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A method and apparatus for improving searching capability on a Web. At index time, a Web page is spidered and the text and metatags returned to a processor. The processor extracts spatial information from the text and metatags. A geocode is generated for the spatial information. The geocode is then indexed along with the remaining contents of the page. A subsequent query during query time can search for entries based on proximity to a known location using the indexed geocode.
1. A method for generating searchable information comprising:
extracting a spatial datum from a document; and
geocoding the spatial datum.
2. The method defined in
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interleaving bits of the latitude with bits of the longitude; and
converting adjacent pairs of bits to a number.
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17. An apparatus for generating searchable information comprising:
means for extracting a spatial datum from a document; and
means for geocoding the spatial datum.
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interleaving bits of the latitude with bits of the longitude; and
converting adjacent pairs of bits to a number.
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33. A method for facilitating a search comprising:
receiving information indicative of a spatial location and a distance;
generating a point key corresponding to the spatial location; and
determining a set of one or more area keys intersecting a predetermined region around the point key corresponding to the distance.
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searching a database with a set of one or more area keys to locate records in the database that each include a matching point key; and
identifying a matching record as one in which at least one of the area keys match a stored area key.
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searching a database with a set of one or more area keys and a predetermined criteria to locate records in the database; and
identifying a matching record as one in which at least one of the area keys partially matches a point key for the record and also matches the predetermined criteria.
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47. A system comprising:
an address extractor to automatically extract spatial data from an arbitrary set of data; and
a key generator to generate a key corresponding to the spatial data in response to extraction of the spatial data.
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51. A method of spatially locating a document comprising:
generating a first key indicative of a spatial location of the document using information indicative of an address of the spatial location; and
performing a text search of a plurality of records using a second key, the second key comprising only a portion of the first key.
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[0001] The present invention relates to the field of free text searching of documents; more specifically, the present invention relates to performing free text searches using spatial information obtained from documents, such as, for example, but not limited to, a web page.
[0002] Several search engines exist for searching for documents, such as Web pages, on the World Wide Web (hereinafter "the Web"). These search engines typically operate by performing a free text search in which the search engines locate Web pages based on the keywords or terms they contain. Prior to any search, however, indexing is performed on Web pages to create an index which is compared against the keywords or terms during searching. The search engines employ software routines which spider the Web and obtain relevant information for indexing each Web page. Typically, the spider takes a page and pulls all of the words off the page, as well as any existing metatags, and assimilates it into a large database index. This indexing permits searching of the Web pages that have been spidered based on the content of those pages.
[0003] Inasmuch as pages on the Web are constantly changing, being added, deleted, or otherwise amended, it is a non-trivial task to maintain an index for each Web page that is as current as possible and dynamically expanding. One limitation of the spiders is that they are unable to spider dynamic pages. Dynamic pages are those pages that, for example, are returned responsive to a query such as yellow pages and things of that nature. Accordingly, most search engines permit literal text searching using boolean operators of only static indexed pages.
[0004] Unfortunately, search engines do not currently have any context regarding the relevant geography of these pages. For example, the spiders can not identify a location of the proprietor of a particular Web site, even if information such as an address is explicitly available on the page. While it is, of course, possible to use address information as a search term in a free, or full, text search, such address information may not be available (particularly for an individual not familiar with the geographic, or spatial, location), may not be in the index for the page or the location being sought by the search, and/or the search may not produce the desired results. For example, if an individual desires to search for hotels within a 20 mile radius of a particular city, the user may perform a free text search using search terms that include the name of the city and other terms describing a hotel. The results of such a search may include several Web pages for hotels in that city. However, such a search may miss many hotels that are located in a different city but are within the 20 mile radius because the city name used in the search was not on the Web page. An individual unfamiliar with the geographic area may not be able to specify the other cities within the radius, and thus any search they performed would not provide them with the results they desire. Even if a user is intimately familiar with a specific geographic area, explicitly listing all communities within the 20 mile radius is impractical.
[0005] In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to be able to perform free text searching using spatial information to facilitate proximity searching.
[0006] A method and apparatus for improving searching capability is disclosed. In one embodiment, a spatial datum is extracted from a document. The spatial datum undergoes geocoding. The result of the geocoding may then be used for searching.
[0007] The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention, which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation and understanding only.
[0008]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system.
[0009]FIG. 2 illustrates one way of deriving a point key.
[0010]FIG. 3 illustrates exemplary area keys selection.
[0011]FIG. 4 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the process for generating searchable text during index time.
[0012]FIG. 5 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the process for performing a query.
[0013] A method and apparatus for expanding searching capabilities for networked information is described. In the following detailed description of the present invention numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
[0014] Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
[0015] It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present invention, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing" or "computing" or "calculating" or "determining" or "displaying" or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
[0016] The present invention also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general purpose machines may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required processing. The required structure for a variety of these machines will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein.
[0017] Although all or some of the operations may be peripheral by software assembly on a computer system or specialized apparatus, some or all of these operations may be performed by digital logic and/or circuitry, an integrated circuit (e.g., ASIC) or other semiconductor substrate.
[0018] To improve searching of documents that may be accessible through an interconnected network environment such as the Web or through a database or storage area, searchable information may be generated by extracting spatial datum, such as address information (e.g., postal code, zip code, street number and name, city, state, area code, telephone number or other information indicative of an address, etc.) from a document and geocoding that spatial datum. The document may comprise, for example, but not limited to, a Web page (e.g., html document), resource, or any text-based file or a file with a textual component: documents comprised of, or which can be converted to, text, such as, for example, Microsoft Office documents, electronic mail messages, pdf files, postscript files, spreadsheets.
[0019] In one embodiment, this extraction of spatial datum may be performed when spidering the document. Spidering refers to automatic retrieval of documents from the web. The extraction of spatial data may occur after this process, or it can be linked to it. The spatial datum may be identified in the document by a tag, thereby facilitating the extraction process.
[0020] In one embodiment, when geocoding the extracted spatial datum, a pair of coordinates corresponding to the spatial datum is generated. The coordinates may comprise the latitude and longitude corresponding to the location specified by the spatial datum. A key that may be searched is generated from the coordinates. In one embodiment, a point key (or full resolution quad key) is generated from the coordinates. Generating the point key may comprise interleaving bits of an N-bit binary number representing the latitude with bits of an N-bit number representing the longitude and converting adjacent pairs of bits to a number.
[0021] The geocoded spatial datum may be indexed alone or along with other information to permit spatial searching of the document. In this manner, a spatial search may be performed when free text searching.
[0022] When searching, an individual specifies a spatial origin and a distance. In one embodiment, the spatial origin enables a point key to be generated. Using the point key and the distance, one or more area keys may be generated that intersect a predetermined region (e.g., circle) defined by the distance around the point key. The area keys are used to search a database for text matches that occur between the area keys and point keys stored in indices. As a result of the search, resource locators may be returned for a set of Web pages satisfying a criterion and containing an address within the predetermined region.
[0023]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system that allows setting up and searching of information resources, such as databases. The system may comprise a computer system. The computer system may comprise one or more servers, each with one or more processors executing software to perform functions described herein and each with access to one or more memories (e.g., databases).
[0024] Logically, the operation of the system may be divided into two time periods: index time and query time.
[0025] During index time, a spider 12 spiders web 10. The spider 12 accesses Web pages or other document resources and extracts any text and metatags. Spider 12 sends the text and metatags to address extractor 14.
[0026] Address extractor 14 searches through the text and metatags for an indication of spatial information. Such spatial information may include addresses or partial addresses. In an alternative embodiment, the spatial information may be geographical indicators or man-made objects or structures. In one embodiment, address extractor 14 searches for a particular tag that identifies the presence of spatial information. Address extractor 14 provides the spatial information to textual key generator 16.
[0027] Key generator 16 generates a key corresponding to the spatial information that has a proximate relation to other nearby spatial locations. The key may comprise any grouping of characters, numbers and/or symbols. In one embodiment, the key may be a textual key. In another embodiment, the key is an numeric key. The key may be an ASCII key. Generation of the key is discussed further below. Key generator 16 returns the key to address extractor 14 and then to the spider 12. In one embodiment, the key may be returned directly to spider 12.
[0028] Spider 12 includes the key in the index, along with other indexed terms and metatags. The index is stored in a database 20. Database 20 may comprise any storage structure capable of searching, indexing and retrieval. In one embodiment, database 20 is an inverted file structure. Database 20 may comprise one or more memories. In one embodiment, database 20 comprises a relational database.
[0029] Spider 12, address extractor 14, and/or key generator 16 may comprise software which runs on a general purpose or dedicated computer system, server or machine, or may comprise dedicated hardware or a combination of both.
[0030] In one embodiment, address extractor 14 extracts addresses or address information using a program that locates addresses in documents. The following describes the operation of one such program. Such programming may be implemented in hardwired logic to perform the same, if not identical functionality. Other address extraction implementations may be used. Note that the following address extraction process assumes that the start and the end of a document can be determined, although it is immaterial to the operation of address extractor 14.
[0031] For each document in a given set of documents for which it is desired to find address information, the following processing operations are performed. The process is based on locating a clearly recognizable anchor (e.g., postal code, etc.) and examining text on both sides of that anchor to ascertain other portions of the address. It should be noted that although the process is described below with reference to a postal code, any other anchor may be used instead. In one embodiment, a zip code may be used as the anchor.
[0032] The process begins by first translating formatting tags into a simpler set of characters. This is an optional operation. These formatting tags are specific patterns that occur in the document and may be translated to a new set of output patterns. The purpose of this translation is to normalize the set of tokens and delimiters that address extractor 14 needs to recognize. For example, HTML uses specific formatting tags to direct the appearance of text or formatted pages. Translating the wide variety of formatting tags into a smaller set of modified tags or characters significantly reduces the coding complexity and execution overhead of address extractor 14.
[0033] Next, the address extraction locates a postal code in the document. Address extractor 14 scans the document for a token that looks like a postal code. Any such tokens identified are referred to herein as a potential postal code. A potential postal code is delimited by some set of characters deemed to represent a boundary between adjacent tokens. This set of characters may vary.
[0034] For each potential postal code, address extractor 14 records both the position in the document adjacent to and after the end of the potential postal code and the position in the document adjacent to and before the start of the potential postal code.
[0035] Whenever a potential postal code is located (or after all potential postal codes in the document have been located) for a string of a certain number of characters adjacent and to the left of the start of the potential postal code, address extractor 14 splits the characters in the string into a set of tokens and delimiters between the tokens.
[0036] After locating a postal code, address extractor 14 locates a state. In one embodiment, address extractor 14 determines whether the token or tokens adjacent and to the left of the potential postal code represent a state. In one embodiment, to perform this function, address extractor 14 uses an auxiliary table to compare the parsed token to a set of tokens that either represent a state name or a portion of a state name. If a token is a portion of state name, address extractor 14 examines the previous token to determine whether the pair of tokens taken together represent a valid state name. Based on the delimiter between two partial state name tokens, address extractor 14 may determine that the two tokens probably do not represent an integral unit that represents a state name. The set of delimiters so defined may be variable, and can be empty.
[0037] In one embodiment, once a potential state name has been identified, address extractor 14 may determine whether the potential state and potential postal code comprise a valid state and zip code combination. In one embodiment, address extractor 14 uses an auxiliary table to perform this check. If the combination is valid, there is a high degree of certainty that the portion of the document being examined represents at least a partial address.
[0038] Based on a set of conditions, address extractor 14 sets a confidence factor to a value that indicates the likelihood that the assembled token or tokens represent a state name. In one embodiment, the conditions can include, for example, whether the potential zip code and potential state tokens comprise a valid combination and what the delimiters before and after the potential state tokens are.
[0039] Note that the use of a confidence factor may not be necessary; however, the confidence factor may give greater certainty to the search results that are obtained from search, particularly where address extractor 14 finds multiple potential postal codes in a document and a determination must be made as to which of the potential postal codes is part of the address (or addresses) that will be extracted from the document.
[0040] In one embodiment, to determine a city name, address extractor 14 examines the tokens and delimiters that precede the state name to find a boundary condition that likely indicates a set of tokens representing a city name has been found. One example set of boundary conditions might include:
[0041] 1. the presence of a delimiter, such as a comma, that separates one or more tokens from preceding text.
[0042] 2. the presence of a token that is very likely not part of a city name, such as a number, or the token "Street" (or other similarly descriptive token). An auxiliary table may be used to identify the set of tokens explicitly excluded from inclusion as part of a city name.
[0043] 3. Some maximal number of tokens. City names are rarely composed of more than three words, and in the absence of a stronger boundary condition, it might be necessary to choose some maximum number of tokens to represent the city.
[0044] 4. Optionally, potential city name tokens can be checked against an auxiliary city name to state/postal code translation table to check the accuracy of the extracted city name. The use of an auxiliary table is particularly useful in the absence of a starting delimiter.
[0045] For example, it is possible that the last token of the street address could also be the first token of the city name. A token such as "North" could be a postdirectional that appears at the end of the street address, or the beginning of a city name, such as "North Conway."
[0046] One embodiment of the process performed by address extractor 14 to locate a street address is as follows. Locating a street address, often called the A2 line, is more complicated than locating postal codes, state names and city names because the A2 line may contain a wider range of formats and tokens. In one embodiment, the process of identifying a street address is broken into two steps: classifying text and checking the classified text against address patterns.
[0047] First, address extractor 14 classifies a given number of tokens and intervening delimiters to the left of the city name. Rarely does an A2 line contain more than seven or eight discrete tokens, so it is unnecessary to examine more than this number of tokens. One possible token classification scheme might include the following types: street suffix; digits; directional (North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest and abbreviations); rural route or post office box components (e.g., P.O. Box, RR, HC, or HCR); secondary unit designators, such as Suite or Floor; mixed alphanumeric; special street names, such as Broadway; unclassified.
[0048] Address extractor 14 also classifies the delimiters between the tokens because it is important to differentiate between word delimiters (typically one or more spaces) and stronger delimiters, such as commas and newline characters. Some delimiters, such as hyphens, can be part of the address.
[0049] As part of token delimiter classification, address extractor 14 maintains information about the occurrence of token types within the text that is examined to locate the A2 line. For example, the position (relative to other tokens and delimiters) of the rightmost street suffix, leftmost number, and leftmost strong delimiter, among others, are used in the pattern matching phase.
[0050] Once the A2 tokens are classified, address extractor 14 compares them against possible A2 patterns. If fast execution time is a requirement, pattern tests should be executed such that early patterns are both common and computationally cheap. Patterns that successfully match potential A2 lines have a filtering effect, obviating the need to execute subsequent pattern checks. Likewise, it is best to defer checking expensive patterns until more straightforward patterns have had a chance to reduce the number of potential A2 lines executed against the expensive patterns.
[0051] To give the flavor of how A2 patterns are used, several patterns are described below. The list is not meant to be complete. In the examples below, "strong delimiter" refers to a delimiter that functions as a separator between logical units of text. Because users don't always use standardized formats when writing addresses, and because formatting languages (such as HTML) often cause formatted text to appear differently than the source text used to specify the formatting, it may not be possible to assign an unambiguous meaning to a specific delimiter. Nevertheless, some delimiters frequently represent a logical partitioning of the text surrounding it. Below, tokens and delimiters are separated from adjacent tokens and delimiters by the "|" character. "DNC" means "do not care". For example, the pattern:
[0052] strong delimiter | number | DNC | street suffix. An example of this pattern is: 36 Elm Street
[0053] Another common pattern is as follows:
[0054] strong delimiter | one or more tokens | street suffix This pattern, a common one, may be expressed procedurally. First, address extractor 14 finds the rightmost street suffix. Then, address extractor 14 moves left until a token that is not a street suffix is encountered (some street addresses have two adjacent street suffixes). Address extractor 14 moves left until a token that is a number is encountered. If there are number tokens to the left of this number token, address extractor 14 determines if they are part of the address. In one embodiment, address extractor 14 determines this by checking the delimiter to the left of this number. It may be necessary to check for additional number tokens to find the complete address if the street number is hyphenated, fractional, or if it has an embedded period.
[0055] Consider an address of the form "2334 4th Street", which is sometimes expressed as "2334 4 Street." The pattern described here will match addresses of this form. Also note that this pattern could be used to match addresses matched by the first pattern. Since the first pattern is both common and computationally cheaper than the current pattern, if both patterns are used, by applying the first pattern before this pattern, some efficiency is gained.
[0056] In one embodiment, the extraction of address information from a document is made easier through the use of special tags that indicate to address extractor 14 that address information follows. For instance, "geotags" are metadata that may be used in web pages and other documents to specify an address or other geographical data (initially points; eventually, perhaps, lines and regions as well). The address may comprise one or more coordinate values, such as, for example, the latitude and longitude values. That is, the tag or tags are used to indicate a longitude and/or a latitude follows.
[0057] In an alternate embodiment, address extractor 14 may extract other information from the document that may be indicative of address information. For example, in one embodiment, address extractor 14 may extract a telephone number. Then a table storing address information for that telephone number, or portion thereof (e.g., area code), may be accessed to obtain the address information. The address information in the table could be a postal code and/or state or may be coordinate values (e.g., latitude and longitude). In another embodiment, the table may specify point or area keys. Again, the extraction of the information from the document may be based on the tokens, delimiters and/or tags used the document.
[0058] Once a potential address is found it needs to be geocoded. Geocoding refers to the process of assigning a latitude and longitude to the address. In one embodiment, a confidence factor is assigned to each address component as the address is extracted. If the geocoding process indicates that it assigned a precise point in two-dimensional space to the address, geocoding for the address is finished. If the geocoding process indicates that there is room for improvement, one might optionally decide to do further processing in hopes of improving the geocoding accuracy. By examining the confidence factors associated with different parts of the address, it can be determined where additional effort might profitably be spent to improve the geocoding results.
[0059] In one embodiment, the key corresponding to the spatial information comprises a quad key. The quad key may be generated from geographic coordinates. In a computer mapping application, coordinates are represented as integers of some resolution. For example, these may be 16-bit unsigned integers. If the integers of coordinates, such as coordinate x and coordinate y, are expressed in binary form, with the bits interleaved (most significant bit (MSB) from x, followed by MSB from y, followed by next-MSB from x, next-MSB from y, etc.), then the relationship between coordinates and quad keys is illuminated and a base-4 quad key emerges.
[0060] The MSB from x divides the spatial domain (root quad) in half along the x axis. The MSB from y does the same along the y axis. The four possible combinations map onto the four quadrants mentioned above. The next two interleaved bits from x and y, in identical fashion, subdivide the quad defined by the previous bits, and so on, until the last bits are interleaved, yielding a quad key of maximal precision given the resolution of the source coordinates. This full resolution quad key is also called a point key in recognition of the fact that it can be mapped back to the source coordinates with greater precision than a quad key of lesser resolution.
[0061]FIG. 2 shows one technique for deriving a point key. For a particular point, a longitude and latitude exists. By placing the relevant area within a square having x and y coordinates, the longitude and latitude can be converted into coordinates in x and y. In this instance, the x and y coordinates can each be represented by a 16-bit binary value. In this exemplary case, x=7,000 and y=42,000. Taking the binary representation of each coordinate and interleaving those binary values yields a 32-bit binary value, shown as I in FIG. 2. A textual key or quad key, in this case, is q followed by a conversion of adjacent pairs of bits in the interleaved value to decimal. That is, the pairs of bits grouped from left to right in the interleaved binary values are converted to decimal. Thus, in the exemplary case, the quad key is Q1012212202032000.
[0062] Using a language like C which permits bit manipulation, it is an easy and efficient matter to compute a point key. Depending on the implementation, this may be stored as a binary value or in textual form. The former is compact. The latter allows the application to take advantage, at search time, of the hierarchical relationship between a textual representation of a point key and a textual representation of an area key (one in which the area key is a leading substring of the point key).
[0063] Use of this tiling space method is not restricted to base-2 interleaving. Coordinates represented as base-3 numbers can be used to generate base-9 keys, base-4 to base-16, etc. It should also be noted that other techniques for generating a key or other location indication instead of the point key may be used.
[0064] In one embodiment, once generated, the point key is included in the index, along with the other indexed terms and metatags, to permit searching. As discussed above, one or more point keys may be assigned to any web page containing one or more recognizable addresses.
[0065] In another embodiment, the point key (possibly along with the address, url, title, and other data) is stored in the static (non-searchable) portion of the index for retrieval after the specific document is identified. The indexed terms and metatags, along with area keys, are included in the index for searching.
[0066] An area key is any quad key and is shorter than a point key, thereby representing a larger area. During index time, area keys are generated by address extractor 14. An area key represents an area, on the surface of the earth, in which resides the point represented by the corresponding point key. In one embodiment, the point key is a text string, and its corresponding area keys are leading substrings of the point key.
[0067] areakey=substr(point key, 1, desiredlength) It represents an area larger than the point key, but one in which the point key resides. For example, consider the quad key Q101221220203200 to be a point key. For example, the above point resides in Q1012.
[0068] In this embodiment, area keys of various lengths are stored for use at search time. Each area key assigned represents a square region of space. The size of the region can be determined by the length of the area key. In essence, given a search center and a radius, a set of area keys representing areas which will tile the circle, will be added to the search criteria to geographically restrict the search.
[0069] In one embodiment, area keys of between length 15 (˜1.52 miles height) and length 7 (˜388.39 miles height) are stored and may be sufficient for many applications.
[0070] Again referring to FIG. 1, in query time, the user enters a query. The query may be specified using a web interface page 22. The query may include a criterion which may be, for example, a type of business, location, point of interest, etc., for which the user wishes to search, a spatial origin reference, such as an address (or address information or other information indicative of an address), and a distance or radius around that address within which to perform a proximity search. These search terms, acting as limitations, are passed over web 10 to query processor 24.
[0071] Processor 24 determines whether address information has been passed in the query and forwards the address and distance to an area key producer 26. This determination may be performed by examining tags in the information that is sent.
[0072] Area key producer 26 generates a set of one or more area keys corresponding to a predetermined region (e.g., circle of the radius distance) around the address. The predetermined region may be any shape. Production of the set of area keys will be discussed in greater detail below. The area keys are returned to query processor 24, which uses the area keys and criterion to perform a search in database 20.
[0073] In one embodiment, the search performed by query processor 24 attempts to (exactly) match the area key with one of the area keys generated and stored in the database at index time. In another embodiment, the query processor 24 attempts using a wildcard search to match the area key with one of the point keys generated and stored in the database at index time. The former embodiment is preferred to the latter in cases where wildcard searches incur excessive overhead.
[0074] The search may result in a return of one or more URLs, resource locators, descriptors and/or possibly, address lists corresponding to the area keys and criterion used in the search. These are then forwarded back over the web 10 to the user at the web interface page 22. The user may then select one of the URLs or the other resource locators to gain access to the resource.
[0075] As an example, assume a user inserts "bed & breakfast" as the criterion, uses a partial address of Monterey, Calif., and a distance of 50 miles. The area key producer 26 may first generate a point (textual) key for the partial address "Monterey, Calif." Inasmuch as no complete street address has been specified, the area key producer may select an arbitrary point within Monterey, Calif., or, for example, choose the location of the town's center and generate a corresponding point key. Based on this point key, area keys will be produced for a set of area keys that cover a 50 mile radius circle surrounding that point key. Alternatively, an area key that includes Monterey within its area may be used as the key. The selection of area keys is likely to result in a slightly overinclusive set when the predetermined region is a circle, because each area key corresponds to a square area. This may always occur where the shapes of the predetermined region specified for the search is different than the shape of the region defined by the area keys. A tradeoff exists between closely matching the circle by choosing a large set of small areas or being more overinclusive but having fewer area keys to sort. Note that regions of other shapes (e.g., square, rectangle, triangle, etc.) may be used instead of a circle. Again, the selection of area keys may result in an overinclusive set.
[0076]FIG. 3 shows area keys selection in one embodiment of the invention. An origin point with a fifty mile radius circle is shown. The quads overlapping, or intersecting, the circle would comprise the set of area keys used in this search. In this case, the set of area keys could be Q0313, Q0331, Q1202, and Q1220. Because a relatively small part of quads Q0331, Q1202, and Q1220 is covered, a better fit may be derived by subdividing those quads and using the set Q0313, Q03310, Q03311, Q12020, Q12022, and Q12200.
[0077] In the embodiment described above, the area keys are quad keys with less resolution than the point keys. To generate the relevant area keys that intersect the circle (region of interest), a point key is generated for the spatial origin, which in this example is Monterey, Calif., and a decision is made as to how many area keys are to be used. The number of areas keys used is based on the search region (e.g., the search radius). Note that a certain depth of quad key represents a certain distance. For example, a quad key of 1 digit (having a depth of 1) represents 13,000 miles (or � of the world when separated into quads), and a quad key of 2 digits represents � of 13,000. Based on the distance desired, such as fifty miles in the example above, the depth of quad keys may be selected to cover the search area. This is same depth for the area keys.
[0078] In the case of quad keys, four area keys at the same level having a common depth may be combined into a single area key where they share the same parent. If less than four search area keys are combined into a single area key, then the area covered by the single area key may be greater than the distance indicated by the user when specifying the region to be searched.
[0079] Again referring to FIG. 1, the area keys are then forwarded to the query processor 24 which uses "bed & breakfast" and the set of area keys as terms for indexing into database 20. The result is that identifiers, such as URLs, possibly some description, and/or an address list corresponding to a set of documents including the term "bed & breakfast" and one or more addresses within the fifty mile radius of Monterey, Calif. are returned. The set of bed & breakfasts may be proximity ordered. Furthermore, those outside the search radius can be culled out. Significantly, such a proximity search will identify bed & breakfasts that are not in Monterey, but rather have addresses in surrounding towns. It is also within the scope and contemplation of the invention to provide a limitation on a number of hits returned. For example, if this option is provided, a user might specify that only twenty-five hits are to be returned. While there are more than likely more than twenty-five bed & breakfasts within fifty miles of Monterey, such a search would only return the twenty-five closest to the specified point key.
[0080]FIG. 4 is a flow chart of operation of one embodiment of the invention during index time. A Web page is received at functional block 110. At decision block 112, a decision is made as spatial information is present in the Web page. If there is spatial information at decision block 112, point keys corresponding to the spatial information and appropriate area keys are created at functional block 114. Then, at functional block 116, the area keys and page contents are indexed in a single index. At functional block 118, the point key(s) and address(es) are saved in a static (non-scaleable) portion of the index. If, at decision block 112, no spatial information can be identified on the page, the content of the page is indexed in the usual manner at functional block 118.
[0081]FIG. 5 is a flow chart of query time operation of one embodiment of the invention. The user initiates a query at functional block 130. A determination is made at decision block 132 if a proximity query has been initiated. If it is a proximity query, at functional block 134, spatial data and a distance is received from the user. At functional block 136, a point key for the spatial data is generated. Based on the point key, the system generates area keys covering the user specified distance, at functional block 138. Next a search is performed in an index to identify those locations within the area specified satisfying the criterion and having matching area keys at function block 140. The identifier (e.g., URLs, document IDS, etc.) of documents meeting the search limitation are returned at functional block 142. If at decision block 142, the query is determined not to be a proximity query, the search is performed in a standard manner at functional block 144.
[0082] In one embodiment, to do a proximity-based search, the search criteria is modified by specifying that the any documents must have had one of a set of area keys saved for them at index time. That set of area keys represent the areas that fully tile (and overlap) the predetermined region (e.g., circle) defined by the search center (and the radius).
[0083] One embodiment of a process to find the set of area keys that overlap that circle includes the following operations performed by the area key generator.
[0084] First, the area key generator converts center coordinates and the radius to the same units, if not already expressed as such. Then, area key generator chooses a length for the area keys to be returned. This number can be table driven based on the radius desired. The larger the radius, the shorter the desired area key length.
[0085] Next, area key generator calculates a bounding box around the circle.
[0086] xradius=radius/cos(lat);
[0087] yradius=radius;
[0088] bounds->botLeft.x=center->x−xradius;
[0089] bounds->topRight.x=center->x+xradius;
[0090] bounds->botLeft.y=center->y−yradius;
[0091] bounds->topRight.y=center->y+yradius;
[0092] After calculating the bounding box, the area key generator calculates the smaller size of the area represented by any of the area keys to be generated.
[0093] Once the size of the area has been calculated, the area key generator, in a set of nested loops, traverses the bounding box from the lower left of the bounding box, to the upper right of the bounding box. For each potential area key, the area key calculates the distance from the center to the area represented by that potential area key (at the point closest to the center). If the distance is less than, or equal to, the desired radius, add the area key to the list, converting the (x,y) coordinate to an area key.
[0094] Note the use of the cos(lat) to account for the fact that area keys become narrower as they approach the poles.
[0095] dy=MIN(MAX(center->y, thisQuad.y), thisQuad.y+grid.quadSize.y-1)-center0>y:
[0096] dx=(MIN(MAX(center->x, thisQuad.x), thisQuad.x+grid.quadSize.x-1)-center->x)*cos(lat);
[0097] distance=sqrt((dx*dx)+(dy*dy));
[0098] At this point, it is desirable for performance reasons (though not technically necessary) to sort the resulting list and reduce any adjacent area keys that fully tile their parent to that parent. For example (given base-4 area keys) if the keys Q0123220, Q0123221, Q0123222, and Q0123223 all exist in the list, they can be reduce to Q012322.
[0099] Much data on the web exists in databases and is only accessible as a result of procedural logic that dynamically creates responses to user queries. Dynamic data is typically not searched by web search engines. Dynamic data sources often have spatial information. One such example is the Electronic Yellow Pages (EYP). It is possible to use the techniques described herein to combine searches of static and dynamic data.
[0100] Assume that is desired to search the Electronic Yellow Pages as well as static web pages. In one embodiment, a special type of document is created that includes a list of keywords and phrases that correspond to a specific EYP category, such as automobile dealers. At search time, indexes for the special documents are searched along with the standard index for static web pages. A dynamically created URL is returned for each special document, and hence EYP category, that matches the search terms supplied by the user within the geographic area specified by the user. The dynamic URL contains enough information to trigger a fully qualified EYP search for the categories and location specified by the user. Just as with a static URL, the user can click on the dynamic URL. In the former case, the static web page is returned to the user. In the latter case, the results of parameterized EYP search are returned. Alternatively the EYP search can be automatically executed on behalf of the user.
[0101] Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present invention will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment shown and described by way of illustration is in no way intended to be considered limiting. Therefore, references to details of various embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims which in themselves recite only those features regarded as essential to the invention.
[0102] Thus, a spatial search performed as part of a free text search has been described.
Referenced by
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Welcome to the PGTRC!
Problem gambling is defined by The National Council on Problem Gambling as "gambling behavior which causes disruptions in any major area of life: psychological, physical, social or vocational."
Like alcoholism and other addictions, it is a very real, very serious disorder; one that has far-reaching and devastating implications for many individuals.
With 48 states now offering legalized gambling, and with games of chance available to everyone with Internet access, the number of people with gambling problems has grown. At the same time, knowledge about helping these people lags. "There are relatively few studies on the best way to help problem gamblers," says Dr. Bobbi Vollmer, Director of the Morgridge College of Education's Counseling and Educational Services Clinic.
The PGTRC is passionate about increasing services available to problem gamblers, their families, treatment providers, and the community through clinical treatment, research, education, and prevention efforts.
Problem gambling occurs when gambling behavior begins to have serious, adverse consequences in one or more area of life: personal psychological, interpersonal, financial, vocational, or physical.
According to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statiscal Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV TR), gambling behavior is considered pathological when a persion meets five or more of the following criteria:
(1) is preoccupied with gambling (e.g., preoccupied with reliving past gambling experiences, handicapping or planning the next venture, or thinking of ways to get money with which to gamble)
(2) needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve the desired excitement
(3) has repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling
(4) is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop gambling
(5) gambles as a way of escaping from problems or of relieving a dysphoric mood (e.g., feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, depression)
(6) after losing money gambling, often returns another day to get even ("chasing" one's losses)
(7) lies to family members, therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement with gambling
(8) has committed illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, theft, or embezzlement to finance gambling
(9) has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity because of gambling
(10) relies on others to provide money to relieve a desperate financial situation caused by gambling
However, gambling should be considered a potential problem when any of the following criteria are met or any other adverse consequences are being felt as a result of gambling.
The Problem Gambling Treatment and Research Center offers a treatment program for anyone affected by problem gambling.
For full details of our services, please select the "Services" tab near the top of the page.
Toll-free call in supervision is available to counselors working with those affected by problem gambling in Colorado. Please call Dr. Michael Faragher at 303-434-6981 or e-mail at email@example.com for conference phone number and password.
The Colorado Division of Behavioral Health has awared the PGTRC the contract to provide and oversee problem gambling treatment, counselor training and supervision in Colorado.
We are, therefore, proud to announce the availability of our online gambling counselor trainings. See the "Training" tab for info on accessing the videos.
Our 2009-10 Center of Excellent Annual Report is now available for viewing:
Online videos of previous conferences are available under the "09 Conference", the "10 Conference", and the "11/12 Conference" tabs near the top of the page.
To schedule a counseling appointment or for more information, please call Dr. Michael Faragher at 303-434-6981 or e-mail at email@example.com. Or call the Counseling and Educational Services Clinic at 303-871-2528.
The Problem Gambling Treatment and Research Center has moved and is now located in our new building at:
Katherine A. Ruffatto Hall, 1st floor, Rm. 147
1999 East Evans Avenue,
Denver, CO 80208.

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The two big stories this weekend not related to Manchester United's getting the first leg of the quadruple would have to be events that transpired at the Riverside and at the Emirates Stadium. We'll start with Liverpool because after such … Continue reading
Wednesday were all at sea for years… Did you ever think that you would look at the Premier League table and see the Wigan in 7th, Hull take 20 points in the first 9 games and Fulham challenging for 6th? … Continue reading
After plenty of speculation, it's finally happened. Just hours after AC Milan said that Kaka wasn't for sale, the newswires went crazy over the fact Manchester City has indeed opened talks to purchase the star player, and the figures are … Continue reading
Here are the two latest episodes of the cult hit, I'm On Setanta Sports. The first episode features Wayne Rooney as Ruud Gullit and his sexy, sexy football — as well as The Boy and Rio talking about eating chips … Continue reading
Where can you find England against Kazakhstan on US TV tomorrow? The important 2010 World Cup Qualifying match will be shown live on Fox Soccer Channel beginning at Noon ET/9am PT. This is part of the deal that Fox Sports … Continue reading
Admit it. There are some players in the Premier League who get under your skin. The type of players you love to hate. But who are they and why do you hate them so much? Names of players who often … Continue reading
In the world of technology, the top sites aren't magazines or newspapers. They're blogs. Web sites such as TechCrunch, Engadget and Boing Boing lead the way with the latest breaking news and analysis, as well as receiving more visitors than … Continue reading


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Narrow your search
These free apps from the Google Play store can bring some of the most talked about Galaxy S5 features to your Android device.
Here, we offer up 25 top tips for the HTC One, which are sure to make ownership of this flagship Android blower a pleasure, not a pain.
A special edition of the Motorola tablet designed exclusively for Best Buy customers features family-friendly applications and services.
We offer a First Look at Sprint's new 4G phone, YouTube helps you hide your home videos, and Diesel lets you crowdsource your next denim purchase over Facebook.


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By Aaron Kirby
For 2nd time in 3 weeks the lead story is a mid-major traveling to one of top programs in the country and not just winning a series but sweeping a series. In week 2 FGCU swept Florida in Gainesville and in week four UNLV (13-3) enter the rankings at #15 with an impressive 4-0 week. The Rebels have won 9 games in row including the last three this weekend at the Sunken Diamond. UNLV started the week with a 14-1 win vs Hawaii to finish their own tourney the Rebel Classic. Friday the Rebels capitalized on Stanford errors pushing across 2 runs in the 2nd, another in the top 5th and hung on for the 3-2 win despite another great game from Stanford's Mark Appel (7.0 IP, 4 H, 3 R, 1 ER, 1 BB, 15 K). Saturday the Rebels pounded 15 hits in a 12-2 win and finished the sweep Sunday with a CG 2 hitter from So RHP John Richy (9.0 IP, 2 H, 1 R, 0 ER, 0 BB, 4 K) in a 5-1 win. Continue reading 2013 CBD Mid-Major Poll (March 11th)


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For the People
I would be honored to have the opportunity to serve the citizens of Idaho as member of the Legislature in Seat 16B. Its time for a fresh, new perspective in the Legislature, from someone who keeps the good of the people in mind. I look forward to bringing my abilities and experience to the table to benefit the citizens of Idaho.
I passionately support:
*Ensuring open, accountable, fiscally responsible government.
* Prioritizing citizens rights regarding states expenditures and long-term debt
* Suggesting the requirement of E-Verify...State or Federal issued picture I.D. before approval to receive State Assistance.
* Advocating for Veterans , past and presents rights.
* I will protect Idaho's hunting rights, and the individual's right to defend their lives, liberty and property. I believe the 2nd Amendment is a natural right that each individual possesses with the exception of those that commit crimes barring the use or ownership of a firearm.
Government at all levels is there to serve the public, which can best be accomplished out in the open, rather than behind closed doors. The Idaho State budget is bloated with unnecessary expenditures. Particularly in light of the economy, taxpayers know that now is the time to cut the fat and run a leaner, more efficient State. It is also time for Idaho's checkbook to be made available online.
The reason I entered the political race is that I am passionate about representing Idahoans. I believe our great state should take the lead and inspire other states to protect the Heritage, Honor, History, and respect that were handed down to us by previous generations. I believe that I have sound fiscal policies and strong belief that I can be a part of strengthening the liberties and rights of our citizens. It is a legacy we owe our children and grandchildren.


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Hernandez associate arrested
(Boston Globe) Hernandez's associate Alexander Bradley is arrested and ordered to appear before a grand jury regarding a double murder in July 2012.
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Women's Basketball Heading on the Road for WNIT Second Round
March 16, 2012
Memphis at Missouri State Note
It will be a short turnaround for the Tigers following a 60-59 win over Chattanooga Thursday night. Memphis erased a 16-point first half deficit to come back and retake the lead with 3:48 remaining in the game to earn the right to face a 23-8 Missouri State squad from the Missouri Valley Conference, Saturday, at 7 p.m. in Springfield in the Round of 32 in the WNIT.
The Tigers got off to a slow start, trailing 25-9, but erased the deficit with 3:48 remaining in the game for their biggest comeback of the season. Senior post Jasmine Lee grabbed a career-high 11 offensive rebounds (finishing with a total of 16 rebounds) and posting her 16th double-double of the season by adding 20 points. Point guard Bilqis Abdul-Qaadir added 15 points on efficient 5-for-7 shooting, including two three-point field goals, the first time in her career she scored multiple buckets from beyond the arc.
Memphis is advancing in the WNIT for the first time since the 2003-04 season. The last time the Tigers played in the second round of the WNIT, they won at home in the first round and lost on the road at Western Kentucky in the second round, a feat this year's Tigers hope to avoid repeating. Memphis has not advanced past the second round of the WNIT since the 1998-99 season, when they advanced all the way to the semifinals before losing to host Wisconsin.
Tiger fans can listen to the game on 91.7 FM WUMR in Memphis.
Tigers vs. Missouri State
The Tigers don't cross paths with Missouri Valley schools often, with just 33 meetings against the current Missouri Valley membership in Memphis' previous 39 seasons of women's basketball. Memphis is 22-12 all-time against the Missouri Valley. The last team the Tigers faced from the Missouri Valley was Wichita State. Memphis faced the Shockers in the WBI two seasons ago in the second round, winning 74-58 in a game played at the Elma Roane Fieldhouse.
Missouri State has alternated wins and losses as of late, winning three of their last five games. The Bears were eliminated from the Missouri Valley Conference tournament by Creighton, 56-47. Trying to keep the Bears scoring down will be important for the Tigers. The Missouri State offense ranks 22nd in the country with 72.7 points per game. The Bears have scored 70 or more points in 20 of 31 games and sport a stout 19-1 record when scoring 70 or more points. They have been held under 65 points in seven games and are 1-6 when scoring under 65 points.
Like the Tigers, the Bears thrive in taking care of the ball. Missouri State ranks 86th in the country, with just 1.93 turnovers a night. The Bears like pressuring opponents in to turnovers though, ranking 68th in the NCAA with 10.0 steals a night.
On the perimeter, Missouri State is led in scoring by senior guard Casey Garrison, who averages 16.3 ppg and leads the team with 132 assists. The 6-0 foot guard also has 20 blocked shots on the season (tied for the team lead) and is second on the team in three point field goals made behind fellow senior guard Jaleshia Roberson. Roberson has knocked down 77 triples in 222 tries this year, to ranks 76th in the NCAA with a 34.7 clip and 37th with 2.5 triples made a night.
Collier Answers the Bell in First Post Season Action
Tigers and the Luck of the Irish
But maybe the Tigers' Saturday luck will offset that one loss. Memphis is 4-0 in games played on Saturdays so far this season.
Erasing the Biggest Deficit of the Season
Single Digit Outcomes
Back on the Road
After going 3-1 on the road in non-conference play with losses at Illinois (62-54), Missouri (58-48) and St. John's (64-60) and a win at NCAA participating team UALR (81-66), Memphis bounced back to go 6-2 on the road in Conference USA play.
A Link Between the Two
Lonlack Zips Past 300 Steals Mark
Lonlack passed the 1,000 point mark in Memphis' second C-USA game of the season (at UTEP) and now has 1,158 points, 635 rebounds and 301 steals in her four-year career. Of the five seniors on the Tiger roster, she is the lone four-year senior on the roster.
Advancing in the Post Season
With Thursday's win over Chattanooga, the Tigers improved to 6-5 in the WNIT. Memphis' deepest ever run in the WNIT was to the semifinal round, where they lost at host Wisconsin, 92-73, in 1999.
Lee Adding to Her Double-Double Totals
Dickson Moves In to Single Season Top 10
Abdul-Qaadir Books Another Double Digit Night
On Thursday night, she also did something for the first time in her career. She connected on multiple three-point field goals for the first time in her young Tiger career.
Lee Named WBCA All-Region Nominee for All-America Team
Lee is the lone player from Conference USA on the list, and is joined in the Region 4 list by Courtney Osborn (Miami University), Tavelyn James (Eastern Michigan), Alexis Rogers (Bowling Green State), Ebony Rowe (Middle Tennessee) and Jerica Coley (Florida International). The WBCA All-America team will be announced on Saturday, March 31st.
Dickson Plays Another Complete Game
Post Season Awards
Needing 60 & Avoiding 60
On the reverse side, Memphis needs to keep opponents from reaching the 60-point mark. Memphis is 14-1 when the opposition scores 59 or fewer points.
Changing Leagues in 2013-14
Abdul-Qaadir Clears Triple Figures in Assists


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'Then and now' comparisons of London are nothing new, but photographer 'Roll the Dice' brings both quantity and quality — and a certain amount of inventiveness — to the genre.
He recreates not only old photographs of the capital, but also seeks out locations from music videos, classic sitcoms, and forgotten films. His archive now contains hundreds of comparison shots from both central London and the suburbs. He's kindly shared these with us in the Londonist Flickr pool, and we're delighted to pick out a few highlights for your perusal.
These and many other shots, plus some superior street photography, can be viewed on Roll the Dice's Flickr stream, and at a larger size than we can fit in our column.


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CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. --- The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga wrestling team lost to No. 19 Missouri 24-14 on the mats at Maclellan Gym Saturday night. Chattanooga recorded two major decisions and two decisions on the night.
The match began with the 184-lb. class as Chattanooga's Jason McCroskey dominated Todd Porter with a 12-1 major decision which included 4:24 of riding time to give the Mocs an early 4-0 advantage. Missouri answered right back in at 197 as 18th-ranked Brent Haynes posted a 15-4 major decision over Niko Brown. Brown trailed 11-0 at the end of the first period but battled head-to-head the rest of the way.
Demetrius Johnson got the Mocs back on track with a 5-1 decision over Eric Wilson which cut the Tigers lead to 9-7 after an unsportsmanlike penalty (one team point) on Ellis from the prior match. Nathan McCormick made it 13-7 Mizzou with a major decision (15-5) over Josh Statum. Statum battled through the final 30 seconds of the match to avoid a fall and only pass four points along to the Tigers.
The Tigers added a 6-3 decision at 141 as Nick Hucke used a three-point third period to get past Ben Johnson to make it 16-7. Dean Pavlou grabbed another major decision for the Mocs 10-2 over Brandon West pulling the Mocs within five, 16-11. Pavlou scored big with five third-period points to capture the major decision.
The 157 match went to overtime knotted at 1-1. Chattanooga's Josh Conden scored an escape in the second 30-second OT period to score the 2-1 upset over 16th-ranked Patrick Wright. That closed the score to just two with Mizzou up 16-14. Sixth-ranked Nick Marable put it out of reach for the Tigers with a 22-7 technical fall win at 165 over Bond Davis who wrestled up from his usual 157.
The feature match coming in was at 174 with the Mocs' 20th-ranked Jake Young tackling 10th-ranked Dorian Henderson. Young dropped a spirited 6-4 decision providing the final margin of 24-14.
Today's match was a part of a Chattanooga tripleheader with the men's and women's basketball teams. The Lady Mocs topped Western Carolina 68-66, while the men lost a battle of SoCon Division leaders 90-66 to College of Charleston.
The Mocs return to the mat on Jan. 24 as SoCon rival UNC Greensboro invades Maclellan Gym. The Sunday afternoon match begins at 2 p.m., and can be followed on GoMocs.com.
No. 19 Missouri 24, Chattanooga 14
184 - Jason McCroskey (UTC) - MAJ. DEC.12-1 - Todd Porter (MU) - UTC 4, MU 0
197 - No. 18 Brent Haynes (MU) - MAJ. DEC. 15-4 - Niko Brown (UTC) - Tied, 4-4
285 - No. 7 Mark Ellis (MU) - FALL (1:41) - Matt Lettner (UTC) - MU 10, UTC 4
Unsportsmanlike penalty to Mizzou - MU 9, UTC 4
125 - Demetrius Johnson (UTC) - DEC. 5-1 - Eric Wilson (Mizzou) - MU 9, UTC 7
133 - Nathan McCormick (MU) - MAJ.DEC. 15-5 - Josh Statum (UTC) - MU 13, UTC 7
141 - Nick Hucke (MU) - DEC. 6-3 - Ben Johnson (UTC) - MU 16, UTC 7
149 - Dean Pavlou (UTC) - MAJ.DEC. 10-2 - Brandon West (MU) - MU 16, UTC 11
157 - Josh Condon (UTC) - DEC. 2-1 (OT) - No. 16 Patrick Wright (MU) - MU 16, UTC 14
165 - No. 6 Nick Marable (MU) - TF5 22-7 - Bond Davis (UTC) - MU 21, UTC 14
174 - No. 10 Dorian Henderson (MU) - DEC. 6-4 - No. 20 Jake Young (UTC) - MU 24, UTC 14
Attendance: 838
GoMocs.com is the official website of the Chattanooga Mocs. The Mocs can also be followed on their official Facebook page, www.facebook.com/ChattanoogaMocs, or on Twitter, www.twitter.com/GoMocs.


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Committed to your success
Faculty and staff at Ellsworth Community College are dedicated to helping you as you take steps toward reaching your career and life goals. Our faculty in the career-technical programs have worked in the areas in which they now teach; they are knowledgeable about those careers and skills, and they offer their real-world expertise and connections to our students.
One of ECC's hallmarks is that our faculty and staff are known for their overwhelming commitment to students. It's such a legacy, in fact, that a large number of our students come to ECC because of the influence of a family member or close friend. The college offers a "family" environment where you'll feel a real sense of belonging, and you'll soon find out that we care about your success, both in and out of the classroom.
College administration
ECC's administrative and business offices are located in Gentle Student Center.
Provost – Dr. Nancy Muecke, 641-648-8502
Assistant to the ECC Provost – Barb Wright, 641-648-8506
Dean of Students & Academic Affairs – Dr. Lisa Stock, 641-648-8633
Dean of Enrollment Services/Registrar – Dr. Barb Klein 641-648-8518
Dean of Students/Athletic Director – Nate Forsyth, 641-648-8534
Director of Admissions – Adriane Sietsema, 641-648-8519
Director of Residence Life – O.J. Payne, 641-648-6101
Business Office – Mary Weaver, 641-648-8507
Offices & departments
The links below will take you to more information about several ECC offices and departments that can be of assistance to you.
Registrar (registration & transcripts)
Academic Support Services (advising, counseling and special needs/ accommodations)
If you're unable to locate what you need, email us at email@example.com or phone us at 641-648-4611, or toll-free 1-800-322-9235.
Staff directory
Our online staff directory can be searched by campus, department, degree program, or faculty/staff individual names.


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Farm Aid venue announcedSinger Willie Nelson is taking his annual Farm Aid benefit concert to upstate New York with an all-day festival of music and locally grown food in September.
By: Mary Esch, Associated Press
ALBANY, N.Y. — Singer Willie Nelson is taking his annual Farm Aid benefit concert to upstate New York with an all-day festival of music and locally grown food in September.
The event in Saratoga Springs, 28 miles north of Albany, will feature Nelson and other Farm Aid board members John Mellencamp, Neil Young and Dave Matthews, as well as other artists to be announced soon. Tickets went on sale to Farm Aid members June 18 and will be available to the general public June 28.
The concert will be Sept. 21 at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center.
At a stop in Albany on June 13, Nelson said the Northeast is fertile ground for new farmers and sustainable agriculture. Farm Aid's mission is to keep family farmers on the land and support the movement toward healthy, locally grown food, he said.
"There's a whole lot of small family farmers in upstate New York," Nelson told reporters on his tour bus in Albany before heading south for an appearance at a country music festival at Hunter Mountain in the Catskills. "I think this is a great place to try to reach some family farmers."
Nelson says Farm Aid exists because government agricultural policies often favor large corporate-owned farms rather than small farmers. "Small family farmers really need help; the big corporate farmers are doing OK."
Nelson said he wants to encourage more young farmers to get back on the land and encourage people to feed their families wholesome food from farms closer to their homes. "More and more people are asking about where their breakfast comes from, why it comes from 1,500 miles away when there's a farm next door. A lot of people are thinking about what we're feeding our kids. Young people are trying to stay healthy, wondering who's watching out for our food supply."
In New York, there's a heated debate in farm country over shale gas development, which currently is under a moratorium while state officials complete an environmental and health review. Some farmers see gas leases as a solution to their financial struggles, while others oppose gas drilling for fear of accidents causing water and air pollution.
"I'm against it," Nelson says. "It's bad for the land, bad for the farmers, bad for the soil. It's just all-around a bad idea."
"If farmers could make a good enough living farming, they wouldn't feel pressured to lease their land for drilling," says Cara Fraver, an organic farmer from Easton, N.Y., who spoke to reporters on Nelson's bus.
"We need to guarantee farmers a living wage for what they do," Nelson says.
Farm Aid, which has been held almost every year since 1985, provides concert-goers with a Homegrown Village that features local farmers and foods, as well as educational activities related to the Good Food Movement, which promotes humane, organic, sustainable agriculture.
The organization has raised more than $43 million since 1985 to support programs that help small family farms, expand the Good Food Movement and promote locally grown food. Farm Aid has made grants of more than $2.5 million in the Northeast during the past 28 years, according to the organization.
Tags: life, crops, agribusiness, updates


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Board of Directors
Southwest Georgia Technical College is supported and advised by a Board of Directors composed of seven members who were nominated for their positions by area industry and educational officials. Each member was selected and approved by the State Board of the Technical College System of Georgia.
The Board's purpose is to advise on program direction, serve as a check and balance for the development and implementation of College goals, objectives, policies and procedures, and advocate within the community issues of importance to the technical college system, and Georgia's workforce development efforts.
The Southwest Georgia Technical College Board of Directors meets at 4:00 p.m. on the first Tuesday of each month in the Board Room, Building A. View the agenda for the upcoming meeting. For meeting information, please contact Christa Herring at 229-225-5068.
Southwest Georgia Technical College Board of Directors
Grady County
Mr. Chadd Mathis
Mitchell County
Mr. Ray Muggridge
|Bonita Richter, DMD.
B. Bonita Richter, DMD, INC
Thomas County
Ms. Kha M. McDonald
State Board of the Technical College System of Georgia
Southwest Georgia Technical College is under the policy and administrative control of the State Board of the Technical College System of Georgia. This Board was established with the responsibility for the governance and management of all the state-supported technical colleges.
The Board executes its responsibilities in two primary ways:
(1) by adopting policies to provide general guidelines for governing the system, and
(2) by electing a Commissioner and, under his/her supervision, presidents of the colleges, who
are given the responsibility and the authority for the administration of the system in
accord withthe adopted policies.
For a complete listing of State Board members, please click here.


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Rex Isn't Done. Far From It
Thanks to self-belief and some standout performances, the Jets have been better than anyone—except their once-embattled coach—expected. Plus, your letters on football and your heartfelt thoughts on Bailey
A few housekeeping matters on a busy Tuesday:
• I'll never be able to thank all of you personally—via email, Twitter, text message (wow—dog lover John Madden checked in) and voicemail—for your kind thoughts about the death of Bailey the Golden Retriever. Somewhere, I'm sure, she is blushing. I'll have a section at the end of this column with some of your sentiments. Just know I'm grateful to have such a warm internet community (that's a crazy way to look at it, but in today's world that's the way it is) at times like this.
• Jenny Vrentas of The MMQB was in Tampa last night, and, after so much of the Incognito/Martin story was aired in Monday's column, I'll let her story speak for our Dolphins coverage today. Here's Jenny's take on the state of the Dolphins.
• We have a powerful story on the site today about the downfall of Sam Hurd, the former Cowboys and Bears wide receiver ensnared in a major drug trafficking investigation. I strongly recommend the strange and captivating tale by Michael McKnight.
Now, a short column top on the state of a team we never thought we'd see in playoff contention in the middle of November …
* * *
In the summer I visited Jets camp in Cortland, N.Y., and spent a few minutes with Rex Ryan after practice. I thought, like everyone else in football America, that Ryan was on his farewell tour with the Jets. I'd been around him enough to know that he was a relentless optimist, and I said to him that, even though the horizon looked dark, he could always take solace in the fact that he was going to survive at least five years as a head coach in the cauldron of New York professional sports.
"You know," he said, "I never came here for the security of the job. I never came here to survive. I came here to win. And this year, well, we'll see. I hear what people are saying. I know we are more talented than people give us credit for. I have been around long enough to know what a good team looks like. So we'll see. We will work our ass off to get things done. We'll see."
So now, after nine games, here's what we have: The Jets, 5-4, have a one-game lead on five teams for the sixth and final AFC playoff spot. If the season ended today, they'd travel to meet their old friend in Indianapolis in a wild-card game. The Jets got their starting quarterback knocked out for the year in the third preseason game, and they've played a rookie, Geno Smith, who wasn't ready for the job when it was handed to him, and who has turned it over way too much (16 in nine games) … but who has a certain precociousness about him. In a five-game span, he played well enough to beat Matt Ryan, Tom Brady and Drew Brees.
What think you, Rex?
"We believe in ourselves," Ryan says now. "We are playing complimentary football. The so-called experts knew nothing about our team. Nothing. We've got a defensive line playing as well as any in football, with a guy, Muhammad Wilkerson, who should be in the conversation for defensive player of the year. So I like where we are."
Smith, he said, is not a player the Jets will try to hide in the second half of the season. "He is a growing player, and we like him a lot. This is a tough position to play in the NFL. He's learning, and he'll continue to get better."
In the final seven weeks, the Jets play one team with a winning record (Carolina in Charlotte in Week 15), so that's good. They're finished with New England, so that's good. They'll play Miami twice in the final five games, so that probably will be good. If Ryan doesn't look out, he's going to save his job for 2014 and beyond before Thanksgiving.
Owner Woody Johnson and GM John Idzik will consider Ryan's fate after the season. I asked Ryan if he thought he's earned a contract extension.
"Oh," he said with disdain, "I don't worry about that. Honest to God, I don't. There's not one day that it enters my mind. I mean: I haven't spent one minute thinking about it. Things will work out. When you work hard and take care of your job, things usually do work out."
I told him I thought his team has responded to him consistently this year, and the Jets had played well enough for him to get a new deal.
"Thanks," he said. "But you know me. That's not my focus. Honestly."
Now let's head over to Page 2 for your email…
Pete, for what its worth when you said about your Dog Bailey referring that she could have been Darrell Green's dog
"Bailey! I am sorry! You could have been a Hall of Famer's dog!"
I think she was one.
Bailey reader response was heartfelt and predictable. Have always felt that our dogs do a lot more for us than we could ever do for them. We have a 12 year old Pug whose hind end and left front leg are beginning to fail. Cannot bear to think about putting down a dog in obvious pain but still with bright eyes, tail wag and excitement at consuming a last treat. A blurred line between life and death.
This article is really not dealing with the reality of the Jets record. The won two football games by questionable ref calls on the LAST play of the game that gave them field goals to win. Tampa had them stopped cold on their own 43 with 7 seconds left, only time for a hail mary. Linebacker hits Geno about 6 inches out of bounds and the Jets get in field goal range and kicker makes it.
Patriots have Jets stopped and they miss field goal to win, then ref comes in with "pushing from behind" flag, never before thrown in an NFL game, let alone on the last play of the game. 15 penalty yards later, kicker wins game for Jets.
Jets are a 3-6 team, disguised as a 5-4 team. They caught NO in a trap game, and other than that, have not beaten a team that is even close to .500.
I come to Sports Illustrated to read about football. Dogs and veterans I know are popular things and I don't mean to insult their respective supporters, but really, the more fluff that gets added to this column (coffee, beer, marriots, dogs, vets, etc) while you actively ignore things like CTE ("what can I add?" ... really you're a sportswriter and you have no thoughts about CTE and Tony Dorsett? But you have SOMETHING TO ADD EVERY WEEK ABOUT COFFEE?) ... just really watching this column get dumber all the time at this point.
Comment to interns: is there any way you can stop having this page reload just because I would prefer to view it as a single page? Minor, but I find it annoying.
No mention of the injuries to Houston and Atlanta? I thought that one was pretty obvious.
Doggone the Jets are highly overrated!
OK: Are you channeling Richie The Hater Incognito? Did you forget to take your meds today?
Peter, I didnt get to read yesterday MMQB until today. I was at work sniffling (good thing I was able to blame it on a cold). As a dog owner and someone who has had a dog throughout my entire life... We all feel the pain. Even some times as they get old like one of mine now, you know its only a matter of time. I have thought about what I will say to my dog who literally saved my life during a bad time.
I always read your articles and I appreciate both the football and the non-football articles
"I thought about the Tony Dorsett and Leonard Marshall admissions, and I thought: What can I add? "
Incorrect, you thought about the Tony Dorsett and Leonard Marshall admissions, and ... considered how you could best avoid the wrath of your master at NFL HQ, Goodell, and thus decided to ignore the story and retain your cushy gigs at SI and NBC.
To OK: You are not OK, you are a total idiot. Peter King's job is to write about the NFL. That doesn't translate into him being Goodell's lap dog. PK has written a lot of negative copy about the NFL. Overall, I find his writing to be informative, honest and refreshing. You must be a cat lover crazed by toxic spores from you litter box. Do not disrespect Peter's dog.
Re. The Mutt,
Cry to Mark Levin, another manipulator for eyes and ears.
Football. That's what Goodell's paying you for, King. Football spin.
The White Quarterback. The unquestioned greatness of the NFL. Burying your initial coverage of Racist Richie and the PBS Frontline doc on concussions and brain injuries.
If I want screamers who like mutts, I'll listen to Levin have his nightly temper tantrum - three nights a week, 37 nights a year.
Football. Spin for Goodell. Nix the mutt.
First, I'm truly sorry about your faithful companion. I have two K9 companions, Gordo is half yellow lab and half shar pei. (If anyone wants a great dog with irresistible looks and great disposition this is the one). Moochoo Poochoo is all yellow lab and a big loveable dog,( hence the name). I wish people were as easy going and peaceful as my dogs. I will be devastated when they pass as they are loved and cherished. I hope that when Richie Incognito dies he doesn't come back as a dog. That would degrade the species.
Second, I love MMQB and read it every week. This week I most appreciated the comments by Shannon Sharpe. I think his commentary about the Incognito/Martin fiasco was the best of the best. I think he makes sense every time he speaks. My all time favorite was his comment about Jay Cutler as Cutler was being helped off the field after his 'groin" injury. Sharpe: "Hemorrhoids".
How that comment didn't make MMQB, I'll never understand.
Unrelated to this article, but apparently MMQB found the article written by Klemko on the Bears yesterday so horrific that it's been removed from the internet entirely?
Sorry I didn't get to write earlier. I ws a day late with MMQB. Just thought you might wish to know: In Hebrew, the word for dog is KeLeB (prounounced as a ;v;). The letters read out as Kulo Lev Barie, meaning Fully A Creating Loving Heart. Seems like Bailkey ws all that and more. Thanks for reaching deeply into my heart and bringing out blessed tears. May you and your wife be comforted knowing how much even in death, Bailey is touching so many in profoundly precious way.
Amy Earley ... Peter didn't get around to saying it so please allow me. Best of luck to your niece and please send her my sincere thanks for her service to our country.
So many writers comment opine that Andy Dalton is the bane of all success in Cincinnati. PK is always tough on the boys in stripes but even he seems unable to shed any light on the real problem that is keeping the Bengals from succeeding... coaching. Never have I seen so many coaching mistakes costing a team games. Whether it is going for it on 4th an 1 on their own 48 or not going for a 50 yard game winning field goal in OT two weeks in a row or horrible clock management or the inability to motivate a team that has more penalty yardage in a half than offense or corners that continually forget to play the ball thus getting 48 yard interference calls to having multiple "too many players on the field" penalties to running the SAME %$&&^ play up the middle 15 times and gaining 3 yards total to not changing the O-Line scheme when their QB cannot handle pressure... the list goes on and on... it may be time to end the Lewis era in Cinci...
@Outside the box still harping about 2 plays? yeah and you know what- they also should have beaten NE earlier - you can say luck this and that but you know how many plays it takes to win a football game? alot more than 1... and to imply that the jets get any sort of luck- is ridiculous. anyone that watches the jets know that they NEVER get the benefit of the calls... they have a top 5 defense- and despite being penalized the MOST in the league - (fairly certain) 2 calls and they are lucky all of a sudden. ha... whatever NE boy. eat it.
The Jets completely outplayed the Patriots in that game. Take a look at the box score. If you're going to discredit that win, then you should do the reverse for their earlier loss to NE. That game had a TD reversed against the Jets where although the ball came loose, no camera angle ever showed the ball touch the ground. They also reversed a fumble call against the patriots that appeared to be called correctly initially. They lost that game by a FG.
@Hektor But you continue to read and comment. PK has been writing about coffee and beer and lots of other stuff for years, should he change because you don't like it?.
@Jon8 they are ranked middle of the league which is about right... they are 5-4 and won against a few very good teams so- just relax- take a deep breathe... its ok. they still prob wont make the playoffs.
@Jon8 How exactly are they overrated? They are currently in playoff contention, have a top 10 defense and have beaten 2 top 10 teams. Nobody is saying they are going to win the superbowl. But you can't deny they are vastly exceeding the expectations everyone had for them at the beginning of the season. In Peter's fine fifteen rankings he puts another 5-4 team with a good defense, Arizona, several spots ahead of the Jets(who are at 15th I believe). I think too many NFL fans overreact to all the negative stories about the Jets that came out the past few years and have trouble seeing beyond the buttfumble and other similar things.
@OK For someone who was tired of these stories,why get mad when one isn't written? On PKs dog section,it still involved football so what's your problem with it? Matterof fact why do you read his articles for anyway? He doesn't need you,but you seem to need him.
PS get that anger checked,hate to have something happen to you.
I disrespect pundits who use Mutt Tales to boost hits to their websites and/or talk radio shows. Ergo, I disrespect King and that psychotic screamer on WABC in New York. That you choose to be so easily and willfully manipulated reflects only your blatant inability to think for yourself. Sad, pathetic, and quite true.
As per King, his job is to serve his NFL Master, Goodell. That means:
1. Trumpet the White Quarterback at every turn;
2. Bury the PBS Frontline story on concussions and head injuries in the NFL, especially the widely reported fact that ESPN ran from its deal with PBS ... only after a meeting with King's NFL Master, Goodell, and his band of legal thugs.
3. Bury the story on Racist Richie last week, and claim Skinhead Glazer is anything other than a self-promoter who'd kill a dozen school children to make a buck.
You want to buy this tripe, fine. I don't. And if you dislike my right to exercise my views under the First Amendment, move to Dixie and start up your own Racist Richie Retreat.
Master Goodell sent an order to his Spin Doctor, King, and MMQB killed the story.
@Wombat the 50 yd field goal they didn't go for against Baltimore wasn't game winning. It was the first possession of OT, so baltimore would still have gotten the ball with a chance to tie/win the game. But other than that, i don't disagree really.
@OK @carpenter BTW, your suggestion that Glazer would "kill a dozen school children to make a buck" is both sickening and repulsive. Thank you for making a moronic statement that totally discredits any opinion you have previously stated or will ever state again. And IF I did move to Dixie, would you be my neighbor?
@OK @carpenter Perhaps you have your 20 backwards. Wouldn't it be more appropriate to post as KO? Obviously you have been knocked out on numerous occasions and now suffer from serious brain damage. Did you ever know that the NFL is totally meaningless and only there for entertainment purposes? That being said, Peter King is highly entertaining to a high percentage of football fans. At least he's not a low life hate monger like you. When you die and go to h**l, I hope you and R. Incognito have to share a room.
Looks like OK is having a heavy flow day, poor girl.
And you would gladly shine Racist Richie's cleats and recharge the cellphone on which he sent racist verbal and text messages to a teammate. Not an opponent. Not his Mama. A teammate.
And you're an individual who is unable to correctly spell "you're" vs. "your". Way to show your third-grade education.
@ok right... your an individual with all the answers. way to be the leader of nobody
makes complete sense since your here trolling. Your a punk. ill be off the site in a few minutes... you will still be in your mama's basement commenting wondering why you have no friends


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Kristen Bell dances to Christina Aguilera's 'Burlesque'
Singer Christina Aguilera's first lead movie role already heralded the big-screen return of Cher. Now Aguilera has a rival.
"Couples Retreat" star Kristen Bell will co-star in "Burlesque" as Aguilera's nemesis, according to The Hollywood Reporter. She'll play a singer at a nightclub owned by Cher; when Aguilera's character arrives, Bell's Nikki finds her headliner status threatened.
"Burlesque" marks Aguilera's first starring role on film, as well as the first live-action movie role for Cher since 1999.
Filming begins in November with a tentative November 2010 release date.
Follow Zap2it on Twitter for the latest TV, movie and celebrity news updates.
Christina Aguilera opens 'Burlesque'
Cher returns for Christina Aguilera's 'Burlesque'
'Couples Retreat' review, pictures and tickets


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Only Utah-based company to make the list, Intermountain is a top-ranked work place in the 2013 rankings published by Glassdoor, an online career and review site
Intermountain Healthcare has been ranked among the Top 50 Best Places to Work in the 2013 rankings published by Glassdoor, an online career and review site that depends on employees to post anonymous reviews about their company. Others on the ranking include Facebook, Google, Apple, and other top international companies.
The fifth annual Glassdoor Best Places to Work list is an honor given to 50 companies each year and is based entirely on employee feedback — Glassdoor calls it the Employees' Choice Awards. The ranking is determined using feedback employees have shared on Glassdoor throughout the past year. Employees complete an anonymous company review survey that captures their sentiment toward: career opportunities; compensation and benefits; work/life balance; and senior leadership, among other categories.
For more information and to see the complete 2013 Top 50 Best Places to Work ranking,
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Walmart offers the refurbished Vizio 48" 120Hz 1080p WiFi LED-Backlit LCD HD Smart Television, model no. E480i-B2, for $389.99 with free shipping. That's $110 under our January mention of a new unit (although that included a $125 gift card) and the lowest outright price we've seen in over a year. (For further comparison, it's also $10 under the best price we could find for a refurb today.) Features include a 1920x1080 (1080p) native resolution, 120Hz refresh rate, LED backlight, WiFi, SmartTV Internet applications (including Netflix, Hulu Plus, and Amazon Instant Video), USB, and three HDMI inputs.
Note: No warranty information is provided.


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Join the quest to find the best acoustic guitar under £300
MusicRadar needs you! Find out more here
'Ask MusicRadar' kicked off in style last week and, thanks to you, we're well on our way to the definitive list of the best electric guitars under £300 (watch this space for more). This week, we're going acoustic…
If you've ever A) owned or drooled over an acoustic guitar, which B) played and sounded like a dream, and C) cost under £300 – we, the guitar-playing, gear-buying community need to know. What's the best acoustic guitar under £300?
If you'd like to make a suggestion, or you're simply looking for advice, click here for more.