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Charles Sanders Peirce (pronounced purse) (September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American logician, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peirce was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. It is largely his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, and semiotics (and his founding of pragmatism) that is appreciated today. In 1934, the philosopher Paul Weiss called Peirce "the most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician.
Although an innovator in fields such as mathematics, research methodology, the philosophy of science, epistemology, and metaphysics, Peirce considered himself a logician first and foremost. While he made major contributions to formal logic, "logic" for him encompassed much of what is now called the philosophy of science and epistemology. He, in turn, saw logic as a branch of semiotics, of which he is a founder. As early as 1886 he saw that logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits, an idea used decades later to produce digital computers.
Charles Sanders Peirce was the son of Sarah Hunt Mills and Benjamin Peirce, a professor of astronomy and mathematics at Harvard University, perhaps the first serious research mathematician in America. At 12 years of age, Charles read an older brother's copy of Richard Whately's Elements of Logic, then the leading English language text on the subject. Thus began his lifelong fascination with logic and reasoning. He went on to obtain the BA and MA from Harvard, and in 1863 the Lawrence Scientific School awarded him its first M.Sc. in chemistry. This last degree was awarded summa cum laude; otherwise his academic record was undistinguished. At Harvard, he began lifelong friendships with Francis Ellingwood Abbot, Chauncey Wright, and William James. One of his Harvard instructors, Charles William Eliot, formed an unfavorable opinion of Peirce. This opinion proved fateful, because Eliot, while President of Harvard 1869–1909 — a period encompassing nearly all of Peirce's working life — repeatedly vetoed having Harvard employ Peirce in any capacity.
Peirce suffered all his life from what was then known as "facial neuralgia," a very painful nervous/facial condition. The Brent biography says that when in the throes of its pain "he was, at first, almost stupefied, and then aloof, cold, depressed, extremely suspicious, impatient of the slightest crossing, and subject to violent outbursts of temper." His condition would today be diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia. Its consequences may have led to the social isolation which made the later years of his life so tragic.
Between 1859 and 1891, Peirce was intermittently employed in various scientific capacities by the United States Coast Survey, where he enjoyed the protection of his highly influential father until the latter's death in 1880. This employment exempted Peirce from having to take part in the Civil War. It would have been very awkward for him to do so, as the Boston Brahmin Peirces sympathized with the Confederacy. At the Survey, he worked mainly in geodesy and in gravimetry, refining the use of pendulums to determine small local variations in the strength of the earth's gravity. The Survey sent him to Europe five times, the first in 1871, as part of a group dispatched to observe a solar eclipse. While in Europe, he sought out Augustus De Morgan, William Stanley Jevons, and William Kingdon Clifford, British mathematicians and logicians whose turn of mind resembled his own. From 1869 to 1872, he was employed as an Assistant in Harvard's astronomical observatory, doing important work on determining the brightness of stars and the shape of the Milky Way. (On Peirce the astronomer, see Lenzen's chapter in Moore and Robin, 1964.) In 1876 he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1878, he was the first to define the meter as so many wavelengths of light of a certain frequency, the definition employed until 1983 (Taylor 2001: 5).
During the 1880s, Peirce's indifference to bureaucratic detail waxed while the quality and timeliness of his Survey work waned. Peirce took years to write reports that he should have completed in mere months. Meanwhile, he wrote hundreds of logic, philosophy, and science entries for the Century Dictionary. In 1885, an investigation by the Allison Commission exonerated Peirce, but led to the dismissal of Superintendent Julius Hilgard and several other Coast Survey employees for misuse of public funds. In 1891, Peirce resigned from the Coast Survey, at the request of Superintendent Thomas Corwin Mendenhall. He never again held regular employment.
Brent documents something Peirce never suspected, namely that his efforts to obtain academic employment, grants, and scientific respectability were repeatedly frustrated by the covert opposition of a major American scientist of the day, Simon Newcomb. Peirce's ability to find academic employment may also have been frustrated by a difficult personality. Brent conjectures about various psychological and other difficulties.
Peirce's personal life also handicapped him. His first wife, Harriet Melusina Fay, left him in 1875. He soon took up with a woman whose maiden name and nationality remain uncertain to this day (the best guess is that her name was Juliette Froissy and that she was French), but his divorce from Harriet became final only in 1883, after which he married Juliette. That year, Newcomb pointed out to a Johns Hopkins trustee that Peirce, while a Hopkins employee, had lived and traveled with a woman to whom he was not married. The ensuing scandal led to his dismissal. Just why Peirce's later applications for academic employment at Clark University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Michigan, Cornell University, Stanford University, and the University of Chicago were all unsuccessful can no longer be determined. Presumably, his having lived with Juliette for years while still legally married to Harriet led him to be deemed morally unfit for academic employment anywhere in the USA. Peirce had no children by either marriage.
In 1887 Peirce spent part of his inheritance from his parents to buy of rural land near Milford, Pennsylvania, land which never yielded an economic return. There he built a large house which he named "Arisbe" where he spent the rest of his life, writing prolifically, much of it unpublished to this day. His living beyond his means soon led to grave financial and legal difficulties. Peirce spent much of his last two decades unable to afford heat in winter, and subsisting on old bread kindly donated by the local baker. Unable to afford new stationery, he wrote on the verso side of old manuscripts. An outstanding warrant for assault and unpaid debts led to his being a fugitive in New York City for a while. Several people, including his brother James Mills Peirce and his neighbors, relatives of Gifford Pinchot, settled his debts and paid his property taxes and mortgage.
Peirce did some scientific and engineering consulting and wrote a good deal for meager pay, mainly dictionary and encyclopedia entries, and reviews for The Nation (with whose editor, Wendell Phillips Garrison he became friendly). He did translations for the Smithsonian Institution, at its director Samuel Langley's instigation. Peirce also did substantial mathematical calculations for Langley's research on powered flight. Hoping to make money, Peirce tried inventing. He began but did not complete a number of books. In 1888, President Grover Cleveland appointed him to the Assay Commission. From 1890 onwards, he had a friend and admirer in Judge Francis C. Russell of Chicago, who introduced Peirce to Paul Carus and Edward Hegeler, the editor and the owner, respectively, of the pioneering American philosophy journal The Monist, which eventually published 14 or so articles by Peirce. He applied to the newly formed Carnegie Institution for a grant to write a book summarizing his life's work. The application was doomed; his nemesis Newcomb served on the Institution's executive committee, and its President had been the President of Johns Hopkins at the time of Peirce's dismissal.
The one who did the most to help Peirce in these desperate times was his old friend William James, who dedicated his Will to Believe to Peirce, and who arranged for Peirce to be paid to give four series of lectures at or near Harvard. Most important, each year from 1898 until his death in 1910, James would write to his friends in the Boston intelligentsia, asking that they make a financial contribution to help support Peirce. Peirce reciprocated by designating James's eldest son as his heir should Juliette predecease him.
Peirce died destitute in Milford, Pennsylvania, twenty years before his widow.
The first scholar to give Peirce his considered professional attention was Royce's student Morris Raphael Cohen, the editor of a 1923 anthology of Peirce's writings titled Chance, Love, and Logic and the author of the first bibliography of Peirce's scattered writings. John Dewey had had Peirce as an instructor at Johns Hopkins, and from 1916 onwards, Dewey's writings repeatedly mention Peirce with deference. His 1938 Logic: The Theory of Inquiry is Peircean through and through. The publication of the first six volumes of the Collected Papers (1931–35), the most important event to date in Peirce studies and one Cohen made possible by raising the needed funds, did not lead to an immediate outpouring of secondary studies. The editors of those volumes, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss, did not become Peirce specialists. Early landmarks of the secondary literature include the monographs by Buchler (1939), Feibleman (1946), and Goudge (1950), the 1941 Ph.D. thesis by Arthur W. Burks (who went on to edit volumes 7 and 8 of the Collected Papers), and the edited volume Wiener and Young (1952). The Charles S. Peirce Society was founded in 1946. Its Transactions, an academic journal specializing in Peirce, pragmatism, and American philosophy, has appeared since 1965.
In 1949, while doing unrelated archival work, the historian of mathematics Carolyn Eisele (1902–2000) chanced on an autograph letter by Peirce. Thus began her 40 years of research on Peirce the mathematician and scientist, culminating in Eisele (1976, 1979, 1985). Beginning around 1960, the philosopher and historian of ideas Max Fisch (1900–1995) emerged as an authority on Peirce; Fisch (1986) reprints many of the relevant articles, including a wide-ranging survey (Fisch 1986: 422-48) of the impact of Peirce's thought through 1983.
Peirce has come to enjoy a significant international following. There are university research centers devoted to Peirce studies and pragmatism in Brazil, Finland, Germany, Franceand Spain. His writings have been translated into several languages, including German, French, Finnish, Spanish, and Swedish. Since 1950, there have been French, Italian, Spanish and British Peirceans of note. For many years, the North American philosophy department most devoted to Peirce was the University of Toronto's, thanks in good part to the leadership of Thomas Goudge and David Savan. In recent years, American Peirce scholars have clustered at Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, the home of the Peirce Edition Project, and the Pennsylvania State University.
Robert Burch has commented on Peirce's current influence as follows:
Currently, considerable interest is being taken in Peirce's ideas from outside the arena of academic philosophy. The interest comes from industry, business, technology, and the military; and it has resulted in the existence of a number of agencies, institutes, and laboratories in which ongoing research into and development of Peircean concepts is being undertaken. (Burch 2001/2005.)
Peirce's reputation rests largely on a number of academic papers published in American scholarly and scientific journals. These papers, along with a selection of Peirce's previously unpublished work and a smattering of his correspondence, fill the eight volumes of the Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, published between 1931 and 1958. An important recent sampler of Peirce's philosophical writings is the two volume The Essential Peirce (Houser and Kloesel (eds.) 1992, Peirce Edition Project (eds.) 1998).
The only full-length book that Peirce authored and saw published in his lifetime was Photometric Researches (1878), a 181-page monograph on the applications of spectrographic methods to astronomy. Also published in book form was Peirce's 62-page Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus of Logic (1870) which was an extraction from Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 9 (1870), pp. 317–378. While at Johns Hopkins, he edited Studies in Logic (published 1883), containing chapters by himself and his graduate students. An abridged 23-page version of Peirce's syllabus for his 1903 Lowell Institute lectures was published as a pamphlet in 1903. He was a frequent book reviewer and contributor to The Nation, work reprinted in Ketner and Cook (1975–87). He wrote articles appearing in The Monist, Popular Science Monthly, the Journal of Speculative Philosophy, and elsewhere. He also gave various series of lectures over the years, for which see Lectures by Peirce.
Hardwick (2001) published Peirce's entire correspondence with Victoria, Lady Welby. Peirce's other published correspondence is largely limited to the 14 letters included in volume 8 of the Collected Papers, and the 20-odd pre-1890 items included in the Writings.
Harvard University acquired the papers found in Peirce's study soon after his death, but did not microfilm them until 1964. Only after Richard Robin (1967) catalogued this Nachlass did it become clear that Peirce had left approximately 1650 unpublished manuscripts, totalling over 100,000 pages. Eisele (1976, 1985) published some of this work, but most of it remains unpublished. For more on the vicissitudes of Peirce's papers, see (Houser 1989).
The limited coverage, and defective editing and organization, of the Collected Papers led Max Fisch and others in the 1970s to found the Peirce Edition Project, whose mission is to prepare a more complete critical chronological edition, known as the Writings. Only 6 out of a planned 31 volumes have appeared to date, but they cover the period from 1859–1890, when Peirce carried out much of his best-known work.
List of major works
It may be added that algebra was formerly called Cossic, in English, or the Rule of Cos; and the first algebra published in England was called "The Whetstone of Wit", because the author supposed that the word cos was the Latin word so spelled, which means a whetstone. But in fact, cos was derived from the Italian, cosa, thing, the thing you want to find, the unknown quantity whose value is sought. It is the Latin caussa, a thing aimed at, a cause. ("Elements of Mathematics", MS 165 (c. 1895), NEM 2, 50.)
Peirce made a number of striking discoveries in foundational mathematics, nearly all of which came to be appreciated only long after his death. He:
Beginning with his first paper on the "Logic of Relatives" (1870), Peirce extended the theory of relations that Augustus De Morgan had just recently woken from its Cinderella slumbers. Much of the actual mathematics of relations that is taken for granted today was "borrowed" from Peirce, not always with all due credit (Anellis 1995). Beginning in 1940, Alfred Tarski and his students rediscovered aspects of Peirce's larger vision of relational logic, developing the perspective of relational algebra. These theoretical resources gradually worked their way into applications, in large part instigated by the work of Edgar F. Codd, who happened to be a doctoral student of the Peirce editor and scholar Arthur W. Burks, on the relational model or the relational paradigm for implementing and using databases. In 1918, the logician C. I. Lewis wrote, "The contributions of C.S Peirce to symbolic logic are more numerous and varied than those of any other writer -- at least in the nineteenth century.
In the four volume work, The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce (1976), mathematician and Peirce scholar Carolyn Eisele published a large number of Peirce's previously unpublished manuscripts on mathematical subjects, including the drafts for an introductory textbook, allusively titled The New Elements of Mathematics, that presented mathematics from a decidedly novel, if not revolutionary standpoint.
In 1902 Peirce applied to the newly established Carnegie Institution for aid "in accomplishing certain scientific work", presenting an "explanation of what work is proposed" plus an "appendix containing a fuller statement". These parts of the letter, along with excerpts from earlier drafts, can be found in NEM 4 (Eisele 1976). The appendix is organized as a "List of Proposed Memoirs on Logic", and No. 12 among the 36 proposals is titled "On the Definition of Logic", the earlier draft of which is quoted in full above.
On Peirce and his contemporaries Ernst Schröder and Gottlob Frege, Hilary Putnam (1982) wrote that he found through research that, though Frege had priority by four years, it was Peirce and his student Oscar Howard Mitchell who effectively discovered the quantifier for the mathematical world. The main evidence for Putnam's claims is "On the Algebra of Logic: A Contribution to the Philosophy of Notation (1885), published in the premier American mathematical journal of the day. Peano and Ernst Schröder, among others, cited this article and used or adapted Peirce's notations, which are a typographical variant of those currently used. Peirce apparently was ignorant of Frege's work, despite their rival achievements in logic, philosophy of language, and the foundations of mathematics.
Peirce's other major discoveries in formal logic include:
A philosophy of logic, grounded in his categories and semiotic, can be extracted from Peirce's writings. This philosophy, as well as Peirce's logical work more generally, is exposited and defended in, and in Hilary Putnam (1982), the Introduction to Houser et al (1997), and Dipert's chapter in Misak (2004). Jean Van Heijenoort (Van Heijenoort 1967), Jaakko Hintikka in his chapter in Brunning and Forster (1997), and Geraldine Brady (Brady 2000) divide those who study formal (and natural) languages into two camps: the model-theorists / semanticists, and the proof theorists / universalists. Hintikka and Brady view Peirce as a pioneer model theorist. On how the young Bertrand Russell, especially his Principles of Mathematics and Principia Mathematica, did not do Peirce justice, see Anellis (1995).
Peirce's work on formal logic had admirers other than Ernst Schröder:
.... The information of a term is the measure of its superfluous comprehension. That is to say that the proper office of the comprehension is to determine the extension of the term. For instance, you and I are men because we possess those attributes — having two legs, being rational, &tc. — which make up the comprehension of man. Every addition to the comprehension of a term lessens its extension up to a certain point, after that further additions increase the information instead. (C.S. Peirce, "The Logic of Science, or, Induction and Hypothesis" (1866), W 1, 467.)
Peirce held that science achieves statistical probabilities, not certainties, and that chance, a veering from law, is very real. In probability theory itself he held with the frequency interpretation (objective ratios of cases) rather than probability as a measure of confidence or belief, and he assigned probability to an argument's conclusion rather than to a proposition, event, etc., as such.
Peirce produced a quincuncial projection of a sphere which kept angles true and resulted in less distortion of area than did other projections.
Peirce developed ideas about mathematical continuity. Continuity, or synechism, is important, even crucial, in his philosophy.
It is not sufficiently recognized that Peirce's career was that of a scientist, not a philosopher; and that during his lifetime he was known and valued chiefly as a scientist, only secondarily as a logician, and scarcely at all as a philosopher. Even his work in philosophy and logic will not be understood until this fact becomes a standing premise of Peircian studies. (Max Fisch, in (Moore and Robin 1964, 486).
Peirce was a working scientist for 30 years, and arguably was a professional philosopher only during the five years he lectured at Johns Hopkins. He learned philosophy mainly by reading, each day, a few pages of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, in the original German, while a Harvard undergraduate. His writings bear on a wide array of disciplines, including astronomy, metrology, geodesy, mathematics, logic, philosophy, the history and philosophy of science, linguistics, economics, and psychology. This work has become the subject of renewed interest and approval, resulting in a revival inspired not only by his anticipations of recent scientific developments but also by his demonstration of how philosophy can be applied effectively to human problems.
Peirce's writings repeatedly refer to a system of three categories, named Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness, devised early in his career in reaction to his reading of Aristotle, Kant, and Hegel. He later initiated the philosophical tendency known as pragmatism, a variant of which his life-long friend William James made popular. Peirce believed that any truth is provisional, and that the truth of any proposition cannot be certain but only probable. The name he gave to this state of affairs was "fallibilism". This fallibilism and pragmatism may be seen as playing roles in his work similar to those of skepticism and positivism, respectively, in the work of others.
On May 14, 1867, the 27-year-old Peirce presented a paper entitled " On a New List of Categories" to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which published it the following year. Among other things, this paper outlined a theory of three universal categories that Peirce would apply throughout philosophy and elsewhere for the rest of his life. Most students of Peirce will readily agree about their prevalence throughout his philosophical work. Peirce scholars generally regard the "New List" as foundational or breaking the ground for Peirce's "architectonic", his blueprint for a pragmatic philosophy. In the categories one will discern, concentrated, the pattern which one finds formed by the three grades of clearness in " How To Make Our Ideas Clear" (1878 foundational paper for pragmatism), and in numerous other trichotomies in his work.
"On a New List of Categories" is cast as a Kantian deduction; it is short but dense and difficult to summarize. The following table is compiled from that and later works.
|Typical characterizaton:
|As universe of experience:
|As quantity:
|Technical definition:
|Valence, "adicity":
|Quality of feeling.
|Ideas, chance, possibility.
|Vagueness, "some".
|Reference to a ground (a ground is a pure abstraction of a quality).
|Essentially monadic (the quale, in the sense of the thing with the quality).
|Reaction, resistance, (dyadic) relation.
|Brute facts, actuality.
|Singularity, discreteness.
|Reference to a correlate (by its relate).
|Essentially dyadic (the relate and the correlate).
|Habits, laws, necessity.
|Generality, continuity.
|Reference to an interpretant*.
|Essentially triadic (sign, object, interpretant*).
Peirce reserved the spelling "aesthetics" for the study of artistic beauty.
In "F.R.L.", Peirce proceeds to list four common barriers to inquiry: (1) Assertion of absolute certainty; (2) maintaining that something is absolutely unknowable; (3) maintaining that something is absolutely inexplicable because absolutely basic or ultimate; (4) holding that perfect exactitude is possible, especially such as to quite preclude unusual and anomalous phenomena. To deny absolute certainty is the heart of fallibilism, which Peirce unfolds into refusals to set up any of the listed barriers. Peirce elsewhere argues (1897) that logic's presupposition of fallibilism leads at length to the view that chance and continuity are very real (tychism and synechism).
One might have thought that, as a whole, the topic belongs within theory of inquiry ("Methodeutic" or "Philosophical or Speculative Rhetoric"), his third department of logic; but the First Rule of Logic pertains to the mind's presuppositions in undertaking reason and logic, presuppositions, for instance, that there are truth and real things independent of what you or I think of them. He describes such ideas as, collectively, hopes which, in particular cases, one is unable seriously to doubt.
On the Definition of Logic. Logic is formal semiotic. A sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign, determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence (or a lower implied sort) with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C. This definition no more involves any reference to human thought than does the definition of a line as the place within which a particle lies during a lapse of time. It is from this definition that I deduce the principles of logic by mathematical reasoning, and by mathematical reasoning that, I aver, will support criticism of Weierstrassian severity, and that is perfectly evident. The word "formal" in the definition is also defined. (Peirce, "Carnegie Application", NEM 4, 54).
Peirce himself referred to his general study of signs as semiotic or semeiotic. Both terms are current in both singular and plural forms. Peirce began writing on semiotic in the 1860s, around the time that he devised his system of three categories, and from the beginning it was based on the concept of a triadic sign relation. His 1907 definition of semiosis is "action, or influence, which is, or involves, a cooperation of three subjects, such as a sign, its object, and its interpretant, this tri-relative influence not being in any way resolvable into actions between pairs".. His semiotic is based on understanding of that triadic relation.
Every mind which passes from doubt to belief must have ideas which follow after one another in time. Every mind which reasons must have ideas which not only follow after others but are caused by them. Every mind which is capable of logical criticism of its inferences, must be aware of this determination of its ideas by previous ideas. (Peirce, "On Time and Thought", W 3, 68–69.)
Throughout the 1860s, the young but rapidly maturing Peirce was busy establishing a conceptual base camp and a technical supply line for a lifetime's intellectual adventures. In the long view, among best titles for the story, it all seems to have something to do with the dynamics of inquiry. This broad subject area has a part given by nature and a part ruled by nurture. On first approach, one can see a question of articulation and a question of explanation:
The pursuit of these questions finds them entangled together and finally incomprehensible apart from each other, but for exposition's sake it is convenient to organize a study of Peirce's assault on the summa by following first the trails of thought that led him to develop a theory of signs ('semiotic'), and tracking next the ways of thinking that led him to develop within it a theory of inquiry, one that would be up to the task of saying 'how science works'.
Opportune points of departure for exploring the dynamics of representation, such as led to Peirce's theories of inference and information, inquiry and signs, are those that he took for his own springboards. Perhaps the most significant influences radiate from points on parallel lines of inquiry in Aristotle's work, points where the intellectual forerunner focused on many of the same issues and even came to strikingly similar conclusions, at least about the best ways to begin. To keep on course to a more solid basis for understanding Peirce, it serves to consider the following loci in Aristotle:
In addition to the three elements of inference, that Peirce would assay to be irreducible, Aristotle analyzed several types of compound inference, most importantly the type known as 'reasoning by analogy' or 'reasoning from example', employing for the latter description the Greek word 'paradeigma', from which we get our word 'paradigm'.
Inquiry is a form of reasoning process; it institutes a specially conducted way, manner, style, or turn of thinking. Philosophers of the school that is commonly called 'pragmatic' hold with Peirce that "all thought is in signs, where 'sign' is the word for the broadest conceivable variety of indices, semblances, signals, symbols, formulas, texts, and so on up the line, that might be imagined. Even intellectual concepts and mental ideas are held to be a special class of signs, corresponding to internal states of the thinking agent that both issue in and result from the interpretation of external signs.
The subsumption of inquiry within reasoning in general and the inclusion of thinking within the class of sign processes let us approach the subject of inquiry from two different perspectives:
The distinction between signs denoting and objects denoted is critical to the discussion of Peirce's theory of signs.
In order to understand what a sign is we need to understand what a sign relation is, for signhood is a way of being in relation, not a way of being in itself. In order to understand what a sign relation is we need to understand what a triadic relation is, for the role of a sign is constituted as one among three, where roles in general are distinct even when the things that fill them are not. In order to understand what a triadic relation is we need to understand what a relation is, and here there are traditionally two ways of understanding what a relation is, both of which are necessary if not sufficient to complete understanding, namely, the way of extension and the way of intension. To these traditional approximations, Peirce adds a third way, the way of information, including change of information, in order to integrate the other two approaches into a unified whole. For discussion of Peirce's approach to comprehension, denotation, correspondence, semiotic determination, and other important sign relations, see the main article on sign relation.
Peirce held there are exactly three basic elements in semiosis (sign action):
Some of the understanding needed by the mind depends on familiarity with the object. In order to know what a given sign denotes, the mind needs some experience of that sign's object collaterally to that sign or sign system, and in that context Peirce speaks of collateral experience, collateral observation, collateral acquaintance, all in much the same terms.
The object determines (not in the deterministic sense, but in a sense of "specializes," bestimmt) the sign to determine another sign -- the interpretant -- to be related to the object as the sign is related to the object, hence the interpretant, fulfilling its function as sign of the object, determines a further interpretant sign. The process is logically structured to perpetuate itself.
For further discussion of sign, object, and interpretant, see Sign relations and the main article Semiotic elements and classes of signs (Peirce).
Three sign typologies -- among others -- stand out in Peirce's work. They depend respectively on (I) the sign itself, (II) the sign's relation to its denoted object, and (III) the sign's relation to its interpretant. The sign typologies are filled out by embodiments of each of three phenomenological categories, a trio of embodiments by each of these: (I) the sign itself, (II) the sign's manner of denoting the object, and (III) the manner attributed by the interpretant to the sign's denoting of the object.
I. Qualisign, sinsign, legisign (also called tone, token, type, and also called potisign, actisign, famisign): This typology emphasizes the sign itself in terms of the phenomenological category which it embodies -- the qualisign is a quality, a possibility, a "First"; the sinsign is a reaction or resistance, a singular object, an actual event or fact, a "Second"; and the legisign is a habit, a rule, a semiotic relation, a "Third".
II. Icon, index, symbol: This typology, the best known one, emphasizes the different ways in which the sign refers to its object -- the icon (also called semblance or likeness) by a quality of its own, the index by real connection to its object, and the symbol by a habit or rule for its interpretant.
III. Rheme, dicisign, argument (also called sumisign, dicisign, suadisign, also seme, pheme, delome, and regarded as very broadened versions of the traditional term, proposition, argument): This typology emphasizes that which the interpretant represents to be the sign's way of referring to its object -- the rheme is a sign interpreted to represent its object in respect of quality; the dicisign is a sign interpreted to represent its object in respect of fact; and the argument is a sign interpreted to represent its object in respect of habit or law.
Every sign falls under one class or another within (I) and within (II) and within (III). Thus each of the three typologies is a three-valued parameter for every sign. The three parameters are not independent of each other; many co-classifications aren't found, for reasons pertaining to the lack of either habit-taking or singular reaction in a quality, and the lack of habit-taking in a singular reaction. The result is not 27 but instead ten classes of signs fully specified at this level of analysis.
In the roughest terms, abduction is what we use to generate a likely hypothesis or an initial diagnosis in response to a phenomenon of interest or a problem of concern, while deduction is used to clarify, to derive, and to explicate the relevant consequences of the selected hypothesis, and induction is used to test the sum of the predictions against the sum of the data.
Peirce's recipe for pragmatic thinking, called both pragmatism and pragmaticism, is recapitulated in several versions of the so-called pragmatic maxim. Here is one of his more emphatic reiterations of it:
Consider what effects that might conceivably have practical bearings you conceive the objects of your conception to have. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object.
William James, among others, regarded two of Peirce's papers, " The Fixation of Belief" (1877) and "How to Make Our Ideas Clear" (1878) as pragmatism's origin. Peirce conceived pragmatism as a method for clarifying the meaning of difficult ideas through application of the pragmatic maxim. He differed from William James and the early John Dewey, in some of their tangential enthusiasms, in being decidedly more rationalistic and realistic, in several senses of those terms, throughout the preponderance of his own philosophical moods.
Peirce's pragmatism is a method of sorting out conceptual confusions by equating the meaning of any concept with the conceivable operational or practical consequences of whatever it is which the concept portrays. This pragmatism bears no resemblance to "vulgar" pragmatism, which misleadingly connotes a ruthless and Machiavellian search for mercenary or political advantage. Rather, Peirce's pragmatic maxim is the heart of his pragmatism as a method of experimentational mental reflection arriving at conceptions in terms of conceivable confirmatory and disconfirmatory circumstances -- a method hospitable to the generation of explanatory hypotheses, and conducive to the employment and improvement of verification to test the truth of putative knowledge. As such a method, pragmatism leads beyond the usual duo of foundational alternatives, namely:
His approach is distinct from foundationalism, empiricist or otherwise, as well as from coherentism, by the following three dimensions:
A theory that proves itself more successful than its rivals in predicting and controlling our world is said to be nearer the truth. This is an operational notion of truth employed by scientists. Peirce held, that the scientific method is the best for theoretical questions but not always better than tradition, instinct, etc., for time-sensitive practical questions, but will in the long run produce the most secure results on which action can ultimately be based.
In "How to Make Our Ideas Clear", Peirce discusses three grades of clearness of conception:
By way of example of how to clarify conceptions, he addresses truth and the real as questions of the presuppositions of reasoning in general. In clearness's second grade, he defines truth as a sign's correspondence to its object, and the real as the object of such correspondence, such that truth and the real are independent of that which you or I or any definite community of researchers think. Then in clearness's third grade (the pragmatic grade), he defines the truth as that which would be reached, sooner or later but still inevitably, by research adequately prolonged, such that the real does depend on that final opinion -- a dependence to which he appeals in theoretical arguments elsewhere, for instance for the long-term validity of the rule of induction. Peirce argues that even to argue against the independence and discoverability of truth and the real is to presuppose that there is, about that very question under argument, a truth with just such independence and discoverability. For more on Peirce's theory of truth, see the Peirce section in Pragmatic Theory of Truth.
Peirce's pragmatism, as method and theory of definitions and the clearness of ideas, is a department within his theory of inquiry, which he variously called "Methodeutic" and "Philosophical or Speculative Rhetoric". He applied his pragmatism as a method throughout his work. For further discussion see the main articles Pragmaticism and Pragmatic maxim.
Peirce extracted the pragmatic model or theory of inquiry from its raw materials in classical logic and refined it in parallel with the early development of symbolic logic to address problems about the nature of scientific reasoning.
Abduction, deduction, and induction typically work in a cyclic fashion, systematically functioning to reduce the uncertainties and difficulties that initiated the inquiry, and in this way, to the extent that inquiry is successful, leading to an increase in the knowledge or skills, in other words an augmentation in the competence or performance of the agent or community engaged in the inquiry.
In the pragmatic way of thinking in terms of conceivable consequences, every thing has a purpose, and a thing's purpose is the first thing that we should try to note about it. Inquiry's purpose is to reduce doubt and lead to a state of belief, which a person in that state will usually call 'knowledge' or 'certainty'. The three kinds of inference, insofar as they contribute and collaborate toward the end of inquiry, describe a cycle understandable only as a whole, and none of the three makes complete sense in isolation from the others.
For instance, abduction's purpose is to generate guesses that deduction can explicate and that induction can evaluate. This places a mild but meaningful constraint on the production of hypotheses, since it is not just any wild guess at explanation that submits itself to reason and bows out when defeated in a match with reality. Likewise, each of the other types of inference realizes its purpose only in accord with its proper role in the whole cycle of inquiry. No matter how much it may be necessary to study these processes in abstraction from each other, the integrity of inquiry places strong limitations on the effective modularity of its principal components.
The ensuing question, 'What sort of constraint, exactly, does pragmatic thinking of the end of inquiry place on our guesses?', is generally recognized as the problem of 'giving a rule to abduction'. Peirce's overall answer was the pragmatic maxim. In 1903 Peirce called the question of pragmatism "the question of the logic of abduction.
Peirce characterized the scientific method as follows: 1. Abduction (or retroduction). Generation of explanatory hypothesis. From abduction, Peirce distinguishes induction as inferring, on the basis of tests, the proportion of truth in the hypothesis. Every inquiry, whether into ideas, brute facts, or norms and laws, arises in the effort to resolve the wonder of surprising observations in the given realm or realms. All explanatory content of theories is reached by way of abduction, the most insecure among modes of inference. Induction as a process is far too slow for that job, so economy of research demands abduction, whose modicum of success depends on one's being somehow attuned to nature, by dispositions learned and, some of them, likely inborn. Abduction has general inductive justification in that it works often enough and that nothing else works, at least not quickly enough when science is already properly rather slow, the work of indefinitely many generations. Given that abduction relies on inborn or developed instinct attuned to nature and is driven by the need to economize the inquiry process, its explanatory hypotheses should be optimally simple in the sense of "natural" (for which Peirce cites Galileo and which Peirce distinguishes from "logically simple"). Given that abduction is insecure guesswork, it should have consequences with conceivable practical bearing leading at least to mental tests, and, in science, lending themselves to scientific testing.
2. Deduction. Analysis of hypothesis and deduction of its consequences in order to test the hypothesis. Two stages:
3. Induction. The long-run validity of the rule of induction is deducible from the principle (presuppositional to reasoning in general) that the real "is only the object of the final opinion to which sufficient investigation would lead". In other words, if there were something to which an inductive process involving ongoing tests or observations would never lead, then that thing would not be real. Three stages:
In ontology, Peirce declared himself Scholastic Realist about generals early on. Eventually he embraced Scholastic Realism about modalities (possibility, necessity, etc.) as well, holding that the modalities are real and not mere functions of one's ignorance.
Peirce believed in God, and characterized such belief as founded in an instinct explorable in musing over the worlds of ideas, brute facts, and evolving norms -- and it is a belief in God not as an actual or existent being (in Peirce's sense of those words), but all the same as a real being.. In "A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God" (1908), Peirce sketches, for God's reality, an argument to a hypothesis of God as the Necessary Being, a hypothesis which he describes in terms of how it would tend to develop and become compelling in musement and inquiry by a normal person who is led, by the hypothesis, to consider as being purposed the features of the worlds of ideas, brute facts, and evolving norms, such that the thought of such purposefulness will "stand or fall with the hypothesis"; meanwhile, according to Peirce, the hypothesis, in supposing an "infinitely incomprehensible" being, starts off at odds with its own nature as a purportively true conception, and so, no matter how much the hypothesis grows, it both (A) inevitably regards itself as partly true, partly vague, and as continuing to define itself without limit, and (B) inevitably has God appearing likewise vague but growing, though God as the Necessary Being is not vague or growing; but the hypothesis will hold it to be more false to say the opposite, that God is purposeless.
In physical metaphysics, Peirce held the view, which he called objective idealism, that "that matter is effete mind, inveterate habits becoming physical laws. Peirce asserted the reality of (1) chance (his tychist view), (2) mechanical necessity (anancist view), and (3) that which he called the law of love (agapist view). They embody his categories Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness, respectively. He held that fortuitous variation (which he also called "sporting"), mechanical necessity, and creative love are the three modes of evolution (modes called "tychasm", "anancasm", and "agapasm) of the universe and its parts. His found his conception of agapasm embodied in Lamarckian evolution; the overall idea in any case is that of evolution tending toward an end or goal, and it could also be the evolution of a mind or a society; it is the kind of evolution which manifests workings of mind in some general sense. He said that overall he was a synechist, holding with reality of continuity.
For more information on editions, see References below, and also Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography#Standard editions.
A bibliography of Peirce's works may be found at the above location.


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And why arent' you open to doing this for more than one fed?
To be honest, I think we're good mate. We've got 3 guys that are making great posters for us, and we don't need anything more than that.
I'll get in touch if something arises where we do need something.

subset: commoncrawl


text: "The movie will be filmed in 3D starting in January 2010, specifically starting on January 25, 2010. Filming locations are expected to include Knob Lick, Mianus, Fukang, Buttzville and Gayville. The BBC says director Jeff Tremaine has been doing camera tests. Johnny Knoxville has said the whole cast of the previous movies will be returning. Paramount purchased the domain http://www.Jackass3d.com ."


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In my opinion, this reviewer needs to work more with the NXT before making such a judgment. (There are a lot of precocious preteens and Lego Leaguers out there who have taken to the NXT).
However, this reviewer indirectly raises an important question: is the NXT generally too challenging for ten-year-olds, the minimum age to which Lego is marketing the product?
What do you think?


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The Governor promotes a new book.
Posted on January 10 2013 - 3:29 AM - Posted by: Ian Lazaran | Follow on Twitter!
The Governor promotes a new book.
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Bridalicious 30-Day Get-Fit Challenge
Trying to figure out the best way to get fit before your wedding, but not exactly sure where to start? Look no further, because Doug Rice (creator of Bridalicious Boot Camp) is here to help. For the next 30 days, Doug will be hosting a get-fit challenge within our community on his very own, (and new!) board. The Bridalicious 30-Day Get-Fit Challenge board will be a place where you can get support from other brides, as well as expert advice from Doug.
Need nutrition and diet advice? We have that covered, too. Doug will be bringing in a nutrition expert to help answer all your diet questions to help jump-start your wedding shape-up program. Plus, you will have a chance to win prizes including fitness gear and the popular Bridalicious Boot Camp by The Knot DVD set. The challenge starts today, September 17th, so make sure to join us!


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Octopussy™ Barbie® Doll
Intelligent and alluring, Bond girls are forever making James Bond's missions all the more exciting. In Octopussy, James Bond meets beautiful smuggler and circus owner, Octopussy.
Octopussy™ Barbie® doll pays tribute to this Favorite Bond Girl, dressed in a belted, white robe featuring a striking octopus graphic on the back. Her mane of luscious brunette locks and sultry face paint capture plenty of attitude. Oh so alluring!
007 TM and related James Bond Trademarks © 1962 – 2010 Danjaq, LLC and United Artists Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 007 TM and related James Bond Trademarks are trademarks of Danjaq. LLC licensed by EON Productions Limited.
For the adult collector.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.


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Microbes are tiny organisms—too tiny to see without a microscope, yet they are abundant on Earth. They live everywhere—in air, soil, rock, and water. Some live happily in searing heat, while others thrive in freezing cold. Some microbes need oxygen to live, but others do not. These microscopic organisms are found in plants and animals as well as in the human body.
Some microbes cause disease in humans, plants, and animals. Others are essential for a healthy life, and we could not exist without them. Indeed, the relationship between microbes and humans is delicate and complex.
Most microbes belong to one of four major groups: bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa. A common word for microbes that cause disease is "germs." Some people refer to disease-causing microbes as "bugs." "I've got the flu bug," for example, is a phrase you may hear during the wintertime to describe an influenza virus infection.
Since the 19th century, we have known microbes cause infectious diseases. Near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to learn that microbes also contribute to many chronic diseases and conditions. Mounting scientific evidence strongly links microbes to some forms of cancer, coronary artery disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and chronic lung diseases.
NIAID is the federal government's lead agency for conducting and funding research on many infectious diseases, including their causes, diagnoses, treatments, and prevention methods. Biomedical research supported by NIAID provides the tools necessary to develop diagnostic tests, new and improved treatments, vaccines, and other means to combat the microbial threats of today and tomorrow.
Learn more about microbe research at NIAID.
Last Updated April 03, 2012
Last Reviewed July 21, 2010


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McCormick Charities – Non-profit Organizations in McCormick County
South Carolina SC Organizations SC Charities McCormick Charities
Featured McCormick & McCormick County Non-profit OrganizationsFeature Your McCormick County Non-profit Here
Choose by Type – McCormick County Charities and Non-profitsMany McCormick-area charities are listed on separate pages according to type. If you do not see the type of non-profit you are looking for in the list below, please look in the next section, called Choose by Name.
Choose by Name — McCormick County Charities and Non-profitsThis lists shows all McCormick-area charities that are not listed on separate pages under the "Choose by Type" section above. SCIWAY strives to link to every non-profit website in South Carolina. If you would like to add a charity to SCIWAY, please use the form below. And don't forget to check out our entire list of organizations in South Carolina – the organization(s) you're seeking may be listed on a different page!
SC Animal Rescue
Abbeville Charities
South Carolina's Site of the Day
SCIWAY . . . "sky-way" . . . South Carolina's Information HighWAY
© 2015 SCIWAY.net, LLC All rights reserved.


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Seen around L.A. Fashion Week
If you can't get enough of your B and C-list celebs and designers, well then L.A. Fashion Week is for you!
Paris Hilton is pretty much the biggest celebrity sighting you can have in L.A. and her front-row spot at sister Nicky's fashion show (which we reviewed here)providing prime peeping.
Other actresses included The Hills gang (if acting like you're human isn't an accomplishment, what is?), Mena Suvari, Juliette Lewis, Lauren German, Jenna Elfman. And then there were "actresses" of a dirtier sort – Jenna Jameson and Mary Carey.
Rounding out the ecclectic crowd were Lily Collins, Bijou Phillips, Ruby Stewart and Gene Simmons.


text: Beaver alert A brief update from Peter, filmed before he headed off to a meeting of The Elders. We hear news of the 'Scratch My Back' album projects which is now nearing completion and pick up on Peter's current hot tips, Portico Quartet and Charlie Winston. music from this month's video More on The Elders Share : Tweet ‹ 'Scratch My Back' album release due on January 25th 2010 All You Need is love ›


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Lawn and Garden
While working in your garden or caring for your landscape, there are many things you can do to reduce waste and conserve resources. From caring for you lawn and garden equipment, to "greenscaping," learn what you can do to make a difference in the world around you.
Use food scraps, yard trimmings, and other organic waste to create a compost pile. Compost is a rich soil amendment that can help increase water retention, decrease erosion, and replace chemical fertilizers.
Greenscape Your Landscape
- In spring and summer, many of us start some kind of landscaping
around our property. You can reduce the environmental impacts of
landscaping your lawn and property by grasscycling, mulching, and
composting. Properly managing your yard waste enhances your environment
and saves you money. EPA's
GreenScapes Program can show professional and amateur landscapers
how. GreenScapes provides cost-efficient and environmentally friendly
solutions for large-scale landscaping projects. The site also has
some advice for homeowners.
A consumer brochure, "Greenscaping" Your Lawn and Garden (PDF) (8 pp, 959 KB, About PDF) is also available.
Shred untreated wood and leaf wastes into chips and use them as mulch on garden beds to prevent weed growth, retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and add nutrients back to the soil.
Build a backyard fort or tree house from recycled materials, such as wood scraps, cardboard, and other found items.
Buy recycled-content gardening equipment and tools, such as garden hoses made from old tires, stepping stones made from old glass bottles, or hand tools made with recycled plastic. You can also use plastic lumber made from recycled plastic bottles and bags to make flower beds, trellises, decks, and birdhouses.
Recycle used oil and tires from lawn and garden equipment. If you have a need for large lawn and garden equipment, such as tillers or chainsaws, you can reduce waste (and save money!) by renting or borrowing the equipment.
Keep your lawn mower and other equipment in efficient operating condition by performing regular maintenance according to the owner's manual. Purchase a nozzle that prevents fuel spills when refilling your lawn mower. Use manual tools when appropriate to save fuel and protect air quality. Remember not to use your gas mower on Code Red days.
Raise the cutting height of your lawn mower during the hot summer months to keep grass roots shaded and cooler, reducing weed growth, browning, and the need for watering. When you mow, "grasscycle" by leaving grass clippings on your lawn instead of bagging them or use a mulching mower. The clippings will return nutrients to the soil instead of taking up space in landfills.
Cut the bottoms off plastic milk jugs or use small paper bags to protect young seedlings from frost, wind, heavy rain, and roving animals. Remember to recycle the bags and jugs when the seedlings have grown.
If you have healthy plants that you want to replace, donate them to community gardens or schools, or offer them to neighbors.
Many plants and insects can serve as non-toxic, natural deterrents to weeds and garden pests. Introduce ladybugs to eat aphids, plant marigolds to ward off beetles, and look for quick-sprouting plants to block weed growth.
Conserve water. Use barrels to collect rain water and use it to water plants. Check hoses for leaks before watering plants, and position sprinklers so they water only plants, not the sidewalk, street, or house. Also remember to water during the cooler parts of the day (early morning is best) to avoid evaporation.


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Witnesses said strong winds from a passing storm tossed two 17-year-old women, Sidney Renea Good and Alexis Fairchild, both of
"We need all the prayers for these girls that we can get," Eric Good,
"These winds kept the chute aloft and several attempts to winch the riders back onto the vessel failed," the news release states. "The anchor was set to keep the boat from being pulled onto shore. The towline detached and the riders were helpless to control the chute."
The captain of the boat, the "Why Knot," was 30-year-old Tyler Churchwell for Aquatic Adventures. He declined to comment for this story.
Several witnesses said the victims were in a tandem harness under a parachute that detached from a boat.
Cole Adair and Michael Kennedy, on vacation from
The impact caved in the roof and front windshield of an SUV in the parking lot.
"It was gruesome," Kennedy said.
Good and Fairchild were rushed to the hospital after Monday's incident. Others who came to their aid in the parking lot said both were breathing, but only one was conscious at the time.
Kennedy and Adair said both victims went limp after crashing into the side of The Commodore Condominiums and stayed that way for several seconds before they reached the ground.
"It seemed like a long time," Adair said.
Amy Barron, of
"We knew they were going to hit, but there was nothing we could do about it," Barron said.
Investigators with the Bay County Sheriff's Office, the U.S. Coast Guard and
Friends and family turned to Twitter and Facebook to offer prayers and support under the tag #prayforsidneyandalexis. Family members said on Facebook that both girls were undergoing a series of surgeries at a local hospital for their injuries
Bay Medical Center Sacred Heart Health System released a statement from the families of Fairchild and Good, thanking the community for its support and asking for privacy.
"We are very grateful for the love and support that we've received from family and friends at home as well as many people here in Panama City who have assisted us," the statement said. "We ask for privacy at this time as we focus on Alexis and Sidney. Thank you for respecting our wishes and for your concern for our daughters. We truly appreciate your thoughts and prayers."
An individual answering the phone at Aquatic Adventures, the parasailing company that owned the boat, said the company would have no comment.
In May of this year the Florida Legislature failed to pass a bill that would have regulated the parasailing industry. James Vaught, a managing partner of Aquatic Adventures in
"It's a lot of bad information," Vaught said of the bill. "We're just not being looked at correctly… we're being looked at like a bunch of rogue pirates."
Aquatic Adventures controls the largest parasail fleet in the
The bill would have prevented any parasail apparatus from operating within 1,800 feet of the shore and required boat operators to have a radio on board to monitor weather conditions and would prohibit parasailing during sustained winds of more than 20 mph, in rainy conditions and in times of poor visibility.
Vaught said he believes it should be up to industry leaders to regulate themselves, and spoke in support of a set of international safety standards for parasailing under development by the Water Sports Industry Association (WSIA) in
"We've started creating our own standards," Vaught said. "We've got a good plan going."
He added that his company has been operating under safe practices for 12 years.
"We're in parasailing because we love the sport and we want to do it right," he said. "We want to run the industry correctly and we want to save the industry."
- AMATEUR VIDEO: Beachgoer watches paragliders (WARNING: ADULT LANGUAGE) »


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The Louisville Slugger HD9 series is built with a dual leather/mesh construction that gives the lightweight performance and durability demanded by high-level players. This hybrid design provides all the flexibility without sacrificing durability.
We even pay for return shipping!*
* Free return shipping is not offered on team orders or drop-ship orders. Free return shipping is offered on items purchased
on or after 2/1/11. Baseball Rampage retains the right to modify or discontinue this promotion at any time. Free return shipping is limited to
a maximum of 3 return shipments in any one year period.


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Natural rubber latex is used in many products, from toys to carpets, from erasers to rubber bands. In health care, latex is commonly found in many products including gloves, catheters, bandages, tourniquets and many others. Designed to protect both professional and patient from the spread of infection, latex gloves cause no problems for the vast majority of people who use them. Some people, however, are allergic to natural rubber latex. Healthcare professionals need to learn the facts about this allergy and how best to help assure the health and safety of patients and those who care for them.
Note: The information provided here is for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for specific medical advice by a physician. The information, programs and policies reviewed here are for illustrative purposes only. Each healthcare institution should tailor its policies, guidelines and approach to its unique circumstances, taking into account its facilities, employees and patient population.


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Mwana pwo (young woman) masks, danced by Chokwe men at festivals primarily for entertainment, are said to bestow increased fertility on the ...
Hiroshige's One Hundred Famous Views of Edo
Hiroshige's 118 woodblock landscape and genre scenes of mid-nineteenth-century Tokyo, is one of the greatest achievements of Japanese art.
On View: Box in the Form of a Leopard's Head
This box was used to hold kola nuts presented to visitors in the royal court of Benin. Leopards are one of the most commonly portrayed anima...
200 Eastern Parkway
Brooklyn, New York 11238-6052
Eastern Parkway/Brooklyn Museum
Wednesday: 11 a.m.–6 p.m.
Thursday: 11 a.m.–10 p.m.
Friday–Sunday: 11 a.m.–6 p.m.


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Company town? In Seattle, some fret over Amazon's growth
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Sugar, like salt and other things, is an essential thing the body needs.
If you have no sugar at all, your brain would slowly shutdown plus you'd lose the ability to move, just like if you cut 100% of salt out your heart would stop beating and you wouldn't have any reflexes. Diabetics have sugar albeit in smaller quantities than non-diabetics.


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City looks to roll back sale voteBy Gordon Dritschilo
Staff Writer | February 15,2013Three months ago, the Board of Aldermen gave the Department of Public Works permission to sell off low-value city property.
Wednesday, the General Committee unanimously recommended taking that authority away.
In fact, according to Committee Chairman Christopher Robinson, the blanket authorization may have violated the city charter. He said the charter states that only the board may authorize such sales, except where the charter or an ordinance says otherwise. The board did not create an ordinance when it gave DPW the green light back in November.
Public Works Commissioner Evan Pilachowski had come to the board about selling a truck and a backhoe. At the same time, he had a buyer interested in an old typewriter.
Somebody actually wanted it, he said. Somebody actually came into the office.
Pilachowski said he sought the blanket authorization because there were a number of similar items he felt he could clear from his department inventory, but he was not sure he should take up the boards time getting permission for small-ticket sales.
I think theres probably more things out there that could be sold than are sold now, he said. If you think about computer equipment we might replace something and itll sit in the corner for three or four years, depreciating in value until we have to pay to get rid of it.
The motion approved in November capped the value of items that could be sold unilaterally at $200. Robinson said he was concerned that the motion included no way of assuring the values, opening the door for an unscrupulous city official to sell off municipal property to friends at massive markdowns.
Pilachowski said that had not occurred to him, but that it was a good point.
Robinson and other aldermen present at the meeting said that they did not feel the board had been burdened by such requests. If they did become frequent, they said, they could set a policy whereby department heads wait until they have a number of items for sale and then approach the board for a bulk authorization.
firstname.lastname@example.com IN Local & StateRecovery takes time, patience and a desire to change. Full StoryMayor Louras wants the city to have a better idea on what to pay its department heads. Full StoryThe Rutland Town Select Board plans to appoint a new member next week who will serve until a... Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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Detroit Red Wings (7-4-2) at Calgary Flames (5-5-2), 9 p.m.
(SportsNetwork.com) - The Calgary Flames aim to bounce back from their first regulation home loss of the campaign on Friday night when they host a Detroit Red Wings club that they swept in three meetings a season ago.
The Flames have split the first two of a three-game homestand, besting the Washington Capitals last Saturday before falling by a 4-2 score to the Toronto Maple Leafs on Wednesday. Matt Stajan and David Jones had goals and Karri Ramo stopped 18-of-21 shots, but Leafs netminder Jonathan Bernier came up with 41 saves.
Calgary has lost three of four and five of its last seven overall, falling to 3-1-1 at home on the season.
"I felt that we had a good game. We are not very pleased with the result but I don't know what we could have done more. Offensively we generated a lot. Our forechecking was good. Our puck decisions in the offensive zone were very good but Bernier basically stole the game away from us," said Calgary coach Bob Hartley.
Ramo was making his third straight start and former Red Wings netminder Joey MacDonald is expected to face his old club tonight. MacDonald spent two seasons in Detroit before getting claimed off waivers by Calgary on Feb. 11.
The 33-year-old has faced the Red Wings just once prior, notching a 42-save shutout on March 27, 2009 while with the New York Islanders.
The Flames outscored the Red Wings 12-5 in winning all three meetings last season, winning twice at home.
Detroit has lost three of its past four in Calgary, but is coming off a 2-1 win over Vancouver on Wednesday that began a four-game road trip. The Red Wings are 4-2-0 as the guest this season.
Daniel Alfredsson scored in a second straight game and Tomas Tatar notched his first goal of the season for the Red Wings, who snapped a four-game slide (0-2-2). Jimmy Howard made 19 saves.
"I've got to give the guys a lot of credit tonight," Howard said. "They did a great job in front of me."
Patrick Eaves made his season debut after missing the first 12 games due to a sprained knee and ankle injury, while Johan Franzen missed Wednesday's contest with an undisclosed injury.
Franzen is likely to return tonight and has logged just two goals and three assists in 12 games.
Howard is 7-5-0 with a 2.66 GAA in 12 career meetings with the Flames, while backup Jonas Gustavsson is 0-4-0 with a 4.61 GAA in five encounters.
Detroit is scheduled to visit Edmonton on Saturday and Gustavsson could get the start in that game given his past history versus Calgary. He is 3-0-0 with a 2.13 GAA in four games (3 starts) overall this season.


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CSI: NY - Season 3 DVD
$16.99Add to Wish list
You Save: $5.99 26% off
- Additional Details
- Format: DVD
- Rating: Not Rated
- Number of Discs: 6
- Run Time: 1019 Minutes
- Aspect Ratio: Widescreen
- Studio: Paramount
- DVD Release Date: October 9, 2007
- Audio:
ENGLISH: Dolby Digital 5.1 [CC]
SPANISH: Dolby Digital Stereo
- Cast: Gary Sinise, Carmine Giovinazzo, Melina Kanakaredes, Hill Harper, Eddie Cahill
- Genre: TV Series
- Color: Color
- Includes:
Audio Commentaries on 4 Episodes: Episode 302 - Not What It Looks Like, Episode 305 - Oedipus Hex, Episode 308 - Consequences, Episode 312 - Silent Night
Breaking the Killer Code
The Suicide Girls Rock CSI: NY
The Making of "Silent Night"
Hill Harper Explores the Body Farm
- Release Date: 2006
In CSI NY Seasons 3, the crimes are more brutal. The evidence is more baffling. CSI New York season three takes drama and danger to the next level as the brilliant criminalists risk everything in the quest for justice. Special guest appearances by Nelly Furtado, John McEnroe, Joey Lawrence and Criss Angel make this season even more unforgettable.
Check out the special features on these season 3 of CSI NY DVDs:
Breaking The Killer Code
The Suicide Girls Rock CSI: NY Sneak Peek: This is an episode specific
Don't forget CSI NY Season 3 for hours of brilliant detective work that hinges on the smallest clues in these CSI New York season three DVDs.


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You are here
2013 Alumni Weekend
Welcome back to Ohio Northern University's Alumni Weekend, a time to celebrate the special 50-year reunion of the Class of 1963 as well as those who are celebrating their 55-, 60-, 65- and 70-year reunions! Additionally, we look forward to celebrating with all of our Golden Year alumni – everyone celebrating 50 years or more.
We would like to thank the members of the Class of 1963 Reunion Planning Committee for all of their work on planning the weekend and for reaching out to classmates to encourage attendance. We will have a special celebration on Friday, May 31, for the Class of 1963.
Celebrations for the other mentioned reunion classes will immediately follow the Alumni Reunion Luncheon on Saturday, June 1.
Most importantly, we know that you'll have a fun-filled weekend. We look forward to having you return to campus for seminars, programs and a chance to meet with President Dan DiBiasio and his wife, Chris Burns-DiBiasio.
As you read through the following schedule of events, please contact us at 866-ONU-ALUM or firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any questions. We look forward to seeing you back on campus.
To register for alumni weekend click here
Friday, May 31
Alumni Reunion Luncheon (McIntosh Center, first floor - Activities Room) Dress - casual
1-6 p.m.
Registration (McIntosh Center, Main Lobby) Upon arrival to campus, have no worries - as long as you can find McIntosh Center, our friendly staff and students will help take care of the rest. Please use the registration area for any questions you may have about anything related to the weekend. We are here to help make this weekend memorable and enjoyable for you.
1:30-2:30 p.m.
Alumni Colleges: Alumni will have an opportunity to relive the "Classroom Experience" with a variety of presentations and sessions from current faculty members. The Alumni College topics will be sent to you shortly, or you may make your selections upon arriving on campus! (All Alumni College sessions will be held in McIntosh Center. Additional information on these sessions will be at the Registration area.)
2:30-3:30 p.m.
Tours of the campus with walking, golf cart and a shuttle option. (All tours will depart from the Registration area in McIntosh Center at 2:35 p.m.)
5-6 p.m.
Jazz at the Inn - The Inn at Ohio Northern University - After a long, but fun day with friends, enjoy listening to Jazz at the Inn prior to the 50-Year Reunion Celebration! (The Inn is immediately to the south of McIntosh Center)
6-6:30 p.m.
50-Year Class Reunion Reception (McIntosh Center, Lobby)
6:30 p.m.
50-Year Class Reunion Celebration and Photo (McIntosh Center, Ballroom) Celebrating 50 years is a BIG DEAL, and we guarantee a night to remember! Join us as we honor the Class of 1963. All alumni and friends are invited and encouraged to attend to celebrate this milestone! (Dress as you choose. Most women will be in dresses/slacks, and men will be in sport coats and/or ties)
9 p.m.
Reception at The Inn at Ohio Northern University. Come one, come all for hors d'oeuvres, reminiscing and fun as we celebrate a wonderful day…and as we prepare for tomorrow!
Saturday, June 1
8 a.m.-6 p.m.
Registration (McIntosh Center, Main Lobby)
8-9:30 a.m.
Breakfast Buffet (McIntosh Center, Activities Room)
8 a.m.
Walk the Remington Walk Enjoy a leisurely walk or golf cart tour through ONU's beautiful campus with other ONU alumni and friends while learning about these sculptures on Northern's campus. (Meet at the McIntosh fountain at 8 a.m. for shuttle service to the walk. We will return you to McIntosh in time for breakfast)
9-10 a.m.
Alumni Colleges: Alumni will have an opportunity to relive the "Classroom Experience" with a variety of presentations and sessions from current faculty members. The Alumni College topics will be sent to you shortly, or you may make your selections upon arriving on campus! (All Alumni College sessions will be held in McIntosh Center. Additional information on these sessions will be at the Registration area.)
*Wealth Transfer and Estate Planning Mr. Lawrence Barrett, BSBA '71, business college advisory board member
Join Mr. Barrett as he discusses wealth transfer and estate planning for changing times. Mr. Barrett is a private wealth advisor for Sagemark Consulting and was recently named a Premier Partner of the North Central Region Planning Office of Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation.
10:15 a.m.-noon
Meet the Deans and College Representatives Take this opportunity to head to each of your respective colleges to visit with deans and current faculty. Tours of these areas, as well as remarks in each of these areas, will provide invaluable updates on your alma mater. Guests are encouraged to attend. (Meet the Deans sessions will depart from the registration area in McIntosh Center at 10:15 a.m.)
Noon-1:30 p.m.
Alumni Reunion Luncheon, Honoring the Golden Years (McIntosh Center, Ballroom) Join ONU alumni and friends for a luncheon honoring the Golden Year classes. All Golden Year alumni will be announced at this luncheon. Following lunch, hear an update on the University from Dan DiBiasio, ONU president. The Wills Cane and Pitcher will be awarded, and photos will be taken of the Golden Years alumni after the University update.
1:30 p.m.
Reunion celebrations for the Classes of 1958, 1953, 1948 and 1943! Following lunch with your classmates, reunite for continued discussions, reminiscing and fellowship and of course, conversations about "your days" on campus. (McIntosh Center, The Wishing Well) Including the Hakes-Pierstorf Family Pharmacy Addition, The Mathile Center for the Natural Sciences, Dial-Roberson Football Stadium, King Horn Center, Dicke Hall, a residence hall and much more! (The shuttle will be leaving from the fountain at McIntosh Center at 2:05 p.m.)
Fraternity and Sorority Open Houses Reconnect with your brothers and sisters and tour your chapter house. Even if the address of your chapter house has changed, take this opportunity to reminisce and see what Greek life is like now at ONU. Specific details on each chapter will be available at Alumni Weekend registration.
2-6 p.m.
Horse and Carriage Rides through ONU's Campus. Enjoy a leisurely stroll through ONU's campus. (Leaving from the fountain at McIntosh Center – every 15 minutes)
3-4 p.m.
Enjoy afternoon tea with Chris Burns-DiBiasio, ONU's first lady (The Inn at Ohio Northern University)
5:30-6:30 p.m.
Reception (Activities Room, McIntosh Center) Come enjoy fellowship and music prior the Alumni Awards Dinner
6:30 p.m.
Alumni Awards Banquet and Dinner (Ballroom, McIntosh Center) Join us for an evening of dining and entertainment while celebrating the recipients of this year's Distinguished Alumni Awards.
Honoring George Duane Atkinson, BSBA '72, Marjorie L. Hollinger, BSED '48 and Wesley Clarke, BA '50.
Sunday, June 2
8-10 a.m.
Breakfast at The Inn at Ohio Northern University
The 13th annual Robby Classic will again take place in an effort to raise money for The Robby Scholarship Fund. The event will be held at Colonial Golfers Club, State Route 309 in Harrod, Ohio with registration starting at 11 a.m.
Sunday Worship
A list of area churches and worship times


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Photo Gallery | Photo Gallery: Baby Goat Takes Spokane By Storm
Flash is only 15-days-old, but he's already had a run-in with Spokane Police. His cute ways even sent him to the Spokane County Juvenile Justice Center. Some say he was the scapegoat for more devious pursuits, but really, he's just helping kids make their wishes come true.
Baby goats are the fundraiser tactic of choice for Wishing Star Foundation to help raise money for their non-profit. Volunteers travel around the region with baby goats to surprise unsuspecting "victims" with a bundle of cuteness that aims to snuggle his way to your heart.
We followed three volunteers including a "wish mother" through downtown Spokane on Wednesday morning to visit the Public Safety Building, Spokane County Juvenile Justice Center and Vanessa Behan Nursery Crisis Center.
Want to send a goat to a friend? Wishing Star is continuing their fundraiser through the end of this week. You can order a "goating" online at their website www.sendafriendagoat.com. When the goat arrives in your arms, any donation to the non-profit takes the goat away, but $50 sends it to the next person of your choice. Wishing Star Foundation helps grant wishes for children with life-threatening illnesses between the ages of 3 and 21 in Eastern and Central Washington, and Idaho.
To celebrate the goat week, Wishing Star is hosting a carnival and petting zoo this Saturday at A to Z Rental, located at 10903 E. Sprague in Spokane Valley. It's 1-3 p.m. and is free to all ages.


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Roughly 4 million children under age twelve go hungry each day. Research demonstrates that children who lack adequate nutrition are more likely to have health problems and to have difficulty in school. There are several programs that help child care providers pay for meals and snacks. Below is a description of the major programs that provide nutrition assistance to children in child care. To access more childhood nutrition and obesity prevention resources, click here.
Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACF)
Who is eligible to receive funds?
Licensed public and non-profit child care centers, family child care, Head Start, recreation centers, and group child care homes are eligible for assistance to provide meals and snacks. Public and non-profit private schools that provide organized after-school programs also are eligible. Any child up to age 12 is entitled to meals. For profit child care centers that use Title XX funds to serve 25 percent or more low-income children also are eligible to participate.
Family child care providers must sign an agreement with a sponsoring organization. The organization provides training, monitoring, and assistance in planning menus and filling out reimbursement forms.
Which children are eligible? Child under the age of 12 years are eligible to receive up to two meals and one snack a day through the program. Migrant children and children with disabilities under age 15 years are eligible.
What are the special rules regarding immigrant children?
The law provides States with the option of enforcing restrictions in serving immigrants. States can ask child care providers and after-school programs to check the immigration status of children participating in the program and to turn away undocumented children.
How are programs reimbursed for meals?
Most centers include the meals as part of the fee. Centers receive payment through the CACF program based on the type of meal served and the child's eligibility for free, reduced-price or paid meals. After-school programs are reimbursed at the free rate. The rates also are based on the family income of the participants.
Special Milk Program
Program purpose and authorization:
The Special Milk Program provides milk to children in child care and schools that do not participate in other Federal child nutrition programs. Schools that participate in the National School Lunch or School Breakfast Programs also may participate in the milk program in order to provide milk to children enrolled in half-day pre-kindergarten and kindergarten programs that do not have a meal program.
Who is eligible for free milk?
Children either purchase the milk or receive it for free. Families must meet income guidelines for their children to receive free milk.
What are the reimbursement rules?
Programs receive reimbursement for each half-pint of milk served. The milk program must operate on a non-profit basis and agree to use the Federal reimbursement to reduce the price of milk for all children. The reimbursement for each half-pint sold is 12.75 cents; for children receiving milk free, the program is reimbursed the net purchase price of the milk.
After-School Snacks
What institutions are eligible for assistance?
A public or private nonprofit organization or school that operates an organized after-school program (regularly scheduled activities in a supervised environment providing educational or enrichment activities) and that is located in an area with a school in which 50 percent or more of the children can be reimbursed for snacks.
After-school programs that consist entirely of interscholastic or community-level competitive sports are not eligible. After-school programs that include supervised athletic activity and are "open to all" are eligible.
An after-school program does not need to be licensed in order to participate unless the State or locality imposes a licensing requirement. Even if there is no state or local licensing program, the after-school programs must meet state or local health and safety standards.
What about summer programs?
This program does not provide assistance for summer programs. They must apply for assistance under he Summer Food Service Program.
For more information, contact:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutrition Service
Phone: (202) 720-2791
Food Research and Action Center
Phone: (202) 986-2200


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Check out these teaser images from Marvel for Spider-Man and Fantastic Four in 2010:
What's with the baby in Spider-Man? Are they bringing back May, who originally died at the end of the Clone Saga? And speaking of clones, who are the Black Costume and Iron Spidey Spider-Men standing with Madame Webb & the short-lived Spider-Woman?
And Reed Richards looks like a wannabe Cable there, complete with Cyclops' ridiculous 90s belts!


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On the dryer control panel there are three buttons(beeper, more time, less time) that seem to be led's but do not light up. The same buttons on the washer control panel do light up. Is this normal? I have read the manual, but did not see an answer.Regards,Mark
Started by iloveu1438
Started by IDK
Started by larrywd
Started by beaker
Started by mbadam
Started by ah3000bj8


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Failing to find an appropriate section to post this in, I decided to post this in the non-Discworld books section, and hope.
Sooo...webcomics. Who here reads them?
I do. They often tend to be a source of humour and interest that I badly need. So, without further ado, here they are, in rough order of discovery:
8-Bit Theater (by Brian Clevinger): 8-Bit Theater is what happens when you take the ridiculous aspects of the Final Fantasy series, put it into the setting of the first game, and actually give the first game some plot beyond saving the world. Finished.
A group of four dysfunctional warriors team up to embark on a quest to save the world. Problem is, they are so dysfunctional and selfish that they might end up destroying it instead. Psychopathic Black Mage, extreme kleptomaniac and arrogant Thief, delusional Red Mage, and the stupid but good natured Fighter set off on adventures that are both horrifying and hilarious.
How I Killed Your Master (by Brian Clevinger and John Wood, with art by Matt Speroni): After 8-Bit Theater finished, Brian Clevinger worked on this little gem, which is basically a martial arts story told as a webcomic. Nicely done, but may not be for everyone, though it has plenty of humour as well as drama. Ongoing, but on hiatus, at the moment.
Martial artist Chang Sen has been searching all over for the man who killed his master. Finding Liu Wong, an old man, Sen is asked to listen to Wong's life story, in order to learn how to surpass his master. We learn the story of how Wong's father was murdered, how he was sent to be the servant of Master Fei, and how Wong started on the path to avenge his father's murder...
Ow My Sanity (by Adam J Thaxton): An unusual one, as I usually don't go in for horror, but this is actually quite interesting, even if the artwork is a little crude. TV Tropes' description of it being the bastard offspring between Ah My Goddess! and the works of HP Lovecraft is pretty much spot on. Or if that doesn't work, how about I Dream of Jeannie, where Jeannie is a cosmic horror instead of a ditzy genie? Ongoing, but on hiatus, at the moment.
David Bartlett has not had a good life at all. Born with a sensitivity to cosmic horrors, and with bad luck plagueing his every step, things culminate when his college dorm-mates and associates performing a ritual to summon a cosmic horror. When things start to go wrong, Bartlett is prepared to die, wishing only that someone would give a damn about him for once. The cosmic horror grants his wish, changing itself into the form of a young Arabic woman that he calls Nancy. With everyone else in the dorm dead, and with a cosmic horror following him around until she understands what he actually meant by his wish, Bartlett is in trouble, especially when the nearest Delta Green cell start sniffing around, and thinks that he is a crazed maniac...
The Last Days of FOXHOUND (by Chris Doucette): Like 8-Bit Theater, The Last Days of FOXHOUND serve to parody a video game, only this time, it is Metal Gear Solid that gets lampooned. Despite the crudish artwork, it is extremely funny, although the sheer amount of profanity would make a sailor blush. Even those who haven't played the games might enjoy it. Finished.
A mysterious, and rather stupid, young man called Liquid Snake joins the special ops organisation known as FOXHOUND, filled with some of the most dysfunctional operatives in the US. We have Psycho Mantis, an extreme misogynist and psychopathic psychic, Revolver Ocelot, sadistic sharpshooter and chronic backstabber, Vulcan Raven, a big Inuit with a big gun, and Sniper Wolf, beautiful sniper with a hair trigger. Between strange missions and stranger goings-on, ghosts, an ancient political conspiracy, and new Metal Gear weapons, they have their work cut out for them, and that's if they can even get along...
The Dreadful (by Matt Speroni): Another webcomic on the site that hosts 8-Bit Theater, this is a new one that looks promising. It's not been on long enough to provide a real synopsis yet, but it follows the story of a bounty hunter in the Old West, except that said bounty hunter is a cut demon girl, and this Old West also has centaurs, elves, and dwarves. Ongoing.
Girl Genius (by Phil and Kaja Foglio): A very long-running webcomic (the story, which started in print before heading online, has been done for the past decade), this is a very good one, if somewhat strange, that can be best summed up by the tagline "Mad scientists rule the world. Badly." Very Pratchettian in nature, especially with the character of Baron Klaus Wolfenbach, who is basically a much more militaristic Lord Vetinari. It will take you a long time to make it through the archives, believe me, but it is worth it. Lots of drama, humour, a bit of horror, and mad science.
Agatha Clay is a university student working at Beetleburg University, and somewhat clumsy, especially when it comes to machines. But when her locket is stolen by a pair of thieves, one that she was told never to take off, things change. For Agatha has the Spark, a form of gift that allows those who possess it to create anything, from death rays to artificial beings. But Sparks are feared by the populace, especially when they become megalomaniacs like the infamous Other, or tyrants, like Baron Klaus Wulfenbach. Her awakening of the spark takes Agatha from a gigantic airship, to a travelling circus, back to her ancestral home of Castle Heterodyne. For Agatha Clay is really Agatha Heterodyne, the last known survivor of a powerful Spark family, but is that a good thing?
So...yeah. Any comments?


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Piece from Mukozuke Set
The decoration of these sweetmeat dishes suggests a traditional design taken from Momoyama period (sixteenth-century) textile patterns. Rosanjin, who worked centuries later, was the most eclectic of the great modern Japanese potters and tried his hand at a wide variety of traditional ceramic styles. Never slavishly imitative, he simply took inspiration from a style and created his own distinctive pieces, like these traditional side dishes for the kaiseki meal in Japan.
This text refers to these objects: ' 86.271.45; 86.271.40; 86.271.41; 86.271.42; 86.271.43; 86.271.44
- Artist: Kitaoji Rosanjin, Japanese, 1883-1959
- Medium: Stoneware, Oribe ware
- Dates: 20th century
- Period: Showa
- Dimensions: 2 3/4 x 3 3/8 in. (7 x 8.6 cm) (show scale)
- Signature: signature Ro on base
- Collections:Asian Art
- Museum Location: This item is not on view
- Accession Number: 86.271.43
- Credit Line: Gift of Dr. and Mrs. John P. Lyden
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Kitaoji Rosanjin (Japanese, 1883-1959). Piece from Mukozuke Set, 20th century. Stoneware, Oribe ware, 2 3/4 x 3 3/8 in. (7 x 8.6 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. John P. Lyden, 86.271.43. Creative Commons-BY
- Image:
- Record Completeness: Good (64%)


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Big news guys! Ray has officialy announced that Don Gilmore will be producing the new album. Don has produced some great records in the past. Some of his work Includes Linkin Parks Hybrid Theory and Meteora, Bullet For My Valentines Fever and Temper, Temper, and Lacuna Coils Shallow Life and Dark Adrenaline.
What do you guys think? I'm personaly excited. I think he is a great producer and I'm glad KoRn are working with someone different. Someone they have never worked with before. I can't wait!
Here is an extensive list of other artists he's worked with:
-Pearl Jam
-Rob Zombie
-Good Charlotte
-Three Days Grace
-Hollywood Undead
-Duran Duran
-Sugar Ray
-Danny Elfman
-Trust Company
-Scary Kids Scaring Kids
-Avril Lavigne
-Jay Z
-Escape the Fate
-Dashboard Confessional
-Eve 6
-The Veronicas
-Apex Theory
Replies to This Posting
Re: DON GILMORE ANNOUNCED AS PRODUCER FOR KORNS NEW ALBUM!
I love koRN III
Re: DON GILMORE ANNOUNCED AS PRODUCER FOR KORNS NEW ALBUM!
I love KoRn III, too. We're a fickle group, us KoRn fans. When they make make an "experimental" record, we say, "what the fuck!" When they make a "base" KoRn sound record, we say, "that shit is forced!" They can't win. I finally decided that I would just try and respect them as artists that I love and feel what I could for whatever they put out. Having said that, it's like women: I love them, but I don't want all of them at my house. Everyday is not the day for every KoRn record, for me.
Personally, I can't wait to hear the Don Gilmore KoRn. I think that Michael Beinhorn and Ross Robinson left the largest fingerprints on the KoRn sound and this guy may do likewise. Those LP records were incredible, in my opinion.
Re: DON GILMORE ANNOUNCED AS PRODUCER FOR KORNS NEW ALBUM!
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