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Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language which adds Smalltalk-style messaging to C.
Today it is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language used for the NeXTSTEP, OPENSTEP, and Cocoa application frameworks. Generic Objective-C programs which do not make use of these libraries can also be compiled for any system supported by gcc, which includes an Objective-C compiler.
In the early 1980s, common software engineering practice was based on structured programming. Structured programming was implemented in order to help "break down" programs into smaller parts, primarily to make them easier to work on as they grew increasingly large. However, as the problems being solved grew in size, structured programming became less useful as more and more procedures had to be written, leading to complex control structures and poor code reuse.
Many saw object-oriented programming as a potential solution to the problem. In fact, Smalltalk had already addressed many of these engineering issues: some of the most complex systems in the world were Smalltalk environments. On the downside, Smalltalk used a virtual machine. The virtual machine interpreted an object memory called an image, containing all development tools. The Smalltalk image was very large and tended to require huge amounts of memory for the time and ran very slowly, partly due to the lack of useful hardware vm/container support.
Objective-C was created primarily by Brad Cox and Tom Love in the early 1980s at their company Stepstone. Both had been introduced to Smalltalk while at ITT's Programming Technology Center in 1981. Cox had become interested in the problems of true reusability in software design and programming. He realized that a language like Smalltalk would be invaluable in building powerful development environments for system developers at ITT. Cox began by modifying the C compiler to add some of the capabilities of Smalltalk. He soon had a working implementation of an object-oriented extension to the C language which he called "OOPC" for Object-Oriented Programming in C. Love, meanwhile, was hired by Schlumberger Research in 1982 and had the opportunity to acquire the first commercial copy of Smalltalk-80, which further influenced development of their brainchild.
In order to demonstrate that real progress could be made, Cox showed that making interchangeable software components really needed only a few practical changes to existing tools. Specifically, they needed to support objects in a flexible manner, come supplied with a set of libraries which were usable, and allow for the code (and any resources needed by the code) to be bundled into a single cross-platform format.
Cox and Love eventually formed a new venture, Productivity Products International (PPI), to commercialize their product, which coupled an Objective-C compiler with powerful class libraries.
In 1986, Cox published the main description of Objective-C in its original form in the book Object-Oriented Programming, An Evolutionary Approach. Although he was careful to point out that there is more to the problem of reusability than just the language, Objective-C often found itself compared feature for feature with other languages.
In 1988, NeXT, the company started by Steve Jobs after Apple, licensed Objective-C from StepStone (the owner of the Objective-C trademark) and released their own Objective-C compiler and libraries on which the NeXTstep user interface and interface builder were based. Although the NeXT workstations failed to make much of an impact in the marketplace, the tools were widely lauded in the industry. This led NeXT to drop hardware production and focus on software tools, selling NeXTstep (and OpenStep) as a platform for custom programming.
The GNU project started work on their free clone of NeXTStep, named GNUstep, based on the OpenStep standard. Dennis Glatting wrote the first gnu-objc runtime in 1992. The GNU Objective-C runtime which has been in use since 1993 is the one developed by Kresten Krab Thorup when he was a university student in Denmark. Kresten also worked at NeXT from 1993-1996.
After acquiring NeXT in 1996, Apple used OpenStep in its new operating system, Mac OS X. This included Objective-C and NeXT's Objective-C based developer tool, Project Builder (later replaced by Xcode), as well as its interface design tool, Interface Builder. Most of Apple's present-day Cocoa API is based on OpenStep interface objects, and is the most significant Objective-C environment being used for active development.
Objective-C is a very thin layer on top of C. Objective-C is a strict superset of C. That is, it is possible to compile any C program with an Objective-C compiler. Objective-C derives its syntax from both C and Smalltalk. Most of the syntax (including preprocessing, expressions, function declarations, and function calls) is inherited from C, while the syntax for object-oriented features was created to enable Smalltalk-style messaging.
Objective-C syntax offers alternatives to a few 'kludges' in C syntax but more importantly supports object-oriented programming. The Objective-C model of object-oriented programming is based on sending messages to sovereign (even self-correcting) objects. This is unlike the Simula programming model used by C++ and this distinction is semantically important. The basic difference is that in Objective-C one does not call a method; one sends a message. In Objective-C the 'receiver' of a message can opt to refuse it. Both styles carry their own strengths and weaknesses. Simula style OOP allows multiple inheritance and faster execution by using compile-time binding whenever possible but does not support dynamic binding by default. It also forces all methods to have a corresponding implementation unless they are virtual but still, cannot be called unless an implementation is given. Smalltalk OOP allows messages to go unimplemented and is dynamically bound (see Dynamic Binding) but in some cases runs slower and some programmers (especially ones from simula based languages) feel that it is a hassle to debug. On that note, some Simula style programmers hate Objective-C while Objective-C (Smalltalk style) programmers hate Simula style languages and feel that they are not "true" object-oriented languages or that they are severely flawed (notably, C++ is the most attacked: for more information, see C++ FQA Lite).
An object obj with method method is said to 'respond' to the message method. Sending the message method to obj would require the following code in C++.
Which in Objective-C is written as follows.
This mechanism allows messages to be sent to an object defined first at runtime - something statically typed languages such as C++ and Java are incapable of per the current standards for both languages. C++ will be able to support messaging per ANSI Standard if the Boost library is standardized. Qt provides this capability to both C++ and Java by adding the "connect" function as well as a large array of classes that afford and support this functionality. (Also See the dynamic typing section below for more advantages of dynamic (late) binding.)
Objective C has a few features in message passing that relates to how it handles OO. Objective C messages do not need to execute because they are dynamically bound. If a message is implemented by an object, it will execute, but if not, it will not execute, yet the code will still compile and run. So for example, Every object is sent an "awakeFromNib" message... but those objects don't necessarily have to implement "awakeFromNib" to compile, if an object does implement "awakeFromNib", then that code will be executed when the message is sent, otherwise the message is ignored. Messages can also be sent to the object that implements them or to the superclass that an object is derived from. These can be accessed using the "self" and "super" object pointers. also, messages can be sent to nil objects.
Objective-C requires the interface and implementation of a class be in separately declared code blocks. By convention, the interface is put in a header file and the implementation in a code file; the header files, normally suffixed .h, are similar to C header files; the implementation (method) files, normally suffixed .m, can be very similar to C code files.
The interface declaration of the form:
Plus signs denote class methods, minus signs denote instance methods. Class methods have no access to instance variables.
Return types can be any standard C type, a pointer to a generic Objective-C object, or a pointer to a specific type of object such as NSArray *, NSImage *, or NSString *. The default return type is the generic Objective-C type id.
Method arguments begin with a colon followed by the expected argument type in parentheses followed by the argument name. In some cases (eg when writing system APIs) it is useful to add descriptive text before each parameter.
Methods are written as with their interface declarations. Comparing C and Objective-C:
The syntax allows pseudo-naming of arguments.
Internal representations of this method vary between different implementations of Objective-C. If myColor is of the class Color, internally, instance method -changeColorWithRed:green:blue: might be labeled _i_Color_changeColorWithRed_green_blue. The i is to refer to an instance method, with the class and then method names appended, colons translated to underscores. As the order of parameters is part of the method name, it cannot be changed to suit coding style or expression as in true named parameters.
However, internal names of the function are rarely used directly, and generally messages are converted to function calls defined in the Objective-C runtime library - it's not necessarily known at link time which method will be called: the class of the receiver (the object being sent the message) need not be known until runtime.
Once an Objective-C class is written, it can be instantiated. This is done by first allocating the memory for a new object and then by initializing it. An object isn't fully functional until both steps have been completed. These steps are typically accomplished with a single line of code:
The alloc call allocates enough memory to hold all the instance variables for an object, and the init call can be overridden to set instance variables to specific values on creation. The init method is often written as follows:
Objective-C was extended at NeXT to introduce the concept of multiple inheritance of specification, but not implementation, through the introduction of protocols. This is a pattern achievable either as an abstract multiply inherited base class in C++, or else, more popularly, adopted (e.g., in Java or C#) as an "interface". Objective-C makes use of both ad-hoc protocols, called informal protocols, and compiler enforced protocols called formal protocols.
An informal protocol is a list of methods which a class can implement. It is specified in the documentation, since it has no presence in the language. Informal protocols often include optional methods, where implementing the method can change the behavior of a class. For example, a text field class might have a delegate which should implement an informal protocol with an optional autocomplete method. The text field discovers whether the delegate implements that method (via reflection), and, if so, calls it to support autocomplete.
A formal protocol is similar to an interface in Java or C#. It is a list of methods which any class can declare itself to implement. Versions of Objective-C before 2.0 required that a class must implement all methods in a protocol it declares itself as adopting; the compiler will emit an error if the class does not implement every method of its declared protocols. However, Objective-C 2.0 added support for marking certain methods in a protocol optional; the compiler will not enforce that such methods are implemented.
The Objective-C concept of protocols is different from the Java or C# concept of interfaces in that a class may implement a protocol without being declared to implement that protocol. The difference is not detectable from outside code. Formal protocols cannot provide any implementations, they simply assure callers that classes which conform to the protocol will provide implementations. In the NeXT/Apple library, protocols are frequently used by the Distributed Objects system to represent the capabilities of an object executing on a remote system. The syntax
denotes that there is the abstract idea of locking which is useful, and when stated in a class definition
denotes that instances of SomeClass will provide an implementation for the two instance methods using whatever means they want. This abstract specification is particularly useful to describe the desired behaviors of plug-ins for example, without constraining at all what the implementation hierarchy should be.
Static typing information may also optionally be added to variables. This information is then checked at compile time. In the following statements, increasingly specific type information is provided. The statements are equivalent at runtime, but the additional information allows the compiler to warn the programmer if the passed argument does not match the type specified. In the first statement, the object may be of any class. In the second statement, the object must conform to the aProtocol protocol, and in the third, it must be a member of the NSNumber class.
Dynamic typing can be a powerful feature. When implementing container classes using statically-typed languages without generics like pre-1.5 Java, the programmer is forced to write a container class for a generic type of object, and then cast back and forth between the abstract generic type and the real type. Casting however breaks the discipline of static typing – if you put in an Integer and read out a String, you get an error. One way of alleviating the problem is to resort to generic programming, but then container classes must be homogeneous in type. This need not be the case with dynamic typing.
The Objective-C runtime specifies a pair of methods in Object
and as such an object wishing to implement forwarding needs only to override the forwarding method to define the forwarding behaviour. The action methods performv:: need not be overridden as this method merely performs the method based on the selector and arguments.
$ gcc -x objective-c -Wno-import Forwarder.m Recipient.m main.m -lobjc
main.m: In function `main':
main.m:12: warning: `Forwarder' does not respond to `hello'
The compiler is reporting the point made earlier, that Forwarder does not respond to hello messages. In certain circumstances, such a warning can help us find errors, but in this circumstance, we can safely ignore this warning, since we have implemented forwarding. If we were to run the program
$ ./a.out
Recipient says hello!
Cox's main concern was the maintainability of large code bases. Experience from the structured programming world had shown that one of the main ways to improve code was to break it down into smaller pieces. Objective-C added the concept of Categories to help with this process.
A category collects method implementations into separate files. The programmer can place groups of related methods into a category to make them more readable. For instance, one could create a "SpellChecking" category "on" the String object, collecting all of the methods related to spell checking into a single place.
Furthermore, the methods within a category are added to a class at runtime. Thus, categories permit the programmer to add methods to an existing class without the need to recompile that class or even have access to its source code. For example, if the system you are supplied with does not contain a spell checker in its String implementation, you can add it without modifying the String source code.
Methods within categories become indistinguishable from the methods in a class when the program is run. A category has full access to all of the instance variables within the class, including private variables.
Categories provide an elegant solution to the fragile base class problem for methods.
If you declare a method in a category with the same method signature as an existing method in a class, the category's method is adopted. Thus categories can not only add methods to a class, but also replace existing methods. This feature can be used to fix bugs in other classes by rewriting their methods, or to cause a global change to a class' behavior within a program. If two categories have methods with the same method signature, it is undefined which category's method is adopted.
Other languages have attempted to add this feature in a variety of ways. TOM took the Objective-C system a step further and allowed for the addition of variables as well. Other languages have instead used prototype oriented solutions, the most notable being Self.
gcc -x objective-c main.m Integer.m Arithmetic.m Display.m -lobjc
One can experiment by omitting the #import "Arithmetic.h" and [num1 add:num2] lines and omit Arithmetic.m in compilation. The program will still run. This means that it is possible to "mix-and-match" added categories if necessary – if one does not need to have some capability provided in a category, one can simply not compile it in.
Posing, similarly to categories, allows globally augmenting existing classes. Posing permits two features absent from categories:
For example,
This intercepts every invocation of setMainMenu to NSApplication.
However, class posing was declared deprecated with Mac OS X v10.5 and unavailable in the 64-bit runtime.
#include pre-compile directive allows for the insertion of entire files before any compilation actually begins. Objective-C adds the
#import directive, which does the same thing, except that it knows not to insert a file which has already been inserted.
For example, if file A includes files X and Y, but X and Y each include the file Q, then Q will be inserted twice into the resultant file, causing "duplicate definition" compile errors. But if file Q is included using the
#import directive, only the first inclusion of Q will occur—all others will be ignored.
A few compilers, including GCC, support
#import for C programs too; its use is discouraged on the basis that the user of the header file has to distinguish headers which should be included only once, from headers designed to be used multiple times. It is argued that this burden should be placed on the implementor; to this end, the implementor may place the directive
#pragma once in the header file, or use the traditional
#include guard technique:
If a header file uses guards or
#pragma once, it makes no difference whether it is
#included or
#imported. The same objection to
#import actually applies to Objective-C as well, and many Objective-C programs also use guards in their headers.
Objective-C 2.0 provides an optional conservative yet generational garbage collector. When run in backwards-compatible mode, the runtime turns reference counting operations such as "retain" and "release" into no-ops. All objects are subject to garbage collection when garbage collection is enabled. Regular C pointers may be qualified with "__strong" to also trigger the underlying write-barrier compiler intercepts and thus participate in garbage collection. A zero-ing weak subsystem is also provided such that pointers marked as "__weak" are set to zero when the object (or more simply GC memory) is collected.
Objective-C 2.0 introduces a new syntax to declare instance variables as properties, with optional attributes to configure the generation of accessor methods. A property may be declared as "readonly", and may be provided with storage semantics such as "assign", "copy" or "retain".
Properties are implemented by way of the @synthesize keyword, which generates getter and setter methods according to the property declaration. Alternately, the @dynamic keyword can be used to indicate that accessor methods will be provided by other means.
Properties can be accessed using the traditional message passing syntax, dot notation, or by name via the "valueForKey:"/"setValue:forKey:" methods.
In order to use dot notation to invoke property accessors within an instance method, the "self" keyword should be used:
A class or protocol's properties may be dynamically introspected.
Fast enumeration generates more efficient code than standard enumeration because methods calls to enumerate over objects are replaced by pointer arithmetic using the NSFastEnumeration protocol.
Objective-C today is often used in tandem with a fixed library of standard objects (often known as a "kit" or "framework"), such as Cocoa or GNUstep. These libraries often come with the operating system: the GNUstep libraries often come with Linux distributions and Cocoa comes with Mac OS X. The programmer is not forced to inherit functionality from the existing base class (NSObject). Objective-C allows for the declaration of new root classes which do not inherit any existing functionality. Originally, Objective-C based programming environments typically offered an Object class as the base class from which almost all other classes inherited. With the introduction of OpenStep, NeXT created a new base class named NSObject which offered additional features over Object (an emphasis on using object references and reference counting instead of raw pointers, for example). Almost all classes in Cocoa inherit from NSObject.
Not only did the renaming serve to differentiate the new default behavior of classes within the OpenStep API, but it allowed code which used Object — the original base class used on NeXTSTEP (and, more or less, other Objective-C class libraries) — to co-exist in the same runtime with code which used NSObject (with some limitations). As well, the introduction of the two letter prefix became a sort of simplistic form of namespaces, which Objective-C lacks. Using a prefix to create an informal packaging identifier became an informal coding standard in the Objective-C community, and continues to this day.
Likewise, the language can be implemented on top of existing C compilers (in GCC, first as a preprocessor, then as a module) rather than as a new compiler. This allows Objective-C to leverage the huge existing collection of C code, libraries, tools, and mindshare. Existing C libraries — even in object code libraries — can be wrapped in Objective-C wrappers to provide an OO-style interface.
All of these practical changes lowered the barrier to entry, likely the biggest problem for the widespread acceptance of Smalltalk in the 1980s.
The first versions of Objective-C did not support garbage collection. At the time this decision was a matter of some debate, and many people considered long "dead times" (when Smalltalk did collection) to render the entire system unusable. Although some 3rd party implementations have added this feature (most notably GNUstep), Apple implemented it as of Mac OS X v10.5.
Another common criticism is that Objective-C does not have language support for namespaces. Instead programmers are forced to add prefixes to their class names, which can cause collisions. As of 2007, all Mac OS X classes and functions in the Cocoa programming environment are prefixed with "NS" (as in NSObject or NSButton) to clearly identify them as belonging to the Mac OS X core; the "NS" derives from the names of the classes as defined during the development of NeXTSTEP.
Since Objective-C is a strict superset of C, it does not treat C primitive types as first-class objects either.
Unlike C++, Objective-C does not support operator overloading. Also unlike C++, Objective-C allows an object only to directly inherit from one class (forbidding multiple inheritance). However, categories and protocols may be used as alternative functionality to multiple inheritance.
Because Objective-C uses dynamic runtime typing and because all method calls are function calls (or, in some cases, syscalls), many common performance optimizations cannot be applied to Objective-C methods (for example: inlining, constant propagation, interprocedural optimizations, and scalar replacement of aggregates). This limits the performance of Objective-C abstractions relative to similar abstractions in languages such as C++. Proponents of Objective-C claim that it should not be used for low level abstraction in the way that C++ or Java are used, because Objective-C is known to have a high runtime cost.
In addition to C's style of procedural programming, C++ directly supports object-oriented programming, generic programming, and metaprogramming. C++ also comes with a large standard library which includes several container classes. Objective-C, on the other hand, adds only object-oriented features to C. Objective-C in its purest fashion does not contain the same number of standard library features, but in most places where Objective-C is used, it is used with an OpenStep-like library such as OPENSTEP, Cocoa, or GNUstep which provide similar functionality to some of C++'s standard library.
One notable difference is that Objective-C provides runtime support for some reflective features, whereas C++ adds only a small amount of runtime support to C. In Objective-C, an object can be queried about its own properties, for example whether it will respond to a certain message. In C++ this is not possible without the use of external libraries.
The use of reflection is part of the wider distinction between dynamic (run-time) features versus static (compile-time) features of a language. Although Objective-C and C++ each employ a mix of both features, Objective-C is decidedly geared toward run-time decisions while C++ is geared toward compile-time decisions. The tension between dynamic and static programming involves many of the classic trade-offs in computer science.


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By Sander Hicks
In defense of the "9/11 truth movement."
[Alternet] Editor's note: The role of the alternative press is to offer perspectives that the commercial media won't touch. Having run a number of articles critical of the "9/11 Truth Movement" by Matt Taibbi , Joshua Holland , Matthew Rothschild and others, we asked Sander Hicks, a prominent voice within the movement, to share his perspective. For more of Sanders' views, see his book " The Big Wedding: 9/11, The Whistle-Blowers, and the Cover-Up ."
No matter what you believe about who was responsible for 9/11, and how it went down, we're all amazed at how much political capital the events of that day produced for this administration: A bipartisan consensus on torture; an era of permanent war; detentions without trial; "no fly" lists for activists; the Bill of Rights gone with the wind, and a cowed professional media willing to self-censor and suppress pertinent information. The 9/11 "America Attacked" story has distracted us from the natural outrage we should feel over illegal wiretaps, stolen elections, hundreds of billions of dollars missing at the Pentagon, war profiteering, Enron and Cheney's secret energy policy.
But with Bush's popularity… Continue reading
Concerned citizens urged to respond
by 10:30 AM EST, Tues, June 27, 2006
Posted on behalf of Bill Doyle
of 9/11 Families for a Secure America and
9/11 Families United to Bankrupt Terrorism
The Situation
On June 6, 2006, the House of Representatives passed Section 525 of H.R. 5441 in an overwhelmingly bipartisan vote. Section 525 includes language directing the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to exercise more restraint and responsibility when classifying documents as "Sensitive Security Information" (SSI), which can then be protected from public disclosure. The Senate is now preparing to also vote on Section 525 and the TSA is strongly opposing this language as unwanted interference in its internal affairs.
Without the language, TSA will no doubt continue to classify many documents that are not rightfully entitled to official secrecy. Indeed, the TSA has been repeatedly warned by Congress, federal judges, and many others that it was abusing its classification authority and asked to cease and desist. This language in Section 525 is necessary to push the TSA to exercise its authority responsibly both to protect the nation's transportation system and to allow Americans and the Congress to fully participate in that protection and ensure that the TSA is actually doing its job.
The TSA maintains that Section 525 will handicap national security and that it must be allowed to resolve its own self-admitted problems administratively, rather than letting Congress legislate solutions. However, the House carefully drafted the provision to minimize arbitrary burdens on the TSA, but still… Continue reading
By Eric Lipton
New York Times
June 18, 2006
The pervasive public fear ignited by 9/11 and relentlessly fanned by government leaders and the mainstream media has proved an unfailing political profit center for the administration and unimaginably enriched its military-industrial handlers. It is now also enwealthening scores of officials personally as "War on Terror"-profiteering accelerates the fusion of our private and public spheres.
– Ed.
WASHINGTON – Dozens of members of the Bush administration's domestic security team, assembled after the 2001 terrorist attacks, are now collecting bigger paychecks in different roles: working on behalf of companies that sell domestic security products, many directly to the federal agencies the officials once helped run.
At least 90 officials at the Department of Homeland Security or the White House Office of Homeland Security – including the department's former secretary, Tom Ridge; the former deputy secretary, Adm. James M. Loy; and the former under secretary, Asa Hutchinson – are executives, consultants or lobbyists for companies that collectively do billions of dollars' worth of domestic security business.
More than two-thirds of the department's most senior executives in its first years have moved through the revolving door. That pattern raises questions for some former officials.
"People have a right to make a living," said Clark Kent Ervin, the former inspector general of the department, who now works at the Aspen Institute, a nonpartisan public policy research center. "But working virtually immediately for a company that is bidding for work in an area where you were… Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


text:
skimpy in a sentence
Example sentences for skimpy
And a layer that skimpy would likely be worn away by ordinary chewing.
Apparently, according to a new study, the literature on whether vacations actually make us feel better is kind of skimpy.
And his discussion of economics is skimpy and clichéd.
More sober minds suggested the box was a clock or a navigational device, but even those interpretations rested on skimpy evidence.
Not incidentally, he also improves any skimpy eyebrows, plump thighs or detectable pores.
It seemed the recruits were poor students who could not exist solely on skimpy financial grants from a work-study program.
Her tight panties and skimpy top are soaked and revealing.
Styron's publishing credits, though distinguished, are somewhat skimpy.
The real barriers here are the costs facing low-income people without insurance or with skimpy coverage.
Officials want tourists in skimpy beach wear to put on some clothes before parading down city streets.
She frantically tugged at the sheets and her skimpy hospital gown.
The free park brochure is skimpy but opens into a useful map.
Others wore more updated-looking skimpy halter tops and microscopic skirts with their rabbit ears.
When the pavement becomes skimpy and bone-rattling, you know you're getting close.
Nursing home survival plans are so skimpy and have such little oversight that many frail and elderly people could be stranded.
The report is generally too skimpy on specific details.
Avoid skimpy shingle coverage and heavy building papers.
No skimpy, suggestive or see through clothing will be permitted at any time while inside the facility.
We will not infer from this skimpy record that the trial court intended its action to effectively result in two distinct lawsuits.
He said condos are typically skimpy with space in the back.
Tracking the blue whale around the world: computer darts enhance once-skimpy knowledge.
However, be careful not to jeopardize the quality of results with a too-skimpy budget.
Explore Dictionary.com


text:
If you would like to run in the Student Bar Association's Spring Elections, you must attend a short, mandatory candidates' meeting on Tuesday, March 19 at 11:45a.m. in the SBA Office TNH 2.128E.
For more details on Elections, please visit http://www.utexas.edu/law/orgs/sba/SBA/constitution.htm or contact SBA Elections Chair Cedric Seley at email@example.com.
The International Law Section of the State Bar of Texas will be presenting a panel of top lawyers who practice international law in a variety of settings. Lunch will be served.
Federal district judge Lee Yeakel will present about IP litigation "do's and don'ts."
Land Use Planning Fundamentals—the ideal primer or refresher—covers how governmental regulation affects real estate and community development, and explains the sometimes mystifying terminology used by planners, developers, and land use lawyers. Hear perspectives from both sides of the development process and learn the best way to address issues that arise.
2013 topics include:
- The Private vs. Public Interplay of the R
Start your morning off with great coffee, breakfast goodies, and even better conversation with Ben De Leon, '04, President of De Leon & Washburn, P.C. His practice focuses on the areas of administrative law, corporate law, general civil litigation, labor and employment, appellate law and insurance law. RSVP by Wednesday, March 20, on
UT Law's Fundamentals of Oil, Gas and Mineral Law brings together a distinguished faculty of both academics and practitioners for a series of presentations designed to provide a comprehensive overview of oil and gas legal issues.
The program opens with the definitive primer on how to drill an oil or gas well and continues with sessions on the Rule of Capture; oil and gas interests; a four-session look at the oil and gas lease includi
The Land Use Planning Conference is a must for anyone involved in land use, planning and land use law in Texas. The conference focuses on real-world problems and offers practical solutions, and brings together an outstanding faculty including developers' attorneys, land use planners, local government attorneys, engineers, and state and local regulators.
Hear in-depth discussion on how the land development process in Texas actually wo
TMLS G-Body Meeting
Now in its 39th year, the Ernest E. Smith Oil, Gas and Mineral Law Institute has earned the reputation of being the definitive course for attorneys in private practice, in-house counsel, E&P operators, and landmen. This year's conference brings together a distinguished faculty of both academics and practitioners for a full day of presentations covering the latest in oil and gas developments.
2013 program highlights include:
TMLS concludes each year with an annual banquet honoring our members.
727 East Dean Keeton Street
Austin, Texas
(512) 471-5151
PDF files require Adobe Reader or compatible.


text:
poohcarrot wrote:raisindot wrote:And, since we're here, might as well add the "bottom five" (least liked)
1. Tie: All of the Rincewind books
2. Pyramids
3. Eric
4. Monstrous Regiment
5. Moving Pictures
Jeff in Boston
Hi Love
Isn't Eric a Rincewind book?
Yeah, I was thinking about that when I made my list, but since it's more of a parody of "Faust" than it is a typical Rincewind-runs-from-things yarn and since Eric, rather than Rincewind, is the main character I put it into its own sorta hybrid category. Besides, I hated "Eric" so much I thought it deserved its own spot on the list
Jeff in Boston


text:
Review: Samsung Instinct
Body Basics Extras Video Wrap Up Comments
Top message: There's no problems with the touchscreen, just the reviewer. by monkeyracer
Replying to: User error should be rare by giantangrysquid
Re: User error should be rare
yeah, most users don't wanna read a manual. I can see where Samsung made the buttons slide as opposed to just pressing it probably to stray away from trying to copy the UI of the iPhone and being considered even more of an iclone. And Samsung has always been a little "different." But the reviewers also shouldn't have expected it to be exactly like the iPhone which is what is seemed like. If I was trying to compete with someone and be "better" I wouldn't copy all of their ideas either. I would do somethings a little different. Then there's the fact that do we REALLY expect Samsung to compete with Apple as far as UI? Apples been at this for years. They have incredible marketing and the amazing ability to take technology and ideas that have already been around and make them popular with their own interface coupled with the fact that the majority of consumers are driven by brand name.
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text:
An investment that pays huge dividends
At a time when we are all looking for ways to fuel our economy's recovery, we must not ignore one of the state's greatest resources, our children. With new research quantifying just how much the achievement gap costs our economy and demonstrating how we can narrow that gap, it is clear that investing in education and child development for our state's youngest learners is not a choice but an economic imperative.
The San Diego region and the state's future economic prosperity rest on producing an educated, skilled homegrown work force. That starts with ensuring our children start school ready to learn and succeed. While California faces an unprecedented fiscal crisis that will require some very difficult choices about programs that affect our neediest children and families, we must not neglect critical investments in our future – our youngest children. If San Diego County and California want to remain economically competitive and continue to attract and grow high-wage, innovation-driven industries, we will need more skilled employees than are currently available.
If we want to compete in the global economy, we must continue to invest in early childhood education programs. A new report by the RAND Corp. makes a powerful case for investing in high-quality preschool for the children who need it most. RAND finds disadvantaged children are more likely to start school without critical social skills that preschool helps develop, such as persistence in finishing tasks, paying attention and eagerness to learn, and without important early reading skills. Lacking this early social and academic foundation, disadvantaged children are also more likely to stay behind throughout their school career, RAND finds. Unfortunately, the kids who need it most are least likely to be in preschool – only about half of low-income children are in preschool, compared to 80 percent of children whose families make more than $100,000, according to RAND.
The persistence of these educational achievement gaps "imposes on the United States the economic equivalent of a permanent national recession," according to a new McKinsey & Company study. If the achievement gap between low-income students and others was closed a decade ago, GDP would have been $400 billion to $670 billion higher by 2008, McKinsey found.
The good news is that high-quality early learning programs can improve school readiness and generate sustained effects on academic achievement into the middle school years. They also produce long-term gains such as reduced special education use, decreased grade repetition and increased high school graduation rates, according to a RAND review of rigorous evaluations of both small and large-scale programs in several states. A longitudinal study of nearly 1,000 children in the Chicago public schools' large-scale preschool program, for example, showed children who attended preschool were 44 percent less likely to be placed in special education, 39 percent less likely to repeat a grade and 28 percent more likely to graduate from high school.
Cost-benefit analyses of Chicago and another program, the Perry Preschool Project, which followed participants for more than 40 years, found they return $7 to $16 for every dollar invested. Investments in early learning produce long-term savings on K-12 education, public assistance and the criminal justice system, as well as increased tax revenue.


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DaKine products can only be shipped within the U.S.
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About Me Intermediate
Comments about DaKine Adjustable Tuning Iron:
Plug it in, adjust the temp setting and get to drizzling. Super easy to use, and from first impressions it will last for years to come. Smaller than a regular iron, so it's easy to pack.
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My first wax iron is the best one compare to those of friends.
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This is my first iron and it does get the job done. It heats quickly to the desirable temp and keeps an even source of heat across the entire base of the iron.My only complaint is that after my second time using it i noticed there were scratches all over the base of the iron. I'm guessing it is from the edge of the board. It's not a big deal. I was expecting that it would be fairly tough.


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Good News
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The readers of FamilyFun magazine chose Yellowstone National Park, which spans three states, as the best family destination in the country. Pictured here, the Lower Waterfall in Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.
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The readers of FamilyFun magazine chose Yellowstone National Park, which spans three states, as the best family destination in the country. Pictured here, the Lower Waterfall in Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.
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At 1,532 feet, Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park, Maine, is the highest point along the North Atlantic seaboard and is the first place to view sunrise in the United States from Oct. 7 through March 6. The park came in at No. 2 on the list. Pictured here, Thunder Hole in Acadia National Park, July 2008.
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Pictured here is No. 3: Carlsbad Caverns National Park, N.M., in September 2008. Carlsbad Caverns National Park is in the Guadalupe Mountains in southeastern New Mexico. The primary attraction of the park is Carlsbad Cavern.
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A place that's on nearly every traveler's bucket list – or should be – is Arizona's Grand Canyon National Park, Family Fun's No. 4 pick. Here, tourists view the Grand Canyon, April 2007.
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Mount Rushmore is a marvel, and comes in at No. 5 on the list of favorite destinations for families. This June 1995 photo shows Mt. Rushmore, in Keystone, S.D.
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Pictured here, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. It's a United States National Lakeshore located along the northwest coast of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.
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It's 1,200 square miles, and you may have to visit Yosemite National Park in California multiple times to see it all. Here, a visitor admires the view of Tenaya Lake from Olmsted Point, a popular destination in the park featuring views of Yosemite Valley, May 13, 2012.
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Is it any surprise Disney's Magic Kingdom is on a list of top family destinations? Probably not. Here, Magic Kingdom park on Nov. 9, 2011, in Lake Buena Vista, Fla.
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Montana's Glacier Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and No. 9 on Family Fun magazine's list of best destinations for families.
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Peek Into the Pages of Unique Boseman Book Exhibit
Download High-Resolution Photos
Thursday, June 07, 2012
The UNCW Boseman Gallery presents In a Bind - Books Designed by UNCW Students through July 30. This exhibition showcases a wide range of book-making activity at UNCW, from student-designed books from the Publishing Lab to one-of-a-kind artist's books. The pieces on dispay were created by students from associate professor of studio art Ned Irvine's ART 292: Intro to Artists Bookmaking and ART 360: Intermediate Graphic Design classes as well as recent MFA recent graduates.
The exhibit can be viewed in the Boseman Gallery (2nd floor of Fisher University Union) from 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Monday through Thursday and from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Friday. For a virtual preview, UNCW photo services has created a multimedia gallery highlighting the exhibit - http://www.uncw.edu/ur/gallery/2012in_a_bind.


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Located in the heart of Lisbon is a superb 4 star hotel, the Altis Park Hotel. This hotel is modern and offers new standards in hotel living in the 21st century. There are a wide range of fabulous guestrooms for guests to choose from all designed to ensure that all guests have a comfortable and memorable stay while at the Altis Park Hotel.
This stunning 4 star property also features meeting rooms for those travelling for the purpose of business, in-house dining, a leisure centre and swimming pool (150m away).
There are a team of professional and friendly staff on hand providing an excellent service and assisting with any queries that you may have. This hotel is ideal for both business and leisure travellers.
During July and August the access to the Olaias Club Pool has a special daily fee of 5€ per person


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Sunao ni Narenai Otokotachi MangaMen Who Cannot be Honest About Their Feelings Sunao ni Narenai Otoko tachi Sunao ni Narenai Otoko-tachi
1-2, 6)Suzuki Masami has been painfully aware of his rival in high school swim team, Kashiwazaki Yuichi, ever since Kashiwazaki saved him from drowning. As fate would have it, now they both work in the same company! But unbeknownst to Kashiwazaki, Masami is behind the reason why Kashiwazaki never gets the worms (girls). Will Kashiwazaki realize who's sabotaging his love life…? The gentleman-like, love story between two rivals. 3-5)Sekiya Takashi is a chef's assistant at Felino Felice, and he treasures his calm tranquil world with it's quiet moments of reflection. He's also incredibly xenophobic. When he's forced into the company of beautiful Frenchman Lucent Montecarlo, he's hyperventilating left and right! But Sekiya needs to work hard, because Luke is proving to be oddly persistent when it comes to Sekiya. And why is Sekiya scared of foreigners anyway?
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text: Even though LiteSpeed Web Server is not open source, LiteSpeed embraces community spirit. There are many ways users can contribute: feature testing, bug reporting, new feature suggestions, helping others configure LiteSpeed, and much more. The best way to help LiteSpeed is to participate in our public forum and expand/proof this wiki. There are many new users just starting to get used to the system who could use your help. By getting involved with each other and expanding the community, we can enlarge the help net and make LiteSpeed better.


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to verify the laws of reflection
no-parallax method
soft board, optical pins, plane mirror, protractor and a plane sheet of paper.
Draw a line to mark the silvered surface of the mirror on the sheet of
Mark a point X on the line.
Draw a normal
at X.
Using a protractor mark off an angle of incidence, e.g.
200 and draw the incident.
Stand the mirror
vertically on the line representing the silvered surface.
Tuck pins P1 and P2 in the incident ray.
Repeat procedures (iv)
to (xii) for angles I = 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 Tabulate your results in the
table below.
20 30 40 50 60 70
What do you observe? (Generally, the angle
of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection)


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Home > Ties- Snoopy > Product Information
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Don't miss our 15th annual Conference, November 3 - 5, 2014
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Innovation in Safety: Where do you go for ideas?
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Tell Your COO That Worker Health is a Business Operations Issue!
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Tag Archives: Chet Atkins
Premier Guitar Looks At Chet Atkins Exhibit
Posted: December 21, 2011
The latest issue of Premier Guitar takes a look inside the Chet Atkins exhibit that is currently open at the Country Music Hall of Fame in Nashville.
While the Grammy Awards, photos and instruments are all impressive, the magazine calls Atkins' legendary workbench a highlight.
"It's full of vacuum tubes, pickups, homemade effects boxes, snapshots, and a soldering iron," writes Craig Havighurst. "It looks like the inveterate tinkerer just stepped out of the room. It's a microlevel look at an outsized legacy."
The piece also delves into the collection of Atkins' guitars on display, including his Gretsch Streamliner 6120 Prototype.
Notes Havighurst:
"This prototype had a carved top and back, in the traditional style. Fred W. Gretsch, current president of the company and great grandson of its founder, says the model quickly took an interesting turn toward a more rigid top and back to offer a more stable mounting for the pickups. 'Plywood tops and backs with electric guitars made a lot more sense,' Gretsch says. 'And we were doing plywood drums and had been doing them since the late '20s and we had done a lot of refinements in the early '50s. So we tried out some plywood tops and backs with Chet and he dug the tone. So we migrated to plywood on this model.'
"Introducing the model just as Chet first hit as a recording artist with 'Mr. Sandman,' Gretsch couldn't have timed it better. This guitar inaugurated a 25-year relationship between artist and company."
Meanwhile, Havighurst recently contributed another piece about Atkins to NPR.
In it, he quotes Country star Steve Wariner, a longtime Atkins friend and protege. Count Wariner among those wowed by the Atkins exhibit, especially the workbench.
"I had goose bumps," Wariner says. "It's exactly the way it looked at his house when you walked into his control room."
Read the full Premier Guitar article here, while NPR's coverage of the hallowed finger-style guitarist can be found here.
For more information about the Chet Atkins exhibit, which is open until June of 2012, visit the Country Music Hall of Fame's official website.
Tags: Certified Guitarist, Chet Atkins, Country Gentleman, NPR, Premier Guitar
Posted In: Artists Blogs | Leave a comment
Legendary Guitarist Paul Yandell Dies At 76
Posted: November 22, 2011
Legendary guitarist Paul Yandell, known for his longtime rhythm role alongside Chet Atkins, passed away Monday morning in Hendersonville, Tenn., following a lengthy battle with cancer.
Yandell was Atkins' right-hand man for over 25 years, but he has also played on records from Dolly Parton, George Straight, Perry Como, Steve Wariner, Mary Chapin Carpenter and the Everly Brothers.
The Kentucky native moved to Nashville in 1955 and began recording as a professional with the Louvin Brothers.
Following a stint in the Army, Yandell recorded primarily with Kitty Wells and Johnnie Wright, spent a year with George Hamilton IV, and then began an incredible run with Atkins in 1975 that lasted until Atkins' death in 2001.
"Nobody was closer to [Atkins] than Paul," Atkins' daughter, Merle Atkins Russell, told The Tennessean. "He was literally a lifelong friend, his right-hand man and a very dear friend off the stage."
Yandell recorded five solo albums and most recently appeared on Wariner's latest record, Guitar Laboratory, which was released earlier this year.
After Atkins' death, Yandell became the prime source of information on Atkins' techniques and equipment, even working with Gretsch to create guitars with Atkins' favorite specs.
In the video below, Yandell and Wariner perform for the Chet Atkins Appreciation Society in 2010:
Yandell's official website will post details about the arrangements when they are available.
Tags: Chet Atkins, Paul Yandell, Steve Wariner
Posted In: Artists Blogs | 2 Comments
Country Music Hall of Fame & Museum Hosts Reception for New Chet Atkins Exhibit
Posted: August 12, 2011
Photos by Donn Jones Photography
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum celebrated the grand opening of the Chet Atkins: Certified Guitar Player exhibit on Wednesday night with a private reception. Approximately 200 guests, including Fred Gretsch, Atkins' daughter Merle Russell, Duane Eddy and James Burton, were warmly greeted by museum director Kyle Young.
"Chet was always a supportive friend of this institution," he said. "He was also one of country music's ultimate renaissance men, one of the greatest instrumentalists in American music history, and a true musical savant. We are truly honored to tell his story, one we know will resonate with country fans old and new."
The evening included memorable musical performances by award-winning thumbpicker Ben Hall and world-class guitar-slinger Steve Wariner, who received official "C.G.P." status even from Atkins in 1997.
Gretsch Company president Fred Gretsch also addressed the crowd, sharing details of Atkins' history with their guitar company. Gretsch also brought onstage Atkins' teary-eyed friend, Paul Yandell.
At the conclusion of the program, guests were invited to take an exclusive advance tour of the Chet Atkins: Certified Guitar Player exhibition which officially opens to the public on Friday, August 12.
The Gretsch Company joins the Great American Country Television Network as proud supporters of the new exhibit, which is scheduled to run through June 11, 2012. The exhibition will be accompanied by an ongoing series of programs throughout its duration.
For details on this grand opening weekend events, click here.
http://www.gretschguitars.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/freddinah.jpg DIna
Tags: Ben Hall, Chet Atkins, Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, Duane Eddy, Fred Gretsch, Steve Wariner
Posted In: Artists Blogs, Events | Leave a comment
Chet Atkins Appreciation Society Celebrates Annual Convention
Posted: July 18, 2011
That Great Gretsch Sound, via Chet "style" finger pickin', echoed throughout the ballrooms, hallways and lobby at the beautiful Sheraton Music City Hotel in Nashville, Tenn., from July 13-16, 2011 during the 27th Annual "CAAS" (Chet Atkins Appreciation Society) convention.
Folks from around the globe once again gathered to pay homage to Chester Burton Atkins (B: June 20, 1924 – D: June 30, 2001), better known as Chet Atkins for the celebrated annual event. Gretsch Guitars and local Gretsch dealer, Broadway Sound (Knoxville, Tenn.), had a magnificent display honoring Atkins with his signature model Gretsch guitars, rare vintage photos & memorabilia. The Gretsch Company president Fred Gretsch was also on hand to meet & greet attendees.
In recognition of a special exhibit honoring Atkins at the Country Music Hall of Fame® and Museum in Nashville from August 11, 2011 thru June 2012, Gretsch unveiled the G6122-1959 "Chet Atkins HALL OF FAME Country Gentleman" guitar at this year's CAAS event.
Check out the videos below from the event, including performances and a few words from Gretsch product specialist Joe Carducci and Fred Gretsch …
Tags: Chet Atkins, Chet Atkins Appreciation Society, Fred Gretsch, Gretsch Guitars
Posted In: Artists Blogs | 2 Comments
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum to Honor Chet Atkins
Posted: May 10, 2011
"Years from now, after I'm gone, someone will listen to what I've done and know I was here…they'll hear my guitars speaking for me." – Chet Atkins
Sideman. Studio musician. Performer. Recording Artist. Producer. Record Executive. In an industry known for multi-talented individuals, perhaps no one has achieved such a vast and varied resume as the inimitable Chet Atkins. The Country Music Hall of Fame® and Museum will pay tribute to this versatile and visionary artist with the cameo exhibition Chet Atkins: Certified Guitar Player, which opens on Aug. 11 and runs through June 2012.
The exhibition is made possible through the generous support of the Gretsch Company with additional support provided by Great American Country Television Network.
"Chet Atkins was country music's ultimate Renaissance man, one of the greatest instrumentalists in American music history and a true musical savant," said museum director Kyle Young. "His signature guitar licks shaped recordings by scores of legendary artists, including the Everly Brothers, Elvis Presley and Kitty Wells, and his playing influenced future rock gods Duane Eddy, George Harrison, Mark Knopfler and many more. As a producer, Chet was an architect of the 'Nashville Sound'; he was also a brilliant record executive who signed and propelled a generation of country artists – including Waylon Jennings, Dolly Parton and Charley Pride – to fame. Chet's guiding hand shaped much of the bedrock of country music, and we're honored to tell his story, one we know will resonate with country fans old and new.
"We're also honored to have the Gretsch Company as this exhibition's title sponsor," Young continued. "Gretsch is an important part of American music history, and enjoyed a longstanding relationship with Chet."
Gretsch signed Atkins as the company's first-ever signature guitar artist in 1954.
"Our company is proud of its long association with Chet, and our family cherishes the special relationship that we shared with such a unique individual," said Gretsch Company president Fred W. Gretsch. "We're proud to support this special exhibition by the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. We share the museum's commitment to ensuring that Chet's unrivaled legacy will continue to be celebrated for generations to come."
Chester Burton Atkins was born on June 20, 1924, in Luttrell, Tenn., a remote town nestled in the hills of Appalachia. He grew up in a musical family – his mother sang and played piano, and his father was an itinerant music teacher – and at the age of eight, Atkins began to learn the guitar and fiddle. When Atkins' parents divorced, his father relocated to Georgia, and his mother remarried. Young Chester, along with his brother, sister and stepfather, began playing regularly at square dances. In 1936, an asthma attack forced him to live with his father in Georgia, where the more favorable climate made it easier for him to breathe. While there, a teenaged Atkins heard Merle Travis on the radio; Travis's thumb-and-finger picking style fascinated Atkins, who soon created his own thumb-and-two-finger variation.
After attending high school in Georgia, Atkins landed a job at WNOX in Knoxville, fiddling for singer Bill Carlisle and comic Archie Campbell. He soon became a featured player on the station's popular daily barn dance show, as well. Over the next decade, Atkins worked as a musician for numerous artists and radio stations, including a memorable stint at KWTO in Springfield, Mo. It was there that station official Si Siman gave him the nickname "Chet." Siman, impressed with Atkins' abilities, brought him to the attention of RCA Victor Records, and in 1947 the label's Steve Sholes signed Atkins as a singer and guitarist. Atkins' initial RCA recordings were not hits, and he returned to WNOX in 1948, working first with Homer & Jethro and then joining Maybelle and the Carter Sisters as lead guitarist. He soon went back to KWTO, this time with the Carters.
When the Carters moved to Nashville in 1950 to become members of the Grand Ole Opry, Atkins joined them. With the help of his mentor, Steve Sholes, and music executive Fred Rose, he became one of Nashville's "A-Team" session musicians, recording with Johnnie & Jack, Hank Williams and others. He also appeared on the Opry as a solo act and returned to making his own records; his first chart hit, a cover of the pop song "Mr. Sandman," came in 1955, followed by a hit guitar duet with Hank Snow on "Silver Bell." Soon after, fans began to refer to Atkins as "Mr. Guitar," and Gretsch Guitars introduced a model bearing his name.
Throughout the 1950s, Atkins' work relationship with the New York–based Sholes deepened; in 1952, Atkins began organizing sessions for Sholes, and shortly thereafter Sholes began trusting Atkins to produce sessions whenever Sholes' schedule prevented his coming to Nashville. In 1955, Sholes made Atkins manager of RCA's new Nashville studio, a space rented as needed from the Methodist Television Radio and Film Commission. Two years later, Sholes and Atkins convinced the label to commission its own office and studio in Nashville. The resulting building, known today as RCA Studio B, opened in November 1957, adding impetus to the growing Music Row area. Sholes installed Atkins as head of the label's Nashville artist & repertoire operation, and ten years later made him a company vice president.
As rock & roll eroded country music's record sales and threatened its viability, Atkins' production skills came to the foreground. Atkins – along with Decca's Owen Bradley, Columbia's Don Law and Capitol's Ken Nelson – began to craft recordings that would appeal to pop listeners as well as country fans. The style of these recordings, in which singers were backed by neutral rhythm sections and steel guitars, and fiddles were replaced by vocal choruses, came to be known as the "Nashville Sound." Atkins mined gold from the new approach immediately, first producing Jim Reeves' 1957 crossover hit "Four Walls" and, later that year, producing Don Gibson's 1958 double-sided smash "Oh Lonesome Me" / "I Can't Stop Loving You." Atkins assumed production of established stars, including Eddy Arnold, Jim Reeves and Hank Snow, and produced hits by new stars including Bobby Bare, the Browns, Floyd Cramer, Skeeter Davis, Dottie West and many more.
During the 1960s, Atkins continued to record and perform: Always a jazz lover, he increasingly explored the genre in his performances and appeared at the 1960 Newport Jazz Festival; he also played for President Kennedy the following year.
By the middle of the decade, Atkins was producing more than two dozen acts for RCA. During this time, he signed a cadre of now-legendary country artists, including Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, Charley Pride, Jerry Reed and Connie Smith.
As the 1970s dawned, Atkins reduced his producing commitments and focused more on his own recordings and live performances. He embarked on a series of collaborative albums, working with Les Paul, Jerry Reed, Merle Travis, Doc Watson and others. However, he still found time to facilitate additions to the RCA roster, including Ronnie Milsap, Ray Stevens and Steve Wariner.
Atkins' virtuosity was undeniable, and his mantle quickly filled with the hardware to prove it. In 1973, Atkins was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. He went on to earn 14 Grammy awards and nine Country Music Association awards during his career.
In 1982, Atkins relinquished his RCA executive role and left the label to record for Columbia in 1983. He also gave himself an honorary degree: Atkins christened himself a "Certified Guitar Player" and began signing his name as "Chet Atkins, C.G.P." Atkins would later bestow this "degree" on several legatees, including Jerry Reed and Steve Wariner.
For the remainder of his life, Atkins continued to record and play; he collaborated on albums with George Benson, Suzy Bogguss, Mark Knopfler, Mark O'Connor and others, exploring and expanding the boundaries of country, jazz and pop. In 1993, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Atkins died on June 30, 2001. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the following year.
Chet Atkins: Certified Guitar Player will be accompanied by an ongoing series of programs throughout the exhibit's duration.
Visit www.countrymusichalloffame.org for more info about the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.
Tags: Chet Atkins, Chet Atkins: Certified Guitar Player, Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, Gretsch Company
Posted In: Artists Blogs | Leave a comment


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Cranberry Soccer Coach Sentenced To Prison For Possessing Child Pornography
PITTSBURGH, Pa. ‑ A resident of Cranberry Township, Pa., was sentenced in federal court on Jan. 6, 2011, to three years in prison to be followed by 10 years of supervised release on his conviction of possession of child pornography, United States Attorney David J. Hickton announced today.
United States District Judge Terrence F. McVerry imposed the sentence on James Caye, 66.
According to information presented to the court, in September 2008, Caye, a former Cranberry Township soccer coach, possessed still images and videos containing child pornography in hard copy form and computer graphics files. The child pornography included depictions of both female and male prepubescent children. Caye further possessed altered photographs and depictions of children that he currently and previously coached. Caye, upon release from incarceration, is required to register as a sex offender in the state in which he lives and/or works.
Assistant United States Attorney Carolyn J. Bloch prosecuted this case on behalf of the government.
U.S. Attorney Hickton commended the United States Postal Inspection Service and the Cranberry Township Police Department for the investigation leading to the successful prosecution of Caye.
This case is being brought as part of Project Safe Childhood, a nationwide initiative designed to protect children from online exploitation and abuse, led by the United States Attorney's Offices, Project Safe Childhood marshals federal, state and local resources to better locate, apprehend, and prosecute individuals who exploit children via the internet, as well as identify and rescue victims.
Protect yourself from fraud, and report suspected cases of financial fraud to local law enforcement.


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Progress in fight against informal school fees in Cambodia
I've visited Cambodia a couple of times since 2007 and have been amazed by NEP's (NGO Education Partnership) progress. In response to its members' concerns on informal charges demanded by schools and low motivation of teachers, NEP supported by VSO volunteers, carried out two research studies on The Impact of… Read more »
India Health Minister's words concern VSO
India, a country in which 2.5 million people are living with HIV, has always had a conservative outlook on homosexuality, which is taboo for the majority of the rural population.
This conservatism was demonstrated by a recent comment by the Indian Health Minister, Ghulam Nabi Azad at an HIV/AIDS conference. Azad asserted that… Read more »
New state, new start
A new sovereign state was born on Saturday.
In January, South Sudan voted overwhelmingly to end its tumultuous relationship with its northern partner, and become an independent sovereign state. However, the road ahead for South Sudan is laden with difficulties.
With an area of 619,745 square kilometres and an estimated population… Read more »
Leading learning in Zanzibar
I was delighted to hear about the fantastic progress of a research project that I've been supporting in Zanzibar. VSO volunteers Martin Brown and Yasmin Ajmal were working directly for the Commissioner for Education and Director of Inspection in the Zanzibar Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MOEVT).
Over the course of their… Read more »


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Harare — THE Zimbabwe Sugar Refineries Corporation (ZSR) said this week that water problems at its Harare refinery are affecting production.
"We currently have got a constraint of water supplies from the Harare City Council.
"On a daily basis, the city council reduces the volume of water that comes through to us and that affects our production. We rarely have a normal day at our refinery because we either have the problem of water, poor quality raw sugar and power cuts," Mr Sithole said.
Mr Sithole indicated that production at the refinery was also severely affected by power outages effected by Zesa Holdings last month and the company incurred losses as a result of the power cuts, which also damaged some of the refinery's equipment "We lost quite a bit of production and money, and some of our equipment was also damaged as a result of power cuts. It's an issue that we have taken up with Zesa," he said.
Mr Sithole declined to divulge the financial losses incurred by the company, only conceding that they had already replaced the damaged equipment.
He said production at this time of the year was also affected by the low quality of raw sugar due to the fact that the sugar cane used was from last year.
The company hoped to have exhausted the old crop by the start of the new season at the beginning of April, he said.
Mr Sithole said there was not much potential for sugar exports into the region for ZSR because most regional countries were now producing surplus sugar.
Currently, ZSR exports a total of 32 000 tonnes of sugar per annum to Namibia and Botswana.
Meanwhile, Zimbabwe Sugar Sales said there were sufficient stocks of raw sugar in the country to meet local and export demand.
ZSS general manager Mr Steve Frampton said Zimbabwe was meeting its annual sugar export quota to the European Union without any problems.
"We have sufficient sugar for the local market and for our export requirements," he said.


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One of the most fundamental and useful principles of modern embedded processors are interrupts. An interrupt is a way for an external (or, sometimes, internal) event to pause the current processor's activity, so that it can complete a brief task before resuming execution where it left off.
Let's say we are at home, writing an excellent tutorial on how a principle of modern embedded processors works. We are very interested in this topic, so we are devoting all our concentration to our keyboard. However, half way though, the phone rings. Despite not being by the phone waiting for a call, we are able to stop what we are doing, take the call, and go back where we left off once we have hung up.
Consider you're at home watching an excellent movie(HD print). You are very much interested in watching the end of the movie and suddenly the doorbell rings. Now you have to pause your movie, get up from your chair, open the door and then resume the movie form where you left it.
This is how a microprocessor's interrupt works. We can tell the processor to look for some specific specific external event (like data reception complete or pin changing its state like going from high to low) to become true. While processor checks for these events we can parallely do some other job. When these events occur, we stop the current task, handle the interrupt, and resume back where we left off. This gives us a great deal of flexibility. Rather that constantly checking the FLAG bit via code we can trust interrupts to do the job of checking.
What we are doing is called asynchronous processing - that is, we are processing the interrupt events outside the regular "execution thread" of the main program. The point to be noted here is that we aren't doing parallel programing (- running two or more codes simultaneously) but we are just pausing the current program and resuming to it after handing the interrupt.
We can link a specific interrupt source to a specific handler routine, called an Interrupt Service Routine, or ISR for short.
There are two main sources of interrupts:
In 8-bit AVRs the software interrupts are not available, which are basically used for generating user defined Exceptions and handling them as and when they occur.
Each microcontroller has a set of interrupt sources available.
Some of the interrupts available in ATmega16 are as follows:
The method of handling interrupts differs in different languages.
For an Interrupt to fire ISR three things must be true
When all three conditions are met, the AVR will fire our ISR each time the interrupt event occurs.
The C code for writing the ISR is as follows
pseudo C code:
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
ISR({Vector Source}_vect)
// ISR code to execute here
If you simply add an ISR to your existing program, you will find that it appears to do nothing when you try to fire it. This is because while we have defined an ISR, we haven't enabled the interrupt source.
Firstly, we need to set the I bit in the SREG register. This is the Global Interrupt Enable bit, without which the AVR will simply ignore any and all interrupts.
In C, we can use predefined library functions. In the case of AVR-GCC we just use the sei() and cli() macro equivalents defined in <avr/interrupt.h>:
pseudo C code:
sei(); // Enable Global Interrupts
cli(); // Disable Global Interrupts
Now, we need to enable a specific interrupt source, to satisfy the second condition for firing an ISR. The way to do this varies greatly between interrupt sources, but always involves setting a specific flag in one of the peripheral registers. Let's set an interrupt on the USART Receive Complete (USART RX) interrupt. According to the datasheet, we want to set the RXCIE bit in the UCSRB register:
pseudo C code:
After sei(); and setting RXCIE the ISR will code will run when the data receive is complete.
There are a few things to keep in mind when using interrupts in your program:
#include <avr/interrupt.h>int MyValue;
int main(void){
SetupInterrupts(); // Function for initializationwhile (MyValue == 0); // Wait for interrupt
Now we have learnt what are interrupts in general. In the next tutorial we will see how to implement specific interrupts like ADC Conversion Complete Interrupt, External Interrupts, Timer Interrupts etc.


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|Rev. Loren Larson
President of World Evangelism Bible College and Seminary
|Reverend Loren Larson came to the Ministry in 1987 as a
student of Jimmy Swaggart Bible College. Since that time he
has headed up the FWC Prison Ministry, the FWC Choir, the
JSM music program, and now is operating in the role of
President of WEBC & S. In addition to his responsibilities as
a Professor and as an Associate of Family Worship Center,
he is a consistant member of the panel of "A Study In The
Word," the teaching programs for both television and radio
with Brother Jimmy Swaggart. As well, his own program airs
Monday through Friday at 12:00 - 1:00 PM Central time, over
the Sonlife radio network, and simultaneously over the
internet. In addition to these duties, Brother Larson speaks at
various Churches and meetings both in and out of the United


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The Wizard reveals and repairs problems with 90% of dryer vent systems he inspects
New Haven, CT – Service by the Dryer Vent Cleaning Wizard improves dryer performance while promoting safety and efficiency. Dryer vent installation is a simple concept for some savvy do-it-yourself homeowners; however, many are unaware of the hazards associated with poorly installed dryer ducts.
Don Brusseau, owner of Dryer Vent Wizard, updates his site often to provide tips and vital information help area residents prevent dryer fires. Consumers who visit the site learn about the common errors made by DIY dryer vent installation and maintenance.
Dryer vent installation requires understanding the purpose and function of the dryer vent system. Heat produced by natural gas or electricity is forced through tumbling laundry as it dries. This heat and moisture must be able to escape the dryer drum in order for clothes to dry.
According to service technicians with Dryer Vent Wizard (www.dryerventcleaningnewhaven.com/), one of the most common mistakes homeowners make is purchasing the vinyl dryer duct kit because it is cheap and easy to install. This is the worst possible dryer vent system to have because it sags and allows lint to accumulate in low spots. It deteriorates and becomes cracked, allowing dryer exhaust to vent into the home. If the dryer throws a spark and the lint ignites, the vinyl material adds more fuel to feed the flames.
For this reason, Wizards across the nation work to educate consumers on proper dryer vent installation techniques. Dryer Vent Wizard only installs dryer vent systems of rigid metal, meeting all current city, state and manufacturer's codes. Dryer vent service technicians are happy to take the time to explain what they are doing and why it is important to enhance dryer performance while promoting dryer safety.
In addition to professional dryer vent installation, Don Brusseau recommends annual dryer vent cleaning. In spite of all the advances in technology and appliance efficiency, there is no such thing as a maintenance-free dryer vent system. Even the very best, state-of-the-art, dryer vent system installed by Dryer Vent Wizard requires maintenance.
Dryer Vent Wizard is a member of the National Fire Protection Association and the largest chain of dryer vent cleaning, repair, replacement and alternation specialists in the U.S. with over 60 franchisees in major markets in the U.S. Visit http://www.newhavenct.dryerventcleaningnow.com/ to contact the Wizard for an inspection and service.


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Welcome to Green Day CommunityRegister now to gain access to all of our features. Once registered and logged in, you will be able to create topics, post replies to existing threads, give reputation to your fellow members, get your own private messenger, post status updates, manage your profile and so much more. This message will be removed once you have signed in.
Login to Account Create an Account
Forum Guidelines
General Rules:
These are general rules that apply all across the forum, chat, and blogs.
As well as the rules above, theres a few rules you should also remember when posting
These are some rules you gotta remember when posting in the downloads or picture forums for either Green Day or other bands
Chat Rules:
There are a few rules in the chat room that we ask you to follow.
Warning & Suspension:
And of course,
Don't be a dick!
These are general rules that apply all across the forum, chat, and blogs.
- Respect all members. This means no harassing other members for any reasons including age, gender, race, sexuality.
- No fighting will be tolerated. Do not try to take things into your own hands, it usually just make things worse. Get in touch with a mod.
- Please use English. We understand that we have many different members from non-English speaking countries, but most members speak English so we ask that everyone use it to try and give everyone a chance to be a part of the conversation. This includes no talking in internet/text speech. In other words "plz do not tlk lyke dis" it can be annoying and hard to understand and only makes it harder for those who don't speak English primarily.
- Do not spam. This includes spamming of CAPS, emoticons, and useless or unrelated topics and posts.
- Pornography or graphic images are not allowed on GDC at all. If you are going to post something that is NSFW but doesn't fall into those two categories, please place it in a spoiler.
- No duplicate accounts. If you forgot your password or can't get into another account, contact a team member.
As well as the rules above, theres a few rules you should also remember when posting
- Please stick to the default font, size and colour. Those features are there for people to use in their profiles/signatures, but using them in a post only makes them distracting and harder to read for everyone else.
- When making a thread always search to make sure no one else has made that thread. If you make a thread and someone else has already done it, yours will be closed. If you're having trouble searching then it is suggested you check out the search tutorial.
- Try to keep your posts smart and useful, avoid random unrelated posts or those which repeating what everyone else has said. Add to the conversation.
These are some rules you gotta remember when posting in the downloads or picture forums for either Green Day or other bands
- The downloads section has some pretty basic rules which is essentially no posting download links to copyrighted material. To see a full list of what you can and can't post, please check out the thread in the download section.
- The main rule in the picture forum is respecting the family members photo privacy. Once again you can check out the thread in the picture section to have a better idea
Chat Rules:
There are a few rules in the chat room that we ask you to follow.
- Excessive use of emotes and CAPS is considered spamming. Spamming only disrupts the conversation and will not be tolerated.
- Be respectful towards other users. Fighting among users will not be tolerated. If a user is bothering you, please contact one of the chat moderators. If none are available please contact a forum moderator or administrator.
- Please be aware that the chat contains users of all ages groups and some topics may be considered inappropriate for younger users. We ask that you be considerate of these users and to move on to a new topic when asked.
- Verbal Warning
- Kick + Warning
- Ban (Will be determined by case)
Warning & Suspension:
- If you break any of our rules a mod will either give you a verbal warning or a temporary suspension depending on the situation. If given a verbal warning and we have anymore issues going forward you will be given a suspension. Continued problems will result in a permanent ban.
And of course,
Don't be a dick!


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Family-friendly Activities & Services
Make your reunion a family affair. Children of our alumni are always welcome on campus and the weekend schedule will include several family-friendly activities and services.Find out more
Schedule of EventsCheck out our tentative schedule of events.
Athletics Complex/Fitness RoomThe Athletics Complex will be open for use during Reunion Weekend. Children under the age of 16 should be accompanied by an adult when using the facilities. The equipment room/athletics store will be open from 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. on Saturday. Friday 8 a.m. - 6 p.m.Saturday 7 a.m. - 5 p.m.
PoolSaturday 3:30 - 5:30 p.m.
Brush Library and ArchivesThe library and archives will be open at following times during the weekend.Friday 2-5 p.m.Saturday 10 a.m. - 4 p.m.
Richmond Art CenterThe Richmond Art Center will be open at the following times during reunion weekend. Stop by and visit the Mercy Gallery, exhibiting works by alumni in fashion.Friday 12-5 p.m.Saturday 9 a.m. - 5 p.m.Accessibility InformationIf you will require special accommodations during reunion, please contact the Alumni Office at 860.687.6273, at least two weeks prior to the event. The Alumni/Development Office will work with alumni on a case-by-case basis to identify ways we can assist with individual needs whenever possible.
CAMPUS BOOKSTOREThe Loomis Chaffee Bookstore will be open at designated times throughout Reunion Weekend.


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The chairman of the Jewish Community of Amsterdam asked a Dutch politician to warn U.S. Jews about a "dangerous" rightist Dutch legislator.
Ronnie Eisenman, chairman of the executive board of the Jewish Community of Amsterdam, or NIHS, wrote on Twitter on Tuesday that the "Amsterdam Jewish community regards [Dion] Graus as a danger for the interests of Dutch Jewish community."
Graus, an advocate of a ban on ritual slaughter, is in charge of animal welfare for the Party for Freedom headed by Geert Wilders.
Eisenman said the statement was based on "the content of [Graus'] standpoints and his presentation" in debating ritual slaughter.
The message was "conveyed" to Wim Kortenoeven, another legislator, before Kortenoeven's visit to to the U.S. earlier this month to meet with Jewish groups, Eisenman said on Twitter.
It is rare for Dutch Jewish community institutions publicly to state their positions on individual politicians or political parties.
In June, the Dutch Senate scrapped a ban on ritual slaughter that the lower house had passed last year. The law, tabled by the small Party for the Animals, had passed the lower house largely due to the support of the Party for Freedom—the country's third largest.
Last month, the Party for Freedom pledged its commitment to legislating a ban in its platform for elections in September.
The Party for Freedom "was never prepared to go into a discussion with the Jewish community," Eisenman also said.
In the U.S., Kortenoeven—who recently left the Party for Freedom—met with representatives of key Jewish organizations. He says he warned them about Wilders' support for a ban on ritual slaughter.
Kortenoeven said he spoke with Morton Klein, president of the Zionist Organization of America, and met with Orthodox Union representatives and other prominent Jewish American groups.
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An Indian court has issued an arrest warrant for Hollywood actor Richard Gere after he kissed Bollywood star Shilpa Shetty in public.
11 thoughts on "Lede Of The Day"
from the country that gave us the kama sutra…
I issued a warrant for Gere after seeing what he helped do to Day of the Jackal.
Was that a kiss? Based on the pictures I've seen, it more closely resembled a mauling.
What pisses me off are the dudes in the street burning her picture, as if she had anything to do with it.
I guess we Americans don't corner the market on stupid religious fundamentalism.
The Terrorists hate our kissing freedoms!
Gere should get a kick in the nuts for acting like jackass but India should get a massive kick in the nuts for being a prudish twat of a country.
I think that a massive amyl nitrate and pornography air drop is in order. Put things in perspective.
Oh man, if only.
this from the country with one of the highest HIV rates. seems their priorities are just a tad screwed.
"affection bad! now excuse me while i go screw my whore."
It's really depressing that people can live in a society which is so repressive that a kiss on the cheek is considered an "obscene act." I wonder if couples are arrested for holding hands.
actually, holding hands are just a step under kissing. any form of public affection in itself is considered obscene.
Comments are closed.


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RAY BROOK - The Adirondack Park Agency's lead man for economic development is cautioning those who would like to see the agency become more involved in helping attract business to the region.
In a letter submitted to Denton Publications July 6, Steve Erman, the APA's Special Assistant for Economic Affairs, noted how, in recent months, several citizens and elected officials have suggested expanding the agency's role in economic development, but said there are better ways to encourage development in the region.
Erman has served in the position since 1982, acting as the main liaison between the APA, regional economic development organizations, and entrepreneurs bringing projects for development within the Park.
"Before coming to the Adirondacks, I was a consultant in Washington, D.C. and learned the importance of building organizational capacity to create and implement workable economic development strategies," said Erman. "My experiences have given me a unique perspective on what is necessary for a stronger economic development agenda in the Adirondack Park."
According to Erman, he's offered substantial outreach to developers by explaining how the APA regulates land use and helping them adjust their plans before submitting an application, thereby allowing the permit process to proceed more quickly.
"My work as an ombudsman has helped reassure entrepreneurs that businesses are welcome in the Park and that, with proper attention to planning details, permits are predictably issued," he said. "I have also provided objective analyses of the economic and fiscal impacts of projects to the Agency staff and Board."
Erman is expected to retire soon, however, and many officials, including Assemblywomen Teresa Sayward and Janet Duprey, have suggested this may be the time to establish a more active "economic arm" at the APA that would allow the economic impact of development projects to be weighed as part of the permit review process and make the agency a primary resource for businesses looking to locate in the Park.
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North America's transmission boom continues to the tune of $163 billion
By Jesse Berst
Roughly $163 billion of transmission projects are scheduled in the U.S. and Canada. This year's $13.5 billion will jump to at least $25.6 billion in 2014, according to TransmissionHub data. The boom continues despite the fact that energy demand is growing at very low rates.
Most of the construction involves 345-kV and 500-kV DC and AC lines, according to Kent Knutson director of Hub Services for Pennwell. Most of the construction is set to occur in the U.S. West, in Canada's Alberta and British Columbia, and in the Northeast.
For instance, FirstEnergy recently announced it plans to invest an additional $2.8 billion over four years to expand its "Energizing the Future" transmission initiative.
Meanwhile, Minneapolis-based Xcel Energy is joining other major power companies who have created a subsidiary to develop transmission projects beyond its own eight-state customer region according to the StarTribune. Stand-alone transmission companies are becoming more common because the federal government has encouraged them as a way to boost competition and reduce costs on big multistate projects. In 2002, American Transmission Co., based in Waukesha, Wis., was created as the nation's first stand-alone transmission company, and now has $3.3 billion in assets.
Even more transmission may come on line in the next few years, partly to help meet renewable mandates. For example, Imperial Irrigation District (IID) is proposing a massive transmission project designed to deliver renewable energy onto the California grid and to neighboring states. Cal-ISO is reviewing the $1.7 billion proposal. There are roughly a dozen proposed transmission projects that are being developed to deliver renewables to California from nearby states.
Jesse Berst is the founder and Chief Analyst of SGN and Chairman of the Smart Cities Council, an industry coalition.
You might also be interested in ...
5 steps to get America the transmission it needs (it's not hopeless)


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Americas Competitiveness in a Global Environment
Panel Discussion & Networking Reception
On September 27, 2006, almost 200 Northern Illinois University (NIU) alumni and other members of the Rockford business community joined together at the NIU Rockford Campus for a panel discussion and networking reception. The event was co-hosted by NIU's College of Business and the College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.
The panel discussion focused on ways NIU can help the Rockford manufacturing community and its workforce prepare for the new age of global competitiveness and at the same time expand business and manufacturing opportunities. After the panel discussion, participants were able to continue discussions during a networking reception.
The panel consisted of representatives from both the manufacturing and the academic communities, including: John Oller, executive director of the Manufacturing Alliance of the Rock River Valley; Denise Schoenbachler, dean of the NIU College of Business; and Promod Vohra, dean of the NIUCollege of Engineering andEngineering Technology and Richard Johnson, director of research and development for NIU's College of Engineering and Engineering Technology. The discussion was moderated by John Lewis, associate vice president of NIU Outreach and Regional Development.
We welcome any additional input about topics discussed during the panel discussion. A questionnaire is still available on-line. Answers to these questions will help NIU better address the issues which most concern those currently in the manufacturing workforce.
View a PDF of the notes from the evening's discussion.


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BY Joe White on Sat November 26th, 2011
A new jailbreak tweak called "MobileMonitor" takes iPhone espionage to the next level. Once installed, the package works under-the-hood, automatically sending data from any given iPhone handset to a website, where information such as SMS messages, GPS location, Camera Roll images and more can be viewed remotely. The service, which appears to target parents and employers as its main clientele, is free to try but will set users back $19.90/month once this trial period has expired.
Continue reading →
BY Andy Faust III on Wed April 27th, 2011
Ina Fried talks with Apple execs and gets to the bottom of Locationgate once and for all.
Continue reading →


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Atlanta, GA (PRWEB) January 22, 2014
"AssetOptics 2.3 deepens our strengths in Enterprise Asset Management," said Mike Edwards, founder of AssetOptics. "This latest release incorporates new many new features that touch a broad array of our user base from Maintenance Planners to MRO Storeroom Managers to Field Technicians."
AssetOptics Enterprise Asset Management for Salesforce is a native Force.com CMMS/EAM solution. AssetOptics offers core maintenance management functionality of asset management, preventive maintenance, work management, and MRO inventory management. Built on salesforce.com's trusted enterprise cloud computing platform, AssetOptics customers realize enterprise class solution capabilities while foregoing the cost and complexity of managing expensive IT infrastructure. AssetOptics is offered through a low cost subscription-licensing model.
New features included in AssetOptics 2.3 are:
About AssetOptics
AssetOptics is a privately held company with deep domain expertise in Enterprise Asset Management. AssetOptics CMMS/EAM is a native Force.com application, benefiting from the reliability, scalability and performance of the Salesforce Platform. Sign up for a free trial today.