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Exchange and Capital Controls as Barriers to Trade
The significance of the link between exchange and capital controls and trade is
a fundamental key to the smooth functioning of the international economic and
financial system. During the past several decades, most countries have
liberalized controls on current payments and transfers, and the focus of
economic policy is increasingly shifting toward liberalizing controls over
capital account transactions. Generally, however, the theoretical effect of
exchange and capital controls on trade is somewhat ambiguous, and the
systematic empirical evidence remains limited.
This paper examines the effect of exchange and capital controls on trade for
1996 in the empirical gravity-equation framework, in which bilateral exports
depend on the distance between countries, the countries. size and wealth,
tariff barriers, and exchange and capital controls. The extent of exchange and
capital controls is measured by unique indices, which aggregate information on
142 individual types of control from the IMF.s Annual Report on Exchange
Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions.
Overall, exchange and capital controls represent a noticeable barrier to trade.
The specific impact of exchange and capital controls on trade, however, varies
depending on the level of development of a country and the type of control.
Controls on current payments and transfers are a minor impediment to trade,
while capital controls significantly reduce exports into developing and
transition economies, but not into industrial countries. These findings may
reflect the extent to which controls on current payments and transfers have
been liberalized worldwide, while the liberalization of capital controls has so
far focused largely on industrial countries. An implication of the study is
that further liberalization of exchange and capital controls can discernibly
foster trade.


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Manager Jim Magilton could not disguise his fury at Ipswich's "worst performance" in his three years in charge following the 3-0 home drubbing by Southampton.
Jason Euell netted twice for Southampton before teenage striker Matthew Paterson's first senior strike left the Tractor Boys five points adrift of the top six, having played more games than many of their rivals.
"It's certainly the worst performance since I became manager, without a shadow of a doubt," said Magilton.
"It was three (nil) going on six. It was not acceptable. The crowd had every right to voice their opinion.
"You have to have a few words after a performance like that. You want to know where it has come from. You want to know which players are going to stand up and say a few words. It has stunned the life out of me."
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2009, All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
NJIT Highlanders at Chicago State Cougars Basketball
Sat, Feb 9, 2013 5:00 pm
Jones Convocation Center At Chicago State University, Chicago, IL
Sorry, this event has already taken place. Please see similar events below.
|Tweet | State Guides | Gift Certificates | Policies | Blog | About Us | TicketMasters sold out |


text:
The White House on Thursday announced two executive actions that it says will close loopholes that allow the most dangerous types of firearms from falling into the wrong hands.
The assault weapons ban won't be included in major gun legislation set to take shape this week -- all but guaranteeing it won't pass Congress.
The Senate Judiciary Committee on Thursday approved a renewed assault-weapons ban, advancing the measure to the Senate floor where it will face intense resistance from Republicans and other gun-rights supporters.
Senator Dianne Feinstein introduces bill to reinstate assault weapons ban.
Congress is poised to launch into a contentious debate next year over reinstating the assault-weapons ban.


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Pomegranate Regenerating Hand Cream helps promote skin renewal with a unique complex of antioxidants to help prevent the premature formation of age spots and enhance the ageless beauty of your hands.
Water, Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil (Sesame), Glycerin, Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate SE, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter) (Shea Butter), Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil (Sunflower), Stearic Acid, Punica Granatum Seed Oil, Panicum Miliaceum Seed Extract (Millet), Ruscus Aculeatus (Butcher's Broom) Extract, Persea Gratissima Oil Unsaponifiables (Avocado), Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil (Olive), Xanthan Gum, Fragrance (from Natural Essential Oils), Limonene (from Natural Essential Oils), Linalool (from Natural Essential Oils), Citronellol (from Natural Essential Oils), Geraniol (from Natural Essential Oils), Citral (from Natural Essential Oils), Eugenol (from Natural Essential Oils), Coumarin (from Natural Essential Oils)
Directions for use can be found on the leaflet inside.
This fragrant lotion that we can use indoors as protection against biting mosquitoes and flies. It is non greasy and i has nice smell. It keeps our skin soft without leaving oily feeling.
This product keeps the smooth, non greasy feeling on my hands.This is rich,thick hand cream i love this.It keeps my hands softer and smoother.
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I have ordered many times and always have had excellent service.
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Kiss My Face Moisture shave, cool mint - 11 oz
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Trim pink salon boards nail care - 2 ea
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Vanicream cleansing bar for sensitive skin, fragrance-free - 3.9 oz
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Professional Quality trim emery boards, 10 ea
Weleda Wild rose creamy body wash - 7.2 oz
Our Price:$5.90


text:
The mobile markets of the Middle East are entering a new phase of development marked by slow growth, indicative of its mature market status. As with any mature market a number of trends have emerged that are likely to influence future market direction. Key among these is increased competition, focus on profitability and mobile broadband.
Mobile subscription levels are high in part due to multiple SIM card ownership and demographic factors. Multiple SIM card ownership is common due to the high proportion of prepaid users relative to total users. With no lock in contract to any particular service provider, end users can purchase prepaid services to take advantage of market promotions. Another factor driving multiple SIM card ownership is the lack
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: www.companiesandmarkets.comPhone: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600


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Recycling in the Workplace
What do a restaurant, paper mill, and sports arena all have in common? When it comes to the environment, they all have the capability to recycle or utilize used materials. Whether you are a small business or a large-scale industry, there is a recycling plan that is right for you. Once in place, a recycling plan can save thousands of dollars in energy and prevent materials from entering our landfills. Not only can you pat yourself on the back for doing something beneficial for the environment, but you are also supporting a dynamic industry that benefits the economy.
Did you know that the carpet industry is clamoring for recycled plastic bottles in the form of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to make luxury carpet? Or that fibers from textile mills can be salvaged and traded in waste exchanges?
The following links and resources may prove helpful in improving your business practices regarding the environment. No matter your industry, whether mechanical, textile, restaurant, or office, there are resources just for you! Used products, such as batteries, cell phones, plastic, paper, used oil, oil filters, bottles, or printer cartridges, are all ready to be recycled or reused.
EPA Resources:
- Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC) is a national effort to conserve natural resources and energy by managing materials more efficiently. The RCC seeks partnerships with industry to pursue resource conservation initiatives.
- WasteWise is a flexible EPA program that allows partners to design their own waste reduction programs tailored to their needs.
- For information on electronics recycling, look at EPA Region 4's eCycling electronics program or EPA's Plug-in to eCycling program.
- Jobs Through Recycling provides information on market development for state and local officials, sources of technical and financial assistance for recycling businesses, and information on the economic benefits of recycling.
- For access to key findings regarding the impact of recycling in the U.S. look at EPA's National Recycling Economic Information Study.
- Market directory and waste exchanges by state.
- Planning a meeting? Here's an easy checklist on how to make it a green gathering.
- EPA's Construction and Demolition Debris Web site provides a listing of recycling resources for non-hazardous construction debris by type.
State / Regional Resources:
- State and local recycling representatives can help with local recyling programs and issues.
- Georgia's Sustainable Office Toolkit offers businesses the means to continually improve operations.
- Mississippi's Office Recycling Program works to reduce the amount of office materials going to the landfill and to increase the amount of materials recycled.
- North Carolina's Division of Pollution Prevention offers on-site pollution prevention evaluations for small and large businesses.
- South Carolina's Business Recycling Assistance Program helps South Carolina businesses save money and reduce waste.
- South East Recycling Development Council works to unite industry professionals, government agencies, and individuals engaged in the business of recycling.
- Southern Waste Information eXchange is a clearinghouse and repository for businesses and government agencies looking for information regarding recycling and solid waste.
Non-Profit / Other Resources:
- Earth 911 Business focuses on helping businesses reduce waste, create a comprehensive waste reduction plan, and implement a recycling program.
- Waste reduction is one of Keep America Beautiful's top priorities.
- Information about can and bottle recycling is provided by America's Beverage Companies.
- Container Recycling Institute is a source for information on all types of container recycling.
- American Plastics Council is a source for help regarding plastic recycling opportunities and programs.
- Steel Recycling Institute is a source for information regarding steel recycling opportunities.
- Paper Industry Association Council (PIAC) serves as a source for information on paper recycling opportunities.
- National Center for Electronics Recycling (NCER) is a source for information on the vast array of electronics recycling.
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP):
- EPA's guide to EPP includes "green" purchasing information, a background on environmentally preferable purchasing, and case studies.
- EPA comprehensive procurement guidelines are part of the government's "buy-recycled" program.
Economic Information / Studies:
- Look up the value of most recyclable materials at Global Recycling Network.
- North Carolina's Recycling Means Business report provides information on recycling and its economic impact in North Carolina.


text:
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Deli Soft Rye - No Seeds
Deli Soft Rye - Seeds
D'Italiano Crustini Buns (8 Count)
D'Italiano Italian No Seeds (1 pack)
D'Italiano Italian No Seeds (2 pack)
D'Italiano Italian Seeded (1 pack)
D'Italiano Italian Seeded (2 pack)
D'Italiano Soft Kaiser Rolls (8 Count)
D'Italiano Steak Plain (6 Count)
D'Italiano Steak Seeded (6 count)
Dutch Country Potato Hamburger Rolls (8 Count)
Dutch Country Potato Hot Dog Rolls (16 Count)
Dutch Country Potato Hot Dog Rolls (8 Count)
Dutch Country Rye Seeded
Dutch Country Wheat Hot Dog Rolls (8 Count)
Maier's Crustini (8 Count)
Maier's Deli Kaiser (8 Count)
Maier's Hearty Kaiser Rolls (8 Count)
Maier's Italian Hoagie (6 Count)
Maier's Italian Seeded (1 pack)
Maier's Italian Seeded (2 Pack)
Maier's Italian Steak Rolls (6 Count)
Maier's Italian Wheat
Maier's Mix & Match Plain Italian
Maier's Onion Rolls (8 Count)
Maier's Premium Italian
Maier's Premium Italian (2 Pack)
Maiers Premium Italian Club Rolls (2 Pack)
Maier's Premium Italian Club Rolls (8 Count)
Small 100% Whole Wheat
Stroehmann Brown n' Serve Rolls (12 Count)
Stroehmann Dutch Country 100% Whole Grain Bread
Stroehmann Dutch Country 100% Whole Wheat (1 pack)
Stroehmann Dutch Country 100% Whole Wheat (2 Pack)
Stroehmann Dutch Country 12 Grain (1 pack)
Stroehmann Dutch Country 12 Grain (2 Pack)
Stroehmann Dutch Country Double Fiber Bread
Stroehmann Dutch Country Honey Wheat Bread
Stroehmann Dutch Country Mix & Match 100% Whole Wheat
Stroehmann Dutch Country Mix & Match Potato
Stroehmann Dutch Country Premium Potato Bread (1 pack)
Stroehmann Dutch Country Premium Potato Bread (2 Pack)
Stroehmann Dutch Country Rye No Seeds
Stroehmann Dutch Country Seasoned Stuffing
Stroehmann Dutch Country Unseasoned Stuffing
Stroehmann Dutch Country Wheat Hamburger Rolls (8 Count)
Stroehmann Family Grains 100% Whole Wheat
Stroehmann Family Grains Made with Whole Grain White
Stroehmann Family White (1 pack)
Stroehmann Family White (2 pack)
Stroehmann Hamburger Buns (16 Count)
Stroehmann Hamburger Buns (8 Count)
Stroehmann Hot Dog Buns (16 Count)
Stroehmann Hot Dog Buns (8 Count)
Stroehmann King White Enriched Bread (1 pack)
Stroehmann King White Enriched Bread (2 pack)
Stroehmann Mix & Match Ranch Bread
Stroehmann Ranch White (1 pack)
Stroehmann Ranch White (2 pack)
Stroehmann Small White
Stroehmann Split Top Dinner Rolls (16 Count)
Stroehmann Split Top Wheat
Stroehmann Split Top White
Stroehmann Stuffing Cubes
Stroehmann Sunbeam Hamburger Rolls (8 Count)
Stroehmann Sunbeam Hot Dog Rolls (8 Count)
Stroehmann Sunbeam King White
Stroehmann Sunbeam Ranch White (1 pack)
Stroehmann Sunbeam Ranch White (2 pack)
Stroehmann Sunbeam Small Family White
Stroehmann Unsliced Stuffing Bread
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Learn anything and everything you ever wanted to know about Stroehmann Bread Company.
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Are your products Kosher?
Our products that are Kosher are designated as such on the packaging.
Do you use hydrogenated oil in any of your products?
No. All of our products are free of hydrogenated oil and fats. Hydrogenation, a process in which hydrogen is added to oils to make them more solid, is used by many in the baking industry to help make products moist, easier to slice and stay fresh longer.
Are the mono- and diglycerides in your products derived from an animal or vegetable source?
Mono- and diglycerides, which have earned GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, are naturally present in fats and have been used with a high confidence of safety for many years. The mono- and diglycerides we use are vegetable derived and provide the product quality and taste our customers enjoy.
Can I purchase via the Web or mail order?
Our products cannot be purchased through the Internet.
What is a proof-of-purchase?
A "proof-of-purchase" is another name for Universal Product Code, a bar code (you see them on just about every package you purchase) used for scanning by the check-out person.
What is your guidance on allergenic ingredients for highly sensitive consumers?
We assure you that we adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices as established by the FDA. We take abundant precaution to prevent cross-contact of allergenic ingredients between batches, and our bakeries are inspected to ensure that they meet or exceed all regulatory and baking industry standards. We understand that highly sensitive consumers need to know when there is even the remotest possibility of inadvertent cross-contact of allergenic ingredients during processing. To that end we disclose that the following allergenic ingredients are used in some of our manufacturing facilities and that inadvertent cross-contact is remotely possible: milk, eggs, soy, almonds, walnuts, peanuts and hazelnuts (filberts). Wheat is used in all of our facilities and all of our products as an ingredient. Please refer to ingredient labels on our products for full disclosure of the ingredients used in that product.
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We make memories.


text:
Information Technology majors
Open House
Learn more
Get prepared to meet the challenges associated with technological developments emerging in all types of industries.
Employment of network and computer systems administrators is projected to grow 12% through 2022, about as fast as the average for all occupations. (source)
The median annual wage for network and computer systems administrators was $74,000 in May 2013. (source)
The technology component prepares you with a general knowledge of computers and computer applications, and provides you with an understanding of specific systems and applications.
Penn College people really do make the difference… everyone that is here really is here for students.
Learn more about what Patrick has to say about Penn College.
Patrick Butler, Computer Information Technology
Choose a degree
Bachelor of Science (B.S.)
Information Assurance and Cyber Security
- information assurance analyst
- cyber security specialist
- information security specialist
Information Technology:
Network Specialist Concentration
- network architects or engineers
- information systems administrators
- network administrators or analysts
Information Technology Sciences -
Gaming and Simulation
- computer game programmer
- software application developer
- system administration
Software Development & Information Management
- systems administrators or analysts
- operating systems programmers/analysts
- software development engineers
Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.)
Information Technology:
Technical Support Technology Emphasis
- network specialists
- network technicians
- systems administrators
Student Videos
Watch Information Technology with Travis video Watch Information Technology with Evan video Watch Information Technology with Michael video Watch IT Systems Analyst Brandon Howe video
Faculty Videos
Watch Protecting Identity in the 21st Century video Watch My Last Words: Jacob Miller video
Related Article
Golden Anniversary
Fifty years ago, with the challenge laid before him by Williamsport Technical Institute Director Kenneth E. Carl, former faculty member George E. Wolfe developed the college's first computer courses.
Read Information Technology news.
Other Information Technology Information
Laptop Requirements
Students enrolling in an information technology major (BIS, BNW, BWD, BGS, TU) must have a laptop. View the laptop requirements.
Penn State Computer Store
As a Penn College student, you are eligible for Penn College hardware/software discounts and to purchase hardware/software through the Penn State Computer Store.


text:
Special Preparedness Combo Deal!!
Card Sharp 2 from Iain Sinclair
Mini-Work Tool by BCB International
Combo Price: $23.00
Regular Price: $29.90
Both items can fit in your wallet!!
a free BCB Fishing Kit with Combo ordered.
Limited Time Offer!!!!
Note: Each order placed coming from BestPreparednessDeals.com receives the free Fishing Kit
© 2012, BestPreparednessDeals.com. All rights reserved. On republishing this post you must provide link to original post.


text:
Coach Woodson. That certainly feels a little strange to say.
It seems like just yesterday that Andre' Woodson was shattering school records and notching some of the biggest wins in Kentucky football history.
After a few years spent pursuing a professional career, the decorated quarterback who was instrumental in the emergence of the program as a player has returned to Lexington as a student assistant coach.
"It's been great being back with this program," Woodson said. "Obviously we're continuing to try to build. I think we've got some great players here; obviously the coaches are really great. I just want to be a part of all this and continue to try to bring success."
During his Kentucky playing career, Woodson was a huge part of the Wildcats' success under then-coach Rich Brooks. He was a three-year starter and led UK to consecutive bowl victories in 2006-07, the first time Kentucky had accomplished that feat since Paul "Bear" Bryant roamed the sidelines in the early '50s.
By the end of his time as a Wildcat, Woodson had thrown for 9,360 yards and 81 touchdowns, a school record. During his senior season, he broke the Southeastern Conference record for passing touchdowns with 40 and shattered the NCAA mark for consecutive passes thrown without an interception with 325.
After a stellar college career, Woodson was selected in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft by the New York Giants. He eventually was placed on the team's practice squad but was cut the following year before being picked up by the Washington Redskins and cut two months later. He then tried to make his way with the UFL's Hartford Colonials, but that didn't work out either.
Faced with the disappointment of the end of his playing days, UK head coach Joker Phillips, Woodson's offensive coordinator during his college days, reached out to his former pupil.
"Once everything didn't work out in Connecticut (with the Hartford Colonials), Joker reached out to me when I came to one of the practices," Woodson said. "We discussed it a little bit, the option of coming back and coaching."
Even though Woodson had come to grips with the fact he wouldn't be playing anymore, he couldn't turn his back on football altogether.
"With me loving the game, I didn't just want to walk away from it completely," Woodson said. "This gives me a chance to be around the players, around the coaches. This is a great opportunity for me to continue to be around the game."
With an eye on the professional ranks, Woodson left school before the end of his senior year to prepare for the NFL Draft without receiving his degree. Returning to campus as a student assistant gives Woodson the opportunity to complete his coursework and graduate, which he plans to do in December.
Woodson intends to go into college coaching full time once he finishes school.
"I would love to stay with coaching," Woodson said. "Whether it will be here or some place else, I don't know that yet."
Although Woodson is getting a great deal out of his return to Kentucky, the relationship is far from one-sided. Woodson is focusing most of his time working with UK's quarterbacks and junior Morgan Newton says he has been a valuable resource.
"Andre' is a proven leader," Newton said. "He took our program to a different level than it was before and having him around will be instrumental in taking this program to another level."
In fact, Woodson's success as a player was a factor in Newton's eventual decision to come to UK. Newton was a high school star during Woodson's UK tenure.
"You could argue that it was the factor," Newton said. "When I came here and saw them beat Louisville (in 2007) and when I saw them beat LSU on TV his senior year, that was huge in my decision making. Just seeing the type of things they did when he was quarterback played a big role."
Newton enters his third season at UK looking to take his game to the next level. He has started and won games when stepping in for the departed Mike Hartline, but has yet to put his stamp on the position.
Woodson was in a similar position after his own sophomore season, having started as a sophomore but having only a sporadically successful season. It was his junior year when he became the elite quarterback that rewrote Kentucky record books.
For Newton there is a lesson to be learned from that.
"There's a lot to be learned," Newton said. "You get another year under your belt; you're able to learn how much work it takes to be a successful player."
Woodson recognizes the lessons that can be gleaned from his development between his sophomore and junior seasons, but says that Newton is grasping a lot of that on his own.
"I think he's kind of realized (what it will take to succeed) on his own," Woodson said. "Having to sit back last year and see Mike take over, I think that helped learn what it's going to take this season."
Woodson would be hard pressed to be any more pleased about what he has seen from Newton so far.
"I think he's come a long way," Woodson said. "Right now, I can tell you watching him on the field right now he's really doing a great job of throwing it, understanding his reads, putting the ball in the places he needs to put it. I think it's a complete difference from what I saw last year, especially in the bowl game, to what I'm seeing now on the practice field. I'm very excited to see what he does this season."
If Newton can even come close to matching what Woodson did in his final two college seasons, it will be safe to say that Coach Woodson played a part.


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Head on over Honey Bunches of Oat's Facebook Page…
…where they have a $1.00 manufacturer's coupon off one box of Honey Bunches of Oats cereal (13 oz. box or larger, valid for one month after date of print).
This is a smartsource coupon; it will print automatically after you click the button, so make sure your printer is connected, ready to print, and has paper because you only get one chance to print this coupon!
Then head out to your local CVS, where Honey Bunches of Oats cereal is B1G1F (Buy One Get One Free). This makes for a really great deal!
For a comprehensive list of sales and coupon match-ups for CVS, please check out one of my favorite blogs Couponing 101, who posts match-ups for many popular stores, including CVS, Kroger, Rite Aid, Target, Walgreens, Walmart, Whole Foods, and more.
The CVS match-up post for April 22nd – 28th can be found HERE.


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Giannopoulou - details and analysis
The name Giannopoulou has a web popularity of 115,000 pages.
What means Giannopoulou?
The meaning of Giannopoulou is unknown.
Giannopoulou has a Facebook presence of 31,200 pages.
Giannopoulou has a Google+ Plus presence of 529 pages.
Giannopoulou has a Linkedin presence of 1,920 pages.
Giannopoulou has a Twitter presence of 1,100 pages.
The most popular images on the Internet for name Giannopoulou:
White Pages has 133 occurrences for name Giannopoulou.
What is the origin of name Giannopoulou? Probably Greece or UK.
giannopoulou.com domain is already registered.
giannopoulou.net domain is available.
giannopoulou.org domain is available.
Giannopoulou spelled backwards is Uoluoponnaig
This name has 12 letters: 7 vowels (58.33%) and 5 consonants (41.67%).
Anagrams: Ialonopgunou
Misspells: Gisnnopoulou Giannopoullou Gyannopoulou Giannopouloua Gainnopoulou Giannopouluo Giannopouolu
|Aggeliki Giannopoulou
Lefkothea Giannopoulou
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Vanna Giannopoulou
Lila Giannopoulou
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Zoe Giannopoulou
Despina Giannopoulou
Theodora Giannopoulou
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|Maria Giannopoulou
Giola Giannopoulou
Lena Giannopoulou
Andromachi Giannopoulou
Anta Giannopoulou
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Kleopatra Giannopoulou
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|Chryssa Giannopoulou
Mima Giannopoulou
Marilena Giannopoulou
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Efi Giannopoulou
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Thalia Giannopoulou
Vasiliki Giannopoulou
Konstadia Giannopoulou
Olympia Giannopoulou
Europe Giannopoulou
Nana Giannopoulou
Fotini Giannopoulou
Haroula Giannopoulou
Helena Giannopoulou
Vivian Giannopoulou
Mairilia Giannopoulou
Chrysa Giannopoulou
Theoni Giannopoulou
Anthoula Giannopoulou
Dimitra Giannopoulou
Angeliki Giannopoulou
Penny Giannopoulou


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There is this little piece of tissue that kind of stands out.
Doctor Mary Newell is a detective of sorts-expert at uncovering cancer in the human breast.
The evidence is overwhelmingly convincing that women should be getting screenings at age 40 and have it yearly there after.
Yet surveys show that many women are skipping or ignoring that advice. Why?
By the time I got out of there I was very bruised.
It is a very frightening process…
You have to come down and exert enough force on the breast...
Ellen D'orsi, a mammogram technologist for over eleven years, offers the following advice for women who find the procedure painful.
If a woman was in the middle of her period and she knows that her breast are tender, or more-tender at that time, i would say reschedule the appointment.
For women who have tender breasts all the time or mid-cycle, i tell them take some advil the day of.
More tips:Avoid caffeine from coffee sodas or chocolate for about a week before the test. Caffeine has been linked to breast sensitivity in some women. Breath. Try to relax.
And most importantly…Talk to your technologist and tell her how you feel.
In the event a spot is found, further mammogram, an ultra-sound, M-R-I, even a biopsy may be ordered.
When no tumor is found the initial reading is referred to as a 'false-positive'.
What women should think about is not that 'gee they gave me a false positive', but 'wow they're really careful and they're trying to look for early disease' and that's what women should think about with a false positive.
Last one if you're counting…
For WebMD, I'm Sandee Lamotte.
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Apple has just released four new advertisements for the iPhone 4. All the four advertisements lay special emphasis on the FaceTime feature of the phone. FaceTime allows users to make video calls on their iPhone 4 using a Wi-Fi network.Read More
Last year before the Apple's Rock n Roll event occurred there was a rumor that Apple will be releasing the next generation iPod Touch sporting a 2MP camera at its back. Sadly, Apple launched the new iPod Nano(s) with a camera.Read More
HTC along with Sprint have just released an Over-The Air (OTA) software update for the 4G handset – EVO 4G. The software update weighs in at 21.43MB, and mostly fixes bugs.Read More
Google, which started to collect data to improve it's location service also collected private user data and tried to cover it up by making up stuff like "it was collecting only fragments of data"Read More
Experts believe that this is a pre-release version of 802.11n based iPhone 4 OS and that, coupled with some Wi-Fi driver issues cased the WWDC Wi-Fi problem.Read More
If you are out in the world with your laptop, netbook or mobile devices, you might want an easy way to find free wifi hotspots. WeFi is an application and web service that may be just what you need.Read More
A recent report says Google has mapped every wireless router in Britain. In reply, Google said that other companies have also collected Wi-Fi data it in past.Read More
You can use Wifi Keyboard to type into aDosBox or any emulator which does not bring up the default keyboard on your Android phone lacking a physical keyboard.Read More
Google Street View cars collect much more than just roadways photos. It was later revealed that the street view cars collected personal payload data from wifi.Read More
Remember the Apple iPad Wi-Fi connectivity issue? Well, Apple updated its support document a few days ago listing possible ways to solve the Wi-Fi issue. The support document states that "Apple will also address remaining Wi-Fi connectivity issues with a future iPad software update."Read More
Users who purchased the recently released Apple iPad are already having issues with it. Users of the iPad are complaining about the device overheating and dropping the Wi-Fi network connection. Apple has not acknowledged the first problem, but has acknowledged the second problem and issued a remedy to fix the problem.Read More
It looks like iPhone 4G might have built in support for 802.11n WiFi. This news comes from a recent job posting on Apple for a WiFi Software Engineer.Read More
Bharti Airtel, one of the largest cellular services provider in India, is all set to get into the WiFi market by launching hotspots across the nation. Airtel plans to launch more than 1000 hotspots across the nation by end of 2010.Read More
You can broadcast the internet to your Xbox, wifi enabled phone or other devices and share internet connections with your friends. It's all very easy now with the updated version of Connectify.Read More
A wi-fi certificate suggests that Verizon may end up to be the one with Palm Pre. This was already assumed but this news so close to the CES leads us to believe that Palm Pre may be announced at the CES .Read More


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An Intelligence Quotient or IQ is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure intelligence. The term "IQ," a translation of the German Intelligenz-Quotient, was coined by the German psychologist William Stern in 1912 as a proposed method of scoring early modern children's intelligence tests such as those developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in the early 20th Century. Although the term "IQ" is still in common use, the scoring of modern IQ tests such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is now based on a projection of the subject's measured rank on the Gaussian bell curve with a center value (average IQ) of 100, and a standard deviation of 15 (different tests have various standard deviations; the Stanford-Binet IQ test has a standard deviation of 16).
IQ scores have been shown to correlate with such factors as morbidity and mortality, parental social status, and to a substantial degree, parental IQ. While its inheritance has been investigated for nearly a century, controversy remains as to how much is inheritable, and the mechanisms of inheritance are still a matter of some debate.
IQ scores are used in many contexts: as predictors of educational achievement or special needs, by social scientists who study the distribution of IQ scores in populations and the relationships between IQ score and other variables, and as predictors of job performance and income.
The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising at an average rate of three points per decade since the early 20th century with most of the increase in the lower half of the IQ range: a phenomenon called the Flynn effect. It is disputed whether these changes in scores reflect real changes in intellectual abilities, or merely methodological problems with past or present testing.
In 1912, the German psychologist William Stern coined the abbreviation "I.Q.," a translation of the German Intelligenz-Quotient ("intelligence quotient"), proposing that an individual's intelligence level be measured as a quotient of their estimated "mental age" and their chronological age. A further refinement of the Binet-Simon scale was published in 1916 by Lewis M. Terman, from Stanford University, who incorporated Stern's proposal, and this Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale formed the basis for one of the modern intelligence tests that remains in common use.
At first, IQ was calculated as a ratio with the formula
In 1939 David Wechsler published the first intelligence test explicitly designed for an adult population, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, or WAIS. Subsequent to the publication of the WAIS, Wechsler extended his scale for younger ages, creating the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, or WISC. The Wechsler scales contained separate subscores for verbal and performance IQ, thus being less dependent on overall verbal ability than early versions of the Stanford-Binet scale, and was the first intelligence scale to base scores on a standardized normal distribution rather than an age-based quotient: since age-based quotients worked only for children, these methods were replaced by a projection of the measured rank on the Gaussian bell curve using an average IQ of 100 as the center value and a standard deviation of 15 or occasionally 16 or 24 points.
Thus, the modern IQ score is a mathematical transformation of a raw score on an IQ test, based on the rank of that score in a normalization sample, Modern scores are sometimes referred to as "deviance IQ", while older method age-specific scores are referred to as "ratio IQ."
The two methodologies yield similar results near the middle of the bell curve, but the older ratio IQs yielded far higher scores for the intellectually gifted— for example, Marilyn vos Savant, who appeared in the Guinness Book of World Records, obtained a ratio IQ of 228. While this score could make sense using Binet's formula (and even then, only for a child), on the Gaussian curve model it would be an exceptional 7.9 standard deviations above the mean and hence virtually impossible in a population with a normal IQ distribution (see normal distribution). In addition, IQ tests like the Wechsler were not intended to discriminate reliably much beyond IQ 130, as they simply do not contain enough exceptionally difficult items.
Since the publication of the WAIS, almost all intelligence scales have adopted the normal distribution method of scoring. The use of the normal distribution scoring method makes the term "intelligence quotient" an inaccurate description of the intelligence measurement, but "I.Q." still enjoys colloquial usage, and is used to describe all of the intelligence scales currently in use.
The effect of restriction of range on IQ was examined by Matt McGue and colleagues, who wrote that "restriction in range in parent disinhibitory psychopathology and family SES had no effect on adoptive-sibling correlations ... IQ. On the other hand, a 2003 study by Eric Turkheimer, Andreana Haley, Mary Waldron, Brian D'Onofrio, Irving I. Gottesman demonstrated that the proportions of IQ variance attributable to genes and environment vary with socioeconomic status. They found that in impoverished families, 60% of the variance in IQ "in a sample of 7-year-old twins" is accounted for by the shared environment, and the contribution of genes was close to zero.
It is reasonable to expect that genetic influences on traits like IQ should become less important as one gains experiences with age. Surprisingly, the opposite occurs. Heritability measures in infancy are as low as 20%, around 40% in middle childhood, and as high as 80% in adulthood. The American Psychological Association's 1995 task force on "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns" concluded that within the white population the heritability of IQ is "around .75." The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, a multiyear study of 100 sets of reared-apart twins which was started in 1979, concluded that about 70% of the variance in IQ was found to be associated with genetic variation. Some of the correlation of IQs of twins may be a result of the effect of the maternal environment before birth, shedding some light on why IQ correlation between twins reared apart is so robust.
There are a number of points to consider when interpreting heritability:
A recent study found that the FADS2 gene, along with breastfeeding, adds about 7 IQ points to those with the "C" version of the gene. Those with the "G" version of the FADS2 gene see no advantage.
Musical training in childhood also increases IQ. Recent studies have shown that training in using one's working memory may increase IQ.
A study of French children adopted between the ages of 4 and 6 shows a possible continuing interplay of nature and nurture. The children came from poor backgrounds with IQs that initially averaged 77, putting them near retardation. Nine years later after adoption, they retook the I.Q. tests, and all of them did better. The amount they improved was directly related to the adopting family's status. "Children adopted by farmers and laborers had average I.Q. scores of 85.5; those placed with middle-class families had average scores of 92. The average I.Q. scores of youngsters placed in well-to-do homes climbed more than 20 points, to 98. On the other hand, the degree to which these increases persisted into adulthood are not clear from the study.
Eric Turkheimer and colleagues (2003), not using an adoption study, included impoverished US families. Results demonstrated that the proportions of IQ variance attributable to genes and environment vary nonlinearly with socio-economic status. The models suggest that in impoverished families, 60% of the variance in IQ is accounted for by the shared family environment, and the contribution of genes is close to zero; in affluent families, the result is almost exactly the reverse. They suggest that the role of shared environmental factors may have been underestimated in older studies which often only studied affluent middle class families.
A meta-analysis, by Devlin and colleagues in Nature (1997), of 212 previous studies evaluated an alternative model for environmental influence and found that it fits the data better than the 'family-environments' model commonly used. The shared maternal (fetal) environment effects, often assumed to be negligible, account for 20% of covariance between twins and 5% between siblings, and the effects of genes are correspondingly reduced, with two measures of heritability being less than 50%.
Bouchard and McGue reviewed the literature in 2003, arguing that Devlin's conclusions about the magnitude of heritability is not substantially different than previous reports and that their conclusions regarding prenatal effects stands in contradiction to many previous reports. They write that:
Chipuer et al. and Loehlin conclude that the postnatal rather than the prenatal environment is most important. The Devlin et al conclusion that the prenatal environment contributes to twin IQ similarity is especially remarkable given the existence of an extensive empirical literature on prenatal effects. Price (1950), in a comprehensive review published over 50 years ago, argued that almost all MZ twin prenatal effects produced differences rather than similarities. As of 1950 the literature on the topic was so large that the entire bibliography was not published. It was finally published in 1978 with an additional 260 references. At that time Price reiterated his earlier conclusion. Research subsequent to the 1978 review largely reinforces Price's hypothesis.
In 2004, Richard Haier, professor of psychology in the Department of Pediatrics and colleagues at University of California, Irvine and the University of New Mexico used MRI to obtain structural images of the brain in 47 normal adults who also took standard IQ tests. The study demonstrated that general human intelligence appears to be based on the volume and location of gray matter tissue in the brain. Regional distribution of gray matter in humans is highly heritable. The study also demonstrated that, of the brain's gray matter, only about 6 percent appeared to be related to IQ.
Many different sources of information have converged on the view that the frontal lobes are critical for fluid intelligence. Patients with damage to the frontal lobe are impaired on fluid intelligence tests (Duncan et al 1995). The volume of frontal grey (Thompson et al 2001)
Much research has been devoted to the extent and potential causes of racial group differences in IQ.
While IQ is sometimes treated as an end unto itself, scholarly work on IQ focuses to a large extent on IQ's validity, that is, the degree to which IQ correlates with outcomes such as job performance, social pathologies, or academic achievement. Different IQ tests differ in their validity for various outcomes. Traditionally, correlation for IQ and outcomes is viewed as a means to also predict performance; however readers should distinguish between prediction in the hard sciences and the social sciences.
Validity is the correlation between score (in this case cognitive ability, as measured, typically, by a paper-and-pencil test) and outcome (in this case job performance, as measured by a range of factors including supervisor ratings, promotions, training success, and tenure), and ranges between −1.0 (the score is perfectly wrong in predicting outcome) and 1.0 (the score perfectly predicts the outcome). See validity (psychometric).
Research shows that general intelligence plays an important role in many valued life outcomes. In addition to academic success, IQ correlates to some degree with job performance (see below), socioeconomic advancement (e.g., level of education, occupation, and income), and "social pathology" (e.g., adult criminality, poverty, unemployment, dependence on welfare, children outside of marriage). Recent work has demonstrated links between general intelligence and health, longevity, and functional literacy. Correlations between g and life outcomes are pervasive, though IQ does not correlate with subjective self-reports of happiness. IQ and g correlate highly with school performance and job performance, less so with occupational prestige, moderately with income, and to a small degree with law-abiding behaviour. IQ does not explain the inheritance of economic status and wealth.
Correlations between IQ scores (general cognitive ability) and achievement test scores are reported to be .81 by Deary and colleagues, with the percentage of variance accounted for by general cognitive ability ranging "from 58.6% in Mathematics and 48% in English to 18.1% in Art and Design".
Correlations between IQ scores and total years of education are about .55, implying that differences in psychometric intelligence account for about 30% of the outcome variance. Many occupations can only be entered through professional schools which base their admissions at least partly on test scores: the MCAT, the GMAT, the GRE, the DAT, the LSAT, etc. Individual scores on admission-related tests such as these are certainly correlated with scores on tests of intelligence. It is partly because intelligence test scores predict years of education that they also predict occupational status, and income to a smaller extent.
According to Schmidt and Hunter, "for hiring employees without previous experience in the job the most valid predictor of future performance is general mental ability." The validity depends on the type of job and varies across different studies, ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. However IQ mostly correlates with cognitive ability only if IQ scores are below average and this rule has many (about 30 %) exceptions for people with average and higher IQ scores. Also, IQ is related to the "academic tasks" (auditory and linguistic measures, memory tasks, academic achievement levels) and much less related to tasks where even precise hand work ("motor functions") are required.
A meta-analysis which pooled validity results across many studies encompassing thousands of workers (32,124 for cognitive ability), reports that the validity of cognitive ability for entry-level jobs is 0.54, larger than any other measure including job try-out (0.44), experience (0.18), interview (0.14), age (−0.01), education (0.10), and biographical inventory (0.37). This implies that, across a wide range of occupations, intelligence test performance accounts for some 29% of the variance in job performance.
According to Marley Watkins and colleagues, IQ is a causal influence on future academic achievement, whereas academic achievement does not substantially influence future IQ scores. Treena Eileen Rohde and Lee Anne Thompson write that general cognitive ability but not specific ability scores predict academic achievement, with the exception that processing speed and spatial ability predict performance on the SAT math beyond the effect of general cognitive ability.
The American Psychological Association's report Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns states that other individual characteristics such as interpersonal skills, aspects of personality, et cetera, are probably of equal or greater importance, but at this point we do not have equally reliable instruments to measure them.
Other studies show that ability and performance for jobs are linearly related, such that at all IQ levels, an increase in IQ translates into a concomitant increase in performance. Charles Murray, coauthor of The Bell Curve, found that IQ has a substantial effect on income independently of family background.
The American Psychological Association's report Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns states that IQ scores account for about one-fourth of the social status variance and one-sixth of the income variance. Statistical controls for parental SES eliminate about a quarter of this predictive power. Psychometric intelligence appears as only one of a great many factors that influence social outcomes.
One reason why some studies claim that IQ only accounts for a sixth of the variation in income is because many studies are based on young adults (many of whom have not yet completed their education). On pg 568 of The g Factor, Arthur Jensen claims that although the correlation between IQ and income averages a moderate 0.4 (one sixth or 16% of the variance), the relationship increases with age, and peaks at middle age when people have reached their maximum career potential. In the book, A Question of Intelligence, Daniel Seligman cites an IQ income correlation of 0.5 (25% of the variance).
A 2002 study further examined the impact of non-IQ factors on income and concluded that an offspring's inherited wealth, race, and schooling are more important as factors in determining income than IQ.
There is a correlation of -0.19 between IQ scores and number of juvenile offences in a large Danish sample; with social class controlled, the correlation dropped to -0.17. Similarly, the correlations for most "negative outcome" variables are typically smaller than 0.20, which means that test scores are associated with less than 4% of their total variance. It is important to realize that the causal links between psychometric ability and social outcomes may be indirect. Children with poor scholastic performance may feel alienated. Consequently, they may be more likely to engage in delinquent behavior, compared to other children who do well.
IQ is also negatively correlated with certain diseases.
Tambs et al. found that occupational status, educational attainment, and IQ are individually heritable; and further found that "genetic variance influencing educational attainment ... contributed approximately one-fourth of the genetic variance for occupational status and nearly half the genetic variance for IQ". In a sample of U.S. siblings, Rowe et al. report that the inequality in education and income was predominantly due to genes, with shared environmental factors playing a subordinate role.
In the United States, certain public policies and laws regarding military service, education, public benefits, crime, and employment incorporate an individual's IQ or similar measurements into their decisions. However, in 1971, for the purpose of minimizing employment practices that disparately impacted racial minorities, the U.S. Supreme Court banned the use of IQ tests in employment, except in very rare cases. Internationally, certain public policies, such as improving nutrition and prohibiting neurotoxins, have as one of their goals raising or preventing a decline in intelligence.
Binet had designed the Binet-Simon intelligence scale in order to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum. He argued that with proper remedial education programs, most students regardless of background could catch up and perform quite well in school. He did not believe that intelligence was a measurable fixed entity.
Binet cautioned:
He spent much of the book criticizing the concept of IQ, including a historical discussion of how the IQ tests were created and a technical discussion of why g is simply a mathematical artifact. Later editions of the book included criticism of The Bell Curve.
Gould did not dispute the stability of test scores, nor the fact that they predict certain forms of achievement. He did argue, however, that to base a concept of intelligence on these test scores alone is to ignore many important aspects of mental ability.
However, IQ tests may well be biased when used in other situations. A 2005 study stated that "differential validity in prediction suggests that the WAIS-R test may contain cultural influences that reduce the validity of the WAIS-R as a measure of cognitive ability for Mexican American students, indicating a weaker positive correlation relative to sampled white students. Other recent studies have questioned the culture-fairness of IQ tests when used in South Africa. Standard intelligence tests, such as the Stanford-Binet, are often inappropriate for children with autism; and dyslexia the alternative of using developmental or adaptive skills measures are relatively poor measures of intelligence in autistic children, and have resulted in incorrect claims that a majority of children with autism are mentally retarded.
Some argue that IQ scores are used as an excuse for not trying to reduce poverty or otherwise improve living standards for all. Claimed low intelligence has historically been used to justify the feudal system and unequal treatment of women (but note that many studies find identical average IQs among men and women; see sex and intelligence). In contrast, others claim that the refusal of "high-IQ elites" to take IQ seriously as a cause of inequality is itself immoral.
In response to the controversy surrounding The Bell Curve, the American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs established a task force in 1995 to write a consensus statement on the state of intelligence research which could be used by all sides as a basis for discussion. The full text of the report is available through several websites.
In this paper the representatives of the association regret that IQ-related works are frequently written with a view to their political consequences: "research findings were often assessed not so much on their merits or their scientific standing as on their supposed political implications".
The task force concluded that IQ scores do have high predictive validity for individual differences in school achievement. They confirm the predictive validity of IQ for adult occupational status, even when variables such as education and family background have been statistically controlled. They agree that individual differences in intelligence are substantially influenced by genetics and that both genes and environment, in complex interplay, are essential to the development of intellectual competence.
They state there is little evidence to show that childhood diet influences intelligence except in cases of severe malnutrition. The task force agrees that large differences do exist between the average IQ scores of blacks and whites, and that these differences cannot be attributed to biases in test construction. The task force suggests that explanations based on social status and cultural differences are possible, and that environmental factors have raised mean test scores in many populations. Regarding genetic causes, they noted that there is not much direct evidence on this point, but what little there is fails to support the genetic hypothesis.
The APA journal that published the statement, American Psychologist, subsequently published eleven critical responses in January 1997, several of them arguing that the report failed to examine adequately the evidence for partly-genetic explanations.


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The right way to deal with Invalid Value For Registry error codes
Please click here to start a quick scan for Invalid Value For Registry as well as connected errors.
Invalid Value For Registry error message codes are typically produced in one way or another by faulty system files in the MS Windows operating-system.
To Fix (Invalid Value For Registry) error you should complete the 3 steps below:
Step 1:
|Download the (Invalid Value For Registry) Repair Utility
Step 2:
|Click the "Scan Now" button
Step 3:
|Then click 'Fix/Repair'. The Repair done.
*File size: 1MB
When you have Invalid Value For Registry error then we recommend that you run an error scan.
This article contains guidance that explains how to successfully treat your Microsoft Windows Invalid Value For Registry errors either manually and automatically. Added to that, this guide can help you to resolve various regularly occurring error code messages associated with Invalid Value For Registry error message which you may well end up with.
Note: This specific post was previously released under WIKI_Q472991
What is Invalid Value For Registry error message?
A Invalid Value For Registry error code is the Hexadecimal format of the error code prompted. It's the typical error format utilised by Microsoft Windows and other Windows compatible applications and driver providers.
This particular code is used by the manufacturer to recognize the error made. This Invalid Value For Registry error message includes a numeric value and a specialised brief description. In some circumstances the error message might have extra parameters in Invalid Value For Registry formatting .The additional numerical code will be the location of the storage sections in which the directions are stored during the time of the error.
What causes Invalid Value For Registry error code?
A Invalid Value For Registry error code can be triggered by Microsoft Windows system file failure. Missing system entries are usually a real danger to the performance of any computer or laptop.
There can be many events that can cause system file errors. An unfinished installation, a partial file deletion, bad deletion of software or devices. It could also be caused if your pc is infected by a pc virus or spyware attack or through an incorrect shutdown of the laptop or desktop. Any of the preceeding actions may well result in the deletion or data corruption of Windows system data files. A damaged system file will give you missing or incorrectly connected documents and data files vital for the accurate working of the program.
The best ways to successfully correct Invalid Value For Registry error?
There are two main techniques to repair Invalid Value For Registry error message:
Advanced Remedy (manual):
1) Start your computer system and then login as the administrator.
2) Click the Get started button then click on Programs, Accessories, Tools, and next click Restore.
3) From the next window, click "Restore my personal computer to an earlier time" and after that press Next.
4) Pick the latest system restore point from the "click a restoration date" list, then click Next.
5) Then click Next on the confirmation window.
6) Restart your system whenever the rescue is finished.
Beginner Remedy (totally automatic):
1) Download and open the (Invalid Value For Registry) fix application.
2) Setup software and click Scan button.
3) Press the Fix Errors button as soon as the scan is successfully done.
4) Restart your computer system.
Here is a link to an alternative Invalid Value For Registry recovery utility you can try if the previous program does not work anymore.


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Britain will not follow the US in letting its citizens patent "business methods", says the Department of Trade and Industry. A clutch of patents on business methods have been filed in the US, but many faced fierce opposition for being too obvious or lacking in novelty. The most notorious patent is from Amazon.com for buying goods online with "one click" of the mouse. "Our key principle is that patents should be for technological innovations," says DTI minister Patricia Hewitt, who has also called for clarification of Europe-wide laws on the types of software that can be patented.
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Who Should Damian McGinty Date on Glee? [SEASON 3 POLL]
We can't get enough of Damian McGinty's character Rory on Glee. Thankfully, there'll be even more of him in the new year. A new year in which one lucky Glee gal will get to spark up a romance with the Celtic cutie, now that Rory has asked his Christmas sponsor Sam (Chord Overstreet) to also be his Valentine's Day sponsor (as seen at the end of Season 3, Episode 9, "Extraordinary Merry Christmas").
Though it's clear that Rory won't be hooking up with his initial crush Brittany (Heather Morris) anytime soon, there's still plenty of single ladies to choose from. And since Damian himself can't seem to choose just one, we've picked out the five characters we think would be best suited for him. (Now if only there were a way to convince Damian to start dating us...)
5. Sunshine Corazon
Okay, so the odds of Sunshine Corazon (Charice) returning to Glee at this point seem about as likely as us finishing our Christmas shopping before December 24th. But we still think these two shy-but-sweet foreign exchange students with enviable pipes would be an ideal match.
4. Lauren Zizes
Let's be honest: We may have been getting a little tired of Lauren (Ashley Fink) and Puck (Mark Salling) — a.k.a. Pizes — by the end of Season 2, but we do find ourselves missing the occasional appearance by that hilariously brassy gal. And now that Puck has moved on to pining after his baby (adoptive) mama, we think it would be fun to see her bring Rory out of his shell a bit. Can't you just see Puck giving Rory tips on dating Lauren, Cyrano-style?
3. Sugar Motta
Since Lauren may be gone from Glee, it'd be equally fun for Rory to have a shot with The Troubletones' Sugar (Vanessa Lengies), a.k.a. "Lauren 2.0." (We're not the only people who think Sugar and Lauren are basically the same character, right? Didn't think so.) It would be nice for Sugar to have a little more to do on the show, and we actually think they might be cute together. Let's just hope somewhere down the line Sugar doesn't decide to express her love for Rory via song.
2. Quinn Fabray
This season, Quinn (Dianna Agron) has become about as popular as a slushie makeover. On the surface, she and Rory might not seem like an obvious fit, but Quinn has proven to have a soft spot for the dorky-but-cute type (see: Sam!). Plus, we have a feeling that Rory's wide-eyed, ready-to-please demeanor (coupled with that amazing falsetto) could bring Quinn's
sexy sweetness back.
1. Harmony
This one seems like a no-brainer. How perfect would a relationship be between the characters played by Glee Project runner-up Lindsay Pearce and winner Damian? (It would also give us a chance to see Linsday beyond what's supposed to be her last episode, December 6's "Hold on to 16"). Bonus: This Glee 'ship could amp up Rachel and Harmony's tension over competing for a spot at NYATA. Then again, if we were Rory, were not sure we'd want to get on Rachel's bad side. (Translation: We hope he doesn't mind getting sent to a crack house, a la Sunshine.)
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Under Armour Men's Nightmare Walleye
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Product DescriptionStay cool in the Nightmare Walleye Tee from Under Armour and look cool doing it. The nightmare walleye graphic was designed by an independent Maryland-based artist. The 100% Charged Cotton fabric is ultra-soft with the added benefit of moisture-wicking and quick-drying properties. HeatGear technology ensures the ultra-lightweight shirt stays cool and protects you in temps over 75°. Loose fit offers a full range of motion. Imported.


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MSI Z97M GAMING Motherboard Review
Towards the end of production of the Intel Z77 chipset, MSI launched a new line-up to help compete against the likes of ASUS with ROG, Gigabyte and their G1 and ASRock with the Fatal1ty range. Unless you've been living under a rock you should already know this line-up to be the MSI GAMING series. Which of course has been a huge success and helped propel MSI above the competition. This was down to good pricing, good performance and of course good looks. The new look of the GAMING clearly needed a new face to which MSI chose the rather cool looking GAMING Dragon, which features heavily on the packaging for every product in their range, even more so within the motherboard range with the Dragon styled north and southbridge heatsinks and they looked fantastic. However a few years down the line (and chipsets), MSI have moved away from the aggressive teenage looks of the past and grown up with a more sophisticated and adult look. We first saw this design with the MSI Z97 GAMING 5 and it not only looked great, but performed so well that pcG James gave it our prestigious Platinum award! So when offered the opportunity to take a look at the smaller MSI Z97M Gaming Motherboard, how could I say no?
MSI® GAMING motherboards are designed to provide gamers with best-in-class features and technology. Backed by the imposing looks of MSI's Dragon, each motherboard is an engineering masterpiece tailored to gaming perfection.
Amazing sound with Audio Boost 2, powered by Creative Sound Blaster Cinema 2
USB Audio Power
The highest frag and the lowest lag with Killer™ E2200 Game Networking
Push your SSD to the limit with M.2 & SATA Express
Show off your gaming skills to the world with XSplit Gamecaster
SteamOS ready out of the box
Military Class 4 components
Super stable with Guard-Pro
Specialized production lines just for GAMING motherboards
OC Genie 4
Gaming Device Port
Boost your FPS with the MSI GAMING APP
Click BIOS 4 (click here to visit our dedicated BIOS page)
Optimized for multiple graphics cards (SLI & CrossFire certified)
Take control with Command Center & Live Update 6


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A spokesman for the Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) announced this morning (March 3) that full URBTIX services, including counter booking services at all 36 URBTIX outlets, telephone reservation and Internet booking, have resumed.
URBTIX services were temporarily suspended at 10am yesterday (March 2) due to a system problem. Initial investigations by the service contractor revealed that the interruption was caused by the malfunction of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the URBTIX System. Services of URBTIX outlets and telephone reservation resumed at 3.30pm yesterday, while service for Internet booking resumed at 1am today. The department apologises for any inconvenience caused to patrons.
It was the first time that the suspension of URBTIX services was caused by a DNS breakdown. The department has asked the service contractor for an investigation report and to draw up improvement measures to prevent similar incidents in future.
Ends/Tuesday, March 3, 2009


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President Obama's proposed "Buffett Rule" reminded me of a blog I wrote a few months ago on the impact of the recession on millionaire incomes and the taxes they pay. It may sound circular, but if you are going to tax millionaires, you need millionaires to tax. But recent IRS data for 2009 indicates that the recession did more to reduce the number of millionaires than any surtax.
Comparing the 2009 data to the pre-recession data for 2007 shows that not only did the number of millionaires fall by 40 percent, but the overall income of millionaires fell by 50 percent. The result for the U.S. Treasury was that 54 percent of the total drop in tax revenues during this period was due to the falling tax collections from millionaires.
Table 1 shows the total number of tax returns by income group. In 2007, there were 392,220 tax returns reporting $1 million or more in adjusted gross income (AGI). In 2009, by contrast, there were 233,435 millionaire returns, a drop of nearly 159,000, or 40 percent.
Of the total number of tax returns filed each year, millionaires' share of returns declined from 0.3 percent to 0.2 percent.
Table 2 compares the amount of AGI reported by each income group in 2007 to 2009. Overall, American's incomes dropped 12 percent from 2007 to 2009. However, millionaires' income dropped 50 percent during this period to $702 billion from $1.4 trillion. While the total amount of AGI for all taxpayers dropped by roughly $1.04 trillion, the reduction in millionaires' income comprised 67 percent of that total loss in AGI.


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Hawthorne Valley Farm (www.hawthornevalleyfarm.org) is seeking a creamery operations manager to join its team. This position is full time with benefits.
Main responsibilities include: oversight of daily operation; production scheduling; financial management; quality control; sanitation procedures; assurance of compliance with certifying, state, federal agencies
Qualifications: 5-year management and business experience; strong communication/organizational skills; good working knowledge of on-farm-food-processing – preferably dairy; affinity and interest working in an "educational" environment; flexibility; team player
Send application to: email@example.com


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CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa AEGON, the Netherlands-based corporate parent of Transamerica with operations in Cedar Rapids, on Thursday reported a higher third-quarter net profit on realized gains on investments, more favorable results on fair value items and lower impairments.
Net income for the quarter that ended on Sept. 30 was $476.3 million, up sharply from $76.4 million in the same quarter of 2011 when AEGON had weak investment gains and wrote down the value of some businesses.
AEGON said underlying earnings, a nonstandard measure used to indicate the operating performance of its insurance business, rose 31 percent to $601 million.
Sales slipped to $1.97 billion in the third quarter from $2.06 billion in the same quarter of 2011.
AEGON said new life insurance sales of $515.8 million were stable as increased sales in the United States and the effects of favorable currency movements were offset by lower sales in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain.
Accident and health sales increase 24 percent to $242 million driven by growth in the U.S.
AEGON said it is seeing strong sales of retirement-linked products in the U.S. through its Transamerica unit as baby boomers hit pension age.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather


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Specialties Offered
Dr. Jonathan D. Nussdorf succeeded Dr. Richard Hesse as Chairman in 2008. Dr. Nussdorf received his bachelor's degree from the University of California in San Diego and a Master's degree in psychology from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He earned his medical degree from the University of Louisville in 1991 and completed his internship, ophthalmology residency and glaucoma fellowship at Ochsner in 1996. He then returned to Louisville and while in private practice, continued his research and professional volunteer activities before returning to New Orleans to join the Ochsner staff in 1999. His practice and professional interests include glaucoma management and consultation, cataract and intraocular lens implantation, and participation in the training of glaucoma fellows and ophthalmology residents. Dr. Nussdorf is board certified in ophthalmology and is a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Glaucoma Society, and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Dr. Nussdorf practices at the Ochsner Medical Center on Jefferson Highway in New Orleans and Chabert Medical Center in Houma.
Watch Hello Health on TV: Glaucoma-Are You at Risk? with Dr. Jonathan Nussdorf
Titles Held
Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology
Clinical Interests
Glaucoma management and consultation, cataract and intraocular lens implantation
Languages Spoken
Certifications Held
American Board of Ophthalmology
- Medical School: Univ. of Louisville School of Medicine
- Internship: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation
- Residency: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation
- Fellowship: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation


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Haris Andrianakis writes:
This is a project i designed a year ago but never built, because of not enough spare time. This month i found some free time so i started building it and i send the pcb layout for manufacturing.
All started when i received some IV-11 vfd tubes from an ebay seller i ordered from and i started testing and prototyping by first trying to simple light up the VFD tube.
A VFD tube works like a 7-segment led display with some small differences.
A) The Filaments. The Filaments exists to power the tube. We have to supply these two pins with 1.2Volt and nothing more (polarity doesn't matter).
B) The Grid. The Grid is like the common anode of a 7-Segment LED display. So the Grid has to be pushed high at 60Volt (in these tubes) in order the segments to be able to light up.
C) The Segments. The Segments light's up simple by pushing them high at 60Volt.
IV-11 VFD Tube Clock Final Design – [Link]
Fabrication d'une lampe triode από F2FO
Ante Vukorepa draws our attention to this video of Claude Paillard, a French radio amateur (F2FO), making his own tubes (also known as thermionic valves) from scratch. "The video depicts the whole process, from winding the filament through making the glassware, assembly and vacuuming, to testing. Pretty awesome!"
For more information on Claude's activities as well as links to articles on vintage radio topics, go to Claude's website. (In French; if English is needed, click on the Google translate link at the top of Claude's webpage.)
Homebrew electronic tubes – [Link]
This is a PDF in English published in 1947 and features 45 complete schemes of tube amps, including diagram drawing material list and description of operation. Ideal for anyone interested in old amplifiers (Vintage) and the supporters as well as a modern valve amplifier. The power of the circuits presented in the book ranges from 1 to 75 Watts.
Practical Amplifier Diagrams – Tubes Audio Power Amplifiers – [Link]
The excellent book on transmitters that offer contains 467 pages of information in English about transmitters. Radio Transmitters was published in 1961 by engineers at the laboratory of ITT radio transmission.
Here's a whole book dedicated to transmitters! Targeted at professional engineers rather than hams, this covers it all from oscillators through power amps, modulators, power supplies, and antenna matching.
Radio Transmitters – Tube power RF Circuits – [Link]
z097dsa writes:
This is a project for a Russian IN-13 bargraph Nixie tube to use it as an indoor room thermometer. It is named "NixieTherm" and is also available as a fully complete kit incl. enclosure as shown at www.Nixiekits.eu
The IN-13 is a special construct of a gas discharge Neon display and works similar to the well know Neon bulb in illuminated mains power switches or as Nixie tubes. But this bargraph has a current depending length of the glow. As all other cold discharge tubes also the IN-13 needs a "little bit more" high voltage to work; at least 120VDC. The current through the tube must be limited, normally with a resistor. In the NixieTherm this is done with a high voltage transistor, as we need a variable current from 0….4.5mA.
Analog IN-13 bargraph Nixie tube thermometer – [Link]
Matt Renaud writes:
It's time for a little confession: I don't always spend as much time on my power supply designs as I should. Sometimes I get excited about my latest circuit and after looking for just the right tubes, output transformers, coupling caps, and low noise resistors, the power supply design becomes almost an after thought. Sometimes things turn out ok and there are no problems. Other times I end up with bad voltages, unacceptable power supply sag, channel crosstalk, or worst of all, a hum that I just can't seem to eliminate. It's at these times that I always wish I had taken a little more time to get it right.
The truth is, there is no reason to suffer power supply set backs like this. The design of basic tube power supplies is actually very straight forward. And, if we rely on the excellent work of those who've come before us (O. H. Schade, N. H. Roberts, D. L Waidelich, H. J. Reich), we don't even need to tackle any advanced math or taxing mental gyrations to arrive at some truly excellent power supply designs.
Power Supply Design for Vacuum Tube Amplifiers – [Link]
Bruce Heran writes:
This is a project that I always wanted to do, but managed to put off for a long time. It has been over a year in the doing. Partly because there are so many good phono preamps in existence and I was slightly concerned that it was beyond my design skills. It took over a year to get it up to my satisfaction. There were several iterations and lots of frustration along the way. My goal was to make a preamp that would not embarrass the builder with inferior performance. I used a number of commercial products for comparison. My thought was why bother to design and build something that was already available for a lower cost. As it turns out, it was not as inexpensive nor un-complicated as I first hoped.
The Groovewatt Tube (Valve) RIAA Phono Preamp Project – [Link]
adafruit.com writes: [via]
Dan has taken an Ice Tube Clock, added a Roving Networks WiFly (RN-134) module, and wrote some firmware to add some more features to the clock. He has added time synch, weather data display, and even a Twitter display. He currently has it setup to alternate between the time, the weather and a Twitter message.
Wifi Ice Tube Clock – [Link]
This single-Ended (SE) 6550 design is based on a minimonitor constructed by Lars Ohlsson of ElektroAkustik & Music.
The single-ended amplifier circuit uses a 6550 high power tetrode vacuum tube in the output stage. A 12DW7 or 7247 is used to drive the output stage. The 12DW7 / 7247 is a dual section triode, the first section has a gain factor of 20 and the second section a gain of 100. You can think of it as one-half of a 12AX7 and one-half of a 12AU7 in the same envelope. New production JJ ECC832 tubes are a suitable replacement for the 12DW7 and 7247 which are no longer in production. C2 and C3 should be good quality film capacitors. The cathode bypass capacitors C1 and C4 will also have some impact on the sound and good quality low ESR capacitors are suggested.
Single-Ended (SE) 6550 Tube Amplifier Schematic – [Link]
elektronika.ba writes:
This is a new and improved version of "Warm Tube Clock" – the open source Nixie clock project. Important hardware changes between this new version and the previous one are:
– Timekeeping is more accurate and is done by DS3231 (or DS3232) RTC IC
– There is no DS18S20 temperature sensor – the internal one of RTC IC is used instead
– Backup battery is not powering AVR anymore, but only the RTC IC
– There is no "slide switch" to control the alarm – now it is done in firmware
– Crystal on PCB is optional and can be chosen up to 16 MHz. It clocks AVR and GSCLK pin of TLC59401 IC
– Pin-compatible with previous version of Nixie "shields"
Warm Nixie Tube Clock – [Link]


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Post-trip: The South of India: Kerala & Cochin
Some 1,300 miles south of Delhi lies a paradise of sandalwood-scented beaches ... stunning southern Indian architecture ... legendary cuisine ... and multicultural European ports. Add to that an enviable reputation as India's most advanced, peaceful, literate, and ecologically-minded state. Discover the best of it by land, and by cruising its idyllic backwaters aboard a traditional houseboat.
- It's Included:
- Airfare from Delhi to Cochin and from Cochin to Mumbai
- Accommodations for 2 nights aboard our houseboat, 2 nights in Cochin, and 1 night in Mumbai
- 15 meals—6 breakfasts, 4 lunches, and 5 dinners
- 6 small group activities
- Services of our own resident OAT Trip Leader, who speaks English and the native language
- NEW for 2015: Gratuities for local guides, ship crew, drivers, and luggage porters
- All transfers
hiddenDay 1Fly to Cochin (Kochi) • Board houseboat • Welcome Dinner
Enjoy an early breakfast this morning before your flight from Delhi to Cochin (also called Kochi). Upon arrival at Cochin we'll transfer to the jetty to board our comfortable small, private houseboat. After checking in to your rooms here, your Trip Leader will give you a brief orientation with afternoon tea or coffee.
Our two- or three-cabin boat has teak and cane paneling, antique furnishings, local accents, and a dining lounge with panoramic views. You'll sail along placid, mirror-like lagoons, fringed by palms and resplendent with birds and wildlife, and watch local fishermen cast their nets or women wade in the clear waters, fishing in their bare feet. This afternoon, we'll find a suitable place to anchor, enjoying this unique scenery while we eat lunch.
Later, we'll enjoy a special Welcome Dinner onboard.
hiddenDay 2Houseboat cruising
We cruise on our houseboat all day today. Relax on board and observe the everyday lives of the villagers along the river and canals. At various stops along the way, we'll go ashore to meet local people—and maybe partake in a cup of famous Southern Indian "Meter High Tea." You can also try your hand at fishing as we cruise along.
hiddenDay 3Transfer to Cochin • Optional Kathakali dance performance
We have breakfast onboard, and then disembark for the drive to Cochin. Cochin is a storied South Indian city layered with Jewish, Portuguese, Chinese, and British influences. After having lunch in the old fort area, we tour Cochin's intriguing sights, including St. Francis Xavier's Church, the original burial site of Vasco de Gama (who is now interred in his native Portugal). We'll explore Cochin's multicultural influences further at the harbor, where we view the distinctive fishing nets that are strongly purported to be Chinese in origin.
Late this afternoon, you might join us for an optional Kathakali dance event. Kathakali is the theatrical dance of Kerala, known for elaborate performances and formerly staged only for the rulers of Kerala. Women participate in modern performances, breaking the tradition of an all-male cast, as they enact an episode from the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics. Complex costumes and elaborate facial paint (heroes have green faces; villains have red or black; and holy men and women have yellow) enhance the moods, emotions, and inner sensibilities that are shown by expression, gesture and action. Drama is added with the narrative verse, sung with an accompaniment of drums, cymbals and other instruments.
Dinner tonight is included at a local restaurant in Cochin.
hiddenDay 4Explore Cochin
After breakfast this morning, we'll explore Cochin city proper. We'll see remnants of the melting pot culture that emerged here as a result of the spice trade in the blend of Dutch and English architecture and in the elegant cheena vala (Chinese fishing nets) for which Cochin is known. We'll stroll the intensely aromatic streets of the old Jewish quarter, once the center of the spice trade and today home to spice shops that sell cardamom, ginger, turmeric, cloves, and cumin. As the scents mingle together, you may find it challenging to distinguish one from another, but the spices' magnificent colors are nonetheless a feast for the eyes.
We'll visit the Mattancherry Palace, also known as the Dutch Palace for its tiled roof and whitewashed walls. But the colorful murals we'll find here—some of the best examples of Hindu temple art in India—are the main attraction.
This part of town is also home to one of the world's oldest Jewish populations. At the Pardesi Synagogue, which was founded in 1568, be sure to have a look at the ornate, hand-painted Cantonese tiles decorating the floor, and see if you can decipher the love story depicted in the images. Please note: If this day falls on a Saturday, the Synagogue tour will be unavailable, since the building will be closed.
After lunch on your own, we'll enjoy a cruise of the harbor and a better look at the famous fishing nets. This evening, we'll gather for an included dinner at a local restaurant.
hiddenDay 5Fly to Mumbai
Fly to bustling Mumbai this morning, India's largest and most dynamic city. Surrounded on three sides by the Arabian Sea, Mumbai sits upon what used to be a tropical archipelago made up of seven distinct islands. Archaeologists surmise that these islands have been populated since at least the Stone Age. Today, the "City of Gold" is the hub of India's finance, fashion and entertainment industries. More than half of India's maritime cargo ships out upon Mumbai's glittering harbor, and more films are produced annually here than in any other city in the world—hence the moniker "Bollywood."
After we arrive and check in to our hotel, we'll depart for a city tour that includes Dhobi Ghat, "the world's largest outdoor laundry," where locals gather daily, and colorful hanging fabrics create a rainbow effect. We'll move along to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, now known as Victoria Terminus in honor of Queen Victoria, or "Bombay VT" to the locals. This historic railway station and home base of Mumbai's Central Railway boasts stunning Victorian Gothic architecture and beautifully ornamental fixtures, some of which were painstakingly crafted by students at the Bombay School of Art. Dinner this evening is at a local restaurant.
hiddenDay 6Explore Mumbai • Return to U.S.
Continue your discoveries of Mumbai today. We'll spend some time exploring the Gandhi Museum and Library housed within the mansion known as Mani Bhavan. Then we'll enjoy lunch at a local restaurant.
This evening, transfer to the airport for your overnight flight to the U.S.


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Air sorties arranged for Kargil & Gurez on Monday
Filed Under: Media & Tech, World | Posted: 01/27/2013 at 10:07AM
Comments | Region: India
Srinagar, January 27(Scoop News) – Air sorties arranged for Kargil and Gurez stranded passengers on Monday
Subject to fair weather, two sorties of AN-32 Kargil Courier, Indian Air Force plane, have been planned on Monday, 28th January between Kargil and Srinagar. Passengers have been asked to contact the concerned Liaison Officer.
Meanwhile, arrangements have also been made for airlifting stranded passengers of Gurez. Two sorties of Mi-17 have been planned between Bandipora to Kanzalwan and Bandipora to Baruab on 28th January. Passengers can contact the Addl DC Bandipora and SDM Gurez.
Volunteers hold social service camp at Hazratbal
On the occasion of Eid-e-Milad un-Nabi (SAW) a social service camp had been organized by Civil Defence, in collaboration with J&K Bharat Scouts and Guides, at Hazratbal, Srinagar since 25th January. The volunteers assisted the people visiting the ne, provided them refreshments and also helped the traffic police in regulating the traffic. The volunteers were led by ASI (M) Shabir Ahmad Khan and District Training Com, Imran Khan. Dy. Chief Warden, CD Srinagar, Aamir Ali conveyed appreciation to the volunteers for their selfless service, on behalf of Deputy Commissioner, Srinagar, Baseer Ahmed Khan, who is also the Controller, Civil Defence, Srinagar and DIG CD, Mubarak Ahmed Ganai.


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I am using css3 for "button", It is running well on every browser but it's showing different in iPad. I think it takes the default properties of iPad so I apply "-webkit-appearance:none;" but it is not working.
My CSS Properties are – background:#1356b4; border:solid 1px #0e4189; border-radius:5px; transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out; -webkit-appearance:none;.
And html code is simple span class button and input.
Please help me if someone having any solutions.
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by Margaret Muthiga, Member of the IRA Teacher Advisory Panel
The Reading Club at our Kilimo Primary School in Kenya organizes Orphans Day once a year. This year was no exception. On 1st June 2012 the reading club visited Haven of Hope children's home. Their time table was tight. The main objective was to "take reading further."
The children's home was founded by a former student of our school. The idea of starting the orphanage came to her when she picked up an infant left along the rail line. Though young and not married she took the challenge of keeping the baby when the security requested her to keep the child. From then on many babies have been brought to her. She now has 35 kids.
Every year we invite orphans to our school. We organize them according to their ages and give them different activities to do, from reading to games. This year we visited them, and it was fantastic! We taught the kindergarten children how to read and play reading games. In the reading competition for grade one, some children read and won gifts while the ones who never won cried and vowed to win the next time.
Listening in Sadness
When we learned how the children came to be at the orphanage, it was a sad moment. One could hear a pin drop—it was all ears and eyes glued to the little boys and girls as the story unfolded. One of the children whose parents died of AIDS, leaving him and his two sisters to fend for themselves, said, "I don't know why God took both my parents and later took my grandmother as well. What would become of us?" he asked.
He then went on to explain that "My uncle has taken all of my parents' savings and our beautiful home and lives there with his family. May be God had a purpose for us being left by those we loved, and maybe that is a lesson to you to always love and obey your parents."
Another child was found thrown in a pit latrine immediately after she was born. Her cry attracted children who were passing there on their way to school who then went to the police and reported. The police removed the infant and took her to hospital and later registered the child with Haven of Hope children's home. She is named Angel and she is two months old now. We thank God she survived.
Every year when we celebrate Orphans Day, we remember these children as some of the persons who don't get access to reading books and other basic needs. Our children always go out of their way to extend their small hands to reach out to the needy young and old. Apart from helping the orphans, the children and I guide and counsel the sick, especially the infected children. Children also carry extra plates to feed those less fortunate.
The orphans also drew pictures to show their gratitude to Kilimo Primary Reading Club. We donated foodstuff, clothes, story books, and drawing material.
Making Winners of the Apparently Ordinary
The Reading Club has helped the children to improve their academic performance and reading skills. One of the school rules for joining the club requires students to read four story books and then write the same story in their own language to the Kiswahili or English teacher. Membership motivates the pupils to compete in classes by reading fluently so as to be appointed as a class librarian, which automatically gives you the ticket to join the reading club. This activity has made it even possible for the school to continue leading in the national examination every year in the district.
The task of the excellent teacher is to stimulate apparently ordinary people to unusual effort. The tough problem is not in identifying winners but it is in making winners out of ordinary people. May God bless TAP and IRA as we endeavor to do what we know is best for the children in our classrooms.
A hug is the shortest distance between friends, and each child in our classes is such a friend. I leave you with a final thought from the Kilimo Primary School Reading Club: "POVERTY IS THE WORST FORM OF VIOLENCE."
In the photographs below, students in The Reading Club play reading and writing games with the orphans, read books to them, and receive instructions from Teacher Margaret.
Margaret Muthiga is a senior teacher at Kilimo Primary School in Nakuru County, Kenya, firstname.lastname@example.com.
This article is an addendum to an article from the August/September 2012 issue
of Reading Today. IRA members can read the interactive digital version of the magazine here. Nonmembers: join today!