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They say what doesn't kill you makes you stronger, but that's not true for the US's iconic aspen trees.
They appeared to survive a severe drought between 2000 and 2003, but it is now clear that it fundamentally weakened them. If the same is true for other tree species, climate change may be pushing many forests perilously close to a tipping point.
Ever since the drought in western North America, aspen trees have been dying at an alarming rate, a phenomenon now known as sudden aspen decline. In some places, nearly a fifth of the trees – one of the main species in western US forests – have died.
Earlier this year, William Anderegg of Stanford University in California and his colleagues showed that the trees were dying mainly from water stress (PNAS, doi.org/fgfbsk). But it was unclear why they were still dying years after the drought had ended.
Air bubble intrusion
To find out, the team looked at the xylem, or water-conducting pipes, of declining aspen trees in Colorado. As trees lose water through their leaves, they suck up more through their roots. The drier the tree, the harder it must suck, but if it sucks too hard, air bubbles can creep into the xylem, interrupting water flow.
When Anderegg experimentally induced such cavitation in aspen twigs, he found that it developed more readily in those that had been through the drought, whether apparently healthy or dying. "There seems to have been some damage that would leave them more vulnerable to future water stress," says Anderegg.
Some evidence suggests that the stress of previous cavitation during the drought may have cracked the seams where xylem tubes connect, making it easier for air to creep in – and this so-called "cavitation fatigue" is still there nearly a decade later.
Tipping point
This means prior drought stress may make trees more likely to die from a later drought, says Anderegg. Since much of the world will experience more severe droughts as climate changes, researchers will need to take this into account when trying to predict the fate of the world's forests. "Accounting for history is going to be pretty key," says Anderegg.
This could be very bad news for forests. A recent study showed 70 per cent of tree species in 81 forest sites worldwide, from moist forests to arid ones, are already close to their threshold for drought-induced cavitation.
If every severe drought lowers this threshold, many of these species might be pushed past the tipping point to mortality. "Our forests are potentially going to change a lot," says that study's co-author John Sperry at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
Journal reference: Global Change Biology, DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12100
If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.


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Theatergoers knew the woman in the starched gray uniform next to the orchestra as "Miss Phyllis." A Baltimore institution, she ushered them to their seats and chatted with them at intermission at the Mechanic Theatre and elsewhere for almost a half-century.
Phyllis M. Bagwell, who rarely missed an opening night, became Baltimore's scrapbook, carrying memories of hundreds of actors and shows that had passed through the city since 1944.

subset: commoncrawl


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Rated 3.8 out of 5 by 264 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Christine17 Perfect Getaway for Spring Training My husband and I stayed at the Crescent with two other couples for a Spring Training weekend trip. Our reviews were mixed; we had the best experience of our group and enjoyed our stay there. The hotel was conveniently located in central Phoenix, right off the 17, splitting the distance between Glendale and Tempe (the two baseball parks we were going to). There were restaurants, bars, and shops within walking distance/short drive and the free parking was appreciated and easily accessible. There were all types of guests there: a lot of spring training baseball fans, little league tournament teams, and some businesspeople. The atmosphere was mostly a little wild between the youth teams and baseball fan adults trying to squeeze in some pool time between games. The bar was usually bustling before and after game times. We only went to the pool on the Friday afternoon. We had to scavenge for towels and call to order food over the phone via room service, and it was delivered poolside. Everyone loved their meal: wings, burgers, and I had a delicious salad. The waterslide was way more fun than it looked, it picked up speed halfway down and all of us 30 year olds loved it as much as the kid riders. The slide attendant on duty rescued a rider (50 year old man) who became disoriented underwater at the end. He jumped in (with clothes and shoes on) and saved the guest's life! The rooms were pleasant, bed and linens were very comfortable, and the adjustable shower head had good water pressure. The bedding and furniture seemed modernized, while the tile in the bath was a tad dated. But it all felt clean and fresh as a whole. Our room was the closest possible to the freeway, but we never noticed any noise. It was smaller in size than our friends' rooms, because we had asked for a king rather than two queens, and it was an endcap room. The standout was the staff. Everyone we spoke with was pleasant and courteous, and some people went above and beyond to make sure we were happy. A concierge set up a fire pit for us, a lost bag of mine was found and kept in the manager's office (with a laptop inside it, and nothing missing!), and money for the housekeepers was left on the table because there wasn't a note with it. A very honest, hard working team. To top it off, an error was made on our final bill upon check out, and even though the mistake was caught mid transaction, they honored the price given, saving us more money on an already great rate. No better way to end a trip! March 19, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by Seacarl Perfect for a non-resort stay; excellent Platinum recognition and lounge This is a great property when you have business or friends in the Phoenix area but don't want to be in a full-on resort. It still has a decent pool area. But parking is free, you don't have to walk miles and trip over valets to get anywhere. It's convenient to I-17 and reasonably convenient to anything in the northern and western halves of the greater Phoenix area. Entirely comfortable stay. So if you want something more full-service than the limited service hotels but don't need the full resort, this is a great choice. I got excellent Platinum recognition, with a suite upgrade. The lounge offerings are pretty good, with hot appetizers in the evening, and pretty good selection of fruit, oatmeal, cereals, hard boiled eggs in the mornings. And plenty of bottled water. All-in-all a great value. March 15, 2015
Rated 1 out of 5 by Manny081891 Terrible facilities This hotel is probably the worse Sheraton in he network. Old and outdated facilities with unkept amenities and razor thin staff March 12, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by dlpp Wonderful Staff - Very Nice Hotel We stayed 6 nights at the Sheraton Crescent, in February 2015. The facility is beautiful and very well maintained. We enjoyed the water slide! The staff is obviously well trained - very welcoming, accommodating, and friendly, especially Maria who served us at breakfast. Breakfast was delicious! We are ready to book a return trip. February 26, 2015
Rated 3 out of 5 by JoseA Too expensive for the price As everyone has already stated, this property is dated. The nice things about the hotel were that the parking/wifi was free, it is right by the freeway, and that's about it. My room had the TV on the desk so I did not have much workspace. Doors slamming in the hallway could be vividly heard throughout the night. The club lounge ran out of food during happy hour. Overall, this property is not a good value. You are better off staying somewhere else if you are in the area. If you must stay here, do not pay extra for lounge access. February 19, 2015
Rated 2 out of 5 by Will14 Come for Family Fun do NOT come for business This hotel is perfectly suited for vacationing families as it has great outdoor spaces (tennis courts, pool with water slide, etc...), and is located across from a family amusement park. It is not suited for the business traveller as it has little to no Wi-Fi connectivity and no work space (the desktop contained the large flatscreen TV), so you were in a bit of a pinch if you wanted to open up your computer to do work. On the other hand, since the WiFi never worked, I guess it didn't much matter! February 18, 2015
Rated 4 out of 5 by CdP2014 Solid Sheraton I'd say that this Sheraton is a good option for business travelers. Good size rooms. It's in a good location -- close the highway and lots of restaurant nearby December 9, 2014
Rated 1 out of 5 by Angel77 Thanksgiving family visit Unfortunate. It was just unnecessarily bad. November 30, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by 192387324965876324 Love SPG Loyalty This hotel did a fantastic job of making me feel recognized as a loyal SPG traveler. They went above and beyond with a room upgrade and fruit platter. Also, their lounge is quite nice and has a pretty good morning and evening spread. November 19, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by jschwarz I'd definitely stay again This Sheraton was clean and beautiful, and as a person who works for Starwood hotels and therefore stayed under an employee rate, you really couldn't beat the experience. Brett at the Front Desk gave me a gorgeous corner room, and I loved it. It was clean and quiet and comfortable and lovely. The only things I'll say - and these are for feedback only, neither would not deter me from coming back at all - is that the Internet that I paid $10 a night for was very slow on my laptop, and would not connect on my phone at all. The other thing is that I used Make A Green Choice, and so my room wasn't serviced the first two nights, but I did request a coffee refresher at the desk and did not receive it. No other complaints at all! Lovely property, easy access to the freeway, pleasant staff, great experience. November 15, 2014
Rated 2 out of 5 by Ritchie07 Hire a Security Guard for Off Hours Like the previous review, I arrived late night - 2am. The front door to the hotel was locked. I rang the buzzer at least 12 times before the night manager woke up and let me in. I've had better sevice at the night window at budget motels. Arranged a wake-up call which never arrived. Called to inquire about why it was missed and was put on hold for 10 minutes. Serious improvement needed in hotel staff training. And please, either keep the front lobby door open or hire a night security guard, the locked door and buzzer does not work for weary travelers. November 11, 2014
Rated 3 out of 5 by PatBrew86 Late night check-in staff in need of training I arrived a little before mid-night. After a long & tiring flight, all I wanted was to be greeted by my spg staff, be given the spg treatment and head to my bed. There was already someone in line before us and he wasn't being acknowledged by the check-in staff member. After about 5 minutes, the staff member hung up the phone and proceeded to check the person in front of us in. When it was our turn to check in we received no spg member recognition, we weren't offered our free gift, so after taking the elevator to my room I called the front desk which didn't answer and then headed back down to ask for our gold member gift, free wifi. We reserved a room w/ club access and had to go back down to the front desk after seeing that we weren't given access. Tired, weary travelers arriving late in the evening would just like some care and comfort. That's why I became an owner. This is the second Starwood hotel that I've stayed at that had poor late night check-ins. I'm hoping for better treatment for the rest of the trip. November 6, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Randy61 Great Hotel I have only one thing that isn't big...I miss not having a refrigerator. Otherwise, the stay was fantastic. October 25, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by beckery we always stay here when in Phoenix very convenient location - we always stay here when in Phoenix….this hotel is a great example of why to stay at a Sheraton! The kids love the slide by the pool. The rooms are always very clean AND quiet! The best feature is the "club floor" where breakfast and evening snacks and beverages are available. Check in was very easy and fast. One of my all time favorite hotels! October 10, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by cdavis039 Thank you Received the handwritten thank you note - nice touch that made me feel very welcomed and appreciated. October 10, 2014
Rated 3 out of 5 by bear21 false adverstising and needs improvement I recently stayed here because we were moving my daughter into college. I was surprised about how reasonably priced it was and I guess you get what you pay for. I booked with Sheraton because they are a reputable name in the hotel industry and because they said they had queen beds (the other hotels in the area only stated double). However, I was very disappointed. The website claims that they have queen beds, not so. These beds are the double beds if that. When I talked to the front desk in regards to the size of the bed, they told me that they are not traditional size queen beds, but are specially made for the hotel a bit smaller!! This to me is false advertising! Also, we had to change rooms three times. They claim they are smoke free, but our first room smelled like smoke. The second room we went to we had to change because it obviously had not been cleaned well and there was a big spider/spider web on the ceiling that when they came to kill the spider, several baby spiders dispersed onto the ceiling. The third room finally was moderately satisfactory and we were tired of changing rooms! The lobby is very nice and I will say the staff is extremely friendly and accommodating. The hotel is definitely older and needs updating and if they claim to have queen size beds, then get them. September 1, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by WineAdvisoryGroup Good Value Option This is a good option for those requiring a Starwood property and are looking for value. An older hotel but well maintained and rooms have been redone. Executive level is nice... offering mid level breakfast and evening service.... espresso machine is very much welcomed. Loved that it remains open on the weekends! Platinum recognition very good. My son loved the slide at the pool and the basketball court. The staff is very nice with a good attitude. Free parking and fast wifi a plus. August 30, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by RGG57 Repeat Experience This was my second business trip to Phoenix in 3 months and my second stay here. That should tell you that I had a good experience the first time and had the same good experience the second time. I like the Sheraton brand and find this hotel both convenient and comfortable. Meets all my needs as a business travel plus provides a great pool for relaxation after a long day! I recommend getting a room on the Club level. It doesn't cost that much more and the amenities in the Lounge more than make up for the expense. August 27, 2014
Rated 1 out of 5 by brwnis bad! I was being charged double for one week and now that I am not there I am again being charged. it just messed up my whole bank account now I am missing over $600. regret staying there. I was told it was resolved which is untrue. August 26, 2014
Rated 1 out of 5 by thisplaceishorrible Horrible Experience I was at the hotel with a group Seminar. We checked in on Friday afternoon. Upon check in the front desk billed my card for the room charge after I told them we were with a group. We went out to the pool around 3:00 and there was only one other family there. The bar/food was not open. We sat under a gazebo. When the bar/food opened we were told we had to leave because we had not paid for day use of the gazebo. REALLY...there was no one there and it was 4:00. The attendant working there was Matthew and he was very rude! He also instructed the other family with a very small child there they had to move. I asked if we could stay because there was literally no one else at the pool and it was already 4:00. I was told NO. We then just moved our chairs in front of the cabana we were sitting at. After a while about 5 other people came to the pool area. At that time we were told again we had to move our chairs because the pool area was "filling up". Honestly, there were at that time maybe 10 people including our party, I have pictures to prove it. I was very upset and as Matthew walked away he commented to another guest that he didn't know what my problem was. Do not talk about guests to other guests. Very unprofessional. To top it off Matthew also told us that he wasn't happy that the family that was there earlier with the small child was sitting under the gazebo eating subway. Well.....the food/bar was not open. Again, this was a small toddler! We ordered drinks that were the worst we have had and cost 10.00 each. We had to throw them out they were so bad. This person should not be in the service industry! I had a guest with me who is a General Contractor and in the process of remodeling some areas of Metro Center. He was considering housing out of town associates at this location. However, after this experience there is no way! Do not recommend this place for anything! To top it off my room charge is still incorrect and I am having to call and find out what is going on. August 26, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by bclmjl Incredible Accomodations Our stay was wonderful and the staff was very attentive and kind. The grounds were beautifully maintained and the rooms and lobby area very clean and elegant. August 25, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by Lucky5 Beautiful Resort I went to the restaurant twice for dinner. Very slow service, inattentive to customers. However, the food was very good. August 24, 2014
Rated 3 out of 5 by Girl12 Average experience I had a good time except I had problems with my cold water pressure, had to hot water in the sink. The cafe, the indigo Bistro was good had nice quality food. I love the fitness, recreation center. August 16, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by jbnonc very nice hotel very nice hotel- no complaints. found the staff to be very flexible and accommodating. August 12, 2014
Rated 3 out of 5 by Lux2012 This hotel needs a face lift. The lobby was presentable but the room was too dark and old looking it could use a more fresh look. The repairs that have been done in there are noticeable. The street/highway noise was a bit much. August 10, 2014
Rated 1 out of 5 by Nic77 Not Recommended I was there for 1 night. I checked in and dropped my bags off at the front at 8P, upon my return at 11P, my bags were still not in my room. I called the front desk and the person who answered the phone said, "I just got here, I have no idea." Finally received my bags around 11:30P. Called for a wake up call, never got one. In the morning, went to the gym, came back, got in shower, there was a cockroach crawling on my shower stall, I left promptly. August 5, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by PhillyGuy Perfect for Business Traveler Hotel was convenient, easy to locate and overall stay was excellent August 4, 2014
Rated 3 out of 5 by leatha1960 Expensive, Pretty but SLOWW Food I would like to see this hotel improve the access to the coffee pot for mornings. Maybe add a wet bar, or at least something substantially close to the water needed for coffee and a little wider for acoutriments. August 3, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by 58Kevin Great Hotel While we only spent one night at this hotel, our stay was met with friendly and courteous staff, great facilities, and awesome food service. It was a large meeting we attended and the staff was very responsive with information, directions, and took time to carefully explain hotel policies to us. The room was comfortable with a great view. August 1, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by EventPlanner2014 This hotel has excellent services and amenities The quality of services and amenities at this hotel is always excellent. I have found the staff to be efficient and helpful. I would highly recommend. July 23, 2014


text:
Date of Award
Winter 12-2008
Degree Type
Professional Report
Degree Name
Master of Public Health (MPH)
School of Public Health
The Kisumu Medical and Educational Trust (KMET) has created a peer-to-peer outreach project, Sisterhood for Change (SFC), which has been created to train girls and young women on reproductive health issues and thus become community peer educators. This program is now in its third cycle of students and currently has two groups of young women (age 12-24) who have been through life skills training and learned to be reproductive health peer educators; they have also gained vocational training in order to give them alternatives to commercial sex work or reliance on males for money. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the pilot project by interviewing and observing the first 25 women to be involved in the project, interviewing their relatives, interviewing staff members close to the project, and assessing the participants' impact in their communities. By using multiple research methods (i.e., interviewing, focus group meetings, participant observation, and surveying) and multiple sources of information, triangulation was achieved to gain a larger view of the successes and challenges in the pilot year of the SFC Project.
Recommended Citation
Timmons, C.
"The Sisterhood for Change Project Evaluation" Fort Worth, Tx: University of North Texas Health Science Center;


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BM (3Fb)
BM (3Fb) is part of Luis Mallo's Open Secrets, a recent group of photographs taken in museums in New York City and elsewhere. The series focuses on storage areas and reveals hidden spaces not typically accessible to the public. This image, from the Brooklyn Museum, shows storage for sculptures whose identity in most cases is partially obscured by protective wrapping. The photographer's careful composition represents only a fragment of a larger whole, revealing the beauty within the more or less organized structure of museum storage while not decoding the system itself. Mallo does not stage or rearrange any items, and his mostly straightforward composition aspires to an objective viewpoint. The combination of sometimes random objects, however, creates a sense of mystery and reminds us that collections are not always easy to classify.
- Portfolio/Series: Open Secrets, 2006-2009
- Artist: Luis Mallo, born Cuba, 1962
- Medium: Chromogenic photograph
- Dates: 2008
- Dimensions: 30 x 39 in. (76.2 x 99.1 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Photography
- Museum Location: This item is not on view
- Accession Number: 2009.60.5
- Edition: Edition: 2/5
- Credit Line: Gift of the artist
- Rights Statement: ©Luis Mallo
- Caption: Luis Mallo (born Cuba, 1962). BM (3Fb), 2008. Chromogenic photograph, 30 x 39 in. (76.2 x 99.1 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of the artist, 2009.60.5. ©Luis Mallo
- Image:
- Record Completeness: Best (81%)


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Book Search
Europe and Developing Countries in the Globalized Information Economy
Employment and Distance Education
Series: UNU/INTECH Studies in New Technology and Development
This volume explores the challenges and the opportunities created by the rapid growth of 'telematics'. European firms benefit through lower labour costs and access to big new markets in the fields of education and training. At the same time European governments are concerned about jobs disappearing...
Published June 10th 1999 by Routledge
The Politics of Technology in Latin America
Series: UNU/INTECH Studies in New Technology and Development
This collection sets out to explore technology policy in Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s. It is based on country studies and industry studies in the main Latin American economies and examines the political turmoil surrounding protected industrialisation in these countries....
Published February 1st 1996 by Routledge
Winning the Battle to Lose the War?
Brazilian Electronics Policy Under US Threat of Sanctions
A US/Brazil trade conflict on the Brazilian protectionist electronics policy developed during 198589. In that period and under the threat of trade sanctions, a few changes were made in the Brazilian policy. Major consequences of the conflict were felt after its conclusion. It was one important...
Published August 18th 1994 by Routledge


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RIM Preparing New Business Features for BlackBerries
Article Comments
Top message: This is good for RIM by DoubleHelix
Replying to: Re: This is good for RIM by JeffroPuff
Re: This is good for RIM
JeffroPuff said:
"BlackBerry is doomed" or iOS and Android are the future!
They might be the future, only time will tell. However iOS & Android do not have the security feature such as a BES that Blackberry users have. That is why banking security companies use more Blackberry's than any other device.
I agree, Blackberry's are not really designed for the consumer. Yes, the browser is really slow. That being said, they are really easy to use for people who want the occasional ability to go online, check emails & text. Along with tethering their device to a computer.(Not saying that other devices cannot do the same) I take nothing away from iOS or Android. To say Blackberry is doomed ,when I sell more Blackberry's to corporations than the I phones & Androids put together (for security reasons). To me means you haven't done your research. And yes, I am in corporate sales, not retail. Maybe someday Rim will come out with a consumer based device(I'm not holding my breath.), but until then. They are the best devices for business that require data security.
- Re: This is good for RIM by JeffroPuff


text:
Cosmic Hate Sweets Backpack
(approx. $35.60 or €32.30)
- Product Type: Backpack
- In Stock
- Usually Ships in 1-2 Days
- UK & Worldwide Delivery
- StockID: 150090
Do you hate love? Then this awesome Cosmic backpack is the perfect way to show off your sour side. This delicious bag is covered with hate sweets including 'FML', 'It's Over' and 'Drop Dead'.


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NICEVILLE - The Fine and Performing Arts Division at Northwest Florida State College will present two free performances of "Thoroughly Modern Millie Jr." on Wednesday at 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. at the Mattie Kelly Fine and Performing Arts Center's Sprint Theatre (the smaller of the 2 theater venues at the arts complex, seating on a first-come basis), Niceville Campus.
No ticket is required. The 36 students in the college's summer musical theater workshop, titled "Camp Glee", will present the performances of this delightful one-hour show which takes place in New York City in 1922.
"Thoroughly Modern Millie Jr." tells the story of young Millie Dillmount, who has just moved to the city in search of a new life for herself. It's a New York full of intrigue and jazz - a time when women were entering the workforce and the rules of love and social behavior were changing forever.
Based on the popular movie, the stage version of includes a full score of new songs and bright dance numbers. The "Camp Glee" participants have been studying choreography, acting, voice, makeup and staging this summer at the college. Take your lunch break and enjoy a fun show and support these young rising stars in theater.


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"My goal: Less guilt, more common sense -- whether we're talking baby care, child care, elder care, or self care."
I focus on women's inner lives and outer roles, from babycare to eldercare: her health, self-identity, stressors, relationships, and sexuality.
* Deep domain expertise in health and wellness, Alzheimer's and dementia, family, pregnancy, parenting, aging, eldercare
* My 11 books include Surviving Alzheimer's, Momfidence! and 7 collaborations, including a New York Times bestseller
* Highest-quality research, writing, and editing (with engagement metrics, awards, and happy editors/sources to prove it)
* Former contributing editor to Woman's Day, Parenting, and BabyTalk magazines and at Caring.com
* Spokesperson: national TV ("The Oprah Winfrey Show," etc.), keynote speeches, presentations, webinars, radio tours, major magazine and newspaper interviews
* Extensive network of top-tier thought leaders in health and medicine
I live in the San Francisco Bay Area. (I'm the former Paula Spencer.)
Follow me on Twitter: @PSpencerScott


text:
February 3, 2005 1:32 PM PST
Sirius to broadcast Super Bowl in five languages
- Related Stories
Comcast, Fox strike S.F. HDTV dealJanuary 27, 2005
Bloggers tackle the Super BowlJanuary 26, 2005
The play-by-play radio streaming of Sunday's championship game will be available in English, Spanish, German, Japanese and Mandarin to subscribers across the nation. Sirius already has an agreement with the National Football League to broadcast games over its satellite network.
In addition, the company plans to beam NFL special programming prior to the game. That programming will include interviews with players and coaches from the contending New England Patriots and Philadelphia Eagles, visits with NFL all-stars and live coverage of press conferences. The live programs will also be aired on the NFL's official game site.
Football fans attending the Super Bowl in Jacksonville, Fla., will receive a transistor radio from Sirius as a souvenir. The radio can be tuned to special in-stadium feeds of Sirius NFL Radio, Fox TV and the NFL Network. During the game, fans will be able to listen to the audio of the Fox TV broadcast, the local and national radio broadcasts and the Spanish language broadcast. Fox TV has already agreed to supply a high-definition TV feed of the games to Comcast in the San Francisco Bay Area.
This year's Super Bowl will also be an opportunity to gauge whether blogs have arrived as a major medium. Cincinnati-based IntelliSeek is planning to deploy a panel of consumer bloggers to critique the commercials during the game.


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Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman and Paul Henreid, and featuring Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre. Set during World War II, it focuses on a man torn between, in the words of one character, love and virtue. He must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her Czech Resistance leader husband escape from the Vichy-controlled Moroccan city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Nazis. Although it was an A-list film, with established stars and first-rate writersJulius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Howard Koch received credit for the screenplayno one involved with its production expected Casablanca to be anything out of the ordinary; it was just one of dozens of pictures produced by Hollywood every year. The film was a solid, if unspectacular, success in its initial run, rushed into release to take advantage of the publicity from the Allied invasion of North Africa a few weeks earlier. Despite a changing assortment of screenwriters frantically adapting an unstaged play and barely keeping ahead of production, and Bogart attempting his first romantic lead role, Casablanca won three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Its characters, dialogue, and music have become iconic, and Casablanca has grown in popularity to the point that it now consistently ranks near the top of lists of the greatest films of all time.
The film is set in early December 1941. Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart) is a bitter, cynical American expatriate living in Casablanca. He owns and runs "Rick's Café Américain", an upscale nightclub and gambling den that attracts a mixed clientèle: Vichy French, Italian, and Nazi officials; refugees desperately seeking to reach the United States, as yet uninvolved in the war; and those who prey on them. Although Rick professes to be neutral in all matters, it is later revealed that he had run guns to Ethiopia to combat the 1935 Italian invasion, and fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco's Nationalists. From left to right: Paul Henreid, Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains and Humphrey Bogart. Ugarte (Peter Lorre), a petty criminal, arrives in Rick's club with "letters of transit" obtained through the murder of two German couriers. The papers allow the bearer to travel freely around German-controlled Europe and to neutral Portugal, and from there to America. The letters are almost priceless to any of the continual stream of refugees who end up stranded in Casablanca. Ugarte plans to make his fortune by selling them to the highest bidder, who is due to arrive at the club later that night. However, before the exchange can take place, Ugarte is arrested by the local police under the command of Captain Louis Renault (Claude Rains), a corrupt opportunist who later says of himself, "I have no convictions... I blow with the wind, and the prevailing wind happens to be from Vichy." Unbeknownst to Renault and the Nazis, Ugarte had entrusted the letters to Rick because "... somehow, just because you despise me, you are the only one I trust." Ugarte dies in police custody without revealing the location of the letters. At this point, the reason for Rick's bitterness re-enters his life. His ex-lover, Norwegian Ilsa Lund (Ingrid Bergman), enters Rick's establishment with her husband, Victor Laszlo (Paul Henreid), a famous fugitive Czech Resistance leader who has escaped from a Nazi concentration camp. The couple need the letters to leave for America to continue his work. German Major Strasser (Conrad Veidt) arrives in Casablanca to see to it that Laszlo does not succeed. When Laszlo makes inquiries with Signor Ferrari (Sydney Greenstreet), a major figure in the criminal underworld and Rick's friendly business rival, Ferrari divulges his suspicion that Rick has the letters. Laszlo meets with Rick privately, but Rick refuses to part with the documents, telling Laszlo to ask his wife for the reason. They are interrupted when Strasser leads a group of officers in singing "Die Wacht am Rhein", a patriotic German song. In response, Laszlo orders the house band to play "La Marseillaise", the French national anthem. When the band looks to Rick for guidance, he nods his head. Laszlo starts singing, alone at first, then long-suppressed patriotic fervor grips the crowd and everyone joins in, drowning out the Germans. In retaliation, Strasser has Renault shut down the club. That night, Ilsa confronts Rick in the deserted café. When he refuses to give her the letters, she threatens him with a gun, but is unable to shoot, confessing that she still loves him. She explains that when they first met and fell in love in Paris, she believed that her husband had been killed attempting to escape from the concentration camp. Later, with the German army on the verge of capturing the city, she learned that Laszlo was in fact alive and in hiding. She left Rick without explanation to tend to her ill husband. With the revelation, Rick's bitterness dissolves and the lovers are reconciled. Rick agrees to help, leading her to believe that she will stay behind with him when Laszlo leaves. When Laszlo unexpectedly shows up, after having narrowly escaped a police raid on a Resistance meeting, Rick has waiter Carl (S. K. Sakall) secretly take Ilsa back to the hotel while the two men talk. Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Laszlo reveals that he is aware of Rick's love for Ilsa and tries to get Rick to use the letters to at least take her to safety. However, the police arrive and arrest Laszlo on a minor, trumped-up charge. Rick convinces Renault to release Laszlo by promising to set him up for a much more serious crime: possession of the letters of transit. To allay Renault's suspicions about his motives, Rick explains that he and Ilsa will be leaving for America. When Renault tries to arrest Laszlo as arranged, Rick double crosses Renault, forcing him at gunpoint to assist in their escape. At the last moment, Rick makes Ilsa board the plane to Lisbon with her husband, telling her that she would regret it if she stayed, "Maybe not today, maybe not tomorrow, but soon and for the rest of your life." Major Strasser drives up by himself, having been tipped off by Renault, but Rick shoots him when he tries to intervene. When police reinforcements arrive, Renault pauses, then tells his men to "Round up the usual suspects." Once they are alone, Renault suggests to Rick that they leave Casablanca and join the Free French at Brazzaville. They walk off into the fog with one of the most memorable exit lines in movie history: "Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship."
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Active Ingredients: Castor Oil (8%), Geranium Oil (6%), Soybean Oil (3%), Cedarwood Oil (1.5%), Citronella Oil (1.0%), Peppermint Oil (0.5%), Lemongrass Oil (0.25%).Inert Ingredients: (79.75% total): Purified Water, Coconut Oil, Glycerin, Lecithin, Sodium Bicarbonate, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Wintergreen Oil. (Patented base HOMS formula)
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Q&A Forums Registered User
Posted: 7/14/2012 5:29 PM EST
Why job safety meeting are so important!
Yesterday, there was an explosion destroying a 40' tall exhaust tower. (I know, Friday 13th) My rig was parked just 150' away from where the explosion occurred. Fortunately, my crew was working at the other end of the facility doing some prep work. I, on the other hand, had just stepped out of my truck by my trailer to pick up supplies when the explosion took place. The shock wave was strong enough to push me back almost knocking me to the ground.
On our first day of the project we all attended a mandatory job safety meeting. Part of the meeting entailed what to do in the event of an emergency. All personal were to go to the front gate and stay there, which I did. My first response to the facility personal was to go get my crew out. They refused to let me leave saying there could be a second explosion. We were not permitted cell phones in the facility so I couldn't even call them. After the longest few mins. here they were walking toward the gate just as directed at the safety meeting. So, safety meetings may be boring, but they are important. Because of it, my guys knew what they were supposed to do. You just don't know when something is going to happen.
The cause of the explosion is currently under investigation.
It's ironic too because most of the facility personal were in the middle of a safety training class when this happened:)
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text:
Cheney accused of blocking Californian bid to cut car fumes
By Dan Glaister (the Guardian) - December 27, 2007
The US vice-president, Dick Cheney, was behind a controversial decision to block California's attempt to impose tough emission limits on car manufacturers, according to insiders at the government Environmental Protection Agency.
Staff at the agency, which announced last week that California's proposed limits were redundant, said the agency's chief went against their expert advice after car executives met Cheney, and a Chrysler executive delivered a letter to the EPA saying why the state should not be allowed to regulate greenhouse gases.
EPA staff members told the Los Angeles Times that the agency's head, the Bush appointee Stephen Johnson, ignored their conclusions and shut himself off from consultation in the month before the announcement. He then informed them of his decision and instructed them to provide the legal rationale for it, they said.
"California met every criteria … on the merits," an anonymous member of the EPA staff told the Times. "The same criteria we have used for the last 40 years … We told him that. All the briefings we have given him laid out the facts."
In an editorial, the New York Times described the decision as, "an indefensible act of executive arrogance that can only be explained as the product of ideological blindness and as a political payoff to the automobile industry".
Johnson said that because Bush signed an energy bill last week which raised fuel economy standards, there was no justification for separate state regulation. The president, the agency said, had provided a "clear national solution" and there was no need for a "confusing patchwork of state rules to reduce America's climate footprint from vehicles".
But Johnson's staff gave him the opposite advice, warning him that should he block California, the state would probably sue him in the courts and would probably win. The state's governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, immediately announced that he would challenge the EPA's ruling in the courts, describing it as "legally indefensible".
California had wanted to implement a 2002 law limiting greenhouse gas emissions from cars and lorries. Had it been successful, 16 other states had said they would follow suit, effectively creating a national standard that car makers would have been obliged to follow.


text:
Welcome to West Meadows Primary School website.
2014/15 is our year of Reading! Click here to see what we have been doing!
This web site has been designed to bring you the latest news and information about our school and to give you a flavour of what it's like to be at West Meadows Primary School.
At West Meadows we believe all children are entitled to a secure and happy environment in which they are encouraged to become independent, considerate to others and to make the most of their abilities.
Our children are well behaved, hardworking and tell us that they really enjoy coming to school. They also tell us how safe and well cared for they feel.
The school is well supported by a dedicated staff, a challenging governing body and supportive parents and carers.
We work hard together to provide the very best education for our children in an environment which nurtures and cares for every individual.
If you are considering sending your child to West Meadows Primary School then we hope the information contained in the following pages will help you in your decision about your child's future.
If you would like to see us in action, or have questions to be answered, you are most welcome to visit.
I look forward to meeting you.
Mrs M Marsh
West Meadows Primary is a good school. It is firmly set on an upward path due to the purposeful vision of the head teacher and the commitment by staff, at all levels, to achieving this.
The school has worked tenaciously to forge strong links with parents and carers... Parents and carers are now fully supportive of the school. Their typical references to 'good school, good head teacher, good teachers' accurately sum up the school.
Safeguarding is an outstanding aspect of the schools' work.
Pupils are good ambassadors for school within the local community.
High quality pastoral support is at the heart of the schools' work.
Comments (34)Show Comments
happy new year miss westwood
I miss this school so much now i moved thanks to every teacher
Webanywhere. Great site.
To miss brown , teaching assistants and year 6 - you are the best and I am sad to move ;(
Hi I love this school it the best miss brown so sad ihave to leave thx for teaching me ur the best
Hi miss steele i am going to miss you when i go in to year 3
Thank you for inviting me to deliver sex and relationships education sessions with Y6. The children were extremely mature and asked lots of sensible questions. I was made to feel very welcome.
i like this school its the best school ever.
I will miss this school so much i have learnt a lot of things this is such an amazing school
I love this school


text:
FATAL diseases are threatening a comeback among American children as insurers fail to meet the costs of immunisation.
Half the doctors who responded to a survey by Gary Freed of the University of Michigan Health System in Ann Arbor said they had delayed purchasing new vaccines against childhood diseases like meningitis. Twenty per cent of family doctors said they were considering halting vaccinations of privately insured children.
The combined cost of recommended vaccines trebled between 2000 and 2008, to $1500 per child, and health insurance schemes now seldom cover the full cost (Pediatrics, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2033). "The market does not seem to be responding well to the immunisation needs of our country," says Stephen Berman of the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.
In the UK, measles is becoming more common among children whose parents shunned the MMR vaccine following now discredited claims that ...
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Monalisa Das| The News Minute| July 16, 2014| 4.50 pm IST
In January this year, Butel Devi, 45, of Birkera Tangritoli village in Jharkhand, was brutally killed by unknown assailants; all because she was believed to be a witch. Her sons Bheron and Arjun were later ostracized by the villagers.
Butel Devi's murder is not an isolated case; in fact it has become a common occurrence in Jharkhand. According to the latest National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, 54 women were murdered in Jharkhand alone in 2013, the highest in the country, with witch-hunting as motive.
Over 400 women have been killed on suspicions that they were daayans or witches, since 2001 when Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar.
Jharkhand is a state with heavy tribal population. Women are regularly branded witches in these regions, tortured both physically and mentally, tied to trees and beaten up, their heads tonsured and eventually savagely murdered. Those who are not killed are ostracized by society and face continuous mental harassment.
Sadly, there is no national law against witch hunting in the country.
Although it is difficult to believe that such regressive practices still exist in the 21st century, witch-branding and hunting is common in several central and eastern states in India like, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam and Bihar.
Talking to The News Minute, Ajay Kumar- Secretary of Association for Social and Human Awareness (ASHA)- an NGO in Jharkhand, said that in the last 20 years around 1,300 women have been killed in the state because they were suspected to be practising witch-craft. Official estimates are much lower.
How are women branded as witches?
Witch-branding usually begins when something drastic happens in the area, like the sudden death of a person, or an epidemic in the village and even bad crop. With minds steeply rooted in superstitions, the villagers need an outlet to dump their anger and frustrations on. Women, mostly single or widowed, then find themselves at the receiving end.
However, Kumar points out that it is not just superstition that drives such horrific executions. "Single women are mostly targeted because they are weak and have no one to support or defend them. Also if a woman does not marry or is widowed, usually is entitled to her father's or husband's property. In an attempt to get hold of the property, jealous relatives or villagers seek such illegal methods".
"Women who turn down sexual advances are also branded daayans", he adds.
What is even more chilling is the fact that most of these incidents happen with the support of the entire village.
A report inThe Mint states a similar incident in the state in September 2009. An unmarried 37-year-old woman and her 60-year-old mother were killed because villagers thought them to be witches. The mother's body was later found with marks on her neck suggesting she was hanged. The daughter's body, however, was never found.
The News Minute had reported on Bihurama Ganju, a resident of Gurunjuli village along the Assam-Arunchal border who was beaten to death on July 3 by villagers for allegedly practicing witchcraft. Government records show that 66 women have been killed between 2005-mid 2013 in Assam.
Need for stricter legislation
There is a law is in place in some states to prevent such atrocities. The Prevention of Witch Practices Act, 2001 for example is a part of the Jharkhand state's legislation, its implementation is very poor.
Earlier this month, Free Legal Aid Committee, an NGO in Jharkhand, made a demand for a National Law to control the menace in the country, especially against tribal and poor women.
Kumar of ASHA, blames the government for its insensitivity towards the issue. "What do you expect from a state that has seen a change in chief ministers so frequently since the state was formed?" he asks. "There has been development in the state, but only in terms of infrastructure, that too the areas depending on which party is in power. The government only shows an interest where they can get money", Kumar further adds.
Describing a recent incident, Kumar says that a woman was declared a witch in the Khuti Panchayat. The Panchayat asked her to pay Rs 2,00,000 lakh. The local police was even reluctant to take up the case. ASHA had to then contact the Superintendent of Police and only then was an FIR lodged.
Who can declare a woman a witch?
Usually an Ojha, who is considered to practice white magic, that's opposed to black-magic practiced by witches, brands a woman as a witch. Kumar says that there are two types of Ojhas usually. One is someone who has some knowledge of "jari-booti" or herbal medicines, and villagers usually approach them for health issues. The second type is someone who has no such knowledge and just takes advantage of beliefs of people. The second kind is dangerous.
What is needed at this hour is urgent awareness and stricter laws. The present state law is ineffective because firstly, it is hardly implemented, and secondly, the punishment is too lenient. As Kumar points out, awareness can't bear any fruitful results as long as the government does not make any significant effort to sensitize themselves and then the people. Until then, a part of Jharkhand is likely to continue to live in the dark ages.


text:
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Note: The following post was previously written and published under WIKI_Q002271
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