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The T-34 was a Soviet medium tank produced from 1941 to 1958. It is widely regarded as having been the world's best tank when the Soviet Union entered World War II, and although its armour and armament were surpassed by later tanks of the era, it has been often credited as the war's most effective, efficient and influential design. First produced at the KhPZ factory in Kharkov (Kharkiv, Ukraine), it was the mainstay of Soviet armoured forces throughout World War II, and widely exported afterwards. It was the most-produced tank of the war, and the second most-produced tank of all time, after its successor, the T-54/55 series. A 1996 publication showed that the T-34 was still in service with twenty-seven countries.
The T-34 was developed from the BT series of fast tanks and was intended to replace both the BT-5 and BT-7 tanks and the T-26 infantry tank in service (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:66, 111). At its introduction, it was the tank with the best balanced attributes of firepower, mobility and protection, although initially its battlefield effectiveness suffered from the unsatisfactory ergonomic layout of its crew compartment, lack of radios and poor tactical employment. The two-man turret crew arrangement required the commander to serve as the gunner, an arrangement common to most Soviet tanks of the day; this proved to be inferior to three-man (commander, gunner and loader) turret crews.
The design and construction of the tank were continuously refined during the war to improve effectiveness and decrease costs, allowing steadily greater numbers of T-34s to be fielded. In early 1944, the improved T-34-85 was introduced, with a more powerful 85 mm gun and a three-man turret design. By the war's end in 1945, the versatile and cost-effective T-34 had replaced many light and heavy tanks in service, and accounted for the majority of Soviet tank production. Its evolutionary development led directly to the T-54/55 series of tanks, built until 1981 and still operational today.
In 1937, engineer Mikhail Koshkin was assigned by the Red Army to lead a new team to design a replacement for the BT tanks, at the Kharkiv Komintern Locomotive Plant (KhPZ) in Kharkiv. The prototype tank, designated A-20, was specified with of armour, a 45 mm (1.8 in) gun, and the new model V-2 engine, using less-flammable diesel fuel. It also had an 8×6-wheel convertible drive similar to the BT tank's 8×2, which allowed it to run on wheels without caterpillar track (Zheltov 1999). This feature had greatly saved on maintenance and repair of the unreliable tank track of the early 1930s, and allowed tanks to travel over 85 km/h (53 mph) on roads, but gave no advantage in combat. By then, the designers considered it a needless waste of space and weight (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:66, 111). The A-20 also incorporated previous research (BT-IS and BT-SW-2 projects) into sloped armour: its all-round sloped armour plates were more likely to deflect anti-armour rounds than perpendicular armour.
Koshkin convinced Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to let him develop a second prototype, a more heavily armed and armoured "universal tank" which could replace both the T-26 and the BT tanks. The second prototype Koshkin named A-32, after its of frontal armour. It also had a 76.2 mm (3 in) gun, and the same model V-2 diesel engine (Zaloga 1994:5). Both were tested in field trials at Kubinka in 1939, and the heavier A-32 proved to be as mobile as the A-20. A still heavier version of the A-32 with of front armour and wider tracks was approved for production as the T-34. Koshkin chose the name after the year 1934 when he began to formulate his ideas about the new tank, and to commemorate the decree expanding the armoured force and the appointment of Sergo Ordzhonikidze to head tank production (Zaloga 1994:6).
Two prototype T-34s were completed in January 1940, and underwent a grueling 2,000-kilometre (1,250 mi) drive from Kharkiv to Moscow for a demonstration for the Kremlin leaders, to the Mannerheim Line in Finland, and back to Kharkiv via Minsk and Kiev, in April and May (Zaloga 1994:6). Some drivetrain shortcomings were identified and corrected (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983:6). Resistance from the military command and concerns about high production cost were finally overridden by anxieties about the poor performance of Soviet tanks in Finland and the effectiveness of Germany's Blitzkrieg in France, and the first production tanks were completed in September 1940, completely replacing the production of the T-26, BT, and the multi-turreted T-28 medium tank at the KhPZ. Koshkin died of pneumonia at the end of that month (exacerbated by the drive from Kharkov to Moscow), and the T-34's drivetrain developer, Alexander Morozov, was appointed Chief Designer.
The T-34 had the coil-spring Christie suspension of the BT, but dispensed with the weighty and ineffective convertible drive. It had well-sloped armour, a relatively powerful engine and wide tracks. The initial version had a 76.2 mm gun, and is often called the T-34/76 (originally a World War II German designation). In 1944 a second major version began production, the T-34-85 (or T-34/85), with a larger turret mounting a larger 85 mm gun.
The T-34 posed new challenges for Soviet industry. It was the most heavily armoured medium tank produced to that point, and subassemblies originated at several plants: Kharkov Diesel Factory No. 75 supplied the model V-2 engine, Leningrad Kirovsky Factory (former Putilov works) made the original L-11 gun, and the Dinamo Factory in Moscow produced electrical components. Tanks were initially built at KhPZ No. 183, in early 1941 at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ), and starting in July shortly after the German invasion at Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 in Gorky. There were problems with defective armour plates, however (Zaloga 1983:6). Due to a shortage of new V-2 diesel engines, the initial production run from the Gorky factory were equipped with the BT tank's MT-17 gasoline-burning aircraft engine, and inferior transmission and clutch (Zheltov 2001:40–42). Only company commanders' tanks could be fitted with radios, which were expensive and in short supply. The L-11 gun did not live up to expectations, so the Grabin design bureau at Gorky Factory No. 92 designed a superior F-34 76.2 mm gun. No bureaucrat would approve production, but Gorky and KhPZ started producing the gun anyway; official permission only came from Stalin's State Defense Committee after troops in the field sent back praise for the gun's performance (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:130).
There was political pressure from conservative elements in the army to redirect resources into building the older T-26 and BT tanks, or to cancel T-34 production pending completion of the more advanced T-34M design. This political pressure was brought to bear by the developer of the KV-1 and IS-2 tanks which were in competition with the T-34. (Political pressure between designers and factories producing different tanks to meet the same requirements continued much later post-war, including a period when the T-55, T-64, T-72, and T-80 were in concurrent production at several factories with differing political patrons on the supreme council of the USSR [Sewell 1998].) Germany's surprise attack against the Soviet Union in June 22, 1941 (Operation Barbarossa) forced the Soviet Union to freeze further development, and shift into full production of tanks.
Germany's rapid advances forced the monumental evacuation of tank factories to the Ural mountains. KhPZ was re-established around the Dzherzhinski Ural Railcar Factory in Nizhny Tagil, renamed Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183. The Kirovsky Factory was evacuated just weeks before Leningrad was surrounded, and moved with the Kharkov Diesel Factory to the Stalin Tractor Factory in Chelyabinsk, soon to be nicknamed Tankograd ('Tank City'). Voroshilov Tank Factory No. 174 from Leningrad was incorporated into the Ural Factory and the new Omsk Factory No. 174. The Ordzhonikidze Ural Heavy Machine Tool Works (UZTM) in Sverdlovsk absorbed several small factories. While these factories were being moved at record speed, the industrial complex surrounding the Stalingrad Tractor Factory produced forty percent of all T-34s (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983:13). As the factory became surrounded by heavy fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad, the situation there grew desperate: manufacturing innovations were necessitated by material shortages, and stories persist that unpainted T-34 tanks were driven out of the factory into the battlefields around it (Zaloga & Sarson 1994:23). Stalingrad kept up production until September 1942.
Barring this interruption, the only changes allowed on the production lines were to make the tanks simpler and cheaper to produce. New methods were developed for automated welding and hardening the plate, including innovations by Prof. Evgeny Paton. The design of the 76.2 mm F-34 gun Model 1941 was reduced from the earlier model's 861 parts to only 614 (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:131). Over two years, the production cost of the tank was reduced from 269,500 rubles in 1941, to 193,000, and then to 135,000 (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:131). Production time was cut in half by the end of 1942, even though most experienced factory workers had been sent to the battlefield and replaced by a workforce that included 50% women, 15% boys and 15% invalids and old men. At the same time T-34s, which had been "beautifully crafted machines with excellent exterior finish comparable or superior to those in Western Europe or America" were much more roughly finished, although mechanical reliability was not compromised (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983:17).
In 1942, a new hexagonal turret design derived from the abandoned T-34M project entered production, improving the cramped conditions, and eventually adding a commander's cupola for all-round vision. Limited rubber supplies led to the adoption of steel-rimmed road wheels, and a new clutch was added to the improved five-speed transmission and engine.
After German tanks with the superior long 75 mm (2.95 in) gun were fielded in 1942, Morozov's design bureau began a project to design an advanced T-43, aimed at increasing armour protection, while adding modern features like torsion-bar suspension and a three-man turret. The T-43 was intended to be a universal tank to replace both the T-34 and the KV-1 heavy tank, developed in direct competition with a Chelyabinsk heavy tank design bureau's KV-13 project. (Zaloga et al 1997:5)
In 1943 the Soviets encountered the new German Tiger and Panther tanks. Experience at the Battle of Kursk and reports from front-line commanders indicated that the T-34's 76.2 mm gun was now inadequate. An existing 85 mm (3.3 in) antiaircraft gun was identified which was effective against the new German tanks, and could be adapted to tank use (Russian Battlefield 1998b). Unfortunately, the T-43 prototype's heavier armour was still not proof against the Tiger's 88 mm gun, and its mobility was found to be inferior to the T-34's, even before installing a heavier 85 mm gun. Although it shared over 70% of its components with the T-34, a commitment to manufacturing it would have required a significant slow-down in production. (Zaloga et al 1997:5) In consequence the T-43 was canceled, and the Soviet command made the difficult decision to retool the factories to produce a new model of T-34 with a turret ring enlarged from 1,425 mm (56 in) to 1,600 mm (63 in), allowing a larger turret to be fitted. The T-43's turret design was hurriedly adapted by V. Kerichev at the Krasnoye Sormovo Factory to fit the T-34 (Zaloga 1984:166). The resulting new T-34-85 tank had a far superior gun and finally, a three-man turret with radio (which had previously been in the hull). Now the commander needed only to command the tank, leaving the operation of the gun to the gunner and the loader.
Overall production slowed down somewhat while the new tank started its production run. Although a T-34-85 was still not a match for a Panther, the improved firepower made it much more effective than before. The decision to improve on the existing design instead of tooling up for a new one allowed the Soviets to manufacture tanks in such numbers that the difference in capabilities could be considered insignificant. In May 1944, the Wehrmacht had only 304 Panthers operating on the Eastern Front, while the Soviets had increased T-34-85 production to 1,200 tanks per month (Zaloga et al 1997:6).
By the end of 1945, over 57,000 T-34s had been built: 34,780 original T-34 tanks in 1940–44, and another 22,559 T-34-85s in 1944–45 (The Russian Battlefield 1998a, 1998b). The single largest producer was Factory N.183 (UTZ) with 28,952 T-34s and T-34-85s built from 1941 to 1945. The second-largest was Factory N. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo) in Gorki with 12,604 in the same period. (Michulec & Zientarzewski 2006:220). In 1946, after the war, 2,701 T-34s were built, and large-scale production ceased. Production was restarted under license in 1951 in Poland and Czechoslovakia, where 1,380 and 3,185 T-34-85s were made, respectively, by 1956. Later, T-54/55 and T-72 tanks were also built outside the Soviet Union. In the late 1960s, Soviet T-34-85s underwent a modernization program (T-34-85M) for export and reserve service, being retrofitted with drivetrain components from the T-54/55 series tanks—a testament to the level of standardisation in Soviet tank design.
As many as 84,070 T-34s are estimated to have been built, plus 13,170 self-propelled guns built on the T-34's chassis (Zaloga & Grandsen 1996:18). Some of these ended up in various Cold War conflicts around the world.
The Red Army never had a consistent policy for naming the production models (Zaloga 1994:19). Since at least the 1980s however, many academic sources (notably, AFV expert Steven Zaloga) have been using Soviet-style nomenclature: T-34 and T-34-85, with minor models distinguished by year, as T-34 Model 1940. This system is used here.
Some Russian historians use different names: they refer to the first T-34 as the T-34 Model 1939 instead of 1940, all T-34s with the original turret and F-34 gun as Model 1941 instead of Models 1941 and 1942, and hexagonal-turret T-34 as Model 1942 instead of 1943 (Zheltov 2001, passim).
Captured T-34s in German service were designated Panzerkampfwagen T-34(r), for Russland ('Russia').
The Finns called the T-34 Sotka after the Common Goldeneye, a sea duck, because the side silhouette of the tank resembles a swimming waterfowl (as related in the memoirs of Finnish tank ace Lauri Heino). The T-34-85 was called pitkäputkinen Sotka, 'long-barreled Sotka'.
The T-34 (German designation: T-34/76) was the original tank with 76.2 mm gun.
The T-34-85 (T-34/85) was a major improvement with a three-man turret and long 85 mm gun.
Various technical improvements continued to be made to the T-34-85, including major refurbishing programs in 1960 and 1969. All T-34-85 models are externally very similar.
Pre-war development of a more advanced T-34 tank was resumed in 1944, leading to the T-44. The new tank had a turret design based on the T-34-85's, but a new hull with torsion-bar suspension and transversely-mounted engine. It had a lower profile than the T-34-85 and was simpler to manufacture. Between 150 to 200 of these tanks were built before the end of the war. With some drivetrain modifications and a new turret and gun, it became the T-54, starting production in 1947.
Czechoslovakian-built T-34-85s can be recognized by a semi-conical armoured fairing (like a rear-facing scoop) on the left rear slanting side panel of the engine compartment sponson. These were widely exported.
Identification of T-34 variants can be complicated. Turret castings, superficial details, and equipment differed between factories. New features were added in the middle of production runs or retrofitted to older tanks. Knocked-out tanks were rebuilt, sometimes with the addition of newer-model equipment and even new turrets. Some tanks also had appliqué armour made of scrap steel of varying thickness, welded on to the hull and turret. Tanks thus modified were called s ekranami ('with screens') in Russian.
After World War II, some T-34s were fitted with 122 mm howitzers as self-propelled artillery by Syria and Egypt.
Model 1940
Model 1941
Model 1942
Model 1943
|26 t
|26.5 t
|28.5 t
|30.9 t
|34 t
|32 t
|31.9 t
|76.2 mm L-11
|76.2 mm F-34
|76.2 mm F-34
|76.2 mm F-34
|76.2 mm F-34
|85 mm ZiS-S-53
|85 mm ZiS-S-53
|76 rounds
|77 rounds
|77 rounds
|100 rounds
|60 rounds
|58 rounds
|460 L (120 U.S. gal)
|460 L(120 U.S. gal)
|610 L(160 U.S. gal)
|790 L(210 U.S. gal)
|810 L(215 U.S. gal)
|642 L(170 U.S. gal)
|Road range
|300 km (185 mi)
|400 km (250 mi)
|400 km (250 mi)
|465 km (290 mi)
|300 km (185 mi)
|360 km (225 mi)
|300 km (185 mi)
|15–45 mm(0.60–1.8 in)
|20–52 mm (0.8–2.1 in)
|20–65 mm (0.8–2.6 in)
|20–70 mm (0.8–2.8 in)
|16–90 mm (0.6–3.5 in)
|20–90 mm (0.8–3.5 in)
|15–120 mm (0.6–4.7 in)
|270,000 rubles
|193,000 rubles
|135,000 rubles
|164,000 rubles
|Notes: dimensions, road speed, engine horsepower did not vary significantly, except for the T-43 which was slower than the T-34. References: Zaloga & Grandsen (1984:113, 184), Harrison (2002:181), KMDB (2006).
The T-34 is often used as a symbol for the effectiveness of the Soviet counterattack against the Germans. The appearance of the T-34 in summer 1941 was a psychological shock to German soldiers, who had been prepared to face an inferior Soviet enemy; this is shown by the diary of Alfred Jodl, who seems to have been taken by surprise at the appearance of the T-34 in Riga (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:127). The T-34 could take on all 1941 German tanks effectively. However, the new tank suffered severe problems, e.g. from engines literally grinding to halt due to dust and sand ingestion - the original Pomon filter was almost totally ineffective - and some serious mechanical troubles beset its transmission and clutch. At least half the first summer's total tank losses were due to breakdowns rather than German fire, although this also included old tanks in disrepair (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:127). There was a shortage of repair equipment, and it was not uncommon for early T-34s to go into combat carrying a spare transmission on the engine deck. The mechanical troubles were eventually sorted out.
During the winter of 1941–42, the T-34 again dominated German tanks through its ability to move over deep mud or snow without bogging down. German tanks could not move over the same terrain the T-34 could handle. The Panzer IV used an inferior leaf spring suspension and narrow track with a tendency to sink in deep mud and snow.
The German infantry, at that time armed mostly with PaK 36 37 mm (1.46 in) antitank gun, had no effective means of stopping T-34s. During the Battle of France the Pak 36 had earned the nickname "Door Knocker" due to its inability to penetrate anything but the lightest tank armour, though it worked very well at announcing the presence of the gun crew. Needless to say, crews of these weapons fighting on the Eastern front also found it severely underpowered for engaging Soviet tanks, often having to rely on heavier towed firepower, such as the relatively rare but effective Pak 38, the newer and much heavier Pak 40 and especially the 88 mm Flak guns that could not be moved into location as easily. Only the poor level of Soviet crew training, the ineptitude of Soviet commanders, and the early distribution prevented the T-34 from achieving greater success.
The emphasis in the Red Army in 1942–43 was on rebuilding the losses of 1941 and improving tactical proficiency. T-34 production increased rapidly, but the design was "frozen"—generally, only improvements that sped production were adopted. Soviet designers were well aware of the need to correct certain deficiencies in the design, but these improvements would have cost production time and could not be implemented. By mid-1943 T-34 production was running at about 1,000 tanks per month, much higher than the German rate. However, Soviet losses greatly exceeded German losses due to continued tactical inferiority.
In response to the sheer number of T-34s appearing on the battlefield and the ever growing need for heavier firepower, the Germans were beginning to field very large numbers of the high-velocity PaK 40 75 mm gun, both towed and self-propelled. These made up most of the anti-tank artillery by 1943. By late 1942 and into mid 1943 Germany had also begun to field the revered Tiger heavy tank and Panther medium tank, which further increased the need for an improved T-34. These improved versions came in two notable forms: an uparmoured version in 1943 that incorporated greater fuel capacity, reliability, and a modified turret; and a 1944 version with a new turret carrying a form of the 85 mm ZiS AA/AT gun. This last greatly increased firepower over the previous 76.2 mm F-34 cannon and finally gave the T-34 the offensive capability it had so badly needed.
By the last years of the war, the Soviets' improving tactics remained inferior to the Germans', but the Red Army's growing operational and strategic skill and its larger inventory of tanks helped bring the loss ratios down (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:223). The T-34-85 in early 1944 gave the Red Army a tank with better armour and mobility than German Pzkw IV and Sturmgeschütz III, but it could not match the Panther in gun or armour protection. To the Soviet advantage there were far fewer Panthers than T-34s, and the T-34-85 was good enough to allow skilled crew and tactical situations to tip the balance.
At the outset of the war, T-34 tanks amounted to only about four percent of the Soviet tank arsenal, but by the war's end, they comprised at least 55% of the USSR's massive output of tanks (based on figures from Zaloga 1984:125–6, 225; Zheltov 2001 lists even larger numbers). By the time the T-34 had replaced older models and became available in greater numbers, newer German tanks, including the improved Panzer V 'Panther', outperformed it. The Soviets' late-war Iosif Stalin tanks were also better-armed and better-armoured than the T-34.
A natural comparison can be made between the T-34 and the US M4 Sherman medium tank. Each tank formed the backbone of the armoured units in their respective allied armies. The T-34 was a "world-beater" at the time of its debut, while the Sherman was a strong contender when introduced in 1942. Both models were upgraded and improved extensively throughout their service life, receiving new turrets with more powerful guns. Both were designed for ease of manufacture and maintenance, even sacrificing some performance for this goal. Neither was a match for the German Panther or Tiger tanks in armour or firepower, but these heavy vehicles were both in a class more comparable to the Soviet IS-2 heavy tank or the American M26 Pershing (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983:37).
Tanks were expected to have many roles on the battlefield, the foremost being infantry support and exploitation. The tank-vs-tank role is nonetheless important. German tank production was limited to relatively small numbers of superior but complex vehicles (in part because of production diversion into self-propelled guns), which put them at a numerical disadvantage. The Soviet decision to build large numbers of T-34s, gradually improving and simplifying the design, proved to be a superior strategy that helped win World War II.
T-34-85s were used in many Soviet-client and formerly-Soviet client states after the end of World War II. The North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950 was spearheaded by a full brigade equipped with about 120 T-34-85s. Additional T-34 tanks later joined the first assault force after it had penetrated into South Korea.(Perrett 1987:134-5) They were pitted against the M24 Chaffee, M4 Sherman and M26 Pershing but not the Centurion tanks of the UN forces. The North Korean 105th Armoured Brigade had overwhelming early successes against South Korean infantry, Task Force Smith and U.S. M24 light tanks. The WWII-era 2.36 inch bazookas still used by the Americans proved useless against the T-34s even at point-blank range.(Perrett 1987:135) The North Korean T-34s lost their momentum when faced with U.S. M26 medium tanks, ground-attack aircraft, and when the U.S. infantry upgraded their antitank weapons to 3.5-inch rocket launchers hurriedly airlifted from the United States. The tide turned in favor of the UN forces in August 1950, when the North Koreans suffered major tank losses during a series of battles in which their foes brought their newer equipment to bear. The September 15th U.S. landings at Inchon cut off the North Korean supply lines, causing their armoured forces and infantry to run out of fuel, ammunition and other supplies. As a result, the North Koreans had to retreat, and many T-34s and heavy weapons were abandoned. By the time the North Koreans had fled out of the South, a total of 239 T-34s and 74 SU-76s had been lost.(Perrett 1987:135) Afterwards, North Korean armour was rarely encountered (Zaloga & Kinnear 1996:34–38).
The Finnish Army used the T-34s captured from the attacking Soviets during and after the war until the 1960s. Many were improved with Finnish or Western equipment, such as optics.
T-34s equipped many of the Eastern European (later Warsaw Pact) armies and were employed in the suppression of the East German uprising of June 17, 1953, as well as the Hungarian uprising in 1956. They were also used in the Middle East, the Vietnam War, and even as recently as the Bosnian War. In May 1995, a Serb T-34 attacked an UNPROFOR outpost manned by the 21st Regiment of the Royal Engineers in Bosnia, inflicting lifelong injuries to a British peacekeeper. Croatia inherited twenty-five or thirty from Yugoslavia but has since withdrawn them from service. T-34s were sporadically available in Afghanistan (it is not known if T-34s were used against coalition troops), and Saddam Hussein had T-34s in the Iraqi army in the early 1990s. Several African states, including Angola and Somalia, have employed T-34-85s in recent years. Cuban T-34-85s also saw action in Africa.
Cypriot National Guard forces equipped with some thirty-five T-34-85 tanks were used to enforce a coup by the Greek junta against democratically-elected President Archbishop Makarios on July 15, 1974. They also saw extensive action against Turkish forces during the Turkish invasion in July and August 1974, with two major actions at Kioneli and at Kyrenia on July 20, 1974. (Drousiotis 2006)
China produced T-34 under the designation Type 58, though production soon stopped when Type 59 became available. A small number of T-34's have also been spotted in China, converted into fire-fighting vehicles.
Combat effectiveness of early war T-34s can be evaluated in terms of 'hard' factors — armour, firepower, and mobility — and 'soft' factors such as crew comfort, vision devices, crew task layout and so forth. The T-34 was outstanding in hard factors and poor in soft ones.
In 1941 the thick, sloped armour of the T-34 could defeat all German anti-armour weapons at normal combat ranges except the towed 88 mm Flak guns. By mid-1942 the T-34 was vulnerable to improved German weapons and remained so throughout the war, but its armour protection was equal to or superior to comparable tanks such as the US M4 Sherman or German Pzkw-IV.
In terms of firepower, the T-34's 76 mm gun with anti-tank ammunition could penetrate any 1941 German tank with ease. This gun also fired an adequate high explosive round. In 1943, the 76 mm could not penetrate the Panther's amour and was out-ranged by the Panther's long 75 mm and the Tiger's 88 mm. The introduction of the Soviet 85 mm gun in 1944 did not make the T-34-85 equal in firepower, but the 85 mm could penetrate both Panthers and Tigers at reasonable ranges.
In terms of mobility, the T-34's wide track, good suspension and large engine gave it unparalleled cross-country performance. First-generation German tanks could not begin to keep up.
In terms of ergonomics, the T-34 was poor, despite some improvements during the war. All 76 mm-armed versions were greatly hampered by the cramped two-man turret layout. The commander's battlefield visibility was poor; the forward-opening hatch forced him to observe the battlefield through a single vision slit and traversable periscope. He was also over-tasked by having to fire the main gun. In contrast, most contemporary German, British, and U.S. medium tanks had much superior three-man turrets with commander, gunner and loader. The three-man turret layout allowed the tank commander to concentrate on leading his crew and co-ordinating his actions with the rest of his unit, without having to manage an individual task such as laying or loading the gun. This makes an enormous contribution to crew effectiveness. The T-34-85 corrected this problem, which had been recognised before the war. Many German commanders liked to fight "heads-up", with the seat raised and having a full field of view. In the 76 mm-armed versions of the T-34, this was impossible (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:135–7).
Visibility from the driver's seat was also poor. Tactically, this affected the driver's ability to use terrain to their advantage, since he could not see folds in the ground as well, or have as wide a range of vision as in some other tanks.
The loader also had a difficult job due to the lack of a turret basket (a rotating floor that moves as the turret turns). This problem was shared with many other tanks, for example, the US M-3 Stuart. The floor under the T-34's turret was made up of ammunition stored in small metal boxes, covered by a rubber mat. There were nine ready rounds of ammunition stowed in racks on the sides of the fighting compartment. Once these initial nine rounds were fired in combat, the crew had to pull additional ammunition out of the floor boxes, leaving the floor littered with open bins and matting. This distracted the crew and degraded their performance (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:137).
Other key factors diminishing the initial impact of T-34s on the battlefield were the poor state of leadership, tank tactics, and crew training, a consequence of Stalin's purges of the Soviet officer corps in the late 1930s, aggravated by the loss of the best-trained personnel during the Red Army's disastrous defeats in 1941. Many crews went into combat with only their basic military training plus seventy-two hours of classroom instruction. These problems were exacerbated by the T-34's poor ergonomics and lack of radios during the early war, making it practically impossible to co-ordinate tank units in combat. German tank soldiers found that the Soviet armour attacked in rigid formations and took little advantage of terrain (Zaloga & Grandsen 1984:126–27, 135). By 1943–44 these problems had largely been corrected, although Soviet crew training never reached the level of German training.
Hundreds of T-34s were installed as war memorials in Soviet-bloc countries.
A T-34-85 tank monument in the East German city of Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz) was the target of a 1980 bomb attack that inflicted minor damage on the vehicle and blew out nearby windows. The bomber, Josef Kneifel, was imprisoned for life in Bautzen, but released in a deal with the West German government in 1987. This attack on a symbol of Communist oppression remained one of the few high-profile bombings ever mounted against the regime. After German unification in 1990, the tank was transferred to a museum in Ingolstadt.
Another such tank, mounted atop the monument to Soviet tank crews in Prague, was the focus of significant controversy. The monument, intended to represent Lt I.G. Goncharenko's T-34-85, the first Soviet tank to enter Prague in May 1945, actually bore an IS-2m heavy tank. To many in Prague, the tank was also a reminder of the Soviet invasion which ended the Prague Spring of 1968. The tank was painted pink by artist David Černý in 1991. Following an official protest from the Russian government, the arrest of Černý, a coat of official green paint, public demonstrations, and a further coat of pink paint applied by fifteen parliamentary deputies, the tank was finally removed to a military museum (Wright 2001:379, Zaloga & Kinnear 1996:42–43).
Another T-34 formerly painted pink is the Mandela Way Tank in London.
Four tankers and a dog (Czterej pancerni i pies) was a very successful war-themed Polish television series of the 1960s (based on an eponymous novel by a Polish writer Janusz Przymanowski (1922 - 1998), himself a Red Army volunteer) which made T-34 tank number 102 an icon of Polish popular culture. It was also shown in other Soviet-bloc countries where it was also well received, surprisingly even in the German Democratic Republic. At the beginning of the twenty-first century reruns of the black and white series still manage to attract a large audience.
News of an unconventional use of a T-34 broke, quite unexpectedly, from Budapest on October 23, 2006. A month-long crisis centred around the Ferenc Gyurcsány cabinet scandal climaxed during the official fiftieth anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Protesters managed to start an unarmed T-34 tank which was part of a memorial exhibition and used it in riots against police forces. (The tank ran out of fuel after a few hundred meters and caused no personal injury.)
The T-34 was among the most important weapons systems in the Red Army in World War II. At the time it was first fielded in 1940, it was easily the finest tank design in the world (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983). By mid-war the T-34 was no longer technically superior to its opponents, but it was still effective in combat (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983).
The improved T-34-85 remained the standard Soviet medium tank with an uninterrupted production run until the end of the war. The Germans responded to the T-34 by introducing completely new, very expensive and complex second-generation tanks, greatly slowing the growth of their tank production and allowing the Soviets to maintain a substantial numerical superiority in tanks (Zaloga & Grandsen 1983:37). Production figures for all Panther types reached no more than 6,557, and for all Tiger types 2,027. Production figures for the T-34-85 alone were 22,559. The T-34 replaced most light, medium, and heavy tanks in Soviet service. Its evolutionary development led directly to the T-44 and T-54/55 series of tanks, built until 1981 and still operated today.
There are hundreds of surviving T-34s. Examples of this tank are in the collections of most significant military museums, and hundreds more serve as war memorials. Many are in private ownership, and demilitarised working tanks change hands for between $20,000 and $40,000 USD.
The durability of the T-34 is underlined by a recent restoration. In 2000, a T-34 Model 1943 was recovered that had spent 56 years at the bottom of a bog in Estonia. The tank had been captured and used by retreating German troops, who dumped it in the swamp when it ran out of fuel. There were no signs of oil leakage, rust, or other significant water damage to the mechanical components. The engine was restored to full working order.
Other significant surviving T-34s include a Model 1941 at the US Army Ordnance Museum in Aberdeen, Maryland. This is one of the oldest surviving vehicles. Other older 76 mm-armed T-34s have recently been recovered from old battle sites, but there is no known remaining T-34 Model 1940, with an L-11 gun.


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Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant redwood)
Sequoiadendron giganteum regeneration in Converse Basin, in the Sequoia National Forest in the Sierra Nevada, eastern California.
Species information
Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. T. Buchholz
giant redwood, Wellingtonia, giant sequoia
Vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN Red List criteria.
Growing as an emergent in mixed montane conifer forests.
None known.
About this species
It may not be the tallest tree in the world but Sequoiadendron giganteum is the largest by volume, reaching up to 95 m in height and 12 m in diameter. On its introduction to Britain in 1853, the species was named Wellingtonia gigantea after the recently deceased Duke of Wellington. However, this scientific name was not legitimate because the name Wellingtonia had been used earlier for another plant (although it is still called Wellingtonia as a common name in the UK).
Always on the lookout for new and exciting large trees, estate owners jumped at the chance of growing another impressive specimen and having the name Wellingtonia worked wonders as a marketing tool. Although planted less frequently now, it is quite common throughout the British Isles, particularly in large gardens and parks. The giant redwood, which can live up to 3,200 years, was formerly put in the swamp cypress family (Taxodiaceae), which is now placed in the cypress family (Cupressaceae).
Wellingtonia gigantea, Sequoia gigantea
Discover more
Geography and distribution
Native to California in the United States, the giant redwood is found on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, where it occurs in about 75 distinct groves. It inhabits mixed conifer forests at 1,100 - 1,500 m above sea level.
An evergreen tree with distinctive spongy red bark, the giant redwood can reach up to 95 m in height and 12 m in diameter. The deeply furrowed bark can be up to 60 cm thick. The branches form a rounded crown towards the top with individual branches sweeping downwards with upturned ends. The leaves are small and scale-like and are in spirals. Male and female cones are borne on the same tree, and are tiny in relation to the tree as a whole, the female ones measuring a mere 5-7 cm. The cones take at least two years to ripen; however, many cones remain green and unopened for anything up to 20 years. They are reddish-brown when mature and contain numerous, flattened, winged seeds.
Reproduction of the giant redwood
Natural bush fires are not as common as they once were in California, but are essential for giant redwood reproduction. The bark is fire-resistant, so the tree is left unharmed after a fire while other plant life around it is cleared. This is a prerequisite for seedlings to grow, helped along by a layer of ash as a seedbed. The heat from the fire also starts the process, as it causes the cones to open, dispersing their seeds on the wind.
Giant by name...
The largest living specimens are found in its native California, where the largest tree is known as 'General Sherman'. At the last measurement, it stood 84 m (275 ft) high, with a trunk circumference of 31 m (103 ft) at ground level. It is estimated to be around 3,200 years old.
The speed at which Sequoiadendron giganteum grows when young is nothing short of phenomenal. In Italy, a young tree reached a height of 22 m (72 ft) in just 17 years. Growth rates depend largely on the habitat and weather conditions, and while the tree can survive in temperatures as low as -30°C, it tends to flourish in a humid environment with dry summers and snowy winters.
Threats and conservation
The giant redwood has been rated as Vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN Red List criteria, populations having been reduced as a result of large-scale logging between 1856 and 1955. Measures taken to prevent bush fires also led to a build-up of undergrowth which may have reduced the growth of seedlings, which need a clearing to thrive. The majority of giant redwoods is now within National Parks (such as Yosemite, Sequoia and Kings Canyon); indeed 90% of wild populations are now protected. Land management and tree-planting schemes have been put in place to conserve the species.
Apart from being fire-resistant, the timber of Sequoiadendron giganteum has little commercial value, which makes the widespread felling of this tree during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries all the more unfortunate. The magnificent giant redwood is now a major draw for ecotourists from around the world, and it is seen as one of the flagship species for conservation in the United States. It has been widely planted as an ornamental tree in large parks and gardens in countries with a temperate climate, from Europe to New Zealand, and Canada to Chile.
Millennium Seed Bank: Seed storage
Kew's Millennium Seed Bank Partnership aims to save plant life world wide, focusing on plants under threat and those of most use in the future. Seeds are dried, packaged and stored at a sub-zero temperature in our seed bank vault.
Description of seeds: Average 1,000 seed weight = 6.6 g
Number of seed collections stored in the Millennium Seed Bank: One
Giant redwood at Kew
The giant redwood can be seen growing in Redwood Grove, about halfway between the Pagoda and the River Thames at Kew, and can also be viewed from the Rhizotron and Xstrata Treetop Walkway.
Christmas Tree at Wakehurst
During the winter you may also be able to enjoy the spectacle of England's largest growing Christmas tree, a towering 113-foot giant redwood, which is illuminated daily in front of the Mansion at Wakehurst, Kew's country estate in West Sussex.
Each year a team of expert tree-climbers from Wakehurst's woodland and conservation team spend a day, using ropes and specialist climbing gear, festooning a 113-foot giant redwood tree with 1,800 Christmas lights. The twinkling Christmas tree is a local landmark that can be seen for miles around – even from the air by pilots approaching nearby Gatwick Airport.
References and credits
Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Sequoiadendron giganteum. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 October 2010.
Farjon, A. (2005). A Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Farjon, A. (2010). A Handbook of the World's Conifers. E.J. Brill, Leiden & Boston.
Kew Science Editor: Aljos Farjon
Copyediting: Emma Tredwell
While every effort has been taken to ensure that the information contained in these pages is reliable and complete, the notes on hazards, edibility and suchlike included here are recorded information and do not constitute recommendations. No responsibility will be taken for readers' own actions.

subset: commoncrawl


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This news article is dedicated to all the gentlemen in our lives both young and old. Men's Health Week is celebrated annually during the week preceding and including Father's Day which is June 11-17. The purpose of Men's Health Week is to heighten the awareness of preventable health problems and encourage early detection and treatment of disease among men and boys.
Do you know the greatest threats to men's health? The list is surprisingly short and prevention pays off. Consider the top seven list of men's health threats which includes: heart disease, cancer, accidents, chronic lower respiratory disorders, stroke, suicide, and type 2 diabetes. These were compiled from statistics provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other leading organizations to reflect men's health risks in the United States. Then get serious about reducing your risks.
Heart Disease
Heart disease is a leading men's health threat. Take charge of heart health by making healthier lifestyle choices. For example:
Don't smoke. If you smoke or use other tobacco products, ask your doctor to help you quit. It's also important to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
Eat a healthy diet. Choose vegetables, fruits, whole grains, high-fiber foods and lean sources of protein, such as fish. Limit foods high in saturated fat and sodium.
- Manage chronic conditions. If you have high cholesterol or high blood pressure, follow your doctor's treatment recommendations. If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under control.
Include physical activity in your daily routine. Choose sports or other activities you enjoy, from basketball to brisk walking.
Maintain a healthy weight. Extra pounds increase the risk of heart disease.
- Limit alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so only in moderation. Too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure.
- Manage stress. If you feel constantly on edge or under assault, your lifestyle habits may suffer. Take steps to reduce stress — or learn to deal with stress in healthy ways.
Various types of cancer are of particular concern to men, including lung cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. To reduce the risk of cancer, consider these general tips:
Don't smoke. Using any type of tobacco puts you on a collision course with cancer. Avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke counts, too.
- Maintain a healthy weight. Losing excess pounds — and keeping them off — may lower the risk of various types of cancer.
Get moving. In addition to helping you control your weight, physical activity on its own may lower the risk of certain types of cancer.
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Although making healthy selections at the grocery store and at mealtime can't guarantee cancer prevention, it may help reduce your risk.
- Protect yourself from the sun. When you're outdoors,cover up and use plenty of sunscreen.
Limit alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so only in moderation. The risk of various types of cancer — including cancer of the colon, lung, kidney and liver — increases with the amount of alcohol you drink and the length of time you've been drinking regularly.
Take early detection seriously. Consult your doctor for regular cancer screenings.
Recipe of the Week
Parmesan Chicken
and Broccoli
2 cups uncooked converted rice (parboiled)
1 cup chopped onion (1 large) or sliced green onions (8)
2 tablespoons butter
2 1/2 teaspoons dried Italian seasoning, crushed
2 tablespoons vegetable oil
2 pounds skinless, boneless chicken breast halves, cut into bite-size strips
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 24-ounce package frozen cut croccoli (6 cups)
2 10.75 ounce cans reduced-fat and reduced -sodium condensed cream of mushroom soup or cream of chicken soup.
1 cup water
1 cup chopped tomato (2 medium)
2/3 cup grated parmesan cheese
Ground black pepper
Cook rice according to package directions: remove from heat. Stir in half of the onion, the butter, and 1 teaspoon of the Italian seasoning. Divide the rice mixture among three 2-quart baking dishes or casseroles; set aside.
In a very large skillet heat oil over medium heat. Add the remaining onion, the remaining 1-1/2 teaspoons Italian seasoning, the chicken, and garlic; cook and stir for 4 to 6 minutes or until chicken is no longer pink. Remove from heat. Stir in frozen broccoli, soup, the water, tomato, and cheese. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Spoon chicken mixture over rice in dishes. Cover casseroles or baking dishes with freezer wrap; cover with heavy foil. Seal, label, and freeze for up to 3 months.
To serve, thaw one casserole in the refrigerator for 24 to 48 hours (mixture may still be icy). Preheat oven to 350. Remove freezer wrap; cover with foil. Bake for 30 minutes. Bake, uncovered, about 30 minutes more or until heated through.
Nutrition facts per serving: 302 calories, 8g total fat, 55 mg cholesterol, 402 mg sodium, 34g carbohydrate, 2 g dietary fiber, 24 g protein.
Recipe Source: BH&G The Ultimate Low-Calorie Book
Pamela Redwine is a nutrition and food safety agent with the Mississippi State University Extension Service. Article provided by Oktibbeha County Extension Service; for more information call 662-323-5916.View more articles in:


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Favstar gets even better if you sign in.
Gift @espila Favstar Pro to unlock their best tweet!Gift them Pro!
Funniest thing i saw on IG "the rate at which ladies are bleaching themselves, you might end up dating your ex again unknowingly"
One person is cleaning toilets in Michigan another is a farmer in samburu. By all means the money is the motive Respect everyone's hustle.
Between men and women there is no friendship possible. There is passion, enmity, worship, love, but no friendship....
Love yourself and everything else will fall in place. You'll keep the right friends, work hard on all fronts for your personal development.
So now that @safaricomltd want to revise their post paid rates. It's time @airtel_ke advertised their post paid products we need that info.
Lmaaaooooo RT "@joewmuchiri: PAHAHA RT @ngwata_francis: Someone said kisii parents read bedtime stories for their kids from downstairs.""
There is a bunch of lazy relatives at the countryside who think that you work just to give them handouts. This dependency is something else.
LMAO RT @thekimutai: It seems the solution to the traffic problem in Nairobi is political tension
Someone texts you "hae" you ignore. Two hours later they resend the same message in caps... ati "HAE"
I'll be suicidal in a few.
Insparashunul stori:
Boss: coem tu work
Employee: no
Rt if u r inspired.
I lost my mum this year... God still cushions things for me through his blessings. I have an amazing family and made awesome new friends.
Communication is ubiquitous. You cannot, NOT communicate. Even when silent you are passing a message.
Pigs beget pigs RT @mckym: Remember your mum is a woman bruh RT @deecobhc: Women are pigs
Y'all gotta have the heart of @sheewaruinge to survive on these streets...
Meanies are on her case but she just slaps them with words
The person to look out for is the influential person behind the powerful person in your office.
It could be a anyone... clande, a spouse.
LMAAOOO RT @mokayah: Hey @bettywaitherero when blasts happened in Eastleigh, did you expect cops to do house to house searchs in Muranga?
#SaveMoyes RT @joewmuchiri: >> RT @nancysonnie: Learn to appreciate what you have, before time makes you appreciate what you had."
#SaveMoyes RT @joewmuchiri: let's start a petition Nshit. RT @osmanmosman_: Help me @joewmuchiri in saving Moyes. He's the best. #SaveMoyes
@straighttalkke @maralaldiocese @ppglobe @kenyachildfund @nofgm_oz @modendubi @ptalio #IWD2014 #samburu Women For Peace...
Passionate about Communications, Gender and development work in Samburu.
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REVOLUTIONS in science have tended to follow a similar pattern: a genius, wrestling with questions difficult to answer, breaks the mould by imagining questions difficult to ask. Something like this happened with Antoine Lavoisier's theory of oxygen, John Dalton's atoms, Charles Darwin's natural selection and Albert Einstein's relativity.
Distinguishing a genius from a crank is not easy. Both take bold leaps of faith fuelled by imagination and sustained by belief, yet the former is a visionary and the latter a fool. Respectable science often demands belief in things we cannot directly observe. In the 19th century, for instance, we had not only phrenology and psychic force, but also the ether, which many scientists believed to exist. Scientists are constantly faced with the decision of whether to accept or refuse untested theories and nascent research programmes.
Science is often billed as a discipline based on simple observation. But it has always ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by FoodConnoisseur on 02/27/2007
Very delicious breakfast I had there but the waiter was a bit aloof. He never told my girlfriend that they no longer had blueberry muffins and took it upon himself to bring her a bran muffin instead without ever asking her. What a major faux pas that was.
Posted by michael c on 01/06/2007
Wow.... We used to order from this place when we were hungover or just too lazy to cook. We just ordered the Fried Chicken and the Fried Chicken Salad. Not good. The fried chicken dinner was ungodly: The breading was thick and rubbery. There was a hint of curry or some East Asian Spice. Not the promise of Buttermilky hominess that was promised in the menu. No crispness, no love, like a horror show tv dinner. The fried chicken salad showcased the same foul rubbery fowl in a nice big salad. I should have skipped the chicken. BTW...the once, decent mac and cheese in now a soupy mess.
Posted by Anonymous on 11/05/2006
My boyfriend and I are regulars for brunch, and order the cobb salad quite often. Today we decided to try some items from the lunch menu, and were very disappointed with our food. My boyfriend had a burger and wings, and I had the chicken tenders and mozarella sticks. The mozarella sticks were cold and limp, and the chicken tenders were bland and unappetizing. (I mean, how can you mess up chicken tenders!!) The wings had no sauce on them, and the ranch (??) dressing that came with it was runny and tasteless. The burger was decent, and was the only edible thing to eat. I would not recommend delivery from this restaurant, or any of the items listed above.
Posted by sara on 09/26/2006
Great food, just like moms cooking, large menu, friendly staff, best brunch on weekends, big lines, waiting list for outdoor seating, bring your dog they get a bowl of water with lemon too!
Posted by n.y.eats on 09/17/2006
Went for lunch, super quesedillia,dinner was great too, but the best was weekend brunch waiting list but well worth it.
Posted by Bubbles Devere on 08/26/2006
I can't comment on the atmosphere, as I ordered delivery...but the food was dissapointing. I ordered the Avocado and Turkey omelette with bacon on the side, and my boyfriend ordered the Italian hero with spicy fries. My omelette was bland, and the egg was very rubbery. And the bacon was not good either- too tough. My boyfriend reports that the hero was too heavy on the cheese and overall very mediocre. I will say that the delivery was very fast. Still- I will not be returning to The Barking Dog.
Posted by jv on 07/11/2006
My title holds true. You can dine with your pooch but the food is subpar. I had the chicken sandwich which was dry. I also ordered a beer, which took 20 minutes to arrive. Then our waitress decided not to bring the check for another 20 minutes. The atmosphere is ok since they do have outdoor seating but the service and food are lacking.


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About Birmingham
The UK's second city is often referred to as the "city of a thousand trades" due to the integral part it played during the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. In fact, as early as the 1500s, the city was known for its foundries and tanneries. By the 18th century, Birmingham was exporting ironwork to Europe and converting corn mills to metalworking mills. Gun, toy, and button makers were dispatching their wares around the world.
In the 19th century, Birmingham attracted immigrants from Ireland, Poland, Russia, Germany, and Italy, all keen for a slice of industrial success. In the 1950s and 1960s, a wave of post-war immigration brought families from the Caribbean and Asia, enriching the city's multicultural heritage.
By the turn of the millennium, Birmingham had shaken off its gritty reputation and become the bustling, vibrant city it remains to this day. Any road up (or "whichever way you look at it"), the city has progressed from its manufacturing roots. Birmingham's coat of arms might display an arm and hammer, but its modern outlook—despite its status as the heart of the UK's motor industry—is more international than industrial.
Birmingham is the UK's second city in terms of size, but not in terms of tourist attractions. The city is a major business destination and features a world-class exhibition and conference center, the NEC. Nevertheless, there is still plenty to see and do in Brum.
Consider a visit to Villa Park, home of Aston Villa Football Club. With seven FA Cups, seven league titles, and one European Cup under its belt, it's Birmingham's most successful football club. Alternatively, learn all about Birmingham's history at the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter. This former jewelry workshop, abandoned in full working condition, was subsequently opened to the public. It's a great opportunity to see how gold and silversmiths worked before purchasing the real thing in the still commercially operating Jewellery Quarter.
If shopping is your thing, visit the Bull Ring. Once a notorious eyesore, the complex was demolished and a new shopping center was built in its place; it now draws people from around the region for high-street staples: clothes shops, chain stores, and discount outlets.
Finally, budding Willy Wonkas will revel in the opportunity to visit Cadbury's World. Located in Bourneville and billed as the place "where chocolate comes to life," it's a fun experience loved by children and adults. Look out for the cheap "seconds" on sale in the shop—misshapen yet mouth-watering treats.
Dining and Nightlife
Birmingham is home to a host of international cuisines, but is synonymous with just one: Indian. Birmingham's multicultural society has bestowed the city with the title of Curry Capital; it is the 1977 birthplace of the Balti. This Brummie/Kashmiri favorite is celebrated in the so-called Balti Triangle, an area comprising around 50 Indian and Asian restaurants in Sparkbrook, 3 kilometers south of the city center. The area may look a little run down, but it is perfectly safe due to the abundance of curry connoisseurs.
Diners looking to move on from the ubiquitous curry can sample some excellent Chinese dishes in the city's China Quarter or a selection of cheap eats in the student district of Selly Oak. Upmarket restaurants of every persuasion—the city has more than 200 restaurants from Thai to Japanese, Italian to French—can be found throughout Birmingham.
Birmingham also hosts some of Britain's most popular clubs, events, and gigs, many of which are boosted by the city's student population. Take your pick from indie venues in Dale End, super clubs in Hurst Street, or bars and clubs around Broad Street and Brindleyplace. For the latest information consult local listings magazines.
Beyond Newcastle
Less than an hour by train from Birmingham is the pretty and historic town of Stratford-upon-Avon. Famous for being the birthplace of English playwright and poet William Shakespeare, the town is one of Britain's most popular tourist destinations.
Visit Shakespeare's house at Henley Street. (No one has been able to prove The Bard was actually born here, but it is definitely the house in which he was raised.) The 16th-century building has been lovingly restored and contains many authentic items from this era.
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Tag Archives: onassis
And the winners are…
For menswear.
What IS a big deal is asking a sales associate if they carry suits in my size (you know, on a whim) and having them respond "Urgh, no we'll never carry that size because it's quite disproportionate and only YOU would buy it." Ouch.
CONTEST: Win one of two collared shirts!
For menswear.
Gents, find your chic thinking caps and get ready for another great contest! In celebration of Father's Day, we and Onassis Clothing are giving away TWO Oxford Point Collar Shirts from their Father's Day collection to promote their brand. Check out what you could land:
As always, there's only one way to score a prize: Post a comment to this post telling us what is your LEAST favorite thing about shopping in a high end department store. Sometimes I get rushed out of the changing room, which never ends well.
Please note contest is limited to persons in the U.S. and Canada. Two winners will be selected at random.
The deadline's Saturday, June 18th, 2011 at 6 pm EST. And don't forget to include your email address in your submission! Good luck, gents!
ContestHound.com Contest Directory Sweepstakes and Contest Directory – free to enter contests and sweepstakes for the US, Canada and the world.


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IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Classification
After many years of use of the IPC approach to inform the need of interventions with short-term objectives to address crisis situations, the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Classification, also abbreviated as IPC-Chronic, has been designed to complement IPC Acute Food Insecurity Classification and provide crucial information for strategic and interlinked food security programming and policies.
The development process of the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Classification started in 2011 with the development of an initial prototype, which was included in the version 2.0 of the IPC Technical Manual (2012). Over two years of preparation and piloting of improved prototypes, numerous and intense multi-partner technical discussions led to the finalization of the version 1.0 of the IPC Chronic Food Insecurity Classification.
The IPC chronic food insecurity analysis follows the IPC core principles, such as consensus building and convergence of evidence, and is conducted according to the four IPC core functions.
> IPC-Chronic Pilot Process and Timeline
East and Central Africa
Southern Africa
Latin America and Caribbean


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NEW ORLEANS (AP) – European river cruise giant Viking, already gaining a high profile in the United States with its sponsorship of popular PBS television shows, announced Tuesday that it will make New Orleans its first North American home port for Mississippi River cruises expected to begin by late 2017.
Despite low gas prices, a backlog on road projects and prevailing winds for fuel-tax reform, Gov. Bill Haslam is pulling back from a gas-tax increase this session.
After floating the possibility of raising the tax in December, the Republican governor appears to be changing course, in part because of his loss in a Senate committee on Insure Tennessee, the Medicaid expansion alternative that failed to make debate in the full House or Senate.
He was supposed to be the next Andy Roddick, the next great American tennis player. That's what they said about Ryan Harrison.
The Butler Snow law firm has launched an expansion of its Nashville office as the firm Walker, Tipps and Malone PLC joined the multi-state law firm based in Tennessee and Mississippi with offices in Memphis.
PUEBLO, Colo. (AP) – The United States is about to begin destroying its largest remaining stockpile of chemical-laden artillery shells, marking a milestone in the global campaign to eradicate a debilitating weapon that still creeps into modern wars.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Standard & Poor's is paying about $1.38 billion to settle government allegations that it knowingly inflated its ratings of risky mortgage investments that helped trigger the financial crisis, the Justice Department announced Tuesday.
U.S. consumer prices fell in December by the largest amount in six years, reflecting another big monthly decline in gas prices and providing further evidence of falling inflation pressures.
The Labor Department said Friday that its consumer price index dropped 0.4 percent last month, the biggest one-month drop since December 2008. It was also the second straight monthly decline in prices with both months reflecting big decreases in gas prices, which have been tumbling in recent months because of the global plunge in oil prices.
Five years after the Great Recession rocked the nation and nearly destroyed auto manufacturing in Tennessee, the Midstate's industry is booming again.
Nissan's growth is no small part of that, largely because of the company's confidence in the state of Tennessee and Gov. Bill Haslam, according to José Muñoz, executive vice president of Nissan Motor Co. and chairman of Nissan North America, which is headquartered in Franklin.
The most complicated move in ballroom dancing is often the step that gets you through the dance studio's front door.
Television shows like, "Dancing with the Stars'' and "So You Think You Can Dance'' are wildly popular and have contributed to a renewed interest in the glamourous art (skill? sport?) of ballroom dancing, but those high-energy, competitive programs or a movie like "Dirty Dancing'' can also intimidate people and keep them glued to the couch.
Walgreen completed its purchase of European health and beauty retailer Alliance Boots and on the final day of 2014, the combined company's stock will begin trading under the ticker symbol "WBA."
The nation's largest drugstore chain said Wednesday that shares long traded under the symbol "WAG," have been converted to the ticker symbol of the new company called Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. Walgreen is now a subsidiary.
It was late September, and local officials were deeply engaged with retail giant Target as the company explored investing in an online fulfillment center in Memphis when the discussions turned toward a familiar subject.
WASHINGTON (AP) – The Obama administration is on the verge of proposing long-awaited rules for commercial drone operations in U.S. skies, but key decisions on how much access to grant drones are likely to come from Congress next year.
Walgreen shareholders have voted in favor of the nation's largest drugstore chain spending nearly $16 billion to complete the final step in its purchase of European health and beauty retailer Alliance Boots.
Stronger sales from established stores helped Walgreen trump first-quarter expectations, and the nation's largest drugstore chain said Tuesday that a major acquisition expected to stoke its global reach and buying clout should close next week.
NEW YORK (AP) – Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg teamed up Monday to highlight the power of information in helping women worldwide and to promote a joint effort to gather more data on their health, workplace roles, childbirth and other facets of their lives.
Modern Handmade Memphis has come back to Overton Square with another of its pop-up shops that showcases handmade goods, the latest such event hosted a few times each year by the duo who also captain the Memphis Etsy Team.
Thanksgiving. Black Friday. Cyber Monday. What's next? Giving Tuesday. That's right. This December 2, the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, is a new global holiday, and it's all about philanthropy.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Voters made clear Tuesday that they're worried about the economy, despite steady job gains, a robust stock market and faster economic growth this year.
So what can – and should – the now-dominant Republicans in Congress and President Barack Obama do together to benefit more Americans?
A Gallup research study of employee engagement released in 2012 found that only 30 percent of employees in the workplace in the United States are actively engaged in the work they do. Which means that 70 percent of the employees are either not engaged, (52 percent), or actively disengaged (18 percent).
Natalie Churchill has joined Gateway Group Personnel as recruiting assistant for the temporary staffing division. In her new role, Churchill will source, qualify and interview candidates to place in positions ranging from accounting, administration (receptionists to executive administrative assistants), medical office, human resources and customer service.
BEIJING (AP) — China's economic growth waned to a five-year low of 7.3 percent last quarter, raising concerns of a spillover effect on the global economy but falling roughly in line with Chinese leaders' plans for a controlled slowdown.
Patricia Matthews-Juarez, co-director of the Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome and professor in the Department of Preventive Medicine at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, has received a $50,000 grant from Gilead Sciences Inc. to conduct a provider education and community awareness program about the Hepatitis C virus in the African-American community.
So here's the offer: lower salary – meaning it will take longer to pay down your student loan debt – less prestige, and perhaps even a questioning of your intelligence and skill.
In 2014, that's what comes with the decision to become a primary care physician. Recently, a fourth-year medical student at the University of Pennsylvania, Mara Gordon, wrote an article for The Atlantic explaining her decision to become a primary care doctor.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Three years ago, Jason Prosser was stunned to discover the cost of child care for his newborn son – so much so that he and his wife postponed having a second child.
Memphis International Airport, in the midst of reinventing itself as an origin-and-destination airport, is looking for some help telling its story.
The Memphis-Shelby County Airport Authority is seeking a marketing and public relations firm to help get the word out about the transformation.
As business decisions go, this was a tricky one.
Jeff and Steve Murphy, owners of Music City Mortuary, opened their Nashville business in 2001, catering primarily to the needs of other funeral directors, providing transportation, embalming and preparation services, shipping – everything a mortuary business provides.
CB Richard Ellis Memphis has been selected by Highbrook Investment Management to manage four buildings in the Lenox Park office complex, located at Tenn. 385 near Kirby Road.
The four 100,000-square-foot buildings are part of the seven that comprise the largest collection of Class A office space in Memphis. CBRE Memphis began management of buildings C, D, E and F on May 1. Since Highbrook purchased the four buildings in 2012, more than 50,000 square feet has been leased to companies including C.H. Robinson, W.M. Barr, Verso Paper and Metro PCS.
WASHINGTON (AP) – The federal panel that sets sentencing policy eased penalties this year for potentially tens of thousands of drug dealers. Now, defense lawyers and prisoner advocates are pushing for similar treatment for an arguably less-sympathetic category of defendants: swindlers, embezzlers, insider traders and other white-collar criminals.
Walgreen plans to keep its roots firmly planted in the United States, saying it will no longer pursue an overseas reorganization that would have trimmed its U.S. taxes but drew political scorn.
The nation's largest drugstore chain – which bills itself as "America's premier pharmacy" – said Wednesday that it will buy the remaining stake in Swiss health and beauty retailer Alliance Boots that it does not already own.
LAWRENCEBURG, Tenn. (AP) – After losing his first bid for Tennessee governor 40 years ago, Republican Sen. Lamar Alexander shed his blue suit and buttoned-up appearance for a plaid shirt, hiking boots and a 1,000-mile walk around the state.
NEW YORK (AP) – Travelers, prepare to pay more for your flight.
The average roundtrip ticket within the U.S., including taxes, reached $509.15 in the first six months of this year, up nearly $14 from the same period last year. Domestic airfare continues to outpace inflation, rising 2.7 percent compared to the 2.1 percent gain in the Consumer Price Index.
WASHINGTON (AP) — Congress ran full-tilt into election-year gridlock over immigration Thursday and headed toward a five-week summer break with no agreement in sight on legislation to cope with the influx of young immigrants flocking illegally to the United States.
NEW YORK (AP) — Virgin America's next destination is Wall Street.
The California-based airline filed on Monday for an initial public offering of shares.
Virgin America Inc., which operates out of Los Angeles and San Francisco, flies to 22 airports in the United States and Mexico and has a fleet of 53 planes. It is known for offering a variety of perks on its jets, including live TV, movies, leather seats and purple mood lighting.
WASHINGTON (AP) — In a victory for airlines and their workers' unions, the House rejected consumers' complaints and passed legislation Monday letting airline advertising emphasize the base price of tickets, before taxes and fees are added.
U.S. airlines have been adding jobs for six straight months, though the gains aren't big ones.
The U.S. Department of Transportation said Monday that the nation's passenger airlines had the equivalent of 385,619 full-time workers in May, up 1.1 percent from May 2013. That's the highest level since September 2012.
U.S. airlines have been adding jobs for six straight months, though the gains aren't big ones.
The U.S. Department of Transportation said Monday that the nation's passenger airlines had the equivalent of 385,619 full-time workers in May, up 1.1 percent from May 2013. That's the highest level since September 2012.
NASHVILLE (AP) – Volkswagen plans to build a new seven-passenger SUV at its factory in Chattanooga, Tennessee, adding about 2,000 factory jobs as it tries to reverse U.S. sales that have fallen for the past two years.
WASHINGTON (AP) – In an increasingly global economy, just 1 in 10 teenagers around the world is able to make some key – but complex – financial decisions, including choosing among various loans or analyzing invoices and pay slips.
WASHINGTON (AP) – City living has been a blessing for Tim Nelson.
The Phoenix lawyer moved downtown a few months ago into a new $389,000 home with a warehouse-style floor plan, a Jacuzzi tub and kitchen counters made of Caesarstone quartz. His favorite coffee spot is three blocks away. When the Arizona Diamondbacks play on Friday nights, he can watch postgame fireworks from his deck.
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. (AP) – Wal-Mart's CEO Doug McMillon said the world's largest retailer's task is to more quickly bring e-commerce together with physical stores to better serve shoppers.
WASHINGTON (AP) – In a sweeping initiative to curb pollutants blamed for global warming, the Obama administration unveiled a plan Monday aimed at cutting carbon dioxide emissions from power plants by nearly a third by 2030. But it delays the deadline for some states to begin complying until long after President Barack Obama leaves office.
Here's a snapshot of recent news and developments at some of the publicly traded companies based in Memphis, reflecting the influence these companies have and the shadows they cast both in Memphis and beyond, in industries that range from bioscience to banking.
WASHINGTON (AP) – It's the yin and the yang of the U.S. corporate climate.
At the White House, President Barack Obama played the role of business pitchman Tuesday, saluting executives whose companies have chosen to gain or expand their footprint in the United States.
NEW YORK (AP) – More travelers will take to the skies this summer, the U.S. airlines' trade and lobby group predicted Thursday.
About 210 million passengers – or 2.28 million a day– are expected to fly on U.S. carriers between June 1 and Aug. 31. That's up 1.5 percent from last summer and the highest level in six years, according to the trade and lobbying group, Airlines for America. U.S. carriers are increasing the available seat miles they fly by 4.5 percent.
FORT WORTH, Texas (AP) – Airlines are taking in less money from bag fees than they did two years ago, but they are making up for it by adding charges for a slew of extras, including getting a decent seat.
Southwest Airlines is falling behind other airlines when it comes to arriving on time, and the carrier plans to tinker with its flight schedule to fix that.
CEO Gary Kelly says the airline will add a few minutes between some flights, and it will be more cautious about selling itineraries with tight connections between flights.
Michael O. Ugwueke has been named president and chief operating officer of Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, as well as president and CEO of Methodist Healthcare Memphis Hospitals. In his new role, Ugwueke will be responsible for strategic management of the operations of six hospitals within the Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare system, as well as other key corporate functions.
Attitudes about the donation of organs for transplantation are very supportive, a recent national study found, but the percentage of people who have granted permission on their driver's license lags behind, and this is especially true in Tennessee.
These are good times for U.S. landlords. For many tenants, not so much.
With demand for apartments surging, rents are projected to rise for a fifth straight year. Even a pickup in apartment construction is unlikely to provide much relief anytime soon.
WASHINGTON (AP) – African-Americans and Latinos are losing economic ground when compared with whites in the areas of employment and income as the United States pulls itself out of the Great Recession, the latest State of Black America report from the National Urban League says.
WASHINGTON (AP) – The U.S. trade deficit climbed to the highest level in five months in February as demand for American exports fell while imports increased slightly.
The deficit increased to $42.3 billion, which was 7.7 percent above the January imbalance of $39.3 billion, the Commerce Department reported Thursday.
Staples has become the second major chain to announce the mass closing of stores this week, providing the latest evidence of how the retail landscape is being remade by shifts in American shopping habits.
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) – Warren Buffett says the rate of disasters that Berkshire Hathaway's insurance companies see hasn't changed because of extreme weather.
Buffett said on CNBC Monday that he hasn't made any change in the way he calculates the likelihood of a catastrophe because of climate change.
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) – Investor Warren Buffett says the economy continues the steady improvement that began in fall of 2009 and he remains optimistic despite Russia's advance into Ukraine.
DALLAS (AP) – Delta Air Lines is changing its frequent-flier program to favor passengers who buy the priciest tickets instead of those who fly the most miles.
It's a bid to lure higher-spending business travelers, who often book flights on short notice and pay more than bargain-hunting leisure travelers.
"Friends around the campfire, and everybody's high." I cannot but think that John Denver was a prophet after all.
In January, Colorado's long-running "grass"-roots campaign took another step, as retail marijuana shops started opening. This surely has solidified the movement begun by a 2012 statewide initiative. Fifty-five percent of voters approved a constitutional amendment that reads, in pertinent part,
WASHINGTON (AP) — Busted guitars, mangled cellos, broken banjos, lost lutes — musicians who rely on airlines to get them to performances have seen it all.
Two years ago, Congress stepped in to help, directing the Department of Transportation to write rules to make sure instruments don't get damaged or lost. The rules were due Friday, but the department hasn't even started writing them, citing a lack of money.
Working to better understand, and thus bring down, Shelby County's infant mortality rate would be a giant undertaking.
But that is but one of many challenges that lie ahead of a husband-and-wife team of doctors who nine months ago moved from Nashville to Memphis to set up the Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity and the Exposome.
DALLAS (AP) — More than 600 U.S. flights were canceled and about 2,600 were running late on Tuesday as a winter storm swept across the Northeast.
Adding to travelers' woes: United Airlines experienced problems with its passenger-service computer system for much of the morning.
FRANKFORT, Ky. (AP) – Global thirst for Kentucky bourbon and Tennessee whiskey caused exports to spike beyond $1 billion for the first time ever in 2013, a distilled spirits trade group said Tuesday.
The name – Baptist OneCare – really does say it all. Baptist Memorial Health Care Corp. is in the midst of installing an electronic health records system that is as ambitious an undertaking as any in Baptist's century-plus history.
The International Monetary Fund is slightly more optimistic about the global and U.S. economies this year than it was three months ago.
In an updated outlook released Tuesday, the global lending organization forecasts that the world economy will grow 3.7 percent in 2014 and that the U.S. economy will grow 2.8 percent.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Young Americans from low-income families are as likely to move into the ranks of the affluent today as those born in the 1970s, according to a report by several top academic experts on inequality.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Here's a little secret about the State of the Union address that President Barack Obama will deliver next week: He'll give Congress a long list of requests but few likely will be approved. That's just the reality of a politically divided government.
In an updated outlook released Tuesday, the global lending organization forecasts that the world economy will grow 3.7 percent in 2014 and that the U.S. economy will grow 2.8 percent. The global forecast is 0.1 percentage point higher and the U.S. forecast 0.2 point higher than the IMF's October forecast.
The Memphis Convention & Visitors Bureau forecasts 2014 to be a banner year, thanks to increased consumer confidence with leisure travelers and a booking pace for conventions, meetings and sporting events that is easily outpacing last year.
From George's Automotive to Uncle Floyd's Tires, Wheel and Auto Accessories, automotive-related businesses were prominent among the 5,361 business licenses issued by the Shelby County Clerk's Office in 2013.
NEW YORK (AP) – The price of flying continues to climb, with the average domestic roundtrip ticket, including tax, reaching $363.42 last year, up more than $7 from the prior year.
The 2 percent increase outpaced inflation, which stood at 1.5 percent for the year, and represents the fourth consecutive year fliers have faced price hikes.
Foreclosures in Shelby County continued to head south in 2013, as they have for most of the past few years.
Over the past 12 months, residential foreclosures in the county fell 15 percent to 3,563 from the 4,189 in 2012, according to real estate information company Chandler Reports, www.chandlerreports.com.
Looking back, Cathy Rogers sees there were clues that then seemed mere oddities.
When her son Joshua was in middle school, he could make a "popping sound" with his left hip. Though Joshua was active and sometimes would take three-mile runs, she eventually noticed that he didn't tie his shoes like anyone else in the family.
WASHINGTON (AP) — Energy-related carbon dioxide pollution grew by 2 percent last year after declining several years in a row, a government report said Monday. The increase was largely due to a small boost in coal consumption by the electric power industry, according to the study by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
WASHINGTON (AP) – President Barack Obama took a step Friday toward reshaping the Federal Reserve under incoming chairman Janet Yellen, choosing a leading expert on the global economy to be her vice chairman.
Ben Makino has joined Opera Memphis as the company's music director. The conductor and pianist, who most recently worked with the Long Beach Opera in Long Beach, Calif., previously served as the music director of Opera Memphis' inaugural 30 Days of Opera in 2012.
WASHINGTON (AP) – In an almost annual ritual, Congress is letting a package of 55 popular tax breaks expire at the end of the year, creating uncertainty – once again – for millions of individuals and businesses.
Longtime Memphis-Shelby County Airport Authority President and CEO Larry Cox celebrated his final board meeting before retirement with the announcement that Southwest Airlines is adding a flight next summer.
NEW YORK (AP) – The Energy Department says the nation's energy picture is getting ever rosier. Production is rising, consumption is slowing, and prices are expected to remain in check.
8348 U.S. 64Bartlett, TN 38133Sale Amount: $1.1 million
Sale Date: Dec. 5, 2013
Buyer: 64 Kate Hyde Partners
In an effort to enhance expertise in patent cases among U.S. district judges, the 10-year Patent Pilot Program went into effect assigning patent cases to 14 federal district courts in 2011. The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee was one of those courts chosen.
The vast majority of business economists believe the Federal Reserve will begin to pull back on its massive economic stimulus program in the first three months of 2014, according to a November survey done by the National Association of Business Economists.
Flight Restaurant and Wine Bar has been named a winner of OpenTable Diners' Choice Awards for the top 100 restaurants in the United States that specialize in American cuisine.
Based on feedback collected from OpenTable diners between Nov. 1, 2012, and October 2013, the 100 award-winning restaurants received the highest scores.
Tony Silva with Donati Law Firm LLP grew up in Nashville and with a background in music. He left the Music City for the University of Memphis as a classical performance major, with plans to become a performer and professor. He would go on to receive bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees in music performance in classical piano before taking a turn towards law.
The Dennis H. Jones Living Well Network and Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare are seeing increased activity in the second year of helping people navigate depression, stress and the challenges of life.
United Airlines said Tuesday that it will cut costs, overhaul its website, and shift flying from Asia to Europe as it aims to keep shareholders happy.
United didn't announce any furloughs as part of the cost-cutting measures outlined on Tuesday in a presentation to investors. A spokeswoman declined to comment on whether its plans include furloughs.
Airlines are doing a better job of staying on schedule now that fewer people are flying.
The U.S. Department of Transportation said Wednesday that 83.8 percent of domestic flights arrived on time in September, slightly better than September 2012's 83.3 percent rate. It was a bigger improvement over July and August, when summer vacationers packed the nation's airports and about one in four flights arrived late.
WASHINGTON (AP) – Heart-clogging trans fats have been slowly disappearing from grocery aisles and restaurant menus in the last decade. Now, the Food and Drug Administration is finishing the job.
A pickup in deliveries helped UPS more than double its profit from a year ago, when Big Brown took a hit from pension-restructuring costs.
UPS delivered more than 1 billion packages in the quarter, an increase of 4.6 percent, led by gains in international-export and U.S. ground shipments.
Laurie Williams, adult education coordinator at Memphis Botanic Garden, was recently awarded the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council's President's Award for her contribution to establishing and maintaining viable community forests in Tennessee. Williams was one of seven individuals the urban forestry council honored this year.
7750 Wolf River Parkway Germantown, TN 381389314 Poplar Pike Germantown, TN 381389320 Poplar Pike Germantown, TN 38138
BERLIN (AP) – The United States could lose access to an important law enforcement tool used to track terrorist money flows, German officials said Monday, as Europe weighs a response to allegations that the Americans spied on their closest European allies.
Memphis-based Mueller Industries Inc. posted net income for the third quarter of 2013 of $19.5 million, up from $15.5 million in net income from the third quarter of 2012.
FedEx expects that holiday shoppers will be more nice than naughty this year, with shipments rising from 2012.
The company said Wednesday that it expects to carry more than 22 million shipments on the busiest day of the season, which it believes will be Monday, Dec. 2.
Copyright 1995 -
by The Daily News Publishing Co. Inc. - All Rights Reserved


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Introduces particles (used to simulate effects like snow, sparks, fog, or fire) and dynamics (which allow you to define how objects interact with their environment).
Shows how to lend 3D objects color, transparency, and life with materials, textures, and lights.
Introduces the CINEMA environment and illustrates the importance of the object hierarchy.
"I learn most effectively through seeing and doing and lynda.com lets me do that. The movies are very well done." —Mike I.
more from our members »


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About POGO's Federal Contractor Misconduct Database (FCMD)
The government awards contracts to companies with histories of misconduct such as contract fraud and environmental, ethics, and labor violations. In the absence of a centralized federal database listing instances of misconduct, the Project On Government Oversight (POGO) is providing such data. We believe that it will lead to improved contracting decisions and public access to information about how the government spends hundreds of billions of taxpayer money each year on goods and services. Report an instance of misconduct »
FedEx Corporation
Price v. Federal Express (Retaliation)
Date: 01/31/2008 (Date of Verdict)
Misconduct Type: Labor
Enforcement Agency: Non-Governmental
Contracting Party: None
Court Type: Civil
Amount: $2,850,000
Disposition: Judgment Against Defendant
Synopsis: A federal jury in Houston awarded former FedEx employee Derosher Price $2.85 million after finding FedEx retaliated against him for filing a race discrimination lawsuit. Price unsuccessfully sued the company for race discrimination in 1999. After filing his lawsuit, Price — who is African-American — claimed he was denied a promotion and subject to "other forms of general harassment."


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A 16th Century killing machine who finds his spirituality after an encounter with the Devil's own Reaper embarks on a mission to take down the Overload, whose human Raiders are ravaging England.
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Disability Services
Access & Learning Accommodations (ALA) functions as a support service to deaf and hard of hearing students and students with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations are provided for students with certified disabilities identified in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Each student, after providing appropriate documentation of his or her disability and his or her prescription for auxiliary aids, is evaluated individually to determine suitable accommodations. Students are encouraged to contact Access & Learning Accommodations early to allow sufficient time for processing accommodation requests. ALA collaborates with both college personnel and students with disabilities and facilitate appropriate accommodations to assist in the student's academic endeavors.
The services that a student with disabilities may request:


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Free Jazz Bitmaps Vol. 1 Poster
Includes domestic shipping | For Canadian and International shipping, see checkout | Shipping policy / Purchase agreement
Originally designed as an incentive poster given away with presale orders for our collaborative publication, Free Jazz Bitmaps Vol. 1 LP, (Sonnenzimmer/Hometapes) this poster takes images from the the Free Jazz Bitmaps lathe-cut 7″ series and remixes them to create something totally new. Somewhere between neo-futuristic bossa nova and an abstract expressionist color study, like the LP, the poster offers a glimpse into the creative process of our work here at Sonnenzimmer.
Poster available for free when you pre-purchase the 2012 release, Free Jazz Bitmaps Vol. 1 LP from Hometapes.


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Re: Unsolved problem
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- From: Robert Dinse <email@example.com>
- Date: Tue, 14 May 2002 17:53:02 -0700 (PDT)
- Cc: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
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> > Hello, > > I am a Telia customer in Portland, now before you stop reading this, please > hang with me and read the rest of the message. > > I understand you are having some sort of problem with Telia customers and > authentication. I am *not* experiencing that problem. I am a Telia ISDN > customer, and I can get on, use the entire Internet (or at least the parts I > regularly use), without a problem. The only place I can't reach is eskimo. > Whenever I try to get my email, or access your web site, I get no response. These are completely seperate issues. The authentication problem was related to a problem with Radius not talking to the SQL database properly at a port aggregator we use in Florida. That's been an intermittant ongoing problem and we are in the process of turning up our own duplicated Radius servers and SQL databases to eliminate the intermittant authentication issues. Unfortunately, the routing problems are preventing us from being able to complete testing of the Radius configuration here. The routing problem is a network peering issue. Telia uses Global Crossings for the dialups, our hosts are on Sprint backbone connections. Global crossing advertises Telias routes to Sprint, Sprint and Telia do not peer directly. For some reason those routes are not presently being advertised. People at Telia, Global Crossings, and Sprint are all working towards a resolution. One of the problems that the internet as a whole experiences is a phenomena called "flapping" where BGP-4 routes used to advertise routes of other networks rapidly change. This happens when for example a circuit is noisy and the route rapidly becomes usable or unusable. This reaches a point where it overloads routers and had become a real problem internet wide several years ago. Cisco introduced software to their routers that would kill BGP-4 routes if they were flapping to prevent degredation of the rest of the network. Earlier, Telia had a problem in their network. The operating theory at present is that it caused flapping of the BGP-4 routes that may have caused Global Crossings routers to nix the routes on ingress. Engineers from all three companies are presently working to resolve the problem. I've got a ticket open with Sprint and our port aggregator has one open with Telia. I will continue to escalate the Sprint ticket as our contract allows.
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Homemade Pasta
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Homemade Pasta
- Ready Time : 0 min
- 2 3/4 cups unbleached all-purpose flour or pastry flour, (more for dusting)
- 3 eggs
- 4 tablespoons water
- salt
- 1 teaspoon extra-virgin olive oil
Place the flour in a large bowl; make a hole in the middle and add the eggs, the water and a big pinch of salt salt.
Start incorporating the eggs and water going from the inside out, then start kneading until it forms a mass.
Transfer dough to a lightly floured board and knead for 8 minutes. Add the oil and knead for 1 more minute.
Wrap in plastic, and let rest for 40 minutes at room temperature before rolling with a rolling pin or a manual pasta machine on the widest setting.
Cut the dough into 8 pieces : run each piece through the machine, then fold in half and do it again, moving to narrower settings after 2 passes and continuing to dust with flour to prevent sticking, until pasta sheet is nice and thin. If rolling with the rolling pin, keep folding the pieces in half and re-rolling, adding flour to prevent the dough from sticking, till the pasta is thin enough.
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