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Presidency of Salvador Allende
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Salvador Allende was the president of Chile from 1970 until 1973, and head of the Popular Unity government; he was the first Marxist ever to be elected to the national presidency of a democracy.[1] Though the 1970 election was lawful, in August 1973 the Chilean Senate declared the Allende government to be "unlawful" in large part due to its practice of unconstitutional expropriation of private property.[2] Allende's presidency was ended by a violent military coup before he could complete a full term in office.
During his tenure, Chilean politics ascended to a state of civil unrest amid strikes, lockouts, economic sanctions, CIA-sponsored propaganda and strikes, and a failed coup in June 1973.
On September 11, 1973, a successful coup led by General Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government of Allende.
During the bombing of the Presidential palace by the Chilean Air Force, President Allende died in uncertain and controversial circumstances, thus, terminating the period of Chilean history known as the "Presidential Republic" (1925–1973).
Allende becomes president[edit]
In the 1970 election, Allende ran with the Unidad Popular (UP or Popular Unity) coalition. Succeeding the FRAP left-wing coalition, Unidad Popular comprised most of the Chilean Left: the Socialist Party, the Communist Party, the Radical Party, the Party of the Radical Left (until 1972), the Social Democratic Party, MAPU (Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario) (in 1972, a splinter group - MAPU Obrero Campesino - emerged) and since 1971 the Christian Left.
Allende received a plurality with 36.2% of the vote. Christian Democrat Radomiro Tomic won 27.8% with a very similar platform to Allende's. Both Allende and Tomic promised to further nationalize the mineral industry and redistribute land and income among other new policies. Conservative former president Jorge Alessandri, standing for the National Party, received slightly under 34.9% of the vote.[3]
According to the constitution, Congress had to decide between the two candidates who had received the most votes. The precedent set on the three previous occasions this situation had arisen since 1932 was for Congress simply to choose the candidate with the largest number of votes; indeed, former president Alessandri had been elected in 1958 with 31.6% of the popular vote.
In this case, however, there was an active campaign against Allende's confirmation by Congress, including clandestine efforts to prevent him taking office, and his presidency was ratified only after he signed a "Statute of Constitutional Guarantees". This statute was suggested as a means to convince the majority of Christian Democrat senators that favoured Allessandri, as they doubted Allende's allegiance to democracy, or at least the UP's. After signing the statute, members of the Christian Democrat party in the Senate gave their vote in favor of Allende. It has been argued that given that less than the majority of the voters voted for him, Allende did not have a clear "mandate" to embark in the policies put forward on his program. But the legality of the election itself is not in dispute.[citation needed]
"The Chilean Way to Socialism"[edit]
In office, Allende pursued a policy he called "La vía chilena al socialismo" ("The Chilean Way to Socialism"). This included nationalization of certain large-scale industries (notably copper), of the health care system, continuation of his predecessor Eduardo Frei Montalva's policies regarding the educational system, a program of free milk for children, and land redistribution. The previous government of Eduardo Frei had already partly nationalised copper by acquiring a 51 percent share in foreign owned mines. The primary U.S. business in Chile at this time was copper mining. When U.S.-owned mines were seized, in most cases, their owners were provided with adequate and prompt compensation. The El Teniente mine of the Kennecott Company was seized by the government for a much higher price than the book value.
Chilean presidents were allowed a maximum of six years, which may explain Allende's haste to restructure the economy. He had a significant restructuring program organized.
At the beginning, there was broad support in Congress to expand the government's already large part of the economy, as the Popular Unity and Christian Democrats together had a clear majority. But the government's efforts to pursue these policies led to strong opposition by landowners, some middle-class sectors, the rightist National Party, financiers, and the Roman Catholic Church (which in 1973 was displeased with the direction of the educational policy[1][4]). Eventually the Christian Democrats united with the National Party in Congress.
The Popular Unity coalition itself was far from unanimous. Allende himself was committed to democracy and represented a more moderate faction of his Socialist Party. He was supported by the Communist Party, that—despite being ultimately less committed to representative democracy—favoured a cautious, gradual approach. For example, Communists urged to find a compromise with the Christian Democrats and supported the application of reforms through Congress. In contrast, the radical leftist wing of the Socialist Party wanted to smash the capitalist system at once, even if that meant violent actions.[5] If one includes smaller parties, Allende's moderate left-wing line was supported by moderate Socialists, Communists, Radicals (Social Democrats merged with that party in June 1972) and part of the MAPU (later: MAPU/OC), whereas the left-wing Socialists (led by Altamirano), the extremist elements of the MAPU, of the Christian Left and the MIR (not belonging to the Unidad Popular) represented the far-left.
During its first year in office, the Allende Government achieved economic growth, reductions in inflation and unemployment, a redistribution of income, and an increase in consumption. The government also significantly increased salaries and wages, reduced taxes, and introduced free distribution of some items of prime necessity. Groups which had previously been excluded from the state labor insurance scheme (mainly the self-employed and small businessmen) were included for the first time, while pensions were increased for widows, invalids, orphans, and the elderly. The National Milk Plan affected 50% of Chilean children in 1970, providing 3,470,000 with half a litre of milk daily, free of charge.[6][7]
The land-redistribution that Allende highlighted as one of the central policies of his government had already begun under his predecessor Eduardo Frei Montalva, who had expropriated between one-fifth and one-quarter of all properties liable to takeover.[2] The Allende government's intention was to seize all holdings of more than eighty basic irrigated hectares.[8] Allende also intended to improve the socio-economic welfare of Chile's poorest citizens; a key element was to provide employment, either in the new nationalised enterprises or on public works projects.
Towards the end of 1971, Fidel Castro toured Chile extensively during a four-week visit.[9] This gave credence to the belief of those on the right that "The Chilean Way to Socialism" was an effort to put Chile on the same path as Cuba.
The short-term economic results of Minister of Economics Pedro Vuskovic's expansive monetary policy were unambiguously favorable: 12% industrial growth and an 8.6% increase in GDP, accompanied by major declines in Chile's long-endemic chronic inflation (down from 34.9% to 22.1%) and unemployment (down to 3.8%). In 1972 the Chilean escudo changed 140%. The average Real GDP contracted between 1971 and 1973 at an annual rate of 5.6% ("negative growth"), and the government's fiscal deficit soared while foreign reserves declined.[10][11] The combination of inflation led to the rise of black markets in rice, beans, sugar, and flour, and a "disappearance" of such basic commodities from supermarket shelves.
In addition to the earlier-discussed provision of employment, Allende also raised wages on a number of occasions throughout 1970 and 1971. These rises in wages were negated by continuing increases in prices for food. Although price rises had also been high under Frei (27% a year between 1967 and 1970), a basic basket of consumer goods rose by 120% from 190 to 421 escudos in one month alone, August 1972. In the period 1970-72, while Allende was in government, exports fell 24% and imports rose 26%, with imports of food rising an estimated 149%.[12] Although nominal wages were rising, there was not a commensurate increase in the standard of living for the Chilean population.
The falls in exports were mostly due to a fall in the price of copper. Chile was at the mercy of international fluctuations in the value of its single most important export. As with almost half of developing countries, more than 50 percent of Chile's export receipts were from a single primary commodity.[13] Adverse fluctuation in the international price of copper negatively affected the Chilean economy throughout 1971-72. The price of copper fell from a peak of $66 per ton in 1970 to only $48–49 in 1971 and 1972.[14] In addition to the hyperinflation, the fall in the value of copper and lack of economic aid would further depress the economy.
Initially, the governing coalition expected the unearned wage increases and the consequent increase in government spending to be corrected once the 'structural changes' like nationalisation and agrarian reforms were completed. However, by June 1972, Allende was beginning to see the economic hazards. The minister of economy was changed and some austerity measures introduced, but to little avail.[15]
Amidst declining economic indicators, Allende's Popular Unity coalition actually increased its vote to 43 percent in the parliamentary elections early in 1973. However, by this point what had started as an informal alliance with the Christian Democrats[16] was anything but that. The Christian Democrats now leagued with the right-wing National Party and other three minor parties to oppose Allende's government, the five parties calling themselves the Confederation of Democracy (CODE). The conflict between the executive and legislature paralyzed initiatives from either side.[17]
Relations with Soviet Union[edit]
Salvador Allende's predecessor, President Frei, improved relations with the USSR. In February 1970, President Frei's government signed Chile's first cultural and scientific agreement with the Soviet Union.
Allende's Popular Unity government tried to maintain normal relations with the United States. When Chile nationalized its copper industry, Washington cut off U.S. credits and increased its support to opposition. Forced to seek alternative sources of trade and finance, Chile gained commitments from the USSR to invest some $400 million in Chile in the next six years.
Allende's government was disappointed that it received far less economic assistance from the Soviet Union than it hoped for. Trade between the two countries did not significantly increase and the credits were mainly linked to the purchase of Soviet equipment. Moreover, credits from Russia were much less than those provided by China and countries of Eastern Europe. When Allende visited Soviet Union in late 1972 in search of more aid and additional lines of credit, he was turned down.[18]
Allegations have been made in a book by Christopher Andrew, based on the handwritten notes of alleged KGB archivist Vasili Mitrokhin that Allende was connected to the KGB.[19] However, these allegations are not accurate because the KGB was not allowed to recruit members from communist or other left wing parties in Latin America, because the Soviet Union thought that doing so had the potential to damage the Communist doctrine or other left wing brother parties. In addition, the Soviet Union did not consider Latin American countries as enemies, so their intelligence was not targeted towards Latin America but towards the United States.[20]
Declarations from KGB General Nikolai Leonov, former Deputy Chief of the First Chief Directorate of the State Security Committee of the KGB, state that the Soviet Union supported Allende's government economically, politically and militarily.[20] Leonov stated in an interview at the Chilean Center of Public Studies (CEP) that the Soviet economic support included over $100 million in credit, three fishing ships (that distributed 17,000 tons of frozen fish to the population), factories (as help after the 1971 earthquake), 3,100 tractors, 74,000 tons of wheat, and more than a million tins of condensed milk.[20]
In mid-1973, the USSR had approved the delivery of weapons (artillery, tanks) to the Chilean Army. However, when news of an attempt from the Army to depose Allende through a coup d'état reached Soviet officials, the shipment was redirected to another country.[20]
United States opposition to Allende[edit]
The United States opposition to Allende started several years before he was elected President of Chile. Declassified documents show that from 1962 through 1964, the CIA spent $3 millions in anti-Allende propaganda "to scare voters away from Allende's FRAP coalition", and spent a total of $2.6 millions to finance the presidential campaign of Eduardo Frei.[21][22]
The U.S. administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon, then embroiled in the Vietnam War and Cold War with the Soviet Union, was openly hostile to the possibility of a second Marxist regime (after Cuba) in the Western Hemisphere. There were clandestine efforts by the U.S. government to prevent Allende from taking office after election: On October 16, 1970, a formal instruction was issued to the CIA base in Chile, saying in part, "It is firm and continuing policy that Allende be overthrown by a coup. It would be much preferable to have this transpire prior to 24 October, but efforts in this regard will continue vigorously beyond this date. We are to continue to generate maximum pressure toward this end, utilizing every appropriate resource. It is imperative that these actions be implemented clandestinely and securely so that the USG and American hand be well hidden".[23]
Regarding the botched attempted-kidnapping and manslaughter of Chilean Army Commander René Schneider on October 22, 1970 (Schneider was a constitutionalist opposed to the idea of a coup preventing Allende from taking office or removing him after the fact), the Church Committee observed: "The CIA attempted, directly, to foment a military coup in Chile. It passed three weapons to a group of Chilean officers who plotted a coup. Beginning with the kidnapping of Chilean Army Commander-in-Chief Rene Schneider. However, those guns were returned. The group which staged the abortive kidnap of Schneider, which resulted in his death, apparently was not the same as the group which received CIA weapons."[24] However, the group which killed Schneider had previously been in contact with the CIA. The agency later paid that group $35,000, according to the Hinchey report, "in an effort to keep the prior contact secret, maintain the good will of the group, and for humanitarian reasons".[25] CIA documents indicate that while the CIA had sought his kidnapping, his killing was never intended.[26] Public outrage over the killing of Schneider cooled sentiments for a coup,[1][26][27] and neither the U.S. nor Chilean military attempted other removal actions in the early years of the Allende administration. On October 26, President Eduardo Frei Montalva (Salvador Allende was inaugurated November 3) named General Carlos Prats as commander in chief of the army in replacement of René Schneider. Carlos Prats was also a constitutionalist.[28]
With Allende in office, the United States reduced economic aid to the Chilean government.
In 1973, the CIA was notified by contacts of the impending Pinochet coup two days in advance, but contends it "played no direct role" in the coup. After Pinochet assumed power, U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger told Nixon that the United States "didn't do it" (referring to the coup itself) but had "created the conditions as great [sic] as possible".[29]
In October 1972, Chile saw the first of what were to be a wave of confrontational strikes led by some of the historically well-off sectors of Chilean society; these received the open support of United States President Richard Nixon. A strike by trucking company owners, which the CIA supported by funding them with US$2 million within the frame of the "September Plan", began on October 9, 1972.[24][30] The strike was declared by the Confederación Nacional del Transporte, then presided by León Vilarín, one of the leaders of the far-right paramilitary group Patria y Libertad.[30] The Confederation, which brought together 165 trucking company business associations, employing 40,000 drivers and 56,000 vehicles, decreed an indefinite strike, paralyzing the country.
It was soon joined by the small businessmen, some (mostly professional) unions, and some student groups. Its leaders (Vilarín, Jaime Guzmán, Rafael Cumsille, Guillermo Elton and Eduardo Arriagada) expected to topple the government through the strike. Other than the inevitable damage to the economy, the chief effect of the 24-day strike was to bring the head of the army, general Carlos Prats, into the government as Interior Minister, as a sign of appeasement.[31] Carlos Prats had succeeded General René Schneider after his assassination on October 24, 1970, by two groups, General Roberto Viaux and General Camilo Valenzuela, who had benefitted from logistical and financial support from the CIA. Prats was a supporter of the legalist Schneider doctrine and refused to involve the military in a coup against Allende.
In March and July 1972, Allende and the Christian Democrats tried to forge a compromise. The moderate Party of the Radical Left, representing the UP coalition in March, held talks with the Christian Democratic Party over regulations of nationalized firms, but ultimately failed, as the minister of economy Pedro Vuskovic boycotted the negotiations and carried out legally dubious expropriations. As a result, the Radical Left also left the UP coalition,[5] hence the coalition lost 5 senators and 7 deputies.[2] In July, the resumed talks were almost going to succeed, until the more conservative elements within the Christian Democrat party managed to break off the negotiations. From that point on, the political life of the country was highly polarized between two opposing camps: the governing left-wing Unidad Popular and the right-wing opposition of Christian Democrats who were allied with the National Party, a vehemently right-wing opposition party.
Congressional resolutions[edit]
On 22 August 1973, the Christian Democrats and the National Party members of the Chamber of Deputies voted 81 to 47, a resolution that asked the authorities[32] to "put an immediate end" to "breach[es of] the Constitution...with the goal of redirecting government activity toward the path of Law and ensuring the Constitutional order of our Nation, and the essential underpinnings of democratic co-existence among Chileans".
The resolution declared that the Allende Government sought "to conquer absolute power with the obvious purpose of subjecting all citizens to the strictest political and economic control by the State...[with] the goal of establishing a totalitarian system", claiming it had made "violations of the Constitution...a permanent system of conduct". Essentially, most of the accusations were about the Socialist Government disregarding the separation of powers, and arrogating legislative and judicial prerogatives to the executive branch of government.
Finally, the resolution condemned the creation and development of government-protected [socialist] armed groups, which . . . are headed towards a confrontation with the armed forces. President Allende's efforts to re-organize the military and the police forces were characterised as notorious attempts to use the armed and police forces for partisan ends, destroy their institutional hierarchy, and politically infiltrate their ranks.[33]
Two days later (August 24, 1973), Allende responded, point-by point to the accusations and, in turn, accused Congress of "facilitat[ing] the seditious intention of certain sectors" and promoting a coup or a civil war by "invoking the intervention of the Armed Forces and of Order against a democratically elected government". He pointed out that the declaration had failed to obtain the required two-thirds majority constitutionally required to bring an accusation against the president and argued that the legislature was trying to usurp the executive role.
He wrote, "Chilean democracy is a conquest by all of the people. It is neither the work nor the gift of the exploiting classes, and it will be defended by those who, with sacrifices accumulated over generations, have imposed it...With a tranquil conscience...I sustain that never before has Chile had a more democratic government than that over which I have the honor to preside". He concluded by calling upon "the workers, all democrats and patriots" to join him in defense of the constitution and of the "revolutionary process".[34]
Final coup[edit]
In early September 1973, Allende floated the idea of resolving the crisis with a referendum. However, the Chilean military seized the initiative of the Chamber of Deputies' August 22 Resolution (which had implored Allende's military removal) to oust Allende on September 11, 1973. As the Presidential Palace was surrounded and bombed, Allende allegedly committed suicide.
See also[edit]
- Vuskovic plan - UP's economic policy
- Chilean nationalization of copper
- Death of Salvador Allende - controversy regarding his death
- ^ a b c Don Mabry, Chile: Allende's Rise and Fall.
- ^ a b c Collier, Simon; William F. Sater (2004). A History of Chile, 1808–1994 (2 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521534840.
- ^ Angell, 1993, p. 50
- ^ CECH - Conferencia Episcopal de Chile [www.iglesiachile.org]
- ^ a b Cohen, Youssef (1994). Radicals, Reformers, and Reactionaries: The Prisoner's Dilemma and the Collapse of Democracy in Latin America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. pp. 98–118. ISBN 9780226112718.
- ^ Zipper, Ricardo Israel (1989). Politics and Ideology in Allende's Chile. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University Press. ISBN 978-0879180645.
- ^ Ricardo Israel Zipper, Politics and Ideology in Allende's Chile
- ^ Faundez, 1988
- ^ Castro Speech Data Base - LANIC - Browse Speeches from 1971
- ^ Flores, 1997: title missing from References
- ^ Stats on declining GDP, in constant dollars http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/chile/gdp-per-capita
- ^ Nove, 1986, pp. 4–12, tables 1.1 & 1.7
- ^ Hoogvelt, 1997
- ^ Nove, 1986
- ^ News From the End of the Earth: A Portrait of Chile. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress: Chile - Constitutional History - Development and Breakdown of Democracy, 1830-1973. Retrieved 11 December 2006.
- ^ "Se desata la crisis" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 22, 2003.
- ^ Mujal-León, Eusebio (1989). The USSR and Latin America: A Developing Relationship. Unwin Hyman. ISBN 9780044451655.
- ^ The Times extract from the Mitrokhin Archive volume II, by Mitrokhin and historian Christopher Andrew[1]
- ^ a b c d Nikolai Leonov, "Soviet Intelligence in Latin America During the Cold War", Lectures by General Nikolai Leonov, Centro de Estudios Publicos (Chile), September 22, 1999.
- ^ "Chile 1964: CIA Covert Support in Frei Election Detailed". The National Security Archive. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Memorandum for the 303 Committee:Final Report: March 1969 Chilean Congressional Election". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
- ^ Kornbluh, Peter. Chile and the United States: Declassified Documents Relating to the Military Coup, September 11, 1973 (National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 8 ed.). George Washington University National Security Archive.
- ^ a b Church Report: Covert Action in Chile 1963-1973.
- ^ Hinchey Report, September 18, 2000.
- ^ a b Gustafson, Kristian C. "Reexamining the Record: CIA Machinations in Chile in 1970". Archived from the original on October 5, 2003.
- ^ Mark Falcoff, "Kissinger and Chile"
- ^ Andrew J. Rhodes, "Chilean Civil-Military Relations"
- ^ Kissinger Telcons on Chile
- ^ a b El paro que coronó el fin ó la rebelión de los patrones, El Periodista, 8 June 2003 (Spanish)
- ^ (Spanish) Comienzan los problemas, part of series "Icarito > Enciclopedia Virtual > Historia > Historia de Chile > Del gobierno militar a la democracia" on LaTercera.cl. Retrieved 22 September 2006.
- ^ "The President of the Republic, Ministers of State, and members of the Armed and Police Forces".
- ^ English translation on Wikisource.
- ^ (Spanish) La respuesta del Presidente Allende on Wikisource.
- Alan Angell (1993). Chile de Alessandri a Pinochet: En busca de la utopía. Santiago: Editorial Andrés Bello.
- Simon Collier & William F. Sater (1996). A History of Chile: 1808-1994. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Julio Faundez (1988). Marxism and democracy in Chile: From 1932 to the fall of Allende, New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Anke Hoogvelt (1997). Globalisation and the postcolonial world, London: Macmillan.
- Henry Kissinger (1970). National Security Decision 93: Policy Towards Chile, Washington: National Security Council.
- Alec Nove (1986). Socialism, Economics and Development, London: Allen & Unwin.
- Don Mabry (2003). Chile: Allende's Rise and Fall.
External links[edit]
- An extensive Spanish-language site providing a day-by-day chronology of the Allende era. This is clearly a partisan, pro-Allende source, but the research and detail are enormous.
- The August 22, 1973 document under which the Chamber of Deputies opposed the Allende regime. This is a solid translation of the document, although the introductory note is clearly that of an apologist for the coup.
- (Spanish) Allende's August 24, 1973 response
- National Security Archive's Chile Documentation Project which provides documents obtained from FOIA requests regarding U.S. involvement in Chile, beginning with attempts to promote a coup in 1970 and continuing through U.S. support for Pinochet


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Local Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Start with Local Government Operations
After adopting the pledge, most Climate Smart Communities begin by conducting an inventory of the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from their own government operations. As a second step, localities can move forward by expanding their inventories to include emissions from the community at large. The How-to page recommends tools for conducting GHG inventories.
GHG inventories provide the basis for successful emissions reduction. With an inventory, a community can set a target for reducing emissions, identify its options and mold an effective local climate action plan for improvements that also can save energy and taxpayer dollars. Inventory updates demonstrate the community's progress in reducing GHG emissions, and reveal any mid-course correction needed to stay on target. Many communities find annual updates to their municipal operations inventories useful, while community inventories can be updated less frequently, e.g., every three to five years.
Nearly all of New York's GHG emissions come from three sectors: transportation (34 percent of total CO2e), residential, commercial and industrial buildings (38 percent), and power supply and delivery (23 percent). Most of the remaining 5 percent of emissions result from agricultural activities and waste management. A detailed statewide GHG emissions inventory is available as a supporting document to the 2009 New York State Energy Plan [link at right].
Conducting a Local Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory
Local governments can inventory GHG emissions from their own operations only, or can seek to account for all GHG emissions within their boundaries.
- Municipal or operational inventories represent an accounting of the GHG emissions associated with local government operations, such as utility usage in government buildings and street lighting, or fuel consumption in municipal vehicle fleets and solid waste management activities.
- Community inventories count both municipal government emissions and emissions from other sources within the municipal borders. Typically counted in a community inventory are utility and heating fuel usage by non-municipal buildings, transportation fuels consumed by vehicles traveling through the municipality, and emissions associated with wastes generated by community residents (even if the wastes are disposed outside the municipality).
To identify opportunities to reduce GHG emissions, the local inventory must be accurate and must support the full scope of the community's climate protection goal. In addition to the inventory of existing emissions, some communities also develop business-as-usual emission forecasts that provide further benchmarks for planning and for monitoring progress.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Resources
GHG emissions inventory protocols ensure that local inventories are accurate and appropriate to meet each community's needs and that they use consistent methods.
The CSC program has in place four regional Climate Smart Community coordinators who are available to provide direct assistance to CSCs within their regions as they conduct their greenhouse gas inventories. Each contractor has developed a regional greenhouse gas inventory for the entire region it serves (see each CSC Coordinator's regional webpage). A fifth CSC contractor is available to provide indirect inventory assistance to communities outside the pilot regions and coordinate regional greenhouse gas inventory efforts conducted under both the Climate Smart Communities and Cleaner, Greener Communities regional sustainability planning programs.
More about Local Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
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Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Nuclear Technology / Volume 145 / Number 3
Masanao Moriwaki, Motoo Aoyama, Takafumi Anegawa, Hiroyuki Okada, Koichi Sakurada, Akira Tanabe
Nuclear Technology
Volume 145 / Number 3 / March 2004 / Pages 247-256
Format:electronic copy (download)
An innovative reactor core concept applying spectral shift rods (SSRs) is proposed to improve the plant economy and the operability of the 1700-MW(electric) Advanced Boiling Water Reactor II (ABWR-II). The SSR is a new type of water rod in which a water level is naturally developed during operation and changed according to the coolant flow rate through the channel. By taking advantage of the large size of the ABWR-II bundle, the enhanced spectral shift operation by eight SSRs allows operation of the ABWR-II with all control rods withdrawn. In addition, the uranium-saving factor of 6 to 7% relative to the reference ABWR-II core with conventional water rods can be expected due to the greater effect of spectral shift. The combination of these advantages means the ABWR-II with SSRs should be an attractive alternative for the next-generation nuclear reactor.
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One Week Left to Give to United Way Campaign
With one week remaining, this year's United Way Campaign has raised nearly 50 percent of its $95,000 goal. As of Monday, Oct. 24, Saint Louis University employees have pledged $44,150.
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Ruth Aitken will head back into the international netball arena next year when she takes over the Singapore side in August.
The long time Silver Ferns coach will first mentor the Mystics in the ANZ Championship, but is giving up a coaching director role with Netball New Zealand.
Aitken says while she's enjoyed helping other coaches develop, she never felt like she was done herself.
"There's something special about actually having your own team, this just now gives us an opportunity to live in a part of the world that is very exciting, and also to help netball develop, so it seems like a win-win for me," she told Radio Sport.
Aitken's contract runs through to the 2015 World Champs, but Singapore has to qualify for the tournament first.


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I am using MSAccess to print some reports. The number of reports is based on
how many records are in the access table. For each access table record I
need to get information from an iseries DB. I am using ODBC and SQL but
seems to be a bit slow. Is there a faster way of performing this function.
Basically I want to chain to the iseries for each record read.
This mailing list archive is Copyright 1997-2015 by MIDRANGE dot COM and David Gibbs as a compilation work. Use of the archive is restricted to research of a business or technical nature. Any other uses are prohibited. Full details are available here. If you have questions about this, please contact


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About Ru
Ru Freeman was born into a family of writers and many boys in Colombo, Sri Lanka. After a year of informal study at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia, she arrived in the United States with a Parker ink pen and a box of Staedler pencils to attend Bates College in Maine. She completed her Masters in Labor Relations at the University of Colombo, and worked in the field of American and international humanitarian assistance and workers' rights. Her political writing has appeared in English and in translation. Her creative work has appeared or is forthcoming in VQR, Guernica, World Literature Today and elsewhere. She is a contributing editorial board member of the Asian American Literary Review, and a fellow of the Bread Loaf Writer's Conference, Yaddo, Hedgebrook, and the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts. She is the author of the novel A Disobedient Girl (Atria/Simon & Schuster, 2009), and On Sal Mal Lane (Graywolf Press), both of which were long-listed for the DCS Prize for South Asian Literature, and translated into multiple languages including Hebrew, French, Italian, and Chinese. She is editor of the anthology, Extraordinary Rendition (OR Books, 2015), a collection of the voices of American poets and writers speaking about America's dis/engagement with Palestine. She is the 2014 winner of the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for Fiction by an American Woman. She calls both Sri Lanka and America home and writes about the people and countries underneath her skin.
Favourite Books
- Barbara Kingsolver, Poisonwood Bible
- Barry Unsworth, Sacred Hunger
- Jhumpa Lahiri, The Interpreter of Maladies
- Lynn Freed, Home Ground
- Rohinton Mistry, A Fine Balance
- Ursula Hegi, Stones From the River
- T. Corraghessan Boyle, The Tortilla Curtain
- Toni Morrison, Sula, Tar Baby
- Vikram Seth, The Golden Gate
- Wendell Barry, The Memory of Old Jack
- Ted Conover, New Jack
- Michael Collier, Make Us Wave Back
- Anne Lamott, Bird By Bird
- Michael Ondaatje, Running In the Family
- Catherine Barnett, Into Perfect Spheres Such Holes are Pierced
- Mahmoud Dharwish, Unfortunately It Was Paradise
- Yehuda Amichai, Selected Poetry of Yehuda Amichai
My family:
- Gamini Seneviratne, Twenty Five Poems: une vie brève mais intense
- Malinda Seneviratne, Epistles


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Palladium / Blue Topaz / London Blue Topaz
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Sterling Silver / Alexandrite
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Rings are potent symbols of power, the circle of life, and promises to keep. At Gemvara, we believe that the rings you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why all our rings are made from scratch in your choice of gems and precious metals. Choose emerald and rose gold or alexandrite and platinum: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from an engagement or anniversary to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Our impressive selection of rings by Carl Ansley, Martha Gomez Gutierrez, Just Like You Designs, and many other jewelry designers means you can find a style that's perfect for you. Because all Gemvara rings are made to order, we can hand-select the finest quality materials to perfectly suit your design. Be careful when washing your hands: rings can easily slip down the drain! Clean rings in a bowl of water with a little mild dish soap. You can use a soft brush where dust collects. Gemvara's fine quality rings are designed to be passed down for generations, hand-crafted by skilled craftspeople in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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Joined: Jun 2010
Location: Gig Harbor
Oddometer: 38
2013 xc-w 450
So I just picked up a new xcw450. While the dealer was doing the PDI they could not get it to fire off. They swapped plugs checked injectors and finally realized the fuel pump was not coming on. They pulled the tank off another bike and plugged it in. Things fired right up. Then they swapped back in the original tank, bike fired right off. They never really figured out what the issue was it just started to work.
I find this concerning. Has this happened to anyone else out here and if so were you able to figure out what the cause was?
Don - Gig Harbor, WA
LC4 six days
Some of my past rides
GSXR1000, FZ1, ZX-10, CBR1000F Hurricane
Sabre V65. CB1100F, CB900F, CB750F, CB750K
Kawasaki 750 H2 Triple, RD350 and RZ350
YZ250F, KDX200, Elsinore MT125
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Mar 2011
Location: Parker, CO
Oddometer: 360
As a '10 Husaberg FE 450 rider (KTM fuel injection guenea pig in other words) I have experience fuel pump failure. KTM should have it dialed by now, have not heard reports of the newer bikes having pump problems like the original FI 'Bergs did. The problem with those was the impeller was too tight to the housing and it would lock up when hot.
If the bike does not start, an easy way to tell if the pump is working it to briefly tap the starter button. You should hear the pump run for a couple of seconds. If ever on the trail and the bike does not start, don't drain the battery cranking it, let it cool and tap the button, listen for the whir. If it does not whir, clap the tank with your hands to vibrate the pump. This has gotten me out of the woods twice If that ever happens to you, replace the pump before riding again. Once they stick (usually during a slow section where the bike gets good and hot) they are done. The pump will stick again and again, with more frequency. This is the original 'Berg experience. I do think KTM has that issue figured out now. If not, CA Cycleworks sells a $125 pump we 'Berg guys have been using that has proven to be bulletproof.
Hoping your case you just had a bad connection from new. That is probably what it was.
Another thing - KTM, for whatever reason, has dicked around a lot with fuel filtration on their FI bikes. I put a filter for a Can-Am fuel injected quad on by 'Berg in the fuel line. It is a small canister type, filters to 11 microns, costs $15. No plugged injectors at 100 hours, and doubt it ever will. The in tank filter (Mahle) is not adequate. Not sure if KTM is still doing the tiny filter up by the injector. Their earlier efforts with that were a disaster - it was really small and fine (10 microns) and clogged easily They went to a 20 micron filter, which is a bit coarse for my taste. The 'Berg guys take those puny things out and run an inline small cannister Can-Am filter, or the blingy Golan billet aluminum filter (10 microns).
Some of us worrywort types (which includes me) take the pump out and safety wire the housing and gently secure the wiring. The idea is to keep things together during the pounding an dirt bike endures. Seems like a wise setup precaution. FI rocks when it is right. The key is to make sure it is right. I will take my FI bike anywhere with confidence now. It has been 100% perfect since replacing the original pump, which was a known issue. Sure love the immediate bog free response, regardless of elevation and temp, which is a great trait for a bike to have here in mountainous Colorado.
If I had your bike (awesome ride by the way!) I would pull the pump myself, make sure all the connections are tight, wire the housing and rock on. I mention the trailside starter button tapping / tank slapping desperation tips in the event they are ever needed. I hope not, and at this point doubt it. Just in case though :)
2010 Husaberg FE450 (plated)
2001 Honda CR250 (out of state riding buddy's bike stored in CO for his annual epic ride) fills my need for the occasional 2 stroke hit!
2006 Yamaha FZ1
Duken4evr screwed with this post 12-22-2012 at 02:32 PM
Joined: Jun 2010
Location: Gig Harbor
Oddometer: 38
Dunken4evr, thanks for the input. I am hoping it was as simple as a plug not seated but it drives me crazy not knowing, time will tell.
I want to plate this. I have seen a number of kits out there. What is the best quality kit out there?
Don - Gig Harbor, WA
LC4 six days
Some of my past rides
GSXR1000, FZ1, ZX-10, CBR1000F Hurricane
Sabre V65. CB1100F, CB900F, CB750F, CB750K
Kawasaki 750 H2 Triple, RD350 and RZ350
YZ250F, KDX200, Elsinore MT125
I reckon so
Joined: Feb 2007
Location: Odenville, Alabama
Oddometer: 1,089
Sounds like the pump plug in was not seated as you mentioned. SICASS racing has plug and play kits. You should read up on installation of a Golan Super Mini filter. i have had three fuel injected KTms without a FI hiccup.
2014 KTM300xcwSixDays
2006 Ktm 640 Adventure
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Lindsay Lohan's dad Michael Lohan's fiancee Kate Major gave birth to a baby boy at a Florida hospital on Wednesday, Jan. 30, at 2:39 p.m. local time. The name of their baby is Landon Major Lohan and weighed in at 7 pounds, 5 ounces, and measured nearly 20 inches.
This is his sixth child. He has four kids from his previous marriage and one daughter from a fling long time ago.


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Valentine's Day Dinner Ideas
By Nicole Hopping February 7, 2013 on Valentine's Day Dinner IdeasNo Comments
Flowers, candy, wine, cards, and perhaps even jewelry are staples for every Valentine's Day celebration. But a romantic dinner coupled with a decadent dessert is the cornerstone for a Valentine's Day to remember.
If the crowds and over-priced meals associated with a night on the town are not quite what you had in mind this year, Fooducopia has a few tips to help infuse luxury and enjoyment into your romantic night in.
- Buon Appetito: Choose a theme for the evening—Italian wine, focaccia bread, marinated olives, pizza, and pasta never looked so good. French cuisine, with its rich sauces and full-bodied wines, is also an apt choice.
- Breakfast for Dinner: Sweet, savory, or both, a breakfast-inspired dinner might be just what you're looking for. Try strawberry and cream cheese crepes, heart shaped pancakes, or a breakfast gratin.
- Don't Skip the Appetizers: How often do we really have an appetizer before dinner at home? If you're anything like me, rarely. Plan a tasty appetizer to share before the main course. Artisan cheese with crackers is a seamless addition to any meal. For a sweet and savory combination try Good Shepard's French Pyrenees Cheese with a dollop of honey and fig preserves.
- Make a Date of it: During the hum drum of daily life cooking can become a chore. Reconnect this Valentine's Day by choosing a new and perhaps uncharted recipe together. Sip wine and enjoy the process, together.
- Simplify: If the thought of making a four or five course meal sends your head spinning, consider ordering a salad or side dish from a restaurant and cook only the main course and dessert.
- Indulge: Chocolates and truffles are Valentine's Day mainstay, but other fruit flavored desserts can be equally satisfying and festive. Try Canelita Bakery's Raspberry Papitas De Leche, a creamy Venezuelan treat, or enjoy dipping your own strawberries with Cabernet's Fudge Sauce.
- Decorate: Pick up a few bouquets for table décor but also use a few buds to garnish the food, buy a festive tablecloth, light candles and turn down the lights, play music, and wear an apron!


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Seoul, South Korea - app. 10,321,449
Metropolitan Seoul, with approximately 20.7 million people, is the world's fourth largest urban center, just behind Tokyo-Yokohama, Mexico City and Sao Paulo.
Founded in 1394 as the capital of the Kingdom of Choson, contemporary Seoul is the site of Caribbean Bay, the world's largest water park, which opened in 1996. It set a record for water park attendance, as more than 1.5 million people visited it within its first two years of inception.


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Happy Tuesday!
As we are getting ready to celebrate Mother's Day this Sunday here on this side of the blogosphere, and as we already celebrated Mother's Day on other sides of the blogosphere, like in Cape Verde this past Sunday, I wanted to explore topics this week around mothers, mommies, mamas. Moms at home, moms at the workplace (I do not particularly fancy the phrase "working mom", as I think that we are all, in one way or another, working moms, at home or at the office….the difference is just geography), moms on the playground, moms in their careers, relationships and intimate lives.
Today, I want to take a look at professional moms, moms who do the 9-to-5, or 8-to 8, or the second shift, or even the graveyard shift. Moms who make constant trade-offs between steady paychecks, or not-so-steady ones, and tucking their kids in bed at night, or witnessing their little ones major milestones…And what better to illustrate this than the talk of the women's community worldwide these days, Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg herself, author of the very much talked about and controversial "Lean In", who ignited (or re-ignited) a fire around the many myths we all have around women, especially professional moms. Can we really have it all? Is there such a thing as work-life balance? Can I be competent at work, and still leave on time to have dinner with my kids? Many of us have similar or very different answers to these questions…
Well, take a listen to Sheryl Sandberg's conversation with Oprah about it:
Love Always,
Miss Awa.


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Does Pearl Hardware still rock?
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Senior Member
Join Date: May 2013
Location: Australia
Posts: 119
Re: Does Pearl Hardware still rock?
Ah, I see. I've found most of my (now fairly used) stands will move with force, even when tightened. Though I've never had any issues with things moving about when I haven't wanted them to. That would bother me. Sonor stuff is great across the board, hey! But God, you pay for it.
Originally Posted by
Over the last few years, when I've been in the market for new hardware, I've stopped at my local shop, which stocks Pearl and Sonor hardware (at a high markup, but hey, middle of nowhere). The Sonor stuff is great but far too pricey. The Pearl is doable, but I can freely turn pipes in my hands with no effort no matter how tightly the pipe is clamped, unless there's memory locks (and none of these seem to come with them). Maybe these stands have just stood in this store for too long, I don't know. But I like my snare and cymbals to stay where I put them.
I have a few CH-70 boom arms from the late 80's and they have survived well; I just couldn't see myself buying something that simply won't stay where I set it. I'll shoot video next time I'm at this store just so not all of you think I'm crazy.
Pearl Masterworks Custom 4-ply Maple
Tama Starclassic Performer Birch
Sabian, Meinl, Paiste
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Chapter 7 – What Really Happens In A Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
There are several stages to a consumer bankruptcy. They are: preparation, filing, first meeting and finally discharge of debt. And… as you'll see, it's really all over the day that the Chapter 7 bankruptcy is filed.
To start, we painstakingly prepare a petition from information supplied by the client and verified by the attorney and our staff. This requires a lot of assistance and documentation from the client. It requires several hours worth of work for the client, the attorney and that most important person, the bankruptcy assistant or paralegal. Usually a large worksheet is filled out and records are carefully reviewed with the help of the attorney and a paralegal. The last 2 years of taxes and the last 6 months of wages or other income are put into a computerized bankruptcy preparation program.
The bankruptcy petition lists all of the debtor's assets and all of their debts. No debt or asset should be left out. The petition also contains a statement of affairs that contains a lot of very personal information. After the client carefully reads the petition, it is very carefully explained to them. Then the client signs it in quite a few places. The petition is signed under penalty of perjury, fines and even jail time. The attorney signs it also and vouches for its proper preparation.
The petition is then filed, by computer, electronically and completely without paper. The originals remain in the attorney's file. The client gets a hard copy of the petition. Clients are instructed to keep the petition forever.
Once filed, the Bankruptcy Court immediately assigns a case number and begins to notify creditors. Again, this is all done electronically, i.e. paperlessly. Most of your creditors are notified of your protection in the Bankruptcy Court by electronic notice, about 20 seconds after your case is filed.
The Court immediately issues the "automatic stay." This is an electronic court order to each creditor to "sit down, shut up and take a number." In other words, they are told to stop pursuing your collection in any manner. This protection is the main reason people are willing to file bankruptcy.
The automatic stay is powerful. I tell my clients to think of the Bankruptcy Court as "Godzilla." Nobody disobeys Godzilla. Forget what you may have seen in other courts. If you violate an order of the Bankruptcy Court, you will feel pain. Real pain. Real fast. Real hard. Real money. That goes for creditors. And it goes for debtors too.
By the way, all of my clients hate bankruptcy. They hate having to pay a lawyer. They hate the time they spend getting the necessary information together. I never see clients file bankruptcy lightly. But, clients are forced to file bankruptcy so that they can get the court's protection from creditors. Because, if it comes to a choice between feeding your family or filing bankruptcy, most people will choose to file…reluctantly, eventually.
After the petition is filed, the Court appoints a Bankruptcy Trustee and sets a First Meeting of Creditors for 50-to 60 days from the filing date in the Toledo, Ohio area. Once again, it's all done paperlessly by e-mail. Copies follow in snail mail. The First Meeting of Creditors in always held in an office building. Not at the Courthouse.
At the First Meeting of Creditors, the Trustee (not the judge) will represent all of the unsecured creditors. So the unsecured creditors will almost never show up. Gas is expensive. Most Chapter 7s have no assets. With gas at present prices, why would a creditor drive to Toledo, only to be told they will get nothing? Trustees are experts and usually have years of experience in conducting creditors meetings. They are almost always unfailingly polite and professional to debtors.
The Trustee will check carefully to see if there are non-exempt assets that can be taken and sold for the benefit of the unsecured creditors. Your attorney will have already checked your assets thoroughly before filing and they will advise you of any assets that may be in danger BEFORE you file your bankruptcy. The Trustee checks assets carefully, because they get a piece of the action if he finds any assets. Trustees have access to excellent databases and research each debtor before the meeting.
In most consumer bankruptcies there are no assets that are going to taken by the trustee. That's because most consumer assets are exempt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy anyway. Occasionally, tax refunds, motorcycles, campers, boats and vehicles are surrendered to the Trustee as nonexempt assets. But that is rare. It's still a very good deal for the debtors. Debtors get discharged from tens of thousands of dollars of debt in exchange for a relatively small "haircut." Maybe it smarts a bit, but it's much better than the alternative. You need a "fresh start."
Also at the First Meeting, the mortgage holders and auto financiers (secured creditors) may be present to ask the debtor what they intend to do with their home and cars. Notice,… the secured creditors have a reason to be there, but they could have saved their gas money and simply called the debtor's attorney. Usually they will just call the attorney to discuss these matters. Quite often, debtors choose to "reaffirm" on their mortgages and car loans so that they can keep those assets as long as they can afford to make the payments on them.
Of course debtors may also choose to "surrender" an asset that they can no longer afford to continue to pay on. There is never a deficiency owed on surrendered goods in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Less often, consumer will choose to "redeem" a car or other asset that secures a debt. They choose to do this because the asset is worth less than the amount owed on it. It's "underwater." So, instead of reaffirming to pay $10,000.00 for a car that's only worth $5,000.00, the consumer will get a loan and "redeem" it by paying the creditor a lump sum of $5,000.00. Yes, there are outfits that will finance people in bankruptcy. They are not Mother Theresa, but they have their uses. Attorneys can help you find a financier.
Typically, a First Meeting of Creditors last about 5 to 15 minutes, if that long. What happens at the first meeting of creditors is actually planned by the bankruptcy attorney long before filling. So it's no surprise. In other words, the typical bankruptcy is over, for the consumer, at the time that it is filed. The rest of the proceedings are usually pro forma.
Finally, About 120 days after the consumer filed the bankruptcy, the Bankruptcy Court will grant the debtor a "discharge" of all of their dischargeable debts. Bankruptcy Court moves briskly. The consumer receives the discharge by mail and is instructed to keep the discharge in their records forever. So that's how it's done. Prepare, file, first meeting and discharge.
You may be aware that some debts are NOT dischargeable in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. Alimony, child support, some taxes, damages due to alcohol related automobile accidents and intentional fraud are not dischargeable, among others. Student loans are only dischargeable in cases of severe hardship.


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Monday, March 8, 2010
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
SNELLVILLE -- By a vote of 4-2 on Monday on Snellville council members and mayor Jerry Oberholtzer decided to postpone the call for a Sunday alcohol sales referendum.
The city asked for a re-trial on the issue, citing new evidence not previously heard by Judge Mark Lewis. Lewis stopped Sunday alcohol sales with his Jan. 27 ruling, stating that the council vote allowing Sunday sales "disenfranchised voters."
Last Friday the city was granted an April 30 hearing, again before Judge Lewis. The judge could grant the re-trial and actually hold it on the same day, according to Oberholtzer. Lewis could also hear the new evidence and still not uphold the City Council vote allowing Sunday sales.
Because of the city's appeal of the Jan. 27 decision, Councilman Tom Witts asked his colleagues to postpone the call for a referendum on the matter, stating that starting such action would imply that they do not have faith in the result of the upcoming second trial.
"We feel very strongly that we have a good position," Witts said.
Councilwoman Kelly Kautz said that she disagreed, stating that she wants the city to hold a referendum because it's the right thing to do. She also cited an approximate $40,000 price tag for the appeal process, as opposed to the $8,000 cost of a second referendum (the first was held in 2004, with the results overturned).
"You're talking about a long, drawn-out process that will cost the city a lot of money," said Kautz.
Councilman Mike Sabbagh added that a long trial process could make the city miss critical deadlines with respect to properly calling for a vote.
Oberholtzer refuted Kautz's statements concerning the cost of a trial.
"I'm not afraid of a referendum, but I think once the judge looks at new evidence, we'll win," said the mayor.
Kautz and Sabbagh cast the two votes not supporting postponement.
Farmer's market on the way
Planning for the Snellville Farmer's Market is well under way, with the first market scheduled to be held on June 5 on the Town Green in Snellville.
The farmer's market committee has been meeting for about two months now, according to Mayor Pro Tem Barbara Bender, who has spearheaded the initiative.
"It's going to be a great thing for the city, a great way for local farmers to sell their goods," Bender said, adding that vendors are already signing up to participate.
More like this story
- Snellville council appoints new city attorney ( January 11, 2010 )
- Snellville Council Meeting: City OKs liquor on Sundays ( December 14, 2009 )
- Snellville will hold referendum on Sunday sales July 20 ( April 30, 2010 )
- Sunday liquor sales: Snellville residents get a vote ( April 30, 2010 )
- Snellville postpones vote on pawn shop ( March 22, 2010 )


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Aaron Sorkin praises Nora Ephron, talks about 'The Newsroom' on 'CBS This Morning'Add to Favorites | The Newsroom
Award-winning screenwriter Aaron Sorkin stopped by "CBS This Morning" Wednesday (June 27) to talk about his new HBO show "The Newsroom," but he was also asked about beloved screenwriter Nora Ephron, who passed away Tuesday night.
" She wrote romantic comedy in a style we don't see much anymore," says Sorkin. "Her spirit was really in it because she loved it so much. She loved film so much. There were a lot of things she loved very much - from food to films. It's terribly sad that she's gone, but we have her movies to keep us going."
When asked about "The Newsroom," Sorkin had this to say:
"What I set out to do was to do 'His Girl Friday' against the backdrop of real world events. I love those old Preston Sturges, Howard Hawks movies, where everybody's talking fast," says Sorkin. "I love newsroom-type stories. But I wanted to set it in the real world. I wanted to set it against the backdrop of real events, so our show takes place in the very recent past. All the news is real."
"It is a romantic comedy .. it even treats the news romantically and idealistically. These guys are on a Quixotic mission to do the news well. It's a doomed mission, but we're seeing a group of underdogs trying as hard as they can."
Photo/Video credit: CBS


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Black Art of Multiplatform Game Programming
Black Art of Multiplatform Game Programming
by Jazon Yamamoto
The Black Art of Multiplatform Game Programming covers C/C++ game development on Windows and Linux using SDL. It was written by Jazon Yamamoto with general guidance from André LaMothe. This book covers all the skills necessary to create amazing games. It will take you all the way from pixel plotting to full-blown game development. Written with beginners in mind, this book assumes no prior knowledge of game programming. Anyone can learn how to program exciting video games using this book.Buy Now!
Inside you'll find:
- An introduction to game development on multiple platforms using SDL.
- Extensive coverage of coding techniques used by programming gurus.
- A complete guide to game engine design and implementation.
- A modern approach to software architecture.
- Advanced programming procedures and optimizations.
Downloadable files include:
- All the source code used in this book.
- Video tutorials for each chapter.
- Standard tools used for game development.
- The SDL standard development library.


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Seattle, WA (PRWEB) March 23, 2014
Gabriel Method is a newly updated fat loss course for people who want to learn how to eliminate the real causes of their excess weight. The course provides people with easy exercises to lose weight and build a lean muscular body that they have desired. This course is made by Jon Gabriel, a certified strength and conditioning specialist, and food expert who has over 20 years of experience in the fitness and health industry. Since Jon Gabriel released the "Gabriel Method" course, many people have used it to find the best way to completely eliminate cravings for any food. Accordingly, Kenn Paquette from the site Vkool.com performed a full Gabriel Method review that points out whether it is a good product.
The Gabriel Method review on the site Vkool.com indicates that this course will teach people how to lose weight by adding foods, how to transform any food such as pizza and McDonald's into a healthy and nutritious meal. In this course, Jon Gabriel also uncovers to people some healthy diet plans, and delicious food recipes that help reverse insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In addition, upon ordering this course, Jon Gabriel will provide people with 13 tutorial videos, an audio CD, and 8 special gifts such as:
Kenn Paquette from the site Vkool.com says, "Gabriel Method is a new fat loss course for people who want to learn how they can lose weight by eating as much as they want of anything they crave. In addition, people will have 60 days to decide if they want to keep the Gabriel Method course or get their money back."
If people wish to view pros and cons from a full Gabriel Method review, they could visit the website: http://vkool.com/gabriel-method/.
For more information about the Gabriel Method course, get a direct access to the official site.
About Kenn Paquette: Kenn Paquette is an editor of the website Vkool.com. In this website, Kenn Paquette provides people with reliable reviews about new natural weight loss courses. People could send their feedbacks to Kenn Paquette on any digital product via email.


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Southwest Florida restaurants learn to struggle through summer doldrums
Southwest Florida restaurants learn to struggle through seasonal doldrums
Come summer, the owners of Altin's Cafe and Grill on Fifth Avenue South enlist family members to help. Business is so slow between June and September they are unable to afford their usual staff of six servers at both breakfast and lunch.
"Now it's just me and my husband," said Pam Meleqi, 38. "And if it wasn't for my family, I don't even know how we'd survive."
Modifying hours and closing up shop for weeks at a time are just some of the ways local restaurants survive the off-season in Southwest Florida. Those who choose to remain open year-round debate the prudence of offering deep discounts and coupons.
Meleqi and her husband, Altin Meleqi, 33, opened their restaurant at 368 Fifth Ave. S. in June of 2005 unaware just how slow summers were in Naples.
"That was even scarier," she said. "But we got our kinks out, and by season, we were ready."
Now the Meleqis close in September and change their hours, only offering dinner hours Thursday, Friday and Saturday from
June through August.
"(September) just seems to be the slowest month of all," Meleqi said. "And it's nice for us to be tourists somewhere once in a while."
Mike Reagen, president of the Greater Naples Chamber of Commerce, said Collier County loses about a quarter of its population in the summer and the bulk of the 2 million annual visitors come during the winter months.
"Summer is always slow and that is a problem," he said.
But, he added, the Southwest Florida economy is creeping back, which could help businesses until the winter crowds return.
"I don't know about the rest of Florida, but here I think we're doing OK," Reagen said.
Keith Casey closed his KC American Bistro in the Pavilion Shopping Center on Vanderbilt Beach Road for the summer after the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Last year, LA Fitness began construction in the same plaza and Casey said he knew he wouldn't see much traffic. He closed again that summer.
"The Pavilion has been kind of a ghost town in the past," said Casey, 43, who plans to stay open this summer without offering the discounts some of his competitors rely on this time of year.
"It's a shortsighted economic policy," he said. "Naples Tomato flooded the market with coupons and they're gone."
The goal is to break even, and Casey hopes "pent-up demand" in his customers means they'll continue opting for the more expensive bottle of wine — even if they can't afford it yet.
"I think Americans will only sit on their laurels for so long before they say forget it, we're going to get the TV and we're going to go out to dinner," he said.
Deidre and Henry Diodati have owned and operated the Wharf Tavern Restaurant and Clam Bar on 10th Street South in downtown Naples for 21/2 years. For years, they've also run a host of restaurants and a bed and breakfast on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts.
While operating a business in a seasonal destination town is familiar, Deidre said the tavern is embarking on new territory this summer by trying to stay open throughout the year instead of closing.
"Quite honestly, that's like opening a new restaurant every year," Deidre, 46, said. "You have to start from square one with staff and so on."
Somewhat off the beaten path, Deidre said the tavern relies on advertising, deals and coupons to draw patrons. Closing last summer was a way of assessing how best to propel through a season, Deidre said.
"The restaurant business in general is difficult," she said, "but knowing how to navigate a seasonal location comes with a learning curve and it's not for everybody."
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(PRWEB) October 15, 2013
AccuRate Insurance Agency developed a mobile site because it knows that clients want fast and simple access to insurance information no matter where they are - at home, at work or on the move. Now customers can access features and information from the fully interactive website on their cell phones and tablets.
The mobile site includes similar features found on the agency's primary site, just in a more active and finger-friendly format. Guests to the mobile site can easily get an auto or Missouri SR22 insurance quote and comprehensive answers to their requests.
Along with the ability to automatically detect mobile devices, the mobile website permits visitors to submit quote requests and policy changes, payments, or file an insurance claim through a fully featured customer service portal. Customers can also find the agency's locations with a map feature and one-touch Click-to-Call or Email features.
Circumstances that require insurance rarely happen near a computer. At times they can even ruin the computer. AccuRate Insurance Agency thinks it is important for customers to have access to a website that is easy to view and fast to use on their mobile devices. It could be the only way for customers to find the information they need to start the claim process quickly.
Visit http://www.insuranceaccurate.com/m/ to find out more and to get up to date in one simple click.


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sinoreport's name card
sinoreport's most popular stock photos
sinoreport's blog
Bela Kolarovaposted by sinoreport, Sep 12, 2008 10:58 AM — 0 comments
"Die ganze Welt ist bereits fotografiert." The whole world has already been photographed. This sentence made Czech photographer Bela Kolarova think about the question: What is a motive?
» Read full post here
Painting over techniqueposted by sinoreport, Aug 5, 2008 1:10 AM — 0 comments
Botho Strauss is one of Germany's most outstanding modern writers and a fabulous publicist. He describes Gerhard Richter's technique of paint-over-photos and reflects on the art of photography - every photo is a moment killed.
» Read full post here
Decay and Beatyposted by sinoreport, Jul 28, 2008 8:22 PM — 2 comments
How do you get the grip on aesthetics in photography? Or: how to depict architectural ugliness.
» Read full post here
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Cooking and Baking
Mom's Birthday Cake
My mom's birthday is coming up at the end of April and I really want to make her a delicious cake. She loves cakes with fruit: raspberry, blueberry, strawberry, orange, coconut. She is not a huge fan of apples in cakes or a big lover of buttercream or whipped cream frostings. She also likes dark chocolate and peanut butter and really enjoys cheesecakes. I am open to anything, I just want it to be really great! Any good recipes?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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OGC Op. No. 11-09-01
The Office of General Counsel issued the following opinion on September 22, 2011, representing the position of the New York State Insurance Department.
RE: Selling Salary Protection Insurance in the Excess Line Market
Question Presented:
May an insurance broker licensed under N.Y. Ins. Law
Yes. An insurance broker licensed under either Insurance Law
The inquiry is of a general nature, without reference to particular facts.
Chapter 626 of the Laws of 2006 added salary protection insurance as a kind of insurance that an insurer may write in New York, and Insurance Law
insurance against financial loss caused by the cessation of earned income due to disability from sickness, ailment or bodily injury, in an amount up to: (A) that portion of an individual's annual earned income which is in excess of the amount of in force disability insurance as defined in paragraph three of this subsection in an amount not to exceed seventy-five percent of the individual's annual earned income in total based upon the sum of the in force disability insurance and salary protection insurance when the benefits are payable to the individual or the individual's beneficiary; or (B) where such underlying disability insurance cannot be obtained by an individual from an authorized insurer, in an amount not to exceed seventy-five percent of the individual's annual earned income when the benefits are payable to the individual or the individual's beneficiary. Any insurer licensed to write disability insurance as defined in paragraph three of this subsection may also write salary protection insurance as defined in this paragraph.
The Department considers salary protection insurance to be a type of accident and health insurance, fully encompassed within the definition of accident and health insurance under Insurance Law
Insurance Law
(b)(1) Such license shall confer upon the licensee authority to act in this state as insurance broker, and upon every natural person named as sub-licensee in such license authority to act in this state as insurance broker in the name of and on behalf of such licensee, with respect to the following lines of authority:
(A) life insurance, variable life and variable annuity products, accident and health insurance and sickness or any other line of authority deemed to be similar by the superintendent, including for this purpose, health maintenance organization contracts and legal services insurance; or
(B) any and every line of authority, except life insurance and variable life and variable annuity products.
Therefore, a life insurance broker's license issued under
For further information, you may contact Senior Attorney Joana Lucashuk at the New York City Office.


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The United States of America annexes the territory of New Mexico.
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Graphics Software
CamView allows you to view webcams around the world. You can view more than 60 different cameras, save frames, add your custom cameras and also few cameras can be controlled.94 weekly downloads
OGame Skins Maker
OGame Skins Maker helps you creating your own OGame Skins thanks to its CSS opitmized editor, its skin-viewer and its wizard.4 weekly downloads
LD BFC Tool
A fully automated Back Face Culling [BFC] - Converter for single LDraw *.DAT Parts. (Requires .NET Framework 3.5)2 weekly downloads
Pocket Graphics
PocketGraphics is a 100% managed assembly graphics library for the Pocket PC environment. It uses either GAPI or the raw framebuffer for increased speed.1 weekly downloads
ScreenUp is a quick screen grabbing utility written in VB.Net that is able to take a screenshot of a your entire screen, a single window, or a region of your screen, and instantly save it to your computer or upload it to the internet.1 weekly downloads
VpsX is an all in one Video Projection suite designed initially to replace the old overhead projector. VpsX runs on Windows. The software uses windows' Dual monitor system to display lyrics on one screen, while controlling the program on the other.1 weekly downloads


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Giving Opportunities
If you would like to to discuss a gift to St. Louis Children's Hospital, please call 314.286.0988
Your generous support will make a profound difference in the lives of children. Click here to donate today. Or mail your gift to us at St. Louis Children's Hospital, PO Box 955423 St. Louis, MO 63195-5423
View list of programs supported by donations to St. Louis Children's Hospital Foundation
Events and Promotions
Throughout the year, special events and promotions are held for the benefit of St. Louis Children's Hospital. Learn more about each one and how you can participate!
Annual and Major Gifts
The Circles of Commitment represent benefactors who annually give contributions to St. Louis Children's Hospital. Beginning at $1,000 and more, Circles members' contributions are the lifeblood of the hospital. Every person who gives and every gift made is vitally important. Click here for more information.
An endowed fund is "the gift that keeps giving," because it generates annual income for the hospital. Endowment funds are invested and each year a portion of the fund's income is used for the hospital program or service designated by the donor, while the rest of the return is re-invested to preserve and grow the original gift.
Corporate and Foundation Giving
Donations from corporations and foundations help us continue our tradition of providing quality, compassionate health care for children.
Planned Giving
Many donors find comfort in planning a gift that offers tax and income benefits now and will help patients at Children's Hospital in the future.
Third-Party Fundraisers
Learn more about hosting your own fundraiser for St. Louis Children's Hospital. From a simple lemonade stand to hosting a golf tournament – there are lots of fun ways to help patients and their families.
Find out what you need to know about volunteering for St. Louis Children's Hospital — frequently asked questions, how to get started, an online volunteer application, contact information, upcoming volunteer opportunities and more.
Wedding Favors
On your special day, pay tribute to your guests by making a donation in their honor to St. Louis Children's Hospital. It's a wonderful gift that will continue to touch hearts long after the "I do's" are said.
Our Wish List - Gifts In-Kind
The Children's Hospital Wish List is comprised of items that provide added comfort and care to our patients. Gifts are used in various places throughout the hospital, including the child life playroom, teen lounge, library, emergency unit, and radiology.


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DUBUQUE, Iowa - Policy changes are drastically shifting the dynamic of physical education in Iowa. Former students walking into some gym classes may not see the Dodgeball or kickball games they remember.
In the late 1990's the state of Iowa first began letting school districts decide to let student athletes opt out on P.E. classes.
Just a few years ago, Dubuque Schools got on board with that game plan. Any high school student in Dubuque who participates in two or more sports can get a waiver from physical education.
There are no heroes in P.E. Teacher, Karla Weber's gym class. No ball hogs either. In Weber's Hempstead High School physical education class everyone gets the ball. A giant exercise ball, that is.
"We're making it so that everyone is participating. We don't need those athletes to keep classes rolling, " said Weber.
Weber says in past years, she relied on the multi-sport athletes to take on the leadership roles in her classes. But the majority of those athletes no longer need to show up for gym. That's why she restructured her curriculum to engage students who aren't so keen on sports.
Weber said, "This year, I am focusing more on the cardiovascular fitness. So I am trying to trick them into getting their heart rate up "
Gone are the days of sitting on the sidelines.
Dubuque Schools Wellness Director, Amy Hawkins said, "Kids are used to coming in and being able to do little to no work. And then all of a sudden, we say 'this is what we are going to do. In order to get here. You have to do these types of things'. "
Students are graded based on the changes they make in class.Teachers measure a students physical abilities at the beginning and end of the semester. But that grade is not included in a student's grade point average.
"We really grade a lot on participation," said Hawkins.
For twin sisters, Marie and Natalie LoBianco, gym class hasn't always been a pleasant place.
Natalie said, "I felt like the athletes kind of knew what they are doing more than I did. "
But with far fewer athletes in class, the sisters say, that's all changed.
"I feel like, in here, everyone is on the same level. I don't feel like it's a competition to get involved in the game. We all just do it, " said Marie.
As for the student athletes, it allows them more time in the classroom, focusing on core subjects like science and math. Or more specialized subjects.
Student Athlete, Haley Guerdet said, "Because I get out of Gym class, I can take a video production. That's something I can use in my career path. "
Hawkins said, "Bottom line. We want our kids to be healthy. We want them exercising. If they're out for sports, we know that every day they are getting good exercise. "
High School Students in Iowa can take fitness classes like yoga or weight-lifting online. But, in order for the students to get credit for the class, there must be a certified physical education instructor in the room.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa News, Sports, and Weather
Students, Teachers Adjust to Gym Class Without Athletes
By Katie Wiedemann, Reporter
Most Popular


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2237 Mason Street, San Francisco, California 94133 (415) 776-8688
(800) 352-7366
(800) 352-7366
(415) 776-8688
The North Beach district in San Francisco has
managed to maintain its old world rustic charm
while smack-dab next to the city's Financial
District. Yet high-rises are still far enough away
not to loom over the usually sunny neighborhood
where residents and visitors linger over cappuccino
and brioche while reading the newspaper or exchanging
gossip in the local cafes.
For this reason, among others, the 41,000-member
American Planning Association named North Beach
one of the 10
Great Neighborhoods in America. The
planners praise its physical attributes as well
as the community spirit, which has helped preserve
the ambiance and vitality of North
The San
Remo Hotel is a definite contributor to
the district's allure. Built in 1906 and
still operating as a moderately-priced hotel drawing
guests from around the world, the San Remo has
changed very little from its colorful early days,
when it housed laborers, merchant seamen, immigrant
families, artists and poets. Today's visitors
-- tourists and business travelers -- appreciate
the antique furnishings, comfortable surroundings
and warm welcome they experience every time they
check in. Some things, fortunately, never change.
Reservations | Accommodations | Specials | The Penthouse | History | The Penthouse | Careers at the San Remo
Location | In the News | Contact Us | Travel Resourcess | Staff Background | Sitemap
© 2015 The San Remo Hotel, All rights reserved. D. Hart & Associates Hotel Website Design


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I managed to compile successfully clang for windows with cmake and visual studio 10. That was really a childplay so far. I would like to get an XML file as AST representation of the source code. There is one option that provides the result with clang with gcc under linux (ubuntu) but doesn't work on the windows box:
clang -cc1 -ast-print-xml source.c
However this is invoking the compilation stage (which I would like to avoid). Digging in the source code didn't help me so far as I am quite new to clang. I could manage to generate the binary version of the AST by using:
clang -emit-ast source.c
But this format is unusable directly for parsing. Is there some existing patch to directly generate the XML tree instead of a binary one in clang? or is some conversion tool from binary AST to its XML representation available?
The goal is to use the XML representation in other tools in the .NET environment so I would need to make some wrapping around the native clang lib to access the binary AST. Maybe there is a third option if someone already wrote some binary clang AST parser for .NET?
Please correct me also if I am missing something like if the AST generated by the clang front end is maybe not equivalent to the one generated in the compilation stage.
Thanks in advance.