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KENTUCKY (12/19/13) – What happened today? Here's a list of a few notable events that occured on this day in history.
1732 – Benjamin Franklin under the name Richard Saunders begins publication of "Poor Richard's Almanack"
1848 – Emily Jane Bronte, English novelist, dies at 30
1918 – Robert Ripley began his "Believe It or Not" column (NY Globe)
1960 – Frank Sinatra's first session with Reprise Records (Ring-A-Ding-Ding)
1970 – Birthday – Tyson Beckford, American model
1972 – Birthday – Alyssa Milano, Brooklyn NY, actress (Samantha-Who's the Boss)
1972 – Birthday – Warren Sapp, NFL defensive tackle (Tampa Bay Bucs)
1980 – Birthday – Jake Gyllenhaal, Los Angeles, California, actor (Donnie Darko, Jarhead)
1984 – Wayne Gretzky, 23, is 18th and youngest NHL-player to score 1,000 points
1986 – Michael Sergio, who parachuted into Shea Stadium during game six of the World Series, sentenced to 100 hours of community service and fined $500
1988 – NASA unveils plans for lunar colony and manned missions to Mars
1989 – Larry Bird (Celtics) begins NBA free throw streak of 71 games
2007 – The Lakotah people, a Native American tribe, proclaim independence and withdraw all their treaties with the United States. They then proceed to establish the Republic of Lakotah, with an ongoing process of international recognition as a separate country.
2009 – Actor-singer Kevin Jonas (22) weds Danielle Deleasa (23) at Oheka Castle in Huntington, New York
SurfKY News
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So how come Jesse never thought of trying to apply an armbar? It was wide open the whole time through halfguard and even in the mount and pseudo-mount from which he was landing hammerfists.
Dolce was terribly unimpressive after claiming that he can beat every guy in the house. His takedown defense was non-existent after the first sprawl.

subset: commoncrawl


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John Cleese on Sarah Palin:
John Cleese on Sarah Palin:
Defining common cultural literacy for an increasingly diverse nation.
Is the culture war over?
That seems an absurd question. This is an age when Confederate monuments still stand; when white-privilege denialism is surging on social media; when legislators and educators in Arizona and Texas propose banning ethnic studies in public schools and assign textbooks euphemizing the slave trade; when fear of Hispanic and Asian immigrants remains strong enough to prevent immigration reform in Congress; when the simple assertion that #BlackLivesMatter cannot be accepted by all but is instead contested petulantly by many non-blacks as divisive, even discriminatory.
And that's looking only at race. Add gender, guns, gays, and God to the mix and the culture war seems to be raging along quite nicely.
The Islamic State is no mere collection of psychopaths. It is a religious group with carefully considered beliefs, among them that it is a key agent of the coming apocalypse. Here's what that means for its strategy—and for how to stop it.
What is the Islamic State?
Where did it come from, and what are its intentions? The simplicity of these questions can be deceiving, and few Western leaders seem to know the answers. In December, The New York Times published confidential comments by Major General Michael K. Nagata, the Special Operations commander for the United States in the Middle East, admitting that he had hardly begun figuring out the Islamic State's appeal. "We have not defeated the idea," he said. "We do not even understand the idea." In the past year, President Obama has referred to the Islamic State, variously, as "not Islamic" and as al-Qaeda's "jayvee team," statements that reflected confusion about the group, and may have contributed to significant strategic errors.
People labeled "smart" at a young age don't deal well with being wrong. Life grows stagnant.
At whatever age smart people develop the idea that they are smart, they also tend to develop vulnerability around relinquishing that label. So the difference between telling a kid "You did a great job" and "You are smart" isn't subtle. That is, at least, according to one growing movement in education and parenting that advocates for retirement of "the S word."
The idea is that when we praise kids for being smart, those kids think: Oh good, I'm smart. And then later, when those kids mess up, which they will, they think: Oh no, I'm not smart after all. People will think I'm not smart after all. And that's the worst. That's a risk to avoid, they learn."Smart" kids stand to become especially averse to making mistakes, which are critical to learning and succeeding.
How a re-creation of its most famous battle helped erase the meaning of the Civil War.
"No person should die without seeing this cyclorama," declared a Boston man in 1885. "It's a duty they owe to their country." Paul Philippoteaux's lifelike depiction of the Battle of Gettysburg was much more than a painting. It re-created the battlefield with such painstaking fidelity, and created an illusion so enveloping, that many visitors felt as if they were actually there.
For all its verisimilitude, though, the painting failed to capture the deeper truths of the Civil War. It showed the two armies in lavish detail, but not the clash of ideals that impelled them onto the battlefield. Its stunning rendition of a battle utterly divorced from context appealed to a nation as eager to remember the valor of those who fought as it was to forget the purpose of their fight. Its version of the conflict proved so alluring, in fact, that it changed the way America remembered the Civil War.
For centuries, experts have predicted that machines would make workers obsolete. That moment may finally be arriving. Could that be a good thing?
1. Youngstown, U.S.A.
The end of work is still just a futuristic concept for most of the United States, but it is something like a moment in history for Youngstown, Ohio, one its residents can cite with precision: September 19, 1977.
For much of the 20th century, Youngstown's steel mills delivered such great prosperity that the city was a model of the American dream, boasting a median income and a homeownership rate that were among the nation's highest. But as manufacturing shifted abroad after World War II, Youngstown steel suffered, and on that gray September afternoon in 1977, Youngstown Sheet and Tube announced the shuttering of its Campbell Works mill. Within five years, the city lost 50,000 jobs and $1.3 billion in manufacturing wages. The effect was so severe that a term was coined to describe the fallout: regional depression.
Why "Is the Islamic State Muslim?" is a trick question
Why "Is the Islamic State Muslim?" is a trick question
The retired general and former CIA director holds forth on the Middle East.
ASPEN, Colo.—Retired U.S. Army General David Petraeus pioneered America's approach to counterinsurgency, led the surge in Iraq, served as director of the CIA for a year, and was sentenced to two years probation for leaking classified information to his mistress. On Wednesday at the Aspen Ideas Festival, he was interviewed by my colleague, Jeffrey Goldberg, about subjects including efforts to stop Iran's nuclear program; the civil war in Syria; ISIS and the threat it poses to the United States; and the Iraq War.
Here are several noteworthy moments from their conversation, slightly condensed:
Jeffrey Goldberg: So you believe that, under certain circumstances, President Obama would still use military force against Iran?
David Petraeus: I think he would, actually. I know we've had red lines that didn't turn out to be red lines. ... I think this is a different issue, and I clearly recognize how the administration has sought to show that this is very, very different from other sort of off-the-cuff remarks.
Goldberg: How did the Obama administration stop Israel from attacking Iran? And do you think that if this deal does go south, that Israel would be back in the picture?
Petraeus: I don't, actually. I think Israel is very cognizant of its limitations. ... The Israelis do not have anything that can crack this deeply buried enrichment site ... and if you cannot do that, you're not going to set the program back very much. So is it truly worth it, then?
So that's a huge limitation. It's also publicly known that we have a 30,000-pound projectile that no one else has, that no one else can even carry. The Massive Ordinance Penetrator was under design for almost six years. ... If necessary, we can take out all these facilities and set them back a few years, depending on your assumptions.
But that's another roll of the iron dice, as Bismarck used to say, and you never know when those dice are rolled what the outcome is going to be. You don't know what risks could materialize for those who are in harm's way.
You don't know what the response could be by Iran.
There's always the chance that there will be salvos at Israel, but what if they decide to go at the Gulf states, where we have facilities in every single one.
This is not something to be taken lightly, clearly.
Former Senator Jim Webb is the fifth Democrat to enter the race—and by far the most conservative one.
In a different era's Democratic Party, Jim Webb might be a serious contender for the presidential nomination. He's a war hero and former Navy secretary, but he has been an outspoken opponent of recent military interventions. He's a former senator from Virginia, a purple state. He has a strong populist streak, could appeal to working-class white voters, and might even have crossover appeal from his days as a member of the Reagan administration.
In today's leftward drifting Democratic Party, however, it's hard to see Webb—who declared his candidacy Thursday—getting very far. As surprising as Bernie Sanders's rise in the polls has been, he looks more like the Democratic base than Webb does. The Virginian is progressive on a few major issues, including the military and campaign spending, but he's far to the center or even right on others: He's against affirmative action, supports gun rights, and is a defender of coal. During the George W. Bush administration, Democrats loved to have him as a foil to the White House. It's hard to imagine the national electorate will cotton to him in the same way. Webb's statement essentially saying he had no problem with the Confederate battle flag flying in places like the grounds of the South Carolina capitol may have been the final straw. (At 69, he's also older than Hillary Clinton, whose age has been a topic of debate, though still younger than Bernie Sanders or Joe Biden.)
Be kind, show understanding, do good—but, some scientists say, don't try to feel others' pain.
In 2006, then-senator Barack Obama gave a commencement speech offering what seemed like very sensible advice. "There's a lot of talk in this country about the federal deficit," he told Northwestern's graduating class. "But I think we should talk more about our empathy deficit—the ability to put ourselves in someone else's shoes; to see the world through those who are different from us—the child who's hungry, the laid-off steelworker, the immigrant woman cleaning your dorm room."
In the years since then, the country has followed Obama's counsel, at least when it comes to talking about empathy. It's become a buzzword, extolled by Arianna Huffington, taught to doctors and cops, and used as a test for politicians. "We are on the cusp of an epic shift," according to Jeremy Rifkin's 2010 book The Empathetic Civilization. "The Age of Reason is being eclipsed by the Age of Empathy."
A European heat wave, lightning over California, a building made of 8,500 beer bottles, shrimp fishing on horseback in Belgium, the first-ever White House Campout, mine detection rats in Cambodia, and much more.
A European heat wave, lightning over California, a building made of 8,500 beer bottles, cosplay in Paris, shrimp fishing on horseback in Belgium, the first-ever White House Campout, mine detection rats in Cambodia, a train wreck in Pakistan, an airshow over St. Petersburg, Russia, and much more.
Ryan Carson, the CEO of Treehouse, discusses the benefits of a four-day workweek and why more companies can, and should, do it.
A creative short film follows a befuddled traveler through China's most massive city.
It's quite possible to live and date in New York without a smartphone.


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A journey back from amnesia
Local chef forced to create new life and new memories
Kurt Metzger grew up near Pasadena. He has a twin brother. He's always wanted to be a chef. He likes to travel. He got married at a winery in Ramona.
That's what people tell him anyway.
Fourteen months ago, Metzger left work at Kitchen 4140, his Bay Ho restaurant, and headed home to Mission Hills in his red 1992 Corvette. It was about 5 p.m. on a Friday, and traffic backed up where Morena Boulevard meets Balboa Avenue. He slowed down. The car behind him didn't.
His head slammed into the steering wheel, breaking his jaw, knocking him unconscious, and leaving him in a fog of amnesia that still hasn't lifted.
At age 44, he had to learn how to walk and talk again, but that was the easy part. The hard part: "Not knowing who I am," he said.
He didn't recognize Syrisa, his wife, a woman he was certain he'd marry the first time he set eyes on her. They loved their life together: throwing dinner parties, going to church, vacationing in Bermuda, England, South Africa.
All those memories, gone now.
He went to his restaurant and had no idea where the knives were, let alone how to use one. He looked at the recipes on his menu. What does arugula taste like? When vendors came in and greeted him by name, he fled in confusion to the walk-in cooler.
At home, in his closet, he started pulling clothes off the hangers. "Whose are these?" he asked his wife. "I don't wear these."
He spoke on the phone with his mom, didn't recognize the voice, couldn't picture her face. He asked to speak with his father. His mom started crying. His father had been dead for years. Metzger started crying, too.
Live in the moment — that's what the self-help gurus say. But what if you're living in the moment because you have no past?
"My doctor said my brain is like a computer," Metzger said, "and the memory board has been wiped clean."
He would have to figure out how to reload it.
Food lover
According to family lore, Metzger surprised his mother one day by doing the prep work on a leg of lamb she'd bought for a dinner party. He was 12.
Food has always been his passion. When his parents, who ran an accounting firm together, took Kurt and his twin, Karl, out to restaurants, they let the boys order whatever they wanted. "No kids' menu grilled cheese sandwiches for us, no chicken fingers," Karl said. Kurt learned to order things by the right side of the menu — the price. The higher, the better.
At home, Kurt watched Julia Child and other cooking shows, pored over cookbooks and absorbed a lesson from his mom that he would later make his own: Don't over-season things. Let the natural flavors do the talking.
Their father had been an Army Ranger, a believer in discipline and sacrifice, the kind of guy who took his sons to golf lessons, and when the instructor said left-handers rarely won championships, made lefty Karl learn to swing right-handed.


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Vintage Locker End-of-Bed Cabinet
As sturdy as the all-American originals that inspired it, the Vintage Locker Collection has authentic details like vented drawer fronts and an antiqued finish for a timeworn feel. Designed for functionality, the cabinet can be used for both seating and storage.
- Constructed with a sturdy iron frame
- For use at the end of the bed or anywhere storage is needed
- Features 2 cubbies for plenty of storage with label holders in an old brass finish
- Heavily distressed dark steel finish designed to replicate the aged patina of the vintage original
- Nylon glides on feet
- Wipe with a soft, dry cloth
Vintage Locker End-of-Bed Cabinet
- Overall: 37"W x 18"D x 20"H
- Cubby Interiors: 16½"W x 17½"D x 14½"H
- Weight: 65 lbs.


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NASA has given a six-month grant to a company developing what could be the world's first 3-D food printer. And the project's developer, reports Quartz, an online digital news site, believes the invention could be used to end world hunger.
Quartz explains that the printer is the brainchild of mechanical engineer Anjan Contractor. Being developed by Contractor's company, Systems & Materials Research Corp., it will use proteins, carbohydrates and sugars to create edible food products.
Contractor says one of his primary motivations is a belief that food will become exponentially more expensive in the near future. The average consumer, he told Quartz, will need a more economically viable option.
Some alternative food source options that may be used with the printer include algae, duckweed, grass, lupine seeds, beet leaves and even insects, according to TNO Research, which is working with Contractor on the project.
"I think, and many economists think, that current food systems can't supply 12 billion people sufficiently," said Contractor. "So we eventually have to change our perception of what we see as food."
One of Contractor's first prototypes will be a 3-D pizza printer, and he hopes to begin building it over the next couple of weeks. Contractor, reports Quartz, explained that it will print "a layer of dough, which is baked at the same time it's printed, by a heated plate at the bottom of the printer. Then it lays down a tomato base, 'which is also stored in a powdered form, and then mixed with water and oil.'" Lastly comes the "protein layer."
Contractor also hopes that people will be able to share recipes via an open source coding system.
"One of the major advantages of a 3-D printer is that it provides personalized nutrition," Contractor told Quartz. "If you're male, female, someone is sick—they all have different dietary needs. If you can program your needs into a 3-D printer, it can print exactly the nutrients that person requires."


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Sold out.
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Osteoarthritis Center - Marietta, GA
Marietta Rheumatologist Doctors for Osteoarthritis
Type of Physician: Rheumatologist
What is a Rheumatologist?
A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine; practitioners treat diseases of the joints, muscles, bones, and tendons. The rheumatologist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries, etc. The rheumatologist may work closely with other specialists such as orthopaedic surgeons and physical therapists.
Specialty: Rheumatology
Common Name:
Rheumatologist Doctors in Marietta *
Marietta Rheumatology Assocs PC
Marietta Rheumatology Assocs PC
Marietta Rheumatology Assocs PC
Wellstar Marietta Primary Care
Wellstar Marietta Primary Care
Wellstar Rhuematology Asscts
Wellstar Medical Group
Arthritis Center At Windy Hill
Kaiser Permanente Cumberland
Kaiser Permanente Cumberland
Wellstar Rheumatology
Wellstar Rheumatology
Wellstar Rheumatology
Center For Pain Management
Arthirtis Rheumatology Georgia
Arthirtis Rheumatology Georgia
Arthirtis Rheumatology Georgia
Arthirtis Rheumatology Georgia
Piedmont Arthritis & Rheumatlgy
Sandy Springs Internal Medicine
Laureate Medical Group
John A Goldman MD
Piedmont Physicians Group
Rattandeep Singh MD
Piedmont Physicians Group
Rattandeep Singh MD
Piedmont Rheumatology Consltnts
Piedmont Rheumatology Consltnts
Piedmont Rheumatology Consltnts
Del Mazo Medical Services
Laureate Medical Group
Emory Clinic Rheumatology
Emory Clinic Rheumatology
Atlanta Arthritis Center
Northside Rheumatology
North Fulton Rheumatology PC
North Fulton Rheumatology PC
Emory University Rheumatology
Emory University Rheumatology
Emory University Schl Medcn
Rheumatology Assoc Of Atlanta M
Emory Clinic Rheumatology
Emory Clinic Rheumatology
Emory Clinic Rheumatology
Atlanta VA Medical Center
Atlanta VA Medical Center
Medical Associates Of North GA
Michael A Friedman MD
Gary R Botstein MD
Jefrey Lieberman MD
Sanford S Hartman MD
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Jefrey Lieberman MD
Kaiser Permanente Medical Ctr
Harbin Clinic Cartersville
North Georgia Rheumatology
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Parris & Associates
Parris & Associates
Eastside Rheumatology
Bhat & Bhat Mds
Nicholas A Tiliakos MD
Ramajane V Dronavalli MD
Arthritis Research & Trtmnt Ctr
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Bob G Lanier MD
Physicians Pointe
Harbin Clinic
Harbin Clinic
East Metro Rheumatology
Arthritis Center North Georgia
Northeast Georgia Diagnstc Clin
Arthritis Center North Georgia
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Cornerstone Medical Group
Indravadan K Shah MD
Athens Med Center Rhu
Bridget M Wright MD
Manmohan Gupta MD
Nannette R Crowley MD
Kathy C Lynn Md
Marietta, Georgia
Osteoarthritis facts
Other Related Osteoarthritis Articles
Emergency Contact for Marietta
Nearby Marietta Hospitals *
Wellstar Kennestone Reg Med Ctr
Devereux GA Treatment Network
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Emory Adventist Hospital
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Shepherd Center
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Atlanta Center Medical Research
Hillside Hospital
Kindred Hospital-Atlanta
Emory University Hosp Midtown
Select Specialty Hospital
Wesley Woods Geriatric Hospital
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Youth Villages Inner Harbour
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Northside Hospital Forsyth
Gwinnett Medical Center
Eastside Medical Center
Summit Ridge Hospital
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*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.
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SLU Initiates Tularemia Vaccine Research Study
ST.LOUIS -- Researchers at Saint Louis University's Center for Vaccine Development are studying whether an investigational vaccine can protect people from tularemia, commonly known as rabbit fever, which is an illness that strikes people and animals.
|Sharon Frey, M.D.
"There is currently no licensed vaccine to prevent infection and disease from tularemia in people," said Sharon Frey, M.D., professor of infectious diseases and clinical director of the Center for Vaccine Development at Saint Louis University. "A vaccine may protect people from the disease or may result in a milder disease and fewer complications."
Caused by a bacteria found in rodents, rabbits and hares, tularemia typically is spread after exposure to a sick animal through bites by infected ticks, deerflies or other insects; by drinking water or eating contaminated food; or by breathing dust from soil or animal pelts that are infected. It is not spread through person-to-person contact. Tularemia also is considered to be a biological weapon threat.
Study participants will receive one of two investigational vaccinations. One is currently used by the U.S. Army under an investigational clinical protocol administered by the Department of Defense. The other is made from the same seed lot as the one used by the Army.
Both investigational vaccines are given using a process called scarification, which involves a drop of the vaccine being put on the skin by a needle, then the skin being pricked a number of times so the vaccine can enter the body.
"Since the vaccine currently used by the Army is getting old, another vaccine is being developed as a replacement," said Frey, who is principal investigator of the trial at SLU.
Researchers are assessing the ability of the two tularemia vaccines to cause the body to develop an immune response. They also hope to learn more about potential side effects.
About 220 healthy adults are sought for the national study, which is being conducted at five sites. Saint Louis University, one of the Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) that is studying the investigational vaccines, is recruiting up to 50 volunteers for the research, which will take about six months.
Tularemia can cause fever, fatigue, headaches and joint and muscle pain. Other symptoms of the illness vary with the type of exposure to the bacteria. For instance, exposure through the skin can cause skin sores and swollen lymph nodes. Exposure through the eyes can cause redness, swelling and drainage from the eyes. Exposure by eating contaminated food can cause a sore throat. Exposure by breathing in the bacteria or to blood containing the bacteria can cause pneumonia. Most infections can be treated with antibiotics.
On the forefront of research in fighting and preventing infectious diseases, Saint Louis University has received federal funding as a Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit for two decades. The Saint Louis University VTEU evaluates investigational vaccines for diseases such as influenza and novel ways of delivering those vaccines.
Please visit the ClinicalTrials.gov website for more information on this study.
To learn more about the vaccine research being conducted at Saint Louis University, call (314) 977-6333 or email email@example.com.


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5 Pear Shape Diamond Engagement Rings
While we've rounded up some of our favorite pear shape diamonds, we also wanted to highlight the different styles. What style ring do you have, or do you dream of? Let us know what you think! > 7 Vintage-Inpsired Engagement Rings > 7 Emerald-Cut Engagement Rings That Will Make You Drool!... read more


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About FDA
Total number of OWH partner distributions in the quarter
Dictionary: A key focus of OWH outreach is being responsive to and anticipating the informational needs created by the diversity of women within the community we serve. Developing and disseminating health information related to FDA regulated products in English, Spanish and a number of other foreign languages provides equity of access. In addition, we actively cultivate organizations wishing to use our translations to reach their own non-English speaking audiences. Measuring the number of documents distributed through our various partnership and other mechanisms allows us to access minority and underserved populations, monitor output, and need/interest areas. In an effort to reach consumers in social media/online space, OWH utilizes online technologies such as Twitter (http://www.twitter.com/fdawomen), e-blasts, and multi-level media (videos, PSA's ,etc) to reach the public with real time, need-to-know women's health information, FDA approvals, recalls and alerts.
Fiscal Year - 2013
|Number of Distributions
|Oct-Dec 2012
|Jan–Mar 2013
|Apr–Jun 2013
|Jul-Sept 2013
FY 2013 Total: 2,534
Note: The data provided on this website is produced on an ongoing basis for performance management purposes and is subject to change due to updates of preliminary estimates, corrections, or other reasons. In addition, FDA may change the type or amount of data provided on this website at any time. Information marked as "Completed" may include measures and/or key projects for which activities are ongoing but no longer tracked as part of FDA-TRACK.


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The term "addiction" is used in many contexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or excessive physical dependence or psychological dependence, such as: drug addiction, alcoholism, compulsive overeating, problem gambling, computer addiction, etc.
In medical terminology, addiction is a state in which the body relies on a substance for normal functioning and develops physical dependence, as in drug addiction. When the drug or substance on which someone is dependent is suddenly removed, it will cause withdrawal, a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. Addiction is generally associated with increased drug tolerance. In physiological terms, addiction is not necessarily associated with substance abuse since this form of addiction can result from using medication as prescribed by a doctor.
However, common usage of the term addiction has spread to include psychological dependence. In this context, the term is used in drug addiction and substance abuse problems, but also refers to behaviours that are not generally recognised by the medical community as problems of addiction, such as compulsive overeating.
The term addiction is also sometimes applied to compulsions that are not substance-related, such as problem gambling and computer addiction. In these kinds of common usages, the term addiction is used to describe a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences to the individual's health, mental state or social life.
Prior to the latter half of the 20th Century, addiction was primarily a pharmacological term that referred to the process of developing drug tolerance so that more of a drug was required, more frequently, for the same effect to occur. However, with the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous in 1938, the allergy concept eventually morphed into the disease-model of addiction was proposed, based on the work of Dr. William Duncan Silkworth, and began to gather support in the professional community, amongst medical and social services workers, and amongst addicts themselves. The disease-model concept led to a definition of addiction based on the continued use of alcohol or drugs despite negative consequences for the user. This latter definition is now thought of as a disease state by the medical community. Morse and Flavin summarise the disease-model definition of addiction commonly utilized by treatment centers and substance abuse counselors:
Addiction is a primary, progressive, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over use of the substance, preoccupation with the substance, use of the substance despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking.
In the latter half of the 20th Century, the twelve-step program began to be applied to a wide range of problem behaviours, many never previously identified as addictions. For example, during this process the establishment of Overeaters Anonymous in 1960 led to the identification of an associated concept of food addiction and the establishment of Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous in 1977 led to the identification of the concept of sexual addiction. However, although these terms are widely used in the recovery movement, and by commentators on that movement, neither of them are widely accepted by members of the professional communities working in the fields of addiction.
In the 21st Century, attempts have been made to model addiction using the tools of Economics, for instance, by calculating the elasticity of addictive goods and determining to what extent present income and consumption has on future consumption. The model employed and the rationale for the model may be semantically driven. Its roots may lie in the language structure itself . While consulting for the US Information Agency, US Department of State, the American psychiatrist A. James Giannini,MD, reported semantic differences associated with different treatment approaches to addiction. Countries whose language-structure implied a passive state of addiction, e.g. "dependence", utilized an activist medical model. Countries whose language implied a less passive role for the state of addiction e.g. "tossicomania", ("toxic mania" in Italian) utilized a less interventionist treatment model.
In the United States, physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances is outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV TR). It doesn't use the word 'addiction' at all. It has instead a section about Substance dependence:
Terminology has become quite complicated in the field. Pharmacologists continue to speak of addiction from a physiologic standpoint (some call this a physical dependence); psychiatrists refer to the disease state as psychological dependence; most other physicians refer to the disease as addiction. The field of psychiatry is now considering, as they move from DSM-IV to DSM-V, transitioning from "substance dependence" to "addiction" as terminology for the disease state.
The medical community now makes a careful theoretical distinction between physical dependence (characterized by symptoms of withdrawal) and psychological dependence (or simply addiction). Addiction is now narrowly defined as "uncontrolled, compulsive use"; if there is no harm being suffered by, or damage done to, the patient or another party, then clinically it may be considered compulsive, but to the definition of some it is not categorized as 'addiction'. In practice, the two kinds of addiction are not always easy to distinguish. Addictions often have both physical and psychological components.
There is also a lesser known situation called pseudo-addiction. (Weissman and Haddox, 1989) A patient will exhibit drug-seeking behavior reminiscent of psychological addiction, but they tend to have genuine pain or other symptoms that have been undertreated. Unlike true psychological addiction, these behaviors tend to stop when the pain is adequately treated.
The obsolete term physical addiction is deprecated, because of its connotations. In modern pain management with opioids physical dependence is nearly universal. While opiates are essential in the treatment of acute pain, the benefit of this class of medication in chronic pain is not well proven. Clearly, there are those who would not function well without opiate treatment; on the other hand, many states are noting significant increases in non-intentional deaths related to opiate use. High-quality, long-term studies are needed to better delineate the risks and benefits of chronic opiate use.
Some substances induce physical dependence or physiological tolerance - but not addiction - for example many laxatives, which are not psychoactive; nasal decongestants, which can cause rebound congestion if used for more than a few days in a row; and some antidepressants, most notably venlafaxine, paroxetine and sertraline, as they have quite short half-lives, so stopping them abruptly causes a more rapid change in the neurotransmitter balance in the brain than many other antidepressants. Many non-addictive prescription drugs should not be suddenly stopped, so a doctor should be consulted before abruptly discontinuing them.
The speed with which a given individual becomes addicted to various substances varies with the substance, the frequency of use, the means of ingestion, the intensity of pleasure or euphoria, and the individual's genetic and psychological susceptibility. Some people may exhibit alcoholic tendencies from the moment of first intoxication, while most people can drink socially without ever becoming addicted. Opioid dependent individuals have different responses to even low doses of opioids than the majority of people, although this may be due to a variety of other factors, as opioid use heavily stimulates pleasure-inducing neurotransmitters in the brain. Nonetheless, because of these variations, in addition to the adoption and twin studies that have been well replicated, much of the medical community is satisfied that addiction is in part genetically moderated. That is, one's genetic makeup may regulate how susceptible one is to a substance and how easily one may become psychologically attached to a pleasurable routine.
Eating disorders are complicated pathological mental illnesses and thus are not the same as addictions described in this article. Eating disorders, which some argue are not addictions at all, are driven by a multitude of factors, most of which are highly different than the factors behind addictions described in this article. It has been reported, however, that patients with eating disorders can successfully be treated with the same nonpharmacological protocols used in patients with chemical addiction disorders.
It is considered possible to be both psychologically and physically dependent at the same time. Some doctors, and especially scientists in related fields, make little or no distinction between the two types of addiction, since the result, substance abuse, is the same, and in terms of scientific as opposed to magical thinking, the "psychological" dependence is entirely due to physical effects of the drug on the brain.
Psychological dependence does not have to be limited only to substances; even activities and behavioural patterns can be considered addictions, if they become uncontrollable, e.g. gambling, Internet addiction, computer addiction, sexual addiction / pornography addiction, reading, eating, self-harm, vandalism, drug addiction or work addiction.
Most countries have legislation which brings various drugs and drug-like substances under the control of licensing systems. Typically this legislation covers any or all of the opiates, amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, barbiturates, hallucinogens (tryptamines, LSD, phencyclidine(PCP), psilocybin) and a variety of more modern synthetic drugs, and unlicensed production, supply or possession may be a criminal offense.
Usually, however, drug classification under such legislation is not related simply to addictiveness. The substances covered often have very different addictive properties. Some are highly prone to cause physical dependency, whilst others rarely cause any form of compulsive need whatsoever. Typically nicotine (in the form of tobacco) is regulated extremely loosely, if at all, although it is well-known as one of the most addictive substances ever discovered.
Also, although the legislation may be justifiable on moral grounds to some, it can make addiction or dependency a much more serious issue for the individual. Reliable supplies of a drug become difficult to secure as illegally produced substances may have contaminants. Withdrawal from the substances or associated contaminants can cause additional health issues and the individual becomes vulnerable to both criminal abuse and legal punishment. Criminal elements that can be involved in the profitable trade of such substances can also cause physical harm to users.
Some medical systems, including those of at least 15 states of the United States, refer to an Addiction Severity Index to assess the severity of problems related to substance use. The index assesses problems in six areas: medical, employment/support, alcohol and other drug use, legal, family/social, and psychiatric.
While addiction or dependency is related to seemingly uncontrollable urges, and arguably could have roots in genetic predispositions, treatment of dependency is conducted by a wide range of medical and allied professionals, including Addiction Medicine specialists, psychiatrists, and appropriately trained nurses, social workers, and counselors. Early treatment of acute withdrawal often includes medical detoxification, which can include doses of anxiolytics or narcotics to reduce symptoms of withdrawal. An experimental drug, ibogaine, is also proposed to treat withdrawal and craving. Alternatives to medical detoxification include acupuncture detoxification. In chronic opiate addiction, a surrogate drug such as methadone is sometimes offered as a form of opiate replacement therapy. But treatment approaches universal focus on the individual's ultimate choice to pursue an alternate course of action.
Therapists often classify patients with chemical dependencies as either interested or not interested in changing. Treatments usually involve planning for specific ways to avoid the addictive stimulus, and therapeutic interventions intended to help a client learn healthier ways to find satisfaction. Clinical leaders in recent years have attempted to tailor intervention approaches to specific influences that affect addictive behavior, using therapeutic interviews in an effort to discover factors that led a person to embrace unhealthy, addictive sources of pleasure or relief from pain.
|Treatment Modality Matrix
|Behavioral Pattern
|Low self-esteem, anxiety, verbal hostility
|Relationship therapy, client centered approach
|Increase self esteem, reduce hostility and anxiety
|Defective personal constructs, ignorance of interpersonal means
|Cognitive restructuring including directive and group therapies
|Focal anxiety such as fear of crowds
|Change response to same cue
|Undesirable behaviors, lacking appropriate behaviors
|Aversive conditioning, operant conditioning, counter conditioning
|Eliminate or replace behavior
|Lack of information
|Provide information
|Have client act on information
|Difficult social circumstances
|Organizational intervention, environmental manipulation, family counseling
|Remove cause of social difficulty
|Poor social performance, rigid interpersonal behavior
|Sensitivity training, communication training, group therapy
|Increase interpersonal repertoire, desensitization to group functioning
|Grossly bizarre behavior
|Medical referral
|Protect from society, prepare for further treatment
|Adapted from: Essentials of Clinical Dependency Counseling, Aspen Publishers
From the applied behavior analysis literature and the behavioral psychology literature several evidenced based intervention programs have emerged (1) behavioral maritial therapy (2) community reinforcement approach (3) cue exposure therapy and (4) contingency management strategies. In addition, the same author suggest that Social skills training adjunctive to inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence is probably efficacious.
The development of addiction is thought to involve a simultaneous process of 1) increased focus on and engagement in a particular behavior and 2) the attenuation or "shutting down" of other behaviors. For example, under certain experimental circumstances such as social deprivation and boredom, animals allowed the unlimited ability to self-administer certain psychoactive drugs will show such a strong preference that they will forgo food, sleep, and sex for continued access. The neuro-anatomical correlate of this is that the brain regions involved in driving goal-directed behavior grow increasingly selective for particular motivating stimuli and rewards, to the point that the brain regions involved in the inhibition of behavior can no longer effectively send "stop" signals. A good analogy is to imagine flooring the gas pedal in a car with very bad brakes. In this case, the limbic system is thought to be the major "driving force" and the orbitofrontal cortex is the substrate of the top-down inhibition.
A specific portion of the limbic circuit known as the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is hypothesized to play an important role in translation of motivation to motor behavior- and reward-related learning in particular. It is typically defined as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the nucleus accumbens, and the bundle of dopamine-containing fibers that are connecting them. This system is commonly implicated in the seeking out and consumption of rewarding stimuli or events, such as sweet-tasting foods or sexual interaction. However, its importance to addiction research goes beyond its role in "natural" motivation: while the specific site or mechanism of action may differ, all known drugs of abuse have the common effect in that they elevate the level of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. This may happen directly, such as through blockade of the dopamine re-uptake mechanism (see cocaine). It may also happen indirectly, such as through stimulation of the dopamine-containing neurons of the VTA that synapse onto neurons in the accumbens (see opiates). The euphoric effects of drugs of abuse are thought to be a direct result of the acute increase in accumbal dopamine.
The human body has a natural tendency to maintain homeostasis, and the central nervous system is no exception. Chronic elevation of dopamine will result in a decrease in the number of dopamine receptors available in a process known as downregulation. The decreased number of receptors changes the permeability of the cell membrane located post-synaptically, such that the post-synaptic neuron is less excitable- i.e.: less able to respond to chemical signaling with an electrical impulse, or action potential. It is hypothesized that this dulling of the responsiveness of the brain's reward pathways contributes to the inability to feel pleasure, known as anhedonia, often observed in addicts. The increased requirement for dopamine to maintain the same electrical activity is the basis of both physiological tolerance and withdrawal associated with addiction.
Downregulation can be classically conditioned. If a behavior consistently occurs in the same environment or contingently with a particular cue, the brain will adjust to the presence of the conditioned cues by decreasing the number of available receptors in the absence of the behavior. It is thought that many drug overdoses are not the result of a user taking a higher dose than is typical, but rather that the user is administering the same dose in a new environment.
In cases of physical dependency on depressants of the central nervous system such as opioids, barbiturates, or alcohol, the absence of the substance can lead to symptoms of severe physical discomfort. Withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines (valium-family) can result in seizures and even death. By contrast, withdrawal from opioids, which can be extremely uncomfortable, is rarely if ever life-threatening. In cases of dependence and withdrawal, the body has become so dependent on high concentrations of the particular chemical that it has stopped producing its own natural versions (endogenous ligands) and instead produces opposing chemicals. When the addictive substance is withdrawn, the effects of the opposing chemicals can become overwhelming. For example, chronic use of sedatives (alcohol, barbiturates, or benzodiazepines) results in higher chronic levels of stimulating neurotransmitters such as glutamate. Very high levels of glutamate kill nerve cells, a phenomenon called excitatory neurotoxicity.
Szasz is not alone in questioning the standard view of addiction. Professor John Booth Davies at the University of Strathclyde has argued in his book The Myth of Addiction that 'people take drugs because they want to and because it makes sense for them to do so given the choices available' as opposed to the view that 'they are compelled to by the pharmacology of the drugs they take'. He uses an adaptation of attribution theory (what he calls the theory of functional attributions) to argue that the statement 'I am addicted to drugs' is functional, rather than veridical. Stanton Peele has put forward similar views.
Experimentally, Bruce K. Alexander used the classic experiment of Rat Park to show that 'addicted' behaviour in rats only occurred when the rats had no other options. When other options and behavioural opportunities were put in place, the rats soon showed far more complex behaviours.


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Ricardo Dos Santos Wins The Teahupo'o Trials
Dos Santos and Heiarii Williams to battle World Tour surfers in Billabong Pro Tahiti; Bruce Irons rides his brother's winning board from the 2010 event.
(Sunday, August 14th, 2011): The final two wildcard positions in event #5 on the Association of Surfing Professionals Men's World Tour, the Billabong Pro, have been decided today with Brazilian Ricardo Dos Santos (Guarda Do Embau, BRA) and local Heiarri Williams (PYF) finishing first and second respectively in the Air Tahiti Nui VonZipper Trials at Teahupo'o.
Santos and Williams went wave for wave in the 25-minute decider to finish ahead of 30 other international invitees to claim the coveted wildcard spots in the event that is considered the most prestigious of its kind on the annual pro surfing calendar.
Just the winner and highest placed local are given a shot of taking on the likes of Kelly Slater (USA), current world number 1 Joel Parkinson (AUS) and recent ASP Tour winner, Jordy Smith (ZAF) in the Billabong Pro main event which starts next week (Aug 20th – 31st).
Santos amassed plenty of time inside Teahupoo's tubes en route to his trials victory, the 21-year old finishing on 14.33 points out of a possible 20 to Williams' 11.33 total. When the goofy foot pulls on the colored jersey again in a week's time, it will be his second shot at glory this year, having already received a main event wildcard into the Rio Pro in homewaters back in May.
"I feel amazing, it's been a long day of getting barreled and having fun in front of friends. To qualify for the main event is the best thing that could have happened today, so for that I am so stoked. I've been here the last four years and training I don't know what the conditions will be like next week, but I don't care. I'm ready," said Santos.
Williams is a two-time former Air Tahiti Nui VonZipper Trials winner, having claimed the event in spectacular fashion in awesome conditions in 2006 and then again in 2009. With an armada full of local family and fans cheering him on from the channel, Williams was spurred to his third trials final appearance, taking down former Billabong Pro Tahiti champion, Bruno Santos (BRA) in the quarter-finals.
Finishing equal third today and missing out on main event wildcard qualification were Australian Anthony Walsh (NSW, AUS) and Tereva David (PYF). Walsh looked on track for a finals berth after the Teahupo'o specialist pulled off a Houdini act in his opening heat. Penalized with a paddling interference in the first few minutes, Walsh rallied to register the highest individual wave score of the day – a near perfect 9.8 out of a possible 10 and advance in second on a two-wave combined heat total 13.42 points total behind Santos.
Walsh's momentum ran out when it counted most however, going down against Santos in their semi's re-match.
Hawaiian Bruce Irons (Kauai, HAW) made a rare competitive appearance at the venue where his late brother, three-times ASP Men's World Champion, Andy Irons, remains defending champion having won here in 2010. Bruce rode one of Andy's boards and logged up some tube-time in his opening heat, before being eliminated in a lully Round 2 affair against Walsh, local Taumata Puhetini (PYF) and Tikanui Smith (PYF).
"I haven't been to Tahiti for a few years, you know it's just nice to be out here. It's the first surf I've had in a while, it feels nice. I've been coming here to Tahiti since I was like 15, it's a good spot, it has a special place in my heart," said Irons. "I came here to surf this contest, cause my brother would want me to do that, so…competing for me is all about having fun these days. Whether I win or lose is another thing, it's no longer the end of the world. I just try to have fun, that's what it's all about," he added.
TAGS: ASP World Tour, Bruce Irons, Heiarii Williams, Ricardo Dos Santos, Tahiti, teahupoo


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Even though the Nova sported some of the same high-output powerplants as its close sibling, the Camaro, the X-body never had a true handling package option like the Z28. In its prime, the classic Nova muscle car was always a go-straight, go-fast, quarter-mile sprinter. Fast forward to the 21st century, and with the help of Speed Tech, an econobox Nova can easily become all the corner-carving terror its brother ever was.
This black beast originally started out as Super Chevy's aborted "No Bull Nova" project. Speed Tech adopted the car, stripped it back down to bare steel, and rebuilt the X-body into a deft handling street machine, in a matter of just three months. Because of the car's history, the crew at Speed Tech rechristened it "ResurreXion" in homage to its X-body designation. In 2009, Speedtech brought out its cone-destroying Fathom Green big-block '69 Camaro, and the Nova was definitely a worthy standard bearer for the company at the 2010 challenge.
Up front, the Nova has Speed Tech's own front subframe with its high-clearance upper and lower control arms, rack-and-pinion steering, American Touring Specialty (ATS) forged spindles with C6 Corvette hubs, and massive Baer 14-inch brakes. Out back, the car has Speed Tech's torque arm system with Articulink trailing arms in place of the factory leaf springs, adjustable coilover shocks, and a Bear's Performance fabricated 9-inch housing stuffed with a Strange aluminum center section, axles, and tracloc system.
Driver's Impression - On the Autocross Course
The Speed Tech Nova started out wonderful and didn't vary a whit throughout all five autocross runs. Filled with LS power and spinnng 3.89 gears through a T56 box, the drivetrain combo was absolutely perfect for this course. Especially fun was how I took to this car immediately, with each lap feeling better and better. Settling back in the seat looking down the course, the start was quick, and the slalom was dealt with smoothly and accurately. Talk about throwing darts! This car went where pointed, courtesy of the perfect and precise steering.
Flying through the first crossover and sliding the Nova through the second had me flirting with Superman status, as I could do no wrong. With awesome feel and high traction threshold, the car offered great feedback and super grip, with absolutely no push. Did I say this car is all-out fun with a capital "F?" The fun stopped, however, when I hit the binders. I had to apply massive pedal pressure to get this beast slowed down. Once I realized their inherent nature, I really got to trust those manual brakes, and let them complement the already excellent handling this car showed.
Solidly headed into the end turn and downshifting under hard braking, the Speed Tech Nova ratcheted back, settled down nicely, and smoothly turned in. Looking ahead while trail braking into the corner, I felt the car willingly stay connected underneath me, and then the rear came around slowly. I lightly counter-steered and applied a hint of throttle, and merrily worked it quickly around, through, and powered back out onto the short straight. I mean ... wow! Such execution and predictability; each run was a carbon copy of the one before. Amazing feel and feedback-you don't often get to enjoy spirited driving with a car this fun.
Coming back through the offsets found the Nova remaining compliant and well balanced, and if I remembered to stand on that brake pedal when necessary, I was fine. If I was late, so was the Nova, and that's all on me, as cars don't brake themselves. This X-body makes it so easy to drive well, and what I liked best was the efficiency in a corner. By this, I mean the car rotates nimbly, turning around its middle rather than leaning and straining, shakily grabbing for elusive bits of traction and balance. This wastes time and in autocrossing, time is everything.


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The White House Historical Association and the Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project present this collaboration in an effort to open a window into the Roosevelt White House. From 1936 to 1962, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a syndicated column entitled "My Day." This project selects representative samples of those columns, focused on the White House years, to display Mrs. Roosevelt's thoughts on a number of events, issues, and challenges from the Great Depression and World War II eras.
Allida Black is Director and Editor of The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers and Research Professor of History & International Affairs at The George Washington University.


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Staring into the Void of Mitt Romney
One of the things we'll learn this presidential election is whether the Republican Party can survive itself. As we've seen in the ten days since Governor Mitt Romney picked Congressman Paul Ryan as his running mate, and most acutely in the last 72 hours since the fiasco involving Missouri Republican Senate candidate Todd Akin broke, the party is reaching what may be the most critical moment of its quarter-century-long identity crisis. In the way that Franklin Roosevelt did for Democrats during the 1930s, by sheer force of personality and eloquence Ronald Reagan in the 1980s resolved tensions that had riven the party for years. He could incarnate the party so fully as to invite and absolve fellow travelers who might be suspiciously less than true believers. After Reagan, no one else could do this; even as what now constitutes the conservative wing of the party invokes Reagan's name with a sobriety that borders on the biblical, that wing has moved considerably to the right of him.
Now the party hastens to control the damage from the Akin episode. This is complicated because, as the record of the last decade makes clear, particularly among Republicans in the House of Representatives, this past weekend Akin expressed, as accurately as he did unartfully, the party's grim view of women, with its overt implication that rape is the result of women making cavalier and surely sordid choices about their sexuality and its consequences, the conclusion being that a woman who gets pregnant by definition hasn't been raped. Notwithstanding protests that Akin is an "aberration," anyone who pays even the most distracted attention knows that what he said reflects not only legislation co-sponsored by Congressman Ryan, not only evangelicals who are closing ranks behind Akin, not only "personhood" amendments on state ballots across the country declaring an embryo a human being with full civil rights, but also the platform that the Republican Party will present to its national convention in five days, with language that replicates language from the platform four years ago and the platform four years before that. Akin is despised by the Republican establishment because his numbskullery has to do not with his convictions, which are entirely in line with the party's, but with the guileless whim that gave them voice, rather than leaving them shrewdly relegated to less boisterous fine print in a platform that the establishment hopes will appease the party's base while no one else notices. Whether that comes to pass next week, when the position for which Akin is being chastised this week is codified on the convention floor in Tampa, remains to be seen.
Even as the Akin position on abortion and rape has become more ruthless since the Republican convention that first nominated Reagan more than 30 years ago, the party has gotten away with it because it's always been able to nullify the position politically. Abortion wasn't demonstrably a factor in President George W. Bush's narrow 2004 re-election, and it wasn't a factor in Senator John McCain's seven-point loss in 2008. Subterfuge will be more difficult this year. In part this is because of the Akin furor, of course; in part it's because the furor exists in a context dramatically more difficult to disguise, following similar positions on abortion stated by other candidates who ran for the Republican nomination and the aspersions cast on a female law student by radio goon Rush Limbaugh some months back. In part it's because the Akin position is held by the party's prospective nominee for the second highest office in the land. Mostly, however, it's because the party's prospective nominee for the first highest office in the land is so spectacularly a political and ethical fraud that no one bothers arguing about it anymore. The base distrusted the party's nominee four years ago not because it didn't know what Senator McCain believed but because it did. It knew what he believed about torture as an American policy of war. It knew what he believed about immigration reform. It knew what he believed about campaign-finance reform.
Actually, by now the base knows what Governor Romney believes, too. By now we all know what Governor Romney believes; by now his beliefs are more manifest and less mysterious than that of any candidate who's ever run. Governor Romney believes nothing. Politically speaking, Governor Romney is nothing. Mustering up outrage over this nothingness makes as much sense as mustering up outrage over a galactic black hole. What's happening in and to the Republican Party this past week isn't an aberration; it's happening because of what the party has become and whom it's nominating, which is someone caught between the base that he so rapaciously rushed to appease with the Ryan nomination and the other 65 percent of the country that looks at a Rorschach inkblot without seeing a splattered fetus. One of the great modern political organizations of the last century and a half, the party of not only Reagan but Dwight Eisenhower and Theodore Roosevelt and the greatest president the country ever had, is in the grip of a collective psychosis. Like its nominee, the party itself is caught between two political irreconcilables: its own super-conscience, with its barbaric view of human nature that calls itself moral and its hostile regard of empirical fact that calls itself spiritual; and the 2012 model of its embodiment, the nominee who has no view—of fact or humanity or anything else—that doesn't serve the ends of his own success. When a party is as deeply stricken as the Republicans in terms of who they are, such a nominee can only be the void that stares back.
Wed, 2012-08-22 20:51
Republicans believe in "property rights". Including the right to view women as "property" which is really a lot about what the anti-abortion people happen to view women as... In Republican eyes you "own" your woman, and the "fruit of her womb" is also yours too. Then of course Republicans want to cut taxes to the point that the "defense budget" (sacred to Republicans like nothing else is) will be the only portion of government revenue that will be "affordable". Then of course Republican multimillionaires like Mitt Romney won't be paying taxes at all except for the property tax on their estates. No capital gains tax means the rich will no longer pay federal income tax because their income is all "capital gains" or "carried interest". Neither will the millions they leave behind at their deaths be "taxable" any more. Instead there will be an economic aristocracy that will rule the country forever. At least until the rest of the American people exercise their Second Amendment rights and rid themselves of these economic parasites who only produce "jobs" in countries most people will need Google Earth to find.
Thu, 2012-08-23 12:52
You forgot about war although you mentioned the defense budget. They will be sending the poor to fight their wars to prove America is strong. Young men and women will have to join up because the rich won't create any other jobs for them but they will soon stop when another fiasco like Iraq comes up. I haven't heard much about the current war from the GOP standpoint but I'm going to bet they will stay in and maybe even enter Iran from there. Could be they will want to fight with unfriendly Pakistan. They are the party of war. G.W. claimed to be an isolationist but the Secretary of the Treasury, Paul O'Neill and Richard Clarke both said he had plans for war in Iraq before 9/11. Maybe South America for Romney. Maybe he will want to depose Chavez through some coup or something like Nixon and Kissinger did to Salvatore Allende.
Sun, 2012-08-26 22:04
Fri, 2012-08-24 01:29
Steve, this is the best critique of Mitt and the Republican Party I have read this year. Congrats! I am so afraid Mitt will win, and after less then a year, seeing the Republicans scrambling to save the nation as it slides into the abyss of depression if not worst. You can expect who they will blame. But that will not stop their all out attack on minorities, women, seniors, young and weak as if that has nothing to do with governing. Think voting rules, rigged elections, supreme court nominees like Scalia and Thomas( not sure who's worst), judges who's loyalty to the party is forst above the rules of law. Start thinking the Ukraine....
Fri, 2012-08-24 01:51
You loons need to get out more often. The only War on Women is coming from the abortion factories on the left, the misogynist White House and lesbian-run Homeland Security. These are not American family values that the majority of women support.
Akin did not speak for Romney but OweBlameA did spend 20 years worshiping with Rev. Wright, hobnobbing with the Pentagon-bombing Bill Ayers and doing drugs enthusiastically. Those are not American family values the majority of Americans support.
The little messiah is a loser, an empty suit, an imposter and a danger. The gig is up. No one is buying your trash.
Fri, 2012-08-24 07:04
Fri, 2012-08-24 09:37
Are men allowed by the government to die?
Well if the republicans get their way, pregnant women will be.
There will be no exemptions for rape, incest or to spare the life of the mother.
That, my friend, is a war on women.
The government does not have the right to tell women what they can or cannot do with their own bodies.
I'm sure you can't understand this because there is NOT one instance where the government tells men what to do with their bodies.
How is allowing a mother to die a family value? How is allowing a rapist full rights to a child(31 states allow this) born of rape?
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:17
Dr. Ray Bombay
Fri, 2012-08-24 05:05
Mitt Romney doesn't believe in "nothing". He believes and worships money as a deserved merit system sign of anointment by god. He truly believes that the rich are superior beings and the poor are an albatross around the neck of the successful. The new testament; an inconvenient truth. "Whatsoever you do unto the least of my people, that you do unto me". That's the truth. Deny it at your peril.
Fri, 2012-08-24 06:38
Mittster the Flipster used to be pro choice or was it pro life? Clearly his strategy is to be on both sides of every issue sometime or the other and when challenged to wave off the questioner.
It is unfortunate the Democratic Party has chosen to become so aligned with with the Abortion Industry as to make it supporting it a litmus test for the Party.
Fri, 2012-08-24 09:26
Let's talk american "values" since Obama is so "unamerican" in one commenter's mind based on no facts to back up other than the usual right wing conspiracy theories. It isn't demonstrating "american" values to make your money dishonorably as Romney has and then hide it foreign countries-bolstering the economies of THOSE countries and not the US. It's isn't american to run for President and not be an open book, not show us who your "associates" are, what you support with your money, and to not articulate any plan for the country lest we find out what you really have planned. I won't go into Romney's father being born outside the US just like Obama's and wonder why it is HIS birth certificate isn't demanded in long form, over and over and over. Or why his secretive church career in a church that oppresses women and minorities isn't an issue unlike Obama's old (years ago now) occasional attendance at a church he's denounced. Obama has more "american values" than Romney could ever hope to have.
Fri, 2012-08-24 10:08
More nonsense from a liberal fool.
Obama has no record to run on in 2012, so once again he relies on racism, polarizing tactics and lies to keep the focus off of his record. Smart voters will not fall for his lies.
Dear Mr President. Please run on all the wonderful things you have done for our economy. Run on Obamacare. Run on the fact you are taking 700 billion dollars from medicare to fund Obamacare, Run on 15% unemployment.
Run on the failed 800 billion dollar stimulus, Run on 47 million people on food stamps, Run on bankrupt government funded green companies, Run on a 5 trillion dollar debt. Run on the failure to close the borders. Run on llegals released by thefeds that committed 19 murders, 142 sex crimes. Run on Fast and Furious, Run on the National Security leaks coming from your administration, Run on $4.00 a gallon gas.
Obamas new campaign slogan. Forget that hopey changie crap its now " Gloom and Doom"
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:14
That's right Mr. President. What you did by having the top leaders of al Qaeda killed, even going so far as crossing international borders without permission from the host country indicates your weakness. Why should you care about the people who cannot get insurance because of preconditions? Why should you care that insurance companies estabish ceilings, and when met drop the insured. Why do you care that the Repubicans lied about the $700 billion, which was due to increased efficiences and does not affect the people on Medicare? What kind of man are you that wants to help seniors? Mr. President, do you care that there are so many idiots like egent47 posting.
Sun, 2012-08-26 22:00
for the millionth time....the $700 billion came out of the PROVIDERS (ex. hospitals, etc) not the beneficiaries (ex. YOU AND ME)...the EXACT same amount in RYan's budget DOES come out of you and me....
The truth is that the stimulus increased employment by between 1.4 million and 3.3 million people, compared with what employment would have been otherwise. That's according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.
Obama increased our national debt by 13.8% in 2010
Bush's increased the national debt 18.8% in 2009 and he increased the debt 11.2% in 2008.
The national debt at the end of 2000 before Bush's first budget was submitted was $5.6 Trillion, for the last Bush budget in 2009 the debt had increased to $11.9 Trillion, a 110% increase.
Right-wing sheeple who have no idea now things work in our government think Obama wrote the fiscal year 2009 budget instead of Bush.
and lastly, gas prices are controlled by the GLOBAL ECONOMY....we actually export a WHOLE lot because ..guess what..the oil companies make more money that way
so why don't you listen to someone other than FOX and read something other than the Tea Party News...or better yet, just go away
Fri, 2012-08-24 10:43
The claim that Mitt Romney is a mysterious unknown is something that should be discussed by the author and his therapist. The Democrats will soon place their values, agenda, priorities, etc. before the American people at their convention. Whether that will resonate will the voting public is another question. Look at it this way both sides will then know the future of governance and can make their plans accordingly.
Phil Horton
Fri, 2012-08-24 10:45
I appeal to readers to consider the tone of writers. Why the attitude? When you compare Obama with anybody, which liberal writers refuse to do, Obama appears more extreme to me. On abortion, energy, taxes, negative campaigning. he was the one unable to compromise, on the ACA and budgetary matters.
We have to elect someone that has some common sense. The liberal policies are taking us over the cliff on more ways than one.
Romney is a good man, and he is really the only chance we have.
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:05
No negativing campaigning on the part of Republics? I am afraid I can't agree with you on that one. Across-the-board tax cut of 20% at a time of $1 trillion deficits? Sorry, can't see that this will actually help the problem. Ending Obamacare and taking away health insurance from 30 million (or more) people and gutting Medicaid? Sorry, I don't see how that will improve matters. I think I will stick with the president in 2012.
Sun, 2012-08-26 22:03
Biden says that during the transition, he was warned not to expect any cooperation on many votes. "I spoke to seven different Republican Senators, who said, `Joe, I'm not going to be able to help you on anything,' he recalls. His informants said McConnell had demanded unified resistance. "The way it was characterized to me was: `For the next two years, we can't let you succeed in anything. That's our ticket to coming back,'" Biden says.
The vice president says he hasn't even told Obama who his sources were, but Bob Bennett of Utah and Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania both confirmed they had conversations with Biden along these lines.
Maybe that's why the President couldn't get a lot done. The Republicans have stated in the press and on video (LOOK IT UP)that their sole goal is to make him a one term president..and guess what? that means the hell with what's good for the American people.
Fri, 2012-08-24 12:02
Saying all Republicans are against abortion in any case is like saying all Democrats are vegans. Romney is trying to appeal to every element in his base in order to drive voter turnout. Obama should be doing the same instead of promoting class warfare. While that may play well the ditto heads and Obamaniacs he invites to his low turnout campaign stops...er, smaller crowds, I think independents are starting to see past that and recognize the lack of substance below.
As far as what Romney's intentions are for his time as president, he has spelled them out clearly. Repealing ACA, lowering taxes, and easing federal regulations. A lot of people are hopping on board with that.
I'm still a little confused as to what Obama plans to do if elected for another term other than play golf and take vacations.
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:11
Fri, 2012-08-24 13:20
Fri, 2012-08-24 14:41
I created an account here today hoping to find some non-partisan independent thinking on the issues and this election. I thought this article was pithy and well-written though I disagree with some of the ideas. I am sorely disappointed though by the commenters. I came here looking for Independents and so far all I have found is more of the partisan vitriol you can find on any party-affiliated blog. Just Google "are Independent voters really independent" and you'll see what the media thinks of us. Come on guys, put on your thinking chapeaus and prove them wrong. Where is the critical thinking? You erode our credibility when you use words like "O-blame-A" and "Mittster the Flipster." If you really think like that and can't see the nuggets of value to be found in both positions, go drink the Coulter Kool-Aid or cozy up to the Huffington Post. You are not Independents.
Fri, 2012-08-24 15:37
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:31
Why don't you let us know from your knowledge of Mittens's detailed economic plan what government programs he plans to end to balance the budget. Also what tax expenditures he plans to do away with so that his tax reform plan will be revenue neutral. I have looked and looked but I have not been able to find out any details. Maybe you can supply them. I am afraid, though, that abolishing the NEH and NEA will not be enough.
Fri, 2012-08-24 21:50
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:01
The issue goes beyond abortion -- the GOP stand reveals a total lack of compassion. Do they honestly think a girl of 12 or 13 who is raped and becomes pregnant should bear the child of the rapist? What about the health of the mother emotiionally? She would be a child having a child. Who is going to support this girl who would be destroying her future and would probably need psychiatric care for years? Certainly not welfare -- a program anathema to the GOP. Would these men feel the same way if it were one of the daughers or granddaughters or even their wife? F. No. They are hypocrites to the inth degree. Disgusting.
Fri, 2012-08-24 16:44
First, in reply to the Obama haters here: If you vote for Mitt Romney, you are several things but, smart isn't among them. The anti-Obama comments reflect a mind that will spend hours watching an NFL game or the latest singing contest on television, but scans the newspaper in 10 minutes. More likely; they'll sacrifice what small amount of gray matter they have remaining to FOX/Limbaugh and crew to avoid the work of discernment. Mitt Romney along with the overwhelming majority of "today's" GOP, is intellectually vacuous. They've morphed into a sick, twisted, sadistic cult built from big billionaires that are laughing uncontrollably at the simple minded drones eager to vote for a ticket even WORSE, than Bush/Cheney. You Obama haters remember those years right? The two exhalted businessmen who did everything conceivable to screw us over: Yaaaaay! for EXPERIENCED businessmen to bring us into prosperity and return us to the red side of the ledger! After all, as Cheney bravely exclaimed : "Deficits DON'T MATTER". Apparently jobs don't either, as refected in the job figures during the criminal Bush years : worst EVER. President Obama, hasn't been perfect; that's just the reality of politics. But his record is absolutely remarkable in light of the fact the Republican Party has obstructed him every millimeter of the way, when they should have gotten behind him in joint 'patriotic' effort, to get the economy on track. From day one, their objective was to disrupt government in order to get back into power to finish the mission of destroying our representative government and creating plutocracy. Go ahead you idiots, vote for R.R. Inc. That's when the black helicopters will start flying in a neighborhood near you.
Fri, 2012-08-24 17:16
Interesting to refer to Romney as a "black hole" (obviously the reference is astronomical, not racial), but then to say it can be ignored. A black hole in astronomy can be ignored, at least for a few billion years, if it is far enough away, but when it is close, it CANNOT be ignored (or defeated or escaped). A black hole is not "nothing", it is a great deal of "something" with an immense gravitational pull, but we can no longer tell what that "something" is.
The GOP agenda is "black" or secret only if we do not look behind the campaign speeches. Romney may not have deep policy convictions (or he may have recently acquired them), but he DOES have deep convictions to do what those who put him in power want, and anyone who looks beyond the Limberger talking points can see what that is. As Grover Norquist told us during the primary, the Tea Party radicals (more properly the Koch party) do not want a leader with convictions, only a warm hand capable of using a pen to sign what they ask him to sign.
The only thing religious about his agenda is to create a Biblical economy: he and his buddies will be Herod, Caiaphas and Pilate in their palaces, and the rest of us will be begging on their doorsteps for scraps of bread, and trying to help our 12 year old daughters raise the children given them by rapists. But not voting (there were no elections in Jesus' day), because only white men with property will eventually be allowed to vote; and until that goal is reached, most of us will have the legal right to vote but no practical way to do so, when we realize too late that we have been bamboozled.
Fri, 2012-08-24 19:33
Who said, "I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different political stripes project their own views."
Who used the mendacious and utterly empty promises of "Hope" and "Change" to fuel his vacuous, rockstar-like campaign?
Who continues to have no plan to present to the country for ecnomic recovery and deficit-spending control, except for budgets that have not garnered a single vote in either the House or Senate?
Who continues to make references to tax returns and dog-on-roof stories in public speeches, instead of focusing on serious issues like our national debt and the 8%+ unemployment rate the country has enjoyed for 3 1/2 years?
And then the American Prospect has the audacity to call Mitt Romney a void, or a nothingness, when his opponent and accompanying campaign is the epitome of vacuity, inanity, and intellectual exhaustion.
Sun, 2012-08-26 22:10
who recently became a birther and is now hiding behind his religion in refusing to release any more tax returns? 1) the only candidate to ever refuse to do so and 2) his own father (who also Mormon!) released 12 years in his attempt and must be rolling in his grave...
Fri, 2012-08-24 19:48
Sat, 2012-08-25 12:39
Sat, 2012-08-25 12:39
One item that has been overlooked is that the Republicants want to expunge the 14th Amendment from the constitution! This was something that my congressman (whom I wish not to name) spoke of when he was on "tour" of his district recently.
Why not expunge the 1st, 4th, 5th,13th, 15th, and 20th while you're at it ... of course, this would make the 2nd Amendment 1st ... which is the one that is dearest to the cavity in their breasts.
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Like it or not, cylinder head design is a subject that's very complex, and it's impossible to make it simple. Considering that no single component on an engine affects power output more than the cylinder heads, it pays to get educated. As a testament to the blistering pace of cylinder head development, the typical street/strip heads of today can oftentimes blow race heads of just 15 years past into the weeds. While the average hot rodder has benefitted greatly from the extremely competitive nature of the cylinder head business, the problem is that the people in the know aren't always willing to talk. After all, if you know something that gives you a leg up on the competition, why share your trade secrets for free? That's the question our sources asked us over and over again as we harangued them for info in order to compile this story. Fortunately, we somehow got them to divulge their secrets on topics ranging from port location to valve angles, and combustion chamber design, port shape, air speed, short-turn radius shape, to the importance of peak cfm.
Our daring cast of experts includes Tony Mamo of Air Flow Research; Kevin Feeney of Racing Head Service (RHS); Al Noe of Trick Flow; Tony McAfee of Dart Machinery; and Darin Morgan of Pro-Filer Performance, who's the former head R&D man of Reher-Morrison's Pro Stock engine program. As you gawk over that impressive list of all-stars, we'll take a moment to introduce you to CHP's newest department. The goal of our "How it Works" section is simple: tackle the intricacies of complex technical topics in a scope never before seen in a magazine article. Our two-pronged approach for accomplishing this is dedicating lots of space to accommodate meaty tech info and letting the real experts of our industry explain things in their own words. CHP is merely acting as the vehicle through which this otherwise-elusive information is gathered and disseminated. We're going so in-depth, that we only got to address a couple of the cylinder head topics we set out to answer before running out of space. Stay tuned for next month's issue, when we put the wraps on our cylinder head exposé. In the meantime, feel free to send in your suggestions on what tech subjects you'd like to see covered in "How it Works" in greater detail.
CFM and Velocity
Darin Morgan: "Make no mistake, velocity is the primary variable in the design of the entire induction system. I often say that my job title should be Velocity Manager instead of Cylinder Head Designer. Air speed is 10 times more important than raw flow numbers. If you kill the velocity by 10 percent, you will kill almost 40 percent of the wave and ram energy that dynamically fills the cylinder! Raw airflow cfm is an important variable as well; it's just not as important. If you buy a cylinder head that is properly sized for a flow of 400 cfm and your engine is only asking for 350 cfm, you will not only fail to achieve the power potential that the 400 cfm would have given you, you will also fail to reach the power that the 350 cfm would have given you. That's because you killed all the air speed in the induction system. If your engine is asking for 350 cfm and you give it a properly sized cylinder head flowing 350 cfm, your airflow demand is matched and your air speed is matched. You then have a chance of achieving the power potential that 350 cfm can give you.


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Photo by Stephen Sullivan
YIELD: Makes 8 servings
Brine turkey:
Rinse turkey parts and place in doubled 2 1/2-gallon resealable plastic bags (or large stockpot). Add salt, honey, garlic, bay leaves, thyme, sage, peppercorns, allspice, and celery leaves. Add enough cold water to cover turkey about 3 quarts. Press out air, close bags, and place in large bowl or other container to protect against leaks. Refrigerate at least 6 hours or overnight.
Roast turkey:
Preheat oven to 425°F. Arrange racks in upper and lower thirds of oven.
Remove turkey parts from brine, pat dry with paper towels, and place, skin side up, on racks set in 2 medium roasting pans (be sure to leave space between parts for air circulation). Pour 1 cup water into each pan. Drizzle turkey parts with melted butter and scatter with sage leaves. Place 1 pan on each oven rack and roast until beginning to brown, about 30 minutes.
Lower heat to 400°F, switch positions of pans, and rotate each pan 180°. Continue roasting until instant-read thermometer inserted into thickest part of breast, avoiding bone, registers 165°, about 1 to 1 1/4 hours. Transfer turkey parts to platter and tent with foil.
Make gravy:
Pour pan juices into 4-cup glass measuring cup, let stand until fat rises to top, 2 to 3 minutes, then skim off and reserve fat.
Set 1 roasting pan across 2 burners, add 2 cups chicken broth, and bring to simmer over moderately high heat, scraping up any browned bits. Add simmering broth to pan juices in measuring cup, then add additional chicken broth, if needed, to equal 4 cups liquid.
In medium saucepan over moderately low heat, melt butter, then whisk in flour and cook, whisking constantly, until smooth, approximately 2 minutes. Gradually whisk in broth mixture and any collected juices from platter holding turkey, then raise heat to moderately high and boil mixture, uncovered, until thickened, about 8 minutes.
Season gravy with salt and pepper to taste. Carve turkey pieces and garnish with sage; serve with gravy.


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School of Humanities
Faculty Bio
Mary Helen Specht
Assistant Professor of Writing and Rhetoric, Creative Writing
Phone: 512-637-1960
- MFA in Fiction at Emerson College, Boston, Massachusetts, 2006
- BA in English Literature at Rice University, Houston, Texas, 2001
Why I Teach
To be human is to be a storyteller. I teach in the hopes of giving students the tools to find and explore their own stories.
I strive to provide students opportunities to analyze, practice and revise elements of craft in an environment where they are free to take risks. I challenge them to read and write outside their comfort zones so that they might grow as writers and as human beings. I invite students to practice empathy through imagining the lives of others and, by doing so, to also develop their own point-of-view, which is to say their voice.


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At IQ Business, we believe we are redefining management consulting to be more responsive to the challenges our clients face. Whether these challenges can be tackled by leveraging research from IQ Business and our partners, assigning IQ teams to design and implement solutions, or deploying point expertise to fill a skills gap, we will ensure our clients overcome their business challenges.
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Research Report - Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Learning and Development Report - 2014
The Business Process Outsourcing Sector (BPO) is a thriving sector in the South African economy. It has grown from a base of 46 000 domestic seats and 1 000 international seats in 2002, to in excess of 97 000 domestic seats and 37 000 international seats in 2014, with operations spread across provinces, in rural and metropolitan areas.
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Academic Regulations & Procedures
Special Students
A person enrolled in a course or courses but not admitted by the admissions office and not following a degree program is designated a "special student."
Special students (senior Northfield High School Honors Program students, faculty spouses, staff members and spouses) must secure permission of the Registrar and register with the Office of the Registrar after fully matriculated students have registered, usually during the first two weeks of the term. The signature and permission of the instructor should be obtained after the registrar has checked the class list for available spaces in the course.
Most special students pay the same tuition as all undergraduates ($879 per credit, or $5,274 for one six-credit course in 2014-15), unless they are granted partial or full tuition remission through the College's fringe benefit program. All special students must pay for any special course fees. Carleton graduates of the Class of 2009 or earlier may enroll for credit in one course per term at the alumni rate of one-sixth course tuition (i.e., $879 per six-credit course in 2014-15). Special students are not eligible for financial aid or for independent study.


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An American city awakens to the surreal sight of foreign paratroopers dropping from the sky -- shockingly, the U.S. has been invaded and their hometown is the initial target. Quickly and without warning, the citizens find themselves prisoners and their town under enemy occupation. Determined to fight back, a group of young patriots seek refuge in the surrounding woods, training and reorganizing themselves into a guerilla group of fighters. Taking inspiration from their high school mascot, they call themselves the Wolverines, banding together to protect one another, liberate their town from its captors, and take back their freedom.
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Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.