text:
The Walking Dead: Too Far Gone Volume 13Paperback Walking Dead (6 Stories)
List price $17.12
You save $4.80 28% off
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 2 business days
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: Image Comics
- Format: Paperback | 136 pages
- Dimensions: 168mm x 251mm x 15mm | 272g
- Publication date: 7 December 2010
- Publication City/Country: Fullerton
- Illustrations note: chiefly ill
- Sales rank: 5,826
Product description
The world we knew is gone. The world of commerce and frivolous necessity has been replaced by a world of survival and responsibility. An epidemic of apocalyptic proportions has swept the globe, causing the dead to rise and feed on the living. In a matter of months society has crumbled: no government, no grocery stores, no mail delivery, no cable TV. In a world ruled by the dead, the survivors are forced to finally start living. In this chapter of Robert Kirkman and Charlie Adlard's New York Times Best Seller, life in the community is as near as Rick and his group can ever hope to come to life returning to normal. So why is Rick so on edge? Will his behavior spell doom for everyone else? Will they let it get that far? This title collects issues 73-78 of the Eisner Award winning survival horror adventure. It is a reprint edition.
Add item to wishlist
Other people who viewed this bought:
The Walking Dead: No Way Out vol...
USD$10.93 - Save $6.19 36% off - RRP $17.12
The Walking Dead: We Find Oursel...
USD$11.01 - Save $6.11 35% off - RRP $17.12
The Walking Dead: A Larger World...
USD$11.01 - Save $6.11 35% off - RRP $17.12
The Walking Dead: Something to F...
USD$11.09 - Save $6.03 35% off - RRP $17.12
The Walking Dead: Volume 18
USD$11.07 - Save $6.05 35% off - RRP $17.12
Walking Dead: Days Gone Bye v. 1
USD$11.42 - Save $5.70 33% off - RRP $17.12
Other books in this category
Tim Burton Playing Cards
USD$4.98 - Save $1.23 19% off - RRP $6.21
Saga: Volume 1
USD$8.52 - Save $3.16 27% off - RRP $11.68
The Complete Maus
USD$23.24 - Save $3.22 12% off - RRP $26.46
Saga: Volume 2
USD$11.43 - Save $5.69 33% off - RRP $17.12
Saga: V. 3
USD$11.11 - Save $6.01 35% off - RRP $17.12
Batman: The Killing Joke
USD$13.71 - Save $7.32 34% off - RRP $21.03
- Categories:
Customer reviews
By 365 Graphic Novels 13 May 2012
Can you escape your destiny? Can Rick? Is he destined to become a leader or is it that everyone else hates the job so much they run away screaming. Even when you are safe behind walls the influence of the dead and their new world is never far away. Your experiences change you, stay with you and mould you into someone new.
This is a quiet, thoughtful issue with the focus on domestic matters. The cracks aren't in the outer walls but within the people inside them. You - like the characters - find yourself yearning for the simpler problems of survival as opposed to the messy business of human emotions. You do keep thinking of Dale's words, "I can't wait to see how Rick will screw things up and put us all in danger next." Still a Thumbs Up verdict.


text:
Calculate URL Depth Using Excel
Last time I showed you how to use Excel to reveal a sites directory structure. Today Excel is going to show you how many levels deep your URLs go " even if those levels are URL parameters.
Oversimplified: the more shallow, simple and clean a URL is, the better.
Every extra http://example.com/directory/and?url_parameter adds another level of depth to a site that can potentially waste a search engine spiders time on your site.
Finding out how deep URLs go is as easy as counting directories by counting /s and &s.
Heres how you do that automatically with Excel.
Get A List Of URLs
Get your list of URLs by crawling the site, scraping Google, getting a sitemap " anything.
Most of the time Excel can import just about anything and show it in a pretty structured manner.
Like last time, Im using the sitemap of Allied American University only Ive added a few fake URL query parameters.
Insert Directory Depth Formula
With your URLs in column A, heres the formula I insert to have Excel count directory depth:
My data always has headers so the first URL is at line 2.
To repeat the formula for the other URLs, figure out how many URL lines there are. Easy way in Excel to go to the last line in a column is to put your cursor in the first cell, then press CTRL + SHIFT + cursor down.
Fill in: B2:B107 (in my case you might have more or less URLs). This of course presumes your URL depth information is in column B.
From the Home tab, click Fill and choose Fill Down.
We can now see that /default.aspx is one step away from the domain or that /academics/degree/concentration/default.aspx is 4.
Just as easily we can see that /about-aau/contact-us.aspx?para1=hop¶2=dop is, due to its URL parameters, also 4 deep.
From here on we could do things like
- sort the URLs by URL depth
- highlight all URLs that are at or after an arbitrary level
My paid passion at Search Engine People sees me applying my passions and knowledge to a wide array of problems, ones I usually experience as challenges. People who know me know I love coffee.
6 Responses to "Calculate URL Depth Using Excel"
Great! Thanks a lot for this trick, I've never thought that url depth was so important. I'll use this formula to check the depth of the backlinks I get.
Good post and fantastic tricks to know the depth of URL so easily. Blogger can use this trick to know the backlinks depth.
.-= mra recently posted: How To Increase Traffic To Your Site =-.
I think it's not directory depth Google follows, It is all about how the pages are being linked. Think of it as a google PR, The path depth is not important to Google. Usually sites get the most links to the homepage, and from the homepage the PR is spread through the site. In some cases a lower page has a higher PR than the homepage. That's how many clicks away from the home page that determines the lessening of the PR. Furthermore, almost every single page for allied.edu is a couple of links away from the home page. So, I don't think the page depth for this case shouldn't be any problems.
I agree with well – the number of directories in a URL doesn't automatically equate to click depth (although I'll be stealing your nifty Excel function for other purposes!). I use Xenu Link Checker to determine click depth as it's conveniently returned in its crawl report.
[…] Read the whole story at Search Engine People. […]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Home Future StudentsCurrent StudentsFaculty & StaffPatientsAlumni
This new program utilizes principles of adult learning, instructional design, and change leadership for K12 teachers and those of higher educators and workplace learners.
This certificate uses a variety of methods to support professional growth and accountability in ways that meet the needs of the future's adult workplace learners...
© The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. All rights reserved.
All trademarks are registered property of the University. Used by permission only.


text:
Fruit Paste Recipe
Nutritional Info
- Servings Per Recipe: 35
- Amount Per Serving
- Calories: 58.4
- Total Fat: 0.3 g
- Cholesterol: 0.0 mg
- Sodium: 4.0 mg
- Total Carbs: 14.4 g
- Dietary Fiber: 1.8 g
- Protein: 0.6 g
View full nutritional breakdown of Fruit Paste Recipe calories by ingredient
IntroductionPrunes, Figs, Cranberries & Senna tea leaves made into a fruit paste for a spread or add to a smoothie. Assists in smoother bowel movements. Prunes, Figs, Cranberries & Senna tea leaves made into a fruit paste for a spread or add to a smoothie. Assists in smoother bowel movements.
Number of Servings: 35
8 oz or half a pound of pitted prunes
8 oz or half a pound of dried figs, cut off stems & cut in half
8 oz or half pound of dried cranberries or raisins
1.5 oz to 2 oz of dried Senna tea leaves
1/2 cup of Prune juice
1/4 cup of Lemon juice
2 1/2 cups of water
Store in jam jars or plastic container, keep in frigerator or freezer.
Dose 1 teaspoon to 2 tablespoons per day, spread on toast or put in oatmeal or in a smoothie. Increase or decrease dosage as needed or as tolerance dictates. I like this very much on my toast and in my fruit smoothie.
Measure out fruit and cut stems off figs & cut figs in half. Place water, lemon juice and fruit in a pot, bring to a boil & then simmer for 15 minutes. Turn off heat & let sit for 15 minutes. Put batch through a food processor or meat grinder or blender with the prune juice till smooth. The consistency is similar to apple butter.
Serving Size: makes 32 1.5-oz servings
Serving Size: makes 32 1.5-oz servings


text:
Alzheimer's: Alternative Medicine
Top Alternative Medicine
1. Huperzine A
Huperzine A is a Chinese herbal medicine that is derived from a Chinese herb Huperzia serrata. They are known to work in the same manner as cholinesterase inhibitors. Due to this reason, the supplement must not be taken along with cholinesterase inhibitors like Aricept or Donepezil. Huperzine is known to have neuroprotective and antioxidant qualities and is known to improve cognitive function as well. Treatment time varies from 3, 6, 9, 12 months with periodic evaluation.
2. Vitamins
Vitamin E can help in slowing the degeneration caused to the brain and, hence, it is a great natural remedy for Alzheimer's disease. It also helps in protecting the brain from free radical damage due to its antioxidant properties. Other vitamins like vitamin C, vitamin B6, coenzyme Q10, selenium etc. too have antioxidant properties and can be taken as supplements to prevent brain degeneration. Many Alzheimer's patients are known to be deficient in these vitamins which add to the brain damage.
3. Omega3 fatty acids
Supplements of omega 3 fatty acids which contain DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) are known to aid in the treatment of behavioral and cognitive disorders and they also have neuroprotective benefits. The recommended dose for omega3 fatty acids is 2 grams per day. Being antioxidant in nature, they also arrest the damage of the brain cells caused by free radicals. Fish oil is the best source of omega3 fatty acids with DHA and EPA.
4. Reflexology
Reflexology is a form of alternative therapy which uses pressure on certain areas of your hands and feet that are connected to the brain and aids in healing and improvement of the symptoms associated with Alzheimer's. In reflexology, certain specific pressure points in the foot are targeted so that the brain cells are stimulated. Pressure that is applied on the underside of your big toe on one or both your feet helps in stimulating the functions of the brain and also memory. This positive energy that is communicated to the brain helps in reversing the damage caused to the brain. A reflexologist will be able to help you assess the degeneration caused by Alzheimer's and suggest the necessary steps to be taken.
5. Exercise
Exercise helps in improving brain function and also in enhancing the mood. Physical activity increases the blood flow throughout the body and helps in treating degenerative diseases. Along with at least half an hour of aerobic exercises, exercises that stimulate the brain too help Alzheimer's patients improve problem solving skills, mental abilities etc. Solving puzzles, playing mind games, reading, brain stimulation therapies and social activities keep the brain well stimulated and active, thereby, preventing further degeneration.
6. Flower essences
A number of flower essences are used for the treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Flower essences that can be ingested are marshmallow flower essence which increase brain function by bringing about high frequencies in the brain and saskatoon flower essence for improving communication between the two hemispheres of the brain etc. Three to four drops of these flower essences have to be added to some water and taken daily until recommended by your physician.
7. Ginkgo biloba
This Chinese herb with antioxidant qualities help in improving blood circulation of the brain and entire body. It is also good for treating memory problems in Alzheimer's patients. Intake of gingko biloba in the right quantities helps in revering the brain damage and improving the functioning of the brain. Make sure that you communicate to the doctor about the possible medications for other conditions that you may be taking while opting for ginkgo biloba as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.


text:
Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Fusion Science and Technology / Volume 61 / Number 2T
P. Helander
Fusion Science and Technology
Volume 61 / Number 2T / February 2012 / Pages 133-141
Format:electronic copy (download)
These lecture notes provide a short overview of classical and neoclassical transport in tokamaks. The classical theory is widely applicable in laboratory and space plasma physics if the mean free path is shorter than the macroscopic scale length. The neoclassical theory predicts important phenomena in tokamaks such as the bootstrap current, electric conductivity, transport in the scrape-off layer, and cross-field transport in regions where the turbulence is suppressed.
Your cart is empty.
Home|Invoice Payment|Nuclear Links
Privacy Policy|Terms of Use


text:
CGI stands for common gateway interface, and is a standardized method of controlling dynamic content and data on HTTP servers, and databases on those servers. CGI allows forms to be filled out on web pages and data to be entered and updated within a database. A database at its simplest is a machine that answers queries just as servers are machines that answer requests from web browsers. The information held within the form or query on average needs to be processed by an application; CGI can be any number of different programming languages or scripts. These languages supply a consistent method for these actions to be performed.
Essentially, CGI is the portal in which languages like Perl, C, C++ and Java can be used to execute actions and retrieve data. On the web, CGI applications allow the internet browser to communicate with the server, and send and receive data. The common gateway interface calls or tells the applications to execute and perform the designated or programmed request. In the case of a web browser, this means asking for the file located at the URL address in the browser. The CGI then executes the request and returns the file at that location to the browser. Since HTML files are static, they will have applications as part of their coding or mark up to allow for the use of applications for retrieving customer information, images, PDF files located on the server, or any other form of dynamic information for a web page.
CGI Overview
A List of Links to Technical Documents About CGI
Simple Tutorial on CGI
CGI Resource Links
Java Home Page
C Programming Library for CGI Applications
Learn CGI Perl
CGI Programming FAQ
Free Perl CGI Scripts
An online Version of the Book "CGI Programming on the World Wide Web"
C++ Library for Linux Users
Open Source C++ CGI Development
File Sharing Program
CGI Development Guide
CGI Forum
CGI Tutorial
Resouce Links for CGI Programming
CGI - Perl Tutorials
A Large Site of Webmaster Resources Including Information on CGI, Java, C, and C++
Sun Java forum
Java.net Forums
CGI and mod_perl
Jave Servlet Programming


text:
Posted on September 25, 2010
If you've already gone through TheGardenCloche.com you've probably seen what looks like plant covers to the average person. Well, that's exactly what they are. And if that's exactly what you thought they were, by no means do I think you're average. Garden cloches are simply covers for your plants to keep them safe from the temper tantrums of mother nature and from the mistaken critters that think you love to nurture your plants like a newborn child for months in order to produce fruit and vegetables only to feed all the critter families with a free lunch.
Have you noticed that garden cloches resemble a big bell? Well, that's because the word "cloche" actually comes from the French language meaning "bell". See, it's all coming together now. Next, pronunciation...how do you even pronounce "cloche"? It's not that tough actually, thanks to dictionary.com. It sounds like "clo"(like "glow" or "flow") and "sh".
You're probably thinking by now, "This is so fascinating and informative. So, what's the history of the garden cloche?" Answer: I have absolutely no idea. Just know that:
1)they're really old
2)they work really well for growing all kinds of plants
If you remember those two points I think you'll be ok. But seriously, they've lasted the test of time and people continue to use them to grow plants since their beginning many centuries ago. They were first used in England many many moons ago and even today tend to be used mainly in the UK and not so much in the US for some reason unknown to me. If you're not satisfied with my one sentence history of the garden cloche you can get a bigger bite of their history here. I'd love to hear from anyone that knows a more thorough history of the beloved garden cloche.


text:
Usa Tor
View Single Post
Jerkus Maximus
Joined: Aug 2007
Location: Lowville, NY
Oddometer: 8,601
Right..so, moving right along, this is the story of Mr. Nutty and his brief (maybe) trip around the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate (
upstate. not that fake "oh, I live in Pookipsee" shit. that ain't upstate, kids.), New York.
My time with Mr. Nutty started with a bang, not a whimper when I rescued it/him from the dark, scary confines of a guardrail next to a covered bridge in Vermont, placed there by the Evil Dr. Boatman. I was so excited to save The Nutster that I forgot to take a picture of my bike at the scene, and act which caused much consternation and hand wringing amongst the faithful, but ultimately ended with laughter, cause Motorcycle People are the Coolest People there are.
Sing it with me now..."People.......people who like motorcycle people...."
Maybe not.
Our first order of business was the much anticipated and ballyhooed Adirondack Tag Game 100th Tag Extravaganza and Show. You never heard of it? Well, we ballyhooed the shit out of it. We even extravaganza'd it a little. We're a simple folk, ya see.
The Extravaganza got more...extravagant with every mile ridden:
All the way to the Tail O The Pup, where we may have ballyhooed a little, but I ain't sayin. What happens in the 'Daks, stays in the 'Daks:
By the way, every eatery claims to be in the "The Heart Of The Adirondacks". There outta be a study, I tell ya.
After we were all Ballyhooed and Extravaganza'd out, I headed back to Long Lake to put my nefarious plan into action...or possibly to place The Nuttinator in his new, hopefully brief hiding spot.
Welcome to Long Lake, New York. (We're comin into town from the South on 30 here...I suggest you do the same.) That's upstate. The
It's a tourist town, for sure. Hotels out number the residents three to one. Really. I looked it up.
If you were of the Nutty Doc (Duc??) type, we have a place for you:
Sing it with me now....."Ah....found....mah....thrill...(bah dum, bah dah dah dum)...ooohn Blueberry Hill..."
Maybe not:
(I wonder if that's really the hill in question, the one he found his "thrill" on? It's right next to the road, lotsa traffic through there. Hmm. That's kinda sexy!)
Um...ya know, fook it. I ain't touching this one:
Little further on down the road we spot this sign (hopefully):
Take a right right (right? Yeah, right) after it:
There's even a little white arrow spray painted on the road to help you along. I thought of everything, I tell ya.
You can go straight or you can go right...or you can run straight into this truck and boat...but I recommend bearing right:
Orta be lookin at this (minus my bike):
Enter on the far right side, down three gears and let off the brakes early, flick it in before the crest, drop your knee and hard on the gas at the exit, drifting the back end all the way out to the paint
Go on up the hill...
Wide open, tucked in under the paint, tach at the redline and shift second, third, fourth, you should be just pulling fifth gear as you wheelie over the crest and out of sight
Follow the pavement to the right (I don't know where that road goes if you don't turn. Gotta check the out sometime.)
Hard on the brakes, back tire wavering in the air, downshift all the way to first for this tight right
Keep rollin:
Hug the inside of the right, short shift to third and breath it just a little as you enter the left, then pin it
You're doin great:
If you're riding like my instructions there's no way in hell you're gonna make that next right, and will probably die a fiery death in those rocks straight ahead. may as well make it spectacular
Hah! See that pavilion? (Did you know Pavilion is spelled with one "L"? I didn't know that till just now. It's French, ya know. Pavilion. It means "To Pavil". Fascinating stuff, I'm sure):
Yep, there's my bike parked there in the pavilion:
Gettin closer to my bike. Parked there. In the pavilion:
Bike. Pavilion:
Yup, there's my bike parked there at the pavilion. I wanna be really fuckin clear on this part: That's my bike. It's at the site of the tag drop. In the pavilion. I'm typing hard. Are we clear on this?:
K. See that number 6 on the floor of the pavilion right by the front tire of my bike? In the pavilion? At the tag drop?:
Go stand on it and gaze over the beautiful view of Long Lake. Notice the details of the pole right in front of you: The water thingy on the ground, the electrical thingies on the pole, the subtle shading. Bold, yet stately:
Lets walk up to the pole, shall we? Hmm...gotta water spigot thingy on the other side:
Boy there's some fine work right there...was Crankshaft here??
That's our pole. Now...look up...alllll the way up:
Fookon 'Ell, Mate! It's the Mr. Nut Job!! Whassa he hiding up dere about?
BTW, this is BYOCB if you're a short arse like me:
Whelp...there it is kids. The (dah, daa daa DAAAAA!!) USA TOR drop, all official-like, and including a picture of my bike. In the pavilion. At the drop.
We be out.
2013 KTM 690R Enduro
Chuckracer screwed with this post 08-29-2010 at
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Chuckracer


text:
SUMMARY: Recent changes in FTC guidelines have reinforced the importance of establishing policies to keep your social media and online marketing above-board and ethical. But those policies need to be followed.
Read advice from a word-of-mouth marketing ethics expert on creating and enforcing your teams social media marketing policies. Includes five actions to take now, and links to ethical codes and FTC guidelines.


text:
An automation control system can be efficiently developed and maintained as a hierarchical arrangement of configured components that pass process control parameters received from a control component and return reports back to the control component. In particular, control components compare a current configuration to a validated, saved configuration in order to report a configuration status as to whether a process can be conducted as validated. Yet, changes to the configuration of the automation control system that do not affect a validated portion do not preclude continued validated processing.
1. A system that determines configuration changes in a validated system, comprising:
an industrial control module that controls an industrial process, the industrial process comprising at least a validated portion, further comprising:
a processor,
a computer readable storage medium operationally coupled to the processor and storing computer executable instructions, the computer executable instructions, if executed by the processor, implement components comprising:
a control component comprising generic operations to control the industrial process utilizing the processor, the control component further comprising a current configuration data structure representing a current configuration of the industrial process and a validated saved configuration data structure defining a validated configuration of the industrial process;
an interface component that modifies the current configuration of the industrial process; and
a reporting component that compares the current configuration data structure against the validated saved configuration data structure and provides a notification of a detected difference indicative of an unvalidated component within the validated portion of the industrial process; and
wherein the computer readable storage medium retains the current configuration data structure and the validated saved configuration data structure.
2. The system of
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
8. The system of
9. The system of
10. The system of
11. A computer-implemented method for determining configuration changes in a validated system, comprising:
controlling an industrial process comprising at least a validated portion comprising a set of components having a validated configuration;
employing a processor executing computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium to implement the following acts:
storing on a controller the validated configuration for the set of components;
monitoring the industrial process by the controller;
determining, at the controller, if a change has been made to a current configuration of the set of components in comparison with the validated configuration; and
generating an automatic notification if a change is detected between the current configuration and the validated configuration indicative of an unvalidated component within the validated portion.
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. A system for determining configuration changes in a validated system comprising at least a validated portion, comprising:
an industrial controller, further comprising;
a processor;
a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions, if executed by the processor, implement the following:
means for monitoring, by the processor, one or more module components within the validated system;
means for determining, by the processor, if a change has been made to a configuration applied to the module components;
means for determining whether the change affects the validated portion of the validated system; and
means for generating an automatic notification if the means for determining determines that the change affects the validated portion of the validated system.
18. The system of
19. A computer-readable storage medium having a data structure stored thereon, comprising:
a module component comprising generic operations to control an industrial process, the module component further comprising a current configuration data structure representing a current configuration of the industrial process and a stored validated configuration data structure defining a validated configuration of the industrial process;
an interface that modifies the current configuration data structure; and
a reporting component provides a notification of a detected difference between the current configuration data structure and the stored validated configuration data structure.
20. The computer-readable storage medium of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/862,403 entitled MODULE CONTROL AND STATE PROPAGATION, and filed on Oct. 20, 2006, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/890,973 entitled MODULE CONTROL AND STATE PROPAGATION, and filed on Feb. 21st, 2007, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The claimed subject matter relates generally to industrial control systems and more particularly to module class components that are defined to facilitate validated software use and detect pertinent configuration changes that affect the validation.
One type of industrial control process is referred to as a batch process, which involves subjecting raw materials to processing steps using one or more pieces of equipment to produce a "batch" of product. Efforts to automate batch processing have led to the formation of standards committees by members of industries involved in batch processing and suppliers of batch processing equipment, among others. The general purpose of these standards committees has been to define uniform standards for automated batch processing. One such standard has been promulgated by the International Society for Measurement and Control, an international organization concerned with issues of process control. This standard is entitled Batch Control Part 1: Models and Terminology and is often referred to as the ISA S88.01-1995 standard (or "S88" for purposes of this application).
The S88.01 standard defines models of equipment and procedures for use in automated batch processes, as well as terminology for use in referring to those models and their elements. The S88.01 standard defines a "batch process" as a process that leads to the production of finite quantities of material by subjecting quantities of input materials to an ordered set of processing activities over a finite period of time using one or more pieces of equipment. A "batch" is defined as the material that is being produced or has been produced by a single execution of a batch process.
Batch-processing equipment (i.e., controllable elements such as valves, heaters, mixers, and so forth) is operated according to procedures to produce a batch. Generally, such equipment is referred to synonymously as equipment, equipment modules, processing equipment, or physical elements. The procedures to operate such physical elements are often referred to by the S88.01 standard as the "procedural model." According to the S88.01 standard, the procedural model is structured as a hierarchical ranking of procedures, with the highest level encompassing each of the lower levels, the next highest level encompassing each of the levels below it, and so on. Typically, the levels of the S88.01 procedural model of a particular application are, in descending order: the "procedure;" the "unit procedure;" the "operation;" and the "phase."
The term "procedural element" generally refers to components that employ any of the levels of the S88.01 procedural model, not just to those of the "procedure" level or any other single level of the procedural model. The highest-level procedural element of interest is referred to as a procedure, which is made up of one or more unit procedures. Each unit procedure is in turn made up of one or more operations, which are each in turn made up of one or more phases. The S88.01 procedural model does not preclude definition and use of other hierarchical levels, nor does it require that each level be present in particular applications. Rather, the standard is intended to provide a broad, standardized model for describing the procedures followed in automated batch-process control.
Heavily regulated industries such as pharmaceuticals often have Federal Validation requirements to ensure that products are manufactured to desired standards. Validation is a very expensive proposition during installation to properly document and show that the system indeed meets the applicable standards. Once a system has been validated, any changes made to the system can cause the entire system to be re-validated if it is not clear how the change may have impacted the system.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview nor is intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the various aspects described herein. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention relates to automatic monitoring of a system for configuration or other changes. Such monitoring can be performed at a modular level, where comparisons are made between the validated system and the present system. If a change is detected within the system, automated notifications can be sent and reports can be generated identifying the impact to the system. The reports can mitigate re-validation requirements for the changed system. Configuration data can be segmented into data which is aligned with specific roles in a production facility. By storing an authorized copy of the configuration, and comparing to the current configuration over time, the system is able to inform the user of configuration changes.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative of various ways which can be practiced, all of which are intended to be covered herein. Other advantages and novel features may become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
An automation control system can be efficiently developed and maintained as a hierarchical arrangement of configured components that pass process control parameters received from a control component and return reports back to the control component. In particular, control components compare a current configuration to a validated, saved configuration in order to report a configuration status as to whether a process can be conducted as validated. Yet, changes to the configuration of the automation control system that do not affect a validated portion do not preclude continued validated processing, avoiding expense and delay of re-validation.
These features are enhanced as being part of a programming environment of module class subsets in which portions of a given module that were previously coded by hand have been identified and generated automatically for the designer in view of an identified class. The identified class represents an analysis of functional elements within the module that can be generically provided before system design/implementation. For example, Equipment or Phase Modules (or other type modules) can be decomposed into sub components and classes, thus allowing commonality between equipment modules and other points of a module's extension to be identified. This allows building a limited number of equipment modules from the respective classes to address the large (virtually infinite) number of process or discrete applications. Example Equipment Modules provided include Generic, Material Transfer, and Equipment Verification. Respective Equipment Modules can communicate with associated Phase Modules which have also been developed according to a class structure. By identifying common portions of modules and codifying the respective portions in advance, code generation and development for the common portions identified is mitigated which in turn conserves resources for system designers and end users.
It is noted that as used in this application, terms such as "component," "module," "model," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution as applied to an automation system for industrial control. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program and a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be components. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers, industrial controllers, and/or modules communicating therewith.
Referring initially to
Detection provides opportunities for mitigation without necessitating full re-validation of the system 12. For example, should the automation control system 10 include an unconfigured component 36 that is not utilized as part of the validated processing system 12, the unconfigured component 36 can be ignored without reporting. In addition, should a configured component 20 have been modified by a changed parameter, then the validated saved configuration data structure 28 can be readily restored before proceeding. If the changed configuration pertains to a change in code, then configured component 20 can be instantiated with a validated version. If the changed configuration pertains to a hardware change, then simplified revalidation procedures may be appropriate, such as confirming that the new equipment has been unit tested to return the automation control system 10 to a validated status or that a certified replacement has been installed.
It should be appreciated with the benefit of the present disclosure that the monitoring may be distributed. Configuration changes can be detected by the same component or detected by a higher level component monitoring subservient components. Moreover, the configuration data structure may include identification of functions that are disabled to retain a validated state (e.g., preventing parameter changes via a human-machine interface (HMI)).
In general, the phase components 108 send control commands to the module components 102 and receive status there from. As will be described in more detail below with respect to
Generally, module class subsets include portions of a given module or phase that were previously coded by hand and have been identified and generated automatically for the designer in view of an identified class. The identified class represents an analysis of functional elements within the module or phase that can be generically provided before system design/implementation. For example, Equipment or Phase Modules (or other type modules) can be decomposed into sub components and classes, thus allowing commonality between equipment modules and other points of a module's extension to be identified. This allows building a limited number of equipment modules from the respective classes to address the substantially large number of process or discrete actions.
A limited number of equipment modules and equipment phases may be used with minimal customization to satisfy the majority of process action requirements although it is to be appreciated that other modules can be added to the subset. Behavior can be a determining factor in the classification of Equipment Modules, for example.
The module components 102 or phase components 108 can be an association of logic with one or more resources. The logic includes program code that can alter the state of a resource for example, ladder code, function chart, script, JAVA, C code, and so forth. The resources are those components or elements that perform an activity in a system including equipment and personnel that perform work in a system. Other examples of types of resources include Equipment, Material, Personnel, Segments and Storage. Personnel and equipment (machines) can perform activities in a system. Resources that can perform work can be classified as active resources (e.g., CNC machine, Injection molding machine), whereas other equipment resources can be considered passive resources (e.g., sensor, material). In general, the modules hide the user from internal interfaces, messages, and logic specific to the resources yet provide standard or generic interfaces to external systems or between components.
Modules may include other modules including nested modules where standard module behaviors and attribute patterns can be represented using common data model representations for module classes, module templates and module inheritance. Module classes and templates can be maintained in libraries which facilitate access to desired system functionality and further promote system integration. Resources can have various states associated therewith such as common S88 state classifications including idle, hold, abort, run, reset, stop, restart, and so forth where the module can present logic to represent state machines that manage the state of the resource. During application, resource modules (described below) can take on the name of the resource that is the primary focus on the module. For example, an Equipment module is primarily focused on coordination of equipment but may involve personnel in the process. Similarly, a Personnel module is focused on coordination of personnel but may involve other resources in the process. A Control Module that manages a material may be referred to as a Material Control Module and so forth.
It is noted that components associated with the system 100 can include various computer or network components such as servers, clients, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), communications modules, mobile computers, wireless components, control components and so forth which are capable of interacting across a network. Similarly, the term PLC as used herein can include functionality that can be shared across multiple components, systems, and/or networks. For example, one or more PLCs can communicate and cooperate with various network devices across the network. This can include substantially any type of control, communications module, computer, I/O device, sensor, Human Machine Interface (HMI) that communicate via the network which includes control, automation, and/or public networks. The PLC can also communicate to and control various other devices such as Input/Output modules including Analog, Digital, Programmed/Intelligent I/O modules, other programmable controllers, communications modules, sensors, output devices, and the like.
The network can include public networks such as the Internet, Intranets, and automation networks such as Control and Information Protocol (CIP) networks including DeviceNet and ControlNet. Other networks include Ethernet, DH/DH+, Remote I/O, Fieldbus, Modbus, Profibus, wireless networks, serial protocols, and so forth. In addition, the network devices can include various possibilities (hardware and/or software components). These include components such as switches with virtual local area network (VLAN) capability, LANs, WANs, proxies, gateways, routers, firewalls, virtual private network (VPN) devices, servers, clients, computers, configuration tools, monitoring tools, and/or other devices.
Referring now to
Referring now to
At 220, a Unit interface provides a linkage to/from a respective Unit such as described in a typical S88/S95 procedure. This interface 220 determines how the EM 200 interacts with the Unit. A standard Unit interface 220 may be created that applies to all Equipment Module classes. Equipment Modules 200 should be aware of their Unit, where the propagation of mode and faults may be facilitated via the Unit interface 220.
An Equipment interface 230 provides a linkage to/from Equipment (Subordinate EM's and control modules (CM's)). This interface 230 determines how the EM 200 interacts with Equipment. A standard equipment interface can be created that applies to the Equipment Module classes.
At 240, coordination control, and sequencing of equipment refers to the logic associated with commanding the state of subordinate Equipment/Control modules. Generally, coordination and sequencing is facilitated via the Equipment Interface 210. Coordination and Sequencing may be achieved using a number of different methods, such as via hard coded logic or sequencer. The method is generally not considered part of the Equipment Module. Typically, coordination and sequencing is implementation dependant, and should not be used to determine the definition of class(es).
At 250, behavior describes the functional behavior of a particular Equipment Module 200. A number of the behaviors 250 exhibited by an Equipment Module 200 are common to Equipment Modules. Some equipment modules 200 may exhibit unique behavior. For instance, a Material Transfer may require the ability to restart in addition to under tolerance. Some differences in behavior 250 may be masked on/off using configuration commands. Generally, behavior 250 is a determining factor in establishing the definition of Equipment Module class(es).
At 260, parameters (e.g., process parameters) are data items which are provided by the recipe phase, via the Equipment Phase to the Equipment Module 200. Report (process results) data items at 260 are produced by the Equipment Module 200, and published to the Recipe Phase via the Equipment Phase interface at 210. Generally, equipment modules 200 inherit recipe parameters from Equipment Phases, and process these parameters. Equipment modules 200 produce report data at 260 and provide this data to the Equipment Phase via the interface 210. A standardized data structure may be created for parameter data within the Equipment Module 200. The Equipment Module 200 can also provide the capability to customize this data structure. A standardized data structure may be created for report data within the Equipment Module 200 which can also provide the capability to customize this data structure. Depending on the number of unique data sets required for report/parameters, the processing and production of this data may be a determining factor in the definition of Equipment Module class(es). As shown at 270, other class components in the equipment module 200 can include mode data, permissive data, and command/status data that can be passed to/from the respective interfaces associated with the equipment module.
Configuration commands that change the Behavior 250 are reflected in the class components 270 (e.g., mode, permissives, and command/status) and thus can be compared to a saved validated configuration data structure (validated configuration) 275 for a self determination of a changed configuration, warranting a notification via the report/parameters component 260. The validated configuration 275 may also capture such data for components linked to the unit or equipment interfaces 220, 230. The monitoring of other components can compensate for legacy devices not capable of self-monitoring for configuration changes.
Turning to
A phase interface 310 provides a linkage to/from a respective Recipe Phase (not shown) to control a process. This interface 310 determines how the EP 300 interacts with the Recipe Phase. A standard Phase interface may be created that applies to all Equipment Phase classes, which supports the S88 state model, or subset of the S88 state model, for example. The phase interface should also provide a component to pass report/parameter data.
At 320, an Equipment Module interface provides a linkage to/from the respective Equipment Module such as depicted in
At 330, parameters (process parameters) are data items which are provided by the recipe phase, to the Equipment Phase 300. The Equipment Phase 300 then provides this data to the Equipment Module. Report (process results) data items are produced by the Equipment Module, and published to the Equipment Phase 300. The Equipment Phase then provides this data to the Equipment Phase. Generally, Equipment modules inherit recipe parameters from Equipment Phases. Such modules also produce report data and provide this data to the Equipment Phase 300. Depending on the number of unique data sets required for report/parameters 330, the processing and production of this data may be a determining factor in the definition of Equipment Module class(es).
At 340, behavior describes the functional behavior of a particular Equipment Module. Generally, the Equipment Phase 300 should support the S88 state model, a subset of the S88 state model, or similar models. Typically, all Equipment Phases exhibit similar behavior. Differences in behavior may be masked on/off using configuration. Behavior 340 is generally not a determining factor in establishing the definition of Equipment Module class(es) described above. As shown, one or more S88 states may be controlled at 350.
The highest level of the control architecture, such as the process cell 414, may set the mode. As an example, modes may include Auto, Semi-Auto and Manual. Based on configuration information modules at a lower level in the hierarchy may inherit this mode from the module above. The validated configuration, for instance, may require an Auto mode be inherited by the rest of the architecture, or other modes based on configuration information.
An example of a control module 402 is a Two State Valve Control Module used to operate and monitor a standard mechanical valve used in production facilities. This type of valve opens and closes based on commands issued by this module. The control module also monitors feedback from the valve, if present, to indicate whether it is open or closed. This device functions via the control system in auto and manual mode. Commands are provided to allow auto and manual mode control for the device. A separate set of Open/Close commands exist for each mode. Auto commands are only issued by controller logic, and manual commands are only issued from the HMI. Violation of this operation will result in a fault of the device. By modifying a control module instance's configuration data, the behavior of a particular module instance can be modified. An example of this would be changing a valve from type "Normally Open" to type "Normally Closed" via the Reverse Acting configuration bit. Once all device configurations are considered valid, an individual of appropriate authorization level may save the current settings. If the control module's configuration settings ever deviate from the saved setting, an indication will appear on the HMI faceplate. An authorized individual will then have the opportunity to save the current configurations or restore the previously saved configuration.
An illustrative data structure for tracking the configuration pertinent to an control module 402 is provided in Table 1.
An illustrative data structure for tracking the configuration pertinent to an equipment module 404 is provided in Table 2. An Equipment Module—General as defined by S88 is the following: An equipment module is a functional group of equipment that can carry out a finite number of specific minor processing activities. An equipment module is typically centered around a piece of process equipment (e.g., a weigh tank, a process heater, a scrubber, etc.). This term applies to both the physical equipment and the equipment entity. Examples of minor process activities are dosing and weighing. By modifying an Equipment Module—General instance's configuration data, the behavior of a particular module instance can be modified. Once all module configurations are considered valid, an individual of appropriate authorization level may save the current settings. If the Equipment Module—General configuration settings ever deviate from the saved setting, an indication will appear on the HMI faceplate. An authorized individual will then have the opportunity to save the current configurations or restore the previously saved configuration.
An illustrative data structure for tracking the configuration pertinent to an unit module 412 is provided in Table 3. A Unit is an element of the physical model within the ISA S88.01 standard. As an example each vessel, tank, mixer, machine, etc. . . . within the control system would be considered a Unit. A Unit module is based in a Programmable Logic Controller. Within S88 hierarchy the Unit exists above the Equipment Modules and Control Modules. The Unit is responsible for managing the equipment that is associated to that unit. These responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the following: Mode propagation; Fault propagation; Vessel Management; Batch Campaign Management.
In order to avoid unauthorized changes to the configuration that would defeat validation or create other problems, degrees of security codes are incorporated into the various layers of the hierarchy. In particular, a high degree of clearance is required to save a configuration.
Referring now to
Returning to
Referring now to
Attributes presented below are represented associations from the module to objects which may be internal in a common data model or elsewhere (e.g., CAD Files). At 820, standard public interfaces can be provided. These interfaces 820 publish verbs 824 that are available to external systems and are documented activities that hide the complexity of the underlying code used to implement the interface. Interfaces 820 can be considered into at least two common usage scenarios. For example, interfaces 820 can be used as access points that can be used to hook in real time diagnostics, security and so forth.
Public verbs 824 initiate an action within the module. The activity is described to clients of the interface 820. The implementation is considered private and is not presented to clients—for example, Open, Stop, Abort, Shut, and so forth. A data value property 810 provides public access to information that is used by the module during its operation and can be provided by request values and/or internal values (or an equivalent). The association of logic to transfer request values to internal values and vice versa are referred to as get and set logic for the value. It is noted that in a controller, if there is not a set routine to transfer request values to internal values, the internal value can overwrite the request value on the next scan providing read only capability.
In general, the properties 810 can be considered in at least two classifications. States have special significance for production systems and can have a specific set of values that can be represented by range or enumeration. A state can represent the current status of the primary resource being encapsulated by the module e.g., Percent open, Mode, Service (in, out), and so forth. Information that is used by the module during its operation includes access to data that is provided by interfaces 820. e.g., Conversion Map, Name, Description, expiry date, personnel contact information. Some properties 810 can be common to all instances of resource modules (e.g., scanned copy of resource specification documents), whereas other properties 810 are specific to each module instance (e.g., Status, percent open).
At 830, internal resource interfaces include interfaces from logic 840 in the module to the resource being managed at 850, where the logic includes code and/or configuration that processes a command and/or updates state and data properties. In some cases, this can be hardware such as I/O interfaces, or in other cases it is to subordinate resource control modules that have direct interfaces. Some examples include I/O mapping, material management logic routines, and so forth. These interfaces 830 are internal to the module enabling the module's public interfaces 820 and properties 810 to be the boundary to other system components. Modules that wrap different resources but support the same public properties/interfaces can be exchanged without disrupting interfaces to other components. Generally, I/O mapping and system messaging interfaces are exposed during deployment bind processes. When bound, external interfaces 820 to runtime systems may then consider these interfaces as internal.
At 860, alarm and event messages can be provided which include messages that exposed as runtime messages visible to external systems during the execution of the module. This includes alarms and events explicitly coded by the developer and system messages promoted to be visible by external systems. At 870, one or more artifacts include information that document the operation and structure of the resource such as for example, wiring diagrams, warranties, payroll, parts supplier information, and so forth. Visualization aspects include associated graphics that present the resource state and properties to applications interacting with the resource. For example: faceplates, icons, state overlays, edit dialogs, help files. At 880, system messages allow modules to listen for and publish data model messages to external components. Inbound messages are typically used to manage modules (configure, initialize, propagate properties, and so forth) and publish messages on module activity (resource state, data model messages, and so forth).
Turning to
At 910, an Equipment Control Module (Common name="Control Module") CM. The simplest form of basic regulatory control of equipment. Encapsulating the equipment and its control such as control of values, drives, and so forth. At 920, a Material Control Module (MCM) can be provided. Management of Material resource instances which are represented as sub-lots including change in location, quality status, availability, order status, logic that can be performed on material sub-lots, generation of material events such as consumed, produced and moved events, sub-lot combination, expiry dates, and so forth.
At 930, a Personnel Control Module (PCM) is provided. This includes management of individual people such as Active, Idle, Break states directly or via shift schedules. This also includes data associated with people such as shift time patterns, for example. Other attributes that may be managed by PCM 930 are a person's location in a plant (GPS), qualification checks, or current assignment, for example. At 940, a Segment Control Module (SCM) includes manipulation of simple segment tasks such as piping paths, AGV paths, device state machines, robotic sequences and so forth. The SCM 940 typically performs an action on one segment such as next step to execute after the current step. At 950, a Storage Control Module (STGCM) includes Manipulation of simple storage logic such as buffer capacity and ordering into and out of a queue for the respective storage unit or requirement.
Before proceeding it is noted that other types of modules are possible than shown. For instance, a configuration module may include management definitions and configuration of resources—personnel, segments, equipment, segments, storage, and so forth. Another type of module includes nested modules where a module references other modules. These modules may be children of a parent module or shared from one module to another. Resource modules may include resource control modules however resource control modules should not include resource modules. Modules can include modules focused on other resource types, for example an equipment module may include equipment modules and material modules.
At 1140, a Segment Module provides coordination of segment modules and segment control modules and to execute sequences of tasks represented by segments. Segments define resource requirements and ordering that can represent most production and process activities. This module provides access to more complex tasks that require specific sequences to be followed e.g., Process Analytics Technology (PAT) integration, electronic signatures collection, defect, process deviation and fault recovery processing. The segment module 1140 may also construct a sequence to be followed that can be applied as manual, automatic or semi automatic sequences (e.g., Route, recipe execution) At 1150, a Storage Module provides coordination of storage related activities, allocation of storage to requesters, modeling of inventory calculations and so forth. This also includes interaction with higher-level systems that manage storage and inventory information.
Resource capabilities 1210 include the resource 1220 required to perform work in a production system. Consequently, resources 1220 are at the centre of efficiency, capacity, scheduling and arbitration considerations. A resource's ability to work or be available to allow work to commence is represented as resource capability at 1230. The existence of capability 1230 associated with a resource 1220 does not make the resource available for production; the resource's capability 1230 is associated with organizational units 1240 that are will support the respective resource capability. For example, an operator (personnel resource) may have qualifications for a Mixer in line 1, where this qualification capability is only in effect with that specific mixer unless explicitly directed. Resource arbitration algorithms can search for resource capabilities 1230 in the scope of organizational units 1240 they are to be executed within.
Resources 1220 publish capabilities to organizational units 1240 for use by system processes in a given scope. Modules are a type of resource and can be accessed directly by published capabilities 1210. However, a more common interface to Resource Modules is via verbs that are supported by the Resource Module noted above. These verbs are Resource Control elements (phases, operations, procedures . . . ) which are segments. A published capability of a resource module is typically one of the phases supported the module. Resource control interfaces are published (made available) to the outside world as capabilities 1210. Resource modules provide the ability to promote a command to become a resource control interface.
Some process control systems are built using only Resource control modules (especially control modules). Examples of this are continuous processes such as petrochemical and heavy chemical plants. In order to initiate, the process takes a plant up to its running state or makes a change to the state of a series of commands that are initiated and coordinated to achieve the new state. It is also possible to promote commands from resource control modules to appear as capabilities that can be accessed as "tuning knobs" for tweaking the system between system states. As shown in the model 1200, the resource 1220 and capability can be associated with a higher-level class or abstraction 1250.
What has been described above includes various exemplary aspects. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing these aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Accordingly, the aspects described herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Most Popular Publications
These publications are the most viewed resources on the website.
|Total Views
|Sort by Title ↕
|Ready for College
Much has been written lately that asks the question -- are young people across this country ready for college? The Forum for Youth Investment, Connect for Kids, Voices for America's Children and many state Kids Count organizations have developed this series for state advocates to share the vision, messages and state policies being proposed to improve the college readiness of youth.
|Building Quality Improvement Systems: Lessons from Three Emerging Efforts in the Youth-Serving Sector
Quality is fast becoming a policy priority in states and localities around the country. As a result, formal and informal networks of youth organizations are seeking and developing strategies to help them assess and improve performance.
|Youth Today: Wanted: Youth Work Principles in Schools
By Karen Pittman, July 2008
Seven students recently joined me for breakfast in a windowless conference room in Des Moines to talk about "the high school dropout crisis." They were experts: Five had dropped out. Another had come very close.
|Out-of-School Time Policy Commentary #12: Unpacking Youth Work Practice
The Forum's OST Policy Commentary series is back! In this issue we discuss the implications of recent research led by Bart Hirsch, Reed Larson and Charles Smith. Each study helps deepen our understanding of youth work practice and can inform policy strategies aimed at developing a strong, stable, committed and prepared OST workforce.
|Directions to the Cady-Lee House
The Cady-Lee House (www.cadylee.org) is located at 7064 Eastern Avenue NW on the southeast corner of Piney Branch Road and Eastern Avenue in Takoma, D.C., adjacent to Takoma Park, Maryland.
|Core Principles for Engaging Young People in Community Change
Engaging young people as partners in community change is a compelling idea, but translating that idea into effective practice requires focused attention to a range issues. The principles described in this paper emerged from the commingling of research and practice that occurred when the Forum for Youth Investment merged with Community IMPACT! USA.
|Out-of-School Time Policy Commentary #13: "Speaking in One Voice"
This commentary highlights the work of the Collaborative for Building After-School Systems, a collaborative of mature, city and county-wide nonprofit OST intermediaries, to develop and adopt common youth-, program- and system-level measures that are easy and cost-effective for local systems to implement.
|Out-of-School Time Policy Commentary #17: The Common Core Standards: What do they Mean for Out-of-School Time?
The expansion of the Common Core State Standards in education opens new doors for out-of-school time (OST) providers to align their work with schools.
|Youth Today: Ready for Life: Yes, That Means College
By Karen Pittman, December 2008
The core belief here at the Forum for Youth Investment – that all young people should be Ready by 21 – ready for college, work and life – often provokes public criticism. The exchanges typically go like this:
"Not every young person needs to go to college," calls out one person from an audience. True, I say, but all should be ready to.
|Youth-Adult Partnerships in Public Action
The Forum partnered with the University of Wisconsin's Center for Nonprofits to publish Youth-Adult Partnerships in Public Action: Principles, Organizational Culture and Outcomes.


text:
The Giant Beastcast: Episode 06
Become Premium to Watch
Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Game »
consists of 1 releases.
Released Aug 31, 1996
Sure, these days have almost every game sporting the newfangled 3D, but way back when, everyone had to live with plain old 2D. 2D, or two dimensions, limit the game to scrolling backgrounds, but some games even now make use of this basic concept.
An Artificial Intelligence Construct is a synthetic technological creation that is a part of a bigger whole. The AI Construct can be a self aware computer or simply a grouping of technologies that come together to form one large being.
A foreign language natively spoken by extraterrestrial biengs from another planet or galaxy
Extraterrestrials appear in many video games in a variety of styles. Sometimes they're evil, sometimes they're benevolent, and sometimes they're very similar to humans.
The act of turning one thing into another, be it lead into gold or earth into air.
Instrumental music, often electronic, that does not follow conventional music structures, instead using various sounds to create a mood. Ambient music can evoke many different feelings in the listener, from tranquility to creeping dread.
Attributes are a numerical representation of a character's abilities who have their roots in RPGs. Today, attributes have spilled over to a wide range of game genres.
Backtracking is the act of navigating through previously explored areas, usually for the purpose of progressing in an objective-based adventure game. Players who are lost may also backtrack to reorient themselves.
Begging various NPCs can sometimes earn the beggar a few pieces of silver, but other times it will simply draw the ire of the NPC.
Betrayal is when a person breaks the trust and faith that others have placed in them.
Video game bosses are usually the main antagonist, and arch nemesis of the main protagonist. In most cases the end of a game is when the main character defeats the final boss.
Games which feature characters who have an accessible character screen which might include their stats / abilites / inventory etc.
When you have a code number or a password to type to use a device, you have to type the code
Games that ask the player whether they are sure about the decision that they have just made.
Most commonly found in older RPGs, fellow party members will follow exactly one square behind you/another party member.
Games involving any form of vehicular crash landing or emergency landing.
These games let players see the credits without needing to play the game first.
An attack that does more damage than usual, usually affected by random chance and some sort of modifier.
The head of a group of devout people who follow their crazy beliefs. Can often be dangerous.
Cults don't necessarily have to be evil or out to destroy the world, but in video games it's usually safe to assume so.
Currency has all forms in video games. It is used to buy characters, vehicles, weapons, and more.
DoT effects are most commonly found in Role Playing Games, and it describes the effects of a gameplay mechanic (often a magic spell) that causes incremental damage over a period of time such as a fire spell leaving someone to continually burn.
Darkness is used in games to restrict access, increase tension, or just to set a mood. Often the player has access to a light source that can mitigate its effect.
Environments cycle between day and night, often with effects on other aspects of the game.
The main line of distinction between victory or failure in video games, death is the process of a biological being ceasing to be alive.
Dialogue trees are a feature through which the player selects responses from a list of choices, eliciting reactions from NPCs and determining the path of the conversation and story.
A game mechanic in which you can interact with another country/civilization. Usually games allow you to declare war, offer peace, trade, etc. using diplomacy.
Dream sequences are a narrative and gameplay mechanic that present the thoughts or events that occur in dreams.
Durability refers to the condition of your currently equipped weapons and armor, among other things. Overusing the said item without repair generally results in it breaking or otherwise becoming non-functional. Many games with role-playing elements incorporate this feature.
An engineer is a class or character specializing in construction and repairs, often in dangerous war environments.
This edit will also create new pages on Giant Bomb for:
Until you earn 1000 points all your submissions need to be vetted by other
Giant Bomb users. This process takes no more than a few hours and we'll
send you an email once approved.
Because you're new to wiki editing, we sent your
submission off to our moderators to check it over. Most
changes are approved within a few hours. We'll send an
email when it is.
Once you've earned over points you'll be able
to bypass this step and make live edits to our system.
Until then, gain points by continuing to edit pages.
No changes were submitted, nothing was done! Please make changes to the wiki!
Thanks for continuing to improve the site. Some of your changes are
now live. However, some of your changes were sent to moderation because you do not
have enough points to make those live edits. You need points to
live edit the changes you commited.
For the changes that went through, our robot math gave you points for this
Thanks for continuing to improve the site. Your changes are
now live. Our robot math gave you points for this
Use your keyboard!
Log in to comment


text:
Forgot Password? | Not a User? Sign up
Your browser does not support iframes.
The incredible news that the S.C. Department of Revenue's computers were hacked shocked everybody last week. If you are reading this article, do not ignore this news. It most likely affects you!
We know that anybody who has filed a state tax return since 1998 is potentially a victim of this cyber identity theft. It includes Social Security Numbers and credit card numbers for more than 3.6 million people. It includes your dependents and minor children. It also includes your business' Federal Tax ID number if you are a small business owner.
One of the jobs my older brother, Pete, had during his early years was running an establishment on the north side of Lancaster called Twin Pines. It was complete with a small bowling alley and restaurant. It was the type of business establishment that attracted a variety of people and lots of them.
Numbers never lie.
It's easy to measure the impact Sun City Carolina Lakes in Indian Land is making in Lancaster County.
Since its beginning in 2005, the 1,512-acre active adult community on Charlotte Highway has become one of the fastest growing subdivisions in the nation.
According to the Charlotte Business Journal, the development led the Charlotte region in the number of new single-family homes, with 205 closings in 2011.
It's impact is being felt in other ways, as well.
Jobs have been the No. 1 issue on every candidate's mind during this year's election.
The Lancaster County Chamber of Commerce co-sponsored two candidate forums this year on the campus of the University of South Carolina Lancaster featuring candidates of local races including Lancaster City Council, school board, Lancaster County council, sheriff, S.C. House District 44 and U.S. House District 5. In every race, jobs and the economy were at the forefront of the discussion.
As you know, Jimmy Neal, longtime State House representative, will be retiring and his seat is up for election this November.
I made the decision in November 2011 to run for the District 44 State House seat and would like to share a bit of information about who I am and what my intentions are.
I would like to take this opportunity to speak with the residents of Lancaster County in regards to my candidacy for the office of Lancaster County sheriff. I am a lifelong resident of Lancaster County. After obtaining my high school diploma, I pursued an education in higher learning, where I obtained degrees in business and management.
Throughout the course of the campaign season, I have been asked why the sheriff's race is a partisan election. It's a good question, particularly when you consider that the sheriff is responsible for enforcing the laws, not just those passed by a particular political party. A sheriff does not make the law or adjudicate the law – a sheriff enforces the law.
On Nov. 6, the residents of Lancaster County District 5 will select their representative for County Council. After owning businesses in Lancaster County for more than 30 years and serving on the Lancaster County Planning Commission, I understand the issues that face our county from both the private and public sectors.
Over the last four years, Lancaster County Council has made great strides in moving Lancaster County forward.
Copyright © 2015
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


text:
Windhoek — The man convicted of assaulting and raping his daughter could face a stiffer sentence if the State's appeal against his sentence in the Windhoek High Court succeeds in the Supreme Court.
Judge Nate Ndauendapo sentenced the man, who may not be identified to protect the identity of his victim, to a 14-year jail term. The State is however not satisfied with the sentence and has lodged an appeal with the Supreme Court, for it to decide whether or not the sentence is appropriate and commensurate with the crime.
The State bases its appeal application on the presumption that the judge erred when he found that the 11 months the accused spent in custody while the trial was on constitutes substantial and compelling circumstances that justified a departure from the mandatory minimum sentences prescribed by the Combating of Rape Act.
The State also argues that Judge Ndauendapo determined the existence of substantial and compelling circumstances based on the circumstances of the accused at the exclusion of all other factors normally taken into account in sentencing and that the judge departed from the mandatory prescribed minimum sentences of the Combating of Rape Act for flimsy reasons that do not stand scrutiny.
The State is also not pleased that the judge ordered the sentence of one-year imprisonment imposed in respect of the assault charge to run concurrently with the sentence on the charge of rape. Hence, the State argues, the High Court imposed a sentence that is shockingly lenient when the circumstances of the accused are weighed against the circumstances of the offence, as well as the interests of society.


text:
Questions on Bugaboo Camper
No questions asked yet
Ask Your Own QuestionBack to the product page
GSI - Bugaboo Camper
Quick OverviewCar campers, take notice!
- Description
Amazingly compact design is fully equipped for the Gourmet needs of campers and is reconfigurable for everything from 2 person backpacking to 4 person car camping.
Rugged stuff sack holds set and doubles as a sink or wash basin.
Color-coded items provide personalized tableware settings.
Exclusive folding gripper locks on to exterior brackets to prevent scratching and to provide a secure handle while cooking. Unique design compacts for nested storage.
Crushproof, heat-resistant strainer lid and silicone ring will not deform in packs and works with either the pot or the frypan.
- Specifications
Manufacturer GSI Weight 58.1 oz. Size 4 - Person Mfg Sku/Part Number 44221 Material Aluminum Non Stick Non Stick Teflon Volume 3 L Pot
2 L Pot
4 x 14 fl. oz. insulated mug
4 x 14 fl. oz. bowl
Dimensions 9.10 in. x 9.10 in. x 5.80 in. Insulated Yes - Insulated Other Features Bugaboo
Bugaboo is the dependable, non-stick option for all your outdoor cooking needs. These high-quality aluminum pots and pans are light enough for backpacking, yet heat evenly enough to satisfy the most demanding camp cook. On the outside, the durable, high temperature paint on Bugaboo series cookware protects the aluminum core from both abrasion and oxidation and provides a beautiful, gloss finish. Plus, each piece is fully-formed then coated with two layers of durable nonstick coating for added scratch resistance.
Non-Stick Coated Aluminum, Polypropylene, Nylon 6-
3 L Pot
2 L Pot
2 Strainer Lids
9 in. Frypan
4 x 14 fl. oz. insulated mug
4 14 fl. oz. bowls
4 7.5 in. plates
4 Sip-It Tops
Folding Pot Gripper
Welded Sink.
- Product Reviews
- Product Reviews
- Questions and Answers
- Video


text:
Only hotels in Laredo are listed below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Laredo, TX for your personal leisure or group travel. Explore the most favored Laredo Texas hotel rooms. Review the Laredo hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Laredo hotels. Group booking? Search Laredo Group Hotel DiscountsThe Laredo center point is around 3 miles from Laredo International Airport and 5 miles from Nuevo Laredo Quetzalcoatl Intl. Airport.
Laredo Hotels/Motels & Accommodations
Next 20 Laredo Hotels > [1 - 20 of 25]
Next: See My Laredo Hotels with Pricing >
Below are reviews of the city of Laredo, TX from an actual visitor's perspective.
|Sharon G., from
|Date of Review:
|Score of City:
5.0 / 5
"Rich Culture "
A few of us went to La Carretera a restaurant close by and it was delicious. They even had a great Trio that sang that evening. The food there was generously portioned and delicious. Went by the Mall and loved it as well. In all I just love the abundance of culture. We had our conference at TAMIU and being one of the first times on the campus loved the beauty of it. Anyone worried about crime or hostility, do not let it deter you my group of 80+ had a great time and felt safe the entire time. Thank you, Laredo, TX for a great time.


text:
What does an iPhone similar touchpad on a laptop have to do with the Blackberry storm again?
MacBooks To Have Blackberry Storm-style "Touch Click" Pad?
RIM calls it "ClickThrough" and introduced their version with the Blackberry Storm. While we here at TiPb were initially dubious, Crackberry.com was apparently right about the Storm as the Big Sites loved it quite a bit. Still, we never saw Apple adopting it, and it's scroll-click metaphor, to the iPhone, but it looks like they may have already put a similar concept to use in the new MacBooks set to be announced today. Daring Fireball has the spoiler alert:
The new trackpad is similar to the Air's, in that it is bigger and supports additional multi-touch gestures. But unlike the Air's, the MacBook Pro's new trackpad is made of glass, and is a button itself. You just press and it clicks. This is not like the current software option where you can enable "Tap to Click" in the trackpad preferences, but instead a glass trackpad that acts as a physical button, with a click you can feel. Sounds odd, but I hear it's very cool in practice.
TiPb will be live meta-blogging the Spotlight Turns to MacBook's event today, which starts at 1pm EDT/10 am PDT. See you here!
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
MacBooks To Have Blackberry Storm-style "Touch Click" Pad?
What does an iPhone similar touchpad on a laptop have to do with the Blackberry storm again?
The Storm has a flexible plastic screen with tiny springs under that provide the tactile feedback. The iPhone has a glass ouch-resistive screen. So one has nothing to do with the other; what could be a pointer to the future of the iPhone is the presumably new haptic feedback technology of the MacBook touchpad. Apple had changed the final design of the iPhone to ship with the current optical glass screen after SJ denied it with a plastic screen. The plastic, spring-loaded screen was considered for the iPhone but durability concerns eventually aborted its utilization.
Wow... if it IS in fact another screen with UI controls? that would be amazing...
I can't wait!
GEEKING OUT UNTIL 1pm!!
Does everyone forget how the Mighty Mouse works?http://www.apple.com/mightymouse
I say RIM copied Apple's idea


text:
"There is nothing like being at Michie Stadium on the banks of the Hudson River with the leaves changing during the third weekend in October. The scenery is incredible. And how about the inspiration drawn from being at such a historic landmark? You see the statues of MacArthur, Patton and Eisenhower. Then on game day morning, you have the pleasure of witnessing the Cadet Parade. And how about when the cadets sing 'On Brave Old Army Team?' That is an unbelievable moment."
- Mel Kiper Jr., ESPN.com
"Somewhere in the world of college football, there might be a more beautiful place where young men can pull on their uniform and play an autumn game. But right now, it is impossible to imagine such a thing..."
- John Lopez, Houston Chronicle
6 hours prior to kickoff - Parking Lots Open - Click here for detailed parking information.
4.5 hours prior to kickoff - Shuttle Buses Begin Running - Click here for detailed shuttle information
3 hours prior to kickoff - Cadet Review on "The Plain"
One of the time honored traditions of a West Point game day, a full-dress cadet parade takes place on "The Plain" three hours prior to kickoff (weather permitting) for every home game.
3 hours prior to kickoff - Black Knights Alley Opens
Black Knights is the Fan Fest that runs along Mills Road, between Michie Stadium and Lusk Reservoir. Black Knights Alley features live music, inflatable's for kids, food and beverage, beer tent, face painting, autograph tables with members from various Army teams, a different interactive sport every game, tailgate show, as well as other venders. Black Knights Alley is open until kickoff; however the tailgate tent remains open until the end of the fourth quarter.
3 hours prior to kickoff - Fort Putnam Opens
Open to the public on game days, Fort Putnam is one of the series of forts and redoubts that protected the Great Chain across the Hudson and blocked British Naval ships and supplies from using this water route to Canada (not handicapped accessibledue to the nature of the grounds).
2.5 hours prior to kickoff - Pre-Paid Ticket Will Call Window Opens
The Pre-Paid Ticket Will Call Window is located by Gate 3 of Michie Stadium. This window is for people that have purchased tickets within the 10 days prior to the game, or have made other arrangements in advance.
2 hours prior to kickoff - Michie Stadium Opens
At 10:00 a.m., the gates open along with everything else that Michie Stadium has to offer, including the concessions and merchandise stands.
2 hours prior to kickoff - Army Football Tailgate Show Begins
The Army Football Tailgate Show is the pregame radio broadcast from Black Knights Alley, outside of Michie Stadium. The show is hosted by John Minko, Joe Beckerle and Tony Morino, and can be heard on 1340AM WALL and 1390AM WEOK. The tailgate show features an interactive preview of the day's game, along with interviews of varsity athletes of Army teams, and other notable guests that are in attendance that day.
2 hours prior to kickoff - Day of Game Ticket Windows Open
If you would like to purchase tickets the day of the game, you can come to the ticket window at starting at 10:00 a.m.
20 minutes prior to kickoff - Band Takes Field/Cadet March-On/National Anthem
Right around 20 minutes before kickoff, the area inside of Gate 1 shuts down, as the Cadet Regiment marches on to the field. It takes approximately five minutes to complete. Once the 1,000 Cadets are in position on the field, a member of the Cadet Glee Club and the Army Band perform the National Anthem.
10 minutes prior to kickoff - Parachute Demonstration
A fan favorite portion of the game, look skyward as you see West Point cadets jump from a helicopter and land minutes later on the field as they parachute in the official game ball and flags approximately 10 minutes before kickoff.
2 minutes prior to kickoff - Army Team Takes the Field
The Black Knights are led out of the tunnel by the Army Rabble Rousers, mascots, American flag, and a flag representing that week's unit patch that is being worn on the jerseys.
West Point has so much to offer on an Army Football Game Day. Customize your experience based on your preferences or group. Click on the game day plans below for a guide to maximize your trip to West Point.
An Army Football Game Day has continually been ranked as one of the top game day experiences in the country. Between the extensive history, scenic views and interaction among our country's future leaders, a visit to West Point brings lasting memories for groups of all sizes.
Group experiences include:
Scout Days
West Point Tours
Youth Football Experiences
Corporate Outings
Please note that the Army Game Day Experiences are based on availability and advance purchase is required. For more information or to book an outing, please contact the Group Sales Office at 845-446-2375 or email email@example.com to schedule your outing today!
Scout Days at Army Athletics provide one of the most inspiring, exciting, and unique experiences available. Army Sports Marketing has produced award-winning scout days that not only include exciting Division I athletics, but also expose scouts to the history, tradition and values of West Point in addition to providing opportunities to interact with current West Point cadets. All scout attendees are awarded a scout patch for attending. Email firstname.lastname@example.com today for more information on bringing your scout troop to Michie Stadium.
Scout Days and Prices
Click the link below for all you need to know regarding a Scout Day at West Point.
2014 Football Scout Day Information
For more information or to purchase tickets:
To set up a group for Scout Day, please call 845-446-2375.
To be put on a list to receive Scout Day information, send your name, email address and scout troop information to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Camping at Lake Frederick
Camping is available for scouts at West Point's Lake Frederick. For more information, please call 845-938-2503 or click here.
Kickoff your West Point experience with a tailgate! From do-it-yourself to full service catered tailgates, community tailgates and everything in between, there is nothing like a tailgate at West Point.
Click the link below for additional information on Tailgates at West Point.
Tailgating Information
Informative and fun, there is no better way to experience the sweep of America's history than with a walking tour of West Point. Historic figures such as George Washington, Robert E. Lee, U.S. Grant, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower and even Benedict Arnold all have walked these grounds and contributed to West Point's story. Along with the history and stories, you will enjoy the breathtaking vistas of the Hudson Highlands, one of the most scenic spots in the Northeast. For more information on booking your group tour on an Army Game Day, call our group sales office at 845-446-2375 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Your youth football team will have the opportunity to play on the same fields that the Army Football team plays and practices on. 60-Minute pregame and post-game youth football experiences are available at Michie Stadium, on Howze Field next to Michie Stadium and in the Foley Athletic Center.
Youth Football Experiences are limited. Due to NCAA regulations, youth football players must be in 8th grade and under. Waiver required to participate. For more information on booking your group, call our group sales office at 845-446-2375 or email email@example.com.


text:
Grey's Anatomy
Spoiler: Who Walks Callie Down the Aisle at Her Wedding?
Wedding bells are ringing May 5th for the newest mommies on Grey's Anatomy, and while both sets of grandparents will be in town for the nuptials, it looks like Callie (Sara Ramirez)'s may never come around to her chosen lifestyle. Jessica Capshaw (Arizona Robbins) whispered to TV Line that extenuating circumstances will prevent Papa Torres from walking Callie down the aisle. Her mom, Lucia, isn't on board, either. In fact, it's only with the help of her officiator (none other than Dr. Bailey), that Callie musters up the courage to walk down the aisle at all.
So who's giving her away? One guess, and it ends with "Steamy."
"Mark ends up giving her away, which is really sweet," Sara Ramirez reveals. "He has always been Callie's best friend, through thick and thin…and now they have a child together. They're bonded for life, basically!" Psh, like anyone didn't see that coming. But, it's sweet and appropriate, so we're in support.
Now, guess which couple is conspicuously absent from the wedding. MerDer! Rumors are already swirling that they might be waiting in the wings for a double wedding surprise after Callie and Arizona tie the knot. Hmm, possible, but more likely Meredith is stuck at home either seething with jealousy or still beating herself up over her ill-wishing towards Callie for her fortunate fertility.
Source: TV Line
Spoiler: Deets On Calzona's Wedding (Yes, It's Really Happening)
The Grey's Anatomy Musical Episode Was Most Watched Episode of the Season


text:
Seller Information
Learn more about 20" Shimano 6 Speed Folding Bike (Silver):
Manufacturer: SKY
Mfg Part#: SKY407
Sku: 217624323
Sales Rank: 12625
See more in Comfort Bikes
|Best Choice Products Presents to you, this brand new silver Shimano folding bike. These bikes are absolutely great. Simply fold the bike, and you will be able to easily store into any car. Great for traveling and everyday bike use. NO ASSEMBLY REQUIRED. We can guarantee you the best price on the market. Our Folding Bikes are of excellent quality, and we will provide all of our customers with a money back guarantee. We purchase all of our products directly from the manufacturer, so you know you're getting the best prices possible NEW PRODUCT WITH FACTORY PACKAGING (not used or refurbished) FEATURES: Shimano 6-speed derailleur & freewheel Color matching front and rear tail fenders Color matching front and rear anodized alloy wheels 22" Wide chrome plated alloy handle bar. Front and rear hand brakes Hi-tensile steel designer folding frame 20"x 1.5" flame thread cruiser tires Body colored chain guard Adjustable and quick release chrome plated seat post Chrome plated alloy stem Folding paddles w/ reflectors One piece chrome plated crank arm Heavy-duty coaster brake Heavy-duty chrome plated kick stand Seat height adjustable Handle bar height adjustable Adjustable 24" to 42" height quick-release seat post Adjustable 36" to 46" height quick-release handlebars High quality bike for everyday use and a comfortable ride Maximum weight 250 lbs For ages 7 and up Bike weight is 32 lbs No need for a bike rack Folds in three simple steps NO ASSEMBLY REQUIRED. SPECIFICTIONS: Silver finish Shimano 6-speed shifter SHIFTERS: Shimano RS35 FRAME: 20" Folding Bike Hi-Tensile Steel HANDLE BARS: Retro Alloy Handlebar FORK: Hi-Ten Steel CRANKSET: One Piece Steel Chrome Plated Crank. REAR DERAILLEUR: Shimano RDTZ 50 BRAKES: Alloy V-Brakes STEM: Alloy Tall Cool SEAT POST: Steel Chrome SPOKES: Stainless Steel 14G. RIM: Alloy Silver Front/Rear TIRES: 20" X 1.5 Double Wall. KICK STAND: Heavy Duty Kick Stand PLEASE NOTE: Our digital images are as accurate as possible. However, different monitors may cause colors to vary slightly. Some of our items are handcrafted and/or hand finished. Color can vary and slight imperfections are normal for metal as the hand finishing process as we feel, adds character and authenticity to those items. >/br>
View all buying options for 20" Shimano 6 Speed Folding Bike (Silver)
45-Day RETURNS
Low Prices! Brand New! Huge Sale
Shipping: Usually ships in 1 to 2 business days
Condition: Brand New
About the Seller
Seller Description
Best Choice Products, also known as Sky Billiards, Inc., was founded on October of 2002. Our company began its course selling pool tables, but in order for our business to expand we needed to be more diverse with our products. That motivated us to expand by selling musical instruments and patio furniture. Now Best Choice Products has a wide range of products that will fulfill all of our customers' needs from children items, pet products, to everyday household items and much more. Best Choice Products ensures to have the best products at the lowest prices by dealing directly with the manufacturers to sell products straight to you. We also pride ourselves on having fulfillment centers in both California and Indiana to help provide our customers with fast free shipping. Best Choice Products appreciates the dedicated staff, and the hard work they put forth every day. We are a family oriented company that places worth in every employee. By having this devoted staff, Best Choice Products has been able to guarantee the satisfaction of our products through quality service, low prices, and fast safe shipping. It is our number one goal to keep you satisfied. We will continue to maintain strong and lasting relationships with our customers in hope that you choose Best Choice Products again for your future purchases.
Marketplace Guarantee ClaimBuyers should receive Marketplace items in the condition that they were listed. We ask buyers to first contact the seller to give them a chance to address any issues. If the seller does not respond or if the issue is not addressed to the customer's satisfaction buyers can rely on our Rakuten.com Marketplace Guarantee Claim which, covers the first $750 of every purchase... read more
Returns Policy
All items can be returned for any reason within 60 days of the receipt. All returned items will receive a full refund and will not be charged a restocking fee. Items should be returned in their original product packaging and all accessories in the original shipment must be included. All returns ...read more
Shipping Info
Free Standard Shipping on all items. All orders ship out same day if payment is received by 12:00 P.M Pacific Standard Time. All orders are shipped out via FedEx Ground or FedEx Home. Transit time is 1-5 business days varying on customer's location to fulfillment center. Tracking numbers will...read more
Recent Feedback


text:
More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Acting Is Believingby McGaw, Charles; Stilson, Kenneth L.; Clark, Larry D.
Wadsworth Publishing
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the 11th edition with a publication date of 1/1/2011.
What is included with this book?
- The Used copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
Related Products
Did you know that "an actor must believe to make his audience believe?" This is the key concept behind ACTING IS BELIEVING. Authors Charles McGaw and Larry D. Clark have influenced thousands of actors, and Kenneth Stilson's update which includes new exercises and updated scripts bring modern relevance to the text. Inside, you'll learn the Stanislavski method and how to perfect using it, along with hundreds of other tips to help you be the flawless actor you are meant to be.