text:
The Sabra and Shatila massacre (or Sabra and Chatila massacre; Arabic: مذبحة صبرا وشاتيلا) was a massacre carried out between the 15 and 16 September 1982 by the Lebanese Forces militia group. It is alleged that Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) allowed Lebanese Christian Phalangist militiamen to enter two Palestinian refugee camps, and that the militia massacred civilians inside. It was argued that the Israelis should have known that a massacre could occur, considering the assassination of Phalangist leader and prospective president Bachir Gemayel the day before, and given the long history of bad blood between the Palestinians and the Phalangists.
The exact number killed is a matter of dispute, with estimates ranging from hundreds to thousands. The number of victims of the massacre varies according to source: the lowest estimate is 328; the highest is placed at 3,500 (see below).
The Phalangists stood under the direct command of Elie Hobeika, who later became a long-serving Lebanese Member of Parliament and, in the 1990s, a cabinet minister. The Israeli military's Chief of Staff was Lt. General Rafael Eitan, and Israel's Defence Minister was Ariel Sharon.
A major outcry erupted both in Israel and internationally, because the Sabra and Shatila camps had been under the control of Israeli Defence Forces (IDF). Yet the Phalangists, who committed the killings, were spared the brunt of the condemnations. Some commentators have suggested that the Israeli military may have been involved in the incident to some extent (see below).
The Israeli government established the Kahan Commission to investigate, and it subsequently found Israel indirectly responsible for the event. The report said that Israeli commanders should have recognized the possibility of a revenge attempt, and not permitted Phalangists into the camps. Ariel Sharon was found to bear personal responsibility for "ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge" and for "not taking appropriate measures to prevent bloodshed." The commission recommended that Sharon be removed as head of the Defence Ministry, and Sharon, after initial resistance, resigned.
Sabra is the name of a poor neighborhood in the southern outskirts of West Beirut, which is adjacent to the Shatila UNRWA refugee camp set up for Palestinian refugees in 1949. Over the years the populations of the two areas became ever more mingled, and the loose terminology "Sabra and Shatila camps" has become usual. Their populations had been swelled by Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites from the south fleeing the war.
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) had been using southern Lebanon as a base for attacks on Israel, and Israel had been bombing PLO positions in southern Lebanon. The attempted assassination of Israeli Ambassador Shlomo Argov in London on June 4 by Abu Nidal's organization became a casus belli for a full-scale Israeli invasion of Lebanon. On June 6, 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon with 60,000 troops in an act condemned by the UN Security Council. Two months later, under a U.S.-sponsored cease-fire agreement signed in late August, the PLO agreed to leave Lebanon under international supervision, and Israel agreed not to advance further into Beirut.
On August 23 1982, Bachir Gemayel, who was very popular among Maronites, was elected President of Lebanon by the National Assembly. Israel had relied on Gemayel and his forces as a counterbalance to the PLO, and ties between Israel and Maronite groups had grown stronger.
On September 1, the expulsion of the PLO fighters from Beirut was completed. Two days later, Israel deployed its armed forces around the refugee camps.
The Israeli Premier Menachem Begin met Gemayel in Nahariya and strongly urged him to sign a peace treaty with Israel. According to some sources, Begin also wanted the continuing presence of the South Lebanon Army in southern Lebanon led by Major Saad Haddad (who supported peaceful relations with Israel) in order to control attacks and violence, and action from Gemayel to move on the PLO fighters which Israel believed remained a hidden threat in Lebanon. However, the Phalangists, who were previously united as reliable Israeli allies, were now split because of developing alliances with Syria, which remained militarily hostile to Israel. As such, Gemayel rejected signing a peace treaty with Israel and did not authorize operations to root out the remaining PLO militants.
On September 14 1982, Gemayel was assassinated in a massive explosion which demolished his headquarters. Eventually, the culprit, Habib Tanious Shartouni, who confessed to the crime turned out to be a member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and an agent of Syrian intelligence. The Palestinian and Muslim leaders denied any connection.
Within hours of the assassination, Ariel Sharon, Israeli Defense Minister at the time, and then Prime Minister Menachem Begin, decided to occupy West Beirut, informing only then Foreign Minister Yitzhak Shamir and not consulting the Israeli cabinet. The same night Sharon began preparations for entering the Sabra-Shatila refugee camps. Thus on September 15, the Israeli army reoccupied West Beirut. This Israeli action breached its agreement with the United States not to occupy West Beirut; the US had also given written guarantees that it would ensure the protection of the Muslims of West Beirut. Israel's occupation also violated its peace agreements with Muslim forces in Beirut and with Syria.
Ariel Sharon and Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan met with the Lebanese Phalangist militia units, inviting them to enter the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps to clean out terrorist nests. Under the Israeli plan, Israeli soldiers would control the perimeters of the refugee camps and provide logistical support while the Phalangists would enter the camps, find the PLO fighters and hand them over to Israeli forces. The meetings concluded at 3:00 p.m. September 16.
An hour later, 1,500 militiamen assembled at Beirut International Airport, then occupied by Israel. Under the command of Elie Hobeika, they began moving towards the camps in IDF supplied jeeps, following Israeli guidance on how to enter the camps. The forces were mostly Phalangist, though there were some men from Saad Haddad's "Free Lebanon forces".
The first unit of 150 Phalangists entered the camps at 6:00 p.m. A battle ensued that at times Palestinians claim involved lining up Palestinians for execution. During the night the Israeli forces fired illuminating flares over the camps. According to a Dutch nurse, the camp was as bright as "a sports stadium during a football game".
At 11:00 p.m. a report was sent to the IDF headquarters in East Beirut, reporting the killings of 300 people, including civilians. The report was forwarded to headquarters in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, where it was seen by more than 20 senior Israeli officers.
Further reports of these killings followed through the night. Some of these reports were forwarded to the Israeli government in Jerusalem and were seen by a number of Israel's senior officials.
For the next 36 to 48 hours, the Phalangists massacred the inhabitants of the refugee camps, while the Israeli military guarded the exits and allegedly continued to provide flares by night.
At one point, a militiaman's radioed question to his commander Hobeika about what to do with the women and children in the refugee camp was overheard by an Israeli officer, who heard Hobeika reply that "This is the last time you're going to ask me a question like that; you know exactly what to do". Phalangist troops could be heard laughing in the background. The Israeli officer reported this to his superior, Brig. Gen. Amos Yaron, who warned Hobeika against hurting civilians but took no further action. Lt. Avi Grabowsky was cited by the Kahan Commission as having seen (on that Friday) the murder of five women and children, and gave a hearsay report of a battalion commander saying of this, "We know, it's not to our liking, and don't interfere." Israeli soldiers surrounding the camps turned back Palestinians fleeing the camps, as filmed by a Visnews cameraman.
Later in the afternoon, a meeting was held between the Israeli Chief of Staff and the Phalangist staff. According to the Kahan Commission's report (based on a Mossad agent's report), the Chief of Staff concluded that the Phalange should "continue action, mopping up the empty camps south of Fakahani until tomorrow at 5:00 a.m., at which time they must stop their action due to American pressure." He stated that he had "no feeling that something irregular had occurred or was about to occur in the camps." At this meeting, he also agreed to provide the militia with a tractor, supposedly to demolish buildings.
On Friday, September 17, while the camps still were sealed off, a few independent observers managed to enter. Among them were a Norwegian journalist and diplomat Gunnar Flakstad, who observed Phalangists during their cleanup operations, removing dead bodies from destroyed houses in the Shatila camp".
The Phalangists did not exit the camps at 5:00 a.m. on Saturday as ordered. They forced the remaining survivors to march out of the camps, randomly killing individuals, and sending others to the stadium for interrogations; this went on for the entire day. The militia finally left the camps at 8:00 a.m. on September 18. The first foreign journalists allowed into the camps at 9:00 a.m. found hundreds of bodies scattered about the camp. The first official news of the massacre was broadcast around noon.
The number of victims of the massacre is disputed. There is general agreement that the exact numbers are very hard to pin down, due to the chaotic conditions during and after the massacre, burials and initial victim-counting, as well as the fact that it has been an extremely politically sensitive issue even to the present day. It is thought that at least a quarter of the victims were Lebanese, the rest Palestinians. Here follow the main estimates that have circulated, ordered by number of deaths:
According to William Schabas, director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights at the National University of Ireland, "the term genocide (…) had obviously been chosen to embarrass Israel rather than out of any concern with legal precision". This opinion is a reflection of the comments made by some of the delegates who took part in the debate. While all acknowledged that it was a massacre, the claim that it was a genocide was disputed, for example the delegate for Canada stated "The term genocide cannot, in our view, be applied to this particular inhuman act". The delegate of Singapore added that "My delegation regrets the use of the term "an act of genocide" (…). [as] , the term 'genocide' is used to mean acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group". and that "We also question whether the General Assembly has the competence to make such determination", and the United States commented that "While the criminality of the massacre was beyond question, it was a serious and reckless misuse of language to label this tragedy genocide as defined in the 1948 Convention (…)".
Citing Sabra and Shatila as an example, Leo Kuper notes the reluctance of the United Nations to respond or take action in actual cases of genocide for most egregious violators, but its willingness to charge "certain vilified states, and notably Israel", with genocide. In his view:
This availability of a scapegoat state in the UN restores members with a record of murderous violence against their subjects a self-righteous sense of moral purpose as principled members of 'the community of nations'... Estimates of the numbers killed in the Sabra-Shatila massacres range from about four hundred to eight hundred - a minor catastrophe in the contemporary statistics of mass murder. Yet a carefully planned UN campaign found Israel guilty of genocide, without reference to the role of the Phalangists in perpetrating the massacres on their own initiative. The procedures were unique in the annals of the United Nations.
Characteristic features were the suspension of critical thinking by journalists who normally exercise a salutary skepticism; unhesitating acceptance and publication of what soon proved to be self-evident propaganda from partisan sources. Most striking and revealing, was the frequent usage of language evocative of the Nazis... Such words as "blitzkrieg", "lebensraum", "genocide", and "final solution" were freely used to reinforce the comparison, sometimes stated and often implied, between Israelis in Lebanon and the Nazis in conquered and occupied Europe... Most reports concentrated their whole attack on the Israelis who, as was known from the start, had not actually participated in the massacre and whose negligence or complicity had not yet been established, and almost failed to mention the Lebanese Christian militias who actually did the deed. The careless reader or viewer could have got the impression that this was a massacre unique in the modern history of the Middle East, and that it was perpetrated directly by the Israelis. Neither was true.
In Europe news of the massacre resulted in a backlash against Jews and Israel. In Italy, airport workers boycotted the Israeli airline El-Al, badges were distributed with the star of David and swastika intertwined, and the slogan "Nazisrael" came to be used. Bombs were exploded in synagogues in Milan and Rome — the latter resulting in the death of a two-year-old boy and the wounding of 34 other people. At the demands of labor unions, a Milan hotel cancelled a scheduled bar mitzvah reception. In France, on September 21, a group of teachers at Lycée Voltaire, one of the leading French high schools, stopped all classes between 10 a.m. and midday. They drafted two letters, one to the French president, demanding the breaking of all diplomatic and economic relations with Israel and official recognition of the PLO; the other to the Israeli embassy in Paris, demanding the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Israeli troops from Lebanon. The letters were read to the students of the school assembled in the courtyard.
Bernard Lewis argues that the response to the massacre was so overwhelming because the event presented an opportunity to blame Jews: "There is no evidence that the teachers of [the Lycée Voltaire] had ever been moved to such action by events in Poland or Uganda, Central America or Afghanistan, South Africa and Southeast Asia, or for that matter in the Middle East where the massacre of Sabra and Shatila... lacked neither precedents nor parallels". He contrasts the reactions to the Sabra and Shatila massacre with those to the Hama massacre which was perpetrated in the same year by the Syrian army and in which tens of thousands were killed, but on which, according to Lewis, "not a dog barked".
On September 28, the Israeli Government resolved to establish a Commission of Inquiry, which was led by former Supreme Court Justice Yitzhak Kahan. The report included evidence from Israeli army personnel, as well as political figures and Phalangist officers. In the report, published in the spring of 1983, the Kahan Commission stated that there was no evidence that Israeli units took direct part in the massacre and that it was the "direct responsibility of Phalangists." However, the Commission recorded that Israeli military personnel were aware that a massacre was in progress without taking serious steps to stop it, and that reports of a massacre in progress were made to senior Israeli officers and even to an Israeli cabinet minister; it therefore regarded Israel as bearing part of the "indirect responsibility."
The Kahan commission found that Ariel Sharon "bears personal responsibilityand recommended his dismissal from the post of Defense Minister, stating that:
It is our view that responsibility is to be imputed to the minister of defense for having disregarded the prospect of acts of vengeance and bloodshed by the Phalangists against the population of the refugee camps and for having failed to take this danger into account when he decided to have the Phalangists enter the camps. In addition, responsibility is to be imputed to the minister of defense for not ordering appropriate measures for preventing or reducing the chances of a massacre as a condition for the Phalangists' entry into the campsThe Kahan commission also recommended the dismissal of Director of Military Intelligence Yehoshua Saguy, and the effective promotion freeze of Division Commander Brig. Gen. Amos Yaron for at least three years.
At first, Sharon refused to resign, and Begin refused to fire him. It was only after the death of Emil Grunzweig after a grenade was tossed into the dispersing crowd of a Peace Now protest march, which also injured ten others, that a compromise was reached: Sharon would resign as Defense minister, but remain in the Cabinet as a minister without portfolio. Even though the Kahan Commission concluded that Sharon should not hold public office again, he would later become Prime Minister of Israel.
Noam Chomsky and Robert Fisk have said that Israel could have predicted that a massacre by Phalange fighters who entered the camps might have taken place. In particular, such commentators do not believe it is possible that there were "2000 PLO terrorists" remaining in the camps, because (1) the Kahan Commission documents that the Israeli army allowed only 150 Phalangist fighters into the camps and (2) the Phalangists suffered only two casualties; an improbable outcome of a supposedly 36-hour battle of 150 militants against 2000 experienced "PLO terrorists" [FT].
However, other commentators point out that Israel never asserted that all of the PLO members (as opposed to Fatah militants) were armed or tried to organize a defense.
Moreover, on several previous occasions, the Phalangists successfully assisted the Israeli army to filter out PLO fighters from the rest of the Lebanese civilian population. Israel points out that the Phalangist field commander, Elie Hobeika, was at that time already maintaining contacts with Syria (he openly switched allegiance to Syria at a later date), suggesting that he may have orchestrated the massacres as a political provocation against his Israeli allies. Finally, Israel never issued an order to kill unarmed civilians in Sabra and Shatila.
Robert Maroun Hatem, Elie Hobeika's bodyguard, stated in his book From Israel to Damascus that Hobeika ordered the massacre of civilians in defiance of Israeli instructions to behave like a "dignified" army.
Ariel Sharon sued Time magazine for libel in American and Israeli courts in a $50 million libel suit, after Time published a story in its February 21 1983, issue, implying that Sharon had "reportedly discussed with the Gemayels the need for the Phalangists to take revenge" for Bashir's assassination. Time won the suit in the U.S. court because Sharon's defense failed to establish that Time had "acted out of malice," as required under the U.S. libel law, although the jury had earlier found the article false and defamatory.
Pierre Rehov, a documentary filmmaker who worked on the case with former Lebanese soldiers, while making his film Holy Land: Christians in Peril, came to the conclusion that Hobeika was definitely responsible for the massacre, despite the orders he had received from Ariel Sharon to behave humanely.
Benny Morris, in Israel's Secret Wars, stated that Israeli forces provided the bulldozers used to bury the massacred Palestinians. In the 2005 Swiss-French-German-Lebanese co-produced documentary Massaker six former Lebanese Forces soldiers who participated personally in the massacre stated there was direct Israeli participation. One of them said that he saw Israeli soldiers driving bulldozers into inhabited houses inside the camp. Another said that Israeli soldiers provided the Lebanese Forces soldiers with material to dispose of the corpses lying around in the streets. Several of the soldiers said that they had received training in Israel. However, these claims are controversial.
After Sharon's 2001 election to the post of Prime Minister of Israel, a lawsuit was filed by relatives of the victims of the massacre in Belgium alleging his personal responsibility for the massacres, under a 1993 law first used against people implicated in the Rwandan Genocide. The Belgian Supreme Court ruled on February 12 2003, that Sharon (and others involved, such as Israeli General Yaron) could be indicted under this accusation. Israel maintained that the lawsuit was initiated for political reasons.
Elie Hobeika, the Phalangist commander at the time of the massacre never stood trial and held a post of a minister in Lebanese government in the 1990s. He was assassinated by a car bomb in Beirut on January 24 2002; some speculated he was preparing to testify in the Belgian war-crimes tribunal investigating the massacre, though others doubted he intended to testify at all.
Michael Nassar, a former Phalangist who became a millionaire selling weapons formerly owned by the Lebanese Forces, was murdered along with his wife in Sao Paulo, Brazil, where he had been living since he fled Lebanon in 1996. He was very close to Elie Hobeika.
On September 24 2003, due to changes in Belgian Universal Jurisdiction law that occurred since the initiation of the case, Belgium's Supreme Court dismissed the war crimes case against Ariel Sharon, since none of the plaintiffs had Belgian nationality at the start of the case.


text:
Posted: April 21, 2013 at 3:22 a.m.
Kelsey Marie Baer, daughter of Debbie and Mark Baer of Little Rock, and Cliff Ryan Parsons, son of Trish and Nick Parsons of Conway; June 8.
Clea Bunch, daughter of Julie Lutz and George Wallerstein of Seattle, and the late Thomas Lutz, and Robert Hupp, son of the late Martha Hupp and the late Robert Hupp, both of Laurel, Del.; June 8.
Anna Alyssa Paty , daughter of Pam and David Paty of Sheridan, and Taggart Moore, son of Deonna and Roger Moore of Searcy;June 22.
Sarah Post, daughter of Karla and Matthew Post of Russellville, and Stephen Borengasser, son of Marylynn and Michael Borengasser of Conway; June 8.
Stephanie Dawn Sanders, daughter of Leona and Jerry Sanders of Jacksonville, and Christopher Aaron Cagle, son of Linda and Rusty Cagle; May 25.
Kelly Lynn Teag ue, daughter of Gayle and Randy Teague of Little Rock, and Joel Michael Brown, son of Lory and Chip Brown of Springdale; June 15.
High Profile, Pages 42 on 04/21/2013
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Name Norbu Gyeltshen
Age: 29
Party :
Druk Chirwang Tshogpa
Name Choida Gyamtsho
Age: 47
Party :
Druk Phuensum Tshogpa
Name Karma Dorji
Age: 36
Party :
Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa
Name Sherab Jamtsho
Age: 29
Party :
Peoples Democratic Party
Constituency: Nanglam
65 thoughts on "Constituency: Nanglam
Dzongkhag: Pemagatshel (23,048 eligible voters)"
khorwa lamsang
Wai Weseyel Lhundup, it is very sad to see the photo of Mr.Pema Wangdi from Mongar Constituency as PDP candidates who initially are with BKP. Where is ur president and why keeping silent? Every now and then, ur candidates are hijacked by other party so whats wrong ……….yeah. Just i wanted to get clarification whether ECB rule allows or not. Otherwise, how PDP is qualified for the primary round without 47 candidates. In the Letter of Intent, PDP has nominated Ms.Kezang Wangmo as candidate which is duly signed and legally valid. So what ur party is planning……….if it continues to happen. Don't you feel that, ur party seems to be like brokerage firm in the market.
Aie sam
Pls felow citizen give 1 more chance to dpt because some of their menifestos are unfulfiled within the short duration of 5 yrs la n dey to are xperienced. Dey did their best n dey deserve thumps up..m going for choida jamtso
I think our ex-MP choida Jamtsho needs to be proactive and deligent in parliament rather than staying idle and too quite when the hurculent decision have been made for the people of Bhutan by few representatives. I have never seen him standing once in parliament and addressing the issues on behalf of our constituency ( my observation) while we know he have been paid huge salary n other perks as a representative of our constituency. If he needs my vote then I think he should promise us to represent us in a effective manner rather than being idle which even a foolish person can do.
khorwa lamsang
How PDP is qualified for the primary round ………….yeah, although the party has only 40 (forty) candidates as of 13.05.2013. Don't anyone feel petty on BKP. Why don't BKP raise their voice.
Weseyel Lhundup, a BKP Member
Hi Khorwa Lamsang,
thank u so much for ur concern, esp with regard to the sympathy towards BKP. Yes, u r very rite..all of us, including the whole nation has been just left confused, when such decisions r passed by our authorities based on the unclear provisions.. But while Kuen-Nyam did not believe on retaliating and making issues that will disturb every one, concerned citizens like u n i should be really worried about that such unfortunate events could also happen in a GNH Family like ours. But Kuen-Nyam will always maintain and remain firm to what it stands for to serve our Tsawa sum with its unique and profound ideology of 'People First' . 4 ur kind info, BKP did appealed to the authorities, but nothing came out..Let our citizens be the best judge now..See you in 2018 la..
Weseyel Lhundup, a BKP Member, Nganglam
Kadrin chhe la Karma,
for your kind words and concerns regading our constituency la. Any ways we have four more choice who are equally capable and understands our people's needs at the national as well as the grassroot problems that needs to be addressed la. Now we all shoud always work hand in hand and support all the Candidates and Political Parties so that our constituency needs as aspire by our people are atleast taken care of if not all achieved la. Once again thank u and Congratulations to all our Demngos. Trashi Delek.
kharang zaley
if PDP wants vote please upload the photo….if not we will vote for black photo of PDP……………………………..or opt for other party…..
Mr. Nobu gyaltsen's picture is very rough! we tend to say, "mi naap, sem karp," but in this case i will say the man is really rock! will it cost a lot to take good photograph. a professional person should look professional! people will down look you though you r a good man…………
khorwa lamsang
where is the PDP candidates photo.
Weseyel Lhundup, BKP Candidate can join his former party….i think the people are more politically educated..and knows the importance of having a strong candidate rather than voting based on the party president..
My best wishes to all the candidates
kharang zaley
still waiting for PDP candidate to upload the photo………
I will vote for…………..NONE…..I wish i was never in this CONSTITUENCY. What great changes took place thus far? Ask yourselves. And, at times, it's so embarrassing to behold our MP (DASHO, as you may call him) like a STATUE , no CONCERN, no AGENDA, NOTHING to raise in the Assembly -as if our CONSTITUENCY is abundantly furnished with everything. We are so sick of him literally.
WE WANT MEANINGFUL CHANGE; NOT trash!
Rangjung Dorji
Dear spear and dagger, you made a right comment at the wrong time. This also shows ur own weakness and low integrity. For meaningful change as u mentioned we want DNT to win this time as this comment was passed by one of the DNT candidates and also "change" is the slogan of DNT. All the best and hope for the candidate of ur choice in the next assembly.
i don't understand what spear and dagger are talking about…….. i guess they are supporter of other party. that's why they are criticizing the former MP and and his work. may be you are triggering other people not to support DPT.
To me, i am speechless about DPT. i am happy with their hard working and effort that they had made and brought with lots of changes in our communities. The party has Fulfill the Basic requirement(Farm road, light and drinking water) to the people. I am Happy with former MP. IF YOU ARE CUTOFF FROM OUTSIDE WORLD WHO WILL COME PERSONALLY TO YOUR HOUSE TO BUILD THE BRIDGE SO THAT YOU CAN ACCESS TO OUTSIDE WORLD…………….
Anyway, good wishes and best of luck to all the Party…
i know whatever DPT has done for us. i am gonna go for Choida jamtsho.
kharang zaley
"My reply is mainly for those dechenlingpas and nganglampas who have not visited their villages for the last five years and keep on commenting living in urban areas like thimphu, paro, phunstholing and other places". The above quotation is quoted by our Dasho in facebook.yea dasho ur right ..it is 5 years now we didnt go to village……we went to village to vote in 2008 expanding our saving.Now we are thinking of postal ballot just to safe the money for our child.As dasho had said the gyelposhing nganglam highway was started in IXth five year plan. any other work of IXth five year plan done in ur time….we understood and happy now. .DPT LAGALO
Aiten Nganglam khotsha
Greetings and good wishes. Hearty congratulations to all the aspiring National Assembly representative. With the elections drawing so ever close hope all of you are in the bizarre midst of campaigning and keeping on to the promises. I am certain that all of you would do good job and will have to.
Nganglam, as it is since the time it has come into existence has always been a town of people with strength and hope, the place with where people who had never die spirit and place when people always knew something big would happen. The history of the town itself shows its strengths and importance as far as the times of Dungsam Kochi and its Khar (ngatshang) Gundru Jaipo and the wealth at chang chang ma, the Dechilling khochi and tshomen the trading routes of the Dzonger garpas, the building of Tashiding Dzong near Amshingwong as the trading post , since the findings of the limestone in Kangrizi, the formation of DCP, the coming of one of the best designed school buildings in Bhutan, now the cement boom, it has always been a good place to live in and to be born into. But as rosy as it may sound time has tested it shaken it to the roots and trembled its very core like the massacre of policemen, kidnapping of people and the insurgent problem, as well as the never ending perception of controversies. Above all this place has been very accommodating the 'Tshongpas' from Trashigang, the orange traders from Kheng, the 'Gaipas' from mongar, no offence the 'Shillongpas', now the contractors and other workers above all no other places in Bhutan consider their neighbours to be their 'Kurmas' and we a generous lot too we offer as well, hospitality and honesty. But, all in all people had come and people had gone and it is one place I can assure will drain every bit of aspiring politicians sweat and true to it one should sweat. Tell us how easy it is to talk to us and tell tall tale about building all infeasible infrastructure and dreams and how easy is it to sit on our chair at the assembly and preach us. What I am saying here is we don't want anything fancy all we want is the Nganglam jobs should go to Nganglampas, our 'Tshelugsi' should be able to reach the markets on time. We just want water and lights, that is it. If you could fight for us to have farm roads and all. This is all we want and if you think you fit the bill, yes! we say you are our 'MAN' if not please leave us alone and let us be us just the laid back, easy going Nganglampas. But, unfortunate as it would be and unpleasant as it may seem it is disheartening to see political canvassing has already begun and the knick knack game of pulling strings have already started so please keep us away out of it and let us do what we are doing, like I said we have the choice and we will see who fits the bill, there are no reasons to panic and hypertensions. We have people if you look at the ratio of most people holding influential post in the government we are not very far from the 'chalipas of Mongar'.
We know parties come and parties will go and it doesn't matter to us what matter to us is the fact we are employing you to serve us, if you serve us well you will be given your dues if not life still goes on. Please serve as well and take us further amongst the best in the country.
Best of luck and good wishes
Nganglam Pemagatshel (Formerly Samdrup Jongkhar which we prefer)
Weseyel Lhundup, Your BKP Candidate
A very very hearty 'THANKS and WELCOME' to all the Forum Members for your valuable views, comments and contributions and for making a small democracy happening here..
Kadrinchhe la.
The God Father
Hello, dear true sons & daughters of Bhutan & Nganglam Constituency. Are there any scope of our NA candidates for Executive positions if any candidates wins in 2013 elections, meaning irrespective of any candidates amongst 5 parties?
Wai future MP,
Hangten ya nisho! Lungten di mapa leyra mib embaymosh…..if wishes were horses even beggars would ride it….hard luck all the best and keep waiting for 5 years opps 10 years because you waited for 5 years already mena…
congratulation and jubilations
Weseyel Lhundup, Your BKP Aspiring Candidate
My Dear Fellow Bhutanese, Well wishers, Nganglampas, Supporters and BKP Family,
You are obviously aware that BKP was disqualified yesterday from participating the Primary Round of Elections 2013. The decision of the ECB has surprised and shocked the nation especially the supporters who not only believe in Kuen-Nyam but for the cause of a Democracy in Bhutan. As expressed in the media by our President, it must have happened for a reason. This is a very alarming and an unfortunate moment in the history of BKP and the Democracy at large.
We, as a Family of the Party has left no stones unturned to get for Gasa Candidates since 2010 as mentioned by our President also. We were left with no choice.
We have everything required by law. Anyways, let us wait some moment and see la..
With Heavy Hearts,
Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party
plezzz vote 4 DPT…
There are other parties like BKP, I, guess which is as strong as DPT. It seems BKP, maintains its originality of being the real Bhutanese adorned with simplicity keeping up their low profile in their show as a political party. Internally, I guess this party must have instituted all the candidates in the 47 constituencies very silently. I find this party has all the equal mix and combination of both old and young candidates. So, what do you say, others in this forum? May I have your wise and liberated comments, Please?
PDP and DPT instead of pressing voter machine, ll show our middle finger at you. People those who think DPT must win this time, they didnt have any idea of how last 5 yr wnt out. If people are educated from western side of the country, you must contest yourself to bring change…many party a in need of you…do not depend on one old man… hope there r thousand who wanna see change… be there…
Weseyel Lhundup, Your BKP Candidate
Hello & Kuzu Zangpo la to all the Forum Members, Nganglampas, Well Wishers and Concerned Citizens of the Kingdom.
I am on Familiarization in the Constituency. I have met the majority of people in the Chhoekhorling, Norbugang and Dechenling Geogs.
In order to meet our people and undestand their issues, till date i have travelled and met ou people at Chhoekhorling, Yarjewoong, Kerong, Dezama, Nganglam Nydab, Rinchenzor, Ningshingborang, Tshelshingzor, Gashari, Tanzima, Borangmo, Chorten area, Bridge area, Phatowoong, Menchu, Tsengkari, Rognowang, Mongar, Rezemo, Dungchilo, Dungchilo Paam, Kholomri, Namdaling, Laisheri, Dungphu, Yebashing, Ngangrai and Shingchungri.
Next Mendrelgang, Yangmalashing, Bapta, Martshala, Gonpawoong to be continued from today.
While i may not need to introduce myself, as a mandate I also reintroduce myself to all others residing in the 20 Dzongkhags that I am Weseyel Lhundup, your aspiring BKP Candidate. We strongly believe in 'People First'.
Thank you all. Trashi Delek!
Best of luck.
Weseyel Lhundup, Your BKP Aspiring Candidate
As scheduled above, we have visited Yangmalashing, Mendrelgang (Kherbari), Gonpawoong, Martshala and Bapta villages of Dechenling Geog and met the people there personally. Now, as required, we are here in the Capital for submission of Letter of Intent for Contesting in the upcoming National Assembly Election 2013. Kadrin chhe la.
Dear candidates.
welcome you all n who believe n trust yourself to serve people in our communities with much integrity. may best candidate win and hope for the best whoever win the election, but remember their much be equal economic development to every corner where ever you wish to see the changes. their mustn't have any nepotism, injustice and favoritism at any case. we believe in you and trust you but if this happen at any case during your five years term, we have zero tolerance and its never happen in future elections that you deserve the people choice……… To all the candidatures of ours constituency.
Where is DCT member?,, Only 1 person is qualified to stand from easten side of the country???? i.e. jigme y thinley only… wer r others???? Y so less educated people there… so poor,?? Common people if you have guts just give a twist to other party…. dont proof youself so poor……
Dear Mr. Dawa, welcome your precious thoughts and opinion where your reflections are truly one sided and never put yourself on other's shoe. Well, I would like to shed few points on the POWER. Well, Power means many different things to different people. For some, power is seen as corrupt. For others, the more power they have, the more successful they feel. For even others, power is of no interest at all. Your say on the would be power on the Ruling MPs versus the Opposition MPs, where you have mentioned RMPs powerful than OMPs. I would say both wil have an equal /level playing powers. You don't have to be in a leadership or senior level role or MPs to have some form of power. The Power will depend on the Source and type of powers one can make use of it. Power, power,power….people obssessively want the power. What is Power? There are 5 types of power:
1. Formal or Coercive power.
2. Reward power.
3. Legitimate power.
4. Personal or Expert power.
5. Referent power.
Any MPs irrespective of ruling or opposition, if they are able to source it out the 4th and 5th type of power, then power would ultimately play viceversa. The power of experiences, knowledge/skills and power of trust, confidence and respect….through these, people will be willing to go the extra mile to live up to their expectations. Power should be acquired through various dimensions to make people believe and ultimately have trust on the leadership.
DPT WILL form the government anyway, so, it's futile to caste your vote to a non DPT candiate, because even if your candiate is elected, he's going to be on the OPPOSITION side, less powerful than the Ruling MP and your things will not get done anyway. If a Ruling MP can't do things, much less chance for someone on the opposition side…that's exactly what happened in OL's constituency and Dasho Damcho Dorji's constituency in the last 5 years.
Kinga Namgay
I do not know Mr. Weseyel Lhundup & Mr. Karma Dorji personally. Voting blindly based on forum readers like Kelly & Chimi would be risky. People don't do this. Let us wait & listen to each of these candidates. Probably we'll have candidates from DCT & PDP shortly. There's no rush to make.
At the moment, I feel BKP & DCT are the strongest in terms of candidates & as a party. But this might change.
Time will tell.
yes pls….vote for BKP Weseyel,he is capable person…so cheers and best of luck to all Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party.
Please, vote for the Mr.BKP Weseyel Lhundup, an economist & Customs Officer who has experiences in the field of economy and social system in our country. Definitely Ngaanglam Constituency will have positive outcome in the next 5 years if people opt for Mr. Weseyl Lhundup, who knows the grass root level problems and issues since he was educated and brought up in constituency only. This guy is also expected to hold a an important portfolio since he's being in the bureaucracy as well as in the politics in the past. Has enough experiences and capacity to bring changes.
It is great to see people coming out to contest the election and provide their service to the people. Very nice, even better is that both of our aspiring candidates from BKP and DNT have joined this forum (cannot confirm their authenticity) seeing the comments, it is good, very good indeed in letting know their hopes and expectations and their vision by the educated lots, so very nice step taken, I applaud both of you being Pemagatshel pa doro.
As I know from the previous election, looks like all three of you belong to somehow a same family mena. Anyways, no issues, as rightly pointed out by PM to the political party members those went to meet him, that all their objective to be to Serve the people, then only people can RESPECT each other and work and live in HARMONY.
So I only wish political parties do not take to the extreme of getting personal and lose the respect to each other, and here BKP member rightly did my applauding the current member for his service to the people of Nanglam, and he still remains the most favoured and suitable candidate, though other two can be equally good.
Wish good luck to all three of you.
Sangay Wangdi
Whatever said & done, it is good to see more choice of candidates for our constituency. Dear forum members, please do not point fingers at one another. Even if we have the best of the candidates to represent our constituency, the aspirations of all the people are hard to fulfill. Achievements can never be 100% especially in case of our country where we have to rely heavily on loans and grants from rich donor countries. We need to realize that it's not only the government that has to 'spoon feed' us but a small share from our part will go a long way to help recover the country's economy. Isn't it time that we start eating ourselves instead of just opening the mouth & wait for the food?
Time to pull up our socks, fellow constituency men! Let us take a holistic & pragmatic approach to elect the 'best man' to facilitate & support the development needs & issues of Nganglam Dungkhag. To have a microscopic view of issues today is like forgoing the long term benefits. No matter when & where, people are always going to have a myriad list of 'shopping list'. We need to prioritize those issues that are of community importance & put up to the government for recourse & support.
Let us not be swept away by party slogans & 'hear say rumours'. Let us take time to listen to each of the candidates & assess their capability, experience, maturity, and mindset and also assess the party each candidate belongs to. After all we are all human beings with a 'rational mind' that can differentiate 'right' from 'wrong'. This is the time for all of us to rationalize, analyze & score the candidates best suited to 'serve our constituency'.
Remember … "Community needs first & personal needs last".
My good wishes to all the aspiring candidates!
Weseyel Lhundup, Your BKP Candidate
First of all, Thank you and Trashi Delek to our serving MP Dasho Choida Jamtsho (DPT) for your selfless service and succeessful tenure as our First MP of Nganglam Constituency. The people unanimously elected Dasho in 2008 Parliamentary Election. Dasho has served our Tsawa-Sum and have gained experience in democracy too. Our people have lots of trust and expectations from Dasho in the near future too. That's why we must welcome back Dasho for 2013..
Secondly, Thank you and Trashi Delek to Karma Dorji (DNT) for providing another choice to our people, who is equally competent and believes in the cause of democracy.
Thirdly, we are very hopeful that our elite people of Nganglam will not let down the other Parties – DCT and PDP and come up with Candidates to fill up the gap..
Lastly, ofcourse, I am there to serve the people of Dechenling, Norbugang and Chhoekhorling since the First Parliamentary Election 2008.
But this time with the Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party. Our slogan is "People First"
Kadrinchhe la.
sampa kuendhen
I know by now, we all voters are aware of 'to whom we should vote?' and 'how precious a single vote is?' and so on…. But the MAIN thing is, we should choose the right PERSON (candidate) than the right PARTY if we really think for our own constituency beneficence. I think choosing the right PARTY won't think for your/our constituency. However, I am sorry if i might have hurt anybody. It's only my SUGGESTION laaa……
Rangjung Dorji
Hi, Kharang zaley, it is happy to see three aspiring NA candidates are coming from nganglam constituency. All the best for all of them. However, it is sad to learn that u had to solve the problems of people of Nganglam like recruiting the unemployed youths. giving contract works to the contractors and giving works to drumper trucks. as a citizen of bhutan and public of nganglam one interesting thing is that who forced you or your concubines to buy drumper trucks? You should insist the concerned authority or individual who promised you such jobs and works. Next time you sign an agreement on the issues with the MP before you cast ur vote to him/her.
kharang zaley
Thanks Rangjung Dorji…..what you had said is right? Did you sign an agreement with your candidate(MP)? sorry i could not answer your question…coz i am not able to understand the language u had wrote la…….till than thanks for addressing to my name…..n please write in simple language so that people like me(with less qualification) can understand……………Thanks alwys ………. kharang zaley…
Ugyen Dorji
First of all let me congratulate the above candidates for representing our constituency from their own party and giving us the choice to choose among the best of best for the upcoming election. I find all the candidates have the right potential and energy to serve the people of their constituency. All the best three of you la
kharang zaley
Pema…you really want our younger generation to suffer……read the above page written by chimi.many of our people from our constituency had went all the way from thimphu to do interview at DCCL thinking that it may help to our people,some came back to thimphu to work….some directly went to there village………………….what they say….."Pre-selected la ROOO"….many contractor from.constituency..went Nganglam thinking that they will get some works….what they got……just made them to buy drumper…n kept without work for almost a year……they pay loan without working……………………………………….never and ever try to safe one……one day all may die.
What ever may be the case, Choida Jamtsho should be given another chance. He has done a lot during hir 5 yrs representing Nganglam COnstituency
Weseyel Lhundup
Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party (BKP) represents you and it is your own Party. Kuen-Nyam means "All Equal". It's Election Symbol is Kuen-Nyam Khorla (Norbu Nga).
Today Nganglam have the largest Cement Project in the country after more than 30 years of its establishment. The people have so much of hope and expectations from this mega project. People here have been waiting for years and years like the foothills buffalo waiting for salt from Tibet then. During those good old days, our people bartered mushrooms for rice and oranges for paddy..People were more happy then! Now with the coming of the Project since 2005, how have our people benefited then? How many of our local contractors were engaged in the construction? How many of our business people have benefited and are better off now? How many of our youths are relieved from the pain of unemployment by being employed in the Project? Our people have sacrificed our precious land containing minerals for the Project. They have displaced our people from their their rightful land. Now what will our people get out of this..? What else have the present ruling government done to ease the people's problems then? Our people still live aside the roads in the temporary huts, they still sell dry fishes and cock-kiss biscuits, the orange trees are showing signs of extinction, people who sacrificed their land to the National Park are still in hope of getting substitute land, land identified for town planning are occupied by influential ones, majority of people in the Dechenling, Norbugang and Chhoekhorling still lives in poverty..Indeed our people have not benefited as supposed to be due improper policy and planning..There is a lot of home works remained undone…
Come 2013…let's not make the same mistake again. Let us not forget ourselves as a sons and daughters of a true Bhutanese, who believe in Lay Judrey and Tha Damtshig and choose a right Candidate and a Party to serve us and our country..
Weseyel Lhundup
"Blessed in the form of emanation from the Golden Throne,
Nurtured with wisdom and compassion by our Benevolent Monarchs, Thus, the sacred gift of Democracy to the people of Bhutan.
Further, empowered by th sacred Constitution of the Kingdom,
we hereby: As our moral obligation, As our social responsibility and As our rightful duty of concerned citizens, Pledge to assume and shoulder such noble and sacred duty.."
kharang zaley
whoever win, we want development were more people are staying/settling not in forest or along the river side and our orange trees are dying and many class 10 and 12 drop out student coming back home saying not getting job, so we want selected candidate to create job opportunity in our constituency …………………..i am satisfied wth present dasho but when we go home wth small car i feel y dasho had not rise his voice to make the Nganglam gyelposhing high way from our village so that it will benefit the people of decheling….the money which is spent to make farm road at decheling will be spent to people staying in mongar and yangbalashing which will save the money of GOVT. and benefit to all not ………………….just my view…
rinchen khandu
Congratulations! for all the participants from our constituency. we feel proud to be your people and really thanks for taking path in upcoming election. whoever win, we wish your best and serve your people to the best. Hope, all of your tenure will bring great developmental changes in Nganglam Dungkhag. we believe and heard that Nganglam throm will become one of the biggest city in the Country…. therefore, all the candidates are reminded to work hard and focus on the development in the next term…. Once again TASHI DELEK to all.
Wow… So we already have lyonpo before election. That is very good la. Lot of lyonpos in dpt and hope they will serve well like old lyonpos. Best wishes to lyonpo and all candidates who are not lyonpo also….
kharang zaley
we are very happy to see new young and capable candidate of NA and NC coming from our constituency.all are equally capable to be lyonpo but we want young candidate, who can understand the problem of young generation and look down not up…..stop migration ………….we will be happy to see more young candidate …………….wish you all the best……….i will be happy if the final will be DPT and DNT………
Sort of la. Five aspiring Lyonpos, BKP Lyonpo,DCT Lyonpo,DNT Lyonpo, DPT Lyonpo, and PDP Lyonpo. It's good la. Anyone wins the race in 2013 election based on our will and people's choice from our constituency, let them become what they aspires and needs to be. They will be our asset eventually in our own constituency. Lets support them.
Yes, rightly said by our aspiring candidate in Karma Dorji, all candidates are for serving the country, people and the king. I think it will be hard for all new candidates to fill the boot of Mr. Choida Gyamtsho in whom we most Pemagatshelpa see as the future Lyonpo and deliver more than what he could do this time……..good luck to you all…
Yes, all Candidates are there to serve our King, Country and People. They have made many personal sacrifices and investments for the cause of Nation Building. Yes, it will be a history if we have a Lyonpo from Nganglam. But we should also never forget and undermine our upcoming new Candidates, who have so much of energy and potential with their genuine hearts to serve the country. It is not a magic, if you want a Lyonpo, you can have one. Vote for him and make him serve you – This is Democracy not Autocracy!
Everything is easy. There is nothing called hard or difficult to contest this simple election. Filling up the boot of someone is expected to reverse this time. There is nothing called new or old candidates. All 5 candidates will be counted as a new contestants in 2013. Cheers for all new candidates in the constituency. Let all 5 candidates succeed as holding any portfolio or Lyonpos.
Karma Dorji
We are all here to serve our people and the nation, we are here to unite the people, we will all work together to unite our people as Bhutanese first, then anything else. My best wishes to all the candidates of the parties, and let us all work as one, together to serve our Country, King and People of Bhutan.
Yes, rightly expressed for the common good of the people of the constituency. Integrity and unity, etc, etc, are all subsets of Bhutan Kuenyam Khorlo which may be about GNHnizing & serving the people at large with essence of simplicity & practically putting People First. This is what I and few dozens of my colleagues have been able to grasp among the 5 political parties so far.


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Katie Holmes Wants Suri Cruise to Be a "Normal Kid," Says the Divorce Has Been Hard on Her
It's hard to deny that Suri Cruise, daughter of recent exes Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes, is living a charmed life, even in spite of being trapped in the middle of her parent's high-profile divorce. But could it be time for Suri's celebrity parents to lay off the frequent gifts and private helicopter rides?
Her mother seems to think so, at least.
"She wants [her] to fit in and be more of a normal kid," an insider told Us Weekly of Katie's approach to parenting Suri.
And other than a few tantrum-fueled trips to FAO Schwarz, Katie is reportedly doing what she can to make sure Suri doesn't wind up too spoiled, a difficult task considering the 6-year-old's parents earn multiple millions every year.
"She said the divorce has been hard on Suri and she's acting out," another friend of the actress said. "Katie says no to some things, but gives a little leeway. She knows Tom is going to spoil her."
Source: Us Weekly
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Mustang MonthlyFeatured Vehicles
1967 Ford Mustang GT - We'll See
Chewing Up The Scenery In A Bone-Stock, All-Original '67 GT
Driving a Dark Moss Green four-speed '67 GT is probably about as close as I'm ever going to get to assuming the role of Detective Frank Bullitt. But that's OK, because for a brief half hour or so, I experienced firsthand the thrills of flat-out highway driving in a similar car.
The gorgeous '67 GT featured on these pages is the pride and joy of Ross Childers and his son, Brian, of Gladstone, Oregon. Ross is one of those super-fortunate guys who happened to be in the right place at the right time. After a relatively short search for the perfect Pony, Ross discovered this beauty tucked away in a heated garage in 1994. For Ross, it was one of those sad stories with a happy ending.
Sad, in that the car's original owner drove it quite hard for the first two years of its life-pushing it through the traps whenever he had the chance. Even the venerable 390 can take only so much abuse, and the Mustang's mill was finally pushed to the breaking point. The big-block was over-revved once too often, the rocker arms' shafts proceeded to break down, and the chain reaction that followed sidelined the GT from late 1969 until early 1994.
Although the original owner decided back in the late '60s not to fix the car, he did have the grace to stick the little Ford in the garage and keep it under wraps. When the car was taken off the active-duty roster, the odometer showed a scant 25,100 miles. Ross happened upon the car when a mutual friend tipped him off, so he caught the owner in just the right mood and cut a quick deal. The GT was trailered home, and the damages were assessed. With only two years' worth of road time, the car was in excellent condition and showed minimal signs of degradation, thanks to its 24-year, Rip Van Winkle stint. The motor was yanked, torn down, and totally rebuilt to factory specs. Ross had the chance to bore it over and drop in a killer cam and a big-bore carb, but being a stickler for originality, the 390 emerged bone stock. The body and the interior were already in beautiful shape, showing little wear and tear. To this day, in fact, the car has never seen a door ding or even a bad stone chip. Ross and Brian worked overtime, detailing the GT's every square inch to get it ready for the '94 cruise-in season. During the past six summers, the GT has taken plenty of trophies for best unrestored original. Since he's owned it, Ross has managed to restrain himself, adding only about 600 miles to the car's odometer. Luckily for me, though, he consented to a rather spirited testdrive on a rare, sunny spring afternoon in the Pacific Northwest.
I recently put a stock '67 GTA through its paces, so I kinda knew what to expect with the GT-the obvious difference being the presence of the beefy Top Loader. As with my previous experience, bottom-end performance is fairly tame, although the manual gearbox helps deliver a little more grunt straight out of the hole. Road tests of the day had these cars pegged with 0-60 times right around 7 seconds, and Ross' car seems to fit into that category.


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Book Search
Sustainable Urban Design
An Environmental Approach, 2nd Edition
By the end of the twenty-first century it is thought that three-quarters of the world's population will be urban; our future is in cities. Making these cities healthy, vibrant and sustainable is an exceptional challenge which this book addresses. It sets out some of the basic principles of the...
Published December 16th 2008 by Taylor & Francis
Sustainable Urban Design
An Environmental Approach
Bringing together theory and practice this important text provides a coherent overview of the important issues in sustainable urban design. The contributors, recognised experts from both architectural and planning practices, focus on the physical aspects of the urban environment - the buildings and...
Published December 26th 2002 by Taylor & Francis


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Midterm grading is now closed for this fall semester, however students will still be able to view their midterm grades through GoWMU.
This fall semester, 663 sections participated in midterm grading; a total of 23, 880 midterm grades were submitted.
There are three periods of time related to student withdrawals, as a summary:
All withdrawals appear as a 'W' on the student's transcript and do not affect the students' WMU gpa.
Faculty and staff now have access to the schedule view students use when searching for courses. To access this view, log in to GoWMU, from the faculty/staff home tab, click on Faculty menu. Then scroll down to click on 'Search Course Offerings'. From here you can select the subject and course, the information is returned in a format which allows you to view the enrollment and other information for many sections.
True or false?
An advisor does not have to allow a student to inspect and review her/his personal notes about the student that are held in a file in the desk of the advisor's office.
Monday, Oct. 29 - Fall 2008 schedules available to departments. for update
Monday, Nov. 5 - Last day for students to withdraw for Fall 2007.
Monday, Nov. 5 - Summer I & II final review begins
Friday, Nov. 9 - Summer I and II final corrections due by 5:00 pm.
Wednesday, Nov. 21 - Thanksgiving recess begins at noon
Monday, Nov. 26 - Classes resume
Monday, Dec. 10 - Final exam week begins
True, "sole possession" records are an exception to the definition of education records and are therefore not accessible by the student.
The definition of "sole possession" records:
Records that are kept in the sole possession of the maker, are used only as a personal memory aid, and are not accessible or revealed to any other person except a temporary substitute for the maker of the record.
Any record that is made in conjunction with a student or other school official is not a sole possession record.
There is a lot more to see! Visit some of our friends at WMU to learn about academics, costs of attendance, and campus life.


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Secretariat movie
Date of visit:3/29/11
Location:Oceanside, CA
My Review
The movie was fine...don't go looking for violence, killing, or sex. As a Seattle based race fan I wrote Claiborne Farms prior to a KY trip and did a tour, complete with my picture taken with BIG RED. ..so I knew the story, and found it tastefully done here. We NEED some good stories about good things happening to good people...and animals!


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Rumer is it true you'll be playing the Joker in the next Batman movie?
Dude looks like a lady.
gorgeous rack. and demi had nothing to do with it.
Love the creepy camera man in the back checking out her ass.
Bruce Willis isn't the father. The father can be seen here:
She actually looks like Green Goblin in the 4th photo… terrifying.


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Uganda's largest opposition party, the Forum for Democratic Change, is buzzing with activity as three senior members canvass votes to take over its leadership.
The Leader of Opposition in Parliament, Nathan Nandala-Mafabi; the secretary for Mobilisation, Gen Mugisha Muntu; and Tororo County MP, Geoffrey Ekanya, all hope to replace Dr Kizza Besigye as party president. Muntu, Mafabi and Ekanya officially launched their campaigns last week in Iganga, Kasangati and Tororo, respectively.
This is a momentous exercise for FDC and an important event in the history of Uganda's contemporary multiparty democracy. How this exercise is handled could have implications for how all who aspire to a mature Ugandan democracy feel about their country and its future. Already, the first days of official campaigning have attracted controversy, with accusations and counter accusations seeking to undermine one candidate or the other. This is not a very good omen.
While politics, by its nature, tends to be adversarial, and competition is no cup of tea, the FDC needs to convince Ugandans that they are capable of giving the country a different kind of leadership - a different kind of politics. This should be politics that prizes transparent processes, not one where the end justifies the means; politics built around issues of concern to Ugandans rather than around who comes from which part of Uganda.
The FDC must know that it carries the hopes of millions of Ugandans - hopes that the opposition can provide meaningful check on the party in government. The party, therefore, has a responsibility to strengthen our faith in democracy. It is one thing for people to feel that a sitting government is wanting; it is quite another for them to believe that the standing opposition would usher in change for the better - if it got a chance to govern.
The challenges that face an opposition party in a constrained political environment like Uganda's are well-known; yet the respect that citizens give opposition parties and their leaders is earned through putting the parties and the country ahead of individual self interest.


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Designed By : TITCOMS
Copyright © All rights reserved. Thembisile Hani Local Municipality. External Links
| Contacts
Tel : + 27 13 986 9100
Fax : + 27 13 986 0995
Thembisile Hani Local Municipality has a total population of about 310 458 (7.68%). Population under 15yrs is 32.10%, 15 to 64yrs is 62.90% and over 65yrs is 4.9%
"Taking our people to the Next level"
See departments of the municipality and their functions:
Office of the Municipal Manager
Social Development Services (SDS)
Technical Service
Local Economic Development
Intergrated Development Plan
Mayor's Conner
Links >>
The learnership and internship policy was developed to enable Thembisile hani Local
Municipality in administration and handling of its social responsibility in dealing
with Learnership / internship...
According to the national youth policy of 2007 "Municipalities as Indicated by the
municipal systems act 32 of 2000 they must establish appropriate mechanisms ,processes
and procedures enable the local to participate in the affairs of the municipality...
Read more >>
The municipality has a vast sporting activities ranging from: Soccer, Valley Ball,
Netball. For more information on this contact the office. 0139869100
Corporate Service
Human Settlement
Vacancies/ Job application


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Tactical Ripstop Pant - Dickies
Dickies Tactical Ripstop pant, engineered to work as hard as the officers who...
A former student at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth was convicted Monday of obstructing a terrorism investigation by concealing a backpack containing fireworks that belonged to his close friend Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing.
In the first trial related to the bombings, jurors in US District Court also found that Azamat Tazhayakov, 20, was part of a conspiracy with his off-campus roommate to hide incriminating evidence in the days immediately after the attack, the Boston Globe reports.
Tags: Boston Marathon Bombing, Obstruction of Justice, Massachusetts


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Caesars Entertainment, Las Vegas Hotels
Imagine booking the most opulent Las Vegas suite online, right in the convenience of your home or smartphone. Caesars Entertainment presents Anthology Las Vegas Suites & Villas, an exclusive travel website offering the city's best suites in one place. For the first time ever, you can book luxurious suites that were only available to the high-level….


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Shave and a Haircut Fragrance Oil: A masculine scent with clean, sharp finish. It's the perfect combination of barbershop aromas. This fragrance combines the scent of a strong yet sweet aftershave along with hints of aromatic spices and orange zest. One of the winners of our 2013 Spring S.O.A.P. panel, our testers loved this fragrance in everything from bath bombs to hot process soap to lotion to good ol' cold process soap. Discolored to an ivory for some testers in CP soap.
CP Testing Notes: May accelerate trace at higher temperatures. Discolors slightly.
Flash Point: This medium-flashpoint oil (196ºF) cannot ship via USPS regardless of the shipping method you choose at checkout.
Photo Attribution: © Can Stock Photo
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Margaret of Sweet Soft Skin Handmade Soaps creates gorgeous soap that is full of color and personality. Her signature style are bars with plenty of layers, soap frosting, embeds and glitter. The result is showstopping! Read on to learn more about Margaret, including what inspires her color palettes and her number one soaping tip! -A.M. […]
The post Interview with Margaret of Sweet Soft Skin Handmade Soaps appeared first on Soap Queen.


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We all remember where we were when the events of 9/11 began. I was walking down Broadway to my Times Square offices when I noticed a procession of loud fire trucks and everyone staring at the Jumbotron television screen--I looked up to see one of the World Trade Center towers on fire. I started to shake. I left my office a little while later with some work friends when someone came yelling down the hall that Times Square was next to be hit and we'd better evacuate now. We got to Sixth Avenue; instead of the elegant silver towers I was used to seeing two miles south from that spot, there was a gray-black cloud of dust making its way northward.
I will never forget the terror and uncertainty of that day: what it was like to be unable to reach my babysitter, who was with my twin three-year-olds somewhere in Central Park; the sound of F16s flying low and constantly over the city; how hours later, with my boys safely home, I kept replaying the movie Toy Story so I could go cry quietly somewhere in the apartment; or how eerily silent my usually busy cross-town street was at midnight, as I lay in bed, praying and alone, because my husband wasn't allowed back into Manhattan due to the island being "in lockdown." My story of that day cannot compare to the tragic and horrific accounts of so many thousands of others, yet I still feel the pain and terror of that day very freshly.
The next few days and weeks were a blur, but I remember the burnt electric-fire smell that pervaded the air for weeks, the handful of bomb and anthrax threats in and around my office building, and the charity effort that my colleagues and I put together to help feed some of the thousands working the "pile." We all marshaled our contacts and got food and supplies donated by chefs and food companies, and then took turns organizing, making food, and delivering it down to the site.
Sometime that first week, in the dark basement prep kitchen of Oceana restaurant, the sous chef, my husband, and I made over a hundred sandwiches for the relief efforts. I remember thinking how small a gesture it was and how helpless I felt, and also how close I felt to millions of people, all of whom now had this shared experience in one of the worst and most shocking days in our country's history. So, we three wordlessly made the sandwiches and wrapped our hearts and prayers up in them.
I and thousands of others who read this blog would like to hear your story of that day. Tell us.


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Over on Facebook, Matt Kaiser laughs about having used an emoticon for the very first time in an email. I laughed too when I saw this. Although I used to share Matt's apparent distaste for emoticons (they seemed so gimmicky and cute), it is only recently that I have begun to appreciate their value. We are only so good at conveying the proper tone in an email. Emoticons help to prevent all sorts of misunderstandings.
I have also gained a recent appreciation for the "like" button on Facebook. Scott Greenfield wrote an insightful post this morning over at Simple Justice. I felt the same way upon reading this post as I do whenever I read Henrik Hertzberg: It is exactly what I would have said had I been so intelligent, so able to parse through the complexities of the arguments, and so able to put it all in such a nuanced way. My immediate reaction was to post a comment, the net effect of which would have been to say "yes!" It is what I thought without realizing it.
But I know Scott Greenfield. I have been reading Simple Justice long enough to know that he abhors simple "me too" comments. He would have cussed me out for assuming that anyone would care what I thought unless I had something substantive to add to the discussion. This is the beauty of the "like" button on Facebook. A simple press of the button can signal your acknowledgement, your appreciation, without taking up any space with the blather. We have this need to signal our approval or disapproval with something we see on the Internet.
My father abhorred exclamation points. (He also hated adverbs and most adjectives too.) His idea was that you should be able to write with such precision as to render the exclamation point – and by extension, the emoticon –
completely unnecessary. To do otherwise, he would argue, would be intellectually lazy.
But having seen enough misunderstandings and hurt feelings and flame wars, I think that this is a poor accommodation to the world we live in. With things happening so quickly on email and on the Internet, we may not always have the time to craft our communications just so. In this case, I would rather cut a few corners than offend someone unnecessarily.


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A Look at MongoRepository for .NET
Most of the open source projects we share with you on InfoQ increase the capabilities of another library or technology. MongoRepository is different in that it intentionally limits the capabilities of the underlying library. We'll let Rob Janssen why it does this in his own words.
Batch Updates Solve Long-standing Issue with Core Data
Core Data batch updates, introduced in iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite, aim at fixing a long-standing limitation of the Core Data stack, as developers had been asking for many years. Let's review the problem that batch updates solve, how they work, and an alternative to them involving a rethinking of data normalization strategy.
Amazon Releases Official AWS Mobile SDK 2
After a few months spent in Developer Preview, the Amazon Web Services Mobile SDK version 2 is ready for general development. According to Amazon, the final release takes into account feedback received from developers during the preview in order to improve the SDK with some new features.
Hortonworks Announces Stinger.next Roadmap to Deliver Hadoop Scale SQL with Apache Hive
Following on from the Stinger initiative delivered in Apache Hive 0.13, Hortonworks has laid out the Stinger.next roadmap to provide fully ACID transactions, a sub-second query engine, and more complete SQL 2011 analytics support, all driving towards the goal of "enhancing the speed, scale and breadth of SQL support" in Hive.
Basho Announces Major Upgrade to Riak
Basho, the creator and developer of Riak, a highly available, distributed, NoSQL database, has announced the release of Riak 2.0. This new version, over a year in the making, contains a number of significant updates including a redesigned search implementation, new distributed data types, optional strong consistency guarantees, security features, and a number of other improvements.
InfoQ User Survey 2014 - Participate and Get a Copy of the Results; Win a QCon Early Access Pass
InfoQ would like to better understand your information needs: the type of content you find interesting, tools & methodologies you are using, and how you interact with the site. Please help us by taking our 2014 user survey - the survey is anonymous and your replies will be kept confidential. Participate to receive a copy of the results along with a chance to win a QCon video early access pass.
FoundationDB SQL Layer: Storing SQL Data in a NoSQL Database
FoundationDB has announced the general availability of SQL Layer, and ANSI SQL engine that runs on top of their key-value store. The result is a relational database backed up by a scalable, fault-tolerant, shared-nothing, distributed NoSQL store with support for multi-key ACID transactions.
MongoDB makes Further Inroads into the Cloud
MongoDB announced services with enterprise capabilities for Microsoft Azure and Google Compute Engine platforms at the MongoDB world conference.
CockroachDB: A Scalable, Geo-Replicated, Transactional Datastore
The team behind CockroachDB, an open source datastore project, has recently announced its initial alpha version. Inspired by Google's Spanner project, CockroachDB aims to address the current lack of an open source, scalable, geo-replicated, ACID compliant database.
Microsoft Introduces NoSQL Document Database for Microsoft Azure
Microsoft may be synonymous with relational databases thanks to their flagship SQL Server product, but a new NoSQL offering looks to change that. Last week, Microsoft announced the preview of DocumentDB, a cloud-hosted managed document database with deep JavaScript support and features like automatic indexing and transactions.
Flickr Chooses Sentinel for Highly Available Redis
Flickr recently announced that they have deployed Sentinel to provide automated Redis failover in their offline task processing subsystem despite worries about its consistency.
Tokutek Announces New Consensus Algorithm for MongoDB
Tokutek has announced work on a new consensus algorithm with the goal of replacing the existing leader election algorithm in MongoDB. Ark, as the algorithm is named, is being developed for use in TokuMX, Tokutek's fork of MongoDB, and addresses a number of issues with the existing MongoDB algorithm.
ElasticSearch Gets Better Aggregation, Adds Groovy for Scripting
ElasticSearch 1.3.0 has been released. Based on Lucene 4.9, it comes with better aggregation features, some security and scripting improvements, several index performance improvements and more.
Oracle Database Gets In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (126.96.36.199) is now available and includes the much anticipated "In-memory" feature, along with several other improvements.
Cayley: A Graph Engine Inspired by Google's Knowledge Graph
Barak Michener, a Software Engineer working for the Google Knowledge Team, has open sourced a personal project called Cayley, a graph database inspired by Freebase and the Google Knowledge Graph, the later powering Google's search engine. Freebase is a collection of free structured data, currently at ~2.7B facts and counting, and an API for querying this data.
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Dropbox Drops Sync and Datastore APIs, Move Your App to Open Source Sync. Dropbox recently announced that they are deprecating their Sync and Datastore APIs to focus instead on their Core API. While we can certainly understand the imperative to focus, that doesn't change the position many of the developers that rely on these APIs find themselves in ...
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Why MySQL 5.6 is no real threat to NoSQL. Over the past couple of days a number of people have asked my opinion of the latest MySQL 5.6 ...
How to Move from MySQL to Couchbase Server 2.0: Part 1. If you have a database built using MySQL, you might be wondering if, and more importantly how ...
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