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- Integrated Pest Management
Black Widow and Brown Recluse Spiders in Vancouver, BC
Many people have a phobia of biting spiders, including Black Widow and Brown Recluse spiders. While it is natural to not want spiders in our living space, and certainly not on our bodies, while uncomfortable, these venomous spider bites are generally not lethal.
Black Widow Spiders
Black widow spiders prefer to live in dark crevices or corners, and are often found in out buildings, attics and garages. They are nocturnal and only bite when disturbed, so being watchful in places they like to live can help you avoid being bitten.
If you are bitten, your best outcome depends on early detection and treating the bite appropriately. The first sign is acute pain where you were bitten, even though there may not be a noticeable local reaction. As the symptoms worsen you may experience severe muscle cramps, abdominal pain, tremors or weakness. Elderly people and children are especially at risk so be sure not to ignore signs of possible bites. If the person bitten experiences whole body symptoms, seek medical care immediately.
Brown Recluse Spiders
Like the black widow, brown recluse spiders are nocturnal. But unlike black widows, brown recluse spiders move about the house while hunting and are found where spiders typically are not. This might include clothes and bedding. Also different from the black widow is how severe the brown recluse bite can be. Because of the possible severe progression of the bite, you should visit a doctor immediately. The reaction may evolve from a small white blister to the skin becoming hard to the touch, and then developing a deep, painful wound. As with the black widow, elderly and children are most at risk of severe reactions to the brown recluse bit.
If you have a known issue with brown recluse spiders in your Vancouver home or business there are steps you can take to avoid being bitten, including:
- Be mindful to check shoes you haven't worn in a while before putting them on
- Don't leave your clothes on the floor.
- Inspect towels, bedding and clothes before use.
- Don't store things under your bed – including boxes, shoes, etc
- Don't reach behind paintings, furniture or boxes without looking first
- Let light into the room
- Avoid cluttered areas in the house
- For babies & kids, put duck tape around the legs of the bed/crib with the sticking side facing out.
The best way to manage a spider problem and ensure you are not bitten is to hire a Vancouver pest control expert who specializes in Integrated Pest Management.


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News articles on green
Mongabay.com news articles on green in blog format. Updated regularly.
Rainforests need massive finance, but REDD must be well-designed to succeed
(01/17/2012) A proposed mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by protecting tropical forests has evolved considerably since it started to gain momentum during the 2005 climate talks in Montreal. Known then as 'avoided deforestation', the concept was simple: pay tropical forest countries to keep their forests standing. Since then, the concept has broadened to include activities beyond strict forest conservation, including reducing logging and fire, protecting carbon-dense peatlands, encouraging better forest management practices in existing forest concessions, and promoting reforestation and afforestation. A prominent voice in the discussion around REDD since its inception is the environmental activist group Greenpeace. Mongabay recently caught up with Roman Czebiniak, Greenpeace International's Political Advisor on Climate Change and Forests, for an update on the organization's position on REDD as well as recent developments in the forest carbon policy arena.
One company behind U.S.'s top three biggest greenhouse gas emitters
(01/16/2012) The Atlanta-based Southern company owns the top three biggest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. according to recent data released by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Three of Southern's coal-fired plants—two in Georgia and one in Alabama—account for around 64.74 million metric tons of total greenhouse gas emissions, higher than all of Finland's carbon emission in 2008.
Photos: program devoted to world's strangest, most neglected animals celebrates five years
(01/16/2012) What do Attenborough's echidna, the bumblebee bat, and the purple frog have in common? They have all received conservation attention from a unique program by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) called EDGE. Five years old this week, the program focuses on the world's most unique and imperiled animal species or, as they put it, the most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) species. In the past five years the program has achieved notable successes from confirming the existence of long unseen species (Attenborough's echidna) to taking the first photos and video of a number of targeted animals (the purple frog).
Global food prices set record in 2011
(01/16/2012) Last year saw the highest average food prices since recording began in 1990, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Food Price Index. The Food Price Index's average for the year was 228 points, 28 points higher than the past record set in 2008.
Featured video: tuna industry bycatch includes sea turtles, dolphins, whales
(01/16/2012) A Greenpeace video, using footage from a whistleblower, shows disturbing images of the tuna industry operating in the unregulated waters of the Pacific Ocean. Using fish aggregation devices (FADs) and purse seine nets, the industry is not only able to catch entire schools of tuna, including juvenile, but also whatever else is in the area of the net.
Elephant poachers kill unarmed wildlife ranger in Kenya
(01/16/2012) Abdullahi Mohammed, an wildlife ranger, was killed in the line of duty in Kenya this weekend by elephant poachers. A ranger with the conservation organization Wildlife Works, Mohammed was shot by poachers in Wildlife Works Kasigau Corridor project, a REDD program (Reduced Emissions From Deforestation and Degradation).
Beyoncé honored with new horse fly named after her
(01/16/2012) Musical artists, and dancer extraordinare, Beyoncé has been awarded a new honor this week: entomologists in Australia have named a new horse fly after the American singer. The new horse fly, dubbed Scaptia beyonceae, is found in Queensland's Atherton Tablelands.
How much is the life of a whale worth?
(01/16/2012) How do you end a decades-long conflict between culture and conservation? How do you stop a conflict where both sides are dug in? A new paper in Nature proposes a way to end the long and bitter battle over whaling: environmentalists could pay whalers not to whale.
Climate change may make lizards smarter, if they don't go extinct first
(01/12/2012) A new study in Biology Letters has found that warmer temperatures may make lizards smarter, even as past studies have linked a global decline in lizards to climate change.
New frog trumps miniscule fish for title of 'world's smallest vertebrate'
(01/12/2012) How small can you be and still have a spine? Scientists are continually surprised by the answer. Researchers have discovered a new species of frog in Papua New Guinea that is smaller than many insects and dwarfed by a dime. The frog trumps the previously known smallest vertebrate—a tiny fish—by nearly 1 millimeter.
Targeting methane, black carbon could buy world a little time on climate change
(01/12/2012) A new study in Science argues that reducing methane and black carbon emissions would bring global health, agriculture, and climate benefits. While such reductions would not replace the need to reduce CO2 emissions, they could have the result of lowering global temperature by 0.5 degrees Celsius (0.9 degree Fahrenheit) by mid-century, as well as having the added benefits of saving lives and boosting agricultural yields. In addition, the authors contend that dealing with black carbon and methane now would be inexpensive and politically feasible.
Cute animal picture of the day: pygmy killer whale saved after stranding
(01/12/2012) On Tuesday a female pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) was found stranded on Tanjung Aru beach, in the Malaysian state of Sabah on the island of Borneo. After being moved to a swimming enclosure at a local resort for recuperation, the whale was released back into the wild with aid from the Sabah Wildlife Department, marine biologist Lindsay Porter, the local NGO LEAP, and WWF Malaysia.
Indonesia could earn billions from well-designed deforestation-reduction program, finds study
(01/12/2012) Indonesia could have earned $5 billion in revenue and avoided 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions between 2000 and 2005 had a reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) program been in place, reports an assessment published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
Peruvian smugglers traffic illegal rainforest timber from Brazil to America
(01/11/2012) An investigation by Brazil's Federal Police has detailed a significant trade of illegally logged rainforest wood by Peruvian nationals making its way from northern Brazil to the U.S. and Mexico, reports O Globo.
Bycatch-reducing fish trap wins $20,000
(01/11/2012) An innovative fish trap that allows small non-target fish to escape won a new content by RARE Conservation and National Geographic to fund solutions to overfishing. Developed through studies in Curaçao and Kenya with the Wildlife Conservation Society, the trap has gaps for juvenile fish to swim out of reportedly reducing bycatch by 80 percent. The entry won a $20,000 grant.
Borneo's most elusive feline photographed at unexpected elevation
(01/11/2012) Although known to science for 138 years, almost nothing is actually known about the bay cat (Pardofelis badia). This reddish-brown wild feline, endemic to the island of Borneo, has entirely eluded researchers and conservationists. The first photo of the cat wasn't taken until 1998 and the first video was shot just two years ago, but basic information remains lacking. A new camera trap study, however, in the Kelabit Highlands of the Malaysian state of Sarawak has added to the little knowledge we have by photographing a bay cat at never before seen altitudes.
Seals, birds, and alpine plants suffer under climate change
(01/11/2012) The number of species identified by scientists as vulnerable to climate change continues to rise along with the Earth's temperature. Recent studies have found that a warmer world is leading to premature deaths of harp seal pups (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in the Arctic, a decline of some duck species in Canada, shrinking alpine meadows in Europe, and indirect pressure on mountain songbirds and plants in the U.S. Scientists have long known that climate change will upend ecosystems worldwide, creating climate winners and losers, and likely leading to waves of extinction. While the impacts of climate change on polar bears and coral reefs have been well-documented, every year scientists add new species to the list of those already threatened by anthropogenic climate change.
Happy rhino news: no rhinos poached in Nepal last year
(01/10/2012) As rhinos again fell to poachers in record numbers in 2011, there was one bright-spot: Nepal. Not a single rhino was killed by poachers in the Himalayan nation, home to an estimated 534 greater one-horned rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis), categorized as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Conservationists celebrated at Chitwan National Park, which holds the vast majority of the country's rhinos.
Camera traps snap first ever photo of Myanmar snub-nosed monkey
(01/10/2012) In 2010 researchers described a new species of primate that reportedly sneezes when it rains. Unfortunately, the new species was only known from a carcass killed by a local hunter. Now, however, remote camera traps have taken the first ever photo of the elusive, and likely very rare, Myanmar snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri), known to locals as mey nwoah, or 'monkey with an upturned face'. Locals say the monkeys are easy to locate when it rains, because the rain catches on their upturned noses causing them to sneeze.
Photos: scientists find new species at world's deepest undersea vent
(01/10/2012) It sounds like a medieval vision of hell: in pitch darkness, amid blazing heat, rise spewing volcanic vents. But there are no demons and devils down here, instead the deep sea vent, located in the very non-hellish Caribbean sea, is home to a new species of pale shrimp. At 3.1 miles below (5 kilometers) the sea's surface, the Beebe Vent Field south of the Cayman islands, is the deepest yet discovered.
Industrial palm oil production expands at expense of rainforests in Peru
(01/10/2012) Intensive palm oil production is expanding at the expense of biolologically-rich lowland rainforests in the Peruvian Amazon, reports a study published in Environmental Research Letters. The research indicates that enthusiasm for oil palm — one of the world's most lucrative crops — is taking a toll on forests outside of Southeast Asia, where the vast majority of palm oil is produced.
Colonization program remains important driver of deforestation in Brazil
(01/10/2012) Government-subsidized colonization of the Amazon rainforest remains an important driver of forest loss in Brazil, but has mixed economic value, argues a paper published in Biological Conservation.
Extreme mouth-sewing protest in Indonesia leads to logging inquiry
(01/09/2012) A protest in which 28 Indonesian sewed their mouths shut has led to an inquiry into a logging concession on Padang Island. The Ministry of Forestry has formed a mediation team to look into the controversial concession, reports Kompas. Around a hundred natives of Padang Island rallied for weeks against the logging concession held by PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), which covers 37 percent of the island's total land.
As Amazon deforestation falls, food production rises
(01/09/2012) A sharp drop in deforestation has been accompanied by an increase in food production in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, reports a new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The research argues that policy interventions, combined with pressure from environmental groups, have encouraged agricultural expansion in already-deforested areas, rather than driving new forest clearing.
Weird carnivorous flower devours worms underground
(01/09/2012) A worm measuring only a millimeter in length scoots its way through relatively massive grains of white sand. The worm, known as a nematode or roundworm, is seeking lunch in the form of bacteria. Suddenly, however, its journey is interrupted: it is caught on a large green surface. Unable to wiggle free the worm is slowly digested, becoming lunch itself for an innocuous purple flower called Philcoxia minensis.
Animal picture of the day: the pitch-black robin
(01/09/2012) A species of robin with a black head, aptly named the blackthroat (Luscinia obscura), had rarely been seen since its first description in 1891 until last year when researchers located some of the species' breeding grounds. They documented fourteen singing males in the Quingling mountains of its native China.
How lemurs fight climate change
(01/09/2012) Kara Moses may have never become a biologist if not for a coin toss. The coin, which came up heads and decided Moses' direction in college, has led her on a sinuous path from studying lemurs in captivity to environmental writing, and back to lemurs, only this time tracking them in their natural habitat. Her recent research on ruffed lemurs is attracting attention for documenting the seed dispersal capabilities of Critically Endangered ruffed lemurs as well as theorizing connections between Madagascar's lemurs and the carbon storage capacity of its forests. Focusing on the black-and-white ruffed lemur's (Varecia variegata) ecological role as a seed disperser—animals that play a major role in spreading a plant's seeds far-and-wide—Moses suggests that not only do the lemurs disperse key tree species, but they could be instrumental in dispersing big species that store large amounts of carbon.
Critically Endangered Hawaiian monk seals bludgeoned to death
(01/08/2012) To date three Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi), and possibly a fourth mortality under investigation, have been found bludgeoned to death by an as yet undiscovered assailant, reports the Associated Press. Authorities believe the seals may have been killed by local fishermen who fear new regulations meant to save the species from extinction. The seal is currently down to 1,100 individuals.
Photo: Tiny lemur discovered in Madagascar forest
(01/08/2012) A new species of mouse lemur has been discovered in eastern Madagascar, report researchers from Germany. The species is described in a recent issue of the journal Primates.
Climate change media coverage drops 20 percent in 2011
(01/05/2012) Global media reporting on climate change issues was down again last year, according to a new analysis from The Daily Climate. The news organization counted around 19,000 stories on climate issues during the year written by 7,140 journalists, falling 20 percent from 2010 levels.
Will Taiwan save its last pristine coastline?
(01/05/2012) Voters in the January 14 Taiwanese presidential election will decide the fate of the island's last pristine wilderness known as the Alangyi Trail. Amongst the three candidates, only one (Tsai Ing-wen from the Democratic Progressive Party) may support the conservation of Alangyi Trail and its coastline. One of the top domestic stories of 2011 were the efforts by the Pingtung County government, indigenous tribes, and NGOs to preserve the Alangyi Trail, according to the Taiwan Environmental Information Center. Alangyi is now a major issue reflecting steadily growing environmental concern amongst the Taiwanese, but its fate is sadly uncertain.
World's most expensive tuna
(01/05/2012) A 593 pound Pacific bluefin tuna sold for $735,000 (56.49 million yen) in Tokyo's Tsukiji market today. This beats the previous record price hit last year by over $260,000. Why so expensive? Bluefin tuna, considered the best sashimi and sushi in the world, have been fished to near extinction with the population of the Pacific bluefin the most stable to date.
Eco-toilets help save hippos and birds in Kenya
(01/04/2012) It may appear unintuitive that special toilets could benefit hippos and other wetland species, but the Center for Rural Empowerment and the Environment (CREE) has proven the unique benefits of new toilets in the Dunga Wetlands on Lake Victoria's Kenyan side. By building ecologically-sanitary (eco-san) toilets, CREE has managed to alleviate some of the conflict that has cropped up between hippos and humans for space.
Camera traps snap 35 Javan rhinos, including calves
(01/04/2012) Camera traps have successfully taken photos of 35 Javan rhinos (Rhinoceros sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park. The small population, with an estimated 45 or so individuals, is the species' last stand against extinction. Late last year, a subspecies of the Javan rhino, the Vietnamese rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus), was declared extinct.
'Lost world' dominated by Yeti crabs discovered in the Antarctic deep
(01/03/2012) Scientists have discovered a deep sea ecosystem dominated by hairy pale crabs off of Antarctica. The new species of "Yeti crabs" survive alongside many other likely new species, including a seven-armed meat-eating starfish, off of hydrothermal vents, which spew heat and chemicals into the lightless, frigid waters. According to the paper published in PLoS ONE, this is the first discovery of a hydrothermal vent ecosystem in the Southern Ocean though many others have been recorded in warmer waters worldwide.
Frog plague found in India
(01/03/2012) The chytrid fungus, which is responsible for the collapse of numerous amphibian populations as well as the extinction of entire species, has been located for the first time in India, according to a paper in Herpetological Review. Researchers took swabs of frog in the genus Indirana in the Western Ghats and found the killer fungus known as chytridiomycosis.
Mouths are sewn shut in protest against deforestation in Indonesia
(01/03/2012) Twenty-eight Indonesians have taken the extreme measure of sewing their mouths shut in a protest turned hunger-strike against a forest concession on Padang Island, reports the Jakarta Globe. Around a hundred protesters, mostly natives of Padang Island, have camped outside the Indonesian Senate building since December 19th to protest a logging concession held by PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) on their island, which lies off the east coast of Sumatra.
Sarah Laskow: even renewable energy has a dark side
(01/03/2012) Sarah Laskow is a freelance writer who has covered environmental issues for Grist, GOOD, and Newsweek.com, among others. Raised in New Jersey and educated at Yale where she studied literature, Sarah now lives across the river in Manhattan with her partner. She's done extensive traveling in West Africa, Europe, and Central America. Sarah can be found on twitter as @slaskow.
Animal picture of the day: dueling green iguanas
(01/03/2012) Found throughout Central and South America and parts of the Caribbean, the green iguana (Iguana iguana) is a large, mostly herbivorous lizard.
Small town rises up against deforestation in Pakistan
(01/02/2012) The town of Ayun, home to 16,000 people in the Chitral district of Pakistan, has been rocked by large-scale protests and mass arrests over the issue of corruption and deforestation in recent days. Villagers are protesting forest destruction in the Kalasha Valleys, the home of the indigenous Kalash people.
Ecuador makes $116 million to not drill for oil in Amazon
(01/02/2012) A possibly ground-breaking idea has been kept on life support after Ecuador revealed its Yasuni-ITT Initiative had raked in $116 million before the end of the year, breaking the $100 million mark that Ecuador said it needed to keep the program alive. Ecuador is proposing to not drill for an estimated 850 million barrels of oil in the Ishpingo-Tambococha-Tiputinin (ITT) blocs of Yasuni National Park if the international community pledges $3.6 billion to a United Nations Development Fund (UNDF), or about half of what the oil is currently worth. The Yasuni-ITT Initiative would preserve arguably the most biodiverse region on Earth from oil exploitation, safeguard indigenous populations, and keep an estimated 410 million tons of CO2 out of the atmosphere. However, the initiative is not without its detractors, some arguing the program is little more than blackmail; meanwhile proponents say it could prove an effective way to combat climate change, deforestation, and mass extinction.
The year in review for rainforests
(12/28/2011) 2011 was designated as "Year of the Forests" by the United Nations. While there was relatively little progress on intergovernmental forest protection programs during the year, a lot happened elsewhere. Below is a look at some of the biggest tropical forest-related news stories for 2011. We at mongabay readily acknowledge there were a number of important temperate and boreal forest developments, including Britain's decision not to privatize its forests and the severe drought in Texas, but this article will cover only tropical forest news.
Our top nature pictures of 2011
(12/27/2011) My reporting for mongabay.com took me to six continents in 2011 and I managed to take photos on many of the trips. Overall I added more than 10,000 new photos to the travel section of the site. Below are some of my favorite pictures from 2011. Thank you for reading mongabay.com in 2011 and I wish you the best for 2012!
The biggest new species discoveries in 2011
(12/26/2011) Every year scientists describe thousands of species for the first time. 2011 was no different, so here's a look at some of the significant new species discoveries for the year. New species discoveries are bound to continue as genetic analysis becomes more widespread and scientists conduct surveys of ever more habitats. But species loss also continues, and that is something considerably more difficult to quantify. Cataloging the disappearance of a species is extremely costly -- final proof can take years. Nonetheless in 2011 the book was closed on two particularly conspicuous creatures: neither the Vietnamese rhino nor the western black rhino roam the wilds any more.
Photos: Red-and-green animals for Christmas
(12/24/2011) For the holidays, a set of red-and-green animals.
'Christmas miracle' for endangered rhinos
(12/24/2011) Conservationists and wildlife officials in the Malaysian state of Sabah airlifted a young female Sumatran Rhinoceros — one of the world's most endangered animals — to an area of forest where she would encounter a potential partner, reports the Sabah Wildlife Department and Borneo Rhino Alliance. Sumatran Rhinoceros populations are so low, some individuals live in areas where they have no hope of ever finding another rhino.
CI refutes Cambodian logging story
(12/23/2011) Conservation International (CI) issued a sharp rebuke of a Phnom Pehn Post story that alleged involvement in illegal rosewood logging in Cambodia's Central Cardamom Protected Forest.
Giant monkey frog pic takes prize in photo contest
(12/23/2011) Gowri Varanashi has won mongabay.com's amphibian photo contest with her picture of a Giant Monkey Frog (Phyllomedusa bicolor) taken along the Tambopata river in the Peruvian Amazon.
Kroger, America's largest grocery chain, stops carrying APP products due to deforestation concerns
(12/22/2011) Kroger, America's largest grocery store chain, will stop carrying products sourced by Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) due to concerns about deforestation, according to a statement on the company's web site. The move comes after a Greenpeace campaign targeting Paseo, a fast-growing toilet paper brand owned by APP.
Animal picture of the day: pronghorn in the snow
(12/22/2011) Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are the only surviving animal in the Antilocapridae family, and contrary to popular belief they are not antelopes.
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subset: commoncrawl


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I am an educator and technologist always on the move. Working on bringing Africa and Asia closer.
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Freestyle skateboarding tricks
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (March 2014)
|This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience. (May 2013)
A freestyle skateboarding trick is a trick done on a skateboard while freestyle skateboarding. Some of these tricks are done in a stationary position, unlike many other skateboarding tricks. The keys to a good freestyle contest run are variety, difficulty, fluidity, and creativity. It should also be noted that this is a partial list, and a full list would never be possible, because new tricks and new combinations are always being created.
- "fakie" means "riding backward"
- "nose of the board" means "the part of the board that is usually in the riding direction"
- "tail of the board" means "the part of the board that is usually opposite of the riding direction"
- "pivot" means "kickturn", or "spin", or "turn the board horizontally"
- "tailstop" means "standing stationary with the tail of the board on the ground"
- "frontside" means "facing to the outside of the turn"
- "backside" means "facing to the center point of a turn"
- 1 360 Spin
- 2 Broken Fingers
- 3 Butter Flip
- 4 Calf Wrap (Flamingo/Figure Four)
- 5 Casper
- 6 Casper Disaster
- 7 Carousel
- 8 Coco Wheelie, Coco Slide
- 9 Daffy
- 10 End-Over
- 11 Fan Flip
- 12 Finger Flip
- 13 G-Turn
- 14 Gingersnap
- 15 Godzilla Flip
- 16 Handstand
- 17 Helipop
- 18 Impossible
- 19 Incredible/Carousel
- 20 Incredible frontside-backside
- 21 J-Roll
- 22 Jaywalk
- 23 Kickback
- 25 Manual
- 26 Monster Walk
- 27 Multiple-board tricks
- 28 No Comply
- 29 Nosehook Impossible
- 30 Old School Kickflip
- 31 Ollie
- 32 Ollie Airwalk
- 33 Pogo
- 34 Pressure Flip (or Pressflip)
- 35 Primo Slide
- 36 Railstand
- 37 San Francisco Flip
- 38 Saran Wrap, Wrap Around
- 39 Shove-It
- 40 Sidewinder
- 41 Spacewalk
- 42 Street Plant
- 43 Switchfoot Pogo
- 44 Toc toc spin
- 45 Tre flip
- 46 TV Stand
- 47 Walk The Dog
- 48 YoYo Plant
- 49 YoHo Plant
- 50 Varial kickflip/heelflip
- 51 Darkslide
- 52 References
360 Spin[edit]
1970s skate competitions such as the ones shown in Lords of Dogtown would often have an event to see who could do the most consecutive 360 spins on a skateboard. Variations include one foot spins (on the nose or tail, or grabbing the foot while spinning), two feet spins (on the nose or tail), crossfoot spins, 2-board spins, etc.
Broken Fingers[edit]
This is a Half Truckhook Impossible caught in a 50/50. The rider stands on the tail, puts his front foot under the board and starts to jump backwards, while also scooping the board in front of him. This will cause the board to flip over and get upside-down. The rider catches the tail of the board with the front hand and lands with the foot which was under the board on the truck. There is also a no handed version of this trick which has not really a name. Commonly called "No-Handed Broken Fingers" by some freestylers. It's a crossfooted Half Truckhook Impossible caught into a No Handed 50/50. The reason why this trick got the name "Broken Fingers" is because how dangerous it can be. If you do not jump high enough and want to catch the board you are going to crush your own fingers.
Butter Flip[edit]
This trick was invented by Keith Butterfield. To do the Butter Flip, you stand in Heelside Railstand, and hop both feet to one side of the board. Both feet are side by side with no gap larger than an inch or two between them. The rider puts pressure onto the end of the board, using the foot that is not on the wheel. It pops the board up and you grab it with your hand on the same side of your body as the foot that was on the wheel. This trick is the method used to go from Heelside Railstand to a Pogo or 50/50. You can catch the board with your foot as well rather than your hand making it a Butter Flip to a No Handed 50/50.
Calf Wrap (Flamingo/Figure Four)[edit]
A trick where the skater using one foot wraps the board around their other leg which is planted on the ground, then unwraps it to land back in a riding position. Mike Vallely helped bringing popularity to the trick. "Flamingo or Figure Four" was the original way of doing it because it looks like a Flamingo or the number 4 - where the board is touching the inside knee/thigh. This trick had little use till later faster versions were perfected (to accommodate the backside 180 re-entry on banks and ramps)Thus "wrapping your calf" instead of your knee. Invented by Derek Belen, made popular by Rey Gregorio, then perfected by Dorian Tucker, and Kris Markovich.
A freestyle stance where the skateboard is upside down and balanced on the point of the tail. The skater's back foot is on the underside of the tail and the board maintains its angled position by the skater's front foot being hooked under the deck. It is important to note that having the front foot on the floor is considered cheating, and not a proper casper.
- On the other side, you could try to drop the front part of the board and then catch it with the front foot repeatedly, which is a real crowd pleaser (because of the rhythm) and attention-grabber (because of the noise).
Casper Disaster[edit]
Also invented by Bobby "Casper" Boyden, this trick has nothing to do with the Casper stance. While rolling fakie or nollie, enter a Heelside Railstand one footed. The foot that's not touching the wheel will point down and nudge the griptape side of the skateboard while the rider spins 180 degrees towards the direction of the trucks. After the board and rider have rotated 180 degrees, the feet work together to nudge the skateboard down into a rolling position
This is a specific Truck-To-Truck Transfer. Think of it as a half Impossible from a 50/50 to a switch 50/50 – still standing on the back foot. The rider starts from a 50/50, "throws" the board over the foot that stands on the truck and jumps up. When the board has done the "half wrap", the rider lands on the truck and catches the nose of the board with the same hand he used to flip it.
Coco Wheelie, Coco Slide[edit]
This trick was invented by Pierre André Senizergues. A Coco Wheelie or Coco Slide is like a Primo Slide but the deck never touches the ground, so you hold it in a Wheelie on the side.
- Variations include handstands, grabs, transfer to spacewalk, etc.
This trick is done with two boards, one foot in a tailwheelie on one board and another foot on the second board in a nosewheelie. This trick was seen in the Girl Skateboards video Yeah Right!, Gus Van Sant's film Paranoid Park, and the Lords of Dogtown movie. The Tony Hawk's Underground game calls this a "Yeah Right Manual".
It's one of the oldest freestyle tricks.
Variations include rollerskate-like double-board tailwheelies and double-board nosewheelies, but also crossfoot wheelies and spins, or a one-foot double-board daffy, possibly invented by Kilian Martin (2010). It's also possible to "lose" one of the boards and continue with a one-foot wheelie.
A series of 180-degree pivots. Can be done both ways but both start on the nose (or on the tail while rolling fakie). While rolling forward, pressure is placed on the nose just enough to lift the back wheels. Once the back wheels are lifted, the rider turns either frontside or backside 180 degrees with the nose acting as a pivot point. This is all done quickly, you do not stall on any part. When the 180 pivot is done, you quickly do another in reverse. If you originally did a 180 Frontside Pivot, you will now do a 180 Backside Pivot. When these 180 pivots are done in consecutive lines, they are considered End-Overs (End Over End). It is not uncommon for freestyle skateboarders to throw in harder pivots in to the mix of 180 pivots. A rider may do a string of 180 pivots where every two 180 pivots he follows with one 360 pivot.
Fan Flip[edit]
Fan Flip is the name when you do a Pogo Fingerflip back to Pogo. The rider pogos and once he got balance, he does a Fingerflip, jumps up high enough and kicks his legs to the side. After the board completes the flip he catches the board on the truck.
Finger Flip[edit]
A Finger Flip can be considered an umbrella term for a series of tricks involving the use of the hand (or a few fingers) to flip the skateboard. The rider rolls forward, grabs the nose of the board with the front hand and flips the board while simultaneously jumping up in the air. The rider will come down on the board or catch the board in mid-air. Many variations have been done including the Double Finger Flip, Varial Finger Flip, Backhand Finger Flips, and 360 Finger Flips. There are fakie versions of all the Finger Flips. An Ollie Finger Flip is considered the hardest variation of a Finger Flip because the rider must Ollie first before initiating the Finger Flip. Professional Darryl Grogan is known for his Ollie 360 Finger Flip. Rodney Mullen is known to use an Ollie Varial Finger Flip in many of his runs and video footage.
Nightmare flip A varial kickflip that features two flips or more instead of just one
This is a Nose Manual, but without facing the riding direction. The rider increases speed, then places the front foot on the nose while keeping the back foot over the back wheels. While riding, the board tends to turn frontside or backside, ending with a spin.
Variations: One-Wheeled, Backward
While in a Hang Ten position, the skater pops down on the Nose, causing the board to do a Nollie Hardflip motion, traveling vertically between the riders legs and landing back in normal position. If the half flip is done with a Nosegrab, the trick is referred to as a Hazze Flip, named for Hazze Lindgren.
Godzilla Flip[edit]
This trick involves standing on the board in Tailstop with just one foot and spinning the board in an Impossible around that foot with your lead or back hand. You can use either foot and either hand. The foot must not touch the ground. Basically a hand use one footed version of the Nosehook Impossible. Not to be confused with the Godzilla Railflip, which is a Triple Varial Railflip with a Body Varial.
A One Handed Handstand, where one hand is planted on the floor and the other hand holds the board in the air. This trick can be done from Tailstop or a Railstand. There are many variations of this trick, because you can do every kind of Fingerflip with the other hand. You can also do "Varials" by grabbing the wheel of your board and spin it. The trick can be landed straight, in Tailstop, in a Casper or even in a 50/50.
A Handstand on a skateboard. Many variations evolved from this, including One Handed Handstands, Headstands, Frogstands, Handstand Wheelies, Handstand Pivots, and Handstand Handflips/Fingerflips. The Handstand was taken to the other stances too such as Railstand Handstands, with the Single, Double, Varial and 360 Flips out of them and flips which were landed in Railstands again. Also TV Stands, which are Handstands done in 50/50s.
A Backside 360 Nollie which was invented by Rodney Mullen. It is done by placing your front foot on the nose of the board and your back foot in Nollie Heelflip position. Then right before you begin the Nollie start to pivot just a little. Then begin your Nollie. If you cannot get a full Nollie 360, try landing it in a 270 and pivot the rest of the way. Once you learned it good enough going 270, then go for the full 360. If you want to pivot at the end, never pivot on the nose, always do it on the back wheels. Variations: grabs, frontside, flips out.
A trick originally invented by Rodney Mullen where the board is "scooped" up by the back foot and wraps over the back foot in a 360 degree rotation and is then landed. There are many variations of the Impossible or "Ollie" Impossible that have been created over the years. Darryl Grogan is known for doing many different variations. He was the first to land Impossibles Crossfooted, Halfcab, and to one foot landing. Rodney Mullen has done many variations off the nose, also known as "Nollie" Impossibles.
This trick goes from a pogo, the top hand pushes the board around the standing foot and turns the board upside-down, again landing in a pogo while your hand catches the top of the board.
Incredible frontside-backside[edit]
The same as Incredible, but this time the hand that catches, immediately pushes the board back to the direction where it came from and again around your foot. So this trick is actually a double Incredible.
Accidentally discovered by Jon Mandrozos, this trick is often used as a safer alternative to bailing out of a sequence. Using momentum that would otherwise cause the skater to fall forward, the rider grabs the board by placing their hands on the nose/tail respectively and then absorbs the impact of the fall with the surface of their back by doing a forward shoulder roll upon landing. Once the motion is completed, the rider is crouching on top of their board with both feet planted and the momentum of the fall pushing them forward.
Another freestyle footwork trick. Set up with your one foot, or your other foot, on the tail of the board, put your one foot on the nose of the board. Two things will happen now, and both must be done at the same time. Pressure is applied to the nose and you pivot 180 degrees on the tail to the side your other foot's heel was facing. Your one foot is also removed prior to the 180 degree pivot and brought to where your board will end up after the 180 degree pivot. It is an advanced version of the End-Over or 180 pivot on the nose or tail because your other foot is detached from the board.
Invented by: Brian Remmer
The Kickback is a really old freestyle trick. It is a half flip backwards and then a full flip back forwards. It is done by placing your front foot on the front bolts and your back foot only with your toes in the middle of your board. You start pushing down on your toes and when the board catches your toes, you jump, give the board a flick and after the board flips you catch it and land back on the griptape.
Flip an Old School Kickflip, but as soon as it is done flipping, instead of landing on the board with all 4 wheels touching down on the ground, land on it with more weight on the nose for a split second Nose Manual before you pivot on the nose. If you did the Old School Kickflip and landed in fakie, you would pivot out to forward. If you did it out to forward, you would pivot into fakie. The M-80 can be used as a compensator if you don't like the direction you end up in when you do Kickflips because you can only do them to fakie, or only do them to forward. Kevin Harris did his Old School Kickflips into multiple 360 Spins on one foot.
A trick similar to a bicycle wheelie where the rider balances with the front or back wheels off and without the tail or nose on the ground. Manuals can be done with both feet, with one foot or on one wheel. In One Foot Manuals the rider places one foot parallel to the board and balances on the nose or tail. A Manual in which both feet are straight on the nose is called a Hang Ten; its tail counterpart is called a Heelie. The rider can also do English Manuals, by keeping the back foot somewhere where the back bolts are and the front foot underneath the nose and hooks the board up until he manuals. The most difficult variation is the Swedish Manual, most likely named after Swedish pro Stefan "Lillis" Akesson. This is the same as the English Manual, except you place your front foot on the nose pointing forward and use your back toes to hook the board up until you Nose Manual. One of the most difficult manual maneuvers is the Hang Ten Nosemanual, where the skater places both of his feet on the nose of the board and performs a nose manual by balancing on the front two wheels. A crossfoot variation is also possible.
Monster Walk[edit]
Another type of End-Over. Rather than a rider doing a 180 pivot on the nose frontside and then doing one backside or doing one backside first and then frontside after, the rider pivots backside and backside or frontside and frontside giving the rider the appearance that he/she is taking very large steps forward or backward. The frontside variation has the rider always facing forward, and for the fakie version the rider always twists blind or backside.
Multiple-board tricks[edit]
Multiple-board tricks expand the versality in the height. Balancing on two, three or more boards placed upon each other may increase the freestyle experience for some novice skaters.
However, it is possible to increase the difficulty by making real tricks out of them: Multiple-Board Handstand, Multiple-Board Handstand Flip-out, Ollie-To-Multiple-Board, Rock'n Roll-To-Multiple-Board "Slide", Multiple-Board Wheelie, etc.
No Comply[edit]
In this trick the front foot slides off the side of the board, with the body weight on the back foot over the tail, the board 'snaps' up and can be guided with the back leg/knee. To ride away the rider jumps with his/her front foot back on. The No Comply was commonly used by street skaters in the mid to late 1980s, most commonly being done off parking blocks by bumping the tail off them. This trick has many variations, including 180, 360, Varials, Flips, Fingerflips, Impossibles, etc. Ray Barbee is noted as a master of No Comply variations to many who have watched the earlier Powell videos.
Nosehook Impossible[edit]
A trick that flips in the same fashion as the Ollie Impossible, but done with the assistance of the other foot. To do it, the rider starts in Tailstop. Then hooks their front foot under the nose of the board, and pulls it to the side as they jump off the back foot. Causing the board to flip over their other foot. This can be done crossfooted or with the front foot near the truck rather than the nose. in this case it would be called a Truckhook Impossible.
Old School Kickflip[edit]
Originally just called the Kickflip (aka "Classic Flip"/"Magic Flip"), this trick and many of the variations were also invented in the 1970s by Rodney Mullen, including the first recorded Kickflip in vert skateboarding. You stand in the middle of your board, feet close together, pointed towards the nose. Hook the foot you're most comfortable flipping with under the board and turn your body. That puts your foot under the board. From there you give a kick, jump, turn side ways, and land when the board is done flipping. There were many variations such as Double Flips, Varial Flips, 360 Flips and M-80s. Your feet should never touch the ground in the trick.
This trick was what allowed flatland skateboarding to reach a vertical height and has given rise to obstacles to the merger of freestyle street creating a completely new style of skateboarding: skateboarding streetstyle. Skateboarding streetstyle made it possible for tricks so they could be done on obstacles. The Ollie was originally developed by Alan "Ollie" Gelfand in a bowl. This was done by simply picking up the tab in the air. The version of the flat ground ollie was then invented by Rodney Mullen. He understood that with the proper positioning of the foot, the board could pop into the air.
While standing still, the rider taps the board fast down on the tail with the back foot and then the front foot changes the upward move into a slightly forward move, thus leveling the board horizontally. In the air, the rider bends his knees and allows the skateboard to launch.
This trick can be done standing still or moving forward or backward. It can be done in an impressive number of variations including all kinds of combinations of spins, jumps and combined rotations of the body making it truly the most versatile freestyle trick in the existence of skateboarding.
Ollie Airwalk[edit]
This trick involves the combination of an Ollie with an Airwalk. The rider initiates an Ollie and grabs the board with the front hand. While this is being done the rider kicks the front foot forward (diagonal on the riding direction) and kicks the back foot backwards (diagonal on the riding direction).
Like many others, this trick was invented by Rodney Mullen.
Variations on this trick are: fingerflip, 180 fingerflip, scarewalk (kicking the front foot backward and the back foot forward), etc.
Done with the board straight up against your legs, this move uses the skateboard as a pogo stick. One foot is on the bottom truck, and the other usually presses on the grip tape side of the board for grip. An easier variation involves one foot off with the rider grabbing the nose. The skater can also do this with both feet on the truck, or with the feet crossed.
Invented by Skating Legend, Kyle Jensen.
Pressure Flip (or Pressflip)[edit]
Pressure Flips were invented before Ollies. This is basically a flip using only one foot (back foot or front foot). Pressure Flips can be done nollie or fakie. There are many different types of Pressure Flips which flip like an Ollie Flip. The "normal" Pressure Flip flips like an Inward Heelflip, a Pressure Hardflip flips like a Hardflip and a Toeflip flips like a Varial Kickflip.
Primo Slide[edit]
This is a Railstand but done while moving, so you slide along the ground on the side of your board. Invented by Primo Desiderio. For added style you can turn the board 90 degrees while sliding doing sort of a Primo Power Slide from there you can do any trick you want to get out of it, flips, spins, grabs, etc.
A Railstand is when one edge of your board is on the ground and you are standing on the other, usually with your feet also on the wheels. From this position you can do many tricks, including Flips, 180s, 360 Spins and combinations of the above (landing into another railstand if you wish), landing into Casper, into 50/50, etc. The railstand and many variations were invented in the 1970s by Bobby "Casper" Boyden. A Heelside Railstand is to stand on the board in railstand, with your griptape facing your back, and toeside is the reverse. There are several ways to get into Heelside Railstand as opposed to the limited ways, if not just one way of getting into Toeside Railstand. A common variation of a Railstand is a Cooperstand, which is a Railstand with one foot on a wheel, and the other on the nose. While in Railstand, the limit to what you can do is almost non existent. You do not have to just flip. You can varial the board under you so it spins without flipping, you can stand on one wheel, on one foot and kick the board forwards or backwards so it spins around the one wheel.
San Francisco Flip[edit]
The San Francisco Flip is a type of a Truck-To-Transfer, where the rider enters a No-Handed 50/50 does a "No-Handed Carousel" to a Crossfoot No-Handed 50/50.
Saran Wrap, Wrap Around[edit]
This trick was invented by Rodney Mullen. Usually done from a Pogo or a Truckstand. This trick involves the front leg tracing a circle around the nose of the board not touching the ground when in Pogo or a Truckstand. Experienced skaters can do several Saran Wraps continuously.
A Shove-It or Varial rotation is regarded as a 180 degree spin (instead of a flip) of the board. Which direction it spins is usually described in the name, such as frontside or backside. When called just a "Shove-It", it is assumed it is only a Varial 180 degree Shove-It. If it is any higher in degrees, it is stated. For example, a 360 Shove-It must have the 360 stated or it should be assumed to only be 180 degrees of spin.
The Shove-It was always a freestyle trick as was every other skateboarding trick used in streetstyle skateboarding. It was done with the front foot facing forward towards the nose, on the nose of the board and your back foot would be used to throw the board. In today's modern streetstyle skateboarding, the Shove-It is either done frontside or backside and the point of action originates from the tail of the board. Only when the rider pushes down and forward or down and backward can the board spin 180 degrees frontside or backside. The back foot begins the trick and the front foot either assists in the spin by influencing the board or just jumps if the back foot influenced it enough. In the Shove-It done off the nose, this is done in reverse. The front foot assumes the role of the back foot in that it pushes down and initiates the action, and the back foot either jumps or assists in the spin. It can be done frontside and backside from this way. This is considered the freestyle and streetstyle Shove-It.
Sometimes the difference between the Impossible and the Shove-It is not clear to see; in that case you should watch the pivot foot. If this foot is under the board during the rotation, then it is an Impossible. If it is not, then it is a Shove-It.
A truck-to-truck transfer, where the rider switches the foot from pogo on one truck, to pogo on the other truck. All the time, the board is upside down, and during the trick turns over about 90 degrees. Variations: switch foot, same foot and flips.
Another kind of "Walk" in freestyle skateboarding. The rider enters a Manual on the back wheels and swings the nose of the board around. The wider the swing the better the Spacewalk looks. The front wheels cannot touch the ground while the Spacewalk is being done. Many variations exist including Nose Spacewalks, Hang Ten Spacewalks, Backward Spacewalks, One-Knee-Kneeled Spacewalks (invented by Günter Mokulys) and many more.
Street Plant[edit]
An Old School Hand plant trick in which one holds the board in one hand, does a One Handed Handstand, puts the board under the feet, then comes back down. It is used as a fancy way to get onto one's board. This is like an Invert on Vert, but done on flatground. This trick was one of the first street tricks.
Switchfoot Pogo[edit]
A trick invented by Rodney Mullen. To do the trick, get into a Handed Pogo and then continuously switch your feet from the truck and pogo a little to keep your balance. The trick should look like you were "walking" on the truck.
Toc toc spin[edit]
A shove it after a 360 spin
Tre flip[edit]
A 360 Pop Shuvit with a kickflip, 180 version is called a Varial Kickflip. Also called 360 flip (Also invented by Rodney Mullen in the early 1990s)
TV Stand[edit]
A Handstand done in a 50/50. While in a 50/50 or Pogo the rider grabs the bottom truck (the one with the back foot on) hops up into a Handstand with the other hand holding the nose of the board. Land the trick by doing a half flip out of it. If you grab the top truck it is called a "Jawbreaker", which was invented by Primo Desiderio.
Walk The Dog[edit]
Freestyle Footworks in which you put one foot in the middle of the board, step to the nose with the back foot, and bring the nose to the back, spinning the board 180 around the center foot. With practice this move can be done quite fast and many times in a row or even backwards. Although it is better to do it slower, maintain balance to create an illusion of speed as suggested by Bob Loftin.
YoYo Plant[edit]
Considered as one of the most difficult tricks, it was invented by Joachim "YoYo" Schulz (YoYo is his nickname) in the early 1980s. This is the same as the Street Plant but done without the feet touching the ground. Usually done by rolling fakie and with one hand planted on the ground as the other is grabbing the board. Schulz has invented numerous variations of this trick, like very stylish One-Foot Yoyo Sadplants.
YoHo Plant[edit]
Terry Synnott is seen doing this trick which is a cross between the YoYo Plant and the HoHo Plant. The HoHo Plant involves a Handstand with both hands, and only your feet in the air holding the board up as if you were upside down. The rider starts to roll fakie into the YoYo Plant with one hand on the ground and one on the board, once he is in the YoYo Plant, the rider's legs go off the board and he does a normal handstand on the ground.
Varial kickflip/heelflip[edit]
A kickflip with a twist. While doing the kickflip, you must also do a shuv-it.
A slide where you flip the board upside down and slide a ledge, rail, hubba, etc.
Duarte Flip a nightmare flip with a slight scoop in the opposite direction


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I'm having a problem with pwGhost and DS 4.5. I upgraded to 4.5, reset my pwGhost download and installed version 1.2. But when I try to render, all I get is a solid flat color instead of the pwGhost effect. While rendering, it gives me this error message:
3Delight message #45 (Severity 2): S2069: the interface of shader 'F:/DAZ/DAZStudio4/shaders/pwGhost.sdl' is invalid
The file is there, so I'm out of guesses.
I have noticed the shader presets for the SuperSuit have stopped working in DS4.5, at least in the Macintosh version. I have filed a bug report on that. Perhaps you should file a bug report about pwGhost.


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Statement of Significance (as of designation - July 4, 1961):
Virginia City was the territorial capital of Montana (1865-75) and the site of one of the greatest gold strikes in the West (1863). Today it seems a classic Western ghost town, with many false-fronted buidings which are open as museums. More than two hundred historic buildings and some one million authentic artifacts of its history remain.
Progress has been made in preserving this National Historic Landmark. The Montana Heritage Commission has a draft five-year strategic plan which includes strategies for the preservation and use of structures in the NHL. The town of Virginia City was designated a Preserve America Community and will be applying for funding support for future interpretive projects. The NHL is facing developmental pressures, but most new owners are sensitive to the historic importance of Virginia City and attempting to develop in a complementary manner.
In 2006, the National Park Service awarded the town of Virginia City a Challenge Cost-Share grant ($29,640) for assistance in the development of an interpretive trail through the NHL. The Montana Heritage Commission has received funding to address immediate preservation needs for historic properties under their ownership.
Recommendation/Change since last report:
This site will continue to need monitoring to watch for incompatible development. There is increasing developmental pressures in areas outside the boundaries. The private sector is very much interested in acquiring historic structures which will need to be monitored to ensure that any rehabilitation is done in a sensitive manner and following appropriate guidelines. Presently, many historic structures are used only on a seasonal basis due to the difficulties associated with winter-time occupancy. To make these structures available for year-around occupancy would require the expenditure of many millions of dollars.
Comments and questions about the database may be directed to firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Female , 16-17
Last Seen Apr 8, 2013
Member Since Dec 26, 2012
Favorite Quote "There is nothing like staying at home for real comfort."
Politics Moderate
Horoscope Aries
Special day
Music All types that I like
Local Time July 4th, 1:04 PM
Frank Sinatra - Cake I just love the way the sounds flow together so well. It's poetry, put to music. We know of an ancient radiation That haunts dismembered constellations A faintly glimmering... [more]
There Will Always Be Someone Smarter, Prettier, More Mature, More Kind-hearted-- It's hard to feel good about myself when I realize that the very act of feeling good about myself goes against the principles of selflessness. I'll do something for someone else - work with a charitab… [more]
I Used To Be Totally Pro Life I'm adopted. I've always had the thought that if my birth mom, 17 years old when I was born, had chosen abortion, I wouldn't exist. But after thinking about it a lot, and seeing both sides, I have com… [more]
Both Of My Parents Are Over 60 While I'm Still In High School I'm adopted, born in 1996, when my birth mother was 17 and my adoptive parents were 46 (mother) and 44 (father). It's difficult to live with the generation gap, and I can feel them getting old already… [more]
and then either run out of steam or come to the realization that it's pretentious crap.… [more]


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Newcomer Profile - Jake Lowe
Jan. 29, 2007
Leading up to the 2007 baseball season, IUHOOSIERS.com will profile all of the Hoosier newcomers for the upcoming year. The newcomer profile for Monday, Jan. 29, is of infielder Jake Lowe. Lowe, who throws and hits righty, will wear number 33 for Indiana in 2007.
Jake Lowe joins the Indiana baseball family after three years under Todd Sippel at Homewood-Flossmoor High School. The native of Flossmoor, Ill., was a standout as a junior, but missed all but 10 games of his senior year due to injury.
Lowe still managed to hit .425 and smash four home runs in his 10 games as a senior, following a junior season in which he hit .396 with three dingers and 16 doubles, driving in 56 runs. His junior campaign netted him all-area and team MVP honors, and led to him being a preseason all-state selection heading into his senior campaign. Additionally, he was named the South Inter-Conference Association East Player of the Year.
Lowe, who was ranked as the 13th-best prospect in the state of Illinois by Prep Baseball Report, has one brother, Aron. The son of Patti and Ron Lowe, who played college baseball at Kansas, was born on Sept. 17, 1988, and plans to major in business at IU.
Check back soon


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The Zeitner Rock, Gem and Fossil collection contains hundreds of rarities you won't see anywhere else. Be sure to take your time looking around!
Congressional Record, Nov 2, 2009
Browse our one-of-a-kind selection of unique collectables, souvenirs and gifts. Now available online!
There's lots to see and do here at Pioneer Auto Show. Take a brief tour of our extensive classic and antique vehicle collections!


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Good commuter, under 10k
Hey all,
I am thinking of upgrading my little dual sport to something I can ride to work. My commute is 30 miles each way, on a 2 lane (each side) highway. I would need something that I can ride on nice days, but not necessarily when the weather is bad (have a truck for that). Still the more riding the better. Safety, reliability, service cost, MPG, comfort and of course price are all important. I don't have to carry anything to work besides myself.
I was thinking of one of the following:
Suzuki DR650
Suzuki VStrom 650 ABS
Kawasaki KLR650
Honda CBR250 ABS
Triumph Bonneville
The Bonnie is a good bike but you can do better in terms of fuel efficiency. I commute on my Thruxton (50 miles each way, freeway with occasional traffic) and get 40-45 MPG. It's better than my car, sure, but it's terrible compared to commuter bikes.
Also, given the fuel efficiency, I could do with a bigger tank. I have to fill up every day I commute on it. You'd get about two days of commuting per fill up.
Good point. It would be hard to beat the CBR250 from the MPG perspective I think.
Take a look at a Kawasaki Versys....
Fun, good fuel economy a really great all around sport bike....
What factors are the most important for you? (Pick two or three)
Total cost?
Luggage options?
High speed stability?
Low speed agility?
Seat height?
Cruise speed?
Maximizing cold weather use? (that is, pushing down your coldest ridable temp)
Weather protection?
Self-wrenching ease?
Tank range?
As for bikes, Don't neglect the new honda cb500's or the nc700x, nt700v, svf650, ex650r, etc
from your list i have commuted (43 miles each way) on the bonneville, dr650, klr 650 and vstrom 650abs
for my money it's the vstrom every day.
in 38000 miles all i have had to do is change the oil/tires and 1 chain.
valves checked at 19k, still in adjustment.
the bike delievers 54-65mpg on regular gas and i heard the 2012 on up are better.
my plan it to keep the bike for a few more years, or until i get to about 100k then buy a new vstrom 650.
The Vstrom fits that bill very nicely out of all your choices and they can be found pretty reasonably. Although you have the ABS model, so not sure if that would be a must have considering many of the other bikes you listed don't have ABS.
What dual sport are you riding now? Although the KLR & DR are both 650 size, they still are singles so depending on the highway you'll be riding on and speeds, they can still get a bit buzzy there. Of course everyone's opinion of what is acceptable is up them.
I've had 5 vstroms and keep coming back to them. I work from home now, but I spent many years commuting on a bike and the Vstrom was the one that kept winning me over time and time again. Their reliability is awesome and they handle stuff like a commuter with ease. I owned a KLR for a while and my commute was either 45mins via interstate or an hour on back roads. I absolutely hated that bike on the interstate, so I tended to take the back roads, but it still just didn't do it for me nearly as nice as the strom did. I also have a DR650 now and it would not be a bike I would choose to commute on over the Vstrom unless I just had to.
The more comfortable the bike is and the better you are able to carry everything you need and stay warm and protected in bad weather, the more often you are likely to ride. If it becomes a pain or just not fun, you'll probably not commute as often.
Someone mentioned a Versys and that is surely another option.
Scratch the CBR250. A small thumper will wear out too quickly being used that way.
If you are not too tall for one I would suggest you find a Pre-owned Street Triple.
If you have to carry anything on a regular basis like a laptop or even extra gear when the temps are changing, any type of sport bike or anything without luggage makes that more difficult. And it gets very old wearing any kind of back pack day in and day out. That's one reason I lean more towards a bike that has luggage options available since being able to carry extra stuff really turns out to be a huge convenience when commuting every day.
I have a DR200, not highwayable :)
I think either a new or pre-2012 Strom might be the best bang for the buck. Comfort/utility/economy/etc.
The dealer closest to me is a Honda/Suzuki shop, so thats a plus too.
I had forgotten about the new Honda's as well.
03 Civic. :D
I have one car that's good on gas, and two paid off cars that are not as good. My wife will drive the Fiat mostly. Plus, any excuse to get another/different bike I figure. I will drive my truck on bad days, and my new bike on good days :)
Just to give you a quick over view on the strom's since I've owned 5 of them. Each year there were only 2 color schemes available.
04-06 - Single Spark DL650's. 04's had silver frames. 05+ were black
07-11 - Dual Spark DL 650's and 10mm longer swingarm to accomodate ABS. Only 1 color out of the two even had ABS as an option and even then for the color that had it, it was still an option. (no 2010 Vstrom's BTW).
12+ Redesigned DL650.
I've owned both the single spark and dual spark DL650 and the dual spark has a bit of the advantage of being a bit smoother and gets a bit better mileage, but for a good price I wouldn't pass up a single spark model. The 12 models are based on the Gladius motor, so even smoother and better fuel mileage yet.
The 1st generation Vstrom's have a 5.8gal tank so 200-250+ miles per tank are pretty common. I've pushed mine to over 300, but that's getting 55+mpg. The 2nd gen 2012+ strom's dropped fuel tank size to 5.3gals, but the better mileage is suppose to make up the difference.
07+ can get 50mpg pretty easily on back roads. MPG drops more towards 45mpg when you start runnning 70-80mph.
Depending on your height, the stock DL650 seat sucks and the stock windscreen is a really crappy setup. A DL1000 seat or something else greatly improves the comfort and a madstad bracket with a different shield really helps with the wind protection. Everything else is just personal preference.
I've never owned one, but for commuting as the OP described I'd consider anything that didn't have a chain that would get my pants/hands/whatever dirty, and also didn't require lubing... and with that being such a strong point in my mind... might I also suggest a Harley Sportster with a belt drive?
The 883 motor reportedly gets incredible gas mileage, it would be an interesting ride (especially if set up well for commuting with a neutral riding position like one of the older 1950's utilitarian Harleys or like a dual-sport), and it would differ enough from your current stable.
This new Honda CB500X is supposed to be priced under 6 grand...
looks like a sweet little bike
or that new NX is pretty cool too
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Island Pizza
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I was reading through some articles about Anthony Mangieri's Una Pizzeria Napoletana. Besides the fact that you should sell what your customers want, not what you want, the most common complaint was that his pies are soggy in the center. I have never had a true Neapolitan Style pizza, but the center of any pie is problematical in that it will always be the least cooked and yet be the smallest and most heavily loaded area.
So, I says to myself, why not eliminate it altogether? Now a doughnut hole would work, but a much simpler solution would be to leave a mound of dough in the middle. An Island, if you will, of crusty goodness in the center of the pie.
Since I was making my dough for this weekend, I decided to do a proof of concept pie. Note that the dough is less than an hour old and cooked in the electric oven. and I didn't plan on eating the pie, but my daughter did anyway, all of it.
Re: Island Pizza
Interesting thread title. I was expecting the dreaded pineapple-and-ham pizza!
I have th problem too. Interesting solution.
Re: eating the pie... I'm a firm believer that the evidence should always be eaten.
Re: Island Pizza
Brilliant concept! Since the edge is my favorite part of the pizza I'd like to try this for myself.
Re: Island Pizza
Great looking pizza Tom, I am slowly getting the hang of our style of oven. Pizza for all last Sunday and dropped in a 15 or so lb turkey in a dutch oven with foil tent on tuesday, about 240 deg or so. 11 1/2 hours later the meat fell off the bone. You could not lift it out of the dutch oven.
Hope all is well with you.
We will be starting this years honey crop this weekend. I will let you know when it gets in the buckes and send you a sample.
Re: Island Pizza
I need to do a practice turkey, since I have already committed to one for T-Day. That sounds like the kind I want to do. I have a huge unruly thyme bush that wants to sacrifice it's life to a turkey dinner.
Re: Island Pizza
You may have created the next gimmick pizza from Dominos or Phut.
The above mentioned problems are the exact reasons why I also experiment. I have more than a few concept pizzas that will be worth a second try...I think I will add your doughnut pizza to my next bake
Re: Island Pizza
Its the Bagizza the Bagel Pizza......nice idea.....:D
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Selena Gomez Fires Back at Justin Bieber in New Video
Well, revenge is certainly one cure for heartache.
The bad break and escalating fallout between Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez has involved both of the stars singing "Cry Me a River," seemingly directed at each other, as well as Justin's personal "Anarchy in the UK" this week.
But Gomez recently upped the stakes, releasing a new video on YouTube today, March 10, showing her and her girlfriends doing a coordinated, sexy dance to "Everybody Knows (Your Boyfriend Is a Douchebag)," with close-ups of Selena mouthing the lyrics, just to drive the message home.
Now, as TMZ points out, it's not a sure thing that Selena and her friends are referring to the Biebs, but the musician's history of communicating through song suggests she probably is. If YouTube videos are the new trend for how celebrities handle breakups and get back at their exes, we all win, right?
Check out the video below. Is it a pointed jab at Justin, or just Selena goofing around with her pals?
Source: TMZ


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Report of the meeting of 25 June 2008
1. Opening of the meeting by the President, Annelise Oeschger
The meeting was opened by the President.
2. Adoption of the agenda [OING Conf (2008) OJ3]
Annelise Oeschger proposed, at the request of Anje Wiersinga (Vice-Chair of the Gender Equality Grouping), adding to the agenda a presentation on the results of the campaign to combat violence against women, including domestic violence.
The agenda was adopted.
3. Approval of the report of the meeting of 15 April 2008 [OING Conf (2008) CR2]
The report was approved.
4. Results of the European Youth survey conducted as part of the "Building a Europe for and with Children" campaign
Jenny Schuler (member of the Bureau) presented the results of this survey, begun one and a half years previously, to which 2,010 young people had responded. The results were available in hard-copy form and there was also a DVD.
5. Reorganisation of the structures and working methods of the Conference of INGOs
Annelise Oeschger said that the three aspects of the reform submitted for consideration and decision were the new rules of procedure, reorganisation of the thematic work, and the transitional provisions. The main thrust of the reform was to consolidate the position occupied by the Conference of INGOs in the Council of Europe in order to be able to convey more effectively citizens' expectations and aspirations and to make the Council of Europe's activities more widely known and acknowledged in the outside world.
5.1 New Rules of Procedure of the Conference of INGOs: for discussion and adoption
With regard, first of all, to the new Rules of Procedure, the President paid particular tribute to the invaluable contribution from the rapporteur, Claude-Laurent Genty (Honorary Founding Chair of the Liaison Committee) which had led to a single text for the proposed rules of procedure, available on the Conference website since 25 April 2008. At the Liaison Committee's meeting of 23 June, it had also been stressed that the role and rights of the transversal groups should be more apparent in the rules of procedure. Annelise Oeschger then gave the floor to the rapporteur to present the proposed amendments.
Claude-Laurent Genty said that the new rules of procedure were partly based on the two previous sets of rules of procedure, but introduced two major structural changes which were the setting up of committees in place of groupings and the transformation of the Liaison Committee into a Standing Committee. He said that seven INGOs had forwarded proposed amendments.
Claude-Laurent Genty presented the 28 proposed amendments received, one by one, rule by rule, in the light of the document distributed to all members of the Conference of INGOs. The President then put each proposed amendment to a vote:
Rule 1:
- regarding amendment No. 1 relating to paragraph 1.2.1 (creation of a "Delegate responsible for giving operative opportunity to all interested INGOs with participatory status to become involved in the activities of the Conference of INGOs" instead of a "Delegate responsible for co-ordination"), the rapporteur proposed that this delegate and the delegate for co-ordination be termed "rapporteurs": the amendment, thus modified, was adopted, with one vote against;
- regarding amendment No. 2 relating to paragraph 1.2.1 (creation of a Secretary General and three rapporteurs), the amendment was rejected, with five abstentions;
- regarding amendment No. 3 relating to paragraph 1.3.1 (reduction in the number of members of the Standing Committee), the amendment was rejected, with two votes against and five abstentions;
- regarding amendment No. 4 relating to paragraph 1.3.1 (removing INGO-Service from the list of members of the Standing Committee, given that INGO-Service was among the members of the Bureau who were automatically members of the Standing Committee), the amendment was adopted;
- regarding amendment No. 5 relating to paragraph 1.3.1 (adding to the membership of the Standing Committee, the outgoing President of the INGO Conference for three years and the honorary president(s) of the INGO Conference in a consultative capacity), it was suggested that the words "in a consultative capacity" be moved to the beginning of the third indent. The amendment, thus modified, was adopted, with one vote against;
The President put to the vote the whole of Rule 1. This was adopted with one vote against.
Rule 2:
- regarding amendment No. 6 relating to paragraph 2.1.2 (proposing that the INGO Conference not only adopt action lines but also define them), the rapporteur suggested merging this proposed amendment with amendment No. 7. The amendment (to be merged with Amendment No. 7) was adopted, with four votes against and three abstentions;
- regarding amendment No. 7 relating to paragraph 2.1.7 (proposing that the INGO Conference "organise" and not merely "strengthen" its participation in the Council of Europe Quadrilogue), it was suggested that the words ""having informed itself in this way" in the original paragraph be retained. The amendment was adopted, with two votes against and two abstentions;
- regarding amendment No. 8 relating to paragraph 2.1.9 (requesting clarification of the purpose and wording of the paragraph), the rapporteur said that this provision was already to be found in previous versions of the rules of procedure and constituted a minimum guarantee for INGOs in their relationship with the Council of Europe. In the light of this clarification, the amendment was withdrawn by its author;
- regarding amendment No. 9 relating to paragraph 2.2 (proposing that the Bureau appoint the Chairs of the transversal groups), a number of members said that the chairs of the transversal groups should be elected. The rapporteur explained that all the final specific provisions relating to the transversal groups would be discussed in October 2008 by the Standing Committee and decided by the INGO Conference in January 2009. Accordingly, the President suggested that amendment No. 9 should not be taken into account and that the transitional provisions should include details relating to the transversal groups. She therefore put to the vote two paragraphs concerning the transversal groups to be included in the transitional provisions as new paragraphs 6 and 7. New paragraph 6 was adopted, with 11 abstentions. New paragraph 7 was adopted, with four votes against and 15 abstentions;
- amendment No. 10 relating to paragraphs 2.2 and 2.3 (proposing inverting the order of these two paragraphs) was adopted, with one vote against and three abstentions;
- regarding amendment No. 11 relating to paragraphs 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 (concerning the representation of the Bureau and the Standing Committee at the European Union), the rapporteur proposed that it be considered together with amendment No. 15 relating to paragraph 2.3.4 (the terms of reference of the Standing Committee in respect of external relations). Amendment No. 11 was adopted, with two votes against and 16 abstentions; amendment No. 15 was adopted, with two votes against and eight abstentions;
- regarding amendment No. 12 relating to paragraph 2.2.6 (reports of the meetings of the Standing Committee), the rapporteur was of the opinion that such a rule was out of place in the rules of procedure and therefore suggested that the rule in question be removed. The amendment was rejected, with six votes against and ten abstentions;
- amendment No. 13 relating to paragraph 2.3.1 (proposing a clarification with regard to the terms of reference of the Standing Committee) was adopted, with four abstentions;
- amendment No. 14 relating to paragraph 2.3.3 (proposing that the Standing Committee take note of not only declarations issued by committees but also their resolutions) was adopted;
- with regard to amendment No. 15, please refer to amendment No. 11;
- amendment No. 16 relating to paragraph 2.3 (proposing that the Standing Committee formulate opinions on the list of INGOs to which the Secretary General of the Council of Europe intended to grant or withdraw participatory status, and therefore the insertion of a new paragraph in the rules of procedure after 2.3.4) was adopted, with one abstention;
- amendment No. 17 relating to paragraph 2.3.8 (proposing that the words "articles" be replaced by "written communications") was adopted;
- amendment No. 18 relating to paragraph 2.4.1 (proposing a change affecting only the French text) was adopted;
- amendment No. 19 relating to paragraph 2.4.3 (proposing a change affecting only the French text) was adopted, with one vote against and one abstention.
The President put to the vote the whole of Rule 2, which was unanimously adopted.
Rule 3:
- amendment No. 20 relating to paragraph 3.1.2 (proposing that INGOs must register with the Secretariat on the occasion of meetings of the INGO conference) was adopted, with one abstention;
- amendment No. 21 relating to paragraph 3.1.5 (proposing that invitations to meetings of the INGO Conference include the agenda) was adopted;
- amendment No. 22 relating to paragraph 3.1.10 (proposing that this paragraph come immediately after paragraph 3.1.6) was adopted, with one abstention;
- amendment No. 23 relating to paragraph 3.2.1 (proposing the addition of a missing word in the French text) was adopted;
- amendment No. 24 relating to paragraphs 3.2 and 3.3 (proposing that these two paragraphs be inverted) was adopted;
- amendment No. 25 relating to paragraph 3.3.5 (proposing that "Standing Committee" be replaced by "Conference of INGOs") was adopted, with eleven votes against and 19 abstentions, and was therefore inserted in section 3.1;
- amendment No. 26 relating to paragraph 3.3.6 (proposing the agreement of the Bureau for appointments by the President of the INGO Conference) was rejected, with 35 votes in favour and 45 against. A sub-amendment was proposed to the effect that rather than give its agreement, the Bureau should be consulted. This sub-amendment was adopted by 79 votes.
The President put to the vote the whole of Rule 3 of the Rules of Procedure. This was adopted, with three abstentions.
Rule 4:
- amendment No. 27 relating to paragraph 4.1.8 (proposing that the words "take place before" be replaced by the word "precede") was adopted, with one vote against;
- amendment No. 28 relating to paragraphs 4.3.16 and 4.3.17 was withdrawn by its author.
The President put to the vote the whole of Rule 4 of the Rules of Procedure. This was adopted, with one abstention.
The President put to the vote the whole of Rule 5 of the Rules of Procedure, for which there had been no proposed amendments. This was adopted, with one abstention.
The President put to the vote the whole of Rule 6 of the Rules of Procedure, for which there had been no proposed amendments. This was adopted unanimously.
The President put to the vote the whole of the Rules of Procedure. These were adopted.
5.2 Transitional provisions: for discussion and adoption
Claude-Laurent Genty explained that the proposed transitional provisions were a result of time-table constraints and were designed to enable the INGO Conference to function satisfactorily in the period between the adoption of the Rules of Procedure in June 2008 and the gradual introduction of the new structures in October 2008 and January 2009. He then presented the transitional provisions.
The President put the transitional provisions to the vote. These were adopted, with one abstention.
Claude-Laurent Genty thanked all members of the working group responsible for drawing up the new rules of procedure, the INGOs that had tabled amendments and the Secretariat, especially Jane Crozier (Civil Society/NGO Division) and all the representatives of the INGOs present. He thought that the new rules of procedure conferred upon the INGO Conference the attributes of a genuine pillar of the Council of Europe.
5.3 Thematic reorganisation: for discussion and adoption
Annelise Oeschger presented document OING Conf (2008) INF2 which contained two main proposals. The first, from the President, was to set up five new committees (human rights, culture and education, civil society and democracy, social cohesion and eradication of poverty, sustainable territorial development) and two transversal groups (gender equality and Europe and global challenges). The President then gave the floor to Jean-Claude Gonon (member of the Bureau) to present the second proposal which was to set up three committees with global but interacting approaches to current trends in society. In his view, the committees should not be confined to an exhaustive list of topics, but added that he was in agreement with the President's proposal and therefore wished to withdraw his own.
Several members emphasised the need to clarify the role of the transversal groups and their rights vis-à-vis the committees. It was also stressed that the terms of reference of the transversal groups should be drawn up by the INGO Conference, that their chairs should be appointed democratically and that they should meet after the committees in order to address the topics discussed by the latter. A case was made for retaining an "Equality" committee, but this was rejected by the Conference.
Annelise Oeschger said that the transversal groups could become involved in the work of the INGO Conference committees and send representatives to the intergovernmental steering committees. She made it clear that everything would be done to ensure that the transversal groups had the standing they deserved.
With regard to the names of the committees, the INGO Conference decided, following a discussion, that the French name of the human rights committee should be "droits humains" rather than "droits de l'homme" and that the culture and education committee should be "culture, science and éducation".
The President's proposal was put to the vote, with the changes concerning the committee names, but without the suggested thematic lists per committee. The proposal was adopted, with two votes against and eight abstentions.
6. Appointment of the Verification and Dispute Committee
Annelise Oeschger said that three members of the current committee were standing again. These were Janine Duprey-Kennedy (member of the Bureau), Giuseppe Guarneri (Intercenter) and Gilbert Nerson (B'Nai B'Rith "International Council"). There were therefore two new candidates: Maritchu Rall (Chair of the Extreme Poverty and Social Cohesion Grouping) and Rémi Berthier (International Union of European Guides and Scouts).
The President put the appointment of the five candidates to the vote. These appointments were approved, with two abstentions.
7. Civil society and local and regional democracy
Annelise Oeschger wished to extend special thanks to Anne-Marie Chavanon (FIHUAT) for having agreed to represent the Conference at the Stakeholders' Platform on the Council of Europe's Strategy for Innovation and Good Governance at Local Level, the first meeting of which was to be held in Strasbourg on 26 June 2008.
8. Civil society and fundamental rights: co-operation with the European Union
With regard to relations with the European Union's Fundamental Rights Agency, Annelise Oeschger referred to the meeting in Strasbourg on 18 June between the new Director of the Agency, Morten Kjaerum, Gabriel Nissim and herself. It was Mr Kjaerum who had wanted to meet the INGO Conference and the meeting had been particularly valuable for reaching a better understanding of the Agency's objectives and the possibilities for co-operation with the Conference.
In addition, the President wished to thank Marie-José Schmitt (European Action of the Disabled) for the publication she had produced on the European Union's Charter of Fundamental Rights, with the assistance of the Civil Society/NGO Division.
9. Draft Guiding Principles on "Extreme poverty and human rights: the rights of the poor" of the United Nations Human Rights Council: draft recommendation of the Conference of INGOs
Annelise Oeschger presented the draft recommendation of the INGO Conference on these draft guiding principles, calling on the Council of Europe member states to endeavour to secure the adoption of the principles by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2009.
The draft recommendation was adopted unanimously.
10. INGO Conference support for the voluntary sector: draft resolution of the Conference of INGOs
The President said that the Education and Culture Grouping had drawn up a draft reference text on voluntary action, which was of direct relevance to the INGO Conference. The resolution which had resulted from the reference text put forward a precise definition of voluntary action, called for the European bodies to proclaim 2011 "European Year of Voluntary Action" and invited the INGO Conference to form a working group to draft a recommendation on the voluntary sector.
The draft resolution was adopted, with two abstentions.
11. 3-year framework programme for strengthening civil society and citizen participation in the Russian Federation
Annelise Oeschger said that this framework programme followed on from the meeting on this subject held at the INGO Conference April session. She provided some information on this three-year programme drawn up with partners from Russian civil society, in consultation with the Russian Federation's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
12. 2nd Forum on Civic Partnership for Citizenship and Human Rights Education, Strasbourg, 9-10 October 2008
Alain Mouchoux (Chair of the Education and Culture Grouping) outlined the objectives of the Forum and its implications for the INGO Conference. He reminded participants that the deadline for registration for the Forum was 31 July 2008.
13. Date of the next meeting: 28 January 2009.


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Take A Shot: Babe of the Month Photo Tips & Tricks
Now What?
So you've taken your pictures, and it's time to submit them for BOTM.There are two ways to do it: e-mail them to 5.0 Mustang & Super Fords at
5.0 Mustang & Super Fords
9036 Brittany Way
Tampa, FL 33619
Hope this story has helped you out, at least you've got some greatpictures of your girl/yourself with your car, at the most you'll be acontender for Babe of the Month honors!
To see the pics from our Babe of the Month Photo Tips teaser story, click HERE
Here's a gallery of some good and bad photos to give you some more posing ideas and so you can see some other dos and don'ts that'll come in handy when you're taking Babe of the Month submission photos.


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