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TRAVEL: The Amazon's just amazing
Posted: October 12, 2013|
Tempted by South America, but don't know where to begin? For first-time visitors to the continent, Peru brings all the best bits together in one place, writes James Kay
PERU is a tasting menu for South America. The key ingredients include a lost civilisation, a pristine tract of Amazonia, and a spine of mighty mountains, the Andes.
Add to these Nat Geo-worthy crowd-pleasers, a cuisine that has fast become a darling of jet-setting foodies, a colourful culture, and a palatable capital, and you have something to savour.
Unlike some of its vast neighbours, Peru crams all this diversity into an area small enough to sample (if not do justice to) in a fortnight, making it the ideal entrée to this part of the world.
We didn't start our trip at Machu Picchu, but it's difficult to write about Peru anywhere else but the world's most famous ruin.
The lost city of the Incas is one of those rare places that over-delivers on the promise of all the brochures and documentaries.The 15th-century site built atop a mountain is even more dizzying in real life, with or without altitude sickness.
Yes, it's overrun with visitors – between 2,500 and 3,500 a day, depending on who you believe – but that doesn't dispel the magic.
Machu Picchu is unmissable; a blockbuster in the same category as the Pyramids, the Grand Canyon, and so on.
Having a knowledgeable guide enriches the experience no end. That's exactly what we had in our man from Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel, where we stayed in nearby Aguas Calientes, the town at the foot of the mountain.
The hotel itself is something of a marvel too, with whitewashed Andean casitas, or cottages, spread out amid 12 acres of orchid-strewn cloud forest.
Its creators – José and Denise Koechlin – are pioneers of eco-tourism in Peru.
We wandered the grounds agog as hummingbirds sipped sugared water from feeders a few feet away, and tropical butterflies fluttered inches from our faces.
Besides tours of Machu Picchu, the guides shepherd walkers along part of the famous Inca Trail, and lead lesser-known but spectacular hikes in the encircling mountains.
Guests can also follow nature trails criss-crossing the property, learn how to make organic tea at the hotel's plantation, or visit the on-site bear sanctuary, where staff help to rehabilitate Andean Spectacled Bears for release back into the wild.
It's a special place, but then so are the other outposts of the Inkaterra empire.
Before going up to Machu Picchu, we had spent a few days at the company's lodges in the Amazon, Hacienda Concepcion and Reserva Amazonica.
To get there you catch a boat from the jungle town of Puerto Maldonado down the Madre de Dios River, a distant tributary of the Amazon.
It's a wide, muddy river with steep banks sloping up to walls of emerald rainforest, exactly the sort of backdrop to satisfy your inner Indiana Jones.
Indy never had anywhere this chic to stay, though. Both lodges have palm-thatched cabanas dotted around a central pavilion where guests congregate for meals.
Amazonica is more swish than Concepcion, but they're both improbably lovely for somewhere this deep in the jungle, which guests explore on wildlife-focused tours.
Our dugout canoe trip in search of giant river otters didn't end in a sighting, sadly. But we saw a troop of red howler monkeys, a pair of loved-up blue and yellow macaws, and a sly black caiman waiting for his lunch to arrive.
You'll see more of those on a twilight boat trip, and after dark is also the time to reach for a torch, point it at the nearest tree, and discover just how many tarantulas live in the immediate vicinity, should you wish to know.
The essential excursion is a trip to Inkaterra's private reserve, the site of reputedly Amazonia's best canopy walkway. This seven-bridge extravaganza, 30 metres above the ground, is the place to spot toucans, monkeys, sloths, and other canopy dwellers.
The last leg of our trip involved a stay in Cusco, one-time capital of the Inca empire. It's a tourist hotspot, a base from which to explore the Sacred Valley, and a staging post for travellers on their way to Machu Picchu.
Success hasn't cost its soul, though – Cusco has a great atmosphere, fascinating Andean baroque architecture and some surviving traces of Inca buildings, not to mention an abundance of museums focusing on the area's pre-Columbian heritage.
There is a huge choice of places to stay and eat, plus lots of nightlife. The San Blas area is the best bet for that, and also the place to score some souvenirs.
We stayed near the centro historico at La Casona, another Inkaterra outfit. Hidden behind a chunky wooden door on Plaza Las Nazarenas, this restored 16th-century mansion was once the home of a conquistador. No doubt he'd have approved of the refit.
Eleven classy suites surround an elegant courtyard; downstairs, the public spaces are full of Peruvian antiques, ceramics and art. To reach Cusco (or any of the country's other highlights), you'll fly into Lima, the capital.
Permanently shrouded in sea fog, the city's concrete sprawl is not immediately appealing. But appearances can be misleading, and Lima is worth a few days' exploration.
UNESCO listed the centre for its colonial core, but the most engrossing areas are arguably Barranco and adjacent Miraflores.
These districts contain countless restaurants, bars, cafes, and galleries to keep visitors happy, and – for a city clogged with cars – they're eminently walkable too.
Boho Barranco is the choice for people-watching over a coffee, clubbing, and dipping into galleries, with MATE – a permanent exhibition of work by renowned photographer and hometown boy Mario Testino.
Leafy Miraflores is best for dinner. This is where you'll find Astrid & Gastón, recently named one of the world's 50 best restaurants, and many other upmarket eateries. Alternatively, just shop around for some fresh-from-the-Pacific ceviche, a signature dish of sliced raw fish marinated in lemon or lime juice.
One thing's for sure: Peru will leave you with an appetite for more.
Journey Latin America (0208 747 8315, www.journeylatinamerica.co.uk) offers an eight-day trip to Peru with Inkaterra, including stays at Hacienda Concepcion, Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel and La Casona. Prices start from £2,556 per person, based on two people sharing. The price includes international flights from the UK, domestic flights, transfers, most meals and excursions.


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subset: commoncrawl


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"reformed prostitute," 1690s, so called for Mary Magdalene, disciple of Christ (Luke viii:2), who often is identified with the penitent woman in Luke vii:37-50. See Magdalene.
fem. proper name, from Latin (Maria) Magdalena, from Greek Magdalene, literally "woman of Magdala," from Aramaic Maghdela, place on the Sea of Galilee, literally "tower." The vernacular form of the name, via French, has come to English as maudlin.
a surname derived from Magdala, the place of her nativity, given to one of the Marys of the Gospels to distinguish her from the other Marys (Matt. 27:56, 61; 28:1, etc.). A mistaken notion has prevailed that this Mary was a woman of bad character, that she was the woman who is emphatically called "a sinner" (Luke 7:36-50). (See MARY.)


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It's not quite the unreleased music the group has been promising, but Queen has a major piece from its vaults coming on September 9. "Queen: Live at the Rainbow '74" captures a performance on March 31, 1974 that was recorded for a live album ultimately scrapped when the group finished its third album, "Sheer Heart Attack," in time for release later that year. The "Rainbow" set will be released in several audio and video formats, including deluxe box sets and some that include a second show from November of that year during the "Sheer Heart Attack" tour. Fifteen of the 17 March songs have never been released in any format before, while portions of the November convert were seen on the now out-of-print 1992 video "Box of Tricks." The announcement comes as Queen + Adam Lambert is preparing to kick off its North American tour on Thursday (June 19) in Chicago.
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Book Search
Promoting Party Politics in Emerging Democracies
This book offers a critical and comparative examination of international support to political parties and party systems in emerging and prospective new democracies in several world regions. It combines the insights of a strong international grouping of leading academics and pioneering doctoral...
Published May 31st 2013 by Routledge
International Politics and National Political Regimes
Promoting Democracy – Promoting Autocracy
There is much speculation about whether democracy is still advancing around the world and the influence that leading authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes such as Russia are starting to have on the trends. This collection assesses global trends in democratisation, reviews the condition of...
Published December 5th 2011 by Routledge
New Challenges to Democratization
Series: Democratization Studies
This important text explores the widespread contention that new challenges and obstacles have arisen to democratization, assessing the claim that support for democratization around the world is facing a serious challenge. Bringing together leading international scholars of democratization,...
Published November 16th 2009 by Routledge
Globalising Democracy
Party Politics in Emerging Democracies
Series: Warwick Studies in Globalisation
This volume brings together expert contributors to explore the intersection of two major contemporary themes: globalization, and the contribution that both domestic party politics and international party support make to democratization. Globalising Democracy clearly shows what globalization means...
Published October 26th 2006 by Routledge
Civil Society in Democratization
Series: Democratization Studies
This title brings together competing theories of civil society with critical studies of the role of civil society in diverse situations and the way in which it has been promoted as the key to democratization. The combination of contemporary theory and practical applications provides valuable...
Published February 26th 2004 by Routledge
Democracy Assistance
International Co-operation for Democratization
Series: Democratization Studies
This examination of how Western governments support democracy worldwide considers how countries use this aid. Attention is paid to post-conflict situations and semi-authoritarian regimes where democratization has stalled, and international support of democratic decentralization is assessed....
Published November 29th 2000 by Routledge
The Resilience of Democracy
Persistent Practice, Durable Idea
Series: Democratization Studies
This volume brings together studies of the small number of previously established states that have retained and/or restored democracy despite - in many cases - formidable economic, social or political challenges. It seeks to establish common themes, whether or not they appear to fit a grand casual...
Published April 29th 1999 by Routledge


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Hi:) my names blank and i love to read and write:D
i can be very anitsocial..and shy... but mostly antisocial..
Music is practically my life so when im out and about ill have my ipod on me.
Here are some songs i listen to while i write:
Stand my ground->Within Temptation
CrushCrushCrush-> Paramore
25 to Life-> Eminem
Without Me-> Eminem
Slipped Away-> Avril Lavigne
Every Time We Touch-> Cascada
How You Remind Me-> NickelBack
Not Afraid-> Eminem
Cinderella Man-> Eminem
The howling-> Within Temptation
EveryBodys Fool-> Evanscence
Tonight im loving you-> Enrique iglwaias ft. Luda cris
Misery business-> Paramore
Glamorous-> Fergie
E.t.-> Katy Perry
The Hate In Me-> GodHead
21 Guns-> GreenDay
Wish You Were Here-> Hey Monday
Hangover-> Hey Monday
Down On Me-> Jeremih
My Love-> Justin Timberlake
Crazy Possessive-> Kaci Battaglia
Tik Tok-> Ke$ha
Already Gone-> Kelly Clarkson
Pretty Girl Rock-> Keri Hilson
Broken-> Life House
Space Bound-> Eminem
Drop the World-> Lil' Wayne ft. Eminem
Lollipop-> Lil' Wayne
In the End-> Linkin Park
Numb-> Linkin Park
What Ive Done-> Linkin Park
Still Alive-> Lisa Miskovsky
Fish out of water-> Mudvayne
SoulMate-> Natasha bedingfield
All Good Things Come To An End-> Nelly Furtado ft. Cold Play
Romans Revenge-> Nicki Minaj ft. Eminem
Go Hard-> Nicki Minaj ft. Lil' Wayne
Sober-> P!nk
Fuckin Perfect-> P!nk
Teenage Dream-> Katy Perry
FunHouse-> P!nk
Love the way you lie-> Eminem ft. Rihanna
Lose yourself-> Eminem
Beautifull-> Eminem
The Only Exception-> Paramore
Emergency-> Paramore
Your Gaurdian Angel-> The Red JumpSuit Apparatus
Running Up ThAT hill-> Placebo
Wont Back Down-> Eminem Ft. P!nk
Lighters->Ft Bruno Mars Eminem and Royce Da 5'9
dean: "Cass get out of my ass!"
Castiel: "I was never in your....."
*Awkward moment*
Sam: "Are you drunk?"
Castiel: "No........Yes."
Castiel: "I- I dont understand why do you want me to say my name? Beep boop beep boop"
Ahhh, i love dean, cass, and sam they my fav
Location:Romeoville, Illinois
Joined:4 years ago
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Her fallen angel roommate.Mature
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Santa Clarita Valley Special Education Local Plan Area, or SELPA, officials are encouraging parents with children who may have special needs to contact their local school district office. Don't miss a thing. Get breaking Santa Clarita news alerts delivered right to your inbox. "SELPA is a support system for neighboring districts to provide special education services," said Tracy Peyton-Perry, director of ...Read More »
School Districts
County Puts 2 More Charter School Approvals By AADUSD On Hold
Los Angeles County education officials put two more charter school approvals from the Acton Agua Dulce Unified School District on hold recently, in light of continued concerns about the district's finances. A letter sent June 12 to school board President Mark Distaso was the second in a month, which sought to hold off on additional charter school petition approvals until the district's budget and planned approvals can be reviewed by a Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team. "As with our stay of five board actions taken on May 22, 2014, and communicated to you in a letter dated May 30, 2014, (attached), we believe there is a high probability that these Board actions may be inconsistent with the fiscal recovery of the district," the letter states.Read More »
School Administrators, Teachers Union Split On Budget Reserve Bill
Santa Clarita Valley school district officials said Friday lawmakers were attaching an "irresponsible" bill to California's proposed budget by suggesting districts have a limit on their financial reserves. Proponents of the bill say it's needed to make sure Proposition 30 funds are directed into the classroom. Administrators say the state is usurping local control. The state's Legislature is expected to vote Sunday, the constitutional deadline to pass a budget.Read More »
SCV Education Foundation To Award Student Enrichment Grants
The Santa Clarita Valley Education Foundation will award 14 Student Enrichment Awards on Thursday, to teachers from across the valley's school districts. The grants will be used to purchase educational tools.Read More »
State Funds Local School Districts To Implement Common Core Standards
Three years after the state Department of Education adopted the Common Core State Standards, school districts are receiving $622 million to begin implementing the standards. CCSS are designed to create a deeper learning and critical thinking experience.Read More »
Voting Rights Expert Looks At Conditions For A CVRA Violation
A voting rights expert who is been involved as an expert witness in dozens of lawsuits of the California Voting Rights Act said such cases usually come down to two things and there are few remedies outside of districting. Don't miss a thing. Get breaking Santa Clarita news alerts delivered right to your inbox. "If you can prove that the ...Read More »
Legislation Could Take Aim At California Voting Rights Act
Assemblyman Scott Wilk, R-Santa Clarita, said there's legislation in the works that could take aim at the California Voting Rights Act lawsuitRead More »
Voting Rights Lawsuits Against School Districts Could Cost Millions
Lawsuits facing two local school districts and the city of Santa Clarita over alleged violations of the California Voting Rights Act could cost local taxpayers millions of dollarsRead More »
Report Cites 'Some Vulnerability' To Voting Rights Act Lawsuit
A demographer's report cites a potential "vulnerability" for Santa Clarita Valley school districtsRead More »
Charter School Law Leaves SCV Districts In Limbo
Santa Clarita Valley educators cite problem with Einstein Academy's recent charter school petition and state lawRead More »


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1941 Willys Coupe finished in black metallic paint with custom pin striping in blue and silver and matched with a gray interior. Powered by... More
Up for sale in our Houston showroom is one of the cleanest best looking street rods you will ever see the 1941 Willys Coupe.... More
1948 Willys Sportabout ConvertibleMajor Award Winner !!!!! best to be found over the top restoration.Over $68K Spent on Frame-Off Restoration that is second to... More
Heart Stopping, Adrenalin Pumping, Custom Blown Willy's Coupe. One of the best if not the best in the country... More
Up for sale in the Houston showroom is one gorgeous street rod the 1941 Willys Coupe. The Willys Americar for sale was a line... More
350 V-8 TURBO 400 TRANSMISSION (CHEVY) NISSAN STEERING COLUMN AND POWER STEERING NEW POWER BRAKES 16 INCH TIRES AND WHEELS 225/75 R16 AND SPARE... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this radical 1941 Willys Coupe for purchase. This is a custom built fiberglass body Willys with a... More
For sale in our St. Louis showroom is a 1964 Willys Jeep Wagoneer that is far from stock. Countless hours have been poured into... More
This 1941 Willys Americar 2dr A-Gasser Coupe features a 354c.i. Hemi 8cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a Automatic transmission. The vehicle is... More
1952 Willys Aero Coupe350 cui with Edelbrock carburetor / intake. 3 Speed Automatic transmission. Painted Tangerine Bronze. Tan / Bronze twead and vinyl bench... More
1952 Willys Aero Custom Yellow paint with silver accents. Custom Gray leather interior with buckets and custom console. Morrison Chassis with Mustang II type... More
This 1946 Jeep Willys CJ-2A 4x4 Convertible features a 4-Cylinder cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a 3 Speed Manual transmission. The vehicle... More
1941 Willys Coupe for sale in our Chicago Showroom. This iconic pre-war 1941 Willys is powered by 5.3L fuel injected Vortec V8 backed... More
A lot of folks think they own ''show cars'' because they're really nice, but anything parked next to this amazing 1941 Willys coupe is... More
Willys 1941 coupe, all orig steel, no rust, restored early in 90s, sbc, turbo trans, has a/c & tilt column, rack & pinion steering... More


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They finally got the iPhone. This should be interesting. Hopefully they will offer a great plan and 4G service.
T-Mobile USA rumored to be announcing the iPhone today
T-Mobile USA is rumored to be getting the iPhone today. The last of big four networks in the US without the iPhone, T-Mobile has an event scheduled for later today -- called Uncarrier -- and that's where the announcement 6 years in the making is supposed to take place. Roger Cheng from CNET reports:
The iPhone is critical to T-Mobile's plans to remake itself as the "different" carrier. It will be the marquee product illustrating its new no-contract, no-subsidy rules, where a customer pays a small fee upfront and pays a monthly charge on top of the service plan to cover the phone costs.
T-Mobile previously deployed their faster 3G/HSPA data speeds on what's known as AWS, a range of frequencies different than those of AT&T, and not supported by Apple and the iPhone. T-Mobile has been adding non-AWS HSPA support in many markets over the last couple of years. T-Mobile has also been trailing the other networks when it comes to 4G/LTE data speeds, with support for that only beginning this year.
The iPhone's popularity means Apple can charge the carriers a premium price for it, making it a potentially lucrative but an immediately expensive proposition for carriers. The original iPhone launched on AT&T in June 2007. The iPhone 4 launched on Verizon in January 2011. The iPhone 4S launched on Sprint in October 2011.
If this rumor pans out, the iPhone 5 will launch on T-Mobile USA sometime in the spring of 2013. Anyone planning on switching?
Source: CNET
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
T-Mobile USA rumored to be announcing the iPhone today
Finally...right. Well I think Tmobile will get better but I have no intention of switching even if it is cheaper. I know people that have Tmobile and they have trouble getting texts and data coverage so to me it's not worth switching. I have Verizon and realize I pay a premium for their reliability, coverage and speed. I will stay with them for at least the foreseeable future.
"The iPhone is critical to T-Mobile's plans to remake itself as the "different" carrier. It will be the marquee product illustrating its new no-contract, no-subsidy rules, where a customer pays a small fee upfront and pays a monthly charge on top of the service plan to cover the phone costs."
.....isn't that EXACTLY what a subsidy is?
I suppose, for those who stay with a phone longer than their two-year cycle, yeah. But I am, and I would venture to say quite a bit of wireless customers are, in the habit of renewing as soon as the two-year contract is up. And yes, even if I wasn't to upgrade every two-years, T-Mobile's coverage a shotty at best, and isn't enough to persuade me to jump from Verizon (and I live in the Seattle area, where the T-Mobile USA headquarters are at)!
Pretty great of T-Mobile to snag the iPhone, even if it took them over six years to get it. Also definitely interested to find out how well people will flock to it considering they are going to let people pay it off in monthly installment plans.
Is it? That's awesome. When I was on TMo, I didn't have many issues with them other than their phone selection, but this year they have the GS3 and hopefully the GS4, the Blackberry Z10 and now the iPhone, as long as they have a nice Windows Phone they're doing great. They just need to build up their LTE market and they will be a pretty major contender again. What with truly unlimited iPhones and all.
Plain and simply t-mobile's frequencies and coverage are not adequate for me. Even with HSPA at 1900 it doesn't provide the same indoor coverage like Verizon. I won't be switching. But their prices make it almost impossible not to even consider it.
While their finally getting the iPhone, it's simply to lure people over with their cheap plans. Their coverage is simply subpar and that is the only reason their plans are so low. While their coverage will improve over time, it is absolutely horrible at this time and not worth buying. T-Mobile is slowly but surely becoming a player in this market, but right now they are still in 4th place.
Yeah right! I'm not sure what we entice me to switch to t-mobile, but here is a start.
Data plan 25GB for 50.00
Unlimited calls and text 25.00
now it will work on mobilicity and wind's network in canada yeah


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HAROLD HOLZER is one of the country's leading authorities on Abraham Lincoln and the political culture of the Civil War era. A prolific writer and lecturer, and frequent guest on television, Holzer serves as chairman of The Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation, successor organization to the United States Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (ALBC), to which he was appointed by President Clinton in 2000, and co-chaired from 2001–2010. President Bush, in turn, awarded Holzer the National Humanities Medal in 2008. bio continues here...
Special Announcement:
Harold is on Twitter! Follow Harold for insights on Lincoln, updates on appearances, and general musings and behind-the-scenes photos.
History in Five: Abraham Lincoln and the Press
Harold Holzer joins curator Dr. Kim Orcutt in this video overview of some of the notable sculpted depictions of wartime life and history by John Rogers (1829–1904). On view now through February 18, 2013 at the New-York Historical Society, John Rogers: American Stories is the first full retrospective of America's most popular sculptor.
Upcoming Personal Appearances
|haroldholzer.com | Site design by www.12edesign.com
|For the 150th anniversary, Harold Holzer presents an unprecedented firsthand chronicle of one of the most pivotal moments in American history. On April 14, 1865, Good Friday, the Civil War claimed its ultimate sacrifice. President Lincoln Assassinated!! recaptures the dramatic immediacy of Lincoln's assassination, the hunt for the conspirators and their military trial, and the nation's mourning for the martyred president. The fateful story is told in more than eighty original documents—eyewitness reports, medical records, trial transcripts, newspaper articles, speeches, letters, diary entries, and poems—by more than seventy-five participants and observers, including the assassin John Wilkes Booth and Boston Corbett, the soldier who shot him.
|Exploring Lincoln: Great Historians Reappraise Our Greatest President
Edited by Harold Holzer, Craig Symonds, Frank J. Williams
|Ubiquitous and enigmatic, the historical Lincoln, the literary Lincoln, even the cinematic Lincoln have all proved both fascinating and irresistible. Though some 16,000 books have been written about him, there is always more to say, new aspects of his life to consider, new facets of his persona to explore. Enlightening and entertaining, Exploring Lincoln offers a selection of sixteen papers presented at the Lincoln Forum symposia over the past three years.
|Lincoln and the Power of the Press: The War for Public Opinion
Harold Holzer
|Holzer shows us an activist Lincoln through journalists who covered him from his start through to the night of his assassination—when one reporter ran to the box where Lincoln was shot and emerged to write the story covered with blood. In a wholly original way, Holzer shows us politicized newspaper editors battling for power, and a masterly president using the press to speak directly to the people and shape the nation.
The Civil War in 50 Objects
Harold Holzer
|Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer sheds new light on the war by examining fifty objects from the New-York Historical Society's acclaimed collection. A daguerreotype of an elderly, dignified ex-slave, whose unblinking stare still mesmerizes; a soldier's footlocker still packed with its contents; Grant's handwritten terms of surrender at Appomattox–the stories these objects tell are rich, poignant, sometimes painful, and always fascinating. They illuminate the conflict from all perspectives–Union and Confederate, military and civilian, black and white, male and female–and give readers a deeply human sense of the war.
|Lincoln: How Abraham Lincoln Ended Slavery in America
Harold Holzer
|A new book—and companion to the Steven Spielberg film—tracing how Abraham Lincoln came to view slavery... and came to end it. Steven Spielberg focused his movie Lincoln on the sixteenth president's tumultuous final months in office, when he pursued a course of action to end the Civil War, reunite the country, and abolish slavery. Invited by the filmmakers to write a special Lincoln book as a companion to the film, Harold Holzer, the distinguished historian and a consultant on the movie, now gives us a fast-paced, exciting new book on Lincoln's life and times, his evolving beliefs about slavery, and how he maneuvered to end it.


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News & Public Affairs
Montana's alternative food movement, a NOVA documentary on sinkholes, and a film about the child welfare system on today's Radioactivity01/27/15 Rob Lorei
Radioactivity: Live Call-In (Tuesday) Listen to this entire show:
Tags: Liz Carlisle, Lentil Underground, farming, industrial agriculture, PBS NOVA, sinkholes, Byron Anderson, Tampa Theater, Tough Love, children, welfare system, Yvonne Marrone, Robin Rosenberg
We interview Liz Carlisle, fellow at UC Berkeley's Center for Diversified Farming Systems and author of * The Lentil Underground*.A book Carlisle calls a "long form country song" for a growing food movement based out of Montana and centered around farming legumes,the lentil underground seeks to break free from industrial agricultural practices such as monoculture farming and heavy pesticide and fertilizer use.
Tomorrow night, PBS will be airing a NOVA episode on the growing prevalence of ...Be the first to comment
Franken Farms Labs labels cans as activism to draw awareness to March Against Monsanto and GMOs listen05/22/13 Seán Kinane
WMNF Drive-Time News Wednesday Listen to this entire show:
This Saturday there will be coordinated protests across the country and around the world opposing genetically modified foods and the company Monsanto.
There are even March Against Monsanto rallies planned in Tampa and St. Petersburg.
In the meantime some activists have printed food label...3 comments
Vegetable gardening & ants03/04/13 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
Our first guest was with the Insect Research Program with the University of Central Florida. Dr. Joshua King is an entomologist that specializes in ant research. Our conversation was about fire ants and possible controls of these pests in the backyard vegetable garden. Hot water, baits and mound treatments were some of Joshâs recommendations, but he was pretty clear that grits donât work.
The remainder of the program we spent talking with two women involved locally with growing vege...Be the first to comment
WNMF wins Water Wise award02/04/13 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
On todayâs WMNF 88.5 FM Sustainable Living program we started with a short interview about the upcoming (February 9th) Urban Small to Large Farm Conference that takes place at the Pinellas County Extension Service, on 12520 Ulmerton Rd in Largo. Robert Kluson, the Sarasota Vegetable Extension Agent, filled us in on the details. He'll be teaching Chickens 101 at Saturday's conference. We spent the remainder of the show talking with a couple of WMNF volunteers, Paul & Gail Carroll that were i...Be the first to comment
Health & pasture based farms01/07/13 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
To start todayâs program we had the director of the Sumter County UF IFAS Extension Service Susan Kelly. She also the Coordinator for this yearâs AGRItunity Small farms Conference in Bushnell (a little North of Tampa off I-75). This very affordable 1 day conference and has over 20 different classes to pick from. Itâs coming up Saturday January 26. http://www.sumter.ifas.ufl.edu or 352-793-2728.
Next up we had the co-founder of the Weston A. Price...1 comments
Local farmers featured at 2012 Small Farm Conference07/09/12 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
We started todayâs Sustainable Living Program with Susan Kelly, the publicity chair for this yearâs Florida Small Farms & Alternative Enterprises Conference July 27 to July 29th in Kissimmee. Also joining us was one of the Innovative Farms Award winners for this year, Pam Sindlinger. She and her husband Hank are owners of Gateway Organic Farm a CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) in Pinellas County. Gateway is one of the two organic farms in our ar...Be the first to comment
Urban farming05/28/12 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
We missed a chance to interview Will Allen on the Sustainable Living Program last month so we started todayâs program with a short clip from the Growing Power website www.growingpower.org. The former Basketball player started Growing Power, a national urban farming network, in Milwaukee years ago and now it has expanded across the USA to provide food for inner-city neighborhoods. It seems someone in the Tampa Bay area needs to duplicate what Will has started....Be the first to comment
Students in south St. Pete learn about healthy eating while growing their own food listen05/09/12 Seán Kinane
WMNF Drive-Time News Wednesday Listen to this entire show:
Students at two south St. Petersburg schools are learning about healthy eating by growing their own food. Organizers hope the knowledge the kids get will help them continue to make smart food choices as they grow up.
An organization called The Edible Peace Patch has helped to create gardens at Lakewood Elementary and Sanderlin IB World School in areas of south St. Petersburg facing economic challenges. The gardens manager, Erin Mattick, says students donât normally get a chance to grow t...Be the first to comment
Farmer Joel Salatin visits the Tampa Bay area04/02/12 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
On todayâs program we were joined by who might be the most famous farmer on the planet today, Joel Salatin, with Polyface Farm located in the Shenandoah region of Virginia. Joel is an author of several books, including his latest âFolks This Ainât Normalâ; heâs been featured in several of Michael Pollen's books, also in the films âFood Incâ and âFarmaggedonâ. Joel describes himself as a âChristian, conservative, libertarian, environmentalist, lunatic farmer.â Polyface ...5 comments
Tips on growing backyard fruits in Florida08/22/11 Jon Butts
Sustainable Living and Alternative Health Listen to this entire show:
Our guests were Paul Zomoda a member of the Tampa Rare Fruit Council and Debbie Butts Co-Producer of the SL Program. We talked about a variety of issues concerning backyard fruit trees, vines, bushes, etc. With the recent freeze we talk about cold-tolerant fruiting plants, and some that might require more cold temps than we have in our area. Paul talked about his present passion growing grapes and wine making. The guests cover where to find more information and books on the topic. Visit the R...Be the first to comment
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"I have so much admiration for GM's Corvette program and the men and women who put it together. The GTM is lucky to be able to use the Corvette as the substrate for its design work, because the Vette is pound-for-pound on par or better than any exotic supercar on the planet. Like the Corvette, our GTM is appropriately seen as a testament to the great cars and engineering that are being made in America today."
For more information on the GTM and a free DVD, go to www.factoryfive.com or call (508) 291-3443.


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Book Search
Women and British Party Politics
Descriptive, Substantive and Symbolic Representation
Series: Routledge Advances in European Politics
Women and British Party Politics examines the characteristics of women's participation at the mass and elite level in contemporary British politics; as voters, party members and elected representatives respectively. It explores what this means for ideas about, and the practice of, descriptive,...
Published June 4th 2010 by Routledge
New Labour's Women MPs
Women Representing Women
It was not long after the election of a record number of women to the House of Commons in 1997 that the backlash began. The criticism was all-encompassing: they wore the wrong clothes, they voted the wrong way and they were concerned with the wrong issues. Above all, they were accused of failing to...
Published May 27th 2004 by Routledge


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Riyadh Airport Car Rental
|King Khaled Int. Airport
|. Riyadh SA +966-1-2197171
|GDS - Code:
|Mo. - Su.
|00:00 - 24:00
|Bank holiday
|00:00 - 24:00
|24 h pickup
Welcome to Riyadh Airport Sixt rent a car
Car Hire in Riyadh Airport, Saudi Arabia
Sixt car rental in Riyadh Airport provide a cheap car hire service, where you can rent a car as soon as you arrive in Riyadh. Sixt offer a competitive price comparison, from an off-road 4x4 to an economical city car, we have the vehicle to suit your car rental needs. With the ability to book online, and add extras to your booking such as unlimited mileage, a GPS navigation system, and fully comprehensive car insurance, you can now rent a car in just a few clicks. Sixt will ensure that your car rental is safe and reliable, giving you complete peace of mind during your vacation in Riyadh.
About Riyadh Airport
Riyadh Airport (RUH), also known as King Khalid International Airport, is located 35 kilometers north of Riyadh. It has three active terminals, accepting flights from all over the world. When you rent a car from Riyadh Airport, Sixt can Meet and Greet you, ensuring that your car rental is waiting for you on your arrival in Riyadh. Simply provide us with your flight details when you are arranging your car rental, and we will handle the rest.
Things to do in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Once you rent a car in Riyadh, you can travel the area at your own pace. Take your car rental to the awe inspiring National Museum where you can learn about Saudi Arabia's cultural past. Afterwards, you can take a drive to the Riyadh Zoo, or climb to the top of the Kingdom Centre Tower and marvel at the magnificent views of the city. Your car rental will allow you to enjoy all of this and more.
( Branch Manager )
Location details
Opening Hours
|Mo. - Su.
|00:00 - 24:00
|Bank holiday
|00:00 - 24:00
Contacts / Lost & Found
SIXT # Riyadh Airport RUH
|King Khaled Int. Airport
|. Riyadh
|Phone no.
Location plan - how to find us
Please note that there is no Sixt branch at the airport, we are offering a Meet & Greet Service. Sixt staff will welcome you in the arrival hall with a Sixt sign. Please provide flight number, your address and credit card details, e-mail address and mobile number.
Outside open hours - pick-up & return
Pick-up out of opening hours is possible for an additional charge. Please provide credit card details, e-mail address, flight and mobile number.Out of hour return possible.
Return out of opening hours is possible for an additional charge. This service is bookable on request. Please provide e-mail address and mobile number.
Categories and services at this location
- Compact Cars & Sedans
- Sports cars & convertibles
- 4x4 / SUV
- 24 h pickup
- Other Sixt countries: Germany Switzerland Austria UK France Spain Netherlands Denmark


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Influence is not accidental. It is earned. In, But Not Of charts the course to acquiring influence over the life of a career, while remaining committed to the commands and example of Christ. Broadcast journalist and law professor Hugh Hewitt not only challenges us to become more engaged in steering the course of history through politics, law, finance, and entertainment, but he also maps out simple, effective strategies that will enable us to bring our visions of influence to pass.
Along with Hugh's simple and helpful advice, the study guide at the end focuses on key selections and questions to help the reader, whether in group or individual sessions, internalize these valuable principles and make a difference in the world. Divided into sections including "Think about It", "Find Out More", and "Take Action", this guide will serve as a quick reference for years to come.
©2012 Hugh Hewitt (P)2012 Brilliance Audio, Inc.
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When: Monday, March 04, 2013 4:00 PM - 5:30 PM
Where: Marie Mount : Maryland
Event Type(s): Diversity
In partnership with the Graduate School and the Office of Inclusion and Diversity we will pilot five inclusion and diversity workshops during the Spring 2013, semester. Each workshop is limited to 25 individuals. The first workshop: Why White Privilege matters is March 4, 2013.
Participants who participate in at least four of the five workshops including providing a reflection on a short assigned reading prior to the workshop will receive a letter/certificate of completion signed by the Graduate School and CTE.
Website: http://cte.umd.edu/Resource/RSVP/03042013/index.html
For more information, contact:
Spencer Benson
Center for Teaching Excellence


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Luanda — The Angolan Head of State, José Eduardo dos Santos, returned home last Saturday evening to Luanda, after carrying out official visits to France and the Vatican, aimed at strengthening bilateral co-operation.
The Angolan statesman, who left the plane at about 06.00 pm, was welcomed back, at the airport, by the Vice President of the Republic, Manuel Domingos Vicente, and by other presidential aides and staffs.
In Paris, José Eduardo dos Santos held meetings with his French counterpart, François Holland, as well as with entrepreneurs and members of the diplomatic body of African countries accredited in that European country.
While there, the Angolan Head of State appealed to French entrepreneurs to invest in Angola, having into account the need for mutual advantages.
In the Vatican City, José Eduardo dos Santos met with Pope Francis, with whom he discussed, among other things, matters related to the bilateral agreement project relating to the legal status of the Catholic church in Angola.
Still in the Holy See, the Angolan statesman met with other personalities of the Catholic church, as well as with African ambassadors accredited in the Vatican.
He also visited the Santa Maria Maggiori Basilica, in which is located the tomb of Afonso Nvunda "Negrita", the first ambassador of the former Kongo Kingdom to the Vatican.
In this trip, the Angolan President was accompanied by the First Lady, Ana Paula dos Santos, and other personalities of the Angolan state.


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Archive for Fountain
You are browsing the archives of Fountain.
You are browsing the archives of Fountain.
Emaar Water Spectacle Dubai's prominent developer, Emaar Properties said on Monday it plans to build one of the largest fountains in the world as the centrepiece of its Downtown Burj Dubai project. Arabian Business reveals what the real estate giant has in store. The fountains, which has yet to be named, will be capable of […]


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Did inspectors find problems at your neighborhood gas station?
It's monsoon season, and experts tell ABC15 all that dust and rain could end up in storage tanks at gasoline stations.
Dirty gas can hurt your car's engine, and that is what mechanics believe may have happened to Ivy Landis' car.
Her Buick LaSabre stalled in the intersection at 19th Street and Dunlap Avenue in Phoenix.
"Some random guy got out of his car, and helped me push it to the side," said Landis.
Her mechanic said it's tough to say for sure if dirty gas was the culprit, but the symptoms are the same.
"It will shut your car down. It won't run right, misfire, and cause the check engine light to come on," said Scott Anderson, mechanic for Kelly Clark Automotive Specialists.
Anderson said that's just a short list of potential problems that can lead to a long road of expensive repairs.
"It will do a lot of damage to the car," said Anderson pointing out that the cost of repairs can get very expensive.
So, how do you know if you're getting good gasoline, or bad?
The ABC15 Investigators learned there are gas stations across the state that were cited for issues with fuel quality.
The Arizona Department of Weights and Measures is the office in charge of inspecting.
The department checks gas for things that can hurt your engine including the wrong grade of octane, particles or dirt, oxygen levels and whether or not there is any water in the gas.
The state issues non-compliance orders and can ultimately fine the station and/or close it down.
For example, if water is found in the tanks, inspectors will lock down the pumps until all the bad gas is pumped out.
The ABC15 Investigators pulled data for the past three years and discovered the state found problems at stations 114 times. That's out of a total of 1,900 inspections across the state.
There were 12 stations where the octane levels were either too high or too low, eight of them had water violations, and 34 had issues with oxygen level.
But state regulators say the amount of dirty gas out there could be a lot higher than the numbers reveal because drivers wait too long to contact them with problems.
Our Test
When labs test gasoline, they take samples and let them sit overnight to see if any particles are found in the fuel.
The ABC15 Investigators conducted a similar, but unscientific test.
We selected ten Valley stations with previous violations and took samples. We followed the same protocol as laboratories.
First, we purchased a gallon from each location and then poured the gas into separate mason jars.
We waited a full week before recording the results.
Nine of the 10 samples had particles in them. But one had a great deal more than the other.
Our test was unscientific, so state inspectors went back to the same gas station and conducted their own test.
Their test was several days after ours, and they found the station's current fuel passed inspection.
State inspectors say people need to call the moment they suspect a bad batch of gas.
"These stations pump thousands and thousands of gallons a day. If they don't call us immediately, that suspect fuel is long gone," said Shawn Marquez with the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures.
If you think the gasoline you just put in your car is problematic, you can call the Department of Weights and Measures at 602-771-4920 or File a Complaint online.
Anderson said this is a warning every driver needs to hear. "For a lot of people, as long as their car starts, that's the last thing on their mind. As long as the car gets them down the road, they don't care. But they need to care."
Map of Violations
The interactive map below has the locations of the gas stations that have one or more violations over the past three years from June 2009- May 2012.
The violations are notices of non-compliance which means a station is not complying with regulations.
Use the map controls to pan and zoom, also click on red dots to find more information.
Fail Codes and their Descriptions
- 600 – (Product Transfer Document) – Means any bill of lading, loading ticket manifest invoice or other documentation used when a person transfers custody or title of motor fuel other than when motor fuel is sold or dispensed at a service station or fleet vehicle fueling facility.
- 601 – (Octane) – A 601 fail code would be reported if there is an octane rating failure, octane is found to be out of specifications, too high or too low.
- 602 –( Labeling) A 602 fail code would be reported if the required octane labels or oxygenate content labels were found to be missing or in disrepair in gasoline stations in area A and B.
- 603 – (Labeling) A 603 labeling fail code would be reported in the remainder of State.
- 604 – (Water) A 604 fail code would be reported if water were found in service
- stations underground storage tanks unleaded, mid, premium and diesel.


text: Ballistic Publishing - Call for Entries Bran the weaponmasterThis is old stuff. I made this illustration about one year ago, for personal studies. I've used photoshop cs3 and painter IX for the painting the idea was inspired by the dwarven race of role playing games like warhammer or warcraft. I hope you like it! Copyright (C) Giuseppe Alaimo 2007 All Rights Reserved No unauthorised duplication or distribution without explicit permission from the copyright holder. Artist Name: Giuseppe Alaimo Artist Country: IT Entered for: Software used: Corel - PainterAdobe - Photoshop About us | Contact us | Privacy Policy Copyright © 2003 Ballistic Media Pty. Ltd.


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Kurv Magazine 020, featuring Caterina Murino, Portraits by Giovanni Squatriti.
Credits:Photography: Giovanni Squatriti Giovannisquatriti.comFashion Stylist: Danila TorcoliMake Up Artist: Roberto Gotti using M.A.C. CosmeticsHair Stylist: Lucia OraziJewellery and Beauty Stylist:Gioele PaneddaAssistant: Matteo Maiocchi and Massimo PedrettiSpecial thanks to P12 Studios pietrasantadodici.it.Fashion:Alpo Guanti, Cartier, Chanel, Damiani, De Grisogono, Dolce & Gabbana, Gallia e Peter, Gianfranco Ferré, Giorgio Armani, Hermés, Jimmy Choo, La Perla, Omega, Prada, René Caovilla, Salvatore Ferragamo, Zagliani.
Kurv Magazine, Le Cœur Est un Rebelle by Waldemar Hansson, featuring Barbora Pracharova.
Credits:Photography: Waldemar HanssonStylist: Kawa H PourHair: Robert Preston - Preston HairMake Up: Helen Borg - Agent BauerTalent: Barbora Pracharova from EliteStylist Assistant: Alexandra AlexiPhotographer Assistant: Peter Edqvist and Idha LindhagThanks to James and Perra light and locationThanks to DagsljusThanks to Södra Teatern
FASHIONAgent Provocateur, Andersen & Layout, Betsy Johnson, Boss, Calvin Klein, Chanel, Christian Dior, Cornelia, DKNY, Dolce & Gabbana, Donna Karan, Epok, Gucci, Imoni, Indiska, Nina Ricci, Paul & Joe, Pleaser, Rita Saardi, Sonia Rykiel, Swarovski, Thomas Sabo, Wolford.
Kurv Magazine, Sur La Nuit Pourpre by Jonathan Segade.
Credits:Photography: Jonathan SegadeStylist: Sara Bascuñán and M.I.THair and Make Up: M.I.TTalent: Nastia Gorshkova @ City Models Paris.
Fashion: Agatha della Torre, Angel Schlesser, Antonio Pernas, Armand Basi, Bliss, Chanel vintage, Devota & Lomba, Duyos, Elio Berhanyer, Hoss Intropia, Jorge Vazquez, Miguel de Luna, Mónica Vinader, Now by Maria Freyre, Ophelia is Lost, Roberto Torreta, Veneno en la Piel, Yomime by Suika, Zadig & Voltaire, Zara.
Kurv Magazine, I Dream Of A Land, Yvonne Taylor.
Credits: Photography: Yvonne TaylorStylist and Creative Direction: Opé Majek @ OPEstyle.comMake Up: Lauretta J. McCoyTalent: Adesuwa Aighewi @ Muse.Fashion:A La Disposition, Alexander Koutny, Bobae, Circa Sixty Three, Danika, Elena Antionades, Ioselliani, Jose Duran, Laruicci, Manish Arora, Margarita Sapala, Octopi, Orange, Tikiglam, Whitney Marbach.
Kurv Magazine looks Inside Christian Dior, 30, Avenue Montaigne Paris.
The Boutique's New Look in 2007 was inspired by its 60th anniversary and based upon the evolution in society, fashion and contemporary design as interpreted by American Architect Peter Marino who created the feel of a luxurious contemporary apartment, with each department treated as a salon in a 1,200 square meter private home. The décor, purposely warm, bears the stamp of the contemporary artists that have marked the century: the sculptor Claude Lalanne, the poet in ironwork, André Dubreuil, the decorator Hervé Van Der Straeten who created the Dior perfume bottle for 'J'adore', the designer of table-sculptures Ado Chale, the wood sculptor Alisdair Cooke, the man who makes light talk, Rob Wynne and the one who makes images talk, Oyoram. The latter signed the sumptuous videos of Monsieur Dior's gardens, projected nonstop in the rotunda to welcome clients with flowers seen through the trompe l'oeil window panes similar to those in Monsieur Dior's Grandville home.
In the 7 meter high rotunda light varies from dawn to dusk and Claude Lalanne's sculpted central bench in silver bronze gives a serene effect.
Every detail, every colour, the fabrics, the furniture were studied to make the most of the world according to Dior. This is a universe of luxury, elegance and joy that insures the modern youth of the label orchestrated by John Galliano.
Monsieur Dior was in no way betrayed or denied by the transformation. All the codes dear to him—gray, the Medallion chair, the caning, the wild cat print carpets are distinctively and modernly custom made.
« I developed 56 different shades of gray," explained Peter Marino." The palest and the darkest, uniting charcoal and silver, in lacquer, weaving, silver leafing, …
The famous Medallion chair is no longer a single chair, but many in thirty six variations reinvented throughout each room. The caning spirit can be found in filigree on the tiled floors, the wrinkled silks, the quilted satins ….
The fashion house spirit acts as a bridge between the modern day products that are presented in an intimate art de vivre, as requested by the president of Dior-Couture, Sidney Toledano and the Dior tradition.
The evening gowns hold salon in front of a white marble fireplace above which a portrait of Christian Dior by Bernard Buffet hangs, velvet sofas and two Van der Straeten easy chairs on either side, creating a sitting area around an Aldo Chale coffee table.
A small precious salon is for cocktail gowns: coal-colored walls, sun mirror, and zodiac ceiling showing Monsieur Dior's sign, Aquarius. Four gray and gold velvet easy chairs placed around a Hervé Van der Straeten pedestal table call for romanticism and privacy, conversation among friends, for a cup of coffee placed on a sculpted wooden table lacquered by and given a patina by Alasdair Cooke.
The same harmony reigns in the silver gray boudoir devoted to watches and in the fitting room in cloud colored leather, and its Confidant, an armchair for two, specially designed by Peter Marino for a private conversation, both rooms bathed in soft light.
In the same intimate mood, a hallway where an André Dubreuil console table stands links small salons hung with quilted satin under waved ceilings, added for exceptional clients like today's Cinderella, searching for unique slippers. Here and there, Dior walls have the floor—between two bags or a pair of shoes—and they say "Look good" or "J'adore" in blown glass words by the light artist, Rob Wynne …


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Update: College Ave Safeway store
By awoodall
Tuesday, April 28th, 2009 at 1:53 pm in Uncategorized.
Safeway Corp to present the company's latest plans for the 50,000-square-foot College Avenue store (plus small shops) 7-9 p.m. Wednesday at the Claremont Resort.
[You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.]


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At Advanced Auto Repair & Sales, our family-owned business provides full service ASE Certified auto and truck repair for all domestic and most foreign cars including Mercedes, Audi, etc.
With a history of more than 30 years of service to Joliet and the greater Will County area, we have developed a loyal following of 100's of satisfied customers in complete auto & truck repair.
We look forward to servicing all your auto and truck repair & maintenance needs.
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Web Development and Hosting by Inland Coast Business Services LLC


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A device and method for treating collapsed bronchial tubes found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are provided. The device includes an elongated member having a heating element that includes one or more energy delivery members. The method includes heating the bronchial tube to cause at least a portion of the cross links of the collagen in the wall to unlink/open and subsequently form new cross links after the collagen fibers have realigned. The procedure effectively reinforces the structural integrity of the wall and thereby prevents the lumen from collapsing.
1. An apparatus for treating a bronchial tube having a collapsed or partially collapsed lumen which comprises:
a treatment device comprising an elongated member having a heating element at a distal end that comprises one or more electrodes, comprising non-ferrous material, which when energized causes the wall of the lumen to undergo a structural transformation effective to render the wall capable of supporting a non-collapsed lumen, wherein a distal segment of the elongated member comprises expandable material, wherein the one or more electrodes are positioned on an outer surface of the segment, and wherein the treatment device further comprises an electromagnet located in an interior region of said segment; and
a source of energy that is conducted to the electromagnet by conducting elements in the elongated member.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the segment of the elongated member is pleated.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the source of energy comprises a radio frequency generator.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a feedback indicator.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the feedback indicator is an auditory signal.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the feedback indicator is a visual signal.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the feedback indicator is indicative of shrinkage.
8. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the feedback indicator is indicative of temperature.
9. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the feedback indicator is indicative of electrical characteristics.
The present invention relates to a device and method for treatment of the airway obstruction found in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), which includes such entities as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, are steadily increasing in frequency, possibly due to continued smoking, increasing air pollution, and the continued aging of the population. COPD is characterized by edema of the mucous membranes, which line the interior walls of the tracheobronchial tree. When the mucosa accumulates an abnormal quantity of liquid, the profuse and thickened serous fluid excreted may seriously affect ventilation in the alveoli. The mucus resists movement up the walls of the tracheobronchial tree, normally efficiently accomplished by the cilia throughout the airways which are also destroyed. Consequently, the serous fluid can form mucus plugs, which can shut off alveoli or entire airways. In addition to secretion accumulation, airway obstruction can occur because the tubes collapse due to destruction of connective tissue. This reduces the ability to get oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
Asthma is the most common form of bronchoconstrictive disease and pathologically involves constriction of the bronchioles, hypertrophy of the muscles of the bronchioles, and a characteristic infiltrate of eosinophils. Both asthma and COPD are characterized by the constriction or collapse of airway passages in the lungs that are not supported by cartilage. This condition is marked by labored breathing accompanied by wheezing, by a sense of constriction in the chest, and often by attacks of coughing and gasping. Individuals who are afflicted may attempt to compensate by blowing harder only to have the airways collapse further. A person with poor resulting ventilation suffers from a number of metabolic conditions including accumulation of carbon dioxide. These individuals also often have hyperinflated enlarged lungs and barrel-shaped chests.
A wide variety of drugs are available for treating the symptoms of COPD but none is curative. Cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema are typically treated with agents to thin and dry up the secretions and with antibiotics to combat infection and with bronchodilators. These drugs include potassium iodide, antihistamines, various antibiotics, beta agonists and aminophylline. Unfortunately, a large number of patients are not responsive to these medications or become non-responsive after prolonged periods of treatment. For severe cases involving collapsed air passages, surgeons have endeavored to alleviate this disabling condition by either (1) removing a portion of the lungs or (1) constricting the volume of lung available for respiration by stapling off sections thereof. The result is that functionally the diaphragm and muscles in the chest wall operate on a smaller lung volume which may improve air movement for some individuals. These operations are quite risky and are associated with a large number of deaths. Patients undergoing these treatments are quite ill and these procedures are considered final options.
Notwithstanding the conventional treatments available, there exists a need in the art for an effective treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma. Specifically, there is a need for effective treatment for individuals with obstructed airway passages to restore pulmonary function which only requires minimal surgery.
The present invention is based in part on the discovery that the structural integrity of bronchial tubes, especially those which do not have significant amounts of cartilage present, can be significantly recreated by subjecting the bronchial tubes to a sufficient amount of heat in a specific pattern to cause at least a portion of the cross links of the collagen fibers to open and subsequently form new cross links after the collagen fibers have realigned thereby causing the tubes to remain patent. This procedure changes the structure of the integral collagen and the shape of the tube.
In one aspect, the invention is directed to a method of selectively treating parts of a bronchial tube having a collapsed or partially collapsed lumen which includes the step of heating the inner wall of the lumen to a temperature effective to cause collagen in the wall to undergo a structural transformation.
In a preferred embodiment, the bronchial tube is heated to a temperature in the range between about 40� C. and about 95� C. for about 1 to about 120 seconds. In another preferred embodiment, heating the bronchial tube causes the inner surface of the bronchial tube to form a series of patency bands thereby preventing the bronchial tube from collapsing.
In another aspect, the invention is directed to an apparatus for treating an affected bronchial tube having a collapsed or partially collapsed lumen which includes a heating device comprising an elongated member and having one or more energy delivery members, e.g. electrodes, preferably on the exterior surface of the elongated member, wherein each energy delivery member has sufficient width so that when energized causes collagen in the bronchial tube wall to undergo a structural transformation to restore sufficient rigidity and strength to the wall to enable the bronchial tube to support a substantially non-obstructed lumen; and a source of energy and conduit for conducting energy to the treating element.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of electrodes each spaced apart from an adjacent electrode.
As used herein, like reference numerals will designate similar elements in the various embodiments of the present invention wherein:
FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B are perspective views of the heating elements of the inventive treatment apparatus;
FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the treatment apparatus,
FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of a heating element, and
FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views illustrating a bronchoscope with a treatment apparatus device positioned therein.
This invention is useful for treating subjects experiencing difficulty in breathing as a result of obstructed airway passages caused, for example, by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including, for example, cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. This invention ameliorates the effects of these diseases by improving lung function by keeping the airway passages open. Specifically, the present invention provides a device and method for effecting changes in collagen-containing soft tissue in the bronchial tubes or air passages of the lungs which have collapsed. The causes of the collapse may be the destruction of the connective tissue, the disease process, swelling, and/or muscle-dependant constriction. The invention is directed to a treatment process which effectively creates an internal bronchial stent which prevents the air passages from collapsing. As used herein, the term "bronchial tube" or "air passage" refers to the sub-segments that branch from the main stem bronchus of the lungs. Cartilage is not present around these air passages in appreciable amounts to prevent the air passage from collapsing.
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the inventive treatment apparatus which includes an elongated, cylindrical member 10 having a heating element that has a plurality of electrodes designated 12 and 14 located on the outer surface of the member. The electrodes are electrically connected to a source of RF energy via connector 18. Preferably each electrode is configured as a band as shown that has a width of about 0.2 mm to about 3 mm and preferably each electrode band is separate from the next by a distance of about 0.5 mm to 10 mm. It is understood that the heating element comprises one or more electrode bands. The apparatus has a distal end 20 that is parabolically-shaped to reduce the amount of resistance encountered when the apparatus is advanced into the air passages.
The apparatus has an outer diameter that is approximately equal to (or can be expandable to equal) the desired final inner diameter of the lumen of an obstructed air passage to be treated. Typically, the outer diameter ranges from about 3 French to about 20 French. When the heating element comprises a plurality of electrode bands, the distance between each band is preferably less than about three times the outer diameter of the apparatus. The effect will be that the patency bands formed on the wall of the lumen will be separated from each other by no more than a distance equal to about three times the length of the outer diameter of the lumen. The patency bands so configured will provide good support for the bronchial tube to prevent the lumen from collapsing.
The function of the treating element is to apply a sufficient amount of energy to the walls of collapsible air passages to cause collagen in the walls to undergo a structural transformation to create more rigid walls that can support a non-collapsed, patent lumen. In this embodiment, energy emanates from the electrode bands, so that following treatment with this particular apparatus, the walls of the air passage will develop patency bands corresponding to locations along the walls where the collagen structural transformation has occurred. The contours of the patency bands should substantially match those of the electrode bands. As is apparent, the number and width of each electrode band are not critical. In the case where there is only one electrode band, it may be necessary to move the apparatus and heat more than one area of the lumen wall in order to transform sufficient amounts of the collagen to render the air passage patent. The term "patent" refers to heat treated air passages wherein the lumen remains substantially open during normal breathing.
The heating element is made of any suitable biocompatible material such as, for example, conductive polymer, stainless steel, platinum, other noble metals, or shape memory alloy, such as nickel-titanium-alloy (Nitinol™ commercially available from Raychem Corporation, Menlo Park, Calif.). Member 10 is made of a flexible material so that it can be maneuvered through a catheter or bronchoscope as described herein. The term "catheter" refers generally to a tubular device suitable for insertion into the bronchial tubes. A bronchoscope is a modified catheter which is an illuminating instrument for inspecting and passing instruments (e.g., treatment device) into the bronchial tubes.
When the treatment apparatus is positioned at the treatment site, an RF generator is activated to provide suitable RF energy, preferably at a selected frequency in the range of 10 MHz to 1000 MHz. The emitted energy is converted within the tissue into heat in the range of about 40� C. to about 95� C. As the temperature increases, it is believed that the collagen undergoes a structural transformation whereby the collagen fibers contract and new cross links are formed. Heating creates bands to keep the lumen open. The result of heating with an electrode band or row of electrodes configured substantially around the perimeter of the elongated member is that the connective tissue containing the collagen is transformed into a ring-like, patency band circumscribing the surface of the lumen. The patency band has a diameter that is approximately equal to the outer surface diameter of the corresponding electrode bands or rows of electrodes, however, because of the expected shrinkage associated with the heating process, the patency band may have a circumference that is less than that of the non-treated inner surface. The patency band which is more rigid than the collapsed wall of the air passage prior to treatment effectively prevents the lumen from collapsing once the heating apparatus is removed.
RF energy is no longer applied after there has been sufficient transformation, e.g., shrinkage, of the collagen fibers which may be gauged by removing the heating device from the treatment site and visually determining whether the lumen remains uncollapsed. Sufficient shrinkage may also be detected by fluoroscopy, external ultrasound scanning, pulse-echo ultrasound scanning, sensing the collapsing or straightening of the heating element with appropriate feedback variables, impedance monitoring or any other suitable method.
Substantial transformation may be achieved very rapidly, depending upon the specific treatment conditions. Because the transformation can proceed at a rather rapid rate, the RF energy should be applied at low power levels. Preferably, the RF energy is applied for a length of time in the range of about 1 seconds to about 120 seconds. Suitable RF power sources are commercially available and well known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment the RF generator employed has a single channel, delivering approximately 1 to 10 watts of RF energy and possessing continuous flow capability. The rate of transformation can be controlled by varying the energy delivered to the heating element.
Besides using RF energy for energizing the heating element, it is to be understood that other forms of energy such as alternating current, microwaves, ultrasound, and light either coherent (e.g., laser) or incoherent (e.g., light emitting diode or tungsten filament) can be used, and that the thermal energy generated from a resistive coil, a hot fluid element (e.g., circulating liquids, gases, combinations of liquids and gases, etc.), a curie point element, or similar elements can be used as well. The hot fluid element may comprise, for example, an elongated member 10 as shown in FIG. 1C that includes a conduit system 22 whereby heated fluid is transported through the center of the member and then channeled outward toward the inner surface of the member. In one embodiment the heated fluid is diverted to contact the inner surface of the elongated member so that energy radiates from selected areas on the outer surface of the member corresponding to areas 12 and 14 in FIG. 1A. Regardless of the source, energy delivered to the lumen wall of the obstructed airway passage should be such that none of the tissue is ablated.
The heating element, as shown in FIG. 1, operates as a unipolar, internal electrode in the patient's body. An outer electrode (not shown) having a much larger surface area than that of the electrode bands is placed on the outer surface of the patient's body. For example, an external metal mesh or solid plate is placed on the skin. Both electrodes are connected to an RF generator which produces an electric field at a high frequency within the patient's body. Because the collective surface area of the electrode bands is much smaller than that of the outer electrode, the density of the high frequency electric field is much higher around the electrode bands. The electric field reaches its highest density between the two electrodes in the region near the heating element. The increased density of the field around the electrode bands produces localized heating of the tissue of the lumen wall.
A heating element comprising a bipolar electrode can also be used. Referring to FIG. 1A, in a bipolar arrangement electrode band 12 would be a first conductive element and electrode band 14 would be a second conductive element. The electrode bands emit RF energy with the first conductive element acting as the active electrode and the second conductive element acting as the return electrode, or vice versa. One electrode would be connected to the positive electrode of the generator and the other would be connected to the negative electrode. An insulator 16 is located between the conductive elements. FIG. 1B illustrates a heating element having multiple, i.e., double, bipolar electrode bands. Bands 11 are connected to the positive electrode of the RF generator and bands 13 are connected to the negative electrode. The material between the conductive elements are electrically insulated.
While the heating elements have been shown as electrode bands, other configurations can be used such as, for example, spiral, ring and grid patterns. These elements will create corresponding patterns on the lumen wall. One limitation is that the heating elements have sufficient surface area in contact with the wall of the lumen so that the heat treatment process can be completed within a reasonable time. As is apparent, the heating elements which are in contact with the lumen wall also keep the air passage open during treatment. Since the formation of patency bands that circumscribe the walls of the lumen is expected to provide good mechanical support which prevents a treated air passage from collapsing, preferably the heating elements are configured so that patency bands can be created.
FIG. 2A illustrates another embodiment of the treatment apparatus comprising an elongated, cylindrical member 60 having a heating element that comprises electrodes 62 and 64 located on the other surface of the member. Preferably, the heating element comprises a bipolar electrode wherein one of the electrodes is the active electrode and the other electrode is the return electrode, or vice-versa. One electrode is connected to the RF positive electrode of the generator and the other is connected to the negative electrode. Segment 68 of the member situated between the electrodes is made of electrically insulating material.
The segment of elongated member in and around electrode 64 is fabricated of material that is expandable and substantially impervious to air or other suitable gases for causing the elongated member to balloon. In this fashion, this section of the elongated member is radially expandable and deformable in response to compressed gas or any other suitable force or material that is applied into the interior region of the elongated member. Moreover, the elongated member will substantially return to its original, non-expanded form when the internal force is deactivated or the material is withdrawn. FIG. 2B illustrates the elongated member in the expanded position. The degree of expansion or distance that the member expands will depend on, among other things, the pressure applied and the elasticity of the member wall. In this embodiment, material between position 66 on the elongated member to the base of electrode 62 is fabricated from expandable material such as latex or polyethylene. The material selected must not melt at the temperature ranges used in the treatment.
Radial expansion causes electrode 64 to come into thermal or electrical contact with an air passage to be treated. Electrode 64 is preferably a spring coil. The treatment apparatus may comprise more than one such coil electrode which are positioned along the length of the elongated member so that a plurality of locations along a bronchial tube can be treated simultaneously.
FIG. 3A illustrates a further embodiment of the treatment apparatus comprising an elongated, cylindrical member 70 having one or more electrodes 78 situated on the outer surface of the elongated member. Preferably, a plurality of these electrodes form a number of rows of electrodes that are positioned along the length of the elongated member. As shown in cross sectional view FIG. 4A, the segment of surface of the elongated member at and around the electrodes is arranged in pleats 74. By being folded in this manner, the surface can expand radially when an outward force is applied from the interior of the cylindrical member as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4B. In this embodiment, the electrodes comprise non-ferrous (e.g., aluminum) strips and an electromagnet 76 which is positioned in the interior of the elongated member. When the electromagnetic is energized with alternating current the magnetic field will cause the non-ferrous electrodes to repel from the electromagnet. In addition, the temperature of the electrode will rise due to Joule heating. The treatment apparatus may comprise a plurality of rows of the electrodes.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a bronchoscope 30 having treatment apparatus 70 slidably positioned within a lumen. The device also includes an image-transmitting fiber 50 and illuminating fiber 52. Any conventional bronchoscope with an appropriately sized and directed working lumen may be employed. The image transmitting fiber collects light from the distal end of the treating apparatus and directs the light to a viewing apparatus (not shown) for displaying an image of the obstructed air passage. The bronchoscope may have a panning system which enables the tips to be moved in different directions.
In operation, when treating a person with obstructed air passages, a preliminary diagnosis is made to identify the obstructed air passages that can be treated. In treating a particular site, excessive fluid is first removed from the obstructed air passage by conventional means such as with a suction catheter. Thereafter, the bronchoscope as illustrated in FIG's 5 and 6 is advanced from the person's nasal or oral cavity, and through the trachea, main stem bronchus, and into an obstructed air passage. The heat treatment device is connected to an RF generator located remotely from the patient.
The treatment device is advanced forward from the bronchoscope to expose electrodes 78 before the electromagnetic is energized. Depending on the number of bands or rows of the electrodes, the treatment device can be moved to another position for further heat treatment of the air passage. This process can be repeated as many times as necessary to form a series of patency bands supporting an air passage. This procedure is applied to a sufficient number of obstructed air passages until the physician determines that he is finished. As is apparent, the procedure can be completed in one treatment or multiple treatments. After completion of each treatment, current to the electromagnet is discontinued thereby causing the expanded surface at and near the electrodes to retract radially. The bronchoscope is then removed from the patient.
The heating apparatus can be made to provide protection against verheating of the connective tissue which will cause the collagen to denature. Temperature monitoring and impedance monitoring can be utilized in a system which provides feedback to the user in the form of sounds, lights, other displays or which shuts down the application of energy from the heating element to the treatment site when sufficient transformation is detected and to avoid burning of the treatment site. The amount of energy applied can be decreased or eliminated manually or automatically under certain conditions. For example, the temperature of the wall of the air passage, or of the heating element can be monitored and the energy being applied adjusted accordingly. The surgeon can, if desired, override the feedback control system. A microprocessor can be included and incorporated into the feedback control system to switch the power on and off, as well as modulate the power. The microprocessor can serve as a controller to monitor the temperature and modulate the power.
The invention is also directed to the demonstration or instruction of the inventive surgical techniques including, but not limited to, actual instructions involving patients, audio-visual presentations, animal demonstrations, and the like.
While several particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited, except as by the appended claims.
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Hi guys,
My desktop is 4 years old. It works fine. I have noticed that it's slow playing certain games (like Jungle Gin in Pogo). I suppose gaming needs may be passing my computer's abilities.
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The SpyThe Spy (1969) Season 1 Episode 38-15- Arabian Knights Cartoon Episode Guide by Dave Koch
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- Arabian Knights Cartoon Episode Guide
- Hanna-Barbera Studios
- Cartoon Characters: Bez, Evil Bakaar, Raseem, Princess Nida, Prince Turhan, Fariik.
- Originally Released in 1969.
- Season: 1
- Color
- Running Time: 8:30 minutes.
Cartoon Summary:
Bakaar is furious when he discovers that the Arabian Knights have escaped with his treasure. His fury turns to glee when his wily magician, Sondar, proposes to change himself into a duplicate Zazuum to spy on the knights. Nida quickly discovers the imposter and she exposes him to her friends. The real Zazuum is recovered, and Bakaar is once more defeated.
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ROW 1: Neon Dip-Dyed Eggs // Calligraphed Eggs // Dipping, Marbling, and Speckling ROW 2: Metallic Egg Art // Gradient Eggs // Painterly Pastel Eggs ROW 3: Tie Dye Eggs // Natural Easter Egg Dye ROW 4: Washi Tape Easter Eggs // Stamped Easter Eggs // Scrambled Lines and Letters Eggs ROW 5: Easy Silhouette Easter Eggs // Golden Marbled Easter Eggs // Watercolor Easter Eggs
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