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Celebrate the 24-hour countdown with us at Burger Girl Grill across the street from Toyota Stadium for the biggest happy hour of the year!
Come dressed in your red and help us countdown the final hours to our big home opener with specials on food and Budweiser drinks.
As heard on 106.1 KISS FM, The LHK with DJ's Spin, IvyTron & Inzo will keep the celebration going while fans can play at the FIFA 14 gaming station as well as win a variety of raffle prizes including autographed gear & FC Dallas tickets!
Day three of FCD Week will see the FC Dallas Tour travel to some of our partners around Frisco with the FC Dallas Girls and Tex Hooper to help FC Dallas fans prepare for Saturday's home opener!
Look out for Tex and the Tour at select locations with FCD swag, giveaways, ticket specials and free 7UP products.
Schedule of FCD Tour stops with more to come:
12:00PM - 1:00PM - Outside of AdvoCare Headquarters - 2801 Summit Ave Plano, TX 75074
1:15PM - 2:00PM - Cici's Pizza Preston - 5580 Preston Rd Frisco, TX 75034
2:15PM - 3:00PM - Cici's Pizza El Dorado - 15962 W. El Dorado Pkwy #400 Frisco TX 75034
An event that needs no introduction, Cocktails & Cleats 2014 is our biggest one yet! Join us at F.I.G in the Dallas Arts District for the party of the year.
Cocktails & Cleats 2014 Highlights:
- Doors open at 7:00PM and arrive early! We're expecting a capacity crowd for this one.
- For the first time, admission to this event will be 100% FREE and held downtown at F.I.G. in the Dallas Arts District.
- The exclusive unveiling of our all-new 2014 FC Dallas jersey presented by AdvoCare.
- The entire 2014 FC Dallas squad will be there to help celebrate the new season.
- Uber Dallas is offering a FREE $30 credit towards rides for first-time customers
- Dress to impress for this 21 and up event as we'll have a brand-new club atmosphere with live DJ.
- Complementary food and drinks with six of our pub partners sampling their own specialty drinks featuring El Jimador & Gentleman Jack as they vie for the best drink of the night!
- A silent auction featuring amazing items up for grabs with all proceeds benefitting the FC Dallas Foundation.
- Did we mention admission is FREE with complimentary valet...
Help us kick off FCD Week on Monday night at The Staggering Irishman(18101 Preston Rd Dallas, TX 75252) as we host our first-ever FIFA 14 tournament!
REGISTRATION IS NOW FULL. E-mail email@example.com if you'd like to be added to a standby list in case other players don't show up. We still encourage everyone to come out and watch the tournament with fellow FCD fans!
The bracket-style tournament which will be played on XBOX 360 is open to the first 32 FCD fans to sign up(aged 18 & up) and the only fee is a $10 donation to the FC Dallas Foundation.
Things kick off at 7:00PM with the first round and The Staggering Irishman will offer half-price apps and happy hour specials through 10:00PM, so come on out and watch even if you're not the most experienced FIFA player!
FIFA gaming stations will be also be open until 10:00PM, so you'll have plenty of chances to challenge your fellow FCD fans even after the tournament is over.
The top four players will win prizes from FC Dallas and our partners including a customized 2014 FC Dallas jersey pres. by AdvoCare to the champion!
For questions email email@example.com
The wait is almost over! We're just two weeks away from Cocktails & Cleats 2014, and it's our biggest one ever. We need you to help get the word out for this FREE event!
Go to our C&C 2014 Facebook event and simply invite your friends. As we reach more and more invitees, we'll give away more prizes!
When we reach each benchmark, we will announce a winner from those who have RSVP'd as attending C&C 2014 and they'll receive the prize at C&C upon arrival(except for the Jersey, we'll give that to you after we unveil it).
Cocktails & Cleats 2014 Highlights:
- For the first time, admission to this event will be 100% FREE and held downtown at F.I.G. in the Dallas Arts District.
- The exclusive unveiling of our all-new 2014 FC Dallas jersey presented by AdvoCare.
- The entire 2014 FC Dallas squad will be there to help celebrate the new season.
- Dress to impress for this 21 and up event as we'll have a brand-new club atmosphere with live DJ.
- Complementary food and drinks with six of our pub partners sampling their own specialty drinks featuring El Jimador & Gentleman Jack as they vie for the best drink of the night!
- A silent auction featuring amazing items up for grabs with all proceeds benefitting the FC Dallas Foundation.
- Did we mention admission is FREE with complimentary valet...
RSVP for C&C 2014 on Facebook and invite your friends to make this the biggest Cocktails & Cleats ever and you might be the first one to win a brand new 2014 FC Dallas jersey!
Welcome to the 2014 Budweiser Draught Draft! Here's how it works: we have eight Tier 1 Pub Partners and eight road matches selected for our 2014 Party at the Pubs watch party series presented by Budweiser.
Rather than randomly assign matches to our Pub Partners, we're going to let them choose their respective matches. But how do we decide who gets the first pick? Easy, we don't; that's where you come in!
Just cast your vote for your favorite Pub Partner in the poll to the right. When voting ends on Thursday (5pm CT), the pub with the most votes gets to make the first pick in the 2014 Budweiser Draught Draft. The pub with the second most votes gets the second pick, and so on and so forth.
So pick your pub and let us know who you think should get the top spot in our 2014 Party at the Pubs watch party series presented by Budweiser!
The 2014 preseason has officially kicked off, and H&R Block wants to get your ready for the new season by giving you the chance to win a trip to Houston to watch FC Dallas take on the Dynamo on Saturday, April 5 and meet All-Star goalkeeper Raul Fernandez. The Sweepstakes runs from now through Saturday, March 15. All you have to do is visit one of the participating H&R Block locations listed below for your chance to win!
Participating H&R Block locations:
2425 Cockrell Hill Rd. Suite E
Dallas, TX 75211
9751 Webb Chapel Suite 600
Dallas, TX 75220
1532 South First St.
Garland, TX 75040
819 W. Arapaho Rd. Suite 22
Richardson, TX 75080
1012 W. University Dr.
Denton, TX76201
508 South Elm St.
Denton, TX 76201
1455 Buckingham Rd. Suite 164
Richardson, TX 75081
724 W. Main St. Suite 370
Lewisville, TX 75067
3000 Grapevine Mills Pkwy.
Grapevine, TX 76051
1025 W. Hebron Pkwy. Suite 110
Carrollton, TX 75010
13920 Josey Ln. Suite 100
Farmers Branch, TX 75234
Be the first to own the new 2014 FC Dallas home jersey presented by AdvoCare. The all-new design will be revealed at our Cocktails & Cleats (more info here) event on Thursday, March 6.
This jersey is the first of its kind in FC Dallas history, so be sure to pre-order yours today to have it in time to wear to the March 8 season opener vs. Montreal Impact at Toyota Stadium.
As an added benefit, $20 of every 2014 Jersey Presale purchase will be donated to the FC Dallas Foundation.
NOTICE: Presale jerseys WILL NOT BE SHIPPED (select "Cocktails & Cleats pick-up" shipping method at checkout). Jerseys purchased through this presale can be picked up in-person by the purchaser at the 2014 Cocktails & Cleats season kickoff event. All jerseys not picked up at Cocktails & Cleats will be available at the FC Dallas Team Shop in Toyota Stadium during regular store hours starting on Friday, March 7. Presale ends Monday, February 24.
FRISCO, Texas -- It's a new year, and that means it's time once again for FC Dallas' fourth annual Cocktails & Cleats season kickoff event. But this isn't the same C&C from years' past; we've revamped the entire event to make the party bigger and better so we can get the 2014 season started right!
Join us on Thursday, March 6 from 7-10pm at F.I.G. (1807 Ross Ave. Dallas, TX 75201), our brand new downtown location, for Cocktails & Cleats 2014!
For the first time ever, admission to Cocktails & Cleats will be FREE and open to the public (21 and up only), and it will be your first chance to see the brand new 2014 FC Dallas home kit presented by AdvoCare. The FC Dallas Foundation will be accepting $10 donations that will be used to purchase soccer balls for children in Brazil during this summer's World Cup.
The event will also be your first chance to meet the full 2014 FC Dallas squad and it'll still feature a silent auction benefiting the FC Dallas Foundation. Guests will enjoy complimentary food and drinks while listening to a live DJ and mingling with their favorite FC Dallas players.
So mark your calendars now and don't miss out on this one-of-a-kind event to kick off the 2014 FC Dallas season!
It's the final day of 2013 so we thought we'd test your memory on the 2013 FC Dallas season. Take the quiz and let us know how you did!


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What is innovation? Doing the "impossible", creating something new
How can we be creative within the parameters of our standards and pacing? Think about blocks, or legos. They can build and create. Once they know how it work, then they can create and build. Need the tools and know how to use them before you can innovate.
Canadian slowing of traffic measure- graphic of pothole. Some are real, some are fake for slowing traffic. Since drivers don't realize which are real, they slow down for all. Different way to solve a problem.
Resources: Disney engineer books, Critical thinking- daily spark – k-12 book, Brain Games books 7-12, Use visual problems as brain stimulation. If students don't understand at the end, make a model to show. What is really important is looking at how you solve it, not just the answer,
Problem questions: Name things that have holes in them, Uses for a balloon, Uses for Velcro, Name a manufactured item for each letter- b=block, c=car
Inventor facts- lots of facts about a product, guess the product
Tell me a story in 30 seconds- Show a picture, give the person 10 seconds to tell a story, then the next person adds to the story, then next.
Edheads.org – 10 projects to meet standards. Animated with lesson plans and tied to state standards. Works best across class periods, although it can be done in one period. Knee surgery, cell phone design and more. (includes feed back and real photos.)
Kerpoof.com- 8 flash based projects – has a public version and an educator version
Jamestown adventure- interactive adventure in establishing a colony
Word Max- take a photo, write one or two words that define picture, Make a movie of all their wordsInspiration/kidspiration- bubbl- free web based
3-d for virtual tours – zooburst – takes digital storytelling a step further with 3d pixvoki – create an avatar, including text to speech or voice recording, make the avatar talk
for every nine people who denounce innovation, only one will encourage itfor every nine people who stands in line, only one will check the back door, etc….will you be the 10th
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The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports for Trolon.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Trolon.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Trolon.
Trolon (also called Trocon) volcano lies in Argentina NE of the Caldera del Agrio. This dacitic-andesitic lava-dome complex has two summit craters and a pyroclastic cone that fed andesitic lava flows that traveled to the east. González-Ferrán (1995) estimated an age of Pleistocene-Holocene.
The Global Volcanism Program is not aware of any Holocene eruptions from Trolon. If this volcano has had large eruptions (VEI >= 4) prior to 10,000 years ago, information might be found on the Trolon page in the LaMEVE (Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions) database, a part of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
|The small snow-free crater at the upper right, above and to the right of the light-colored area just right of the center of this NASA International Space Station image (with north to the upper left) is Trocon volcano. Trocon lies in Argentina NE of the Caldera del Agrio (lower right), whose floor contains several lakes, including the U-shaped one at lower right near the SE caldera wall. Trocon is a lava-dome complex with two summit craters and a pyroclastic cone. Snow-covered Callaqui volcano (bottom left-center) overlies the western rim of Caldera del Agrio.
NASA Space Station image ISS006-E-39998, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).
The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title.
Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p.


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Yesterday, someone posted a comment in one of my old blogposts entitled "Why do you want to get rich?". The comment reads:
I have experienced this wisdom from the help we had while operating ranches in the southwest. It's not what you have, it's how it has you.
It's amazing how sometimes we learn life's important lessons from the most unexpected people.
If you're curious to know what kind of wisdom this blog reader is talking about, read the following story from Timothy Ferris' The 4-Hour Work Week:
An American businessman took a vacation in a small coastal village in Mexico. One morning after taking a business call, he walked out to the pier and saw a fisherman with a small boat. Inside the boat were several large yellowfin tuna.
He complimented the Mexican on the great catch and asked him how long it took him to catch the fishes and the Mexican fisherman replied "only a little while".
The American asked the fisherman, "Why don't you stay longer to catch more?" to which the fisherman said "I have enough already to support my family and give a few to friends".
The American continued to probe and asked "But what do you do with the rest of your time?"
The Mexican fisherman replied, "I sleep late, fish a little, play with my children, take a siesta with my wife, and stroll the village each evening, where I sip wine and play guitar with my amigos. I have a full and busy life, senor."
The American businessman laughed and said "I have a Harvard MBA and I can help you. You should spend more time fishing, and with the proceeds, buy a bigger boat. In no time, you can buy more boats until you have a fleet." He continued to talk about product, processing and distribution, and he said when the business is big enough, the fisherman should to the US, maybe LA or New York, to further expand the business.
The Mexican asked, "But senor, how long will it take this?" to which the American replied, "15-20 years. 25 years max."
Then the Mexican asked, "But what then, senor?"
The American laughed and replied, "That is the best part. When the time is right, you could do an IPO and sell your company stocks and you will become very rich. You will make millions!"
The Mexican said, "Millions, senor? Then what?"
"Then you would retire and move to a small coastal village, where you would sleep late, fish a little, play with your kids, take a siesta with your wife, and stroll to the village in the evenings where you could sip wine and play guitar with your amigos…"


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Rated 4.5 out of 5 by 13 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by cascademom Safety and peace of mind This Is a necessary product for people who live in areas that get snow/ice in the winter. I use five mats altogether to keep our walkway safe for ourselves and visitors. Our postman and other delivery people are very appreciative of our regard for their safety. I also bought two mats for our daughter and son-in-law and they are very happy with them. I highly recommend this product! January 6, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Tahoe It works! This heated mat allows us a good space on the back patio to get the snow blower started. It keeps the snow from piling up against the doors. It really works. October 22, 2011
Rated 5 out of 5 by Artguy118 Worth every dollar I paid. I have several sets of outdoor stairs which always get very icy in the winter. Since one set of stairs is made of limestone slabs I did not want to use salt or chip the ice away. These stair treads served my purpose. The steps are always clean with no ice or show build up. It just takes one misstep on ice and you can end up hospitalized with serious injuries. Since I am over 70 I could not take the chance of slipping. The heated stair treads were worth every dollar I paid. I have since ordered a second set for my other staircase. December 20, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by IndianaCPA Working great in 4th year I purchased mats and controls 4 years ago. I replaced a control uner warranty at beginning of 2nd year. Other than that, they have worked like a champ and taken away an ice problem on my front stoop just as I had purchased them for. I have recommended to friends and believe, while expensive, they are still a good value. January 12, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by ColdinCincy Good initial quality Good quality - performs and was easy to set up. Did not realize the limitations on the amperage, so we were not able to string together the number we wanted to achieve the coverage we wanted. January 6, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by Ihatethecold Great Product! This is the second year I have bought this product to add to what I already have. Great product, though a lower price would be better. December 15, 2011
Rated 4 out of 5 by HappyShopperNJ They work...! I purchaed these heated stair treads and mat based on the previous winters we've experienced in the northeast. Of course this year to date we haven't had much snow and ice. The days when the temperature did drop below freezing the mats worked great. Price wise, I probably could have purchased a small snow blower for the amount of money that I spent. But so far they did what they claim to do. Just wish the price was more affordable. Also, I haven't received my electric bill yet. I forgot to factor that in... February 16, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by KS47 It works, but isn't perfect I bought 2 stair treads and 1 walkway mat, which I used across the front of the porch (see photo). The mats seem to be a very high quality and look like they'll be durable. However, they do have some design and performance flaws. Pros: - They work. Snow melts as soon as it touches the mat, and if left on for a while after the snow stops, the melted snow even evaporates leaving the mats dry. - The power cables are heavy duty and the waterproof connectors work well. Cons: - The power cables are stiff. I didn't center the mat on the step because I was afraid the cables would be a trip hazard if someone stepped to the side of the mat. Also, the place where the cable attaches to the mat is raised and extends a couple of inches into the mat surface. - The controller doesn't have an on/off switch. However, it does have a built-in GFI and I use the Reset button to turn the mats on and the Test button to turn them off. I assume that isn't a problem. - The mats don't heat edge-to-edge, somewhat reducing the effective area. - The melted snow runs off and freezes along the edge of the mat if it's very cold out. Not much the manufacturer can do about that, but it's a consideration. It's not a problem if it's not too cold, and the mat will even heat the area immediately around it and melt some snow there. - The metal tie-down grommets in the corners are starting to rust after just a few days. - They're a little pricey, even with the daily discount special I got on the website. Conclusion: Despite the expense, I'm glad I got them, and they could be a lifesaver if we get freezing rain. If more than an inch or two of snow is expected, my recommendation is to leave them turned off until after the snow stops. Then brush them off and turn them on to melt any residual snow and dry them out. Otherwise you risk getting an ice buildup along the edges. February 4, 2015
Rated 3 out of 5 by KathyOF Disappointed because I already had 2 of these. I bought another mat for my door step pad and was disappointed to find that the connection cord that allows you to daisy chain several mats together is not long enough or flexible enough to connect another mat to it because it has to go down from the pad to the walkway which is about 4". This is really way to short for practical use and there really is no apparent reason for it being so small except to save on their cost. You should not have to buy a small step mat to be between 2 mats when they cost $150 each already. The other issue is that the connection attachment for the electric cord is also very short and the connection cords are both on the same side so it makes you have to extend with the extension cord alongside the mat making it a trip hazard. The mats should have a connection on each side for more flexible connections and ease of connecting several along a path. January 7, 2015
Product:374419-Electric Heated Stair Treads


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Yeah sorry peeps! Never joined in cos' I was over tired. Andcos of that, probably wouldn't of been very good company
I was that tired I nearly missed the thing anyway. I saw the cage match, and fell asleep. I woke up just at the finish of Punk-Ziggler.
So I dunno how much I missed?
There's always next PPV though
Waiting for you
© 2011 eWrestlingNews, All Rights Reserved.


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Miso Ginger & Wasabiuser rating
Our Miso dressing/marinade and dip is the world's best choice for salads, fish, chicken and meat, and is the world's best marinade for cooking, made only with fresh and natural ingredients. Pure Miso fermented soybean paste with generous amounts of ginger, wasabi, roasted onions, toasted sesame seeds, rice vinegar, pure extra virgin olive oil and other fine ingredients.
About the Producer
Costa Mesa, CA
Website: http://www.galeoscafe.com


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This report provides a detailed Porter´s five force analysis on the Poland defense industry.
The Polish defense industry is heavily dependent on government expenditure, which is very closely correlated with the country´s overall economic growth. The country´s defense requirements are primarily met through domestic procurements, although Poland relies on imports to enhance its air and missile defense systems.
The Polish Defense Industry - Industry Dynamics to 2017: Market Profile is an essential source of information covering the industry dynamics of the defense industry in Poland.
In particular, this report offers in-depth analysis on Industry structure with five forces analysis, to identify various power centers in the industry and how these are likely to develop in the future.
Among the key areas discussed as
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: www.companiesandmarkets.comPhone: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600


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Chandeliers > Niss > P4629-104
- Category: Chandeliers
- Room Type: Dining Room Lighting, Great Room Lighting
- Finish: Polished Nickel
- Style: Contemporary/Modern
- Family: Niss
- Description: With glamorous, vintage-modern appeal, Nisse's five-light pendant chandelier features overscale discs of clear glass to reflect and glimmer against the Polished Nickel finish. A center column of cylindrical glass beads is finished with a modern cut-prism pendalog drop. For a dressier look, a rounded white linen shade enlcoses the lamps. Ten feet of 6 gauge chain is supplied for ceiling chain mount.
- $790.68
Technical Details
- Width/Diameter: 24"
- Height: 32"
- Lamp Quantity: five
- Lamp Type: Candelabra Base
- Lamp Wattage (Max): 60
- Notes:
Additional Support
- How to Install
- Product Specifications BIM Download: 1


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IF you had evidence that someone was a regular user of child porn what would you do? Report them to the authorities or destroy all their pictures and videos to teach them a lesson?
Digital vigilantes on the Internet are turning this hypothetical dilemma into a real problem. One hacker, who uses the name Se7en when he is not teaching students about computer security, has tracked down and destroyed the pornography stored on the hard discs of more than 100 users of child porn, using the trail of evidence they left on the Net.
Others are taking direct action against spammers, who send out millions of unwanted commercial e-mails. If you have ever joined a Usenet discussion group you will probably have received e-mails you never asked for about get-rich-quick schemes or adult services of one sort or another. Because spammers are usually quite good at hiding their tracks the ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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How to Play Backgammon
Four Methods:Preparing to PlayMoving Your CheckersHitting and EnteringBearing Off Your Checkers
Backgammon is one of the oldest games for two players and has been enjoyed by people around the world for over 5,000 years. To win at backgammon, you have to move all of your checkers into your own home board and then bear them off. If you want to know how to play backgammon, just follow these easy steps.
Method 1 of 4: Preparing to Play
1Understand the backgammon board. Backgammon is played on a board that consists of 24 narrow triangles that are called points. The triangles alternate in color and are grouped into four quadrants of six triangles each. There are four types of quadrants: the player's home board and outer board, and the opponent's home board and outer board. The intersection of these four quadrants, the middle of the board, is separated by a ridge called the bar.[1]
- Each player's home board is positioned on the right quadrant closer to the player. The home boards are opposite each other, and so are the outer boards, which are located in the left quadrant.
- The player's goal is to move his checkers from the direction of the other player's home board in a horse-shoe like direction, moving counterclockwise.
- The triangles are numbered from 1-24, with the 24 point being the furthest point from the player, and with 1 being the right most triangle on the player's home court. Each player's numbers are located on opposite sides of the board, so one player's 1st point is the other player's 24th point, one player's 2nd point is the other player's 23rd point, and so on.
2Set up the board. Each player must set up his 15 checkers for the game to begin. The players' checkers will be comprised of two distinct colors, typically white and red, or white and black. To set up the board, each player must place two checkers on his 24 point, three checkers on his 8 point, five checkers on his 13 point, and five more checkers on his 6 point.
- Remember that each player has his own numbering system, so the checkers will not overlap.
3Roll a die to determine who goes first. The player who rolls the lowest number will go first. If both players roll the same number, roll again.
4Remember that you can double the stakes at any point. In backgammon, the winner doesn't actually gain points, but the loser loses points. So if you win, the opponent will either lose based on the face value, double value, or triple value of the stakes on the doubling cube. The doubling cube isn't a die but a marker. It starts at 1, but you can raise the stakes at any time at the beginning of your turn before you have rolled the dice.[2]
- If you want to double the stakes and your partner accepts, then the cube is turned to the new number and placed in your opponent's court. He will have ownership of the cube and will be able to propose a doubling during any of his future turns.
- If your opponent does not accept your offer, he must forfeit the game and lose by the original stakes.
- You can keep doubling the stakes back and forth, or redoubling, but it's not traditionally done more than three or four times in a game.
Method 2 of 4: Moving Your Checkers
1Roll the dice. You will roll two dice during each of your turns. Each dice can land on the numbers 1-6, so you have the opportunity to make moves based on the numbers that you roll.
2Move your checkers to an open point. An open point is any point on the board that is not occupied by two or more opposing checkers. You can move your checkers to a point with no checkers on it, a point with one or more of your checkers on it, a point with one of your opponent's checkers on it. Remember that you should always move your checkers counter-clockwise, moving from your opponent's home court to your own.
- You can start with any checker you chose.
- You can either move one checker twice or move two checkers once. For example, if you roll a 3-2, you can move one checker 3 points over and then 2 points over, as long as it lands on an open point both times. Alternately, you can move one checker 2 points over to an open point, and move another checker 3 points over to an open point.
3If you roll doubles, play the numbers on the dice twice. If you roll doubles, you've earned yourself two extra moves. If you roll double 3s, for example, then you can make four moves of 3 points each.
- Again, you can move four checkers 3 times, move one checker 3 times if it lands on an open point after every move, or mix it up and move two checkers 6 times, or one checker 3 times and another checker 9 times. As long as the total moves add up to 12 and each move lands in an open point, you're in good shape.
4If you can't play either number, you lose your turn. For example, if you roll a 5-6, but you can't find an open point when moving any checker either 5 or 6 times, then you lose your turn. If you can only play one of the numbers, then you can play that number and lose your turn on the other number. If you can only play one number or the other, then you have to play the higher number.
- This rule applies even if you roll doubles. If you can't play the doubled number you've rolled, you lose your turn.
5Try to keep your checkers safe. Try to avoid having just one of your checkers on a point because the point, which is called a blot, is vulnerable to being hit by your player's checkers. Try to strategically move so you always have at least two of your checkers on a point, at least early in the game. If your checker is alone in a point and your opponent hits that point with his checker, you will have to start moving that checker from your opponent's home court, and this will set you back greatly.[3]
- Keeping more points of two or more checkers will also make it more difficult for your opponent to move to an open point, and will make it more likely for your opponent to lose a turn.
6Try to dominate the board when you can. Before you start moving your pieces into your home court, you should try to have many points occupied by 2 or 3 checkers instead of just a few points occupied by 5 or 6 checkers.
- This will not only give you more options to move to open points, but will also make it harder for your opponent to move to an open point.
Method 3 of 4: Hitting and Entering
1Hit a blot to move your opponent's checkers on the bar. If you hit a blot, a point occupied by just one of your opponent's checkers, then the opponent's checkers will be placed on the bar. You should try to hit the blots whenever possible, as long as it helps you move your pieces as close to your home court as possible. This is a great way to slow down your opponent.
- Any time your player's checker is on the bar, he can't move his other checkers until he places it on the home board.
2Enter your pieces when they are taken out. If a player hits a blot with one of your pieces on it, then you have to place your own checker on your bar. Your task is now to move that checker back onto the opposing home board. You can do this by rolling the dice and then moving the checker onto an open point on your opponent's home board based on that number.
- For example, if you roll a 2, you can enter your piece on the 23 mark on your opponent's home court, provided that it's open. This is because you're moving your checker two points over from the bar.
- Once you enter the checker on the bar, you can move any of your checkers based on the number on the other die.
- If you cannot enter the checker, you lose your turn.
- If you have two checkers on the bar, you have to enter them both, if you can. If you can only enter one checker, you lose your turn with the other roll.
- If you have more than two checkers on the bar, you can only move your other checkers once all the checkers on the bar are entered.
Method 4 of 4: Bearing Off Your Checkers
1Move all of your checkers into your home court. You can only start bearing off your checkers once they are all in your home court. You should successfully move all the checkers into the 1-6 points on your board. They can be placed on any of these points. Don't forget that your checkers are still vulnerable when they're in your own home court.
- If the opposing player has a checker on the bar, then he can still enter it into a blot on your court if you have any, forcing you to take out one of your pieces and start moving it all the way from your opponent's home court back to your own, and you can't bear off until it's back in the home court. Try to keep your checkers safe for as long as you can.
2Start bearing off your checkers. When bearing off, you can only bear off checkers that occupy the corresponding point. For example, if you rolled a 4-1, and you have a checker in the 4th and 1st point, you can bear them off. If your roll double sixes and have four checkers on the 6th point, you can bear off all six.
- If you still have a die to play and no checker to bear off, you must move a checker according to the number on the die. For example, if you only have two checkers remaining in the 6th and 5th points and you roll a 2-1, then you can move the checker on the 6th point over to the 4th point, and the checker on the 5th point over to the 4th point.
- You can use a higher roll to bear off a die on a lower point. If you roll a 5-4 and you only have a few checkers remaining in the 3rd and 2nd points, you can bear off two of these checkers.
- You must move a lower die roll before a higher one even if it means you can't fully use the full value of a die. For example, if you have a checker in the 5 point and roll a 5-1, you must first move the checker over 1 to the 4 point and then bear it off using the 5 value.
3Bear off all fifteen of your checkers. If you bear off all fifteen of your checkers before your opponent does, then you have won the game of backgammon. But not all wins are created equal. Your opponent can lose in one of three ways:
- A regular loss. This happens if you you bore off all of your checkers first while your opponent was trying to bear off his checkers. Your opponent will lose only the value on the doubling cube.
- The gammon. If you bear off all of your checkers before your opponent bears off any of his, he is gammoned and loses twice the value on the doubling cube.
- The backgammon. If you bore off all of your checkers while your opponent still has checkers on the bar or your home court, then your opponent is backgammon and loses three times the value on the doubling cube.
4Play again. Backgammon is meant to be played more than once, since each game is worth a certain amount of points. You can even set a goal to play until the losing player loses a certain amount of points.
- If you want to keep playing more games but can't do it in one sitting, you can keep a tally of the points lost by each player and return to the game at another time.
We could really use your help!
Magic Tricks?
Healthy Hair Care?
- If you rolled the same number on both dice (like 4-4), that's a double. If you rolled a double, instead of moving twice the number you got, you move four times the number you got. For example, if you rolled 3-3, you move 3 steps four times.
- If the dice (or even only one die) fall off the board, you must roll them both again.
Things You'll Need
- Backgammon board.
- Thirty checkers of two different colours (15 of each colour).
- Two dice.
- An opponent.
Article Info
Categories: Backgammon
In other languages:
Español: jugar Backgammon, Deutsch: Backgammon spielen, Français: jouer au backgammon, Português: Jogar Gamão, Italiano: Giocare a Backgammon, Русский: играть в нарды, Nederlands: Backgammon spelen, Bahasa Indonesia: Bermain Backgammon, 中文: 玩西洋双陆棋
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 60,497 times.


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Converged Network Preparation - Network Convergence:
A converged network optimizes your infrastructure resources and brings countless efficiencies to your operations. But if it is not properly planned and designed, network convergence can cause many issues and headaches. As to all complicated efforts, the secret to a successful converged network project is in the preparation taken before implementation. We offer end to end infrastructure assessments and professional systems design services to ensure a properly implemented converged network.


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Okay, now you have the body right where you want it. Are you going to leave on all the factory trim and emblems?
Make sure you fill holes you don't want and make holes you do want before the final paint process. You should also install the grille, headlight bezels, hood bar and extensions, taillights, bumpers, and check the fit of the stainless moldings, especially around the front and back glasses. Get the idea? Yes, you really need to take a little extra time up front and do a fit check of these parts.
You can apply my discussion of body panel fit to many other parts of your car as well. Try fixing the firewall behind the head after the motor and transmission is installed and you'll wish you had taken a few extra minutes and set the motor in place.
I could go on, but I hope you get the message. Talk to someone who has built a car and ask them about their experiences. I hope these tips have been helpful. See ya, Darryl
To contact the author, please call or write him at D&P Classic Chevy 18392 Enterprise Ln., #1, Dept. SC Huntington Beach, CA 92648 (800) 647-1957


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Hostelz.com's Review
This all-girls hostel is in an attractive building - replete with flowery courtyard - in a good location in Verona. It's close to the sights but a bit of a hike from the train station (20-25 min). The vibe here is casual, low-key and pretty quiet at night. (Perhaps this is because of the 11 pm curfew.)
Overall it's very clean. But the bathrooms (shared by a large number of girls) can get a little funky. Be prepared to stalk out a place in line to get in the shower!
In the dorm rooms, there are beds for approximately 11 girls and women. Sheets are provided for free but they don't give out towels. The bedroom is arranged as a loft on two levels, giving it all a rustic sort of feel.
Overall it's very clean. But the bathrooms (shared by a large number of girls) can get a little funky. Be prepared to stalk out a place in line to get in the shower!
In the dorm rooms, there are beds for approximately 11 girls and women. Sheets are provided for free but they don't give out towels. The bedroom is arranged as a loft on two levels, giving it all a rustic sort of feel.
— Exclusive Hostelz.com Review
January 2004
How is Casa della Giovane rated on other websites?
Hostelz.com Guest Reviews
Nothing like it is advertised I booked through a booking site. Unfriendly check-in with no information about the hostel given and sketchy directions to the room, which was not easy to find amongst the maze of corridors. Contact with another receptionist on the following day was friendlier. A high ceilinged clean room divided into 2, the bottom half with no natural light containing 5 single beds, and on the platform above even more beds including bunks, though with a window. The bathroom was very dirty, but superficially cleaned on the following day; too many women for 1 bathroom. There is also an alcove with 2 wash basins. The hostel is home to homeless/needy women and this is rightly their priority, however, it makes for a strained atmosphere. The paying guests are treated as outsiders. There was a great deal of noise very early in the morning with women arguing and children screaming, which added to the constant noise of alarms and mobiles that were not switched off during the night within the room. — Maerz, Australian (2014-07-02)
Can I give negative stars? My 19 year old daughter tried to stay there. She had a reservation and her train was running late (surprised?). Knowing the Casa had a curfew, she called to alert them that her train would arrive at the time of the curfew. They told her that because she had called they would let her in. When she arrived 15 minutes after curfew, they refused her entry and literally shooed her off the doorstep at 9:15 at night. She had never been to Verona. Had no idea where to turn. I call that uncharitable to say the very least. — Cindy, age 50, USA (2013-06-03)
I have stayed here several times before. It is conveniently situated I have stayed here several times before. It is conveniently situated in a very quiet and attractive part of the old city. I feel as if I am stepping back in time as I enter those huge doors and walk up the wide staircase. It is very clean. I will use it again. — Denise Carrick, South Africa (2011-05-01)
I found the hostel good. It was clean and the ladies on the reception were very friendly and helped by any problem. The rooms get every day clean, so they were ok, mainly the beds were comfortable! A con was that you have to share the bath with eleven other people and that you get up in the morning if some one go in bath or something else that make loud noises. But all in all it was very good for the price of 13.50€ per night. The hostel is not to far from the center, to Piazza del Erbe just seven minutes and to Piazza Bra fifteen minutes for walking. I would stay there a second time. — Caroline, German (2007-04-05)
I stayed in this hostel in march, and it was great. There was a room for eleven people and I shared it with only one other girl, so we had a bathroom on our own. Very clean, friendly staff! — italyexplorer (2006-06-19)
We were in Casa della Giovane in November, so there weren't many people. We paid only 13 euros per night. The hostel is in the center, it's clean and there are no sleeping bags allowed so make sure you take warm clothes, because it was pretty cold at night. Sheets and covers are supplied. There's a curfew at 11 p.m., but it's no problem, because Verona is a small city so there isn't much to do in the evening. There's no kitchen for visitors! We were in the room for 11 girls, so if it's full there may be some problems with the bathroom, because there's only one shower. — Julia & Magda (2005-11-15)
Clean, quiet and cheap hostel. I only paid 14 EUR and it was a fine place to stay. Good beds, good shower, but not really a place to hang out, party or meet lots of new friends or so. But it was ok to sleep in and pretty close to the city center. — Nadia (2005-05-15)
This hostel is very clean, quiet, and central (much closer to the sights than the HI hostel). I paid 13 euros for a 3-bed room that I shared with just one other woman. You can't beat that! — Tatyana (2004-03-10)


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Living in Basel
> Sport
Living in Basel
Health and Insurances
Churches and faiths
Mainstream Sport
Professional sports
Public Pools
Ice Skating Rinks
FC Basel 1893
St Jakob Hall
St Jakob-Park
University Hospital Basel
Basel region
Sports fans have the possibility in Basel to choose from a wide range of individual as well as team sports. Mainstream and professional sports benefit from an excellent infrastructure. A big number of easily accessible gyms, health clubs, sports clubs etc. add to the image of the "moving" town.
further pictures
In Basel sports fans of all ages pursue sport on all levels. Searching for your favorite sport, you can become a member in one of the 300 sports clubs. The list of sports available is long and includes water, ball, combative and running sports.
Whoever wants to remain fit individually can enjoy the city and its surroundings on the bicycle, on skates or inline skates, by golfing, horseback riding or even paragliding. The wide variety on offer gets used with great enthusiasm. Even bad weather cannot stop you from exercising as many indoor activities from aqua jogging to yoga are available.
The public sports facilities are actual meeting points for the public and families and with the utterly professional facilities at St. Jakob, Basel-Stadt is also prepared for sports activities on the highest level. Basel has a reputation as sports town, based on the local football club Basel (FCB), which plays in the highest league, as well as on the local ice hockey club (EHC Basel), playing in the second highest league. Further top representatives for the Basel sport are the tennis professional Roger Federer and the reigning fencing Olympic champion, Marcel Fischer. Top events such as the Davidoff Swiss Indoors - one of the most important indoor tennis tournaments in the world - the Badminton Swiss Open or the Top Volley International are hosted in Basel every year. International football matches are regularly being played in the St. Jakob-Park. Already now Basel is looking forward to the UEFA Euro 2008, a highlight with a bid international following, during which Basel will be the "Main City Switzerland".
Sports advancement
Sport has an important function in society, especially in the area of youth programmes. As a lot of importance is contributed to the search for young talents, many clubs sustain their own junior departments for children. These private sports initiatives are being supported by the state-run Sportamt (Office for sports), which is active with specific advancement programmes in all areas of sports and for all age groups, for the purpose that children and youngster can live their drive for movement or discover it in the first place. Furthermore, the Office for sports manages most sports facilities within the Canton.
Sportamt Basel-Stadt
Online database for possible sports (Sportamt Basel-Stadt)
Sport Basel
Virtual Basel
Enjoy the virtual city tour


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The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
Since volunteer turnout from within LUG is surprisingly low this year,
I've been asking around RoseLUG, SacLUG, NBLUG, BALUG and SVLUG to see if
I can muster up more people to help out with WEF and GTC.
For GTC, asking SacLUG and RoseLUG folks makes sense, since the event
is /in/ Sacramento, and we had volunteers from those LUGs help us out last
In the meantime, I'll continue to keep harassing LUGOD members via vox and
vox-outreach until I'm confident we have a suitable crew for each of these
Because right now, WE DON'T!!!
So if you can help in anyway, please don't hesitate to let me know!
(Sorry for this huge sense of urgency, but I'm moving this weekend, and
will probably not have suitable Internet access for a while! YIPES!)
PS - More information on these events, of course, can be found on our site:
vox mailing list
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
On today's show we're making party playlists with our music and prepping pics for Instagram with our favorite app picks this week Splyce and Landcam. Watch the show to see them both in action. Do you have any apps or games you're loving this week? Make sure to let us know in the comments.
AppAdvice Daily: Favorite App Picks Of The Week
BY Robin Rhys on App of the week favorite apps Landcam Music new apps Splyce


text:
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. By using non-blocking network I/O, Tornado can scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it ideal for long polling, WebSockets, and other applications that require a long-lived connection to each user.
As of Tornado 3.2, the backports.ssl_match_hostname package must be installed when running Tornado on Python 2. This will be installed automatically when using pip or easy_install.
Here is a simple "Hello, world" example web app for Tornado:
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.write("Hello, world")
application = tornado.web.Application([
(r"/", MainHandler),
if __name__ == "__main__":
This example does not use any of Tornado's asynchronous features; for that see this simple chat room.
Automatic installation:
pip install tornado
Tornado is listed in PyPI and can be installed with pip or easy_install. Note that the source distribution includes demo applications that are not present when Tornado is installed in this way, so you may wish to download a copy of the source tarball as well.
Manual installation: Download tornado-3.2.2.tar.gz:
tar xvzf tornado-3.2.2.tar.gz cd tornado-3.2.2 python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install
The Tornado source code is hosted on GitHub.
Prerequisites: Tornado runs on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, and 3.3. On Python 2, the backports.ssl_match_hostname package must be installed (This will be installed automatically when using pip or easy_install); on Python 3 there are no strict dependencies outside the standard library. Some Tornado features may require one of the following optional libraries:
Platforms: Tornado should run on any Unix-like platform, although for the best performance and scalability only Linux (with epoll) and BSD (with kqueue) are recommended for production deployment (even though Mac OS X is derived from BSD and supports kqueue, its networking performance is generally poor so it is recommended only for development use). Tornado will also run on Windows, although this configuration is not officially supported and is recommended only for development use.
You can discuss Tornado on the Tornado developer mailing list, and report bugs on the GitHub issue tracker. Links to additional resources can be found on the Tornado wiki. New releases are announced on the announcements mailing list.
Tornado is one of Facebook's open source technologies. It is available under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
This web site and all documentation is licensed under Creative Commons 3.0.


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Luke Stannard Wins 2010 Nissen-Emery Award
April 14, 2010
WEST POINT, N.Y. - University of Illinois senior gymnast Luke Stannard became just the third Illini to win the prestigious Nissen-Emery Award, announced Wednesday night at the NCAA banquet. The award is presented annually to the nation's top senior male gymnast and honors excellence in gymnastics, good sportsmanship and fair play and a high standard of scholarship throughout his collegiate career.
Stannard joins David Zeddies (1989) and current Illinois associate men's head coach Justin Spring (2006) as the only Illini to win the award since its inception in 1966. Additionally, Illinois swept Central Region Coach of the Year honors for the second straight year, as Spring took home Coach of the Year and Ivan Ivankov earned his second consecutive Assistant Coach of the Year accolade.
"It's absolutely incredible," Stannard said. "I never made this an explicit goal of mine, but to bring this back not only for myself, but for the team is just incredible. It's history. It's great to be recognized and to be able to have something I can physically hold that embodies all the work I've put into the program."
Stannard has been a significant contributor in the Illinois lineup since his arrival and has achieved much success inside the gym, specifically on pommel horse, on which he earned both a U.S. National title and Big Ten title in 2009. He's tallied a career-best five events titles this season, including one on floor and four on pommel horse and enters the NCAAs ranked second nationally on the event. Outside the gym, he is a three-time College Gymnastics Association (CGA) All-America Scholar-Athlete and Academic All-Big Ten honoree.
The Nissen-Emery Award is named in honor of George Nissen, a three-time NCAA Champion at the University of Iowa and inventor of the trampoline, for his contributions to the sport, and for Dr. Bob Emery, the 1969 recipient of the award. Nissen recently passed away on April 7, 2010 at the age of 96.
Spring, who also captured Big Ten Coach of the Year honors following the team's second straight Big Ten title, has led the squad to a 16-1 overall record in his first season at the helm and a No. 1 ranking heading into the NCAA Championships.
"Watching Luke win that award and just seeing the exposure this program is getting is the biggest reward for me," Spring said. "Ivan deserves so much credit. He's the backbone in the gym and keeps the guys in line. I feel like I've been working with him for 10 years and it's only been a year and a half. It's been a true honor working with him."
The Illini begin competition at the 2010 NCAA Championships Thursday in the first qualifying session at Noon CT/1 p.m. ET.


text:
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text:
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text:
Autumn 2011 - In This Issue
Moving on Up!
Feeling the Heat
Back to the Future
Back from the Brink
Police Blotter
New Discoveries
Upcoming Events
Moving On Up: Helping Wildlife Adapt to a Changing Climate
Maryland is often referred to as America in Miniature – within a few hours one can travel from wave swept shores to rolling farmland to high elevation forests. Maryland's unique habitats, ranging from hemlock-lined gorges to serpentine barrens, support a diverse range of species that depend on these habitats. Unfortunately, much of the habitat that makes Maryland unique, and that wildlife and humans depend on, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Climate change is expected to bring warmer temperatures, stronger storms, drier summers, more wind, and rising seas to Maryland. All pose a threat to many of Maryland's terrestrial and aquatic species and habitats.
Maryland's wildlife already experiences stress from development, invasive species, pathogens, and pollution. Because of this, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR) has listed over 500 species of plants and animals as Endangered, Threatened, or In Need of Conservation. Climate change will worsen the effects of existing stressors. Shifting temperatures and changing streamflows will force less tolerant species to migrate from current habitat; fragmentation of that habitat acts as a barrier to migration. As Maryland begins to experience these impacts, it will become increasingly more important to reduce the impacts of existing stressors, grow smartly, and value the services that nature provides.
Shifts in habitat due to climate change will alter the distributions of many species. Populations of species at the northern extent of their range may become more abundant or colonize new habitat, whereas those species at the southern extent of their ranges may migrate away from intolerable conditions or die off locally. Existing barriers will hamper the ability of some species to migrate in search of suitable habitat. More than 700 existing blockages to fish passage (e.g., dams) in Maryland slow or prevent fish from reaching critical spawning areas. Natural barriers and coastal development may limit the ability of tidal wetlands to migrate inland, reducing the extent of these wetlands as sea level rises.
Many species simply cannot move on. Habitat needs, structural barriers, and life history may result in climate casualties. More droughts may further decrease the sedge/tussock meadow wetlands in central Maryland, home to the endangered bog turtle, or threaten the mountain peatland wetlands in western Maryland, such as the Cranesville Swamp Preserve home to the southernmost tamarack, or eastern larch, forest worldwide. Vernal pools may dry up earlier, eliminating habitat for wood frogs and marbled salamanders. Increasingly saline waters from sea level rise may place endangered species such as the globally rare dwarf wedge mussel at risk of local extinction as they are pushed to the very upper reaches of the small headwater streams they inhabit.
Not all is lost. Throughout time, species have had to adapt to a changing climate and loss of habitat, both natural and human caused. To ensure that Maryland and the region's wildlife can adapt to a changing climate, MD DNR is working to: 1) assess species vulnerability and habitat shifts; 2) target land protection efforts; 3) break down barriers to habitat migration; and 4) coordinate development of response strategies at a regional level.
Climate "survivors" will be those species and habitats that are the least vulnerable, able to adapt to changing conditions, and those that are vulnerable, but receive ample support from local, state, and federal agencies to reduce external stressors. At MD DNR, Dana Limpert is currently leading the way to conduct a vulnerability assessment of Maryland's species of Greatest Conservation Need (GCN) to climate change. The results of her work will ultimately provide managers with a roadmap to understand the impacts of climate change on wildlife and inform the development of targeted adaptation strategies. (See Dana's article "Back to the Future).
In 2010, MD DNR issued a new policy, "Building Resilience to Climate Change". This will guide its investments in and management of land, resources and assets in order to better understand, mitigate and adapt to climate change. The policy directs MD DNR to proactively seek the protection of lands that enhance the resilience of bay, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Over the past several years, MD DNR's Chesapeake and Coastal Program has been working to identify and prioritize wetlands at risk from sea level rise and storm surges with an eye to protecting wetland transition zones (See Maryland's Coastal Atlas for more information). This work and the Vulnerability Assessment being completed by Dana Limpert will, together, provide the necessary guidance to the Department to implement its new policy.
It is likely that the Vulnerability Assessment will unveil additional barriers to species migration, including dams, watersheds with high impervious cover or higher elevations that prevent inland migration of marshes affected by sea level rise. This information will be extremely useful to the Department, as it will inform the implementation of on-the-ground restoration strategies aimed at helping ecosystems to recover from disturbance, reducing existing stressors, and removing barriers.
Collaboration and coordination across state boundaries will be necessary to ensure that species have access to shifting conditions and habitats as a result of climate change. Maryland is working with federal agencies and surrounding states to develop regional species protection and landscape conservation strategies to protect both potential incoming and departing "climate refugees." Close coordination with the other mid-Atlantic states will ensure that compatible regional approaches for species and habitat migration are implemented effectively.
MD DNR's new climate change policy also requires the agency to incorporate climate change into any new or updated resources management assessment and strategic plans. We encourage other state and local agencies also to incorporate climate change into their planning efforts. This will foster a coordinated and collaborative approach to ensuring that Maryland's wildlife and ecosystems can be resilient in the face of climate change and that human and natural ecosystems can thrive in the balance.
The Department welcomes the opportunity to work with local jurisdictions to prioritize protection and restoration areas important for climate change adaptation. By prioritizing climate change adaptation in local planning efforts, multiple benefits can be achieved and risks reduced. While protecting climate adaptation corridors, communities can benefit from cleaner water, more sustainable development, and a higher level of preparedness. More information can be found on our climate change website or by contacting Marcus Griswold or Zoë Johnson with MD DNR's Office for a Sustainable Future
Baltimore Checkerspots: Feeling the Heat?
It's not always easy being a Baltimore Checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton) butterfly. Despite their esteemed status as Maryland's state insect, they still have a number of problems to contend with and have seen their distribution shrink over the last few decades. Some of this decline is attributed to development of their wetland habitat. In other instances, forest succession has occurred; trees and shrubs have naturally moved in and covered up the open wet meadows where Baltimore Checkerspots had once bred and foraged. Deer are another problem. They enjoy eating the caterpillar host plant, and likely consume many of the caterpillars right along with the plants. Throw climate change into the mix, and the situation becomes even more precarious.
Granted, many aspects of climate change can be incredibly difficult to predict. And because so many other factors can influence the distribution and success of a species, it is difficult to say for sure whether or not climate change has had or will have an impact on Baltimore Checkerspot butterflies. There is however, mounting evidence that we should consider climate change as another threat to our state insect.
NatureServe, a non-profit organization that works closely with state Natural Heritage Programs throughout the country to promote species conservation, recently initiated an effort to come up with a Climate Change Vulnerability Index. This index is a calculator of sorts that estimates how vulnerable a species is to climate change. It measures two things: exposure and sensitivity. In the case of Baltimore Checkerspots in Maryland, for example, the index first considered the distribution of the species within the state and estimated how much of their range was likely to be impacted by a long-term change in climate. Then it looked more specifically at the Baltimore Checkerspots sensitivity to climate change. In other words, are there aspects of the Baltimore Checkerspot's habitat or ecology that might make it more or less vulnerable to climate change? Do Baltimore Checkerspots require a specialized habitat to survive? Are their host plants declining in number? Are their nectar plants flowering earlier? How far can they disperse? Are they dependent upon snow cover or ice? Sensitive to drought? Threatened by sea level rise? Based on the answers to these and many other questions, the model calculates how vulnerable the species might be to a changing climate.
How did the Baltimore Checkerspot fare? In Maryland, it fell into the most critical category and was ranked as "Extremely Vulnerable."
Since many aspects of climate change are difficult to predict, the vulnerability index is not meant to imply that a species is doomed. Rather, the index can serve as an early warning system. It allows biologists to single out those species considered to be the most vulnerable and take a closer look not only at the potential impacts of climate change, but at possible strategies to mitigate those impacts. If we examine some of the questions that helped determine the final vulnerability score for Baltimore Checkerspots, we can start to piece together why they are considered to be so vulnerable.
First, let's review what we know about Baltimore Checkerspots. In Maryland, the adults are active in June and July. They live in open, wet meadows or marshes that have an abundance of host plants and nectar plants. Adult female butterflies lay eggs on the caterpillar host plant, white turtlehead (Chelone glabra). The eggs then hatch into masses of tiny caterpillars. They will remain on the host plant until late in the fall, at which point they bury themselves in the leaf litter and remain there all winter. The following spring, these still-tiny caterpillars will emerge and continue feeding until they are large enough to form pupae. The adults emerge and the cycle repeats itself.
Baltimore Checkerspot populations appear to have the greatest stability in the northernmost portions of their global range. In Maryland, the trend is similar. The MD Natural Heritage Program has taken a close look at how the distribution of the Baltimore Checkerspot has changed in our state over the past few decades. While Baltimore Checkerspot colonies were never documented in the most southern regions of the state, they once occurred in 13 counties across Maryland. Today, not only are there far fewer colonies than there used to be, but the remaining colonies are primarily located in the higher elevations and more northern areas of the Checkerspot's historic range. While the reasons for this shift in distribution include development and other factors, it may also be indicative of warming temperatures or increased drought conditions.
It has been suggested (but not proven) that the western-most populations in Maryland have persisted because of lower temperatures, and it is thought that perhaps there is not enough of a hard freeze in the east for the larvae to successfully overwinter. Snow cover has been demonstrably important in providing insulation for a variety of overwintering species and may be important for Baltimore Checkerspot larvae as well. Snow cover also acts to keep the ground moist, protecting delicate organisms from desiccation (drying out). While there is currently no direct evidence of this assertion for Baltimore Checkerspots, it could be a reason for their relatively high success in the western portion of the state. However, it should be noted that many of the now extirpated colonies have disappeared for a variety of other reasons including habitat succession to closed-canopy woodland and clearing for development. It may be that the lower elevation areas simply experience a faster pace of development. When a variety of factors are known to threaten a species success, it is difficult to ascertain which of those are having the greatest impact. Many times, it is the combined impact of all those threats that create problems for a struggling species.
Researchers in Canada have collected data indicating that climate change
does have an impact on Baltimore Checkerspots, lending credence to the fact
that there is some truth in those vulnerability index scores. In Manitoba,
researchers found that as the average temperature increased, so did the
range of the Baltimore Checkerspot. In a little over a decade, it had
expanded its range 70 kilometers to the north as the temperature warmed.
It is likely that climate change is just one factor of many that threatens the long-term viability of the Baltimore Checkerspot. However, our awareness of the changing climate and the potential impacts on the Baltimore Checkerspot can assist us in making sound decisions as far as where to concentrate our conservation efforts. While we will certainly try to maintain all of our Baltimore Checkerspot colonies, it may be that a greater emphasis should be on protecting and managing the higher elevation colonies. In addition, locating and maintaining habitat corridors that permit the dispersal of Baltimore Checkerspots to higher elevation wetlands may also be important. If we know which way the Baltimore Checkerspots are heading, perhaps we can do the most good by helping them get where they need to be, and securing a suitable habitat for them while they are there.
Back to the Future: Climate Change and Conservation Reserves
If you want to liven things up among a group of people, just mention climate change. Then stand back or risk getting burned. It doesn't take long for the camps to align along a black or white pole: human vs. natural cycle. On the heels of this paralyzing polarization comes the absolute certainty of the proper response: reduce greenhouse gas emissions, or stick your head in the sand.
Biologists are well familiar with the idea that ecology is a science of the continuum. Few puzzles in nature are either black or white. Climate science is complex, as are the places where climate, nature, and humans intersect (or crash). Could it be that climate changes are part of a natural cycle AND something which humans are globally influencing through our collective actions? If so, what then? How much of the process can we actually control? Decision-making is sometimes further complicated by the uncertainty inherent in mathematical models used to predict the future of climate, species, and communities. Conservation biologists must always make management decisions regarding stressors in the absence of complete and perfect knowledge, which does not yet exist.
Doing nothing is not an option. The State of Maryland has been a national leader in addressing climate change. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR) is the lead state agency in formulating strategies to reduce Maryland's vulnerability to anticipated impacts from climate change. Click here for more information on MD DNR's climate change policy and comprehensive adaptation plans.
The MD Natural Heritage Program (NHP) has joined other state programs and NatureServe a non-profit conservation organization, in assessing climate vulnerability of rare and endangered plants and animals using NatureServe's Climate Change Vulnerability Index. Biologists can use global climate models designed, and "down scale" them, inputting regional species natural history information to get an idea how climate will affect species of Greatest Conservation Need (GCN). NHP biologists have run over 400 animal and plant species through the index. This helps biologists integrate climate change with other existing stressors. This process provides the opportunity to focus planning activities and conservation efforts on those species most at risk. In addition to species-climate vulnerability assessments, MD NHP is also involved with regional and state efforts to model habitat vulnerability. By recognizing that climate change will be affecting large regions, we can position ourselves and our neighboring partners to address the challenges more effectively.
But the question remains, how do we adapt and incorporate climate change in our conservation picture for future generations, especially when the only thing certain is change? Examining past climate changes lends some insight on why biologists should consider "no regrets" adaptation strategies. These strategies are developed based on parameters other than climate change. That way, if climate predictions don't become the reality predicted, science-based choices for conservation were made despite climate. There may be some conservation decisions that are made solely based on climate change, such as sea level rise issues, but in general most decisions should be made with consideration of other stressors and opportunities.
How we prepare for and respond to climate change must also be flexible. One response is to develop climate preparedness activities aimed at "spreading the risk" into networks of conservation reserves. Paleoecological data gleaned from pollen in rock and soil layers of lake sediments show that plant communities in eastern North America are relatively young (4,000-8,000 years old) and not the end products of millions of years of co-evolution. This means that modern plant communities, assemblages of species on specific soils and hydrology, are transitory, proceeding along a continuum from one type to another on a broad evolutionary scale. Another recent study suggests that geologic patterns drive species diversity more than climate. Given this new information, biologists are incorporating this idea of "conserving the stage and not the actors" as a coarse filter approach to conservation reserve network designs. Ensuring that networks of nature reserves include representation and replication of diverse habitats, with different geology and soils in addition to species of Greatest Conservation Need, will help to conserve biodiversity for future generations.
Perhaps more importantly, what we are being called to do includes changing the way we live. Reducing other non-climate stressors where possible - minimizing the tendency for urban sprawl and the resulting habitat fragmentation, waste, and water and air pollution, including greenhouse gas emissions - will help. These are "no regrets" strategies that everyone can live with, including the plants and animals that make up Maryland's natural world.
Back from the Brink: Restoring Skimmer Island in a Public/Private Partnership
"Skimmer Island, where's that?" Well if you've driven across the Rt. 50 Bridge into Ocean City and glanced to the north, you've seen Skimmer Island. Many O.C. locals refer to the island as "Bird Island" and rightfully so; the low lying sands of Skimmer Island are the most important nesting site for two of Maryland's endangered bird species, the Black Skimmer and Royal Tern. To tell the story of Skimmer Island fully, we must go back to before most of us were born.
Prior to formation of the Ocean City Inlet in 1933, Skimmer Island and the flood tidal shoal that it is part of, did not exist. After the inlet was opened by the 1933 storm a long slow natural process began that eventually resulted in the formation of Skimmer Island. Tidal flow into and out of the inlet moves tremendous amounts of sand each tidal cycle. As inlets age, shoals form on both the bay side and the ocean side of the inlet where current velocities slow and drop their load of sand. In the over 70 years since the Ocean City inlet formed, a significant flood tidal shoal has grown just north of the Rt. 50 Bridge. By the late 1980s the flood tidal shoal was substantial, but Skimmer Island still didn't exist as dry land above most high tides. The area was simply a sand flat frequently flooded by high tide that was often used as a party spot by boaters out for an afternoon on the water. Skimmer Island formed on top of the Ocean City flood tidal shoal when the State Highway Administration placed scour protection underneath the Rt. 50 Bridge. This was intended to protect the bridge pilings and help naturally maintain the federal navigation channel at the east end of the bridge. Then in 1985 Hurricane Gloria struck, devastating the beaches of Ocean City and resulting in a project to repair and replenish the beach. That project added extra sand to the tidal flux through the inlet and resulted in the fairly rapid accretion of an island on top of the already existing flood tidal shoal - Skimmer Island was born.
By the mid 1990s, Skimmer Island had become an important breeding site in Maryland for several species of colonial nesting waterbirds, especially Black Skimmer, Common Tern, and Royal Tern. At its peak Skimmer Island was 7 acres in size and supported about 1,000 or more breeding pairs of terns and skimmers. Skimmer Island is the most important breeding site in Maryland for waterbirds species that require barren sand beaches, a very rapidly disappearing habitat. At peak use Skimmer Island supported over 600 breeding pairs of Royal Tern, 500 pairs of Common Tern and 175 pairs of Black Skimmer. During the mid 1990s life was good for these rare Maryland birds and Skimmer Island was a real wildlife spectacle. Skimmer Island and the surrounding sand flats also attract many other species of birds. It is a destination for many bird watchers and wildlife observers.
At the turn of the 21st century, things began to change for the worse as the size of Skimmer Island declined. Competition with nesting gulls made life hard for terns and skimmers breeding at this unique natural area. By 2006, Black Skimmers and Royal Terns abandoned Skimmer Island as a nesting site. The causes were the increasing size of the gull colony which had reached over 500 breeding pair, and the erosion of Skimmer Island. By 2010 Skimmer Island had declined to an area of less than 2.5 acres.
The reasons for the decline in the size of Skimmer Island are complex and relate to human management of the physical structures that maintain the Ocean City Inlet, the hardened shorelines in the vicinity of the Rt. 50 Bridge, and the ever present and continuing rise in sea level. Sea level rise is continually claiming the small island habitats used by colonial nesting waterbirds such as skimmers and terns. A recent study shows that island loss between 1985 and 2006 was greatest in the northern coastal bays and lowest in Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays. In addition to direct island loss, sea level rise over the past 25 years has claimed most of the small barren sand beaches on small islands in the coastal bays. This is the specific habitat that terns and skimmers require for nesting each summer. These habitat losses have greatly increased the importance of the newly accreted habitat at Skimmer Island. Unfortunately that habitat is proving to be very temporary.
Something needed to be done or Maryland would lose two species of breeding birds and a valuable wildlife resource. Management actions were taken to disperse the gull colony so that they would not prey upon nesting terns and skimmers and otherwise compete with the two endangered bird species. Once the gull problem was solved and under control, the more serious issue was how to regain nesting habitat lost to erosion over the years. Skimmer Island needed sand!
It just so happened that the nearby Sunset Marina had been dredging their approach channel for several years and placing the dredged clean sand in upland areas, primarily Gudelsky Park in West Ocean City. However, after dredging in spring 2009 the park could no longer accept sand – it was full! So during late 2009 Sunset Marina, the Maryland Coastal Bays Program and the MD Natural Heritage Program began working together to use the clean dredged sand from the approach channel to Sunset Marina to nourish and restore Skimmer Island. While this sounds like a relatively simple idea, the wetland permitting process of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and MD Department of the Environment was daunting and took two winters to complete. After much hard work by many people, numerous permits were obtained. During March of 2011 sand from the approach channel to Sunset Marina was placed on Skimmer Island to nourish and improve nesting habitat conditions for Black Skimmers, Common and Royal Terns. In the end, without the involvement of all of the partners and assistance from Senator Cardin's office, Skimmer Island nourishment might still be a dream on the horizon.
Skimmer Island nourishment and restoration is a great example of win-win wildlife habitat enhancement through beneficial use of dredged material. The MD Natural Heritage Program would be hard pressed to find the funds to restore Skimmer Island on its own and Sunset Marina needed to find a place for the sand dredged from its approach channel. The State of Maryland had a need for sand to nourish Skimmer Island and Sunset Marina covered the cost of dredging and placing the sand on Skimmer Island. The winners? Black Skimmers, Common and Royal Terns. The permits are now in place so that this "design with nature" adaptive management approach can place sand on Skimmer Island for several more years to improve habitat conditions for two endangered bird species. As sea level rise continues, the ability to nourish Skimmer Island with clean sand dredged from nearby channels will allow managers to maintain the critical barren sand habitats that are present on Skimmer Island. Skimmers, terns, horseshoe crabs and a myriad list of other species can take advantage of the benefits that the flood tidal sand flats and Skimmer Island provide to them.
During the summer of 2011, small colonies of terns and skimmers returned to use Skimmer Island as a nesting site. As natural processes shape the sand that was placed on Skimmer Island this past spring, the habitat conditions will improve and larger nesting colonies of terns and skimmers are expected to return to Skimmer Island in future years.
So the next time that you drive over the Rt. 50 Bridge look to the north to see the most valuable piece of barren sand nesting habitat in Maryland. Hopefully the win-win partnership between the State of Maryland and Sunset Marina will result in good nesting habitat and strong use by Skimmer Island by Black Skimmers, Common Terns and Royal Terns for many years to come.
Police Blotter
On March 6th three individuals were caught on State land collecting moss. This might not seem like a pressing matter, but collecting plant materials from State lands without a permit is illegal. This shouldn't scare anyone off from going into the woods and enjoying Nature. We've all been in the woods before and picked up some natural object that we found interesting. Indeed, this is how most of our best known naturalists got started. The moss collecting that took place here was far more malicious and far-reaching than a random collection by a curious individual.
In a coordinated effort that took many hours, these individuals collected 98 horticultural flats of material; this would cover nearly 200 square feet. These flats were stacked with care and placed in plastic bags for transport. The mosses collected were all common upland species, frequently encountered in upland woods on sandy soils.
These individuals were ticketed by DNR Police and forced to appear in court, no small inconvenience given the individuals were from Massachusetts. Though the collectors of this material never specified the reasons for their illegal collecting it was probably for economic gain. The moss species that were collected are commonly used in the horticultural trade in arrangements or as a green base under Bonsai trees.
Collection of plant materials is regulated on state lands to avoid over-collection and annihilation of a population. One child picking a flower for Mom or Dad may not seem like much but if the over-10 million visitors to our State Parks last year picked one flower each, the consequences to the natural communities would be dire. Habitats would change, animal populations would suffer, the overall health of the ecosystem would decline. Even the visitors' park experience would be affected. Individuals wishing to collect plants or animals for scientific or educational purposes must first obtain a Scientific Collection Permit.
Remember, take only photographs, leave only footprints.
New Discoveries
Plants with only One Known Occurrence in Maryland are called OKOs for short. An effort to update and survey for certain OKOs has been undertaken with some excellent results. Two highlights from this effort are the discovery of the second populations for both the flatstem spikerush (Eleocharis compressa Sull.) and Short's hedgehyssop (Gratiola viscidula Pennell). Both species are considered Endangered. These recent discoveries will do nothing to change their current level of State protection for these species, but from a conservation stand point it is always good to have all your ecological eggs in more than one basket. Additional populations may allow for genetic diversity, tolerance to slightly different environmental factors, and provide a back-up plan. Another way to think of this is that if something unpreventable happened at one site there is at least one other location where each of these species is known.
Upcoming Events
October 14, 2011 - Fall MD Home and Garden Show.
MD Wildlife and Heritage Biologist Kerry Wixted will present Wildscaping: Creating and Maintaining Backyard Wildlife Habitat. 11:30am at the Home and Garden Theater.
October 17 & 24, 2011 – Project WILD training at Oregon Ridge Nature Center.
11:30 am – 1:30 pm.
Learn how to integrate lessons on the environment and conservation into existing curricula. This 2-day training is free and comes with a Project WILD manual.
October 24, 2011 – A Tour of Poplar Island in the Chesapeake Bay.
Sponsored by the Society for Ecological Restoration International Mid-Atlantic Chapter, this field trip explores the newly restored island that has become "a national model for habitat restoration". Take a brief boat ride to the island and tour this 1000+ acre site as it is restored to tidal wetlands and upland forests and meadows. Tour guides include restoration staff from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the MD Environmental Service. Space is limited. 9am – noon. Registration fee required ($10 for members, $25 for non-members). For more information on the trip, email Megan D'Arcy or call 410-827-9756 ext. 163. For more information on the restoration effort, click here.
MD Natural Heritage Program
Photo Credits:
Green Treefrog: Kerry Wixted
Seaside Dragonlet: Kerry Wixted
Scarlet Tanager: George Jett
American Lotus: Kerry Wixted
Baltimore Checkerspot on Yarrow: P. Durkin
Dan's Mountain WMA: P. Stango
Skimmer Island and the Rt. 50 Bridge: CB-NERR
Black Skimmer. Credit: D. Bales
Royal Terns. Credit: D. Brinker
Pipes carrying dredged material: D. Brinker.
Skimmer Island, 2009. Credit: NAIP Imagery
Skimmer Island, March 2011, during restoration: R. Jesien
Short's hedgehyssop: B. Harms
Martin Mt. Sandstone Glade, R.H. Wiegand
Piney Reservoir, Garrett County, MD: David Kazyak
Sunrise on Assateague: R.H. Wiegand
Plants and Wildlife
- Natural Heritage Program
- Guide to Marylands Natural Areas
- Maryland Natural Areas News
- Maryland Wildlife Lists
- Rare, Threatened & Endangered Species
- Rare, Threatened & Endangered Plants
- Rare, Threatened & Endangered Animals
- Baltimore Checkerspot Recovery Team
- Natural Plant Communities
- Invasive and Exotic Species
- 2015 Maryland Statewide Action Plan Revision
- Game Mammals
- Game Birds
- Wildlife Problems?
- Digital Data & Products
- Environmental Review
- Birding in Maryland
- The Migratory Bird Treaty Act
- Maryland Naturalist Organizations
- Maryland Master Naturalist Training
- Contact Us


text: The math department hosts a variety of activities each week, ranging from regularly scheduled seminars to yearly inter-departmental competitions. To find out more about various activities around the department, follow the links on the left navigation panel. You should also keep your eyes peeled on the events calendar to learn about upcoming events.


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Indianapolis Colts vs Jacksonville Jaguars Prop Picks at Bet Any Sports Sportsbook
- Updated: November 8, 2012
BetAnySports.com is back with another great set of NFL betting props for the NFL Network's Thursday Night Football. Join us for the Jacksonville Jaguars vs. Indianapolis Colts prop picks for this AFC South duel at EverBank Field.
Andrew Luck Over 22.5 Pass Completions (-115): It is clear that Luck is the man that is going to have to put this team on his back and lead it to victory every single week. There isn't much of a situation where the rookie won't throw the football, and he is truly playing like a 10-year veteran out there. The Stanford product has completed 26 and 30 passes over the course of his last two games, and he has at least 22 completions in all but two of his starts this year. He's only getting better, and if he throws the ball 46 times like he did against the Jaguars in Week 3, there is no doubt in our minds that he is going to complete at least 25 passes, not the 22 that he completed against the Jags a month and a half ago. Luck has significantly more experience now, and he is ready to take Jacksonville by storm.
Dwayne Allen Over 3.5 Receptions (-135): Allen is the only healthy pass catching tight end that the Colts have to offer, and whereas it was supposed to be TE Coby Fleener that got all of the looks this year, it has been Allen that has picked up the slack. The rookie has caught 10 of the 12 targets that have come his way over the course of the last two weeks with Luck's college roommate out of the fold, and against a team that has a sieve of a defense, especially in the middle at the linebacker positions, there is no reason to think that Allen won't be able to poke free and get at least four catches. This could be a relatively easy NFL prop to bet tonight, knowing that Luck absolutely loves throwing the ball down the middle of the field to his big tight ends.
Blaine Gabbert Under 215.5 Passing Yards (+100): It's a tough call to make, knowing that Gabbert is one of the worst quarterbacks in the league, but it is even more tough to make because the number is just so low. The first time these two teams met, the Missouri Tiger had 155 yards through the air, 80 of which came on a single pass to WR Cecil Shorts. Granted, over the course of the last two games, with RB Maurice Jones-Drew out of the fold, Gabbert has thrown the ball 49 and 38 times respectively, and he has completed 27 passes in each of those two games. But, we do have to remember that in the end, this is still a man that has just 158.4 passing yards per game in his career, and that number probably isn't going to ultimately get a whole heck of a lot better on Thursday night under the lights against a budding defense.
Josh Scobee Over 6.5 Points (+100): Why? Because Scobee always seems to find a way to beat the crap out of the Colts! Scobee only has 14 field goals all year long in nine games, and his team doesn't always end up scoring touchdowns in every game, so it is going to take at least 13 points on the board (or nine via field goals) to get Scobee to this number. Still, against Indy in Week 3, Scobee very predictably had three field goals and three PATs, accounting for his second best scoring game of the year with 10 points. Against Indianapolis in 16 games in his career, Scobee has gone 30-of-39 on field goals and 31-of-31 on extra points. That's an average of 7.6 points per game and is certainly good enough for us to want to back him to make at least two field goals more often than not in this one.
Aaron Ryan
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YUMA, AZ - Yuma Sector Border Patrol agents arrested three individuals for illegally entering the United States Saturday, also learning that one was a sex offender.
After agents checked the records of the people they apprehended near County 17th Street and the Colorado River, they learned one had an extensive criminal history, according to a news release.
The crimes included sexual conduct with a minor under 13, controlled substance violations and a previous deportation from the United States.
Officials used the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System to help identify the man.
The IAFIS is a tool that helps officials to quickly identify individuals with criminal histories.