text:
It's easy to get emotional selling your business. But too much feeling is not in your best financial interest. Experts offer tips to help you get a grip.
Cold feet prevailed. The seller backed out. Paul Giannamore, managing director of The Potomac Company, had been trying to close the sale of this pest management business for six years. Given the owner's emotional state, it was no surprise he didn't show up at closing.
Emotional issues are "big, big time deal killers" causing an "almost fight or flight" response, said Giannamore.
They are the "impetus behind a failed business sale at least half of the time, if not more," said Barbara Taylor, New York Times blogger and co-founder of Synergy Business Services, a business brokerage firm in Bentonville, Ark. Frequently people focus on financial details, but "emotional ones are equally important."
Most sellers aren't even aware their emotions cause "seemingly unexplainable behavior and barriers to the sale," said Jack Garson, attorney and author of "How to Build a Business and Sell It for Millions."
Take the seller who suddenly increases his demands or rejects terms to which he previously agreed. The buyer backs out and the process has to start over again. Often, though not always, owners sell for less than they could have received in the first go-round.
Selling in Bad Times... "M&A in the pest control space is largely driven by life events," said Giannamore, so when an owner has to sell his business due to health problems, divorce, financial duress or old age he brings extra baggage to the process.
This just adds to feelings of tremendous uncertainty and not being prepared, said Garson.
Tears at the negotiating table aren't uncommon. "It's usually the older guys" in their 60s and 70s, said Giannamore. That's when emotions "really start to kick in and it causes them to make serious missteps."
Some sellers learn their business is not as valuable as they thought. Owners often stretch the truth to peers about how much they sold their business for and these rumors set unreasonable expectations, said Giannamore. By the time many figure this out, "it's too late to do anything about it."
Others may feel selling is "admitting defeat," said Jeff Teague of Hamilton, Ohio. He sold Responsible Services to Perfection Pest Control in 2012. The hardest part for him was realizing he wouldn't see his vision come to fruition, to "give up on that part of the dream."
… And Good Times. Even when cashing in at the height of success, selling a business is not without emotion.
Craig Thomas, former owner of Craig Thomas Pest Control in Hyde Park, N.Y., didn't intend to sell, but received an offer from Rollins he could not refuse. Still, selling wasn't an easy decision and the year-long process was an "emotional rollercoaster," Thomas said.
What follows are some of the common emotions experienced by sellers as they consider the possible sale of their business, an emotional experience even under the best of circumstances.
Do Your Homework
These books can help owners prepare for selling the business:
Exiting Your Business, Protecting Your Wealth
by John Leonetti
Outlines exit options and helps you analyze your financial and mental readiness for your business exit.
Built to Sell: Building a Business That Can Thrive Without You
by John Warrillow
Explores key criteria for enhancing a business's salability.
Every Family's Business: 12 Common Sense Questions to Protect Your Wealth
by Tom Deans
Provides a plan to get families thinking and talking about the future of the family business.
How to Build a Business and Sell It for Millions
by Jack Garson
Uses real-life examples to explain how the goal of selling your company must be linked to every business decision you make: hiring, compensation, contracts, financial reporting and more.
Transaction: Putting a Price on Business
by Barbara Taylor
This blog is part of the New York Times' small business blog, "You're the Boss," and features insights on buying, selling and valuing private businesses. http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/author/barbara-taylor/
Losing yourself. Randy Nader, who sold Nader's Pest Raiders to Arrow Exterminators in 2010, didn't commit to selling until the day Arrow management arrived to close. He was 51 years old. A big question for him: "What would I do after that?"
Fear of the unknown is a common concern, said Taylor. Frequently owners haven't given enough thought to life post-sale, besides finally having free time to play golf or take vacation.
Owners worry about losing their identity. For years they've been the boss and have taken great pride in this position, an enviable place in society's pecking order, said Garson.
Selling the business is akin to selling "part of me and somebody else is going to have control of it," said Teague.
Sellers may feel sad, lost, lonely and without purpose. Garson had one client sell his business only to find his wife busy with daily activities and his friends at work. He ultimately started a new company, not to make more money, but to keep himself occupied.
Worries about others. Concern for family, employees and customers also drives owners to distraction.
Thomas' business was a "family organization with deep tradition," one that employed his wife, daughter and sister.
Owners worry about what's going to happen to the kids, the in-laws, said Giannamore. Will my family relationship with them be destroyed?
Nader, who admits there were "many emotional hurdles to get over," worried about employees, some of whom he'd worked with for 20 years. Not only did he have to keep the deal hush-hush — "I'm not used to keeping secrets with my employees" — but they "couldn't believe I sold it. They didn't understand."
Teague worried about finding a good place for his customers. "When I decided to sell, it was a big concern for me." Selling to Perfection Pest Control – he'd known President Tim Leatherman for 15 years – gave him confidence they'd receive good care.
Frustration with the process. Unless you have experience buying and selling companies, it's easy to let mergers and acquisitions get personal.
Due diligence "is a nasty process for a lot of these companies," said Giannamore, adding that sellers bring it on themselves by not being prepared or knowing what to expect.
They can feel intimidated. Most sellers are selling their first and only business, while buyers and others involved in the sale — brokers, investment bankers, legal and financial advisors — have been through many sales, said Garson.
Sometimes sellers' competitive nature gets in the way. The ego takes over and a strong need to feel they didn't get taken by accepting too low a price, said Lance Tullius, managing partner of Tullius Partners, Portland, Ore. This dickering can ultimately kill the deal.
"Mentally you're operating in a tunnel," Tullius explained. "You can't see the big picture anymore." Instead, it's "me against them."
As for Nader's decision to sell, "It's OK now." He remains involved in his former business doing what he likes best. "I help them build business. I'm very good at that." He's pleased employees are learning how a bigger business operates, are developing their skills, and have access to greater opportunities.
Teague, who previously was operations vice president at his father's pest control business before starting his own firm, realized it would take years before he could remove himself from daily service work. "I wanted more than that," he said. Selling his company allowed him to pursue management opportunities in the industry.
Thomas said he doesn't regret or second guess the sale. The offer was right, and so was the timing for Thomas and his wife. "Life is about having choices." An added bonus: He can continue to grow and participate in the family-owned Thomas Pest Services, run by his daughter.
Check Your Emotions
Selling the business? Owners need to recognize their emotional attachment, said Lance Tullius, managing partner of Tullius Partners in Portland, Ore. Here are tips for removing sentiment, and the poor decisions it can cause, from the M&A process:
Be an investor first. Owners make proper decisions when they view their role as investors, said The Potomac Company Managing Director Paul Giannamore. Focus on maximizing return on investment, reducing risk and increasing business value. This is not the same as managing the business.
Despite the industry's tradition of multi-generational companies, you "start a business to someday get the rewards of your labor," reminded Craig Thomas, former owner of Craig Thomas Pest Control in Hyde Park, N.Y.
Understand the process. Emotions increase when sellers don't understand the process, said Barbara Taylor, New York Times blogger and co-founder of Synergy Business Services. This leads to poor decision making and the deal falls apart.
Learn how mergers and acquisitions work, the steps involved in diligence and how buyers determine business value. Owners of businesses with annual revenue of $5 million or more may need a comprehensive exit planning process to understand all their options, she said.
Engage advisors. Advisors can guide an owner through the sale process, set expectations and help plan for post-exit life, said Taylor. She recommends putting together a team to help, comprised of a business broker or M&A expert, an attorney and CPA, at minimum.
Selling a business takes time, so choose an advisor you trust to be coach, financial counselor and psychologist, said Tullius. It's his or her job to validate feelings but also warn owners who are being overly emotional and not making sound decisions.
Get support. Lean on personal and professional networks. Business owners tend to be do-it-yourself types, cautioned Taylor. "This is not the time to go it alone."
Some owners are setting up independent councils or boards of directors to evaluate offers and review deals, said Giannamore. These groups make the hard decisions for owners.
Create value. Know how the business creates value, said Giannamore. This will help you understand what the business is worth and your alternatives for monetizing that value.
Value enhancement and strategic planning go hand-in-hand: Define your shareholder goals, tie corporate strategy to these goals, and develop a financial policy that serves both, he advised.
Jeff Teague, former owner of Responsible Services, had bought companies for his father's pest management firm so he had a good idea of what his business was worth. Many sellers don't have realistic expectations, he said.
Prepare from day one. Owners should prepare for selling their businesses from the day they start their companies, said Jack Garson, attorney and author of "How to Build a Business and Sell It for Millions."
"Don't wait until the last minute when you're old, sick or getting divorced," said Giannamore. Make planning for your exit part of annual strategic planning.
Teague gave himself five years. At the start of his fifth season he realized it wasn't enough for him, that it would be years until he could hang up his technician uniform and focus on sales and management. This timeframe helped focus his efforts.
According to Taylor, "the best outcomes happen when business owners understand the option they've chosen and then commit to it."
Selling your business is business. Owners likely will face buyers who have no emotion invested in the transaction, reminded Tullius. For them, he said, buying is business as usual, so take steps to even the playing field.
The author is a frequent contributor to PCT magazine. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox-jobs mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
These are full time, on-site, salaried positions located in Atlanta, GA
paying $65,000 to $90,000 depending on experience + benefits. Options &
equity in the company possible as well. No telecommuting allowed. US
Citizens or Green Card holders only. Local candidates only. Thank you.
My Atlanta client's focus is in solving very tough and practical problems in
data security.
Web App / UI Developer - 60-90k
* Front end UI developer that knows PHP, CSS, and JavaScript
* Somebody that really understands how to present somewhat complex
information to users intuitively
* MySQL experience
QA Lead - 60-90k
* Test automation a must - TestComplete knowledge a plus
* Good engineering skills
* MySQL knowledge
* JavaScript, PHP knowledge a plus
* Do not want someone expecting software functional specs to write test
cases from
* Knowledge of hacker toolsets a plus
System Administrator - 60-90k
* Linux, Windows, Virtual Machines (ESXi)
* Knows enough about network security to advise and discuss with customers
* LDAP and Active directory knowledge
* Good in front of customers - will assist in customer installations and
installation planning
* Knowledge of hacker toolsets a plus
Client Browser Plug-in Developer - 60-90k
* Good knowledge of the internals of IE, Firefox, Mozilla, Firefox, etc
* Background plug-ins
Mobile Developer - 60-90k
* iPhone, Android, Blackberry development
* Good understanding of internals. Not too much UI work. This will be a
background style application
* Experience with Apple App Store a plus
To be considered, please submit your resume and salary requirements to
Thank you,
Beau J. Gould
Open Source Staffing
Follow me @ossjobs - New jobs posted daily. Full time, contract and
vox-jobs mailing list
Looking for more Linux-related jobs? http://www.lugod.org/jobs/
Hosting provided by:
Sunset Systems
Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
systems, remote system administration and
custom software development.
LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
PO Box 2082, Davis, CA 95617
Contact Us
LUGOD is a 501(c)7 non-profit organization
based in Davis, California
and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
horse.com > Western Saddles & Tack > Western Headstalls & Curb Chains > Item # E004510
promotional discount applied. Cart total will reflect savings.
Quantity discount will reflect in cart.
Sometimes, manufacturers require that products be advertised only at their suggested prices.
When we choose to sell these items for less, we display the sale price only in the cart. To see the price, click Add to Cart.
One-time delivery
Save 10% with Auto Ship
Deliver Every:
2 Weeks
3 Weeks
4 Weeks
5 Weeks
6 Weeks
7 Weeks
8 Weeks
1 Month
2 Months
3 Months
6 Months
Product Summary:
Basic Twisted Rope Halter
Starting at: $5.49
Manna Pro Bite-Size Nuggets 5lb
Starting from: $9.99
Circle Y Tie End Split Reins
Starting from: $33.99
Farnam Endure
Starting at: $22.49
Grand Meadows Grand Coat
Starting at: $49.99
CORTA-FLX Flex-Force Pellets with HA
Starting at: $41.49
Western Vaquero Roping Rein
Starting at: $7.49
Basic Poly Side Pull Rope Training Halter
Tough-1 Poly Lead w/Replaceable Bolt Snap
Starting at: $6.99
Tin Signs
Starting from: $3.99
Mustang Round Braided Roping Rein
Starting at: $14.99
Safe-Guard 25g Fenbendazole Single Dose Wormer
Now: $7.99
Zimecterin Gold 7.75 Praziquantel Paste Wormer
Now: $9.19
Start To Finish Cool Calories 100
Starting at: $26.49
Weaver Original Poly Lead Rope
Starting at: $12.49
Tough-1 Miniature Poly Rope Halter
Starting at: $5.99
Western SS Dogbone Copper Ring Argentine Bit
Now: $18.99
Mustang Microsuede Bareback Pad
Starting at: $52.99
Reinsman Tacky Too M2 Lite Square Pad
Starting from: $128.99
Mustang Rope Halter with Lead
Starting at: $7.99
Product Reviews by Customers
This item is not eligible for Canadian shipping.
Some items everyday price is so low we can't discount or we have marked down the item to a final sale price. These select items will not be included in your order total when determining if your order qualifies for a promotional event.


text:
Farm Insurance
We're the number one writer of farm insurance in Indiana. And there are several good reasons for that. Our broad coverage, low rates and exceptional customer service (we have offices in all 92 counties) give you affordable, accessible protection that you can depend on.
Our farm insurance policies offer many coverage options. For help finding the protection that's perfect for you, read about our Rural Guardian policy, then get in touch with your nearest agent.
New Endorsements
Our Custom Crop Spraying coverage is available as an addition to your farm policy, offering coverage to farmers who have a side business providing "for hire" custom spraying services to their neighbors.
Equipment Breakdown Insurance protects you against costly repairs, at a price nearly any farm owner can afford.
Read our Farm Equipment Breakdown Brochure, then talk to your local agent to learn more about these new options.
Our already-affordable rates get even lower when you take advantage of our various discounts. If we write your Personal or Farm Umbrella Liability Policy, you'll save 5% on your Auto policy premium. And if you're eligible for our New Home, Protective System or Multi-Line Discounts, you could save even more.
Click here for a list of our discounts, then ask your local agent how you can qualify.
How do you protect your policy against loss? Well, we suggest you start by completing our Home and Farm Property Inventory (downloadable below) and store it in a secure place, like a safety-deposit box.
Record serial numbers of all valuable possessions, and keep them in a safe place with other, smaller valuables. Consider engraving your property with an identifying code or number that only you will know.
Make sure your property is equipped with fire extinguishers, locks, fencing and other adequate lighting and safety systems. And if you're going to be away for an extended time, notify your local authorities.
Learn more about how you can protect your home with this downloadable brochure.
Printable Home and Farm Property Inventory
For more brochures, see our Farm Insurance subcategories.
Crop Insurance
When it comes to weather, you hope for the best and plan for the worst. Part of that planning means protecting yourself against natural disasters, by purchasing Multiple Peril Crop Insurance (also known as MPCI, or Federal Crop Insurance) or Crop Hail Insurance.
Access to crop insurance resources and policies is provided by American Farm Bureau Insurance Services, Inc. (AFBIS), a service provider for Indiana Farm Bureau Insurance.
For downloadable brochures offering additional details on protecting your crops, see our Crop Insurance subcategories.


text:
In English
MSKLC is the abbreviation for Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator, an extremely cool tool provided for Microsoft Windows. I have used it for quite some time now and also offered a download for my (German-based) phonetic Russian keyboard layout and one with Nordic letters. As of late I am moving to US-English keyboards because they suit me better for software development. Also, it means I don't have to switch between keyboard layouts when at home and at work (where I already use a Cherry US-English keyboard way longer). There are two layouts which are based on the US layout and two which are based on the DE layout. In this section I only cover the US-based ones. Click on a pictures to get the enlarged version respectively.
In case you didn't come from there, the downloads can be found here.
US-based plus German, Icelandic and Polish characters
I created this layout to suit my needs at work, where I work with Icelandic colleagues whose names often contain specific Icelandic letters. Since some of those letters have been used in Old English, the layout may even be suitable (or easily adaptable) to those in need for typing Old English texts. In addition to that I have often found myself typing German texts without the usual "latinized Umlauts" (ä -> ae, ö -> oe, ü -> ue and ß -> ss/sz) conversion but proper letters. I also found myself occasionally digging out Polish letters with cedilla and accents. All of this is now covered by this newest keyboard layout.
Lo and behold
Small letters (no combination with special keys):
Capital letters, Shift pressed:
AltGr (Ctrl+Alt), that's the one right of the space bar, pressed:
AltGr+Shift (Ctrl+Alt+Shift) pressed:
This is
kbdus_06, btw.
Russian, phonetic
In need for typing Russian text in chat with friends, for short blog entries or other stuff, this layout can be used whenever I have a US-English keyboard in front of me. IMO the US-English keyboard is the best to develop software. I presume the evolution was the other way around though and the programming languages matched the US-English layouts because of their authors. That's why we have trigraphs to make C++ code even less readable
// Oliver


text:
Providence Steam Rollers at Cleveland Rebels Box Score, February 11, 1947
Note: Our database contains full box scores for the 1985-86 through 2014-15 regular seasons and 1985 through 2014 playoffs.
For other NBA seasons we have an image of the box score for each game (as seen below).
Box Score


text:
Modified Mustangs & FordsHow To Engine
Trick Flow Heads, Cam, Intake Upgrade - Top End Evolution
Shortly after the earth cooled, modern man started modifying Flathead V-8 engines with upgraded cylinder heads, intakes, and camshafts. Famous names we know of today, such as Edelbrock, Offenhauser, Isky, Manley, Crane, and dozens of others can trace their beginnings back to offering speed parts for the Flathead. It was known in all the speed circles that you could easily double your Flathead's power output with a good set of heads, a new intake with a couple of Strombergs, and of course, a camshaft from one of the greats like Harvey Crane, Ed Iskendarian, Clay Smith, or Ed Winfield. So it went, throughout the history of the muscle car era; upgrading your heads, cam, and intake/induction was an easy recipe for power.
Today, a lot has changed with the internal combustion engine. Direct injection, multiple runner EFI, factory turbo or supercharging, and so forth often make the traditional heads/cam/intake swap difficult, if not impossible for the home wrench spinner to accomplish. Sure, Ford's modular engines have cylinder head, cam, and induction offerings (we hope to upgrade our 4.6L Three-Valve in Generation Gap some day with such parts), but the overhead cam design means special tools, manuals, and more to get the job done. So it's nice when you open the hood of your classic Ford and still see a traditional small-block between the shock towers sometimes. With our '70 Mustang High School Hauler project, of which we desperately wanted to increase the 302's output, we had giddy thoughts of the proven and timeless heads/cam/intake swap for months now.
The great thing about performing this revered hardware upgrade is that as long as you stay within the parameters of the parts you're bolting on, it's just that, a bolt-on upgrade. Many of the manufacturers out there have built and tested these parts in similar combinations, so you know going in that purchasing head A, with camshaft B, and pushrod length C that everything will work in concert. In today's sales speak, this is often referred to as a "top end" kit or "power pack," or something of that nature. Besides a crankshaft damper puller tool, the rest of the swap can be accomplished with a standard mechanic's set of tools you already have in your garage, making the swap that much more palatable for you weekend wrench benders.
Knowing that to upgrade our heads/cam/intake, we'd also be shopping for gaskets, and a few valvetrain parts (the famous "while we're in there" upgrades like roller rockers, and so on), we picked up the speed parts bible, aka the Summit Racing catalog, and started flipping pages. Yes, we still like a printed catalog to thumb through, but even after checking out Summit's detailed website, we couldn't find a complete combo package for small-block carbureted Fords. Sure, it had Summit Top End Pro Packs for Brand X and great packages for EFI small-blocks, but not for those of us still using a four-hole fueler. Fear not, though, as a quick call to Summit's tech line allowed us to put together all the right parts in a custom package. Essentially, we used Summit's TFS-K514-350370B Trick Flow 350 HP Twisted Wedge Top-End Engine Kit, and substituted one of Summit's carb and intake combo kits for the EFI manifold (see Shopping List sidebar for all the parts details). Needless to say, Summit made it easy and we had everything ordered and delivered in two days. It's time to get to work and make some horsepower!


text:
ADB is a multilateral financial institution, which aims to improve the living standards of its Developing Member Countries (DMCs) throughout the Asia and Pacific region. ADB business opportunities arise primarily in the following sectors, where ADB actively funds development projects:
ADB's 2013 loan approvals reached US $13.19 billion. In addition, ADB provided US $142 million in equity investments; US $849 million in grants; US $149 million in technical assistance (TA); and US $35 million in guarantees.
In 2013, India was the largest loan recipient with $2.4 billion. China was second with $2 billion; Pakistan was third with $1.5 billion; Indonesia - a close fourth with $1 billion; and Philippines was fifth with $0.9 billion.
In 2013, Energy received the largest share at US $5.6 billion (27%), followed by Transport and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) with US $5 billion (25%). Finance received US $3 billion (14%). Water Supply and other municipal infrastructure got US $1.9 billion (9%). Multisector had US $1.7 billion (8%), while Public Sector Management had US $1.2 billion (5.7%). Agriculture and Natural Resources had US $1 million (5%). Education, Health as well as Industry and Trade stood at US $783 million (3.7%), US $542 million (2.6%), and $65 million (0.3%), respectively.


text:
Starkville Academy coach Jeff Terrill is quick to say that Madison Ridgeland Academy "could be the best private school in the state" when it comes to football.
With a 4-2 record overall and standing at 1-0 divisionally, the Patriots certainly fit the bill.
"I guess the best way to characterize them they are big, big, big and fast, fast, fast so certainly it will be a tremendous challenge," Terrill said. "Of course, it always is when you are playing a Division I team, but our players have been real focused. They have been down this road many times. We will come out and compete well. They will play with that heart and they will compete."
To subscribe to the E-edition, please click here.View more articles in:


text:
Motherhood has inspired my eco-friendly choices in so many ways. From household cleaners to organic mattresses free of toxic flame retardants, my choices have been about protecting the health of my family and the health of our planet. The irony is that so many children's products, that are supposed to be 'safe' for them, are made of plastic. There is also the issue of convenience products, like juice boxes and rice milk boxes with plastic straws that come in plastic packaging. This makes it difficult to navigate through the multitude of bottles, high chairs, toys and bath products available, that will work for a family AND be eco-friendly.
Plastic isn't the only factor in making my choices. For instance, the (very expensive) wood high chair from Stokke has flame retardant in the padding. I suppose I could figure out a pattern and make my own, but I don't know how to sew. The foam and plastic booster seat we purchased does not have flame retardant. But, it's plastic. The organic baby wash and shampoo comes in a plastic bottle. I have yet to find any organic baby personal care products in glass, except for an organic bum balm by Baby Bear Shop. Which I happen to love! They also make great lip balms that come in tins, so you won't be wasting plastic on the tube types. Our child safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs are plastic. The wood gates don't have wall mounts and are flimsy. The metal ones risk broken legs because of the spacing of the bars. (My brother broke his leg when he was one year old on something similar, so I don't think they're safe). The swing set we purchased is made of redwood and metal, but has a plastic slide and plastic bucket swings. Some things are just safer in plastic or there just isn't an alternative except to pass altogether on an item. That being said, I viewed some photos of the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch" again tonight and read Beth's list again over at Fake Plastic Fish, which re-ignited my commitment to reducing our plastic consumption even further.
Having a toddler has it's challenges with making the best choice on behalf of the planet. As a sleep deprived and busy mom, I need some of those conveniences. And, I couldn't have lived without my Baby Cubes plastic freezer containers for storing my baby's homemade food. So, I've decided to start with eliminating plastic that lives for under 1 day to 1 month in our home. Items like, Ziploc storage bags have been replaced with these great snack sacks I found on Etsy from WasteNotSaks. Lunch Skins by 3 Green Moms also makes a variety of these pouches. I've already eliminated plastic wrap and I use silicon covers, aluminum foil and Anchor glass storage containers. My mom is giving me her yogurt maker, which will eliminate a lot of plastic tubs going into the trash. (They don't recycle them in my county). I am considering giving up paper towels for my son's spills and using rags. We have a water shortage here and rinsing the rags out all day will also waste water. I need to weigh this one out and get some opinions. I don't like that paper towels come wrapped in plastic.
My mom pointed out to me last night that the organic chicken I was preparing for dinner was sitting in styrofoam and wrapped in plastic – one meal for 500 years of degradation! My last trip to Whole Foods, I didn't want to wait in the long line at the deli counter to get my chicken, so I opted for the pre-packaged version. From now on I will wait in line and get my chicken wrapped in paper! I am excited about getting a composter to eliminate all plastic bags in our home! On the theme of composting, I recently changed out my makeup. Maybelline model, Josie Maran is a cool, earth -friendly mom who gave birth in her back yard. She started a line of non-toxic and eco-friendly cosmetics that I love! Her compact, when finished, can be thrown in the composter – once the mirror is removed!
Shampoo, conditioner and body lotions will be the most difficult. Again, plastic isn't the only issue. I don't want chemicals on my body or going down the drain either. For instance, Lush makes a shampoo bar that I tried years ago and loved – but it isn't organic and has some "junk" in there I don't want on my body. I am going to try Burt's Bees shampoo bar when I run out of my bottled shampoo. There are some body lotions out there that have simple, natural ingredients housed in glass. I used one from Red Flower Japan in the past and it smelled like plums. I already use a wonderful solid bar made of olive oil and beeswax for my hands and my child's dry cheeks. My hair is dry, so I need a conditioner. If anyone has any suggestions on this one, I'll take it!
Is anyone else up for the challenge? Review the products in your home that have a single use or last for under 1 day to 1 month and eliminate them. And then email me to tell me about it!


text:
Discussion in 'Steelhead' started by Panhandle, Jul 6, 2007.
Its a very steep learning curve
Hahahah, the Skagit == silly hard! Man, more than any river that one intimidated me the most! I think it took 6 trips before it finally gave up a fish to me....
Tom Quinn's work at Forks creek characterized the low survival of hatchery/wild crosses. Send me a PM and I can probably find a PDF file unless someone else has a link. I believe there are other similar studies in the Kalama and elsewhere.
On the walla walla river its nearly all hatchery fish. I've only landed two truely wild steelhead in 3 years of fishing when compared to larger amounts of brats. That river needs to be closed and restored. For the amount of water it carries and pristine spawning habitat of it and its tribuaries, it should be kicking out huge numbers of wild fish.
On the T rivers most fish are wild, about 1 in 4 are hatchery atleast for me.
Ronde, about half and half
Clearwater, almost all hatchery
I think I could live without steelehad if it meant their eventual return, just not well.
You're a better man than me Andy.
The Kalama studies were the first to have a significant amount of data suggesting that spawning interactions between wild and hatchery fish could significantly decrease the survival of the fish. There is a large body of scientific literature on hatchery wild interactions, some more conclusive that others. Bill Bakke with the wild fish society has a good amount of literature linked to his website http://www.nativefishsociety.org/conservation/biblio/wild_vs_hatchery/index.html
That link should be helpful.
As far as my feels about hatcheries I too have a number of conflicting feelings. First of all, I like catching steelhead. Increasingly however my interest in fish/fishing has been in catching native fish so I would much rather target native steelhead if doing so did not cause undue harm to the sustainability of the run. I also think that as fisheries managers we lean much too heavily on hatcheries as a means of creating better fishing opportunity. In my limited experience, hatchery steelhead are inferior in all arenas, survival, willingness to take a fly, and fighting ability. I do however understand as others have mentioned that in some systems there would be no fish/fishing were it not for hatcheries. In these instances I think hatchery production is acceptable. That being said, the amount of hatchery planting that occurs in many systems which have completely viable habitat is disturbing to me and I cant help but think that without the hatchery fish the wild fish would be much better off.
The columbia system presents unique challenges. When you are loosing 10% of outmigrant smolts at each dam the wild fish are going to struggle to survive period, so for rivers like the Methow hatchery plantings are probably going to be the reality. Broodstocks while possibly the lesser of two evils actually undergo domestication selection and show considerably decreased survival and overall fitness within only a few generations of domestication, so they probably arent a good answer for restoring wild fish. The Snake system is the one that really infuriates me. The dams on the snake generate a trivial amount of electricity and their maintenance as well as the cost of mitigation efforts (hatcheries, habitat restoration, etc) are heavily subsidized by the government...all to make Lewiston the largest inland port in the world. Its Bull! With the amount of money we've spent polluting the gene pool of those amazing clearwater fish we could remove the dams and create a highspeed rail system that would be at least as effective in transporting grain from idaho. I hope to god we can see that in our lifetimes, because with climate change and all the other challenges facing those fish I am affraid that may be the only way to save them in the long run. Its just so frustrating that restoring those runs is right at our fingertips and the bureaucrats are too ignorant to do anything but squander tax dollars on inferior hatchery fish!
I am conflicted on this issue. Much the same as some previous posters. One thought though, given the current political climate and the current demographics in the fly vs. bait vs. gear situation, IF we were to close any major river systems OR a significant number of smaller systems, you can bet that they will be closed to ALL forms of angling. Don't count on CnR fishing getting a pass. Not arguing for or against here..... just pointing out that the closure of CnR along with other forms of angling would be a virtual certainty.
In a perfect world the folks who wanted to keep fishing would convert to CnR but, I think that in the real world they would pitch a screaming fit and lobby for total closure. You can also multiply that likelyhood by several orders of magnitude if the tribes and commercials get shut down.
Still best for the fish?
So JonB, I'm not picking on you in the least bit. But the concept of us versus them is kinda a reoccuring theme and sometimes doesn't jive with reality. Bait and gear have nothing to do with C&R or catch and keep. The use of single barbless hooks is one of the best transitions we can make towards a sustainable C&R fishery. Studies in general show that if the isn't gil or gut hooked that they will in general recover.
The reason why I bring this up is because most of the best bait guys I know do C&R exclusively for wild fish, even when it is their right to keep one. The people you speak of demographically are more into the harvest aspect of the fisheries, and the usual argument is based on the "right by tradition". The arguments that we see about harvest versus C&R occur on bait/gear boards at a rate that rivals our own on the fly boards and definately crosses the boundry of fly versus gear into gear versus gear.
As is, the catch and keep of wild fish is pretty much as limited as it's going to get in this state (with the exception of the OP). Further restrictions would reduce the harvest on the OP to 0. Unfortunately that doesn't help the current plight of the wild stocks on the big C or the puget sound metropolis rivers. In most cases, the rivers are simply closed on Feb 28th, usually based on escapement for the wild stocks (which usually means it's closed).
As for justification, the only thing that we can do to justify our C&R season is to state that the C&R mortality goal for a specific run will be how we choose to use our allotment of fish for the fishing season. Our tribal co-managers can do what they will with theirs, but that's a firm legal issue, nothing more nothing less. Any argument from the tribes would be quickly put down as this would be well within our rights by the Boldt decision. Of course if they *did* choose to revist this it is entirely possible that the entirety of the Boldt decision could be unravelled based on the current plight of the fish. I doubt comanagership would be surrendered as that right was earned in blood and suffering, but the oversight for the tribes and WDFW would probably start to change, as well as the defined right of harvest and how limits are set.
-- Cheers
-- James
I catch very few natives in local waters. I can count only a few and most of them are winter fish. I try to avoid places like the Upper Kalama where there are better numbers at certain times of the year. If I am to catch them, I would rather do it in the spring or early summer when they are fresh and full of vigor.
I doubt that rivers like the Cowlitz have many natives in them. Winter fish maybe, but I doubt there are any true summer fish left. It is too bad, but realistically keeping a few rivers a catch and keep fishery will make kill fisherman at least partially happy. I personally bonk most if not all hatchery fish. Although I would prefer to catch a beautiful strong native steelhead, I will take a slightly mutilated hatchery fish that sometimes fish just as well as its native brethren. Also I believe removing hatchery fish from the genetic pool is a must. I have seen on two different systems steelhead spawning, Both times I noticed some of the fish were not wild. I left them alone, but what are the genetic consequences?
So yeah I am torn as well.
When you examine the DNA of both hatchery and wild fish, you will see amino acid differences in the same line sequences. These slight variations can and will account for a genetically different fish, regardless if they make it back to their rearing habitat. Interestingly, mutations along DNA sequences can both help sustain a population or weaken its ability to survive.
We were in Hank's Market in Twisp on the 4th and they had fresh Columbia Steelhead for sale. Now what's up with that?
Will, well said, I see Some good points in you post...
"Hatchery fish" could mean several different things. 1. It could be fish that from some where, other drainages, that have totally different genetic profile. 2. It could be the offspring from last year wild type parent fish that have pure genetic profile.
Having the first type of hatchery fish in the river, the gene pool would be washed out and lost their evolutionary significance and also might reduce the fitness of the local wild fish. On the other hand, having the second type of hatchery fish in the river, they did help the river maintain certain amount of fish, increase the population size of the whole lineage in that specific race. "Good" fishery fish restore the population that have been hugely damaged by dam, fisherman and habitat loss. For the genetic tool we have today... ,and if the implantation have been done properly, hatchery fish could be a good thing to the damaged fishery. Although I still love to see the fish will roam wild by themself without humans' hands. Just my little opinion for your reference.
Prolly purchased from a tribal netter... It was more than likely hatchery origin fish...
Here's a link to a USGS study looking at genetic differences in the migration, growth, and survival of hatchery and wild steelhead and of hatchery and wild spring chinook salmon :
That's funny, because that was the river they chose to sample steelhead from. If they can't get wild fish, how can they make a comparison??
Something else weird about it: It only has the first 2 years (2000-2002) of a five-year study written up, and should be finished by now, but I couldn't find the final data anywhere on the USGS website.
Thanks for the link, Will. That looks like a great organization and website!! :thumb:
Thank you for that!:rofl: I promise not to pick on you either.:thumb:
I believe the same studies also show that the likelyhood of gill or gut hooking increases with the use of bait vs. artificial lures.
I used to be one of those guys but, "Most of the best bait guys I know" is not a very large sampling group, and I'm not sure I made my point clearly enough since you are bringing this up.
My point is that closing the hatcheries and making more rivers CnR only will increase lobbying form the CnK crowd to close the rivers completely.
I then asked the question, Is this still the best thing for the fish?
Come live in Wenatchee and then you won't have to talk hypothetically about closed rivers
Interesting thread. First of all I would rather fish over fewer fish in a self sustaining run rather than a river full of hatchery brats. I do on occaision target hatchery fish based on the time of year (Dec-Jan), but I would gladly trade this opportunity if there was a chance to recover early returning nates.
Here are a couple of observations. Steelhead are planted in almost every river in the state. Coho and chinook are also planted in a great many drainages. Which species are having the greatest challenges?
hmmmm....steelhead, chinook and coho. Pinks and chum are doing pretty well on their own. Could it be that hatcheries are negatively influencing wild steelhead, chinook and coho? :beathead: If you presented this question to a fourth grader I'm sure you could find the solution. How long before we can no longer call any of our runs native?
Hatcheries are getting fewer and fewer fish back, in some cases this is in the face of larger and larger plants. This has two effects: One, the obvious effect of less returning hatchery fish to fish for or to collect for spawning, and two, those fish that actually make it back and end up straying are from a severely compromised stock and likeley have an even worse effect on the native gene pool. We need the remaining rivers that have viable native stocks to be preserved as such.
Totally gut hooking was more likely with bait, but the single largest factor in the study I saw was the use of single barbless hooks. The non-use of bait was second, not distantly but enough to be distinguished.
Totally agree on this. The catch and keep crowd often use this argument as reasons for keeping. The reoccuring theme is, if the river can't sustain harvest it should be closed. It is funny though as often those arguments are grounded in the bizzare belief that C&R mortality is like 75%, and that fishing is about harvest. The counter of course is that fishing has evolved into a sport, and that to maximize the sport opportunity, C&R is an excellent tool.
As for closing all rivers, because of the C&K crowd not liking C&R, I doubt it will ever happen. BC had a huge contingent of C&K up in their lakes region. When most lakes were turned into C&R based on a provisional plan there was much wailing and gnashing of teeth. Five years into the program though, people learned that *more* money was coming into the local economies because of the excellent fishing, and that the fishing was more fun. Of course there were still meat factories to allow people to keep, but by and large quite a bit went to C&R.
Then again all of this is opinion, so you know how far that goes! None the less I do see your point more clearly (and it seems you've seen much of the same arguments between the gear guys!).
For me it is rather simple. I love fishing. I love catching fish, but it is a simple question of quality vs quantity. Some fisheries are truely amazing. Some coatal fisheries come to mind. These fisheries have fish in the system every day of the year due to the fact that we have created hatchery runs. The streams still maintain a great native fish population that haven't been messed with and are great sport. I maintain that such fisheries be left intact. The upper columbia/ Snake river tribs are a much different story. These streams have one run of fish and they all spawn at the same time. The hatchery fish, that some of the streams produce, are VERY tiny where the natives are huge perfectly propotioned fish. There are places though where big hatchery fish are produced and thus they create fun fisheries, but I know my wild fish fight much harder and are generally better fish. Its a tough one Adam.
Mark T Bové


text:
We sell all the Tools You Love , Web,Design,Video software, tutorials, monthly subscriptions, Adobe seller partner
Veysoft.co.uk is proud Adobe partner and affiliate website.
It originated from a small group of big Adobe products, web design, development and the arts in general, as an important factors in their lives, fans' desire and passion. Driven by enthusiasm and the need for knowledge transfer, we have launched a website in 2013, which is our space on the Internet. Our space, now becomes your space…


text:
Updated: 04/22/2013 10:22 AM KSTP.com By: Hannah Anderson
When it comes to acting talent, you've either got it or you don't.
Our friend Mitchell does have "it," and he is willing to do the legwork to make his dreams come true.
The only thing this aspiring actor is missing is a family to call his own.
KSTP's Rusty Gatenby went to talk to him in this week's Thursday's Child.


text:
For Mike Beczkowski, parking on his street near the American Can Company complex in Canton has gotten a bit better since he and others in the neighborhood persuaded the city to require residential permit parking last November. Most nights, he can now find a place to park near his rowhouse.
"This permit parking has given us a hunting license to get parking in our area," Beczkowski said.
But for Paul Palmieri, the CEO of Millennial Media, the parking woes in Canton have never been worse. Each day, his 200 employees struggle to find places to park near Millennial's headquarters at the Can Company complex, a bustling center of offices and restaurants on Boston Street.
Parking is a long-simmering problem throughout Canton that in recent years has pitted area businesses against residents. How well Canton's business and residential communities can work together — and with city government — to ease everyone's parking woes remains to be seen. Much is at stake, from allaying residents' quality-of-life concerns to supporting businesses that create a vibrant commercial area in the Can Company complex.
It's such a critical issue, Palmieri said, that it's one of the factors he's considering in whether to move Millennial, a thriving Internet company that went public this year in a $1.8 billion offering, out of Canton when its lease expires next year.
Another company already has left the complex, in part because of parking. R2i, a digital marketing agency with 75 employees, left the Can Company last month and moved to offices overlooking the Inner Harbor.
Matt Goddard, R2i's CEO, cited parking as a significant problem that contributed to the company's move. R2i's employees park in a garage now.
"We need more space," Goddard said. "Everyone kept talking about the parking. It wasn't the only reason, but it was the thing that tipped me over."
Millennial may leave Baltimore altogether. Palmieri said the company is looking in the region, but also at spots in Northern Virginia and Washington.
"We're in the early stages of exploration of our long-term headquarters," Palmieri said. "We want that exploration to include Canton, but it's currently challenging, at best."
Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake recently visited Millennial to discuss the company's future in the city, and parking was one of the items on the agenda, the mayor's spokesman said.
Permit parking near the Can Company complex may just have shifted the problem. Residents outside the permit area now complain they often have to park several blocks from their homes when they arrive from work. The local city councilman, James B. Kraft, said he's working on a solution with city officials that will be unveiled this fall, likely involving more reverse-angle parking, space sharing and other remedies.
C. William Struever, the Can Company's developer and property manager, ticked off a raft of changes coming to the Can Company in the coming months, including better-managed parking for businesses, visitors and residents in the complex's garage, and more bike racks.
"We're working with the community trying to reduce the need for parking and reduce traffic congestion," Struever said. "We're trying to come up with a long-term solution for the parking that recognizes everybody's needs."
Resident Leroy Hartman recently gave in to the parking problems. Hartman, 71, who lives in the 800 block of S. Port St., said he had to quit his job at the port of Baltimore as a visitor escort two months ago because he grew tired of searching for parking for an hour in Canton each night when he returned from work.
"When I first moved here [in 1994], the Can Company was completely empty," Hartman said. "Now they have all these business open in the Can Company, but no off-street parking."
Part of the problem stems from the success of the complex, which was redeveloped in the late 1990s from a shuttered factory into a hub for businesses and commerce. Struever said the factory used to have about 250 workers.
Now the complex houses about 700 workers employed by dozens of small companies. Restaurants have moved into the complex, while a Safeway supermarket abuts the property.
The Can Company has become a destination for workers — and their cars — during the day, and an evening draw for people going to restaurants and bars. Neighborhood residents believe the city and the Can Company's owner and property manager should fix the parking problem that the business tenants and their customers helped create for residents.
Parking woes pit Canton residents, businesses against each other
American Can Co. complex overflows with workers and visitors competing with residents for street parking
- 1
- 2
- next
- | single page
Vehicles parked along Hudson Street near the intersection with Glover in Canton. (Barbara Haddock Taylor, Baltimore Sun / July 16, 2012)
- Canton Crossing retail center set to break ground in August
- Millennial Media posts loss in first quarter as a public company
- Mobile ad leader Millennial Media goes public
- Apple's fizzled products
- Rumor roundup: The new iPhone
- On the Facebook campus
See more photos »
- Restaurant and Catering Industry
- Vehicles
- Business
See more topics »
2400 Boston St., Baltimore, MD 21224
- 1
- 2
- next
- | single page


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Barner et al.
Nov. 6, 1973 MEMORY CONTROL IN A MULTIPURPOSE SYSTEM UTILIZING A BROADCAST Inventors: Robert Paul Barner, Silver Spring;
John Anton Deveer, Olney; Jan Gustav Oblonsky, Brookville, all of Md 21 Appl. No.: 179,376
Primary Examiner-Paul J. Henon Assistant ExaminerMichael Sachs At10rneyJ. Jancin, Jr. et al [57] ABSTRACT In a multiprocessing computer where a plurality of processors, each with its own buffer memory, share a main memory, a broadcast system provides each processor the capability to query each other processor to deter mine whether a modified (e.g. updated) version of the desired data is located in another processors buffer memory. The memory control unit simultaneously initiates a main memory read cycle and a broadcast signal [52] US. Cl. 340/}? 5 in response to a request for data If a fi d version [5T] Ill. CI. 606' 1 I16 ofthe data is found to be in a bufi'er memory, it is trans [58] Fltld 0' Search 340/l72.5 ferred to the main memory y h control uni. The main memory read cycle is then changed to a write I 56] Rderences Clted cycle so that the modified version replaces the original UNITED TATES PATENT data. The modified data is then switched onto the mem- 3,445,822 5/1969 Driscoll 340/1725 my ata us and transmitted to the requesting proces- 3,611,315 10/1971 Kokubunji-shi et al 340/1725 sor. Using this system, which only allows one buffer to 3,6l8,040 ll/l97l Kokubunji-shi et al 340/1725 contain a modified version of any data item, the re- 3.$81,291 5/1971 lwarnoto et al. 340/1725 questing processor obtains the most current data in one 3,061,192 10/1962 Terzian 340 1725 main memory cycle in Such a manner that it appears that the data is originating from main memory.
13 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures N A l N 9 M E M O RY [xi '8 4 i CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL UN lT UN IT U N l T l P BUFFER 2 l BUFFER 2 BUFFER X2 1 E EE EL E EE EL L'L l'9 l PROCESSOR PROCESSOR F PROCESSOR PAIENTEDROV 81973 3771.137
MIN 9 MEMORY 5, CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL UNIT UNIT UNIT I BUFFER 2 I BUFFER ,2 I BUFFER 4/2 1/ JEE5 E E 2E EE EE ER PROCESSOR PROCESSOR -1/ PROCESSOR ADDRESS AND OPERATION ADDRESS AND OPERATION DATA FROM FROM PROCESSOR 1 FROM CONTROL UNIT 6 CONTROL UNIT 6 PROCESSOR W205 BROADCAST 206 CONTROL UNIT A21 ADDRESS REG ADDRESS REG om m REG DIRECTORY CACHE DIRECTORY CACHE /2o1 OUTPUT REG OUTPUT REG 211 I it 3 II 050095 TO CONTROL UNITE T0 PROCESSORI (CONTROL mm mm 5 REGISTER 941 I INVENTORS TO CONTROL umrs ROBERT P BARNER (BROADCAST HIT JOHN A. deVEER LATCH REG 92) JAN G. OBLONSKY BY FIG. 2
1 3 REGISTER k4 REGISTER ADDRESS DECOTJER FIG. 4
1 lNTRA-CONTRUL PRIORITY AND SELECTION UNIT PATENTEUROv 6 m3 3.771.137
CONIRUL UNIT 60 ["L e F O I INTER-CONTROL I INTER-CONTROL I I AODRESS REG l I ADDRESS REG I l j J 7 66 I I LNTER'CONTROL UNTER-CONTROL I I RIORITY UNIT PRIORITY umr) NTROL IRO%6| LQ QQEROL I TO CONTROL I PIOSER Y JRSO CONTROL tlN l fi NTRm CONTROL um ADDRESS REG PRIORITY umn I 1 I I 1 O I I INTER-CONTROL I I STORAGE 82 CONTROL STORAGE ADDRESS REG SEQUENCE REG ADDRESS REG I as I I L .J
8 T0 mm MEMORY 9 FIG. 6 FROM MAIN MEMORY 9 T0 mm MEMORY9 8 CONTROL /72 QON CONFIGURATION ;O ADDRESS REG CONTROL REG 1 COMPARATOR /9 nm OUT 96 BROADCAST REG HIT LATCH 2 CONTROL um um m REG T0 TO FROM PROCESSOR 1 PROCESSOR 1 PROCESSOR 1 MEMORY CONTROL IN A MULTIPURPOSE SYSTEM UTILIZING A BROADCAST BACKGROUND This invention relates to computer systems and more specifically to a memory control system in a multiprocessing computer wherein each processor is provided with a buffer memory.
In a data processing system that utilizes a buffer memory, information from the main memory may be stored in the buffer memory as well as in the main memory. When the processor requests new data, the system first checks the buffer memory to determine whether it is available, and if it is, the data is provided to the processor. ln the event that the data is not available in the buffer memory the data is retrieved from the main memory. When this concept of maintaining data in a plurality of storage devices is extended to a system where there are multiple users of the common main storage problems arise as to the current validity of data within a particular storage device. This problem may occur where multiple users such as a uniprocessor with a buffer memory and its associated input/output (1/0) channels share a common main memory, as well as in a multiprocessing system with a plurality of processors, each with its own buffer memory all sharing a common main memory.
Several techniques have been developed to overcome this problem and to insure that only the most current data is provided to the requesting user.
One technique for solving this problem has been to provide a validity bit for each portion of data stored within each buffer memory. When the data is updated (modified) in any buffer a write cycle is executed into main memory to update the main memory version of the data. In addition to updating, the data in main memory, the validity bit of this data is made invalid in all of the other bufier memories in which this data is resident. In this manner, the other processors are notified that the data within the buffer is invalid and a main memory fetch will be required in order to obtain the most current data. This method, although it does insure that each processor ultimately obtains the most current data requires (a) that the most current data be maintained within the main memory and also (b) that upon each modification of the data that all other processors be notified of the change even though they may not require this data updated. Implementation of this method has proved to be complex, thereby increasing the cost of the computer, as well as degrading the processing speed of the computer.
Still another proposed technique is to provide indicators within main memory showing which buffer memory contains a copy of each individual portion of data. Each time data is read from main memory or written into the buffer memory, the corresponding indicator for that buffer memory is turned on. Also every time a main memory write function is carried out the contents of that corresponding indicator is checked to invalidate the information in the buffer memory which has had its indicator turned on. This technique required that the indicators for the status of each portion of data be maintained within the main memory and that the other processors be cleared each time data is read from the main memory and written into a buffer memory. This technique also greatly increases complexity of the computer system, thereby increasing its cost. It also degrades its speed performance in that the invalidity check must be performed within the main memory upon each fetch from main memory.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved memory control system for a data processor system with increased speed performance.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved memory control system for the simultaneous storage into main memory of modified data from a buffer memory while transferring this data to the requesting user.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a memory control system which allows the use of the existing main memory data paths for transmitting data between buffer memories.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a memory control system which allows the use of the existing control data paths for broadcasting to be utilized for storing data into main memory.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a communications system with the other processors of a multiprocessing system which will allow the retrieval of the most current data from another processors buffer memory, while simultaneously updating main memory in such a manner that it appears to the requesting processor that the data is being fetched from main memory.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other objects of the invention are accomplished in the following manner. When a processor does not find data it requires in its own associated buffer memory, it sends a request to its control unit. A control unit is associated with each processor to interface the processor to the main storage and other control units. The control unit scans all outstanding requests for memory access by means of a first level priority which selects one request for a non busy memory according to the current requestor priority and the list of busy sectors of memory. After a request is selected, it is transmitted to all other control units. After a transmission delay, each control unit will then have the addresses of the requests selected by all the control units. An identical second level priority is then executed simultaneously in each control unit to determine which of the requests is to be serviced. The originating control unit then transmits to main storage the selected request to start the memory cycle. At the same time, the selected request and address is broadcast by each control unit to the processor which it interfaces. As the broadcast is received by the processor, its buffer memory directory must be referenced immediately to determine whether a modified version of the requested data is in the buffer memory. If the broadcast is identified as a fetch request and modified data is located in the buffer memory, the buffer memory must immediately access the data and transmit it to its control unit. The control unit, in turn, places the data on the storage data bus to lowing is a list of rules which govern this broadcast activity:
1. All I/O memory accesses are broadcast.
2. All data fetch requests for processors are broadcast.
3. The first store to a block of data which is valid in a buffer memory but not modified in that buffer will cause a new fetch request for the same data so as to initiate a broadcast.
The only main storage activity which will not cause normal broadcast is the case where a replacement in a buffer memory causes modified data to be removed. This case will cause a store from the buffer memory to main memory before the fetch request for the new data is serviced.
All broadcasts must go to all processors except the processor initiating the memory access. There is only one exception to this rule; i.e., when a replacement store occurs, a reverse broadcast is issued back only to the requesting processor, in order that existing controls may be utilized in storing that data into memory.
A feature then of the present invention is the capability of converting the main memory cycle from a read cycle to a write cycle when a broadcast detects modified data in another buffer memory.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following specification when taken in conjunction with the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the data processing system which employs the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the buffer memory unit which is' utilized in the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the format of the data within the directory.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus within the control unit that is utilized to determine intra-control unit priority.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus utilized to perform inter-control unit communications.
FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus within the control unit that is utilized for broadcast control.
Referring to FIG. 1, a multiprocessing system of the form contemplated by the present invention includes a plurality of processors 1, each containing its own buffer memory 2. Each of these processors 1 is connected by its bus 3 to a control unit 6. Control unit 6 controls access and priority of service to the main memory 9, and controls communications with the other control units 6. Each control unit 6 may have connected to it an input/output (l/O) channel 5 connected by a bus 4. Additionally each of the control units 6 is connected to every other one by an inter-control unit bus 7. Each of the control units is also connected to the main memory 9. It should be noted that the processor 1 described in this invention could be a single uniprocessor as well as a more complex pipeline processor that vis simultaneously processing a plurality of instruction streams with the instruction streams sharing the resources of the buffer memory 2.
A more detailed description of the buffer memory 2 of FIG. 1 will now be given with the more detailed drawing in FIG. 2.
Generally, the buffer memory 2 is designed to support the processor 1 by providing storage functions at a speed much greater than that of the main memory 9.
Buffer memory 2 provides storage functions to support processor 1 processing speeds. It supplies copies of the most recently used data to the processor 1, stores away updated blocks, maintains records consisting of the status and disposition of data, and communicates its activities to other buffer memories 2 via the broadcast mechanism. As shown in FIG. 2 the principle components of buffer memory 2 are the primary storage module called the cache 200, and the directory 204.
Although the buffer memory 2 may be organized in various ways, the buffer memory 2 embodiment of this invention comprises 4 basic storage modules (BSMs) of 8,192 bits each in the cache 200. Each BSM is divided into left and right segments, and into 512 partitions. Each partition is 16 bytes, 8 associated with each segment in cache 200. The partition represents a direct mapping between buffer memory 2 and main memory 9. A block in main memory may reside in either of the 2 block segments for that partition in cache 200. This mapping scheme is termed, two-way set associative. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many types of mapping schemes might be employed in the buffer memory 2 and that this invention is not restricted to this type of mapping.
The system architecture of the present embodiment utilizes a system address, bits 8-31, which identifies the partition by bits 8-26, the BSM by bits 27-28 and the byte by bits 29-3l. The segment is identified by comparing system address 8-17 with the contents of a directory 204 which is organized with similar parameters as cache 200. The cache accepts real addresses only. Logical addresses must be translated first. However, since the translation of addresses might be accomplished in many ways, known to those skilled in the art, and since address translation per se is not a part of the present invention this translation will not be discussed. Suffice it to say that the address translation has been accomplished and only real addresses are input to the bulTer memory 2.
The cache 200 is used to hold the subset of main memory data currently being used by its associated processor 1. As noted above, it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that this storage could be used by a plurality of instruction streams if the processor 1 happens to be a pipeline processor which was simultaneously processing a plurality of instruction streams with the instruction streams sharing the resources of the processor 1.
The directory 204 is a table of contents that identifies and classifies data stored in the cache 200. The directory 204 maintains a copy of each resident block address and provides searches for all data fetches from cache 200. Although only one directory 204, within a buffer memory 2, is shown, it should be recognized that in some situations it might be desirable to have two directories, one for store and broadcast searches, and another for fetch searches. This would be particularly desirable in the case where processor 1 was a pipeline processor operating on more than one instruction stream. By so utilizing two directories simultaneous searches of the directories might be accomplished realizing increased bandwidth capabilities.
The directory 204, is similar in organization to cache 200. There is one 16 bit entry per cache block. The directory 204 partition address bits are the same as cache 200, discussed above. Referring to FIG. 3 the 16 bits in each entry in the directory 204 contains the following fields:
l. block [D bits 30, which correspond to system address 8-17 and identify to main storage block resident in that corresponding cache 200 entry.
2. One modified bit 31, indicates that the block resident in that cache entry has been altered by the program.
3. One delete bit 32, that denotes that this block will not be replaced.
4. One RC bit 33, used to decode the segment to be replaced if a directory miss occurs during an access.
5. One validity bit 34, indicates that a main storage block is resident in a cache block.
6. 2 spare bits 35.
The modified bit 31 and validity bit 34 provides validation means to insure only a single valid modified version of data may exist within one of the buffer memories. 2. How this is accomplished will be explained in the operation section, below.
Also shown in H6. 2 is the processor address register 203 which receives address and operational requests from processor 1 over bus 202. This register is connected to directory 204 and cache 200 in order to provide a means to input received information into these units to perform the necessary search for the requested data. Also connected to the cache 200 and directory 204 is the broadcast address register 206 which receives address and operation information from its control unit 6 during a broadcast operation over bus 3. Di rectory output register 205 is provided to receive the output of directory 204 resulting from a search of the directory 204 while decoder 211 is utilized to decode the status of the data within the cache 200. That is the decoder 211 is utilized to determine whether the data is valid and whether it has been modified. Cache output register 201 is provided to receive the output of cache 200, while control unit data lN register 221 connected to cache 200 provides a means to receive data from control unit 6. Bypass bus 22 is provided to allow a means for the buffer memory 2 to simultaneously provide the data received from control unit 6 to processor 1 as the data received from control unit 6 is being stored into cache 200.
In the patent application of L. J. Boland et al, U. S. Pat. No. 3,588,829 for lntegated Memory System with Block Transfer to a Buffer Store," filed Nov. 14, I968, and assigned to the same assignee as this case, there is disclosed a buffer memory which is functionally equivalent to the buffer memory described herein.
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL UNIT Essentially the control unit 6 is the interface between the processor 1 and main memory 9 and also with other processors 1. Every control unit 6 also forms an interface between the l/O units 5 and main memory 9 as well as provides control and communications between various parts of the multiprocessing system. The functions performed by the control unit 6 can be grouped into three categories; i.e., request handling logic, data bussing to main memory 9, and data return from main memory 9. Within these areas the control unit 6 controls time sharing of main memory 9 between and within processors 1; establishes priority and resolves conflicts in the contention for main memory 9 access; determines the selection and addressing of main memory 9; and controls reconfiguration of the multiprocess' ing system in response to system requirements.
FIG. 4 shows how the control unit 6 performs the function of intra-control unit priority. Requests for access to main memory 9 arrive from its associated processor 1 over bus 3 to register 61 and from its associated [/0 units 5 over bus 4 to register 69. Each request includes the location in main memory 9 and the operation to be performed. This information is decoded in address decoder 60 and is checked against a memory busy directory 62 to insure that the memory area re quested is not busy. When usable addresses have been determined for memory, the requests are submitted for priority determination. Where [/0 units 5 have the ability to perform this address decoding and memory busy directory search internally, then a bypass of this function may be provided as shown by dotted bus 67. When usable address 5 have been determined for memory, the requests are submitted for priority determinations.
A detailed disclosure of an address decoder of the type used herein is disclosed in the application of A. P. Mullery, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,293,615, filed June 3, [963 for a Current Addressing System," and a memory busy directory of the type utilized herein is disclosed in the application of R. T. Blosk, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,231,862 filed Dec. 30, 1960 for "Memory Bus Control Unit" both of which are assigned to the assignee of this application.
Priority between the processors 1 and their l/O units 5 is set in the intra-control priority and selection unit 64. Obviously if a processor 1 was a processor operating on more than one l-Stream, priority would also have to be determined in the intra-control priority and selection unit 64 between the various l-Streams as well as between the various [/0 units 5. When final selection of request is made the associated address information is inputted into the inter-control address register 66. The output information from an inter-control address register 66 is available to other control units 6 over the inter-control unit busses 7 and to the control storage address register 100, which will be discussed below.
FIG. 5 illustrates the communication of selected request address information for a control unit 6 configuration such as that shown in FIG. I. The subscripts 0, l and 2 identify elements within the several control unit 6 control unit 6, and control unit 6,, respectively. For inter-control communication, it is necessary that the three control units 6 be synchronized, thereby assuring that the intra-control priority selection results, described above, although developed in each control unit 6 independently, are made available to all control units 6 over the inter-control unit bus 7 simultaneously. Thus the information set in each inter-control address register 66 is available both to the inter-control selector in its own control unit 6 and to all other control units 6 as well.
FIG. 5 also shows the apparatus used in making a determination as to which control unit 6 gets priority for its request to access main memory 9. The results of the intra-control priority selection, discussed above, is submitted to all three inter-control priority units 70 at the same time. The data is transferred from inter-control address register 66 to each control unit 6 over bus 7 to each inter-control priority unit 70 in each other control unit 6. Priority among the three requests is established in a manner similar to that for the intra-control unit priority system already described. Thus, priority might be given first to H requests, then to processor requests. When contention among the three control units exist, (e.g. all contain processor requests) the priority selection scheme might be based upon any type of a scheme which rates the processors in a predetermined relative order of priority.
When the selection has been made by inter-control priority unit 70 the control unit 6 which originated the selected request gates the contents of its inter-control address register 66 into its control address register 72. Simultaneously, the other two control units 6 gate over the inter-control unit bus 7 the contents of the selected inter-control address register 66. At completion of the selected function then, the contents of all three control address registers 72 are identical and available for determining the need for broadcasting to the processors 1 associated with the respective control unit 6. In addition, the contents of the selected inter-control address register 66 are gated into its respective control storage address register 100 to become available for transmission to memory.
FIG. also shows the manner in which a memory request interface is performed. After the inter-control priority selection is completed, as described above, the contents of inter-control address register 66 are gated into the control storage address register 100 and into the storage sequence register 82. The storage sequence register 82 receives the portion of the address information needed to select the storage distribution element in main memory 9. Storage sequence register 82 and control storage address register 100 are connected to main memory 9 by bus 8 and provide the means necessary to initiate the main memory 9 operation.
A priority control unit capable of performing the above intra control priority and inter control priority functions is disclosed in the application or A. Podvin et al, US. Pat. No. 3,611307, filed Apr. 13, 1969, for an Execution Unit Shared by a Plurality of Arrays of Virtural Processors" which is assigned to the same assignee of this application.
FIG. 6 shows the operation of the broadcast control within each control unit 6. As described above at the completion of the selection function the control address register 72 contains the address and operation of the data within main memory 9. Configuration control register 90 provides a predetermined setting which determines the range within main memory 9 that the processor 1 and [/0 units 5 that are associated with the particular control unit 6 may access. Comparator 91 allows the comparison of the control address register 72 with the setting within the configuration control register 90 prior to the broadcast operation in order to determine whether the address which is being desired could be resident within the buffer memory 2 associated with the particular control unit 6. That is, if the address that is desired within main memory does not fall within the range of the setting within configuration control register 90it is not necessary to broadcast the address to the buffer memory 2 because this address could not be resident within buffer memory 2 since processor 1 does not have access to this particular area of main memory 9. Those skilled in the art will recognize that this configuration control register 90 may easily be omitted without impairing the operation of the present invention. Without the configuration control register 90 and comparator 91 it would merely be nec essary to broadcast all addresses from all control units 6. In the event that a particular processor 1 cannot access the requested area within main memory 9 it would merely mean that for that particular broadcast there is no possibility of obtaining a hit within the particular buffer memory 2.
Broadcast hit latch 92 within control unit 6 provides a means to indicate whether a broadcast has resulted in a hit and that, therefore, there is valid modified data within the bufier memory 2. It also provides means to convert the main memory cycle to a write cycle. The broadcast hit latch 92 is connected via bus 3 to the decoder 211 within buffer memory 2 and is set when a broadcast results in a hit within cache 200. Control unit data register 94 provides a means for receiving the data from the buffer memory 2 over bus 3. Both the broadcast hit latch 92 and the control unit data register 94 are connected to main memory 9 by bus 8. Data output register 96 is used to receive data from main memory over bus 8 and is connected to processor 1 over bus 3.
OPERATION The operation of the present invention will now be described. Referring to H0. 2 a processor request is received by processor address register 203 over bus 202 containing the address and operation desired. The contents of register 203 are simultaneously gated into cache 200 and directory 204. The block ID 30 of the data block is read out of the directory 204 along with the validity bit 34 and the modified bit 31 into directory output register 205. The block ID 30 is compared with the requested address in decoder 211 to determine whether or not the data to be fetched is resident in the cache 200. If the data is resident in the cache, based upon the comparison performed within decoder 211, and is valid, based upon the state of validity bit 34, it will be gated to processor 1 regardless of whether it has been previously modified. That is, the data which has previously been gated to cache output register 201 simultaneously with the search of directory 204 will be gated over bus 3 to processor 1.
If the requested data is not located in cache 200 a fetch request for the desired data must be issued to the control unit 6. This is accomplished by gating the contents of processor address register 203 over bus 3 to register 61 of P16. 4. The control unit 6 decodes the information in address decoder 60 to determine the main memory operation that is desired. The address is then checked in memory busy directory 62 to insure that the memory area requested is not busy. The intra-control priority and selection unit 64 next selects the priority of the requests pending and outputs the address and operation of the selected operation into inter-control address register 66. The inter-control address register 66 then outputs the information to all other control units 6 over the inter-control units bus 7 and to the control storage address register 100. The data is also transferred from inter-control address register 66 in each control unit 6 over bus 7 to each inter-control priority unit in each other control unit 6. Priority is then determined among the requests from each control unit 6 by inter-control priority unit 70. All control units 6 perform this operation simultaneously. When the selection has been made the control unit 6 which originated the selected request gates the contents of its inter-control address register 66 into its control address register 72. Simultaneously the other two control units 6 gate over the inter-control unit bus 7 the contents of the selected inter-control address register 66. At the completion of the selection function then, the contents of all three control address registers 72 correspond to their respective control units 6 are identical for the purpose of determining the need for broadcasting to the processor 1 associated with each control unit 6. Simultaneously with this operation, the contents of the selected intercontrol address register 66 is gated into its respective control storage address register 100 to become available for transmission to memory.
Concurrent with the transfer of the data from the.
control storage address register 100 over bus 8 to initiate the main storage operation, the data within control address register 72 is compared with the setting within configuration control register 90 in comparator 91 to determine whether the selected address might be resident in the buffer memory 2 associated with each control unit 6. lf a match is found, the contents of the control address register 72 are broadcast to the processor 1 for which there is a match over bus 3. It should be emphasized that this broadcasting activity is being ac complished by all control units other than the control unit 6 whose processor I initially instituted the main memory operation.
The address and operation information is received by the buffer memory 2 over bus 3 into broadcast address register 206. The contents of register 206 are then simultaneously input into the cache 200 and directory 204. The output of directory 204 which appears in directory output register 205 is compared in decoder 21 1 with the contents of broadcast address register 206 to determine the status of the requested address. When there is a hit in the buffer memory 2, that is, the desired data is found to exist within the buffer memory 2 a determination must be made by decoder 211 as to what action should be taken. This will depend both on the validity of the data, whether it has been modified and the type of operation that is desired. Associated with the broadcast data are control bits identifying the original operation as a store or a fetch. Where the directory search indicates that there is no address match no action is required by the decoder 211. Where there is a match between the directory contents and the requested address, and the data within the cache 200 is indicated by modification bit 31 to have not been modified, two possibilities exist. If the operation broadcast is a store operation it will be necessary to invalidate the data within cache 200. This is accomplished by invalidating validity bit 34. If a broadcast operation, however, is a fetch operation it will be required to take no action on the data within cache 200.
If the comparison between the directory data and the broadcast data indicates that there is a match and that the data within cache 200 has been modified it will be necessary to invalidate the entry within directory 204 for this data and to send the data to the requesting processor.
These steps are necessary to insure that only one copy of modified data can possibly exist outside of main memory.
Assuming that a hit does occur within a buffer memory 2 and the data is to be sent to the requesting processor the following would occur. The decoder 211 would gate a signal to control unit 6 over bus 3. More specifically, it would gate a signal to broadcast hit latch 92. Concurrent with this signal it would gate the requested data out of cache output register 201 over bus 3 to con trol unit data register 94 in control unit 6.
The above described broadcast activity to the processors 1 has been accomplished while the main memory has been initiating a read cycle for the data. For the purpose of describing the embodiment of this invention, the main memory 9 is a destructive readout type which will require a read cycle followed by a write cycle in order to reinsert the data that was destroyed during the previous read cycle. When main memory 9 senses that the broadcast hit latch 92 has been set within a control unit 6 it converts its operation into a storage cycle. That is, when main memory 9 detects that a broadcast hit 92 has been set it brings up a memory store cycle and gates the data contained in control unit data in register 94, for the control unit whose broadcast hit latch has been set, into main memory over bus 8. Main memory 9 then stores this data into the requested main memory address location while simultaneously transmitting the same data over bus 8 to the data out register 96 of the control unit 6 that originally requested the data. In this manner, the data received by the requesting control unit appears to be the data which would normally have been obtained from normal memory fetch. The control unit 6 then transmits the contents of its data out register 96 to its processor 1 over data bus 3 to complete the operation.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A memory control system in a data processing system with a main memory and a plurality of data processors, each processor having the capability to modify data, and including its own buffer memory unit in which to retain data comprising:
system control means;
circuit means associated with said control means for selectively connecting said main memory to each of said plurality of data processors;
first means within said control means for initiating a query on behalf of a requesting data processor regarding the availability of requested data in said mam memory;
second means within said control means for initiating a second query regarding the availability of a modifled version of the requested data within any one of the aforesaid buffer memory units;
validation means within said buffer memory unit for indicating, in response to the second query, the one of the aforesaid buffer memory units containing the modified version of data;
third means within said control means for initiating a data retrieval from said main memory to the requesting data processor concurrent with the second query to each of the aforesaid buffer memory units;
means within said control means for detecting the state of said validation means;
means controlled by said detecting means for interrupting the initiated main memory data retrieval fetch function said initiating a main memory data store function when the state of said validation means indicates that one of the aforesaid buffer memory units contains the modified version of data; and
means operable concurrently with said interruption means for transmitting the modified version of data from the buffer memory unit so containing the modified version of data to the buffer memory unit of the requesting processor and simultaneously therewith to said main memory.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of data processors includes at least an input/output channel and a uniprocessor.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said data processors are a plurality of processors within a multiprocessing computer system.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said second means initiates said query to all buffer memory units other than to the buffer memory unit of said requesting processor.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said second means initiates said query to buffer memory units consequent upon the unavailability of said requested data in a valid form in the buffer memory unit of said requesting data processor.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said validation means comprises a validity bit stored in a directory associated with each portion of said data in each of said buffer memories to indicate whether the data is valid.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said validation means further comprises a modified bit stored in a directory associated with each portion of said data in each of said buffer memories to indicate whether the data has been modified by said data processor.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said control means comprises a plurality of control units each connected to a data processor, the main memory and the other control units associated with other data processors.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said control unit associated with said requesting data processor operates simultaneously with the operation of the other control units when broadcasting its requesting data and initiates said data retrieval from main memory.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said control unit associated with said buffer memory, wherein a modified version of data was indicated, further contains means to control said conversion of said data retrieval to a data storage of said modified data into main memory and means to transmit said modified data to the requesting processor.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising means to query only the requesting data processor when a store operation is desired to main memory from said requesting data processors buffer memory.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising means within said control units to determine whether the requested data is located in its associated buffer memory.
13. A method of obtaining data in a data processing system which contains multiple users each with its own buffer memory unit comprising the steps of:
l. Requesting the data from main memory when not available in a requesting processors own buffer memory,
2. Initiating a read cycle of main memory for said requested data,
3. Querying processors buffer memorys for a moditied version of requested data concurrent with said initiation of a read cycle,
4. Detecting a modified version of data in one of said buffer memorys.
5. Converting said read cycle to a write cycle when modified data is discovered as a result of said 6. Writing said modified data into main memory.
7. Transmitting said modified data to said requesting processor concurrently with said writing.
I i i
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Open Street Maps: User Beware
View Single Post
Slow Corners
Joined: Jan 2013
Location: Cape Town, South Africa
Oddometer: 7
A latent response, as an openstreetmap contributor. It is all based on community, remember that anyone can contribute, and some even go so far as to organise parties and events, or take it on as a hobby to go record power line, railroad or other routes. I have been known to add speedbumps to the maps 5 hours after they were completed, or remove phone booths the moment i see Telkom taking one down. I cannot vouch for routing, and I don't rely on it. I use my mind, and planning, solid planning. Maps are auxilliary to my trips, and in 90% of cases, OSM has more updated, latest data than google maps (especially with new offramps and stuff here in cape town).
Rely on yourself, and preperation, and secondarily on electronics/maps. Also tread sensitively when the possibility exists of bringing down something a lot of us are working hard at, in our time and on our own costs.
Disclaimer: Written in a friendly mood.
View Public Profile
Visit MarlonXR's homepage!
Find More Posts by MarlonXR


text:
JUST A MILLIMETRE AWAY from you, there could be another universe. You can't see it, smell it or reach out and touch it. You could only get to it by travelling in a direction that is forbidden. Because we are all prisoners, trapped in a nether dimension that physicists call the braneworld.
If they are to be believed, there's far more to our Universe than meets the eye, or even the most powerful telescopes. According to their theories, the familiar three dimensions that contain all the stars and galaxies we see could actually be a membranea brane for shortfloating in a space of five, six or more dimensions, like a soap bubble in the bathroom. There could be other branes out there in the higher dimensions, other universes that we can never see.
But that doesn't mean we are unaffected by the exotic regions mapped out in these extra dimensions. ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text:
MC Granite Countertops Nashville
(615) 457-4000
500 Davidson St.
Nashville, TN 37213
Mc Granite countertops warehouse of Nahsville offers you one of the best prices on granite in the state of Tennesee, our granite countertops specialists will deliver high quality at low prices. Call MC Granite Countertops in Nashville today and experience the difference. MC Granite Countertops is your one stop granite shop where you will find quality, honesty, low prices, daily granite specials and always on time. Stop by our granite countertop warehouse in Nashville and pick out your ideal granite countertops today! Serving granite countertops in Nashville, and the entire Tennesee area, we will be more than happy to hear from you!MC Granite Countertops Warehouse also offers repair services on sinks, cook-tops, granite, marble and other solid surfaces.
In addition, MC Granite Countertops Warehouse can also help you keep your granite and marble countertops
in optimum condition with our restoration and re-sealing services.
Did you know?
MC Granite Countertops Warehouse saves you the inconvenience by removing your
old countertops and installing your new granite countertops all in the same day!
We do our own fabrication and installation!
Visit us at our Warehouse
500 Davidson St.
Nashville, TN 37213
OPEN Monday to Saturday
We accept the following Credit Cards:
Call today: 615-457-4000 or Visit us
We are open MON- SAT.
What our Customers are saying about US
by melindaleix 09/13/2011
Carl & Melinda Leix, McDonough, GA
We had new granite counter tops installed today by MC Granite. Great company to do business with; Luciano is very professional, explains everything to be done, affordable, and excellent and neat installation job done by Pablo and Cesar. My new kitchen is beautiful with the uba tuba granite counters. Highly recommend this company to anyone interested in granite. The job was done ahead of schedule due to a cancellation. Thanks so much...........
by Tony and Dale 07/11/2011
Great Job!!!!
We made an appointment and met with Luciano the same day. Got a good deal on Yuba Tuba granite for our kitchen counters. The prices and quality was the best and attention to installation was extraordinary. My counters look fantabulous!!!!
Nancy - Jun 16, 2011
We had a great experience with MC Granite. I had met w/ Luciano, picked out granite and had it installed in our kitchen w/in a week. The service was excellent. The price was so good that we decided to have our tile backsplash done also. Would highly recommend!
Craig - May 8, 2011
I don't know how they do it at this price! Luciano and MC Granite Countertops Warehouse has installed 2 countertop orders for me (one at home, one at business) and the price, service, and quality is unmatched.
by Rosa and Jim 03/09/2011
Luciano and his crew were professional, courteous and on time! From the time we contacted MC Granite Countertops Warehouse to the completion of our granite countertops and backsplash installation was less than a week. Luciano made our kitchen remodel a easy process. We love our new kitchen! We would definitely recommend Atlanta Granite Warehouse to anyone!!!!!
Tracie - Dec 8, 2010
Luciano provided quick, professional installation and was easily accessible throughout the entire process. We had countertops and a backsplash installed and he personally picked up the phone every time I called with a question. The granite looks GREAT. From the initial consultation to installation, we had our kitchen done within 10 days. His staff is reliable and did what they said they would do. I would recommend anyone looking to update their kitchen to give Luciano a call. You won't be disappointed!
by The Grays' 08/31/2010
We would strongly recommend MC Granite Countertops Warehouse to anyone!!!! They have the best quality and best prices! In addition, they did an awesome job.
by Julia 08/30/2010
I'm amazed with my kitchen new look. Love the end result. I highly recommend Atlanta Granite Warehouse, a very proffesional team, neat and excellent job.
by Steve and Lisa 08/16/2010
What a super job!!!!! Luciano and his workmen were soooo fabulous. The countertops look incredible and they did the work in less than a day. I definitely recommend them!!!!!!!
by Flavia Fraga 07/20/2010
MC countertop came to my house and did a great job which me and my husband are very pleased. I would recommended to anybody who wants to install granite in their houses and have a beautiful makeover. Thank you and well done guys
Marsha & Buddy
A great granite company and team ! We used Luciano and his crew to install granite in the master and guest bathrooms (a total of 3 countertops and sinks). Their prices were the best and their work and attentiveness could not be beat. They also removed and installed a new tile floor in the Master bath. Other small projects included removing the old mirrors, patching the walls, redoing the trim on a linen cabinet, etc. Luciano and his team are intent on satisfying the customer and they couldn't have been easier to deal with. We highly recommend them !!