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In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallo, Μέταλλο) is defined as an element that readily loses electrons to form positive ions (cations) and forms metallic bonds between other metal atoms (forming ionic bonds with non-metals).
Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. They are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron (B) to polonium (Po) separates the metals from the nonmetals. Most elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals (see the periodic table showing the metals).
An alternative definition of metals is that they have overlapping conduction bands and valence bands in their electronic structure. This definition opens up the category for metallic polymers and other organic metals, which have been made by researchers and employed in high-tech devices. These synthetic materials often have the characteristic silvery-grey reflectiveness (luster) of elemental metals.
Painting, anodising or plating metals are good ways to prevent their corrosion. However, a more reactive metal in the electrochemical series must be chosen for coating, especially when chipping of the coating is expected. Water and the two metals form an electrochemical cell, and if the coating is less reactive than the coatee, the coating actually promotes corrosion.
Metals in general have superior electric and thermal conductivity, high luster and density, and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving. While there are several metals that have low density, hardness, and melting points, these (the alkali and alkaline earth metals) are extremely reactive, and are rarely encountered in their elemental, metallic form.
When the planes of an ionic bond are slid past one another, the resultant change in location shifts ions of the same charge into close proximity, resulting in the cleavage of the crystal. Covalently bonded crystals can only be deformed by breaking the bonds between atoms, thereby resulting in fragmentation of the crystal.
In alchemy, a base metal was a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to precious metals, mainly gold and silver. A longtime goal of the alchemists was the transmutation of base metals into precious metals.
In numismatics, coins used to derive their value primarily from the precious metal content. Most modern currencies are fiat currency, allowing the coins to be made of base metal.
A precious metal is a rare metallic chemical element of high economic value.
Chemically, the precious metals are less reactive than most elements, have high luster and high electrical conductivity. Historically, precious metals were important as currency, but are now regarded mainly as investment and industrial commodities. Gold, silver, platinum and palladium each have an ISO 4217 currency code. The best-known precious metals are gold and silver. While both have industrial uses, they are better known for their uses in art, jewelry, and coinage. Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded. Plutonium and uranium could also be considered precious metals.
The demand for precious metals is driven not only by their practical use, but also by their role as investments and a store of value. Palladium was, as of summer 2006, valued at a little under half the price of gold, and platinum at around twice that of gold. Silver is substantially less expensive than these metals, but is often traditionally considered a precious metal for its role in coinage and jewelry.
Metals are often extracted from the Earth by means of mining, resulting in ores that are relatively rich sources of the requisite elements. Ore is located by prospecting techniques, followed by the exploration and examination of deposits. Mineral sources are generally divided into surface mines, which are mined by excavation using heavy equipment, and subsurface mines.
Once the ore is mined, the metals must be extracted, usually by chemical or electrolytic reduction. Pyrometallurgy uses high temperatures to convert ore into raw metals, while hydrometallurgy employs aqueous chemistry for the same purpose. The methods used depend on the metal and their contaminants.
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.
The two most commonly used structural metals, iron and aluminium, are also the most abundant metals in the Earth's crust.
Metals are good conductors, making them valuable in electrical appliances and for carrying an electric current over a distance with little energy lost. Electrical power grids rely on metal cables to distribute electricity. Home electrical systems, for the most part, are wired with copper wire for its good conducting properties.
The thermal conductivity of metal is useful for containers to heat materials over a flame. Metal is also used for heat sinks to protect sensitive equipment from overheating.
The high reflectivity of some metals is important in the construction of mirrors, including precision astronomical instruments. This last property can also make metallic jewelry aesthetically appealing.
Some metals have specialized uses; radioactive metals such as uranium and plutonium are used in nuclear power plants to produce energy via nuclear fission. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature and is used in switches to complete a circuit when it flows over the switch contacts. Shape memory alloy is used for applications such as pipes, fasteners and vascular stents.
The World Bank reports that China was the top importer of ores and metals in 2005 followed by the U.S.A. and Japan.


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An expert team of event professionals is on hand to help you plan, implement and develop your events. We offer creative, dedicated, flexible and above all individual support to suit your specific requirements. Quality and distinction in every respect: the CCBS and its Böblingen and Sindelfingen brands are setting a new benchmark. Our 'one face to the customer' philosophy is a key factor in terms of optimising the services we offer. Up to 18 air-conditioned rooms covering 50 to a total of 3,000m² as well as 2,500m² of outdoor space can be combined in a variety of ways for between ten and 3,000 people.
Both venues are easily accessible and close to the town centre. Böblingen congress hall is surrounded by picturesque lakes and Stadthalle Sindelfingen is set in an idyllic park. Both offer a creative and varied selection of cuisine.
We have developed from a traditional hall to a modern service provider by consistently focusing on customer service and providing a feel-good factor for our customers and visitors. Together, we can turn your conference into an unforgettable experience for delegates, guests and their companions.
We would be pleased to advise you personally – and provide you with the added service you deserve!

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My Mom is a quilt lady. I caught the quilting disease from her. She has packs and piles of quilts around her house, some she's made, and some are family quilts and antiques she's collected here and there. So I thought I'd post a few because they are too pretty not too share. Plus lets face it, I've got nothing else to post about.
She made this circle quilt a few years ago. Each circle is pieced with raw edges so with use it gets a cute shabby appearance. Except its been hanging on the wall for 3 years….so when it gets used, it will get cute and shabby.
This red and white one I LOVE. Its all hand quilted heavily. It's an antique, and obviously made by someone with more patience than anyone under this roof. There is a similar quilt but yellow instead of red in the final (boo-hoo) issue of Country Home that I've been staring at. There is definitely something like this in my quilting future. Except not hand quilted.
I love a vintage wedding ring quilt. Especially this one made with vintage feed sack fabrics and hand quilted. I'm hoping she won't notice if this disappears accidentally into my suitcase. Not likely.
And last but not least this flower quilt made by Mom. The pattern is from Buggy Barn Quilts I believe. Our friend quilted this on a long arm and I love how she left the petals of the flowers un-quilted. It gives them a raised, almost appliqué appearance. This one is on my (guest) bed so I get to look at it every night.


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The Badgeville Platform
Business Gamification Platform Overview
What is Badgeville's Business Gamification Platform? Badgeville's powerful platform empowers you to build more personalized, rewarding experiences for your customers and employees on top of your websites, enterprise applications, social networks, and communities. Named as the best platform as a service in 2013 by the Software & Information Industry Association (SIIA), Badgeville's Business Gamification Platform helps you to create a comprehensive program for user engagement to increase customer loyalty or enhances employee performance.
The world's leading gamification offering, the Badgeville Platform is a cloud-based tool that enables you to measure, analyze, and recognize user actions across your digital ecosystem -- all from one unified interface.
Why Badgeville?
- Offer Personalized Experiences. Badgeville's rich personalization features offer rewards to each and every user, driving the right kind of actions your app or site needs.
- Powerful Admin Controls. Securely manage engagement across all your websites and applications from one unified interface.
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- Fully Enterprise-Grade. Badgeville protects user data with a private cloud and database, and is SOC2 and SafeHarbor Certified. Processing millions of user behaviors a day, it's the most trusted enterprise gamification product.
Badgeville's Platform is the world's leading gamification technology.


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kemar wrote:I'm currently working on "Thud!" (trying my best not to represent Sally and Angua nude and covered by mud, that with Tawnee would be a little bit too excessive)
Jan Van Quirm wrote:Luverly dragon!
Jan Van Quirm wrote::roll: Well art's art I s'pose
Luverly dragon!
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text: Landscape Color is one of those topics on which everyone has an opinion and no one agrees. What's garish and gaudy to one person is bright and cheerful to the next. Our color preferences depend upon our life experiences, our cultural backgrounds and even the physiology of our eyes More


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Sterling Silver
Best friends are forever. You laugh together, celebrate together and lean on each other. Now you can wear a design that expresses your friendship with the Best Friends bead.
Friend Bead
$ 30.00
Her Gift Of Friends Charm
$ 40.00


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- Admissions
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- About Plattsburgh
The student affairs professional practice program of 54 semester credits prepares students to work on college and university campuses in positions that require counseling background, knowledge of college student development, and skill in program design and implementation. Completion of the student affairs professional practice program leads to the degree of Master of Science in Student Affairs Counseling.
Program requirements include clinical and specialty courses, as well as the core curriculum. The program can be pursued on a full-time or part-time basis, up to the point of internship when a full-time commitment is generally required. A 600-hour internship in a college setting is required.
This program requires the applicant to have twelve undergraduate credits in psychology, human services, education, or closely related areas with specific course work in research, social and cultural foundations, human development across the life span, statistics, and computers. Each program applicant will be evaluated individually to determine which undergraduate course work may be credited toward these prerequisites.
Upon acceptance into the program, each student is assigned an advisor who advises the student to select courses that fit the student's program. Courses in the counseling programs are planned to give a balanced selection of academic and experiential education and to encourage each student to achieve maximum professional competence. Academic and professional development evaluations are made of all students each semester to ensure ongoing professional growth.
Complete a Masters degree in Student Affairs Counseling, then apply to school counseling, and upon acceptance, proceed to qualify for a Certification of Advanced Study (C.A.S.) in School Counseling.
This unique Counselor Education Department M.S. to C.A.S. option permits the candidate to qualify for two professional specialties. Upon completion of a Master of Science in Student Affairs Counseling, the student can then become eligible for certification as a New York State School Counselor upon completion of the school counselor program.
For more information about the student affairs counseling program please contact
Julia Davis, Coordinator
Office: Ward Hall 106A
Phone: (518) 564-4179
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Trailer queen, show car, poseur−all derogatory terms placed on any car that's "too nice." Sure, these terms are usually bantered about by guys that don't even have running cars, but the stigma associated with these labels still strikes a painful cord in any hot rodder. Take Pro-Touring cars for example. For a while it looked like they were going to flounder down the same tragic path that Pro-Street did back in the late 80s and 90s.
Cars that looked fast, but never were. A compilation of race parts assembled in a package that just didn't work, relegated to posing on fairground asphalt and cruising the local Dairy Queen. But then something happened—guys started actually taking their corner carvers to driving events and, in turn, more driving events started popping up. Owners were showing that their cars weren't all form and no function.
Still, the stigma was still out there. Look at the high-end rides found displayed around the SEMA show. Some are so nice it's hard to believe they even run much less drive. In an effort to see if pretty cars really could kick ass on the track, Hot Rod Magazine teamed up with Optima Batteries and FM3 Performance Marketing to put on a driving event. The plan was to assemble some of the nicest cars in the country and let them battle it out for the top spot.
The event became known as the Optima Batteries Ultimate Streetcar Invitational and the date for the contest was set for the Saturday after SEMA. This made sense since tricked out muscle cars from all over the country would be gathering in Vegas. A couple dozen cars were invited to race before the show and others were recruited during SEMA. In the end, 27 cars signed on the dotted line for a chance at the brass ring.
According to Jimi Day of FM3 Performance Marketing, "The event is a combination of styling, driving, handling, and acceleration/braking. The goal of the event is to bring a group of the best streetcars in the world to the track and put them through their paces, highlighting styling, performance, and overall build quality." The three driving events will be a 2.2-mile road course, an autocross, and a 0-60-0 event.
• The first stop in our journey was getting our Camaro to the Magnaflow display at the SEMA show. With so much left to do on the car it would have been nice to have that week to wrench, but then again it was nice to relax a bit the week for before the race. We did sneak Mike Norris into the car to do a little clandestine tuning, but security had a fit when we fired up the car. We plead the fifth on that one.
• The G-Force Design Concepts-built '69 Camaro owned by Dave Beddome wasn't in the SEMA show, so Dave had the week to tweak on his ride. Problem after problem, from a fried clutch to a bad power steering pump, plagued the Camaro. But after countless hours and stacks of cash the F-body was fit for duty. Dave even brought out his dyno tuner to get the LS-engine running smooth. That's dedication!
• After SEMA we drove the Camaro straight to American Touring Specialties (ATS) where Tyler Beauregard was letting the Optima Challenge participants borrow his lift and tools. While Fuel was occupying the lift we took a moment to put Penny onto the Longacer digital scales we brought along. Our weight without a driver and with over half a tank of gas was 3196 pounds with 52 percent of the weight up front. To put our weight in perspective, all of the other Camaros we weighed came in between 3,500 and 3,600 lbs, so we were feeling pretty svelte. The main problem was our crossweights, which would throw the car slightly out of balance in the turns.


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"Everyone on the team loves them!!" (E3008)
"Great! We use them for games for the little kids who have to knck them over. It is nice to have the different colors!" (E3384)
"Great Price!! Great Quality!!! Great Company to deal with, fast shipping and customer service is above excellent!! I would pay $20.00 for each jersey!! Thanks Epic Sports" (E15453)
Augusta Sportswear Nylon Coach's Jacket/Lined [E18415]


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Direct link: Mainnavigation | Content | Search
Home > Consortium > ECN, Netherlands
ECN is the leading center for energy research and development in the Netherlands. ECN conducts technology and policy research to find solutions to meeting social needs for energy services in a safe, efficient and clean way. ECN comprises 650 staff, structured into eight business units: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Biomass Coal & Environmental Research, Energy Efficiency Industry, Hydrogen and Clean Fossil Fuels, Energy in the Built Environment and Intelligent Grids and Policy Studies. ECN Policy studies provides advisory services in the field of policy analysis and the development of strategies for deployment of renewable energy, security of supply and liberalisation of energy markets. ECN Policy Studies has extensive knowledge of the European electricity and gas markets, including market liberalisation and regulation across. Furthermore, the unit has knowledge and experience about development of long-term scenarios and policy road maps.


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As corporations and
small businesses alike mail W-2 forms to the nation's workforce, tax season has
officially arrived.
As the landscape for
small companies continues to change, a growing number of business owners are
looking far and wide for ways to get a step up
Get rid of those old stereotypes.
Starting a small business is an exciting time for any entrepreneur, but there are also a ton of things to think about.
There's a growing myth among small-business owners that should be suppressed.
Many business owners are looking to land a loan.
Is your startup or marketing company cashing in on all the benefits social media data can offer?
Property is most often used as collateral when taking out a loan, but inventory can also be used.
This icon indicates a link to third-party content. By clicking on the link, you will leave our website and enter a site not owned by the bank. The site you will enter may be less secure and may have a privacy statement that differs from the bank. The products and services offered on this third-party website are not provided or guaranteed by the bank.


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Welcome to London! Your Tour Director will meet you upon your arrival at the hotel, and is available to help you make the most of your stay. This evening, enjoy a unique chance to combine a traditional dining experience with a relaxed, night-time river cruise. A three-course welcome dinner with wine at a contemporary London restaurant is followed by a private, narrated CRUISE on the River Thames to admire some of the capital's most beautiful illuminated sights, including Tower Bridge, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the Houses of Parliament. (Dinner)
After a hearty English breakfast, morning sightseeing with a Local Guide includes all the famous landmarks: the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben beside the River Thames, Westminster Abbey, Whitehall's mounted horseguards and the Prime Minister's Downing Street, Piccadilly Circus, and Buckingham Palace. A special highlight is the LONDON EYE CHAMPAGNE EXPERIENCE—a ride on the world's tallest observation wheel, with stunning views of the city while you sip a glass of champagne. Free time in the afternoon for independent activities. Later, why not take in one of London's West End theater shows? (Breakfast)
Today offers you the opportunity to join one of our optional excursions. Consider a visit to the Tower of London, which has been guarded by the Beefeaters since the 14th century and houses the fabulous Crown Jewels; to Windsor Castle, the largest inhabited castle in the world and the Queen's favorite residence; or one of the exciting full-day excursions available for your enjoyment. (Breakfast)
Board the high-speed EUROSTAR TRAIN for an exciting ride to Paris. On arrival, an orientation drive features the highlights of the splendid capital of chic and style, and for a bird's-eye view, take the elevator to the second floor of Paris' most famous landmark: the EIFFEL TOWER. This evening, you may wish to join an optional dinner at one of Paris' fine restaurants followed by an illumination drive to see the "City of Light" by night. (Breakfast)
Start with a guided visit of magnificent NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL with its Rose Window. Next, enjoy a CRÊPE at a local crêperie, before continuing to MONTMARTRE, the most famous Parisian artist area. Ride the little TRAIN uphill through narrow lanes, then follow your Local Guide on a walking tour to visit famous SACRE COEUR BASILICA, with the chance to take pictures of the spectacular view of Paris. End up at Place du Tertre, where artists display their art. Enjoy a special lunch in one of the many restaurants here, consisting of the traditional soupe à l'oignon (onion soup), accompanied by French baguette, and tarte tatin as dessert. In the evening, an optional dinner and show at the world-famous Moulin Rouge in the famous Pigalle area is available. (Breakfast, Lunch)
Immerse yourself in this fascinating city. You may wish to join our optional excursions to the imposing Louvre Museum to admire the Mona Lisa, or to the immense Palace and Gardens of Versailles, the most famous palace in Europe, built by the Sun King, Louis XIV. Tonight, a special farewell dinner with wine has been prepared at a local restaurant, the best way to say, "Au Revoir, Paris." (Breakfast, Dinner)
Your vacation ends with breakfast this morning. (Breakfast)
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Recently, Steve Henry and I separately wrote that creatives naturally enjoy getting into trouble, and that's a good thing.
In our terms, trouble means creating controversy. Controversy means people will take sides. Which means discussion and debate and consequently free media.
I gave some examples of this, and how well it had worked. Then Tod Norman wrote in to say that all the examples I had given "had generated no income."
He went on to say that this "proves that outrage engages, but does not create profit."
I think that's an interesting point, and worth debating. Outrage for its own sake isn't what we do. Everything we do must have an objective purpose. Otherwise it's merely decorative, not functional.
It didn't occur to me to at the time to choose examples that had generated profit. I see the job of the creatives as maximising the effect of the spend.
Our job is to deliver the strategy as loudly and memorably as possible. So that we generate many times more media than we're paying for. But it did make me think.
Did any of the examples I gave actually generate income? Well LWT certainly.
We didn't even have the actual LWT account. Just the trade budget that they usually spent in Campaign and Marketing.
Mike Gold persuaded them to put it on 48 sheet posters and run them next to ad agencies.
The controversial campaign caused outrage, and won lots of awards. Normally this wouldn't matter. But in this case it got LWT talked about inside agencies much more.
Which got it on the media department's radar. Which caused advertising spend to shift from their rival, Thames TV.
So yes, outrage generated profit. The Cadbury's campaign I mentioned worked well, too. Crème Eggs were only available between Christmas and Easter. Stock that wasn't sold hung around until next year. By which time they didn't look so appetising. So we had to get people buying them at times other than Easter.
Planning told us everyone had an individual way of eating Creme Eggs. So we found a way to make and run six 48 sheet posters for the price of one. This meant we could run a campaign with cheeky rhymes like, 'Give It A Suck, Chuck', 'Stick It in Your Gob, Bob', 'Give It a Lick, Mick'.
They got into the language and made the product more current. So much so, that you can now buy Crème Eggs all year round. Another time controversy was good for Cadburys was the Flake ad that. Gordon Smith and Dave Waters made.
A skimpily dressed girl was perspiring and sensuously eating a Flake, while a lizard clambered over a ringing phone.
It was so erotic, even Spitting Image lampooned it. They showed a man entering a porn shop and asking for 'something really hard core". He's offered some magazines like 'Screw' and 'Hustler'.
He says, "No, something really hard core, like the new Cadburys Flake ad."
They throw him out of the porn shop in disgust. Dominic Cadbury, was so outraged, he wanted to pull it straight away. (The ad that is.)
Then the marketing department explained to him that they'd had to turn another product line over to making Flakes. Just to satisfy demand.
Another instance would be the Saatchi gallery in North London. There was a photographic exhibition of snapshots of a family. It was innocuous, not to say dull, and not many people went to it.
Then someone (we can speculate who) called the police to complain that the children were naked in some of the photographs. The police closed the exhibition down.
Immediately many media celebrities (we can speculate who prompted them) protested this infringement of the artist's creative rights.
The police were forced to reopen the exhibition. And hundreds of people came to see what all the fuss was about. It was one of the most successful exhibits in the gallery's history.
And that's a gallery you had to pay several quid to enter. For another example, ask Steve Henry about Tango's advertising. Tango was a moribund orange drink when his agency got the account.
HHCL's first commercial showed a little fat orange man slapping someone's ears with both hands. Newspapers carried stories that parents and schools were outraged at the damage done to children's ears. Tango seemed anti-establishment and even rebellious. Sales went through the roof.
Another example would be London Docklands advertising. They were going nowhere as a development site. They were being made to look really bad by Milton Keynes' advertising.
Their commercials showed beautiful fields, cows, trees, and happy families. They made Docklands look gritty and urban.
We figured we'd reposition Milton Keynes as the place to play. And show London Docklands as the place to work.
So we ran a campaign for London Docklands with the line, "Why move to the middle of nowhere, when you can move to the middle of London?"
The Environment Minister and a group of 11 MPs were so outraged they tried to ban the advertising. They failed because the ads were shot and the media already paid for. The ads ran, and London Docklands now has the tallest buildings in Europe.
And Milton Keynes still has fields, cows, and trees.


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A naive American grad student travels to Uruguay seeking authorization from the heirs of a suicidal novelist to write the latter's biography.
Rated PG-13 for a brief sexual situation with partial nudity.
Visit the official site
Cast: Laura Linney, Anthony Hopkins, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Hiroyuki Sanada, Omar Metwally
Produced by:
Directed by: James Ivory
Written by: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Peter Cameron
Running time: 1hr 54min
Opens: Apr 16, 2010 NY


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Action/Adventure, Drama, SciFi/Fantasy
Based on author Philip Pullman's bestselling and award-winning novel, 'The Golden Compass' tells the first story in Pullman's 'His Dark Materials' trilogy. 'The Golden Compass' is set in an alternative world where people's souls manifest themselves as animals, talking bears fight wars, and Gyptians and witches co-exist. At the center of the story is Lyra, a 12-year-old girl, who starts out trying to rescue a friend who's been kidnapped by a mysterious organization known as the Gobblers and winds up on an epic quest to save not only her world, but ours as well.
Rated PG-13 for sequences of fantasy violence.
Visit the official site
Cast: Eva Green, Nicole Kidman, Sam Elliott, Tom Courtenay, Dakota Blue Richards
Produced by: Deborah Forte
Directed by: Chris Weitz
Written by: Tom Stoppard, Philip Pullman
Running time: 1hr 53min
Opens: Nov 28, 2007 Sneaks


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Grid List
Ladies Cap with Patent LeatherITEM: 9860 Mod cap with pretty patent accents. Betmar® brings back a wildly popular 1960's shape in an inspired wool blend. The retro vibe shines on with patent leather trim on the brim and top button. Satin lining. Looks wonderful on all ages. One size fits most. Imported. Spot clean.Learn More
Regular Price: $45.00
Special Price $18.00
Ladies Flower BeretITEM: 9862 This lovely skullcap beret makes a chic statement with its flattering snugger look. Knit of a soft, braided acrylic. One size fits most. By Betmar®. Imported. Spot clean.Learn More
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The Constitution: A Love Story
When the 112th House of Representatives opened this past January with a reading of the United States Constitution, the intended political message was clear—the Republican Party was back to rescue the Constitution.
Less clear was what Constitution Republicans were vowing to save. The version they ordered read was, in fact, stripped of language the leadership considered "superseded by amendment," even though those measures are still in the text. Some are embarrassing. The provisions protecting slavery, for example, call into question the infallibility of the Founding Fathers. Since one of the standard conservative talking points is that the "original intent" of the framers is an infallible guide to wisdom, the fallible parts were better left unmentioned.
As a matter of fact, the new majority was more eager to amend the Constitution than to read it. The reading of the censored Constitution actually took place on the second day of the House session. The leadership found time on the first day to introduce H.J. Res. 1, the latest and most radical iteration of the "balanced budget amendment," which would make it all but impossible for any future Congress to raise taxes—thus gutting one of the central aims for which the Founders in Philadelphia wrote the document.
This story illustrates the paradox of right-wing "constitutionalism" in the 21st century: On the one hand, it proclaims its patriotic devotion to the document against unpatriotic progressives who want to "destroy" it. On the other, it is faintly embarrassed by what the framers wrote and openly contemptuous of what they achieved.
This strange double discourse became louder after the 2010 election, as conservative lawmakers in Virginia proposed an amendment permitting state legislatures to repeal federal statutes. It progressed to an eager call by right-wing academics for a constitutional convention to purify the Constitution of federal power. It bottomed out when Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell explained that a balanced-budget amendment is needed because the people can't be trusted: "The Constitution must be amended to keep the government in check. We have tried persuasion. We have tried negotiations. We have tried elections. Nothing has worked."
Doublethink will probably dominate the airwaves for the next year. Republican "constitutionalists" are to constitutional law what Hannibal Lecter is to surgery. Consider Rick Perry, the current presidential front-runner and a self-styled constitutional authority. In his book, Fed Up! Our Fight to Save America from Washington, he warns us that "since the dawn of the so-called Progressive movement over a century ago, liberals have used every tool at their disposal … to wage a gradual war on the Constitution."
Rick Perry is here to save it. How? Well, first he wants to make sure that people stop reading the part that gives Congress the power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States," and with that, convince us there's no warrant for federal spending for "health care, education, transportation, and countless other domestic programs"—including Social Security. Next in urgency is repealing the 16th Amendment (income tax) and the 17th Amendment (popular election of senators), which don't belong in the Constitution because they were put there by the people "in a fit of populist rage." Then, Perry has since made clear, we need the federal Marriage Amendment, to make sure that the "limited government" in Washington can regulate our intimate relations; next, perhaps, an amendment permitting Congress to overrule the Supreme Court; and, finally, "clarifying amendments" explaining that the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment don't mean what they seem to say about separation of church and state, protection from execution without due process, the right to vote, or equal protection of the laws.
In short, Perry, like many of today's "constitutionalists," loves the Constitution to death. It is ingenuous, however, that Perry admits that amendment may be necessary; conservatives of the Ron Paul/Michele Bachmann stripe insist that the Constitution already contains Christian-libertarianism hidden between the lines in a da Vinci–coded "original intent."
These figures represent a movement that wants to change our form of government, making it radically less democratic and producing an enfeebled "night-watchman state." They want to do this either by rewriting our charter or, more likely, by proclaiming that it has always contained this toxic mix of the Articles of Confederation, Ayn Rand gibberish, and fairy-tale history.
Given this challenge, one would think that progressives would flock to the banner of the Constitution. This is a fight we can win, after all; last I checked, the Constitution was reasonably popular. We have to be willing to fight the battle, though. Needless to say, President Obama has not uttered a full-throated refutation of the right's claims, but few figures on the progressive side of the spectrum have, either.
That's where our own double consciousness kicks in. Earlier this year, I published an essay challenging the right's assault on the Constitution. "Ordinary Americans love the Constitution at least as much as far-right ideologues," I wrote. "It's time to take it back." Sanford Levinson of the University of Texas, the unchallenged doyen of constitutional law, immediately responded. The current Constitution, he wrote, is basically bantha fodder—undemocratic, unwieldy, and irredeemably tainted by slavery—and needs to be replaced. "I very definitely do not love the Constitution, and I don't think that anyone else should either, except those who benefit from the status quo," he wrote. "Otherwise, we're all like deluded spouses who accept being battered as simply part of what the trials and tribulations of marriage/politics are all about."
Are those of us who still admire the best features of our constitutional history, and hope for a better future, like battered spouses? Family metaphors can never be precise. They are not, in fact, even political in the way the debate over health care or the makeup of the Senate is. They are powerful because they touch our deepest joys and sorrows. The pain and injustice of family life—no matter how happy the family—are the true headwaters of political passion. To Levinson, the Constitution is an intimate abuser; no wonder he wants to close the door on it forever.
In the family constellation I carry in my heart, the Constitution is not and never has been abusive. It is neither an idol nor a love object to whose flaws I am blind. At times it is like my Uncle George, who used to give me a quarter after church, tousle my hair, and tell me to run along. Other times it is like Uncle Jack, who was pretty much all right until he had two drinks and began singing the VMI fight song. At times it is more like my Cousin Bill, who claimed to be a Costa Rican colonel, sometimes wore a lightning-striped toupee, and put his pet chipmunk down Cousin Chicky's bridal gown at the wedding reception. At times it surely has retarded political goals I think should have been won, blunting social change that might improve the lives of those I love.
That is not all the Constitution has done for me. It is not even the most important thing. For I believe the Constitution saved, if not my life, at least its promise and the promise of the lives of those among whom I grew up. In a moment of great need, the Constitution—belatedly, even reluctantly, but nonetheless decisively—came to my rescue. As a result, I have my own passions about the Constitution. It may be a strange parent, but it is not an abusive one.
My story is not unique to me. It is the story of one region and two races that, not long ago, lived in a place where the Constitution did not apply. This was once vivid in the public mind, seared in place by televised images of dogs biting helpless women and fire hoses knocking down children. It is fading. Some who witnessed it have died; others have forgotten; and some have always stood ready to deny the depth of the evil that was overcome and the scope of the victory that was won.
"I just don't remember it as being that bad," Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour recently said about segregation. Haley Barbour and I are of the same generation, and, like him, I was a designated beneficiary of the segregated system. I remember it vividly.
Understand what segregation was: a radical new system locked in place between 1890 and 1912 to contain the forces of democracy and separate the South from the rest of the nation. It was not an antiquated vestige of the old slave South—something Southerners just forgot to clean up after the Civil War—but a modern, thoroughgoing racial dictatorship as oppressive as South African apartheid.
The separate drinking fountains and restrooms, while horrible, were the least of that system's effects. The heart of the system was not enforced separation of the races but systematic, violent subordination of one to the other. Black citizens in the South were excluded from public life; they were denied the vote; they held no offices; they were given only limited access to the courts; they were economically exploited by whites under the color of law. Official violence maintained white supremacy, and if that failed, extralegal violence was also waiting—and law enforcement often made no effort to stop violence and even murder when it was directed against black people.
The system oppressed both black and white—not equally, but it oppressed both nonetheless. I grew up in a genteel part of a relatively civilized state of the Old South, but even so, the threat of racial violence was always in the air. We didn't talk about it much, but all of us, black and white, knew it was there. No one, white or black, was allowed to question the "system"; those who did ran enormous risks. Dissent—white or black—could mean social ostracism, economic ruin, or physical danger. As in any dictatorship, the education I received at my segregated school was systematically shaped to reinforce the official racist ideology. Public officials, government sources, and the local news media ceaselessly repeated the official propaganda message, which was (as my hometown editor, James J. Kilpatrick, wrote in 1962), "From the dawn of civilization to the middle of the twentieth century, the Negro race, as a race, has contributed no more than a few grains of sand to the enduring monuments of mankind."
Few people or institutions defied the system; some worked around it to inject some humanity into daily life. Many whites were what we called "decent folk." My family fell into this category. My parents were people of powerful goodwill who in their public lives modeled tolerance and kindness and who, by the time they died, had formed deep alliances across the color line. But in private, for years, our family lived a life defined by racial separation—our church, our schools, our clubs, our jobs—and when white peers spoke in ways that "decent folk" did not, we lacked the vocabulary to rebuke them. I can recall the long lectures my grade-school teachers delivered about the need to keep black people in their place and the mornings my father stopped to offer a ride to another lawyer (one who had been part of the defense team in Brown v. Board of Education), who subjected us to vulgar fulminations against n-----s and meddling Yankees who were making trouble for us all.
This fetid system was in place because those charged with guarding the Constitution winked at it. Southern whites, though, always knew that they were violating the nation's fundamental law. "We have been very careful to obey the letter of the federal Constitution," Senator Walter F. George of Georgia explained early in the 20th century. "But we have been very diligent in violating the spirit of such amendments and such statutes as would have a Negro to believe himself the equal of a white man."
The Congress and the Supreme Court had allowed this charade to be carried forward: "separate but equal" jargon justifying grossly unequal institutions; "nonracial" literacy tests and poll taxes "coincidentally" producing all-white electorates; imaginary "states' rights" smothering the textually guaranteed rights of free speech and equal protection. The old Confederate states were allowed to wall themselves off into separate suffocating satrapies that seemed, when I was a boy, destined to stand forever.
These safeguards of segregation were not features of the Constitution but perversions and defiance of it—conscious violations of the spirit, as Senator George so cheerfully confessed. They were locked in place by men who believed the Constitution was just words on paper. But those words on paper brought this system down.
I was born in 1950. When I was 4, the Supreme Court shocked the South with Brown v. Board of Education, which said, "In the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." When I was 5, the 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. told the Montgomery Improvement Association, "If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong. If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United States is wrong. If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong." When I was 9, college students in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat politely at a Woolworth's lunch counter and demanded to be served. When I was 14, two-thirds of the members of the United States Senate broke a Southern filibuster and enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1964. When I was 15, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965. When I was 16, I worked as a volunteer in something many Southerners had for generations only dreamed about—a contested election in which people of both races could vote and the ruling party's chosen candidate actually lost.
The Southern wall had crumbled. Many injustices remained; nonetheless, white and black, we were, ambiguously, free at last.
The Constitution did this for me. That may seem to some critics like a small respite in a history of abuse, but to me it was a gift of full membership in the national family. Governor Barbour may not want to remember, but I will never forget.
In the years since the walls came down, an industry of political scientists has grown up to explain that Brown v. Board really didn't accomplish much. But, in this case, I was there. Brown did something remarkable. No longer could white Southerners ask, "How can we maintain our special system?" They had to—and they did—begin to ask, "Are we defying the Constitution?"
The next ten years were an extraordinary period: Everywhere I went as a boy, I found white people—young, old, lawyers, laypeople, Northern, Southern—arguing about the Constitution. Most of the people I knew were angrily asserting that segregation was constitutional, but after Brown, the idea of racial equality had jumped the color line and become a question whites could not ignore. When King in 1955 proclaimed, "If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United States is wrong," whites were no longer laughing. Their inner certainty was shattered.
The greatest heroes of the civil-rights movement were the black Southerners, young and old, who hurled themselves against the wall of color. There was also another group of more ambiguous heroes—the federal judges of the South, whom author J.W. Peltason calls the "fifty-eight lonely men" of that era. Children of segregation (how could they have gotten to be judges otherwise?), they were charged by the Supreme Court with enforcing Brown and given little guidance on how to do so. The law and the Constitution made some (not all) of them, willingly or not, stewards of justice, imperfect but powerful. Eventually, men like John Minor Wisdom, J. Skelly Wright, Robert R. Merhige, and Frank M. Johnson Jr. achieved a kind of prophetic isolation; from that lonely place, they worked to transform the society that had spawned them.
I did not know King or John Lewis or Ella Baker, but I knew some federal judges, and I saw the price they paid to remain true to their oaths. (One told me of finding his dog on the lawn, its throat cut.) In the midst of great danger, often against their own inclination, they too became heroes—and to me, they remain so.
It is easy to claim that the civil-rights movement failed. The South didn't become the "beloved community" of which King spoke, a democratic society where citizens are bound together not only by law but by mutual regard. Racial and social divisions scar our national life. Today's South is too often governed by white thugs like Haley Barbour.
White college students complain that minority students "segregate" themselves in dining and residence halls. Former Justice Sandra Day O'Connor even described white voters, placed in a strange-shaped voting district that was "only" 45 percent white, as injured by "an effort to segregate the races." Those who speak this way do not remember. Segregation was not partial separation but total exclusion; it was not social reticence but proscription enforced by violence; it was not flawed democracy but successful dictatorship; it was not whites being in a slight minority but blacks having no vote at all.
I still remember, and I remember that the Constitution, for all its flaws, played a major role in bringing me and the place where I grew up out of darkness and into membership in a democratic national society. It was not the Constitution alone—if provisions and amendments alone could have done it, then the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments would surely have brought the Jubilee. One factor in the decline of Southern resistance, however, was a sense of shared loyalty to the Constitution, one that was forged over generations. This "constitutional faith," to use one of Levinson's most memorable phrases, would not easily have been transferred to a new Constitution, no matter how cleverly designed by a current assembly of notables. Its absence would have reduced the struggle to naked force, with no underlying appeal to shared values.
It is the power of constitutional faith—the power to constrain us toward outcomes we may oppose or even fear—that I revere about the Constitution. The amended Constitution that exists on the page—the document I read—is for all its flaws and gerrymanders a progressive document, making the American states one nation, placing that nation under the governance of a Congress elected by the people, empowering that Congress to act for the common good, restraining states from blocking the common good for parochial reasons. That document, as amended, embodies the progressive ideas of human equality, of human dignity safeguarded by due process and "equal protection of the laws."
The far right is now stealing the Constitution in plain sight. I don't speak here of ordinary conservatives who may differ with me on the scope of the Commerce Power or the meaning of the 11th Amendment but of the Bachmanns, the Perrys, the Pauls (father and son). These charlatans are not being answered as they should be, in part because too many progressives see only the imperfection and shame in the Constitution's history and blind themselves to the promise of its text.
Last year, on the 37th anniversary of the "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom," the National Mall was filled with participants in Glenn Beck's "Restoring Honor" rally. I went to the Mall and stood among the marchers and heard them discussing the horrors of immigration, the "tyranny" of an elected Congress, the rapture of guns, the satanic evil of Barack Obama. I felt a profound disquiet, not least because I spoke to many of them individually and found that these were, by and large, lovely people, Americans from small towns who were, in my judgment, being led astray—fed lies about their history and their Constitution—by people who should know better.
To restore my soul, I left the march and walked to the National Museum of American History, on the north side of the Mall. In a second-floor exhibit hall, the museum displays the original lunch counter from the Woolworth's store in Greensboro where the first sit-in occurred in 1960. That lunch counter—like the Liberty Bell, the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, the wall atop Cemetery Ridge, Ford's Theatre, and the Stonewall Inn—is an inescapable part of our constitutional heritage. These physical things tie the words on the Constitution's page to our lives in a way that we could never reproduce even with the most brilliant new Constitution. These places and objects are outward and visible signs of the inward grace that constitutional faith can sometimes produce, of the transformative potential, present always in American history, of dry words on paper.
I stood in front of the lunch counter and thought of the poisonous twaddle being pushed on the Mall behind me. I think now of the corrosive agenda of the right wing, which in many ways is the same agenda the Constitution's opponents have followed since 1787: sanctioned inequality, theocracy, localism, xenophobia, legalized exploitation. Today, their hostility masquerades as reverence. They dare to accuse patriots of treason; they demand obeisance to an imagined Constitution; they plot the destruction of the real one.
I made a vow: Let others dream of constitutional conventions. As for me and my house, we will serve this Constitution.
TimParcival (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 10:31
Ffats (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 11:01
Professor Epps, I would add another even more profound violation of the Constitution. Recall that Article I, Sections 2 and 3 implement The Great Compromise of 1787 by awarding precisely equal legislative influence to each congressional district in the House, and to each state (since the 17th Amendment) in the Senate. Once lawmakers organized among themselves into congressional political parties, majority parties exploited their Article I, Section 5:2 power over chamber rules to effectively nullify the Great Compromise. They accomplished this purpose during the 1820s when they voted to delegate Congress's most profound legislative decisions (when and why to write laws) from the full chambers (where the Republic was represented) to the majority parties' standing committees. Congress has legislated without knowing the Republic's interests (i.e., all districts and states' "shared attitudes toward is needed or wanted in the given situation" (see David P. Truman 1957: 33-34)) since that time. As you may know, there were no senate filibusters prior to majority parties' standing committees, so southern senators could not have filibustered the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Cheers...
sentry1 (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:31
LillithMc (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:31
This week in my local paper where the wingnuts are plentiful they were offended that anyone would deny them their right to carry concealed weapons. There is a bill in the House that would replace gun control laws in all states including allowing the carrying of concealed guns. Even when asked what part of "well-regulated" and "militia" they did not understand, they insisted their Constitutional rights are being wrongly limited with any gun control.
Hamidog (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:32
Joseph Dooley (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:33
HenryC (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:44
It was mainly Republicans that supported the civil rights movement in the South. Democrats and Republicans in the North, only Republicans in the South. The very formation of the Republican party was based on the rejection of slavery and on the idea of all men having equal rights. This is the antithesis of affirmative action by the way, which treats men unequally because of race.
JDanielBoone (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:44
JJ (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:50
what part of "shall not be infringed" do you not understand. The well-regulated militia is only necessary for a free state. The right is inferred to The People just like all other rights. A government can not have a right. Furthermore, in 1789 the militia was assumed to be made up of any able bodied male aged whatever to whatever (16-60, you put in the broad range of numbers). So as a male, aged 16-60, I am part of the militia and therefore have the right to "keep AND BEAR arms" and it shall not be infringed.
valwayne (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:55
LOL! The only way liberals and the left in general have any respect for the Constitution is as a quaint old document that has long served its purpose. Liberals simply don't think what the Constitution says, and what the founders explained it said from documents like the Federalist papers, has any relevance in todays world particularly when it doesn't let them do exactly what they want to do. Liberals believe its a docusmented that has to be updated to fit the time. That seems reasonable until you find out that updating the meaning of the Constitution to fit the times means that the Constitution means anything a liberal wants it to mean. All those nasty phrases about limited government? Totally out of date and irrelevant to a liberal. The only way the left loves the Constitution is by interpreting it to mean anything they want!
rick (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:56
Only one problem with the author's theme: Progressives believe the Constitution changes as society changes and the Supreme Court is authorized to amend the Constitution as suits their ideology. For example, government can now exercise eminent domain for any reason whatever, because five justices decided that was a better policy than what the Constitution actually says.
By "reclaim our founding document " the author means rewrite the document more in keeping with today's Progressive ideas. You know, the 2nd amendment applies only to militias, government can force citizens to buy specific products, government authority to regulate is unlimited, racial discrimination is permitted if the target is white, that sort of thing.
Wherever the Constitution hampers Progressive intentions, the founding document must be "reclaimed" to remove the offending language.
Jazz King (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:58
"infallibility of the Founding Fathers"
- Garrett Epps
Perhaps you are confusing the Constitution with the quran, comrade. No one ever claimed the Founding Fathers were divine. They set up a process, now ignored, for amending the Constitution; why would that have been necessary if the message was that it was "infallible"?
BTW the Founding Fathers didn't invent slavery, but they had to accomodate it initially in order to bring all the states into the union.
Republicans later had to fight to free the slaves from the Democrats' plantations. In fact, we still are trying to do that.
DWinMadison (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 15:58
American_Sharec... (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:01
sinz54 (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:02
Epps: "too many progressives see only the imperfection and shame in the
Constitution's history and blind themselves to the promise of its text."
Just as I suspected.
I'm glad you're honest enough to admit that.
Most other left-wingers aren't as honest as you about that, when they have to put it in writing or state it for the CNN cameras.
In the coming 2012 political campaign, we will do our best to find out how many other progressives have blinded themselves to the promise of the Constitution due to their neurotic free-floating guilt complex over living in--as Lincoln called America--"the last, best hope of Earth."
Charlie Brown (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:06
The constitution was about human freedom and non-coercive cooperation between folks acting towards their own interests. You religious fanatical Socialists tore the Constitution to shreds by defining it as whatever 5 out of 9 judges think it might should be on any particular Tuesday. What you're getting is a failing system based on central planning which has never worked in the course of human history (psst.. cause the world is too complicated and dynamic). Better off letting people sort out their own situations based on local knowledge within a simpler framework of common sense laws - not this overlawyered monstrosity that is collapsing. Look at Cali. It's the perfect model of a failed state.
American_Sharec... (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:12
".....These charlatans are not being answered as they should be..."
Perhaps your problem lies within the composition of the average leftist. As most leftists are incapable of expressing a coherent argument without Ad hominem attacks on straw-men, making reasoned debate as meaningless as a schoolyard brawl. The leftist do not disguise their hatred of an enemy that exists largely in their own minds. They re-phrase the arguments of the opposition in terms of their own tired narrative, making any meaningful discussion fruitless. In short, leftists are not capable of reason, only the emotional reaction to any perceived attacks on their favored sacred cows.
The arguments made by " the Pauls (father and son)" are well reasoned, well researched, articulate and appealing. Your inability to respond in kind is not a testament to their integrity ("charlatans".... really?) but to your own bigotry and inability to see anything outside your restrictive narrative.
In short, your own arrogance is to blame for your problems.
Doug_Piranha (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:18
Liberals want to reclaim the Constitution? The United States Constitution? The one you've been using to wipe your collective bottom for the past century? THAT Constitution?
Mr. Epps, you do indeed have before you a very tough job and it is YOU and people of like mind who have made it so.
oldbrowser (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:18
HopyMcChange (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:27
Neal Sears (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:27
CO Defender (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:29
Neal Sears (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:29
Neal Sears (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:30
BradMueller (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:32
In 1700s "regulated" didn't mean what we think it does today. Up until the mid 1800s it was taken to mean qualified. A clock was said to be regulated in that it was qualified to give accurate time. In the sense of a civilian militia it meant that you had been drilled and had the equipment to do the job.
The militia was every free male over 16 years old who could show up with their own equipment.
BradMueller (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:34
johnleehooker (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:38
Robert Dalton (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:39
And this week's prize for the most ridiculous straw man argument goes to "Since one of the standard conservative talking points is that the "original intent" of the framers is an infallible guide to wisdom..."
Conservatives adhere to amendments to the constitution as strongly as we do to those parts of the original document that have not been amended. What we are opposed to is supplanting a system for amending and enhancing the constitution (that was deliberately made to be challenging and to require widespread support) with a process that currently consists of waiting until right combination of senile SCOTUS judges is left on the bench to override their intellectual superiors and the will of the people.
If you really believe there should be stronger gun control legislation or more access to abortion, there are two methods for changing or adding to the constitution. When the idea makes sense, it can happen quickly and easily (18 year old voting was ratified in 100 days). If you cannot get it ratified, you might want to reconsider your position.
johnleehooker (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:41
DoggyDaddy (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:41
Walther11 (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:47
What part of the District of Columbia v. Heller Supreme Court case don't you understand? The supreme court ruled that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects an individual's right to possess a firearm. The entire clause you refer to is a prefatory clause announces a purpose, but does not limit or expand the scope of the second part, the operative clause.
David Morris (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:57
Isn't it interesting how the Left twists everything they say. You leftists have never been for the constitution, Even Barack "the Constitutional Lawyer" HA, thinks it is a "living document" what a laugh.
What you are saying Mr. Epps, is that the left needs to bastardize and change the Constitution to fit your progressive big government all inclusivness. That will never work. You will need to pry my gun and bible (As your president called me and was never called out on it) out of my cold dead hands.
David Morris (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 16:58
David Morris (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:00
Mark Crawford (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:04
orion007 (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:14
Raul Planas (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:17
Founding fathers were fallible and they recognized it. That is why they created an amendment process. But they also understood amendments should not be subject to political whim which is why there is a such a high bar.
To avoid such political whim the constitution should be taken as such. It should be interpreted literally and on the original authors intent where vague. If an amendment supersedes any part of the constitution it should also be interpreted literally and on the original authors intent where vague. No changing of interpretation should be a "sign of the times". If times indicate that a portion of the constitution is incorrect, it should not occur on persons whim or opinion. Rather follow the process detailed in the constitution and create an amendment. It has happened before and is the proper way as intended.
St_cajetan24 (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:22
Ncarrizo (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:25
Yeah, liberals do need to re-claim the constitution, and could start with disclaiming such shameless old socialist shams as Carter's old has-been-communist Brezensski who was given air time on MSNBC's Morning Joe this morning. Get it right befor you open you silly mouth!
Bob Acker (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:57
John Galt (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 17:58
R. G. Price (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:00
R. G. Price (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:03
That doesn't really change anything. But furthermore, the 2nd amendment explicitly says that the purpose of the "right to bear arms (arms being undefined by the way) is to defend THE STATE. To claim that the 2nd amendment provides a right to bear arms for "persona use" or "self defense", no matter what one may think about those things (personally I support the right to own guns for such purposes) is to patently disregard the plain text of the amendment.
"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."
retired.military (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:05
Biggcatt (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:07
Progressives always throw out the racism canard when refering to the Tea Parties references to the original intent. First, even though the original constitution allowed slavery, it had built into it the tools to eventually rid us of it. The South succeeded because slavery was on its way out and the only way they could stop that was to leave the Union. At least that's what the history books say, even though the original bone of contention was tariffs. Lincoln would have kept slavery if it would have saved the Union, that was his over riding concern. The Gettysburg address and the Emancipation Proclamation were more about making it politically impossible for the French or British to intervene on behalf of the South as their populations were adamantly anti-slavery, than it was about his strong abolitionist feelings.
But if the anti-slavery factions had pushed their point at the formation of the Union, it would have never happaned. The southern states would have simply refused to join. The Northern and Mid Atlantic states would have created their own confederacies as well and no one would have had the justification or the means to go to war with the south. North America would have ended up a patch work of small nations like South and Central America. The original constitution was not pro-slavery as many Progressives suggest. It was merely practical. It asserted that the Union was more important than ending slavery. Now you may disagree with that assessment, but that is a far cry from being a pro slavery document.
Finally, when the Tea Party refers to the original intent, they are refering to the intent of the active portions of the Constitution when ratified. This is important because the Constitution is a contract amongst the citizens as to what our government shall be. For a contract to be valid it must be clearly understood. You cannot arbitrarily change the meaning of words. For example, Congress is given the authority to "regulate interstate commerce." This when penned make to make trade between the states regular, as in unimpeded. In Wickard v. Filburn in 1941 the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could regulate anything that was even indirectly related to interstate commerce. This makes a mockery of limited government as everything, including my stool, is indirectly related to interstate commerce. Hence Federal regulations dictating the amount of water my commode may use.
Another example of this is the abuse of the General Welfare clause. "If Congress can do whatever in their discretion can be done by money, and will promote the General Welfare, the Government is no longer a limited one, possessing enumerated powers, but an indefinite one, subject to particular exceptions." James Madison. And yet it is constantly refered to by Progressives for ever more expansion of government power. When Tea Partiers make reference to the original intent, they are in essence demanding government get out of their life. They are calling for the limited government originally envisioned. To a Progressive this may be a "night watchman" government, but to many of us it is Freedom.
To most Progressives the Constitution is veiwed, and rightly I think, as the single biggest obstacle to their agenda. I doubt you will find much sentimentality for the Constitution on the Left.
joe turner (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:22
When this guy stood at that lunch counter I wonder if he thought about ObamaCare. Liberals like him assured us it was totally constitutional, yet now it is set to go before the Supreme Court after having failed the constitutionality test at the appellate court level. Only a fool would say it's guaranteed to squeak past the Supreme Court.
So yes, let's protect the Constitution. Frankly, when Leftists try to ram a life changing takeover of the healthcare industry down our throats and force people to buy government defined health insurance that likely won't pass constitutional muster, I'd say we have some pretty concerns about Leftists. And this guy complains about the Right?
Charlie Brown (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:26
Editing comments. Editing what people think. That's your bread and butter. Did it ever work for Mao and Lenin and all the other clowns you all masturbate to? Probably not. Be nice, be kind , try to help people. When it all breaks down, you Marxists are always the least empathetic examples of people. Go get tickets to the Daily Show audience and swoon and hoop and holler at your priest.
Matthew Wood (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:28
Mawendt (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:28
Liberals would do better to read, understand, and abide by the constitution. You don't to reclaim something thats yours - but liberals have a history of twisting the constitution, and law, to suit their purposes. Things they couldn't get into law, or have no support.
Dan Wilson (not verified)
Mon, 2011-10-17 18:35
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(If there's one thing we know about comment trolls, it's that they're lazy)


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Main Content
You hold yourself to a higher degree than the typical guy. With your high class and expensive taste, it's no wonder you're the best dressed guy around. Slip on these dashing Wino walkshorts from Lost to add to that superior wardrobe of yours. With embroidered Lost logos and a classic look, they'll only enhance that dapper reputation you're going for.
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Elizabeth Jeager
Even Terminator Genisys' director thinks its dumb trailer spoiled the movie
Terminator Genisys' marketing team made one of the most bizarre decisions we've ever seen, when a seemingly run of the mill trailer straight up spoiled a major plot twist earlier this year. Terminator Genisys, which takes place in an alternate reality thanks to the series' built-in time travel…Polygon
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As the first victim of Bruce the Great White Shark in Steven Spielberg's seminal 1975 blockbuster, Susan Backlinie (above) made an entire generation fear the ocean and what lurked beneath the water. Where is she now, on the 40th anniversary of 'Jaws'? Breakfast is the the most important meal of the…yahoo-movies-uk
'Star Trek 3' Now Has a Title — and a Spiffy New Starfleet Uniform
It's titled 'Star Trek Beyond,' which we're DEFINITELY going to sing to the tune of Madness' 'One Step Beyond.'Yahoo Movies59 mins ago
Beyonce and Nicki Minaj Triumph at BETs
The BET Awards have just been handed out in Los Angeles, with a host of the musical A-list attending. Here we look at who picked up trophies, with Beyonce Knowles and Nicki Minaj doing well.The Hollywood Reporter
'Guardians of the Galaxy' Sequel Gets Title
'The Guardians of the Galaxy' sequel has gotten a fitting title. Check it out!Yahoo Movies
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15 Things You Were Taught That Are Lies
Don't believe everything you learn in school! Here are 15 commonly taught stories that actually have no basis in fact you've been fooled!
Elizabeth Berkley Finally Embraces 'Showgirls' After All These Years
1995 just wasn't ready for the campy brilliance of "Showgirls." But 20 years after the film flopped in theaters its star, Elizabeth Berkley, has finally embraced the cult classic -- and the film's adoring fans. On Saturday night, the former "Saved by the Bell" star gave a heartfelt speech before a…Huffington Post
Why the Academy Got it Wrong (Opinion)
Recent rule changes failed to reduce the number of best-picture nominees.The Hollywood Reporter
Star Trek Beyond Director Unveils First Image
It's official – 'Star Trek 3' will be called 'Star Trek Beyond'. Appearing on Twitter, the 43-year-old 'Star Trek' director has given us a first look from the set of 'Star Trek Beyond'. Of course, the title 'Star Trek Beyond' has been rumoured for some time already… but this is the first time we've…ryan-leston
Sony to Raise $3.58 Billion of Fresh Funds
Japan's Sony Corp is to raise a total of $3.58 billion (JPY440 billion) from a share and bond offering.Variety
- LifescriptSponsored
Angioplasty: A Family's Guide to Recovery
Here's how you can help with managing Angioplasty medications and more.
Rose Byrne on What Beauty and Glamour Mean to Her
The actress discusses the art of comedy and the hazards of body glitter.Yahoo Beauty
China box office surges nearly 50% in first half of 2015
Mainland China's box-office receipts jumped nearly 50% in the first half of 2015, powered by Hollywood tentpoles "Furious 7," "Avengers: Age of Ultron" and "Jurassic World."Los Angeles Times
Bravo Housewife Wonders Motive of New Castmates
Vicki Gunvalson, the only remaining original cast member of 'The Real Housewives of Orange County,' explains why she's weary around new cast members on the show. (June 29)Associated Press Videos
The World's First Ethiopian Sci-Fi Flick
Derelict spaceship. Waning human population. Scary Santa. Required viewing?Ozy
Why Are Joy's Eyes Blue?
My wife makes fun of me when we watch Pixar movies, because whenever I see Up or the Toy Story trilogy or Monsters, Inc., I need tissues handy at the end -- even if it's the 12th time I've seen it. So when I went to see Pixar's latest movie, Inside Out, I brought my tissues, and I definitely needed…Huffington Post
4 of the Best Music-Themed Movies (That Aren't Musicals)
Here are 4 fantastic films about music, musicians, and the mark they leave on the world.The Cheat Sheet
Gordon Gray's Race For Miracle Batten Disease Cure Update: Jon Hamm Stepped Up. Who's Next?
On June 9, Deadline revealed how Miracle producer Gordon Gray was racing the clock to raise a minimum of $10 million to run trials for a treatment that could possibly stop the progression of a rare degenerative brain disease in his two daughters. Both 4-year-old Charlotte and her younger sister…Deadline
'Martyrs' Acquired By Anchor Bay; 'Shooting The Warwicks' Gets Release Date
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15 Surprising Celebs That Are Sick
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'I Am Chris Farley' Trailer Features Humor, Heartbreak, Famous Friends
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Caitlyn Jenner Makes First Public Appearance For Pride
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Minor in Foreign Service
Who might be interested in the Minor in Foreign Service?
This certificate program is intended to help its participants prepare for an international career, whether with the U.S. State Department, with international non-governmental organizations, with international organizations, or in the private sector.
This is a 24-hour program:
- 6 hours of required classes: Introduction to International Politics and Introduction to Diplomacy,
- 9 hours of international Political Science electives,
- 9 hours of international electives in other departments.
- In their senior year, candidates write a 20-page career-oriented capstone paper in consultation with the program director.
Electives should be selected as preparation for one's proposed career.
Contact the program director, Dr. Jean-Robert Leguey-Feilleux
phone: 314.977.3033


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Batty wrote:Vetinari may well have given Vimes more purpose to live, but he hasn't saved Vimes from physical danger. Therefore he hasn't saved Vimes life in the sense that I was talking about.
Batty, I'm not clear about your 2d sentence's meaning. Help?
Vimes thrives on the "rush" of physical danger. The chase, the takedown are meat & drink to him. Physical danger seems to allow him to feel complete and, by extension, valuable. Certainly, it is what others recognize him for.
Vimes is a realist who sees people for what they are in all their extremes, small wonder he drinks.
He can "see" the paradox of human nature in AM's citizens and, more deeply, within himself.
Vimes suffers from the human condition, too, but he knows it.
Vetinari, too, is a realist who knows himself, but is not bothered by the discrepancies in human nature.
Grown-up, adult angst is a bugger to deal with.


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Fashion Collectibles #2792
Release Date: 1/1/1979
Product Code: 2792
Woven black, orange, yellow, and white plaid slacks with an elasticized waist were topped by a ribbed burnt orange shirt that had black stitching and a Ken® logo in a star decal.
All images and descriptions courtesy of Collector Books, publisher of "Barbie® Doll Fashion: Volume 3" by Sarah Sink Eames.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.
Collector Photos
No one has uploaded any photos.


text:
Vivreau News
Infection Prevention Conference
Infection Prevention Conference, Aberdeen – 23rd June 2015[]
Imbibe 'Live'
Imbibe 'Live' – should be 29th and 30th June 2015[]
Avex Show
Avex Show 30th-1st July, Manchester Central Convention Complex, Stand No. 48 [][]
Infection Prevention Conference
Infection Prevention Conference, Peterborough – 2nd July 2015[]
Infection Prevention Annual Conference
Infection Prevention Annual Conference, Liverpool – 28th – 30th September 2015[]
Infection Prevention Conference
Infection Prevention Conference, Glasgow – 28th October 2015[]
The Restaurant Show
The Restaurant Show - 5th – 7th October 2015[]
The Independent Hotel Show
The Independent Hotel Show – 20th- 21st October 2015[]
Vivreau to Sponsor the Fellows' Dinner 2014
Advanced water systems specialist Vivreau, has supplied a free Table Water Bottling system and reusable Designer glass bottles for the prestigious Institute of Hospitality Fellows' Dinner 2014, to help raise money for some truly great causes....[more]
Sustainability prize for Vivreau in the UK
In April BRITA's partner Vivreau in the United Kingdom was named "Ethical and Sustainable Supplier of the Year". Two months later it was shortlisted for the "Best Company in the Vending Industry" – proof that an environmentally friendly approach coupled with good ideas and high quality is a winning concept....[more]
Vivreau Sponsors Considerate Hoteliers Awards for a Second Year
Vivreau, the world's leading innovator and manufacturer of mains fed purified drinking systems was proud to be the water sponsor of the prestigious Considerate Hoteliers Awards which took place last week. The awards, which commend hotels for exceptional efforts in sustainability was supported by the company for the second time....[more]
Vivreau Launch Environmental 'Foot Soldiers'
Advanced water systems specialists, Vivreau, has introduced a group of 'foot soldiers' to their Planned Preventative Maintenance (PPM) team. The group of five engineers, who are all based within the M25, will either walk, or travel by tube and bus between appointments to carry out filter changes and to service Vivreau systems on site....[more]
Vivreau Show their Support to 'Scotty's Little Soldiers'
Advanced water systems specialists, Vivreau are to help raise money for the children's charity, 'Scotty's Little Soldiers' by sponsoring their annual 'Scotty Ball' which takes place on 19th October 2013....[more]
Environment Agency turn to Vivreau for Sustainable Alternative
The Environment Agency's new purpose built head office in Bristol is home to some of the organisation's key departments. From environmental protection through to the national incident team, it is the hub of support functions and head office policy....[more]
Rotorua Hospitality Awards
Embargoed for Monday, 18 June 2012 The winners of the inaugural Rotorua Hospitality Awards were announced last night at a Gala dinner at the Novotel Rotorua Lakeside....[more]
Vivreau and BRITA to form strategic partnership
Vivreau has announced an equal partnership with filtration experts BRITA GmbH. The joint agreement is described as a 'beneficial coming together of two significant brands, which will help each push into new markets and territories'....[more]
Vivreau attends MEA Conference in Sydney, Australia
SYDNEY AUSTRALIA MARCH 22 2012: Vivreau the innovators of the Table Water Bottling System, announces its first trade show in Australia will be at the MEA Conference at the Sydney Convention and Events Centre, on the 21-24th of April. Cameron Neilson General Manager states "The show presents the ideal platform to target key stakeholders within the industry in launching its unique bottling systems for still and sparkling water"...[more]
Have you got the bottle?
Vivreau, found on stand A60, will be revealing the new V20 tap design to visitors. It is rumoured to incorporate a futuristic new control system along with more stylish look...[more]
Sparkling sales...[more]
The ultimate solution for hygienic water dispense...[more]
Vivreau's managing director Stephen Charles receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award at ACE Sustains 2014....[more]
Hotels Do Away with Bottled Water | ehotelier.com News Archives...[more]
Travelwires - Protea Hospitality Group on a crusade journey to dump plastic bottles...[more]
Across South Africa, the Protea Hospitality Group has started to roll-out a purified water system...[more]
Saving the Planet One Bottle at a Time...[more]
Protea Hospitality Group on a crusade journey to dump plastic bottles...[more]
We're Reducing Our Water Miles with Vivreau - ACE Conference...[more]
Vivreau set to unveil new design at Hotelympia 2012...[more]
Vi Tap...[more]
vivreau Cover Page Feature in Cooler Innovation...[more]
Water Dispensing/Purification Systems a Viable. Profitable Alternative to Single-Use Plastic...[more]
Vivreau Helps the Heroes...[more]
Vancouver Courier - South Africa wine delivers party personality...[more]
Vivreau water | The Vancouver Observer...[more]
Vancouver- Vivreau: Water for Life...[more]
If it's good enough for the president of the United States...[more]
New design for the V20 tap from Vivreau...[more]
My water ?rm tapped the zeitgeist...[more]
Vivreau Water Bottler now available in Mini / Big Hospitality...[more]
Vivreau Water makes its mark at Hotel Rafayel...[more]
Vivreau's water coolers installed at London's 5-star 'low-emission' hotel...[more]
Food Ingredients First - Vivreau Breaks the Glass Mould...[more]
Vivreau, the originator and leading supplier of water purification and ... Vivreau solutions enable hotels to maintain a profit from water sales and offer ...[more]
Vivreau has introduced a reusable glass bottle with a specially designed one-piece cap...[more]
CTV Ottawa: NAC goes green with water machine...[more]
FoodBevcom | Vivreau breaks theglass mould...[more]
Director Magazine...[more]
Personnel Today...[more]
We're Reducing Our Water Miles with Vivreau - ACE Conference...[more]
Bottled Water in the News...[more]
Bottled water uses 2000 times more energy than tap water...[more]
Hotel cuts carbon footprint in bottled water drive...[more]
Troubled Waters - Why we fell out of love with bottled water...[more]
ABC news report...[more]
Tap local resources, not bottled water...[more]


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KENTUCKY (6/27/13) – This is your daily update of what has happened on this day in history...
CIA-sponsored rebels overthrew elected government of Guatemala 59 years ago.
Mike Tyson knocked Michael Spink out in 91 seconds, in Atlantic City ($67m) 25 years ago.
Aerosmith became the first major band to let fans download a full new track free from the internet 19 years ago.
Bill Gates stepped down as Chairman of Microsoft Corporation to work full time for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation five years ago.
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St. Edward's University Welcomes Incoming Freshmen to Orientation
In early June, new faces will arrive on campus as the Class of 2015 attends Orientation at St. Edward's University. The first group of incoming freshmen will visit campus June 9–10 for the opening session of the New Undergraduate Student and Parent Orientation, which welcomes the newest Hilltoppers and their parents to campus.
The New Undergraduate Student Orientation Program at St. Edward's University is designed to provide incoming freshmen with the tools and know-how needed to help assure a smooth transition into college life.
Students will learn more about their major, meet with an academic advisor, register for classes and become acquainted with the services, organizations and people that make St. Edward's such a remarkable place. Participation in one orientation session is required.
The remaining members of the class are set to arrive for Orientation throughout the summer on the following dates:
Session 2 — June 16–17
Session 3 — June 23–24
Session 4 — July 14–15
Session 5 — July 21–22
Session 6 — Aug. 24–25
Orientation sessions will address the St. Edward's mission, academic requirements, faculty expectations and university resources. In addition, participants will have the opportunity to meet current student leaders, other new families, university administrators and faculty members. View the Freshmen Orientation Schedule.
Parents will have the opportunity to become acquainted with all aspects of St. Edward's University by attending tailored sessions. View the Parent Orientation Schedule.
Need help navigating the campus? Please feel free to ask a member of the St. Edward's community or consult a directional kiosk near the Bookstore.
To sign up for freshman orientation, use the online orientation registration form. To use this system, select "Accepted Students."


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June 16 - August 2FLYP reading logs will be available starting June 9. All children, birth to 5th grade, are invited to participate in FLYP (Florida Library Youth Program) which includes books and other prizes for reading and fun, weekly performances from magician Mark Alan, St. Johns County Youth Services Staff including Slime Sisters Science and "Frozen" in July, and much more. All performances, the celebratory ice cream party, and the $1000 worth of book prizes are generously sponsored by the Friends of the Ponte Vedra Beach Branch Library. Call the library at 827-6950 for more details.
June 16 - August 2
Beginning June 9, we encourage all rising 6th-12th graders to stop by the Reference Desk to pick up reading bookmark reviews and participate in our Summer Reading Program which begins on June 16. Read whatever you like, write a short review for each book, and turn them in at the Reference Desk. All reviews will be entered into a weekly raffle for free teen fiction books from our prize cart. With your permission on the bookmark, your reviews may be posted to our library's website. At the end of the summer, three grand prize winners will each receive a gift certificate to The Bookmark, a great used book store in Neptune Beach. All prizes are generously sponsored by the Friends of the Ponte Vedra Beach Branch Library.


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Attention TV/Radio Announcers:
Please broadcast the following as soon as possible:
Here is an item of interest to swimmers.
Due to inclement weather, lifesaving services at Hap Mun Bay Beach, Kiu Tsui Beach and Trio Beach in Sai Kung District have been suspended. Beach-goers are advised not to swim at these beaches.
Ends/Thursday, September 10, 2009


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Creating the Calm Within LCW, 10:30 to 11:30 a.m.Kathleen Lubanski, RN, NPWeekly class teaches relaxation techniques for cancer patients and survivors, and their loved ones. Call for information; pre-registration not required.760-834-3798 Read More Lunch and Lose ACTU through Sep 24, noon to 1 p.m.M beginning September 30, noon to 1 p.m.Lisa Lindley, MD, Gynecology/Obstetrics, certificate in Obesity MedicineWeekly class provides focus on weight loss, nutrition and support.760-568-1234 Read More
Nutrition and Prostate Cancer: Eating Well for Health LCTH, Sep 12, 5 to 6:30 p.m.Carolyn Katzin, MSPH, CNS, MNT760-834-3798; light dinner, register by Sep 11. Read MoreRadiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Understanding Your Treatment Options LCLunch and Learn with the ExpertM, Sep 16, noon to 1:30 p.m.Robert Johnson, MD, Radiation Oncology760-834-3798; light lunch, register by Sep 13. Read More
Bariatric Surgery Information ACW, Sep 18, 5:30 to 7:30 p.m.Bobby Bhasker-Rao, MD, General Surgery760-778-5220 Read More
How to Be Younger Next Year ACHealthy Night OutW, Sep 18, 4:30 to 6:30 p.m.Joseph Scherger, MD, MPH, Vice President, Primary Care and the Marie E. Pinizzotto, MD, Chair of Academic Affairs760-568-1234. $8 for heart-healthy dinner; payment due by Sep 13. Read More CALENDAR KEY
Most classes and lectures are free and early registration is recommended. For a full listing of lectures, events, programs and support groups, visit emc.org/calendar. Online registration is available for most events.
AC Annenberg Center for Health Sciences at EisenhowerLC Eisenhower Lucy Curci Cancer Center
Would you like to have someone from Eisenhower Medical Center speak to your organization on a health-related topic? Please contact Vanessa Shanks at 760-834-7956 for more information.
By: Maggie Downs
If you've already begun treatment for cancer, Katzin recommends focusing on two critical areas of your diet. "Getting enough protein is incredibly important," she says. "For most people, that means adding one more serving per day. Also, sufficient hydration is essential, and in some cases, that means electrolytes as well."
For cancer prevention, Katzin recommends a Mediterranean, plant-based diet, rich in antioxidants. According to the National Cancer Institute, at least 35 percent of all cancers have a nutritional connection, which is why Katzin recommends giving meals a nutritional makeover with these tips:
Veggie and Fruit Power - Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day — eight to 10 servings are even better. - Eat a salad every day with olive oil and lemon juice, or balsamic vinegar. Add pine nuts, walnuts or almonds on top of your salad for omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins and dietary fiber. Adding hard-boiled egg whites increases the protein. - Eat lots of fresh fruit.
Super Berries - Half a cup of berries (fresh or frozen) has as much cancer fighting antioxidant activity as five servings of most other fruits and vegetables. - Pack a lot of power into your breakfast by tossing berries on your cereal or by making a smoothie.
Eat Often - Eat high fiber, folate-rich beans and peas three or more times per week. - Eat all types of cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, bok choy and other cruciferous vegetables which are particularly rich in cancer-fighting phytonutrients. - Limit soy food phytoestrogens to no more than 30 mg per day if you have estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. - Use garlic when cooking. - Use watercress often — it is rich in beta carotene and other phytonutrients. - Eat watermelon, pink grapefruit and tomatoes often for lycopene and other phytonutrients. - Eat green, red and yellow bell peppers often for vitamin C. - Eat cantaloupe, pomegranates, blueberries, apricots, spinach and carrots often for beta carotene. - Always include lettuce and tomato in your sandwiches. If possible, ask for peppers, spinach and other vegetables.
The Furious Five Cancer Fighting Foods Though all fruits and vegetables contain nutritional goodness, these five foods are so fierce they've been dubbed the furious five for their cancer-preventing and cancer-fighting potential.
Watercress Twice the calcium of milk, twice the iron of spinach and richer in folic acid, vitamins A, C, E and B6.
Berries The darker the berry, the more they will hold free radicals at bay.
Guava JuiceOne of the richest fruit-based sources of vitamin C. This tangy juice also contains vitamin A, copper, manganese and folate, which is necessary for producing new, healthy cells.
Avocado Rich in powerful antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as vitamins, minerals, fiber and healthy oleic acid.
Walnuts One of the best plant sources of protein, walnuts are incredibly rich in fiber, B vitamins, magnesium, antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids.