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- Orlando Hawkins
- La Verne, CA
- United States
This conversation is closed.
Is it possible to have a sense of justice without governments or religions telling us right from wrong
Perhaps a better way to ask this question is do we have an innate sense of justice or injustice?
Let's pretend that we are living in the state of nature or some sort of stateless society that does not rely on some sort of centralized power. Would it be possible to have a sense of justice? Can we trust people to come up with rational decisions w/o a system of government? Or would it be imperative that a system of government be established to tell us right from wrong?
Another aspect to this question would be the issue of relativism and absolutism. Let's pretend that there is a culture who's cultural norm is that "every 2nd child upon the age of 12 must have one arm chopped off". If we are a relativist how do we respond to such an issue? WE all know the dangers of absolutism (i.e. the Gulag) but if someone was to point out the injustice that such a culture is practicing a typical relativist response is "who are you to say that such cultural practices are wrong and a product of injustice"? How do we deal with this issue? Would it be imperialistic to take action?
The second paragraph may have digressed a bit from my original question but the point is, do we have an innate sense of justice (or right or wrong) and if so would we really need governments or God to tell us right from wrong or what constitutes as Justice? If it is the case that we do not have an innate sense of justice, what is the best way to establish our sense of Justice? Religion? Government? Society? What would be the middle ground?
Roy Bourque
Jan 6 2014: I believe that the answer depends on who you are. I have known people that couldn't distinguish right from wrong without having something else to base it on. For them, right is conformance to a law or principle, and wrong is violation of same. Without such a framework, they are at a loss as to how to distinguish between the two. They are easily persuaded by authority or the loudest voice, whichever makes the greatest appearance. And when the pressures of survival are concerned, survival of their own kind gets the greatest attention; the end justifies the means.
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I know adults that believe that you could go to jail for cutting off the tags on mattresses and pillows because that is what the tag says, even when it is their own, bought and paid for. For them, they need a reference to guide them. That is why religions and governments are so popular. They set the guidelines for righteous living by their followers.
That being said, religions and governments which are corrupt are also very dangerous, since they can persuade others to commit acts, which by nature are evil, but seen as righteous by those who are dependent on leadership. Hitler's reign of terror, and the militant Muslims of the modern world are examples of follow the leader without personal convictions. They believe that they are innocent because they only did what they were told. They do not claim responsibility for their own actions because the decision wasn't theirs.
By definition, it would be imperialistic to take action against a cultural standard, but that doesn't make it wrong. Many cultural standards are based on old ideologies, which may have been necessary at the time that they were adopted. Those that see the light must not hide it .
Those who have a moral compass are not the majority. They base their moral convictions on a higher law. Some call it God, some call it the laws of nature. For me, these two are inseparable.
Jan 7 2014: Roy, if you've not heard of it before, you might be interested in Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development. Lots of results if you Google it. The psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg theorised about 3 levels of moral development that we all progress through, but not necessarily through all of them (if that makes sense - I should be in bed :)). It's interesting how closely his descriptions tie in with the observations in your first paragraph. Kohlberg might say that the people you describe hadn't moved past the 2nd level of moral development (the Conventional Level), which is kind of rules-focussed, and onto the 3rd level (the Post-Conventional Level) which is more abstract.
Jan 7 2014: Sara,
I have not heard of it, thanks for the info, I will look it up when I get a chance.
Jacob Warren
Jan 6 2014: I think we all possess a sense of justice but I think its tied to our ego and unfortunately, more often than not, it tends to be limited in scope and related to selfishness. Maybe all structures thatseek to enforce a sense of justice have never been more than a striving for power over others, but to know that we would have to know the minds of the people that formed them and that is impossible. It is hard enough knowing our own minds. We have the potential to be a savage species, but we also have the potential for compassion (which I think is a requisite of true justice) and I think there are countless examples of both through the ages. I have hope for the future because it seems that we are headed towards an understanding that the boundaries that separate us as humans are mostly in our heads. I hope we come to toleration of other cultures and then move past it to acceptance and appreciation of other cultures and ideas. What knowledge has been eternal? What social, philosophical, or scientific idea has remained unchanged through the course of human evolution? None. As we grow we change and I think its a healthy practice to acknowledge to ourselves that none of has the whole picture so none ofus are "absolutely" right about anything.
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Jan 6 2014: Hi Jacob,
I like your last point when you said "what Knowledge has been eternal? what social, philosophical or scientific idea has remained unchanged through the course of human evolution"?
I agree with you on that account but could this be the result of us continually learning? And could it be the case that some of what we know socially, philosophically and scientifically is indeed true? Could possibly be absolutely right?
Jacob Warren
Jan 6 2014: Id say yes to all. Ideas are fleshed out and reformed as we learn more, yes some of our ideas may be completely true but it seem limiting if not dangerous to assume so. We stop questioning and seeking when we assume we "know". Great topic, sir. You sure got the blood pumping for a lot of us!Jan 8 2014: Apparently, I've come a little late to this debate, but felt like pitching in.
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Yes, it is possible to have a sense of justice without government and certainly without religion. We have to learn from others how to be a just person, given that the very definition of justice is absolute bounded by our culture and environment.
If we did all have born with moral values there would be no difference between all of us on that matter. We would all agree what's right or wrong: just as we all have two lungs we would all think alike.
That said, government is still the best way to assure an acceptable level of justice. As pointed out in some comments, what is considered just today was not in the past and probably won't be in the future. So, to have a society that live by the same values, it's necessary to have someone providing balance.
Now, what really amazes me is how some people are still trying to make justice and moral behavior an exclusively religious feature. That is highly offensive, as pointed out by some fellows below and a proof that religious indoctrination is a powerful tool to control narrow-minded people.
Jan 13 2014: It's an interesting paradox that we are capable of being moral individuals that can be guided by reason without the constraints of government but yet we still need government to keep us in check.
Jan 14 2014: I don't see it as a paradox, but as the consequence of two separate issues that the proposed question raises.
The first one is that, as a society, we have differences amongst individuals, each one with a certain educational level, a different background, a unique cultural environment and so on. It's in that sense that I put that government is still the best way to provide balance to this inequalities. It works as a safety net so to speak, to guarantee at least some justice.
The second point is that as individuals we are capable of developing our sense of justice without the influence of that same government, just by the means of education and social improvement. In this level any kind of imposed moral values should be irrelevant.
So what that means is that we don't get our moral values from the government, on the contrary, society provides the acceptable behaviour and the government makes laws to provide that common ground to everybody. Of course that in such a rich and diverse social structure as we had throughout time, find this common ground has been a constant and difficult struggle, specially to minorities of all kind.
Maybe my first answer should have been more elaborate from the beginning and go something like this:
• It's possible as an individual to have a sense of justice without government;
• It's not possible, for now, as a society to have a sense of justice without government;
• In both cases, religion is unnecessary.
Sara Fryett
Jan 4 2014: Not sure whether this point has already been raised somewhere and I've missed it, but Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism all have some form of the Golden Rule in their holy writings i.e. treat others as you'd want to be treated yourself. I'd be surprised if that were limited to these religions. So, one of the things I get from that is the Golden Rule is either innate or it's an adaptive philosophy that naturally evolves within societies. Alternatively, you could argue that it's the development process of a religion that frequently gives rise to the Golden Rule as, perhaps, a result of deep reflection - but I think that still points to it being something innate.
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Having said that, we go awry, of course. Our fundamental sense of right and wrong is far from being the only influence on our opinions and behaviours. And the Golden Rule may be simple, but applying it may be complicated. That's where I think religions and good governments come into it. (Good govts = govts whose laws reinforce and don't massively contradict that universal moral). Every now and then we need a compassionate, deep-thinking Siddhartha Gautama or Jesus or Muhammad to come along and give us guidance and nudge us back on track for a while (or a Gandhi or a ... Geldof? But, without founding a religion, their moral influences are probably less enduring). And good governments also give us a consistent and stable set of rules to deal with moral quandaries and deter more extreme violations of the Golden Rule when we need it.
So, conclusion: we have an innate sense of right and wrong - or something like it - but as a species we still need religion, governments or some external force to counteract other influences and guide our moral application.
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Dec 30 2013: why don't you answer directly ? I'm not that sensitive or is because you are that sensitive ?
Look , if you don't want talk with me , it's fine , no problem , you're free to talk with anybody you want to , but do not comment about what I wrote here because in that case I'll interfere .
Yes, an avocado could come from an apple tree , if the laws that make the apple tree to give apples stop existing for a moment , an avocado could come from the apple tree . A miracle if you want . Nobody can prove miracles don't happen , therefore logically there is a tiny possibility they might happen .
What about lion is the supreme king of the jungle (this being the hierachy established by nature) ? Should I say 'kill me now' , too ?
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Dec 30 2013: For those wondering what Chris linked to here's an abstract from the summary on Wikipedia:
"Dominance hierarchy arises when members of a social group interact, often aggressively, to create a ranking system. In social living groups, members are likely to compete for access to limited resources and mating opportunities. Rather than fight each time they meet, relative relationships are formed between members of the same sex. These repetitive interactions lead to the creation of a social order that is subject to change each time a dominant animal is challenged by a subordinate one."
And here's from Encyclopedia Britannica:
"dominance hierarchy, a form of animal social structure in which a linear or nearly linear ranking exists, with each animal dominant over those below it and submissive to those above it in the hierarchy. Dominance hierarchies are best known in social mammals, such as baboons and wolves, and in birds, notably chickens (in which the term peck order or peck right is often applied).
In most cases the dominance hierarchy is relatively stable from day to day. Direct conflict is rare; an animal usually steps aside when confronted by one of higher rank. Temporary shifts occur; for instance, a female baboon ..."
It's completely out of context when speaking of TED Conversations, only that the name sounds good when claiming that he's being dominated by group mentality....
Dec 30 2013: I looked upon your links , the main thing it's said there is about animal social structure , I never denied it exists . I denied there is an hierarchy in the sense of 'lion being the king of the other animals ' or to be more clear in the sense of some animal is more superior than the others BECAUSE the laws of nature established that . The laws of nature are neutral , they do not establish anything like that , they just make the reality possible . Everything else are our constructs . The nature with its laws is like a brute force which doesn't take into account anything , it does not establish hierarchies on this planet , it just exists .Dec 30 2013: Why the laws of nature cannot stop exist ? what about a miraculous castastrophe ?
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Dec 30 2013: I said no hierarchy established by the laws of nature . It is different of 'no hierarchy in nature' , there is hierarchy in nature ; social structures creats them ; the laws of nature do not create them .
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It's quite easy : the crocodile .
Dave Day
Jan 1 2014: Hyena regularly attack lions, usually as a group attacking lone lions (so usually lone, adolescent males not in a pride) and take the kill from the lion. Lions statistically lose more kills to hyenas than they keep for themselves.
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Not what most people would probably expect, but there you go. Hyena are pretty nasty in a fight. Lions tend to back down unless there are a number of them to be able to face a group of hyena off with little risk of injury.
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Dec 31 2013: Well , that's it then .
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Dec 31 2013: Chris Kelly,
If one believes in a god, which I believe E G does, his statement is not a contradiction of terms, as you say.
Miraculous: "of the nature of a miracle; supernatural; working or able to work miracles"
Catastrophe: "the final event of the dramatic action esp. of a tragedy; momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin; a violent and sudden change in a feature of the earth"
If one believes in the god of the bible, the god has been responsible for lots of miraculous catastrophes.Dec 30 2013: Well, apples did not come avocados, that's true. However I do believe that you are basing this comment on your ignorance about evolution.
So here's the scientific classification of both apples and avocados, if we compare them it's quite easy to see that they have a common ancestry.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Malus
Species: M. domestica
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Persea
Species: P. americana
So while one belongs to the phylum of Magnoliophyta the other belongs to Angiosperms.
Their ancestry went apart very long ago.
So even though you are right Chris, I'm most certain that you are so on the wrong grounds.
Dec 30 2013: That's interesting Jimmy thanks. I'm not very scientific, but I AM a gardener, and as such, I am very aware of lots of mixes and cross matches with fruits and vegetables, so to see it described scientifically is interesting. It appears that EG was simply using it as an example (a miracle as he says), and I didn't think the argument against it had much purpose. Now that I see the science behind it, I find it very interesting....thanks:>)
Dec 30 2013: I'm glad that you find it interesting Colleen.
A rule of thumb for cross species hybridization is that they have to at least be in the same Family, if they are also in the same Genus hybridization is way more likely to occur then simply belonging to the same family.
So if you are doing cross breeding of plats yourself and don't want to rely simply on luck, using Google to check the scientific classification of the plats that you are trying to cross-breed will be really helpful. :)Dec 30 2013: That's right Colleen , Jimmy's argument against what I said had no purpose . I was rather talking about the logical possibilities of the miracle .
Jimmy Strobl :
I was basing my comment on simple logic , if the way you understand science is in contradiction with logic , then you got a big problem , no offense !!
Dec 30 2013: Read Jimmy's comment again E G...it appears to me that he is supporting your argument:>)Dec 30 2013: It appears wrong to you he's supporting my argument , no offense . He said that apples and avocados have common ancestry , but he also said that right now is impossible to come an avocado from an apple tree .
Logically , it's not impossible but possible . The possiblity of a miracle .
Dec 30 2013: OK E G, I guess we are interpreting it differently:>)
In my perception, as a simple gardener, if plants had the same ancestry at one time, and then parted, there is still the possibility for the plants to be reconnected, because each of them may retain a trace of the original ancestry. It could be a miracle, or it could simply be how things in nature work....just my simple interpretation:>)Dec 30 2013: E G,
I was supporting you... please read the scientific classifications and compare them.
You see, they have the common ancestry that they both belong to Plantae kingdom (meaning that they are both plants), but they went apart at the Phylum (which is hard for me to summarize what it is in basic English, I guess biology studies would be required).
As you say you are using simple logic, but I can assure you that using simple logic without the understanding of evolution and the origins of life will get you far astray from what is actually true.
Nothing can ever "de-evolve" and since they have different ancestry *EDIT from the phylum and onward* it is impossible for an avocado to turn into an apple.
However there is a term that would describe what you might be thinking about and that is "Convergent evolution" meaning that things that have very different ancestry might (and will often) develop similar traits. Almost making them the same to the naked eye. And that is something that is often mistaken for de-evolution or that evolution can turn anything into anything, however when you look through the microscope you will find that even though they may look the same they are not.Dec 30 2013: Jimmy, I thought you were supporting E G.....thanks for confirming:>)
For clarity, E G's original comment was NOT that an avocado could "turn into an apple".
His original comment is: "There is no logical relation that would lead you to the idea that an apple tree never produces an avocado".
Jimmy, you write..."You see, they have the common ancestry".
You also write..."Nothing can ever "de-evolve" and since they have different ancestry it is impossible for an avocado to turn into an apple".
The apple and avocado DO have a common ancestry, which you confirm, and E G simply stated that "There is no logical relation that would lead you to the idea that an apple tree never produces an avocado".
I suggest that with the common ancestry, and what we know about cross pollination, there is nothing to lead ME to the idea that a cross pollinated tree could not produce a cross pollinated apple/avocado.
Dec 30 2013: Colleen,
Please see my comment above to you. However I think that we should perhaps stop the in-depth conversation about this as it isn't the right Conversation to discuss this topic. I will however be glad to further inform you about how it works if you can find or create a suitable conversation.Dec 30 2013: I saw your comment above....thanks Jimmy:>)
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Jimmy Strobl
Dec 30 2013: I wrote a long response then I realized that I was taking up space on Orlandos' conversation to no use.Dec 30 2013: Colleen , you basically synthesized everything . Thanks .
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Jimmy Strobl :
I see I misunderstood you first time , I was thinking your comment had something to do with mine (and such minded I read your comment) , it hadn't much , but thanks for clarification .
Nothing can de-evolve and the convergent evolution do not leads to the identity between two organisms . What results is , obviously , that by the way of evolution an apple tree doesn't make avocados . I guess I agree .
However , logically there is still the possibility an apple tree could make avocados --- and that is the possibility of a miracle .
I don't agree that when I use simple logic I get far astray from the truth if I don't know much about evolution . It isn't possible as long as the theory of evolution is based on logic . On the contrary , if I go far enough , I might rediscover the theory of evolution .
Dec 31 2013: Well I guess that if you believe in miracles anything is possible...
Logic is very useful but it must be accompanied by knowledge to be useful. Say that you didn't know about the universe, our galaxy or what stars were. What would be your logical conclusion when looking up into the night sky? I doubt that you'd think that those white dots were just a fragment of what was really out there and you would not think that they are many times bigger then the earth is.
"On the contrary , if I go far enough , I might rediscover the theory of evolution ."
I really like that comment, you are absolutely right. That was Charles Darwin did so now you don't have to spend your entire life gathering evidence for it, you can just order The Origin of Species. :)Dec 31 2013: Thanks for the feedback E G:>)Dec 31 2013: For a moment yes , I would not think those things , but in 2000 years I would probably get to the same conclusions modern science did .
I ordered The Origins of Species quite a bit of time ago , I didn't read it all , there were a lot of stories about pigeons , and other domestic animals in the first chapters ......... it wasn't really what interested me . What interested me was the principle of evolution and guess what , I found it in the first chapters too --- natural selection with the survival of the fittest and something about different types of variations which occur in organisms .Dec 30 2013: Hang in there Chris.... I did hear of a fellow who cut in an avocado branch into an apple tree trunk to see if it would grow... I don't know how it turned out... if it worked you could make the claim that avocados grow on apple trees... I have said more with less....Dec 30 2013: For people who claim to not be scientists and wondering about evolution this picture might help you get a grasp on how the classification of species work. There are better pictures but then I'd have to either search longer or provide download links that nobody will use.
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Dec 30 2013: This comment that you made was both passive aggressive and arrogant Chris Kelly. Even if you read my comment as such it was not my intention to be either.
Helen Hupe
Dec 29 2013: I think that humans do have a basic sense of justice. But since we do have an animal nature...ie, being alpha, being greedy and all the other more atrocious stuff we do to enhance our selves or act out anger, we do need a system of enforceable laws for protection from others who might not be as compassionate.
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Dec 30 2013: HI Helen,
well said! That was my one of main concerns about the question I was going to ask. If there was no system of government in place to keep conduct in order, what exactly could we do to serial killers and rapist? Is there a way in which we could tell if their actions are immoral and how would we come about this?
Helen Hupe
Dec 30 2013: I guess we would live like beasts and engage in vicious retribution. After all humans are or can be motivated by more than instinct. We can make choices based on reason.
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Helen Hupe
Dec 30 2013: I might add that humans have a sense of self awareness that animals do not.
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sally redway
Dec 26 2013: Doesn't justice come from what the leader (or most powerful individual in a society) would like things to be? The populace ultimately want the survival of the group so that the leader is chosen because they can demonstrate that they have the power to ensure that food is shared, medicine administered, property divided fairly etc etc. This is to ensure the survival and health of the group. The leader is elected/endorsed because he or she can ensure the survival of the group by these methods.
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In animal groups too, the dominant male, has things the way he wants for the same able reason. He administers justice but only because the group want it.
Dec 26 2013: Yes, stripped of all complexities justice looks like the instinct of survival, individual or collective.Dec 28 2013: In a state or government like system your analysis is correct. this is only the case when people believe that they are incapable of being reasonable with one another and therefore appoint a leader or ruler to tell them what to do.
This can also be the case when you consider population and scarcity. Depending on the size of the population, there would need to be someone to keep count of the food source and make sure it is equally distributed.
Personally i think all this can be done democratically or within the community. I personally believe that people can be reasonable in that way. You'll have your issues of course but for the most part I think it could work. How this would come about is something that I am not sure of.
You are correct about what you said about the animal groups and the good thing about being human is that we have the capacity to not be all too human (or animalstic).Dec 26 2013: An interesting topic Orlando. As thinking beings we are able to create logical justification for any action at all even for something that other people find absolutely heinous. So since we rely very heavily on thought processes to determine things such as justice, we tend to arrive at models of justice that fit a particular group's ideas around fairness. I would like to point out that thought itself is an an action we perform, a tool we use. Thought creates a false reality for each of us and ultimately dangerous unsatisfying societies. If anyone along this thread accepts this concept then it begs a question.what would a sense of justice look like among a group of people who did not overuse the 'thought' tool?. It would come from a feeling instead and that feeling is called compassion.
Dec 26 2013: Good points Joanne, and I accept the concept you offer. Do you think/feel those who push their beliefs onto others generally have a sense of compassion? It seems that they may be so engaged with their righteousness that they do not see or feel beyond it?
Dec 27 2013: Hi Colleen thanks :).To answer your question, righteousness and compassion are not really the same thing, would you agree Colleen? Someone acting from righteousness is attempting an act of dominance and so its about THEM not the other. I think you raise an interesting nuance into the talk as how do we tell the difference between righteousness and compassion even within ourselves? I think most mothers and many fathers can answer that question for us as its a kind of feeling that stems from selflessness when confounded by love.
Dec 27 2013: Joanne,
I absolutely agree that righteousness and compassion are not at all the same thing, and I did not suggest that at all. In fact, I perceive righteousness, when used to control and dominate others, totally lacks compassion. That is why I asked the question, because I agree with your idea that a feeling of justice may come from a sense of compassion.
The challenge seems to be that some who try to control and dominate others by pushing their own beliefs onto others, sometimes think they are being compassionate. It seems to go back to another part of this discussion.....what is reasonable? A person who is reasonable may have a sense of justice and a sense of compassion. My perception, is that different people use a different compass to decide what is reasonable, compassionate or just.
As I said, it seems that those who want to control and dominate with their own beliefs, may be so engaged with their righteousness that they fail to see or feel beyond it. Everyone can create an argument that supports their own personal beliefs.Dec 27 2013: Hi Colleen, I think ethics is a difficult topic to discuss at the best of times. A sense of righteousness is the most common and convenient justification for any action trivial or otherwise . Hitler and Stalin felt extremely righteous no doubt, and I have listened to horrible criminals take a righteous stance too , when asked about their crimes. I think that goes with the territory. In other words its part of the mind and the way it works to use a sense of righteousness to justify actions we, deep down, know are wrong. In this sense, righteousness is the very antithesis of compassion .
This is because we are not just our mind. Our mind is something we have evolved to assist us to work and collaborate in larger societies. Our unique mental tool actually creates a kind of false reality for us most of the time. If we are to be free, our mind should be our servant and not our master. When it becomes our master we are a slave to IDEAS and illusory consequences . When the mind is only our servant, we do not need governance.
Dec 28 2013: Hmm, this is an interesting conversation that is going on here for you both bring up excellent points
There is obviously an issue here in regards to the relationship between one's motives and one's actions. Personally I do not buy into the righteousness argument too much. There could perhaps be people that are completely ignorant or unaware of their wrongdoing. When we are talking about extremely heinous crimes and just pure human cruelty, could it really be argued that some of these individuals were acting because they thought they were doing the right thing? It is true that both Hitler and Stalin justified their actions by invoking some sort of higher principle but I believe they were well aware of the suffering that was involved.
I believe at some point, when you see another individual(s) suffer at your hands and see first hand the pain that they are experiencing, you know that what your doing could perhaps be wrong for the person who is suffering.
Interesting comments though. Wish I would of jumped in much sooner.Dec 28 2013: Hi Joanne,
I don't agree that ethics is a difficult topic to "discuss"....we've seen quite a few conversations on that topic here on TED. It does however, seem like it is difficult for some people to apply to the life experience.
I agree that "a sense of righteousness is the most common and convenient justification for any action". That is why I continue to express the idea that one's perception of justice/injustice may be relative, depending on an individual's personal beliefs. I too have heard offenders try to justify their crimes using their own "logic" and "reason".
That was the reason for the "cognitive self change" sessions I co-facilitated with incarcerated offenders. We simply asked "how would you feel if someone did to you, what you did to that person"? We tried to light a little spark of compassion, and tried to get the offenders to question their actions/reactions which usually put them behind bars. We tried to get them to see and feel that the logic and reason they were using was not really very logical, reasonable or practical.
I agree that the mind has evolved to assist us to work and collaborate in societies, and the stories we tell ourselves with mind chatter, can indeed create a false reality. Until we change those stories, we continue to function with a story that supports behaviors, and behaviors that supports our story as we have accepted it.
If we are to be free, I suggest that it is important to KNOW THYSELF.Dec 29 2013: "what would a sense of justice look like among a group of people who did not overuse the 'thought' tool?."
What about a group of indigenous hunter- gatherers who obviously don't overuse the ' thought ' tool ? Most likely they wouldn't understand what justice means. They have the sense ( a sense not a notion ) of of interconnectedness of all things instead. Everything is happening here and now, condensed at the present moment ; what is , simply is, it can't be unjust because it can't be otherwise. If it is the case the notion of justice has no meaning.
But the truth is, i don't have a clue how they perceive reality, alas !Dec 29 2013: I would say we misuse the ' thought' tool. We use it to think our problems into existence and when we face them we perceive them as an 'objective reality' and start to think how to solve them inevitably creating new thought-hurdles to overcome.
It's misuse. Would you agree ?
' Thinking' is a precious commodity and we don't have enough of it to answer the question
" Who am I ? "
What would a sense of justice look like for a person who knows ?
Dec 30 2013: I agree Natasha and I think you have picked up on the point I was trying to make. Unless we learn this lesson we are forever caught on the mind's treadmill and are lost from our own humanity.Dec 30 2013: I agree with your ideas Natasha and Joanne,
Joanne, you mentioned compassion in a previous comment as part of a sense of justice. Natasha mentions a sense of interconnectedness of all things, and I believe these concepts to all fit together. When we have a sense of interconnectedness, there tends to be more compassion, which contributes to a sense of justice?
I agree that the thought process in relationship to justice/injustice can be overused, because with thoughts, people can justify almost anything. So perhaps with certain thoughts, some folks may not have a sense of justice/ interconnectedness/compassion? It is very difficult to feel compassionate if one is focusing on his/her own personal gain, and I believe that what we focus on expands. As you insightfully say Joanne...."unless we learn this lesson we are forever caught on the mind's treadmill and are lost from our own humanity".
How do we apply this information in the daily life? What is the practical use for this information? Back to Joanne's original question...""what would a sense of justice look like among a group of people who did not overuse the 'thought' tool?."
I suggest that people are NOT going to stop thinking. Who decides, or how is it decided, that the "thought tool" is overused or underused?
Dec 31 2013: Hi Colleen, the mind evolves an endless array of scenarios, rules and expectations that are increasingly complex and compelling. A lot of it is quite useful stuff that we need to participate in, in order to run our encreasingly complex daily lives. A lot of stuff we think and believe and worry about is just useless delusion that wears us down and uses up our precious life force for no purpose. However it IS a relatively simple learning experience to begin to connect with ourselves without the monkey chatter. It is very fulfilling and satisfyimg to live like this, not as a slave, but as a free human. I think when people practice this and understand it they usually want to continue like that. I cannot predict whether or not people will begin to try to find this path but I hope they do.Dec 31 2013: Natasha, I think people have an inner guide that is compassionate. At the moment,, as our world is currently, most of us rarely connect with it.
Dec 31 2013: I agree with what you said in your previous comment Joanne...."a lot of stuff we think and believe and worry about is just useless delusion that wears us down and uses up our precious life force...."
I believe it is MUCH MORE simple and useful to genuinely connect with ourselves without the mind chatter (monkey chatter as you call it) because, as you insightfully say, the mind chatter is often delusional....either rehashing the past, or projecting the future....neither of which is the reality in the moment. I agree that it is fulfilling and peaceful to live like this.....in the moment. One of the first steps, is to recognize it for what it is, then there is a possibility of changing the pattern.
I also agree that people have an inner guide that may be compassionate, and I believe the majority of people DO connect with it. Although I am very aware of injustice in our world, I am also very aware of all those who demonstrate compassion, a feeling of interconnectedness and justice in every single moment. What we focus on expands.....in my humble perception:>)Jan 2 2014: Probably, this inner guide is the sense of interconnectedness, which is the precondition for love, compassion. We have lost touch with this sense, because of intellect, thinking . I don't see another way to bring it back, but through thinking intellect....i think :)
Happy New Year !Jan 3 2014: Hi Natasha....Happy New Year!
You say...."probably, this inner guide is the sense of interconnectedness, which is the precondition for love, compassion".
This stimulates the question for me.....which comes first? Is the sense of interconnectedness a precondition for love and compassion? Or is compassion a first step toward feeling interconnectedness?
I feel that we cannot give something out to others, that we do not have in ourselves. So, it seems that a sense of compassion and justice (love) in and for ourselves might be needed before we can feel interconnections with others? What do you think?
bart hsi
Dec 25 2013: Humans, even animals, certainly have some innate sense of justice. But because humans have the ability to think intelligently or have the individual judgment, so that they may develop certain additional concept of justice or injustice either by themselves while getting older, or by the teaching of past philosophers.
- +2
At least in my opinion, the government "law" as well as religious doctrine are not very reliable, because they are made BY MAN. Occasionally, certain government or religion are led by people who are almost absolutely immoral, so how could they make (religious or governmental) "laws" for justice?
In history, there have been few people who became hermits to be isolated from the religion or government. There have also been people who declared themselves as free from government taxes or citizen obligations (conscientious objectors, etc.) ,but they were far and few who could survive for long!
Timo X
Jan 19 2014: In the beginning there was nothing. Then the government created God, who shaped man in his likeness, and woman from his likeness's rib. Adam and Eve, as they were called, soon fell for a reverse timeshare scam in which they traded their access to paradise for the knowledge of morality. How outrageous they now felt about this grave injustice! Regardless, it was a good day for God, for he had two followers now. And he Tweeteth: 'Go forth and multiply, so sayeth your LORD YAHWEH.' Adam and Eve felt much happier after this commandment and kept themselves quite busy. So much, in fact, that God decided to add: 'Do not unfollow if you want back in paradise. Oh and all my pics are (c), so don't you jelly bitches dare steal!' Perhaps he was a tad jelly himself. Either way, all were happy and obedient, and the government saw that it was good and that none suspected anything about 9/11.
- +1
Thus proving the divine origin of copyright and all lesser issues of morality.
EDIT: The point, of course, being that neither God nor the government could be the source of people's ideas because they are merely institutionalized forms of people's ideas. As for your question regarding moral relativism, the relativist will certainly answer: 'It depends' . But if you ask me, I answer: there is only one reality, there is only one humanity, and therefore only one morality. The specifics of this morality may be fuzzy sometimes, but the Gulag is not moral institution in anyone's book.
Jake Maddox
Jan 6 2014: I think trying to define what is right and what is wrong is the first problem. Just look at our own country and how divided it is on politics. Each party believes they are right. I think that right or wrong can boil down to what is considered human or conversely inhuman. This can vary greatly depending upon situational circumstances of the human(s) in question. I believe that humans living in conditions that are difficult for survival will ultimately make choices and decisions based on their own survival needs. A person in this case will often make decisions that are considered wrong in our society, such as lie, steal, or even kill. To this person, showing empathy or compassion may even be detrimental to their own survival, in fact, these natural and best of our human emotions may have left the person entirely. Humans living in prospering communities that support and rely on each other for survival may have a tendency to develop more of those "caring" emotions, and because the pressure for survival is minimal, the mind can suppress the more animalistic, archaic survival emotions. So I think right and wrong is a social viewpoint, not one that is innately human. We learn from a young age what is socially right and wrong. We learn from our environment, friends, school, parents, television, etc. So I think that what is considered just will vary greatly from person to person. Possessing a bottle of alcohol during the prohibition would see you jail time, but now it's ok to purchase a barrel. I live in Colorado and a year ago to possess marijuana would get you in jail, now you can purchase/possess it legally. So ultimately we have to do as our laws dictate, but that doesn't mean that they are always correct. Every person has their own moral compass. Just go with what it's telling you, because it's most likely just a product of the sum of your life experiences anyhow.Jan 6 2014: Ok Thanks to Colleen Steen I was able to extend the time for the conversation!!!! Never knew you can do that, so if you did read my previous post disregard it please.
- +1
Dave Day
Jan 6 2014: I meant no disrespect when I said that you had made me chuckle.
- +1
To me it's pretty clear that even when/where stoning, etc. takes place, it does not occur in every instance where a law is broken and a crime committed. It seems to me that to enforce the letter of the law completely would leave large swathes of the population without hands, or dead. To disable your workforce in such a way is In practice severely disabling to your whole community, not just individuals. This seems to be clear even to the most fanatical believers. They choose not to enforce the letter of the law in every instance. That's where the religious morals and laws stand.
Then we see religious laws that don't stand. It seems clear that, for instance, Christians have turned their backs on what the Old and New Testaments both say about slavery. I personally believe that religions are products of their time. We live in a world now vastly different to the Bronze Age or Iron Age. Most people, in the Western World at least, have rejected the barbarism of the old religions. In Britain we see the church having to make some stark choices. Either accept that women will be able to become priests, or see large numbers of people leave the church. Either ignore Paul's instructions about the roles of women and men in the church, or face bankruptcy (of a sort). It appears that churches in general have chosen to ignore certain rules, laws, and instructions rather than have large parts of their congregations leave.
Man-made religions, with man-made laws that do not stand the test of time. Where people try to enforce ancient laws and morality, it usually is leads to unpleasantness. It would seem illogical to imagine that 'God' changed his mind and didn't bother to turn up and tell anyone!
Have I answered the question? Maybe not, so ask away if you have more questions.
Jan 6 2014: Hi Dave,
No offense taken and yes you have answered my question in saying that we are the one's who decide what right and wrong is. It was a great post to read
Dave Day
Jan 6 2014: And there was me wondering for a few hours whether I'd offended you in some way. I think that you're too kind.
- 0
Was there a purpose to the original post? Was this for any academic purpose? Was it just for personal interest?
If you don't want to reply publicly, I understand. Just drop me a line privately if you'd prefer. (I'm just curious.)


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Developer: ArenaNet
Publisher: NCsoft
Release Date: TBA 2012
Genre: MMORPG
Guild Wars 2 is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game in development by ArenaNet. Set in the fantasy world of Tyria, the game follows the re-emergence of Destiny's Edge, a disbanded guild dedicated to fighting the Elder Dragons, a Lovecraftian species that has seized control of Tyria in the time since the original Guild Wars. The game takes place in a persistent world with a story that progresses in instanced environments.
Guild Wars 2 claims to be unique in the genre by featuring a storyline that is responsive to player actions, something which is common in single player role-playing games but rarely (if ever) seen in multiplayer ones. A dynamic event system replaces traditional questing, utilising the ripple effect to allow players to approach quests in different ways as part of a persistent world. Also of note is the combat system, which aims to be more dynamic than its predecessor by promoting synergy between professions and using the environment as a weapon, as well as reducing the complexity of the Magic-style skill system of the original game. As a sequel to Guild Wars, Guild Wars 2 will feature the same lack of subscription fees that distinguished its predecessor from other commercially developed online games of the time. [Source]
Guild Wars 2 takes place in the high fantasy world of Tyria, 250 years after the players' defeat of the Great Destroyer in the Eye of the North expansion. Five so-called Elder Dragons sleeping beneath the continent have awoken in the time since Guild Wars, causing widespread destruction to Tyria and corrupting its inhabitants. The once dominant humans of Tyria are in decline, supplanted from most of their land by natural disasters and war with the charr, who have finally reclaimed the last vestiges of their ancestral homeland of Ascalon from the humans. To the north, the norn, a proud race of Nordic hunters, have been forced south by the rise of Jormag, and in the west, the technologically advanced asura have been forced to establish permanent homes above-ground after the minions of the first dragon to awaken, Primordus, took control of the Depths of Tyria. Near the forests where the asura make their home are the sylvari, a new race who have appeared in Tyria in the last 25 years, unaffected by the difficulties that plague the other races but with some as-of-yet unexplained connection to the Elder Dragons.
To the south, the continent of Cantha has been cut off by an isolationist and xenophobic political climate, which is reinforced by Zhaitan's undead navy. Elona, too, has been cut off; the only hint of its continued prosperity being the ongoing battle between Palawa Joko's Mordant Crescent and Kralkatorrik in the Crystal Desert, as well as occasional reports from Order of Whispers spies. The Battle Isles have been wiped off the map entirely by the tidal wave caused by the re-emergence of the fallen kingdom of Orr, which came with the awakening of Zhaitan.
The advancement of time from Guild Wars is reflected in the changes in culture, including armor and clothing, as well as in the advancement of in-game technology and a unified common language.
The player is tasked with reuniting the members of the disbanded Destiny's Edge, a multi-racial adventuring guild whose members' struggles and eventual reunion serve as a microcosmic metaphor for the larger-scale unification of the playable races, whose combined strength is needed to effectively combat Zhaitan, the undead Elder Dragon. [Source]
Guild Wars 2 uses a heavily modified version of the proprietary game engine developed for Guild Wars by ArenaNet. The modifications to the engine include real-time 3D environments, enhanced graphics and animations and the use of the Havok physics system. The developers say the engine now does justice to the game's critically acclaimed concept art, and that concept art will be integrated into the way the story is told to the player.
Guild Wars 2 will allow a player to create a character from a combination of five races and eight professions, the five races being the humans and charr, introduced in Prophecies, the asura and norn, introduced in Eye of the North, and the sylvari, a race exclusive to Guild Wars 2. The professions, three of which do not appear in Guild Wars, are divided into armor classes: "scholars" with light armor, "adventurers" with medium armor, and "soldiers" with heavy armor. There is no dedicated healing class, as Guild Wars 2 is not team based, and even in a team context the developers felt that making it necessary for every party to have a healing character was restrictive.
The eight professions are:
- Elementalist: A scholar profession, focusing on, not surprisingly, magic based on the classical elements. The elementalist's unique mechanic is "attunements"; whereas the other revealed professions may switch between weapon sets, Elements may switch between four "attunements", one for each of earth, fire, water, and air. These attunements have both passive effects and change the skill bar of the character. Earth skills focus more on defense, fire skills on area of effect damage, water on healing and snares (movement impediment), and air on single target damage.
- Warrior: A soldier profession. May use both ranged and melee weapons, with ranged weapons being focused more on various types of direct damage, and melee weapons covering a variety of roles. May also use shouts, stances, and "battle standards" to buff allies and themselves. Their unique mechanic is adrenaline, which builds up as the warrior deals damage, increasing the damage of abilities, and providing a special ability when it is high enough.
- Ranger: An adventurer profession. May use both ranged an melee weapons, with the ranged weapons covering a variety of roles, and melee abilities being focused around quick movement and defense. May also use traps and spirits to defend and influence an area, respectively. Their unique mechanic is animal companions, which can be equipped with a number of different skills, for different roles, depending on the exact type of pet.
- Necromancer: A scholar profession, based on the manipulation of death. Has a number of life stealing skills, summonable minions, and a range of support abilities, in addition to some direct damage. Their unique mechanic is a "life force" resource that builds up as deaths occur near the necromancer. Life force is used to sustain a "death shroud" state, which changes part of the necromancer's skill bar, and has the necromancer use life force rather than hit points.
- Guardian: The second soldier profession. Uses Virtue (divided into three categories: Courage, Justice, and Resolve) to aid allies in combat, or use to power the Guardian's own passive abilities. Can also create wards that prevent enemies from getting any closer, and can summon enchanted weapons to help in the fight.
- Thief: An adventurer profession. May use both ranged and melee weapons and is the first class announced to use pistols. Utilizes shadowstepping, traps and stealth in combat. As a unique mechanic, rather than having cooldowns, thief skills consume some of the character's ten 'initiative' points. The thief can also steal an item from a foe and use it as an impromptu weapon.
- Engineer: An adventurer profession. Uses guns, both pistols and rifles, as well as a number of technological gadgets for offense, healing, and control. They can place turrets down on the battlefield, equip backpack kits that allow them to use mines, grenades, tools, and medicine, and equip new weapons into their hands using weapon kits, from flamethrowers to "pulling" cannons.
- Mesmer: A scholar profession wielding magic that emphasizes illusions, trickery, and the mind. Mesmers can manifest a variety of illusory doppelgängers that can be used both to deceive and damage and can at any time be sacrified ("shattered") to cause various area effects. Using illusions that attack enemies that perform certain actions, and a debuff ("condition") that causes affected enemies to take damage upon the use of skills, mesmers specialize in manipulating enemies and causing confusion and indecision.
The race and profession of the player will determine the skills that he or she has access to. Guild Wars 2, like Guild Wars, uses a skill-based combat system, whereby players must select only 10 skills from a much larger pool, introducing an element of strategy. However, unlike Guild Wars, skill slots have predefined roles, so the first five will be determined by a combination of the player's weapon and profession, the sixth can only be one of a number of healing skills, the seventh through ninth will be skills with no defined roles, and unlocked as the game progresses, and the tenth slot will be for an "elite" skill, which is also initially locked. In a departure from the high number skills present in Guild Wars, Guild Wars 2 will focus on quality of skills over quantity and will also reduce the overall number of game modes to reduce balancing complexity — one of the most common issues present in MMORPG's.
The uniquely low level cap of Guild Wars (20) has been replaced with one capping out at 80, which the developers state strikes the correct balance between allowing for character development and avoiding forcing players into the grind-based gameplay that too often accompanies a high level cap, the elimination of which was a core design principle of the original Guild Wars. In PvE, grind is combated with a sidekick system, similar to that used in City of Heroes, allowing two players with a large level disparity to normalize their levels and enjoy content as though they were the same level. In PvP, entry to e-sport will grant access to all skills, items and provide a fixed level, so that all players will be on a level playing field.
In addition to the small-scale, tactical combat described above, Guild Wars 2 will feature "World PvP", large scale combat taking place in a persistent world, with players able to drop in and out "on the fly". Players will be able to join this worldwide PvP battle in a variety of roles, with rewards commensurate with their success.
A more elaborate crafting system and other non-combat interactions are also being added to the game.
As Guild Wars 2 is set 250 years after the original game, players will not be able to carry over their characters from Guild Wars. However, the achievements and honors accumulated by all the characters on players' Guild Wars accounts are commemorated in the Hall of Monuments, which appears in Guild Wars: Eye of the North. The Hall of Monuments will also appear in Guild Wars 2, with the monuments in the Hall reflecting the achievements of characters on a linked Guild Wars account. These monuments are worth points that can be used to provide Guild Wars 2 characters with exclusive titles, items, mini-pets, and animal companions. [Source]
Official website: http://www.guildwars2.com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/GuildWars2
Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/guildwars2
YouTube: http://www.youtube.c...renanetofficial
System Requirements:
- Windows® XP Service Pack 2 or better
- Intel® Core™ 2 Duo 2.0 GHz, Core i3, AMD Athlon™ 64 X2 or better
- NVIDIA® GeForce® 7800, ATI Radeon™ X1800, Intel HD 3000 or better (256MB of video RAM and shader model 3.0 or better)
- 25 GB available HDD space
- Broadband Internet connection
- Keyboard and mouse

subset: commoncrawl


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Wimbledon - Day three at Wimbledon: LIVE
Follow live updates from across every match on day one at Wimbledon, with Novak Djokovic and Maria Sharapova among the players in action. More »Eurosport - 6 hours ago
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Heather Watson secured an impressive 6-4 6-2 win over Daniela Hantuchova. More »Eurosport - 1 hour 52 minutes ago
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Leg-spinner Adil Rashid and paceman Steven Finn were included in England's 13-man squad named on Wednesday for next week's first Ashes test against Australia. More »Eurosport - 1 hour 22 minutes ago
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Home > Publications > WP2: Regional Reports
In the SUSPLAN project, nine different regions have been selected throughout Europe for comprehensive in-depth analyses of long-term grid integration of renewable electricity, heat and gas generation technologies. These analyses not only deal with future renewable deployment scenarios in different European regions up to the year 2050 but also take into account and quantify the corresponding grid infrastructure needs and cost (electricity, heat and gas grids) necessary to "absorb" different degrees of penetration of renewable generation.
The major objective of the regional scenario studies was not to describe the entire European territory in geographic terms but to study renewable grid infrastructure integration in completely different energy systems described by a variety of different dimensions. Moreover, the manifoldness of these dimensions was the major selection criterion of a particular SUSPLAN region. Among others, selection criteria incorporate varying degrees of severity in geographical, structural, technical, economical, institutional, and political respect.
The major results and policy recommendations of each of the regions are documented in nine separate reports, which can be downloaded below:
Synthesis Report
The aim of this synthesis report is to present some highlights of the different regional scenario analyses, on the one hand, and to develop some synthesis of the different results in the different regions, on the other hand. The ambition of the synthesis is to treat grid integration challenges of renewable generation technologies on a more general level decoupled from a particular SUSPLAN regional scenario study.
Synthesis Report (1004 KB)


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Archos 70
Archos Android tablets fire in Froyo update1 December 2010
Archos has announced firmware changes for its Gen8 Android tablets, meaning that if you own an Archos 28, Archos 32, Archos 43, Archos 70 or an Archos 101, you can now join in on all the Froyo fun. Your device should prompt you to make the leap from Android... >>
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Carol Elizabeth Webb, 66, of Chattaroy, passed into the arms of a host of angels on Monday, November 12, 2012, from her residence.
Born February 22, 1946, at Goody, Ky., she was the daughter of the late John Wells and Francis Elizabeth Craig Wells.
In addition to her parents she is preceded in death by a brother, James Henry Wells.
Carol was an active and devoted member of the Regional Church of God at Delbarton. She and her husband, Jimmy, have been longtime caregivers to the children of the church nursery. She was the unofficial grandmother to all of the children of the church.
She loved and cherished every moment she spent nurturing, changing diapers, rocking, and holding the children. She was truly set apart by God for such a ministry.
Carol had also served as the financial secretary at the Chattaroy Missionary Baptist Church during the years she attended there. She was also very involved with the vacation bible school ministry.
Carol had provided bookkeeping services for Jamie Carte Ministries since 2004.
Carol worked as the office manager of the Mingo County Public Service District for sixteen years prior to her retirement. Carol had also been employed with Persinger Supply Company in earlier years.
Carol was the loving and devoted mother of three daughters. Jamie, Tonya and Kristy were each the light, hope, strength, joy and pride of her life. She loved being their mother and they had such great fun together. They each grew up to be wonderful women; each a reflection of their mother's quiet strength, her loving disposition and her devotion to God, family and friends. Carol's girls will remember their mother as their number one cheerleader. She always encouraged them to reach for their dreams and work towards their goals.
Carol also enjoyed being a homemaker and her family was the beneficiary of many fine meals as she was an outstanding cook who knew her way around the kitchen. Carol loved to shop. Her family enjoyed teasing her about the number of handbags and wallets she had acquired during her lifetime.
Carol meant so very much to so many people. She was a devoted wife to her husband, Jimmy, a loving mother to her daughters, an excellent daughter to her parents and a wonderful sister to her late brother, James Henry. She was a shinning example of a Godly, Christian woman. She will be most especially remembered as a prayer warrior in the kingdom of God.
Carol is survived by her beloved husband of 45 years, Jimmy Lee Webb; three daughters, Jamie Renee and her husband, Dewayne Carte of Hico, Tonya Lea Webb of Prosperity, Kristy Nicole Webb of Oak Hill; a sister-in-law, Sandra Wells of Pinkerington, Ohio; and her dear friend and helper, Doris Christian of Delbarton.
Jimmy Lee wishes to express his deepest appreciation to his son-in-law, Dewayne Carte, for his tireless help and assistance over the past several days and also to J. B. Heflin and the employees of the Mingo County Public Service District for all their help as well.
The family will receive friends after 6 p.m. on Wednesday, November 14, at the Regional Church of God at Delbarton. Funeral services will be conducted at 1 p.m. Thursday, November 15, at the church. The Rev. Mitchell Bias will officiate. Interment is in the Mountain View Memory Gardens at Maher. Active pallbearers include John Copley, Joey Elia, Larry Elia, Eddie Hatfield, Pedro Ledger, Brian Lowe, Bob Massey, Greg Staten, Robert G. Shelton, George Swain and Albert Totten. Earl Brown, Bill Craig, Bill Curry, Ray Curry, Everett Hannah, Luther Ireson and Oliver Spradlin as serving as honorary pallbearers.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that memorial contribution be made in Carol's memory to the Carol Elizabeth Webb Memorial Children's Fund, Regional Church of God, P. O. Box 236, Delbarton, WV 25670.
Please express online condolences at www.weavermortuaryinc.com. Weaver Mortuary of West Williamson is serving the Webb family.


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Teammates have confidence in LeftwichPosted by on November 14, 2012 – 8:40 pm
Losing a starting quarterback could send panic waves through an NFL locker room, but that isn't the case with the Steelers thanks to their depth.
The team will be without Ben Roethlisberger this week after he sprained the sternoclavicular (SC) joint in his right shoulder, but to a man every player has confidence in Byron Leftwich, who will step in and start against the Ravens on Sunday night at Heinz Field.
"He is more than capable of pulling this game out," said guard Willie Colon. "We believe in him. As a line we have to do our job and make sure he has time to get the ball out. We have to run the ball effectively so he isn't back there trying to be Superman. We have to have a balanced attack. We just have to do our part. We know Byron, the receivers and the running backs are going to do their part. As a line we have to be hard-nosed and be ready to go.
"We have all of the confidence in the world in Byron. I know he is going to step up and get the job done."
Coach Mike Tomlin made it official on Wednesday that it would be Leftwich after getting an injury update on Roethlisberger. He said he didn't have any kind of timetable as to how long Roethlisberger would be out, but he too is comfortable with Leftwich in the starting spot.
"He is a veteran guy," said Tomlin. "This isn't his first rodeo. He has good, charismatic leadership. He can make all the throws on the field. We expect winning football from him."
Knowing early in the week that Leftwich will be the starter works to the Steelers advantage. It allows him to get plenty of reps with the starters, working on timing and getting comfortable with the receivers, and allows the rest of the offense the chance to get reacquainted, in a sense, with his style.
"We have a full week of practice to deal with the situation," said guard Ramon Foster. "We have played with him before. We have full confidence in what he can do and he is able to get a win. We have to be us, protect him, let our backs run and we will be fine."
Leftwich has played in seven games in four seasons with the Steelers, but this will be the first time he has started for the black and gold and the players don't expect much to change in this week's game plan.
"We will have the same plays," said tight end Heath Miller. "Byron is capable of executing everything we do. We know where he is going to be, he is going to get the ball out and we know he's going to get it done. We have a lot of history. Byron has been here a long time. It's just a matter of getting a couple of days at practice so it's not a big deal. We have confidence in our locker room the next man up is going to do the job."
The Steelers have become accustomed to the "next man up" having to step in as they have had injuries at receiver, running back, linebacker, in the secondary and the offensive line this year. In each case someone has risen to the challenge and the same is expected of Leftwich this week.
"There will be a lot of ups and downs during the season, but only the strong survive," said receiver Emmanuel Sanders. "You have to have a strong mentality and we do on this team. We have complete confidence in every guy in this locker room if the time comes they can step up and make plays for us."
Posted in News, Player | 1 Comment »
One Response
to "Teammates have confidence in Leftwich"
By Frank W. Smith on Nov 17, 2012 | Reply
I'll be watching yinz on DTV from East Texas. Good luck fellas.
I was raised in the 'Burgh, joined the Air Force and have been a Steeler fan since the 60s (even stayed true to them through the hard 80s).
Love my Steelers!
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text:
The first option for the treatment and management of brain tumors involves surgery. This is used both to establish a diagnosis as well as for therapeutic benefit. If surgery is not possible or does not completely remove the tumor, radiation and chemotherapy may be used.
Treatment involves the following:Lifestyle changesMedicationsChemotherapyRadiationOther treatmentsSurgery
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Mohei Abouzied, MD
- Review Date: 05/2014 -
- Update Date: 05/07/2014 -


text: 2012 Freddy Awards: Show Photos Published: May 25 2012 04:55:14 PM EDT Updated On: May 15 2013 05:16:40 PM EDT Small Text Medium Text Large Text Official 10th Annual Freddy Awards photos from Thomas Kosa and Wilson Black. 29 / 45 Photo: Thomas Kosa Comments The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the TERMS OF USE and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms. Your comments may be used on air. Be polite. Inappropriate posts may be removed by the moderator. Desktop and mobile versions of this site use independent comment threads.


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From what I've read, IBM and Microsoft were opposites, especially in code design. IBM wrote long, bloated code and paid by lines of code. Microsoft went for small, faster code. The documentary "Triumph of the Nerds" had an interview with Steve Ballmer about how IBM didn't seem to follow the mentality of paying a developer more if they were able to write a program in fewer lines, making it smaller and faster.
That, among other technical differences, was a big reason why OS/2 eventually become IBM only. I've never actually played with the Warp releases, but they sure look interesting, from what I've seen demoed.
IBM was (and still is) heavily enterprise-oriented - a legacy of their mainframe business. They didn't even market LAN Server (the server side of OS/2) very hard. Ordinary consumers and SMBs? They willingly - practically gleefully - steered those to Microsoft and LAN Manager (and eventually NT) before, during, and after the split - they wanted no part of such a plebian customer base. (I had, in fact, personally told IBM Mid-Atlantic's marketing mavens that if they didn't get their act together, Microsoft and Windows 95 would eat their lunch - in June of 1995.) OS/2 - as far back as 2.1 - was a squandered opportunity; OS/2 3.x - and even Warp (OS/2 4.x) were simply more obvious. (Look at eComStation - it is, in fact, OS/2 4.52 at the core. It's as least as viable as any Linux distribution, and supports more hardware than quite a few of them. However, even Ubuntu has a bigger word-of-mouth push then eCS does.)


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Scrap booking is simply an album of pictures and or with memorabilia like tickets, letters, certificates, or even candy wrappers, handwritten quotations from famous people and so on that can preserve and show in its subtle way or not, the stories behind each set of pictures. You can even right the story of the picture in the scrap book if you want to. The difference between a scrap book and a simple photo album is that a scrap book is usually decorated with a lot of materials and accessories.
Scrap booking can be actually considered as a creative hobby, but it does not necessarily mean that you should put pressure on yourself to be creative or only creative ones can make a scrapbook. Anyone can be as creative as she could, and anyone can make a scrapbook. One can always have his or her way with scrapbooking. He or she is free to decide how his or her scrapbook would look like. One could decorate and work with different variety of materials and accessories which one can make use of and make something creative out of these things. One can always have the option to make it simple, put glitters on it, or make it colourful or not. What is more is that, along these options one can choose from, he or she can also seek help or get inspired by other people's way of making scrapbooks and all. Here are some tips that can help you make your own scrapbook.
One, you can choose whatever theme you'd like. It can be as colourful as the rainbow or it can also look old and vintage. One can also make use of cut papers in different shapes such as hearts, circles, squares, and so on. You can make shapes of objects out of it too as decorations. For example, with a few different sizes of circles, you can make a teddy bear decoration on your scrapbook. After cutting shapes, do not throw the leftover papers though, you can still make use of it and make something creative out of it. You can use it as borders of the pictures or you can still make different figures out of it.
Also do not overdo each of your pages. Limit yourself by just putting a maximum of five elements on each page. You do not want to steal the limelight from the picture itself. Be as creative as you can when decorating your scrap book. You can inspire yourself by watching videos or reading tips about scrap booking, too, if you want.


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SANDY, Utah -- The LA Galaxy suffered an injury blow during Saturday afternoon's match against Real Salt Lake as James Riley suffered a left knee injury.
The 32-year-old suffered the injury in the 29th minute when he was taken down by RSL midfielder Ned Grabavoy. Riley was eventually helped off the field by LA's training staff and removed in favor of Dan Gargan in the 33rd minute of play.
More to come.
In the latest edition of What to Watch For, Time Warner SportsNet play-by-play man Joe Tutino and I break down the LA Galaxy's first road match of the 2014 season against Real Salt Lake.
Check it out below.
CARSON, Calif. – The LA Galaxy suffered through a poor defensive performance during their disappointing 4-2 defeat to Club Tijuana on Tuesday which may lead tdefensive changes ahead of their match against Real Salt Lake.
The back four of A.J. DeLaGarza, Omar Gonzalez, Leonardo and James Riley conceded three times in the opening 30 minutes, which prompted head coach Bruce Arena to pull Riley in favor of Todd Dunivant. This stopped the bleeding enough for LA to pull back a goal, but the group ultimately conceded for a fourth and final time in the closing stages to help LA crash out of the CONCACAF Champions League.
"Things turn over quickly," said Arena. "It's good to have a game and test ourselves again….These are professional athletes and they need to put all of that [happened in Tijuana] behind you."
Dunivant appears to be the most likely switch as he declared himself "ready to go" and healthy for the RSL match following LA's training session on Thursday morning. However, Arena's changes may not stop there. Brazilian center back Leonardo was arguably the biggest struggler against Tijuana and Arena may opt to replace him with any myriad of options.
With defenders Kofi Opare and Kyle Venter loaned to LA Galaxy II for their inaugural match, defenders A.J. DeLaGarza and Tommy Meyer are the front runners to see time alongside Gonzalez. Reuniting the pairing that won the 2012 MLS Cup would likely cause the Galaxy to make just two changes while moving DeLaGarza to central defense could offer a major shift for the Galaxy.
Moving DeLaGarza over to the center allows Arena to place Riley—or fellow veteran Dan Gargan—at THEl right back position while reuniting a center back pairing that has enjoyed plenty of success in recent years. When paired together, the University of Maryland pairing have helped LA earn a 27-8-12 record in regular season games.
Although he would not commit to the prospect of changes, DeLaGarza did hint that Arena may make moves for Salt Lake.
"I'm not sure what is going to happen just yet. I'm sure you'll find out on Saturday," said DeLaGarza. "A couple of us know what is going on, but we just need anyone to be on the same page both offensively and attacking wise."
What changes would you make, if any?
Share them below.
CARSON, Calif. -- LA Galaxy II will play their first match on Saturday against the Orange County Blues at StubHub Center's Track and Field Stadium, and one day before the historic event, the team received their first official players.
The Galaxy announced on Friday that they had loaned first team players Rafael Garcia, Bradford Jamieson IV, Jack McBean, Raul Mendiola, Charlie Rugg, and Oscar Sorto for the duration of the season. In addition, the club also announced that LA has sent first teamers Kofi Opare, Kyle Venter and Kenney Walker for Galaxy II's first match. All nine players will be available for the match against the Orange County Blues.
It can be expected that more signings for Galaxy II will be announced prior to their match against Orange County.
Tickets for the match against the Blues are on sale and are available for $10 dollars.
The #LAGalaxy have loaned six players to @LAGalaxyII: http://t.co/eUm9ICKgGc #LosDos pic.twitter.com/zeA03kHPJm
— LA Galaxy (@LAGalaxy) March 21, 2014
In the latest edition of "By the Numbers" LAGalaxy.com looks ahead to Saturday's clash between the Galaxy and Real Salt Lake.
Check it out below.
In the latest edition of Cobi's Corner, Gyasi Zardes talks to LA Galaxy legend Cobi Jones about his second year in MLS, his well-known hairdo and more.
Check it out below.
CARSON, Calif. – Another year, another CONCACAF Champions League semifinal that will be dominated by Mexican clubs.
A day after the LA Galaxy fell 4-3 on aggregate to Club Tijuana, the San Jose Earthquakes and Sporting Kansas City were also eliminated with defeats to Mexican clubs Toluca and Cruz Azul. The results all but assure that the competition will have an all-Mexican final for the sixth time in the competition's history unless Central American underdog Alajuelense can upset Toluca.
Following the loss to Tijuana, Galaxy attacker Landon Donovan stated that the wage disparity may have played a part in LA's defeat and veteran Todd Dunivant was quick to agree after LA training on Thursday.
"Our owners are competitive and we want to be the best league in this region and I don't think that's too far off to be honest. We've made big strides and we're closer and closer. I think even two or three years ago, you see all Mexican teams playing second teams in these games and now you don't see that," said Dunivant who played 45 minutes in the loss. "At the end of the day, we're still a ways away, but the funny part is that we're really close. … It's not that far off, but the difference is pretty big in terms of the depth of the roster and the economics between the two league and, at the end of the day, that makes enough of a difference to consistently get the same results."
While Dunivant believes that there are "no easy answers" to the league's failures in CCL, but was quick to admit that the wage disparity between MLS and Liga MX "might be brought up" as the players union heads into negotiations for the new CBA at the end of the year.
"Everyone out here is trying to put a 1000 percent into this and we're not making excuses before about losing, but at the end of the day, when you keep seeing the same results, it's difficult to argue with the conditions that we have," said Dunivant. "We're competitive and we're going to do everything that we can, but the disparity is pretty obvious."
Thursday Notes: Real Salt Lake getting healthy ahead of LA Galaxy clash, New York City FC unveil logo
The LA Galaxy can expect to face a close to full-strength Real Salt Lake when the two teams kick off on Saturday.
In a conversation with reporters in Utah, RSL head coach Jeff Cassar stated that starters Javier Morales and Nick Rimando are are all improving health-wise ahead of their home opener against the Galaxy.
However, RSL still have a few question marks as starting center back Chris Schuler is still a question mark who Cassar says is "getting healthier every day" while fellow defender Aaron Maund is also unlikely to play. If Schuler and Maund are unable to play then Salt Lake may resort to using youngster Chris Schuler alongside Nat Borchers in central defense.
Below is additional news from around MLS:
*The Professional Referee Organization reached a collective bargining agreement with the Pro Soccer Referee's Assocation on Thursday, which will have the league's normal officials returning to action this week.
*Seattle Sounders FC announced that they will be ending their business partnership with the Seattle Seahawks, who they have shared operations with since 2007. Despite making the move, Seattle will still play at CenturyLink Field.
*The Colorado Rapids waived long-time goalkeeper Matt Pickens on Thursday. Pickens backstopped the Rapids to their lone MLS Cup triumph in 2010.
*New York City FC unveiled their new logo ahead of their inaugural 2015 season at the adidas headquarters in the New York neighborhood of Soho. The fan-chosen logo is inspired by a New York City subway token.
It's official. As voted on by the fans, the New York City FC badge. #5boros1city pic.twitter.com/DlhJjMN8e4
— New York City FC (@NYCFC) March 21, 2014
Ahead of RSL, Bruce Arena questions the rationale behind the LA Galaxy's three back-to-back series in 2014
CARSON, Calif. – Thanks to a kink in the MLS regular season schedule and a rescheduled match due to the team's CONCACAF Champions League participation, LA Galaxy will face Real Salt Lake for the second time in two weeks on Saturday. And that prospect does not bring joy to the face of LA Galaxy head coach Bruce Arena.
The match at Rio Tinto Stadium comes after LA's emotional CCL series against Club Tijuana and is the third such time that LA will play back-to-back league games against the same opponent. Following LA training session on Thursday, Arena voiced his displeasure about LA's odd schedule.
"We've tried to make it clear to the league that we thought this was not the way to do it, but they have their own minds," Arena said following LA's training session Thursday morning at StubHub Center. "We're going to be the only team in the league doing this on three occasions this year. I don't think it's good.
"I think that it's not a good way to end the year," added Arena in reference to LA's back-to-back end of the year matchup against Seattle Sounders FC. "They tend to think that we create the television ratings that haven't been there that we're going to create them. I don't know how we're going to create them at the end of the year. As much as possible, we should space the games out in-conference and out-of-conference as much as we can."
The RSL "series" is one of three back-to-back matches that LA will play as they play a home-at-home series against Vancouver Whitecaps FC on April 12 and April 19 before ending the season with two games against Seattle Sounders FC on Oct. 19 and Oct. 25.
While Galaxy attacker Landon Donovan admitted that the schedule of back-to-back league games against RSL bracketing a CCL series with Tijuana wasn't ideal, it was beneficial for planning purposes.
"In my opinion, [the schedule] helps. You don't have to do that much preparation. We know exactly what Salt Lake is going to bring," said Donovan. "It's a very easy scouting report because we know that they're a very good team and it's going to be difficult, but we know exactly what to expect."
Agree with Arena? Disagree?
Share thoughts below.
In the latest edition of "Kickin' It With Kelli," Time Warner Cable SportsNet sideline reporter Kelli Tennant speaks to A.J. DeLaGarza about life in Los Angeles, the Galaxy and his dog Diesel at Silvio's in Hermosa Beach.
Check it out below.


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A smooth stainless-steel bar stool, a wide-plank wood floor, a richly patterned tapestry, a tumbled-stone fireplace, a shiny silk pillow, a nubby wool rug – there are innumerable ways to add textural interest to a room. And texture is key to creating a welcoming space. No matter how extraordinary the color scheme or precise the composition, without texture, a room will look dull and one-dimensional. Texture adds depth, character and interest, and draws you in – figuratively and literally.
"I think people are looking to bring warmth and a real sense of livability into their homes, and texture is one of the best ways to accomplish that," says Ruth Gottesman of Alpha Workshops. "Once you put texture on your walls or floors or furniture, you're inviting people to touch and sit a while. A room with texture is the opposite of standoffish."
With so many choices available, the task of selecting textures can be overwhelming. However, if you keep some of the following rules of thumb in mind, you'll be able to make knowledgeable and sensational selections for your designs.
Balancing texture
Texture is both visual and tactile. For example, we see the grain in a wooden table and we feel its smooth, sanded surface. For optimum visual and sensory impact, a mix of textures – soft and hard, silky and rough, nubby and smooth – should be included in a room's design.
A simple tip to remember when combining textures is the old saying that opposites attract. High-gloss woodwork is great paired with rough-hewn furniture. Thick, luxurious rugs look fantastic on polished wood floors. A noise-absorbing cork floor in the kitchen provides a nice counterpoint to sleek stainless-steel appliances and cool stone countertops.
Color and texture
Color and texture are interdependent; each has a strong influence on the other. The higher the contrast in a room's colors, the greater the need for similar textures. The closer in tone the colors, the stronger the need for contrasting textures. This is especially true in a room with a monochromatic color scheme. A juxtaposition of different textures and materials – silk and damask, suede and vinyl, brick and chrome, wicker and glass – will give the room depth and drama, and actually create color changes due to the play of light and shadow on the different surfaces. Rough textures absorb light while smooth textures reflect it.
Remembering the obvious
Incorporating texture in parts of a room that people would not normally touch, such as the ceiling and walls, is just as important as it is for items people are in constant contact with, such as the floor, furniture and accessories. Great ways to showcase walls and ceilings include stucco and plaster treatments; wood panels, beams and moldings; grass cloth, faux suede and brocade wallpapers; and faux, decorative and metallic painting techniques.
For the latter, be sure to check out the new Sherwin-Williams Faux Impressions® line, which enables you to deliver stunning effects for your clients, including anything from the classic elegance of Tuscan plastering to the contemporary cool of textured metallic glazing. The Faux Impressions® line is organized into four finish categories: Old World Impressions, which includes plastering; Metallic Impressions; Quartz Stone Impressions; and Artisan Impressions, which includes leaf and other natural impressions. Each finish comes with all the tools and samples you'll need.
Never forget to consider your options for texture within a space. A room lacking texture, even if otherwise nicely designed, will look flat and boring. Textural relationships are critical to overall success in any interior environment and even more meaningful in today's contemporary interiors.


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Highlighting Healthy Living, our cover story takes us up-close with the Congresswoman and her husband, Glenn Baxley, to learn how they both balance careers, family, and healthy lifestyles. It is a struggle that is familiar to many people, and in Mary Bono Beyond Politics – Finding Balance, Mary and Glenn candidly discuss how they manage extremely dynamic lives, de-stress, stay fit, and find balance.
In addition, Healthy Living addresses the critical issue of cholesterol. In this country, more than 105 million people have elevated cholesterol, and of these, 37 million people have high cholesterol. Healthy Living's Physicians Roundtable presents the newest information on cholesterol and heart disease. Three cardiologists from Eisenhower Medical Center, Drs. Sontz, Shaeffer and Shaver, define the new cholesterol levels, demystify HDL and LDL, and discuss statins and other medications available for lowering cholesterol.
Remember that Eisenhower Medical Center exists for this community. Each and every day,we live Eisenhower's mission – to serve mankind with a selfless passion for excellence in patient care, research, and education.
Be well, and know that we are here for you.
Yours in good health,
G. Aubrey Serfling PRESIDENT/CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER EISENHOWER MEDICAL CENTER


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Pinch of Platinum™ Barbie® Doll
Grecian-inspired, high-fashion cocktail dresses define this line of dolls named after precious metals. Pinch of Platinum Barbie is the third in a series by the inimitable Robert Best, a Platinum Label® doll limited to less than 1,000 dolls worldwide. She features the Aphrodite facial sculpt, a one-shouldered diaphanous white dress gathered at the waist with platinum-colored sequins, and heels with an exquisite encrusted look. Elegant, understated, and all the more stunning for it!
For the adult collector.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.


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Don't worry, this is not going to be a rant, but rather some musing. I hope I managed to make sense (still tend to skip some steps from my thought-progress when writing it down)
Okay, so it is more of just a question and interpretation than headcanon, but still:
Back in Sourcery THE Archchancellor's Hat (the one which holds all the spirits of former Archchancellors, compared to Ridcully's which only holds his spirit) plays an important role, as we know.
And in sourcery it was destroyed. Annilihated.
Now, in Unseen Academicals, though, it is brought back to serve as a minor MacGuffin. Voices all included.
I think that bringing it back 'from the death' holds quite a lot of potential to be explored.
Let me explain:
In UA the hat serves, as said, as not much more than a plotdevice.
Now recall what the hat was capable of:
It could increase its wearers magical power by an outstanding amount
It was able to do magic on its own, telepathically communicate and control people's minds.
I got the impression that the hat would actually cause Archchancellors to get killed to increase its own power.
As in: they wear it, it drives them to do unsettling things which leads to other wizards 'take care' of the Archchancellor in question, not because they want to ascend in their ranks (like others who might be after him), but because they worry what might happen if he'll be allowed to stay around, unwittingly increasing the hat's power.
I don't know about you, but I hope this idea will get explored instead of just having the hat as some sort of offhand joke.


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Wusthof Classic 4" Extra Wide Paring Knife
Wusthof Classic 4" Extra Wide Paring Knife
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Paring knife
|Construction: Forged
|Primary Material: High carbon stainless steel
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Dishwasher Safe: No
|Commercial Use: Yes
|Eco-Friendly: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: Germany
About the ManufacturerSince 1814, Wüsthof has set the standard for designing and manufacturing precision-forged knives. Today, Wüsthof is in its seventh generation of ownership, under the management of Harald Wüsthof. br/br Wüsthof knives are manufactured by a skilled team of 300 dedicated workers in two state-of-the-art facilities in Solingen, Germany.Today more than 350 forged knives are available in the Wüsthof assortment, along with cutting boards, knife blocks, kitchen tools, and scissors bearing the famous Trident logo - a symbol of form, function, and uncompromising quality.
Wusthof Classic 4" Extra Wide Paring Knife
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The series (in black and white) ran on the BBC from 1956 to 1960. Edwards took the part of Professor James Edwards M.A., the drunken, gambling, devious, cane-swishing headmaster who tyrannised staff and children at Chiselbury public school. The Edwards character bore more than a passing resemblance to Sergeant Bilko as he tried to swindle the children out of their pocket money to finance his many schemes.
The show was written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden with the first six episodes being subtitled "Six of the Best". In 1959 a film was made based on the show, called Bottoms Up!. The show was revived in colour with updated scripts in 1971-1972, slightly retitled Whacko!. The series ran for a total of 60 episodes, with 47 of B&W and 13 colour, of 30 minutes each. There were 3 special shorts. Whacko also appeared on the radio, on the Light programme with 45 episodes of 30 minutes lasting from May 1961 till July 1963.
The front of the historic house of Great Fosters was used in the opening title sequence of the TV comedy series behind the name of the fictional Chislebury School.