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A torque converter and viscous clutch has a viscous fluid chamber and a hydraulic fluid chamber. The fluid chambers are sealingly separated and physically interconnected by a piston interface. The piston interface is responsive to the thermal expansion in the viscous fluid chamber to permit expansion thereof. The piston is also responsive to increased pressure in the hydraulic fluid chamber to correspondingly increase the pressure in the viscous fluid chamber.
1. A torque converter and clutch comprising:
an input member;
an output member;
clutch means disposed between said input and output members for effecting a drive connection therebetween, said clutch means comprising:
an apply chamber;
a release chamber;
means for supplying hydraulic fluid to the chambers;
friction clutch means for engaging said input member in response to fluid pressure in the apply chamber;
viscous clutch means operatively connected between the friction clutch means and said output member including drive means secured to the friction clutch means, driven means drivingly connected with said output means, viscous drive fluid disposed between said drive and driven means for transmitting drive torque therebetween, a compensation chamber open to said viscous drive fluid and said hydraulic fluid in said apply chamber and piston means slidably disposed in said compensation chamber for preventing commingling of said viscous drive fluid and said hydraulic fluid and being responsive to the pressure and temperature of said fluids for maintaining a pressure balance between the viscous drive fluid and the hydraulic fluid.
This invention relates to torque converter and clutch assemblies, and more particularly, to such clutch assemblies having a viscous portion in serial drive relationship with a friction portion.
Modern automatic transmissions generally utilize a torque converter or fluid coupling to provide a slipping drive connection between an engine and a multi-speed gear arrangement. The main purpose of the torque converter is to provide increased torque multiplication during starting of a vehicle. The torque converter is also useful in restricting the amount of engine torsional vibrations that can be transmitted to the gearing arrangement and therefore felt by the operation.
However, at higher vehicle speeds and engine speeds, the torsional vibrations are less harsh and it is then desirable to eliminate the torque converter or fluid drive. This has generally been accomplished by the use of a friction type clutch which has a spring damper included therewith to provide for reduced vibration transmission.
It has also been known to utilize a viscous clutch in serial arrangement with the friction clutch to provide continued damping between the engine output and the gearing input. The viscous portion of the clutch is generally a sealed arrangement, such that the transfer of fluid into and out of the viscous clutch is not permitted. Accordingly, the viscous fluid can have a significantly different pressure than the pressure of the fluid available in the torque converter, which is generally a hydraulic type fluid.
It is also known that it is not wise to intermix these two fluids as this reduces the torque transmitting capacity of the viscous fluid in the viscous portion of the clutch.
The present invention has a pressure balance piston or interface to ensure the viscous clutch fluid and the torque converter fluid are maintained at substantially the same pressure. This prevents distortion of the internal components of the viscous clutch and distributes the apply pressure of the friction clutch evenly across the pressure plate. The pressure balance piston also ensures that any pressure differential across the rotating seals between the input and the output of the viscous clutch will be minimized.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved torque converter clutch having serially arranged friction and viscous portions, wherein the fluid pressure in the viscous portion is maintained substantially equal to the apply pressure in the friction portion to an intermediate piston.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved torque converter clutch having a fluid pressure applied friction clutch and a viscous clutch serially disposed therewith for torque transmission between an input member and an output member, wherein the viscous fluid in the viscous clutch is maintained at a pressure level substantially equal to the apply fluid pressure through a piston member which provides a movable interface between the fluids.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an improved torque converter clutch, as set forth above, wherein the piston interface provides structure for filling the viscous clutch after assembly in the torque converter clutch.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description and drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a torque converter and clutch assembly incorporating the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, wherein like characters represent the same or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is seen in FIG. 1 a torque converter and clutch assembly designated 10. The torque converter and clutch assembly 10 includes a conventional torque converter having at least a turbine 12 and a stator 13.
An impeller portion or pump of the torque converter is not shown. This assembly is a conventional power transmitting assembly and the structure is well known to those skilled in the art.
The torque converter and clutch assembly 10 has an input shell or drive member 14 which is drivingly connected to a conventional flex plate, shown in phantom line at 16, which in turn is driven by an engine output shaft shown in phantom line at 18. These structures are well known and it is not believed that further description is necessary at this juncture.
A clutch assembly, generally designated 20, is disposed in a fluid chamber 22 between the turbine 12 and the input shell 14. The clutch assembly 20 includes a friction portion or clutch 24 comprised of a pressure plate 26 and a friction facing 28. The friction facing 28 is adapted to selectively frictionally engage and disengage an inner surface 30 of the input shell 14 in response to a pressure differential across the pressure plate 26.
The clutch assembly 20 also has a viscous portion 32 which includes inner and outer housing members 34, 36 and an inner output member 38. The output member 38 has a spline portion 40 which is drivingly connected to a piston housing 42.
The inner housing 34 and outer housing 36 are secured at the outer periphery thereof to the pressure plate 26. The housing 34 has an inner hub 44 in which a conventional lip seal 46 is disposed. The lip seal 46 provides a sealing arrangement between the hub 44 and the piston housing 42.
The pressure plate 26 has an inner hub 48 to which a lip seal and bushing assembly 50 is secured. The lip seal and bushing assembly 50 includes a lip seal 52 which sealingly engages the piston housing 42 and a bushing 55 which is sealingly disposed between the inner hub 48 of pressure plate 26 and a sleeve shaft 56.
The seals 46 and 52 cooperate with the housings 34 and 36 to form a viscous fluid chamber 54 in which a silicone fluid is contained. As is well known, the silicone fluid is useful in transmitting drive between rotating members. The housings 34 and 36 are rotatable with the input shell 14 when the friction surface 28 is engaged, such that a relative rotation between the housings 34 and 36, and the viscous clutch output plate 38 is present. The viscous fluid in the chamber 54 is active to transmit torque between these relatively rotating parts, such that the piston housing 42 has a rotational component imposed thereon.
The piston housing 42 has an annular chamber 58 in which an annular piston 60 is slidably disposed. The annular piston 60 separates the chamber 58 into a hydraulic fluid chamber 62 and a viscous fluid chamber 64. The piston 60 is freely slidable in the chamber 58. The only restriction to this axial movement is a pair of annular seals 66 and 68 which are fitted to the piston 60. The seals 66 and 68 cooperate to prevent the mixing of the fluid in chamber 64 with the fluid in chamber 62. The fluid in chamber 62 is in fluid communication through a passage 70 with the fluid in a clutch apply chamber 72 formed between the turbine 12 and the housing 34.
The piston housing 42 has a spline 74 which is drivingly connected with the sleeve shaft 56. The sleeve shaft 56 has a spline portion 76 which is drivingly connected with an output hub 78 which is secured to the turbine 12. The output hub 78 is drivingly connected with a transmission input shaft 80 through a spline member 82. A fluid passage 84 is formed in the sleeve shaft 56 to permit fluid communication between the right side of seal 52 and the chamber 72.
As is well known with torque converter clutches, it is preferable to disengage the clutch by supplying fluid pressure to a disengagement chamber 86 which is formed between the input shell 14 and the pressure plate 26. To engage the friction portion 24, the fluid pressure is supplied directly to the torque converter and thence to the chamber 72 while the chamber 86 is connected to exhaust or low pressure.
When fluid pressure to apply the clutch assembly 20 is present in chamber 72, the pressure is effective along the entire annular surface of the housing 34. In order to prevent deflection of this housing, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the viscous fluid, such that the pressure differential across the housings 34 and 36 will be essentially zero. This is accomplished by the piston 60 which has one annular surface open to the chamber 62 and the other annular surface open to the chamber 64.
As previously mentioned, the chamber 62 is pressurized by the fluid in the chamber 72 and the chamber 64 is open to the viscous fluid within the chamber 54. The piston 60 will respond to fluid pressure in the chambers 62 and 64 to provide a movable interface, such that the pressures in these chambers will be balanced and the pressure across the housing 34 will be balanced.
When the clutch friction surface 28 is released by fluid pressure in the chamber 86, the piston 60 will again be adjusted axially within the piston housing 42 to permit a reduction in the fluid pressure in the chamber 54 to match or be slightly greater than the pressure in the chamber 72. When the pressure in the chamber 72 is the exhaust pressure for the torque converter, the pressure in chamber 54 can be higher than the pressure in the chamber 72 without any deleterious effects being evident within the viscous clutch. Since the friction clutch is disengaged, the viscous clutch is inoperable at this time and therefore the pressure differential will have very little effect.
It is known that in viscous clutches at high torque transmission rates, the viscous fluid can increase in temperature. This is to be expected in viscous clutches. The piston 60 will accommodate these temperature changes in the viscous fluid in chamber 54 by permitting the expansion of the chamber 54 as a result of increasing pressures to the thermal expansion of the viscous fluid. This will maintain the pressure balance desired within the viscous clutch in chamber 72 while not limiting the temperature rise within the viscous fluid nor requiring a significant amount of cooling to maintain the temperature of the viscous fluid within a narrow operating range.
The piston 60 has formed therein an annular passage 90 in which a ball 92 is sealingly engaged. The passage 90 with the ball 92 removed can be aligned with the passage 70 in the piston housing 42. After assembly of the viscous clutch portion with the pressure plate 26, it is possible to then inject the viscous fluid through the passage 90 into the chamber 54 of the viscous clutch portion. When a sufficient or desired volume of fluid has been placed in the chamber 54, the ball 92 is pressed into place thereby sealing the chamber 54 from the chambers 62 and 72. This permits the clutch to be essentially fully assembled prior to the viscous fluid being introduced. This is beneficial in that there is no possibility of fluid loss during assembly.
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Jan 30, 2010
I'm Mommy now
But, I'm not just mommy, I'm a Motivated Mom. I feel like I do so much with Gavin since becoming a stay-at-home-mom. I love that I'm very active in our playgroup and we spend a lot of time doing toddler stuff. Finally, I'm getting back into my crafting, and getting caught up on my scrapbooks and starting my Journal Jars. But, I often felt like I didn't do enough around the house. Granted, it's clean, but I couldn't help but feel like there are little things that I don't do that as a stay at home mom I could do. Then, I read online about http://www.motivatedmoms.com/ and I had to check it out. I'm such a list person, so it's right up my alley. I'm sure I could have created the lists on my own and saved myself the $8, but I probably would have spent hours just trying to figure out what to add to the list, and left off half the things they came up with. I'm really impressed so far. I thrive on seeing my accomplishments; checking things off as I go is a big motivator for me. I printed them off in the weekly format and posted it on the fridge. When Jarrod came home yesterday, I was very excited to show him the list and tell him how I'd cleaned all the refrigerator door shelves. His response: "But the whole fridge needs cleaned." I guess the look on my face told him it wasn't the right answer, because it was immediately followed by, "That's good, though...Baby steps, Jen." :)
Jan 29, 2010
Cooking with Mama
I measured out the marshmallows, but some spilled out so he had to pick them all up one at a time and put back in the cup before dumping them.
Once the marshmallows were melted with the butter (which we did in the microwave so he could still add the rice krispies and because he loves to push the Start button now on the microwave), we added in the cereal.
I spread them into the pan and tried to get a final shot with Gavin. Apparently now I either get a smile or we get to see his eyes. He can't do both at the same time anymore.
Jan 28, 2010
Still alive....
But, I still had to find things to keep us busy. I found this craft idea online, and tried it earlier this week. Gavin looks interested, but in all honestly, he wasn't that into this. I thought it was fun and turned out cute, so we're doing it again next week with a friend. :)
That's clear contact paper on the table. I cut out a heart frame and small squares of tissue paper and let Gavin put them inside the heart. Not sure why he sticks his belly out like this when I tell him to look at the camera. :)
Jan 27, 2010
Jan 26, 2010
Ready for this to be over...
Gavin's croup has turned into a bad cold and of course, he's passed it to me. We're both a snotty mess this morning. And for whatever reason, he thinks it is fun to wake up an hour earlier than normal. I didn't find it funny... :)
Jarrod's in Syracuse again this week. Since January 6th, he's slept here 8 nights. The only upside to this whole situation is he's really racking up the rewards points for us to get a hotel stay for our New York City vacation! I think he said he gets 4,000 points per night. Hopefully we'll actually get to go to NYC this spring and not have to pay for the hotel stay. Wouldn't that be nice?
Jan 25, 2010
Some food for thought
I heard a story about a medical school professor who stood before his class holding a glass of water. He asked them to guess how much it weighed. Their estimate was about 8 oz. "What will happen to me if I hold this glass like this for one minute?"
The students responded that nothing much was likely to happen.
Then he said, "What if I hold it for an hour?"
"Your arm would start to get tired and ache," his class said.
"And if I held the glass for a whole day?"
The students responded, "Your arm could go numb, you might experience severe muscle stress and even paralysis."
"But during all this, did the weight of the glass change?" the professor asked. The class agreed that the water would weigh the same 8 oz. at the beginning of the experiment as it did at the end.
"And yet it feels so much heaver the longer I hold it," the teacher noted. Then he asked, "What should I do to relieve my discomfort?" The class responded unanimously. "Put down the glass!"
"Exactly!" said the professor, adding, "Life's struggles are sometimes like this. Hold them for a few minutes in your heart and you'll be fine. In fact, you might even gain a little strength by exercising your problem-solving muscles. But when you hang on to your probelms for a long time, you'll begin to feel an ache. Eventually holding on to those heavy burdens can even paralyze you so you won't be able to move forward. That's why it's important to think of the challenges or problems in your life....but even more important to put them down. That way you'll be free and strong enough to tackle new challenges and opportunities."
Jan 23, 2010
Croup update
Jan 22, 2010
Oh what a night!
I had a party last night so it was 'Guy Time.' Ice cream and Sesame Street....the typical night together when Mama is working. Jarrod said he went down fine. I came home around 10 and he said he still sounded bad when he'd cough. About a half hour later, he was standing in his crib crying. I went in to get him and he sounded awful. It was like he couldn't catch his breath....like he was gasping for air. We tried hot steam in the bathroom, and tried to get him to drink some juice. Of course, nothing calmed him down except Sesame Street. We called the doctor on call to see if we should take him to the hospital and she said it sounded like croup.
She told us to do the hot steam for 10 minutes or so, and then to bundle him up and walk around outside. The hot steam in the bathroom just made him cry more, cough more, and gasp more, so I just took him for a walk and it helped a lot. We watch more Nick Jr. On Demand until after midnight when he finally fell asleep on me. We were up and down all night...I'm guessing maybe a total of 3 hours of sleep. I took him outside two more times and spent a lot of time just walking around the house. I'm waiting for the doctor to call me back to see if I should bring him in today or not. The doctor on call did say night 2 is the worst, so I'm not looking forward to tonight at all! At least Jarrod will be home from Syracuse for the whole weekend. Our poor little bug!
Jan 21, 2010
Some motivation
I haven't been good so far with my eating and exercising to lose weight. Especially with Jarrod traveling so much. I tend to eat ok for my meals (like I'll buy turkey or ground chicken, which we don't tend to eat much of if Jarrod's here) but it's the snacking that gets the best of me when he's not around. I just feel like snacking all the time! But, I've been inspired!
My parents and Megan all started going to the gym. Megan has been going for a while. She might take a "break" every once in a while, but for the most part, she does well with her exercising. When the weathers nice, my mom would go for walks or bike rides. I'm glad she's getting back into the routine of working out and going to the gym, too. My dad, though, is the inspiration. (Hi, Dad!)
We've all been on him to take better care of himself. He's making us all proud. Today when I talked to him, he told me he's lost 11 pounds. But, what surprises me even more was when he told me what he ate today. Oatmeal....yogurt...I don't know if I've ever seen my dad eat either of those. I'm proud of you all! You've got me motivated. :)
I know if I post here about my journey, you'll get me on track. My goal is to lose 15 pounds. I want to get to my pre-baby weight finally. And I'm going to do it with your help! Starting today! :)
Jan 20, 2010
Jan 19, 2010
Gavin's favorite books
Even though he has so many books, every night before bed, when I tell him to pick out some books to read, he picks the same books! I try to pick something different, but while I'm in the middle of reading a new book, he always gets up to grab one of these and starts reading it himself.
This is what he calls his "Pooh" book. He really loves the page about the shapes, and searches for the circle immediately. There's also a page with different shoes for the different characters, and he loves that page.
His "Monny" book! (That's Barney in Gavin-ese) This book has taught him so much. The first page have a bunch of different farm animals. He finds the animals when I say them, and then tells me what they say. There is an aquarium page, which has taught him the word 'octopus' or 'ahhh-pus.' I really like the ABC page. There are animals hidden under each letter of the alphabet. He's learning the alphabet, and can find certain animals if I say the letter. Plus, he knows new animal names, such as 'newt' and ' yak.'
"Peek-a-boo!" Gavin loves the book Angie bought him. So much so that one of the pages no longer has the red ball flap, and the page with the curtains is about to be ripped out, too. He loves lift-the-flap books.
This is the book that Gavin calls "Up." Mama bought him this book because the photos of the dogs were so cute. He laughs at the silly dogs, and he knows when we get to the page with 'down' and 'up.' He loves shouting 'up!' after I say 'down.'
Gavin grabs this book off the shelf and says, 'Night Night!' This book was a gift from Heidi and it's so cute to read before bed. Each page says good morning to a certain animal and then Gavin opens the flap and we say good night to them. The last page is a little girl. When Gavin opens the flap, he put her blanket on her and says, 'night night!' and sometimes blows her a kiss.
I think Gavin likes this book because he gets to point to all the things he knows. There are many different theme pages. Food, colors, body parts, family members.... I started out pointing to the photos and saying the words. Now, I can just say most of the words and he points to them. :)
Jan 17, 2010
Busy, Busy, Busy
Jan 16, 2010
Such a big helper
I love how observant Gavin is. He is always watching us and trying to imitate us. I love how his little brain works, and that look in his eye when you can tell his gears are turning. With that being said, I thought this was adorable the first time he did it. I had to sprint out to the dining room to grab the camera so I could get it on video. When Jarrod got home, I couldn't wait to show him. He's so smart! He's such a big boy! We were so proud of him!!!
And then, the next day came, and he wanted to do it again....and again....and again. It wasn't so cute anymore. He throws a tantrum when I tell him no. I know he feels like he's doing something so important and he's proud of himself, but I try to tell him he's going to make Shirley sick if he keeps feeding her. He doesn't know how to unlatch the bin of dog food; he actually takes the whole lid off. So, I got packing tape out and put a piece on both sides. Ummm.....he figured it out and took the tape off. I'm afraid he's going to knock the whole bin over and there will be dog food all over our closet! The mug in the video has already been broken and replaced with a plastic cup. Oh, the joys of toddlerhood. :)
Jan 15, 2010
Play time with Evan
Jan 14, 2010
Just in case you're curious....
Jan 13, 2010
Jan 12, 2010
Tastefully Simple Anniversary Event
My Mystery Host Anniversary Event is taking place now through January 22, and YOU are invited! Here's how it works. You must CALL or EMAIL me your order. Orders placed at my website will not be counted toward this event. Everyone that orders will earn at least one ticket. A name will be drawn on January 23 to be named the Host of the event and will win all the rewards that you would have earned if this had been your party. Here's how to earn tickets:
~Place an order, get 1 ticket.
~Place an order of $50 or more (before shipping), get 2 tickets.
~If you refer someone to me to place an order, host a party, or become a consultant during this event, you'll earn 5 tickets! They just have to give me your name :)
~Pick a party date of your own (or agree to host an online catalog party) and you'll earn 10 tickets!
On top of that, you'll have a chance to get some FREE PRODUCTS!
~Check out our new slow cooker sauces!!! Buy all 3, and you'll get a FREE mini Garlic Garlic (1.05 oz. jar)!
~Order a combination of Bountiful Beer Bread (or Savory Wheat Beer Bread), any soup, and any dessert and you'll get a FREE Itty Garlic Garlic (2 Tbsp packet). Turn your bread into the perfect garlic bread instantly!
~Order any drink and receive a FREE Itty Bitty Chai (an individual serving of our Oh My! Chair, which can also be stirred into a tub of Cool Whip to make an awesome dessert topping!)
Lastly, here's an awesome dessert to try! Enjoy!
Oh My! White Chocolate Chai Popcorn
3 (35oz) bags microwave buttered popcorn
2 (6oz) boxes of Baker's white chocolate
2 scoops Oh My! Chai
Pop popcorn as directed in the microwave. Spread popped corn on greased baking sheet. Melt white chocolate as directed on package. Stir in Oh My! Chai. Pour chocolate mixture evenly over popcorn; stir gently to coat. Let stand until set. Break apart and enjoy!
If you have any questions, just ask! Happy Anniversary to ME! And Happy Shopping to YOU! :)
Jan 11, 2010
Why I blog and a Winter Wonderland
Ok....enough of the sentimental stuff. On to the winter wonderland that is Rochester these days. Seriously, winter here is unlike anything I've ever experienced before. I remember visiting last winter and being so amazed. It's so normal here that I know some people probably thought I was crazy when they saw me walking around yesterday taking pictures. But, it's so gorgeous and I wanted to share it with all my Ohio family and friends. Here are some of my favorites. I know there are a lot....but it was so hard to choose!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Shirlees Fitness Club, Inc. filed as a Articles of Incorporation in the State of California on Thursday, December 22, 2011 and is approximately four years old, according to public records filed with California Secretary of State. The filing is currently active as of the last data refresh which occured on Sunday, June 22, 2014.
Gary Peterson serves as the President Gary's past corporate affiliations include The Spa, Inc., Balboa Bay Tanning Clubs, Inc.
Gary J. Peterson is also the registered agent for the company. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Shirlees Fitness Club, Inc.
Gary J. Peterson
|Filing Type:
|Articles of Incorporation
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Thursday, December 22, 2011
|Registered Agent
|Gary J. Peterson
Comprehensive Insight Plus Report
|Learn More
|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Shirlees Fitness Club, Inc. combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
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|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Shirlees Fitness Club, Inc..


text:
Eight year old Martin Richard from Dorchester, Massachusetts (pictured above on Facebook) was among three people who died after the first of two explosions ripped into spectators watching the Boston Marathon Monday, April 15. Martin's mother Denise – who has undergone brain surgery – and his 6 year old sister Jane – who lost a leg – were among the 176 injured when the two bombs filled with BBs and ball bearings packed in pressure cookers in backpacks exploded in trash cans during the last stretch of the race. Martin, Denise, Jane and older brother Henry, 12, who escaped injury, were there to watch father Bill cross the finish line.(Martin Richard, right, with father Bill, mother Denise, sister Jane, 6, and older brother Henry, 12, in Facebook photo)
As if the explosions weren't horrific enough, believed to be the worst act best place to buy viagra online of terrorism on US soil since Sept. 11, 2001, the last mile of the Boston Marathon was dedicated to the victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, as Congress considers gun control restrictions on Thursday. The Atlantic reported:
Boston Athletic Association president Joanne Flaminio said before the race that had a "special significance" because it was 26.2 miles long and there was 26 victims in the Newtown attack. There was also a group of Newtown parents running as part of a group called Team Newtown Strong who were raising money for local charities. A banner honoring the victims, hung at the end of the 26th mile, can be seen in the photo above.
"In the first twenty miles we're honoring the twenty Sandy Hook first graders," Laura Nowacki, a spokesperson for Newtown Strong, explained to WBUR Boston. "When we crest Heartbreak Hill, and we're coming back towards Boston, we run the final six for our six fallen educators, including their lives, to protect our children."
There was a 26-second moment of silence for the victims before the race started.
Update, 4:07 p.m. Eastern: Newtown families were reportedly seated in the VIP section right by where the explosions went off. There's no word whether they are among the 23 injured and two dead from the explosions. Click here for updates.
The FBI has taken over the investigation. As of yet, there have been no arrests and it is not known if this is a foreign or domestic act of terrorism. Boston Police are asking any eye witnesses or anyone with cameras or information to contact them with any details - 1-800-494-TIPS and the FBI is also asking that anyone with information call 1-800-CALL-FBI. Angelinos were concerned, too, with some having friends at the marathon. The woman in black with her kids in the photo above is a close friend of videographer/director Renee Sotile of Traipsing Thru Films, who (with her wife Mary Jo Godges) works with me at LGBT POV and at Frontiers.
President Obama has ordered American flags flown at half-mast over government buildings in honor of the victims.


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ALBANY - The appointment of Minerva boat builder Peter Hornbeck to the Adirondack Park Agency Board of Commissioners is barely surviving in the state Senate this week as it appears Gov. David Paterson's pending choice lacks the necessary votes to move forward.
State Sen. Betty Little and several of her GOP counterparts have argued that because Hornbeck sits on the board of directors for Protect the Adirondacks - an environmental group currently suing the APA - his appointment as a commissioner would represent a conflict of interest.
Little said Thursday her argument appears to have resonated with fellow senators from both parties.
"The Finance Committee informed the governor that they do not have the votes to move his nomination out of finance," Little said. "Because of that, I believe the nomination will not go forward."
Protect the Adirondacks is suing the APA for its decision last fall not to classify the waters of Lows Lake as Wilderness.
Last week, the appointment of Hornbeck was approved in the Senate Environmental Conservation Committee and his appointment was slated to reach the Finance Committee in the coming months.
Little said she's been told that support for the gubernatorial nomination is waning and there simply aren't enough votes in support of Hornbeck's selection to survive the Finance Committee.
Jason Koppel, chief of staff to Senate Finance Committee Chairman Carl Kruger, said this week that Paterson's choice of Hornbeck is undergoing an in-depth review following the conflict of interest claims.
Koppel stressed the appointment is still under review and not officially defeated. He also noted that finance has hundreds of appointments on its docket and the approval process is backlogged several months.
On Tuesday, finance approved 24 appointments, some dating back as far as April 2009.
Little and some local governments have blasted the governor's choice of Hornbeck, claiming it unfairly tilts the board of commissioners toward extreme preservation.
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(07/16/2012) Recently, Jessica O. Matthews and Julia Silverman, both Harvard graduates, were awarded Harvard Foundation's Scientists of the Year award for their invention of a soccer ball that converts kinetic energy to electricity. The two women, who were both social science majors, came up with the idea when they were taking an engineering class for non-majors and were required to create a project that would address a social problem.
Oil exploration approved in Africa's oldest park, Virunga National Park
(03/19/2012) Permits for controversial oil exploration in Virunga National Park have been released after request by NGO Global Witness. Oil company, SOCO International, has confirmed it has received two permits to undertake preliminary exploration, including seismic tests, in the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Virunga is famous for its population of the Critically Endangered mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei).
Taking corporate sustainability seriously means changing business culture
(08/11/2011) As more and more people demand companies to become sustainable and environmentally conscious, many corporations are at a loss of how to begin making the changes necessary. If they attempt to make changes—but fall short or focus poorly—they risk their actions being labeled as 'greenwash'. In addition, if they implement smart changes and self-regulations, but their employees don't buy-in to the process, all their investments will be for nothing. This is where Accountability Now, a young, fresh social responsibility agency, comes in. Clare Raybould, director of Accountability Now, believes companies—large and small—have the potential to change the world for the better, but they simply need a guiding hand to change not just the way a company works, but its culture.
Shipping firm pledges to disconnect itself from rainforest destruction
(05/25/2011) The Danish shipping giant Maersk pledged this week to stop purchasing containers with floors made from uncertified tropical hardwood, reports Deutsche Welle press. In an effort to reduce illegal logging and combat climate change, the company will be turning to recycled plastic, bamboo, and tropical wood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) for its flooring. The Copenhagen-based firm is the first cargo company to transition to 'green containers' as part of a sustainable business strategy.
Nobel laureates: 'we are transgressing planetary boundaries that have kept civilization safe for the past 10,000 years'
(05/23/2011) Last week the 3rd Nobel Laureates Symposium on Global Sustainability concluded with participants—including 17 past Nobel Prize winners and 40 other experts—crafting and signing the Stockholm Memorandum. The document calls for emergency actions to tackle human pressures on the Earth's environment while ensuring a more equitable and just world.
Sustainability takes only cents
(03/30/2011) Real economic global results from decoupling economic growth from unsustainable natural resource management and inefficient industrial processes are the central themes of Cents and Sustainability. Implementing wealth creation strategies at the local, national, and international level is the primary economic theme, or modus operandi, of the 21st Century, as opposed to 20th Century wealth appropriation strategies. This begets the question do concrete auditable examples of wealth creation while sustainably managing natural resources at the national level exist?
Clean energy investments rise 630% in 7 years
(03/29/2011) According to a report by the US Pew Environment Group global clean energy investments, which do not include nuclear power, jumped 630% since 2004. The report detailing 2010 clean energy investments found that China remains the global leader in clean energy, while the US fell from 2nd to 3rd. This is the second year in a row that the US fell: in 2009 it lost first place to China. In all $243 billion were invested in clean energy in 2010.
Environmental sustainability—the new economic bottom line
(03/28/2011) That's the message in Accounting for Sustainability: Practical Insights. The book represents the compilation of a five-year project—nicknamed "A4S"—sponsored by Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, that examined the feasibility of factoring industries' impact on the environment into their economic spread sheets. Using case studies and interviews with leaders at major accounting firms, Accounting For Sustainability documents the bond between capitalism and environmental capital.
New organization seeks to make biofuels sustainable, but is it possible?
(03/24/2011) Not too long ago policy-makers, scientists, and environmentalists saw biofuels as a significant tool to provide sustainable energy to the world. However, as it became clear that biofuels were not only connected to deforestation, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions (sometimes exceeding fossil fuels), but also competed with the global food supply and water sources, biofuels no longer seemed like a silver bullet, but a new problem facing the environment and the poor. Still, biofuels have persisted not so much due to perceived environmental benefits, but to entrenched interests by the big agricultural industry, lobbyists, and governments. However, the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB) hopes to begin certifying environmentally friendly biofuels that don't compete with food production or water sources.
Is Obama's clean energy revolution possible?
(01/26/2011) Last night US President Barack Obama called for a massive green energy make-over of the world's largest economy. Describing the challenge as 'this generation's Sputnik moment' the US president set a goal of producing 80 percent of America's energy by clean sources by 2035. While this may sound improbable, two recent analyses back the president up, arguing that a global clean energy revolution is entirely possible within a few decades using contemporary technology and without breaking the bank. "Based on our findings, there are no technological or economic barriers to converting the entire world to clean, renewable energy sources," Mark Z. Jacobson, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford said in a press release. "It is a question of whether we have the societal and political will."
US elects barrage of climate change deniers, threatening support for green energy
(11/03/2010) The US midterm election, which won Republicans the House but safeguarded the Senate for Democrats, has brought in a number of self-proclaimed climate change deniers, ending any likelihood that an energy bill will be passed over the next two years and essentially stumbling the White House's strategy on climate change. Newly elected Republican Senators Rand Paul of Kentucky and Marc Rubio of Florida, both members of the nascent Tea Party, have stated they do not believe in climate change despite that scientists overwhelming agree the Earth is warming due to human impacts.
Can 'boutique capitalism' help protect the Amazon?
(10/11/2010) Most companies talk green, but few—almost none in fact—actually walk the walk. Sustainable design company, Ecostasy, not only walks the walk, but actually seeks out among the most challenging places to work: the imperiled Brazilian Amazon. Specializing in hand-crafted products by indigenous groups—such as jewelry, pots, and furniture—Ecostasy seeks to balance smart economics, environmental protection, and community development. Make no mistake, however, Ecostasy is not a non-profit, but a rare and refreshing example of a company truly dedicated to changing the world for the better. "In my mind, a virtuous company does not compromise ethical principles for economic interests. For me, being ethical is comprised of conducting oneself with honesty and responsibility to one's constituencies (customers, employees, suppliers), society and the environment," Katherine Ponte, founder of Ecostasy, told mongabay.com in an interview.
Paying for nature: putting a price on 'ecosystem services'
(07/12/2010) Ever since humans entered the stage, nature has been providing us with a wide-variety of essential and 'free' services: food production, pollination, soil health, water filtration, and carbon sequestration to name a few. Experts have come to call these 'ecosystem services'. Such services, although vital for an inhabitable planet, have largely gone undervalued in the industrial age, at least officially. Yet as environmental crises pile one on another across the world, a growing number of scientists, economists, environmentalists, and policy-makers are beginning to consider putting a monetary value on 'ecosystem services'.
Big compromise reached on Canada's Boreal by environmental groups and forestry industry
(05/19/2010) In what is being heralded as the 'world's largest conservation agreement' 20 Canadian forestry companies and nine environmental organizations have announced an agreement covering 72 million hectares of the Canadian boreal forest (an area bigger than France). Reaching a major compromise, the agreement essentially ends a long battle between several environmental groups and the companies signing on, all members of the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC).
Nestle caves to activist pressure on palm oil
(05/17/2010) After a two month campaign against Nestle for its use of palm oil linked to rainforest destruction spearheaded by Greenpeace, the food giant has given in to activists' demands. The Swiss-based company announced today in Malaysia that it will partner with the Forest Trust, an international non-profit organization, to rid its supply chain of any sources involved in the destruction of rainforests. "Nestle's actions will focus on the systematic identification and exclusion of companies owning or managing high risk plantations or farms linked to deforestation," a press release from the company reads, adding that "Nestle wants to ensure that its products have no deforestation footprint."
How that cork in your wine bottle helps forests and biodiversity, an interview with Patrick Spencer
(03/01/2010) Next time you're in the supermarket looking to buy a nice bottle of wine: think cork. Although it's not widely known, the cork industry is helping to sustain one of the world's most biodiverse forests, including a number of endangered species such as the Iberian lynx and the Barbary deer. Spreading across 6.6 million acres in southern Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy) and northern Africa (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia) oak cork trees Quercus suber are actually preserved and protected by the industry.
Profit of biggest companies would be cut by a third if forced to pay for environmental damage from operations
(02/19/2010) Profits of the world's 3,000 largest companies would be cut by $2.2 trillion per year if they were forced to pay for environmental damage from their operations, according to an upcoming U.N. report detailed by The Guardian. The study, conducted by Trucost, a consultancy, and scheduled to be released this summer, estimates that pollution and degradation of natural resources by the world's 3,000 largest companies amount to six to seven percent of total revenue, or roughly one-third of profits.
Consumers fail at identifying green companies
(02/17/2010) An article today in New Scientist shows that American consumers have a difficult time correctly identifying green companies, often confusing 'greenwashing' for true green credentials or not bestowing enough credit where credit is truly due. By combining data from Earthsense, which polled 30,000 Americans about on their views of 'green' companies, and Trucost which assesses companies global environmental impact, New Scientist was able to discover just how confused American consumers are when it comes to identifying 'green'.
Could special bonds fund the green revolution and stabilize the climate?
(02/02/2010) There is no question that governments around the world are moving slowly and sluggishly to combat climate change, especially when placed against the measures recommended by climate scientists. Only a handful of nations have actually cut overall greenhouse gas emissions, and the past couple decades have seen emissions rise rapidly worldwide as nations like India and China industrialize while Brazil and Indonesia continue massive deforestation. Global temperatures are rising in concert (though with natural fluctuations): the past decade is the warmest on record. After the failure of Copenhagen this past December to produce an ambitious and binding treaty, many are wondering if the world will ever address the threat of climate change or if future generations are set to live in a world far different—and more volatile—than the one we currently enjoy.
China leaves US (and Europe) in the dust on renewable energy
(02/01/2010) This year China has become the world's largest manufacturer of solar panels and wind turbines, doubling its wind capacity since 2005. The economically booming nation—and the world's most populous—has also invested heavily in nuclear power and the world's most efficient coal plants, according to the New York Times.
New rating systems seeks to promote sustainable landscapes from shopping malls to city parks
(11/15/2009) The Sustainable Sites Initiative has developed the United States' first rating system for the design, construction, and on-going maintenance of a wide-variety of landscapes, both with and without buildings, including shopping malls, subdivisions, university campuses, corporate buildings, transportation centers, parks and other recreation areas, and single-family homes.
Disney commits $4 million to rainforest conservation in the Amazon, Congo
(11/03/2009) The Walt Disney Company will invest $7 million in forest conservation projects in the U.S., the Congo Basin, and the Amazon in an effort to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.
Business and conservation groups team up to conserve and better manage US's southern forests
(10/15/2009) A new project entitled Carbon Canopy brings together multiple stakeholders—from big business to conservation organizations to private landowners—in order to protect and better manage the United State's southern forests. The program intends to employ the emerging US forest carbon market to pay private forest owners for conservation and restoration efforts while making certain that all forest-use practices subscribes to the standards of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
Brazilian beef giants agree to moratorium on Amazon deforestation
(10/07/2009) Four of the world's largest cattle producers and traders have agreed to a moratorium on buying cattle from newly deforested areas in the Amazon rainforest, reports Greenpeace.
Could agroforestry solve the biodiversity crisis and address poverty?, an interview with Shonil Bhagwat
(09/24/2009) With the world facing a variety of crises: climate change, food shortages, extreme poverty, and biodiversity loss, researchers are looking at ways to address more than one issue at once by revolutionizing sectors of society. One of the ideas is a transformation of agricultural practices from intensive chemical-dependent crops to mixing agriculture and forest, while relying on organic methods. The latter is known as agroforestry or land sharing—balancing the crop yields with biodiversity. Shonil Bhagwat, Director of MSc in Biodiversity, Conservation and Management at the School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford, believes this philosophy could help the world tackle some of its biggest problems.
Fashion labels drop APP after party highlights the plight of Indonesian forests
(09/21/2009) The fashion world has been rocked: not by the newest designer or the most shocking outfit, but by the continuing destruction of forests in Indonesia. On September 15th, the Rainforest Action Network (RAN) helped open New York City's styling Fashion Week with a party to encourage fashion designers to take a closer look at the paper bags they give customers.
Concerns over deforestation may drive new approach to cattle ranching in the Amazon
(09/08/2009) While you're browsing the mall for running shoes, the Amazon rainforest is probably the farthest thing from your mind. Perhaps it shouldn't be. The globalization of commodity supply chains has created links between consumer products and distant ecosystems like the Amazon. Shoes sold in downtown Manhattan may have been assembled in Vietnam using leather supplied from a Brazilian processor that subcontracted to a rancher in the Amazon. But while demand for these products is currently driving environmental degradation, this connection may also hold the key to slowing the destruction of Earth's largest rainforest.
Retailers Costco and Amazon.com flunk sustainable paper use, WalMart and Target fare little better
(08/27/2009) Every year forests are destroyed for the production of paper: habitat is lost, greenhouse gases are released, species are impacted, and fresh water sources damaged. Some companies have begun to move towards more sustainable paper production, seeking paper sources stamped by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and increasing the use of recycled paper, however other companies in the industry have yet to change their way. The 3rd annual report card conducted by Dogwood Alliance and Forest Ethics focuses both on the companies who continue to make progress toward sustainable paper production—and those who don't.
Little hydroelectric dams become all the rage, but do they harm the environment?
(08/23/2009) Looking for a way to create energy that doesn't contribute to climate change and avoid the usual opposition that comes with building large hydroelectric dams, many energy companies are now pursuing constructing small hydroelectric dams in the wilderness, reports the Wall Street Journal.
Nike implements policy to avoid leather produced via Amazon deforestation
(07/22/2009) Nike is working with Greenpeace to ensure its products don't contribute to destruction of the Amazon rainforest, according to statements from the shoe giant and the environmental activist group. The partnership comes after Greenpeace report accused Nike of using leather derived from cattle raised on illegal deforested Amazon land. The report, "Slaughtering the Amazon", also linked other shoemakers to rainforest destruction, including Adidas, Reebok and Timberland.
Clean energy investment moving too slowly to avoid irreversible climate change
(03/04/2009) Stalled clean energy investment due to the current recession makes severe climate change more likely, according to a new report by analysts with New Energy Finance (NEF).
New model uses carbon credits, sustainable palm oil to save Indonesia's rainforests
(02/05/2009) The World Resources Institute (WRI) has launched an innovative avoided deforestation model that aims to deter conversion of Indonesian rainforest for oil palm plantations. The project, dubbed "POTICO" (Palm Oil, TImber, Carbon Offsets), integrates sustainable palm oil, FSC-certified timber, and carbon offsets in order to "divert new oil palm plantations onto degraded lands and bring the forests that were slated for conversion into certified sustainable forestry".
Obama pick supports 'Green Jobs' initiative to rebuild economy
(12/18/2008) President-elect Barack Obama's choice of California congresswoman Hilda Solis to head the Labor Department is a boost to the effort to launch a national "Green Jobs" initiative reports The Wall Street Journal.
Salvage logging offers hope for forests, communities devastated by industrial logging
(12/04/2008) As currently practiced, logging is responsible for large-scale destruction of tropical forests. Logging roads cut deep into pristine rainforests, opening up once remote areas to colonization, subsistence and industrial agriculture, wildlife exploitation, and other forms of development. Timber extraction thins the canopy, damages undergrowth, and tears up soils, reducing biodiversity and leaving forests more vulnerable to fire. Even selective logging is damaging. Nevertheless demand for wood products continues to grow. China is expected to import more than 100 million cubic meters of industrial roundwood by 2010, much of which will go into finished products shipped off to Europe and the United States. As much as 60 percent of this is illicitly sourced. Meanwhile in Brazil domestic hunger for timber is fueling widespread illegal logging of the Amazon rainforest. Armed standoffs between environmental police and people employed by unlicensed operators are increasingly common. Tropical Salvage, a Portland, Oregon-based producer of wood products, is avoiding these issues altogether by taking a different approach to meet demand for products made from high-quality tropical hardwoods. The company salvages wood discarded from building sites, unearthed from mudslides and volcanic sites, and dredged from rivers in Indonesia and turns it into premium wood products. In the process, Tropical Salvage is putting formers loggers to work and supporting a conservation, education and reforestation project on Java.
HSBC to cut lending to questionable oil palm and logging companies
(12/02/2008) HSBC will cut lending to oil palm developers and logging companies in Malaysia and Indonesia due to environmental concerns, reports Reuters.
Coca-Cola announces water conservation goal
(10/30/2008) Coca-Cola Company has pledged to a 20 percent improvement in water efficiency over 2004 levels in its worldwide operations by 2012, saving some 50 billion liters of fresh water over projected use that year, reports WWF, which negotiated the agreement.
Shell, HSBC put $665,000 toward Borneo rainforest conservation project
(10/26/2008) Brunei Shell Petroleum (Shell Oil) and HSBC have donated 500,000 Brunei dollars ($333,000) each to conserve forests on the island of Borneo, reports the Borneo Bulletin.
Green New Deal will spark global economy, create jobs
(10/22/2008) A "Global Green New Deal" that focuses the world economy "towards investments in clean technologies and 'natural' infrastructure such as forests and soils is the best bet for real growth, combating climate change and triggering an employment boom," according to a new initiative led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Challenges of starting a green business
(10/20/2008) While green design offers the potential to greatly improve the sustainability of new goods and services without sacrificing performance, developing and bringing such products to market is a challenge, said a panel of innovators from companies using nature as inspiration for new technologies. Speaking at the 2008 Bioneers conference in San Rafael, California, Stephen Dewar of WhalePower, Charles Hamilton of Novomer, and Jay Harman of PAX Scientific told biomimicry expert Jane Benyus that radically new approaches to solving design and engineering problems is often met with skepticism from the existing market.
Company that turns CO2 into eco-friendly plastic gets new CEO
(10/20/2008) Novomer, a firm developing biodegradable plastics using carbon dioxide instead of petroleum as a feedstock, today announced the appointment of Jim Mahoney as its new chief executive officer and the relocation of company headquarters from Ithaca, N.Y. to Boston, Mass.
Financial crisis could pave way for greener economy inspired by nature
(10/20/2008) Biomimicry — the use of nature to inspire design — could serve as a model for a greener economy that rises out of the ashes of the financial crisis, said experts meeting at a sustainability conference in the San Francisco Bay Area. Speaking at the three-day Bioneers conference in San Rafael, Janine Benyus, a leading voice in the emerging field of biomimicry, said that nature offers lessons that can be applied to build better and more sustainable products and services as well as economic models.
Group takes 'venture capital' approach to conservation
(09/16/2008) An innovative group is using a venture capital model to save some of the world's most endangered species, while at the same time working to ensure that local communities benefit from conservation efforts. The Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN), an organization based in Los Altos, California, works to protect threatened species by focusing on what it terms 'conservation entrepreneurs' -- people who are passionate about saving wildlife and have creative ideas for dong so.
Prince Charles says hedge funds could save rainforests
(09/11/2008) Prince Charles renewed his call to protect rainforests for the services they provide humanity. Speaking Wednesday at a black-tie dinner in London, Charles compared the need to protect forests to fighting a war.
Big computer makers pitch energy efficiency to sell more services, equipment
(09/09/2008) Tech giants are using high power costs to market new energy efficiency computers to large corporate data centers, reports the Wall Street Journal.
Ghana becomes first country to sign sustainable timber pact with the E.U.
(09/04/2008) The European Union has signed a sustainable forestry deal with Ghana that would stop imports of illegally-harvested timber from the West African nation, according to a statement released by the European Forest Institute. The agreement comes under the European Commission's 2003 Action Plan on Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT), which seeks to address illicit timber imports. The regulation requires chain-of-custody documentation for timber to be imported into the E.U.
PG&E will build the world's largest solar power plant
(08/15/2008) California electricity producer PG&E Thursday announced a plan to build two giant solar photovoltaic power plants that will cover 12.5 square miles and have a peak generating capacity of 800 megawatts.
"Turtle carbon" could help protect rainforests and save endangered sea turtles
(08/12/2008) Using carbon credits to promote rainforest conservation could help protect endangered sea turtles in some parts of the world, argues a carbon finance expert.
Shift from poverty-driven to industry-driven deforestation may help conservation
(08/06/2008) A shift from poverty-driven deforestation to industry-driven deforestation in the tropics may offer new opportunities for forest conservation, argues a new paper published in the journal Trends in Evolution & Ecology.
Corporations become prime driver of deforestation, providing clear target for environmentalists
(08/05/2008) The major drivers of tropical deforestation have changed in recent decades. According to a forthcoming article, deforestation has shifted from poverty-driven subsistence farming to major corporations razing forests for large-scale projects in mining, logging, oil and gas development, and agriculture. While this change makes many scientists and conservationists uneasy, it may allow for more effective action against deforestation. Rhett A. Butler of Mongabay.com, a leading environmental science website focusing on tropical forests, and William F. Laurance of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama believe that the shift to deforestation by large corporations gives environmentalists and concerned governments a clear, identifiable target that may prove more responsive to environmental concerns.
Gore launches second campaign... for Earth
(07/17/2008) In a speech Thursday, Al Gore challenged the U.S. to generate 100 percent of its electricity from zero carbon emission sources within 10 years. Speaking at Washington's Constitution Hall, Gore said America's security, environmental and economic crises are all related, and that measures to rein in greenhouse gas emissions will make the U.S. stronger, safer, and cleaner. "The survival of the United States of America as we know it is at risk," Gore said. "I don't remember a time in our country when so many things seemed to be going so wrong simultaneously."
Wal-Mart to ban sales of wood products from threatened rainforests
(07/14/2008) Wal-Mart, America's biggest retailer, has joined an initiative to conserve the world's most valuable and threatened forests.
Amazon soy moratorium extended; may be expanded to other products
(06/23/2008) Soy crushers operating in the Brazilian Amazon have extended a two-year-old moratorium on the purchase of soybeans produced on rainforest lands deforested after 2006, reports Reuters.
The green movement has to become a rainbow-colored movement in order to be successful
(06/23/2008) Van Jones, a social and environmental activist, believes a greener economy not only could save the planet, but also must provide pathways out of poverty for America's disadvantaged communities. A civil rights lawyer from Yale University, Jones started promoting the idea of "green-collar jobs" in 2005 through the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights in Oakland, California. In September 2007, he launched the "Green for All" campaign. Jones recently took time to share his perspectives with Mongabay.com.
Big Farms Can Make the Leap to Organic Farming, Study Suggests
(06/04/2008) Large fruit and vegetable growers can adopt the methods of small-scale organic farms while maintaining crop yields, keeping pests in check, and improving the health of their soil, researchers report in the July 2008 issue of Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
Future cities will be more like ecosystems that enrich society and the environment
(05/28/2008) As The World Science Festival continues in New York this week, specialists in vastly diverse fields across scientific disciplines are coming together to talk about ideas, problems and solutions. From Astronomy to Bioacoustics, the dialogues about challenges and opportunities are rich and inspiring. At the front of this year's festival rests the issue of sustainability and how scientists, specialists and society will address the imminent environmental and economic trials we are sure to face in a rapidly changing and uncertain world.
The FSC responds to its critics
(04/07/2008) Last month, Mongabay.com reported on recent and various criticisms of the FSC (the Forest Stewardship Council). The FSC is an international organization that certifies forest products which, according to their standards, have been harvested in an environmentally-sustainable and socially-responsible manner. Response to the article was significant. It was picked up by the Ecological Internet's email campaign and was mentioned on numerous environmental web sites and blogs. At the time of the publication, the FSC had not responded to requests for comments. But in the following interview, FSC International Communications Manager Nina Haase answers each criticism separately and addresses several other issues, such as the FSC and climate change, the organization's monitoring capabilities, and its adaptation to new environmental concerns. Ultimately she responds to the big question raised by critics: is the FSC stamp still credible?
Wal-Mart pushes for greener manufacturing in China
(04/07/2008) Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, will hold a meeting of around 1,000 of its Chinese suppliers in an effort to reduce its environmental impact, said Lee Scott, Wal-Mart's CEO, in an interview with the Financial Times.
Investing to save rainforests
(04/02/2008) Last week London-based Canopy Capital, a private equity firm, announced a historic deal to preserve the rainforest of Iwokrama, a 371,000-hectare reserve in the South American country of Guyana. In exchange for funding a "significant" part of Iwokrama's $1.2 million research and conservation program on an ongoing basis, Canopy Capital secured the right to develop value for environmental services provided by the reserve. Essentially the financial firm has bet that the services generated by a living rainforest — including rainfall generation, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance and carbon storage — will eventually be valuable in international markets. Hylton Murray-Philipson, director of Canopy Capital, says the agreement — which returns 80 percent of the proceeds to the people of Guyana — could set the stage for an era where forest conservation is driven by the pursuit of profit rather than overt altruistic concerns.
Private equity firm buys rights to ecosystem services of Guyana rainforest
(03/27/2008) A private equity firm has purchased the rights to environmental services generated by 371,000 hectare rainforest reserve in Guyana. Terms of the deal were not disclosed, but the agreement is precedent-setting in that a financial firm is betting that the services generated by a living rainforest — including rainfall generation, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance and water storage — will eventually see compensation in international markets.
Merrill Lynch invests $9M in rainforest conservation, expects profit
(03/12/2008) Merrill Lynch's investment in a rainforest conservation project in the Indonesian province of Aceh is worth $9 million over four years, reports Thomas Wright of The Wall Street Journal.
New review system helps companies adapt to ecosystem degradation
(03/11/2008) A new accountability initiative will help companies factor ecosystem degradation into their business decisions.
Private sector pumping hundreds of billions into cleantech
(02/21/2008) The private sector is "pumping hundreds of billions of dollars" into cleaner and renewable energies, says a new publication released yesterday by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Nike to launch "green" eco-shoe
(02/15/2008) When Nike unveils the $185 Air Jordan XX3 this weekend at the NBA All-Star Game festivities this weekend, it will be the culmination of a company-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact of its footwear manufacturing, according to The Wall Street Journal.
REDD will fail if needs of forest communities aren't addressed
(12/07/2007) Initiatives to reduce emissions by reducing tropical deforestation (REDD) will fail unless policymakers adequately address the underlying drivers of forest degradation and destruction, argues a new report published by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
Merrill Lynch announces carbon credits-for-forest conservation partnership
(12/06/2007) Merrill Lynch is working with Carbon conservation, an ecosystem services firms, to explore opportunities in avoided deforestation and integrated sustainable land management. The partnership was announced Thursday in Bali, Indonesia, where more than 10,000 policymakers, scientists, and activists are meeting to discuss a post-Kyoto framework on limiting climate change.
Google aims to make renewable energy sources cheaper than coal
(11/28/2007) Tuesday Google announced an initiative to develop electricity from renewable energy sources that will be cheaper than electricity produced from coal.
Video game-makers score low on sustainability
(11/27/2007) While environmentalists, scientists, development exports, and policymakers across the political spectrum are ethusiastic about the idea of offsetting carbon emissions by preventing deforestation (a concept known as "avoided deforestation" or Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)), the concept still faces many challenges, especially in implementation.
Subway sandwiches launches first fast-food recycling program
(11/21/2007) Sandwich chain Subway is implementing a recycling program, switching from conventional napkins, cutlery and plastic cups, and reducing gasoline use in an effort to minimize its impact on the environment, according to a report published in The Wall Street Journal.
Governors announce energy efficiency push for computing
(11/07/2007) The National Governors Association (NGA) today announced an innovative clean energy partnership between the NGA Chair's Initiative Securing a Clean Energy Future (SCEF) and the Climate Savers Computing Initiative (CSCI), founded by Google and Intel, to spur deployment of more energy efficient computers and servers in state offices and agencies.
IBM finds recycling can cut solar cell manufacturing costs
(10/30/2007) IBM today announced a silicon wafer recycling system that could help ease the refined silicon shortage that has driven up production costs of solar energy panels.
World's first sustainable tuna fishery certified
(09/09/2007) The world's first certified sustainable tuna fishery was announced today, a move that could help save one of the world's most valuable fish -- and the fishing industry that relies on it -- from extinction.
Big companies push energy efficiency
(09/05/2007) Some of the world's largest companies are pushing green initiatives to improve energy efficiency in office buildings reports the Wall Street Journal.
Guidelines to ensure biofuels production won't hurt the environment
(08/30/2007) Environmentalists have long seen biofuels as a means to improve the sustainability of transportation and energy use since they are a renewable source of energy that can be replenished on an ongoing basis. Further, because biofuels are generally derived from plants, which absorb carbon from the atmosphere as they grow, biofuel production offers the potential to help offset carbon dioxide emissions and mitigate climate change. Nonetheless, in recent years, there has been considerable backlash against biofuels, which are increasingly viewed as a threat to the environment. Green groups now point to large-scale land conversion for energy crops, higher food prices, and a spate to studies that suggest net emissions from corn ethanol are little better than those from fossil fuels, to caution that biofuels can cause more problems than they address.
Business has to lead the Clean Up of the Enviroment
(08/30/2007) Though the next two and-a-bit years will remain in a sort of ecological standstill, the remaining century is going to be the boiling point for earth. Will it crumble in to a roiling mass of disaster or will we finally manage to remove such a deep imprint as we have made over the past 30 years in the next 10.
UPS finds environment a top concern among customers, pushes paperless billing
(08/28/2007) UPS recently surveyed its customers to find out what would make them change billing methods to paperless PDF invoices. Surprisingly, the shipping giant found the primary motivating factor -- cited by 40 percent of those polled -- was concern for the environment.
Wall Street looks at energy efficiency to boost profits
(08/27/2007) Today the Wall Street Journal featured a special section on energy efficiency. The paper reports that business is increasingly looking at reducing energy use as a way to improve the bottom line.
Sony launches consumer electronics recycling program
(08/17/2007) Sony has launched a recycling program for consumer electronics.
Apple comes up a bit short on eco-credentials of new iMac
(08/10/2007) While Apple has touted the environmental attributes of its newest iMac, critics say the new computer failed to live up to the company's goals for the use of mercury, reports the San Jose Mercury. In May, Apple said it would eventually replace mercury-containing fluorescent backlights in its LCD monitors with LEDs backlights, but the new computers don't use the new technology. The company said it still face technological hurdles in rolling out the new LCDs.
Wal-Mart demand drives "greener" shrimp farms
(07/24/2007) Wal-Mart's demand for sustainably-produced products is driving "greener" production of shrimp in Thailand, reports the Wall Street Journal (WSJ).
Cosmetics retailer announces sustainable palm oil initiative
(07/12/2007) The Body Shop International today introduced a sustainable palm oil initiative, the first for the beauty industry. The company said the move was spurred by growing concerns over the impact of oil palm plantations on biodiversity.
Ford Motor to introduce plug-in hybrids, but lags behind rivals
(07/10/2007) Monday Ford Motor Co. announced a partnership with utility Southern California Edison to test a fleet of plug-in hybrid (PHEV) vehicles in an effort to make the technology more accessible to consumers, reduce petroleum-related emissions and improve the cost-effectiveness of the nation's electricity grid.
McDonald's bolsters eco credentials with recycled biodiesel
(07/09/2007) McDonald's Corp. (Public, NYSE:MCD), the fast-food chain, has bolstered its 'green' credentials by announcing that its UK distribution fleet will be powered by biodiesel made of recycled cooking oil from its restaurants. While the move is expected to save only around 1,675 tons of carbon annually, environmentalists say it sets an important precedent for the parent company and the fast-food industry as a whole.
How to save the world's oceans from overfishing
(07/08/2007) Global fishing stocks are in trouble. After expanding from 18 millions tons in 1950 to around 94 million tons in 2000, annual world fish catch has leveled off and may even be declining. Scientists estimate that the number of large predatory fish in the oceans has fallen by 90 percent since the 1950s, while about one-quarter of the world's fisheries are overexploited, depleted, or recovering from depletion. Despite these dire trends, the situation is changing. Today some of the world's largest environmental groups are focused on addressing the health of marine life and oceans, while sustainable fisheries management is at the top of the agenda for intergovenmental bodies. At the forefront of these efforts is Mike Sutton, director of the Monterey Bay Aquarium's conservation program: the Center for the Future of the Oceans. The aquarium, which has long been recognized as one of the world's most important marine research facilities, is pioneering new strategies for protecting the planet's oceans. Sutton says the approach has four parts: establishing new marine protected areas, pushing for ocean policy reform, promoting sustainable seafood, and protecting wildlife and marine ecosystems.
Home improvement giant bans illegal wood products
(07/08/2007) B&Q, the third largest retailer of home improvement materials, announced that within three years, all Brazilian wood products sold in China would come from certified sources. B&Q has 60 stores in China.
Inflatable concentrators may cut cost of solar below conventional power plants
(07/08/2007) Cool Earth Solar, a Livermore, California-based company developing an innovative way for capturing solar energy, has merged with Radiant Energy, a developer and owner of renewable and clean energy power plants including solar, geothermal, and hydroelectric. Rob Lamkin, CEO of Radiant Energy, says the merger will help ramp up the technology, which uses inflatable solar concentrators to minimize use of refined silicon, a costly ingredient in solar cells. Lamkin says the technology could dramatically reduce the cost solar energy, bringing it below the cost natural gas-fired power plants.
Google to be carbon neutral by year end
(06/20/2007) Google Inc. aims to be carbon neutral by the end of 2007, according to a statement posted on the Official Google Blog. The search giant plans to fight global warming by investing in and using renewable energy sources; reducing energy consumption by maximizing efficiency, and purchasing carbon offsets for the greenhouse gas emissions that it cannot reduce directly.
Amazon.com, eBay rank worst for global warming efforts
(06/20/2007) Amazon.com and eBay rank at the bottom of the list when it comes to reducing their impact on climate, reports a new analysis from Climate Counts, a nonprofit that works to promote responsible climate policy among corporations. Microsoft and Yahoo rank at the top of Internet and software companies rated, while Google is in the middle of the pack.
Google will put $10M towards plug-in hybrid cars
(06/19/2007) Google.org, Google Inc.'s philanthropic arm, today unveiled an initiative to convert hybrid cars to plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), a move that will cut carbon dioxide emissions, reduce oil use, and help stabilize the electrical grid.
Google, Intel seek greener computers
(06/13/2007) Google, Intel, and other tech giants announced an energy efficiency drive develop "greener" computers that use 50 percent less power by 2010. The plan, dubbed the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, seeks to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming..
Google, Microsoft launch energy efficiency initiative
(06/12/2007) Google, Microsoft, and other tech giants announced an energy efficiency drive to reduce computer power consumption by 50 percent by 2010. The scheme, dubbed the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, seeks to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change global warming.
World's largest movement has no leader but 100M employees
(06/11/2007) The world's largest movement has no name, no leader, and no ideology, but may directly involve more than 100 million people, said a green business pioneer.
Can cattle ranchers and soy farmers save the Amazon?
(06/06/2007) John Cain Carter, a Texas rancher who moved to the heart of the Amazon 11 years ago and founded what is perhaps the most innovative organization working in the Amazon, Alianca da Terra, believes the only way to save the Amazon is through the market. Carter says that by giving producers incentives to reduce their impact on the forest, the market can succeed where conservation efforts have failed. What is most remarkable about Alianca's system is that it has the potential to be applied to any commodity anywhere in the world. That means palm oil in Borneo could be certified just as easily as sugar cane in Brazil or sheep in New Zealand. By addressing the supply chain, tracing agricultural products back to the specific fields where they were produced, the system offers perhaps the best market-based solution to combating deforestation. Combining these approaches with large-scale land conservation and scientific research offers what may be the best hope for saving the Amazon.
Globalization could save the Amazon rainforest
(06/03/2007) The Amazon basin is home to the world's largest rainforest, an ecosystem that supports perhaps 30 percent of the world's terrestrial species, stores vast amounts of carbon, and exerts considerable influence on global weather patterns and climate. Few would dispute that it is one of the planet's most important landscapes. Despite its scale, the Amazon is also one of the fastest changing ecosystems, largely as a result of human activities, including deforestation, forest fires, and, increasingly, climate change. Few people understand these impacts better than Dr. Daniel Nepstad, one of the world's foremost experts on the Amazon rainforest. Now head of the Woods Hole Research Center's Amazon program in Belem, Brazil, Nepstad has spent more than 23 years in the Amazon, studying subjects ranging from forest fires and forest management policy to sustainable development. Nepstad says the Amazon is presently at a point unlike any he's ever seen, one where there are unparalleled risks and opportunities. While he's hopeful about some of the trends, he knows the Amazon faces difficult and immediate challenges.
HSBC invests $100M in global warming research
(05/30/2007) HSBC announced Wednesday it would spend $100 million on climate change research. The investment, which will go to the Climate Group, Earthwatch Institute, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and WWF over a five year period, is the largest donation ever made by a British company.
HSBC puts $100 towards global warming research
(05/30/2007) HSBC announced Wednesday it would spend $100 million on climate change research. The investment, which will go to the Climate Group, Earthwatch Institute, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and WWF over a five year period, is the largest donation ever made by a British company.
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The informational meeting will be held in conjunction with the Midtown East Neighborhood Alliance meeting.
The contractor and City Engineer will be attendance at the meeting.For more information about the City of Owensboro, visit us on the web at www.owensboro.org.
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Country representative of the World Bank in Sierra Leone has expressed concerns over what he considered to be the poor quality of ward councillors as a constraint that could hinder the implementation of the development agenda at local level.
Vijay Pillai made this observation yesterday at a policy dialogue forum held between the local government ministry and development partners to brief them on the progress made so far in achieving some of the set goals of the ministry.
"The quality of local councillors is somehow posing a strain on effecting development agendas at the local level," he said. "The ministry needs to look into the issue and make some recommendations in terms of choosing and electing people to hold such positions."
Owing to the fact that most of them are illiterate, the World Bank country representative observed, it is difficult for councillors to properly coordinate development issues with partners.
Reacting to the concern, Local Government Minister, Dauda S. Kamara, said his ministry believes in the rule of law and that all the activities of the ministry are tied to the provisions of the Local Government Act of 2004 which provides for no academic qualification for the position of a ward councillor.
The Act, he said, only provides for an individual to be qualified as a councillor if he or she is a resident of a particular ward but no educational qualification is attached.
He promised to address correspondences to all political parties recommending to them what qualities to be considered before awarding party symbols to people who show interest in vying for certain positions.
"It would be better for councillors to have basic education that would guide them in taking up development challenges," Kamara said. "I will address correspondences to all political parties on the issue."
He reiterated the need for aspirants for key posts, especially Mayors and District Officers, to attain a certain level of academic pursuit to enable them deliver effectively.
Kamara informed development partners that his ministry is on track in its effort to achieve the overall vision of implementing its decentralization policy, the preparation of policies and revision of legislation, improvement of working relationship between local councillors and chiefdom administration, promotion of local economic development, capacity building to generate more revenue at local level and the improvement of basic services.


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Industrial and mineral use and CBNG permits
Figures 8-4 and 8-5 show the distribution of industrial, mineral, and CBNG permits in the WBRB, permits issued before and after 2000, and Tribal Water Engineer (TWE) permits. Most industrial and mineral wells in the WBRB are clustered in rural areas around conventional oil and gas fields (Figure 5-3) and a former uranium mining area in the Gas Hills (Figures 5-7 and 5-9). Industrial developments are mostly located at lower elevations around the perimeter of the basins within Mesozoic and Tertiary outcrop areas. Fewer wells are located within interior areas of the basins in Quaternary and Tertiary outcrop areas. The few CBNG wells in the WBRB are completed in Tertiary Fort Union coal beds in the Wind River Basin and in Cretaceous Mesa Verde coals in the Bighorn Basin.
Permitted industrial and mineral wells
Permitted coalbed natural gas wells
The depth vs. yield tables on Figure 8-4 show that industrial/ mineral groundwater permits have been issued over a range of depths to greater than 1000 feet, with most permitted yields to 500 gpm for both total permits and permits issued since 2000. Approximately half the industrial/mineral–use permits are coded or have no recorded depth, 43 have coded yield information, and none of the TWE data include depth. The depth vs. yield tables on Figure 8-5 show that all the CBNG wells are permitted by the WSEO for 100 gpm and that all but four have no recorded depth. Most of the CBNG permits have been issued since 2000.
View complete Wind/Bighorn Basin Water Plan


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Ephemeral has two definitions.
1. Lasting only one day.
2. Short-lived; transitory.
Although included in the Comedy section of the First Folio, Measure for Measure has been called tragedy, tragicomedy, satire, and allegory by its critics. Scholars have argued that the play is a comedy only by the force of the contrived happy ending. Its theme, characters, and action are tragic, and only the manipulation of the Duke . . . bring the play to a happy conclusion. The eloquent poetic passages on the ephemerality of life and the fear of death's unknown realm are cited as indications of the tragic style.
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Manchester City striker Mario Balotelli has been involved in a car accident in Manchester city centre, police have confirmed.
The 21-year-old, who drives a Bentley, was in collision with another vehicle in Medlock Street, near Deansgate.
Balotelli is understood to have been unhurt in the incident but a passenger from one of the cars was taken to hospital as a precaution.
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2012, All Rights Reserved.


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CHEYENNE - For many hunters, May signifies the unofficial start of the big game hunting season. No big game hunting takes place in May, but it is the month when many residents start making plans for their fall hunting trips.
The Game and Fish has been accepting resident applications online since the first of the year, but the month of May is when the WGFD starts accepting paper applications.
May 31, at 5 p.m.is the deadline date for applications to be included in the drawing. This deadline is applicable for both paper and online applications. For hunters that choose to apply through the mail, the Game and Fish advises hunters that all applications must be received in the Cheyenne office by the deadline date to be entered in the drawing, regardless of the postmark date.
To reduce the uncertainty of mailed applications getting in on time, license manager Jean Cole encourages hunters to use the online process for applying for licenses. "Applying online will insure against potential delays with mail services," Cole said.
Applying online also helps eliminate errors. When a hunter fills out an application field incorrectly, the error or omission is noted on the online application and the hunter must make the correction before proceeding. While the majority of hunters are applying online, hunters who choose to apply by mail are advised to get their applications in early to avoid possible delays. To apply online, hunters need to go to the Game and Fish website by Clicking Here. Currently, more than 80 percent of applications processed are received online.
According to Cole, applying online offers a number of advantages over the mail-in applications. "They can be processed faster and require less manpower," Cole said. "Not only does this represent a significant cost saving for the Game and Fish, it also expedites the timing of the drawings."
In addition, online applicants who apply and then change their mind on area selection can easily go into the Game and Fish website and modify the application any time during the application period.
Hunters should be aware that some areas have changes from previous years. Hunters should carefully examine summary maps to verify season dates and license quotas in effect for 2012. Big game summary maps for elk, deer, and antelope, listing seasons and quotas for 2012, should be available by May 7 at Game and Fish offices and license selling agents. Information on hunting seasons and license quotas should also be available online by the first week of May.
(Contact: Al Langston (307) 777-4540)


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Watch The Hobbit An Unexpected Journey Online Free Putlocker
Watch The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Online Free – Streaming The Hobbit 2012 full Movie on Putlocker.to Megashare This film was so EPIC i am speechless. I went with higher expectations due to the fact Peter Jackson is amazing, but man, they weren't higher Sufficient. I could not see any flaw within this film at all, they do adjust the way some events occurred, but they are information and do not seriously transform the story, truly you are able to inform they have been required..
|The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013)
|Rating: 8.1/10 (303,804 votes)
Director: Peter Jackson
Writer: Fran Walsh (screenplay), Philippa Boyens (screenplay), Peter Jackson (screenplay), Guillermo del Toro (screenplay), J.R.R. Tolkien (novel)
Stars: Ian McKellen, Martin Freeman, Richard Armitage, Ken Stott
Runtime: 161 min
Rated: PG-13
Genre: Adventure, Fantasy
Released: 13 Dec 2013
|Plot: The dwarves, along with Bilbo Baggins and Gandalf the Grey, continue their quest to reclaim Erebor, their homeland, from Smaug. Bilbo Baggins is in possession of a mysterious and magical ring.
Official Trailer
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