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Dr. Scientist Tremolessence - Blue GeoThe Dr. Scientist Tremolessence offers a versatile platform for tons of tremolo sounds. With silent true bypass switching and a unique Hold function, the Dr. Scientist Tremolessence brings the future of tremolo to the now.$250.00
Dr. Scientist The Elements - SchematicThe Elements is a distortion/fuzz pedal from Ryan at Dr. Scientist. This versatile creator of clipping features 3 clipping options, a second gain stage, and active tone shaping for a powerful and versatile pedal that will be a must on your board$225.00
Dr. Scientist Mini-Reverberator Silver LaserThe Dr. Scientist Mini Reverberator is a small footprint reverb pedal that offers 9 different reverb types in one little box. Using a heretofore unknown dimensional technology, the Dr. Scientist Mini Reverberator fits rooms, halls, and plates all into one durable little box.$225.00
Dr. Scientist Frazz Dazzler - Green DotsThe Dr. Scientist Frazz Dazzler is a powerful alien weapon technology stolen from a race of robots. Just so happens that the Dr. Scientist Frazz Dazzler is also an incredibly cool fuzz pedal with intense musical tonal destruction.$200.00
Dr. Scientist BitQuestThe Dr. Scientist BitQuest is an astoundingly full-featured multi effect in an incredibly tidy 125B package. There are eight onboard effects, each with Clean and Dirty modes, and each patch contains some seriously powerful controls that make the BitQuest a joy to play.$265.00


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Case-hardened 14 tooth steel sprocket for F650. Fits F650GS (single), G650GS, and Dakar, Funduro and Pegaso. The F650GS is originally supplied with 16T. This 14T reduces the ratio by 12.5%, making the bike easier to ride in off-road situations without much detriment to highway performance. We like this 14T sprocket of the F650GS for our Northwest forest roads.One of the easiest performance adjustments you can do - just exchange the sprocket, re-adjust the chain tension and ride!
Works with stock chain w/out modifications.
Reduces F650GS final drive ratio by 12.5%.
Reduces G650Xchallenge final drive ratio by 6.6%, a nice improvement for off-road ability.
No instructions are currently available for this product.
Yes, reducing the gear ratio on the G650 XChallenge makes it much more friendly to riding off road. These sprockets, made by Driveline Systems, do not fit the countershaft properly, as there is too much slop in the splines in the sprocket. The hardened splines in the sprocket will damage the countershaft splines on the bike. Replacing the countershaft requires splitting the cases of your motor to replace the countershaft. Stick with using the 49 tooth rear sprocket to reduce the gearing of the G650 XChallenge.
By Tim Barstow on Jan 15, 2012 at 11:01:33 AM

subset: commoncrawl


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About Artemis
Artemis is a fresh, minimalist portfolio/blog template with a twist! Utilizing tons of jQuery plugins, it features fluid animations, ajax page loading, ajax contact form, and much more!
Main Features
- Light and dark skin
- Tons of fluid animation
- Horizontally AND verically responsive!
- Preloader
- PSD files included
- Ajax loading and contact form
- Custom Font
- Tipsy tooltips
- Full Documentation
- PrettyPhoto integration
- Scrollable integration
- mCustomScrollbar integration
- Many custom jQuery scripts
- xHTML 1.0 Strict valid
- Easy to edit and customize
- jQuery — The Do more, write less library; absolutely essential.
- jQueryUI — A jQuery user interface plugin.
- mouseWheel — jQuery plugin that enables mouse wheel support for all browsers.
- Tipsy — Very useful and lightweight tooltip jQuery plugin.
- jQuery Tools — A set of tools based on the jQuery library.
- jQuery Easing — Adds extra easing options to jQuery.
- mCustomScrollbar — Custom vertical and horizontal scrollbars.
- gMap — A jQuery plugin for easier Google Maps implementation.
- prettyPhoto — Lightbox-like jQuery plugin for galleries.
- Animate Background plugin — Fantastic plugin for background animation.
- Animate shadow plugin — An amazing jQuery plugin for shadow animation.
- tipsy.css — The bundled Tipsy CSS for proper display.
- scrollable.css — The bundled Scrollable CSS for proper display.
- reset.css — Yahoo reset CSS file for universal appearance.
- prettyPhoto.css — The bundled prettPhoto CSS for proper display.
- jquery.mCustomScrollbar.css — The bundled mCustomScrollbar CSS for proper display.
- skeleton.css — The fantastic Skeleton grid layout this theme is based on.
- Iconfinder — Used some royalty-free icons – cookie, cat, etc.
- Subtle Patterns — Tons of Photoshop patterns for all designing needs.
- Eleni Onasoglou Portrait — An amazing portrait from my amazing cousin, who allowed me to use this in the preview (NOT included in the download file).
- Social Media Sleek Icons: Icon Pack — A modern, web2.0 social media icon pack.
- Iconic icon pack — Tons of minimal and clean icons.
- Clear icon set — A lot of minimal and clean icons.
- Optimus Princeps — Logo text font.
- Bebas Neue — Headers text font.
PHP files
- phpMailer — Very powerful PHP mailing plugin.
Special ThanksSpecial thanks to Duško Bilakovi!!!
Added version 1.3
- Added support for inner linking between pages - Inner pages are properly indexed by search egines and crawlers - Small stability issues
Added version 1.2
- Changed scroll bar plugin, much better and dynamic - Code cleanup and stability fixes - Smoother animations
Added version 1.1
- Added dark and white skin - Stability and performance improvements - Fixed a bug where contents would sometimes NOT load appropriately (please update to 1.1 or contact me via my profile page to apply a patch)


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Costa Rica isn't afraid to take her own path. While other countries in Central America were busy fighting, Costa Rica remained without a military. While other countries around the world destroyed their natural habitat, Costa Rica set aside more than 25% of its land for protection. Costa Rica's unique choices are your gain. The country is a delight to visit.
Politically stable, easy to get around, and geographically beautiful, Costa Rica is a popular vacation spot these days. The main attraction is its geography. From lush rainforests to beautiful beaches to pretty mountains to raging rivers, Costa Rica is a veritable playground for those who enjoy the outdoors. In fact, while they country has only .1% of the world's landmass, it also has 5% of the world's biodiversity. If you visit you are bound to see animals that you have never seen before.
What to do
The popularity of Costa Rica's Eco Tourism – as well as the number of expats who have bought property there – has made it more expensive to travel to than it once was. Still, you can visit the country and travel relatively cheaply if you do a bit of research ahead of time.
The capital of San Jose is a nice enough city, but not nice enough to want to stay there more than a day or so. Most people either head straight to one of Costa Rica's fine beach areas, or to the jungles. There are good beaches on both coasts and good surfing on the Pacific. Jaco Beach is a popular destination for surf bums, and the areas in the northwest of the country are great for package vacations at holiday resorts.
Even near the beach areas you can see wildlife and do jungle activities. Zip-lining is huge in Costa Rica, and other forms of canopy tours are available in places as well. The many national parks make the country extremely popular among nature lovers.
Getting there
Flying to Costa Rica usually means flying to the capital San Jose. You can also sometimes catch a deal on flights to Liberia. To search for the best deal on flights to either city, check out the Costa Rica Airfare finder.
Where to stay
Where does one stay in Costa Rica? There are plenty of choices. There's everything from simple hostels to hotels that will blow you away. You can search for both hostels and hotels to get a better idea of what things are like.
You might also consider checking out our friends at Costa Rica Travel & Vacations for more information about traveling to Costa Rica.


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Retail sales below expectations in May
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Retail sales below expectations in May
June 13, 2014 – May retail sales numbers were lower than expected, despite increasing by 0.3 percent since April,
to NAFCU Senior Economist Curt Long.
Long analyzed data from the Census Bureau for a NAFCU
Macro Data Flash
. Long said the relatively small amount of growth was "balanced against the sizable upward revisions to the April estimate. Overall, retail sales continue to show solid year-over-year gains." April's numbers were revised upward to an increase of 0.5 percent; May's year-over-year retail sales growth was 4.2 percent.
Long also said that "monthly gains were led by strong vehicle sales as Memorial Day weekend incentives helped lure buyers." Motor vehicle stores saw the biggest increase in May with 1.4 percent growth, followed by non-store retailers at 0.6 percent and furniture and home furnishings stores at 0.5 percent. General merchandisers and clothing and accessories stores saw sales decreases of 0.6 percent each.
Core retail sales, excluding light vehicles and gasoline, did not measurably change in May, while auto and gas sales increased by 1 percent.
Related Links
NAFCU Macro Data Flash
Matz: Reputation risk alone won't drive enforcement
Long talks capital reform, membership growth


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I'm feeling the economic pinch big-time these days (like just about everyone else I know) and I am tightening my belt, trying to make every dollar stretch as far as possible. In addition to cutting back on frivolous, whimsical, and non-essential spending, I'm also doing a lot of things around the house and garage myself rather than farming them out, and you can, too. One of the ways to save yourself some significant bucks is to do routine maintenance chores on your Corvette yourself, like flushing the cooling system, rotating the tires (if applicable) and changing your own oil.
At first blush, changing the oil in a C5 or C6 sounds like a no-brainer, right? And yet, it is surprising how many people don't do it correctly, and only wind up with a partial oil change when doing it themselves. The reasons for this are 1) on C5s, the oil drain plug is located at the front of the oil pan rather than at the rear, and on C6s it's next to the oil filter, so jacking up the front of the car prevents all of the oil from draining and 2) the "bat wing" configuration of the C5 oil pan itself traps and holds oil, so it takes a considerable amount of time (about 10-15 minutes) for all the oil to drain completely; most folks don't give adequate drain time, so up to a quart of old oil can remain in the engine.
There are several reasons to change your own oil, such as: You can use the brand of oil and filter you prefer, rather than being forced to use what the dealership or service shop is pushing that day.
You can shop around for the best price on the oil and filter at different auto parts stores and/or Walmart, K-Mart, Price Club, etc. to get the best value for your dollar. And, if you purchase the 5- or 10-quart containers rather than individual quart bottles, you can save even more money.
You're the one doing the work, so you're in charge of quality control all the way through; many shops and dealerships don't let the customers in the service area, so you can't see what's being done;
You can take your time, which is important for draining as much of the old oil out of your engine as possible; I let my C5 drain for a full 15 minutes before replacing the drain plug, filter, and refilling. Time is money to dealerships and shops, so the faster they can get you and your car in and out, the more profitable each customer becomes. Rest assured, they won't let your C5/C6 drain for a quarter of an hour or more!
There's a lot of satisfaction in doing your own work, and most people who do so find that they enjoy their Corvettes even more; it's almost a Zen thing wherein you "become one with the machine."
So there you go. And as far as equipment goes, doing a few oil changes and other routine maintenance can quickly amortize the cost of a good hydraulic trolley jack, two pair of jackstands, and any other miscellaneous tools or equipment you may acquire along the way. I always consider tools and equipment as investments that pay me dividends each and every time I use them.
One other thing I should mention here is oil capacity; be sure to consult your C5 or C6 owner's manual for engine oil capacity. I use six quarts in my '98 C5, and this brings the dipstick level up to the mid-point on the hash marks, even though the manual says 5.5 quarts (in reality, it's 6.5 quarts); remember that the filter will hold about a half-quart, so I believe that accounts for the extra oil.
A question I've been asked frequently over the years is, "How often should I change the oil in my C5/C6?" There are many ways to answer this question, but I suspect that no single answer will satiate everyone. Many folks go with the traditional "change the oil and filter every 3,000 miles whether it needs it or not" philosophy, while other folks wait for the DIC (Driver Information Center) to tell them it's time for an oil change. If you abide by what the DIC tells you, it's a good idea to change the oil and filter between 25 and 10 percent, rather than letting it go to 5 percent or less oil life remaining. The reason for this is that GM's algorithm for the DIC to determine how fast the oil life reading changes from 100 to 0 percent, but, while pretty sophisticated, doesn't account for dust and other contaminants that may steal additional lubricity from the oil. So, to be on the safe side, don't push the oil life envelope. Several manufacturers of synthetic oils make claims (some hard to believe) that you can go 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 miles, or even more before changing the oil. Well, not my C5. I change my oil and filter at 5,000 miles. Regardless of what brand of oil you use, never let your oil go past 10,000 miles before changing it or you're really asking for trouble.


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July 22, 2013
Links: Australian Glass and the Pacific Northwest at Museum of Glass
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The Shape of Things by Neil Labute at Dukesbay Theater
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"A Royal Affair" is an 18th century historical drama and epic romance about the love triangle between a German doctor, the queen of Denmark, and her deranged king.
Rated R for sexual content and some violent images.
Visit the official site
Cast: Mads Mikkelsen, Trine Dyrholm, David Dencik, Alicia Vikander, William Jøhnk Nielsen
Produced by:
Directed by: Nikolaj Arcel
Written by: Lars von Trier
Running time: 2hr 13min
Opens: Nov 09, 2012 Limited


text:
The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
On Sun, Aug 17, 2003 at 05:01:30AM -0700, Ryan Castellucci wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 11, 2003 at 01:42:08PM -0700, Ryan Castellucci wrote:
> > OK, guys, here's the scoop... Somebody 0wned my system at
> > work, running debian testing. Installed this lovely password
> > logger, and snagged my password when I used SCPed a file.
> > I found a log file at /usr/lib/mem/mem
> >
> > Bastards....
> Well, looks like someone installed the same rootkit on cal.net's
> shell on or about april 24...
> There's a rather large /usr/lib/mem/mem file on there, and I may
> have ssh'd into zaphod from cal.net's shell server, and this
> jackass got in from there. I am very, very irritated.
Yup... I just looked at my .ssh/known_hosts
So this is largely cal.net's fault.
$DEITY, I hate script kiddies.
vox mailing list
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"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


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Wednesday, July 8
There are no openings scheduled for this date.
Cameron Art Museum
3201 South 17th Street / +19103955999 / cameronartmuseum.comTue - Wed 11am to 5pm, Thu 11am to 9pm, Fri - Sun 11am to 5pm
To access myguide, you must log in.
If you are not a member of artforum.com you must register.


text:
Latest update : 2011-12-22
Our Focus programme brings you exclusive reports from around the world. From Monday to Friday at 7.45 am Paris time.
2015-07-01 Israel
Golan Heights' Druze minority urges action across border in Syria
A nightmare scenario is unfolding before the eyes of the Golan Heights' Druze community. Just across the border, in Syria, Islamists from the al-Nusra front are advancing towards...
2015-06-30 Turkey
Bodrum, an illegal gateway into Europe
The Turkish seaside resort of Bodrum is located on the Aegean coast, just 10 kilometres from the Greek island of Kos. It's become one of the most popular illegal gateways into...
2015-06-29 environment
Chimpanzees suffer collateral damage from increased poaching
In Uganda's Kibale National Park, a French team from the National Museum of Natural History is studying primates. But its remit also extends to protection, as the endangered...
2015-06-26 Ukraine
Ukraine: Kiev threatens total blockade of separatist-held areas
The ceasefire in eastern Ukraine is still nominally in place but it's breached on a daily basis. Kiev blames the violations on the Russian and Russian-backed forces who have...
2015-06-25 Belgium
Belgium mulls how to 'de-radicalise' returning jihadists
Belgium is the European country with the highest number of citizens leaving for Syria and Iraq to fight jihad, proportionally to its population. Fear over new attacks at home has...


text:
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In a sea of Ford, Chevy and Ram trucks, the Nissan Titan pickup may be difficult to spot, but it should not be overlooked
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Nissan used its tear-jerking Super Bowl ad to unveil an all-new version of its Maxima sedan.
2013 Nissan Altima: Used Car Review
The all-new 2013 Nissan Altima is longer, wider and roomier with Infiniti design cues and a fuel-saving continuously variable transmission.


text: I need to come up with a better backup solution at my home and was wondering what everyone uses and/or suggests and why. I am open to everything from purchased solutions to complex Linux server solutions, and I have a network capable of Link Aggregation. Ohh and my home is all PC so Time Machine is not an option for me.


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North America
North America
Recent Activity
The conference offered law and policy analysis and discussion on cutting-edge immigration issues. Featured panelists included high-ranking government officials, academics, advocates, and other immigration experts.
Doris Meissner, Director of the U.S. Immigration Policy Program at MPI, offers her knowledge and expertise regarding border security in this testimony before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee.
This discussion focuses on the MPI report, "Executive Action on Immigration: Six Ways to Make the System Work Better," which outlines administrative actions that can be implemented to improve the immigration system.
287(g) programs have surged into the public consciousness in recent years. Now operating in 72 jurisdictions, the 287(g) program authorizes state and local law enforcement officers to screen people for immigration status, issue detainers to hold unauthorized immigrants on immigration violations, and begin the process of their removal from the United States.
In a report by MPI's Labor Markets Initiative, noted economist and Georgetown University Public Policy Institute Professor Harry J. Holzer examines the economic reasoning and research on these questions and looks at the policy options that shape the impact of less-skilled immigration on the economy. The discussion is on what policy reform would best serve native-born American workers, consumers, and employers, as well as the overall U.S. economy.
A discussion with Rosario Farmhouse, Alejandro Mayorkas, Jasenko Selimovic, Peter Sylvester, and Demetrios G. Papademetriou, MPI President.
This MPI webinar features U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) officials discussing the department's efforts to improve communications with Limited English Proficient (LEP) communities in federal and federally-funded programs and activities.
The Migration Policy Institute celebrated its first decade as the authoritative, unimpeachable resource on immigration and immigrant integration analysis and policy design in the United States and internationally.
A discussion on the gains that young adult immigrants or the U.S.-born children of immigrants have made in education and employment, with speakers: Michael Fix, Jeanne Batalova, Andrew P. Kelly, Raul Gonzalez, and Margie McHugh.
This is the latest in NCIIP's language access webinar series exploring the policy and program implementation imperatives for government and community agencies serving Limited English Proficient (LEP) populations.


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One of the the newest addition to our catalog. Terry Cloth Pajamas. These soft PJ's feature snap button front closure, feeties. Made of a a soft and light terry cloth material that will keep you warm and comfortable no matter what you are doing. Try one today. LIMITED EDITIONS!
THIS IS A FINAL SALE. NO EXCHANGE / RETURNS or Warranty. Promo codes do not apply to this item.
All Jumpin Jammerz adult footed pajamas are made to fit loose and comfy. Our adult onesie pajamas are breathable, fun, ultra soft and sure to keep you warm at night, just like the nostalgic footies you loved from childhood. Zip up & snuggle up with our "Fit Right Guarantee". Please review our Size Chart and order your Jammerz tonight.one
Jumpin Jammerz IS footed pajamas since 1998. Review our size chart and choose your height, and select the range of your approximate weight. Please keep in mind that if you are size "Medium" in regular pajamas you might be a size "Small" in Jumpin Jammerz Footed Pajamas. Our unisex design ensures both men and women can comfortably fit into many different styles. If you still have questions about sizing, please call customer service and we will be happy to assist you!
Jumpin Jammerz uses 3 types of fabrics in our adult footed pajamas:
Polar Fleece: Ultra soft with a smooth hand finish, durable, cozy and 100% polyester material. This fabric is used on many of our products: Hooded Footed, Costume onesie pajamas and Chenille footed pajamas.
Jersey: This breathable fabric is 100 % cotton, heavier knit, high quality with a superior hand finish, feels just like your favorite hoodie. This versatile fabric is warm in the winter and cool in the summer. You can find our high quality jersey knit fabric on all of our one piece sports utility Street Jammerz.
Cotton: We also have 100% cotton footed pajamas as well. This fabric option is lighter and great for people who enjoy a lightweight and cool fabric. Jammerz recommends you always wash your adult onesie pajama in cold water to avoid shrinkage, color fading or color bleeding! Use a low temperature to dry your pajamas. Hang drying your adult onesie is also a great way to keep your Adult Onesie pajamas lasting year after year!
It's all about the details! and Jumpin Jammerz adult footed pajamas stand out from all the rest. Our full zipper front enclosure to the hoodie, logo zipper pulls and matching draw strings, super cute butt flap and thumbs holes. Jumpin Jammerz has taken comfort to a whole new level. Comfort and style go hand in hand in the production process, with our unique logo zipper pull, kangaroo pockets, ultra soft fabric and contrasting stitching. We have also designed our feet to be extra comfortable. Jumpin Jammerz have added a double layer of material on the inside to make them extra soft to walk on. No need for rubberized soles, that can collect germs and dust. After thorough research and attention to the design we have master our skill to create a comfortable foot sole that does not cause slipping, unless you want to re-enact a scene from "Risky Business" one Saturday morning. Also, Jumpin Jammerz has always offered the classic trap door / butt flap option on some of our adult footed pajamas . The butt flap feature adds an extra element of fun and excitement along with practical functionality of whenever you need to use the restroom but decide to keep warm or stay covered up. Our drop seat adult onesie pajamas are awesome for anyone who literally wants to live in pajamas all day.
These Red, White and Blue All American Footed Pajamas are made from 100% polar fleece. Soft, comfortable and patrotic striped adult onesies by Jumpin Jammerz. Featuring Hoodie, Front pocted and full front zipper enclosure. These are unisex pajamas perfect for the entire family.
Check out our super cute Blue Lollipop printed adult Footed pajamas. These blue footed onesies are made from 100% polar fleece and feature a hoodie, thumb holes and logo printed draw string for added kick. Order these adult footed pajamas today.
What was more fun than playing video games as a kid? Being in your onesie pajamas all day long. Now you can do that. These fun one piece hooded footie PJ's feature a hoodie, thumb holes and front pockets. Try to beat all the levels, again!!! Order your jammerz onesies for adults now! More adult hooded footie pajama onesies.


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You have 0 items in your cart.Continue shopping
The most popular & affordable choice is a counter top microwave. Since it can take up a lot of counter space decide how much you can spare before buying.
Over-the-range microwaves fit over your stove & have a hood built into the base - a counter space saving design. They cost more & may need an electrician to install.
If remodeling, a built-in microwave can be installed in custom cabinets. They have unfinished sides, but due to being less popular, they are costlier.
For reheating foods, a smaller oven works; meals need a full-size model. The interior is measured in cubic feet & more watts means faster cooking.


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In June, the annual 24 Hours of Le Mans spectacular once again welcomed the Corvette Racing team with open arms. The French people have a special love for the bright-yellow Corvettes, and the C6.R crew members, for their part, love soaking up the adulation from the many thousands of enthusiastic fans.
The 2007 edition of the La Sarthe race promised an epic struggle in the GT1 class, where no fewer than 15 cars were set to compete. The scheduled entries included six Aston Martin DBR9s, five Corvettes (the two factory Vettes, plus two ex-factory C6.Rs and a C5-R), two Oreca Saleens, a Ferrari 550, and Lamborghini Murcielago.
Race week once again kicked off with a tech inspection held in quaint downtown Le Mans. The factory C6.R team, clad this year in Corvette-motif Hawaiian shirts, is a perennial fan favorite at the event. The crew really gets into the festival atmosphere, going so far as to offer young race fans a chance to sit in the driver's seat of one of the awesome C6.Rs. As always, the faces of the children burst with excitement as they were hoisted into the business section of the race car. For a seven-year-old, it is hard to imagine a greater thrill.
With tech-in and a full day of race prep behind them, the Corvette team was ready for evening and night qualifying on Wednesday and Thursday. For 2007, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) made a significant change aimed at improving the famous French circuit. The tight Tetre Rouge corner, which leads onto the Mulsanne straight, was altered. Previously, entry and transition through the turn was on bumpy and uneven pavement, which upset the car and forced a difficult exit onto one of the most important parts of the track.
This year's alteration involved rounding out the corner itself and providing 3-degree on-camber banking on very smooth pavement. The change shortened the length of a lap by 21 meters, or just under 70 feet. The results are a safer ride and potentially faster lap times for the drivers, along with improved sight lines for the spectators. To prevent any nasty surprises, the teams were given a chance to experience the modified track at pre-qualifying, held three weeks before the race itself.
Race-week qualifying has two purposes: to establish grid positions and to certify the drivers-each of whom must complete three laps of the circuit-for the race. This year, the French weather proved capricious, with alternating periods of rain and sun serving up an ever-changing track surface during qualifying. With three different types of rain tires available-in addition to the dry selection-engineers had their hands full deciding which compound would serve up the optimum result.
With the weather so unpredictable, deciding when to send out the drivers became a guessing game for team strategists. But when the forecast called for more of the wet stuff on Thursday and beyond, the crews decided to spend Wednesday's session establishing the best time possible as conditions permitted. This approach worked out well for most, providing enough dry pavement in the late hours to put down some pretty good times.
Given that the ACO had offered the Astons and Saleens significant advantages in air-intake-restrictor size and other critical areas, no one was surprised when a DBR9 and an S7-R qualified first and second, respectively, in GT1. The No. 64 Corvette ended up third, while the No. 63 car took fifth. The GM crew had expected to be mid-pack, so this result actually came as something of a pleasant surprise.
True to the forecast, Thursday's qualifying was filled with rain. Although the session offered no real hope of improving on grid position, the wet conditions did give teams the perfect opportunity to work on their race setups. The day's only drama came when the lone Lamborghini skidded off the course, suffering extensive damage. With only two days until the race, it appeared the GT1 field would be reduced to 14 cars.
Saturday's 3:00 p.m. start was another new wrinkle. The ACO has manipulated the traditional 4:00 p.m. kick-off time in the past few years to accommodate TV coverage of other major events such as World Cup soccer and national elections. Race organizers believe this new, earlier starting time-and resultant earlier finishing time-will result in larger crowds both at the race and watching at home.
The biggest surprise early on was the return of a Lamborghini to the GT1 grid. In typically unpredictable fashion, the ACO had allowed the Lambo team to simply replace its wrecked race car, rather than rebuilding it. But despite this unexpected bit of luck, the Murcielago didn't look to be a factor in GT1.
The Corvette Racing C6.Rs, meanwhile, looked strong from the outset. Jan Magnussen quickly moved up to third in class in the No. 63 car, while Oliver Gavin, in No. 64, was holding strong in fourth. But just as the two Corvettes seemed poised to run up the backs of the leading cars, misfortune struck. All power to the rear wheels of the No. 64 car suddenly disappeared. Gavin, under the direction of Crew Chief Ray Gongla, attempted to diagnose the problem using the car's onboard diagnostic tools.
The final verdict was a failure of the car's carbon-fiber driveshaft-the same problem that had befallen Gavin and company at the St. Petersburg race earlier this season. With one car already out of the running, the Corvette Racing team closely monitored the revs and other engine readouts coming from the No. 63 car. This seemed to work well, as the car fell into lockstep behind the GT1-leading Aston 009 and 007 cars.
Jan Magnussen, now in the lone Corvette Racing entry, did have a close call at around the seven-hour mark. As he entered the Dunlop curves, one of the Audi LMP1 drivers decided to pass him mid-corner. The two cars collided. The Corvette's right-front fender caught the left-rear bodywork of the Audi, sending Magnussen on a wild, 180-mph ride through the gravel traps ahead of the Dunlop bridge.
The Dane did a miraculous job of maintaining speed and direction, literally driving through the rocky obstacle and back onto the course without skipping a beat. While the left rear of the Audi was nearly torn off, forcing the car to pit for bodywork replacement, the Corvette was allowed to complete the race without corrective work.
The weather cleared during the night, and Sunday morning brought near-perfect racing conditions. Shortly after the 16th hour, the 007 Aston came in for an extended pit stop precipitated by suspected transaxle problems. This allowed the No. 63 Corvette to assume second in class. Unfortunately, the leading 009 Aston was posting lap times two to three seconds faster than the Vette, increasing the gap separating the two cars every time it rounded the track.


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I'm currently trying to import a 3D contour file into a Quantum GIS project. My question is, how can I export the DXF file from Microstation with height information? I already have imported it to the Quantum GIS project but can not create a TIN because the height info is missing.
I'm using Quantum GIS Lisboa 1.8.0


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ZANY Steven Hall is urging people to vote for him after he performs in front of millions of TV viewers on Britain's Got Talent tonight.
The 53-year-old telecommunications engineer will represent Cumbria when he takes to the stage for the live semi-final with a new dance routine.
Having taken the nation by storm with his eclectic two-minute act, which saw him perform a dance to The Birdy Song, The Macarena and The Twist, he has become an overnight success.
He has gained more than 1.5 million views on YouTube and more than a thousand fans on his official Facebook site.
So, what has he got lined up for the biggest performances of his life tonight?
"It was said: 'How am I going to follow that?' Because the element of surprise has gone," he said.
"So I have taken what everybody said they would expect me to do next and not done it."
Life has changed for the Burneside Amateur Theatrical Society member since he gained three 'yes' votes from Amanda Holden, Michael McIntyre and David Hasselhoff, and a standing ovation from the Liverpool crowd.
"It was the second best experience of my life, but I can't tell you the first one," he jokes.
"Since then, it has been so busy I haven't had time to think about it.
"I have been to London several times for interviews and rehearsals."
Having performed in theatres across the Lake District, Steven set up Comedy Showtime two years ago, a five-person act that puts on performances across the region.
From this, a 10-minute dance evolved which came to form the basis of his BGT audition.
If Steven is successful tonight, he will make it through to Saturday's live final.
If victorious in the final, he will perform in front of The Queen at The Royal Variety Performance and win £100,000.
"I am nervous and confident about tonight," he said.
"Nervous because Simon Cowell is back on the show and he is held in such anticipation about what he has thought of the acts that have gone through while he's been away.
"But I am confident of my routine. I'm looking forward to it."
A SNOW leopard which featured in a movie starring Daniel Craig and Nicole Kidman is the latest addition to a South Lakeland zoo.
Young male Pavan, one of two leopards who played the part of Stelamaria in The Golden Compass, will be housed in a walk-through enclosure at Lakeland Wildlife Oasis at Hale, near Milnthorpe.
Staff have created a homely feel for their new feline friend with the enclosure designed to look like a Himalayan village with plenty of rocks for him to climb and snooze on.
An acrylic tunnel running through the enclosure will allow visitors to see Pavan in his own habitat in what is thought to be the UK's first walk-through big cat exhibit.
Assistant manager of Lakeland Wildlife Oasis, Caroline Howard, said: "We're really excited about Pavan's arrival - he's a real celebrity cat! His new home is amazing. You can walk right through his territory while he ranges around you - even above your head!"
Pavan has arrived from UK charity the Cat Survival Trust which helps conserve endangered cats.
Once he has settled in his new environment, zoo staff hope to form a breeding pair by adding a female snow leopard to Pavan's enclosure.It is not known how many snow leopards are left in the wild but they are now classed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Lakeland Wildlife Oasis is joining the captive breeding programme which is run by the European Association of Zoos and Aquariums.


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"Charlotte will be the safest large city in America through citizen and local government partnerships."
Current meetings, agendas and summaries
FY2015 Community Safety Focus Area PlanThe City of Charlotte will be the safest large city in America, a community in which citizens feel safe in areas where they live, work and spend their leisure time.Citizens in a safe community have confidence that:
City Council InvolvementWork on this Focus Area is directed by the Community Safety Committee. The committee meets regularly to discuss community safety issues before presenting them to the full City Council for debate and decision. Committee members include:
View the meeting agendas and meeting summaries.Policing StrategyThe City Council supports the Charlotte Mecklenburg Police Department's (CMPD) policing strategy which focuses on crime and disorder at the neighborhood level.
Workforce:One of the ways that police build trust and confidence is through a diverse workforce. CMPD is committed to recruiting strategies that result in a more diverse workforce that is proactive in community engagement and quality customer service.Collaboration:Collaboration and partnerships are critical in making Charlotte the safest large city in America.
Reduce Loss of Life and Property DamageA safe community also requires that the Fire Department play a major role in reducing loss of life and property damage by:
The Fire Department also takes the lead in homeland security preparedness and works with partners around the Charlotte region to ensure that emergency personnel have the training, equipment and strategies to respond effectively to natural or man-made disasters.


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David Hume (26 April 1711 25 August 1776), Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian is an important figure in Western philosophy, and in the history of the Scottish Enlightenment. Together with John Locke, Berkeley, and a handful of others, Hume is one of the principal early philosophers of empiricism.
He first gained recognition and respect as a historian, but academic interest in Hume's work has in recent years centered on his philosophical writing. His History of England was the standard work on English history for many years, until Macaulay's The History of England from the Accession of James the Second.
Hume was the first philosopher of the modern era to produce a naturalistic philosophy. This philosophy partly consisted in rejection of the historically prevalent conception of human minds as being miniature versions of the divine mind. This doctrine was associated with a trust in the powers of human reason and insight into reality, which possessed God's certification. Hume's scepticism came in his rejection of this 'insight ideal', and the (usually rationalistic) confidence derived from it that the world is as we represent it. Instead, the best we can do is to apply the strongest explanatory and empirical principles available to the investigation of human mental phenomena, issuing in a quasi-Newtonian project, Hume's 'Science of Man'.
Hume was heavily influenced by empiricists John Locke and George Berkeley, along with various French-speaking writers such as Pierre Bayle, and various figures on the English-speaking intellectual landscape such as Isaac Newton, Samuel Clarke, Francis Hutcheson, and Joseph Butler.
At the age of eighteen, Hume made a philosophical discovery that opened up to him "a new Scene of Thought," which inspired him "to throw up every other Pleasure or Business to apply entirely to it". He did not recount what this "Scene" was, and commentators have offered a variety of speculations. Due to this inspiration, Hume set out to spend a minimum of ten years reading and writing. He came on the verge of nervous breakdown, after which he decided to have a more active life to better continue his learning.
Although many scholars today consider the Treatise to be Hume's most important work and one of the most important books in western philosophy, the critics in Great Britain at the time did not agree, describing it as "abstract and unintelligible". Despite the disappointment, Hume later wrote, "Being naturally of a cheerful and sanguine temper, I soon recovered from the blow and prosecuted with great ardour my studies in the country". There, he wrote the Abstract. Without revealing his authorship, he aimed to make his larger work more intelligible by shortening it.
After the publication of Essays Moral and Political in 1744, Hume applied for the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. However, the position was given to William Cleghorn, after Edinburgh ministers petitioned the town council not to appoint Hume due to his atheism.
During the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion, Hume tutored the Marquise of Annandale (1720-92), who was officially described as a "lunatic". This engagement ended in disarray after about a year. But it was then that Hume started his great historical work The History of Great Britain, which would take fifteen years and run to over a million words, to be published in six volumes in the period between 1754 and 1762. During this period, he was involved with the Canongate Theatre. In this context, he associated with Lord Monboddo and other Scottish Enlightenment luminaries in Edinburgh. From 1746, Hume served for three years as Secretary to Lieutenant-General St Clair, and wrote Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, later published as An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. The Enquiry proved little more successful than the Treatise.
Hume was charged with heresy, but he was defended by his young clerical friends, who argued that—as an atheist—he was outside the Church's jurisdiction. Despite his acquittal—and possibly due to the opposition of Thomas Reid of Aberdeen, who that year launched a Christian critique of his metaphysics—Hume failed to gain the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Glasgow.
It was after returning to Edinburgh in 1752, as he wrote in My Own Life, that "the Faculty of Advocates chose me their Librarian, an office from which I received little or no emolument, but which gave me the command of a large library. This resource enabled him to continue historical research for The History of Great Britain.
Hume achieved great literary fame as a historian. His enormous The History of Great Britain, tracing events from the Saxon kingdoms to the Glorious Revolution, was a best-seller in its day. In it, Hume presented political man as a creature of habit, with a disposition to submit quietly to established government unless confronted by uncertain circumstances. In his view, only religious difference could deflect men from their everyday lives to think about political matters.
However, Hume's volume of Political Discourses (1752) was the only work he considered successful on first publication.
Hume's early essay Of Superstition and Religion laid the foundations for nearly all subsequent secular thinking about the history of religion. Critics of religion during Hume's time had to express themselves cautiously. Less than 15 years before Hume's birth, an 18-year-old University student named Thomas Aikenhead was tried, convicted, and hanged for blasphemy for saying Christianity was nonsense. Hume followed the common practice of expressing his views obliquely, through characters in dialogues. He did not acknowledge authorship of Treatise until the year of his death, in 1776.
Hume's essays On Suicide, On the Immortality of the Soul, and Dialogues concerning Natural Religion were not published until after his death, and even then bore neither author's nor publisher's name. Hume's atheism caused him to be passed over for many positions.
Hume told his friend, Mure of Caldwell, of an incident that occasioned his conversion to Christianity. Passing across the recently drained Nor' Loch to the New Town of Edinburgh to supervise the masons building his new house, soon to become No. 1 St. David Street, he slipped and fell into the mire. Hume, being then of great bulk, could not regain his feet. Some passing Newhaven fishwives saw his plight but recognised him as the well-known atheist, and refused to rescue him unless he became a Christian and recited The Lord's Prayer and the Creed. This he did, and was rewarded by being set again on his feet by these brawny women. Hume asserted thereafter that Edinburgh fishwives were the "most acute theologians he had ever met".
James Boswell visited Hume a few weeks before his death. Hume told him he sincerely believed it a "most unreasonable fancy" that there might be life after death. This meeting was dramatized in semi-fictional form for the BBC by Michael Ignatieff as Dialogue in the Dark. Hume wrote his own epitaph: "Born 1711, Died [----]. Leaving it to posterity to add the rest." It is engraved with the year of his death 1776 on the "simple Roman tomb" he prescribed, and which stands, as he wished it, on the Eastern slope of the Calton Hill overlooking his home in the New Town of Edinburgh at No. 1 St. David Street.
This section will explore some of Hume's main philosophical ideas. In the introduction to A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume writes "the science of man is the only solid foundation for the other sciences," and that the correct method for this science is "experience and observation"; i.e. the empirical method. Because of this, Hume is broadly characterised as a champion of empiricism. But the form Hume's empiricism takes is contested amongst scholars.
Until quite recently, Hume was seen as a forerunner of the logical positivist movement; a form of anti-metaphysical empiricism. According to the logical positivists, unless a statement could be verified or falsified by experience, or else was true or false by definition (i.e. either tautological or contradictory), then it was meaningless (this is a summary statement of their infamous verification principle). Hume, on this view, was a proto-positivist, who, in his philosophical writings, took to showing how ordinary propositions about objects, causal relations, the self, and so on, were semantically equivalent to propositions about one's experiences.
However, many commentators have since rejected this understanding of Humean empiricism, stressing an epistemological, rather than a semantic reading of his project. According to this view, Hume's empiricism consisted in the idea that it is our knowledge, and not our ability to conceive, that is restricted to what can be experienced. To be sure, Hume thought that we can form beliefs about that which extends beyond any possible experience, through the operation of faculties such as custom and the imagination, but he was sceptical about claims to knowledge on this basis.
The cornerstone of Hume's epistemology is the so-called Problem of Induction: it has been argued that it is in this area of Hume's thought that his scepticism about human powers of reason is the most pronounced. Understanding the problem of induction, then, is central to grasping Hume's general philosophical system.
The problem concerns the explanation of how we are able to make inductive inferences. Inductive inference is reasoning from the observed behaviour of objects to their behaviour when unobserved; as Hume says, it is a question of how things behave when they go "beyond the present testimony of the senses, and the records of our memory". Hume notices that we tend to believe that things behave in a regular manner; i.e. that patterns in the behaviour of objects will persist into the future, and the unobserved present (this persistence of regularities is sometimes called the Principle of the Uniformity of Nature).
Hume's argument is now that we cannot rationally justify the claim that nature will continue to be uniform, as justification comes in only two varieties, and both of these are inadequate. The two sorts are: (1) demonstrative reasoning, and (2) probable reasoning. With regard to (1), Hume argues that the uniformity principle cannot be demonstrated, as it is "consistent and conceivable" that nature might stop being regular. Turning to (2), Hume argues that we cannot hold that nature will continue to be uniform because it has been in the past, as this is using the very sort of reasoning (induction) that is under question: it would be circular reasoning. Thus no form of justification will rationally warrant our inductive inferences.
Hume's solution to this sceptical problem is to argue that, rather than reason, it is natural instinct that explains our ability to make inductive inferences. He asserts that "Nature, by an absolute and uncountroulable necessity has determin'd us to judge as well as to breathe and feel". Although many modern commentators have demurred from Hume's solution, some have concurred with it, seeing his analysis of our epistemic predicament as a major contribution to the theory of knowledge: here, for example, is the Oxford Professor John D. Kenyon: "Reason might manage to raise a doubt about the truth of a conclusion of natural inductive inference just for a moment in the study, but the forces of nature will soon overcome that artificial scepticism, and the sheer agreeableness of animal faith will protect us from excessive caution and sterile suspension of belief."
The notion of causation is closely linked, in Hume, to the problem of induction. Hume saw induction as reasoning on the basis of patterns in the observed behaviour of objects, and these patterns were essentially causal. However, Hume's views on the concept of causation are much disputed. There are (at least) three interpretations in the literature, viz.: (1) the logical positivist interpretation; (2) the sceptical realist interpretation; and (3) the quasi-realist interpretation.
According to the positivist view, Hume is offering an analysis of causal propositions such as "A caused B", or "B happened because of A". This analysis is said to be in terms of the regular succession of certain of our experiences: on this interpretation, Hume is saying that propositions such as "A caused B" are equivalent to propositions such as "Whenever A occurs, then B does", where "whenever" refers to all possible observations of A and B.
This view has been rejected, however, by sceptical realists, who argue that Hume was not discussing the meaning of causal terms, but rather the source of our belief in the existence of causal connections in our experience. The major disagreement with the positivists focuses on the notion of necessary connection. According to the positivists, as we have seen, causation consists solely in regular succession; but sceptical realists point out that Hume also thought our concept of causation was of that of a necessary relation. As he says in the Treatise:
"Shall we rest contented with these two relations of contiguity and succession? By no means… there is a NECESSARY CONNECTION to be taken into consideration"
The reason Hume is called a sceptical realist on this take is that he did not think we could have perceptual access to the necessary connection, and thus we have no rational justification for believing in it (hence scepticism); but at the same time we are compelled by natural instinct to believe there to be a necessary connection when we observe a regularity or constancy in our perceptions, and this natural belief is of an objective causal necessity (hence realism).
A reading challenging whether Hume was straightforwardly realist about causation is that of Professor Simon Blackburn, who entitles his view quasi-realism. According to this view, Hume did not think that causal necessity was completely independent of human consciousness, and therefore was not a fully-fledged "realist" (as the sceptical realists have held). Instead, talk about causal necessity is an expression of a functional change in the human mind brought about by experience of observed conjunctions of events, that guides us inescapably to anticipate and predict unobserved events to carry on in the same way. When we talk of there being a causal necessity we are "projecting" this functional change onto the objects involved in the causal connection: in Hume's words, "nothing is more usual than to apply to external bodies every internal sensation which they occasion".
There are at least two broadly different ways of interpreting Hume's views on personal identity. According to the first view, Hume was a Bundle Theorist, who held that the self is nothing but a bundle of interconnected perceptions linked by relations of similarity and causality; or, more accurately, that our idea of the self is as nothing but such a bundle. This view is forwarded by, for example, positivist interpreters, who saw Hume as suggesting that terms such as "self", "person", or "mind" referred to collections of "sense-contents". This account draws on Hume's remarks that a person is "a bundle or collection of different perceptions". A modern-day version of the bundle theory of the mind has been advanced by Derek Parfit in his Reasons and Persons. However, some philosophers have criticised the bundle-theory interpretation of Hume on personal identity. It is argued that distinct selves can have perceptions which stand in relations of similarity and causality with one another, and that, therefore, perceptions must already come parcelled into distinct "bundles" before they can be associated according to the relations of similarity and causality. The mind must already possess a unity that cannot be generated by these relations alone. Since the bundle-theory interpretation attributes Hume with answering an ontological or conceptual question, philosophers who see Hume as not very concerned with such questions have queried whether the view is really Hume's, or "only a decoy".
An alternative theory is that Hume is answering an epistemological question about the cause of people forming judgements or beliefs about the existence of a constant self. In support of this interpretation we can point to passages that use causal terminology: "What then gives us so great a propension to ascribe an identity to these successive perceptions, and to suppose ourselves possest of an invariable and uninterrupted existence thro' the whole course of our lives?" This genetic or causal question is distinct from the ontological or conceptual question that Bundle Theory interpreters of Hume have taken him to be answering.
This reading of Hume sets out the problem that, although experience is interrupted and ever-changing, we somehow form a concept of a constant self that is the subject of these experiences. Hume's answer on this account is that it is the same interconnections and relations between perceptions that force the imagination to believe in the existence of mind-independent objects. Hume argues that our idea of the mind develops in parallel with our belief in the existence of external objects. Hume connects these notions when he says that the human mind is conceived of as a field of experience, into which various different objects appear and then disappear: "the true idea of the human mind, is to consider it as a system of different perceptions or different existences, which are link'd together by the relation of cause and effect, and mutually produce, destroy, influence, and modify each other.
Hume's most famous sentence occurs at Treatise, II, III, iii, Of the influencing motives of the will: "Reason is, and ought only to be, the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them." Hume here extends his anti-rationalism from the epistemological sphere into that of the theory of action, and demonstrates that the faculty of reason cannot, of itself, move the will. He starts the section by going over the by now familiar distinction between demonstrative and probable reasoning (roughly, deductive and inductive reasoning). He then argues that neither can influence the will, as both simply provide information deductive reasoning about correct mathematical or logical inference and inductive reasoning about causal connections and it is always open to us as to how to act on this information. Hume then argues that to be moved to act on the information provided us by reason, passions, desires and inclinations must play a role. To take a simple example: using causal reasoning I can discern that if I drink a lot of wine, I will get drunk, but the truth of this conditional will not motivate me to do anything unless I have some desire, in this case the desire to be drunk. As such, Hume forwards the basic folk psychological action-theory that a motive to action requires both a belief (ascertained by the understanding) and a desire (provided by the passions). This theory is still hotly contested, with Humean philosophers such as Simon Blackburn and Michael Smith on one side, and moral cognitivists, like John McDowell, and Kantians, like Christine Korsgaard, on the other.
Nonetheless, Hume is no utilitarian. In line with his debunking of religion, and of knowledge itself, he has no time for theories attempting to put ethics on a pedestal. But nor is he entirely contemptuous of public morality. Unlike Thomas Hobbes, Hume considers the ethical impulse a worthy one, based on more than self-interest. This is because, in addition to considerations of self-interest, Hume maintains that we can be moved by our 'sympathy' for others, fundamental human impulses that provide a person with thoroughly non-selfish concerns and motivations—sometimes referred to by contemporary theorists as altruistic concern.
Here, Hume follows his close friend and (at the time) much more highly respected contemporary, Adam Smith whose book entitled 'The Theory of the Moral Sentiments' (1759) starts with a chapter entitled 'Of Sympathy'. Smith's theory was intended to explain the operations of human society in much the same way as his (better-remembered) economic works on the nature of money. The theory assumes that there are, in fact, "no differences between right and wrong, just different emotional responses to acts as Martin Cohen has put it. This is why Hume says: "It is not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the whole world to the scratching of my finger Instead, Hume defends his sympathy-based, moral sentimentalism by claiming that we could never make moral judgments based on reason alone. Our reason deals with facts and draws conclusions from them, but, Ceteris paribus, it could not lead us to choose one option over the other; only our sentiments can do this. Also, our sympathy-based sentiments can motivate us towards the pursuit of non-selfish ends, like the utility of others. For Hume, and for fellow sympathy-theorist Adam Smith, the term "sympathy" is meant to capture much more than concern for the suffering of others. Sympathy, for Hume, is a principle for the communication and sharing of sentiments, both positive and negative. In this sense, it is akin to what contemporary psychologists and philosophers call empathy. In developing this sympathy-based moral sentimentalism, Hume surpasses the divinely implanted moral sense theory of his predecessor, Francis Hutcheson, by elaborating a naturalistic, moral psychological basis for the moral sense, in terms of the operation of sympathy. Hume's arguments against founding morality on reason are often now included in the arsenal of moral anti-realist arguments. As Humean-inspired philosopher John Mackie suggests, for there to exist moral facts about the world, recognizable by reason and intrinsically motivating, they would have to be very queer facts. Still, there is considerable debate among scholars as to Hume's status as a realist versus anti-realist.
In opposition to Christian thinkers (e.g., Samuel Clarke) who argued that for a person to be morally responsible, his actions must not be determined by any physical cause, Hume wrote that moral responsibility requires determinism: Hume argued that if effects are not determined by their causes then they're random, and similarly if actions aren't caused by the character then they're random and not the responsibility of the person who committed them.
Beyond saying that a person is only responsible when they enjoy free will, and that free will is when one gets to act according to one's character, Hume also offers a psychological evaluation of why we judge people. Hume says that we hold people to blame or approbation when we judge their character as being respectively harmful or beneficial to society. Following from Hume's ideas on experience and causation, this means that when, for example, we experience a person's character (the cause) as resulting in a bad action (the effect), we apply the principle that similar causes result in similar effects, judge that the character will result in future bad actions, and decide that it is important to blame that person for the good of the society.
Murray N. Rothbard argued that Hume's argument that values cannot be derived from facts is unpersuasive. Some allege that nothing can be in the conclusion of an argument that was not in one of the premises; and that therefore, an "ought" conclusion cannot follow from descriptive premises. But a conclusion follows from both premises taken together; the "ought" need not be present in either one of the premises so long as it has been validly deduced. Rothbard concluded that to say that it cannot be so deduced simply begs the question.
Hume discusses everyday belief as often resulted from probability, where we believe an event that has occurred most often as being most likely, but that we also subtract the weighting of the less common event from that of the more common event. In the context of miracles, this means that a miraculous event should be labelled a miracle only where it would be even more unbelievable (by principles of probability) for it not to be. Hume mostly discusses miracles as testimony, of which he writes that when a person reports a marvellous event we (need to) balance our belief in their veracity against our belief that such events do not occur. Following this rule, only where it is considered, as a result of experience, less likely that the testimony is false than that a miracle occur should we believe in miracles.
Although Hume leaves open the possibility for miracles to occur and be reported, he offers various arguments against this ever having happened in history:
Despite all this Hume observes that belief in miracles is popular, and that "The gazing populace receive greedily, without examination, whatever soothes superstition and promotes wonder."
Critics have argued that Hume's position assumes the character of miracles and natural laws prior to any specific examination of miracle claims, and thus it amounts to a subtle form of begging the question. They have also noted that it requires an appeal to inductive inference, as none have observed every part of nature or examined every possible miracle claim (e.g., those yet future to the observer), which in Hume's philosophy was especially problematic (see above).
Hume expressed suspicion of attempts to reform society in ways that departed from long-established custom, and he counselled people not to resist their governments except in cases of the most egregious tyranny. However, he resisted aligning himself with either of Britain's two political parties, the Whigs and the Tories, and he believed that we should try to balance our demands for liberty with the need for strong authority, without sacrificing either. He supported liberty of the press, and was sympathetic to democracy, when suitably constrained. It has been argued that he was a major inspiration for James Madison's writings, and the Federalist No. 10 in particular. He was also, in general, an optimist about social progress, believing that, thanks to the economic development that comes with the expansion of trade, societies progress from a state of "barbarism" to one of "civilisation". Civilised societies are open, peaceful and sociable, and their citizens are as a result much happier. It is therefore not fair to characterise him, as Leslie Stephen did, as favouring "that stagnation which is the natural ideal of a skeptic". (Leslie Stephen, History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, 2 vols. (London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1876), vol. 2, 185.)
Though it has been suggested Hume had no positive vision of the best society, he in fact produced an essay titled Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth, which lays out what he thought was the best form of government. His pragmatism shone through, however, in his caveat that we should only seek to implement such a system should an opportunity present itself, which would not upset established structures. He defended a strict separation of powers, decentralisation, extending the franchise to anyone who held property of value and limiting the power of the clergy. The Swiss militia system was proposed as the best form of protection. Elections were to take place on an annual basis and representatives were to be unpaid.
Hume does not believe, as Locke does, that private property is a natural right, but he argues that it is justified since resources are limited. If all goods were unlimited and available freely, then private property would not be justified, but instead becomes an "idle ceremonial". Hume also believed in unequal distribution of property, since perfect equality would destroy the ideas of thrift and industry, which leads to impoverishment.
Hume did not believe that foreign trade produced specie, but considered trade a stimulus for a country's economic growth. He did not consider the volume of world trade as fixed because countries can feed off their neighbors' wealth, being part of a "prosperous community". The fall in foreign demand is not that fatal, because in the long run, a country cannot preserve a leading trading position.
Hume was among the first to develop automatic price-specie flow, an idea that contrasts with the mercantile system. Simply put, when a country increases its in-flow of gold, this in-flow of gold will result in price inflation, and then price inflation will force out countries from trading that would have traded before the inflation. This results in a decrease of the in-flow of gold in the long run.
Hume also proposed a theory of beneficial inflation. He believed that increasing the money supply would raise production in the short run. This phenomenon would be caused by a gap between the increase in the money supply and that of the price level. The result is that prices will not rise at first and may not rise at all. This theory was later developed by John Maynard Keynes.
Between Hume's death and 1894, there were at least 50 editions of his 6-volume History of England, a work of immense sweep. The subtitle tells us as much, "From the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution in 1688."
There was also an often-reprinted abridgement, The Student's Hume (1859).
Hume's history was that of a Tory, in sharp contrast to the Whiggish works then prevailing.
Another remarkable feature of the series was that it widened the focus of history, away from merely Kings, Parliaments, and armies, including literature and science as well.
According to Schopenhauer, "There is more to be learned from each page of David Hume than from the collected philosophical works of Hegel, Herbart, and Schleiermacher taken together.
A. J. Ayer (1936), introducing his classic exposition of logical positivism, claimed: "the views which are put forward in this treatise derive from the logical outcome of the empiricism of Berkeley and Hume". Albert Einstein (1915) wrote that he was inspired by Hume's positivism when formulating his Special Theory of Relativity. Hume was called "the prophet of the Wittgensteinian revolution" by N. Phillipson, referring to his view that mathematics and logic are closed systems, disguised tautologies, and have no relation to the world of experience. David Fate Norton (1993) asserted that Hume was "the first post-sceptical philosopher of the early modern period".


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ULTIMATE SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGIES Sparkie Fire Starter
$9.99 $5.60 You Save $4.39 or 43%
Item # 17310286
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Product Details
Weighing in at less than an ounce, the Sparkie™ from ULTIMATE SURVIVAL TECHNOLOGIES® is an ideal fire starter when space is limited inside your pack. It's easy to operate with one hand and will ignite in high wind or wet weather conditions. The compact body is wrapped with a rubberized grip for secure handling; the spring-loaded spark bar can be manually rotated inside the rod holder to lengthen its lifespan and prevent wear.
- All-weather fire starter
- Compact design
- Reconfigured striker tab enclosure and spark bar
- Spring-loaded spark bar can be rotated to lengthen its lifespan
- Rubberized grip wrap
- One-handed operation
- Weight: 0.8 oz
- Dimensions (Closed): L 2.3" x W 2" x D 0.5"


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Limited Edition Colors: Available the 1st of each month... when they sell out, they sell out!
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Louis XVI-Style Side Cabinet
- Item No.
Intricate parquetry and extravagant bronze ormolu mounts decorate this Louis XVI-style cabinet
Key Features
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- This Louis XVI-style cabinet features intricate parquetry, ormolu mounts, and a rouge marble top
- Crafted of mahogany, this cabinet displays exceptional workmanship inside and out
- Circa 1850
- 66 3/8" wide x 18 5/8" deep x 49 3/8" high
Item Details
- Width:
66 3/8 Inches
- Height:
49 3/8 Inches
- Depth:
18 5/8 Inches
- Period:
European 19th Century
- Origin:
A magnificent French mahogany cabinet crafted in the extravagant Louis XVI style. The highly detailed design incorporates strong lines and classical elements throughout the entire piece. Gilt bronze mounts in a stunning array of styles, from a scrolling, pierced frieze to acanthus caps at the feet, complement the exceptional parquetry inlay and burl veneer. A top of the finest rouge marble completes this bold piece.
Circa 1850
Circa 1850


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go camping with my boys
ignore my google reader
cook fast, fresh meals
play with my kids more
get a haircut
read Catching Fire & Mocking Jay
connect with friends
visit with family
blog less (sorry!)
get a lesson on fishing
go to bed before midnight
drink less soda
not compare myself to others
find joy in creating what I want….and not what is trendy
take more pictures of my kids
find ways to serve others
go on walks
enjoy it.
What are you going to do this summer?
(Ben in Mexico '07…one of my favorite pictures ever)
PS. Thanks for all the get well wishes…I'm feeling much better!
My best bud is giving away a gorgeous boutique headband here….it ends Friday sometime so hurry if you have a little girl!


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Welcome! Click here to redeem your Credits
The Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra (French: Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo) is the main orchestra in the principality of Monaco. The orchestra gives concerts primarily in the Auditorium Rainier III, but also performs at the Salle des Princes in the Grimaldi Forum.
The orchestra was founded in 1856 and gave its first concert on 14 December 1856, with an ensemble of 15 musicians, at the "Maison de jeux" (the future casino), under the direction of Alexandre Hermann. By 1874, the orchestra had increased in size to 70 musicians, in particular during the leadership of Eusèbe Lucas. In 1953, Prince Rainier III had ordered the renaming of the ensemble to L'Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo. The orchestra acquired its current name in 1980, again through Rainier III.
Read more at Wikipedia


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Barneys New York Wire Dreidel with Chocolate Gelt
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