text:
Xorg crashing.
1 Attachment(s)
Hello I have a nasty problems with X server crashing with the 8756 drivers. I have RenderAccell and Composite Extension enabled. The crash happens when I click a new message icon of kadu (http://kadu.net) IM client. I would estimate the probabilty at 40% of clicks. Let me send you Xorg.0.log and xorg.conf files. I can provide more info if you like.
Re: Xorg crashing.
Composite never was very stable. Are you using KDE? I am, and at first it was a nightmare. For instance, I had to change my theme. And I had to make Konqueror windows open up in a separate process or they would crash X. It seems like problems re-using portions of cached memory.
I would try a different skin or theme or go with a different chat client. Or maybe compile it from source. I have fewer problems with source builds. The packaged builds throw in "too many configure options."
Re: Xorg crashing.
Hi, thanks for your tips. I'll try using a different skin with this program. BTW after so much struggle they should make this extension stable at last, shouldn't they?
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|Woodworking Home
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College of the Redwoods
|College of the Redwoods, Mendocino Coast, offers a nine-month program in cabinetry and furniture making with Laura Mays, Jim Budlong, Greg Smith, Ejler Hjorth-Westh and David Welter. In addition, workshops lasting a few days or weeks are offered in the summer.
All of our courses are designed for the aspiring cabinetmaker who hopes to combine sensitivity with personal expression, patiently striving toward a goal best described as fine craftsmanship. We view craftsmanship as our legacy from woodworkers who have striven toward consistent excellence, which is perhaps the best definition of the word quality. Our efforts toward this goal have been recognized by the woodworking community around the world.

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(Image: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA)
This year's hottest outer space destination just got even hotter. These pictures, taken by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft between 24 March and 4 May, show the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko emitting a halo of dust and gas as it approaches the sun. If all goes to plan, Rosetta will make history later this year when it orbits and then lands on the comet's surface – two firsts for space exploration.
Comets get their halo, or coma, when the sun heats frozen gases that erupt from the surface and scatter dust everywhere. These particles remain in orbit around the central part of the comet, the nucleus, and make it appear much larger – the coma in these pictures extends 1300 kilometres into space.
Rosetta launched in 2004 and was woken up in January this year after a three year slumber. Now ESA is activating its instruments and putting the probe through its paces in preparation for the final approach to the comet in August.
The craft is still 2 million kilometres away from the comet, but the pictures it took of the comet "waking up" have helped researchers determine its rotation period. It turns out the comet completes a full turn every 12.4 hours, about 20 minutes shorter than previously thought.
If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.


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QuickStats: Percentage of Men Aged 25–64 Years with Activity Limitation,* by Age Group and Veteran Status† — United States, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2007–2010§
* Activity limitation is assessed by asking respondents a series of questions about limitations in their ability to perform activities usual for their age group because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem(s).
† In NHIS, veterans identify themselves by responding "yes" to the question "Have you ever been honorably discharged from active duty in the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard?"
§ Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population and are derived from the NHIS sample adult component.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
During 2007–2010, male veterans aged 25–64 years reported higher levels of activity limitation than nonveterans (21% among veterans, compared with 11% among nonveterans). Significant differences were observed in activity limitation between veterans and nonveterans in males aged 35–44, 45–54, and 55–64 years. Activity limitation increased with age for veterans and nonveterans.
Source: National Health Interview Survey data, 2007–2010. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.
Reported by: Ellen A. Kramarow, PhD, firstname.lastname@example.com, 301-458-4325; Patricia N. Pastor, PhD.
Alternate Text: The figure above shows the percentage of men aged 25-64 years with activity limitation, by age group and veteran status in the United States during 2007-2010. During 2007-2010, male veterans aged 25-64 years reported higher levels of activity limitation than nonveterans (21% among veterans, compared with 11% among nonveterans). Significant differences were observed in activity limitation between veterans and nonveterans in males aged 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years. Activity limitation increased with age for veterans and nonveterans.
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text:
Sanway YA circular vibrating screen is a kind of high efficient screen with round vibrating motion and multi-layer. The YA series circular vibrating screens are widely applied to quarry, mines industries for screening production line. It features adjustable amplitude, long dropping line, multi-layer and specification screening and high efficiency. Compared with YK circular vibrating screen, YA circular vibrating screen has smaller screen size, processing capacity and power motor. So it is more suitable for smaller screen.
1. Compact structure, easy to change screen, quick maintenance;
2. The vibrating case vibrates strongly to reduce clogging;
3. YA circular vibrating screen adopts thin oil lubrication system to secure its low noise and long service life;
4. Single motor, two bearings.
Specification of YA vibrating screen:
Note:Sanway Machinery Co., Ltd can offer you products with standard and nonstandard technical data. Please do not hesitate to contact us!
MSN: firstname.lastname@example.com
ICQ: email@example.com
Yahoo: firstname.lastname@example.com
Skype: firstname.lastname@example.com
Gmail: email@example.com


text:
Births, Updated Jan. 20
Lawnwood Regional Medical Center
Shane Patrick Haley, a son, was born to Rick and Nikki Haley of Port St. Lucie on Sept. 12.
Martin Memorial
Adelaide Elizabeth Castleberry, a daughter, was born to David Castleberry and Jamie Wade of Port St. Lucie on Jan. 5.
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text:
Mad Men's Vincent Kartheiser Explains When Men "Start Saying 'No' to Sex" (VIDEO)
One of Mad Men's most polarizing characters is Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser). Don (Jon Hamm) can't stand him, Bert (Roger Morse) actually likes him, and Roger (John Slattery) just laughs at him.
In an interview with TV.com, Vincent points out a key difference between Pete and Roger: "[Pete] doesn't have what Roger Sterling has. He doesn't have charm, wit. People don't really like him, because of the way he acts." Whereas everyone puts up with Roger because he can be a dozen drinks to the wind and still out-charm a guy like Don.
Vincent goes on to describe how Pete has grown as a man since Season 1 (so far he's aged from 26 to 31 on the show), and when exactly a guy "starts saying no to sex." Hint, it's somewhere in that age bracket!
Mad Men Season 5 premieres on Sunday, March 25 at 9 pm ET/PT on AMC.
Source: TV.com
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text:
Tax Administration:
Planning for IRS's Enforcement Process Changes Included Many Key Steps but Can Be Improved
GAO-04-287: Published: Jan 20, 2004. Publicly Released: Feb 19, 2004.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-5594
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
In recent years, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has experienced declines in most of its enforcement programs, including declines in audits and in efforts to collect delinquent taxes. Increasing enforcement productivity is one strategy that can help reverse these declines. To this end, IRS is currently planning and has begun implementing enforcement process improvement projects. GAO was asked to assess the extent to which the planning for the projects followed steps consistent with both published GAO guidance and the experiences of private sector and government organizations. Specifically, GAO assessed the extent to which four judgmentally selected projects followed the 20 planning steps.
Planning for the four enforcement process improvement projects GAO reviewed included most of the 20-step framework developed to assess the projects. This increases the likelihood that projects target the right processes for improvement, choose the best target process from among alternatives, effectively implement the project, accurately assess project outcomes, and properly manage the change to the new process. However, none of the projects completed all of the steps. For example, some projects did not fully identify the causes of productivity shortfalls, leaving a risk that the project did not fix the right problem. In the course of this work, GAO found that IRS managers do not have guidance about the steps to follow in planning process improvement projects, increasing the possibility of omitting steps. A recurring issue in the four projects was that IRS's enforcement data only partially adjust for the complexity and quality of cases worked. This issue is also a problem for IRS enforcement productivity data generally. Failing to adjust for both complexity and quality increases the risk that trends in productivity will be misunderstood. For example, a decline in the number of cases closed per employee at the same time that case complexity is increasing may not be a real decline in productivity. GAO recognizes that some options for improving productivity data could be costly. However, costs could be mitigated by using existing statistical methods and IRS complexity and quality data.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: According to the Director of Business Process Reengineering for IRS's Small Business/Self Employed (SB/SE) operating division, as of September 2005, SB/SE reengineering projects employ a framework consistent with the model described in the GAO report.
Recommendation: The Commissioner of Internal Revenue should ensure that Small Business/Self Employed Division (SB/SE) put in place a framework to guide planning of future SB/SE process improvement projects. The framework that GAO developed for this report is an example of such a framework.
Agency Affected: Department of the Treasury: Internal Revenue Service
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: According to the Director of Business Process Reengineering for IRS's Small Business/Self Employed (SBSE) operating division, as of September 2005, SB/SE reengineering projects are guided by a productivity model developed by SB/SE Research. The model uses a balanced measures approach to performance data and includes workload quality and complexity.
Recommendation: The Commissioner of Internal Revenue should ensure that SB/SE invest in enforcement productivity data that better adjust for complexity and quality, taking into consideration the costs and benefits of doing so.
Agency Affected: Department of the Treasury: Internal Revenue Service
Explore the full database of GAO's Open Recommendations »
May 28, 2015
Electricity Generation Projects:Additional Data Could Improve Understanding of the Effectiveness of Tax ExpendituresGAO-15-302: Published: Apr 28, 2015. Publicly Released: May 28, 2015.
Mar 3, 2015
Internal Revenue Service:Observations on IRS's Operations, Planning, and ResourcesGAO-15-420R: Published: Feb 27, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 3, 2015.
Feb 19, 2015
Identity Theft and Tax Fraud:Enhanced Authentication Could Combat Refund Fraud, but IRS Lacks an Estimate of Costs, Benefits and RisksGAO-15-119: Published: Jan 20, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 19, 2015.
Dec 17, 2014
Tax-Exempt Organizations:Better Compliance Indicators and Data, and More Collaboration with State Regulators Would Strengthen Oversight of Charitable OrganizationsGAO-15-164: Published: Dec 17, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 17, 2014.
Dec 16, 2014
Tax Filing Season:2014 Performance Highlights the Need to Better Manage Taxpayer Service and Future RisksGAO-15-163: Published: Dec 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2014.
Nov 19, 2014
Individual Retirement Accounts:IRS Could Bolster Enforcement on Multimillion Dollar Accounts, but More Direction from Congress Is NeededGAO-15-16: Published: Oct 20, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 19, 2014.
Sep 22, 2014
Identity Theft:Additional Actions Could Help IRS Combat the Large, Evolving Threat of Refund FraudGAO-14-633: Published: Aug 20, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 22, 2014.
Sep 18, 2014
Large Partnerships:With Growing Number of Partnerships, IRS Needs to Improve Audit EfficiencyGAO-14-732: Published: Sep 18, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 18, 2014.
Aug 11, 2014
New Markets Tax Credit:Better Controls and Data Are Needed to Ensure EffectivenessGAO-14-500: Published: Jul 10, 2014. Publicly Released: Aug 11, 2014.
Jul 29, 2014
Tobacco Taxes:Disparities in Rates for Similar Smoking Products Continue to Drive Market Shifts to Lower-Taxed OptionsGAO-14-811T: Published: Jul 29, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 29, 2014.
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text: This report summarizes the results of a project to demonstrate a method to validate and calibrate a fatigue model. The project examined 30-day work histories of locomotive crews prior to 400 human factors accidents and 1000 nonhuman factors accidents. A biomathematical fatigue model estimated crew effectiveness (the inverse of fatigue) based entirely on work schedule information and opportunities to obtain sleep. A reliable linear relationship existed between crew effectiveness and the risk of a human factors accident (r = - 0.93); no such relationship was found for nonhuman factors accidents. This result satisfied the criteria for model validation. A reliable time of day variation occurred in human factors accidents (r = 0.71) but not in nonhuman factors accidents. The risk of human factors accidents was elevated at any effectiveness score below 90 and increased progressively with reduced effectiveness. At an effectiveness score ≤ 50, human factors accidents were 65 percent more likely than chance. Human factors accident risk increases reliably when effectiveness goes below 70, a value that is the rough equivalent of a 0.08 blood alcohol level or being awake for 21 hour following an 8-hour sleep period the previous night. Below an effectiveness score of 70, accident cause codes indicated the kinds of operator errors consistent with fatigue, confirming that the relationship between accident risk and effectiveness was meaningful.


text:
Is Jessica Simpson Overexposed Right Now?
Are we the only ones who feel like Jessica Simpson and her giant baby bump are everywhere these days? From magazine covers to TV shows, the 31-year-old pop singer hasn't generated this much buzz since she thought canned tuna fish and chicken were the same thing.
While we love seeing Jess back in the spotlight — and with a legitimate reason to wear mom jeans — we're just a little concerned she's going a bit overboard in the TMI department.
J-Simp, who is expecting a baby girl next month with fiancé NFL player Eric Johnson, made yet another stop on her pregnancy press tour yesterday at Ryan Seacrest's radio show, telling the American Idol host, "I am definitely 'feeling intimate.' I'm kind of unstoppable right now. The Big O is, like, the biggest O ever!"
Gives new meaning to the term O-verexposed.
The Fashion Star mentor had another TMI moment during her Tonight Show interview on Monday, March 12, when she told Jay Leno about her on-set nickname:
"I came up with it because I was sweating my butt off and I just started calling myself 'swamp ass,'" she giggled. "Like, I have swamp ass right now. I have major swamp ass because I was wearing these Spanx to hold in my gut."
"It's like the bayou up in that. It's like not cute. It's very humid in there."
What do you think about all these candid appearances? Too much Jessica (and we mean that literally — have you seen her Elle cover?) or is she just enjoying her last month of pregnancy?
Source: Us Magazine, NBC
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text:
A high-ranking Israeli official in Los Angeles said today that after numerous inquiries, it appeared that no one in the Hollywood film industry or in the local Israeli community knew of a Sam Bacile, the supposed director-writer of the incendiary film "Innocence of Muslims."
The official expressed some doubt that a person by that name actually existed.
The Los Angeles chapter of the Council of American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) and the Islamic Shura Council are holding a press conference today to condemn the killing of the U.S. ambassador to Libya and attacks on diplomatic facilities and persons in Libya and Egypt.
In Washington, CAIR's national officials called on Muslims in the Middle East "to ignore the trashy anti-Islam film that resulted in the attacks."
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text:
At first glance, you may not notice anything different about the Messages app in iOS 8, but there is definitely a lot more going on when compared to iOS 7. Within the Messages app, Apple added several features including Tap to Talk which allows you to quickly record an audio/video message to send and playback inline within the app and the ability to quick reply to incoming messges.
Along with that, there's a new Details tab that contains several useful features like an attachment gallery, Do Not Disturb (per message thread), and location sharing abilities. Check out our hands-on video with the new Messages app to get a first look at all of new feature you can expect when iOS 8 is released later this year.
If you're a fan of group messages, Apple has also added some great features in this department. You now have the ability to add/remove contacts from a group message and label a group message's thread. There are several new features available in the Messages app that we're excited about. Check out the video below.
Leave a Reply
12 Responses to "A detailed look at the Messages app's new features in iOS 8 (Video)"
Interesting thing about messages: If you leave a conversation/ thread on your iOS 8 Beta device. It will still continue on a iOS 7 device and a 10.9 Mac. I have not tested this on the Yosemite update (as it is my work machine), but I was a bit disappointed that it was not apple ID wide. I'm hoping that was an oversight and at least gets changed to work across to OSX too, or in my opinion it is a useless feature. If anyone can confirm that it stops on Yosemite I'd love to know- thanks! (re-post, might be better here instead of the iOS8 general thread).
Another iOS release rolls around and my iMessage still won't sync between my devices. It's just ridiculous.
What happened when we sent the audio message to iOS7 user? Will they be able to listen to it?
I am unable to find the microphone on the update? I have an iphone 5, and see the predictive words pop up, but no mic?
Is there a way to have photos in ALL text conversations, rather than just groups?
Ridiculous if not, I love Apple but they're so behind on so many things! My boyfriends 1 year old phone without any software updates has this function.
For example the option to have photos in the inbox, so you can glance quickly and pick a conversation with the photo, and then photos in the actual conversation between two people especially, rather than just groups, to determine between the two.
I have iOS8 but I'm not a developer, how do I give feedback? Can any developers out there do this?
Really disappointed with IOS8! :(
Thumps up. I enjoyed this. Thanks!


text:
Home Kent Business County News Article
A Kent based company has released a new simple beer making kit, meaning beer lovers can now brew their own batch.
Independent business Moodley's has launched its kit which uses Kent grown hops and can be purchased from markets across the county.
Taking less than two hours to prepare, and arriving with simple instructions, anyone can start brewing despite having no prior experience.
The Tonbridge-based business, which was launched in 2008 by owner Yudhistra Moodley, revealed its new invention at the Tunbridge Wells Farmer's Market held in June.
He said: "I felt that there wasn't a kit that gave you the same quality of beer as you would drink from a craft brewery.
"The kit builds on my experience as a professional brewer to create a product that uses the same ingredients microbreweries use."
It includes crushed malted barley, whole Kent grown hops and yeast meaning sugar, water and a 5 litre saucepan are the only additional items required.
More can be bought from the online shop, farmer's markets and Notcutts Garden Centre on Tonbridge Road, Pembury so that the kit can be reused.
The preparation time is less than two hours and the fermentation period is two weeks.
Designed for both the beer enthusiast and the gift market, Yudhistra said: "I want this to appeal to a wide range of people; men and women of all ages."
"I felt that there wasn't a kit that gave you the same quality of beer as you would drink from a craft brewery" - Yudhistra Moodley
A self-taught brewer, he started out from his home in Rusthall, working hard to craft his first signature beer, Toad Rock Bitter; a pale, easy drinking beer, made with Kentish hops.
He added: "Once I felt I had the recipe just right, I bottled it and started to take it around to farm shops. The response was phenomenal and encouraged me to keep going and start crafting new varieties of beers."
In 2009 Yudhistra moved into his own Microbrewery based at Bowens Farm in Penshurst.
To order a kit visit: http://www.moodleys.co.uk/
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text: Main Content Section 15.234 friendly link Printer Friendly FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (EXCERPT)Act 442 of 1976 ***** 15.234 THIS SECTION IS AMENDED EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2015: See 15.234.amended ***** 15.234 Fee; waiver or reduction; affidavit; deposit; calculation of costs; limitation; provisions inapplicable to certain public records. Sec. 4. (1) A public body may charge a fee for a public record search, the necessary copying of a public record for inspection, or for providing a copy of a public record. Subject to subsections (3) and (4), the fee shall be limited to actual mailing costs, and to the actual incremental cost of duplication or publication including labor, the cost of search, examination, review, and the deletion and separation of exempt from nonexempt information as provided in section 14. A search for a public record may be conducted or copies of public records may be furnished without charge or at a reduced charge if the public body determines that a waiver or reduction of the fee is in the public interest because searching for or furnishing copies of the public record can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public. A public record search shall be made and a copy of a public record shall be furnished without charge for the first $20.00 of the fee for each request to an individual who is entitled to information under this act and who submits an affidavit stating that the individual is then receiving public assistance or, if not receiving public assistance, stating facts showing inability to pay the cost because of indigency. (2) A public body may require at the time a request is made a good faith deposit from the person requesting the public record or series of public records, if the fee authorized under this section exceeds $50.00. The deposit shall not exceed 1/2 of the total fee. (3) In calculating the cost of labor incurred in duplication and mailing and the cost of examination, review, separation, and deletion under subsection (1), a public body may not charge more than the hourly wage of the lowest paid public body employee capable of retrieving the information necessary to comply with a request under this act. Fees shall be uniform and not dependent upon the identity of the requesting person. A public body shall utilize the most economical means available for making copies of public records. A fee shall not be charged for the cost of search, examination, review, and the deletion and separation of exempt from nonexempt information as provided in section 14 unless failure to charge a fee would result in unreasonably high costs to the public body because of the nature of the request in the particular instance, and the public body specifically identifies the nature of these unreasonably high costs. A public body shall establish and publish procedures and guidelines to implement this subsection. (4) This section does not apply to public records prepared under an act or statute specifically authorizing the sale of those public records to the public, or if the amount of the fee for providing a copy of the public record is otherwise specifically provided by an act or statute. History: 1976, Act 442, Eff. Apr. 13, 1977 ;-- Am. 1988, Act 99, Imd. Eff. Apr. 11, 1988 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 553, Eff. Mar. 31, 1997 Constitutionality: The disclosure of public records under the freedom of information act impartially to the general public for the incremental cost of creating the record is not a granting of credit by the state in aid of private persons and does not justify nondisclosure on the theory that the information is proprietary information belonging to a public body. Kestenbaum v Michigan State University, 414 Mich 510; 417 NW2d 1102 (1982).Popular Name: Act 442Popular Name: FOIA © 2009 Legislative Council, State of Michigan


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|News and Community Announcements Information Regarding The Mac-Forums Community
|Post Reply
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Member Since: Oct 27, 2002
Location: Cleveland, Ohio
Posts: 13,195
Mac Specs: MacBook Pro | LED Cinema Display | iPhone 4 | iPad 2
And we'd like to congratulate and welcome CrimsonRequiem as our latest moderator!
schweb | community leader
flickr » facebook » twitter » tumblr » google+ » about.me
Mac-Forums: On Twitter | On Facebook | On Flickr
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Member Since: May 20, 2008
Location: U.S.
Posts: 31,320
Mac Specs: 13" MB 2.4ghz, 2gig ram, OS 10.7.5
- Too many "beachballs", read this: Beachballs
- Computer seems slower than it used to? Read this for some slow computer tips: Speedup
- Almost full hard drive? Some solutions. Out of Space
- Apple Battery Info. Battery
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Member Since: Oct 19, 2008
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Important Links: Community Guidelines : Use the reputation system if you've been helped.
M-F Blog :: Write for the blog
Writing a Quality Post
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Member Since: Jul 02, 2007
Location: Going Galt...
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Never judge a man, untill you have walked a mile in his shoes...
That way you'll be a mile away from him, and you'll have his shoes.
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Sylvester Roque Former Contributing Editor About This Particular Macintosh
"Got Time to breathe. You got time for music." Denver Pyle as Briscoe Darling
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[SIZE="2"] Macbook ownwer (3,1) Macbook Pro owner Ipod nano owner HP Pavililion owner
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Use the reputation system if a post helps you!
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Location: Texas, where else?
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Mission comes first in appointments
The mission of the church comes first. "We say that to ourselves, and repeat it constantly," Missouri Bishop Robert Schnase said of the appointive cabinet meetings. "We have tried in a very conscientious way to make the appointment system more consistent, to make it more outward focused and to make it mission driven." Bishop Schnase spent the first hour of the last day of Annual Conference Session teaching how the Missouri Conference cabinet goes about making...
Cleaver: By God, things can change
Rev. Emanuel Cleaver addressed the Missouri Conference just before the service of sending forth on Monday morning, and reviewed some of the impressions he got in the past year while working part-time as the Assistant to the Bishop in African American Leadership Development. He began by reading from Psalm 73. "The voice of the psalmist is revealing paralyzing pessimism that has taken control. His soul, body and heart has suffered immensely. But right in the middle of his declaration...
Retirees reflect on service, give thanks
As Missouri Conference clergy closed their careers at the Saturday morning retirement service during Annual Conference Session, many reflected back on how their service to the church began. "Aren't circles amazing things? This journey of faith has taken me full circle from Volunteer in Mission to becoming a missionary – from West Plains to Costa Rica and Kenya – as a Deaconess, and a Parish Nurse in Atlanta and New York – to Brazil and Nicaragua – from...
High-Tech Chat: Dad joins confirmation from Iraq
One of my joys is seeing the way technology is changing wor- ship. We confirmed 19 young adults Sunday, May 16. Gavin Schmidt's father Lt. Colonel Paul Schmidt is serving in the US Army and currently is stationed in Basra, Iraq. I had e-mailed asking him to write a prayer and send pictures for us to use on the overhead. My goal was to have him participate someway in our service. We had updated our media and technology four years ago as we funded new and emerg- ing ministries. Our media...
Camps raise standards, continue to develop
Ron Watts and David Israel told the conference that in much the same way a car needs to be aligned to run smoothly, camping ministries has worked with their policies and bylaws to "align" camping ministries with the vision and mission of the Annual Conference. Much of their work involved property matters. The work has been ongoing since the camping ministries of the former Missouri East and Missouri West Conference united before the Missouri Conference was formed. Standards for the...
Bishop Schnase takes Five Practices to personal level
The learning time with Bishop Schnase was in his words "the biggest Sunday school class I've ever taught." His goal for the morning was to introduce his approach of taking the message of the Five Fruitful Characteristics from congrega- tional understanding and practice to per- sonal practice. This takes the conversation to a whole different level. "The word fruitful invokes a variety of Scriptural images," said Bishop Schnase. "We read about vines, and...
Roderick: Let others see you searching
"Wake Up, Church, Wake Up!", sung beautifully by the Asbury (Springfield) UMC Choir, prepared the members of Annual Conference for the Sunday morn- ing message delivered by Rev. Robin Roderick, senior pastor of First UMC, St. Charles. The choir selection followed a moving dramatization of Simeon meeting Mary, Joseph, and the baby Jesus in the temple. Using a recording of the U2 song "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", Rev. Roderick pointed out the...
Slaughter: Get church out into the world
There's no point in churches spending any time debating the mission of their church. "We can't re-engineer the mission. Jesus gave it to us," said Rev. Michael Slaughter of Ginghamsburg UMC. "The first words out of his mouth after the resurrection were 'As the father has sent me, so I send you'." Slaughter led a time of learning and a workshop at Annual Conference Session. He spoke about changing the world, and he reminded people that the issue...
Ordination service brings 19 into full connection
The Missouri Conference has 18 new elders and 1 new deacon following last night's ordination service at the Juanita K. Hammons Hall for the Performing Arts. The number being ordained was higher than usual this year. This is due in part to a change in the length of service required from the time candidates are commis- sioned until the time they are ordained. Bishop Robert Hayes of the Oklahoma Area was the preacher for the service. His scripture for the sermon was Matthew 16; 24-26....
Proposed 2011 budget calls for no increase
Lynn Dyke, chair of the Conference Commission of Finance and Administration, presented a proposed 2011 budget that represents a zero percent increase over the 2010 budget. "You and I live in a world that every day is screaming scarcity," she said, "Every day you see ads that scream for us to buy more and bigger and different, ads to buy some new gadget that will help meet a need you weren't aware you had. "We believe that we don't have enough money or...
UM Publishing donates to imagine no malaria campaign
Jerry Ruth Williams, a member of the Board of Directors for the United Methodist Publishing House, announced that, in partnership with all those who purchase resources from Cokesbury, the publishing house has donated $50,000 to the Imagine No Malaria campaign. The publishers also raised $10,000 for Haiti earthquake relief this year. However, due to the economic conditions, they were unable to make a donation to the central conference retirement fund. United Methodist Publishing House oversees...
Retirees honored, candidates commissioned
The Woods Chapel Church Jazz Band provided a smooth beginning to the Service of Retirement, Commissioning and Recognition. Of the 26 retirees, 14 were present to share reflections on their ministry. Here are some brief highlights: Jim Bryan: "Amy (Gearhart), you will now be known as the pastor of the church across from Shakespeare's Pizza. The first slice is on me." Steve Campbell: He started out by filling in for a pastor who was recovering from an illness, and then that...
Workshop focuses on growing children's ministry
Ms. Legler and Ms. Daugherty have successfully grown the children's ministry by starting with prayer and the commitment of the congregation to designate both money and time. Creating a church facility that is kid friendly is essential to attracting and keeping children and their families. This means not only cosmetic upgrades but repurposing space throughout the build- ing. Room uses are determined by what the curriculum will require. A rotation system of curriculum has worked at West...
UMW reports on Assembly
Mabel Unser (Gateway Central), Conference president brought her report to the Annual Conference, highlighting the international quadrilateral gathering in St. Louis this past April. Over 6,500 attended highlighted by worship and workshops. Past presidents of the Women's Division were a part of the historical pre- sentation of the UMW. "Our own Mai Gray, former president of the Women's Division," said Ms. Unser, "was a part of that presentation and passed away soon...
Values Team helps monitor diversity
In the midst of team reports during the first plenary session, Michele Sue Shumake-Keller, Choong-Ho Kwon, and Kathy Morrison injected a little fun by presenting a skit about the work of the Values Team. The team is connected to the General Commission on Religion and Race and the Status and Role of Women. They portrayed the "ministry of monitor- ing", ensuring inclusiveness in the midst of diversity. The Values Team counts people because "all God's people in God's...
Deepening spirituality important for all leaders
Rev. Jim Simpson stressed that all spiritual development begins with the understanding that we are part of an ongoing story begun by and including God. Each of us in turn is a word in the story. It's important for leaders to recognize that and to understand that the story God tells is not complete without all of our words. Key points in deepening spiritual development is to cultivate serious conver- sation that builds and deepens relations. This enables leaders to help one...
Barringer: We're called to be the Aroma of Christ
Rev. Rob Barringer and the Lifesong Worship Team from Lifesong United Methodist Church in Kimberling City, a new church start that celebrated its first year of existence in January, opened the annual conference with a passionate call to a deeper and stronger relationship with God. Why? In order to help others hear God's call and enter into a deeper and stronger relationship with God through Jesus Christ. The worship helped all of us hear the theme of our 2010 Annual Conference,...
Bishop Schnase reviews year of progress
Bishop Robert Schnase discussed the work of the Conference for his sixth year by lifting up where the Conference has been and where it needs to go. "We spent the first few years focusing on sorting out our vision and our values," said Bishop Schnase. "We understood that the mission of the Conference is to lead congregations to lead people to Christ. This means that the work of the annual conference is to strengthen the local con- gregations so they can effectively...
Farr charts progress in Congregational Excellence
Bob Farr, Director of Congregational Excellence, celebrated new initiatives to strengthen congregations in the Missouri Annual Conference while at the same time, he warned that there is much work to be done to turn around 50 years of decline. Strengthening the church involves revitalization of existing congregations as well as new church starts. Three revitaliza- tion programs that did not exist at annual conference last year have been successfully launched. "When I stood here last year,...
Technology training available at Conference
The Missouri Conference Communications Commission is offering a hands-on learning opportunity for mul- tiple types of communications technolo- gies. Curtis Olsen, commission chair, has set up a mobile computer lab in the back corner of the exhibition area, and several volunteers have committed to give instruc- tions during the break times of Annual Conference Session. On Saturday from noon to 2 p.m. Eric Schmidt will be teaching Mac, ProPresenter & Final Cut Express. Linda Gastreich will...
Page 1 of 2
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'The Fox' video: What does the fox say? Norway answers
The "Harlem Shake" is done. "Gangnam Style" has gone back to Korea. This is the time of "The Fox."
Yes, "The Fox." If you haven't seen the video for this strange little Norwegian song, you might want to stop reading now. Instead, click play on the video and prepare to blow your mind.
Believe it or not, there's actually a legitimate reason for this song and video to exist. Two Norwegian comedians and television hosts, Bard Ylvisaker and Vegard Ylvisaker -- who record under the name " Ylvis" -- created "The Fox" as a promotional video for the upcoming season of their talk show, "I Kveld med YLVIS."
Do the nature calls of animals have anything to do with the show itself? Or is this just the work of twisted minds addled by two many cold winters in the frozen northlands of Europe? Should this whole thing be rejected because the singers seem to think the elephant says toot?
Much like the central question in the song -- "What does the fox say?" -- there may not be any answers. There is just one crazy and super-entertaining video. Enjoy.
Photo/Video credit: YouTube


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African armyworm
Scientific name:
Spodoptera exempta, Laphygma exempta
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae
Local names:
Ethiopia: Geiry, Temch. Kenya: Keenyu, Kungu, Ng'Urrto, Ngonga. Uganda: N'Kugula, Omor. Sudan: El-Afrigia, El-Dudah, El-Zafha. Somalia: Diirta afrikaana. Mozambique: Nyanja. Malawi: Nchembere, Zandonda, Chipakusu, Kapuchi
pest (insect/mite)
Common names:
Mystery worm, Barnosay
Host plants:Carrot Maize Millet Rice Sorghum Sugarcane Teff
General Information on Pest and Damage
|Geographical Distribution of the African armyworm in Africa (red marked)
IntroductionThe African armyworm is a migratory moth, the larvae (caterpillars) of which are important pests of pastures and cereal crops, predominantly in Africa south of the Sahara, Yemen, and certain countries of the Pacific region.
Normally, only small numbers of this pest occur, usually on pastures. However, periodically the populations increase dramatically and mass migration of moths occur, covering many thousands of square kilometres and traversing international boundaries. They travel from field to field in great numbers, hence the name "armyworm".
Outbreaks follow the onset of wet seasons when dry grasslands produce new growth and cereal crops are planted. The severity and extent of outbreaks are increased by extended drought followed by early season rainstorms, which concentrate egg-laying moths and provide flushes of new grass as food for newly hatched caterpillars, and dry and sunny periods during the caterpillar development, which promote survival and rapid development. Therefore, major upsurges occur in seasons of sporadic rainstorms and long sunny periods throughout the outbreak period.
Caterpillars are major pests in outbreak years, causing significant losses on a local, national and regional scale. During outbreaks, caterpillars occur in such high numbers that they have to travel in masses from one field to another in search of food to complete their development, devastating crops as they move. Significant losses are most consistently reported from eastern and southern Africa. However, in recent decades, the frequency of reports from West Africa has increased, possibly due to the extension of suitable grassland habitats following forest and bush clearance for agriculture.
The economic importance of the African armyworm is due to its rapid development (short life cycle), high reproductive capacity, and mobility by migration. Moreover, there is little time to react as infestations frequently go unnoticed, since young caterpillars are difficult to detect. When caterpillars become conspicuous (at the fourth instar), they cause a lot of damage in a very short time.
DamageThe degree of damage to crops depends on:
- Stage of development of the crop
- Prevailing weather conditions
- Density of caterpillars present and area affected
The degree of damage by armyworms varies from year to year. In East Africa, a severe outbreak can cover several square kilometres at very high densities, while in non-outbreak years, caterpillar density is often low, and the size of attacked areas is negligible. The first armyworm outbreaks appear in Tanzania and Kenya, and are serious in nine years out of ten, causing up to 90% losses of crops and pasture in bad years. They covered 157,000 hectares of crops and pasture in 2001. In major outbreak years the moths subsequently migrate to cause extensive damage in Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia and Eritrea and may travel as far as Yemen, or south to Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia.
Grasslands, even maturing crops can be totally destroyed. If drought conditions follow an outbreak, plants may not recover from defoliation and replanting may fail to produce a crop.
Damage to cereal crops results principally from attack on young plants by young caterpillars hatching or dispersing into the crop from adjacent wild grasses. Weed-free maize crops taller than 50 cm are unlikely to become infested by newly hatched caterpillars because the leaves are too tough to allow them to establish. However, when older caterpillars moving from heavily infested grasslands invade fields, even maturing crops can be totally destroyed. Reported yield losses caused by defoliation in maize range from nine percent in plants attacked at the early whorl (four leaves) stage to 100% in those damaged at the pre-tassel stage. The ability of young maize plants to recover from armyworm damage depends on the position of the growing point at the time of attack and the amount of root development when the caterpillars stop feeding. Damage is always serious if the growing point is affected but, as it remains at the base of the plant until near to the pre-tassel stage, it may be below ground during the outbreak and remain undamaged.
Replanting maize after armyworms have destroyed the first-sown plants is frequently unsatisfactory, as the optimum planting dates will have been missed. Yield losses of 6% have been estimated for each day's delay after the optimum planting date in high-rainfall areas in Kenya. Late planting may result in much higher losses in areas with less rainfall; yield losses of up to 92% have been recorded in such areas in Malawi and Kenya. If drought conditions follow an outbreak, plants may not recover from defoliation and replanting may fail to produce a crop.
In sorghum, millet, rice and teff, armyworm damage may stimulate growth of tillers (lateral shoots on or just under the surface of the ground), which can increase yield in favourable conditions. If subsequent rainfall is adequate for crop growth and development, yield losses may be limited, providing the damage occurs before the critical grain-initiation stage has been reached.
Damage to pasture and rangeland can be extensive and severe. Good rainfall after infestation is an important factor in pasture recovery. In Kenya, vegetation changes in infested pastures have been reported to persist for many years before good grass cover has been restored by management of dicotyledonous weeds.
Indirect losses to livestock due to armyworm outbreaks in pastures are sometimes severe, due to a combination of starvation and poisoning. The latter occurs when cattle graze on pastures recently infested with armyworm. Deaths among cattle grazing recently infested pasture have been reported by herdsmen in southern Ethiopia, Somalia (where 100 cattle were reported to have died on one occasion), and Kenya, as well as in southern Africa. Speculations as to the causes of death include high cyanide levels induced in Cynodon grasses by armyworm damage, and ingestion of caterpillars or fungal mycotoxins on armyworm faeces.
Host Range
The plants attacked are mainly cereals, grasses and sedges (Poaceae and Cyperaceae families). Major economically important hosts are: barley, pearl millet, African millet, maize, oat, rice, sorghum, sugarcane, teff, wheat and pasture grasses, especially Cynodon and Pennisetum species. Caterpillars exhibit strong host preferences within the Poaceae (cereals and grasses); there are major differences between varieties of cereal crops in their susceptibility to attack. Armyworm has once been found causing serious damage to coconut seedlings and once to young tea and, during high-density outbreaks, non-host plants including tobacco and cotton may be eaten, though not extensively.
Primary hosts: Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Oryza sativa (rice), Eragrostis tef (teff), Zea mays (maize), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Avena sativa (oats), Triticum spp. (wheat) and Zingiber officinale (ginger).
Secondary hosts: Palmae (plants of the palm family), Rosaceae, Cyperus (flatsedge).
Wild hosts: Eleusine coracana (Koracan), Poaceae (grasses), Cyperaceae (Sedges), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Panicum maximum (Guinea grass), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass), Cynodon spp. (Quickgrass) and Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet).
SymptomsThe symptom of African armyworm attack is gross feeding damage to foliage, growing points and young stems. Young caterpillars scrape out the tissue of one side of the leaves creating a 'window' effect; leaves may dry up and assume a scorched appearance. Older caterpillars feed on leaves starting at the margins and moving inwards, leaving the leaves with a ragged appearance. They may eat whole leaves leaving only the midrib.
Severe infestation results in total defoliation or destruction of the plant to ground level. Older caterpillars drop to the ground if disturbed. With large populations the ground may be literally covered with the gregarious band of caterpillars.
Affected Plant StagesFlowering stage, fruiting stage, seedling stage and vegetative growing stage.
Affected Plant PartsGrowing points, leaves and stems.
Symptoms by affected plant partGrowing points: external feeding.
Leaves: external feeding, windowing, ragged leaves.
Stems: external feeding.
Biology and Ecology on the African Armyworm
African armyworm lifecycle
|Lifecycle of armyworm. 10 to 300 eggs are laid by an adult female moth, on the leaves. The eggs are white and become dark brown just before hatching (about 0.5 mm in diameter). Depending on temperature the eggs hatch after 2 to 5 days.
|© IRRI Rice doctor
In East Africa the lifecycle lasts about 25 days at an average temperature of 26°C. Eggs hatch in 2 to 5 days); larval stage lasts 14 to 22 days; pupal phase takes 7 to 15 days; and adults lifespan is 5 to 16 days.
Individual eggs are almost spherical, slightly flattened, and about 0.5 mm in diameter. They are whitish yellow in colour when newly laid, but darken just before hatching.
Female moths lay eggs at night in batches of 10 to 300 eggs in one or more layers on the leaves of the host plants, or sometimes on other surfaces (e.g. dry grasses, leaves of tall plants, twigs of bushes and trees, or on buildings). The egg mass is covered with black hairs from the female. The eggs hatch after 2 to 5 days, depending on temperature.
|African armyworm. Mature larvae measure up to 4 cm. This is the gregarious form (caterpillars growing crowded).
|© University of Arkansas
Young caterpillars are green.
Gregarious caterpillars (caterpillars growing crowded) become blackish as they grow. Fully-grown caterpillars are about 40 mm in length; they are velvety-black on the upper body surface with green, black, yellow and white lateral stripes. The underside of the body is green or yellow and the larvae do no have hairs on the body. The head is shiny-black.
Gregarious caterpillars are very active and feed on the upper part of the plant avoiding shade.
Solitarious caterpillars (caterpillars growing singly) are coloured in a variety of shades of green-brown or pink, with a pale speckled head. They appear fat, and are extremely sluggish, actively avoiding the sun and sheltering and feeding at the base of grasses.
Armyworm caterpillars usually feed on cloudy days and at night. When armyworms are numerous and the food supply becomes depleted, caterpillars march in great numbers to find a new food source. During this time they may also be seen feeding during the day. Mature caterpillars burrow into the soil to pupate.
The pupae are brown in colour right after pupation turning darker brown and finally almost black. They are 10 to 14 mm long, with a smooth, shiny surface, and are enclosed in a delicate cocoon of soil particles held together by silk.
|Armyworm, adult male moth S. exempta (museum set specimen). 1.4 to 1.8 cm long and with a wingspan of about 3 cm.
|© Georg Goergen/IITA Insect Museum, Cotonou, Benin. Reproduced from the Crop Protection Compendium, 2004 Edition.
Adult African armyworms are stout-bodied moths, 1.4 to 1.8 cm long and with a wingspan of about 3 cm. Forewings are dark-brown with distinctive grey-black markings. Hindwings are white with dark veins.
Life stages of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)
|A female moth (Figure 1) can lay 500 - 600 eggs, in clusters of 50 - 150, covered with scales and hairs, which gives them a woolly appearance (Figure 2). Eggs are greenish cream coloured when freshly laid turning dark in colour before hatching (Figure 3). The eggs hatch after 2-4 days depending on temperature. Newly hatched caterpillars are about 1 mm long, light green in colour with black heads (Figure 4). Young larvae feed on the underside of leaves, causing characteristic 'windowing' (Figure 5). The fully-grown caterpillar is about 30 mm long, light green with conspicuous stripes along the sides of the body (Figure 6). The average larval period is about 11 days. The larvae pupate in the soil (Figure 7) and the adult moth emerges after about six days.
Pest and Disease Management
Pest and disease Management: General illustration of the concept of infonet-biovision
Further below you find concrete preventive and curative methods against African armyworm
Cultural practices
MonitoringTo monitor the presence of armyworm, conduct visual inspection by going around all your fields. Armyworms feed at night and hide under debris during the day. Solitary forms are usually sparsely distributed and difficult to find. Consequently, armyworms are not usually noticed until severe damage occurs.
However, they can be monitored in late evening or early morning as they may still be actively feeding. Some caterpillars may be seen feeding on overcast days, especially during a severe outbreak.
- Hand-pick the caterpillars and feed these to chickens and ducks
Regular monitoring is vital for timely action. Look in field margins, low areas where plants have lodged, beneath plant debris around the base of plants, on the ground, and underneath the plant leaves.
If conditions are known to be favourable to the pest, a close watch daily should be kept on grassland and young cereal crops. The earlier the infestation is noticed, the more effectively can control methods be carried out.
A recommendation for monitoring armyworms is to examine 100 plants at random by examining 20 plants from five locations.
Tentative nominal action thresholds for control measures have been determined for maize. To avoid yield losses of over 15%, action thresholds for early whorl maize should be taken as 200 second (L2), 80 third (L3), or 20 fourth (L4) instar caterpillars per 100 plants. Serious damage develops rapidly once caterpillars reach the L4 stage (CABI, 2000). As a general rule, control measures for the protection of pasture are not recommended unless caterpillar densities exceed 10/m² (CABI, 2000).
Control of armyworms is a large-scale venture and requires international collaboration. It usually involves early warning based on light traps or pheromone catches, or forecasts based on prevailing meteorological conditions. Accurate monitoring and prompt reporting of armyworm outbreaks is essential for forecasting and control.
A forecasting system for armyworms has been in operation in East Africa since 1969. National crop protection services have departments with special responsibility for control of migrant pests, including armyworm, such as the Plant Protection Services in Tanzania and the Crop Protection Branch in Kenya. In Tanzania, the National Armyworm Control Programme based at Tengeru-Arusha, runs a network of traps distributed throughout the country. Farmers are advised to inspect their fields for signs of infestation immediately the forecast warns of expected outbreak in the area. Recently, a community-based monitoring system has been implemented successfully in several high-risk districts, where armyworm forecasters have been trained to monitor male moth numbers through the use of pheromone traps (Mushobozi et al., 2005).
In Kenya, radio dissemination is provided by Kenya Agricultural Information and Resource Centre.
The Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa (DLCO-EA) and the International Red Locust Control Organization for Central and Southern Africa (IRLCO-CSA) have regional responsibilities for armyworm.
Armyworm attacks are notifiable in the region. This means that if anyone spots armyworms, it should be reported immediately to the authorities (Ministry of Agriculture/ National Crop Protection Services), which will then send an eradication team, depending on the severity of the outbreak.
Listen to radio announcements to prepare yourself for armyworm outbreaks.
Field sanitationCut grass weeds from bordering fields. Remove weeds regularly to reduce breeding sites and shelter for armyworm. However, if fields do become infested leaving grass weeds until the caterpillar have pupated or been controlled may help to reduce damage to the crop, since caterpillars may feed on weeds. Remove all plant debris after harvesting.
Variety selectionSome maize varieties are more susceptible to attack than others, e.g. Katumani, a dryland variety grown widely in Eastern Kenya. These varieties are most at risk where probabilities of armyworm infestation are high.
TillagePlough and harrow field thoroughly. Turning the soil exposes armyworm pupae to desiccation and natural enemies.
Habitat Management
An outbreak is more likely to occur if crops have been fertilised with high quantities of nitrogen as this causes green, sappy growth, which is very attractive to armyworm caterpillars.
Biological pest control
Natural enemiesNatural enemies should be encouraged by maintaining natural surroundings with plenty of breeding places for them, including trees and shrubs.
Many birds, toads, lizards, small mammals, insects and spiders prey on the African armyworm at different stages of its life cycle:
- Lacewings, predatory wasps, parasitic wasps, flies, and spiders attack armyworm caterpillars.
- Night birds and bats feed on the African armyworm moths.
- Birds (storks and crows) may decimate small outbreaks but have little influence on larger ones.
Viruses and fungiArmyworms are also attacked by viruses and fungi. In some instances, viruses have been known to cause armyworm populations to crash within a few days. Armyworm caterpillars infected with a virus appear limp and hang from plants after they die.
A nuclear polyhedrosis virus, specific for the African armyworm (SpexNPV), sometimes act as a natural control during outbreak of caterpillars. First armyworm outbreaks of the season may be virus-free, but this virus may eliminate later outbreaks, mortalities of over 98% being frequent. Widespread virus attack is often associated with overcast, cool, wet weather.
The main problem with NPV is that it generally spreads too slowly, and it arrives too late to prevent crop loss. However, NPV can be sprayed like other pesticides, and once sprayed the virus spreads and multiplies in the armyworm. To be effective NPV has to be sprayed on to very young caterpillars (during the first few days after hatching) so it is vital that information about outbreaks is gathered quickly. This requires early warning of outbreaks, through regular monitoring of moth numbers. A joint project to develop alternative, non-chemical technologies for the management of the African armyworm between the Tanzanian government and the UK's Natural Resources Institute (NRI) was initiated in Tanzania in 1999. The project has developed a system to mass-produce NPV cheaply and a community-based armyworm forecasting pack, which is now being promoted more widely, and decision tools. (Earth report 6, Mushobozi et al, 2005; New Agriculturist, 2006.).
Another virus (Cytoplasmic Virus) is also an important pathogen, killing pre-pupae and pupae. Fungi and bacteria are thought to be of minor importance (Odiyo and Stickler, 1977; Rose et al., 1996).
Also it is known that armyworms are attacked in nature by viruses e.g. Spodoptera exempta nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SpexNPV) and Cytoplasmic virus. Field trials proved that SpexNPV sprays at the rate of 1 x 10^12 occlusion bodies per ha were effective in controlling armyworms. Sprays were applied at the third instar stage. Natural Resources Institute (UK) and Pest Control Services (Tanzania) has developed a system for mass production of SpexNPV as a biopesticide. Information on the product is available on www.dfid.gov.uk.
For more information on natural enemies click here.
Biopesticides and physical methods
BiopesticidesBiopesticides (including botanicals/plant extracts and microbials) such as Neem, Pyrethrum and Bt should be applied if larvae are at or above threshold levels and preferably when caterpillars are approximately 12 to 20 mm long, namely before most damage has occurred. Once caterpillars are mature, that means they are 30 to 35 mm long, they will have done most of their feeding damage and it would no longer be economical to apply a biopesticide. In Namibia, the quoted threshold is 25 armyworms per trap. Traps are checked weekly (Namibian Crop Pests No. 28)
Biopesticides should be applied in the evening since armyworms prefer to feed at night.
Precautions: It is important to follow all precautions and directions listed it on the label when using a commercial biopesticide (or a pesticide) and ensure that the product is registered for armyworms on the specified crop. Pay particular attention to the required water volume to be used. Best control is achieved when using the highest water volumes. This applies to pesticide and bio-pesticide use for all pests/crops.
NeemTrials carried out in Tanzania showed that both neem seed and leaf extracts could be used to kill armyworms. Eventhough neem extracts are as effective as SpexNPV and synthetic pesticides, their use is only practicable in small holdings.The high bulk of neem needed and high transport costs means it is not feasible to use it on a large scale.
How to prepare neem solution:
Fallen neem fruits are collected from underneath the trees. The flesh is removed from the seeds and any remaining shreds washed away. The seed is carefully dried in airy conditions (in sacks or baskets) to avoid formation of mould. When needed, the seeds are shelled, finely grated, and then soaked overnight in a cloth suspended in a barrel of water. Dosage: 50g of neem powder per litre of water. This solution is then sprayed on infested plants.
- Grind 500 grams (g) of neem seed kernels in a mill or pound in a mortar.
- Mix crushed neem seed with 10 litres of water. It is necessary to use a lot of water because the active ingredients do not dissolve easily. Stir the mixture well.
- Leave to stand for at least 5 hours in a shady area.
- Spray the neem water directly onto the crop using a sprayer or straw brush.
About 20 to 30kg of neem seed (an average yield from 2 trees), prepared as neem water can treat one hectare of crop.
Neem water can be stored and will remain effective for 3 to 6 days if it is kept in the dark.
For more information on neem click here
PyrethrumRecipes for pyrethrum in pest control:
- Pick the flowers on a warm day when they are fully open.
- Pile them up into small heaps in the sun to warm through.
- Then spread them out to dry on thick mats in a shady area.
- If they are to be stored, they need to be kept in an airtight container in the dark. Light reduces the effectiveness of the flowers.
Pyrethrum powder:
Grind flowers to a dust. Use pure or mix with a carrier like talc or lime. Sprinkle over infested plants.
Pyrethrum liquid:
Mix 20g pyrethrum powder with 10 litres water. Soap can be added to make the substance more effective but it is not vital. Apply immediately as a spray.
For more information on pyrethrum click here.
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis)Commercial formulations of several Bt strains are available in East Africa. These include Dipel® , Thuricide® and Xentari® . Use an application rate indicated on the product label.
How to use Bt:
- Spray thoroughly, covering all the plant surfaces.
- Apply when larvae are less than 5 mm long or when the eggs begin to hatch. Bt works best on young larvae.
- In the hot tropics, it is more effective to spray Bt in the late afternoon as there are longer and cooler hours ahead. This enables Bt to remain longer surfaces of the leaves. Bt survives better in cooler temperature. Whereas, spraying in the morning provides a shorter and hotter environment.
- Do not mix the Bt concentrate with alkaline water (pH 8 or higher). Alkalinity reduces its effectiveness. To make the water acidic, add a few tablespoons of white vinegar in a gallon of water before adding Bt.
For more information on Bt click here.
Physical methodsThere are different physical methods mainly practicable in small holdings:
- Plough a deep ditch. Keep it filled with water. This method is helpful, when caterpillars are found to be moving towards your field from the adjacent fields.
- Another method is to dig a deep ditch with vertical sides to trap the caterpillars and prevent them from crawling out. Dig a hole, a diameter of a fence post, in every 10 meters within the ditch. Caterpillars are lured to congregate in the holes. Collect and properly dispose the trapped caterpillars
- Make pitfall traps - see image below
- Use light traps. They can provide useful information about the population of moths and therefore of caterpillars. Light traps help to predict if there is going to be an outbreak. However, light traps attract many other insects, including other moths. Therefore, it is very important to be able to recognise moths of the African armyworm. Use of light traps is primarily a tool in monitoring. In addition, a wooden tripod with a kerosene lantern is a ''light trap'' locally improvised.
- A tripod made of wooden poles (bamboo) is constructed with a lantern (kerosene) hanging in the middle over a bowl of water. The lantern is a fire hazard so the tripod must be secure, and the lamp must be hung so that the wood does not catch fire.
- Hand picking of caterpillars. This is only practicable in very small plots
For more information on traps click here
|Pitfall traps are the best means of collecting crawling insects.
|© University of Wisconsin
Information Source Links
- CABI. (2004). Crop Protection Compendium, 2004 Edition. © CAB International Publishing. Wallingford, UK. www.cabi.org
- DLCOEA Technical Bulletin (2002). Responses by farmers to African Armyworm Outbreaks: Field Survey Data from Kenya and Tanzania. A synopsis of previously unpublished data. Collated and edited by Malcolm Iles and Charles Dewhurst. University of Greenwich and NRI. ISBN: 0-85954-542-3
- HDRA. Henry Doubleday Research Association, UK. www.gardenorganic.org.uk
- Halting the march of African armyworm. New Agriculturist. Online. January 2006. www.new-agri.co.uk
- Hill, S. D. (1983). Agricultural insect pests of the tropics and their control. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0-521-24638-5
- IRRI. Armyworm. www.knowledgebank.irri.org
- Maund, C. (2002). Armyworm. New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture. Agriculture Development Branch. Integrated Pest Management Section. Fredericton, New Brunswick. ISBN Number: 1-55236-920-X
- Mushobozi,. W. L., Grzywacz, D. 2, Museve, R, Kimani, M. and Wilson, K. (2005). New approaches to improve the livelihoods of poor farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania through monitoring and control of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta. Aspects of Applied Biology 75. Pathways Out Of Poverty. pp 37-46. www.ecoagriconsult.com
- Novel technologies for the control of the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta on smallholder cereals in East Africa developed, evaluated and promoted. www.research4development.info
- Odiyo, P. O. and Stickler,P. D. (1977). Spodoptera exempta. In: Diseases, Pests and Weeds in Tropical Crops. Kranz, J., Schmuterres, H. and W. Koch (eds). pp. 494-498. Verlag Paul Parey. ISBN: 3-489-68626-8
- Plant Protection Annual Report (1999). Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives Tanzania.
- Research into Use Pocket Guide 5, Community-based armyworm forecasting saves crops, DFID. www.researchintouse.com
- Rose DJW, Dewhurst CF, Page WW, 1996. The African armyworm handbook. Nairobi, Kenya: Desert Locust Control Organisation for Eastern Africa.
- Turning the Worm - Tanzania. Earth Report. Series 6 www.tve.org
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Armyworm identification. entomology.unl.edu
- University of Vermont. Armyworm damage to field corn, small grains, grass hay and pasture - 2001. www.onrcd.org
- University of Wisconsin. How to make a pitfall trap. www.entomology.wisc.edu


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Duncan Hayler Set Design Child soloist Glyndebourne Opera The Cunning Little Vixen, Rattle/Miller 1977. Member of The National Youth Theatre of Great Britain. Degree in Theatre Set and Costume Design, Wimbledon School of Art. Winner Thames TV Design Bursary.
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Dodoma — THE National Assembly docked a private motion tabled by Mr James Mbatia (Nominated-NCCRMageuzi) to form a select committee and investigate serious weaknesses in the country's education sector.
Instead, it voted to deliberate on a counter motion presented by the Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Dr Shukuru Kawambwa, that asked Parliament to allow the state to take into consideration issues raised by Mbatia as it is reviewing the education and training policy.
The vote by members of parliament came after a battle of wits on issues surrounding standing orders, with those from the opposition claiming that docking Mr Mbatia's motion was against the orders while those from the ruling party supported the minister's motion.
In his motion, Mr Mbatia raised serious concerns in three main areas in the country's education sector which he named as education policy, lack of official curricula for secondary and primary education and weaknesses in approving learning and teaching materials for secondary and primary schools.
He also took swipe at the Educational Materials Approval Committee (EMAC) for failing to deliver on its duties and allowed the influx of mediocre learning and teaching materials in the country, which do not serve the intended purpose of educating and enlightening students and pupils.
To hammer his point home, he read excerpts from books that contained too many obvious errors yet they were still approved by EMAC. He accused officials of possible embezzlement of 13 million US dollars that was given in the form of assistance by South Carolina State University through USAID after Tanzania had requested for assistance for science and mathematics books.
"Education is the heartbeat of any nation, if the heartbeat is abnormal it might lead to the demise of a nation," he said. He also noted that weaknesses in the education sector have led to many failures in other sectors.
To look into the weaknesses and shortcomings in the sector, he proposed that Parliament should form a select committee to "probe the depth of the problem in the education system and where possible the committee should recommend courses of action to rid the nation of the problem."
Dr Kawambwa, however, countered the motion, saying that issues raised by Mr Mbatia are crucial but forming select committee alone would not solve the problem. He said since 2009 the government has started the process of reviewing the education and training policy, thus Parliament should instead wait for the review to be completed.
When the Speaker of the National Assembly, Ms Anna Makinda, wanted MPs to pick between one of the two motions to be discussed, a heated debate ensued. Although almost all legislators agreed in principle that issues raised by Mr Mbatia were of genuine concern, divisions emerged on whether or not to form a select committee.
Ms Makinda said that the issues raised by Mr Mbatia broad based and needed to be probed by more than just a select committee. The sentiment was echoed by Deputy Speaker, Mr Job Ndugai; Minister of State - Policy, Coordination and Parliamentary Affairs - Mr William Lukuvi and the Minister for Labour and Employment, Ms Gaudensia Kabaka.
Others were Mr Richard ole Sendeka (Simanjiro- CCM), Mrs Margareth Sitta (Special Seats-CCM), Ms Jenista Mhagama (Peramiho- CCM). Mr Mbatia opposed the move to dock his motion and was supported by other MPs from the opposition camp.


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Abandoned architecture has fascinated me since I was five years old. My grandmother used to take my brother and I in to investigate any old barn she happened to drive past. She was curious about what was left behind, and her inquisitive nature made a lasting impression on me.
I grew up in Dutchess County, New York, and like most places there were quite a few supposedly "haunted" buildings begging for a closer look. Hudson River State Hospital, one of the first places I went to on my own, was one of them. My friends and I used to drive around the campus late at night trying to scare each other. It was then that my interest in abandoned buildings evolved into a vehicle for artistic expression.
I've spent ten years composing photographic obituaries for once-thriving buildings that are now crumbled and forgotten. My hope for my work is that it will shine light on beautiful, dated architecture and on the equal yet sinister beauty in decay.
Matt Lambros is a photographer based in New York City.
"After The Final Curtain" is a photographic documentation of the effects of years of neglect and decay in some of America's greatest theaters.
April 1, 2011 4:38 pm
Please please please shoot the Uptown Theater in Chicago!
Helen permalinkApril 4, 2011 4:51 pm
I second Roberts plea!
April 7, 2011 10:51 am
Lovely blog! Do you have anything on the Pelham Picture House which has recently been renovated?
Joe permalinkApril 8, 2011 12:50 am
Matt, this is just wonderful! Your photographs of these exquisite theaters are so haunting and beautiful. PLEASE keep up the good work!
Los Angeles
MS permalinkApril 12, 2011 11:10 am
When will you publish all these memorable pictures in a book? I already have a spot on my coffee table.
April 14, 2011 8:12 pm
I share your interest in capturing the neglect of the RKO Keith's in Flushing NY. I've been posting images and slide shows for a few years. It needs all the publicity it can get for 2 reasons: 1 The loss of a landmark that has defined the neighborhood for millions and a cultural asset; 2 What is proposed to take its place will choke the saturated neighborhood with over-development.
May 13, 2011 8:36 pm
Good stuff. My bro lives in NYC. I saw your work on how to be a retronaut.
SheilaM permalinkJanuary 17, 2012 10:07 am
There is a theater in the architecture tradition of the ones that you photograph in downtown Hanover, PA, zip code 17331 (about an hour north of Baltimore, MD). It is also in need of restoration, current owners attempted but vandals and the economy have hurt their cause and it is now up for sale. Would love to see it restored, the building is quite remarkable. Please photograph it for your site…
April 4, 2012 10:51 pm
I would love to have my gypsy band's new cd shoot in the decaying Chicago Uptown theatre. Thoughts/interest?
Bryan McAlley permalinkAugust 28, 2012 2:54 am
Matt – as you know, you've just had some publicity here in the UK in the Sunday Telegraph. I think you've exhibited your work here? Any plans to come back over and do that again.?? Great work – keep at it. Oh, and if you run out of subjects in the US, we have plenty over here!!!
All the best,
Chicago Kenny permalinkNovember 9, 2012 12:19 am
When we were kids we could walk to the Music Box Theater, and the Uptown. Hope the folks in Bridgeport are successful in their efforts to preserve a piece of history.
Frederique Beranger-Ernst permalinkDecember 1, 2012 7:55 am
Hi Matt, gorgeous photography, loved your website with the abandoned hospitals/theatre and i love the outlets/ I, for some reasons, have always love shooting outlets and old ceiling fixtures. Anyway, beautiful…
How much of re-touching are you doing if you don't mind me asking?
linda permalinkDecember 28, 2012 1:01 am
Hi Matt. I just found your site and it's truly fascinating. I live in Brooklyn in a area were I am surrounded by the remnants of theatre history. I have the downtown area to the north of me with all it's hidden glory. South is Flatbush where the titans still stand. My favorite, The Kings on Flatbush Avenue. My kids think I'm crazy but it's good to know that others like yourself appreciate these awesome structures. Thank You.
April 21, 2013 11:39 pm
Matt – I am trying REALLY hard to find information about the historical significance (if any) of The Lawndale Theater in Chicago. All the information I keep finding online is the same stuff, just worded differently. Since you have had the honor of photographing it, i thought you might be able to point me in a new direction?
Ashley permalinkJune 6, 2013 3:19 am
I love this whole project! Old buildings -especially those that are abandoned like this- have always fascinated me; they have that weird sense of mystery to them and are very inspiring!
Will you be visiting more theatres??
Mike permalinkJuly 10, 2013 4:38 pm
Matt: thought you'd find this interesting – one of your earlier subjects – lost to a parking lot:
Final curtain, indeed.
Susan Forbes permalinkOctober 3, 2013 6:43 pm
PLease PLease shoot the Schine Theatre in Auburn, NY. They have been trying for years to save it!
October 14, 2013 6:13 pm
What are the chances that these theaters can be remodeled and thrive once again?
Bruce Migdalek permalinkNovember 14, 2013 10:01 pm
I just came across this website and was totally blown away by it. I am a recently retired projectionist with nearly 38 years in just about every movie theatre in Brooklyn, Queens and quite a few in Manhattan. I was in the projection booth the last night the Loew's Kings Theatre. Few people are aware that there is a full sized gymnasium under the auditorium which was used by employees in the early years of operation to keep fit at the employer's behest. I grew up in Brooklyn a ten minute bus ride away from this theatre and my earliest memory of it was watching the original version of "Around the world in 80 Days" as a child. I was the last projectionist to turn off the lights at the above pictured RKO Keith and I remember the original interior. The auditorium ceiling was painted blue and had hundreds of tiny lights embedded in it and clouds painted on it to give the illusion of being open to the night. It has been said that sometimes the humidity inside had caused small clouds to appear, but that was waaaay before my time in that place. By the time I arrived there that gorgeous movie palace had already been divided into a triplex, and a lot of the original architecture, while still in place, was damaged and inoperative. If you google images of the RKO Keith you can see pictures of it's original glory. In the latter half of my career I had the dubious distinction of closing quite a few theatres or was involved in the conversion to a multi plex. The stories I could tell about these places would astound you.


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Medenine — The Tunisian coast guards intercepted, on Monday, an Egyptian fishing trawler who trespassed on the Tunisian territorial waters, thirty miles off the Zarzis coast, a security source said.
The same source told TAP news agency correspondent in the region that the Tunisian coast guard units signaled to the trawler to stop as soon as they intercepted her, but her captain refused to comply, compelling the units to fire warning shots and obliging the boat to stop.
The Egyptian trawler was then hauled, with her 14-member crew, to the port of Zarzis, where a report was drawn up and sent to the Zarzis fishing authority to complete the required legal procedures.


text:
Originally written on PRO Rumors | Last updated 5/11/12
The Philadelphia Phillies are currently occupying last place in the NL East. Yesterday General Manager, Ruben Amaro Jr. said they could become sellers at the July Trade Deadline (via Jim Salisbury of CSNPhilly.com). "July is so far ahead," Amaro said. "We just have to get on track. But if July comes and we're playing like this, we'll be sellers. How we play now will determine whether we'll be buyers or sellers in July." Today, Ken Rosenthal of FOXSports said that Blue Jays General Manager, Alex Anthopoulos, has inquired about Cole Hamels and Shane Victorino, who could become free agents at the end of the season. But as Rosenthal says, no trade is imminent. The Phillies will try to turn the season around, but if they fail to do so they already have a team showing interest in two of their potential free agents. Victorino is hitting .244/.298/.405 with 5 HR's and a 90 OPS+ in 131 AB's. Hamels is 4-1 with a 2.45 ERA, 0.7 HR/9, 1.3 BB/9 and 9.8 SO/9 in 40.1 innings. Image by Shannon Lamond under the Creative Commons License Agreement.
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This year, we're asking faithful advocates to sign a petition to the president in addition to writing letters to Congress. This is a new strategy, to show the president the depth of our support for ending hunger. We need his leadership and are convinced that our collective voice can motivate him and help create the political will to enact a national plan to end hunger.
Visit our links below to take part in the Offering of Letters. Sign the petition, write to Congress, and work with others to ensure that everyone has a place at the table.
Tell Congress to protect programs critical for hungry people, especially our children.


text:
"It doesn't mean you will die of heart failure if you have it, but over time, we can keep an eye on any signs or symptoms for heart failure," Green added.
Dr. Tara Narula, a cardiologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, said that anything that helps diagnose heart failure earlier could be beneficial. "This is an interesting paper, and if orthostatic hypotension proves to be a cause or leads to heart failure in future studies, we could possible identify heart failure earlier than we can now."
More information
Learn more about heart failure and how to treat it at the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
SOURCES: Robert Myerburg, M.D., professor, cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Christine DeLong Jones, M.D., M.S., preventive medicine resident, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Stephen Green, M.D., chief, cardiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, N.Y.; Tara Narula, M.D., cardiologist, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City; March 19, 2012, Hypertension
|Copyright©2010 ScoutNews,LLC.
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Jersey Shore
JWOWW Wants to Adopt a Baby With Fiancé Roger Mathews! (VIDEO)
It's official: JWOWW has baby fever, and she and Snooki talked exclusively with omg! Insider on the red carpet about her future plans at the 2013 MTV Movie Awards.
Snooki got JWOWW to dish about baby plans, interviewing her BFF in a candid chat, and asked, "Since you see Lorenzo all the time, are you looking to add kids?"
While Roger smiled (and looked very handsome, we should say) in the background, JWOWW explained that she and Roger are trying, but they're also interested in adoption!
Snooki, having been adopted herself, looked delighted at this news. "So if you want to take me to Chile where you were born..." JWOWW said, before Roger finished with, "We could get a little you."
"I don't think you want a little Snooki!" Nicole said with a laugh. When asked why she was considering adoption, Jenni explained that her mother was adopted, Nicole was adopted, and she and Roger would love to give a child love, health, warmth, education, and just all of the love in the world.
When asked where what part of the world she'd like to adopt from, JWOWW suggested Chile (where Snooki was born) or Spain, where her mother was adopted from.
As if things couldn't get any cuter, JWOWW suggested that when the time comes, Snooki come with her on the adventure! "It'd be a party," Snooki said. We'd definitely love to see that! Maybe a special episode of Snooki & JWOWW?
What do you think about JWOWW and Roger's plans to adopt a baby? Watch the interview below, then tell us what you think in the comments!
Source: omg! Insider


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text:
Originally written on Fox Sports Arizona | Last updated 12/23/12
PHOENIX (AP) -- The Los Angeles Clippers are starting to make easy victories look routine. Blake Griffin scored 23 points, Chris Paul had 17 points and 13 assists and the Clippers extended a franchise record with their 13th consecutive victory, 103-77 over the Phoenix Suns on Sunday night. Reserve Jamal Crawford added 22 points for the Clippers, who won in Phoenix for the first time since April 17, 2007. Los Angeles' overall win streak is an NBA season best and its six straight road victories are also a franchise best. "We're just taking care of business right now," Griffin said. "To be honest, we're not really concerned with You haven't won here since then' or You haven't won this many games in a row.' "We hear it all but we're about just getting these wins and if they come within a streak or when we haven't won somewhere, that's fine." The Clippers have won by an average of 13 points and boast four victories of 20 or more points during their streak. "I thought our starters d...
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