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Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Sep 2007
Location: forrestfield, western australia
Oddometer: 201
Look forward to following your adventure. Thanks for taking the effort to share your travels with us.
Joined: Dec 2009
Oddometer: 8
Good luck in Laos! Great country. safe travels
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
worried about about everything that moves now...
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
Been to some magical places in the last few days..resting up in Vientiane at the moment..
Joined: Mar 2012
Oddometer: 66
I checked out your link,have to agree,its for a good cause.I've seen what mines can do here in Cambodia.I shot some footage on the K 5 with Halo Trust and in Kompong Chhang with CMAC.
Rode all over this country and Laos will be next.
Good luck.
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
Those mines are nasty things...
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
The road to Vang Viang
I spent 5 days in Luang Prabang some of it meeting up with people and some of it resting up, last year I was non-stop riding and the fatigue was too much so this time I'm taking it easy, I had a good look around town but my favorites where the Mines Advisory Group MAG and the Tardsae Waterfall.
The UXO center run by MAG has a big display of all the different types of munitions used on Laos in the secret war, the bombing figures are mind bending and hard to get your head around especially because not many people know of the war.
Nou was my guide and showed me around.
An interesting afternoon, didn't know bombs came in so many different shapes and sizes, but the worst has to be the Anti-personnel mines Bombies as the locals call them and their still going of today.
The children think they are toys and when the find them they start chucking them around, I'm sure you can work out the rest.
That's a big bomb.
More on MAG as the trip goes on.
I got the bike's oil changed and decided to go and have a poke around outside town, found this great bamboo bridge.
I saw a sign for a waterfall so I thought I would have a look so I parked up and walked down to the river, on the way down I bought some Bananas when I turned round this dude was there.....made me jump.
They are so quiet on the move, beautiful beast.
Went down to river and got my ticket.
All the locals where pulling a heavy steel cable down to the river, I thought it was a scrap find.
Jumped on my boat and headed down the river, it was a nice cooling trip and very peaceful.
When I arrived it was busy, Elephants and Waterfalls everywhere, the falls look man made but they say they are natural, wish I had bought my trunks.
Back to the bike for me.
When I got back to the bike I realized what the cable was for, but what they where pulling I had no idea, so I waited around to watch.
What a monster, makes the Elephant look small, big Russian V8 6X6
They were pulling logs out of the river, how they found them I will never know the water is not so clear, locals ready with the chain saw.
I've seen enough and headed back to the Hotel, on the way back I saw these guys who looked like they were having problems, meet Chris and David from Australia
The local Mechanic was having problems.
I got involved and we were running in 20 mins, water in the plug cap which is no surprise as they had dropped the bike in the river what a day and night they had had. They invited me up for dinner as a thank you, lots of beer and a late night thanks guys I really enjoyed your company.
The next day I was getting ready for the of to Vang Viang, I had chosen a route that would take me past a Ls25 Phou Chai and old Lima site, so bright and early I set of down routes 13 and then took a small dirt track towards route 4 Via Muang Name, it's a fantastic route with dirt most of the way. I have this all on video and will try to get it edited when I can, this how my day looked as I headed for the mountains.
Another beautiful day.
190k's of dirt and mind blowing scenery.
Soon I was up in the clouds with very few people about.
The views where stunning, not much more I can say about this route other than if your in Laos you best come ride it.
It just got better and better, at 2000 meters it was amazing, so I stopped for lunch to take it in.
That's Ls 25 in the distance where the buildings are, I rode up there but the gate was locked.
It was great going up but coming down was just as good especially with the smooth Tarmac.They are working on this road so soon it will be Tarmac most of the way.
Just a magic day riding, time to find a hotel and sort a few bits on the bike out!.
Steve canyon screwed with this post 11-30-2012 at 08:23 PM Reason: pics
Out Standing Member
Joined: Sep 2006
Location: Tallahassee. FL. USA
Oddometer: 137
I'm trying to get back and see the southern part of Lao. I hear you about not delaying it for too long.
I look forward to your continuing adventure!
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Apr 2010
Location: central Illinois (Bloomington)
Oddometer: 632
Such a beautiful place!!
Thanks so much for sharing, and I will be following along!
Ride safe
Old Bridges Thread
Riding the TWAT
475+ Bridges in Illinois,
985+ Old Bridges in Missouri
Joined: Aug 2012
Location: Belgistan
Oddometer: 605
trying to follow your route on google maps proves difficult :)
| KTM 690 SMC RRP | Honda RD04 Africa Twin |
| Balkan ADV RR | Bacon trip log map | KTM 690 Wiki |
Joined: Dec 2007
Location: Euroland
Oddometer: 594
Great trip report mate :) And nice choice of bike too, trips places like this are a lot more fun when you have a nice light small bike
Saigon to Hanoi
Easter Mekong Tour
Streets of Vietnam
Current bike: 2008 Honda CBF-600
Joined: Jan 2010
Location: Gympie QLD
Oddometer: 1,876
Enjoying the read just got back from Laos myself and really enjoyed it. Are you using a GPS ?, I did got the maps from Jim at remote asia never had a problem even out in the back blocks. Would love to get back and see some of the southern regions.
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
I can send you the Garmin tracks if you want, view them in Google earth or mapsource...
Joined: Jan 2012
Location: London
Oddometer: 70
Vang Viang and beyond
Sorry for the delay but the internet has not been to kind to me in Laos, all night to upload 50 pictures and I have 100's.
I arrived here quiet early after a pretty uneventful ride but the plan was to get here as quickly as possible, so not much to see in the one stop I made, this young lady spoke great English and we spent some time chatting.
I rode into town and spotted this Hotel 130,000 kip for a brand new room with all the mod cons very nice to.
After check in it was time to have a look at the bike, I was thinking the Chinese had used elastic to make the chain as I only adjusted it a couple of days ago, I had thought at the time that the bolt seemed a bit suspect so I decided to remove the nut and check it...Oh dear
The guys must have cross threaded it when they changed the wheels, I'm in the crap now. I went for a wander around town and found a little engineering shop and asked the guy to do a repair for me, 20,000 kip later I have a new thread and nut, the nut was a bit small but I'm back on the road.
check out the new addition to the tool box, beer Laos better than WD40....
My mate in Chaing Mai Hass has ordered me another and will post it to Vientiane in the next few days, disaster averted I decide to go and check out the party town of Vang Viang. To my surprise it was very quiet as they have had a lot of problems with people doing crazy things on drugs and drink so the police have shut a lot of it down, they do have some nice views though.
All this is built next to an old run way, I have no idea when it was decommissioned.
So it's another early night and up early in the morning to get to Vientiane which was another pretty uneventful ride. I checked into the Villa Laos where I had a pal staying, a nice quiet place for 130,000 kip a night, little out of town but no problem on the bike.
It was nice to catch up with Don and his wife and we drunk a few bottle of wine and had some food, very nice evening, the next say was back to fixing the bike as the front suspension kept bottoming out and I want to change the rear shock, so bright an early i get up and head down to Fuark's garage to see what can be done, meet Fuark.
He's a pretty cool guy who suggested a fork oil change, but no shock.Lots of guys riding around the worls also turned up to fix there bike, fuark will let you use his premise and tools to fix your bike, as well as supplying the parts, if you get stuck in Laos he's your man.
Both these guys where on round the world trips, Natco and Julian.
Nice to meet you guys, the Lifan got some new fork oil and I removed the cat in the quest for more power, small improvement but every little helps.
turns out that they put to much oil in the forks so over the next few days I drained a bit at a time until I got what I wanted from the front, I'm a little happier, as for the back I need a new shock. I decided to stick around for a few days as the Aussies Chris & Dave had called me to say they where on the way down and wanted to go riding and would I wait for them, of course fellas. We hooked up the next evening and went on a bit of a bender, turns out Chris can sing real good and Dave can drink to match him we managed to get most of the bar singing American Pie, a great night with a head to match the next day.
The night market is a must.
Just when I thought it could not get any better they called me to say they had a spare room in their 400$ a night Hotel, hell I was there in a flash and very nice it was to, the Green Park Hotel VTE. We decided on a easy evening as we were going to get up early and head down to Thaket so we could ride the Ho Chi Minh Trail, well a part of it the guys were pumped and looking for wad to getting there but you know how it goes with a group to much messing around and the schedule was shot before we left so I planned a little detour.M Kamkuet and we would find a Hotel down there for the night. It had been a boring ride apart from Chris getting rear ended and hitting me after an old lady just walked out in front of me, damn Chris was real lucky, no real damage, we stopped for a while so Chris could collect his thoughts.
David thinking what could have been, a lucky escape and a good reason to keep alert in Laos.
We pushed on and we found this Gem, a reward for a hard days ride, the Limestone forest, another wonder of Laos.
Another Jaw dropping view.
That sort of view keep me going for a long time and we still had a way to go, I spotted a sign for a resort and asked the boys if they wanted to stop and it was a yes. It turned out a hard place to find but when we got there we were impressed, it's an Oasis in a beautiful setting and only 130,000 kip a night!!!. The main restaurant area.
The accommodation comes in the shape of Bungalows all with TV,Aircon,Hot showers and a view to die for, we were so happy it was better than the 400$ a night place.
I could stay at this place for Months so quiet and the real feeling of village life, we went up to the main building and ordered some food and to our surprise it was magnificent, some of the best food we had had on the trip so far we ordered lots of dishes Laos and European and it was all first class, we dined like kings and washed it down with beer Laos.
Make sure you visit.
Later on the owner came over and introduced himself. Mr Vongsamay Malibayphit very nice chap who had a wonderful story to tell, he had grown up in Savannakhet during the war and had been unable to go to school because of the bombing, he said if you didn't see the blast's you feel them!. He later got the chance to go to Cuba to get an education and spent 7 years there in school, when he returned he worked hard and saved his money and got the land to build his Hotel and live his dream, he also gives a lot back to his community working with the disabled and supplying school uniforms and other educational equipment to the local schools, great man.
Well we dined on into the evening and retired at a reasonable hour as tomorrow would be another big day down the route one which I'm told is a bit nasty with lots of broken tarmac and dust.
Once again the morning was lost in riding terms, I had got up at 5.30 to catch the sun rise, a beautiful morning.
The clouds falling down the mountain.
By 11Am I knew we would not make our destination by night fall to much messing around choosing underwear etc so we went to explore some caves instead and then go to Thaket and get closer to the Trails.
Big Chris broke the steps on the way up, whoops
Used to shelter from the bombing, lots of effort went into them, almost shrine like.
We went up to the house on the top to pay for the damage but they did not seem to understand but took the money, I guess they went and got some steak instead of these.
I'm sure the locals think we are mad!
Back on the road again the boys have charged of on their high powered KLX's leaving me behind so I'm going to get some photos and take my time .... still lots of UXO in Laos.
Great views.
And the children always have a smile.
I like these views up the river into the jungle, my imagination just runs wild.
The children were very friendly and not scared of the power ranger even letting me take a few shots, why are the children so happy over here?
More great views along the way.
The guys were waiting for me here, a few photos and of to Thaket
We arrived in Thaket about 7 pm the roads here at night are very dangerous and I was happy to follow the boys lights into town, there is also some big things flying around at night that hit you like bullets, I road last year at night and said never again, I'm not doing it again and people ride with no lights on the wrong side of the rode as well as having cows walking about......danger.
We pulled into a new hotel called Vannida Hotel 130,000 kip a night, clean and tidy. I always find Thaket a hard place to be in so this Hotel was nice, we ate Vietnamese food which was really nice and got to bed early as we were going to have an early start this was the boys last chance to ride the Ho Chi Minh Trail before they had to leave for Thailand. Time to upload some more pictures...more tomorrow.
Steve canyon screwed with this post 11-29-2012 at 04:42 AM Reason: Duplicated text!
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Up-front incentives can pay for no more than 50% of the cost
Residential solar water heating and space heating: $1,750
Small commercial solar water heating and space heating: $200,000
PV incentives may be de-rated based on expected performance
Residential PV: Funding has been depleted
Non-residential PV (up to 70 kW-AC): Funding has been depleted
Non-residential PV (larger than 70 kW-AC): production-based incentive (PBI)
Residential solar water heating and space heating: $0.50/kWh (up-front incentive)
Small commercial solar water heating and space heating: $0.50/kWh (up-front incentive)
Large commercial solar water heating and solar HVAC systems: performance-based incentive
Residential and small commercial geothermal heat pumps: $500 per ton
Grid-tied wind (less than 1 MW): $1.25/W
Solar Daylighting: $0.18/kWh estimated first year savings
Other renewables: performance-based incentive
'''''Note: The Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC) is in the process of modifying some elements of this program. When the ACC issues their final order it is expected that the up-front incentive for residential and commercial photovoltaics (PV) will be reduced to $0.10 per watt and the incentive for solar water heating will be reduced to $0.40 per equivalent kilowatt-hour (kWh). The summary below reflects the program as it was available in 2012. '''''
Through the Renewable Incentive Program, UniSource Energy Services (UES) offers customers who install various renewable energy sources the opportunity to sell the credits associated with the energy generated to UES. Previously, UES only provided incentives for solar technologies, but they expanded the list of qualified renewables in 2008 to include all technologies eligible for Arizona's [http://www.dsireusa.org/library/includes/incentive2.cfm?Incentive_Code=A... Renewable Energy Standard (RES)]. The solar technologies eligible for a rebate include photovoltaic (PV), solar hot water, solar HVAC and solar daylighting systems. Up-front incentives for PV may be de-rated based on expected performance. As of May 15, 2012, renewable energy systems are eligible for the following credit amounts:
* '''Residential photovoltaics (PV):''' Funding has been depleted for 2012
* '''Non-residential PV (up to 70 kW-AC):'''Funding has been depleted for 2012
* '''Non-residential PV (greater than 70 kW-AC):''' Production-based incentive (PBI) on a 10, 15 or 20 year contract.
* '''Residential solar water heating and space heating systems:''' $0.50/kWh (up-front incentive), up to $1,750
* '''Small commercial solar water heating and space heating systems:''' $0.50/kWh (up-front incentive), up to $200,000
* '''Large commercial solar water heating systems: '''Performance-based incentive
* '''Solar space cooling systems (non-residential only):''' The incentive for the thermal energy delivered for cooling by a solar HVAC system is based on actual performance and ranges between $0.104/kWh-equivalent and $0.116.kWh equivalent. In addition, systems that incorporate solar thermal heating and/or solar thermal water heating are eligible for the large solar water heating PBI.
* '''Grid tied residential and commercial wind (less than 1 MW):''' $1.25/W
* '''Solar Daylighting (non-residential only):''' $0.18/kWh anticipated first year savings.
* '''Other renewables''' installed by non-residential customers can apply to receive a PBI.
Funds are assigned through a reservation process. All necessary forms can be downloaded from the program website.
UES is purchasing solar credits and renewable energy certificates to help the company meet the state's Renewable Energy Standard (RES). Participating customers receive a one-time rebate or receive an incentive based on system output or kWh savings. UES will have access to the credits for the life of the RES program.
SWH systems must be certified to SRCC OG-300 standards
Large solar water heaters and other solar thermal applications must use panels with SRCC OG-100 certification or laboratory documentation showing the panel energy output under controlled and replicable test conditions.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- About the College
- Faculty & Staff
- Undergraduate Programs
- Graduate Program
- Academic Advising
- Admissions & Scholarships
- Director of Advancement
- Jobs, Co-ops & Internships
- News and Announcements
- CAEST Merchandise Store
- CAEST Student Reference Web Site
- 中文版-Chinese Version
Director of Advancement
A large part of our mission in the College of Applied Engineering, Sustainability and Technology is to work in synergy with government and industry to share ideas, solutions, and innovations. We are extremely fortunate to enjoy a working relationship with many industrial and commercial partners who recognize the vast contributions we can make to the general welfare for our future leaders and appropriate areas of research.
As Director of Advancement for CAEST, I have had three goals for my tenure in this position. One is the engagement and involvement of our alumni base to our mutual betterment, the second is cultivation of corporate partners who share common interests and who provide input on appropriate curricular changes to keep in step with the dynamics of corporate job functions, and the third is to raise the profile of our college so that its goal and mission is well known both regionally and nationally.
This college, while maintaining its core values of industrial technology is leaping into the future with new industry driven programs in aerospace engineering, mechatronics, formal innovation curriculum, sustainable technology, liquid crystal engineering, and computer engineering technology.
This is in addition to our highly rated aeronautics program featuring flight technology, air traffic control, airport management, aviation dispatch, and more. It is my pleasure to cultivate partnerships which aid both the company and the college while engaging loyal alumni along the way.
If you would like to join our team, please feel free to contact me and we will jointly explore ways that you can engage in the college through volunteering time such as speaking to an appropriate class, scholarships and donations for research, and input to make us better. Please join with us as we make the college better in every way to best serve our student body and our region and state.
Benefits of partnership include:
- Applying for federal, state and local government grants and/or projects (e.g., SBIR)
- Providing consulting services
- Access to research
- Training for employees
- Preparing students for careers in industry
- Giving back to the community


text:
This is the time of year for spreading good cheer, so don't be a grinch! Take some time to make this season bright for others! Decorate, spend time together and share new experiences.
Decorate your home.
Decorating never needs to be extravagant.
A simple wreath made of red berries turns hum drum into festive.
Try one on your front door this year to bring good cheer to all your neighbors!
Gingerbread houses come in all shapes and sizes. You can even make one of graham crackers and school glue. Then decorate it with candy.
If you have the time - design one that looks just like your house.
Take a picture and use it as your Christmas card this year. "From our cabin to yours..."
Harvest your own tree this year.
I know, it sounds a little overzealous.
But sharing experiences like this will connect your family in ways you never dreamed.
Try it once. You may start a new tradition!
Spend time playing with children this year.
A simple project will do.
Decorating cookies or making gingerbread ornaments will light up their holiday and bring real celebration into your life as well!
Here is a simple recipe for making Simple Cinnamon Scented Shapes for your Christmas tree.
1 Cup Cinnamon (Additional Spices may be added as desired)
1 Cup Apple Sauce
1 tsp. Craft Glue
Cookie Cutters
Flat Tray or or Board
Pretty Ribbon or String
Glitter Glue (if desired)
Mix Cinnamon, Applesauce and Glue (add more Cinnamon if the dough is too wet).
Roll dough to 1/4 inch.
Use Cookie Cutters to create ornament shapes.
Use Toothpick to create a hole at the top for hanging.
Allow to dry (may take a day or two, so place them out of the way)
Thread hole with Ribbon.
Add a little Glitter Glue for a finishing touch.
These are pretty and smell delightful all season long. Enjoy!


text:
I was in need of some pink amongst my household full of BOYS! So, this baby quilt was born with these adorable fabrics. Most of the fabrics are from the Hunky Dory line by Chez Moi, but there's also some Nicey Jane, Ginger Blossom and Farmers Market in there too. The fabrics all blend so nicely together, I love it when the colors from different manufacturers match perfectly together! It makes my matchy matchy heart happy.
The blocks are 7 inches finished and I've included the dimensions below if you want to make this quilt yourself. The finished quilt with 5 blocks by 6 blocks ends up about 33" x 39.5".
You can find Hunky Dory, Nicey Jane and MUCH more at fabricworm.com ( I warned you…and your wallet).


text:
Across the board local businesses are hurting from the recession, but perhaps local non-profit organizations are feeling the impact more acutely. With the government contributing very little to their budgets, many local organizations are primarily funded by individual donors or corporations. Kristina Lange, of the Animal Rescue Fund of the Hamptons, said that although the volume of donations has remained the same, the amount donated has substantially declined. Bay Street Theatre, which relies on a combination of donations and grants, recently learned that grant money they were expecting from the New York State Council on the Arts had been put on hold, as Governor Paterson cuts down the state budget. Both ARF and Bay Street Theatre reduced their annual operating budgets by six and fifteen percent, respectively.
Although Fighting Chance, a free-of-charge counseling and resource center for East End cancer patients, has a 'rainy day fund' of $80,000, they have trimmed their budget, instead of tapping into these funds. The organization cut their expenses, primarily by reducing their advertising expenditure, and is operating on an "austerity budget for 2009," said Duncan Darrow, founder of Fighting Chance.
Anticipating a shortfall in donations, many local non-profit organizations also trimmed their already lean budgets for this year. Kristina Lange reported that ARF implemented a hiring freeze, and subsequently reorganized their staff.
In addition, the non-profit cut down on community programs. Last year, ARF offered spay and neutering clinics for pet owners, as well as pet micro-chipping. These programs were cut from the budget.
Even with these setbacks ARF was still able to provide their key services, like a dog agility and obedience school, pet therapy, a pet bereavement support group and, of course, their kennel for animals up for adoption.
Despite the fact that ARF reduced their programs, Bay Street Theatre found ways to increase their programming without breaking the bank. On inauguration day the theater's doors were open to the public for a free screening of the day's festivities. The theater will televise the Oscar celebrations on Sunday, February 22, which will also be free to the public. During these screenings, Bay Street operates a concession stand, which helps defray the cost of keeping the theater open.
"For us to put on a full blown Equity show is outrageously expensive," said general manager Tracey Mitchell. "We recognize that people don't have a lot of cash. This is one way we can provide something free to the community."
The new programs at Bay Street include a children's theater camp, "Cabaret at the Bay" evenings and "Saturday Morning Picture Show" screenings of classic family films. The children's theater camp will run in accordance with the school breaks during February and April. Mitchell said the camp was created to lend a helping hand to working parents.
As the economy continues to take a downturn, almost every local non-profit organization has noticed an increase in community demand for their services. ARF reported a 26 percent increase in pet adoption from 2007 to 2008, as nearly 731 dogs and cats were adopted last year.
"I attribute this in part to people finding comfort in animals. It feels good to rescue an animal from a shelter," said Lange. ARF is noticing higher rates of pet abandonment and the non-profit is also housing more puppies than usually.
Darrow, founder of Fighting Chance, said that nearly half of the cancer patients on the East End contact the organization.
"Patients are now looking at the stress of a cancer diagnosis, coupled with the stress of surviving the recession," said Darrow. "Most of these people are not highly affluent, and some of them are losing their jobs. Even in the best of times, chemotherapy and radiation treatments are stressful."
Darrow added that Fighting Chance has established various programs to help these people. The organization offers a "Help-at-Home" neighborhood fund, which awards cash grants of up to $500 for existing patients. Darrow said these funds are often used to repair the patient's car, since they often have to receive treatment once a day for a number of weeks. Fighting Chance also arranges for cancer patient transportation to treatment centers, with the help of Twin Forks Limo company.
These non-profit organizations remain an integral part of the community, but some non-profit staff wonder if they will be able to outlast the recession. Of ARF, Lange said "we have been around since 1974 and we have never felt anything like this."
Above: Sag Harbor resident Carol Wesnofsky with Richu, a Peckinese she adopted last year at the Animal Rescue Fund of the Hamptons.Â


text:
the Susquehanna Bank Center in Camden, NJ [2]
A Tapestry of Entertainment to Drape the Stage of Camden
Camden NJ—Whether you live in the Garden State, or you are in a neighboring territory, the Susquehanna Bank Center in Camden, NJ [2] is a venue that brings a wealth of entertainment possibilities. Camden draws music artists from all genres and therefore offers entertainment options to an expansive group of music lovers.
Not only does the Susquehanna Bank Center draw everyone from rock to country, it also attracts artists who embody multiple genres and influences, and therefore provide for the perfect "date night" or evening event for couples that normally have major disagreements when it comes to musical taste.
For example Mumford & Sons [3], who will be performing February 16 and 17, is an English folk rock band that emerged from West London in 2007. Rock, country and bluegrass music lovers have claimed Mumford & Sons as an instant favorite, as have the hipsters who pride themselves on liking the more "unique". 2010 was the year in which the band's popularity soared. In December of that year they made their first US television appearance and received 2 Grammy nominations, one for Best Rock Song and the other for Best New Artist. Their live performance from the awards show further propelled their popularity.
Mumford & Sons then went on to win the ARIA Music Award for most Popular International artist and won a Brit Award in 2011 for Best British Album. They also sealed a European Border Breakers Award for their great international success.
Music lovers who enjoy rock, bluegrass, folk music and avant-garde artistry that doesn't simply surface all too often, will not want to miss out on one of these two upcoming performances.
If you spent your high school days in flannel and rocked out to grunge you will not want to miss out on Soundgarden and Alice in Chains who will be rocking the roof off on May 18. And just to sweeten the musical pot Cheap Trick is on the ticket. Although Alice in Chains front man Layne Staley died of an overdose in 2002, new lead singer William DuVall carries on the rich harmonious blend of vocals with guitar. And Soundgarden front man Chris Cornell hasn't lost a beat, as he still delivers with the same ferocity we heard from the Badmotorfinger days. The addition of classic Cheap Trick at its finest to this touring trio will prove to mix this concert up and offer energy from all angles.
If you are a country music lover and you find yourself shaking your head then smile because May 16 offers the Country Megaticket in which Tim McGraw, Keith Urban, Luke Bryan, Blake Shelton, and Jason Aldean & Miranda Lambert will twang away on the stage. And if you can't make it to the venue on that day, fear not for the show's headliner Tim McGraw will be making another round the following day.
Thanks to the amazing promotional efforts of the Susquehanna Bank Center, Camden, NJ is contending with venues like Madison Square Garden where big name artists please their fans and wide entertainment varieties continue to come on and off the stage to offer local music lovers new, fresh options all year long.
[1] http://www.times-online.com/sites/default/files/5052_1.jpg
[2] http://www.abctickets.com/venues/nj/camden/susquehanna-bank-center.html
[3] http://www.mumfordandsons.com/


text:
Broccolee wrote:Since then the girls are rather wary of dragonflies.
They really shouldn't be,if anything they are only after the gnats/mosquitos about to bite you!
From the description and your location i suspect it to be a Große Königslibelle (Anax imperator/Emperor).
And as it's designation Große(=great/big)already states it is big.
In our neck of the woods it is indeed one of the if not the biggest around(although 11cms seems to be the max. ).
The males are more blue,like this one :
The only other suspects for me would be a Southern Hawker/Blue Darner (Aeshna cyanea),just a bit smaller than the Emperor :
or a Migrant Hawker (Aeshna mixta),even a tiny bit smaller still,but much more prolific :
The weather is turning nasty here,so the dragon- and damselfly season has come to an end i highly suspect.
So i'll be turning more to the skies for the next months,for shots like this :
My first European Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus)...


text:
Grid List
Three-in-One ParkaITEM: 2089 Our three quarter water-resistant polyester parka converts into 3 separate pieces. Wear the outer shell with its faux fur trimmed hood, wear the detachable nylon inner coat on warmer days, or combine the two for those snowbound winters. An unbelievable fantastic price!Learn More
Regular Price: $125.00
Special Price $50.00
Three-in-one active jacketITEM: 2091 It's three jackets in one! Wear the polyester outer shell, wear the detachable fleece jacket, or put them together for colder days. Lighter weight to allow you move around easily.Learn More
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In the past I have worked with designers, BAs and project managers, all who regularly produce project artifacts, yet very really do they understand the concept of versioning. When I try to explain it to them (even in its most simple form of mulitple differently named files) they seem to have some kind of mental block. Why do you think this is?
This is because the human has difficulties projecting himself in time.
Use the time machine analogy. Your life is versionned. Every day you have a new version of your life: new things and lost things. Hopefully more assets, less debts,... but more fat, less hairs, ... hopefully more knowledge, less doubts, ....
Then you will have to explain branching ;) And there you hope they are fans of Fringe ;)
You can use the book analogy.
When you write a book, you first write a draft version. Then you read it, make some changes and reread it. Until you give it to somebody else to read. And of course they have remarks too.
Each change makes a new version. And although you normally use the latest version, sometimes, you regret a change and want to rollback. Possibly the whole book, possibly a single chapter. Versioning gives you this opportunity.
Then the subject of branching.
The book is almost finished, and it needs to be translated into French. So you make a copy of the book and send it to the translator. In the meantime, you make some changes to the original book. Some of them are added to the French translation and others never make it there.
Because, in the non-programming world, to change a competed product is very hard. Intentional changes, which are thought through, are not easy—take buildings, for example. And once the changes are made, it's hard to "revert" to previous version.
Contrary to that, changing software is very easy (easier than even other media products; say, a movie) , and "checkout an older version" is a common task in the software world.
Thus, the notion of versioning contradicts out everyday experience, which usually confirms that only one, current version of a thing exists (for software it's not true). That's why it's hard.
In my experience they catch on pretty quickly.
Version 1.0 - We sell for money.
Version 1.1 - Small enhancements for some customers: we sell for a smaller amount of money.
Version 2.0 - Big improvements. We sell for lots of money.
Version 2.1 - Small enhancements for some customers: we se... "Wait a minute" says PM/BA "Rename that to 2.5 and we'll charge 5x as much". No amount of discussion from engineering will convince them otherwise.
You mention that even simple document versioning is giving people difficulties, so maybe you're not explaining it well, or your team are not that bright.
Our developers use git on the commandline for versioning, and once they're up the learning curve, they all cope fine with it. I haven't bothered trying to explain git to non-technical staff because with them there is much less direct collaboration on individual documents - for this stuff we use DropBox, and I've not seen anyone struggle yet.
They need to be aware of various 'doomsday' scenarios. Computer, server, hard drive, whatever, breaks, isn't it great to have a backup? If you can't get them to agree on this concept, you can't move on.
Now, what if they were asked to make a presentation, but on the third page, the client would like to see it with and without the graph. What would you do? Make a second copy with the changes. If they told you they didn't want the graph, would you throw away the 'version' with the graph? Probably not because you never know. If you can't get them to agree on this concept, you can't move on.
Have you ever sent a file for review only to have the person change it? Did you keep your version? Did you have to give the file you sent them a different name because you know when they make changes it is too difficult to tell the difference or save them in the same folder? And aren't these names getting long? If you can't get them to agree on this concept, you can't move on.
Wouldn't it be nice if we has something that would just keep track of all of this for us? No more sending email attachments. No more wondering which one did the Boss make that change on, but I made another change and now we can't get them together. No more long file names trying to explain which 'version' we are on. If you can't get them to agree on this concept, you'll just havce to move on.
I've found that engineers (elec/mech etc) don't start out understanding configuration management, but grow into it ( or drive everyone crazy.)
Software developers might understand versioning.
Non-technical people in general understand nothing from this space. It's technical.
It's part of engineering discipline that they've never had to learn.
An they can choose not to. So plenty of them will.
The only solution is to work somewhere that has management support for a disciplined process. CMMI level 2 compliance is 400% more productive in time and money but people avoid it.
Do you mean versioning or branching/merging?
I think it is pretty straightforward to understand versioning. "We saved the version from Tuesday. Then we did more work. Now it is Wednesday. We can go back to Tuesday's version."
Branching and merging is much harder to explain. "Well, Bob made changes in 1.1 that conflicted with Alice's view of 1.1 and submitted first, so 1.2 has Bob's changes, but 1.3 has Alice's changes too except some of Bob's got integrated later, so..."
Well, Alice writes a blah. Then Bob gets the blah and makes some edits, and Carol gets the blah and makes some edits. These are versions. Then Dan comes in and tells Alice to make a bunch of changes. This is another version. The next day, Dan comes back and says that everything he said yesterday was a lie, and that management wants Carols version of the blah from Tuesday. Having Carols version and being able to find it easily is called version control.
My guess is that most people have a number of things to care about, so versioning doesn't make it to the top of their list. It's like insurance, the payback is of low probability and it's not free.
For the project artifacts that you outline, if there is only one person involved (e.g. a BA's document describing a calculation), they may quite reasonably assess the payback of keeping old versions to be zero.
Requiring more careful versioning of these kinds of things may introduce a hostile element into a project's atmosphere, as the reasons for doing it may be kind of adversarial, i.e. people are expecting to have arguments about old vs. new versions, so they want the old versions to be available as proof.


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By Claire Walla
In an attempt to trim costs in the Town of Southampton for the upcoming fiscal year, Supervisor Anna Throne-Holst introduced a number of cost-saving measures in her $80.3 million Tentative 2012 Budget to achieve what she hails as a zero percent tax levy increase. But these cuts won't come without layoffs and reorganization — two topics of major concern for some within the town.
At a public Budget Hearing on Tuesday, October 25, members of the Southampton Town Superior Officers' Organization (SOA), which oversees the police department, and employees of the town's Human Services Department flocked to the microphone to voice disapproval over the supervisor's proposed cost-saving measures.
"No member of the SOA should involuntarily be terminated," said SOA's attorney Michael McClellan.
Under the supervisor's budget, eight superior police officers would be forced to retire, garnering the town a savings of $1.7 million. The layoffs are in keeping with a provision adopted in 1971 that allows the town to force into retirement those officers who have been with the force for at least 20 years. It has never been invoked before.
However, McClellan — who referred to the provision as "ancient, arbitrary, capricious and in our minds discriminatory" — urged the town to work with members of the SOA to solve the town's budgetary woes without sacrificing senior officers.
"That has been my position from the very beginning," Throne-Holst informed the room.
"I was hoping that we would not have to resort to anything like this," she added. "But, having to find $5.1 million of cuts … this was a way to get there that would affect the least number of officers."
To that end, Councilwoman Nancy Graboski added that while she supports the effort to trim costs within the town's police force, she doesn't support the method currently detailed in the supervisor's budget.
"The town board has in the past spoken about how we are carrying officers at a high level of pay and that we need to begin to look at that and come up with a plan to systematically see that they retire," said Graboski.
Throne-Holst added that she and members of the SOA will hold a meeting this Friday in an attempt to revisit the issue. As for other proposed cost-savings alternatives, the supervisor said "I am all ears."
However, Throne-Holst is sticking with her proposed plan to break-up the town's existing Human Services Department and fold Youth Services into Parks and Recreation. This move is nothing new — the supervisor actually pushed for a similar plan (unsuccessfully) with last year's proposed budget. This year therefore marks the second time human services personnel are fighting to keep their department intact.
Members of the youth services division — including assistant director Tracy Kolsin and youth counselor Karen Hurst — argued with the logic of combining the two departments.
"With this move you're taking the youth development from the Youth Bureau," Kolsin said. He added that "It will only cost the town more in the long run by putting a burden on other departments."
He, Hurst and a handful of other Southampton Town residents also called for the town board to recreate a space in the budget for Youth Bureau Director Nancy Lynott.
"The Youth Bureau was started by Nancy and it [is what it is today] because of her," Hurst said. "By cutting her, you are cutting one quarter of our staff, which will ultimately lead us to cut programs."
"I'm not proposing that the youth bureau be eliminated," Throne-Holst explained. She expects the youth bureau to perform the same functions it does now, only under the umbrella of a different department. In fact, she added that the model of joining youth services with recreation "is a healthy one."
The supervisor's tentative budget calls for 28 layoffs in total. And during Tuesday night's regularly scheduled town board meeting, the board adopted a resolution proposed by Councilman Chris Nuzzi to extend the town's hiring freeze another year. Only Councilwoman Bridget Fleming opposed.


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Water & Wastewater Companies in Mississippi
Business type: Technology ×
Category: Water & Wastewater ×
Industry: Energy - Bioenergy ×
Location: USA ×
Location: Mississippi ×
based in München, GERMANY
Clariant is an internationally active specialty chemical company, based in Muttenz near Basel. The group owns over 100 companies worldwide and employed 21 202 employees at the end of 2012. In the financial year 2012, Clariant produced a turnover of CHF 6 billion. Clariant is divided into seven business units: Additives; Catalysts; Function Minerals, Industrial & Consumer ...
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based in St. Joseph, MICHIGAN (USA)
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pip wrote:I expected Priest to be awful but to me it seemd like a better version of Judge Dredd with Vampires . Its a win win situation.
Sucker Punch was pure weird . Story was crazy but oddly worked. The special effects were absolutely amazing and the fight scenes were screwed up yet brilliant.
Visually spectacular and extremely surreal. I enjoyed it.
Don't know with Hanna . It was enjoyable but i wouldn't see it as a stand out movie
I'll try and check Priest out then, in a loony double bill with Legion probs...
Fav fight scene in Sucker Punch? Mine is without a doubt the train scene, though I love the way they score the giant samurai bit to Bjork.


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text:
Is this the car charger for the iphone 5 ??
The description reads as follows:
Just wireless thin Car Charger for ios Devices???
Need one so bad!!
- Asked by Ann R
Just Wireless Thin Car Charger for iOS Devices
Product No Longer Available
1 Answer from the Community
Best Answer:
If you use the IPhone 5 charging cable that came with your phone, this charger can charge the IPhone 5.
- Answered by Isaac D from Brooklyn


text:
Corporate membership
ALSC invites businesses large and small to support the highest quality library service for youth by becoming a corporate member of ALSC. Membership with ALSC means that your company is keeping up-to-date in the latest emerging trends in children's library service, staying connected to libraries across the country as well as showing public support for library service for youth.
ALSC offers a wide array of involvement opportunities for corporate members and recognizes them for their commitment to library service to children. Benefits of being an ALSC corporate member include:
Identify your company as an ALSC supporter at events and conferences with your Corporate Member ribbon.
Receive access to ALSC discussion forums, social media networks, and electronic discussion lists.
Receive all the benefits of ALA Corporate Membership including discounted membership list rental and preferred exhibit booth space at ALA conferences (varies by membership level).*
Stay on top of the latest emerging trends with a subscription to Children and Libraries: The Journal of the Association for Library Service to Children, published four times per year.
Access ALSC Matters!, ALSC's official, electronic member newsletter, and read about ALSC activities, member news, and happenings in libraries around the country.
Corporate members are acknowledged once a year in the December issue of ALSC Matters! with their logo and a link to their website.
Corporate members are acknowledged every year in the ALSC Annual Report.
Membership dues
Corporate membership in ALSC is $55.
Price does not include the cost of ALA membership
Join ALSC
To become an ALSC member on line, please visit ALA membership.
* To become an ALSC corporate member businesses must first hold an ALA Corporate Membership. To become an ALSC member on line, please visit ALA membership.
More information
To learn more about joining ALA and ALSC, please contact Dan Bostrom or (312) 280-2164.
Donate today and become a friend of ALSC.


text:
Embroidered Safari Infant Set
Elephants and camels and giraffes, oh my! A sweet menagerie of embroidered safari animals parades across our soft cotton essentials.
- Sewn from pure cotton, exclusive of decoration
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- Set includes footed one-piece, hat and swaddle blanket
- Newborn size (0-3 months) footed one-piece has fold-over cuffs
- Made in Turkey
- Machine wash
- In white
- Size: 0-3 mos., 3-6 mos. and 6-12 mos.
- View size chart


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Sending links of albums and images
You can send links of specific photos or albums to anyone you want, via email or IM. Follow the steps below on how to share images and albums.
Link for an individual imageIf you want to share one photo in an unlisted album, don't copy the URL line in your browser. This will give the recipient access to the whole album. Instead, do this:
- On the My Photos page, click your album.
- Click the individual photo you'd like to link to.
- Copy the URL (Ctrl-C) located in the 'Link' field on the right-hand side.
- Paste the URL in an email or IM (Ctrl-V).
Sharing only one photo within an album
If you want to share just one photo, use the link provided by the 'Paste Link in email or IM' field. Viewers who click on the link you copied from your browser's address bar will be able to see the other photos in the album, even if your album is unlisted.
Link for an entire album
- On the My Photos page, click your album.
- Click Link to this album on the right-hand side.
- Copy the URL (Ctrl-C) contained in the 'Paste Link in email or IM' field. You can also copy the album URL in your browser's address bar.
- Paste the URL in an email or IM (Ctrl-V).
Link information is unavailable for albums set to 'Sign-in Required to View.' Remove the sign-in requirement first if you want to share by sending a link of your album or image.


text:
Originally written on Football Nation | Last updated 4/3/13
"With the 173rd pick in the 2012 NFL Draft, the Washington Redskins select Alfred Morris, running back from Florida Atlantic."It's one of those late draft choices that few fans notice.1,613 rushing yards, 13 rushing touchdowns, and 259 fantasy points later, few NFL fans DON'T know who Alfred Morris is.It's one of those late-round home runs that GMs and scouts dream about.Some team is going to take a chance on Marcus Lattimore despite his leg turning to rubber while playing against Tennessee, hoping to hit one of those home runs.However, Lattimore is not an Alfred Morris. Lattimore is a known elite athlete who has terrible luck with his knees.An Alfred Morris is a small school player who only the most hardcore college football fans (or fans of the specific small school) will have a chance of hearing about. An Alfred Morris must be picked on day three of the NFL Draft (that's rounds four, five, six, and seven).So with this in mind, let's walk together down Anonymous Lane and see what ...
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Events Calendar
May 2013
Utah State Paintball Event
Saturday, May 04 - 8:00AM to 12:00PM
The Utah State Paintball Club is having a paintball event on May 4, 2013, starting at 8 a.m. The field is sponsored by Team Basic with paint and air being sponsored by Man Cave Hobbies. Location: 2000 W 4600 N Smithfield, UT 84335; Time: 8 a.m.-noon; Cost: Free! Bring your own paint and equipment (Valken paint preferred). Play at your own risk. Limited HPA fills will be available on site. Valken paint will be available to purchase. Come bring your friends and play on an awesome speedball course right here in Cache Valley! This is the best paintball available in the Logan area! For all questions, please message or post on the Facebook event page or the USU Paintball Club Group page: facebook.com/groups/USUPaintballClub.
Open To:
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Utah State Paintball Club


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Doctor Death Audiobook - #3 The Shriveling Murders - 6 hours [Audio CDs] #RA431
6 hours - Audio CD Set
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Will Murray's Pulp Classics #24
Doctor Death Audiobook
#3 The Shriveling Murders
Harold Ward, under the pseudonym of Zorro
Read by Joey D'Auria. Liner Notes by Will Murray
Doctor Death and his Zombie army return for a new stab at conquering the civilized world. This time, he sets out to shrink of the size of government in Washington, D.C.—one politician at a time!
The horror commences when a box no bigger than a Christmas package arrives at the White House. Inside, lies the grisly corpse of the Vice President of the United States—gruesomely reduced to tiny size! With it, a chilling note:
Abdicate. Turn the nation over to me. Make no move against me or he who is next to you will share a like fate.
— Doctor Death
In the Oval office, with the U. S. President and Jimmy Holm, head of the Secret Twelve, looking on in horror, the Secretary of State begins to shrink to the size of a doll…
So begins
The Shriveling Murders,
Harold Ward's manic third entry in Dell's Doctor Death series. This one has it all. Zombies. Doom rays. More Zombies. Poisoned postage stamps. Wholesale slaughter. Zombies galore! Doctor Death pulls out all the stops in this one!
The Shriveling Murders
was published in the third and final issue of Dell's
Doctor Death
magazine back in 1935.
Narrated with manic intensity by
Joey D'Auria,
The Shriveling Murders
takes the reader from the nation's capital to the sinister swamps of the South on a roller coaster ride through over-the-top terror.
#3 The Shriveling Murders
Harold Ward, under the pseudonym of Zorro
Chapter 1: Doll-sized Death
Chapter 2: Death by Shrinking
Chapter 3: Island of the Doomed
Chapter 4: Blood-Sucking Science
Chapter 5: Sacrifice to the Devil
Chapter 6: Clutch of the Swamp
Chapter 7: Journey of Horror
Chapter 8: Lust for Pain
Chapter 9: Petrifying Ray Attack
Chapter 10: Repulsion Ray Attack
Chapter 11: Scourge of the Walking Dead
Chapter 12: Hurricane of Horrors
Chapter 13: "Chop Him Limb from Limb!"
Chapter 14: Cadaver Resists
Chapter 15: Nation Undermined
Chapter 16: Death's Ultimatum
Chapter 17: Torture Pit
Chapter 18: "Mine to Kill!"
Chapter 19: Lunatic Saturnalia
Chapter 20: Clew to Horror
Chapter 21: Hell's Mouth Invaded
Chapter 22: Prayer to the Devil
Doctor Death outdoes himself in this one! Shrinking the size of government, one politician at a time!
Will Murray is the Series Producer for Will Murray's Pulp Classics line of Pulp Audiobooks and Pulp eBooks. Will is the author of over 50 novels in popular series ranging from
The Destroyer
Mars Attacks
. Collaborating posthumously with the legendary Lester Dent, he has written to date twelve Doc Savage novels, with
Skull Island, Death's Dark Domain, Desert Demons, Horror in Gold
, and
The Infernal Buddha
now available. For National Public Radio, Murray adapted
The Thousand-Headed Man
The Adventures of Doc Savage
in 1985, and recently edited
Doc Savage: The Lost Radio Scripts of Lester Dent
for Moonstone Books. He is versed in all things pulp.
You just can't keep a good villain down. Old Doc Death seems to have more lives than a cat. . . and this story doesn't disappoint. I hope you enjoy it as much as I did.
Joey D'Auria
is a popular Hollywood voice over actor whose work includes characters for animated cartoons, video games and looping. However, he is best known to Chicago audiences as WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown from 1984 to 2001. During these years, Mr. D'Auria also worked in stage productions and in TV and radio commercials. Returning to Hollywood in 2002 he was the voice for Commissioner Spinklestarber for the anime series
. In Great Britain, in 2003 he was the principal writer and show coordinator on
Star Trek The Experence
for See Entertainment in Hyde Park, London.
After that project, Joey worked as head writer and occasional voice talent for
Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures
on PBS. He also supplied assorted voices for Universal/Imagine's
Curious George The Movie
, and as the voice of General Alister Azimuth for Insomniac Games,
Ratchet & Clank Future - A Crack in Time.
You will be able to hear him in the new animated film,
War of the Worlds: Goliath
for Tripod Entertainment.
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Austria (Österreich) officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The capital is the city of Vienna on the Danube River.
The origins of Austria date back to the ninth century, when the territory of Upper and Lower Austria became increasingly populated. The name "Ostarrichi" is first documented in an official document from 996. Since then this word has developed into the Österreich.
Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states and is one of six European countries that have declared permanent neutrality and one of the few countries that includes the concept of everlasting neutrality in its constitution. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995.
The current official designation is the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich). It was originally known after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1918 as the Republic of German Austria (Republik Deutschösterreich) , but the state was forced to change its name to "Republic of Austria" in 1919 by the Treaty of Saint-Germain. The name was changed again during the Austro-fascist regime (1934–1938) , into Federal State of Austria (Bundesstaat Österreich) , but restored after regaining independence and the birth of the Second Austrian Republic (1955 – present).
During the period of monarchy, Austria was known as the Austrian Empire (Kaisertum Österreich) ; however no official designation existed since the empire was strongly multiethnic. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the empire became known as Austria-Hungary reflecting the dual monarchy character.
The first record showing the name Austria is from 996 where it is written as Ostarrîchi, referring to the territory of the Babenberg March. In 1156 the Privilegium Minus elevated Austria to the status of a duchy. In 1192, the Babenbergs also acquired the Duchy of Styria. With the death of Frederick II in 1246, the line of the Babenbergs went extinct. As a result, Otakar II of Bohemia effectively assumed control of the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia. His reign came to an end with his defeat at Dürnkrut at the hands of Rudolf I of Germany in 1278. Thereafter, until World War I, Austria's history was largely that of its ruling dynasty, the Habsburgs.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Habsburgs began to accumulate other provinces in the vicinity of the Duchy of Austria. In 1438, Duke Albert V of Austria was chosen as the successor to his father-in-law, Emperor Sigismund. Although Albert himself only reigned for a year, from then on, every emperor of the Holy Roman Empire was a Habsburg, with only one exception.
The Habsburgs began also to accumulate lands far from the Hereditary Lands. In 1477, Archduke Maximilian, only son of Emperor Frederick III, married the heiress Maria of Burgundy, thus acquiring most of the Low Countries for the family. His son Philip the Fair married the heiress of Castile and Aragon, and thus acquired Spain and its Italian, African, and New World appendages for the Habsburgs. In 1526, following the Battle of Mohács, Bohemia and the part of Hungary not occupied by the Ottomans came under Austrian rule. Ottoman expansion into Hungary led to frequent conflicts between the two empires, particularly evident in the so-called Long War of 1593 to 1606.
During the long reign of Leopold I (1657–1705) and following the successful defense of Vienna in 1683 (under the command of the King of Poland, John III Sobieski), a series of campaigns resulted in bringing all of Hungary to Austrian control by the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699. Emperor Charles VI relinquished many of the fairly impressive gains the empire made in the previous years, largely due to his apprehensions at the imminent extinction of the House of Habsburg. Charles was willing to offer concrete advantages in territory and authority in exchange for other powers' worthless recognitions of the Pragmatic Sanction that made his daughter Maria Theresa his heir. With the rise of Prussia the Austrian–Prussian dualism began in Germany. Austria participated, together with Prussia and Russia, in the first and the third of the three Partitions of Poland (in 1772 and 1795).
Austria later became engaged in a war with Revolutionary France - at the beginning highly unsuccessful - with successive defeats at the hands of Napoleon meaning the end of the old Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Two years earlier, in 1804, the Empire of Austria was founded. In 1814 Austria was part of the Allied forces that invaded France and brought to an end the Napoleonic wars. It thus emerged from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as one of four of the continent's dominant powers. The same year, the German Confederation, (Deutscher Bund) was founded under the presidency of Austria. Because of unsolved social, political and national conflicts the German lands where shaken by the 1848 revolution aiming to create a unified Germany. A unified Germany would have been possible either as a Greater Germany, or a Greater Austria or just the German Confederation without Austria at all. As Austria was not willing to relinquish its German-speaking territories to what would become the German Empire of 1848 the crown of the new formed empire was offered to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In 1864 Austria and Prussia fought together against Denmark, and successfully freed the independent duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. Nevertheless as they could not agree on a solution to the administration of the two duchies, they fought in 1866 the Austro-Prussian War. Defeated by Prussia in the Battle of Königgrätz, Austria had to leave the German Confederation and subsequently no longer took part in German politics.
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Ausgleich, provided for a dual sovereignty, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, under Franz Joseph I. The Austrian-Hungarian rule of this diverse empire included various Slav groups such as Poles, Ukrainians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Serbs and Croats, as well as large Italian and Romanian communities. As a result, ruling Austria-Hungary became increasingly difficult in an age of emerging nationalist movements. Yet the central government tried its best to be accommodating in some respects; minorities were entitled to schools in their own language, for example. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 by Gavrilo Princip (a member of the Serbian nationalist group the Black Hand) was the immediate cause for the outbreak of World War I, leading to the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Empire was broken up according to the Treaty of Saint-Germain) and the remaining subordinate territories became independent states. However, over 3 million German Austrians found themselves living outside of the newborn Austrian Republic in the respective states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Italy. Between 1918 and 1919, Austria was officially known as the Republic of German Austria (Republik Deutschösterreich). Not only did the Entente powers forbid German Austria to unite with Germany, they also forbade the name; it was therefore changed to the Republic of Austria. The monarchy was dissolved in 1919 and a parliamentary democracy was set up under the constitution of 10 November 1920.
In the autumn of 1922, Austria was granted an international loan supervised by the League of Nations. The purpose of the loan was to avert bankruptcy, stabilize the currency, and improve its general economic condition. With the granting of the loan, Austria passed from an independent state to the control exercised by the League of Nations. The First Austrian Republic, lasted until 1933 when Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss dissolved parliament and established an autocratic regime tending towards Italian fascism. The two big parties at this time — the Social Democrats and the Conservatives — had paramilitary armies, which fought each other as civil war broke out.
In February 1934, several members of the Schutzbund were executed, the Social Democratic party was outlawed and many of its members were imprisoned or emigrated. In May of that year the Fascists introduced a new constitution ("Maiverfassung") which cemented Dollfuss's power but on 25 July he was assassinated in a Nazi coup attempt. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg, struggled to keep Austria independent, but on 12 March 1938 German troops occupied the country and established a plebiscite confirming union with Germany. Hitler a native of Austria proclaimed the annexation (Anschluss) of Austria by Germany. Austria was incorporated into the Third Reich and ceased to exist as an independent state. The Nazis called Austria "Ostmark" until 1942 when it was again renamed and called "Alpen-Donau-Reichsgaue." Vienna fell on 13 April 1945 during the Soviet Vienna Offensive just before the total collapse of the Third Reich. Karl Renner astutely set up a Provisional Government in Vienna in April with the tacit approval of the victorious Soviet forces, and declared Austria's secession from the Third Reich.
Much like Germany, Austria, too, was divided into a British, a French, a Soviet and an American Zone and governed by the Allied Commission for Austria. Largely owing to Karl Renner's action on April 27th in setting up a Provisional Government, however, there was a subtle difference in the treatment of Austria by the Allies. The Austrian Government was recognized and tolerated by the Four Powers. Austria, in general, was treated as though it had been originally invaded by Germany and liberated by the Allies. On 15 May 1955 Austria regained full independence by concluding the Austrian State Treaty with the Four Occupying Powers. On 26 October 1955 Austria was declared "permanently neutral" by act of Parliament, which it remains to this day.
The political system of the Second Republic came to be characterized by the system of Proporz, meaning that most posts of some political importance were split evenly between members of the Social Democrats and the People's Party. Interest group representations with mandatory membership (e.g. for workers, businesspeople, farmers etc.) grew to considerable importance and were usually consulted in the legislative process, so that hardly any legislation was passed that did not reflect widespread consensus. The Proporz and consensus systems largely held even up to 1983.
The country became member of the European Union in 1995 and retained its constitutional neutrality, like some other EU members, such as Sweden. The major parties SPÖ and ÖVP have contrary opinions about the future status of Austria's military neutrality: While the SPÖ supports a neutral role, the ÖVP argues for stronger integration into the EU's security policy; even a future NATO membership is not ruled out by some ÖVP politicians. Since the "permanent neutrality" forms part of the Austrian constitution, a two-thirds majority in the Austrian parliament would be needed for such a change in policy.
The Parliament of Austria consists of two chambers. The composition of the Nationalrat is determined every five years by a general election in which every citizen over 16 years (since 2007) is allowed to vote to fill its 183 seats. A recent extension of that term from four to five years will become effective after the next election. While there is a general threshold of 4 percent for all parties at federal elections (Nationalratswahlen), there remains the possibility to gain a direct seat, or Direktmandat, in one of the 43 regional election districts. The Nationalrat is the dominant chamber in the formation of legislation in Austria. However, the upper house of parliament, the Bundesrat has a limited right of veto (the Nationalrat can — in almost all cases — ultimately pass the respective bill by voting a second time. This is referred to as 'Beharrungsbeschluss, lit. "vote of persistence"). A convention, called the Österreich -Konvent was convened in June 30, 2003 to decide upon suggestions to reform the constitution, but has failed to produce a proposal that would receive the two thirds of votes in the Nationalrat necessary for constitutional amendments and/or reform. However, some important parts of the final report were generally agreed upon and are still expected to be implemented.
In September 2002, the coalition between the People's Party and the Freedom Party dissolved after a shake-up in the Freedom Party. In November 2002, the People's Party made large gains in general elections again. After a lot of coalition talks with other parties, the People's Party again formed a government with the Freedom Party in February 2003 with Wolfgang Schüssel as Chancellor.
After general elections held in October 2006, the Social Democrats emerged as the largest party, whereas the People's Party lost about 8% in votes. Political realities prohibited any of the two major parties from forming a coalition with smaller parties. In January 2007 the People's Party and Social Democrats formed a Grand Coalition with the social democrat Alfred Gusenbauer as Chancellor.
The 1955 Austrian State Treaty ended the occupation of Austria following World War II and recognized Austria as an independent and sovereign state. In October 1955, the Federal Assembly passed a constitutional law in which "Austria declares of her own free will her perpetual neutrality." The second section of this law stated that "in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory." Since then, Austria has shaped its foreign policy on the basis of neutrality.
Austria began to reassess its definition of neutrality following the fall of the Soviet Union, granting overflight rights for the UN-sanctioned action against Iraq in 1991, and, since 1995, contemplating participation in the EU's evolving security structure. Also in 1995, it joined the Partnership for Peace and subsequently participated in peacekeeping missions in Bosnia.
Austria attaches great importance to participation in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and other international economic organizations, and it has played an active role in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Austria currently produces more than half of its electricity by hydropower. Together with other renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and biomass powerplants, the electricity supply from renewable energy amounts to nearly 80% of total use in Austria. The rest is produced by gas and oil powerplants.
The manpower of the Austrian Armed Forces ("Bundesheer") mainly relies on conscription. All males who have reached the age of eighteen and are found fit get recruited for a six months long military service, which can be postponed under some circumstances. Conscientious objection is legally possible and obliges to serve an institutionalized nine months civilian service instead. Since 1998, women volunteers have been allowed to become professional soldiers.
The main sectors of the Bundesheer are Joint Forces (Streitkräfteführungskommando, SKFüKdo) which consist of Land Forces (Landstreitkräfte) , Air Forces (Luftstreitkräfte) , International Missions (Internationale Einsätze) , and Special Forces (Spezialeinsatzkräfte) ; next to Mission Support (Kommando Einsatzunterstützung; KdoEU) and Command Support (Kommando Führungsunterstützung; KdoFüU). Being a landlocked country, Austria has no navy.
In 2004, Austria's defense expenditures corresponded to approximately 0.9% of its GDP. The Army currently has about 45,000 soldiers, of which about half are conscripts. As head of state, Austrian President (currently Heinz Fischer) is nominally the Commander-in-Chief of the Bundesheer. In practical reality, however, command of the Austrian Armed Forces is almost exclusively exercised by the Minister of Defense, currently Norbert Darabos.
Since the end of the Cold War, and more importantly the removal of the former heavily guarded "Iron Curtain" separating Austria and Hungary, the Austrian military has been assisting Austrian border guards in trying to prevent border crossings by illegal immigrants. This assistance came to an end when Hungary joined the EU Schengen area in 2008, for all intents and purposes abolishing "internal" border controls between treaty states. Some politicians have called for a prolongation of this mission, but the legality of this is heavily disputed. In accordance with the Austrian constitution, armed forces may only be deployed in a limited number of cases, mainly to defend the country and aid in cases of national emergencies, such as in the wake of natural disasters etc. They may generally not be used as auxiliary police forces.
Despite, or perhaps because of, its self-declared status of permanent neutrality, Austria has a long and proud tradition of engaging in UN-led peacekeeping and other humanitarian missions. The Austrian Forces Disaster Relief Unit (AFDRU) , in particular, an all-volunteer unit with close ties to civilian specialists (rescue dog handlers, etc) enjoys a reputation as a quick (standard deployment time is 10 hours) and efficient SAR unit. Currently, larger contingents of Austrian forces are deployed in Bosnia, Kosovo and, since 1974, in the Golan Heights.
Austria is a largely mountainous country due to its location in the Alps. The Central Eastern Alps, Northern Limestone Alps and Southern Limestone Alps are all partly in Austria. Of the total area of Austria (84 000 km² or 32,000 sq. mi) , only about a quarter can be considered low lying, and only 32% of the country is below 500 meters (1,640 ft). The high mountainous Alps in the west of Austria flatten somewhat into low lands and plains in the east of the country.
Austria can be divided into five areas. The biggest area are the Austrian Alps, which constitute 62% of Austria's total area. The Austrian foothills at the base of the Alps and the Carpathians account for around 12% of its area. The foothills in the east and areas surrounding the periphery of the Pannoni low country amount to about 12% of the total landmass. The second greater mountain area (much lower than the Alps) is situated in the north. Known as the Austrian granite plateau, it is located in the central area of the Bohemian Mass, and accounts for 10% of Austria. The Austrian portion of the Vienna basin comprises the remaining 4%.
Phytogeographically, Austria belongs to the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Austria can be subdivided into four ecoregions: the Central European mixed forests, Pannonian mixed forests, Alps conifer and mixed forests and Western European broadleaf forests.
The six highest mountains in Austria are:
|Height (m)
|Height (ft)
|Hohe Tauern
|Ötztal Alps
|Ötztal Alps
|Hohe Tauern
|Ötztal Alps
|Großes Wiesbachhorn
|Hohe Tauern
Austria is one of the 10 richest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita, has a well-developed social market economy, and a very high standard of living. Until the 1980s, many of Austria's largest industry firms were nationalised; in recent years, however, privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies. Labour movements are particularly strong in Austria and have large influence on labour politics. Next to a highly-developed industry, international tourism is the most important part of the national economy.
Germany has historically been the main trading partner of Austria, making it vulnerable to rapid changes in the German economy. But since Austria became a member state of the European Union it has gained closer ties to other European Union economies, reducing its economic dependence on Germany. In addition, membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to EU aspiring economies. Growth in GDP accelerated in recent years and reached 3.3% in 2006.
In Austria, the euro was introduced in 2002. As a preparation for this date, the minting of the new euro coins started as early as 1999, however all Austrian euro coins introduced in 2002 have this year on it; unlike other countries of the Eurozone where mint year is minted in the coin. Eight different designs, one per face value, was selected for the Austrian coins. In 2007, in order to adopt the new common map like the rest of the Eurozone countries, Austria changed the common side of their coins.
Austria has one of the richest collection of collectors' coins in the Eurozone, with face value ranging from 10 to 100 euro (although a 100,000 euro coin was exceptionally minted in 2004). These coins are a legacy of an old national practice of minting of silver and gold commemorative coins. Unlike normal issues, these coins are not legal tender in all the eurozone. For instance, a €5 Austrian commemorative coin cannot be used in any other country.
Primary education lasts for four years. Alongside Germany, secondary education includes two main types of schools based on a pupil's ability as determined by grades from the primary school: the Gymnasium for the more gifted children which normally leads to the Matura which is a requirement for access to universities and the Hauptschule which prepares pupils for vocational education but also for further education (HTL = institution of higher technical education; HAK = commercial academy; HBLA = institution of higher education for economic business; etc.), where you also get the Matura.
The Austrian university system had been open to any student who passed the Matura examination until recently. A 2006 bill allowed the introduction of entrance exams for studies such as Medicine. Currently all EU students are charged a fee of about €370 per semester for all university studies. A recent OECD report criticized the Austrian education system for the low number of students attending universities and the overall low number of academics compared to other OECD countries.
Austria's population estimate in October 2006 was 8,292,322. The population of the capital, Vienna, exceeds 1.6 million (2.2 million with suburbs) , representing about a quarter of the country's population and is known for its vast cultural offerings and high standard of living.
In contrast to the capital, other cities do not exceed 1 million inhabitants: the second largest city Graz is home to 250,099 inhabitants, followed by Linz (188,968), Salzburg (150,000), and Innsbruck (117,346). All other cities have fewer than 100,000 inhabitants.
German-speaking, by far the country's largest group, form roughly 90% of Austria's population. The Austrian federal states of Carinthia and Styria are home to a significant indigenous Slovene speaking minority with around 14,000 members (Austrian census; unofficial numbers of Slovene groups speak of up to 50,000). In the east-most Bundesland, Burgenland (formerly part of the Hungarian half of Austria-Hungary) about 20,000 Austrian citizens speak Hungarian and 30,000 speak Croatian. Of the remaining number of Austria's people that are of non-Austrian descent, many come from surrounding countries, especially from the former East Bloc nations. So-called guest workers (Gastarbeiter) and their descendants, as well as refugees from Yugoslav wars and other conflicts, also form an important minority group in Austria. Since 1994 the Roma-Sinti (gypsies) are an officially recognized ethnic minority in Austria.
According to census information published by Statistik Austria for the year 2001 there were a total of 710,926 foreign nationals living in Austria. Of these, 124,392 speak German as their mother tongue (mainly immigrants from Germany, some from Switzerland and Bolzano-Bozen (Italy).) The next largest populations of linguistic and ethnic groups are 240,863 foreign nationals from the former Yugoslavia (Serbian being the largest number of these at 135,376, followed by Croatian at 105,487); 123,417 Turkish nationals; 25,155 whose native tongue is English; 24,446 Albanian; 17,899 Polish; 14,699 Hungarian; 12,216 Romanian; 7,982 Arabs; 6,902 Slovenes (not including the autochthonous minority); 6,891 Slovaks; 6,707 Czech; 5,916 Persian; 5,677 Italian; 5,466 Russian; 5,213 French; 4,938 Chinese; 4,264 Spanish; 3,503 Bulgarian. The populations of the rest fall off sharply below 3,000.
The mother tongue of the population by prevalence, is German (88.6%) followed by Turkish (2.3%) , Serbian (2.2%) , Croatian (1.6%) , Hungarian (0.5%) and Bosnian (0.4%).
The official language, German, is spoken by almost all residents of the country. Austria's mountainous terrain led to the development of many distinct German dialects. All of the dialects in the country, however, belong to Austro-Bavarian groups of German dialects, with the exception of the dialect spoken in its western-most Bundesland, Vorarlberg, which belongs to the group of Alemannic dialects. There is also a distinct grammatical standard for Austrian German with a few differences to the German spoken in Germany.
As of 2006, some of the Austrian states introduced standardised tests for new citizens, to assure their language ability, cultural knowledge and accordingly their ability to integrate into the Austrian society.
The right for bilingual topographic signs for the regions where Slovene- and Croat-Austrians live alongside the Germanic population (as required by the 1955 State Treaty) is still to be fully implemented. Many Carinthians are afraid of Slovenian territorial claims, pointing to the fact that Yugoslav troops entered the state after each of the two World Wars and considering that some official Slovenian atlases show parts of Carinthia as Slovene cultural territory. The current governor, Jörg Haider, has made this fact a matter of public argument in autumn 2005 by refusing to increase the number of bilingual topographic signs in Carinthia. A poll by the Kärntner Humaninstitut conducted in January 2006 states that 65% of Carinthians are not in favour of an increase of bilingual topographic signs, since the original requirements set by the State Treaty of 1955 have already been fulfilled according to their point of view. Another interesting phenomenon is the so called "Windischen-Theorie stating that the Slovenes can be split in two groups: actual Slovenes and Windische (a traditional German name for Slavs), based on differences in language between Austrian Slovenes, who were taught Slovene standard language in school and those Slovenes who spoke their local Slovene dialect but went to German schools. The term Windische was applied to the latter group as a means of distinction. This theory was never generally accepted and fell out of use some decades ago.
At the end of the twentieth century, about 74% of Austria's population were registered as Roman Catholic, while about 5% considered themselves Protestants. Both these numbers have been in decline for decades, especially Roman Catholicism, which has suffered an increasing number of seceders from the church. Austrian Catholics are obliged to pay a mandatory tax (calculated by income —about 1%) to the Austrian Roman Catholic Church, which might (have) act(ed) as an incentive to leave the church.
About 12% of the population declare that they have no religion. Of the remaining people, around 340,000 are registered as members of various Muslim communities, mainly due to the influx from Turkey, furthermore Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania. About 180,000 are members of Eastern Orthodox Churches, more than 20.000 are active Jehovah's Witnesses and about 8,100 are Jewish. The Austrian Jewish Community of 1938 – Vienna alone counted more than 200,000 - was reduced to solely 4,000 to 5,000 after the Second World War, with approximately 65,000 Austrian Jews killed in the Holocaust and 130,000 emigrating. A significant proportions of the current Jewish population are post-war immigrants, particularly from eastern Europe and central Asia (including Bukharian Jews). Buddhism, which was legally recognized as a religion in Austria in 1983 has a following of 20,000 (10,402 at the 2001 census).
According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2005,
While northern and central Germany was the origin of the Reformation, Austria (and Bavaria) was the heart of the Counter-Reformation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the absolute monarchy of Habsburg imposed a strict regime to maintain Catholicism's power and influence among Austrians. The Habsburgs viewed themselves as the vanguard of Catholicism and all other confessions and religions were repressed. In 1781, Emperor Joseph II issued a Patent of Tolerance that allowed other Christian confessions a limited freedom of worship. Religious freedom was declared a constitutional right in the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich in 1867 thus paying tribute to the fact that the monarchy was home of numerous religions beside Roman Catholicism such as Greek, Serbian, Romanian, Russian, and Bulgarian Orthodox Christians (Austria neighboured the Ottoman Empire for centuries) , and both Calvinist and Lutheran Protestants.
Austria continued to remain largely influenced by Catholicism. After 1918, First Republic Catholic leaders such as Theodor Innitzer and Ignaz Seipel took leading positions within or close to Austria's government and increased their influence during the time of the Austrofascism; —Catholicism was treated much like a state religion by Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. Although Catholic leaders initially welcomed the Germans in 1938 during the Anschluss of Austria into Germany, Austrian Catholicism stopped its support of Nazism later on and many former religious public figures became involved with the resistance during the Third Reich. After the end of World War II in 1945, a stricter secularism was imposed in Austria, and religious influence on politics declined.
Austria's past as a European power and its cultural environment have generated a broad contribution to various forms of art, most notably among them music. Austria has been the birthplace of many famous composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert, Anton Bruckner, Johann Strauss, Sr., Johann Strauss, Jr. and Gustav Mahler as well as members of the Second Viennese School such as Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern and Alban Berg.
Vienna has long been especially an important center of musical innovation. Eighteenth and nineteenth century composers were drawn to the city due to the patronage of the Habsburgs, and made Vienna the European capital of classical music. During the Baroque period, Slavic and Hungarian folk forms influenced Austrian music. Vienna's status began its rise as a cultural center in the early 1500s, and was focused around instruments including the lute. Ludwig van Beethoven spent the better part of his life in Vienna.
Austria's current national anthem, attributed to Mozart, was chosen after World War II to replace the traditional Austrian anthem by Joseph Haydn.
Austria has also produced one notable jazz musician, keyboardist Josef Zawinul who helped pioneer electronic influences in jazz as well as being a notable composer in his own right. Falco was an internationally acclaimed pop and rock musician.
Among Austrian Artists and architects one can find painters Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele and Friedensreich Hundertwasser, photographer Inge Morath or architect Otto Wagner.
Austria was the cradle of numerous scientists with international reputations. Among them are Ludwig Boltzmann, Ernst Mach, Victor Franz Hess and Christian Doppler, prominent scientists in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, contributions by Lise Meitner, Erwin Schrödinger and Wolfgang Pauli to nuclear research and quantum mechanics were key to these areas' development during the 1920s and 1930s. A present-day quantum physicist is Anton Zeilinger, noted as the first scientist to demonstrate quantum teleportation.
In addition to physicists, Austria was the birthplace of two of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper. In addition to them biologists Gregor Mendel and Konrad Lorenz as well as mathematician Kurt Gödel and engineers such as Ferdinand Porsche and Siegfried Marcus were Austrians.
A focus of Austrian science has always been medicine and psychology, starting in medieval times with Paracelsus. Eminent physicians like Theodore Billroth, Clemens von Pirquet, and Anton von Eiselsberg have built upon the achievements of the 19th century Vienna School of Medicine. Austria was home to psychologists Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Paul Watzlawick and Hans Asperger and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl.
The Austrian School of Economics, which is prominent as one of the main competitive directions for economic theory, is related to Austrian economists Joseph Schumpeter, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich Hayek.
Other noteworthy Austrian-born émigrés include the management thinker Peter Drucker and the 38th Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Famous contemporary playwrights and novelists are Nobel prize winner Elfriede Jelinek and writer Peter Handke.
Austria's cuisine is derived from the cuisine of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In addition to native regional traditions, it has been influenced above all by Hungarian, Czech, Jewish, Italian and Bavarian cuisines, from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed. The Austrian Cuisine is therefore one of the most multi and transcultural cuisines in Europe.
Typical Austrian dishes include Wiener Schnitzel, Schweinsbraten, Kaiserschmarren, Knödel, Sachertorte and Tafelspitz. There are also Kasnockn, a macaroni dish with fresh Pinzgauer cheese and parsley, and Eierschwammerl (chanterelle) dishes. The Eierschwammerl are the native yellow, tan mushrooms. These mushrooms are delicious, especially when in a thick Austrian soup, or on regular meals.
The candy PEZ was invented in Austria. Austria is also famous for its Apfelstrudel.
The most popular sport in Austria is alpine skiing and Austria shows constant dominance in the Nations-Cup. Similar sports such as snowboarding or ski-jumping are also widely popular. The most popular team sport in Austria is football. However, Austria rarely has international success in this discipline, going out in the first round of the 2008 UEFA European Football Championship which was co-hosted with Switzerland. Besides football, Austria also has professional national leagues for most major team sports including ice hockey and basketball. Bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton are also popular events with a permanent track located in Igls, which hosted bobsleigh and luge competitions for the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics held in Innsbruck.


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Michigan Technological University honored the achievements of nearly 1,000 graduates Saturday, May 4, 2013, at Spring Commencement. Among the honorees was Matthew Wittig of Saginaw who earned a... moreSpring 2013 Verified by Michigan Technological University
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