text:
An implant for installation into a portion of an articular surface includes a protrusion configured to cover an un-excised portion of articular surface proximate to the implant. Another implant may form a cavity to allow the un-excised portion of articular surface to remodel over a perimeter edge of the implant. The implant may also include indentations such as grooves to promote articular cartilage remodeling over a portion of the load bearing surface of the implant. An elongated or non-round implant is also provided having two opposing concentric arcuate shaped sides, as well as a method to seat such an implant in an articular surface. A method for seating an implant without cutting articular cartilage is also provided.
1. A method of mapping a surface contour of an articular surface comprising:
establishing a working axis extending from said articular surface;
providing a first probe having a first diameter;
measuring a first distance between at least a first point of said articular surface and a first plane substantially normal to said working axis at a distance substantially equal to said first diameter of said first probe from said working axis;
providing a second probe having a second diameter; and
measuring a second distance between at least a second point of said articular surface and a second plane substantially normal to said working axis at a distance substantially equal to said second diameter of said second probe from said working axis.
2. A method according to
3. A method according to
4. The method of
5. The method of
This application is a continuation application under 37 CFR � 1.53(b) of US application Ser. No. 10/162,533 filed Jun. 4, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,679,917, which is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 10/024,077, filed Dec. 17, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,067 which is itself a CIP application of application Ser. No. 09/846,657, filed May 1, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,520,964 which claims priority from U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/201,049, filed May 1, 2000, all of which are incorporated herein for reference.
This invention relates to devices and methods for the repair of defects that occur in articular cartilage on the surface of bones, particularly the knee.
Articular cartilage, found at the ends of articulating bone in the body, is typically composed of hyaline cartilage, which has many unique properties that allow it to function effectively as a smooth and lubricious load-bearing surface. However, when injured, hyaline cartilage cells are not typically replaced by new hyaline cartilage cells. Healing is dependent upon the occurrence of bleeding from the underlying bone and formation of scar or reparative cartilage called fibrocartilage. While similar, fibrocartilage does not possess the same unique aspects of native hyaline cartilage and tends to be far less durable.
Hyaline cartilage problems, particularly in knee and hip joints, are generally caused by disease such as occurs with rheumatoid arthritis or wear and tear (osteoarthritis), or secondary to an injury, either acute (sudden), or recurrent and chronic (ongoing). Such cartilage disease or deterioration can compromise the articular surface causing pain and further deterioration of joint function. As a result, various methods have been developed to treat and repair damaged or destroyed articular cartilage.
For smaller defects, traditional options for this type of problem include non-operative therapies (e.g., oral medication or medication by injection into the joint), or performing a surgical procedure called abrasion arthroplasty or abrasion chondralplasty. The principle behind this procedure is to attempt to stimulate natural healing. At the defect site, the bone surface is abraded, removing approximately 1 mm. or less using a high-speed rotary burr or shaving device. This creates an exposed subchondral bone bed that will bleed and will initiate a fibrocartilage healing response. Although this procedure has been widely used over the past two decades and can provide good short term results, (1-3 years), the resulting fibrocartilage surface is seldom able to support long-term weight bearing, particularly in high-activity patients, and is prone to wear.
Another procedure, referred to as the "microfracture" technique, incorporates similar concepts of creating exposed subchondral bone. During the procedure, the cartilage layer of the chondral defect is removed. Several pathways or "microfractures" are created to the subchondral bleeding bone bed by impacting a metal pick or surgical awl at a minimum number of locations within the lesion. By establishing bleeding in the lesion and by creating a pathway to the subchondral bone, a fibrocartilage healing response is initiated, forming a replacement surface. Results for this technique are generally similar to abrasion chondralplasty.
Another known option to treat damaged articular cartilage is a cartilage transplant, referred to as a Mosaicplasty or osteoarticular transfer system (OATS) technique. This involves using a series of dowel cutting instruments to harvest a plug of articular cartilage and subchondral bone from a donor site, which can then be implanted into a core made into the defect site. By repeating this process, transferring a series of plugs, and by placing them in close proximity to one another, in mosaic-like fashion, a new grafted hyaline cartilage surface can be established. The result is a hyaline-like surface interposed with a fibrocartilage healing response between each graft.
This procedure is technically difficult, as all grafts must be taken with the axis of the harvesting coring drill being kept perpendicular to the articular surface at the point of harvest. Also, all graft placement sites must be drilled with the axis of a similar coring tool being kept perpendicular to the articular surface at the point of implantation. Further, all grafts must be placed so that the articular surface portion of these cartilage and bone plugs is delivered to the implantation site and seated at the same level as the surrounding articular surface. If these plugs are not properly placed in relation to the surrounding articular surface, the procedure can have a very detrimental effect on the mating articular surface. If the plugs are placed too far below the level of the surrounding articular surface, no benefit from the procedure will be gained. Further, based on the requirement of perpendicularity on all harvesting and placement sites, the procedure requires many access and approach angles that typically require an open field surgical procedure. Finally, this procedure requires a lengthy post-operative non-weight bearing course.
Transplantation of previously harvested hyaline cartilage cells from the same patient has been utilized in recent years. After the cartilage is removed or harvested, it is cultured in the lab to obtain an increase in the number of cells. These cells are later injected back into the focal defect site and retained by sewing a patch of periosteal tissue over the top of the defect to contain the cells while they heal and mature. The disadvantages of this procedure are its enormous expense, technical complexity, and the need for an open knee surgery. Further, this technique is still considered somewhat experimental and long-term results are unknown. Some early studies have concluded that this approach offers no significant improvement in outcomes over traditional abrasion and microfracture techniques.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,835 to Hart et al. discloses an apparatus and method for repair of articular cartilage including a bone plug removal tool, and a bone plug emplacement tool. The method of repairing defective articular cartilage includes the steps of removing the defective cartilage and forming a hole of sufficient depth at the site. A bone plug comprising intact bone and cartilage adhering thereto is removed from a bone lacking defective cartilage is placed in the hole at the site of the damage.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,413,608 to Keller discloses a knee joint endoprosthesis for replacing the articular surfaces of the tibia comprising a bearing part which is anchored on the bone having an upper bearing surface and a rotatable plateau secured on the bearing surface and forming a part of the articular surface to be replaced. A journal rises from the bearing surface and cooperates with a bore in the plateau to provide lateral support.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,632,745 to Schwartz describes a method of surgically implanting into a site a bio-absorbable cartilage repair assembly. The assembly includes a bio-absorbable polygonal T-shaped delivery unit having radial ribs to be mounted in the removed area and a porous bio-absorbable insert supported by and in the delivery unit. The method comprises the steps of preparing the site to receive the assembly by removing a portion of the damaged cartilage and preparing the site to receive the assembly by drilling and countersinking the bone. The assembly is inserted and seated using an impactor in the drilled and countersunk hole in the bone until the assembly is flush with the surrounding articular surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,466 to Vitale illustrates an articular joint surface replacement system having two opposing components. Each component has a tapered head piece for covering the end of a bone and for acting as an articular surface, an integrally formed screw stem of sufficient length to extend into the bone and inwardly angled bone grips on the underside of the head piece to allow fixation to the bone by compression fit. The partially spherical convex shaped exterior of the first component complements the partially spherical concave shaped exterior of the second component.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,401 to Shaffer discloses an intra-articular measuring device including a hollow handle defining a first passageway and a hollow tube having a second passageway extending from the handle, the hollow tube carrying a projection at its distal end for seating on a fixed site and a probe disposed at the distal end of the hollow tube which may be directed to a second site, to enable measurement of the distance between the first and second sites.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,771,310 to Vannah describes a method of mapping the three-dimensional topography of the surface of an object by generating digital data points at a plurality of sample points on said surface, each digital data point including a property value and a position value corresponding to a particular point representing the properties of the surface of the object. A 3-D transducer probe (e.g., a digitizer) is moved on or over the surface along a random path, and the sample points are digitized to generate a real-time topography or map on a computer screen of selected properties of the object, including without limitation, surface elevation, indentation stiffness, elevation of sub-surface layers and temperature.
Prosthetics for total knee replacement (TKR), whereby the entire knee joint or a single compartment of the knee joint is replaced can be a common eventuality for the patient with a large focal defect. Although these patients are also managed with anti-inflammatory medications, eventual erosion of the remaining articular cartilage results in effusion, pain, and loss of mobility and/or activity for the patient. Problems encountered after implanting such prostheses are usually caused by the eventual loosening of the prosthetic due to osteolysis, wear, or deterioration of the cements used to attach the device to the host bones. Further, some prostheses used are actually much larger than the degenerated tissue that needs to be replaced, so that extensive portions of healthy bone are typically removed to accommodate the prostheses. Patients who undergo TKR often face a long and difficult rehabilitation period, and the life span of the TKR is accepted to be approximately 20 years. Accordingly, efforts are made to forgo the TKR procedure for as long as possible.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved joint surface replacement system that would be effective in restoring a smooth and continuous articular surface and that would also be as durable as the former hyaline cartilage surface, within the context of a minimally invasive procedure that allows for a nearly immediate return to activity, restoration of lifestyle, and pain relief.
An implant consistent with the invention for installation into a portion of an articular surface includes: a bone-facing distal surface; a proximal surface; and a protrusion formed by an extension of the bone-facing distal surface and the proximal surface.
Another implant consistent with the invention for installation into a portion of an articular surface includes: a bone-facing distal surface configured to mate with an implant site created by excising a portion of the articular surface; a proximal surface having a contour based on an original surface contour of the excised portion of the articular surface; and a cavity configured to allow an un-excised portion of the articular surface proximate to the implant to remodel over a perimeter edge of the proximal surface.
Another implant consistent with the invention for installation into a portion of an articular surface having an anterior portion, a posterior portion, a medial portion and a lateral portion includes: a bone-facing distal surface configured to mate with an implant site created by excising a portion of the articular surface; and a proximal surface having a contour based on an original surface contour of the excised portion of the articular surface, and at least two side surfaces each having a concentric arcuate shape with a common center, wherein the implant has an elongate arcuate geometric shape.
A method for replacing a portion of an articular surface of bone consistent with the invention includes: establishing a working axis substantially normal to an articular surface of bone; excising a portion of the articular surface adjacent to the axis, thereby creating an implant site, the implant site having a first and second opposing arcuate shaped sides; and installing an implant to the implant site.
Another method of replacing a portion of an articular surface of bone consistent with the invention includes: locating an existing defect in the articular surface; establishing a working axis substantially normal to the articular surface and substantially centered with the existing defect; excising a portion of the articular surface adjacent to the axis, thereby creating an implant site; and installing an implant in the implant site, wherein at least a portion of the existing defect is exposed around a perimeter of the implant.
Another implant for installation into a portion of an articular surface consistent with the invention includes: a bone-facing distal surface configured to mate with an implant site created by excising a portion of the articular surface; a proximal surface having a contour based on an original surface contour of the excised portion of the articular surface; at least one arcuate shaped side surface configured to abut an edge of the excised portion of the articular surface, the arcuate shaped side surface having a radial extension configured to cover an un-excised portion of the articular surface proximate to the implant.
Another method for replacing a portion of an articular surface of bone consistent with the invention includes: establishing a working axis substantially normal to an articular surface of bone, the articular surface having a medial side and lateral side defining a width of the articular surface; excising a portion of the articular surface adjacent to the axis, thereby creating an implant site, wherein the excising is performed using a cutting tool that rotates about the axis, the cutting tool having a circular blade portion, the circular blade portion having a diameter greater than the width of the articular surface; and installing an implant to the implant site.
Another implant consistent with the invention for installation into a portion of an articular surface includes: a bone-facing distal surface configured to mate with an implant site created by excising a portion of the articular surface; and a proximal surface having a contour based on an original surface contour of the excised portion of the articular surface, wherein the proximal surface has at least one indentation formed in the proximal surface configured to promote remodeling of articular cartilage over a portion of the proximal surface of the implant once seated.
As an overview,
As illustrated in
One or more milled slots 13 run the length of the uniform diameter portion of the screw 10. Slots 13 ensure that as healing or tissue in-growth begins, migrational or rotational movement of the screw is inhibited. The screw 10 is configured to be driven by a female or socket type driver 2 as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Also, while many of the components described herein are cannulated, having guide apertures, through holes, and/or central lumina along their length, for disposing such components about a guide rod for proper location of the components with respect to the articular surface, it should be recognized that a suture 313 or other flexible element, or other guide feature may be used in place of a guide rod, or a guide rod or wire may be eliminated altogether from one or more steps consistent with the invention described herein. As shown in
As shown in
In order to secure the implant 40 to the fixation screw 10, precision taper 44 is machined into or onto a protrusion 45 on the top surface 42 of the implant. The precision taper 44 is configured to engage the cylindrical proximal extension 14 of the screw 10, once the hex-shaped cover 30 has been removed therefrom. Taper 44 may be mated with extension 14 so that a friction fit is provided between these surfaces. The assembled fixation device is shown in
As shown in
By way of example,
A drill mechanism 306, as illustrated in
For surface preparation and accurate measurement of the implant site and the subsequent sizing of the implant, instrument 120 is provided. The compass instrument 120 may be configured to serve as a mounting tool for a number of functional blades or tips and when located about the axis 20A, via guide rod 20, may be used for measuring and cutting operations. In the embodiment shown in
Referring to
As illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in
Turning now to
Turning to
For example, as shown in
Locating surfaces or features created on the radius cover 30, or along some length of the fixation screw 10, hex-shaped drive surface of the screw 14 or on the cylindrical proximal extension (or recess) of the screw 14, correlate to some surface or feature on the measuring tool 70 and allow the measurement of the rotational position of the four measured points 81 a, 81 b, 82 and 82 b, about the reference axis 20A with respect to said locating surfaces. This data becomes important in configuring the implant 40 with respect to the fixation screw 10 so that the proper orientation of said measured points to fabricated geometry is maintained. Of course, such measuring tool can be configured to measure any number of points at any interval desired.
While the measurements are illustrated in
Other embodiments of measuring and recording tools are possible. One such embodiment of a measuring and recording tool 210′ is shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Referring now to
Datum curves 86 and 87, representing the medial-lateral ("ML") and anterior-posterior ("AP") curves, are constructed by connecting the end points of the line elements 81 a and 81 b, and 82 a and 82 b and the point of origin 80, which is common to both curves. These two datum curves 86 and 87 can be used to construct the articular or bottom surface 41 of the prosthetic implant 40. By sweeping datum curve 87 along a path defined by datum curve 86, a three dimensional surface is now defined.
By constructing this series of geometric relationships in a known parametric engineering model, patient-specific geometry can be input as values and the model algorithm can be run to reproduce the anatomic contours mapped in the patients within only a few moments. As a process, this generic model is the starting point for all patient treatments. Sterile pins, screws, and measuring devices that are all non-patient-specific may be stocked in the hospital and ready to use whenever an appropriate defect is diagnosed. Patient-specific data may be transmitted from the surgeon to the fabricating facility via an interface to the Internet or other network. Data input into the interface may be read directly into the generic parametric model to produce a viewable and even mappable patient-specific parametric model within moments. Confirmation by the surgeon could initiate a work order for the production of the patient specific device. Existing technology allows the parametric model to generate toolpaths and programming, e.g., to a CAD/CAM system comprising appropriate hardware and/or software coupled to appropriate data-driven tools, to fabricate the implant.
Defining two additional datum curves 88 and 89, at offset distances from datum curves 86 and 87, is performed to define the top or non-bearing surface 42 of the implant 40. This top surface 42 should be closely matched to the bearing surface geometry to be implanted without having to remove an excessive quantity of bone from the chondral surface.
Referring to
For example, as shown in
As shown in
However, if a greater depth of implant is needed as a result of the defect appearance the offset curves 88 and 89 (as shown in
With reference now to
Referring to
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in
As shown in
Additional data can be taken at the time of the initial procedure, e.g., for fabricating a non-circular implant. Additional data curves can also be defined by measuring the offsets from the reference axis 20A and determining diameters at these offsets. The final implant geometry, although measured using circular techniques, need not be circular.
Referring to
Turning to
If necessary, the arthroscopic wound 200 is expanded slightly in either a vertical or horizontal direction, so that the implant 40 may be passed through. A polymeric sleeve (not shown) positioned over the implant may prove helpful in passing the implant through the incision. As shown in
As shown in
Referring to
Finally, as shown in
Alternatively, guide aperture 46 in the implant 40 may be altogether eliminated by using an alternative implant delivery system, as shown in
As shown in
Further composite implant embodiments are illustrated in
Other materials from which an implant consistent with the invention may be constructed, in whole or in part, include ceramic, e.g. aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide; metal and metal alloys, e.g. Co—Cr—W—Ni, Co—Cr-M, CoCr alloys, CoCr Molybdenum alloys, Cr—Ni—Mn alloys, powder metal alloys, 316L stainless steel, Ti 6Al-4V ELI; polymers, e.g., polyurethane, polyethylene (wear resistant and cross-linked), thermoplastic elastomers; biomaterials, e.g. polycaprolactone; and diffusion hardened materials, e.g. Ti-13-13, Zirconium and Niobium. Coatings used may include, e.g., porous coating systems on bone-contacting surfaces, hydrophilic coatings on load-bearing surfaces, hydroxyapatite coatings on bone-contacting surfaces, and tri-calcium phosphate on bone-contacting surfaces. Additionally, components of the invention may be molded or cast, hand-fabricated, or machined.
Alternatively, measurement methods may be utilized whereby radius measurements are taken with respect to an axis AA corresponding to an axis about the point of origin in the implant to be used (as shown in
It is noted that, although the invention is herein described as utilizing a single reference axis, multiple reference axes may be used for measuring, mapping, or cutting a single defect or an articular surface having multiple defects, as well as for fabricating a single implant, or multiple implants for a single articular surface, consistent with the invention. In other embodiments, methods for mapping the defect and/or articular surface other than those described hereinabove are possible, e.g., MRI or CT scanning, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, bone density, other stereotactic systems, nuclear medicine, or other sound or light wave-based imaging methods.
It is further noted that, although the invention is described herein as utilizing the specific geometry of a patient's articular surface to fabricate an implant for that patient, it is contemplated that data from a plurality of patients may be analyzed statistically and utilized in fabricating and/or manufacturing (e.g. in large quantities) one or more universal, generic, or standard supply item type implants for medical practitioners to use in a procedure consistent with the invention. For such implants, as well as for patient-specific implants as described herein, pre- or post-implantation trimming may be required to correct for minor variations that may occur as between the implant and the subchondral bone (or other articular surface).
It should be understood that, although the various tools described hereinabove, e.g., for measuring, cutting, and seating, are described as separate devices, a single handle, shaft and/or instrument may be configured to serve as a universal mounting tool for a series of devices for performing various functions consistent with the invention.
Referring now to
With reference now to
As illustrated in
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the cutting tool may be motorized in certain embodiments, and/or alternatively, as illustrated in
It should be noted that, alternatively, contact surfaces may be constructed of some pliable, or malleable material(s) so that independently moving rigid mechanical members are not necessary. As long as the contact surfaces provide a normalizing force to some central shaft when the contact surfaces are applied to the articular surface, a normal axis could be defined.
In another embodiment, this biaxial guide could be replaced by a series of sized "trials" or gauges of predefined surfaces of varying dimensions, which are simply pressed onto the articular surface to visually determine an appropriate fit. These gauges may resemble an implant, as described herein, without any features (e.g., fixation element or screw) on the underside, and may contain a handling tab or other element for holding the gauge. The contact surfaces of these gauges may have a circular cross section, an ovular cross section, or another cross-section comprising a plurality of points to surround a defect in an articular surface, and the plurality of points may or may not lie in the same plane. Although they may be less precise or less accurate than other measuring methods described herein, it is contemplated that implant selection could be made directly from these gauges.
Exemplary strips and heads may include those manufactured by U.S. Digital™ Corporation of Vancouver, Wash., USA.
Turning now to
It should be noted that in the digital measuring system and method described hereinabove (as well as any of the mapping/measuring techniques herein), a second (or third, etc.) set of data points may be taken, and the subsequent set(s) of data points compared with the original data points taken, to reduce the margin of error from taking only a single set of data points. Thus, a software algorithm in a system or method consistent with the invention may comprise appropriate routines to effect such comparisons, for error reduction purposes.
Further Alternative Implant Structures
Turning to
The implant 6200 may include a radial ring 6220 formed on the bone-facing distal surface of the implant 6200. The radial ring may be dimensioned to the excised portion such that the arcuate shaped outer side surface 6223 defines the size of the cut portion in the articular surface. The radial ring 6220 may have a width r4 in a radial direction from the center point P of the implant 6200 and a height h1 in the z-axis direction. The arcuate shaped outer side surface 6223 of the radial ring 6220 may be a radial distance r1 from the center point P of the implant 6200. The radial ring 6220 may also include a plurality of radial slots 6224 spaced evenly along the circumference of the ring in order to assist with anchoring of the implant to the bone.
Turning the
The top or proximal surface 6232 of the protrusion 6204 may simply be an extension of the proximal or load bearing surface 6205 of the implant 6200. As such, the protrusion 6204 extends beyond the outside arcuate edge 6223 of the radial ring 6220. Accordingly, the protrusion 6204 has a width r3 at any one point along the perimeter of the implant 6200 equal to the difference between the radial distance r2 from the center point P of the implant to the exterior edge 6214 of the protrusion 6204 and the radial distance r1 from the center point P of the implant to the outside arcuate edge 6223 of the radial ring 6220. The width r3 of the protrusion may be a consistent width around the entire perimeter of the implant or may vary along the perimeter as conditions of the proximate articular cartilage vary.
The protrusion 6204 is also defined by a bone-facing or distal surface 6206 that may extend to cover a portion of the un-excised articular surface 6218. The distal surface 6206 of the protrusion 6204 may be shaped in any number of ways to match the mating edge of the articular surface 6218 proximate to the distal surface 6206 of the rim 6204. As illustrated in
Turning to
Turning to
Turning to
Turning to
Turning to
Turning to
The implant 6500 has a length from an anterior end of the implant to a posterior end of the implant along a segment of the arc ArcAP. The implant also had a width from the medial end of the implant to the lateral end of the implant along a segment of the arc ArcML. Obviously, the arc segment in the ML plane is less than the arc segment in the AP plane, for the non-round or elongate shaped implant 6500.
The implant 6500 may also have one concentric arcuate shaped side surface 6517 located opposite another concentric arcuate shaped side surface 6519. Such side surfaces 6517, 6519 are concentric with a common center. Such side surfaces 6517, 6519 are also configured to mate with a cut or reamed edge of bone and/or articular cartilage when seating the implant. The implant 6500 also has a length 16500 in a plane defined by the maximum distance between two points on the arcuate shaped side surfaces 6517, 6519.
The implant also may also have two other opposing side surfaces 6521, 6523. Such surfaces 6521, 6523 are generally flat to where the surface cutter "runs off" of the condyle. The distance in a plane between the two side surfaces 6521, 6523 define the width w6500 of the implant 6500. Having such an elongated or non-round implant allows the treatment of a greater variety of articular defects, and may also be effective in reducing fray between the perimeter of the cut articular cartilage and the implant 6500.
When articular surface mapping is done using one axis normal to the surface of the implant, two measuring probes may be utilized. One measuring probe may be utilized to map the points for the AP curve and another smaller diameter measuring probe may be utilized to map the points for the ML curve so as it is revolved its captures the data for points M and L. The implant 6500 may be defined by the ML curve swept along the AP curve as previously described herein. Alternatively, the implant may be a generic bone surface implant as previously described with reference to
Turning to
The implant site 6511 may be generated a number of ways. In one instance, a reaming or cutting tool 6524 having a circular blade portion 6526 with a blade diameter dblade greater than the width Wsurface of the articular surface 6608 to which the implant will be affixed may be utilized. Another exemplary reaming tool 744 is discussed more fully with reference to
This straight line distance dAP in an AP plane is dependent on a number of factors including the depth of the cutout bottom surface 6510 compared to the top or proximal surface 6505 of the implant, and the shape of the surrounding articular surface 6508 to which the implant will be applied. Once properly reamed, the implant site 6511 of
Turning to
In one exemplary method of setting the non-round implant 6500, the diameter φ2 of one measuring probe may be used to define the diameter dblade of a round blade 6526 from a reaming tool 6524. As such, the diameter φ1 of such a measuring probe may typically be equal to the diameter dblade of the round blade 6526 from a reaming tool 6524. The diameter φ2 from another measuring probe may defines the ML curve and hence the arcuate width of the implant along that curve.
Turning to
Protrusion 6605 is generally similar to protrusion 6606 so for clarity, description herein is made to protrusion 6606 only. Protrusion 6606 may extend radially from the arcuate shaped side surface 6623 to cover an un-excised portion 6634 of articular surface 6608 (see
The protrusion 6606 has a width r3 at any one point along the arc of the implant on the anterior side equal to the difference between the radial distance r2 from the center point P of the implant to the exterior edge 6640 of the protrusion 6606, and the radial distance r1 from the center point P of the implant to the outside arcuate side surface 6623. The width r3 of the rim may be a consistent width around the perimeter of the arc or may vary as conditions of the mating articular cartilage vary. Although not illustrated, the protrusions 6605, 6606 of the elongated implant 6600 may also have protuberance to more securely affix the rim to the articular cartilage as described and illustrated earlier with reference to
Turning to
Turning to
In other words, the implant 6700 is mapped and placed within the borders of the existing defect. As such, the portion of the articular surface excised for the implant site has a surface area less than the surface area of the defect. Such an alternative method may be accomplished by any of the variety of methods discussed herein. For instance, one method may include locating the defect in the articular surface, establishing a working axis substantially normal to the articular surface and substantially centered within the defect, excising a portion of the bone surface adjacent to the axis thereby creating an implant site 6711, and installing the implant in the implant site where a least a portion 6707, 6709 of the existing defect is exposed around a perimeter of the defect. Such a method may require measuring down to the exposed subchondral bone, or measuring the articular cartilage surface in closes proximity to the implant site. Of course, a portion of the defect 6707 proximate to the posterior side may, of course, have a different shape or configuration as that portion of the defect 6709 proximate to the anterior side of the implant 6700 when seated.
Turning to
Turning to
Turning to
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is subject to other modifications and/or alterations, all of which are deemed within the scope of the present invention, as defined in the hereinafter appended claims.
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text:
Derivations of the name Peter Paul within the Abenaki community
Contributed by Maine Historical Society
Purchase a reproduction of this item on VintageMaineImages.com.
Richard M. Gaffney, graduate fellow in History at the University of Maine, describes the meaning and derivations of the name Peter Paul within the Abenaki community.
Other Information
- Title: Derivations of the name Peter Paul within the Abenaki community
- Creator: McGaffney, Richard
- Creation Date: 1960-06-13
- Subject Date: 1960-06-13
- Town: Woodstock
- State: ME, NB
- Media: Ink on paper
- Local Code: Coll. 61
- Collection: Proprietors of the Township of Brunswick papers
- Object Type: Text and Image
For more information about this item, contact:
Maine Historical Society
489 Congress Street, Portland, ME 04101
(207) 774-1822
Cross Reference Searches
LC Subject Headings
Names, Indian--Canada, Eastern
Abenaki Indians
Indians of North America--Maine
Malecite Indians
Names, Indian--Maine
Indians of North America--Canada, Eastern
Penobscot Indians
Paul, Peter L.
Pere, Pole
Pol, Piel
Paul, Pierre
Pole, Pier
Other Keywords
Native Americans
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Rsync Interface for Maemo
Grsync, a graphical user interface for the rsync synchronization tool, is now available in version 1.0.0 for Maemo.
The Maemo port has its own presence in the Maemo Garage. On the Linux desktop the program now runs with Gtk versions older than 2.18, for which the developers have now removed a problematic Gtk library call. Grsync also includes a help dialog about the trailing slash on directories and a new -i option to enable importing session data on the command line.
Grsync 1.0.0 is under GPLv2. The project page has the source code, packages for numerous Linux distros and additional ports for Windows and Mac OS X.
Issue 177/2015
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Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.


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Jab Tak Hai Jaan is a romance that does woo you at times you least expect it. But for most parts it doesn't let you forget that it is after all a film.
All roads will lead to the theaters this Diwali to pay tribute to Yash Chopra.
Whether you like the film or not, it will just be an experience to watch his last film along with many cinema lovers. Interestingly, very little is known about the plot of Jab Tak Hai Jaan except that Shah Rukh Khan plays an army personnel. This seems only a backdrop for one of Yash Chopra's fortes - bringing romance alive on screen as Shah Rukh Khan romances Katrina Kaif and Anushka Sharma romances him.
Sure, it brings a cringe or two seeing him paired against women so much younger. But Shah Rukh Khan is forgiven for romancing women almost half is age for just the energy he brings to his dances. Just look at what he does here at 0:55 in this video.
Also, the otherwise lame choreography can be forgiven for that one step, no?
That besides we get to see Anushka Sharma exuberant and Katrina Kaif play a mystical beauty all over again. Despite these predictable elements, something about the promos and faith in Yash Chopra tells me that there will be enough moments created by the three lead actors for this Diwali to be a fond remembrance of the man.
However, I must say that the lyrics of the much advertised poetry by Aditya Chopra are rather blah and more boring lyrics come in the form of 'saans' and 'Challa'
Let's hope this is made up for in terms of dialogue and a solid display of relationships in a dramatic but rooted story - the things that we want to remember Yash Chopra by.
Music Reviews:
Milliblog - "Rahman brings his own sound to Yash Raj and the result is largely impressive."
Music Aloud - "7/10"
dunkdaft - "This, is one good, not great album that it needed to be."
Bollywood Hungama - "3.5/5"
Bollyspice - "3.5/5"
Apun Ka Choice - "3/5"
Happy Sing - "the trio of the greatest lyricist and musician of India with one great director comes out okay, but this is not what was expected of them. Hope things get a little better. But somehow I feel disappointed one year after Rockstar."
If you cannot see a video above, click here to see it on YouTube
In your parlance... Even the keen wait for DVD... I was pleasantly surprised to see Anushka Sharma outshine both SRK and Katrina in the movie... The only time the movie engages you when she is on screen and she does light up the 70mm... For the two other leads they can do such roles in their sleep... SRK as the brooding lover and Kat as the UK bred who ultimately falls for a desi... I guess other reviewers are being kind to the movie since its his last... There is nothing new in the movie but visually it strikes a very elegant pose... Just wish there was more substance to the story!!!
Yep @Rachit! I agree :D
Spot on with the review Meeta. Anushka was the saving grace for me and SRK of course wins me over with his brooding looks every time. I just do not get Katrina acting as UK bred with her American accent! No chemistry with SRK whatsoever, as wooden as always, cannot figure out the fuss over her. But yes I went to watch it so that I could see Yash Chopra's swan song so to speak!
SRK the icon and king of romance steals the whole show. Holy God give him more years so that he continues to entertain us. Meetu your entitled to give fair review and unbiased , we as audience sometimes get so much immerssed in the character that we overlook the fundamentals of filmaking. This was one such film . I encountered nostalgia while watching this film, i was reminded of the by gone romantic films which Shah Rukh immortalised with his charismatic performance and dialogue. Once again the King earns the respect and loyality from his fans with this film. As for the ladies i can hardky think of comparing them with Kajol and Rani,. .
@Simy Thanks! However, I can't say the same when he acts as if he's angry or wants to kiss... :P Just when he wants to convince his woman, he loves her...that look! That one is what I guess makes him a romantic hero...
@guddu well, I don't know about that really...
Direction: 2
Story: 1.5
Lead Actors: 2.5
Character Artists: 2.5
Dialogues: 2.5
Screenplay: 2
Music Director: 0.5
Lyrics: 2
Story line and screenplay was weak as compared to new generation movies. SRK looked ODD with beautiful KAT. Katrina's acting needs to improve but i guess she doesn't need that because of her beauty. Anushka Sharma was good. The first 20 minutes of the movie was ok but fails to impress after that. Below average music not up to par with yshji movie.
@Suman yes, yes and yes :D
Meeta, I waited for 2 decades to watch SRK do an on-screen kiss and then he finally goes and kisses that plastic Katrina, what a waste!!! How I wish it was Anushka he had kissed on screen.....ah well, hopefully this will be the beginning of many more 'the script demands it' on screen kisses from SRK :-)
Stop saying katrina "plastic" , she performed very convincing and never looked effortless. Atleast better than the skimpy clad anushka who wears tinest shorts and shortest tops when its winter in jammu. :P
@Simy I didn't think it quiet worked. He seemed to stiff when it looked like he wanted to kiss. Not to mention, the direction didn't help. All that slow-mo, those long pauses and the dialogue-baazi surrounding the kiss(es) just killed the spontaneity. I have little hope of seeing a decent kiss from any of our "stars"!
@Guddu Well, Katrina was in short dresses in the winters of London. But, anyway, that is the director's call, hardly the artists'. And for me Katrina was just the usual, nothing close to what she can do like say she did in ZNMD or even in Mere Brother ki Dulhan.


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|calendar>>April 5. 2009 Juche 98
Anniversary of Chondoism Observed
|Pyongyang, April 5 (KCNA) -- The Heaven Day Ceremony was held in Pyongyang Sunday to commemorate the 149th anniversary of the foundation of Chondoism.
Present there were Chairwoman Ryu Mi Yong, Advisor O Ik Je and officials of the Korean Chondoist Church Central Guidance Committee and Chondoists in Pyongyang.
Kang Chol Won, vice-chairman of the committee, said in his report at the ceremony that Chondoism was founded in the latter half of the 19th century guided by such ideas as "Rejection of West and Japan," "Promotion of the National Interests and Welfare of the People," "Broad Salvation of the People," and "Paradise," reflecting the patriotic desire and will of the Korean people to struggle against feudalism and aggression and the proud course of history covered by the Korean nation is recorded with the patriotic struggle of the Chondoists.
Noting that the reunification of the country has not yet been achieved because of the anti-reunification and confrontation moves stepped up by the Lee Myung Bak group hell-bent on sycophancy and dependence upon foreign forces, he stressed that all Chondoists who truly love the country and are concerned about the destiny of the nation should single-mindedly unite and wage a powerful nationwide struggle to frustrate the evermore vicious moves of traitor Lee Myung Bak to block reunification and escalate the confrontation with the DPRK.
He called upon all the Chondoists in the north and the south to firmly unite under the banner of "By our nation itself" and devote their all to the sacred cause of achieving the independent national reunification.
The participants prayed for the earliest possible achievement of national reunification and the realization of the ideal of Chondoism.
Copyright (C) KOREA NEWS SERVICE(KNS) All Rights Reserved.


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Home > collabs > Ride x SpaceKnuckle Package Giveaway
Ride and artist SpaceKnuckle have teamed up for a collab that puts pixelated imagery on Rides 15k Newport jacket, twin cambered DH board, Stellar Glove and Battery board bag. We're ready to ride this winter and want you to be prepared for the mountain so we're giving away the entire package to one lucky reader. To enter the contest you must to live in U.S. and like both Ride Snowboards and Radcollector on FB. Head to our FB page for more info and hit the jump to see the gear.
[…] the rest of Ride x SpaceKnuckle Package Giveaway (0 […]
Hey RIDE
I bought this 2012 machete last year off of craigs and upon closer inspection found the the edging was cracked. The guy that sold it to me sold it top dollar. I don't have the flow now for a new board. Help a brotha out!!
Hopefully shredding soon.
If I don't win something soon, I'm gonna start skiing….. Not really but its getting bad…. Help
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Cuticura Kids: Playing safe
Hand Serum: The handbag hero!
For the home: New Hand Washes
CSI Suburbia
It's one of the oldest questions in the parenting handbook, but exactly what do kids get up to when not under the watchful eye of their parents? The 'Journey of the Germ' study, led by Professor Lisa Ackerley on behalf of Cuticura, set out to uncover just how far children explore when parents backs are […]


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Finally, if you want to see how you wrote the command along with the typeset version, put the word debug at the beginning of your math. That is how this tutorial was created.
debug x + y
will produce
x + y
To put comments in the .nat file, note that any line beginning with # will not be processed by Natural Math.
To start a new page, issue the one line command (followed by a blank line)


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What's your favourite song from the UnoDosTré trilogy? Any particular reasons why? Mines a toss-up between X-Kid, Dirty Rotten Bastards, Nightlife and Makeout Party, but I think Dirty Rotten Bastards just about wins the day, because of that middle part. (Fuck the world, this is my revolution...Dust to dust when the red light flashes)
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Favourite song from the ¡Trilogy!
Started by JaHawk2009 , Dec 08 2012 04:12 AM
Posted 08 December 2012 - 04:12 AM
Posted 08 December 2012 - 04:14 AM
Well that's tough I should give a listen to all three albums if I am to choose a song.
Posted 08 December 2012 - 04:15 AM
Nuclear Family is fucking amazing !
Posted 08 December 2012 - 04:18 AM
We actually have a thread in Shenanigans for lists like this that you can go post this in
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I'm kind of stunned that we found out about an interview BEFORE it takes place – that doesn't happen often with Garrett lol.
The Canal+ program has announced a meeting with Walter Salles (director of On the Road ), Kristen Stewart, Garrett Hedlund, and Sam Riley, 20 May next, on the channel Canal+, at 11:35 on the TV show 'Rencontre de cinéma'. It will be 20 minutes long.
Translation of the article under the cut:
• Out in theaters on May 23rd (In France)
Cult. In 1957, Jack Kerouac changed the world of literature with "On The Road", the cult book of the Beat Generation. Many filmmakers tried to adapt the autobiographical diary of this writer who travelled accros the US by his own means.
Francis Ford Coppola had a tough time but he did not give up: He went to Brazil to find Walter Salles and entrusted the project to him so he could produce it.
After filming the journey of Che Guevara accros Latin America on his motorcycle ("The Motorcycle Diaries" who was apart of the Official Selection in Cannes in 2004), Salles started looking for informations about the book. The cream of the crop of the new generation of actors, including Kristen Stewart who changed register after "Twilight", is playing a young woman in search of freedom. "On The Road is a universal story about child immigrants who don't know how to fit in the Puritan culture of America in the 1950s," the director said.
"It's also the end of the road when the conquest of the west comes to an end, and with it, a part of the American dream. In our time, we can have the feeling that we've already done and saw everything. That there's nothing left to decode…"
Emblematic. "I discovered 'On The Road' when I was a teenager in brazil, under the military dictatorship," the director of 'Central Do Brasil' added. "The novel wasn't translated yet, so I read it in English. The book was passed from hand to hand at University. To this day, it's still an emblematic work for me: the Beat Generation redefined the way people used to live or how they wanted to live." It seemed impossible and yet, Walter Salles won the challenge: This wonderful movie is swept by an irresistible wind of freedom, that may not leave the croisette indifferent.
Sources: source and eurofabulous and @SomeLostBliss via source
This entry was posted on Saturday, April 21st, 2012 at 8:59 am and is filed under On The Road. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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One of the big problems with Linux, and this is from other game developers too, is the problem of targeting a specific version of the platform. Since everyone is free to create their own distros, they can become somewhat unstandardized. That makes "targeting linux" difficult.
Add on that there are far fewer linux users than windows/mac users, and that you can play wow on linux using Wine... and there isn't a lot of reason to target even a specific distro.


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Below are some questions we have recieved on our Facebook page that we wanted to answer:
FOX than have my bill go up." Tribune just wants to squeeze DirecTV for money that would get passed to subscribers. What are you asking for and how much would it raise my rates?"
Fox CT: We asked for less than a penny per day per subscriber. Since you're already being charged by DirecTV, there's no reason DirecTV should increase your bill to compensate us fairly. DirecTV has never given us money for carrying Fox CT. They pay other broadcasters and we've asked for a similarly-fair deal.
Viewer: "I don't think DirecTV should pay a penny for local stations. Local stations should be free. If you're telling us to go get an antenna for free, why should DirecTV pay you?"
Fox CT: At the local level, Fox CT incurs the increasing costs of developing original programming, buying high-quality syndicated shows, expanding news, and airing live sporting events like baseball -- all without compensation from DirecTV. That's simply not fair, especially since they charge you for local stations. What we've asked for amounts to less than a penny per day, per subscriber. Since DirecTV already charges you for local channels, we don't know why you should see an increase in your monthly bill.
Viewer: "DirecTV said Tribune made them take the stations down. Why can't you stay on the air while you work this out with DirecTV?"
Fox CT: By federal law, DirecTV cannot carry our local stations without an agreement in place. We believe it's unfair to let DirecTV continue retransmitting our shows without compensation, given the increasing costs of developing original programming, buying high-quality syndicated shows, expanding news, and airing live sporting events.
Viewer:"What about this? Any comment on this? 'As of Thursday, March 29th, we had a handshake deal for their channels and they reneged on their offer.' "
Fox CT: The truth is that we NEVER had a deal with DirecTV, handshake or otherwise, on Thursday or any other day. Look at DirecTV's history in these types of negotiations. They put their subscribers in the middle. Just three months ago, blackouts threatened NFL playoffs and Golden Globes.
Viewer: "DirecTV says they've 'always compensated Tribune and have agreed to all of their demands for cash payments going forward.' Who is lying?"
Fox CT: DirecTV is trying to confuse you by mixing up your local station, Fox CT, and WGN America, our national cable network. DirecTV has never paid us for carrying Fox CT, although we have received payment for WGN America.
Thank you for all the input you have supplied. Please continue to use our Facebook page to ask questions and for the latest updates Text DIRECTV to 37798 to receive updates on the status of FOX and WCCT-TV on DirecTV. *You may receive up to 10 msgs per week. Text STOP to 37798 to end subscription. Text HELP to 37798 for info. Standard message and data rates apply.


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Hi Motionographers! We're at SIGGRAPH 2011, here in beautiful Vancouver. SIGGRAPH is the Association for Computing Machinery's annual conference on computer graphics, where you can find the most recent academic research and commercial software/hardware developments for computer graphics and interactive technology. This year, upwards of 20,000 artists, research scientists, gaming developers, engineers, filmmakers, and academics have descended on the conference.
Personally, I can't fully understand the complex, image-crunching equations that make up much of the nitty-gritty research presented at the SIGGRAPH Technical Papers. However, I am still excited about seeing the research that unpins the tools that will crop up in our software and hardware one, two, five years down the line. SIGGRAPH is the place where now-widespread concepts like 3D camera projection or the Puppet Tool, first premiered.
You want to search through giant databases of 3D models by submitting a rough polygon shape and finding its closest neighbor? Someone has already solved the problem . You hate how when you try to hue shift someone's clothes the fabric never ends up looking right? A SIGGRAPH talk detailed how to fix that. You want the 3D software to make those pesky pop-up books for you? Yes, someone here has an algorithm for that.
On Day 1, SIGGRAPH holds its Technical Papers Fast Forward event, where each of the 100+ presenters have just under sixty seconds to get across the core ideas of their research. After two hours of back-to-back knowledge bombs, you feel dizzy with excitement, and also a bit of bleeding-edge technology fatigue.
Below are some highlights from the SIGGRAPH 2011 technical papers that particularly relate to our field, and also happened to have excellent documentation on the web.
Exploration of Continuous Variability in Collections of 3D Shapes
Maksim Ovsjanikov (Stanford University), Wilmot Li (Adobe Systems, Inc.), Leonidas Guibas (Stanford University), Niloy J. Mitra (KAUST)
Understanding Shapes | MONDAY, 8 AUGUST 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
Anyone who has dug through a 3D model library looking for a "lamp post" or "plane" or "car" has probably run into the problem of not being further able to par down their search results in a meaningful way. These guys have a solution that uses an editable template model to narrow down your search results.
Illumination Decomposition for Material Recoloring with Consistent Interreflections
Rob Carroll, Ravi Ramamoorthi, Maneesh Agrawala, (University of California, Berkeley)
Tone Editing | MONDAY, 8 AUGUST 3:45 PM – 5:15 PM | East Building, Ballroom C
You know how when you hue-shift someone's clothes it doesn't look right? In the future you will no longer have to de-spill and then re-spill. Math will do it for you!
Exploring Photobios
Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, Rahul Garg, Steven M. Seitz (University of Washington), Eli Shechtman (Adobe Systems, Inc.)
By-Example Image Synthesis | TUESDAY, 9 AUGUST 3:45 PM – 5:15 PM | East Building, Ballroom C
Start with the Noah K. Everyday concept. Then imagine you can build the effect from a photo library, without having to make sure you are taking the picture from the same angle and distance each time. Now get ready to see a LOT more of this type of video in the future.
Expression Flow for 3D-Aware Face Component Transfer
Fei Yang (Rutgers University), Jue Wang, Eli Shechtman, Lubomir Bourdev (Adobe Systems, Inc.), Dimitris Metaxas (Rutgers University)
By-Example Image Synthesis | TUESDAY, 9 AUGUST 3:45 PM – 5:15 PM | East Building, Ballroom C
This is a big one. When copying over expressions from one photo to another, they often feel a bit off (if not totally creepy). This algorithm computes how the face is different in the two photos, so that the transferred element better fits the target face. This is the paper where the direct application to commercial software is most apparent, as well as the winner of the "Every Picture Can Tell a Lie / Holy #$@D* We Are In The Future" award.
Locomotion Skills for Simulated Quadrupeds
Stelian Coros (Disney Research Zurich), Andrej Karpathy, Ben Jones (University of British Columbia), Lionel Reveret (INRIA, Grenoble University, CNR), Michiel van de Panne (University of British Columbia)
Call Animal Control! | TUESDAY, 9 AUGUST 3:45 PM – 5:35 PM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
See Spot Run. Run Spot Run. This paper presents a quadruped simulation that works across uneven terrain, at multiple gaits, and responding to external forces. I have to say I enjoy the funny walks at the end when the system breaks. I'm also curious if this model allows for custom keyframe animation without having to completely "bake" the algorithmically generated animation, thus allowing for fine-tuning the acting while not losing the benefits of locomotion system.
Edge-Aware Color Appearance
Min H. Kim (Yale University and University College London) , Tobias Ritschel (Telecom ParisTech and Max-Planck-Institut Informatik), Jan Kautz (University College London)
Colorful | WEDNESDAY, 10 AUGUST 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
This one is very subtle. I hadn't thought about it until I saw this paper presentation. When you use gaussian blur on something, there is an illusion that the object/layer is lighter. This paper examines how to compensate when you are blurring so that the perceived lightness, saturation, and hue remain intact.
Non-Rigid Dense Correspondence with Applications for Image Enhancement
Yoav Hacohen (The Hebrew University), Eli Shechtman, Dan Goldman (Adobe Systems, Inc.), Dani Lischinski (The Hebrew University)
Image Processing | WEDNESDAY, 10 AUGUST 10:45 AM – 12:15 PM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
Initially this paper reminded me of the Improve your photography with classical art web site, but it looks like it will be a very useful tool for both the home consumer and the professional. At 3:28 in this video, there are further applications of this research that are VERY promising. In one case, you can draw a mask on an object in one photograph, then feed it a second photograph and the software will guess where the mask should go to outline the same shape. It also can take in a blurry photo and a second, sharp reference photo and apply the often wished-for "un-blur" filter (enhance!).
Subspace Video Stabilization
Feng Liu (Portland State University), Michael Gleicher (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Jue Wang, Hailin Jin, Aseem Agarwala (Adobe Systems, Inc.)
Video Resizing & Stabilization | THURSDAY, 11 AUGUST 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
This is the paper that helped create the new warp stabilizer in After Effects CS5.5. Very powerful stuff.
Tonal Stabilization of Video
Zeev Farbman, Dani Lischinski (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
Video Resizing & Stabilization | THURSDAY, 11 AUGUST 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
[pro-player image=""]http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/labs/cglab/projects/tonestab/files/TonalStabilization-video.mp4[/pro-player]
Videos taken by cell phones, web cams, or any other camera with auto-irising often have changes in exposure, color temperature, brightness and contrast. This paper examines how to algorithmically correct for the changes.
OverCoat: An Implicit Canvas for 3D Painting
Johannes Schmid, Martin Sebastian Senn, Markus Gross (ETH Zurich and Disney Research Zurich), Robert Sumner (Disney Research Zurich)
Drawing, Painting and Stylization | MONDAY, 8 AUGUST 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM | East Building, Exhibit Hall A
[pro-player image=""]http://zurich.disneyresearch.com/OverCoat/OverCoat.mp4[/pro-player]
This paper reminds me a bit of the excitement I felt when I saw Disney's Deep Canvas demo, which promised a way to more easily integrate painterly 2D strokes into a 3D space.
For the more committed (i.e., nerdier) readers, there is a downloadable document called Technical Papers First Pages. This is a large (184 MB) PDF file containing the first pages of all Technical Papers presented at SIGGRAPH 2011.
More Motionographer SIGGRAPH dispatches to come including 3D scanning and printing as it relates to motion graphics, all about lenticular displays and building glasses-free 3D displays, and, of course, highlights from the Computer Animation Festival.


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CLASSIC: Fireworks in Jaffrey, NH
Pelkey began working on tonight's show when the ground was still under February snow. In his office, crammed with fireworks memorabilia — glasses, towels, posters, pins –he spent 100 computer hours choreographing a dance of fire, a chorus line of sparks and strobes. Most of it was in his head. A pyrodigital program breaks down songs into milliseconds, but the art comes in knowing each firework by heart –when it will lift, how it explodes, how far it will fly (up to 1,400 feet), the cadence of its sparks –and matching a skyful of this to music. Pelkey and his right-hand man, Matt Shea, put the finishing touches on the program just two hours ago.
"We need duct tape," Pelkey calls out. Several guys scramble. A roll appears from a truck cab. Bob Reed, a strapping sun-streaked blond from Manchester-by-the-Sea, looks out at the minefield and says, "It's held together by spit, glue, and duct tape." A couple of the men laugh knowingly. It's true. Beyond the computerized firing system, fireworks are low-tech. Tinfoil and rubber bands are tools of the trade.
At 8:35 P.M., offers of earplugs go around. A cop car cruises by. The sky is a smoky gray canvas with wisps of clouds. The guitar player picks a twangy solo. The crowd erupts. The men eye the crowd like shy dancers peaking out from behind the curtain. For some of them, this is the closest they ever want to come to fame: to be a shooter at the big Jaffrey show, to have a hand in adding a new constellation to the firmament, if only for a moment.
Pelkey douses himself with bug spray then checks in with Fireworks Command. Everyone hangs on his next word. He wears the mischievous smile of a kid who is getting away with something: Tonight he gets to blow stuff up. But it's more than that. Pelkey is an artist. Tonight is his Sistine Chapel. Tonight he paints the biggest ceiling of all.
Most shooters have an appetite for explosives, and this is a legal and safe way to sate that hunger. There's no safer fireworks company than Atlas, but when you play with fire, accidents happen. On average, there are more than 8,000 fireworks-related injuries a year in America and a dozen deaths. Most are backyard accidents, but a handful happen to careful professionals. In 1997, a mishap in Falmouth, Massachusetts, scared everyone at Atlas.
A crew loaded shells on an offshore barge for a Fourth of July display. As was common practice back then, mortars were left uncovered to be reloaded by hand later in the show. A bad shell exploded low and its "stars and effects" — golf-ball-size fireballs, the guts of a firework's color and noise — showered sparks onto the exposed shells below, igniting everything at once. Atlas's crew members dove into the water, but not before some suffered burns. After the accident, Atlas worked with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to develop industry standards, including regulations for barge shows. After Falmouth, the already conscientious company became more vigilant. Tonight, a dozen safety personnel stand by.
A warning shot sends up a golden plume of sparks, and the first whiff of sulphur wafts by the control table. "Fireworks Command to Atlas," a woman's voice calls. "Should we do a time check?" Everyone synchronizes. 8:40 P.M.
The band is still playing. Pelkey jokes, "They managed to ruin a perfectly good Bob Seger tune." 8:42 P.M. Time to strap on hard hats and flick on headlamps. At the two-minute warning Pelkey asks command, "Can we shut off the parking lot floodlight?" He glances toward the annoying glow, a mar on his canvas.
Outside the airport on Route 124, taillights pulse as latecomers straggle through the gates. A neon blue Ford Ranger pickup carries a six-pack of teenage boys, all with ball caps and Tommy Hilfiger T-shirts; heavy-metal music gets turned down as they pay the $30 a carload to get in. On this day, Jaffrey's population swells sevenfold: 30,000 people gather inside the airport and another 12,000 watch from outside the gates –up at Kimball Farm eating ice cream, parked at the high school, or in lawn-chair brigades in nearby backyards. Once the show begins, drivers pull cars over anywhere, creating an instant, townwide traffic jam. The 12-person police department hires 40 extra officers to keep the peace. The majority of busts are for underage drinking, with occasional assault and disorderly conduct arrests. With that many people in town, it's a wonder nothing more drastic has happened in the festival's 11 years. But it's not the minor incidents the police guard against; it's what could happen –a riot, errant fireworks shells, car fires. It's such a stressful experience for the chief that he starts his vacation the day after the show.
The band lays into a Shania Twain song. Pelkey turns to Shea. "Why haven't they stopped the music yet?" At the one-minute check, Pelkey says, "Someone needs to tell the band to stop playing." Thirty seconds, 29, 28…. Finally, as if turning down the volume on a stereo, some invisible hand fades out the band. Fifteen seconds, 10, 9, 8…. "Roll sound!" says Pelkey.


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"Your Online Source for Comedy Music since 1995"
Click here to visit the Picklehead Music store. We have a great selection of comedy music, along with acoustic artists, variety artists, theme music (everything from beer drinking songs to music for construction workers).
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text: Shoreline Medical Center ED opens four new treatment rooms Mary Pat Murray (second from right), RN, charge nurse, demonstrates the new suture light to other members of the SMC staff. Shown (l-r) are: Henry Puciato, APRN; Deb Hollaway, RN; and Lisa McMillan, radiology technologist. Just as the summer season begins and the number of summer residents and tourists increases, YNHH's Shoreline Medical Center Emergency Department has added four new treatment rooms so it can better handle its steadily increasing volume. The Shoreline Medical Center opened in June 2004 and the ED was open just eight hours a day, seven days a week. Within two years, the ED hours had expanded to 16 hours a day and in 2007, the ED had 19,000 patient visits. In July 2008, it became a 24/7 operation in order to meet patient demand throughout the year. Last year, the Shoreline ED treated close to 25,000 patients. "The Shoreline Medical Center is a tremendous success story because it provides a much needed service to shoreline residents and visitors," said Cynthia Sparer, senior vice president, Operations. "As demand has increased for the ED's high-quality emergency services, we have been able to grow and meet the needs of this community," said Sparer. "In addition, our staff make such a positive impression on patients that they routinely rank the Shoreline ED at the highest levels in patient satisfaction." Each of the four new treatment rooms offer a new suture light that beams direct light on a patient who need stitches. Each also comes outfitted with a stretcher chair that can recline more quickly than a standard bed if the patient needs immediate care. The TV remote and call button are now integrated into one device for easier patient and staff use. The Shoreline ED now has 12 exam rooms. "We designed these four treatment rooms with the patient's care and comfort in mind," said Harry Moscovitz, MD, medical director, Shoreline ED. "This expansion allows us to place patients in a room more quickly and begin their exam and care more efficiently. Members of the shoreline community have responded positively to their ability to get Yale-New Haven clinical care and expertise where they live and play." According to Sparer, YNHH is planning to add another four to five rooms to the Shoreline ED in 2014. "We continue to invest in bringing Yale-New Haven Hospital-quality ambulatory services to where our patients live," said Sparer, noting the recent opening of the North Haven Medical Center and growth of Smilow Cancer Hospital Care Centers. "We make it convenient for people throughout Connecticut to access the care for which Yale-New Haven is known nationally."


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Press releases
Bangkok Songkran Festival
04 April, 2012
Songkran is the occasion for family re-unions, temple visits and annual house cleaning. Many Thais observe the holidays by spending time with families and friends. Traditionally, Thais perform the Rod Nam Dum Hua ritual on the first day of Songkran, which is officially the National Elderly Day. During the ritual, young people will pour fragrant water into the elders' palms as a gesture of humility and to ask for their blessings.
The second day of Songkran is officially the National Family Day. Families will wake up early and give alms to the monks, then ideally the rest of the day will be spent sharing quality family time together. An important religious ritual on Songkran is 'Bathing the Buddha image', in which devout Buddhists pour fragrant water over Buddha statues both at the temple and at home. More religious Thais will engage themselves in Buddhist ceremonies and merit-making activities throughout the holidays.
Contradictory to what you may have witnessed throughout Songkran, fun-loving Thais don't just throw water at each other for no good reason (besides having a kick out of seeing other people soaking wet). The real meaning behind the splashes is to symbolically wash off all the misfortunes of the past year, thus welcoming in the new year with a fresh new start.
Traditionally, Thais would politely pour a bowl of water on members of the family, their close friends and neighbours. As Songkran has taken a more festive note, a bowl becomes a bucket, garden hose and water guns, and the spirit of holiday merriment is shared amongst all town residents and tourists alike.
Actually, a more appropriate question to ask is: 'how to avoid getting wet during Songkran'. No matter where you go, chances are you will get wet. But if you like the idea of getting soaked from head to toe, and some wild party scene, be sure to drop by Kao San Road or Silom. Be warned and arm yourself with a powerful water gun and clean bottled water (for washing off talcum powder smudges on your face).


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From New Scientist:
6 thoughts on "Headline Of The Day"
All this science bullshit is scaring the fuck out of me. I'm going back to the certainty of my simple Orthodox Creed Mithras worship.
I want New Scientist to be published in comic form.
The correct answer to any New Scientist headline that ends in a question mark is "no."
Tip: this works for every other publication too.
Sounds like a post-rock song title.
I clearly need to sleep more.
At first I read that as 'Do grave assholes harbour planetary ins"
Something else fun in the news today. Space monkeys are reporting that they have found a supermassive gamma burst, with energy equivalent to 9,000 suns going supernova.
And they have no real idea what caused it; we're only able to see the gamma emissions from 12.2 billion lightyears hence. Sweet dreams!
Comments are closed.


text:
An `in-line´`check´ or `non-return´valve,
with a parallel, male, gas, pipe-thread union at each extreme. The
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text:
Small Gods
Formats: eBook. Audio. Paperback.
Just because you can't explain it, doesn't mean it's a miracle.'
Religion is a controversial business in the Discworld. Everyone has their own opinion, and indeed their own gods. Who come in all shapes and sizes. In such a competitive environment, there is a pressing need to make one's presence felt. And it's certainly not remotely helpful to be reduced to be appearing in the form of a tortoise, a manifestation far below god-like status in anyone's book. In such instances, you need an acolyte, and fast. Preferably one who won't ask too many questions...
Now consider the tortoise and the eagle.
The tortoise is a ground-living creature. It is impossible to live nearer the ground without being under it. Its horizons are a few inches away. It has about as good a turn of speed as you need to hunt down a lettuce. It has survived while the rest of evolution flowed past it by being, on the whole, no threat to anyone and too much trouble to eat.
And then there is the eagle. A creature of the air and high places, whose horizons go all the way to the edge of the world. Eyesight keen enough to spot the rustle of some small and squeaky creature half a mile away.
All power, all control. Lightning death on wings.
Talons and claws enough to make a meal of anything smaller than it is and at least take a hurried snack out of anything bigger.
And yet the eagle will sit for hours on the crag and survey the kingdoms of the world until it spots a distant movement and then it will focus, focus, focus on the small shell wobbling among the bushes down there on the desert. And it will leap …
And a minute later the tortoise finds the world dropping away from it. And it sees the world for the first time, no longer one inch from the ground but five hundred feet above it, and it thinks; what a great friend I have in the eagle.
And then the eagle lets go.
And almost always the tortoise plunges to its death.
Everyone knows why the tortoise does this. Gravity is a habit that is hard to shake off. No one knows why the eagle does this. There's good eating on a tortoise but, considering the effort involved, there's much better eating on practically anything else. It's simply the delight of eagles to torment tortoises.
But of course, what the eagle does not realize is that it is participating in a very crude form of natural selection.
One day a tortoise will learn how to fly.
The story takes place in desert lands, in shades of umber and orange. When it begins and ends is more problematical, but at least one of its beginnings took place above the snowline, thousands of miles away in the mountains around the Hub [1]
One of the recurring philosophical questions is:
'Does a falling tree in the forest make a sound when there is no one to hear?'
Which says something about the nature of philosophers, because there is always someone in a forest. It may only be a badger, wondering what that cracking noise was, or a squirrel a bit puzzled by all the scenery going upwards, but someone. At the very least, if it was deep enough in the forest, millions of small gods would have heard it.
Things just happen, one after another. They don't care who knows. But history . _ . ah, history is different. History has to be observed. Otherwise it's not history. It's just.. well, things happening one after another.
And, of course, it has to be controlled. Otherwise it might turn into anything. Because history, contrary to popular theories, is kings and dates and battles. And these things have to happen at the right time. This is difficult. In a chaotic universe there are too many things to go wrong. It's too easy for a generals horse to lose a shoe at the wrong time, or for someone to mishear an order, or for the carrier of the vital message to be waylaid by some men with sticks and a cash flow problem. Then there are wild stories, parasitic growths on the tree of history, trying to bend it their way.
So history has its caretakers.
They live… well, in the nature of things they live wherever they are sent, but their spiritual home is in a hidden valley in the high Ramtops of the Discworld, where the books of history are kept.
These aren't books in which the events of the past are pinned like so many butterflies to a cork. These are the books from which history is derived. There are more than twenty thousand of them; each one is ten feet high, bound in lead, and the letters are so small that they have to be read with a magnifying glass.
When people say 'It is written…' it is written here.
There are fewer metaphors around than people think.
Every month the abbot and two senior monks go into the cave where the books are kept. It used to be the duty of the abbot alone, but two other reliable monks were included after the unfortunate case of the 59th Abbot, who made a million dollars in small bets before his fellow monks caught up with him.
Besides, it's dangerous to go in alone. The sheer concentratedness of History, sleeting past soundlessly out into the world, can be overwhelming. Time is a drug. Too much of it kills you.
The 493rd Abbot folded his wrinkled hands and addressed Lu-Tze, one of his most senior monks. The clear air and untroubled life of the secret valley was such that all the monks were senior; besides, when you work with Time every day, some of it tends to rub off.
'The place is Omnia,' said the abbot, 'on the Klatchian coast.'
'l remember,' said Lu-Tze. 'Young fellow called Ossory, wasn't there?'
'Things must be… carefully observed,' said the abbot. 'There are pressures. Free will, predestination… the power of symbols… turning-point… you know all about this.'
'Haven't been to Omnia for, oh, must be seven hundred years,' said Lu-Tze. 'Dry place. Shouldn't think there's a ton of good soil in the whole country, either,'
'Off you go, then,' said the abbot.
'I shall take my mountains,' said Lu-Tze. 'The climate will be good for them,'
And he also took his broom and his sleeping mat.
The history monks don't go in for possessions. They find most things wear out in a century or two.
It took him four years to get to Omnia. He had to watch a couple of battles and an assassination on the way, otherwise they would just have been random events.
[1] Or, if you are a believer in Omnianism, the Pole.
Spectacular inventiveness make the Discworld series one of the perennial joys of modern fiction
- Mail on Sunday
An intriguing satire on institutionalized religion corrupted by power, crackling with one-liners while obliquely suggesting that maybe gods are only as powerful as the beliefs of their followers
- Independent
Deftly weaves themes of forgiveness, belief and spiritual regeneration....While other writers gnaw at violence, sexuality and rootless despair
- The Times
My introduction to Terry Pratchett,s Disc World....many years ago. I have educated many people since as this was the mos entertaining read ever. Being of catholic up-bringing a cord was rattled on almost every pages! Fantastic!!
Now on way to buy Snuff
My gratitude for the literature that widened my world to another dimenson and entertained xx
- Debbie Clarke
Click, tap or wave a pointy hat here to add a review of your own
Press the play button below to listen to a short audio excerpt.
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Dean of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Situated within Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (RWJMS) at Rutgers University invites applications and nominations for the position of Dean. The Dean of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School will play a key leadership role in advancing the mission, operations and service of the School within Rutgers University as well as the greater New Jersey region and beyond.
As one of the nation's leading comprehensive medical schools, RWJMS is dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in education, research, health care delivery, and the promotion of community health. In cooperation with Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, the medical school's principal affiliate, they comprise New Jersey's premier academic medical center. In addition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School has 34 other hospital affiliates and ambulatory care sites throughout the region.
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School encompasses 20 basic science and clinical departments, and hosts centers and institutes including The Cardiovascular Institute, the Child Health Institute of New Jersey, the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, and the Stem Cell Institute of New Jersey. The medical school maintains educational programs at the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate levels for more than 1,500 students on its campuses in New Brunswick and Piscataway, and provides continuing education courses for health care professionals and community education programs.
Reporting to the Chancellor for Biomedical and Health Sciences, the Dean is the chief academic and administrative officer of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, with primary responsibility for implementing the School's mission. The Dean will have complete line responsibility for personnel, general administration and management, budget, academic, and development functions.


text:
The folks over at Phandroid have managed to get their hands on a video of Gingerbread running on the Nexus One. The video is only ten seconds long and shows an animation which occurs when the screen is turned off.Read More
At the beginning of this week, we reported that the Desire HD ROM has been ported to the HTC HD2. Now the Desire HD ROM has been ported over to other popular HTC devices which includes the EVO 4G, the Droid Incredible and the GSM version of Desire.Read More
Nokia phones were not popular among the modding community until a few months ago. However, from the last few months Nokia modding has reached an all new high with Custom ROMs being released for various devices and the C6 firmware being ported to 5800.Read More
Installing custom Android 2.2 ROM on your Droid X will stop future official updates from Motorola. Motorola on their support page warned Droid X users from installing custom Android 2.2 ROM.Read More
When Verizon and Motorola launched the Droid X there was a big hype and hoopla over the locked down boot loader of the device. As days passed by, it emerged that the Droid X uses the same boot loader as the one of the Motorola Milestone.Read More
When the Droid X was released by Motorola, a lot of fuss was made about its locked down bootloader. The locked down bootloader on the Droid X meant no custom ROMs for the phone.Read More
It was after ages that Facebook released an update for the Facebook mobile application for the Android OS to make it less crappy. The latest release of the application boasted of tons of new features like Photo Reel, Support for events etcetera.Read More
One of the main reasons why the Motorola Droid sold like hot cakes in the U.S was because of its unlocked bootloader. The unlocked bootloader allowed the modding community to play with the phone to their hearts content.Read More
It was just last week that the HTC Desire got the Android Froyo update "unofficially". Now it is the U.S only HTC Incredible which has got the Froyo update unofficially.Read More
HTC still has not specified a date when the HTC Desire will be getting the Froyo update officially. Unofficially though, the Desire already has a custom ROM based on Froyo.Read More
A new cutom ROM for the Android based Samsung Galaxy S has been released. The custom ROM can be cooked on the online kitchen, according to one's choice.Read More
HTC Touch Pro2 which is part of the Sprint network has Windows Mobile 6.1 installed by default. If you are looking to upgrade the ROM to Windows Mobile 6.5, you will be able to do it thanks to a custom ROM released by HTC Pedia.Read More


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The materials on this page are intended for use by Colorado SHIP and SMP counselors only; their relevance and correct usage are presume the reader has a Medicare SHIP counselor's background and training. If you are not a SHIP counselor, please return to the SHIP home page to locate materials designed for consumer use.
Weekly Updates provide a snapshot of current information, resources, activities, and requests for SHIP and SMP counselors and program coordinators. Index of contents


text:
City College News
Wacky hair day at City College
Backcombed barnets and terrible tresses were order of the day at City College Southampton on May 15 and staff and students held a wacky hair event to raise money for their charity of the year, Naomi House and Jacksplace.
The fundraisers showed off their crazy styles at the college before marching through Southampton to boost the charity's coffers.
In total around £200 was raised for the charity.
Front row (L to R):
Kerry Dimaria, Samantha Mawson, Tina Eslick
Back row (L to R):
Sue Willis, Laura Cole, Heather Richardson, Luanne Tiller, Louise Longman (tutor)
Keep up to date with the Latest news...
Our News feeds allow you to see when we have added new content. You can get the latest headlines and video in one place, as soon as its published, without having to visit our website. RSS News feed


text:
Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus)
Look high into the trees near the entrance to the Zoo. You never know; you just might spot my large nest!
Monk Parakeets are extremely intelligent, highly adaptable and social birds, forming flocks of up to 50 birds. Also known as Quaker Parakeet, or Quaker Parrot, it is not known exactly how they formed wild colonies in the United States. It is assumed that some birds escaped while being imported as pets, or were released by their owners. As a pet, this bird is capable of forming an extensive vocabulary.
They are not frightened by humans and are often found taking up residence near them. They adapt well in most environments, including cold weather locations, and often rely on the hospitality of human's bird feeders for meals during the cold, snowy months.
Brooklyn and Long Island are home to colonies of thousands of Monk Parakeets that have become part of their local landscape. Wild colonies are found in many U.S. states, including Connecticut.
The Monk Parakeet is mostly bright green, having gray on its forehead, cheeks, throat and chest. It is 11-12 inches in length. It has an orange beak and long, tapered tail. Feathers on the throat and abdomen are edged in a lighter shade of gray, creating a scalloped look. Feathers below the abdomen are olive green, and light green on the lower abdomen. Flight feathers are blue and the tail is green with some blue. Males and females do not differ in appearance.
Monk Parakeets can be found in forested and semi-forested areas, preferring open grasslands and scrub forests. They can also be found in city parks, farms, orchards and residential areas outside the big cities or towns. In South America they build their nests into the side of cliffs. Wild escaped birds like to build their communal residences on manmade structures, such as electrical poles that produce heat, which can cause power outages or can be a fire hazard.
The Monk Parakeet is native to the tropical areas of South America. Wild birds have also established breeding colonies in Europe, the Caribbean as well as many U.S. states.
Herbivorous. Seeds, leaves, weeds, nuts, fruits, berries and flowers. They also frequent agricultural crops for a quick meal.
Around 20-30 years in the wild; 20 years under human care.
Monk Parakeets breed from late August to November. They are communal birds. Each breeding pair builds a nest comprised of sticks, twigs and branches. As the flock grows, a new nest is built off the original nest, creating a massive residence of multi-chambered residences that will house each nesting pair. These architectural masterpieces can be several feet wide and several feet tall.
Each female lays four to eight eggs in a clutch that she incubates for about 25 days. The chicks will remain in the nest for about 6 weeks and disperse when a year old.
Least concern.
Upcoming Events
Zoo Tots
April 14 & 15
Learn more
Party for the Planet
April 18 & 19
More info coming soon!
We are open...
9am to 4pm every day except Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day
Directions and Info
Contact Info: Connecticut's Beardsley Zoo 1875 Noble Avenue Bridgeport, CT 06610
Main Number: (203) 394-6565


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Assembly line worker with 10+ years of experience in large manufacturing plants. Proven strengths in quickly learning new processes, technologies and machinery, as evidenced by recent transition from automotive assembly line work to the production of sophisticated, energy-efficient components for household appliances.
ABC MANUFACTURING INC. (Fortune 500 manufacturer of household appliances), Sometown, MI
Line Worker, 5/09 to Present
Assemble mechanical units of household appliances such as dishwashers and refrigerators. Adhere to company and government standards for heightened energy efficiency as well as safety, quality and environmental compliance.
Selected Accomplishments:
SOMETOWN COMMUNITY COLLEGE, Sometown, MI
Graduate, Line Worker Re-Training Program, 5/09
Completed intensive, six-week training program (4/09 to 5/09) following shutdown of former employer's automotive assembly plant. Mastered new assembly line trade, resulting in immediate hire by current employer (ABC Manufacturing Inc.).
XYZ MOTORS INC. (Large automotive manufacturer), Sometown, MI
Production Line Worker, 1/00 to 2/09
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Worked on various vehicle production lines assembling components for XYZ automobiles. Followed quality and safety guidelines and met all productivity goals.
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SOMETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE, Sometown, MI
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