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The "material support" statute, 18 U.S.C. § 2339B, makes it a crime (punishable by up to 10 years in prison) to provide "material support" to any foreign organization the Secretary of State has designated as terrorist. "Material support" is defined in the statute to include almost any kind of support for blacklisted groups, including humanitarian aid, training, expert advice, "services" in almost any form, and political advocacy. The Patriot Act broadened these provisions in the wake of 9/11.
The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) contends that these material support provisions violate the First Amendment as they criminalize activities like distribution of literature, engaging in political advocacy, participating in peace conferences, training in human rights advocacy, and donating cash and humanitarian assistance, even when this type of support is intended only to promote lawful and non-violent activities. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court recently upheld the government's broad reading of the statute to criminalize speech in the form of coordinated political advocacy.
CCR's principal complaint is that the material support statute imposes guilt by association by punishing moral innocents not for their own culpable acts, but for the culpable acts of the groups they have supported. The statute does not require that organizations must show intent to further terrorist or other illegal activity to be charged. CCR also believes that the statute is unconstitutionally vague and that the Secretary of State's power to designate groups is too broad, giving the Executive too much discretionary power to label groups as "terrorist" and turn their supporters into outlaws.
Material Support in Legal Cases
The material support statute has played a major role in some of the government's more dubious terrorism prosecutions in the wake of 9/11. John Walker Lindh was charged with providing "material support" when the government lacked sufficient evidence to pursue treason charges against him.
Other high-profile post-9/11 material support cases include:
- The prosecutions of the Lackawanna Six, accused of training at terror camps in Afghanistan;
- Sami Omar Al Huassayn, an Idaho student accused of running a web site where radical Islamists posted materials (he was acquitted by a jury);
- Ahmed Abu Ali, a Virginian held in Saudi Arabia at the behest of the United States for more than a year and extradited to face vague charges of material support only after a court order;
- and radical criminal defense attorney Lynne Stewart.
In all these cases, the defense claimed the evidence was too thin to support more substantive terrorism charges, and that the "material support" allegations were overly vague.
CCR Cases Challenging Material Support
CCR's Humanitarian Law Project litigation consists of three cases, one filed pre-9/11 and the other two after, which challenge the material support statute and similar restrictions created after 9/11.
The lead plaintiff in these cases was the Humanitarian Law Project (HLP), a Los Angeles-based non-profit with consultative status to the United Nations that advocates for the peaceful resolution of armed conflicts and for worldwide compliance with humanitarian law and human rights law. HLP wanted to assist the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) with conflict resolution and human rights monitoring in Turkey.
Also represented in the cases were several Tamil-American organizations and two individuals seeking to provide medical assistance to tsunami victims and expertise to improve healthcare in war-ravaged northeast Sri Lanka, which would require working with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), an advocate for self-determination of the Tamils in Sri Lanka. Both the PKK and the LTTE have been designated as "terrorist" organizations by the State Department.
In light of the government's current fervor to use the label of terrorism as a brand for groups and organizations that are not toeing the line on U.S. foreign policy, these challenges to the criminalization of what have long been understood to be constitutionally protected activities were vitally important.
In June 2010, the United States Supreme Court rejected CCR's challenge against the criminalization of political speech and humanitarian aid in Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project.
The decision marks the first time that the Supreme Court has held that the First Amendment permits Congress to make pure speech advocating lawful, nonviolent activity-human rights advocacy and peacemaking-a crime. Doing so can land a citizen in prison for 15 years, all in the name of "fighting terrorism."
The Court's ruling leaves it unclear whether publishing an op-ed or submitting an amicus brief in court arguing that a group does not belong on the list is a criminal act is prohibited. What is clear is that the Court's decision is likely to cast a broad chill over political speech and the activities of humanitarian groups and journalists.
Useful links:
- The SCOTUS Majority opinion and dissent (PDF);
- Amicus brief filed on behalf of peace groups (PDF):
- Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project case page;
- Supreme Court Blog : Analysis: Partial U.S. victory on terrorism;
- Washington Post Editorial: The Supreme Court goes too far in the name of fighting terrorism;
- New York Times Editorial: A Bruise on the First Amendment;
- Wall Street Journal Law Blog: Supreme Court Upholds Controversial Terror Law
- LA Times: Supreme Court upholds law against advising terrorists;
- Humanitarian Law Project; and
- Charity and Security Network.


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Modified Mustangs & FordsFeatured Vehicles
Ford Introduces The Boss Mustang - Boss Hoss
Ford Shows The Rest How It's Done With The Introduction Of The 1969 Boss Mustang
If you're bound and determined to go forward, keep in mind that even the 2V Cleveland head port size is large for a 302 displacement, so for a street-use engine we'd recommend going with the smaller 2V heads for better low-end power and torque. You'll need a special intake manifold that will mate the two engine types. Modifications to the cylinder-head cooling passages will also have to be accomplished. Pay attention to the piston and rod requirements as well, and you'll show up at cruise nights with something different.
Unlike the genuine Boss 302 block, the standard 302 item is a two-bolt affair, so you might wish to consider a stud girdle for the high rpm use expected with an engine with such large flow capacity.
As in '69, 10 different engines were available in the Mustang in '71, with the base engine being the 250ci inline-six. Several versions of the 302 were available, and all 351s for the Mustang in this year were of the Cleveland variety. Also offered in '71 was the Boss 351, which now replaced the Boss 302 and Boss 429 as the top-of-the-line performance Mustang. In November 1970, Ford withdrew all support for Trans-Am racing, so the necessity for a special engine displacing 302 ci was gone. Hence, even though a '71 Boss 302 was slated for production, the car never saw the light of day. The Boss 351 featured a 351ci Cleveland engine with a high compression ratio of 11.7:1. The solid-lifter engine was rated at 330 hp and came equipped with aluminum valve covers. Like the earlier Boss cars, a four-speed transmission and a 3.91:1 axle ratio were standard. Ram Air was featured on the Boss 351, as well as front disc brakes, heavy-duty suspension, and front spoiler. Boss 351 cars had the Mach 1 grille, but were identified by a Boss 351 decal affixed in place of the Mach 1 markings. Again, the Magnum 500 wheels in a 15x7 size were used, this time shod with Goodyear F60-15 tires.
The Boss series of Ford Mustang automobiles remains one of the most historically significant types of high-performance cars of any manufacture. Designed to be balanced and fast, the Ford dream of Trans-Am dominance was realized in 1970 when the Boss 302 rode to victory. Although the Boss 429 was a homologation vehicle designed to get the 429 Blue Crescent engine certified for NASCAR racing, in street trim it was delivered to the showroom floor in a relatively mild form. The Boss 429 Mustang remains one of the most underrated performance cars of all time. A few changes underhood turned the street Boss 429 Mustang into a nearly unbeatable barnstormer. Finally, the Boss 351 was a great high-performance car whose lifetime was cut short by the impending factors of emissions regulations and high insurance premiums. Sadly, for performance enthusiasts everywhere and for many years to come, the words "high performance" had a hollow ring in Detroit.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- 24symbolsA subscription service to read digital books on the Internet.
24symbols is a service to read digital books on the Internet based on a subscription model. It's like a Spotify for books.
Book lovers? Just register, click and read. And subscribe for offline reading and access to the whole catalog.
Publishers? Find an alternative channel for your books, a real-time stats dashboard to find what readers read, and a marketing platform.
We are a proud member of Seedcamp, after winning Seedcamp London 2012.


text:
Sprint Pitches Local FM Radio as the Next Phone Feature
Article Comments
Replying to: Only one problem... by BigRed75
Re: Only one problem...
Pandora kills your data. If you are like most people, you'd keep pandora on for hours at a time. Nothings wrong with FM radio, unless you have one of the sprint or t-mobile fully unlimited plans.
No replies to this message


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Unfortunately, I had dry cough and sore throat when I got back so I haven't been able to binge as much as I wanted to. Now that I am well, I finally get to enjoy whatever cheese is left. Haha...
One that I really like is Tasmanian Heritage's Camembert Cheese (pronounced as kah-mah-behr). Ok, I am just noting down the correct pronunciation here but for sure I will forget it in the coming weeks. Haha...
This is how it looks like when bare - for sure you've seen this on some cheese buffet spread. It goes well with fruits and nuts and best served at room temperature (but of course, I eat it straight from the fridge. Haha...). I also experimented toasting it on crackers. Yum.
And with all the cheese, I got to use this beautiful cheese knife set made from carabao horns I got as a gift for everyday eating.
They don't just look nice but also slice nicely. As a personal practice, I try not to keep things for aesthetic purposes but really use them functionally. Everyday is a special day and we don't have to wait for a special occasion to use the beautiful things we own. Here's the inspiring story which made realize that everyday is a special occasion.


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Watch Joe DeForest Fall Camp Update
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. – Select members of the West Virginia University football coaching staff met with the media on Saturday, Aug. 29, 2014, at the Milan Puskar Center Team Room.
Assistant Coach (Defensive Coordinator) Tony Gibson
On continuing to work on the developing the depth chart defensively
We haven't gotten that much in depth with it right now. We know what we want to do. We just have to keep evaluating and see where we're at with it right now. We've got to get defensive backs healthy first. (Safety) KJ (Dillon) is a big part of that. Once he's back, we'll be able to do some different stuff.
What I want to do is get fresh bodies out there. So if we're in a nickel package, we'll bring an extra defensive back in, and maybe take a nose guard out and put more speed in up front – that kind of stuff. We just have to look. We have to make sure we have cover guys first. (Linebacker Brandon) Golson, (linebacker Edward) Muldrow, (defensive lineman) Shaq Riddick – those guys will hopefully all be on the field getting pressure on the quarterback.
On the time table for getting some of the defensive players back to full health
I get the injury report and just go day-by-day. We practice with the guys we have.
On the maturity of sophomore cornerback Daryl Worley
I thought he was special last year. For a kid to come in as a freshman and be able to do all the things he was doing for us on defense, he's a special kid. He's a special kid and a special player. Yesterday – we went with a little live drill at the end of practice – was probably his best day he's had in camp so far. He got his hands on a few balls. He had a pick. He did some really good things yesterday.
Senior Associate Head Coach (Defensive Line) Tom Bradley
On the progression of the defensive line in camp
We're about where we should be in early preseason. They're at the point right now where some things are starting to run together. We are going to keep installing, putting it in, and eventually it will come easier. Part of the difference is we really put in the whole (defensive package), then we slow down and put in the separate parts again. It won't be as much as we have. Each week, we are installing new things and trying to see how they look. Sometimes they don't look good against some of the things our offense runs, but we're not scheming for our offense. We're just trying to learn technique.
On if coach Bradley has had to scale back any of his packages from previous seasons
Not at all – it's typical preseason. This is the way it goes in preseason. The older guys obviously have a better grasp – they have a foundation to build on the younger guys. Right now, (the younger guys) are just memorizing a lot of things. They're unable to move positions. With the older guys, we're able to move them around a little bit. They understand the scheme. That's the one thing we're trying to do is teach concepts. If you can teach a concept, rather than memorization, you can really go. I know from experience with the younger players that doesn't work as well. One of things about being a good coach is being a good teacher. I found that out again the other day – everyone learns differently. You have to choose your words carefully. That's sometimes the hard part – when you're newer to a group of guys, I don't understand how they learn. When you're with a group of players long enough, you understand how they do things. So it's easier. You know exactly what that kid can do and that kid gets.
On defensive lineman Christian Brown
We move Christian around. Some days he plays some (defensive) end, and some days he plays some nose (tackle). He plays both ends. We're not a team right now that's flipping people – which is easier. If you're an open end or a closed end, it's very different. If you're a boundary or field end, it's different. What we're doing is we're wanting to play both. It's double learning. When you're a formation-based team, it's very easy – you just have one technique. We have two on every one, plus Christian sometimes doubles. We put him in at nose just to keep him fresh with nose, in case we have any problems.
Assistant Coach (Offensive Line) Ron Crook
On the offensive line
I feel like we're going the right way. There are guys who are coming along and making strides. They still have a ways to go, before I say they're ready to go and play a Big 12 football game. I like the direction that those guys are going.
On the athleticism and strength of the offensive line this year
I think the strength staff over the summer did a great job developing mental toughness with those guys and continuing to build that. As well as, leaning some guys down and building more muscle mass and giving them a little more quickness and agility. From that standpoint, I think we are a little bit different. That's me being here another year and kind of developing more of an understanding from them of what I'm looking for.
On if coach Crook changes his philosophies with a more athletic group on the line
You always try to build everything around what your players can do well. However, we've got a base philosophy and belief system. We keep working to make the guys work into that as well.
On what this offensive line does well
The biggest thing right now is that they trust each other very well, and they're comfortable with each other, because they've been together for a while now. They are an athletic group. They've got good quickness, but they also have good power surges. There are a lot of things that they're doing well together right now.
On the development of offensive lineman Marcell Lazard and Grant Lingafelter
Those two guys have come a long way. Again, I'd hesitate to say they're ready to play in a Big 12 football game. They're coming a long way, and they're going in the right direction. I develop a better understanding of what we're looking for, what we're trying to accomplish, and then you throw in all of the stuff you see in preseason camp. From a defensive perspective, they're getting a lot of looks at a lot of different things.
Assistant Coach (Special Teams) Joe DeForest
On junior safety Karl Joseph's leadership
Karl's a quiet leader. When he does say something, people listen. He's more of a quiet leader with work ethic, intensity and those types of things. That's how people follow him other than all of the "rah-rah" stuff. People respect him, and when he's on the field he gets things done.
Karl came in as a true freshman. He came in and played as an All-American. (Sophomore cornerback Daryl) Worley saw that and (freshman cornerback) Dravon Henry is sort of following the same lead too. It's up to Dravon as to how far he goes. He's very gifted athletically, but he needs to work mentally. If you mess up in the back end, its six points you give up.
On how Joseph has improved since freshman year
The little things in the game that as a freshman you just play on instinct he has really improved. I think he understands my teaching progression, and that I want him to learn the positions in the room. Once you get to that point, especially when you know where the stress points and strengths will be, then he can grasp everything. As a freshman, you can't get that information out yet.
He is grasping things around him, offensively and defensively, where he knows what's going to come next He can work on that now.
On Big 12 Preseason award
Karl has bigger goals than just being an all-conference preseason. He has goals beyond what anybody could name him. I know he's honored, and I know it makes him feel good, but I think that he is so focused on building on what's going to get him to where he wants to be. Whether it's after this season or after college, that's something that he really works on.
Assistant Coach (Running Backs) JaJuan Seider
On maximizing the slot position
We are starting to get to the point where we can teach all of them. It goes back to being a football player, not just a specific guy. You don't want to just be a running back. We hope that we can get them out there in the slot, catch a ball and make a linebacker or a safety miss them. We're just trying to get these guys to understand the position.
On standouts
Guys are emerging. It's so early in camp that the biggest thing is keeping the guys fresh. When you make those type of decisions early, you see guys fall back. If you don't name them, then they keep pushing and pushing. During camp, you never know how things are going to transpire. We have guys making big plays left and right. It's not just one guy, which is a good thing. It's a plethora of them.
Everyone will contribute in some kind of way. Sometimes blocking is more important than the running play. Sometimes you need to get a receiver free or something. Those are big plays to me.
On senior running back Dreamius Smith blocking
He knows if he doesn't, then he won't play. You shouldn't have to motivate a guy to do what they're supposed to do. To me, that's doing your job of being a running back. We've been blunt and upfront with him. He worked hard during spring. He did a really good job in the spring and the summer. It's universal through the room. I think that (redshirt junior running back) Dustin Garrison and (redshirt junior running back Andrew) Buie might be the toughest guys out there. They have the experience, and they're veterans. They learn from each other.
On last week of camp
I won't let up. That's my job as the coach. Yesterday in practice, Dreamius and (sophomore running back) Wendell Smallwood busted a 67-yard run in practice. I made them come right back and try to do it again. I'm not going to let up, and they're sure not going to let up on me because they want it.
Assistant Coach (Offensive Coordinator) Shannon Dawson
On the vertical passing game
The risk of reward is high. You can have a 50 percent success rate with that. The rate isn't that high, so you just have to keep working and working. There's a fine line between taking shots and wasting plays. You have to pick and choose. You don't want to sit there and waste plays if you're not great at it. We're getting better, though.
On game planning
Until the week of preparation for the first game, we're just doing install days. There's no planning until that last weekend going into it. We've always done it that way, whether it's the right way or not. There are some people who start game planning in the summer. We've never been in that mentality. We're trying to get good at what we do, and then when we get closer to that week, we will watch them. We will filter out stuff that isn't good about what we do versus them and the other way around. We won't start game planning until next Friday.
On deciding who starts
We're going to have to work on that on receiver. We will identify them closely. The way we're using running back, specific individual skillsets might be different. Eighty to 90 percent of our game plan will be general. Fifteen percent of the game plan will be specialized with individuals. There will be a margin of things that are like that, but the majority will be things that they can all do.
Football: KJ Dillon Preseason
Football: Tony Gibson Preseason
Football: Skyler Howard Preseason
Coach Dana Holgorsen
2015 Bob Huggins Fantasy Camp
Womens Soccer: Ashley Lawrence Goal vs. NL


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In an environment of competitive local and interexchange carriers, offering number portability between local carriers-serving a common region and between switches serving that region, each local carrier accesses a regional database to determine the identify of the carrier and switch serving a local customer. In addition, interexchange carriers access a national database to determine the identity of the carrier and switch serving the customer specified by the number dialed by an originating customer. For customers requiring high reliability service, alternate carriers can be used to serve such customers in case the primary carrier is unavailable; the databases identify these alternate carriers. Advantageously, this arrangement allows a high degree of freedom of movement of customers between carriers and geographic relocation without requiring a number change.
1. In a telecommunication network, a method of establishing a telecommunications call, comprising the steps of:
receiving a Dialed Number dialed by a caller at a first switch of a first local carrier;
determining whether said Dialed Number is for a local exchange area call;
if it is determined that said Dialed Number is for a local exchange area call, accessing a local database to determine a preferred terminating carrier, prespecified by a called party identified by said Dialed Number, and switch prespecified by said preferred terminating carrier for serving said call; and
routing said call to said preferred terminating carrier for completing said call to said switch.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of accessing the local database comprises the step of
accessing said local database to determine a preferred terminating and an alternate terminating carrier for said local exchange area and preferred and alternate switch prespecified by said preferred terminating and said alternate terminating carrier, respectively, for serving said call; and
wherein the step of routing said call further comprises the step of routing said call to said alternate carrier if said preferred carrier is not available.
3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising the step of:
preparing a call detail record for said call, said billing record comprising an identity of a terminating carrier selected for routing said call.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
determining whether this is a local exchange area toll call;
responsive to a determination that this is a local exchange area toll call, determining whether the caller has subscribed to or specified an interexchange carrier for local exchange area toll calls; and
responsive to a determination that the caller has subscribed to or specified an interexchange carrier for local exchange area toll calls, routing said call to the subscribed to or specified interexchange carrier for a determination of the terminating carrier and switch serving the called party specified by the Dialed Number.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
determining whether this is an interexchange call responsive to determining that said Dialed Number is for an interexchange call, querying a national database to determine a terminating carrier and switch for serving said Dialed Number.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said national database is accessed by an interexchange carrier.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein said national database is accessed by said first local carrier.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said local database comprises a plurality of databases.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein different terminating carriers use different ones of said plurality of databases.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein databases of a carrier are updated from a centralized service management system.
11. In a telecommunication network, a method of establishing a telecommunications call, comprising the steps of:
receiving a Dialed Number dialed by a caller at a first switch of a first local carrier;
determining whether said Dialed Number is for an interexchange call;
if it is determined that said Dialed Number is for an interexchange call, routing said call to an interexchange carrier;
accessing a national database from said interexchange carrier to determine a preferred terminating local carrier prespecified by a called party identified by said Dialed Number, and switch prespecified by said preferred terminating carrier for serving said call; and
routing said call to said preferred terminating local carrier and switch.
12. The method of claim 5 or 11 wherein the step of:
accessing said national database comprises the step of querying said national database to determine an alternate terminating carrier prespecified by a called party identified by said Dialed Number, and switch prespecified by said alternate terminating earlier for serving said call.
13. The method of claim 5 or 11 further comprising the step of:
preparing a call detail record comprising an identification of said first local carrier and an identification of at least one carrier selected to route said call to the customer identified by the Dialed Number.
14. The method of claim 1 or 11 wherein a national database or a local database comprises a location routing number for routing said telecommunications call to a terminating switch for serving said Dialed Number.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said location routing number comprises an NPA-NXX (number plan area-office code) code.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said NPA-NXX code matches an NPA-NXX code of at least some customers served by said terminating switch.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein said national database or regional database further comprises data for identifying a trunk group for routing said telecommunications call over a carrier for serving said called number.
18. The method of claim 5 or 8 wherein said national database comprises a plurality of databases.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/324825, filed on Oct. 18, 1994 (now abandoned).
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for providing competitive, local and toll service in a national telecommunications network.
The U.S. telecommunications network is in a state of transition. During the next several years, it is expected that the monopoly held by local exchange carriers will be substantially altered and that Competitive Access Providers (CAPs) will begin to offer customer access for toll calls to the already competitive interexchange carriers, will provide local exchange service, or both. In order to accomplish this goal without creating an excessive burden on customers who wish to receive service from a CAP, it is expected that there will be a requirement that a change to a CAP need not be accompanied by a change of telephone number. Further in the long run, it is expected that customers will be able to move to another geographic location within some reasonably defined region, and, in moving, change their local carrier, the switch from which they are being served, or both. The ability to change service providers without moving is called service provider number portability; the ability to change location without changing a service provider is called geographic number or location portability. It is expected that in the not too distant future both will be required. In order to provide service in the face of service provider number portability and geographic number portability, the traditional tie between a customer's serving central office and the NPA-NXX portion of that customer's telephone number will have to be broken and alternate arrangements provided. Such alternate arrangements already exist for 700 service wherein the last seven digits of a 700 number bear no relation to the geographic location of the associated telephone customer. Other service access codes such as 500 are being planned for use with similar services. At the present time, this type of facility is limited to a small fraction of telephone customers. Accordingly, the problem in the prior art is that no sound economic arrangement has been proposed which offers geographic number portability and service provider number portability to most telephone customers.
The above problem is solved and an advance is made over the prior art in accordance with our invention wherein each local exchange carrier is provided with access to a local universal database listing all numbers for a given local region served by a local exchange carrier and wherein each interexchange carrier is provided with access to a national database listing all numbers for the nation. (Clearly, both of these databases can be implemented incrementally during a period of transition wherein for example, the national database need only store data for regions which have implemented service provider number portability and/or geographic number portability and within these regions only for office codes which have diversity in the location and/or the local exchange carrier of their subscribers.) For local calls, the local database is accessed to determine the identity of the terminating local exchange carrier and the terminating switch of the called customer while the national database is accessed to obtain similar information for toll calls. Advantageously, with this arrangement, the originating switch or a switch of an interexchange carrier can determine the identity of the local carrier serving the called customer and the switch from which that called customer is served.
In accordance with one feature of the invention, an alternate terminating carrier and terminating switch can be identified for customers who require especially reliable service so that if the preferred carrier and switch are inaccessible, the terminating customer may be reached by an alternate route. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, call detail records for individual calls include the identity of the terminating exchange carrier and switch for toll calls. The originating local carrier and switch must also be identified if the interexchange carrier is to produce the billing record for a call, in order to rate calls properly with geographic and/or service provider portability.
For local carrier switches for local or toll calls, the identity of the originating local exchange carrier and switch, or the interexchange carrier, respectively, can be optionally recorded in order to allow a single billing center to process calls from a plurality of carriers without requiring that the records of each carrier and switch be segregated.
In order to route calls in a network which has local number portability, it is necessary to have a location routing number for routing calls to the particular switch which serves the called customer. Such a location routing number is used to identify that switch so that the call may be routed there. In accordance with one feature of applicants' invention, this location routing number (LRN) comprises an area code and office code (NPA-NXX) wherein each switch of the network has a unique LRN. If a switch serves customers having several different office codes, perhaps even office codes and having different NPA codes, such a switch is identified by a single NPA-NXX code. While it may be convenient to assign an NPA-NXX code that is used by at least some of the customers served by switch, it is not necessary; because each switch must have a distinct location routing number, it may not be possible, in some cases, for some of the switches, especially smaller switches of competitive access providers. However, if the switch is identified by an NPA-NXX code of some of the telephones that it serves, routing translations can remain the same for those telephones. Advantageously, the use of an NPA-NXX code as a location routing number provides a high degree of compatibility with existing methods of routing telephone calls.
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram illustrating the operation of applicant's invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the arrangement for updating national and local databases;
FIGS. 3-6 are flow diagrams illustrating the operation of applicant's invention;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams illustrating the establishment of toll and local calls in accordance with applicant's invention; and
FIG. 9 illustrates the use of data for identifying a location reference number for routing calls.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the relationship between telephone customers, local service providers (i.e., local exchange carriers) and interexchange carriers. Individual customers 1-5 serve to originate or terminate telephone traffic. Some of these customers, such as customers 1 and 4, are connected to two carriers in order to provide especially reliable service. Local exchange carriers 6-10 are connected to the customers and are connected to interexchange carriers 11-13. Each local exchange carrier includes one or more switches 17, a local universal database (LUDB) 18 and a billing recording system 19. Alternatively, a local universal database can be shared by several or all local carriers. The switches are for establishing telephone connections in the conventional way and are interconnected by the links shown in FIG. 1. The database 18 need only contain data for the telephone numbers of the region served by the local exchange carrier. Each of the local exchange carriers serving a particular region stores in its database data concerning all the numbers of the region so that in a broad sense, each of the databases contain the same data. The database for a particular region and a particular carrier is accessed through data links from each of the switches of the carrier serving that region. While FIG. 1 shows individual databases for each local exchange carrier, these databases could be shared among a plurality of such local exchange carriers; this is particularly straightforward since the databases are accessed using data links.
The local exchange carriers are connected to interexchange carriers 11, 12, . . . , 13, each of which contains one or more switches 14, and access to a national universal database (NUDB) 15 and a billing record system 16. The remarks made previously about the local database are also applied to the national database which, of course, is very much larger. This national database can be concentrated or distributed and can be shared among a plurality of interexchange carriers since it is accessed by data links from the switches that use the data of the database.
FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for updating the local and national databases. A centralized service management system 201 transmits update messages to individual carrier local number portability service management systems 202 which transmit update messages to the local databases 203 of each of the carriers 204. Similarly, the centralized service management system 201 transmits data messages to interexchange carrier local number portability service management systems 210, each of which are used to update the national databases 211 of each of the carriers 212.
Local access providers must provide update information to the centralized service management system 201. The customer's new local service provider is responsible for the update for the case in which the customer changes service providers. When a customer switches carriers, the original local carrier may be required to forward calls for a short period (a few days) until the database has been updated.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the routing procedure for this kind of arrangement. The local exchange carrier switch receives the call (action block 301). The local carrier switch makes a translation whether this is a local or a toll call (test 303). If geographic number (location) portability has been implemented in the region where the call is received, then in order to successfully complete test 303, the local database will return the preferred terminating local exchange carrier and the switch from which the terminating customer is served and this can be used in conjunction with the identification of the originating switch to determine whether this is a local or toll call. A call will also be a toll call if it is recognized that the local database will not contain data for that terminating customer. This can be determined, for example, from the NPA code of the terminating customer, or if geographic number (location) portability has not been implemented from the office code of the called number. If as a result of test 303 it is determined that this is a toll call, then the call is routed to the pre-subscribed interexchange carrier or if the customer specifies an interexchange carrier by dialing an appropriate code, then to the specified dialed interexchange carrier (see action block 305). The interexchange carrier receives the Automatic Number Identification (ANI) of the calling customer, and the Dialed Number (action block 307). The interexchange carrier then accesses the national database to determine the terminating carrier (and alternate where provided) and the terminating switch (and alternate where specified) (action block 309). The interexchange carrier then routes the call to an egress switch serving the preferred terminating carrier and transmits the terminating carrier and local office identification (action block 311). Test 313 determines whether the preferred carrier is available; if so, the call is completed to the called customer via that terminating carrier (action block 315). If the preferred carrier is not available (negative result of test 313), then test 317 determines whether an alternate carrier has been specified. If so, then test 319 determines whether the alternate carrier is available. If so, the call is routed to the alternate carrier for completion to the called customer (action block 321). If the alternate carrier is unavailable, then the call is blocked and given blocked call treatment (action block 323). Similarly, if no alternate carrier had been specified (negative result of test 317) then the call is also blocked (action block 323).
If the result of test 303 for determining whether this is a local or toll call is that the call is a local call, then action block 401 (FIG. 4) is entered. In action block 401 the local exchange carrier switch queries the local database to determine the preferred carrier and switch (and alternate carrier and switch if so specified). Test 403 is used to determine whether the preferred carrier is available. If so, then the call is routed to the preferred carrier, and the terminating carrier and end office identification are transmitted toward the terminating carrier (action block 405). If not, test 407 determines whether an alternate carrier has been specified. If so, test 409 determines whether the alternate carrier is available. If so, then the call is routed to the alternate carrier for completion to the called customer. If the alternate carrier is not available (negative result of test 409) or if no alternate carrier had been specified (negative result of test 407) then the call is given blocked call treatment (action block 413).
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing the actions performed for billing a toll call. The interexchange carrier receives the ANI and Dialed Number (action block 501). The interexchange carrier translates the incoming trunk identification to identify the originating carrier (action block 503). Alternatively, signaling information from the originating carrier can identify that carrier. The interexchange carrier then queries the national database to identify the terminating carrier and switch for the called number (action block 505) and the interexchange carrier prepares a call detail record including the ANI, Dialed Number, originating and terminating local carrier identification and switch identification, the interexchange carrier identity (in case billing records are processed for several carriers by a single processor), and elapsed time for the call (action block 507).
FIG. 6 is the billing procedure for local calls. The local carrier receives the Dialed Number and the ANI of the originating customer (action block 601). The local carrier then queries the local database to identify the terminating carrier and switch based on the Dialed Number (action block 603). The local carrier then prepares a call detail record including the ANI, Dialed Number, the terminating carrier and terminating switch identification.
For the case that the alternate terminating carrier is used, the alternate terminating carrier and switch are substituted for the preferred carrier and switch in the call detail record.
FIG. 7 illustrates a toll call and illustrates some of the ways in which the arrangement described herein has flexibility. A customer 701 has access to three different local carriers: namely, Local Exchange Carrier 711, Competitive Access Provider 713 and Cable TV provider 715. Assume that this customer elects for a particular call to use the Competitive Access Provider 713. When the toll call arrives at the ingress switch 731 of the selected interexchange carrier, the call is routed to the egress switch of interexchange carrier 733, either the ingress switch or the egress switch may query a national universal database 741 to obtain information as to the carrier and office serving the called customer. The interexchange carrier switch querying database 741 supplies the called party number (NPA-NXX-XXXX) and receives in response the identity or identities of the carrier(s) and end office(s) of the local carrier serving the called customer. It is also possible that the database is queried from an intermediate switch of the selected interexchange carrier; this might happen, for example, if the call is of a special type handled by a specialist interexchange carrier switch. At any rate, the egress switch is informed, either by the querying switch, or directly by the database if the egress switch is the querying switch, of the identity of the preferred carrier(s) and the identity of the end office for each such carrier. The call is then routed, in this case via CATV carrier 725, to the terminating customer. Note that in the terminating region there is also a Local Exchange Carrier 721 and the Competitive Access Provider 723, so that there is an alternative for completing the call to the called customer 703. In order to provide revenue to the carrier that actually processed the call, the identity of the originating and terminating local carrier, as well as the interexchange carrier, are provided either explicitly to the call detail records or implicitly because the record is made by a particular carrier.
FIG. 8 illustrates a local call and illustrates some of the ways in which the arrangement described herein has flexibility. A customer 801 has access to three different local carriers, namely local exchange carrier 811, Competitive Access Provider 813 and Cable TV provider 815. Assume that this customer elects for a particular call to use the Competitive Access Provider 813. When the local call arrives at a switch at Competitive Access Provider 813, the switch from the Competitive Access Provider 813 accesses local universal database 841 with the dialed number (NPA-NXX-XXXX) and receives in response the identity or identities of the carrier(s) and end office(s) of the local carrier serving the called customer. The Competitive Access Provider then routes the call via the preferred carrier which may be local exchange carrier 811 or Cable TV provider 815. Note that in the particular case where illustrated in the diagram wherein called customer 803 has access to all three carriers, the call can be routed via a non-preferred carrier if access via the preferred terminating carrier is blocked. In order to provide revenue to the carrier that actually processed the call, the identity of the originating and terminating local carrier are provided either explicitly to the call detail record or implicitly because the record is made by a particular carrier.
While in the preferred embodiment, the interexchange carrier accesses the national database, the originating carrier can alternatively be arranged to access that database and forward the identity of the terminating carrier(s) and switch(es) to the interexchange carrier.
For a local operator assistance call, the local carrier determines that the call is a local operator call and sends the call to a local operator assistance system which may be part of the calling party's local carrier network, or in another local network (operator systems can serve multiple local networks). The originating local carrier is identified to the operator system either by incoming trunk information or signaling. The operator system performs the requested operator service and then queries the LUDB to get the terminating carrier and terminating switch. It routes the call to the terminating carrier, passing the carrier and switch identification. The operator system makes a call detail record that includes both the originating and terminating, carrier and switch, identifications.
For a toll operator call, the local carrier determines that the call is a toll operator call and sends the call to the subscribed or dialed toll carrier operator system. The originating local carrier is identified to the toll operator assistance system either by incoming trunk information or signaling. The operator system performs the requested operator service and routes the call to a toll ingress switch. >From here, routing is the same as a toll call--the ingress toll switch queries the NUDB, etc. When the toll call is successfully routed, the terminating carrier and switch identifications are signaled in the backwards direction to the operator system to be included in the call detail record.
Essential to the implementation of Local Number Portability (LNP) is the ability to associate a network destination with a ported dialed number. This information, identified as a Location Routing Number or LRN, will necessarily indicate the specific switching entity which serves the called party and, therefore, to which the call must be routed. Clearly, the LRN will be the key element in the LNP database.
An LRN must be selected for each switching entity which terminates subscriber lines. Although LNP, and in particular, the use of an LRN will significantly impact call processing in all networks, the format of the LRN can be selected to minimize the required network changes. Specifically, it would be desirable if the use of the LRN:
allowed the continued use of current network routing methods
permitted the use of existing signaling protocols
avoided the need for new technical standards
Any number of formats might be considered for use as an LRN. For example, a simple 5 digit numeric code would allow the unique identity of up to 100,000 end offices. Alternatively, the code could be designed to include routing information indicating, for example, a region of the country in which the end office was located; or the code could be designed to include the identity of the local service provider. All of these suggestions, however, fail to satisfy the most important of the above mentioned criteria--the need to retain the current routing algorithms in all network switches. Today, routing is based upon the geographic information contained in North American Numbering Plan (NANP) numbers--specifically the first six digits of those numbers or NPA-NXX. Accordingly, the use of an LRN in a format other than NPA-NXX would create the need to develop routing based upon the new code. It appears appropriate, therefore, that the LRN retain the format of the numbering plan used to identify end offices today; that is, NPA-NXX.
In accordance with applicants' teachings, a unique LRN, in the form of NPA-NXX, is assigned to each switching entity which terminates subscriber lines. The LRNs are assigned by a code administrator, likely the same administrator responsible for local number administration. Existing end offices which are presently associated with one or more NPA-NXXs, would select one of the NPA-NXXs currently assigned to the office as the LRN. Local service providers establishing new switching entities would, naturally, request and receive an LRN from the administrator. An LRN need not contain the NPA-NXX code of any customer served by the switch identified by the LRN.
To avoid routing complexities it is important that an LRN assigned to any end office not be an NPA-NXX assigned to any other end office. For example, consider a large end office which currently uses four NPA-NXXs to identify customers served from that office. One of the four NPA-NXXs would be selected as the LRN for that office. The LRN for any other end office should not be selected from any of the three (non-LRN) codes assigned to the existing end office. This constraint eliminates the need to establish separate routing tables--or domains--to distinguish routing based upon LRNs--for those dialed numbers that have been ported--from routing based on the dialed number for those numbers that have not been ported. Rather, routing tables as they exist today, would be used to effect call completion. Finally, it is assumed that information associated with LRNs, such as service provider name, common location language identifier (CLLI) code, tandem routes, vertical and horizontal graphics coordinates, etc., would be added to the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG).
Equally important in the selection and use of an LRN is its compatibility with the existing signaling methods used to transmit the necessary address information required for proper call completion. Signaling messages are necessary to provide this information either directly to the terminating switch or to an intermediate or tandem office. It will be necessary to carry both the LRN as well as the dialed number (DN) along the signaling path. The LRN is clearly required for call routing and the DN is needed by the serving end office to effect the connection to the loop assigned to the called party. The following describes the methodology through which existing signaling methods can be used to forward this information.
Typically, signaling information is carried over a dedicated, common channel signaling network using the SS7 protocol. Call set-up is effected using an initial address message (IAM) which contains several parameters, each containing specific information related to the call. This signaling method is used to provide call completion in a number portable environment by simply modifying the use of existing parameters. Although the modification of the use of these parameters requires industry agreement on the addition of new codes to existing signaling parameters, it should not involve the more complex and time consuming exercise of establishing and implementing the use of an entirely new signaling parameter within the SS7 message.
Specifically, the SS7 IAM parameters that are involved are the called party number (CdPN) parameter and the Generic Address Parameter (GAP). Today, for non-featured calls the CdPN parameter is populated with the DN and call routing is performed using this number. (A non-featured call is one whose dialed directory number is used for routing the call, in contrast, for example, to 800 calls wherein the dialed number cannot be used directly for routing.) The GAP is an optional parameter designated to transport a "user provided number" and is currently used in only a few instances. It is proposed that when a ported call is processed and an LRN is received as a response from an LNP database, the LRN is populated in the CdPN parameter of the IAM. It is further proposed that the DN be transmitted in the GAP. The contents of the CdPN parameter (the LRN) will be used as necessary to route the call. Because the information is in the NPA-NXX format, routing should proceed without change. At the terminating end office the 6 digit format of the LRN can be identified by the switch to indicate a call for completion to a ported number. With that identification, the switch can be instructed to locate the number originally dialed--and necessary to identify the called party--in the GAP.
FIG. 9 illustrates the operation of applicant's invention with respect to the use of a location routing number. Telephones 901, 902, and 903 are connected to end offices 911, 912, and 913, respectively. End offices 911, and 912 are in the same local region, whereas, end office 913 is connected to end offices 911, and 912 via trunks interconnecting interexchange carrier offices 920 and 921. Access tandems 915 and 916 are used for accessing the interexchange carrier and for interconnecting the end offices to databases as shown as local universal database 951 and a national universal database 952. For each end office, a set of office codes served by that office is shown. The particular office code which is also used as the location routing number is shown in parentheses.
In the particular example shown, telephone station 415-887-1234 is connected to end office 912 having location routing number 415-267. End office 911 serves the bulk of the telephones having telephone numbers in the 415-887 office code. When telephone 901 calls telephone 902 having telephone number 415-887-1234, a check is made in local universal database 951, table 930, and an entry 931 is found, indicating that telephone 415-887-1234 is served by an end office identified by location routing number 415-267, i.e., end office 912. If no entry had been found for telephone 415-887-1234, then the call would have been routed using the 415-887 code to end office 911.
If telephone 901 calls telephone 903 having telephone number 201-334-9876, such a call is identified as being an inter-LATA (interlocal access transport area) routed to an interexchange carrier which accesses a national universal database in order to find the identity of the switch serving the terminating telephone. It is necessary to identify this switch in order to route via an exchange carrier that serves the identified switch. The national universal database 952 has an entry 942 in table 940 for telephone number 201-334-9876 and that entry indicates that the location routing number of the terminating end office is 201-789. If no entry had been found, then the 201-334 office code would have been used to route the call to end office 914 which serves the bulk of the 201-334 office code traffic.
Note that the databases need only store data for the numbers that are not served by the local switches serving the bulk of the numbers of a particular office code. Data need only be stored for the numbers of customers who have moved from such a switch to another.
Consider the toll call associated with FIG. 9 in more detail.
1. An interLATA call is generated by an end user in California to a called party in New Jersey. The dialed number is (201) 334-9876.
2. The call is recognized by the originating end office as an interLATA call and the call is forwarded to the presubscribed interexchange carrier (IC).
3. Although the IC could test to identify the DN at either the originating or terminating switch in its network assume the identification is performed at the originating IC switch. Specifically, the first 6 digits (201-334) of the DN are analyzed and identified as a potentially ported number.
4. Database query is launched to the appropriate NUDB database with the DN (201) 334-9876.
5. Because the number has been ported, the response from the NUDB database includes the LRN (201-789).
6. The call is routed based upon the LRN and the originating IC switch formulates an SS7 IAM (initial address message).
7. The CdPN parameter is populated with the LRN (201-789) and the DN (201) 334-9876 is inserted in the GAP.
8. The terminating IC switch routes the call based upon the LRN and generates a signaling message to the designated end office.
9. If the terminating end office is SS7 and "LNP capable" (LNP=Local Number Portability) (i.e. capable of recognizing the modified signaling message):
End office checks contents of CdPN parameter, recognizes the 6 digit format and identifies the call as an "LNP" call.
End office uses the information in the GAP (the DN) to route the call to the appropriate subscriber loop.
10. If the terminating end office is not LNP capable, the (n-1)st switch (i.e., the switch transmitting the signaling message) must format the signaling message so that the DN is contained in the CdPN parameter.
11. Similarly, if the EO is not SS7 compatible, the DN will be forwarded using in-band (MF) signaling.
12. If the dialed number has not been ported, the call is routed and signaling generated in the normal manner.
The dialed number is populated in the CdPN parameter
The GAP is not used
The call is routed based upon the DN contained in the CdPN parameter.
In some cases, an end office switch may serve more than one carrier, with different sets of customers, associated with different sets, telephone numbers, being served by different carriers. Under these circumstances, different trunk groups are likely to be used for the calls of the different carriers. The routing arrangement must be capable of selecting these carriers. Therefore, it is necessary to have the translations in the LUDB 951 and NUDB 952 augmented with the identities of the trunk groups or a routing index for finding such trunk groups. As shown in FIG. 5, such carriers must be identified for routing and entered in billing records.
It is to be understood that the above description is only of one preferred embodiment of the invention. Numerous other arrangements may be devised by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is thus limited only as defined in the accompanying claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
Is Rita Ora Dating Rob Kardashian?
The Reality Star Has Fuelled Rumours After Declaring His Love On Twitter...
He may have been voted out on US show 'Dancing With The Stars' but it looks like Rob Kardashian may finally have something to dance about - a new romance with Brit singer Rita Ora.
The reality star was snapped with her after he flew to London to congratulate the artist on her new hit 'R.I.P' which reached the top of the UK singles list.
''@Ritaora: WERE OFFICIALLY NUMBER1!!!!!! THANK YOU EVERYONE!!!!!! #RIPNUM1'' you did it. I love you and you're my wife,'' Rob tweeted.
The 25 year-old was then spotted with the 'Roc Nation' singer at nightclub Whisky Mist, where Rita was given a Thornton's chocolate champagne bottle with 'R.I.P#1' iced on it.
''That's my baby!' Rob wrote in the caption of the picture that he posted on Twitter.
So will Rita be appearing alongside Kim, Khloe and Kourtney Kardashian on the next episode of 'Keeping Up With The Kardashians?' We can only hope!
Written by Jennifer Fletcher


text:
Originally written on Football Nation | Last updated 10/16/12
Seattle's surprising win over the New England Patriots left the Seahawks at 4-2 and tied with the 49ers at the top of the suddenly formidable NFC West. Meanwhile, New England, a heavy favorite to win its tenth division title in the last 12 years, finds itself unexpectedly in a four-way tie atop the AFC East. Here's what we learned:1. New England's Secondary Needs OverhaulIts been no secret that the Patriots defensive backfield is the Achilles Heal of this team, but Sunday's performance may have been among the most discouraging in recent years. Seattle rookie QB Russell Wilson, who came into the game with a less than stellar QB rating of 75.2, torched New England for 293 yards through the air with 2 TD passes against zero interceptions, good for a QB rating of 133.7. There was hope in Foxborough that CB Devin McCourty, after a disappointing sophomore campaign, would return to the form that made him Defensive Rookie of the Year season in 2010. Unfortunately for New England, McCourty...
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text:
Cross Country heads to Riverside for Big West Conference Championships
Oct. 25, 2012
The women's 6,000-meter race will begin at 8:45 a.m. and will be followed by the men's 8K run at 9:30 a.m. This is the fifth consecutive year the Highlanders have hosted the event.
Last year, the 49er women finished in second-place with 61 points, edging out UC Santa Barbara by one point. On the men's side, LBSU placed third with 69 points, finishing just one point behind UC Santa Barbara in second.
Alisia Barajas, Jessica Barnard, Madison D'Ornellas, Prism Garcia, Taylor Goto, Catherine Martinez, Nina Moore, Michelle Thompson and Alexis Trujillo will represent the 49er women's team, while Tim Bergstrom, Chris Enriquez, Bret Hasvold, Gabe Hilbert, Jared Long, Chris Low and Arturo Trejo will represent the men's team.
"Our teams are excited and ready for the conference championship meet," distance coach Patrick Wales-Dinan. "We have been preparing for this all year and are ready to show our fitness against some very high level competition. Both the men's and women's squads are very familiar with the great course at Riverside and will be ready to execute a patient and smart race plan."
All the action can be seen live as the Big West Conference provides free, live streaming video from the Big West Cross Country Championship for the first time. From the beginning of the races through the finish lines and on to the awards platform, the live stream will provide new access to the championships for fans.
The broadcast will be available on the Big West Cross Country Championships page beginning at 8:15 a.m. PT on Championship Saturday and will follow the race leaders through the course. Produced utilizing technology from StreamCell and UStream, the broadcast will also be available on mobile devices and via the UStream iOS or Android apps on the Big West Conference UStream channel.
Shop for 49ers Gear
at the Long Beach


text:
2010 Illinois Softball
Nevada vs Illinois
Feb 21, 2010 at Stanford, Calif. (Smith Family Stadium)
Score by Innings R H E
Nevada.............. 000 031 0 - 4 3 3
Illinois............ 310 012 X - 7 11 4
Umpires - HP: Edward Cooper 1B: Calvin Walker 3B: Ken Buchmiller
Start: 9 a.m. Time: 2:20 Attendance: 160
Weather: cloudy
2010 Illinois Softball
Nevada vs Illinois
Feb 21, 2010 at Stanford, Calif. (Smith Family Stadium)
Nevada starters: 15/c Micka, N.; 13/cf Puzey, S.; 7/3b Bias, S.; 22/rf Murdock,
B.; 77/1b Starr, K.; 1/dp Fincher, M.; 20/ss Patrick, D.; 8/lf Nims, A.; 3/2b
Barilli, C.; 6/p Holverson, K;
Illinois starters: 6/2b Zymkowitz, D; 1/lf Howell, H.; 31/rf Pinchback, H; 10/c
Gallien, A.; 7/ss Davis, J.; 28/3b Wedel, K.; 9/1b Hackett, M.; 0/cf Conrad,
A.; 14/dp Vaji, D.; 55/p Perry, M.;
Nevada 1st - Micka, N. walked (3-1 KBBBB). Puzey, S.
struck out looking (2-2 BBKKK). Bias, S. struck out swinging (3-2 FBBSBS).
Murdock, B. struck out swinging (2-2 KBSBS). 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1
Illinois 1st - Zymkowitz, D reached on a fielding
error by ss (1-2 KBF). Howell, H. doubled to left field, RBI (0-0); Zymkowitz,
D scored, unearned. Pinchback, H tripled to left field, RBI (1-1 BK); Howell,
H. scored. Gallien, A. lined out to 1b (1-2 BSK). Davis, J. flied out to cf,
SAC, RBI (2-1 BFB); Pinchback, H scored. Wedel, K. fouled out to c (0-0).
3 runs, 2 hits, 1 error, 0 LOB.
Nevada 2nd - Lastrapes, L pinch hit for Puzey, S..
Nims, A. to cf. Starr, K. flied out to rf (1-2 KKB). Fincher, M. struck out
swinging (1-2 BKSS). Patrick, D. fouled out to c (1-2 FFBF). 0 runs, 0
hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
Illinois 2nd - Lastrapes, L to lf. Hackett, M.
grounded out to 2b (1-0 B). Conrad, A. struck out looking (1-2 FFBFK). Vaji, D.
walked (3-0 BBBB). Zymkowitz, D singled to shortstop (1-1 BS); Vaji, D.
advanced to second. Howell, H. singled, advanced to second on a throwing error
by ss (2-1 BBK); Zymkowitz, D advanced to third; Vaji, D. scored, unearned.
Pinchback, H struck out swinging, out at first c to 1b (0-2 KFFFS). 1
run, 2 hits, 1 error, 2 LOB.
Nevada 3rd - Nims, A. reached on an error by ss
(0-0). Barilli, C. out at first 3b to 2b, SAC, bunt (0-1 K); Nims, A. advanced
to third. Micka, N. grounded out to 2b (0-1 F). Lastrapes, L flied out to rf
(1-0 B). 0 runs, 0 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB.
Illinois 3rd - Gallien, A. grounded out to ss (1-2
SFBF). Davis, J. grounded out to 3b (2-0 BB). Wedel, K. popped up to ss (0-0).
0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
Nevada 4th - Bias, S. popped up to 2b (1-0 B).
Murdock, B. walked (3-2 SKBBBB). Starr, K. struck out looking (3-2 KBBSFBK);
Murdock, B. stole second. Fincher, M. struck out swinging (1-2 SBKS). 0
runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Illinois 4th - Hackett, M. grounded out to 2b (0-0).
Conrad, A. fouled out to 1b (2-2 KFFFBFFB). Vaji, D. singled to third base
(0-0). Zymkowitz, D singled to second base (2-1 BBF); Vaji, D. advanced to
second. Howell, H. grounded out to ss (0-0). 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2
Nevada 5th - Patrick, D. homered to right field, RBI
(2-2 FFBB). Nims, A. walked (3-1 BBKBB). Barilli, C. lined out to 3b (0-0).
Micka, N. reached on an error by 1b (1-2 BKK); Nims, A. advanced to third.
Lastrapes, L reached on an error by 3b; Micka, N. advanced to second. Bias, S.
popped up to 2b (1-2 BFS). Murdock, B. hit by pitch, RBI (1-0 B); Lastrapes, L
advanced to second; Micka, N. advanced to third; Nims, A. scored, unearned.
Murdock, B. advanced to second on a wild pitch; Lastrapes, L advanced to third
on a wild pitch; Micka, N. scored on a wild pitch, unearned. Starr, K. walked
(3-2 KBSBBFB). Gay, P. to p for Perry, M.. Fincher, M. struck out looking (1-2
KFBK). 3 runs, 1 hit, 2 errors, 3 LOB.
Illinois 5th - Pinchback, H singled up the middle
(1-0 B). Simpson, N. pinch ran for Pinchback, H. Gallien, A. hit by pitch (0-2
FF); Simpson, N. advanced to second. Lutes, K. pinch ran for Gallien, A..
Davis, J. reached on a fielding error by 3b (3-2 KFBFFFBFFB); Lutes, K.
advanced to second; Simpson, N. advanced to third. Wedel, K. reached on a
fielder's choice (0-2 KFF); Davis, J. advanced to second; Lutes, K. advanced to
third; Simpson, N. out at home 3b to c. Hackett, M. singled to left field, RBI
(2-1 FBB); Wedel, K. advanced to second; Davis, J. advanced to third; Lutes, K.
scored. Behrens, B. pinch ran for Hackett, M.. Conrad, A. grounded into double
play p to c to 1b (3-2 FBFBBF); Davis, J. out on the play. 1 run, 2 hits,
1 error, 2 LOB.
Nevada 6th - Pinchback, H to rf for Simpson, N..
Gallien, A. to c for Lutes, K.. Hackett, M. to 1b for Behrens, B.. Patrick, D.
reached on a fielding error by 3b (1-1 BK). Nims, A. doubled down the lf line
(1-1 KB); Patrick, D. advanced to third. Haight, J. pinch hit for Barilli, C..
Haight, J. struck out swinging (1-2 KFFBS). Micka, N. grounded out to ss, RBI
(1-2 KKB); Nims, A. advanced to third; Patrick, D. scored, unearned. Lastrapes,
L grounded out to p (3-1 BBFB). 1 run, 1 hit, 1 error, 1 LOB.
Illinois 6th - Barilli, C. to 2b for Haight, J..
Vaji, D. singled to center field (2-1 BFB). Vaji, D. advanced to second on a
wild pitch. Zymkowitz, D struck out swinging (1-2 SFBFS). Howell, H. singled up
the middle, advanced to second (1-1 BK); Vaji, D. advanced to third. Pinchback,
H reached on a fielder's choice, RBI (0-0); Howell, H. advanced to third; Vaji,
D. scored. Gallien, A. singled through the left side, RBI (0-1 F); Pinchback, H
advanced to second; Howell, H. scored. Davis, J. popped up to ss (3-2 FFBBB).
Wedel, K. struck out looking (1-2 BFFFK). 2 runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 2
Nevada 7th - Bias, S. grounded out to 2b (0-0).
Murdock, B. grounded out to 1b unassisted (2-1 BKB). Starr, K. singled up the
middle (1-2 SBK). Fincher, M. struck out swinging (2-2 SBBKS). 0 runs, 1
hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Illinois 7, Nevada 4 (Feb 21, 2010 at Stanford, Calif.)
Nevada.............. 000 031 0 - 4 3 3 (3-4)
Illinois............ 310 012 X - 7 11 4 (9-1)
Pitchers: Nevada - Holverson, K and Micka, N.. Illinois - Perry, Monica; Gay, Pepper(5) and
Gallien, Audrey.
Win-Perry, Monica(5-1) Save-Gay, Pepper(1) Loss-Holverson, K(1-3) T-2:20 A-160
HR NEV - Patrick, D..
Weather: cloudy


text:
Nyala — About 3,392 families arrived at Kalma camp near South Darfur's capital, after clashes erupted last week between the Fur and Tarjam tribes in El Salam locality. Reports state the families are living in "inhuman conditions".
Speaking to Radio Dabanga, Hussein Abu Sharati, spokesman for the displaced, said that about 3,392 families arrived at the camp from the villages of Karkara, Dembo Dembo, Miro Kabar, Dalil, Rouda and Bulbul Dalal al Angara and Gissat Jamet.
The families arrived in three batches, the spokesman explained and described the humanitarian conditions as "very bad" as they are living without shelter and food, without any assistance from humanitarian aid organizations.
Abu Sharati revealed to Radio Dabanga that the authorities prevented a number of refugees from entering Nyala upon their arrival.
At the same time, the spokesman announced that the total number of new arrivals at Kalma camp from the areas and villages south and east of Nyala, Labado and Muhajeriya amounts to 41,441 families.
Abu Sharati appealed to humanitarian aid organizations and the international community to provide support and assistance to the camp as soon as possible.
Related: 75,000 arriving in Darfur camp suffer 'inhuman conditions' (3 May 2013)
Health fears as Darfur camp receives 1,000 new displaced families (2 May 2013)


text:
Mini Golf'Oid FreeAdd to My Apps
|Arcade & Action
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|Google Rating
This a funny and addictive mini golf game.Swipe your finger to shot the ball, use shortcuts to reach the hole faster, but be careful at traps and other hazards !No rocket science in this game, but only the desire to get some good time with a pure mini golf game. Mini Golf'Oid does not try to be 100% realistic but instead focuses on the pleasure to play varied courses.Thanks to the built-in course designer, you can even create, play and share your own courses ! Beside playing Mini Golf'Oid original courses, you can also browse hundreds of community contributed maps. Endless fun guaranted !Mini Golf'Oid comes with several play mode:- play individual courses and compare yourself to other player through online scores- play challenges against other player- or enter tournaments and win the grand prizeAnd finally try to collect as most achievements as possible while playing courses in all modes.Each time you make a great par, win a challenge, finish in the top 3 in a tournament or unlock some achievement, you win coins. And thank to these coins new courses can be unlocked. So Don't forget to practice a bit to be sure to win coins !Stay up to date with new features and give your opinion on the facebook page: http://goo.gl/fskKC.The READ_PHONE_STATE permission is only needed to get a unique player id.This version is ad supported but you may want to try the pro version which has no ad, more built-in courses and unlimited access to the course designer. More courses can be downloaded later in this version too.Have fun with Mini Golf'Oid.


text:
Hotels in 04747 - Island Falls ME
Only hotels in 04747 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Island Falls, ME for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 04747 hotels and motels so you can review the Island Falls hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Aroostook county and area code 207 are also listed.
04747 Hotels & Accommodations
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text:
The All New LIQUID COOLED R1200GS threadfest
View Single Post
because I can
Joined: Sep 2010
Location: San Francisco Bay area
Oddometer: 9,116
All interesting takes. I wanted to go on record that I love technology when it works for me. Water cooling for example, HUGE step forward on two strokes!! Except for vintage's sake, I couldn't see myself NOT riding a water cooled two stroke. CRF's and the like? Same story I think but I expect a rocket ship to take off like a rocket ship! On the other hand, I love riding slow bikes fast on the street because you are on the street and what else can you do if you want to live and/or keep your license but dirt bikes in general and two strokes in general are a different story. They have performance I expect to use!
Water cooled four stroke street bikes? Most all of them are hotter than hell to ride in the heat for a lot of reasons that I rarely get into. YZF? I wouldn't have them air cooled. KLR? I would rather have an air cooled DR.
I am not asking anyone to agree with me but I do hope you get an understanding of where I am coming from.
supershaft screwed with this post 03-30-2011 at
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Needham, MA (PRWEB) January 08, 2013
Ten local organizations were surprised with donations of $1,000 each last week as Fairway Independent Mortgage(Needham) celebrated the holidays by giving back to the community.
In lieu of employee holiday gifts and bonuses, Branch Manager Amy Tierce gave a donation of $1,000 to the charity of choice for each individual loan officer. "Giving back is an important part of our commitment to housing families and building communities, and this has become a welcome annual tradition for us."
Donations are directed specifically to community based organizations where Fairway employees live with the goal being to have a greater impact on vital local service providers that often struggle to make ends meet.
Among the community based organizations receiving donations were:
In addition to these holiday donations, the branch has also provided support throughout the year for organizations working on housing related issues including: The Nazareth House in Roxbury, HomeStart Inc. Boston, ReBuilding Together Boston, along with donations to the Greater Boston Food Bank, Lupus Foundation of New England, Special Olympics of MA, MMBA Foundation, and the Cambridge Community of Realtors.
Fairway Independent Mortgage is located in Needham, MA, and is a branch of Fairway Independent Mortgage Corporation, one of the top 15 lenders in the country. Fairway's Needham office was started by Amy Tierce in 2006 and has grown to 29 employs including a satellite branch in Holden, MA. The Needham branch closed 400 million in loans in 2012 and has been the top producing Fairway branch nationwide for the last five years. We work with the top national and regional investors to provide our customers the best home loan rates and programs available, while still offering personal care to meet individual needs. To reach the Needham office, call 781-719-4664 or visit http://www.fairwayne.com.


text:
Josh, have seen him on Ebay, but i have never thought that you want him!
I just won this "Modern" Stetson Gun Club.
Stetson Gun Club
I usually never buy modern hats, but I just love this one. It has a wide rolled and unbound brim. The crown creased measures 5 1/2 and looks fairly tall in the pics. I would bet its a 6 inch crown. The proportions are just right for a vintage western conversion. The only thing this hat is having done to it is a new crease and the removal of that horrible feather ribbon. I am going to make this hat a replica of Lefty's former Chamois Thin Ribbon.
"For all we know this may only be a dream. We come and go like a ripple on a stream. So love me tonight; tomorrow was made for some. Tomorrow may never come, for all we know." (Nat King Cole)
Josh, have seen him on Ebay, but i have never thought that you want him!
This looks to be a perfect 100 with box - and a pretty impressive price at that size.
The same size Whippet didn't command nearly as much.
Yes, the 100 is nice. Until the very end of the auction it looked as though it would be a bargain for someone.
As it is, HatsEnough had to pay a fair amount for it.
I looked at the Whippet too - was rather put off by the fact a previous owner seemed to have suffered a bad head wound while wearing the hat.
David - 21st Century Man
We don't see many early 1950s one hundreds. Should be a nice hat.
Behind every great man is woman rolling her eyes.
Jim Carrey
Just scored a pair of Col. Littleton hats- I guess I am set for life now!
...I knew I'd never say that with a straight face!
"The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men.
Blessed is he who, in the name of charity and good will, shepherds the weak through the valley of the darkness,
for he is truly his brother's keeper and the finder of lost children."
-Jules Winnfield
That's a nice-looking Gun Club Josh, I pondered that one myself. I think it will make a good vintage replica. I reaaallllly like the feather band, though!
You can have my girl, but don't touch my hat!
Lyle Lovett


text:
|Home > Nation Archive
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Speed Kills drive in Dubai for next 37 days
Amira Agarib / 25 November 2011
DUBAI - The Dubai Police on Thursday launched once again the Speed Kills campaign which aims to reduce road fatalities in the emirate.
During the campaign which will continue for 37 days, the police will intensify patrolling, especially on roads that witness a high rate of fatal accidents, particularly highways . The police aim to increase awareness among the public, as lectures and seminars will be organised at government and private schools and other institutions.
Major-General Mohammed Saif Al Zafin, Director of the General Department of Traffic, said the 'Speed Kills' campaign, which was carried out several times in the past by the police, had reduced death rate in road accidents by 50 per cent.
The police have installed radars in various parts of the emirate to catch motorists who flout traffic rules. The speed radars had found 201 motorists exceeding the speed limit by more than 60kph during the last campaign held this year. Maj-Gen Al Zafin said during the campaign, the police would take strict action against law violators. The drivers who are found to be committing offences like speeding would be stopped and their vehicles impounded for 30 days. The drivers would be fined Dh1,000 and 12 black points would be recorded against their names.
"The Dubai Police have chalked out a strategy to reduce traffic accidents to zero per 100,000 population by 2020. I recommend reducing the speed limits on some roads and start fining people if they go beyond 110 kph instead of 120kph on roads where the speed limit is 100 kph. I also recommend that fastening the seat belts must be made mandatory for passengers sitting in the back seats also," Maj-Gen Al Zafin said.
Major-General Khamis Mattar Al Mazeina, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Dubai Police who attended the luncheon held to announce the campaign, said, "Speed is the most dangerous factor that causes deaths and we have to educate people, especially youth, about the harmful effects of speeding.
"People can protect the lives of them as well as others, as speeding is a personal choice. People can avoid accidents by choosing to reduce speed."
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Bankruptcy of Our Nation (Revised and Expanded): Your Financial Survival Guide - eBook
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ChristianBook eBooks on the Sony Reader
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Without using ADE, the Sony Reader will attempt to open eBooks with its own software, the Reader Library, and you may receive an error message.
To bypass the Sony Reader Library, return to the eBook portion of 'My Account' on our site, and click to download the eBook again.
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Right-click on the URLLINK file, then select 'Open With' and choose Adobe Digital Editions.
If Adobe Digital Editions is not in the list, click 'Choose Default Program' and then select Adobe Digital Editions from the list.
Your eBook will open and display in ADE.
Plug in your Sony Reader, which will now display its model number and not just as Sony Reader.
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"It's no secret that the U.S. national debt is in the tens of trillions. But did you know that America also has future unfunded obligations of over $118 trillion? Unfortunately, America's politicians have no plan to solve our mounting fiscal and monetary crisis.
But you don't have to watch this unfold in fear of your financial future.
The time for debate is over... It's time to prepare!
In this revised and expanded release of Bankruptcy of Our Nation, Jerry Robinson offers you the ultimate financial survival guide. Robinson, an Austrian economist, columnist, and radio host, is featured weekly on Worldnetdaily.com, quoted by USA Today, has appeared on Fox News, and has written columns for Townhall and FinancialSense. Allow him to guide you with details of the
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Jerry Robinson is the president and founder of Jerry Robinson Ministries International (JRMI), a Christian ministry that "challenges believers to think and thinkers to believe." He holds a degree in economics from the University of Tulsa and is a conference speaker, columnist, and economic consultant sharing cutting-edge insights on geopolitical, economic and cultural trends and how they relate to the Church.
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Forests.org, a project of EcoInternet
April 18, 2007
Indigenous people living in tropical rainforests in Malaysia and Guyana are
stepping up the global campaign against the Samling group, one of Malaysia's
leading timber companies, and gravest threat to rainforests and their
inhabitants worldwide. The Samling Group holds 1.6 million hectares of tropical
rainforest concessions in Guyana and 1.4 million hectares in the Malaysian state
of Sarawak. On the recent occasion of its public listing at the Hong Kong stock
exchange, 37 organizations from 18 countries asked investors and banks to shun
the company for its failure to comply with basic environmental and social
standards. Samling and the Malaysian government are leaders in the destruction
of he Earth's rainforests and must be stopped.
In Malaysia, nomadic and semi-nomadic Penan communities living on the Limbang
river in the North of the state of Sarawak have launched an appeal to the
international public urging Credit Suisse, HSBC and Macquarie Securities, the
three banks who have sponsored Samling´s recent public listing, to stop
supporting the timber giant. "Samling is destroying our last remaining
rainforest in the Upper Limbang", headman Awing Tubai said on behalf of the
Penan communities. "We need clean water for drinking and fishing and intact
forests where we can gather our food and other forest products."
Meanwhile, other Penan communities from the Upper Baram region of Sarawak report
renewed police action on their native lands. Officers of the Sarawak Forestry
Corporation and a special police force unit removed a long-standing Penan
logging road blockade near Long Benali, a community located at a strategic entry
point to one of Sarawak's last contiguous primary rainforest areas. Timber
company workers of Samling were present at the site, as the Malaysian government
and police did their bidding to open new rainforests to industrial logging. The
police action took place in an area "certified" by the Malaysian Timber
Certification Council.
In the South American state of Guyana, the Akawini Amerindian Village has asked
the Government to help end an agreement with a Samling-subsidiary. Their council
has said that the villagers were threatened with court action unless they signed
an agreement allowing logging on their lands by Guyanese Samling subsidiary
Barama Co. Ltd. "As soon as the agreement was signed we saw heavy duty machinery
such as bulldozers, logging trucks and excavators come onto our village lands."
The Amerindians fear the destruction and loss of their forest resources through
the Samling subsidiary's activities that they were coerced into approving.
Barama's Forest Stewardship Council certification partially paid for by
WWF on 570,000 hectares of tropical forest was suspended because of
such landowner swindles in the Northwest Region of Guyana, further making a
mockery of "certification" of sustainable ancient rainforest logging.
Please send the email below targeting the banks funding Samling; Credit Suisse,
HSBC and Macquaries Securities Ltd., asking them for a public statement to
withdraw their support to Samling and refund of IPO profits. Let these
rainforest destroying banks, Malaysian tourism and business, and Malaysian
government know that globally all remaining large and intact rainforests must be
permanently protected from industrial development; and they can expect boycotts
and further protests should the barbarous Malaysian industrial timber industry
not be disbanded.
Your message is going to
recipients. You
may receive out of office or other emailed replies from protest email recipients.
Message Title - please edit title and personalize message below (no URLs)
Please return profits from Samling's rain forest destruction
Your Message:
Dear Credit Suisse, HSBC and Macquarie Securities,
I am deeply troubled by your banks' recent profits from the IPO of Malaysian Samling Group -- infamous for their terrible rainforest destruction and abuse of indigenous peoples. I would remind you of your obligations under the Equator Principles to uphold the standards of the International Finance Corporation with regard to the companies with whom you do business.
We demand that each of you terminate your business relationship with Samling and refund your profits made from the IPO to the indigenous communities whose lives were decimated by Samling and various closely associated companies in the past in Cambodia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Guyana.
These funds must be returned to allow traditional rainforest inhabitants ravaged by Samling to protect their remaining intact forests, repair extensive past environmental damage; and pursue sustainable development, whereby they can continue their traditional lifestyle and keep living in their forests, while legally securing recognition of their land rights.
A Swiss newspaper (Sonntagszeitung) has calculated that Credit Suisse alone earned $USD10 million from the Samling IPO. Your banks have shown yourself to be as equally morally and ethically bereft as Samling by profiting from local and global ecological damage as well as vast human suffering. These actions are certifiably evil.
Intact, industrially undisturbed ancient rainforests are a requirement for global ecological sustainability; maintaining biodiversity, land productivity, global climate and water supplies. The Age of Ancient Forest Logging is over -- there is no such thing as sustainably logging ancient forests - and your companies will pay a major price if you do not discontinue funding for Samling's rainforest destruction.
Globally all remaining large and intact rainforests must be permanently protected from industrial development -- whether falsely certified as "sustainable" or not. Your banks, Malaysian tourism and business, and the Malaysian government can expect boycotts and further protests should the barbarous Malaysian timber industry not be defunded and disbanded.
With grave concern,
bcc: YOU
us know immediately if you are having difficulties sending the alert
1/7 - How an Indian Politician Became an Environmental Hawk | Photo, Yale Environment 360
1/7 - Heathrow expansion risks deepening London's air pollution crisis | Photo, Guardian
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text:
Info & Phones News Reviews › Forum
Top message: To those anticipating the 4G iPhone by Amarantamin
Replying to: You need reading glasses, sir! by This_Troper
Re: Riiiiight- by that logic
This_Troper said:
There's a "4", and a "G". This means it will be a "4G" phone! And isn't that really what matters?
If the iPhone 4G is really just a fourth Generation iPhone launched in 2010, then:
2009 == iPhone 3G
2008 == iPhone 2G
2007 == iPhone 1G
but I thought it went...
2007 == iPhone 2G
2008 == iPhone 3G
2009 == iPhone 3G S
Or where did I go wrong in my math?
Anyhow, Apple will never brand it as the 4G anyway. That's just internet hype. They will call it the iPhone HD or something most likely.
- Re: Riiiiight- by that logic by magsbrown
- I think you migth just be... by Tomdg07


text:
LUGOD members qualify to receive a 15% discount off of the Conference program
at this year's LinuxWorld Expo (taking place August 2nd-5th at the
Moscone Center in San Francisco).
If you'd like to take advantage of this offer, use the following
priority code when you register at http://www.linuxworldexpo.com/
(The offer is good until July 2nd)
Free exhibit hall passes, providing access to keynotes, presentations,
and birds-of-a-feather meetings are also available until July 2nd.
Along with all this, LUGOD is planning on having an exhibit booth at
LinuxWorld Expo once again this year. If you're interested in volunteering
at this booth, please post a message to our "vox-outreach" [*] mailing list.
For more information, see:
Finally, for those of you interested in either crashing at a location
closer to San Francisco, or carpooling from the Davis/Sacramento region,
feel free to post a message to our "vox" [*] mailing list.
Linux Users' Group of Davis
[*] http://www.lugod.org/mailinglists/
vox-announce mailing list
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
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Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


text:
History of the United States of North America (LargePrint Paperback)
|Author: John Frost
Learn more about History of the United States of North America:
Format: LargePrint Paperback Large Print
Publisher: BiblioLife
Sku: 209824026
Publish Date: 10/6/2008
Pages: 396
Age Range: NA
See more in History
|This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.


text:
Electric Daisy Carnival 2013: Party People
Saturday, June 22, 2013 | 2 years ago
Come for the music, come for the clothes -- no matter brings you to Electric Daisy Carnival, it's always a party. Here we capture some EDC-goers in their element, and man, do they look happy to be there. All photos by CuriousJosh.
See also:
- Ten Questionable T-Shirts Seen at Electric Daisy Carnival
- Five Reasons Why Electric Daisy Carnival is Completely Mind-Blowing
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text:
March 2, 2006 4:30 PM PST
Google fixes 'minor' Gmail flaw
- Related Stories
Google plugs 'obscure' phishing holesDecember 21, 2005
Google Desktop tweaked to block attackersDecember 6, 2005
Yahoo fixes Web mail security flawOctober 21, 2005
Google fixes Web site security bugOctober 10, 2005
Microsoft plugs phishing hole in Xbox siteMay 25, 2005
Gmail glitch yields access to messagesJanuary 12, 2005
The flaw could allow JavaScript code to run when viewing a message in Gmail, potentially allowing malicious code to be used by an attacker to compromise a Gmail account, according to a blogger who calls himself "Anthony."
The blogger, who claims to be a 14-year-old student, found the flaw when sending code from his Yahoo Web mail account to his Gmail account, he wrote on Wednesday. The Web log is hosted by Google's Blogger service.
Google fixed the flaw "very shortly after the initial blog post went up," a representative for the Mountain View, Calif., company said. "We learned of a minor security flaw in Gmail a little while ago and worked quickly to fix the problem, which has now been resolved," the representative said.
Because the vulnerability was fixed quickly, it likely never was exploited in any attacks, the representative said. Still, Google would have preferred to have been alerted to the flaw privately, instead of via a public blog.
"We encourage all vulnerability reporters to follow responsible disclosure practices and notify vendors first before making the vulnerability public," the representative said.
Flaws in online services are found regularly. Last December, Google fixed a security hole in the mechanism it uses to generate error pages for forbidden redirects and pages that don't exist on the Google Web site. The flaw opened the door to phishing scams, account hijacks and other attacks.
Similar flaws have been discovered and fixed in other parts of Google's Web site, as well as in Microsoft's Xbox 360 Web site and Yahoo's Web-based e-mail service.
See more CNET content tagged:
Gmail, flaw, blogger, representative, Google Inc.
4 commentsJoin the conversation! Add your comment
- 14?
- Why is a 14 year old sending java script around?
- Like Reply Link Flag
- ..why not?
- when i was 14 i began learning javascript. not exactly sure why he was sending it from one email account to the other though. it makes more sense that he was trying to find a flaw in the first place.
- Like Link Flag
- 14 years olds are more brilliant than you think
- Because they can. Remember when you were 14? :)
Kids are getting smarter and smarter these days, contrary to what the media would have you believe. One 14-year I worked with a few years ago had attained full Novell certification(Certified Novell Engineer)- on top of doing his regular high school curriculum. Yup, wrote and passed all the relevant Novell Netware exams. He became the de-facto Network Administrator for the school. Too bad he easily succumbed to peer pressure, and granted all his buddies admin privileges too.
And his peers were all 14-15 year old Linux hackers. A vendor plugged in their unix firewall appliance at the high school, and minutes later it was hacked to bits.
Just imagine - if they can do all this before even hitting puberty - how much more could they do years down the road?
- Like Link Flag