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Upgrade & Explore
Save 20%! Buy with Take Control of Exploring & Customizing Snow Leopard for only $20!
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Take Control of Upgrading to Snow Leopard
Install Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard with confidence!
Installing a major new version of Mac OS X should be exciting and fun, but without proper guidance you may find it nerve-wracking or even lose valuable files. Fortunately, many thousands of people have upgraded Mac OS X calmly and successfully with Joe Kissell's previous best-selling Take Control of Upgrading... titles. Joe's friendly, expert steps—developed over innumerable test installations—help you to avoid trouble, understand what's going on when you install Snow Leopard, and easily recover from problems that might arise. The ebook will help you:
Want help with installing a later version of Mac OS X? Check our catalog for new editions of this ebook that will help you with later upgrades.
You should buy this ebook if one—or both—of the following describes your situation:
Specific questions answered in this ebook include:
Book Info
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About the Author
Joe Kissell has written many books about the Mac, including many popular Take Control ebooks. He's also a contributing editor of TidBITS and a senior contributor to Macworld, and previously spent 10 years in the Mac software industry.
Book Reviews
Reviews of Previous Editions
Author Interviews
Table of Contents
Read Me First
Upgrading to a new version of Mac OS X can be a daunting prospect, but with some expert advice, you'll be running Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard in no time. This book eliminates the uncertainty and the confusion, guiding you through every step of the process. This book was written by Joe Kissell and edited by Tonya Engst.
I learned to drive on a car with a manual transmission, so it always seemed normal to me to be in charge of exactly when the car shifted into which gear. The first time I sat in a car with an automatic transmission, I was so confused and befuddled that I had to call my mother for instructions! It may have been simpler to operate, but I didn't know how to deal with the lack of control I was used to.
The Snow Leopard installer reminds me a bit of my first experience driving an automatic. Apple has gone to great lengths to make it less complex and easier to use, but in so doing they've also removed the option to make certain decisions many of us have grown used to over the course of several major releases of Mac OS X. They've also added a few options we never had to think about before. Although the installer usually does the right thing automatically, it's still not entirely foolproof, and if you're not careful, you can lose important data.
Apart from the specifics of running the installer, upgrading to a new version of Mac OS X means changing a ton of important files and fundamentally altering the way your Mac works. You might encounter hardware or software incompatibilities, be confused about where certain features have gone, or wonder why Snow Leopard is asking a lot of questions that it should already know how to answer. For all these reasons and more, I've written this guide to walk you through every step of the process—before, during, and after the upgrade itself.
I've previously written Take Control books about upgrading to Panther, Tiger, and Leopard, and although this current book borrows a few pieces from those earlier works, it's essentially a brand new document, reflecting the entirely new way Snow Leopard deals with software installation. So I urge you to set aside any assumptions or biases you may have formed by reading earlier Upgrading books and approach Snow Leopard with fresh eyes.
In the first few days after any new release of Mac OS X, there's a flurry of updated software and information about solving problems. To learn the latest news—and to see whether there's an updated copy of this book—click Check for Updates on the cover.
This book contains a lot of details, not all of which you need to know. But before upgrading, you should be familiar with the overall process. And, regardless of the order in which you read this book, you should perform the listed tasks in the order given—for example, back up your files before cleaning out cruft. Here's a brief overview of the steps you should take.
Version 1.1 covers new information that has emerged since Snow Leopard's release, and clarifies or corrects several other items. Major changes include the following:
Sure! The most important Snow Leopard hardware requirement is an Intel processor. To determine if you're using an Intel-based Mac, choose About This Mac from the Apple menu and look in the Processor line. If it says Intel somewhere in that line, then your Mac has an Intel processor and you're good to go with Snow Leopard. Snow Leopard isn't compatible with any PowerPC-based Macs, sorry!
There are lots of great ways to read our ebooks on these devices. For more details, please read our latest Device Advice.
Feel free to ask us if you have a question about this title!
Reader O.M. wrote in to say "I bought your ebook Upgrading to SL on Thursday and read it through once that evening. On Friday, I not only bought the Snow Leopard update, but also a brand new hard drive with FireWire 800. I followed the instructions in your book 'to a T,' and I had a very easy, smooth, and successful transition with full confidence that my Leopard based [Carbon Copy Cloner] CCC clone was there in case anything went wrong. In addition, the cloning was so easy, I will be doing weekly incremental clones on both our current iMac and the new MacBook Pro we are picking up next week. Thanks for the great guidence. It is very much appreciated."
A fabulous guide, and totally indispensable!
As someone who only recently "crossed over" from Windows, although I have had nothing but good experiences using Leopard, upgrading to a new OS nevertheless still filled me with concern, and to do it with all the programs and files still in place, plus Boot Camp onboard, doubly so!
This book very smoothly walks you through preparations, and the upgrade process itself. So I never felt as if any problem that might occur was unfix-able. As it was, the upgrade went without a hitch.
Thank you for this guide, and also for making the price so reasonable. I recommend this guide to everyone!
How could we not publish such kind words? If you'd like to send us your comments (good or bad, though we hope they're all good), just click the Feedback link on the cover of your copy of the ebook. Be sure to let us know if we can publish your comment. Thanks!
July 5, 2012 -- We don't plan to update the Snow Leopard edition of this ebook again, but check the Take Control catalog to find similar titles about later versions of OS X.
—Tonya J Engst
November 11, 2009 --
The bug bashers at Apple have been busy enhancing Snow Leopard and many of its related applications (especially Mail and Safari), as well as MobileMe, and Mac OS X 10.6.2 is now available with many improvements. If you haven't already, I recommend that you run Software Update and install it. For more information about what's new in 10.6.2, read Apple's description of the update—About the Mac OS X v10.6.2 Update or the TidBITS write-up—Mac OS X 10.6.2 Addresses Myriad Bugs and Security Issues. The TidBITS article also has comments at the end where various people have written in about their 10.6.2 update experience.
—Tonya J Engst
November 2, 2009 --
Apple has publicly acknowledged a rare but nasty data-destroying bug related to using the Guest account in Snow Leopard. The bug appears to be associated with having a Guest account already set up before you upgrade to Snow Leopard. While there is currently no fix available, we hope to see one in 10.6.2. To learn more, check out my TidBITS article, Apple Acknowledges Guest Account Data Loss Bug. [This bug was fixed in 10.6.2.]
—Doug McLean
September 17, 2009 --
Although most people who've upgraded to Snow Leopard have done so without causing any unusual SuperDrive behavior, TidBITS Publishing has received several email messages recently from readers about problems with broken SuperDrives, seemingly triggered by running the Snow Leopard installation DVD.
We've done some investigating, and it seems that while the latest crop of complaints is related to Snow Leopard, the problem is older, more widespread, and more complex than a simple "installing Snow Leopard broke my drive." To read a detailed analysis of the problems and solutions that have appeared on the Internet, plus get a list of possible solutions, read Doug McLean's TidBITS article, Exploring Widespread SuperDrive Problems.
—Tonya J Engst
September 16, 2009 --
Even Snow Leopard's updates are faster and sleeker. Mac OS X 10.6.1 is out with minor fixes for Apple Mail, Flash security, and printer drivers. A few unacknowledged errors seem to have disappeared, too, although other problems remain. Read more in the (somewhat silly) TidBITS article Tiny Mac OS X 10.6.1 Update Fixes Some Bugs.
—Doug McLean
September 4, 2009 --
Adobe is reporting that Snow Leopard installs an outdated—and vulnerable—version of Flash Player (though it was likely the most reasonable version to include when Snow Leopard was locked down for shipping). So, even if you recently updated Flash Player to avoid security vulnerabilities, you'll need to update again if you've moved to Snow Leopard in the meantime. [This problem was solved with the release of Snow Leopard 10.6.1. If you update to 10.6.1, you'll get the right version of Flash Player. -Tonya]
—Doug McLean
September 1, 2009 --
On the MacJury podcast for September 1, 2009, two out of five "jurors" are Take Control authors —Joe Kissell and Matt Neuburg. Find out how everyone's Snow Leopard installation experience went. And hear a vociferous argument about whether Apple's Intel-only policy for Snow Leopard is fair on users.
—Matt Neuburg
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God Does What the Law Cannot
Paul is insistent that Jesus is the answer to sin because He has done what God's law cannot. It is not the law's fault that it cannot justify sinful people; rather, it is our fault. Outside of Christ, our fallenness ...Read More
Saved By the Life of God's Son
We can be confident in our future salvation because of the surety of our past salvation. The position we enjoy in Christ today ensures that we will fully experience all of His benefits tomorrow. This is the good news of ...Read More
God's Display of His Love
It is not merely that the perfect God-man died for imperfect people, though such is true as far as it goes. Instead, the perfect God-man died for those who hated His perfection, for those who were openly hostile to Him ...Read More
The Resurrection of Christ
We must never downplay the glory and importance of our Lord's resurrection. Not only does it provide for His vindication, but it is also the foundation for our own resurrection and victory over death. We do look forward to being ...Read More
The Crucifixion of Jesus
In his commentary on Romans, Dr. R.C. Sproul writes, "If God were to give us what we earn, what we deserve, we would perish from His wrath, but thanks be to God that He gives to us what was ...Read More
The Temptation of Jesus
Because Jesus successfully passed His temptation, He was qualified to be the second Adam and merit a righteous status for us in the eyes of God. We cannot be the second Adam, but we can learn from Jesus' interaction with ...Read More
The Baptism of Christ
Dr. R.C. Sproul also notes the importance of the Spirit's descent upon Jesus as showing that His work as a man redeems us. As God, Jesus always enjoyed the presence of the Holy Spirit, but as a man the ...Read More
The Incarnation
The incarnation is a deep mystery, for we cannot fully understand how God could take on our humanity without giving up any of His deity. We can, however, understand that the incarnation reveals God's infinite love and grace. He did ...Read More
Raised for Our Justification
In his lectures on Romans, Martin Luther comments on the death and resurrection of our Savior, showing that it demonstrates that Christ's "death not only signifies but actually effects the remission of sin as a most sufficient satisfaction." We can ...Read More
The Shepherd is Struck
Jesus solemnly warns us that He will deny before the Father those who deny Him before the world (Matt. 10:32–33). This should strike fear into our hearts and lead us to pray for the strength to confess Him in all ...Read More
DevotionalsDaily readings to encourage your heart and mind in the pursuit of God and his glory.
- All
- Angels and Demons
- Atonement
- Basic Reformed Theology
- Irresistible Grace
- Limited Atonement
- Perseverance of the Saints
- Total Depravity
- Unconditional Election
- The Church
- Church Discipline
- Church Leadership
- Creeds and Confessions
- God
- Holiness
- Sovereignty
- Heaven and Hell
- Heresies
- The Holy Spirit
- Jesus Christ
- Cross
- Incarnation
- Resurrection
- Justification
- Last Things
- Man and Sin
- Sacraments
- Salvation
- Faith
- Regeneration
- Scripture
- Systematic Theology
- Theological Views
- Roman Catholicism
- Music
- Apologetics
- False Teaching
- Atheism
- Christianity and Culture
- Creation
- Ethics
- Philosophy
- Science
- Bible Figures
- Bible Interpretation
- Bibles
- Books of the Bible
- Gospels
- Covenants
- General Reference Works
- Introduction to the Bible
- Jesus' Ministry
- Life of Jesus
- New Testament
- Old Testament
- Parables
- Prophecy
- Sermon on the Mount
- Ten Commandments
- The Lord's Prayer
- Controversies in the Church
- Arts
- Bible Translation
- Covenant Theology
- Creationism
- Inclusivism
- Law and Gospel
- Lordship Salvation
- Politics
- Sabbath
- Spiritual Gifts
- Stewardship of Creation
- Theonomy
- Women in Ministry
- Marriage and Family
- Divorce
- Parenting
- Practical Theology
- Discipleship
- Evangelism and Missions
- Grief and Death
- Pastoral Ministry
- Preaching
- Worship
- Spiritual Growth
- Anxiety and Worry
- Apostasy
- Assurance
- Conscience
- Depression
- Doubt
- Fellowship
- Godliness
- Guilt
- Humility
- Joy
- Knowing God's Will
- Legalism
- Love
- Money and Stewardship
- Oaths and Vows
- Prayer
- Pride
- Repentance and Forgiveness
- Sanctification and Growth
- Service
- Spiritual Fruit
- Suffering
- Thankfulness
- Vocation
- Ancient Church
- Biography
- Enlightenment and Modernism
- Historical Theology
- Reformation
- Twentieth Century

subset: commoncrawl


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Cristin Murphy was found guilty of aggravated robbery.
Melvin Murphy was found guilty on two counts of aggravated robbery.
A Fort Worth officer fatally shot a man suspected of robbing a Whataburger on Wednesday morning.
If you needed another reason to want H-E-B grocery stores to be on every block in North Texas, there's this news out of San Antonio today.
A third suspect has now been charged in connection with the armed robbery of the McNiel Avenue Whataburger and some of its customers last summer.
Wichita Falls Police say they have found and charged a woman they say was the get-a-way driver in the robbery of a fast food restaurant last summer.
Mile one of a 500 mile ride across the state to raise money for our nation's wounded warriors began in Wichita Falls this morning. Two dozen cyclists including some amputees are taking part in the second annual "Ride Texas" from Wichita Falls to Corpus Christi.
Wichita Falls Police is hoping the release of surveillance video from a robbery at the Whataburger on McNiel will put two robbers behind bars.
A 24-hour restaurant in Wichita Falls is held up early this morning.


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|Strauss Kosher Lamb
Simply Elegant, Luscious!
There is simply no way to describe this lamb, except to share accolades. It is the best lamb we ever tasted. Period! Tender, flavorful, convenient.
The rack of lamb we received was sent 2nd day air and arrived frozen. We defrosted it in the refrigerator, rinsed it, dried it and it was then ready to roast or grill. The rack was "frenched" – a butcher's term for carving deep cuts between the 8 separate lamb ribs, making the ribs easy to separate when serving.
We tried several recipes including this one:
Strauss Certified Kosher lamb meets Glatt requirements, and is certified by both the Orthodox Union and the C.R.C. The Strauss family has a long, history in the meat and livestock industry. It all began with Ludwig Strauss, who worked in the stockyards of Milwaukee after immigrating to the U.S. from Germany in the late 1880's. His sons started Strauss Brothers packing in 1937 to supply the neighborhood with farm fresh meats. Eventually, Milton Strauss, one of the Strauss sons, and his wife Goldene, became the sole owners of the family business. In 1958 Milton's son, Richard, joined the family business. Working together, Richard helped build Strauss Brands into an internationally recognized brand.
Since 1989 Milton's grandson's, Randy and Tim Strauss, own and operate the 70-year-old company. Randy and Tim, co–presidents, not only carry on the proud family tradition, but also, have become leaders in the move towards humanely and sustainably raised livestock
"Strauss Brands is Committed to Sustainability, Environmental Stewardship and Humane Treatment of Livestock. We not only care about our carbon footprint, but also ensure our commitment to animal welfare throughout the processing phase. " The company works with renowned, animal–welfare advocate, Temple Grandin, to minimize stress, increase comfort and improve the safe handling of our livestock."
Strauss lamb is American lamb, seasonally born around the country, and pasture raised in nearly every state in the US. At weaning time, most of the lambs journey westward to be grain finished in Colorado and other Western states.
"The ideal pasture land for American lambs is not lawn-like grass, but an array of grasses, legumes and forbs, such as clover, alfalfa and milkweed. Their diet varies, depending upon the region in which they are grazed. Lambs are well suited to graze mountainous and rough terrain, which is otherwise inaccessible to other livestock. Strauss' artisan butchers hand process our fresh lambs, daily, to our customers' precise specifications."
Rabbis from A.D. Rosenblatt certify Strauss kosher lamb products. Strauss lamb has a double kashrut certification (OU and CRC). According to Lori Dunn, Strauss executive director of pasture raised programs, "We mark with all applicable kosher labels as we know there are some regional preferences − so we go towards the 'more is more' philosophy to meet the broadest range of kosher consumer needs."
The BEST NEWS:
Enjoy the following recipes for Grilled Rack of Lamb with Fresh Lemon and Herbs and Roasted Rack of Lamb.
To read more about Strauss meats or to view their recipes, please visit Strauss Brands Incorporated.


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It's a great day when you find high quality resin garden statues for low prices but the shopping gets much better when you can get a discount on excellent garden statuary items. That discount might come in the form of a percentage off of the regular price or removing any regular shipping fees. Either way, you end up saving money on high quality decor for home and business. Starting today and lasting until tomorrow, you don't have to worry about paying any regular shipping costs on garden fairies, beautiful animal garden statues, and elegant decor from the Basil Street Gallery because we are offering two days of free regular shipping on anything from our site!
Whether buying something as small as a Bathroom Skullduggery Toilet Bowl Brush or larger wonderful decor like the Grand Hall Timepiece Cocktail Table, you pay nothing for regular shipping as long as you place your order today or tomorrow, October 30th. Take advantage of the lack of shipping fees and shop for holiday gift items, winter decor, and stunning resin garden statues like the Le Printemps and Le Etoile Greenmen Wall Sculptures or the cute Holiday Greeter Meerkat Statue.
Pay nothing for regular shipping on beautiful garden statuary and a host of unique items at Design Toscano from today until tomorrow, October 30th!
This sale cannot be combined with other offers.


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The Big Bang Theory Bobblehead Set - 5 Cast Mates
$84.99Add to Wish list
You Save: $14.76 15% off
- Additional Details
- Includes: All 5 Character Bobbleheads
The Big Bang Theory Cast:
Get your Big Bang Theory Sheldon Bobblehead before he explodes! Sheldon is one famous science guy. With his DC Comics t-shirt and serious look, the Big Bang Theory Sheldon Bobblehead is a celebration of his passion for precision.
Leonard's IQ is 173, though we can't say the same thing about the Big Bang Theory Leonard Bobble Head. But he tries. This wacky wobbler is an excellent interpretation of the character. You can see his anxiety over Sheldon's eccentricities bubbling right below the surface. Leonard's bobble-head stands 6" tall and just needs a place to call home. Give this genius a break and give him one.
The Big Bang Theory Penny Bobble Head is an excellent interpretation of the normal girl who lives across the hall from those crazy science geniuses, Sheldon and Leonard. She's the perfect foil for their ridiculously smart characters, patiently waiting until long unnecessary explanations are over so she can get the one-word answer she's looking for. If you're the Penny and in a world of Leonards and Sheldons, well then you've hit the Motherlode.
The Big Bang Theory Howard Bobblehead is here. Howard fans rejoice! Howard thinks he is something special in the bedroom, but he should really check his delusions at the door. If you like what Howard's "into" including his head-to-toe coordinated outfits,you'll love the The Big Bang Theory Howard Bobblehead.


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only left in this size
Slim straight. A slim, tailored fit brings modern sophistication to a classic straight leg style. Plush corduroy in ultra-dark black adds a textural element to this 5-pocket style. Tonal stitching and zip fly with button closure.
FINAL SALE - cannot be returned or exchanged. No price adjustments.


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LeakyCon 2011: July 14-18, Orlando, Florida
Feb 24, 2009
Posted by Melissa Anelli
Now that we have a confirmed date, we are happy to announce: LeakyCon 2011 will be July 14-18, 2011 in Orlando, Florida.
It's going to be a huge party, that we can't wait to share with you. Let's celebrate the end of this gloroius time (and the beginning of a new one) as we should: together, with the charitable spirit that has been the hallmark of this fandom. More details in the coming months.
Remember, the first LeakyCon is this May 21-24 in Boston, MA. More details at the link!


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AU students live united
Anderson University is populated by a student body filled with passion and driven with purpose. Organizations that connect and reach out to others are common on campus. One of the newest organizations to join the campus community is Student United Way, which connects students to meaningful volunteer experiences, service projects, and internships that make a difference.


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Thursday, July 3 @ 11am
Yoga is a great way to increase flexibility, lower stress, and improve energy. Learn to relax your mind and body with some simple, kid-friendly stretches and exercises. This program is for beginners and fun for the whole family. It is recommended that you wear loose clothing and bring your own water bottle.
Thursday, July 3 @ 2pm
Get crafty and creative with some out-of-the-box art. Experiment with different tools and mediums as you learn about different cultures and artists. This series is appropriate for kids of all ages. Although plastic aprons are supplied, please wear clothing that you feel comfortable painting in. This series is sponsored by the Friends of the Southeast Branch Library.


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This Food Intolerance in Czech Republic report tracks the developments of health-associated product types and the healthy-option positioning of competing brands across different food sectors. It provides the latest retail sales data 2008-2012, allowing you to compare health and wellness categories with each other or in the context of the total market for a sector. It identifies the leading companies, the leading brands and offers strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market- be they new product developments, legislative context or lifestyle influences. Forecasts to 2017 illustrate how the market is set to change.
Product coverage: Diabetic Food, Gluten-free Food, Lactose-free Food, Other HW Special Baby Milk Formula.
Data coverage: market sizes (historic and forecasts), company shares, brand shares and distribution data.
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: www.companiesandmarkets.comPhone: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600


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How to Apply:
-Shampoo hair with Kiehl's Sunflower Color Preserving Shampoo
-Rinse, towel-dry, and apply a liberal amount of the pak to damp hair evenly, concentrating on hair ends
-Allow formula to remain on hair for a minimum of three minutes (Allowing hair pak to remain on hair for longer periods of time will increase its efficacy)
-Rinse well with lukewarm water until formula is thoroughly removed from hair
-Style as usual
A-prih-kaht KUR-nuhl OY-il
Apricot Kernel Oil is extracted from apricot kernels and has a very high Vitamin E content (aiding fast absorption) and is a trygliceride composed of 75% oleic acid and 20% linoleic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids esterified with glycerin - similar to avocado oil and sesame oil. Found to be highly compatible with the skin. Apricot Kernel Oil moisturizes and softens skin while helping retain clarity and suppleness.
SUN-flah'-wur OY-il
Sunflower Oil contains beneficial amounts of Phospholipids as well as high concentrations of Ceramides. Its strengthening and protective agents help to further nurture and condition dry or damaged skin. The resilient Sunflower extract is also known to care for sun-exposed and aging skin as a result of environmental aggression.


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Celebration Barbie™ Ornament (African American)
Release Date: 10/11/2012
Product Code: F5093
Special 2012 Edition
It may be snowy outside, but it's dazzling inside–especially when Barbie™ twirls into the celebration! Barbie takes spirit and sparkle to new heights in a fabric gown inspired by the Holiday Barbie™ 2012 doll. Crafted by Hallmark Keepsake Artist Patricia Andrews.
2.5"L x 2.5"W x 4"H.


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Stick 65 80W Floor Lamp
Stick 65 floor lamp features an opal glass and a chrome finish. Available in a 61.3 or 67.2 inch high option. Fixture available with incandescent or compact fluorescent lamping option. Smaller version requires (1) 24 watt, 120 volt, T5 2G11 base compact fluorescent lamp not included. Larger versions requires (1) 36 or 80 watt, 120 volt, T5 2G11 base compact fluorescent lamp not included. General light distribution. CE listed. IP40 listed. Small: 11.9 inch diameter x 61.3 inch height. Large: 11.9 inch diameter x 67.2 inch height.
|Dimensions: 67.2"H x 11.9"W
|Lamp Source: Compact Fluorescent
|Bulb: 1 x T5/2G11/80W/120V Compact Fluorescent
Bulb not included
About AI Lati Lights
Ai Lati illuminates with the unique elegance of opal glass, which lends exquisite beauty to light and diffuses it with harmonious evenness for complete visual comfort. Our design philosophy is to combine simple, timeless architectural shapes with the magic of these flawlessly hand-crafted shades. Ai Lati Lights are simple to specify, order, install, assemble and re-lamp. Standard items accept either incandescent or energy-saving fluorescent light bulbs, and custom-made versions with solid-state lamping (LED) are available.


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Winter!: Prepare for holiday gaming!
Game Night!: This weekend! https://www.facebook.com/events/317792721696252/
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Closing in:
Not as good as the first one, as this game is far too linear for my taste, but it does introduce shadow.
Game Traits applied to Sonic Adventure 2 Battle (GC) by Vegeta
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A terrible game, I only rented this game, because my girlfriend liked Zombies and was willing to...
It isn't anything special, but what is good about it, is that you can play it and immediately stop...
Considering the lack of co-op games, I suppose it was only a matter of time until I played this...
I wasn't a huge fan of the Batman Forever theme, I mean I was glad Robin was in there for Co-Op,...
I seriously wonder if this was originally supposed to be a NES game, because the graphics are...
of Fable 2 players also played Oblivion
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The National Contract Service (NCS) manages the just-in-time delivery programs for pharmaceutical, subsistence, and medical/surgical items; awards national committed use contracts and standardized blanket purchase agreements; and consolidates high tech medical equipment purchases for the VA.
Other covered commodities include, but are not limited to: I.V. solutions & sets, therapeutic dietary supplements, influenza vaccine, prescription vials, medical & surgical supplies, dental supplies & equipment.
Most of the solicitations for these contracts and agreements are competitive, best value procurements with a performance period of one year with up to four option years. All of these programs are open for use by VA medical centers and related facilities, other Government agencies, and some State Veterans Homes.
The HTME Branch awards consolidated acquisitions for radiation therapy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, physiological monitoring, diagnostic ultrasound upgrades & accessories, x-ray equipment, and nuclear medicine. HTME also provides contracting support to VA Headquarters, VISN Offices, VA facilities and Environmental Management Service for laundry facility equipment additions, retrofits, and upgrades.
The Medical/Surgical and Pharmaceutical Standardization programs reduces costs by standardizing products and sources of supply, while ensuring clinician needs are met.
The Pharmaceutical repackaging program executes blanket purchase agreement against existing Federal Supply Schedule contracts for pharmaceuticals in bulk sizes that facilitate delivery to the VA repackager, which supplies these products in Government labeled unit of use containers. Customers of pharmaceutical repackaging order direct and receive supplies from the VA repackager. Need more information? Contact email@example.com (708) 786-5921.


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Always measure while wearing a bra without padding.
For example: If the band size is 36 (31" + 5") and the fullest bust measurement is 39", find the difference - 39"-36" = 3" or C cup. Your bra size is 36C.
Size charts are to be used as a guide and provide general body measurements. Sizing and fit may vary by brand and/or body type.
Your Bra Wirefree Bra by Warner's offers superior fit and support. Foam lined cups feature 8-way stretch for natural shape. Full back coverage provides smoothing with fully adjustable stretch straps for custom fit.
Web Id: P000223536


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MeridianLink and DigitalMailer have joined forces to turbocharge loan growth, invest in new customer relationships and strengthen ties to current customers. Using email, online surveys, automated voice calls and triggered responses, we're following up on every opportunity and courting every lead with passion, persistence and focus.
With a few, non-sensitive pieces of consumer information (name, email address, phone number), an email is sent to the consumer with information related to their needs. No brochures to carry, none to print - just the info they've requested.
Combine attractive collateral with secure forms and automated emails to turn interested users into buyers. The product uses three components to gather info and start the sales process.
What might new customers want to know about your business? Fill in the gaps and encourage new users to learn more. Send newcomer emails for weeks, or even months, to keep your business in the mind of the customer without being overpowering.
With just one click, financial institutions are finding significant cost savings, while adding increased security and convenience for their customers. Send customers a simple email and enroll them in eStatements in mere seconds.
Phone: (866) 994-4900
Twitter: @digitalmailer
Facebook: Like Us
LinkedIn: Follow our Company page
DigitalMailer, Inc. | 220 Spring Street | Suite 200 | Herndon | VA | 20170 | (866) 994-4900 || Copyright © 2015, DigitalMailer, Inc.


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Zaoui Capital set to add staff after FSA approval
Zaoui Capital, the advisory firm set up last year by brothers Michael and Yoel Zaoui – two of the most successful investment bankers of the past decade – has won approval from the Financial Services Authority to conduct regulated business, and is on the lookout for junior staff.
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60 Minute Check-Up: Kidney Disease and HypertensionEvent Details: 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m., March 28, St. Louis County Library Headquarters, 1640 S. Lindbergh Blvd.
If you have questions about the connection between kidney disease and hypertension, the next 60-Minute Check-Up, sponsored by SLUCare, the physician practice of Saint Louis University, and the St. Louis County Library, is for you. SLUCare nephrologists Kevin Martin, M.B., B.Ch., and Paul Schmitz, M.D., will share information and dispel myths about kidney disease and hypertension.
The 60-Minute Check-Up will be held from 2-3:30 p.m. on Monday, March 28 at the St. Louis County Library Headquarters, located at 1640 S. Lindbergh Blvd.
"Not many people know that most causes of hypertension result from something wrong in the kidneys," Martin said. "The 60-Minute Check-Up will give participants the opportunity to better monitor their health."
Also at the 60-Minute Check-Up, St. Louis County Library reference librarian Christina Pryor will talk about library resources available to help people improve their health and SLUCare will provide complimentary blood pressure screenings.
The Community Health Literacy Series is a part of the department of internal medicine's yearlong centennial celebration. The free events are designed to provide information to keep you healthy as well as resources to help you learn more about health-related issues.
Because space is limited, reservations are recommended. To reserve your spot, call the St. Louis County Library at 314-994-3300.
Upcoming series events include "Blood and Cancer 101" on Monday, April 25 and "Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Colon Cancer Prevention" on Monday, May 26.
Read more about the department of internal medicine's yearlong centennial celebration.
Learn about SLUCare's new "Who Are We?" campaign designed to reintroduce the practice to the region.
SLUCare, the physician practice of Saint Louis University School of Medicine, is the only academic medical practice in St. Louis that is fully accredited by the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care Inc. This accreditation is a voluntary process through which the quality of SLUCare services and performance is measured against nationally recognized standards. To schedule an appointment, call 314-977-4440 or 1-866-977-4440. More information is available at www.slucare.edu.


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MSBTE Time Table 2014 Summer & Winter Diploma Polytechnic Pharmacy 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Sem- msbte.com:
Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra has been released the MSBTE Polytechnic/ Diploma & ITI Date Sheet/ Time Table 2014 of 1st, 2nd, 3rd or Final Year & 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Semester. Students who are going to take the MSBTE Polytechnic/ Diploma Exam can download their Date Sheet/ Time Table from here or from the official website itself.
Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra conducts the examinations and institutes affiliated to and influenced by their board, The Exam Time Table, Syllabus and the pattern they follow will be diversified and unique when compared to that of the other colleges and institutes.They are exceptional and unique in the aspects of the education system they follow and the continuous effort of them to harness and nurture the unexplored potential of the students enrolled in them and make them culminate into greater potential .
A lot of Students who are currently being enrolled in the colleges and Institutes who are about to take the MSBTE Polytechnic/ Diploma Exam in the forth coming year would be eager to be be aware of the MSBTE Polytechnic/ Diploma ITI Exam Time table 2014 Exam schedule or Date sheet according to which the system of examinations will be scheduled.
A several thousands of candidates from all over India are going to take the examination 2014. All of them are awaiting the MSBTE Polytechnic Exam Date Sheet 2014. Students can use the below link for downloading their MSBTE Polytechnic/ Diploma Time Table 2014.
If you have any doubts, leave you valuable questions in the below comment box and don't forget to like our Facebook page for more updates.


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No more groping for the right tool when you're up against a wall
More than just a utility knife, keyhole saw, rasp, punch and prybar – as if that isn't enough. It also pulls out screws when you miss a stud. Invented by a seasoned pro to improve a sheetrocker's quality of life and increase productivity, the Roc Wizard combines most of the tools you need into one 1-1/4"W x 6"L unit. The fast-cutting lockback keyhole saw is fully hardened, with individually sharpened teeth that stay sharp. The utility knife provides push-button blade replacement and accepts most standard blades. A steel punch opens and unclogs caulk tubes. The entire spine is a drywall rasp for smoothing rough edges. The tough prybar is notched to remove errant drywall screws.
ROC Wizard
Item: 56834


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|Latest Humble Bundle gives you the freedom to make your own games in Front Page News
|How is Windows 10... even remotely close to being complete? in Microsoft Beta (Windows 10)
|Your Favourite(?) UI Discrepancies in Microsoft (Windows) Discussion & Support
|No video PC or Mouse on new system setup in Hardware Hangout
|Restore image on new HDD in Hardware Hangout
Posted 20 August 2012 - 21:00
Posted 20 August 2012 - 21:26
Posted 20 August 2012 - 21:46
Posted 21 August 2012 - 04:31
Do you have a video of you using the device?
What would be the benefit of such a device in the real world? Seems kind of an awkward gimmick.
Unfortunately wearable computer enthusiasts made a smaller and more versatile version of this over 10 years ago...
I appreciate your sentiments! I have dreamed to make a device such as this when I first saw Minority Report as a kid, and I'm just glad and proud of my team for making this a reality.
Gees we have a lot of armchair critics on these forums these days. I know I can't build a glove like that and irrespective of if its been tried before I give a tip of the hat to anyone that is willing to step up and build something. Unfortunately I don't use facebook so I can't help you OP other than say all the best with the comp and hope you and the team keep it up.
Posted 21 August 2012 - 04:38
I agree with Xilo. Seems awkward as Hell.
Here's another version:
Then we have this one:
Posted 21 August 2012 - 09:54
Posted 21 August 2012 - 12:11
I would like to think 10 years ago the technology wasn't quite there. With the introduction of smartphones and popularization of Bluetooth technology, and with the upcoming wave of head mounted displays (Google Glass), wearable computing will become more acceptable and mainstream.
Posted 21 August 2012 - 14:22
Both devices are really cool in their own regard and I respect the inventors. However, the keyglove has a higher learning curve due to the key combinations. With Gauntlet, the keys are clearly laid out on your hand, and your thumb is the only touch point, so you can learn to type in just a day without having to memorize complex key patterns. The peregrine is designed to be a gaming device, thus it has limited inputs, not to mention it is wired and USB connection only.


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Skip to Section Subnavigation Skip to Page Content
For first-year and transfer students.
Associate and bachelor's degree programs for men and women 4 full years out of high school.
Elementary, middle level and secondary certification for men and women with a bachelor's degree.
Skip to Page Content
Film has served as a central entertainment medium in our culture for more than a century. It has influenced how we think and how we perceive, perhaps even who we are. Early films can tell us much about how generations have thought in the past, while contemporary films comment upon the social, economic, or cultural issues of the day. The study of film also challenges us to understand the specific contexts in which films have been conceived, produced, distributed and consumed, as well as the messages and ideologies that viewers absorb while watching a film. The Film Studies minor, then, offers students an opportunity to sharpen their analytical skills while learning about an exciting and often demanding medium.
Student must complete four courses from among the following: ENG 230: Film Analysis and History ENG 335: Film Genres and Genders ENG 380: Literary and Cultural Interpretation COM 304: Media TheoryIn addition to the courses listed above, selected Topics courses across the curriculum related to film studies may also be used in satisfying requirements in the minor (these courses need approval of the minor area director.)
For more information, contact Michael G. CorneliusChair, English and Mass CommunicationsWilson College1015 Philadelphia AvenueChambersburg, PA 17201(717) 264-4141, ext. firstname.lastname@example.com


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Apple MacBook 2009
Apple has revived the standard MacBook, giving a new entry into the Mac world. Based around a polycarbonate unibody design, the new white MacBook adopts much of the design ethos found in its MacBook Pro big brothers.
With a 13-inch LED-backlit display, featuring edge-to-edge glass, its innards are similar to previous generation unibody MacBooks, featuring an Intel Core 2 Duo 2.26GHz processor, 2GB RAM, an Nvidia GeForce 9400M GPU and 250GB hard drive.
It also features Apple's new built-in battery which purports to give 7 hours of use and of course features Apple's glass multi-touch trackpad.
The design is slightly fatter than its 13-inch aluminium friends, with curved edges giving it a nice rounded finish. The bottom also loses the feet, instead the entire bottom is a tactile mat, giving grip on whatever you put it on.
You still get the Superdrive and in terms of ports you have Gigabit Ethernet, 2x USB 2.0, Mini DisplayPort and a headphone socket, which is both in audio input and output.
Available now, it will set you back £799.


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To quantify the effectiveness of this service, we leverage our prior Android Malware Genome Project and check whether the collected Android malware samples can be detected. We conducted our experiments on November 30, 2012, by using the same dataset of 1260 samples (belonging to 49 different families) that has been widely shared within the research community, including Google. Our study involves semi-automated installation of them on a few of latest Nexus 10 tablets (16GB) running Android 4.2 (build number:JOP40C). The detailed detection results are shown in Table 1. Overall, among these 1260 samples, 193 of them can be detected, indicating a low detection rate of 15.32%.
Link: http://www.cs.ncsu.e...iang/appverify/


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Part 2: The Internet of Everything: Code, Cars, and More
July 24, 2014 By Wayne Jackson
In part one of my blog, It's Just the Way Software is Made, I discussed the realities of how software is made, the birth of agile development, and the advent of component-based software development. Today, we will drive down the software supply chain to understand where your software has really coming from. I'll also discuss why it's important for us to instill high quality standards and governance policies in our "parts" ecosystem.


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Top Searches:
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July 22, 2013
Links: Australian Glass and the Pacific Northwest at Museum of Glass
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Action/Adventure, Animation, Family
"Epic" tells the story of an ongoing battle deep in the forest between the forces of good and the forces of evil. When a teen age girl finds herself magically transported into this secret universe, she must band together with a rag-tag team of fun and whimsical characters in order to save their world... and ours.
Rated PG for mild action, some scary images and brief rude language.
Visit the official site
Cast: Josh Hutcherson, Beyonce Knowles, Colin Farrell, Johnny Knoxville, Amanda Seyfried
Produced by:
Directed by: Chris Wedge
Written by:
Running time: 1hr 42min
Opens: May 24, 2013 Nationwide


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The annual Lynda R. Campbell Memorial Lecture Series "Topics in Diversity" will be presented from 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Friday, April 8, in the Pere Marquette Gallary in DuBourg Hall. The event is free and open to the public however registrations are requested.
Exequiel Plaza, M.Sc., professor of communication at the University of Talca in Talca, Chile, will present "Communication Disorders and Poverty in Latin America."
The program will focus on approaches to treating communication disorders in Latin American countries, including the challenges of working with people living in poverty..
Because of the growing number of persons from Latin American countries immigrating to the United States, the presentation also addresses the varied cultures and Spanish spoken by those from Latin America in order to better provide for them culturally
About Exequiel Plaza: Plaza is a senior speech pathologist from Chile. He is currently an assistant Professor of the University of Talca where he is director of the
undergraduate program and a member of the academic committee of the language and speech pathology graduate program. He holds a masters degree in human communication and health management. Plaza's areas of study are neurological speech and language disorders, disability and vulnerable populations.
He has worked in the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Social Planning and also has pursued studies in Japan and the United Kingdom regarding human communication and rehabilitation. More recently, his professional and teaching activities have been related to graduate programs in Brazil and Perú.
About the Lynda R.Campbell Lecture Series: The lecture series, "Topics in Diversity," is a tribute to Lynda R. Campbell, Ph.D., who passed away in 2001. She was an associate professor and the past chair of the department of communication sciences and disorders at Saint Louis University. Campbell was nationally recognized for her publications and research in multicultural issues and dedication to her students.
For more information or to RSVP, call (314) 977-2939 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.


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China Barbie® Doll
Designed by: Linda Kyaw
Release Date: 11/17/2011
Product Code: W3323
"Ni hao! That's how I say hello!"
Barbie® wears an Asian-inspired gown of red "silk" embroidered with flowers and leaves in gold and black with touches of orange, pink and blue. Her shoes are traditional geta, her jewelry (golden bangle bracelets and red "jewel" drop earrings) is timeless and her hair evokes drama. Includes "passport," country stickers, panda friend and brush.
For ages 6 and over.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.
Collector Photos
No one has uploaded any photos.


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Quick Links
Shop All Jewelry
NL10073 In Stock
This amorous sterling silver hugs and kisses necklace is both playful and shows devotion with its design. The polished finished sterling silver X's catch the eye as the glittering circles soothe your own. The total essence of this sterling silver hugs and kisses necklace is one to be cherished. Shop with confidence knowing that the quality of our sterling silver necklaces and pendants is backed by our 60 day jewelry return policy to assure complete satisfaction.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Achieving your investment objectives may require more than a pooled fund - our Investment Solutions provide additional tools to combine with our Investment Capabilities in order to deliver your investment solution.
We have a range of experts solutions whether you require a segregated mandate tailored to your exact requirements, a responsible investing screen, the independent risk oversight of our investment managers or the safe transition of your investments between managers.
Wayne Bowers
As Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of Northern Trust Asset Management, EMEA and APAC, Wayne is responsible for the continued growth and development of Northern Trust's investment business in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific. Wayne also serves as Chief Investment Officer of international markets, as a Director of Japan, K.K. and is a member of the corporation's European Management Committee, which oversees all Northern Trust businesses in the EMEA region.
Before joining Northern Trust in 1999 as Director of Global Fixed Income, Wayne worked for ABN AMRO Bank and Hambros Bank, where he managed multi-instrument trading books and used foreign exchange and interest rate derivative markets to extract relative value opportunities. He has more than 20 years of experience as a portfolio manager, proprietary trader and market maker within multi-instrument, multi-currency environments.
Northern Trust Corporation. Head Office: 50 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603 U.S.A. Incorporated with limited liability in the U.S. Products and services provided by subsidiaries of Northern Trust Corporation may vary in different markets and are offered in accordance with local regulation. For more information, read our legal and regulatory information about individual market offices.
Northern Trust Asset Management comprises Northern Trust Investments, Inc., Northern Trust Global Investments Limited, Northern Trust Global Investments Japan, K.K., NT Global Advisors, Inc. and investment personnel of The Northern Trust Company of Hong Kong Limited and The Northern Trust Company.
This material is directed to professional clients only and is not intended for retail clients. For Asia-Pacific markets, it is directed to institutional investors, expert investors and professional investors only and should not be relied upon by retail investors.
Issued by Northern Trust Global Investments Limited.


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Top Searches:
Horoscopes |
Salaries |
Washam |
July 22, 2013
Links: Australian Glass and the Pacific Northwest at Museum of Glass
Wsu Master Gardeners of Pierce County at Master Gardener of Pierce County
The Shape of Things by Neil Labute at Dukesbay Theater
All events for today »
Submit an event | All events
Drama, Romance
This musical provides a different angle on friendship, love and career. It is about an educated professional who builds up their career and personal life too.
Rated No Rating .
Visit the official site
Cast: Sanjay, Vanky, Sriya Dhanvantari
Produced by: Dil Raju
Directed by: Lagadapati Sridhar
Written by:
Running time: 2hr 55min
Opens: Jul 16, 2010 Limited


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The Vampire Diaries
Vampire Diaries Speculation: Is There Still Something Between Jeremy and Bonnie?
Lately it seems as if Bonnie (Kat Graham) only has eyes for her spirit tea-pusher, Professor Shane (David Alpay). But in a sneak peek for Vampire Diaries Season 4, Episode 9, "O Come All Ye Faithful," the witch and Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) have a tiny moment.
In the video, Jeremy is chopping wood in his tank top. Because, of course. We don't know why his deprogrammers (aka, Bonnie and Shane) let the hunter around wood, because it's just handing him the tools for making vampire-killing stakes. When Elena (Nina Dobrev) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) pull up to the GIlbert cabin, where Jeremy's "treatment" is taking place," the Five's newest member gets all clenched and hostile.
"They shouldn't be here," Jeremy tells Bonnie. She explains that Elena and Damon are there to help. "Do you trust me?" she asks, as she slips the ax out of his hand. He says he does, and she leads him inside.
It's almost like the old days... except Shane is waiting in the cabin. We know Jeremy is barely hanging on to scraps of his old life, but maybe Bonnie, the one who brought him back from the dead, will keep Jeremy from going over the edge?
Need your daily Vampire Diaries fix? Like us on our Facebook page or follow us on Twitter!


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Environmental Management Companies in Benin
based in CHINA
Engin Mining provides screening & crushing system, sands washing and tailing disposal program. And we focus on the design, construction and operation services. We employ cutting edge technology to cost-effective, deliver reliable and efficient project solutions.Our minerals capability covers gold, copper, zinc, silver, chrome, iron ore and other base metals.
based in Kolkata, INDIA
TELE NET is India`s leader in Acoustics & Ultrasonic Pest Repellers products for end users. Our wide range of pest control devices include the modern ultrasonic pest control and electronic pest control. Our non toxic non chemical ultrasonic pest repellers and sonic pest repellers are excellent at controlling pests such as rats, mice, ants, spiders, cockroaches, ...
EcoWater Canada Ltd. - a member of the Marmon Group of Companies
based in Mississauga, ONTARIO (CANADA)
EcoWater Systems is a member company of The Marmon Group, an international company of over 140 autonomous manufacturing and service companies and a subsidiary of the Berkshire Hathaway Company. As a Water Quality Association (WQA) member, we belong to a not-for-profit international trade association representing the residential, commercial and industrial water treatment ...
Chwmeg, Inc.
based in Pittsburgh, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
CHWMEG, Inc. is a non-profit trade association representing over 690 participating entities. CHWMEG conducts comprehensive reviews of waste vendors, recycling vendors, e-scrap processors and spent material processors worldwide. CHWMEG members receive high quality, detailed, objective information concerning potential business risk at reviewed facilities. A unique ...
Abt Associates
based in Cambridge, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
Abt Associates is a mission-driven, global leader in research and program implementation in the fields of health, social and environmental policy, and international development. Known for its rigorous approach to solving complex challenges, Abt Associates was ranked as one of the top 20 global research firms in 2011 and also named one of the top 40 international ...
Automata, Inc.
based in Nevada City, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Automata has been manufacturing complete systems solutions including telemetry, software, and sensors since 1975. This equipment is used in a wide variety of industrial and agricultural applications. We offer satellite, hard wire, infrared, narrow band radio and spread spectrum radio communications to suit a wide range of environments. These award-winning products are ...
ABG Geosynthetics
based in Meltham, UNITED KINGDOM
ABG Geosynthetics offers an extensive range of geocomposite drainage & gas venting layers, geotextiles, geomembranes, geogrids, retaining walls, erosion control products and asphalt reinforcement grids. ABG specialises in providing environmental protection systems involving landfill lining and containment, surface water drainage, gas dispersal, membrane protection, ...
C and N Petroleum Equipment
based in Jet Park, SOUTH AFRICA
Africa's leading provider of bulk liquid transfer equipment solutions in the petroleum & chemical industries.Established in 1992 our equipment services cover a wide range of disciplines from liquid storage to fuel handling, safe product transfer, vapour recovery, fuel dispensing, spillage prevention, safety promotion, cost minimization and ultimate performance ...
Rimon Ltd
based in Caesarea, ISRAEL
Rimon Ltd., is a global leader in flow-processing infrastructures and water technologies. The company provides field-proven, efficient wastewater reuse systems for public, government and private sector use. A comprehensive Rimon plan can stretch this valuable natural resource to serve the same region twice, or even three times, using technology that provides double ...
ITI Energy Limited
based in Rotherham, UNITED KINGDOM
ITI Energy Limited manufactures a compact and highly efficient thermal conversion technology based on a patented advanced gasification design. Combined with the most up-to-date, commercially available gas clean-up systems the technology generates a synthetic gas that is clean enough to fuel an internal combustion engine.


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OCCASIONS & CELEBRATIONS: McLeod-Brennan Kathryn Claire Brennan and Thomas Gordon McLeod were married May 30, 2015 at Trinity Church in New Orleans, Louisiana by the Reverend Henry L. Hudson. A reception followed at Brennan's. The bride is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Owen...More info Email a friend
OCCASIONS & CELEBRATIONS: Heckel 70th Anniversary Col. (Ret.) Charles and Jackie Heckel will celebrate their 70th wedding anniversary on July 1, 2015. Their four daughters are Rev. Susan Johnson of Marietta, GA, Pamela Franklin of Columbia, SC, Pattie Raymond of Columbia, SC, and...More info Email a friend
OCCASIONS & CELEBRATIONS: Bizzaco-Hooker Hope Marie Hooker, daughter of Kevin and Sabrina Hooker of Elgin, SC, became the bride of Anthony Michael Bizzaco, son of Mark and Carolyn Bizzaco of Sumter, SC on Saturday, June 13th, 2015, at the Long Creek Church of Christ in Columbia. ...More info Email a friend
OCCASIONS & CELEBRATIONS: Senn-Farmer Sarah Morgan Farmer and Caleb Thomas Senn were married Saturday, June 27, 2015, at St. John's United Methodist Church in Anderson, South Carolina. The Reverend Dan Batson officiated. The reception was held at the Anderson Arts Center. The bride...More info Email a friend


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Lazy Sunday after a ridiculous week at work and wife is gone to a friend's all day. Time for some chocolate blizzard and season 3 of Breaking Bad.
Lazy Sunday after a ridiculous week at work and wife is gone to a friend's all day. Time for some chocolate blizzard and season 3 of Breaking Bad.
Forever 63* at the SCG
I'm thinking "Paris or Barcelona?"
WWCC - Loyaulte Mi Lie
"People make me happy.. not places.. people"
"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life." - Samuel Johnson
"Hope is the fuel of progress and fear is the prison in which you put yourself" - Tony Benn
#408. Sixty three not out forever.
Parmi | #1 draft pick | Jake King is **** | Big Bash League tipping champion of the universeCome and Paint Turtle
I'm thinking that the ****ing idiots on this Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/HelpUsFindJillMeagher who are either trying to play amateur detective and point stuff out to the police, or call for psychics to be used, need to be visited at their homes and kicked firmly in the arse. It's not 'The Mentalist' you dopey ****s.
"What is this what is this who is this guy shouting what is this going on in here?" - CP. (re: psxpro)
R.I.P Craigos, you were a champion bloke. One of the best
R.I.P Fardin 'Bob' Qayyumi
Member of the Church of the Holy Glenn McGrath
"How about you do something contstructive in this forum for once and not fill the forum with ****. You offer nothing." - theegyptian.
In Amsterdam airport. Matt Corby playing over the speakers. Surprising.
After taking the dog for her late night walk, I have concluded that I'm in the 10% of Hamiltonians who are currently sober.
Exit pursuing a beerOriginally Posted by Jimmy Neesham
Cricket Web's 2013/14 Premier League Tipping Champion
- As featured in The Independent.
"The PFA does not represent players when they have broken the law and been convicted on non-football matters."
- Gordon Taylor in 2009 following Marlon King's release after a prison sentence for sexual assault & ABH
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Style #: MW1569BR, MW1569BO
For further details regarding our pricavy policies including the use of cookies please click here. For instructions on how to enable cookies please click here. If you need assistance one of our customer service representatives at 1-800-850-7463 would be glad to help.
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This MW 1569 is running shoe is designed to offer you more natural running experience and to allow you to connect with the ground. Crafted with upper mesh and synthetic overlays, this multi-purpose shoe features fully padded collar and lace ups for comfort and secure fit. Built with comfort and cushioning features, this shoe encourages a performance worthy of your efforts.
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Regions and Cities
In today's globalised, knowledge-driven and networked world, regions and cities have assumed heightened significance as the interconnected nodes of economic, social and cultural production, and as sites of new modes of economic governance and policy experimentation. This book series brings together incisive and critically engaged international and interdisciplinary research on this resurgence of regions and cities, and should be of interest to geographers, economists, sociologists, political scientists and cultural scholars, as well as to policy-makers involved in regional and urban development.
For more information on the Regional Studies Association visit www.regionalstudies.org
Did you know? There is a 30% discount available to RSA members on books in the Regions and Cities series, and other subject related Taylor and Francis books and e-books including Routledge titles. To order just e-mail Diane Rachuba, firstname.lastname@example.com, or phone on +1 212 216 7801 and declare your RSA membership.


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What, then, you will say, is there no authority in the definitions of councils? Yes, indeed; for I do not contend that all councils are to be condemned, and all their acts rescinded, or, as it is said, made one complete erasure.
Okay; this sounds good, and moderate, but how does it work in practice? The Council of Nicaea, for example, made certain decrees. If at length a Protestant today decides that certain of these decrees are falsehoods and insufficiently "biblical" etc., on what basis does he discard them? On his private judgment alone? If that is the case, several problems immediately arise. Why should his single opinion trump that of dozens or hundreds of bishops, as the case may be? Why should we take the opinion of the one over the opinion of the many? But granting that such a scenario is acceptable, now (very often, given internal Protestant division and doctrinal chaos) we have two individuals (say, Luther and Calvin) who reject a council and substitute something else in its place with regard to some theological particular. But they disagree as to the substitute.
Now, then, we have an ancient council that is partially rejected, on the authority of a single individual. Two such individuals might very well disagree on the solution to the "error." Whom do we choose? On what basis? Why should we assume that a lone individual has a superior interpretation of Scripture and theological tradition, over against an assembly of many learned bishops? Or if a group today (some dreaded committee of some denomination) decides to overrule Nicaea or Chalcedon, etc., why should we accept their corporate dogmatic authority more than Nicaea's or Chalcedon's (or Pope Leo the Great's)? We see, then, that it is arbitrary at every turn, and it always, inevitably logically reduces to radical individualism and doctrinal relativism, to reject the traditional understanding of Christian authority. It breaks down as soon as a few penetrating questions are asked. Calvin cannot give answer, but his followers today do scarcely better when confronted with such difficult conundrums, raised by their rule of faith.
But you are bringing them all (it will be said) under subordination, and so leaving every one at liberty to receive or reject the decrees of councils as he pleases. By no means;
To the contrary, by all means . . .
but whenever the decree of a council is produced, the first thing I would wish to be done is, to examine at what time it was held, on what occasion, with what intention, and who were present at it; next I would bring the subject discussed to the standard of Scripture.
Exactly. Calvin thus stands as judge over the council, and this contradicts what he just stated about it not being the case that "every one [is] at liberty to receive or reject the decrees of councils as he pleases." Councils declare that such-and-such a doctrine is biblical and true; Calvin says it is not. And we are supposed to bow and accept his authority as God's Oracle? And he complains about the popes having too much theological pull and power and say?
And this I would do in such a way that the decision of the council should have its weight, and be regarded in the light of a prior judgment, yet not so as to prevent the application of the test which I have mentioned.
That has all sorts of practical difficulties of application, as we shall see again and again.
I wish all had observed the method which Augustine prescribes in his Third Book against Maximinus, when he wished to silence the cavils of this heretic against the decrees of councils, "I ought not to oppose the Council of Nice to you, nor ought you to oppose that of Ariminum to me, as prejudging the question. I am not bound by the authority of the latter, nor you by that of the former. Let thing contend with thing, cause with cause, reason with reason, on the authority of Scripture, an authority not peculiar to either, but common to all."
Yes; this was the case precisely because Augustine was talking to a heretic, who rejected the authority of Nicaea (just as Protestants selectively do with all councils). Maximinus was an Arian bishop. They had to argue from Scripture because that was what they held in common. That is exactly what I do with Protestants, who reject conciliar infallibility. As a Catholic apologist "being all things to all people," I argue from Scripture 98% of the time, because my Protestant opponents accept the authority of Holy Scripture. I do the same with Jehovah's Witnesses: today's Arians. One must either cite Scripture with them or internal inconsistencies and false prophecies in their own published works.
In this way, councils would be duly respected, and yet the highest place would be given to Scripture, everything being brought to it as a test.
The above example doesn't suffice to prove this, because it was a methodological decision by Augustine, not a rejection of the same council's authority. This is so obvious it is embarrassing to even have to point it out.
Thus those ancient Councils of Nice, Constantinople, the first of Ephesus, Chalcedon, and the like, which were held for refuting errors, we willingly embrace, and reverence as sacred, in so far as relates to doctrines of faith, for they contain nothing but the pure and genuine interpretation of Scripture, which the holy Fathers with spiritual prudence adopted to crush the enemies of religion who had then arisen.
Excellent. Then we must ask: by what principle are later councils rejected? They were convoked by the same principles and authority as these earlier ones. All of a sudden what was "sacred" authority becomes the opposite? If these councils were protected by the Holy Spirit from error, then it stands to reason that others, convened in the same fashion, were also. But these councils that even Calvin reverences were orthodox because all (by mere coincidence) were confirmed by popes as orthodox.
In some later councils, also, we see displayed a true zeal for religion, and moreover unequivocal marks of genius, learning, and prudence.
Which ones?
But as matters usually become worse and worse, it is easy to see in more modern councils how much the Church gradually degenerated from the purity of that golden age.
Which ones? Which doctrines? And how do we know this with certainty?
I doubt not, however, that even in those more corrupt ages, councils had their bishops of better character.
But by his time, councils had become completely corrupt; so argues Calvin, while rarely producing hard evidences for this alleged total defection from the faith.
But it happened with them as the Roman senators of old complained in regard to their decrees. Opinions being numbered, not weighed, the better were obliged to give way to the greater number. They certainly put forth many impious sentiments. There is no need here to collect instances, both because it would be tedious, and because it has been done by others so carefully, as not to leave much to be added.
How convenient (and disappointing) . . .
Moreover, why should I review the contests of council with council?
Because it is absolutely crucial to his ultimately "anti-conciliar" case.
Nor is there any ground for whispering to me, that when councils are at variance, one or other of them is not a lawful council. For how shall we ascertain this?
By seeing what Rome determines, which was always the method (most notably with Chalcedon in 451, over against the Robber Council of 449.
Just, if I mistake not, by judging from Scripture that the decrees are not orthodox.
Men disagree on that. There has to be a final say somewhere.
For this alone is the sure law of discrimination.
But impossible to implement in practical terms without binding human Church authority . . .
It is now about nine hundred years since the Council of Constantinople, convened under the Emperor Leo, determined that the images set up in temples were to be thrown down and broken to pieces. Shortly after, the Council of Nice, which was assembled by Irene, through dislike of the former, decreed that images were to be restored. Which of the two councils shall we acknowledge to be lawful? The latter has usually prevailed, and secured a place for images in churches. But Augustine maintains that this could not be done without the greatest danger of idolatry.
That was what the Mind of the Church decided. Idolatry is always a danger with some people, because it is an internal thing, and folks can always use images wrongly, in an impious or idolatrous fashion, if they so choose. That doesn't make the image wrong in and of itself, as all things can be distorted and misunderstood.
Epiphanius, at a later period, speaks much more harshly (Epist. ad Joann. Hierosolym. et Lib. 3 contra Hæres.). For he says, it is an unspeakable abomination to see images in a Christian temple.
That's odd, seeing that God Himself commanded this for His own temple. The ark of the covenant was certainly an image. It had carved cherubim (Ex 25:22; Num 7:89). God even said this is where He would meet with His people, on the mercy seat between the two cherubim (Ex 30:6). Joshua "fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the LORD" (Josh 7:6). Was this idolatry? The temple had huge images in it, by the express decree of God:
1 Kings 6:23-29 In the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim of olivewood, each ten cubits high. [24] Five cubits was the length of one wing of the cherub, and five cubits the length of the other wing of the cherub; it was ten cubits from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other. [25] The other cherub also measured ten cubits; both cherubim had the same measure and the same form. [26] The height of one cherub was ten cubits, and so was that of the other cherub. [27] He put the cherubim in the innermost part of the house; and the wings of the cherubim were spread out so that a wing of one touched the one wall, and a wing of the other cherub touched the other wall; their other wings touched each other in the middle of the house. [28] And he overlaid the cherubim with gold. [29] He carved all the walls of the house round about with carved figures of cherubim and palm trees and open flowers, in the inner and outer rooms. (cf. 2 Chron 3:7; Ezek 41:20,25)The cherubim were angels (creatures): so use of them as aids in worship is precisely of the sort that Protestants object to in the case of a statue of a saint. But God commanded it. The very holiest places in Judaism (the temple, holy of holies, ark of the covenant) had images. The Bible often mentions praying or worshiping toward the temple (e.g., 2 Chron 6:20-33; Ps 5:7; Ps 28:2; Ps 134:2) or even bowing before it (Ps 138:2) and the temple had images. The temple wasn't a plain white clapboard building, like New England Calvinist churches. Case closed. See much more on physical items as aids of worship in the Bible.
Could those who speak thus approve of that council if they were alive in the present day? But if historians speak true, and we believe their acts, not only images themselves, but the worship of them, were there sanctioned.
The veneration of saints by means of an image is perfectly proper and biblical (as the Catholic Church has determined, lo these many centuries). See my papers:
Now it is plain that this decree emanated from Satan.
It's not "plain" in the slightest! Calvin has made a foolish, unwarranted, unbiblical conclusion that all images (not just corruption or inadequate understanding of the use of them) automatically reduce to idolatry. If that is so, then it would make God Himself a liar or incompetent judge of these matters, given the scriptural data outlined above. This was the flimsy rationale used by the early Calvinists to engage in iconoclasm and to smash stained glass and even statues of Jesus Christ, as if Catholics were worshiping plaster rather than our Lord Jesus. This is one of the most curious, odd, altogether stupid manifestations of early Calvinism. It derives far more from Islam than from Hebrew-Christian tradition or the Bible. Historically, it flourished only after the arrival of Islam, because of that religion's strong iconoclasm.
Do they not show, by corrupting and wresting Scripture, that they held it in derision?
Anyone who does this is deriding Scripture. The dispute is who are the ones doing this? If Calvin takes an absolute view against all Christian images, it is He who wars against Scripture, history, and indeed God Himself. God would be reduced to a Being Who was too dumb to know that what He Himself commanded was idolatry, and against Himself. In other words, either God wouldn't be God, or He would be a self-contradictory, wicked "god" at cross-purposes with himself.
This I have made sufficiently clear in a former part of the work (see Book I. chap. 11 sec. 14).
Not if he offered no more argument than he has here, which was virtually none at all . . .
Be this as it may, we shall never be able to distinguish between contradictory and dissenting councils, which have been many, unless we weigh them all in that balance for men and angels, I mean, the word of God.
That has already been done. Why should we renounce all this past established history of the Church and her decrees and dogmas, and now place all responsibility on upstart Calvin, and his "idol"-smashing minions? It's as if the past means absolutely nothing. All that past generations of Christians have learned, led by the Holy Spirit, can be nullified by the stroke of Calvin's mighty, All-Knowing pen.
Thus we embrace the Council of Chalcedon, and repudiate the second of Ephesus, because the latter sanctioned the impiety of Eutyches, and the former condemned it.
That is correct. And the key figure who declared as much at the time, was Pope St. Leo the Great. If it were up to the eastern bishops, the heretical Robber Council of Ephesus (449) would have been accepted as truth.
The judgment of these holy men was founded on the Scriptures, and while we follow it, we desire that the word of God, which illuminated them, may now also illuminate us. Let the Romanists now go and boast after their manner, that the Holy Spirit is fixed and tied to their councils.
We do. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 is a superb example of that. I have used Calvin's own method (recourse to Scripture) to show that his aversion to all images is most unbiblical. What does it say of Calvin's exegetical acumen if he could overlook so much plain Scripture?
Even in their ancient and purer councils there is something to be desiderated, either because the otherwise learned and prudent men who attended, being distracted by the business in hand, did not attend to many things beside; or because, occupied with grave and more serious measures, they winked at some of lesser moment; or simply because, as men, they were deceived through ignorance, or were sometimes carried headlong by some feeling in excess.
Did I not predict not far above that Calvin's radical new anti-conciliar principle would eventually chip away at the authority of even those councils he claims to especially revere? It's happening right before our eyes as we read. Everyone understands (if this is Calvin's primary meaning) that there is human corruption in councils. The question is whether any of these human shortcomings corrupt the doctrines promulgated.
Of this last case (which seems the most difficult of all to avoid) we have a striking example in the Council of Nice, which has been unanimously received, as it deserves, with the utmost veneration. For when the primary article of our faith was there in peril, and Arius, its enemy, was present, ready to engage any one in combat, and it was of the utmost moment that those who had come to attack Arius should be agreed, they nevertheless, feeling secure amid all these dangers, nay, as it were, forgetting their gravity, modesty, and politeness, laying aside the discussion which was before them (as if they had met for the express purpose of gratifying Arius), began to give way to intestine dissensions, and turn the pen, which should have been employed against Arius, against each other. Foul accusations were heard, libels flew up and down, and they never would have ceased from their contention until they had stabbed each other with mutual wounds, had not the Emperor Constantine interfered, and declaring that the investigation of their lives was a matter above his cognisance, repressed their intemperance by flattery rather than censure.
This is exactly what I referred to: human flaws and shortcomings were present, but they did not pervert the doctrinal decrees. The same thing applies to the more notoriously immoral popes. God manages to overcome these things by His power and providence.
In how many respects is it probable that councils, held subsequently to this, have erred?
In hundreds of respects, but for the supernatural protection from God, which is the entire point.
Nor does the fact stand in need of a long demonstration; any one who reads their acts will observe many infirmities, not to use a stronger term.
No argument or particulars offered; so I'll pass . . .
Even Leo, the Roman Pontiff, hesitates not to charge the Council of Chalcedon, which he admits to be orthodox in its doctrines, with ambition and inconsiderate rashness.
Just one part of it, where Constantinople is placed on a level with Rome. Leo vetoed that, saying that Constantinople can never be made an apostolic see. It's history was very recent. Popes were needed to oversee and rule as out of order the mere political pretensions and machinations of men.
He denies not that it was lawful, but openly maintains that it might have erred.
That's why we Catholics believe that ecumenical councils are only valid insofar as the pope agrees to all their decrees.
Some may think me foolish in labouring to point out errors of this description, since my opponents admit that councils may err in things not necessary to salvation.
My labour, however, is not superfluous. For although compelled, they admit this in word, yet by obtruding upon us the determination of all councils, in all matters without distinction, as the oracles of the Holy Spirit, they exact more than they had at the outset assumed.
Some Catholics may be guilty of this; sure. They are wrong.
By thus acting what do they maintain but just that councils cannot err, of if they err, it is unlawful for us to perceive the truth, or refuse assent to their errors?
We claim more for ecumenical councils, not every council whatever. Like the fathers, we accept the received apostolic tradition, as manifest in such councils and made binding.
At the same time, all I mean to infer from what I have said is, that though councils, otherwise pious and holy, were governed by the Holy Spirit, he yet allowed them to share the lot of humanity, lest we should confide too much in men.
That argument doesn't work, since many of the Bible writers were great sinners, too (especially David and Paul). Calvin doesn't conclude that the Bible is questionable because of that. In both instances it is God's protection that overcomes these limitations.
This is a much better view than that of Gregory Nanzianzen, who says (Ep. 55), that he never saw any council end well. In asserting that all, without exception, ended ill, he leaves them little authority.
I tried to locate this but the "Epistle 55"I found had nothing to do with this and was rather short. Without more information, I can't comment further.
There is no necessity for making separate mention of provincial councils, since it is easy to estimate, from the case of general councils, how much authority they ought to have in framing articles of faith, and deciding what kind of doctrine is to be received.
Obviously, more local councils have less general authority.
But our Romanists, when, in defending their cause, they see all rational grounds slip from beneath them, betake themselves to a last miserable subterfuge.
What miserable creatures we are . . . without Calvin's paternal guidance we would all surely be lost!
Although they should be dull in intellect and counsel, and most depraved in heart and will, still the word of the Lord remains, which commands us to obey those who have the rule over us (Heb. 13:17). Is it indeed so? What if I should deny that those who act thus have the rule over us? They ought not to claim for themselves more than Joshua had, who was both a prophet of the Lord and an excellent pastor. Let us then hear in what terms the Lord introduced him to his office. "This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then shalt thou make thy way prosperous, and thou shalt have good success" (Josh. 1:7, 8). Our spiritual rulers, therefore, will be those who turn not from the law of the Lord to the right hand or the left. But if the doctrine of all pastors is to be received without hesitation, why are we so often and so anxiously admonished by the Lord not to give heed to false prophets? "Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, Hearken not unto the words of the prophets that prophesy unto you; they make you vain: they speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the Lord" (Jer. 23:16). Again, "Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing but inwardly they are ravening wolves" (Mt. 7:15). In vain also would John exhort us to try the spirits whether they be of God (1 John 4:1). From this judgment not even angels are exempted (Gal. 1:8); far less Satan with his lies. And what is meant by the expression, "If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch"? (Mt. 15:14) Does it not sufficiently declare that there is a great difference among the pastors who are to be heard, that all are not to be heard indiscriminately?
This has all been dealt with previously; not too far above.
Wherefore they have no ground for deterring us by their name, in order to draw us into a participation of their blindness, since we see, on the contrary, that the Lord has used special care to guard us from allowing ourselves to be led away by the errors of others, whatever be the mask under which they may lurk.
This, of course, assumes that the Catholics are wrong. Calvin gives no immediate argument as to why or how, so there can be no cogent reply till he does so.
For if the answer of our Saviour is true, blind guides, whether high priests, prelates, or pontiffs, can do nothing more than hurry us over the same precipice with themselves.
That's right: it's Christ vs. virtually all Catholic clergymen. Calvin's world is one of neat little, well-defined categories: packages all wrapped up in a bow. Catholics are the bad guys and Protestants the noble heroes of the faith and restorers of the gospel.
Wherefore, let no names of councils, pastors, and bishops (which may be used on false pretences as well as truly), hinder us from giving heed to the evidence both of words and facts, and bringing all spirits to the test of the divine word, that we may prove whether they are of God.
Nice rhetoric, but little argument . . .
Having proved that no power was given to the Church to set up any new doctrine,
Which Catholics fully agree with . . .
let us now treat of the power attributed to them in the interpretation of Scripture. We readily admit, that when any doctrine is brought under discussion, there is not a better or surer remedy than for a council of true bishops to meet and discuss the controverted point. There will be much more weight in a decision of this kind, to which the pastors of churches have agreed in common after invoking the Spirit of Christ, than if each, adopting it for himself, should deliver it to his people, or a few individuals should meet in private and decide.
Excellent. Would that Calvin and his followers would live more consistently by this sentiment.
Secondly, When bishops have assembled in one place, they deliberate more conveniently in common, fixing both the doctrine and the form of teaching it, lest diversity give offence.
Very true.
Thirdly, Paul prescribes this method of determining doctrine. For when he gives the power of deciding to a single church, he shows what the course of procedure should be in more important cases—namely, that the churches together are to take common cognisance. And the very feeling of piety tells us, that if any one trouble the Church with some novelty in doctrine, and the matter be carried so far that there is danger of a greater dissension, the churches should first meet, examine the question, and at length, after due discussion, decide according to Scripture, which may both put an end to doubt in the people, and stop the mouths of wicked and restless men, so as to prevent the matter from proceeding farther.
Amen! Again, Calvin will say true and wonderful things, as in these last few sections, but then contradict himself later by appealing to a more strict individualist Christian epistemology and doctrinal / ecclesiological structure.
Thus when Arius arose, the Council of Nice was convened, and by its authority both crushed the wicked attempts of this impious man, and restored peace to the churches which he had vexed, and asserted the eternal divinity of Christ in opposition to his sacrilegious dogma.
Indeed it did, along with the Roman See, which was in the vanguard against Arianism.
Thereafter, when Eunomius and Macedonius raised new disturbances, their madness was met with a similar remedy by the Council of Constantinople; the impiety of Nestorius was defeated by the Council of Ephesus. In short, this was from the first the usual method of preserving unity in the Church whenever Satan commenced his machinations. But let us remember, that all ages and places are not favoured with an Athanasius, a Basil, a Cyril, and like vindicators of sound doctrine, whom the Lord then raised up.
Sadly true; other ages are blessed with schismatics and partial heretics like Luther, Melanchthon, Calvin, Zwingli, Bucer, Bullinger, Oecolampadius, Beza, Cranmer, and the Anabaptists.
Nay, let us consider what happened in the second Council of Ephesus when the Eutychian heresy prevailed. Flavianus, of holy memory, with some pious men, was driven into exile, and many similar crimes were committed, because, instead of the Spirit of the Lord, Dioscorus, a factious man, of a very bad disposition, presided. But the Church was not there. I admit it; for I always hold that the truth does not perish in the Church though it be oppressed by one council, but is wondrously preserved by the Lord to rise again, and prove victorious in his own time. I deny, however, that every interpretation of Scripture is true and certain which has received the votes of a council.
So do we. It has to be a legitimate council in harmony with the pope, and intend to issue a binding decree on faith and morals. There were many illegitimate councils, too. Ephesus in 449 was the supreme example of that. Almost the entire east was prepared to accept it. But the west and the papacy prevailed to maintain orthodoxy. With the advent of Protestantism, sadly, the course of orthodoxy was not so fortunate.
But the Romanists have another end in view when they say that the power of interpreting Scripture belongs to councils, and that without challenge. For they employ it as a pretext for giving the name of an interpretation of Scripture to everything which is determined in councils. Of purgatory, the intercession of saints, and auricular confession, and the like, not one syllable can be found in Scripture.
This is massively untrue:
Biblical Evidence For Invocation of Angels For Intercessory Purposes / Asking For Dead Men's Intercession, and Their Prayers For UsBut as all these have been sanctioned by the authority of the Church, or, to speak more correctly, have been received by opinion and practice, every one of them is to be held as an interpretation of Scripture. And not only so, but whatever a council has determined against Scripture is to have the name of an interpretation.
Biblical Evidence for Purgatory: 25 Bible Passages
Biblical Evidence For Purgatory and Analogous Processes (50 Passages)
Biblical Evidence for Formal Forgiveness of Sins and Absolution (Confession)
Individuals can just as easily declare that their view is the "biblical" one. Calvin does this all the time. I do it myself (most people who do any theology at all, do it), but the difference is that I submit my judgments to that of the Church, and where I differ from the Church, I submit my understanding to her.
Christ bids all drink of the cup which he holds forth in the Supper. The Council of Constance prohibited the giving of it to the people, and determined that the priest alone should drink. Though this is diametrically opposed to the institution of Christ (Mt. 26:26), they will have it to be regarded as his interpretation.
There is a straightforward biblical argument for it, right from St. Paul: Biblical Evidence for the Distribution of One Species in Holy Communion.
Paul terms the prohibition of marriage a doctrine of devils (1 Tim. 4:1, 3); and the Spirit elsewhere declares that "marriage is honourable in all" (Heb. 13:4).
Paul also assumes and defends celibacy in those who want to fully devote themselves to the Lord:
Clerical Celibacy: The Biblical RationaleHaving afterwards interdicted their priests from marriage, they insist on this as a true and genuine interpretation of Scripture, though nothing can be imagined more alien to it.
The Irrational Antipathy of Luther, Calvin, and Other Protestants to Clerical Celibacy
It's plain as day in 1 Corinthians 7. Jesus also refers to "eunuchs" for the sake of the kingdom.
Should any one venture to open his lips in opposition, he will be judged a heretic, since the determination of the Church is without challenge,
That is, the Church, in direct accordance with plain words of our Lord Jesus and St. Paul . . .
and it is unlawful to have any doubt as to the accuracy of her interpretation.
Not if it is a tradition that has historical and biblical pedigree . . .
Why should I assail such effrontery? to point to it is to condemn it. Their dogma with regard to the power of approving Scripture I intentionally omit. For to subject the oracles of God in this way to the censure of men, and hold that they are sanctioned because they please men, is a blasphemy which deserves not to be mentioned.
Scripture always has to be interpreted by men. The only question is who will do this, and how binding it will be.
Besides, I have already touched upon it (Book 1 chap. 7; 8 sec. 9). I will ask them one question, however. If the authority of Scripture is founded on the approbation of the Church,
It is not. It is what it is, prior to the Church's approval:
Does the Catholic Church Think it is Superior to the Bible, and its Creator?will they quote the decree of a council to that effect? I believe they cannot.
The Canon of Scripture: Did the Catholic Church Create It Or Merely Authoritatively Acknowledge It?
Of course not, because it is not what we believe.
Why, then, did Arius allow himself to be vanquished at the Council of Nice by passages adduced from the Gospel of John?
Because the Gospel of John is quite sufficient to refute Arianism.
According to these, he was at liberty to repudiate them, as they had not previously been approved by any general council. They allege an old catalogue, which they call the Canon, and say that it originated in a decision of the Church. But I again ask, In what council was that Canon published?
The councils of Carthage in 393 and 397.
Here they must be dumb.
Besides, I wish to know what they believe that Canon to be.
The legitimate, genuine, inspired books of the Bible.
For I see that the ancients are little agreed with regard to it.
All the more reason for an authoritative Church to acknowledge what the canon is and to end the discussion. Bingo!
If effect is to be given to what Jerome says (Præf. in Lib. Solom.), the Maccabees, Tobit, Ecclesiasticus, and the like, must take their place in the Apocrypha: but this they will not tolerate on any account.
St. Jerome submitted his judgment to that of the Church: just as every good Catholic does. Catholicism is not a "magisterium of scholars and Bible commentators" but of priests, bishops, councils, and popes.