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"What do you mean you don't water your grapes?!"
Is a phrase we hear a lot when we tell people we are dry farmers. For those unfamiliar with dry farming, we understand the common shock and awe that people often express when they learn just what dry farming is. Since dry farming is a staple of our vineyard and our wines, we wanted to talk more about it to help people understand just what it means and why it matters so much to us here at Bella Luna Estate Winery.
Below is an interview with the winemakers, Kevin Healey and Sherman Smoot, all about dry farming.
For those who are more unfamiliar, what is dry farming?
Sherman: Dry farming means we don't irrigate the vineyard; we let Mother Nature rain on it instead. Even more importantly, by dry farming we are trying to conserve water and be a water-friendly winery.
Why did Bella Luna choose dry farming versus more traditional methods, like irrigation?
Kevin: I think it makes for more interesting wines with more minerals and earthy content. It means wines with lots of earth and sun and light.
How does dry farming impact the vineyard?
Kevin: Dry farming is a challenge because every year is going to be different, according to the weather and rainfall. If you have a wet year you'll have more grapes with less character, but with dry years you will hopefully have a lot of character but not as much wine [laughing]. It makes more interesting wine and every year is different.
Sherman: The grapes are smaller and the skins are thicker and since a major part of the varietal character is in the skin, we get more intense fruit characteristics in our wine from our dry farmed grapes.
How does dry farming impact the wine?
Kevin: If you're irrigating grapes you are going to have big, plump grapes that are consistent, but with dry farming you get smaller, different fruit that makes for more concentrated wines.
Sherman: We get more intense fruit, because the roots go so deep causing them to pick up trace minerals from the earth, meaning we get more unique, mineral characteristics in the wine.
What are some of the positives you've seen with dry farming?
Kevin: You can walk around your vineyard and you don't have to duck under pipes and things and manuever around drip lines everywhere [laughing]. Also, you get better looking vines when they are head trained and "au naturel." Every vine is different and has its own character. Pruning is cool with dry farming, because every vine is like a sculpture, with individual identities and has to be pruned accordingly.
Sherman: No water bill [laughing]. We don't have to worry about drip or irrigation and we don't have to worry about our well going dry.
What are some of the challenges with dry farming?
Sherman: Well, you are dependent on rain and Mother Nature. We don't get the tonnage per acre that a wet farmer would, but what we do get is higher quality fruit.
Describe dry farming in three words.
Kevin: Unique, intense flavors.
Sherman: Quality, Mother Nature.
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Normal by Graeme Cameron
on sale March 31, 2015
order from: BAM | B & N | Indiebound | Amazon
Here's something that's definitely not normal: a serial killer as a sort of bumbling hero. Maybe "hero" is too strong, but the unnamed protagonist in British author Cameron's debut is, outside of kidnapping and murdering girls, darkly funny and even likable. His lifelong killing spree kicked off when he took out his bad dad, and now he's moved on to prostitutes and other girls, sometimes killing them and burying them in the woods, sometimes keeping them in a cage on his property. Add in some real, non-sociopathic feelings about a few of his victims, plus cops circling about a disappeared hooker, and you've got one strange story on your hands.
Erica regarded her new cellmate with a mixture of elation and disdain. Whilst a problem shared is a problem halved, she clearly wasn't overjoyed at the prospect of sharing hers with a bleeding, screeching harridan.
The hooker had told me that her name was Kerry. Then again, she'd told me that she was clean in every respect, where both her profession and her trackmarks suggested otherwise.
I'd picked her up a mile from Jeremy's house on a foolish and immediately regrettable impulse fueled by raw adrenaline and the sheer bloody-minded need to catch something, so to speak. She'd directed me to a remote riverside picnic area on the south side of the city, and had been only too eager to jump into the back of the van, the false promise of mattresses and pillows offering a welcome relief from the repeated prod of a gearlever in the sternum.
Until that point, this, in a nutshell, was the reason I never interfere with ladies of the night: it's just too damn easy. It's a game for impotents and bed-wetters. These women queue up to get in the car with you, for Christ's sake. They actually expect you to take them somewhere dark. That they exercise free will in putting themselves in harm's way only makes obligingly slaughtering them all the more cowardly.
What are you reading?
Endangered by C.J. Box
Putnam • $26.95 • ISBN 9780399160776
on sale March 10, 2015
order from: BAM | B & N | Indiebound | Amazon
Fans of best-selling author C.J. Box expect a lot of action and suspense, delivered in clear prose and paced expertly. The author has won a number of awards for his satisfying high-country thrillers, including the Edgar for Best Novel (Blue Heaven, 2009), but his 15th Joe Pickett novel, Endangered, is a cut above. It's darker, tighter and proof that even though Box's a seasoned thriller writer, he's still a writer to watch.
Joe is out surveying a field of massacred, engangered sage grouse when he gets a call about a woman found in a ditch. She's alive, but badly beaten. The victim is Joe's adopted daughter, April, who ran off with a rodeo rider in Stone Cold. Joe's ready to hunt down the rider—until an anonymous tip points Joe toward survivalist Tilden Cudmore as April's abductor. All this is going down when Joe's old pal Nate Romanowski, who has just been released from prison, is found dead. And the twists just keep coming.
Blunt force trauma.
The very words were brutal in and of themselves, Joe thought as he and Marybeth trailed April's gurney down the hallway. He could hear the helicopter approaching outside, hovering over the helipad on the roof of the hospital.
April was bundled up and he couldn't see her face. He wasn't sure he wanted to. Joe was grateful Marybeth had positively identified her earlier.
He was unnerved by the number of suspended plastic packets that dripped fluids into tubes that snaked beneath the sheets. An orderly rolled a monitor on wheels alongside the gurney. Her body looked small and frail beneath the covers, and she didn't respond when the orderlies secured her to the gurney with straps.
Joe reached down and squeezed her hand through the blankets. It was supple, but there was no pressure back.
"Let me know how it goes," Joe said to Marybeth, raising his voice so as to be heard over the wash of the rotors.
"Of course," she said, pulling him close one last time before she left. Her eyes glistened with tears.
Joe watched as the gurney was hoisted into the helicopter. A crew member reached down from the hatch and helped Marybeth step up inside. Seconds, later, the door was secured and the helicopter lifted.
Joe clamped his hat tight on his head with his right hand and silently asked God to save April, because she'd suffered enough in her short life, and to give Marybeth the strength to carry on.
What are you reading?
Till now, Judith Flanders has confined herself solely to nonfiction as one of the foremost social historians of the Victorian era and the best-selling author of The Invention of Murder and The Victorian City. With her debut crime novel, Flanders takes on the cutthroat publishing industry and spices it up with a bit of that Victorian-style macabre.
Chosen by librarians for the February 2015 Library Reads list, A Murder of Magpies is a darkly funny romp that takes readers between London and Paris in pursuit of a potentially libelous manuscript.
But how did Flanders make the leap from Victorian crime to contemporary crime fiction? As she reveals in a guest blog post, it's just more fun. (And now we know never to get on Flanders' bad side . . .)
Fiction has some definite advantages over nonfiction. I've been writing nonfiction for nearly 20 years now, specializing in Victorian Britain. I truly can't complain: It's a great job. As with every job, though, there are some days that are just a slog. At one point I was writing about a fire along the river Thames in 1861, and I wanted to incorporate an eyewitness' description of seeing the fire from a train. To do that, I needed to say where his train was heading. It took me nearly a week in the library to find that out. Even though it was one of those boring little details that nobody reading my book would care about, still, I had to get it right.
If I had been writing a novel, I grumped to myself, I could have just made it up. And then I bumped into an ex-colleague in the library, someone I'd worked with years before. And I remembered how much I disliked her. (The feeling, I believe, is mutual.) So, to relieve the boredom of researching trains, I began to imagine ways of killing her. From making up train stations, to making up murder methods, I moved on to just making things up.
And before I knew it, I'd started to write a crime novel. Sam Clair is an editor in a publishing house. I worked in publishing for 17 years, and publishing is full of people that belong in a novel. The 20-something editor who thinks he knows everything? Check. The last remaining Goth in Britain, who loves commercial women's fiction? Double-check. And of course then there's the general murder and mayhem. After all, there isn't an author alive who hasn't wanted to murder her editor, and vice-versa.
With my nonfiction hat on, I wrote a book on 19th-century murder and how real-life crimes were used for entertainment purposes: Where today we have films about the Boston strangler or whatever, they had plays and novels and even puppet shows. What struck me was that real-life murder was, on the whole, not very interesting. Thug A hits Thug B over the head, fighting over a few pounds. Thug B dies. That was the pattern, over and over.
Crime was dull. Crime fiction, however, now that was fabulous. From Dickens to Dracula, authors everywhere found themselves invigorated by these very ordinary, very ugly events. They took the dull stuff—Thug A, a railway station, a fire—and turned it into magic.
Publishing can be dull, too. Like a lot of glamorous jobs, on a day-to-day level it's often just paperwork: admin and schedules and budgets. But if you make things up, you can liberate the routine, turn it into magic, too.
So I decided that I'd give myself a break from researching train stations, or even Thugs A and B. Instead I would take the ridiculousness that is publishing, and the magic that is making things up, and see what happened.
Thank you so much, Judith! Readers, A Murder of Magpies goes on sale tomorrow!
Order from: BAM | B & N | Indiebound | Amazon
Judith Flanders author photo by Clive Barda.
Actor, writer and onetime Oscar host James Franco has been tapped to star in TV streaming service Hulu's adaptation of 11/22/63 by Stephen King. Franco will play Jake Epping, an unassuming high school teacher who travels back in time to kill Lee Harvey Oswald.
King has an executive producer credit for the adaptation, which was optioned by J.J. Abrams' production company and will air as a nine-part "limited series." This is the highest profile original program to date for Hulu, which has yet to have a breakout hit like Netflix's "House of Cards" or "Orange Is the New Black." Though previous adaptations of King's work are definitely hit or miss, they're always high profile, and the hook of 11/22/63 is an attention-grabber. Will you watch it?
Paula Hawkins has something to smile about. Her novel, The Girl on the Train, will top this week's New York Times bestseller list. That's quite a feat for any author, let alone an unknown: This is the first time that a debut novel* has made the #1 spot in its first week on sale since Elizabeth Kostova's The Historian was published in 2005. According to the publishers, Riverhead, more than 300,000 copies are in print, and the book is being sold at unconventional retail outlets, including Urban Outfitters.
We weren't surprised to hear that the unexpected twists and turns of The Girl on the Train got readers buzzing—they definitely had our editors intrigued. In her BookPage interview, Hawkins talked about the difficulty of surprising readers with twists that still manage to function as an "ah-ha" moment.
"It's all about feeding tiny pieces of information, but hopefully keeping them slightly ambivalent. You have to have different people see different things in different ways, and hold back particular pieces of information," she explains.
Hawkins is hard at work on another book, although it is quite likely that touring for The Girl on the Train will be keeping her busy for the next several weeks—she'll be appearing at Nashville's own Parnassus Books on February 8.
Have you picked up The Girl on the Train yet?
*Hawkins has published other novels under a pseudonym—we're betting they are on the way to the printers as we speak.
One Step Too Far by Tina Seskis
Morrow • $25.99 • ISBN 9781616954765
on sale January 27, 2015
pre-order: BAM | B & N | Indiebound | Amazon
Right off the bat, this debut from British writer Seskis displays impressive control and pacing. Hints are doled out at just the right time, with Seskis' excellent prose keeping her reader's attention.
Emily has run away from her husband and children and started a new life as "Cat." But Seskis isn't so careless as to allow the reader to pass judgement on this abandonment; rather, she jumps back and forth in Emily/Cat's story, as well as in the story of her parents', to reveal what's really going on. One of the first elements of the mystery that readers learn is that Emily/Cat has (had?) a twin, named Caroline, who was wholly unexpected to her pregnant mother:
The doctor tried again. "Congratulations, Mrs. Brown, you're soon to be the mother of twins. You have a second baby to deliver."
"What d'you mean?" she'd screamed. "I've had my bloody baby."
Now she lay there in shock and all she could think was that she didn't want two babies, she only wanted one, she only had one crib, one pram, one set of baby clothes, one life prepared.
Frances was a planner by nature. She didn't like surprises, certainly not ones this momentous, and apart from anything else she felt far too exhausted to give birth again—the first birth may have been quick, but it had been fierce and traumatic and nearly three weeks ahead of schedule. She shut her eyes and wondered when Andrew would arrive. She hadn't been able to get him at his office, he'd been out at a meeting apparently, and once the contractions had quicked to every minute and a half she'd known her only option was to call an ambulance.
So her first baby arrived in a gush of red and a gash of loneliness—and now she was being told to deliver a second and still her husband was absent. Andrew hadn't seemed too keen on having one baby, so God knows what he'd think of this development. She started sobbing, noisy snot-filled gulps that rang through the little hospital.
"Mrs. Brown, will you control yourself!" the midwife said. Frances loathed her, with her mean features and squeaky, grating voice—what was she even doing in this job, she thought bitterly, she'd suck the air out of any situation, even the beauty of birth, like a malevolent pair of bellows.
"Can I see my baby?" Frances said. "I haven't even seen her yet."
"She's being checked. Just concentrate on this one."
"I don't want to concentrate on this one. I want my real baby. Give me my real baby." She was screeching now. The midwife got the gas and air and held it over Frances's face, pressing hard. Frances gagged and finally stopped screaming, and as she quieted the fight went out of her and something in her died, there on that hospital bed.
One Step Too Far goes on sale in a few weeks. Think you'll check it out?
Merry Christmas! Thought today might be a good time to let Stephen King's millions of readers (a group I've been a member of since my tweens) know that the unstoppable, prolific author (seriously, has anyone considered putting King and Joyce Carol Oates in a write-off?) has a new book, Finders Keepers, coming in June 2015. And it stars the same "winning trio" of detectives he introduced in his June 2014 release, Mr. Mercedes.
Another return to theme for King: The novel's antagonist is a "vengeful reader" who is upset that his favorite author, the Salinger-like John Rothstein, is no longer writing books. Shades of Misery, anyone?
Author photo by Sean Leonard.
The Bishop's Wife by Mette Ivie Harrison
Soho Crime • $26.95 • ISBN 9781616954765
on sale December 30, 2014
pre-order: BAM | B & N | Indiebound | Amazon
It's not often that the wife of a Mormon bishop acts as an amateur sleuth in contemporary crime fiction, but Linda Wallheim finds herself wrapped up in a woman's disappearance in The Bishop's Wife, which was inspired by an actual crime and written by practicing Mormon Mette Ivie Harrison. Linda's search leads her to question her church's troubling patriarchal structure and secrecy, and themes such as gender roles, the pressures and expectations of motherhood and the limitations of faith and religion surround the central mystery.
The press conference with the Westons appeared on local television (on Mormon church-owned KSL, of all stations) at noon the next day. The two parents stood together in a picture of marital harmony in front of their local church, which looked much the same as ours. Aaron Weston did most of the speaking, as he had at our house. Kurt was at work, and I was sure he was fielding plenty of calls there, but within minutes of the end of the conference, I had to deal with the frightened women of the ward who suddenly thought Jared Helm was a danger to them.
The truth was, Jared Helm wasn't a danger to anyone, except perhaps his own daughter. The real danger to the women in the ward was the same danger they had faced yesterday and the day before that, and ever since they were married: their own husbands.
What are you reading today?
The year's best mysteries and thrillers took us from 1970s Atlanta to 1880s London, strung us along with flawed detectives and impenetrable cold cases and left us hungry for more. We picked our Top 10 of the year, but we'd love to hear yours! Browse all our Mystery and Suspense coverage here, and share your 2014 favorite in the comments below.
Slaughter's first standalone novel takes readers to 1970s Atlanta, an era she first explored in 2012's Criminal. Veteran patrol officer Maggie Lawson and her new rookie partner Kate Murphy face harassement, sexism and racism from the boys' club police force—all while searching for a serial killer who is targeting cops. Complex characters, the realistic and retro setting and a gripping plot make Cop Town one of Slaughter's best ever.
Read our interview with Slaughter for Cop Town.
"He-said, she-said" thrillers are so popular these days, but Smith left us spinning with this conspiracy-laden tale. When Daniel visits his aging parents in rural Sweden, he discovers a web of distrust that could upend everything he knows about his own life. We love the fantastic, award-winning historical thrillers of Smith's Child 44 series, but this first-person psychological thriller has taken our admiration to the next level.
Read our review of The Farm.
The Salem witch trials continues to fascinate us hundreds of years later—but it's extra creepy to realize people can still fall prey to hysteria. Inspired by the real-life "mass hysteria" outbreak in Le Roy, New York, in 2012, the new novel from Abbott (Dare Me) got under our skin, especially with those disturbing, slightly erotic depictions of the girls' creepy seizures.
Read an essay by Abbott about the story behind The Fever.
Former Chief Inspector Gamache has retired to Three Pines—but there's no such thing as rest for beloved fictional investigators, is there? He steps in to help his neighbor Clara Morrow, whose husband has disappeared after a year away. His quest takes him far from Three Pines and deep into the mind of the missing husband, a tortured artist who may have gone to extreme lengths to recover who he once was. As always, Penny's brilliantly drawn characters are the book's greatest delight.
Read our review of The Long Way Home. It's great on audiobook, too.
Little did we know how badly we wanted a new sleuthing team! Kasasian's debut mystery delivered while walking a fine line between charming, cozy fun and gruesome, gory crime scenes. Set in 1882 London, the first in a new series introduces 21-year-old March Middleton and her guardian, the celebrated and curmudgeonly P.I. Sidney Grice. It's sharp, witty and packed with unforgettable secondary characters.
Read our review of The Mangle Street Murders.
After a five-year hiatus following a near-fatal car accident that resulted in the amputation of part of his right leg, Iles is back, and he brought Penn Cage back, too. Natchez Burning kicked off a new trilogy starring the Southern lawyer and former prosecutor. It's pure Southern noir gold: a little "Breaking Bad," a little "True Detective" and a whole lotta Faulkner. So good.
Read our interview with Iles for Natchez Burning, which also made our Best Books of 2014 list.
Ellroy kicks off his second L.A. Quartet—which is actually sort of a prequel to the first Quartet—with this ambitious historical thriller, set on the American homefront of World War II. The plot itself is pretty straightforward—L.A. cops investigate a Japanese-American family's murder that occurred the night before the bombing of Pearl Harbor—but this subversive novel goes beyond its central whodunit. Emotions are running high on the precipice of war, and it's all conveyed brilliantly through alternating character perspectives and Ellroy's classic, punched-up writing style.
Read our review of Perfidia.
Mosley's impressive 13th Easy Rawlins mystery is packed with all those goodies you'd want in a story set in L.A. during the height of the Vietnam War: hippies, drugs, radical politics, revolutionaries, etc. Because Rawlins is black, L.A. cops think he'll be able to deal with black ex-boxer Uhuru Nolica, who has kidnapped the daughter of a weapons manufacturer. With equal parts social commentary and suspenseful entertainment, Rose Gold stands out as one of the best installments in this excellent series.
Read our review of Rose Gold.
You could call it a classic police procedural, but that wouldn't quite cut it. Sure, you've got your down-and-out detective Frank Parrish, recovering from his partner's death, wrestling with his father's legacy and investigating the murders of some petty criminals—but that's just the beginning. Frank's personal demons run bottom-of-the-ocean deep, and the crimes he's investigating are worse than you can imagine. The history of Mob corruption in 1980s NYC is alone worth the price of admission.
Read our review of Saints of New York, and check out our Q&A with Ellory.
The secrets of teenage girls have never been as disturbing as in the newest Dublin Murder Squad mystery. Sixteen-year-old Holly Mackey, a student at a posh girls' school in Ireland, finds a note that reads "I know who killed him," referring to the cold-case murder of a former student at the boys' school next door. Alternating between the voices of the present-day detectives and the teenage schoolgirls pre-murder, this novel is nearly impossible to put down—a cliche, sure, but still true.
Read our review of The Secret Place, and check out our Q&A with French. It's great on audiobook, too.
Readers, what were your favorite mysteries of 2014? Share in the comments, or vote in our survey for the chance to win 10 great books.
Last Winter, We Parted by Fuminori Nakamura
Soho | $25 | ISBN 9781616954550
On sale October 21, 2014
Order from: BAM | B & N | Indiebound | Amazon
We know who the killer is (or do we?) in the new thriller by Japanese author Nakamura (The Thief), so the question at hand—it would seem—is why. But even that doesn't really sum it up, as this dark and twisty thriller dives to nightmarish depths to explore the ugliest parts of the human mind.
Photographer Yudai Kiharazaka has been sentenced to death for the murders of two women who were incinerated in two fires. After becoming fascinated by one of Kiharazaka's photographs—of black butterflies obscuring a possibly female figure—the story's narrator sets out to write a book about the murders. The story unfolds through letters from Kiharazaka to the narrator and to his sister, and through the narrator's eyes.
When reading Last Winter, We Parted, it feels like I'm exploring the minds of characters in Truman Capote's In Cold Blood or Werner Herzog's documentary Into the Abyss. It's a creepy feeling. An excerpt from one of Kiharazaka's letters:
I would look away from the butterfly. For that instant, the butterfly was no longer mine. Or when I photographed it from the right side, I couldn't capture its left side. That's why you think it would make sense to film it, right? Wrong. What I wanted was a single moment. I Wanted a single moment of that butterfly. Yet for the butterfly, that moment was one of countless moments. And there was no way that I could capture all of them.
I spent entire days clicking the shutter at that butterfly. I must have fallen in love with it. I don't know. I put it in a cage and kept it, but I was in despair over the fact that I could never completely possess the butterfly. Well, actually, it was probably despair about the way that the world itself works. Why, when a "subject" is right in front of us, are we only capable of recognizing, of grasping, that one small part we see? That butterfly was the reason I was hospitalized the first time. I don't remember, but apparently I wouldn't stop taking photos—not even to eat—and when I collapsed, my sister was the one who took care of me. Then I went to the hospital. I was given a psychological diagnosis. Anxiety neurosis, I think it was. In the medical field, I guess they like to be able to put a name to it when people deviate from the norm.
I wonder if I've made myself clear about the fact that I have no interest in butterfly specimens. I don't understand why those guys like to collect and mount them. I mean, they kill their butterflies, thereby preventing any further possibility of their motion. Which means they will never possess the butterflies in their beautiful flight . . . Do you know what I mean?
What are you reading?

subset: commoncrawl


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EXPORT Processing Zones Authority (EPZA) is all out to fast-track the industrialization in the country and promote exports. The Authority's Director General, Dr Adelhelm Meru reveals more about the institution's plans and ambitions in this interview with our correspondent...
QUESTION: Tell us briefly about the history of Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA)
ANSWER: The Export Processing Zone scheme was established in 2002 as one of the Government strategies to fast-track the industrialization process and to promote exports.
Immediately after its inception, the scheme was placed under the supervision of the National Development Corporation (NDC).
NDC supervised the EPZ programme up to 2006, when the government realized that the EPZ programme needed an independent authority to speed up its implementation. At that time, NDC had two bureaus: NDC itself, which had its own legal framework and functions, and the EPZ scheme which also had its own legal framework and functions.
In 2006 the government made a decision to place the EPZ scheme under its own governing body, as such, the Export Processing Zone Authority (EPZA) was established.
In view of this background, although the EPZ Act was established in 2002; when we consider the effectiveness of the EPZ scheme in Tanzania, we count from the EPZA's establishment in 2006.
Q: What is the difference between EPZ and SEZ?
A. The Special Economic Zone scheme (SEZ) was established by the SEZ Act No. 1 of 2006 as a strategy to implement the "Mini-Tiger Plan 2020" aiming at enhancing productivity, competitiveness, economic growth, export promotion and employment generation.
The SEZ scheme was officially placed under EPZA in 2011. The difference between the EPZ and SEZ schemes is in that, EPZs are oriented towards manufacturing for exports. The condition for EPZs is to export 80% of the products produced.
SEZs have no condition for export. SEZ investors are allowed to sell part or all goods in the local market without restriction. Another difference is in that, SEZ goes beyond manufacturing; it can be in trading, agriculture, tourism or any other sector.
Q: How big is the authority in terms of land allocated for investment country wide?
A: EPZA started with only three privately owned EPZs, namely Millennium Business Park and Hifadhi EPZ in Dar es salaam, as well as Kisongo EPZ in Arusha.
In 2008, three more zones were established; these were Kamal EPZ in Bagamoyo, Global EPZ in Mkuranga and Benjamin William Mkapa Special Economic Zone which is the only Government owned zone located at Mabibo External Dar es Salaam.
In order to ensure that the zones are scattered all over the country, EPZA has set aside investment land in almost all Tanzania Regions. The sizes of land range from 500Ha to 9000Ha. These areas are at different stages of development, some of them have already been acquired by the Authority, while others are still at the acquisition stage.
Q: Who qualifies to invest into EPZA Special Zones?
A: The EPZ and SEZ eligibility criteria are simple and straight forward. They have been made simple in order to attract as many investors as possible. The first criteria are that, the investment must be new.
Both the EPZ and SEZ schemes do not register already existing investments unless the Company intends to completely deviate from producing for the local market to exporting. Secondly, for EPZ investors, 80% of the goods produced should be exported, with only a mere 20% to be sold in the local market.
This condition does not apply for SEZ investors. It is also a requirement that the annual export turnover for EPZ investors should exceed US dollars 500,000 for foreign investors and US$ 100,000 for local investors; whereas for SEZ investors the investment capital should exceed US$ 500,000 for foreign investors and US$ 100,000 for local investors.
As it may be seen, these eligibility criteria do not discourage SMEs in joining the EPZ scheme; in fact, the threshold of US$ 100,000 was deliberately set low to enable SME operators join the scheme.
Q: What incentives do you offer for those interested to invest in your areas?
A: The EPZ and SEZ schemes provide World Class incentives and state of the art infrastructure to investors. The schemes also provide facilitation and aftercare services to new and existing investors.
The fiscal and procedural incentives lower operational costs, thereby enabling investors to be internationally competitive. The incentives are in two categories, namely EPZ incentives and SEZ incentives as follows: EPZ incentives Exemption from corporate tax for 10 yrs.
Exemption from withholding tax on rent, dividends and interests for 10 years. Exemption from custom duty, VAT and other taxes on raw materials, construction materials and goods of capital nature related to production in EPZs. Exemption from taxes and levies imposed by Local Government Authorities on products produced in EPZs.
Exemption from VAT on utility and wharfage charges. On site customs inspection of goods SEZ incentives. Exemption Remission of custom duty, VAT and other taxes on raw materials and construction materials and goods of capital nature related to production in the zones.
Exemption from payment of withholding tax on interest on foreign sourced loan and On site inspection of goods in the Zone Both EPZ and SEZ investors enjoy privileged procedures on: A One-Stop-Service Centre facility at EPZA for setting up, facilitation and aftercare services to EPZ investors. Rapid project approvals.
Transferability of profits, dividends and loyalties. Lower port charges compared to other cargo box rate (transit cargo). Accessing the export credit guarantee scheme. On site customs inspection at the Export Processing Zones.
Q: How do you see the importance of EPZs and SEZs to Tanzania
A: The importance of EPZs and SEZs to Tanzania is in several aspects. Firstly, in promotion of export-led industrialization which is key to our economic development.
The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 assigned the industrial sector a specific role of transforming Tanzania from an agricultural to semi-industrialized economy. In realizing this objective, the contribution by EPZs and SEZs is crucial.
Secondly, EPZs and SEZs are important measure in promoting exports and international competitiveness as well as expanding foreign exchange earnings.
Currently, Tanzanian exports are 50% of the imports. This is not healthy for our economy and needs to be reversed! Thirdly, EPZ creates employment and enhances development of skilled labour. Also, EPZ promotes processing of local rawmaterials for export and enhances transfer of new technologies.
Q: Is it true that the EPZ and SEZ schemes are mainly for foreign investors?
A: I know some local people have the perception of aligning the EPZ and SEZ schemes to foreign investors; others do not even approach our offices thinking that they have no merit.
This is absolutely not true! The two schemes are not discriminative, they are meant for any investor, local or foreign. In fact our statistics show that, out of the 98 presently EPZA registered investors, 47% are Local companies, 39% are Foreign companies and 14% are Joint Ventures.
EPZA's strategy is to attract in the scheme as many local companies as possible.
Q: EPZA has gone a long way since its establishment. How much has the authority managed
A: EPZA was established in 2006, and it started operations in 2007. Within the 6 years in which EPZA has been in operation, a total of 98 companies have been registered by the Authority and most of them are already operating. The 98 Companies have invested a total capital of more than US$ 1.01 billion, and have created hundreds of new direct jobs.
This is in our view, a considerable achievement. We continue to receive a number of applications from various companies aspiring for EPZ and SEZ licences. Our projections are to register over 150 companies by the end of this year.
In short, the two schemes are so far doing very well. If this trend continues, then the noble objective stated in the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 of transforming Tanzania from an agricultural to semiindustrialized economy will be realized very fast.
Q: Recently, a score of media outlets reported that EPZA surpassed its 2013 targets of attracting investments into your zones. What did you accomplish and what was the secret behind this achievement?
A: It is true that last year, EPZA made a considerable achievement as follows: - The authority had planned to get 25 big investors, but by December 2013 they exceeded the target and attracted 31 investors.
- The authority also had a target to obtain USD 300 million investment capital in 2013, but again bettered the target bringing the country capital to a total of USD 498 million by December last year.
- Authority had planned to create 5,200 new jobs last year and end up doubling the target by creating 10,200 new jobs through new investments that took place in the authority areas. -
Earlier aimed to export products totaling USD 100 million last year, but surpassed this target as well by exporting USD 105 million worth of products The successes had been a result of a number of factors; first is the hard work of the EPZA staff who worked tirelessly to promote the EPZ and SEZ schemes nationally and internationally resulting into attracting a substantial number of investors.
Two, is the government support to the authority, especially on investment promotion, allocating areas for investment and in provision of the necessary infrastructure required by investors.
Three is cooperation with other investment promotion agencies in the country, namely Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC), Zanzibar Investment Promotion Authority (ZIPA), Tanzania Trade Authority (TANTRADE) and the Tanzania Private Sector Foundation (TSPF). EPZA is now increasing efforts in 2014, to ensure that the achievements attained last year will be surpassed by far.
Q: What are EPZ priority sectors?
A: In general, EPZA promotes investment in different sectors provided the investment involves manufacturing for exports. But of course, there are sectors to which we put more emphasis depending on the national economic priorities. Currently, priority number one is on agro-processing.
The reason for choosing agro-processing is obvious; Tanzania produces a wide range of agricultural products, most of which are being exported in their raw form.
This is exactly what we are trying to eliminate now! We extensively encourage companies and prospective investors to come and add value to our agriculture products. It can be anything, coffee, cotton, cashewnuts, tea, sisal, fruits, vegetables, etc.
Taking an example of cotton; out of the 600,000 bales of cotton produced annually; it is hardly 20% that is processed locally, the remaining 80% is being exported in its raw form. Investment is therefore sought in setting up spinning and weaving plants as well as garments manufacturing factories.
Second on the list is mineral processing. Tanzania is endowed with a lot of mineral resources, that include gold, diamond, Manganese, etc and a variety of gemstones including the famous Tanzanite, only found in Tanzania. We therefore promote investments in gemstone cutting, polishing, jewellery and other mineral processing operations.
Other priority sectors include leather processing, fish processing, processing of wood products, as well as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related investments. But of course, we encourage investors from any sector provided the investment involves manufacturing for export.
What I have outlined here are just the key areas of interests depending on the Country's potential in terms of the available raw materials.
Q: To what extent does EPZA differ from TIC?
A: Tanzania has two investment promotion agencies; one is the Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) and the other is the Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA).
TIC coordinates investment in its totality and facilitates investments in different sectors and at different locations; whereas, EPZA registers investors who intend to invest in special zones only i.e Export Processing zones (EPZ) and Special Economic Zones (SEZ).
An investor who prefers to invest in Agriculture, Mining, Tourism or manufacturing outside the zones goes to TIC; however, investors who would like to locate in special zones especially those who would like to manufacture for export, register with EPZA.
The two investment agencies complement one another. The unique features with EPZA are in that, EPZA offers industrial land to investors, offers licenses which are equivalent to business licenses issued by other licensing Authorities and offer special incentives. EPZA also has fast facilitation services including issuing building permits to investors in EPZs and SEZs.
Q: What are the ambitions and challenges ahead?
A: Our main ambition is to increase the number of developed zones to be able to accommodate as many investors as possible. So far the country has only six zones which are small in size and most of them can no longer accommodate new investors.
We have for that matter planned to develop three new zones at Bagamoyo, Mtwara and Kigoma in the next five years. In Bagamoyo we have earmarked 9000 Hectares in which we intend to develop a modern industrial cum commercial township.
The zone will consist of a new port at Mbegani and a railway connection to the central railway line. The major component of the zone will be an industrial area, but will have a Free Trade Zone, a Logistic centre, an ICT park, a tourist park, residential areas and areas for other social activities.
The master plan for the area is already in place and preparations are underway to start development of basic infrastructure in the zone. Mtwara zone is next on the list. Following the gas and oil exploration activities in Mtwara, the area has become a potential to investment attraction.
EPZA has declared an area of 110 Ha to be a Free Port Zone at Mtwara port and already 18 companies have expressed interest to invest in this zone. Apart from the 110 Ha, EPZA has as well earmarked 2600 Ha for development of a modern SEZ.
The last zone is Kigoma were EPZA has earmarked 700 Ha for development of a Trade Hub and Industrial zone that will capture the cross border trade between Tanzania and the neighbouring countries of Burundi, DRC and Zambia. We believe that if the three zones are successfully completed, Tanzania will become a true industrial cum commercial hub for East and Central Africa.
The only challenge is availability of funds to develop basic infrastructure; we however, plan to join hands with the private sector to develop the areas through Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements.
Q: What are the challenges facing the authority in day to day activities?
A: The major challenge facing EPZA is lack of well developed infrastructure for EPZ operations. Experience has shown that, many investors need to invest in locations where the basic on-site infrastructures (electricity, water, sewage system, communication etc.) are in place.
Others would like to get ready made industrial buildings where they install machines and start production straight away. Unfortunately, the existing developed zones are few and most of them are full. This situation poses a serious challenge to EPZ/ SEZ investment in Tanzania.
The other challenges are erratic supply of utilities especially power and water; availability of skilled labour force in some areas eg. mining, garments making and ICT; and congestion at the port which poses a serious impediment to exporters of manufactured goods.
Q: What is your special appeal to local and foreign investors?
A: Tanzania is an ideal investment destination. It has several untapped resources and abundant raw materials for production of various products. It is one of the countries that have the most conducive investment climate in the region.
The best facilitation services offered by EPZA, availability of world class industrial infrastructures, coupled with a lucrative package of incentives under both the EPZ and SEZ Acts make EPZA an investment destination of choice. EPZA welcomes investors from all parts of the world to come and grow with us.
In a very special way I appeal to the local investors not to lean back and watch others, but to instead come forward and grab the available investment opportunities thus, take the lead in fostering our socio-economic development.


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Sacred Space: Balwant S. Hansra on Sikhism and the Gurdwara (Video)
Dr. Balwant Singh Hansra discusses Sikhism, the Gurus, the gurdwara, langar, and the practice of his religious tradition.
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© Herald photo by Perry Bergson
Hay bales sit in a field south of Prince Albert along Highway 2 on Thursday. Saskatchewan farmers now have 42 per cent of the hay baled or put into silage.
Warmer weather is beginning to help out crops across the province as hay is harvested.
Saskatchewan Agriculture's weekly Crop Report said on Thursday that 42 per cent of the hay crop is now baled or put into silage, with 49 per cent more cut and ready for baling. That percentage puts producers slightly behind the five-year average but is a significant increase from last week, when 25 per cent of the hay was baled.
So far, the crop has been graded as 13 per cent excellent, 77 per cent good, eight per cent fair and two per cent poor.
The estimated average hay yields on dry land are 1.3 tons per acre for alfalfa, 1.4 tons per acre for alfalfa/brome hay, 1.1 tons per acre for other tame hay, 0.9 tons per acre for wild hay and 1.7 tons per acre for greenfeed.
On irrigated land, the estimated average hay yields are 1.9 tons per acre for alfalfa, 1.8 tons per acre for alfalfa/brome hay, 1.4 tons per acre for other tame hay and 2.3 tons per acre for wild hay and greenfeed.
One bright spot was that warmer weather now has most crops in fair to excellent condition.
Topsoil moisture in Saskatchewan on cropland is rated as 14 per cent surplus, 75 per cent adequate, 10 per cent short and one per cent very short.
Hay land and pasture topsoil moisture is rated as 10 per cent surplus, 74 per cent adequate, 13 per cent short and three per cent very short.
Incredibly, some areas in the south are drier than normal and need moisture for crops.


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Warrior package is one of several exclusives the studio plans to show in San Diego. Find out more what they're doing with Sons of Anarchy, 24: Live Another Day, and How to Train Your Dragon 2 after the cut. »»
NECA posted the following news: As part of the 35th anniversary celebration of ALIEN, we have attained the holy grail of action figures, if you will — the first-ever figures of Lt. Ellen Ripley that feature the likeness and approval of actress S »»
Saturn 3 maintains its claustrophobic charm. »»
Say happy trails to Pernell Robers as the eldest Cartwright son, Adam. »»
Ridley Scott dips into the well for a bucket of black gold »»
S.W.A.T.: The Final Season is perfect for someone who enjoys the goofiness of '70s TV. »»
While it's not nearly as tawdry as Caligula and Rome, it doesn't clean up the vicious nature of Roman politics. »»
Check out the Movie Figures gallery from NECA's Toy Fair booth below! Many new figures were shown at NECA's booth, but the stand out to me is the Drago & Clubber from Rocky. Also, we get the first look at figures for The Hunger Games! [gallery »»
A new image of Jason Vorhess from Friday the 13th has surfaced, and it looks to be in stores in June. click for full size -Three Hunger Games action figures (Katniss Everdeen, Peeta Mellark & Gale Hawthorne) and various knick-knacks -Bioshoc »»
This winter, remind yourself that ape-men are scary with Hammer Film's The Abominable Snowman — plus, a quick review of the new coffee table book "The Hammer Vault." »»
If you've wanted to get Alien and Aliens but not the complete collection, here's your chance to get them for a cheap price. »»
In space no one can hear you scream »»
Rather than give your father a hug this father's day, give him a facehugger. »»
Not fans of the third and fourth Alien movies? You're in luck. »»
Theron sought for role of a supporting character in the upcoming Ridley Scott directed film. »»
Plus, find out the best stores to cash in those gift cards for movies and TV shows on DVD and Blu-ray. »»
Hollywood wouldn't imagine an estrogen oriented crime spree. That all changed when Angie Dickinson played Wilma McClatchie. »»
If your grandma squeezes your cheeks too hard on Thanksgiving, strike back with a facehugger. »»
Power up your movie collection with Scott Pilgrim vs. the World arriving this week on home video. Also, check the Amazon section to see the kick-ass price for Kick-Ass on BD. »»
Other names being considered include Carey Mulligan, Abbie Cornish, Natalie Portman and Olivia Wilde. »»
Crank up the car and load up the shotgun, the latest batch of Roger Corman's Cult Classics features two double features of cross country crime with women calling the shots. »»
Will a Clash of the Titans sequel keep Gemma from stompin' some alien butt? »»
This isn't Not Another Chestbuster Movie movie ... »»
Comic-Con announcement surprising considering film's mixed reviews and box office underperformance. »»
News about the long-awaited set mostly comes out at night. Mostly. »»
Anthology set with enough bonus features to leave your inner mouth drooling. »»
The Dream Child, while entirely too silly of a plot, does have a few choice death scenes. »»
Redesign of Alien also likely, says director Ridley Scott. »»
A Danish forum could have produced packaging for high-definition set »»
Aliens like you've never seen them before (unless you saw this in theatres). »»


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I set up this blog a few days ago (July, 2012) and noticed an unusual amount of incoming traffic given that I had nothing out of draft mode yet. It turns out that someone (WK Selph) had this blog registered before me and had a few popular posts. How to Build a Fast Limit Order Book was one of them.
I am not the author of that page. I don't know why that author deleted his old blog, but he did; however, the page has been saved and duplicated by the people responsible for the QuantCup. You may read the original text -- the text you were likely looking for -- at http://www.quantcup.org/home/howtohft_howtobuildafastlimitorderbook
Wednesday, February 2, 2011
How to Build a Fast Limit Order Book
3 comments:
Excellent blog.ReplyDelete
Regarding the WK Selph I guess why he deleted his blog and I'm not surprised his decision. I think it was due to ugly criticism of the quantcup initiator (Max D.) on his blog.
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.ReplyDelete
Most of Wk Selph's posts are available here: https://web.archive.org/web/20110314042933/http://howtohft.wordpress.com/ReplyDelete
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Proofreading 247 provides professional document proofreading services. The document is checked for proper grammar usage and flow. Our proofreading team ensures that the customer's ideas are clearly and briefly communicated to the target audience.
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KINGSPORT — Annette Sexton Glass experiences a "Home Going" on Thursday, July 14, 2011, at Bristol Regional Medical Center, Bristol, TN.
A "Celebration of Her Life" will be held at 2 p.m. on Saturday, July 16, 2011, at Carter-Trent Funeral Home, 520 Watauga Street, Kingsport, with Pastor Richard A. Hilton, officiating.
Burial will follow in Logan Chapel Methodist Cemetery, Fall Branch, TN. Pallbearers will be family and close friends.
Annette was born in Kingsport and has resided here most of her life and was a 1969 graduate of Ketron High School in Kingsport. She was most recently employed by Kingsport Housing and Development Authority, where she served as Property Manager. She was a member of Calvary Church, Gray.
She was preceded in death by both her parents, Roy Herbert Sexton, in 1985; and her mother, Anna Belle Jones Sexton, in 1983.
Annette leaves behind a very loving family consisting of two wonderful sons, Gregory Edward Glass & his wife, Kristy, and their three beautiful daughters, Abbey, Madison and Morgan, of Gate City, VA; and her son, Kelly Ray Glass and his fiancé, Wendy Thompson, of Eastern Star Community. She is also survived by three brothers, Roy K. Sexton, his wife, Sue Morgan Sexton, Travis Lee Sexton and his wife, Doris Cobb Sexton, and Gary Wayne Sexton, all of Kingsport; one sister, Deborah Sexton Cox and her husband, Anthony, of Lebanon, Indiana. She is also survived by several nieces and nephews.
The family will receive friends from 12-2 p.m. on Saturday, July 16, 2011, at Carter-Trent Funeral Home, 520 Watauga Street, Kingsport.
In lieu of flowers or memorial donations, Annette has requested that those who would like to honor her, purchase sustainable plants or trees and plant those in their yards or other areas so that each time they see them, they will serve as a reminder of her and the life she chose to live during her time on Earth.
You may send online condolences to the family by visiting www.cartertrent.com.
Carter-Trent Funeral Home, downtown Kingsport is serving the Glass family. (423) 245-4101


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Antiquity is an academic journal dedicated to the subject of archaeology.[1] It publishes four editions a year, covering topics worldwide from all periods. Its current editor is Martin Carver, Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the University of York. Antiquity is owned by The Antiquity Trust, a registered charity founded in 1927 by the English archaeologist O. G. S. Crawford. Its trustees presently include Warwick Bray, Barry Cunliffe and Colin Renfrew.
Heritage destruction in conflict zones provides archaeological opportunities
An international archaeological team is investigating an historic site devastated by conflict in Lebanon.
Findings at Viking archaeological site show power trumping practicality
Vikings are known for raiding and trading, but those who settled in Iceland centuries ago spent more time producing and consuming booze and beef—in part to gain political clout in a place very different ...
New evidence of ancient rock art across Southeast Asia
Latest research on the oldest surviving rock art of Southeast Asia shows that the region's first people, hunter-gatherers who arrived over 50,000 years ago, brought with them a rich art practice.
Ancient metal workers were not slaves but highly regarded craftsmen
In 1934, American archaeologist Nelson Glueck named one of the largest known copper production sites of the Levant "Slaves' Hill." This hilltop station, located deep in Israel's Arava Valley, seemed to bear ...
Finding the lost art of Angkor Wat
(Phys.org) —Long-lost paintings have been discovered on the walls of Cambodia's ancient Angkor Wat temple, thanks to the keen observations of an ANU researcher.
Distinct artwork reflects contact period in the regions
Central Kimberley rock art from the period of first Aboriginal–European contact shows iconography dramatically different to both pre-contact art and contact art from other districts.
Cod bones reveal 13th century origin of global fish trade
London's international fish trade can be traced back 800 years to the medieval period, according to new research published today in the journal Antiquity.
Researchers refute idea that Neanderthals drove mammoths over cliff in Jersey
(Phys.org) —For half a century, archaeologists have been puzzling over a mass of woolly rhino and mammoth bones found at the base of a cliff on the island of Jersey in the English Channel—most have assumed ...
Ancient Carthaginians really did sacrifice their children
(Phys.org) —After decades of scholarship denying that the Carthaginians sacrificed their children, new research has found 'overwhelming' evidence that this ancient civilisation really did carry out the ...
Archaeological discoveries confirm early date of Buddha's life
Archaeologists working in Nepal have uncovered evidence of a structure at the birthplace of the Buddha dating to the sixth century B.C. This is the first archaeological material linking the life of the Buddha—and ...
Paleoanthropologist assembles past from artifacts
In the Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine's search to understand early human tooth development, renowned paleoanthropologist Bruce Latimer has begun to reconstruct what life was like more than 20,000 ...
Prehistoric rock art maps cosmological belief
It is likely some of the most widespread and oldest art in the United States. Pieces of rock art dot the Appalachian Mountains, and research by University of Tennessee, Knoxville, anthropology professor Jan ...
The ascent of man: Why our early ancestors took to two feet
A new study by archaeologists at the University of York challenges evolutionary theories behind the development of our earliest ancestors from tree dwelling quadrupeds to upright bipeds capable of walking and scrambling.
King Richard III found in 'untidy lozenge-shaped grave'
An academic paper on the archaeology of the Search for Richard III reveals for the first time specific details of the grave dug for King Richard III and discovered under a car park in Leicester.
New light on the Nazca Lines
The first findings of the most detailed study yet by two British archaeologists into the Nazca Lines – enigmatic drawings created between 2,100 and 1,300 years ago in the Peruvian desert – have been published ...


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Boston Beantown Trolley and Harbor Cruise
- Hop-on hop-off trolley sightseeing tour of Boston
- Visit the Freedom Trail, Beacon Hill, Cambridge, Boston Common and more
- Spend time in the Seaport District, Museum of Fine Arts and New England Aquarium
- Hop off at 16 stops to explore Boston independently, or enjoy the full 1.5-hour narrated ride
- Enjoy a scenic harbor cruise (May to Oct) or gain entrance to the amazing stained-glass Mapparium
- Choose a 24-hour or 48-hour trolley ticket
Why Our Insiders Chose This Tour
Plan ahead for the stops you want to make, and be sure to call ahead to see if any exhibits are closed. This will save you the time and stress of planning on-the-go.
Recent Photos of This Tour
What You Can Expect
Trolleys depart from each stop approximately every 20 minutes from 9:30am to 4:30pm.
- New England Aquarium & Faneuil Hall Marketplace: Board at Main Trolley Depot
- Seaport District: Board at Northern Avenue at the Seaport Hotel
- North End (Little Italy/Fleet Center): Board at Commercial Street at the skating rink
- USS Constitution: Board near the ship's museum
- Old State House & Site of the Boston Massacre: Board across from Old State House at Court Street
- Tremont Hotel: Board at the hotel
- City Place: Board at the corner of South Charles & Boylston Street
- State House & Beacon Hill: Board at the front of the Shaw Memorial across from the State House
- West End (Government Center): Board at the front entrance of the Holiday Inn Select
- Cambridge Center: Board at Kendall Square T Station
- Back Bay Hilton: Board at the front entrance of the Hotel
- Museum of Fine Arts: Board at the front door of the museum
- Symphony Hall: Board at the Midtown Hotel
- Back Bay: Board at the Colonnade Hotel
- Copley Place Shopping: Board at the Marriott Copley hotel under the canopy
- Trinity Church: Board on the Dartmouth Street side of Copley Plaza
- Hard Rock Cafe: Board at Hard Rock Cafe on Clarendon Street
- Park Square: Board at Radisson Hotel on Stuart Street
- Rowes Wharf: Board at Boston Harbor Hotel on Atlantic Avenue
Customer Reviews
June 2015
The driver knew the city and it was clear that he enjoyed his job. Loved the convenience. The Copley stop is not clearly marked but all the rest were just fine.
November 2014
The staff working on the buses were excellent, interesting and very informative and knowledgeable about Boston. The boat trip that was included was very good. The Hop on Hop Off bus is great it gives you the opportunity to see the city and places you would not know about. Would recommend it money well spent.


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Caxito — The books "Hebo" and "Nambuangongo", by the Angolan writer João Miranda will be presented Thursday in Caxito, northern Bengo province, Angop has Tuesday.
The fact was disclosed by "Texto Editores" publishing house, in charge of the two literature works.
In his novel "Hebo", meaning prolonged pregnancy and launched in July of 2012 at Angola Writers Union (UEA) facilities, the Writer, who is also governor of Bengo province, will present it to the local residents.
With 198 pages, the work portrays tribal and ethnic conflict among Angolan nationalists, with consequences for the fight of national liberation.
On the other hand, the reason for the reissue of the book entitled Nambuangongo, released in 1998, follows Its depletion in the market.
The writer explained that the book will undergo minor adjustments and corrections, however, will not change its essence.


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The Study of Man: More Light from Judean Caves
The finding of the ancient Hebrew scrolls near the Dead Sea is revealing itself as one of the greatest events in Biblical archeology since we have had such a field of study. Here H. L. Ginsberg, who already gave us a first report on the significance of the finds in "The Cave Scrolls and the Jewish Sects" in our July 1953 number, brings us up to date on the results of scholarly work on the manuscripts since then.
Both Israel and Jordan have displayed a commendable zeal in seeking, preserving, and publishing the archeological remains within their respective borders. The most sensational finds of recent years, however, have been made in the northern half of the Wilderness of Judah; actually, the decade that began in the spring of 1947 may come to be known in the history of archeological discovery in the Holy Land as the "Decade of the Wilderness of Judah." The Wilderness itself is a narrow strip of very steep, broken, and arid land running between the Dead Sea and the watershed of the hill country of Judah.
In the northern half of the Wilderness, which lies inside the Kingdom of Jordan, manuscripts dating from antiquity came to light at or near Khirbet Qumran, in 1947-52, and Wadi Murabba'at, in 1951-52. At Khirbet Mird, in 1952-53, old manuscripts were recovered in the ruins of an ancient monastery but, being medieval, they do not concern us here. Those at the other two sites were found in caves, and I shall here anticipate my conclusions to the extent of noting that the Khirbet Qumran manuscripts were abandoned in the year 68 C.E., during the First Jewish Revolt (against Rome), and the Wadi Murabba'at ones—at least the most important of them—more than sixty-five years later, in 134-5 C.E, during the Second Jewish Revolt. At Khirbet Qumran, only one manuscript cave was known from 1947 through 1951, but five more were discovered in 1952. At Wadi Murabba'at, there are two "literate" grottoes.
Wadi Murabba'at
Wadi Murabba'at is a wild ravine extremely difficult of access. Both its two "literate" and its two "illiterate" grottoes contained abundant anepigraphic relics (remains without writing) of human occupation over a period of more than four thousand years—from the 4th millennium B.C.E. until well into the Arab period. The extreme dryness of the climate had preserved not only pottery but wooden utensils and cloth and, along with these, such perishable writing materials as papyrus and crude leather.
The period of most intensive human occupation had evidently been the Roman, which was represented by the most artifacts. These include coins of the 1st and 2nd centuries C.E. and writings in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin; some of these mention persons, and some actual dates, of the 2nd century C.E. One very notable event of that century was the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome, which lasted from 132 to 135. Its leader's given name, Simeon, was formerly known only from coins he had minted, while his surname was not really known at all. It is indeed given as Ben Kozeba or Bar Kozeba (Son of the Disappointer), in rabbinic literature, and as Kocheba (the Star) or Bar Kocheba (Son of the Star) in the early Christian sources. But scholars have always realized that these were mere nicknames—-the Christian writings preserving an earlier name from the time when the Jews had pinned great hopes on Simeon, and the rabbinic ones reflecting their disappointment. Only now do we know that his actual, official surname was Ben Kosbah. For at Wadi Murabba'at were found preserved from the time of the Second Revolt the following items: nine coins dating from that period; some Aramaic deeds dated in "the Year Three of Israel's Freedom" (134 C.E.); several fragmentary Hebrew documents dated by "the deliverance of Israel through Simeon ben Kosbah, Prince of Israel"; two letters addressed by "Simeon ben Kosbah, Prince of Israel" to one "Jeshua ben Galgola and the men of the fort" and another letter from a different quarter addressed to the same "Jeshua ben Galgola, commander of the camp." It would seem that this Jeshua commanded a military guard which Simeon kept stationed in this desert fastness, even as the aforementioned Latin text shows that the Romans kept one stationed there subsequently—probably to keep watch over one of the roads leading to En-gedi.
The Wadi Murabba'at grottoes have further yielded some fragments of the Bible: of Genesis, Exodus, Deuteronomy, and Isaiah. (Latest reports tell of the recovery of a defective copy of the Minor Prophets.) That they are so fragmentary is not an accident. One of the pieces of scroll has a tear which runs across three columns. The war against Ben Kosbah, as we ought now to call him, was one of the bitterest the Romans ever had to fight, and these particular grottoes in the midst of a desolate waste must have cost them heavy casualties. The pagan soldiers therefore tore the Torah scrolls and other sacred writings to shreds. Probably because of their inconspicuousness, a couple of phylacteries survived intact.
The Biblical texts found at Wadi Murabba'at (at least apart from the aforementioned unpublished scroll of the Minor Prophets) agree exactly, even to the spelling, with the Masoretic Text (our present Hebrew text), while the phylacteries contain exactly the Pentateuch sections prescribed by the Rabbis. No apocryphal texts were found and, of course, no heretical writings.
Khirbet Qumran
Readers of COMMENTARY (July 1953, p. 77-81) already know a good deal about these, the original, "cave scrolls." But abundant new data have become available in the past two years, and a certain amount of recapitulation is desirable and even unavoidable.
Whereas in our last article we were able to speak of only some forty distinct manuscripts identified with certainty and the prospect of their number being raised to seventy, we can now speak of hundreds of books dating partly from the 1st (some probably from the 2nd) century B.C.E., and partly from the 1st century C.E. The evidence for this dating—which, it is credibly rumored, has just been sensationally augmented in a manner which may soon be divulged—is at present as follows:
1. The script of the dated Wadi Murabba'at manuscripts of the year 134 C.E., which I have just mentioned, furnishes one most important piece of evidence. Next to it, even the latest scripts of Khirbet Qumran look archaic.
2. The great bulk of the inscribed material is crude leather, though there is one specimen of parchment (finely prepared skin), and also a little papyrus and three sheets of copper. There is further an ostracon (inscribed potsherd), which was not found in one of the caves but in a nearby spot of which more will be said below. The important thing to remember is the negative feature that in all this vast quantity of material there is not a single piece of paper.
3. The soft materials—leather and papyrus—all constitute scrolls. Thus far there is no evidence for there having been any codices (bundles of leaves, like our modern books). And there is not, in all this mass, a single trace of vowel signs.
To be sure, some papyrus was still used in the Middle Ages, and some scrolls are used even today; e.g., our Sifrei Torah, megillot, tefillin, mezuzot, and—diplomas. But a library of hundreds of books comprising only scrolls, and none of paper but only of crude leather or papyrus (except for one item of parchment), is not seriously conceivable after the 3rd century C.E., if that late. And the following further observations go to show that the manuscripts were in fact stowed away in the caves as early as the 1st century C.E.
4. The manuscripts of Cave One were wrapped in linen. The age of the linen has been determined by a carbon-14 test as 33 C.E., with a margin of possible error of two centuries upward as well as downward.
5. The manuscripts of Cave One were stored in jars of a type found nowhere else except in neighboring caves (where they were used for more prosaic purposes than the storage of books) and in Level II of the nearby site of settlement known as Khirbet Qumran. Obviously, therefore, the manuscripts in question were placed in the jars and cached in the cave not later than the time when the said level of occupation of the nearby settlement was destroyed. And that date can be fixed very exactly. The latest of the many coins found in Level II is of the Year Two of the First Jewish Revolt, i.e. the year 67-68 C.E.; and we know from Josephus that Vespasian, the Roman general who was soon to be acclaimed emperor, occupied Jericho in June of the year 68. Khirbet Qumran is only eight miles south of Jericho and—unlike Wadi Murabba'at—can be reached with comparative ease; moreover, Josephus actually tells of Vespasian reaching the Dead Sea. Clearly, therefore, this was the occasion when the Romans captured and destroyed Level II of Khirbet Qumran; and it must have been in the preceding weeks or months, and in anticipation of Vespasian's coming, that the manuscripts were hidden away.
But the unusual jars are not the only objects recovered from Level II of Khirbet Qumran that bear directly upon the manuscripts in the caves of the vicinity. The settlement consisted of a single large public building of two stories. The debris of the upper story was found to include what may have been a washstand and also three tables and two inkwells, and there were benches along its walls. This was evidently the scriptorium, the room in which scribes sat and copied books for the community's use.
The building also had facilities for cooking and for communal meals and/or deliberations. To the east of it was a large cemetery of about eleven hundred graves, the building and the cemetery occupying between them a sort of plateau in the cliffside. A number of caves in the vicinity contained pottery but no manuscripts and evidently served as dwellings, or as storerooms for people who dwelt in tents close by. Now, it is at least a remarkable coincidence that a notable feature of Essene practice, as described in our sources, was the communal repast. The famous Roman naturalist Pliny—who accompanied Vespasian on his Judean campaign—describes the location of a colony of Essenes by the Dead Sea in terms which fit Khirbet Qumran remarkably well. The owners of the Khirbet Qumran scrolls are shown by the content of some of the scrolls to have been certainly a community of sectarians; and probably those sectarians were Essenes.
It would be too good to be true if the entire library of this community had remained intact until the recent discoveries. Khirbet Qumran is not inaccessible like Wadi Murabba'at; and although Cave One is off the beaten track, in the side of a cliff, most of its original contents were already gone when chance led a Bedouin into it in the spring of 1947. There has long been known a letter of circa 800 C.E. which mentions a discovery of Hebrew manuscripts in a cave in the vicinity of Jericho, and Karaite and Moslem writers after 900 also know of sectarian writings which were discovered in a cave. From the contents which these writers attribute to those ancient screeds it is almost certain that they belonged to the same sect as the Khirbet Qumran ones, and the cave in question may even be precisely our Cave One. But, in any case, the remains which have been salvaged from these grottoes in the last few years are epoch-making.
Here we have writings embodying the principles, regulations, liturgy, and interpretations of Scripture of a vanished Jewish sect. Here we have parts of the lost Hebrew and Aramaic originals of those remarkable works known as the Apocrypha and the Pseudepigrapha. We have even the Aramaic original of a pseudepigraphon (the Book of Lamech) whose existence was previously known only from an old book list, but of which no copy was extant in any language. And here we have the remains of an entire library of Hebrew Bible manuscripts which are centuries older than any previously known.
Of the sect's own writings and doctrines, as also of its possession of some of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha and their influence upon its writings and doctrines, I have spoken in my previous article. I would here merely add that we now know that the Khirbet Qumran library possessed, along with extra-canonical scriptures otherwise unknown, more than one copy each of the Book of Jubilees and First Enoch in the original Hebrew, as well as both a Hebrew and an Aramaic text of the Book of Tobit.
The State & Uses of the Bible in Greco-Roman Times
As is well known, the Rabbis of the Roman Age made little effort to imitate the language of the Bible in the Mishnah, Tosephta, Baraitot, and Midrashim, but employed what is called Mishnaic or Talmudic Hebrew; by means of which they achieved precision, conciseness, and picturesqueness. Only in the set prayers which they prescribed—in the sections preceding and following the Shema, and especially in the Amidah—was there an obvious attempt to "talk Biblically." And even then there was no attempt to show off how many more or less apposite Biblical phrases they could think of and combine but, on the contrary, a beautiful simplicity and dignity—at least in those rabbinic prayers which ended by being adopted permanently. The sectarian Hebrew of the Khirbet Qumran manuscripts is much more "Biblical." Yet I do not think it is bias that makes me pronounce it notably inferior to the Hebrew of the Rabbis. Even the non-liturgical texts of these people read like mosaics of Biblical phrases, with a good deal of prolixity for the sake of getting in more Biblical flourishes; while their liturgies carry this tendency to monstrous extremes, with the result that the thread of thought is sometimes lost in the mass of verbiage. At the same time, the post-Biblical words with which their compositions are interspersed show that the living Hebrew of the time was actually very much like that which the Rabbis employed as a matter of course.
In other respects, however, the sectarians' use of the Bible was very similar to that of the Rabbis. Thus in two of their books, known as the "Damascus Covenant" and the "Manual of Discipline," they bolster their arguments with quotations from the Bible which they interpret midrashically; and—this was indeed a surprise—Cave One yielded a practically complete midrash on the Book of Habakkuk and fragments of midrashim on Micah and Zephaniah, while Cave Four yielded parts of one or more on Isaiah. Three different caves seem to have yielded parts of one or more "commentaries" on Psalms. Some scholars have insisted that these are not midrashim but commentaries in our sense of the word. Well, the one, or the ones, on Isaiah have not been published; but the others, at any rate, are completely lacking in those things which are the very stuff of Bible commentaries in our sense of the term, and which are by no means entirely neglected even in our rabbinic midrashim: namely, grammatical, etymological, stylistic, and antiquarian notes; and any number of exegetical puzzles are not even tackled. Instead, only those verses are selected for exposition which lend themselves to a completely arbitrary interpretation as allusions to current history. Take the Book of Habakkuk, for example. It is remarkable enough according to its plain sense. A prophet here actually reproaches his God for remaining passive while the ungodly Chaldeans are having the upper hand over other, innocent nations (the prophet does not single out the wrongs done to his own Jewish people!) and then waits for and receives a reply to his reproach. ("Reproach" is the word he himself uses.) But according to the sectarian interpreter, all the prophet is concerned about is the wrong which the Teacher of Righteousness, the founder or hero of the sect, is destined to suffer half a millennium later at the hands of Hasmonean priest-princes; his reproach is directed not to God but to some human party who will be in a position to protest against the maltreatment of the Teacher of Righteousness; and the Chaldeans are none other than the Romans, whose suzerainty over Judea since 63 B.C. is represented as a punishment for the persecution of the Teacher of Righteousness and his companions.
Very similar applications of ancient oracles to their own times can be cited from the Rabbis, but by them they are meant to be understood more as jeux d'esprit than as insights into the actual intentions of the ancient texts. Thus, although it is true that in the Hebrew text of the oracle which announced to our mother Rebekah that "Two nations are in thy womb" the word for "nations" is spelled in such a way that it could also be read as "magnates," no Jew would be considered a heretic for doubting whether this was really meant to allude to the wealthy compiler of the Mishnah (who was of course descended from Jacob) and to the Roman emperor (supposedly descended from Esau) whose friendship the former is said to have enjoyed. On the other hand, it is well known that such "actualizations" of ancient prophecy are basic to Christianity. It is natural to surmise that this agreement between the Khirbet Qumran group and the early Christians in making every possible ancient text refer to their own times is due to the fact that both the Khirbet Qumran sect and the early Christians were persecuted and believed that they were living at "the end of the days" the former expecting the early rise of "a Messiah from Aaron and Israel," and the latter awaiting an imminent Second Advent. For it is a fact that in an even earlier age, when Judaism was subjected to such a persecution that its early disappearance seemed inevitable barring a miracle, it produced just such "eschatological midrashim," and these were embodied in the Bible itself.
The crisis to which I refer was the outlawing of Judaism by Antiochus Epiphanes in the years 167-4 B.C.E., and the midrashim which discovered that both this crisis and the dire end of Antiochus and the dawn of a new age had all been foretold in the ancient Scriptures are embodied in the Book of Daniel. Here (Daniel 9) we are told in so many words that the seventy years of subjection to Babylon foretold by Jeremiah were not seventy years but seventy hebdomads (weeks of years), or four hundred ninety years in all, and that they would witness many vicissitudes ending with the outlawing of the Jewish religion for half a hebdomad (three and a half years) and would be followed by the dawn of a new age. And I have shown elsewhere how a much more elaborate midrash which, among other things, turned the Assyria of Isaiah's oracles into the Syria of the 2nd century B.C.E. and the haughty king of Assyria whom Isaiah denounces into Antiochus Epiphanes, has been incorporated in Daniel 11. It is safe to say that next to Halachic midrash (see COMMENTARY, September 1950, p. 283), Eschatological midrash, as exemplified by the sectarian midrashim on Habakkuk and Micah and by the even earlier midrash of Daniel 11, on Isaiah, is the oldest type of midrash there is.
These sectarians, then, were steeped in the Bible, they imitated its phraseology and meditated upon its meaning. In what form did they read it? I have already mentioned that no codices (books of leaves, like ours) were found at Khirbet Qumran, but only scrolls. It follows that these people could not possibly have possessed complete one-volume Bibles. We all know how bulky and heavy even the Pentateuch (the Torah) alone is in scroll form. But they probably did possess copies of all of the separate books in the Hebrew canon, with the possible exception of Esther. To date, fragments have been found of every book except Esther. It may well be that these sectarians did not recognize either the Book of Esther—in all probability a product of the Hasmonean Age—or the Festival of Purim, whose observance that Book enjoins. It is also far from certain that they observed Chanukah, a festival instituted by the Hasmoneans, whom they detested.
Interestingly enough, a few of the Bible scrolls are in the Old Hebrew script, which today must be familiar even to the layman from the reproductions of ancient Jewish coins on Israeli postage stamps. Even the legends on the coins of the Second Revolt minted by Simeon ben Kosbah are in the Old Hebrew script. The Mishnah does not permit the use of scrolls in this script for reading from in the synagogue, but this prohibition itself reflects the existence of such scrolls among Jews of the Mishnaic period. As is well known, the Samaritans to this day use this script alone. Because of its venerable age, it was actually often regarded as more sacred than our square Hebrew letters, so that some of the sectarian documents which are otherwise executed in the square script use the Old Hebrew script for writing the name of God. Similarly, in his Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, Aquila (a contemporary of Simeon ben Kosbah) neither translated nor even transcribed the Tetragrammaton but copied it out—in the Old Hebrew script.
The sectarians' most popular book of the Bible outside the Pentateuch was the Book of Isaiah. Khirbet Qumran has yielded one complete scroll of it, one defective one, a fragment of a third and, as we have already mentioned, parts of at least one midrash on it. In this the sectarians were by no means unique. The only books of the Bible outside the Pentateuch of which a remnant was found at Wadi Murabba'at were Isaiah and—according to latest reports—the Minor Prophets. That Daniel 11 embodies a whole midrash on Isaiah was mentioned above. Readers of the New Testament are familiar with two further instances: there is the story (Luke 4:16-22) of how Jesus went into the synagogue of Capernaum on a Sabbath, stood up to read, and was handed a scroll of Isaiah, which he opened and in which he read and interpreted a passage; and there is the other (Acts 8:26 ff.) about how the apostle Philip came upon an Ethiopian eunuch reading the prophet Isaiah and entered into a discussion with him. The reason for this popularity is not far to seek. Of the three major prophets, the Rabbis observe that Jeremiah is all calamity, Ezekiel part calamity and part consolation, and Isaiah (especially what the moderns call Second Isaiah) all consolation (Baba Batra 14b)—and, we may add, consolation in language of unforgettable beauty.
But readers will doubtless be most interested to know what light these texts shed upon higher, or literary, criticism and upon lower, or textual, criticism. Upon higher criticism, they shed no light at all. The complete Isaiah scroll, which is nearly the oldest manuscript of the lot, does not date from much before 100 B.C.E., and nobody who deserves to be taken seriously imagines that anything was added to the Book of Isaiah after that date. But for lower criticism these texts are very important. For some of them agree with our Masoretic Text in a high degree (so the first of the incomplete Isaiah scrolls) while others (notably the complete Isaiah scroll) diverge notably in spelling and grammar, and not infrequently in wording. By the way, the divergences in spelling and grammar are nearly always in the direction of later usage—just as in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in unscholarly manuscripts of the classics.
It is of course the wording of the cave Bible scrolls that interests us in particular, and it is very interesting to find that it frequently agrees with the Septuagint, the most famous of the Greek versions, and at other points disagrees with both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint. In one case where the Septuagint rendering reflects a different Hebrew reading from ours, that divergent Hebrew reading turns up in a Khirbet Qumram scroll and proves to be definitely superior to that of the received, or masoretic, text. In Deuteronomy 29:1, Moses summons the Israelites for a farewell address which runs to the end of Chapter 30. This is followed by some brief instructions and dispositions. In the received text, the transition from the "ethical will" to the instructions and dispositions reads as follows (Deuteronomy 31:1-2): "Now, when Moses had gone and spoken [wylk msh wydbr] these words to all of Israel, he said to them . . . ." Obviously more correct, however, is the reading of a Khirbet Qumran scroll, which is also that which the Septuagint translator had before him: "Now, when Moses had finished speaking [wykl msh Idbr] these words to all of Israel, he said to them . . . ." For since Moses had summoned the Israelites to him, he had not gone to them.
The Masoretic Text & Its Rivals in Orthodox Judaism
But in most cases where the Khirbet Qumran Bible texts diverge from ours, the readings are inferior to ours. What I wish to stress here is merely the fact that they contain at certain points considerable divergences both from our text and among themselves. This relative fluidity of text is just what we find in ancient manuscripts of the classics, and is presupposed by the rabbinic legislation and tradition. For the rule itself that a scroll not conforming to the standard text must not be read from in the synagogue presupposes that divergent texts are in circulation for private study; and the remarkable variants reported from Rabbi Meir's copies (middle of the 2nd century C.E.) show that when he copied for the private study of himself or his customers he didn't bother to adhere to the standard text of the Rabbis. (On all this and more, Saul Lieberman's Hellenism in Jewish Palestine, Chapter One, may profitably be consulted.) It is therefore by no means unlikely that, if the Biblical remains recovered from Wadi Murabba'at were not so scanty, they would be found not to accord with the Masoretic Text so perfectly as we have noted.
There is a famous tradition in the rabbinic sources (Sifre II 356 and parallels), about how three scrolls in the Temple forecourt were compared and the reading of the majority adopted as standard wherever two scrolls agreed against one. This tradition shows that the Jewish authorities, like the Greek philologians, realized that all readings were not equally good, and set out to recover the original text by adopting the readings of a majority of superior manuscripts. The result is our Masoretic Text, which is superior to all its rivals on the whole, but certainly can be corrected by the readings of one or another off them in a number of passages. Eventually this Standard Text superseded all others even for private study, but there still survive traces of the time when it had not yet won out even in the most official religious circles. The instances of non-masoretic Bible readings that occur in the Babylonian Talmud are listed in Rabbi Akiba Eger's Gilyon hash-Shas on Shabbat 55b; but the most notable one occurs in the Passover Haggadah. One of the passages in the Torah upon which the rabbinic requirement that the Haggadah be recited is based, comprises two verses which in our Standard (Masoretic) Text read as follows (Deut. 6:20-21): "When your son asks you in time to come saying, What mean the testimonies, the statutes, and the ordinances which the Lord our God has commanded you? you shall say to your son, We were bondmen unto Pharaoh in Egypt, but the Lord took us out of Egypt with a mighty hand." The Septuagint, however, reads not "which the Lord our God has commanded you" but "which the Lord our God has commanded us," and not "out of Egypt" but "out of there," and not simply "with a mighty hand" but "with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm." Incredible as it may sound, our Haggadah agrees in every one of these respects with the Septuagint. Modern Occidental Haggadahs, to be sure, have corrected the son's question into "commanded you" so as to make it agree with the Masoretic Text, but early and Oriental Haggadahs still have the Septuagint reading ("commanded us") even here, and all Haggadahs have retained the Septuagint wording of the father's reply. In these two verses, therefore, the Rabbis obviously had before them the same Hebrew text as was used by the Septuagint translator.
In the daily liturgy, on the other hand, they have followed, at least at one point, a reading which disagrees with those both of the Masoretic Text and of the Septuagint, but agrees with that of the (complete) Isaiah cave scroll. The Amidah with which we are all familiar includes the sentence "And may our eyes behold how Thou returnest unto Zion in mercy." It is true that the old Palestinian Amidah lacked this sentence. But the Rabbis who introduced it—whether Palestinian or Babylonianmust have been inspired by a non-Masoretic text of that grand book of consolation, Isaiah. (As was noted above, the Rabbis did try to "talk Biblically" in the prayers which they composed, and Isaiah was everybody's favorite comforter.) To be sure, the main clause, "And may our eyes behold," was inspired by the Masoretic Text of Isaiah 33:17a, "Thine eyes shall behold a king in his beauty," and not by the divergent reading which is common to the Septuagint and the Cave Scroll. But as for the rest of the sentence in the Amidah, that can only derive from the Cave Scroll text of Isaiah 52:8b. For the Masoretic Text has here merely "Yea, eye to eye they shall see how the Lord returns unto Zion," without the addition of "in mercy." The Septuagint, on the other hand, has the "mercy" without the "returning," since it substitutes "takes pity on" for "returns unto." Only in the Cave Scroll do we find precisely what is presupposed by the wording of the Amidah: "Yea, eye to eye they shall see how the Lord returns unto Zion in mercy." To which we may add: Amen.


text:
300 Clocktower Drive, Suite 101
Hamilton, NJ 08690
(Clocktower Drive is just off Yardville-Hamilton Square Road, near intersection of Yardville-Hamilton Sq. and Kuser Rds.
PHBH is next to the Twin Ponds Adult Community.)
Phone: 609.688.2788
Fax: 609.683.3291
Clocktower Drive is just off Yardville-Hamilton Square Road, near intersection of Yardville-Hamilton Sq. and Kuser Rds. The site is across from Veteran's Park and next to the Twin Ponds Adult Community.
(Please note: This location is difficult to search for in the search engines, such as Google Maps and Mapquest. Please refer to the directions below or contact the site by phone at 609.688.2788609.688.2788 for additional instructions.)
From Rt. 130 N/S, East and Central NJ: From Rt. 130 North or South enter Washington Twp. and follow signs for Rt. 33 West/Robbinsville. Follow Rt. 33 West to the 5th light. On that corner, there is a Blockbuster video store. Make a left onto Yardville Hamilton Square Road. Follow for 1.6 miles. Turn left at Clocktower Drive to arrive at Princeton House Behavioral Health.
From I-195: Exit 3B Hamilton Square. Go straight through first traffic light, and it is 100 yards to Clocktower Drive. Turn right and you will be at Princeton House Behavioral Health.
From the New Jersey Turnpike: Exit 7A for I-195 West towards Trenton. Exit I-195 at 3B (Hamilton Square). Follow directions from I-195 above.
From I-295 North: Exit at Bordentown for Rt. 130 South. Follow Rt. 130 after it merges with Rt. 206. At the light by Harry's Army-Navy store, make a left onto Crosswicks-Hamilton Square Rd. At the first light, make a left onto Kuser Road. Make a right at the first light, which is Yardville Hamilton Square Road. Go 100 yards, and turn right at Clocktower Drive to arrive at Princeton House Behavioral Health.
From I-295 South: Exit 63 for Rt. 33 West. Go to first light and make a left. Follow Klockner Road to Yardville-Hamilton Square Road and turn right. Go approximately 1 mile and Clocktower Drive is on the left. Turn left, to arrive at Princeton House Behavioral Health.
By GPS: Please enter in the street address 2501 Kuser Road, Hamilton. The facility is across the street from the location at which you'll arrive.
Transportation: Available for all Partial Hospital Programs and some After-School Adolescent IOP programs. Check with individual programs regarding pick-up coverage and areas.


text:
To the untrained eye, it's the same old Seven. To the people at Caterham it's the Supersport R, a muzzled track-car for the road that replaces the R300 at the fast end of the showroom. It's based on a regular Supersport, from which it nicks some bespoke racy dampers, but ditches the 140bhp, 1.6-litre engine for a 180bhp, 2.0-litre Ford Duratec for extra R-ness.
Maths tells us that 180bhp and 535kg equals 336bhp per tonne, which is more than a Porsche 911 Turbo. Zero to 60mph takes 4.8 seconds, so it's brisk, but just 0.1 seconds quicker than the regular Supersport. What really counts is the extra meat you get from the Duratec from, say, 40 to 70mph. No waiting for turbochargers, no time to gather thoughts, just instant chompy revving.
The firm suspension makes for a rather sweaty ride on bumpy roads, but it'll give fair warning before sending you towards the verges. And besides, if you want squishy leather and a radio, get a Roadsport. Otherwise, prepare for thin seats and a stiff ride on your way to the circuit, which - obviously - is where you'll be going. Once there, the limited-slip diff will help to trim corners into neat lines. And, at just 175mm wide, the rear tyres will feel far more playful than fat, grippy ones.
If you are James May, it will cost £24,995 for the parts, and you will build it yourself. Otherwise, it's £27,995 if Caterham bolts it together for you. That's £4k more than a basic Supersport, but still cheaper than the old R300, which had lashings of mostly unnecessary carbon fibre. For £1,250, you can have a removable weather pack, including a roof, flappy doors and a windscreen to deflect wasps. So it still takes a bit of commitment, but it's not as silly as less roofy rivals such as the Radical.
Not too bare. Not too hard. Not too fast. But still amusing, and very satisfying. Could this be the perfect Seven recipe? It worked in the R300, and it works again here. Some will crave more absurd thrills, but there's always the R500 or Ariel Atom for that. Just one grumble: the five-speed manual 'box might strain for those last few miles-per-hour on longer circuits. You can have a six-speeder fitted for £2,995, but that pushes the price over £30k. And that would be daft.
Dan Read
The numbers
1998cc, 4cyl, RWD, 180bhp, 143lb ft, n/a mpg, n/a g/km CO2, 0-60mph in 4.8secs, 130mph, 535kg
The verdict
If Goldilocks were choosing her Caterham, she'd probably settle on this. And so would we.


text:
ROB EDWARDS has drawn attention to the heinous devices which could sweep future battlefields (
His focus was the attempt by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to decide which weapons should be banned under the 1977 Geneva Protocol with its Superfluous Injury or Unnecessary Suffering (SIrUS) Project. Today's weapons are bad enough, so what of new ones? SIrUS suggests that weapons should be banned if, of those soldiers they injure, more than a quarter die on the battlefield or more than 5 per cent die in hospital, or if they cause specific disabilities or diseases.
Britain's Ministry of Defence is cautious about accepting the ICRC initiative. ...
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text: I've enjoyed a good coffee many a time. Sometimes even late in the morning. But I don't think there's ever been a time where I've sat down with a view from the cafe window like this one and lingered on that sweet smell of caffeine. You're out there aren't you! Photo Dean Dampney


text:
So, here's a new thread about my free centaur morphs.
You can find the old threads in the forum archive here and here. Unfortunately it seems impossible to log in into the old forum archive, so a lot of the images you posted cannot be seen.
Here are the links to my morphs:
EDIT: Can I link to external pictures?
ApolloMax / Millennium Horse Centaur
Aiko 3 / Millennium Foal Centaur
V4 / Millenium Big Cat Felitaur
M4 / Millenium Big Cat Felitaur
Centaur fix for DS4 Genesis figure:
Since you cannot switch off individual body parts of the Genesis figure in DAZ Studio 4, adamr001 created a pose file to achieve this with transmaps.
Here's the link to his package:
http://daz.tall-tales-racing.com/resources/freebies/genesis/genesis_v4_centaur.zip Thank you very much!
Keep in mind that you need the corresponding figures to use these morphs. Within the ZIP-file you will usually find an INJ-Pose to apply the morph to the MillHorse/MillFoal/Charger/MillBigCat plus a transmap with a MAT-Pose. Please read the instructions text-file included in the ZIP-file.


text:
Flower Pot Painting
Activity DesignerMelissa Allen
400 Projects
We love to explore new techniques with paints. There are so many different ways to paint. On this day we simply poured paints on top of some flower pots and let the magic happen!
What You'll Need
How We Did It
To start, we sealed the holes on the bottoms of our pots with masking tape. Next, we turned our pots upside down on a sheet of wax paper.
Emma got to work pouring the paints right on top of the pots. It takes a lot of paint to make it overflow over the sides.
Once this starts to happen the result is just beautiful. This was when the Emma got excited and started putting some serious thought into her color choices!


text:
Guriel — Forces from Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a organization have imposed a night curfew to Guriel town in central Somalia, officials said on Monday.
Ahlu sunna Waljama'a controls several towns in central Somalia. Officials said they imposed the curfew to tighten the security of the town.
Ahlu sunna Waljama'a forces with loudspeakers could be seen in the town who were telling the people to take the orders of the administration of the town.
It is not known why they have imposed the curfew, but there has been fighting between Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a Islamist organization and Harakat Al-Shabab Mujahideen in Galgadud region in central Somalia.


text:
Providing drinking water and drainage services is an important means to achieve social justice among the people, one of the main demands of the January revolution, said Prime Minister Hisham Qandil.
For this reason, the ministry for drinking water and drainage will be established, Qandil said at the opening of the second international conference on drinking water and drainage in a speech given on his behalf by Local Development Minister Ahmed Zaki Abdeen.
Ninety-seven per cent of the population in Egypt has access to drinking water and 50% to drainage services, a figure expected to increase after 10 years, he said.