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... or browse for s by name or state
Find an Interior Decorator for projects of any size to develop residential, commercial or industrial solutions. Whether you are planning a renovation or fitout, require selection of interior fititngs or preparing for an entirely new construction, an ideal Interior Decorator for any location across Australia can be found here. All your questions about choosing, hiring and working with Interior Decorators and the complete design and building process are answered below. +
Published by Martyn Sanjay
An interior decorator selects and coordinates the finishes, furnishings, carpets, curtains and related hardware of a room, house or office. They are experts in the aesthetics of a room, and can help to coordinate a colour scheme, purchase and arrange furniture and ensure that the room works as an aesthetically pleasing whole.
You might want to consider employing an interior decorator for a number of reasons:
This will depend on the project that you have in mind. An interior designer can draw plans, remodel and supervise contractors, as well as decorating interiors. If you want to make significant changes to your interior, an interior designer will be a better option. Interior decorators do not have the technical expertise of interior designer but instead deal with aesthetic decisions, such as finishes and furnishings. They are experts in creating an integrated, attractive room.
Generally, an interior decorator will be hired at the end of the construction process or any time after construction is complete. They work with interiors that have already been built and, unlike interior designers, are rarely involved in construction.
As with all design professionals, the cost of an interior decorator varies significantly depending on their experience, education and how well-regarded they are in the industry.
Interior decorators calculate fees in a range of ways. They may charge an hourly rate, a flat fee, a percentage of purchases or 'cost plus'. Cost plus means that the decorator buys products at a discounted 'trade' rate and then marks them up to around retail price, so that the mark-up functions as a design fee. Many interior decorators use a combination of these methods of calculating fees, and you should determine in advance how your decorator will charge you.
Interior decorators can practice without accreditation in Australia. However, accreditation is available through the Design Institute of Australia (DIA), which offers the title of Accredited Designer™ to members of the DIA who participate in their Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program.
Membership of the DIA involves adherence to a code of ethics and at least six years combined education and professional experience, including at least three years of professional experience relevant to their specialisation. Members may display the initials MDIA after their name. A particularly distinguished MDIAs may be elected Fellow of the Design Institute of Australia (FDIA) or Life Fellow of the Design Institute of Australia (LFDIA).
The Trade Practices Act covers fair trading and consumer protection in Australia. Interior decorators are bound by this act. Building Acts and their equivalents do not cover interior decoration in most states.
The peak body (main representative body) covering interior decorators is the Design Institute of Australia. Members agree to adhere to a code of ethics and may have their membership revoked if they breach this code.
The Office of Fair Trading in each state is the consumer watchdog responsible for most disputes involving interior decorators.
Specifier.com.au provides a database of interior decorator. Some interior decorators may also be employed by retail outlets or major department stores such as David Jones. Depending on how much you spend at these stores, these services may come free, but keep in mind that these decorators have a vested interest in encouraging you to buy products from their store.
Ask people you know who have used an interior decorator in the past about who they shortlisted, who they selected, and what their experience was like.
– particularly those whose taste you know and like. These people often work closely with interior decorators and may be able to direct you towards a decorator whose work they like and respect. They can also identify decorators who are organized, efficient and clear about what they need, which could save you time and money.
can recommend up to three qualified interior decorators based on their area of expertise and location.
like Specifier, and many others available from newsagents and large bookstores, review design and decorating projects on the basis that they've won an award, or have otherwise have come to public prominence. That's usually an indication of a good decorator, if not necessarily an affordable one for your project (but you can always check). You could try Vouge Living, House Beautiful, Australian Country Style, Houses, INSIDEout, Australian House & Garden, or Great Decorating Ideas.
There are some awards granted for excellence in interior decoration, which can provide a good indicator of high-quality professionals in this area. Most significantly, the Design Institute of Australia's annual Interior Design Awards includes categories for interior decoration. There are also more specific industry awards, such as the Dulux Colour Awards, which are often offered in order to promote specific industries or companies as well as to recognise excellence in design.
Narrow a list of possibles with a few phone calls. Ask some easy preliminary questions: if they're available, or if they're interested in a project of that size. Have some idea of what it is you want, and try to sum it up in a couple of sentences.
Yes, unless you have had a previous association with an architect that worked well. Don't feel embarrassed about checking a number of options. It's expected.
It's generally recommended to look at three to five in depth.
Many interior decorators, particularly those who are more established, have well-designed websites that include photographs and descriptions of past work. These online portfolios can provide a useful way of getting a feel for the decorator's work, but remember that these websites often feature the decorator's most extravagant and expensive projects.
For this reason, you should also get in touch with the decorator and ask to see examples of projects that are similar in scope and budget to the work that you want done. Make sure that you are as happy with this work as you are with their more upscale projects.
You might also want to arrange a face-to-face interview with your shortlisted decorators. Remember that working with an interior decorator is as much about your taste as it is about their vision, so look for a decorator who seems responsive to their clients. Ask them to explain how their work responded to the client's situation, needs and desires, and then ask for and follow up references or testimonials to see whether past clients agree with the decorator's appraisal.
DIA members or fellows may list the appropriate post-nominal after their name (MDIA, FDIA, LFDIA). They are also entitled to display a certificate attesting to their membership.
Interior decorators do not need any formal qualifications to work in Australia. Some may hold diploma or certificate qualifications in interior decoration, while others may have been trained primarily on the job.
Before you visit anyone, you should be clear on the details of your project. Know how much you can afford to spend, what you want done and how you want it to look. Consider how people use the space and what practical details will need to be taken into account in the decoration process – whether children live in or frequently visit the building, for example. Use magazines to get an idea of your preferred aesthetic.
It is important to have a good personal rapport with a decorator. You may well be ringing each other at all times of the day and night about door handles.
Use the preliminary interview to get a feel for how the interior decorator would work with you and what their priorities are likely to be. Be clear and honest about what you want to do, how much you want to spend and what sorts of effects you want to achieve, and ask their advice on how they would go about achieving this. Look for a decorator who is realistic about what can be accomplished for the price, without ignoring your input or dismissing your ideas. You want someone whose taste, judgments and priorities are compatible with your own, so it is often helpful to take a collection of images from magazines to illustrate what style you have in mind. Above all, look for someone with whom you have a good rapport, who listens to your opinions and seems responsive to your concerns.
When following up a reference, you want to establish how easy and enjoyable the referee found working with this decorator. Ask whether the project came in on time and on budget, whether the decorator was responsive to questions and concerns, whether their fees proved to be higher than expected, how easy they found it to get in touch with the decorator, whether their calls were returned promptly and how enjoyable they found the experience overall.
The brief needs to set out clearly what you want done and how much you are prepared to spend. It should detail your budget, the time frame for completion, the extent of work (and how much the decorator will be responsible for), the style that you are aiming for, your likes and dislikes, and any specific information that you have about preferred finishes, materials, furnishings or colour schemes.
Yes, a contract is an important way to ensure that you will be satisfied with the outcome, and to establish the 'ground rules', in order to prevent disappointment or misunderstandings down the track. Often a clear design brief can form the basis of a contract.
The contract should clearly specify:
At this stage, you should also discuss any other specific requirements that you have. If you have a preferred supplier that you would like to use, or if you are working to a tight schedule, you should tell your decorator now and ensure that you agree upon an outcome and get it in writing.
The decorator needs to collect basic information about the interior that they will work on. They will probably inspect the building and ask questions about how the space is used, your budget and the style or 'look' that you want to achieve.
The interior decorator will use the information gathered during interviews and inspections to begin planning your interior. They will shop for furniture, finishes and materials to get the best price and seek subcontractors to do any necessary painting, carpentry or carpeting work.
Because interior decorating does not involve building work, interior decorators will not produce the kind of detailed technical plans that you may expect from an architect or interior designer. However, many interior decorators can provide sketches of how they want the room to look and plans of how the furniture will be arranged.
You should maintain contact with the interior decorator throughout the process and notify them as soon as possible of any changes to your time frame, budget or needs. If you are unhappy with any decisions made by the decorator, you should discuss your objections with them and ensure that they clearly understand what you want them to do and why you were unhappy with the initial plan or purchase. To save time and money, you should always inform the decorator as early as possible, and ask to approve any large purchases in advance.
You and your decorator should decide in advance on your level of involvement in the finer details of the project. You can ask to personally approve as much as you like – but remember that the more involvement you have, the more it will cost you (in both time and money) and the slower the process will be.
Subcontractors are people or companies that the decorator contracts to perform specialised jobs. For interior decorating work, subcontractors may include painters, tilers and carpenters, among others. Your decorator will instruct you if you need to employ a subcontractor of any kind.
There are a number of ways of choosing a subcontractor, and you should agree upon one with your decorator in advance. You may decide to put a contract out to bid, you may choose to hire a contractor that the decorator has worked with in the past, or you may hire a contractor of your choice.
As a general rule, asking for bids from multiple subcontractors is the best way to guarantee value for money on each individual job. In the absence of other concerns, it is usually advisable to ask for bids on a contract.
If you or your decorator has a preferred subcontractor, you might prefer to offer them the job first. In this case, you would need to weigh the advantages of choosing a subcontractor with whom you are familiar and comfortable, against the possible savings generated by inviting a range of bids. You may feel safer with a known subcontractor and you may find them easier to work with.
You should also remember that bidding takes time and therefore money. If the job is very small, the savings that you attract may not be worth the cost in decorator's fees (particularly if they are charging by the hour).
A tender is the procedure by which the decorator asks for bids on a project. This may be conducted in one of two ways.
An open tender is open to all qualified and interested parties – that is, anyone who can and wants to perform the work you need done. Generally, an open tender is conducted by placing advertisements in newspapers or industry publications.
An invited tender or limited tender asks for bids from a pre-selected group of suppliers. This is a good 'middle road' between an open tender and simply nominating a subcontractor, because the tradespeople and suppliers who are invited to tender for the project are usually known to the decorator or architect. They are usually all high-quality subcontractors with whom the decorator has a good relationship. Generally, an invited tender will ask for bids from five or six subcontractors. These tenders will not be publicly advertised.
When evaluating bids, your decorator is looking for the best value for money. This does not necessarily mean the lowest bidder. In an open tender, they will consider cost, reputation, the quality of past work by the subcontractor, time frame and the methods and plans that the bidders propose for completing the job. In an invited tender, it is usually understood that the quality of all bidders will be satisfactory, and tenders are usually awarded to the lowest bidder. In an invited tender, however, the ability of the subcontractor to complete the job within the time frame may also be a factor.
As the subcontractors are doing their work, the interior decorator will function as your agent. They will purchase materials on your behalf, award contracts with your approval, and perform regular inspections of the premises to ensure that your project is coming along according to plan.
A large proportion of an interior design budget is spent on products such as furnishings, paint, carpeting, tiles, curtains and so on, so unexpected increases in the cost of these products can have a significant impact on your budget. Similarly, if a product included in initial plans proves to be unavailable, you may be forced to use more expensive alternatives. If your decorator is charging 'cost plus' or as a percentage of the total expenditure, these excess costs may also add to decorating fees.
Changes to the initial brief may also increase costs by adding to the time that a decorator devotes to the process and potentially making previous purchases and ideas redundant. Remember that, as the colour schemes and furniture arrangements become more developed and specific, one small change can require a whole range of other alterations, which may add to the time and material costs of the project.
You should discuss your options with your decorator, as they are trained to help you juggle financial, aesthetic and practical considerations. You might consider spreading your project out over a longer time frame, working on a single room instead of the whole house or making more use of furniture that you already own.
Aside from changes to the brief, the availability of products and contractors is likely to influence the expected completion time of the project. If your contractor is especially busy, you may have to wait weeks or months for their services. Similarly, if a key product is out of stock or needs to be custom built, your project may be held up while you await its arrival.
Your level of involvement will also impact on the time required to complete the project. If you expect to approve every decision made by your interior decorator, you should allow for the extra time that this will take – particularly if you are slow to make decisions or difficult to get in touch with.
Because there is no formal accreditation or licensing system for interior decorators in Australia, you should always check the experience and reputation of your interior decorator carefully before work commences and money changes hands. Look for someone with substantial experience who is a member of the Design Institute of Australia. Choosing a member of the DIA also means that your decorator is bound by a code of ethics. If they violate this code (which covers fees and their responsibilities to you and to other decorators, among other things), they risk losing their membership
To prevent unpleasant surprises, you should also agree upon a fee structure and get it in writing before the decorator begins work. Make sure that you set out all fees and charges, including what mark-up the decorator will charge on materials and furniture, and any extra costs that you may incur.
When awarding contracts and purchasing materials, you should also be alert to possible conflicts of interest. If your decorator is influenced by financial concerns or personal attachments, they may not be acting in your best interest. If you think this is a possibility, ask for all contracts to be put out to tender and request to see different bids or prices so that you can compare for yourself – but remember that the cheapest deal does not always represent the best value and that your decorator may be doing you a favour by choosing a more expensive but more reputable product or subcontractor.
Above all, you should set out a clear and comprehensive contract before you begin. Getting your agreement in writing will give you a better chance of achieving redress if anything goes wrong. It will also clarify the expectations of both parties and therefore help to avert conflict in the first place. Ensure that your contract has a dispute resolution clause. If you are uncertain or if your project is expensive, it is probably worthwhile asking a lawyer to look over it to ensure that it will hold up if challenged.
There are a number of ways of seeking redress if you feel that your interior decorator has not fulfilled the terms of the contract or has otherwise short-changed you.


text:
Gareth Hughes Headed to Precision InsightFebruary 28th, 2000 by Crusader
Gareth Hughes, one of the primary developers working on the Utah-GLX effort, wrote in to the project's mailing list to announce he will be joining Precision Insight to develop Linux 3D support full time:
I have some news, and it`s about time I shared it :)
I`ve resigned from Bell Labs Australia to take up a position a PrecisionInsight Inc. starting sometime in March. I will be relocating to the Statesas soon as the appropriate visas are acquired, and will be working fromAustralia until then.
My new email address is email@example.com, so please direct allpersonal email to that address.
I`m looking forward to working with everyone at PI, as well as continuing mywork on Mesa and the Utah-GLX drivers. It will be great to be working onthis full time – during the day _and_ all night :)

subset: commoncrawl


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I HATE working at weekends. But this is one assignment I'm glad I took. On a dank Saturday evening back in January, I agreed to meet a group of African biotechnologists. They were in Europe to persuade anyone who'd listen that Africa has a lot to gain from agricultural biotechnology, even if Europe hasn't.
The backdrop to our meeting was an ongoing controversy about whether famine-threatened African countries should accept shipments of food aid from the US when the maize supplied had not been segregated into GM and non-GM consignments. Over the past months Zimbabwe and then Zambia had opted to reject the food.
Why did these countries decide it was better to let people starve than accept the aid, I asked my guests. They told me that much of the opposition has its roots in Europe. There was concern, fuelled by European aid organisations and environmental groups, that GM ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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Esha Deol in Darling" src="http://www.india-forums.com/bollywood/images/uploads/darling_2.jpg" align="right" border="" hspace="5" vspace="5">After two consecutive flops at the box-office – "Just Married" and "Cash", Esha Deol has high expectations from "Darling", the twenty-fifth film of her career. It was the first time that she worked with Ram Gopal Varma and the experience has left her reinvigorated. Add to that, she is playing a ghost for the first time.
"The film is full of adventure and romance. Everyone would like to watch it. There's Isha Koppikar with me in the film. But I believe people would enjoy my character more than hers," Esha raved. In the movie, Esha is Geeta, the secretary of a corporate honcho played by Fardeen Khan. He always tries to romance her and one day he kills her. Geeta's spirit then returns to her boss's house to accomplish all the work she had left half-done. "I had no make-up playing Geeta. And anyways, make-up doesn't go well with me," Esha explained.
"I'm much affected by working with Ramuji. I have done scenes in the film that I had never thought of doing before. I have developed my acting talent. I would like to do more films with him," said Esha. Working with RGV was also a big relief after her "Cash" experience. When the "Dhoom" girl had signed the movie, she was all excited about it, but during the shooting itself she couldn't understand what Anubhav Sinha was up to. Finally, when she saw the film on the screen she was completely shocked. Esha recalled: ""Cash" is one film that I just cannot forget. I thought it would give a boost to my career. Instead, the director turned it into a worthless movie. There were some scenes that I could not even understand. The story is about a diamond, and yet, you don't know who gets it in the end. Directors should know what shape the movie would take. So, one cannot put the responsibility on actors when they ruin the project."
Esha Deol in Darling" src="http://www.india-forums.com/bollywood/images/uploads/darling_1.jpg" align="left" border="" hspace="5" vspace="5">Post-"Cash", it took time for the actress to calm down ruffled nerves. "The first two or three days after a film flops are really painful for the actors. Then we decide not to do anything similar again. I'm now much conscious about selecting my films. Besides reading the script carefully, I also check out who the director is. I'm going to work with film-makers like Ramuji only. However, at times even good movies fail to do well at the box-office."
On her part, as an actor, Esha is ready to glam up as much as needed for the character despite avoiding such an image in real life. She said: "It's my duty to portray the character properly. If such is the demand of the character, I have no objection to wearing glamorous dresses. My character in "Dhoom" is one such example."
As of now, Esha has her hands full with interesting assignments. She is in the lead role opposite Shiney Ahuja in "Hijacked", with Tusshar Kapoor in "One Two Three", in a love story by Mahesh Bhatt titled "Jannat" and Rohit Shetty's "Golmaal Returns". She was previously offered "Golmaal" but couldn't accept it.
Hope this is a fresh start for Esha with umpteen opportunities waiting at her doorstep to reach her to Bollywood's top league.
Do you like this article?
|User Rating
|(6 Votes)
|indiaone, tina_sre, Too_Much, o|oNaTaShAo|o, umi82990
she luks pretty wifout make-up atleast she duznt have dat balck thing under her eyes like rani/kajol duz wifout make-up!NO OFFENCE!
Good article/pictures.
i too have high expectations from darling that it will run atleast 2 days
The next few weeks will see Rajeev-Delnaaz Paul, Alex and Shweta ... 1
The royal saga on the life of Rani Padmini on Sony will be on air for ... 33
Isha Koppikar and Timmy Narang were blessed with a baby girl, a year back.
Alia Bhatt has recently had a shoulder injury has thoughtfully used ... 1


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'Fifty Shades' movie finds its Christian Grey...again
A relatively unknown actor has landed the part of the sexually dominant Christian Grey, Yahoo! reports.
Irish actor Jamie Dornan, 31, will replace "Sons of Anarchy" star Charlie Hunnam as Christian Grey in the film adaptation of E L James' best-selling erotic fiction series "Fifty Shades of Grey."
Dakota Johnson, 24, will remain as submissive virgin Anastasia Steele. Johnson is the daughter of actors Don Johnson and Melanie Griffith.
The "Fifty Shades" film will only be Dornan's second major movie credit, having played Count Axel Fersen in Sofia Coppola's "Marie Antoinette" in 2006. He also recently played Sheriff Graham/The Huntsman on ABC's "Once Upon a Time" and a twisted serial killer in "The Fall," a BBC series available on Netflix.
Sam Taylor-Johnson is directing "Fifty Shades of Grey" for Universal Pictures and Focus Features and the movie is slated to open on Aug. 1, 2014.


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1515 Massachusetts
Cambridge, MA
House Rules (policies)
Hemenway Facility Hours
Group Exercise Schedules
Specialty Course
Personal Training
Floor Schedule
Squash Court & Gym Floor Reservation Protocols are listed at
the bottom of the page.
Gymnasium Cardio Equipment
Hemenway offers 60 pieces of assorted cardio equipment, most
with Cardio Theater. This personal television entertains members
with 20 basic cable channels (members must provide earphones). The
cardio equipment is dispersed on two levels: the Entrance Level and
the Upper Gallery.
Stairmasters (2)
Recumbent Bikes (6)
Treadmills (22)
Ergometers (1)
Ellipticals (14)
Total Body Elliptical (8)
Upright Bikes (5)
Equipment Policy
Choose the machine you would like to use. (Note: each machine
has a specific number) Your workout may exceed 30 min ONLY if there
is no reservation before or after yours. (Note: cool down must be
included as part of the 30 min limit) Check the current time.
Please use the wall clock for consistency. Write your name or
initials in your desired 30 min time slot for a specifically
numbered machine. Your machine only is reserved for 5 minutes after
your designated start time. At 5 minutes beyond the half hour, the
machine is considered "available." Slots cannot be filled more than
2 hours in advance. (Note: Names will be removed from the sign up
sheet) NO EXCEPTIONS!
Gymnasium Strength Training Equipment
The lower floor of Hemenway Gymnasium holds a wide variety of
resistance machines and free weights.
Machines include, but are not limited to:
Power Cage Smith Machine
Super Squat
Assisted pull-up and dip machine
Hip abductor and adductor machine
3 racks of dumbbells (5-120lbs)
Weight plates (2.5-45lbs)
4 Hampton Dumbbell racks (2.5-25lbs)
Nautilus Nitro Leg Press
3 Adjustable Olympic Benches
1 Decline Olympic Benches
Plate loaded seated calf raise
The Lower
Gallery also holds our Express Circuit.
For those of you trying to squeeze in a short yet efficient
workout, this floor is designed to quickly work all major muscle
groups. Try one set of 15 repetitions without rest at each of the
eleven stations in order. Use enough weight at each station to make
the last few repetitions difficult. After completing the circuit,
rest for 30 seconds OFF the machines (to avoid monopolizing them
unnecessarily) and repeat from the beginning of circuit. This floor
also has a Hoist Multi-purpose handicapped accessible machine.
Precor Leg Extension
Precor Prone Leg Curl
Precor Lateral Raise
Nautilus Nitro Lower Back
Nautilus Nitro Abdominal
Hoist Rotary Torso
Precor Triceps Extension
Precor Bicep Curl
Icarian Shoulder Press
Precor Vertical Chest Press
Cybex Seated Row
Gymnasium Multi-Purpose Room
Located on the top floor of Hemenway, the multipurpose room holds
all of Hemenway's group exercise and specialty classes. Light,
airy, and mirrored on one side, the room provides space for
stretching as well as access to fitness balls. This space is
dedicated to group exercise and specialty classes. During down
times members and personal trainers can utilize the space for their
Gymnasium Basketball Court
Located on the Second Level, the gym floor at Hemenway houses
recreation basketball and Law School Intramurals. Approximately
5,000 square feet, the floor has six hoops and one small basketball
court. To view the basketball
court schedule please click here.
Hemenway Gym Floor Reservation
Harvard Law School Intramural reservations can be made by
contacting Kerry Antunes at firstname.lastname@example.com
All other
court reservations must be made in person at the front desk. Please
see the protocol below:
* A member can reserve up to 72hrs in advance
BUT no less than 2 hours prior to the requested time. Reservations
must be completed in person on the sign-in sheet at the front
* Reservations can be made for the
following sports: volleyball, basketball and badminton. The court
is reserved for the SPORT, not the group. Ex. If someone reserves
the court for volleyball ANYONE can play volleyball with them.
* In fairness to all groups time
limit is 1 hour per group. Set-up/breakdown is included in the 1
hour reservation.
* The member reserving the court is
responsible for set-up/breakdown of the equipment during their hour
use. Equipment not properly stored will be removed
* The online court schedule only reflects IM
reservations. Open gym floor reservations can be viewed on the
clipboard at the front desk of the facility.
Gymnasium Squash Courts
Hemenway's two international squash courts may be reserved up to
72 hours in advance, in one hour blocks. Reservations must be
placed online. Courts 2 and 3 are on the Lower Level and are
not amenable to spectators. Racquets are available next to the
squash court and squash balls are available for purchase at the
front desk.
First time users:
1. Go to:
2. Fill in your information to create an account (you
need not use a Harvard email address)
3. You will receive an email from "Harvard".
Click on the link in the email to activate your account.
4. Log in
5. Follow the instructions to make a reservation
Returning users:
1. Go to:
2. Log in
3. Follow the instructions to make a reservation
Squash Policy Rules
1. Signups are for 1 HOUR
2. Reservations can be made online
72 hours in advance
3. Only one 1-hour slot may be
reserved per person per day.
4. The online reservation system
only applies to the courts at Hemenway Gymnasium.
5. We expect that you will cancel
your slot if and when you decide you no longer wish to play at your
reserved time.
6. If the court is vacant at 10
minutes past the hour the reservation is forfeited. At that point
the court is first come first serve.
To cancel a reservation:
1. Sign in at:
2. Click on the slot in which you made your
3. In the pop-up window, click on the little pencil
and paper icon.
4. Click "Delete reservation".
Copyright 2009 Harvard University
All Rights Reserved


text: The Landia Band is fronted by singer/songwriter/guitarist David Landia with Wesley King on electric guitar, Chris Chambers on bass and Dennis King on drums. Their music is an unusual blend of rock, jazz and R&B. Legendary DJ, Casey Kasem, calls Landia the freshest music he's heard in decades! If you desire an uplifting, positive, melodic vibe with lyrics that have a soul, then you have come to the right place! Landia delivers a timeless message at just the right time: NOW!!


text:
Californians Reject Effort To Suspend Climate Law
(November 3, 2010)—
November 3, 2010
In a key test for U.S. environmental policy, Californians voted Tuesday in favor of the state's landmark climate change law, defeating a ballot measure backed by Texas-based oil companies that would have suspended it.
They rejected Proposition 23, which would have suspended the air pollution control law until California's unemployment rate -- now 12.4% -- fell to 5.5.% for a full year.
The measure prompted "Don't Mess with California" ads and a well-financed "No on 23" campaign by a bipartisan group of clean tech financiers, environmentalists, health groups, celebrities including movie director James Cameron and Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who signed the law in 2006. They raised $31.2 million -- three times as much as the ballot measure's supporters, according to MapLight.org, a non-partisan group that tracked campaign donations.
"Proposition 23 is a really significant initiative, not just for California, but for the nation as a whole," said Jennie Drage Bowser of the non-partisan National Conference of State Legislatures. She said it could affect whether Congress passes legislation to tackle climate change.
Environmentalists cheered the measure's defeat. "California will continue to be a model for clean energy innovation," said Martin Chavez, executive director of ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA.
The law's first major provisions are slated to take effect next year. Utilities will have to obtain at least 33% of their electricity from renewable sources within a decade.
Steven Maviglio of the "No on 23" campaign said suspending the law would have cost jobs in the clean-tech industry, which he called "one of the few bright spots in our economy." He said California entrepreneurs didn''t want out-of-state oil interests dictating state policy, and health groups such as the American Lung Association wanted cleaner air.
Proposition 23's supporters said California's law, which would require companies to cap their emissions, would cost 1 million jobs. "This is the wrong time to implement costly new measures," said Bill Day of Valero Energy Corp. Valero, a San Antonio company that has two refineries in California, donated $5 million to promote the measure. Tesoro Corporation, also based in San Antonio, donated $2 million.
The law aims to reduce the state's greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.


text:
During the kick off of the 2012 International AIDS Conference in Washington DC, the HIV Medicine Association along with House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, singer Elton John and NIAID Dr. Anthony Fauci honored California Rep. Henry Waxman for his long fight against HIV and his tireless efforts championing health care reforms and equality for all. He has also been one of the most stalwart defenders of women's reproductive rights, citing the need for policies based on science instead of religion.
Waxman, who has represented the 30th Congressional District (that includes West Hollywood) for what seems like forever, has been redistricted into the new 33rd CD, which has some overlap in Beverly Hills and the Westside but now stretches south to include the South Bay Beach cities. His challenger is Bill Bloomfield, a former Republican who is a founder of the anti-partisan group No Labels. Bloomfield is a liberal/moderate on social issues and has enough money to self-fund to the tune already of at least $7 million to unseat Waxman.
Waxman says that No Labels has "a list of process reforms, some of which are pretty good," designed to breaking down the partisan gridlock. But Waxman doesn't think the process reform ideas themselves are particularly partisan.
Waxman is also not convinced that Bloomfield re-registering as an independent meant that he really left the Republican Party behind. He says Bloomfield has spent $2 million on Republican candidates, issues and causes since he decided to switch out of the GOP. Even after the switch, Waxman says, Bloomfield "continued to give the maximum amount he could" to Mitt Romney for President. Additionally, Waxman said:
He said he switched because he resented [Senate Minority Leader] Mitch McConnell's statement that his one goal was to stop President Obama. That was the last straw for him. But then he turned around and gave Mitch McConnell and the Senate Republican Committee thousands and thousands of dollars so Mitch McConnell could be the Majority Leader. And then he gave John Boehner, the Speaker and the leader in the House, thousands of dollars, as well. So he said he wasn't a Republican but he gave to the Republicans. He says he's independent but he has been a Republican all his life.
In an interview with me, Bloomfield explained that he contributed to Romney's presidential campaign before the primaries when he thought Romney was the moderate governor of Massachusetts and switched to Gov. Jon Huntsman when Romneyy moved to the far right. He also said that the checks to Boehner and McConnell were for events he wanted to attend prior to his quitting the GOP – and during the McConnell event, he "chewed him out."
By contrast, Waxman said:
I don't pretend to be anything other than what I am. I'm a proud Democrat. I'll work across the aisle with Republicans. I want to get things done that will help millions of Americans and I have a record of accomplishments that are now law because of the work that I did on a bi-partisan basis – including the Ryan White CARE Act, the tobacco regulation at FDA , the Clean Air Act, the Safe Drinking Water law and the regulations on pesticides in foods to the competition of generic drugs to lower prices from the high cost brand drugs. And the breast cervical screening law – these are a few of the bills – others as well – that I authored and got passed into law.
Every bill that I authored and finally got into law – and it sometimes took a decade or more to pass some of these ideas – required Republican support or I had Republican support for them. The only legislation that I was an author of that passed without any Republican votes was the Affordable Care Act or ObamaCare because Republicans refused to participate in the effort to try to bring health to all Americans.
Now there are specific issues with which we [he and Bloomfield] disagree that I think are important to the LGBT community. I have a record on LGBT issues for decades. I was one of a handful of people who sponsored the bill [the Civil Rights Amendment of 1975] to end discrimination based on sexual orientation – extending the civil rights laws [the first version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act or ENDA].
In California when I was in the legislature, I voted to make legal sex between consenting adults. [Then-Assemblymember] Willie Brown authored it and I was a sponsor of it and I voted for it. [The bill was signed into law by Gov. Jerry Brown in 1975]. ….
[Bloomfield] claims some very progressive positions in his campaign – but I've never seen him doing anything on any of those issues.
Waxman, meanwhile, serves as a Vice Chair of the Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus, has numerous pages on his official website noting the specific LGBT-related legislation and has 10 pages dedicated to work he's done fighting HIV/AIDS. One of the people who speaks about Waxman in this tribute video – Tim Westmoreland – helped Waxman set up the first-ever congressional hearing on HIV/AIDS in 1982 – held at the LA Gay and Lesbian Community Services Center on Highland Ave. in Hollywood. Waxman also became the lead author of the critically important Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 1990, which still provides critical funding to low-income people with HIV/AIDS in America.


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looking for freight Belgium-New Zealand
Hey guys,
I am looking for a freight company to ship my bike from Belgium to New Zealand. For now i am stuck to what Google spits out, but this isn't much (usefull). The ones i found were either too expensive, way too long, or a harbor too far from me.
If anybody did the same trip and can help me out, feel free to share
Ports of departure may include any cargo-port in Belgium (Ghent, Bruges, Antwerp,...) or Rotterdam
In NZ i will adapt my plans to whichever port links best with departure.
Thanks in advance !
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I was on a internship period of 1 month as: 11th May to 10th June 2011. I have gone there as MBA(Finance) Intern/ Trainee, but the role offered to me was of my graduation skills i.e. Information Tech.(I.T.) to develop two new software databse in MS Access Application. After successful completion of my intern I requested travelling allowance as my Stipend of the internship, which was Rs. 3000/-, but our college needed a internship certificate of 2 months that too in Finance Field (but mine was in IT field), so the company has given me a stipend of Rs. 1500/- only and given a project title of "Cost Management" and on certificate it was mentioned 2 months instead on 1 month which was greatful to me...... Although this all happened to me, I was greatful about the experience knowledge of all Financial services that they are offering to their customers, which I learnt as my own homework for gaining as much experirnce that I could in my Internship period. So thats all about my experience, hope you all have enjoyed reading it.
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I have worked for Malawi Health Equity Network as an assistant project officer for good governance. My main duties involved conducting budget analysis for the national health sector, writing proposals conducting researches on HIV/AIDs issues, implementing different activities such as updating the database and attending different national meetings and conferences on youth and HIV/AIDS
I am also a co-founder of Youth Initiative for Development, an NGO which works in areas of youth empowerment such as job creation and environmental management and HIV/AIDS prevention. I am also the programs officer for global hope Mobilization and NGO dealing with issues of public health and environment and climate change. I am one the co authors of International Treatment preparedness Coalition report Missing The Target 8. I was also one the researchers on access to ART treatment in Malawi in 2009 organized by ITPC. I have also participated in various trainings such as project management, HIV/AIDs trainings and management, Health governance trainings and advocacy trainings.
Currently GYCA Malawi together with Global Hope Mobilization, development partners and government officials are developing a male circumcision communication plan to advocate for rollout of male circumcision in Malawi
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UPDATE DEC.1, 2014: our demo unit of the BW Broadcast DSPXmini-FM SE audio processor arrived today. It's been installed on 88.1FM and initial tweaking is complete. The sound seems markedly improved. I'll be fiddling with it further to adjust it across different programs.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: About a week ago, your intrepid engineer made some changes to the airchain on our 88.1FM that should've, in theory, been wholly beneficial and with no potential for downside. However, around that same time I started getting reports of an odd whistle...or just high-pitched static...that would come and go with no apparently rhyme or reason.
These reports aren't widespread, but there's been enough that I'm no longer inclined to think it's just an odd run of people happening to have poor reception. The only commonality is that it seems to occur only when reception of 88.1 isn't very good to begin with. Not necessarily "poor" reception at all, just not "super-solid".
Regular readers of the ENGINEER'S CORNER might recall my story about air conditioning at our 102.7FM transmitter in Narragansett Pier. Well now I'm pleased to report that we have air conditioning at 88.1FM WELH in Seekonk as well!
In many ways, this is an even bigger deal; 102.7 had a hefty vent fan system that could move a lot of air. Sure, if the air outside was hot, it means the air inside was hot, too. Usually you can't cool a room using outside air below about +10F degrees above outside air temps. So if it's 90F outside, it's 100 to 105F inside...ugh!
And at 88.1, we didn't really have even that. The transmitter site is an 8x10ft shed with a single 12 inch desk fan blowing air out one of the wall vents, and no insulation whatsoever on the walls or ceiling. Temps routinely broke 120F inside, even when it was only 70 to 80F outside.
In light of ongoing issues with the Studio/Transmitter Link (STL) for WELH 88.1, we have implemented a new STL schema. If you heard a lot of odd audio dropouts on 88.1 today, that was the reason.
The good news is that we should have a pretty good temporary solution in place, and a solid path for a permanent solution is on the horizon (tentatively scheduled for mid-March). Best of all, I was able to put in a new(er) Orban Optimod 8100A audio processor to replace the less-capable Inovonics DAVID-III. There's a little sibilance still, so I need to tweak the settings. But overall the sound should be much louder, fuller, and more consistent.
Read on for more details...


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9 Ball Girl
When you play a safe on someone, aren't they suppose to try to kick out of it? Yesterday I was playing against a friend, and I had already won 3 sets in a row. On this 4th set, I played a hell of a safe on him. He was already irritated with the fact that he was down 3-0, so he took the cueball and handed it to me and told me that he's not going to bother because it's a waste of his time. Now, ball in hand sounds good but I played a safe behind a cluster of balls that I'd hoped he would try to kick at and break 'em open. Isn't he at least suppose to try to kick at something? He also stops the CB halfway through it's run when he misses the OB completely stopping it from smashing into any other balls. Argh!


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IRELAND has become the first country in Europe to switch to genetically engineered clotting factors for treating haemophiliacs. The pressure is now mounting on other countries, including Britain, to follow suit and remove the risk of transmitting diseases through clotting agents purified from donated blood.
The clotting agents factor VIII and factor IX are needed to treat bleeding in haemophiliacs. Traditionally, they have been purified from blood pooled from many donors. This practice meant many haemophiliacs contracted hepatitis C and HIV.
Blood donations are now screened for these viruses and blood products are treated with heat and chemicals in an effort to inactivate any other lingering viruses. But the latest fear is that blood products may transmit Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (This Week, 3 January, p 5). This is worrying, as the "prion" proteins thought to cause CJD are notoriously resistant to heat and chemical treatments.
Clotting factors produced by genetic ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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photos courtesy of the Oakland Unified School District
Each year, African American students drop out of Oakland's public schools with disturbing predictability, a phenomenon that Superintendent Tony Smith has decried in his speeches and vowed to "interrupt."
An annual event held at an East Oakland church calls our attention to those who are thriving despite a dropout crisis in which more than one-third of the city's black high school students quit early.
This year, about 1,217 African American students in grades 8 through 12 hold a GPA of 3.0 or higher, by the school district's count. (In 2008-09, the most recent data available on the state department of education's website, Oakland enrolled 6,325 African American students in those grades.)
Their achievements were celebrated last night at Acts Full Gospel Church, a celebration organized by the African American Education Task Force and co-sponsored by OUSD. UC Berkeley Sociology Professor Harry Edwards gave the keynote speech, and representatives from various universities and organizations were on hand to answer questions about college selection, scholarships and grants.
In a prepared statement, Smith said, "At a time when the achievement gap between African-American and Latino students and their peers remains persistent, it's critical that we celebrate students who present a model of scholastic accomplishment.
"Their academic success, while notable in its own right, can also serve as an inspiration for other students striving to succeed. More than that, it is a reminder of the potential inherent in all our students and our obligation as adults to help them fulfill it."


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AN INDEPENDENT witness in the Pastor Robert Kayanja reputation has been quizzed by a defence lawyer over an 'audio confession' implicating Kayanja as a sodomist.
Brian Ntwatwa was grilled by Kato Sekabanja to own up to an 'audio confession' recorded by one of the accused Pastors Solomon Male of Arising for Christ Ministries.
Ntwatwa was being cross-examined at Buganda Road Court in Kampala in the case where six people including four pastors are accused of tarnishing Kayanja's reputation. He maintained that the pastors asked him to lie in exchange for an American work permit and $20,000.
The other accused are pastors Martin Sempa of Makerere Community Church, plus Michael Kyazze and Robert Kayiira of Omega Healing Centre.
Also accused are business woman Dorothy Kyomuhendo, and local musician David Mukalazi.
Prosecution alleges that in 2008 and 2009 at various places within Kampala district, the accused "conspired to cause injury to Kayanja's personality and reputation.
In the audio recording of about 45 minutes, that was played to court, Ntwatwa 'confessed' to Male that Kayanja attempted to sodomise him in 2006 at the Intercontinental Hotel in the Kenyan capital Nairobi in 2006.The audio was recorded at Male's office in 2009 at Span House in Kampala.
Also in the recording, Ntwatwa stated that Kayanja's wife Jessica knew about his double life and that she was recruiting girls into lesbianism.
Sekabanja pinned him, saying what he intimated to Male was the actual version of events as they happened. He asked Ntwatwa to admit that the audio recording was genuine.
But Ntwatwa stunned court, when he claimed that Male edited the audio with bias to suit his interests. He maintained that the 'audio confession' contained a pack of lies.
"Male edited things according to his version. These were concocted lies. Recording with Male was a lie to tarnish Pastor Kayanja's reputation. He never attempted to sodomise me," Ntwatwa said.
Sekabanja cited inconsistencies and doubted the credibility of Ntwatwa testimony, saying he was hiding the truth. Asked why his testimony had inconsistencies, and whether he knew that his lies would jeopardise the lives of the accused, Ntwatwa said his intentions were genuine.
He defended himself, saying the inconsistencies were proof that the plot to tarnish Kayanja's name was not genuine. Ntwatwa said if the intentions were truthful, then the inconsistencies would not have arisen.
Additionally, he said he declined to sign an affidavit that had been fabricated by Male. Ntwatwa further stated he genuinely told the truth in his retraction statements recorded at Police May 2 and 30, 2009, where he dispelled the lies he told in the statement dated April 6, 2009. Defence tendered in the May statements as defence exhibits.
However, Sekabanja wondered how Male knew Ntwatwa's purported damning story better than he (Ntwatwa) did. But Ntwatwa insisted that his testimony was truthful.
Other defence lawyers present in court were Paul Rutisya, Francis Gimara, Edward Akankwasa, and David Semakula Mukiibi. Prosecution was led by Patricia Cingtho who delegated for the indisposed Stephen Asaba.
Further hearing continues on Thursday.


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As one of the leading manufacturers in the white-goods industry, Arma Filtre has earned BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgerates
Best Supplier for Excellence in Quality-Reliability-Flexibility-Innovation and Price Award (2004-2005) for the 4th time in a row.
Erdoğan Kaya, CEO of Arma Filtre, was present at the award ceremony held in Munich. We are happy and proud to see that the fruits of the investment,
time and effort we have put into overall quality is returning to us at the greatest level for the past 8 years. Such awards are the most significant proof that the
Turkish industrial capabilities are more advanced than many of its European and American counterparts in many fields. We will continue our journey on the road to quality
with the same enthusiasm and motivation. said Mr. Kaya during his speech.
BSH presents this award to one of its suppliers every two years. Arma Filtre was the recipient also in 2000, 2002 and 2004.


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Brain Injury Association of America
Healthy Children—American Academy of Pediatrics
Brain Injury Association of Nipissing
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Caring for Kids—Canadian Paediatric Society
Abusive head trauma. KidsHealth. Nemours website. Available at:
http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/brain/shaken.html. Updated March 2014. Accessed September 28, 2014.
Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated September 15, 2014. Accessed September 28, 2014.
Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated August 28, 2014. Accessed September 28, 2014.
Shaken baby syndrome. American Association of Neurological Surgeons website. Available at:
http://www.aans.org/Patient%20Information/Conditions%20and%20Treatments/Shaken%20Baby%20Syndrome.aspx. Accessed September 28, 2014.
Shaken baby syndrome. American Humane Association website. Available at:
http://www.americanhumane.org/children/stop-child-abuse/fact-sheets/shaken-baby-syndrome.html. September 28, 2014.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
returns a graph whose connected components are the nine graphs whose presence as a vertex-induced subgraph in a graph g makes g a nonline graph.
- NonLineGraphs functionality is now available in the built-in Wolfram Language function GraphData.
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Before the Susquehanna River meets the Chesapeake Bay, before it churns through Conowingo Dam, and before it winds through the farmlands of Pennsylvania, it begins its 464-mile journey with a calm exit from Otsego Lake in Cooperstown, New York. Every Memorial Day weekend, an assortment of canoe and kayak paddlers share the first 70 miles of that journey, taking in the green landscape of central New York during the General Clinton Canoe Regatta.
This year, over 200 vessels entered the full course from Cooperstown to Bainbridge, with most holding two or more paddlers. Entrants came from across the country, and Canada was also well represented — English and French could be heard throughout the race. Paddlers shouted as they portaged their vessels past spectators at three dams. Support crews cheered while making quick, timesaving handoffs of energy drinks and food. Shallow water following a dry spring season may have slowed things down this year, but the racers remained focused, and the leading professional team still finished in less than eight hours.
To view more photos, visit the Chesapeake Bay Program's Flickr page.
Images and text by Will Parson.
Sediment building up behind Conowingo Dam has almost reached the reservoir's capacity for storage, according to a report released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The reservoir is considered at its limit for holding sediment when it is half full—at present, it is 92 percent of the way toward this maximum.
Since its construction in 1929, the Conowingo reservoir, along with the reservoirs behind the Holtwood and Safe Harbor dams, has trapped sediment and nutrients as they flow down the Susquehanna River—which provides nearly half of the fresh water that flows into the Bay. According to the report, the ability of these reservoirs to trap pollutants has been steadily declining.
"Storage capacity in Conowingo reservoir continues to decrease, and ultimately that means more nutrients and sediment will flow into the Bay," said Mike Langland, author of the study, in a release. "Understanding the sediments and nutrients flowing into the Bay from the Susquehanna River is critical to monitoring and managing the health of the Bay."
Excess sediment can cloud the water and harm underwater grasses, fish and shellfish, while nutrients can fuel the growth of harmful algae blooms and the creation of low-oxygen "dead zones," which suffocate underwater life. Reducing the amount of pollutants in local waterways is integral to Bay restoration efforts, including the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), or "pollution diet," which Bay Program partners recommitted to achieving as part of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement. In anticipation of a decline in Conowingo reservoir's ability to trap sediment, the TMDL includes a mechanism for addressing any increases in nutrient and sediment pollution caused by a full reservoir.
The report from USGS reiterates the findings of a study by the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment (LSRWA) team, released in November 2014, which found that the once-effective "pollution gate" is trapping smaller amounts of sediment and nutrients and, during large storms, sending more of these pollutants into the Susquehanna River more often. The team found that reducing pollution loads upstream of the dam would pose a more effective solution that dredging, bypassing or other operational changes, which would come with high costs and low or short-lived benefits.
The USGS report, Sediment Transport and Capacity Change in Three Reservoirs, Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland 1900–2012, is available online.
A team of scientists has found that reducing pollution in the Susquehanna River watershed—which includes portions of New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland—could ease the environmental effects of an "essentially full" reservoir behind the Conowingo Dam, whose pollution-trapping capacity has diminished in recent years.
The reservoir behind the Conowingo Dam—as well as those behind the Holtwood and Safe Harbor dams—has for decades trapped particles of sediment flowing down the Susquehanna River, as well as the nutrients that are often attached. But according to research from the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment (LSRWA) team, this reservoir is full. The once-effective "pollution gate" is trapping smaller amounts of sediment and nutrients and, during large storms, sending more of these pollutants into the Susquehanna River more often.
While researchers explored strategies for managing sediment at the dam, the team found that reducing pollution loads upstream of the dam would pose a more effective solution to the "full reservoir" problem. Indeed, dredging, bypassing or other operational changes would come with high costs and low or short-lived benefits. But adhering to the Chesapeake Bay's "pollution diet"—and taking additional steps to reduce pollution where possible—would offer management flexibility and environmental benefits.
The Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was established in 2010 to reduce nutrient and sediment loads across the watershed. Lowering these pollutants is integral to restoring the health of the Bay: excess sediment can cloud the water and harm underwater grasses, fish and shellfish, and nutrients can fuel the growth of harmful algae blooms. While the LSRWA team did find that the effects of the sediment that "scour" from the Conowingo reservoir cease once it settles to the bottom of the river, the effects of nutrient pollution linger. Green infrastructure, forest buffers and sound farm and lawn management can help businesses, landowners and individuals contribute to a restored Chesapeake.
Scientists have found intersex fish in three Pennsylvania river basins, indicating hormone-disrupting chemicals are more widespread in the Chesapeake Bay watershed than once thought.
Image courtesy RTD Photography/Flickr
Intersex conditions occur when pesticides, pharmaceuticals or other chemicals disrupt the hormonal systems of an animal, leading to the presence of both male and female characteristics. The presence of intersex conditions in fish, frogs and other species is linked to land use, as the chemicals that lead to these conditions often enter rivers and streams through agricultural runoff or wastewater.
Previous samplings of fish in the region have found intersex conditions in the Potomac, Shenandoah and Susquehanna rivers, as well as lakes and ponds on the Delmarva Peninsula. On samplings conducted at 16 sites between 2007 and 2010, researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found intersex fish in the Susquehanna, Delaware and Ohio river basins.
According to the USGS, freshwater fish called white suckers from sample sites in the Delaware and Susquehanna river basins had a yolk precursor in their blood. Male smallmouth bass from all sample sites had immature eggs in their testes. The prevalence of intersex fish was highest in the Susquehanna river basin, which researchers attribute to the higher rate of farms—and related herbicides, pesticides and hormone-containing manure—in the area. While scientists found no relationship between the number of wastewater treatment plants in an area and the prevalence of immature eggs in fish, the severity of intersex conditions did rise at sites downstream from wastewater discharge points.
"The sources of estrogenic chemicals are most likely complex mixtures from both agricultural sources, such as animal wastes, pesticides and herbicides, and human sources from wastewater treatment plant effluent and other sewer discharges," said fish biologist Vicki Blazer in a media release.
A habitat is the natural environment in which plants, animals and other organisms live, feed and breed. Many habitats are shared by numerous living things, forming what is called an ecosystem. Ecosystems range in size and can be as tiny as a patch of dirt or as large as the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Sometimes, different species within the same ecosystem are forced to compete for resources like food, water and shelter. Dominant species and environmental stressors can take their toll on lesser plants and animals.
Rapidly increasing human development contributes to this environmental stress: as our population rises, so does our demand for the same resources that many plants and animals also depend on to survive. We build dams to control stream flow and capture energy, develop wilderness into urban hubs and use our finite freshwater resources at an alarming rate.
Migratory fish are particularly sensitive to ecosystem changes because they rely on certain migration routes between connected habitats to reach their breeding grounds. Dams, road culverts and other blockages that fragment waterways can act as barriers to fish passage.
In an effort to better understand the effect that dams and other manmade structures have on fish passage, Steve Minkkinen, project leader at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Maryland Fisheries Office, has teamed up with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to conduct a 10-year survey of American eel populations in the Susquehanna River.
"We learned quite a bit in 2013. We collected 300,000 juveniles [eels] and transported them above the [Conowingo] Dam. The dam has been blocking the [eels'] migration up the Susquehanna River," Minkkinen explained. "There has been a lot of work [to open] upstream passage for shad and river herring," Minkkinen continued. But that work has only focused on adult fish, and as Minkkinen pointed out, the dam's flow is too fast for younger eels to travel through.
Monitoring American eels is important: at historic levels, they made up 20 percent of the freshwater biomass along the Eastern seaboard. However, the introduction of dams and other structures has blocked eel populations from important migration routes, changing eel populations.
Researchers capture and inject chips known as passive integrated transponders, or PIT tags, into the eels. These tags can be detected in future surveys and help the team track eel populations by letting them know if they are encountering a new eel or one that was caught during a previous survey.
The American eel is the only catadromous fish in the Bay region, which means they spend most of their lives in fresh water but migrate to the ocean to spawn. Spawning takes place in late January when the fish swim out of the Bay and into the Sargasso Sea, a portion of the Atlantic Ocean east of the Bahamas.
Eel larvae drift in ocean currents for nine to 12 months before reaching fresh water and swimming upstream. Monitoring allows scientists to study the migration habits of juvenile eels and learn how to aid their upstream journey.
Minkkinen and his team believe that if fish passage to the upper Susquehanna opens, both American eels and freshwater mussels would thrive. This bivalve relies on fish to store their eggs in their gills until the mussels turn into microscopic juveniles and drop off. Mussel populations in the upper Susquehanna are, for the most part, comprised of older, larger individuals. Because mussels are natural filter feeders, Minkkinen's team believes that a rise in freshwater mussels will lead to cleaner water and a healthier ecosystem.
"Our hopes are that we can develop passage and restore eel and mussel habitat to that [upper Susquehanna] portion of the watershed," Minkkinen said.
To view more photos, visit the Chesapeake Bay Program Flickr page.
Images by Steve Droter. Captions by Jenna Valente.
Over the past decade, smallmouth bass in five Chesapeake Bay tributaries have suffered from fish kills and perplexing illnesses—and nutrient pollution could be to blame.
According to a new report from the Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF), excess nitrogen and phosphorous in our rivers and streams could be behind two of the leading problems affecting smallmouth bass: first, the rapid growth of fish parasites and their hosts, and second, the expansion of large algae blooms that can lead to low-oxygen conditions and spikes in pH. When paired with rising water temperatures and ever more prevalent chemical contaminants, nutrient pollution seems to have created a "perfect storm" of factors that are making smallmouth bass more susceptible to infections and death.
Image courtesy Mr. OutdoorGuy/Flickr
In a media call, CBF President Will Baker called the smallmouth bass "the canary in the coal mine for the Bay's rivers." Because the fish is sensitive to pollution, problems within the population could indicate problems within the Bay.
Smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna, Monocacy, Shenandoah, Cowpasture and South Branch of the Potomac rivers have seen a string of recent health problems, from open sores and wart-like growths to abnormal sexual development. In the Susquehanna, smallmouth bass populations have plummeted so far that Pennsylvania has made it illegal to catch the fish during spawning season.
"Our fish are sick, our anglers are mad and my board and I—protectors of our [smallmouth bass] fishery—are frustrated," said John Arway, executive director of the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. "Our bass, and our grandchildren who will fish for them, are depending on us to fix the problem."
Image courtesy CBF
While specific causes of smallmouth bass fish kills and illnesses remain unclear, CBF has called on state and local governments to accelerate their pollution-reduction efforts in hopes of improving water quality and saving the driving force behind a $630 million recreational fishing industry. The non-profit has also called on the federal government to designate a 98-mile stretch of the Susquehanna as impaired, which would commit Pennsylvania to reversing the river's decline.
"This is the moment in time to save fishing in our streams and rivers, as well as the jobs and quality of life that are connected to it," Baker said.
Read more about Angling for Healthier Rivers: The Link Between Smallmouth Bass Mortality and Disease and the Need to Reduce Water Pollution in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries.
Sediment reservoirs near the mouth of the Susquehanna River are filling up faster than researchers expected, posing a new obstacle for improving water quality in the Chesapeake Bay.
As the holding areas behind the lower Susquehanna's three dams reach capacity, their ability to trap upriver sediment and the phosphorous that is often attached wanes, and the sediment that is held grows more and more likely to flow out of the reservoirs and into the river.
Image courtesy Jane Thomas/Integration and Application Network/University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science.
According to a report released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), strong storms, severe flooding and faster-moving water have turned the one-time pollutant blockers into less effective gates.
The Susquehanna delivered more phosphorous and sediment into the Bay last year than it has in more than three decades of monitoring. The past 15 years have seen a 55 percent increase in phosphorous entering the Bay from the river and a 97 percent increase in sediment. And while nitrogen flow has dropped, it shows a jump during large storms--like Tropical Storm Lee in 2011 or Hurricane Ivan in 2004--and the flooding that follows.
Excess nutrients and sediment can harm fish, shellfish and underwater grasses. Nitrogen and phosphorous fuel the growth of algae blooms that rob water of oxygen and, with suspended sediment, cloud the water and block the sunlight that plants need to grow.
A previous USGS report cited improvements in nutrient and sediment trends as a sign of improving Bay health. The USGS has seen significant reductions in nutrient and sediment concentrations upstream of the reservoirs, which reflect the positive impacts of conservation efforts in the Susquehanna watershed. But the filling reservoirs behind the Safe Harbor and Holtwood dams in Pennsylvania and the Conowingo Dam in Maryland overshadow the pollution reduction progress that is being made.
The Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment team, composed of federal, state and regional partners and administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is exploring ways to expand the reservoirs' capacity.
Learn more about the flow of nitrogen, phosphorous and suspended sediment from the Susquehanna River into the Bay.
Just north of the Mason-Dixon line, the North and South branches of the 17-mile-long Muddy Creek transverse farm lands and orchards, and in some places, wild trout flourish. The two forks meet at an old railroad village appropriately named Muddy Creek Forks. The settlement was once a bustling industrial hub along the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, but today, restored general stores and railroad tracks take visitors to a time when "workin' on the railroad" was a way of life. Take a tour of the town's historic buildings – structures with names like "milk collection building" and "coal bins" that have escaped the modern vocabulary.
(Image courtesy Bruce E. Hengst, Sr./Flickr)
As the creek flows through York County's Peach Bottom and Lower Chanceford Township, its character shifts from an agricultural stream to that of a mountain river, decorated with huge boulders, flat pools, mountain laurel, and hemlock groves.
Locals spend hot summer days in the swimming holes along this section of Muddy Creek. Unfortunately, more of these swimming holes are being closed down each year due to illegal dumping violations and the threat this poses to human health.
Other outdoor enthusiasts choose to hike along the a section of the Mason Dixon Trail, which begins at the intersection of Muddy Creek and Paper Mill Road and goes to the Susquehanna River. Paddlers enjoy this section of the creek, particularly in the early spring, when the entire stretch is canoeable.
Trout fishermen from all over the country flock to Muddy Creek. A two-mile Delayed Harvest section between Bruce and Bridgeton is particularly poplar. Still others speak about the scenery between Woodbine and Castle Fin, a section of the creek only accessible via the old railroad bed.
Muddy Creek meets the Susquehanna River north of the Conowingo Dam, shortly before it flows into the Chesapeake Bay.
The National Park Service, with support of five states, has designated four rivers – the Susquehanna, Chester, upper Nanticoke and upper James – as new sections of the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail.
(Image courtesy Michael Land/National Park Service)
Recognition of these connecting waterways adds 841 miles to the 3,000-mile-long trail and underscores their significance to the history, cultural heritage and natural resources of the Chesapeake region.
Joel Dunn, executive director of Chesapeake Conservancy said, "These [connecting] trails provide a focus around which communities can engage in efforts to increase recreational use of the Chesapeake's great rivers and protect the river corridors and landscapes. This kind of conservation helps communities celebrate their history and culture, protect wildlife habitat, and protect lands that have unique ecological values."
The designation comes after considerable collaboration between the National Park Service, the five states through which these rivers flow, numerous American Indian tribes and strong support of the conservation community. The National Park Service will work closely with these partners to provide technical and financial assistance, manage resources, enhance facilities, and mark and promote interpretive routes along the connecting trails.
Visit the Chesapeake Conservancy's website to learn more about these new rivers and the entire Smith Trail.
Once bustling with flour mills, furniture factories and dye shops, Towanda, Pennsylvania's industrial feel differs from the quaint, historic atmosphere of Annapolis, Maryland. And with 246 miles between the two cities, it's easy to forget they're both part of the same Chesapeake Bay watershed.
(Image courtesy Slideshow Bruce/Flickr)
Towanda, located in northeastern Pennsylvania, is considered the southernmost point of the upper Susquehanna watershed, an area that drains into the headwaters of the Susquehanna River. The 7,500-square-mile region between Towanda and Morrisville, New York, contains more miles of streams than roads.
This is the region where the Upper Susquehanna Coalition (USC) works to enhance water quality and protect natural resources. The 19 soil and conservation districts that make up USC understand that enhancing the Susquehanna's headwaters (where a stream or river begins) is critical to restoring the Chesapeake Bay. If the water flowing into the Susquehanna River is not clean from the start, it certainly won't get cleaner as it passes through riverside towns including Binghamton, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Harrisburg and Havre de Grace.
What does USC do?
USC is developing environmentally and economically sustainable agriculture projects that empower family farmers while implementing conservation practices such as agricultural fencing that prevents animal waste from entering streams.
Stream corridor rehabilitation
Stream rehabilitation projects improve a stream's health and habitat potential. Forest buffer plantings along stream banks hold soil in place, keep streams cool and reduce flooding. Stream bank erosion prevention measures reduce the amount of sediment that flows into a stream and eventually the Bay.
Wetland restoration
Because wetland plants can retain water during heavy rainstorms, restoring and enhancing wetlands is an important step to reduce flooding. Wetlands also provide wildlife habitat and reduce pollution by absorbing and filtering out harmful sediment and nutrients.
(Image courtesy AllianceForTheBay/Flickr)
More from the upper Susquehanna basin:
Though the final figures on the overall health of the Bay's underwater grasses won't be available for a few months, in late November, scientists with the Chesapeake Bay Program's (CBP's) team that monitors the abundance of the Bay's grasses had a pleasant surprise. Aerial survey images of the vast grass-filled Susquehanna Flats, the circular area where the Susquehanna River meets the Bay, were not pictures of devastation as was feared, but pictures of health, showing that these valuable Bay habitats survived the fall's deluge of runoff and sediment better than expected.
During Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee, experts out monitoring the effects of these storms noted large tangles of all varieties of uprooted Bay grasses floating downstream. Based on these visual accounts and their knowledge of the devastation that events such as Tropical Storm Agnes wrought on the Bay's grass beds almost forty years ago, hopes among scientists were not high for these habitats, which are a critical food source for over-wintering waterfowl at this time of year and that are vital as shelter for juvenile Bay creatures in the spring.
"We were incredibly surprised at how much of the grass bed remained on the Flats," says Robert Orth of Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS) and leader of the team that conducts the annual survey of Bay grasses. "While we did see some declines along the flanks and edges of that big bed, my gut feeling says next year should be ok for grass beds up there. And the fact that we are now seeing overwintering waterfowl in our photographs is a good sign that lots of food is available."
CBP's Associate Director for Science Rich Batiuk commented, "Back on those days of Tropical Storm Lee, looking at the deluge of water over the Conowingo Dam, I would've bet that we had lost the Flats grasses entirely. Their survival is a good example of how large, dense beds can survive extreme conditions and another indicator of the Bay's resilience."
Compare the underwater grass beds on the Susquehanna Flats in VIMS aerial photographs in 2010 and 2011 at http://thumper-web.vims.edu/bio/sav/wordpress/archives/1458
The story of upstate New York's Cayuta Creek begins as all good stories do: once upon a time, when – according to local folklore – a young and talented princess named Kayutah was born into a local Seneca tribe. Kayutah was so extraordinary that one of the neighboring tribes kidnapped her. Her devastated mother cried so many tears that they filled the entire valley, creating what is now known as Cayuta Lake.
(Image courtesy Chris Waits/Flickr)
Cayuta Lake, known locally as Little Lake, drains north to south instead of south to north, just like the nearby Finger Lakes. It empties into the 40-mile-long Cayuta Creek, which meanders south before emptying into the Susquehanna River. Cayuta Lake's waters, or "Kayuta's tears," travel some 300 miles south before reaching the Chesapeake Bay!
Although the aforementioned legend affirms that the lake was born out of sadness, the surrounding region is now a favorite of outdoor enthusiasts and vacationers alike. Like most of the region's small lakes, Cayuta Lake completely freezes during the winter, offering opportunities for ice skating, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. There have even been reports of people racing their cars on the lake – although we don't endorse that idea!
Cayuta Lake and the surrounding areas provide a pristine habitat for rare plants and animals. The best example is a freshwater sponge (Spongilla) that is so sensitive to pollution and human disturbances that the only other place in the world it can be found is Siberia! The sponge lives in the Cayuta Inlet, an area known as the James W. and Helene D. Allen Preserve that's a favorite study spot of Cornell University students. These sponges are the only food source for the Spongilla fly, a rare insect.
And where there are insects, there are also...fly fishermen! Freshwater trout are abundant in Cayuta Lake and Cayuta Creek. But if you don't want to get in the water, the Finger Lakes Trail provides the perfect opportunity to view this scenic stream. The trail runs from Watkins Glen State Park over State Route 228, and follows Cayuta Creek for miles south. Rumor has it that spring is the best time for hikers, as Watkins Glen is home to rare native flowers and ferns. Not to mention the park's magnificent gorge, rapids and waterfalls, formed by glaciers during the last Ice Age.
(Image courtesy She Who Shall Not Be Named/Flickr)
There are plenty of other natural areas surrounding Cayuta Lake and Cayuta Creek. Here are some of my favorites:
Every summer of my childhood, I dug for crayfish, collected rocks and even searched for treasure in Paxton Creek, a stream that ran through my neighborhood park in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Little did I know that this stream flowed into the Susquehanna River, a tributary of the nation's largest estuary. Reflecting on these childhood experiences, I realize that Paxton Creek may have been where I first cultivated my affection for the natural world.
(Image courtesy Artman1122/Flickr)
Soon after beginning at the Bay Program, I discovered the Paxton Creek Watershed and Education Association (PCWEA), a volunteer organization that's working to restore this stream and cultivate a new generation of environmentalists as they comb its waters for crayfish.
As its name suggests, PCWEA's mission is more than "science"; the organization places just as much emphasis on creating environmental education opportunities and fostering community relationships.
PWCEA's projects range from a community-wide Crayfish Crawl to control the invasive rusty crayfish to a tour of stormwater best management practices that neighborhoods, schools and localities have adopted to help reduce pollution. Because Paxton Creek flows from rural areas in the headwaters (near Blue Mountain) to the city of Harrisburg, PCWEA volunteers have the opportunity to work at the interface of urban, suburban and rural environments.
Paxton Creek's biggest threat is pressures from development, which has inundated the upper portion of the watershed since PCWEA was established in 2001. The creek's upland portions flow through Harrisburg's suburbs – areas that were once farms and woodlands. Even since I left the area in 2005, abandoned fields and wooded lots have been converted into gas stations, housing developments and shopping centers. Sure, this means that many of the secret hideouts of my childhood have disappeared, but it also means that there are more roads, parking lots and buildings. These paved, or impervious, surfaces do not allow stormwater to soak into the ground; instead, it flows into storm drains, carrying oil, pet waste and other pollutants along with it.
But just because PCWEA doesn't like impervious surfaces doesn't mean that the group is against development. Instead, it views the changing land use patterns and rapidly increasing population as an opportunity to promote sustainable growth and influence new residents to install beneficial landscaping techniques.
"There are modes of development that can achieve satisfactory runoff infiltration with less impervious surface," E. Drannon Buskirk writes in PCWEA's latest newsletter.
PCWEA has partnered with the Susquehanna River Basin Commission to showcase best management practices already implemented in the creek's 27-square-mile watershed. Residents can view rain gardens, rain barrels and conservation landscaping examples, or they can take an online tour of the sites.
In case you'd rather see the other end of the spectrum, PCWEA has compiled a driving and online tour of "hot spots": streamside areas that are eroding and contributing sediment pollution to the creek.
PCWEA seeks to reduce impervious surfaces and sediment pollution, but it is also interested in involving the community's 60,000 stakeholders in community greening projects.
My favorite PCWEA project: A streamside tree nursery
PCWEA has a streamside tree nursery in my old neighborhood park, Shutt Mill Park. Community members work together to maintain the nursery.
These trees keep the soil in place, preventing sediment pollution from clouding the creek. Also, their roots absorb rainwater, which reduces flooding and stormwater runoff. And as these trees mature, they will provide habitat for wildlife and shade the creek, keeping water temperatures cool.
Do you live near Paxton Creek? Get involved today!
There are plenty of opportunities for people to help restore and protect Paxton Creek, such as tabling at the Dauphin County Wetlands Festival, leading youngsters in creek explorations, and implementing sustainable landscaping practices on your own property.
(Image courtesy Paxton Creek Watershed and Education Association)
Contact PCWEA for more information on how you can help Paxton Creek.
Plumes of sediment were observed flowing down the Susquehanna River into the Chesapeake Bay this week after the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee brought heavy rainfall to Pennsylvania and Maryland.
The large rainfall totals caused rivers to swell, washing dirt and pollution off the land and carrying it downstream to the Bay. Record flooding and water levels were recorded at Conowingo Dam on the Susquehanna River last week.
Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/MODIS
Four monitoring reports by the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) show both good and poor results for the health of the Susquehanna River and its tributaries. The reports focus on the Susquehanna River and other large rivers; the West Branch Susquehanna Subbasin; the Lackawanna River; and streams that cross the New York-Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania-Maryland state lines.
Researchers with the Susquehanna Large River Assessment Project found fairly good water quality at the eight stations they assessed in the upper and middle Susquehanna subbasins and the Chemung River, located between Sidney, N.Y., and Towanda, Pa. Four of the sites were designated as "non-impaired," while three sites were slightly impaired and one site was moderately impaired. Only 4.5 percent of the water quality values exceeded their respective limits.
During the Middle Susquehanna Subbasin Year-2 Survey, researchers studied water quality in the Middle Susquehanna Subbasin, focusing on the Lackawanna River watershed. In particular, SRBC examined the effects of stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows on the health of the Lackawanna River and its tributaries. Researchers found that during storms, nutrients and suspended solids often exceeded water quality standards. Some of this pollution was likely due to the introduction of human sewage from combined sewer overflows.
Abandoned mine drainage, followed by pollution from air deposition, was the most prevalent pollution issue found during the West Branch Susquehanna Subbasin Year-1 Survey. Researchers collected samples at 141 sites and found that the percentage of impaired streams in this subbasin continued to be higher than in other parts of the Susquehanna River basin.
During the Assessment of Interstate Streams in the Susquehanna River Basin, researchers found that streams crossing the New York-Pennsylvania state line most frequently exceeded aluminum and iron standards. Many Pennsylvania-Maryland state line streams, which are located in a heavily agricultural region, had high nutrient concentrations.
The monitoring results are included in four technical reports, which are available on SRBC's website.
The Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) has released the first-ever State of the Susquehanna report, which details successes, partnerships, threats and opportunities for seven key indicators influencing the Susquehanna River basin's health.
The State of the Susquehanna includes data, maps, feature stories and other information that tells the story of the Susquehanna River basin. The report also highlights how the seven indicators relate to the health of the Chesapeake Bay.
The seven indicators in the State of the Susquehanna are:
"Despite gradual improvements, the Susquehanna will continue to experience enormous pressure, calling for additional research, including on potential impacts from the development of natural gas reserves in the Marcellus Shale on the watershed, especially in its headwaters areas," said Dr. Benjamin Hayes, director of the Susquehanna River Initiative, Bucknell Environmental Center.
Along with Bucknell University, other partners in the State of the Susquehanna include the U.S. EPA Region 3 and the Susquehanna River Heartland Coalition for Environmental Studies.
Visit SRBC's website for more information about the State of the Susquehanna report.
The Search for the Maryland Darter from Chesapeake Bay Program on Vimeo.
A crew of about a dozen biologists from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Frostburg University and Marshall University spent an October afternoon searching for the Maryland darter, a fish that was last seen in 1988 and is feared to be extinct. Though their search proved unsuccessful, biologists are not giving up hope.
The Maryland darter, a 2- to 3-inch long fish, was last seen by Dr. Richard Raesly of Frostburg University in 1988. The fish has historically been found in just three Maryland streams near the mouth of the Susquehanna River. Using new technology, Dr. Raesly worked with Tom Jones of Marshall University to sample the river bottom at Susquehanna State Park.
The crew of biologists divided into two teams that worked with two large seine nets to try to catch the darter. One person on each team wore a backpack with an electric shocker that could send a current into the water in a 3-foot radius. The electric current does not harm fish; it only stuns them so biologists can easily gather them in the seine net for an accurate sample of the stream.
Pulling up the net, the team members sifted through leaves, sediment and other creatures in search of the Maryland darter. But no luck. Once an area had been sampled, the team moved downstream to continue the search.
Scientists involved with the project all gave the same answer as to why it is important to find the darter, particularly now: biodiversity.
DNR biologist Scott Stranko explained that just as the entire world is becoming more socially homogenized, the environment is undergoing the same kind of transformation, with just a few species that are found everywhere.
"All the streams are looking very much the same and we're losing that specialness," Stranko said. "While Maryland has been losing native stream species, we've gained widespread non-native species like carp and snakeheads that can be found all over the world. If this trend continues, no streams will be special like the Maryland darter streams once were."
The livelihood of small species such as the darter also speaks volumes about the health of the tributaries that lead to the Chesapeake Bay. Since the Maryland darter was last seen in 1988, development has boomed in the areas surrounding Susquehanna State Park. In this landscape of overdevelopment, just a small amount of concrete or asphalt near the river's freshwater streams is all it takes to create enough polluted runoff to harm underwater life. Biologists believe this is the main cause of the disappearance of the darter.
The fear that the Maryland darter is extinct still looms in the biologists' minds. But they are hopeful that new technology and the largest search effort in decades will help them rediscover this rare fish.
The team will trawl the Susquehanna River once again on November 6-8 to continue the search. For more information about the Maryland darter, visit DNR's website.


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