text:
The expression inertial frame of reference (Inertialsystem) was coined by Ludwig Lange in 1885, to replace Newton's definitions of "absolute space and time" by a more operational definition. As referenced by Iro, Lange proposed: A discussion of Lange's proposal can be found in Mach.
The inadequacy of the notion of "absolute space" in Newtonian mechanics is spelled out by Blagojević: The utility of operational definitions was carried much further in the special theory of relativity. Some historical background including Lange's definition is provided by DiSalle, who says in summary:
Newton viewed the first law as valid in any reference frame moving with uniform velocity relative to the fixed stars; that is, neither rotating nor accelerating relative to the stars. Today the notion of "absolute space" is abandoned, and an inertial frame in the field of classical mechanics is defined as: Hence, with respect to an inertial frame, an object or body accelerates only when a physical force is applied, and (following Newton's first law of motion), in the absence of a net force, a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue to move uniformly—that is, in a straight line and at constant speed. Newtonian inertial frames transform among each other according to the Galilean group of symmetries.
If this rule is interpreted as saying that straight-line motion is an indication of zero net force, the rule does not identify inertial reference frames, because straight-line motion can be observed in a variety of frames. If the rule is interpreted as defining an inertial frame, then we have to be able to determine when zero net force is applied. The problem was summarized by Einstein:
There are several approaches to this issue. One approach is to argue that all real forces drop off with distance from their sources in a known manner, so we have only to be sure that we are far enough away from all sources to insure that no force is present. A possible issue with this approach is the historically long-lived view that the distant universe might affect matters (Mach's principle). Another approach is to identify all real sources for real forces and account for them. A possible issue with this approach is that we might miss something, or account inappropriately for their influence (Mach's principle again?). A third approach is to look at the way the forces transform when we shift reference frames. Fictitious forces, those that arise due to the acceleration of a frame, disappear in inertial frames, and have complicated rules of transformation in general cases. On the basis of universality of physical law and the request for frames where the laws are most simply expressed, inertial frames are distinguished by the absence of such fictitious forces.
Newton enunciated a principle of relativity himself in one of his corollaries to the laws of motion:
This principle differs from the special principle in two ways: first, it is restricted to mechanics, and second, it makes no mention of simplicity. It shares with the special principle the invariance of the form of the description among mutually translating reference frames. The role of fictitious forces in classifying reference frames is pursued further below.
Inertial and non-inertial reference frames can be distinguished by the absence or presence of fictitious forces, as explained shortly. The presence of fictitious forces indicates the physical laws are not the simplest laws available so, in terms of the special principle of relativity, a frame where fictitious forces are present is not an inertial frame: Bodies in non-inertial reference frames are subject to so-called fictitious forces (pseudo-forces); that is, forces that result from the acceleration of the reference frame itself and not from any physical force acting on the body. Examples of fictitious forces are the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force in rotating reference frames.
How then, are "fictitious' forces to be separated from "real" forces? It is hard to apply the Newtonian definition of an inertial frame without this separation. For example, consider a stationary object in an inertial frame. Being at rest, no net force is applied. But in a frame rotating about a fixed axis, the object appears to move in a circle, and is subject to centripetal force (which is made up of the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force). How can we decide that the rotating frame is a non-inertial frame? There are two approaches to this resolution: one approach is to look for the origin of the fictitious forces (the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force). We will find there are no sources for these forces, no originating bodies. A second approach is to look at a variety of frames of reference. For any inertial frame, the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force disappear, so application of the principle of special relativity would identify these frames where the forces disappear as sharing the same and the simplest physical laws, and hence rule that the rotating frame is not an inertial frame.
Newton examined this problem himself using rotating spheres, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. He pointed out that if the spheres are not rotating, the tension in the tying string is measured as zero in every frame of reference. If the spheres only appear to rotate (that is, we are watching stationary spheres from a rotating frame), the zero tension in the string is accounted for by observing that the centripetal force is supplied by the centrifugal and Coriolis forces in combination, so no tension is needed. If the spheres really are rotating, the tension observed is exactly the centripetal force required by the circular motion. Thus, measurement of the tension in the string identifies the inertial frame: it is the one where the tension in the string provides exactly the centripetal force demanded by the motion as it is observed in that frame, and not a different value. That is, the inertial frame is the one where the fictitious forces vanish. (See rotating bucket argument for original text. See rotating spheres for mathematical formulation.)
So much for fictitious forces due to rotation. However, for linear acceleration, Newton expressed the idea of undetectability of straight-line accelerations held in common:
This principle generalizes the notion of an inertial frame. For example, an observer confined in a free-falling lift will assert that he himself is a valid inertial frame, even if he is accelerating under gravity, so long as he has no knowledge about anything outside the lift. So, strictly speaking, inertial frame is a relative concept. With this in mind, we can define inertial frames collectively as a set of frames which are stationary or moving at constant velocity with respect to each other, so that a single inertial frame is defined as an element of this set.
For these ideas to apply, everything observed in the frame has to be subject to a base-line, common acceleration shared by the frame itself. That situation would apply, for example, to the elevator example, where all objects are subject to the same gravitational acceleration, and the elevator itself accelerates at the same rate.
where and represent shifts in the origin of space and time, and is the relative velocity of the two inertial reference frames. Under Galilean transformations, the time between two events () is the same for all inertial reference frames and the distance between two simultaneous events (or, equivalently, the length of any object, ) is also the same.
Einstein's theory of special relativity, like Newtonian mechanics, assumes the equivalence of all inertial reference frames, but makes an additional assumption, foreign to Newtonian mechanics, namely, that in free space light always is propagated with the speed of light c0, a defined value independent of its direction of propagation and its frequency, and also independent of the state of motion of the emitting body. This second assumption has been verified experimentally and leads to counter-intuitive deductions including:
These deductions are logical consequences of the stated assumptions, and are general properties of space-time, not properties pertaining to the structure of individual objects like atoms or stars, nor to the mechanisms of clocks.
These effects are expressed mathematically by the Lorentz transformation
where shifts in origin have been ignored, the relative velocity is assumed to be in the -direction and the Lorentz factor γ is defined by:
The Lorentz transformation is equivalent to the Galilean transformation in the limit c0 → ∞ (a hypothetical case) or v → 0 (low speeds).
Under Lorentz transformations, the time and distance between events may differ among inertial reference frames; however, the Lorentz scalar distance s2 between two events is the same in all inertial reference frames
From this perspective, the speed of light is only accidentally a property of light, and is rather a property of spacetime, a conversion factor between conventional time units (such as seconds) and length units (such as meters).
Incidentally, because of the limitations on speeds faster than the speed of light, notice that a rotating frame of reference (which is a non-inertial frame, of course) cannot be used out to arbitrary distances because at large radius its components would move faster than the speed of light. See Landau and Lifshitz.
Einstein's general theory modifies the distinction between nominally "inertial" and "noninertial" effects by replacing special relativity's "flat" Euclidean geometry with a curved non-Euclidean metric. In general relativity, the principle of inertia is replaced with the principle of geodesic motion, whereby objects move in a way dictated by the curvature of spacetime. As a consequence of this curvature, it is not a given in general relativity that inertial objects moving at a particular rate with respect to each other will continue to do so. This phenomenon of geodesic deviation means that inertial frames of reference do not exist globally as they do in Newtonian mechanics and special relativity.
However, the general theory reduces to the special theory over sufficiently small regions of spacetime, where curvature effects become less important and the earlier inertial frame arguments can come back into play. Consequently, modern special relativity is now sometimes described as only a "local theory". (However, this refers to the theory's application rather than to its derivation.)


text:
Not long after I upgraded to an actual road bike, I decided to take another shot at riding with the Cool Kids, my serious road-riding friends. I'd never been able to keep up with them during a number of outings earlier in the year. But I had a new Felt Z5, and they lured me in by saying they were only going a flat 15 miles, a laughably low number. When I arrived at Chris the Nurse's house, she told me, "We're going up Talcott Notch and then over to Heublein Tower."
I live in Connecticut, not Colorado, but even by our relatively modest standards that's an entirely unflat route. I gamely pedaled along for a while, trailing farther and farther behind with each punishing ascent. Mark, the fearless leader of the Cool Kids, kept circling back to describe a land of milk and honey waiting over yonder hill, if I could just haul myself over it. Of course, waiting over yonder hill was…another hill.
Finally I turned back, legs burning. I rode home feeling soiled and compromised. I was sitting on a real road bike, but I still had a department-store-bike body.
So I found a different group ride. The shop where I bought my Felt runs a regular Tuesday-night ride, and people selfsort into A, B, and C groups. The ride is about 23 miles, and there's a charming no-cyclist-left-behind rule. Even if you are, like me, more appropriately enrolled in the C-minus group, the leader will dart back like a sheepdog and round you up. The faster Cs wait at preordained points.
On my first C ride, I settled in at the back with a young woman who, it turned out, really didn't understand how her gears worked. The leader, named Mark, just like the other one, drifted back and coached her until she started to get it, which was a wonderful moment of triumph for her but a little dispiriting for me because I was then in graver danger of finishing a distant last.
As we came down the last mile that night, I struggled, philosophically, with the question of whether to put on a burst of speed and pass a few people, just so I wouldn't stand out. I decided that seemed like the act of a psychologically needy man. Instead, I managed to slide in with the last clump of riders in a manner that looked more relaxed than I felt.
Afterward, as people hung around on the sidewalk, a few of us chatted about a ride being planned for a couple of nights hence. "I'm not sure I'm ready for that," I said. "Oh, no. You're totally capable of doing this," one guy said.
"Oh, no. You're totally capable of doing this," one guy said.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Get the Best Priced Back Up Light Parts
- Fast Shipping
- 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee
- Lowest Prices
Replacement Back Up Light Information
Choose from top brands including: Action Crash, ULO, Genuine, TYC and Replacement.
As drivers, we rely on a variety of visual cues to anticipate the movement of cars and trucks around us. Turn signals, brake lights and headlights are all important safety features that warn other drivers of our movements and allow us to avoid accidents. Another such visual cue is the back up light. Located on the rear of the vehicle, this auto part typically comes in a pair of lights that is situated below or near the rear taillights. They are usually white in color, as opposed to red taillights. The sole purpose of this component is to inform other drivers that you are driving in reverse. Unlike turn signals and headlights, the back up light cannot be manually turned on. The lights come on automatically when the vehicle is placed in the reverse gear. Obviously, this vehicle feature can be highly beneficial, especially in parking lots. Understanding a driver's intentions prior to the action being taken has helped save countless drivers from an unwanted fender bender. From electrical components to engine parts and accessories, PartsGeek.com is your source for affordable auto parts.
Your vehicle's AC Delco Back Up Light is most commonly designed with clear plastic lenses to maximize visibility with easily seen white light.
Whenever a vehicle reverses the safety of you and your family is dependent on having a properly functioning TYC Back Up Light.
Your car's ULO Back Up Light is most commonly made with clear plastic lenses to maximize visibility with easily seen white light.
Written By: Edson Farnell | Email |
I bought a tail light from these guys bc it was the cheapest. Got the light n the mail and it was thrown in a box and shipped w no paper, bubble wrap or anything to protect it, not to mention no invoice! I would just think such a big company could at least try to protect there products when shipping across country... But I will say for the distance it traveled it was delivered quickly... Just in a tattered cardboard box, but its all good.
good deal and good price. I should have ordered more. thanks
It turns out that this product is the light BULB, not the Back Up Light assembly. There is no picture, so it was somewhat confusing because the description says "Back Up Light" not "Light Bulb".
Backup light was the wrong part. first two parts came in same box, but I was charged for separate shipping. my order was 15dollars and shipping was 18. Not a good deal. although first 2 parts were and exact fit.
This is a great product. Matches the piece that I replaced perfectly. It was easy to install
Both back up lenses were broken on my old 95 Volvo 940 wagon. I was pleasantly surprised that the replacement lenses from Parts Geek were identical to the originals; they even had the Volvo logo. They would have fit perfectly except that I got lazy and failed to remove the rock-hard old adhesive. Instead of following the instructions, I simply cleaned the area, ran a bead of silicone over the old adhesive, pushed the new lenses into place, and waited 24 hours before driving. Success! They look great, and only I will notice that they protrude slightly from the other lenses. This company has great products and service; I am ordering another lens today.


text:
Recently added item(s)
You have no items in your shopping cart.
SKU:398.266 | Burgundy LEATHER
23 Review(s)
Write a Review
Our Deluxe Folio makes it easy for the busy professional or college student to stay organized during even the busiest of days. Whether it's for taking notes in class or sketching out long-term plans in the boardroom, this accessory is sure to become one of your daily staples.Made with all genuine leather, this Deluxe Folio has a non-zippered universal design, so it can be used by left-handed and right-handed people. Inside are 3 card slots for business or credit cards and an ID window with thumb slide. We also include 2 small pockets for things like index cards or your phone and a large gusseted pocket for storing documents or a tablet. Simple, efficient, and organized - that's what our Deluxe Folio is all about!
Casual yet distinctive, our Timeless collection is one of our favorites. This leather boasts a polished finish and a soft hand feel, making it a great choice for any leather connoisseur. And with the variety of colors it comes in, it's easy to find a shade that appeals to you or matches with your other accessories. As the name implies, our Timeless collection will hold up through years of use while aging gracefully every step of the way.
Please note: textures in this collection range from light grain to a lightly pebbled grain depending on which part of the hide it's from.
Beautiful, soft leather! Pockets allow for plenty of file and paper storage.
I bought this for a family relative that just received her real estates license. I wanted something that was feminine and professional. I had her initials monogrammed on it in Silver. It is beautiful. It arrived earlier than stated online, which was a great plus!
Very satisfied with ordering, timeliness of delivery and quite happy with product. Hope our granddaughter, whose graduation gift it is, will be as happy.
Good quality folio. Would like more choice in size and location of monogram.
I have ordered several products from Leatherology. The quality is consistently superior to other higher priced products. The packaging is an added bonus, which only enhances the experience when received as a gift.
Very nicely packaged. Well made. Arrived sooner than expected. Will make a lovely graduation gift.
This was purchased as a gift. and was it ever a hit! Will probably buy one for myself!
It's beautiful!
This leather folio is absolutely beautiful. It's soft and supple, the color is excellent, and the monogram looks fantastic.
Beautiful, soft leather folio with embossed initials made for a perfect Christmas gift for my college-age business student son. Will be the perfect accessory for his upcoming interviews and summer internship. He was very pleased.
I love this Deluxe Folio. I purchased it for my husband for our third wedding anniversary (leather!). It is a great gift and practical especially with upcoming job interviews. Also, the professionalism and attention to detail by leatherology is wonderful. From start to finish including the packaging. Thank you!
Great Leather. Great craftsmanship. Very Very Impressed.
After reading other raving reviews about this product I was anticipating being disappointed since it seemed impossible to live up to the hype. I was not! Good design, lovely soft leather. Definitely worth the price.
Beautiful, quality product. Softest leather I've ever felt. Elegant and timeless design. Shipped quickly and without any hassle. I knew from the moment I first laid eyes upon the packaging that I was in for a treat. I honestly don't think that I could be any more pleased with my purchase, and I will likely purchase from leatherology in the future. A word to potential buyers: get it monogrammed! It just elevates the folio to a whole new level of class. And as the title suggests, words can hardly describe just how blown away I am by this folio and by leatherology's dedication to quality and craftsmanship.
Beautiful and well made folio.
In reading the reviews, I expected the deluxe padfolio to have quality craftsmanship and leather, but I didn't expect the same from the packaging. I was definitely wow'd by the box and lining of the box that housed my padfolio. It was wrapped like it was a gift and I just bought it for myself. Great product and packaging. Thanks!
I am very pleased with the quality of the folio. I bought this as a graduation gift for my daughter upon her college graduation. The leather is rich in color and soft.
My only suggestion would be to offer a true monogram where the center initial is that of a person's last name and larger in size. The monogram style that is used has all the initials the same size, therefore the personalization is displayed in order by first, middle, and last name initials.
I've ordered from Leatherology twice now and was very happy with both orders. The products are high quality and the packaging is so nice. Thank you!
I am very happy with this product. High quality. Very well made. Professional appearance.
Beautiful. The leather is soft. The monogram in gold is a lovely touch.
I purchased this folio as a last minute gift for my husband. The leather is beautiful and quality far exceeded my expectations. When it arrived on Christmas eve, the packaging was so nice, I did not need to wrap it! Also, an excellent value. I was looking at vinyl folios that were $79.99. I will definitely return to leatherology for future leather purchases! Thank you for such prompt service and a gift I was proud and excited to give.
I had this item monogrammed and it was a beautiful. The portfolio is very sturdy and looks as though it will last a long time. I have had many of these kinds of cheaper portfolios that do not hold items well and fall apart quickly. This item accommodates a large pen and many other papers without being bulky. I love it!
Very nice. Packaged beautifully. Exactly what we wanted.
Whether you are treating yourself or giving a gift to someone else, we want you to have an amazing and memorable experience. All items will be shipped using our signature gift packaging. Depending on the type and size, your item(s) will come wrapped in our signature microsuede sleeve, drawstring bag or soft velour bag (each with black tie accents), and be packaged inside a high-density bronze gift box. You will also have the opportunity to add a personalized gift note when you place your order.
All of this extra attention to detail is complimentary.


text:
Using an alternate drive
Picasa offers several ways for you to back up your photos, edits, and album organizations. You can back up photos to CD/DVD, to a different drive (see steps below), or upload photos at full resolution to Picasa Web Albums where you have one GB of free storage.
For larger collections, an alternate drive may be the most convenient option. Using an alternate drive with Picasa's backup feature is also a great way to migrate your photos to a new computer. Please follow these steps to back up your photos to an alternate drive
- Connect the alternative drive to your computer.
- In Picasa, click Tools > Backup Pictures.
- Create a new backup set or use one you've already created. A backup set records the type of backup (CD/DVD vs. alternative drive) and also keeps a record of which files have been backed up.
- New Set: Click the New Set button to create a new backup set of your folders and albums. If this is your first time backing up through Picasa, choose this option. Make sure to specify the following details:
- Enter a name for your backup set.
- In the 'Backup Type' section, select 'Disk-to-disk backup.' Click the Choose button, locate your drive, and click OK.
- Specify the types of files to include in the backup.
- Click the Create button.
- Existing Set: Select your previously made backup set from the 'Backup Set' drop-down box. This allow you to update those sets with any changes that you've made since the last backup. Click the Edit Set button to change the set name or the types of files to back up.
- New Set: Click the New Set button to create a new backup set of your folders and albums. If this is your first time backing up through Picasa, choose this option. Make sure to specify the following details:
- Select the checkboxes in the Folder List next to the folders and albums you'd like to back up. Only selected folders and albums will be included in the backup. To select all folders and albums, click the Select All button.
- Click the Backup button to initiate the process.
To add backup photos to a new computer, simply connect the alternate drive and run the restore function which is saved on the drive along with your photos. You can choose to have the photos copied back to their original locations or you can select a new location. After running the restoration process, download Picasa and reinstall the program.


text:
The Blonds Blond Diamond™ Barbie® Doll
Phillipe and David Blond believe that every woman should be glamorous every day. The platinum designers create scintillating styles for starlets: gem-encrusted bodysuits; crystal corsets; mini-dresses lavishly embellished with stars, chains, spikes, and sequins. Fun fashion and rock & roll glam are the only rules for these gorgeous garments. Our favorite blonde celebrates The Blonds, dressed for an amazing adventure. Barbie wears a stunning silvery mini corset dress—designed by The Blonds themselves—featuring countless sculpted faux gems and a full length faux fox fur. Of course, luscious blonde curls frame her beautiful face. Accessories include silvery jewelry suite and glitter pumps. Pretty, provocative, and magical, The Blonds Blond Diamond Barbie brings the most sparkly splendor of fashion.
Doll Details
|Body Type:
|Model Muse
|Skin Tone:
|Facial Sculpt:
|Fashion Sewn On?:
Included with doll:
Stand and nude fingernail paint (Excludes toenail paint). The corset is non-removable.
© 2012 The Blonds LLC. All Rights Reserved.
For the adult collector.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.


text:
Bone Densitometry
- What is a Bone Density Scan (DXA)?
- What are some common uses of the procedure?
- How should I prepare?
- What does the equipment look like?
- How does the procedure work?
- How is the procedure performed?
- What will I experience during and after the procedure?
- Who interprets the results and how do I get them?
- What are the benefits vs. risks?
- What are the limitations of DXA Bone Densitometry?
What is a Bone Density Scan (DXA)?
Bone density scanning, also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bone densitometry, is an enhanced form of x-ray technology that is used to measure bone loss. DXA is today's established standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD).
An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging.
DXA is most often performed on the lower spine and hips. In children and some adults, the whole body is sometimes scanned. Peripheral devices that use x-ray or ultrasound are sometimes used to screen for low bone mass. In some communities, a CT scan with special software can also be used to diagnose or monitor low bone mass (QCT). This is accurate but less commonly used than DXA scanning.
What are some common uses of the procedure?
DXA is most often used to diagnose osteoporosis (www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=osteoporosis), a condition that often affects women after menopause but may also be found in men and rarely in children. Osteoporosis involves a gradual loss of calcium, as well as structural changes, causing the bones to become thinner, more fragile and more likely to break.
DXA is also effective in tracking the effects of treatment for osteoporosis and other conditions that cause bone loss.
The DXA test can also assess an individual's risk for developing fractures. The risk of fracture is affected by age, body weight, history of prior fracture, family history of osteoporotic fractures and life style issues such as cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. These factors are taken into consideration when deciding if a patient needs therapy.
Bone density testing is strongly recommended if you:
- are a post-menopausal woman and not taking estrogen.
- have a personal or maternal history of hip fracture or smoking.
- are a post-menopausal woman who is tall (over 5 feet 7 inches) or thin (less than 125 pounds).
- are a man with clinical conditions associated with bone loss.
- use medications that are known to cause bone loss, including corticosteroids such as Prednisone, various anti-seizure medications such as Dilantin and certain barbiturates, or high-dose thyroid replacement drugs.
- have type 1 (formerly called juvenile or insulin-dependent) diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease or a family history of osteoporosis.
- have high bone turnover, which shows up in the form of excessive collagen in urine samples.
- have a thyroid condition, such as hyperthyroidism.
- have a parathyroid condition, such as hyperparathyroidism.
- have experienced a fracture after only mild trauma.
- have had x-ray evidence of vertebral fracture or other signs of osteoporosis.
The Lateral Vertebral Assessment (LVA), a low-dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures that is performed on the DXA machine, may be recommended for older patients, especially if:
- they have lost more than an inch of height.
- have unexplained back pain.
- if a DXA scan gives borderline readings.
How should I prepare?
On the day of the exam you may eat normally. You should not take calcium supplements for at least 24 hours before your exam.
You should wear loose, comfortable clothing, avoiding garments that have zippers, belts or buttons made of metal. Objects such as keys or wallets that would be in the area being scanned should be removed.
You may be asked to remove some or all of your clothes and to wear a gown during the exam. You may also be asked to remove jewelry, removable dental appliances, eye glasses and any metal objects or clothing that might interfere with the x-ray images.
Inform your physician if you recently had a barium examination or have been injected with a contrast material for a computed tomography (CT) scan or radioisotope scan. You may have to wait 10 to 14 days before undergoing a DXA test.
Women should always inform their physician and x-ray technologist if there is any possibility that they are pregnant. Many imaging tests are not performed during pregnancy so as not to expose the fetus to radiation. If an x-ray is necessary, precautions will be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the baby. See the Safety page (www.RadiologyInfo.org/en/safety/) for more information about pregnancy and x-rays.
What does the equipment look like?
There are two types of DXA equipment: a central device and a peripheral device.
Central DXA devices measure bone density in the hip and spine and are usually located in hospitals and medical offices. Central devices have a large, flat table and an "arm" suspended overhead.
Peripheral devices measure bone density in the wrist, heel or finger and are often available in drugstores and on mobile health vans in the community. The pDXA device is much smaller than the Central DXA device, weighing only about 60 pounds. It is a portable box-like structure with a space for the foot or forearm to be placed for imaging. Other portable technologies such as specially designed ultrasound machines, are also sometimes used for screening.
How does the procedure work?
The DXA machine sends a thin, invisible beam of low-dose x-rays with two distinct energy peaks through the bones being examined. One peak is absorbed mainly by soft tissue and the other by bone. The soft tissue amount can be subtracted from the total and what remains is a patient's bone mineral density.
DXA machines feature special software that compute and display the bone density measurements on a computer monitor.
How is the procedure performed?
This examination is usually done on an outpatient basis.
In the Central DXA examination, which measures bone density in the hip and spine, the patient lies on a padded table. An x-ray generator is located below the patient and an imaging device, or detector, is positioned above.
To assess the spine, the patient's legs are supported on a padded box to flatten the pelvis and lower (lumbar) spine. To assess the hip, the patient's foot is placed in a brace that rotates the hip inward. In both cases, the detector is slowly passed over the area, generating images on a computer monitor.
You must hold very still and may be asked to keep from breathing for a few seconds while the x-ray picture is taken to reduce the possibility of a blurred image. The technologist will walk behind a wall or into the next room to activate the x-ray machine.
The peripheral tests are simpler. The finger, hand, forearm or foot is placed in a small device that obtains a bone density reading within a few minutes.
An additional procedure called Lateral Vertebral Assessment (LVA) is now being done at many centers. LVA is a low-dose x-ray examination of the spine to screen for vertebral fractures that is performed on the DXA machine.
The LVA test adds only a few minutes to the DXA procedure.
The DXA bone density test is usually completed within 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the equipment used and the parts of the body being examined.
You will probably be asked to fill out a questionnaire that will help the doctor determine if you have medical conditions or take certain medications that either increase or decrease your risk of a fracture. The World Health Organization has recently released an online survey that combines the DXA results and a few basic questions and can be used to predict 10-year hip fracture risk for post-menopausal women. This will be coming into more use in the next few years.
What will I experience during and after the procedure?
Bone density tests are a quick and painless procedure.
Routine evaluations every two years may be needed to see a significant change in bone mineral density, decrease or increase. Few patients, such as patients on high dose steroid medication, may need follow-up at six months.
Who interprets the results and how will I get them?
A radiologist, a physician specifically trained to supervise and interpret radiology examinations, will analyze the images and send a signed report to your primary care or referring physician, who will discuss the results with you.
DXA scans are also interpreted by other physicians such as rheumatologists and endocrinologists. A clinician should review your DXA scan while assessing the presence of clinical risk factors such as:
- rheumatoid arthritis
- chronic renal and liver disease
- respiratory disease
- inflammatory bowel disease
Your test results will be in the form of two scores:
T score — This number shows the amount of bone you have compared with a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mass. A score above -1 is considered normal. A score between -1 and -2.5 is classified as osteopenia (low bone mass). A score below -2.5 is defined as osteoporosis. The T score is used to estimate your risk of developing a fracture.
Z score — This number reflects the amount of bone you have compared with other people in your age group and of the same size and gender. If this score is unusually high or low, it may indicate a need for further medical tests.
Small changes may normally be observed between scans due to differences in positioning and usually are not significant.
What are the benefits vs. risks?
- DXA bone densitometry is a simple, quick and noninvasive procedure.
- No anesthesia is required.
- The amount of radiation used is extremely small—less than one-tenth the dose of a standard chest x-ray, and less than a day's exposure to natural radiation.
- DXA bone density testing is the most accurate method available for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and is also considered an accurate estimator of fracture risk.
- DXA equipment is widely available making DXA bone densitometry testing convenient for patients and physicians alike.
- No radiation remains in a patient's body after an x-ray examination.
- X-rays usually have no side effects in the typical diagnostic range for this exam.
- There is always a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. However, the benefit of an accurate diagnosis far outweighs the risk.
- Women should always inform their physician or x-ray technologist if there is any possibility that they are pregnant. See the Safety page (www.RadiologyInfo.org/en/safety/) for more information about pregnancy and x-rays.
- The effective radiation dose for this procedure varies. See the Safety page (www.RadiologyInfo.org/en/safety/) for more information about radiation dose.
- No complications are expected with the DXA procedure.
A Word About Minimizing Radiation Exposure
Special care is taken during x-ray examinations to use the lowest radiation dose possible while producing the best images for evaluation. National and international radiology protection organizations continually review and update the technique standards used by radiology professionals.
Modern x-ray systems have very controlled x-ray beams and dose control methods to minimize stray (scatter) radiation. This ensures that those parts of a patient's body not being imaged receive minimal radiation exposure.
What are the limitations of DXA Bone Densitometry?
- A DXA test cannot predict who will experience a fracture but can provide indications of relative risk.
- Despite its effectiveness as a method of measuring bone density, DXA is of limited use in people with a spinal deformity or those who have had previous spinal surgery. The presence of vertebral compression fractures or osteoarthritis may interfere with the accuracy of the test; in such instances, CT scans may be more useful.
- Central DXA devices are more sensitive than pDXA devices but they are also somewhat more expensive.
- A test done on a peripheral location, such as the heel or wrist, may help predict the risk of fracture in the spine or hip. These tests are not helpful in following response to treatment, however, and if they indicate that drug therapy is needed, a baseline central DXA scan should be obtained.
Locate an ACR-accredited provider: To locate a medical imaging or radiation oncology provider in your community, you can search the ACR-accredited facilities database.
This website does not provide costs for exams. The costs for specific medical imaging tests and treatments vary widely across geographic regions. Many—but not all—imaging procedures are covered by insurance. Discuss the fees associated with your medical imaging procedure with your doctor and/or the medical facility staff to get a better understanding of the portions covered by insurance and the possible charges that you will incur.
Web page review process: This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas.
Outside links: For the convenience of our users, RadiologyInfo.org provides links to relevant websites. RadiologyInfo.org, ACR and RSNA are not responsible for the content contained on the web pages found at these links.
Images: Images are shown for illustrative purposes. Do not attempt to draw conclusions or make diagnoses by comparing these images to other medical images, particularly your own. Only qualified physicians should interpret images; the radiologist is the physician expert trained in medical imaging.
This page was reviewed on February 12, 2014


text:
Rawesome Case Disappearing Act: Two Defendants in L.A. County Case Settle with Small Fines
Almost like a mirage, the Rawesome Food Club case seems to be disappearing before our eyes.
A big chunk of it vaporized Friday when two defendants--Sharon Palmer and Victoria Bloch--settled the charges filed by the Los Angeles County District Attorney 13 months ago with slaps on the wrist...no, I'd say they were little taps. They each pleaded guilty to a single misdemeanor, and agreed to pay a small fine.
Palmer, the Ventura County farmer, pleaded guilty to one count of distributing milk in unsanitary conditions, was fined $400, and will have to do 40 hours of community service. She will be on probation for three years.
Bloch, the graphic designer who worked for Palmer at farmers markets on weekends, pleaded guilty to one count of mislabeling a container of goat milk. She'll pay a $100 fine and won't have any community service requirement. She'll be on probation for one year.
The case of James Stewart, Rawesome's manager, remains in abeyance. He has a hearing scheduled next Wednesday in Ventura County on his motion to dismiss charges against him there for alleged with fraud and securities law violations in connection with Palmer's acquisition of Healthy Family Farms back in 2008. Palmer still faces charges there as well in connection with loans and a mortgage obtained to obtain the farm.
But if the events today are any indication, Stewart's Los Angeles County case can be expected to vaporize, and the Ventura County case looks to be on unsteady legs.
The L.A. County District Attorney clearly didn't want to have to present evidence in the Rawesome case. The prosecutors there had previously offered Palmer a deal whereby she would plead guilty to a single felony count, with five years felony probation.
She refused the deal, and her lawyer proceeded to subpoena Richard Estes, the chief counsel for the California Department of Food and Agriculture, to challenge the legality of herdshares. As I discussed in my previous post, many of the charges against Palmer and Stewart in L.A. County grew out of a herdshare Palmer operated for Rawesome, whereby she provided raw goat milk.
Apparently when Palmer arrived at court Friday morning for a pretrial hearing, at which the state was supposed to present its key evidence in the case, the deal for Palmer had improved--the felony charge would become a misdemeanor and there would be no restrictions on her selling at L.A. County farmers markets. The move to subpoena Estes of the CDFA had apparently helped convince Estes he didn't want to testify and prosecutors that they didn't want to do a legal defense of prosecuting herdshares in California, when the state has no law covering herdshares.
Both Bloch and Palmer had indicated a willingness to fight the charges associated with Rawesome, but apparently were swayed by the offer of a very small penalty, and the prospect of avoiding a protracted wait for a trial. Bloch said that apparently, under the labeling laws, "ignorance of the law isn't necessarily an excuse. I am guilty of having made one sale to an undercover officer because I gave him goat milk without a label."
According to Palmer, the misdemeanor count she pleaded guilty to is misleading with its mention of "unsanitary condition." "When I was raided, the milk was for my 'milk fed pig'. The unsanitary conditions relate to the non-food containers the milk was kept in to feed the pigs. Even my pig food did not have pathogens in it and tested clean."
The two women, together with Stewart, were charged in early August 2011, when they were arrested and tossed in jail--Stewart and Bloch for two days and Palmer for a week--until bail could be arranged.
Subsequently, Palmer and Stewart were arrested by Ventura County sheriffs in connection with the fraud allegations while at a hearing in L.A. County. They were held--Palmer on $2 million bail and Stewart on $1 million bail--for days until a judge finally reduced bail enough that the two could raise the money. In late July, Stewart was jailed in Ventura County for violating terms of his bail by not showing up for a court hearing; he remains there.
The prosecutors may have failed to get very tough penalties on Palmer and Bloch, but they no doubt accomplished their key goals: to shut down Rawesome Food Club and get at least a couple of small notches on their belts by obtaining guilty pleas to a couple of misdemeanors. Certainly those were the primary goals all along--pile on the charges and then let the defendants off, relieved they only had small penalties, and send a message that private food clubs that provide members with full choice, including raw milk, won't be tolerated.
"A big chunk of it vaporized Friday when two defendants--Sharon Palmer and Victoria Bloch--settled the charges filed by the Los Angeles County District Attorney 13 months ago with slaps on the wrist...no, I'd say they were little taps. They each pleaded guilty to a single misdemeanor, and agreed to pay a small fine. Palmer... will be on ***probation for three years***. Bloch.... on ***probation for one year***." Little taps, huh? Coming from someone who advocates "civil disobedience" and "revolution," right? But I guess you would have to minimize it get someone else to go down the same path to destruction, right? Exactly how many times have you been arrested, David? How many days have you spent behind bars, huh? Exactly how many years have you been on probation, huh? Will this trigger your "revolution?" Probation is a nice long leash that the state can yank anytime they want, isn't it? And why would the prosecutor care what the size of the charge is as long as they admitted guilt, huh? He wouldn't, would he? The next time the charges will be larger, won't they? Sounds more like a rout of the so-called zealots, doesn't it? But I guess that's what happens when you play by the crooked court's rules, isn't it?
Once a cheater always a cheater.....
Wonder how much insolvent CA spent (wasted) on this fiasco tax payer dollar wise, needless waste of resources, time, money, and assault on people's lives and basic freedom.
Where are the citizens of CA who are sickened by all this and even more so, see the writing on the wall for their state because of the stupidity of the higher ups?
The courts are more like circuses for the stupidity of the other branches and agencies of government at this point than vehicles of justice.
Terry, can you email me, I looked at your site and could not find a contact email, mine is eleew then a 18 and then @ juno (dot) com
"Once a cheater always a cheater..... said Sylvia Gibson" Exactly. The only way to win is to expose the cheater and his rigged game! "Wonder how much insolvent CA spent (wasted) on this fiasco tax payer dollar wise, needless waste of resources, time, money, and assault on people's lives and basic freedom." To mantain control? This was a wise investment for the people who run the rigged game. "Terry, can you email me, I looked at your site and could not find a contact email, mine is eleew then a 18 and then @ juno (dot) com" My mistake - I think have it corrected. email@example.com
In regards to TDN's style
1. If it is a stretch to read this very different style of writing, how is it that that stretching is bad, exactly?
2. If I ask a question, for that asking can I be attacked for making a false statement?
In regards to Rawesome, the 8/2011 raid,
1. Criminal acts were committed under the color of law in the commission and execution of the August 2011 Rawesome raid, weren't they?
2. These criminal acts are an issue that must be resolved in the clear light of day, aren't they?
3. The damaged party is the Rawesome Club, isn't it?
4. Who did the damage?
5. These criminal acts under the color of law involve the Judge who granted authorization for the taking of "samples," and those who requested that authorization, and those who ran that raid, and those who participated in that raid, with the resultant wholesale destruction of Club property and disruption of the Club's operation, don't they?
6. Aren't there Rawesome Club members whose health or the health of those they cared for was irreparably damaged as a result of that raid?
7. Isn't this a matter for the Los Angeles County, California, Grand Jury?
In regards to MW
1. Will you kindly provide the reference that is the basis for your recent statement regarding the book "The Untold Story Of Milk?"
Seriously and cheerfully yours,
Mr. J. Ingvar Odegaard
I'm not sure your site is functioning properly: when I click on a comment I am sent to your post that the comment is attached to, but not to the specific comment. This is so with two different browsers of mine. With small numbers of comments it doesn't matter but, well, with the longer comment sections, I don't have time to manually search for the new comment. Also I thought the new comment rollover occurred in chunks of 100 comments but it seems the "I expect WI …" post rolled over between 100 and 200. Thanks.
"....how is it that that stretching is bad, exactly? 2. If I ask a question, for that asking can I be attacked for making a false statement?... 1. Criminal acts were committed under the color of law in the commission and execution of the August 2011 Rawesome raid, weren't they?"
Good answer, Ingvar! Maybe the next question you want to ask is: "David why did you tell Terry in an email that he can only post (3) three times in any new post?" And like I have said previously when attorneys sue the government for rights violations the things they look for are: 1. incompetence, 2. misconduct, and 3. abuse. Those are the things that should have been addressed in this case as well as in Hershberger's, Schlangen's and Hartmann's. Not this "death march" to jail or probation that as misrepresented as a primrose path.
"I'm not familiar with the possible remedies the defendants, or others, might have--whether they can sue various agencies for possible criminal acts, or for damages." David your style is misdirection, isn't it? Criminals cases get dropped when they can be shown to be rife with 1. incompetence, 2. misconduct and 3. abuse, can't they? That is what you don't want the cloistered community to hear, isn't it?
"pleaded guilty to one count of selling her goat milk stored in unsanitary conditions to Rawesome market,"
People put their trust and faith and money into her and her products. The $1300 fine is a joke. By selling raw dairy from unsanitary conditions she put many people at risk for illness. Palmer has admitted selling eggs she outsourced- without telling the consumers, one can only wonder what other devious crap she pulled.
Yes, Sylvia, I agree 100%. I learned a little about Sharon Palmer. You all can read it here if you so please:
I'm disappointed by outsourcing to but its better than nothing. The state is putting our only sources of healthy foods in jail and out of business.
Perhaps to you her devious outsourcing is better than nothing. It is the same crap you buy in the grocery store. If I am paying premium money for a certain item, then I expect to get that particular item. If you don't have it, fine, I'll look elsewhere for what I want. She knowingly deceived her customers, she committed fraud against the customers. Hers was NOT a healthy source. She could rot in jail for all I care.
I thought she was being prosecuted for not outsourcing.
Sharon Palmer has a long legal or should I say illegal, history of various types of fraud. She admitted on this blog that she fraudulently sold eggs that she outsourced to customers and did not tell customers.
As I had said before, whatever is between her and the laws she broke is not my issue, that is up to the courts. My issue is her deceiving customers. Disdain comes to mind when she is pictured as the poor little misunderstood farmer.
It is discouraging when you put not only your trust and faith, but also your money into something you believe in and then to have that person or people deceive you, is unforgivable. To ignore and/or minimize her behavior in the food movement is an injustice to those who don't know. It would be no different than spouting off that no foods can make you ill.
Some of us believe that farmers who violate the trust of their customers don't deserve our support for whatever it is they are being dragged to court. David doesn't make this distinction.
Amanda if revenge is your only interest than you are worse than Palmer(that's assuming Palmer's guilty). You should be up in arms that Palmer got off scot free on the Costco egg thing rather than happy another raw milk supplier has been shut down.
Revenge isn't even one of my interests. You just didn't seem to have background on this, so I was trying to supply it.
Thanks David for the Rawesome info. I was wondering what Sylvia was so mad about. Sorry Sylvia while I do try to add raw eggs to my diet when possible and my wife has discovered wheat grass and spirulina; raw milk is by far the most popular super food in my house. Now if this Palmer person had sold pasteurized milk from Costco as raw that would be much more serious to me. Selling pasteurized milk as raw is a serious problem in Europe. It's not a problem in Wisconsin because all raw milk sales are farm direct only.
I want to believe that most farmers are honest and will tell you, when you ask, how they farm. If they won't tell you, then I would suggest you move on to another farmer. If you find out they lied to you, then share your experience with other consumers. Palmer admitted her outsourcing of eggs, these are the same eggs that she told the consumers where from her organically fed chickens...Which was fraud to all those who bought those eggs, they thought they were from palmers organically fed chickens and they were not. People like that leave a black mark for trust against those who are honest.
"Some people here think she should be forever condemned for outsourcing. "
I can't speak for others. I feel she should be exposed for the fraudulent selling of products that were not hers and she knowingly sold to unsuspecting consumers. There is no doubt that others who are in search of healthy foods want to know about the people they are buying from. Isn't "know your farmer" promoted?
As for wild animals attacking farm animals, people are not stupid, they are very understanding and if it was explained to the consumers what had happened and that she was temporarily outsourcing, the consumers would have been informed and made their choice on whether they wanted to buy the outsourced eggs or not. Palmer, by selling eggs that were not hers and not informing the buyers, it appears she was devious just for the profits. So yes, she should be exposed.
I don't know if she or anyone else should be "forever condemned" for outsourcing. Remember at the beginning of all of this when you all held a big rally and I didn't go? I did not show support for Palmer because she had defrauded her customers.
This is good news especially for Victoria Bloch who appeared to have gotten herself caught in the middle of a shit storm. Part of the storm was created by Palmer and Stewart, so I have less sympathy there, but the plea agreement as a whole seems to fit with the charges that were actually brought.
Amanda, Our food regulations were written to insure consumers get the foods they are looking for not to force us to buy what ever a processor chooses to sell.
Sounds like another case of guilty even when proved innocent.
"Sounds like another case of guilty even when proved innocent." You said that you were coerced into pleading guilty to something that you did not do. As soon as you do that you destroy your own reputation for a short-term benefit. 95% of the people take plea bargains (that includes innocent and guilty people). The state does not care if you are innocent or not. All they care is that their reputation looks good and their reputation is intact. Only a wolf in sheep's clothing would say that is justice. We need to start pulling the sheep mask off of the crooked courts! That is the only viable path to victory!
"Sounds like another case of guilty even when proved innocent." Mike: The people who are part of the "justice" system know that people are presumed guilty until they are proven innocent . They know it has nothing to do with "protect and serve" but in reality it is "convict and incarcerate." They just want you ignorant of it so they can take advantage of you.
'The Code of Silence is a zero-sum game. You can't have integrity and play the Code of Silence game because every time you use it to win the game of "convict and incarcerate" you lose honor and integrity. Sadly, a lot of the cops succumb to the Code. It becomes a way of doing business for them.'
Walking With the Devil: The Police Code of Silence by Michael W. Quinn [Mpls Police Sgt (ret)], page 69-70.
And all the crooked court needs to do to make you guilty is to change the rules and the people will blindly ignore the facts!
'Mr. Supalo said he believed the hearsay law might be unconstitutional, but he eventually realized his duty as a juror was only to assess the evidence, not the laws. "We weren't the U.S. Supreme Court," he said of the jurors. "Right or wrong, this was the hearsay law, and we had to use it in this case."' Hearsay Rule Vexed Jurors in Illinois Murder Case, By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, Published: September 8, 2012.
Now I suppose the hierarchy will be upset that I put things into context, won't they?
Wow, and I thought raw milk was legal in California. Reminds me of when we were told they were going to legalize raw milk in Wisconsin. When I looked at the proposed law it was just more restrictions. It wasn't legalization at all.
I hope Vernon doesn't take the first deal.
"I hope Vernon doesn't take the first deal." If Vernon is innocent, then he shouldn't take any deal. If Vernon is guilty, then he shouldn't take any deal if the government obstructed justice either.
'So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.' John 8:7
It does seem to be much ado about nothing after all, doesn't it?
It's a shame that no one seems to care about outsourcing: not the government, not the DA, not the farmer's markets, not the producers or vendors... who is out there to protect the Farmer's Market consumer?
Caveat Emptor.
There isn't enough deference between the best and worst vegetables. The deference between fresh and processed food is a matter of life and death.
"who is out there to protect the Farmer's Market consumer?"
We apparently have to look out for ourselves. Word of mouth goes a long way. Whenever someone brings up Palmer et al, I inform them of what I've read about her dealings and her admission of outsourcing without informing the customers, and also encourage them to google her name and arrest records. Fraud is fraud.
Broom Rider, aka...Dr. Amanda,
I see that you have become a Commercially licensed Broom Rider with Advanced Instrument, Multi Engine, High Purformance and Complex ratings.....you fly that Broom into any kind of adverse weather conditions. Wow....very impressive.
Did you even read the CDFA recall notice or Press release? Did you even read the OPDC recall notice. Sounds like you are an OPDC wanny be "FB liker" . You got blocked months ago because of bitchy destructive comments....but you still hang arround vicariously lurking about.
The September 13th recall raw milk tested negative. Same for the skim raw milk that tested negative. The only test that came back positive was the raw cream. There should be no reason not to drink the raw milk. Even raw milk dated Sepetmber 13th. The expanded yet very targeted and narrow, very specific recall was an act of slightly over cautious regulator activity. To recall a product which tested negative is something to be expected from our very very very very very cautious CDFA food safety partners.
My daughter Kaleigh loves raw milk and she is one of the healthiest young moms I know.
Watch your next flight of the BROOM....you are messing with my daughter....that is Hard Hurricane force IFR weather and I do think you want to tempt your fate messin with me....I protect my young.
Ground your Broom and start considering what it is you really believe in.
Make all the personal attacks you want. Your Facebook page is public and I can certainly read how you guys respond to a recall. And lo and behold, look what's there.
Suggest to your employee that she stop acting like one of your customers, daughter or not. She is the head of marketing for your dairy and in charge of your Facebook page. On Facebook you actually have to switch your settings to post as "yourself" when you are an administer of a business page. Tell her not to switch to herself, just to continue posting as OPDC. Perhaps after posting as OPDC, she could leave her name so that people know it's her and not you if her intent is to tell people it's her and not you.
Or perhaps you've instructed her to play it this way.
Did your cream come from different milk than your bottled fluid milk? Was the skim milk not a byproduct of the cream? You've only got one tank and it was the same code day that was recalled. We know it pathogens can be unevenly distributed in product. Do you have structures in place that make you sure your milk was not contaminated when your cream obviously was?
Cream goes through an additional process and I don't know what's so obvious about it.
What did it test positive for?
Cream indeed goes through a different process as it is being separated from the skim part of the milk. I am asking Mark why he's sure the skim and whole milk didn't have campy. These state tests are needles in haystacks. In any case, we're talking about the latest recall for campy: http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/egov/Press_Releases/Press_Release.asp?PRnum=12-033
Didn't Mark say it tested negative. Amanda, with raw milk, it's more likely a false positive than a false negative. Don't you get it. I'd rather drink campy than pasteurized milk. I wouldn't return my milk. Healthy people don't get diarrhea from campy. We don't even know if campy causes diarrhea. If it did is it that hard to drink a glass of water. Consumers need these farmers more than they need us. We're not traveler's so why would we be afraid of traveler's diarrhea. Campy is more likely to come from humans than from grass feed cows.
You're the first person I've read that would rather drink campy. I can't imagine knowingly feeding myself or any child something that was contaminated. healthy people do get diarrhea from campy. Campy does cause diarrhea. Where do you get your information from?
To tell you the truth, cream is really not a necessity so I probably wouldn't use it even though I did pay $20 a half gal. for it. But carrot juice doesn't go over to well with the kids.
The negative tests Mark refers to are the corresponding tests that the state did on the skim and whole milk when the state did its monthly testing. They pull samples for each product and test them. The sample they tested for skim and whole were negative but since the cream was positive, assuming it came from the same source milk, you have to wonder about the rest. Maybe someone can find the quote from the WA raw milk farmer who got caught up in a recall. It made him think about the problems in testing and he said something like, "Just because I go fishing and don't catch a fish doesn't mean there are no fish in the lake." This is a really good analogy to show the uneven distribution of pathogens in milk. Just because a bottle of skim and whole milk didn't test positive, doesn't mean the batch was negative (especially when the cream was positive).
On reactions to campy, my titers are probably very high and as long as they stay that way, campy in whatever food vehicle doesn't pose a lot of risk to me. I expect the lion's share of OPDC customers (especially new ones) don't fall in that category. Some risk more than diarrhea. They have a right to make their own decision about what they are eating and feeding their children that is not clouded by manipulative marketing. Manipulation can come from both sides, of course, but in this exchange I have been talking about the behavior coming from OPDC's paid full time marketer.
Amanda, thank you for this post. How many gallons do you think the bulk tank holds and when the state conducts its monthly test, how large of a sample do they take--a cup, pint, quart, gallon, a few gallons, etc…?
I love the fishing analogy you used. If Mark is serious about RAWMI and educating farmers about all the pathogens that can be found in raw milk, I sure hope he is making it clear pathogens are not equally dispersed in liquid. He knows perfectly well why the milk could test negative and cream from this same milk could test positive. He should be educating everyone why this occurs instead of playing dumb.
Teach, Teach, Teach
If there wasn't enough to test positive there wasn't enough to make you sick.
"If there wasn't enough to test positive there wasn't enough to make you sick."
That may be the case for the specific bottle that was tested but we're talking about uneven pathogen distribution and we know that somewhere in the tank there was campy -- the cream was positive. Other bottles from the same tank could have had enough campy to make someone sick. That's why they were recalled.
Mary and Amanda,
I live in Wisconsin and it's almost impossible to get raw milk here. It's not sold in stores and there is no testing. We have to beg a farmer to sell us milk and hope the state doesn't find out. Testing would only increase the price of the milk and would serve no purpose because the milk would all ready be consumed by the time the test results came back. Furthermore anyone who drinks raw milk for more than a year already knows raw milk prevents diarrhea it doesn't cause it. Why would you believe anything a competitor says about fresh milk?
Amanda, I was just thinking, if the hole and skim were negative for campy that proves it didn't come from the cows. If the skim was negative that suggests it may not have been in the cream either. That means there's a good chance it was a contaminated sample or even a false positive.
Or maybe you know nothing of which you speak...
Kristen, you obviously know nothing about fresh milk or you wouldn't compare it to outsourcing. Speaking of vegetables doesn't anyone care that you can no longer buy edible corn on the cob anywhere at any price?
Mike - where in Wisconsin do you live? I have no problem buying deliciously sweet organic sweet corn on the cob when I'm in the Milwaukee area! And, thanks to my cousin who lives in Kenosha, I now have a source for my raw milk when I'm there.
I'm in Milwaukee. Good to hear you have a source of fresh milk. The problem I have with corn is do to my age. I'm 57. Over the last 40 years corn has changed a lot. This may have been the corn grandma made for us; Golden Bantam Improved Non GMO Open Pollinated. Open Pollinated corn can't be grown near GMO corn, it has a short shelf life and the youngsters today don't know the difference. So it just doesn't pay. These Heirloom verities weren't as sweet but they were softer, meatier, milkier, and more flavourful. Maybe with a little work we could get someone to grow us some.
Since you're in the Milwaukee area, go over to Will Allen's Growing Power. All of his items are organic, non-GMO, grown the old fashion way, free of perservatives & are absolutely luscious! His corn is incredible!
You know, I did buy some wheatgrass there. I may not have tried his corn.
And Mike, he has the most sweetly, delectable arugula, in fact, all of his spring greens are wonderful in flavor! I will be back there to teach next week, so I plan to make a run over there to pick up some luscious salad greens & veggies! Have you had the chance to meet & chat with Will Allen? He is absolutely fascinating to talk to.
No, that's not what it means at all. Re-read our discussion about uneven distribution of pathogens.
The reason I pointed out that cream goes through a separate process is that the alleged contamination could have happened in the separator. These so called pathogens are more likely to come from humans than from the cows themselves which means the alleged contamination is more likely to have come from the persons doing the milking or the person washing the bulk tank or the person taking the sample or the persons operating the separator or the persons bottling the cream.
I'm sure there is more unevenness in our levels of health, the sample quality, and test reliability than there is in the so called pathogen distribution.
"On reactions to campy, my titers are probably very high and as long as they stay that way, campy in whatever food vehicle doesn't pose a lot of risk to me."
Yes exposure is indeed one of the essential components to good health. Pasteurized milk and chlorinated water are by far a much greater threat to good health then exposure to organisms such as campylobacter.
Clearly pets are not versed on current microbial research which suggest they too are vulnerable to many of the same infections that affect humans, for they (cat and dog) routinely use the toilet bowl instead of the accessible, fresh, clean water in their dish.
People who spend their time trying to avoid and control ubiquitous organisms such as campy fail to realize that exposure to such organisms is a given and likely occurs on a daily basis despite their efforts.
I agree that exposure is important. It's amazing that the human race has survived, it you go by the govt entities propaganda.
It is sad that we are subjected to many unwanted toxins on a daily basis, chlorine being one of them. Years ago I had read that swimmers (daily swimming in pools) have a higher incidence of esophageal cancer than the regular population.
"incidence of the cancer has increased fivefold over the last 30 years. " Such a great increase in so short a time.
http://www.belkraft.com/chlorine_dangerous.htm Many cities are using a mixture of chlorine and ammonia=chloramine. Fish die in it (you can't use it in your fish bowel), dialysis machines require special filters as chloramine prevents red blood cells from up-taking oxygen. http://www.chloramine.org/chloraminefacts.htm
"I agree that exposure is important. It's amazing that the human race has survived, it you go by the govt entities propaganda." Well, like the cops say: "Follow the money!" Who benefits from people being sick, being in jail, etc? The people with money and power, right?
'With the rise of the democracies and the dethronement and disempowering of previously powerful groups such as the military, the nobility, and the like, there has been a gradual shift from the conscious and explicit use of direct methods of interpersonal and social control to one that are more indirect, subtle, and covert.' Gaslighting, The Double Whammy, Interrogation and Other Covert Control in Psychotherapy & Analysis, Theo L. Dorpat (Maryland: 2004), Page xviii.
The people with money and power have sunk lots of money into find ways to psychologically manipulate people, haven't they? And their investment has paid off, hasn't it?
'By making another person feel fearful, guilty, or ashamed, the manipulator is in a position to gain control over the other individual's affects, thoughts, and behaviors by substituting his own beliefs. This is the basic mechanism of gaslighting whether used in everyday life, in psychotherapy situations, or in the thought-reform and mind-control manipulations of cult leaders. Some advertising and many social interactions in which one person attempts to gain control over another are based on this principle."' Gaslighting, The Double Whammy, Interrogation and Other Covert Control in Psychotherapy & Analysis, Theo L. Dorpat (Maryland: 2004), Page 7.
For what it is worth I drank 3 gallons of the sept 13 dated milk. All good. Off subject a bit but I would like to know how raw milk sales have been since the last 2 recalls, and the raising of the price of milk. Just curious if what happened to rawsome as far as them shutting down, is what the state/feds etc are trying to do with OP. My feeling is the demand for raw milk is so great, IMHO, that the demand should be great enough to keep you going when the recalls hit . In other words the consumer will buy your product immediatly once it hits the shelves and you are regaining revenues. Seems recalls these days are a part of doing business in the raw milk world. Also I am suprised there arent more raw milk dairies springing up and competing for some of that market share. And speaking as a consumer I would like to see a bit of competition resulting in some lower priced raw milk.
The majority who drink the milk don't get ill. It appears that those who do become ill have problems with their immune system, it doesn't appear to be working at optimal levels.
I believe that there are many factors that affect the immune system, many which are beyond the local person's control. Tap water is one factor, there are many chemicals we are forced to consume. We have to have water to live. The foods consumed have numerous chemicals in and on them that it is a major factor in affecting the immune system. Personal care products; soap, shampoo, toothpastes all contribute to contaminating our bodies.
There are reasons why cancers have increased, autism has soared, allergies increased, learning disabilities increased, obesity epidemic, etc. Do I believe it is genetically influenced? Not for the majority. I think that all these chemical assaults to our bodies are major contributors to whatever genetic link there is. Even tobacco isn't just tobacco anymore, it has 100s of lethal chemicals added. Is it the tobacco that contributes to lung cancer or is it all the added chemicals to the tobacco that contributes to lung cancer? Why do the majority of smokers appear not to have breathing problems? Why does it affect only a few?
The raw milk movement is growing. It doesn't appear that recalls affect those who want it. I think the recalls help to educate the consumers on what to look for and what to ask of the farmers. I don't need to know a plate count, it really would mean nothing to me, as I've no doubt that the majority of people would be in the same boat. Plus, by the time they get the plate count results, I've probably already drank the milk.
I think if more people knew how the pasteurized milk was processed, then more would move toward raw milk.
"With millions of Americans contracting food borne illnesses each year, the USDA is committed to supporting research that improves the safety of our nation's food system," – this was the comment of USDA Deputy Secretary, Kathleen Merrigan, in a Dec. 15th, 2011 article in Agriview. In the same issue, it was also revealed that U.S. meat and milk exports had failed to pass the European Union's standard for drug residues. Deborah Cera, leader of the drug compliance team at the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine, admitted there were many violations involving scores of drugs in U.S. livestock. In a Nov. 17th 2011 article in the Wisconsin State Farmer, Kim Brown-Pokorny of the WI Veterinary Medical Association, warned that Wisconsin was the worst violator nationwide in terms of illegal drug residues in the meat of culled dairy cows. Yet, there was no mention in either article of prosecuting or penalizing these drug users or even informing U.S. consumers of this obvious food safety threat.
"Rawesome Case Disappearing Act: Two Defendants in L.A. County Case Settle with Small Fines"
It would appear that some of the major flaws of the "revolution" are that the 'instigator' has never actually been arrested for civil disobedience, right? The 'rabble rouser' has never spent a single minute behind bars, correct? The 'provocateur' has never been on probation, right? In summary, the 'agitator' wants the 'community' to do something that the 'agitator' would never consider doing himself, right? Maybe the 'fomenter' should have written the book on the 'revolution' behind bars so there would have been some inspiration for the 'community' to take the 'kamikaze ride' in court for the maximum penalty, huh? Maybe that is why I was able to talk some sense into Schlangen, huh? Since I was able to speak from experience that being in jail IS NOT as wonderful as the 'goads' wanted him to think it was, huh?
(Corrected version)
Rawesome folks aren't the only ones making deals. This article involved "organic" milk, not raw milk - but you will notice a few comparisons along the way.
Organic Scandal Ends In Settlement: http://www.cornucopia.org/2012/09/bush-era-organic-scandal-ends-in-7-5-m...
Big changes in California. CDFA just sent a notice to all local health department agencies that directed those agencies to start testing Grade A dairies that want to sell raw milk from their BULK TANKS at a different standard. Now...all Grade A raw milk that is sold from a BULK tank off a dairy in CA will have to meet the same standards as OPDC does in their finished product.
That means less than 10 coliforms in the BULK TANK on the farm if sold consumer direct. That also means that OPDC is now going to be tested twice to meet the very stringent coliform standards. Once at the bulk tank and one more time at the finished product.
OPDC is now being tested twice as much....to meet our very hig standards. This also clearly makes any possible outsourcing for Class 1 or 2 uses impossible. I also argue that this letter is the best and most rational arguement for OPDC being removed and separated from the Milk Pool. This would save OPDC about $30,000 per month and provide the funding to reduce milk prices and also build our new creamery.
This is a serious food safety gap....it is now closed legally buy a letter sent down from Sacramento. The powers of the Secretary of Ag....are huge.
Becuase of this new testing at the Bulk tank, there is no way that Milk Pool milk can ever be recieved at a Raw Dairy Creamery. This makes our case iron clad that OPDC is structurally....not a participant in the MILK POOL.
It is too early to start dancing....but I think that the party will start very soon. The MIlk Pool obbligations for OPDC have been a massively repressive economic wet towel.


text:
That's weird. Maybe it's just been all the hype recently, but I have been led to believe the Xbox One is an entirely new console.
I'm not saying disks are obsolete, but there certainly are better delivery methods other than driving to your nearest game store handing over cash to bring home a physical medium containing your new game. There aren't nearly as many Video/DVD rental stores around anymore because movies are now being delivered digitally. Why should gaming consoles be left out of this digital revolution?
If something is inevitable, why wait around dragging your feet to implement it. I don't understand how people can't be "ready for it now" but they will be in 2020. People are just scared of change. Those same people should take a look at Darwin's theory of evolution.
I for one will never buy a disc based game again provided their is a digital copy available. Why run the risk of the losing the disk, the disk being damaged, or having to rummage through mountains of disks trying to find the one game you want to play when it is there ready to go at the press of a button.
Stupid dinosaurs should just die out already and let the rest of us enjoy what technology can provide us.
There is a difference between a true digital future where we still have ownership, and the digital future that Microsoft was trying to push with the One. I am totally ready for an all digital future. As long as it means I still own the copy of the software that I buy. I DON'T want a digital future that amounts to a glorified rental business.


text:
European Vintage-Washed Ruffle & European Fleur Toddler Bedding Collection
$29 - $299
An enzyme wash adds vintage appeal to our ultra-soft bedding collection, trimmed with petite ruffles for a decidedly feminine touch.
- Duvet cover, sham and sheeting are woven from 100% cotton by a family-run company in Portugal that weaves and tailors the fabric with meticulous care; 210-thread-count duvet cover and sham have an enzyme-washed finish
- Duvet cover and sham are trimmed with petite ruffles; duvet cover has inside ties and a hidden-flap closure; sham is finished with an envelope closure
- Pillowcase has a European end-flap closure
- Quilt is soft and airy 100% cotton voile embroidered by hand, resulting in slight variations in the design for one-of-a-kind character
- Machine wash
- Duvet cover, sham and sheeting are made in Portugal; quilt is imported
- Duvet cover and sham are Oeko-Tex® Certified
- View bedding dimensions
Shown in white/petal.
European Vintage-Washed Ruffle Sham
$29 - $39
European Down Duvet
$105 - $299
Down Free Duvet
$59 - $159
Down Free Pillows
$19 - $39
European Down Pillows
$54 - $109
Quilted Waterproof Mattress Pad
$45 - $85


text:
Regular meetups are held in the bay area – see the Facebook page and the Meetup.com page. There is also a New York meetup group (see the Facebook page) and more coming soon.
If you'd like to start a new meetup group, please sign up as a seasteading ambassador and contact us.
May – June 2012
A landmark event featuring the vanguards of the seasteading movement. Network with fellow entrepreneurs, ocean law experts, maritime professionals, industrial leaders, investors, and seasteading enthusiasts for two days of cutting-edge presentations. Enjoy catered meals and refreshments throughout the day at the luxurious Le Méridien Hotel in San Francisco's financial district. Show your support for The Seasteading Institute by participating in an exclusive dinner at historic Forbes Island, a 700 ton floating island complete with palm trees, waterfall and lighthouse. Close the weekend out in style with a sunset dinner cruise around the San Francisco Bay.
For more information and to register, visit the main conference page.
The Seasteading Institute will be attending this year's Ephemerisle.
Ephemerisle is a floating festival on the Sacramento Delta originally started by The Seasteading Institute, and now crowd-sourced and community operated independently of the Institute. Last year 300-400 people passed through the festival over the course of the weekend. Participants are encouraged to "bring their own land," which means arrive on a houseboat, sailboat, raft, or other structure that provides a floating home for the course of the event. We hope attendees of The Seasteading Conference will spend the following weekend with us celebrating in a temporary floating village. More information about how to participate can be found on Ephemerisle's Wiki page and Facebook pages.


text:
Customer Reviews
1 Item(s)
- Amazing! Review by Dakota
Price Value Quality
I work at Amazing Lash Studio in Dallas and we just started to sell this product. I bought some yesterday and used it for the first time today! It is amazing, I love the easy stroke it has. My old eyeliner was an actual brush so there is not as much control than the Graphic Liner. Love it!
(Posted on 4/30/14)
See More Reviews
1 Item(s)


text:
New flagship Sony Bravia TV to get 3D, Wi-Fi, 200Hz panel
Sony has revealed its line-up of Bravia televisions for the coming year, with a new "Monolithic Design" aesthetic that will soon make older flatscreen TVs on stands look dated.
"Go on an incredible 3D journey", purrs Sony about the new models. "Connect to a world of online entertainment, enjoy the beauty of a cinematic screen or simply add a unique Monolithic Design statement to your home".
The Monolithic tellies recline at a lazy 6-degree angle, supposedly ideal for all you trendsters with "low, contemporary furniture".
The 40-, 52- and 60-inch flagship Bravia LX900 offers Full HD 3D (with glasses), Wi-Fi access for internet bits and bobs, Motionflow 200Hz Pro and an "Intelligent Presence Sensor" that supposedly understands who is watching the TV, via face recognition, and can tell kids to step back from the screen, meaning you'll save money on a babysitter, at least.
Other models in the new Bravia range include the HX900, HX700, NX800, NX700, NX500, NX400, EX700, EX600, EX500, EX402, EX40B, EX302, BX400, BX300, BX200, BX20D, all of which we'll bring you news on when they get announced for the UK market.


text:
Compensation ratios and other fairy tales
Once upon a time, the pay and bonuses that investment banks awarded their staff were straightforward. A bonus was a large amount of cash (and it was almost always cash) paid at the end of each year.
Become a financial news subscriber
Contact our Licensing team to discuss corporate subscription options on:
+44 (0) 20 7572 3499
Breaking news
Get exclusive access to breakng news, analysis and comment on the wholesale financial industry.
Join 37,000 subscriber including your clients, competitors and business partners
On the go
Available online, in print, and on mobile for access wherever and whenever you need it.
Provides in-depth analysis and context so that you benefit from an unique view of the entire wholesale financial industry.


text:
Vintage-Washed Stripe Jersey Standard Pillowcase
Our cotton jersey sheets are designed to evoke the weathered softness of a vintage baseball jersey that's seen more innings and washings than you can count. Woven with a unique mélange thread, the fabric is then washed to impart a luxuriously soft hand.
- 100% cotton jersey
- Sheet set includes 1 flat sheet, 1 fitted sheet and 2 pillowcases (1 in twin set)
- Twin fitted sheet fits mattresses up to 14" deep; full and queen fitted sheets fit mattresses up to 16" deep
- Pillowcase has a European end-flap closure
- Imported
- Machine wash
- In grey, red or navy
- View bedding dimensions
Shown in red.
Vintage-Washed Stripe Jersey Standard Pillowcase
Celebrate someone special. Add an initial, name or date to personalize gifts, apparel, bedding, decorative accents and jewelry.
- Personalization is centered on the pillowcase cuff; no personalization on flat sheet of sheet set
- Size and shape of embroidery designs have been thoughtfully considered by our design team to best complement the product
- Monogrammed/Personalized items are considered custom order items and are non-cancellable, non-returnable and non-refundable
Vintage-Washed Stripe Jersey Standard Pillowcase
Vintage-Washed Stripe Jersey Sheet Set
European Down Pillows
Down Free Pillows
Quilted Waterproof Mattress Pad


text:
Home > Tie-Handkerchief Sets > Product Information
Vesuvio Napoli Navy Brown White PLAID NeckTie & Handkerchief Matching Tie Set
Vesuvio Napoli Neck Tie & Handkerchief Pocket Square Plaid Design Set
This listing is for a New Vesuvio Napoli Collection Brand Men's Navy, Brown, and White Color Plaids Design NeckTie and Handkerchief Set.
Beautiful tie with matching hanky to make a great color combination that will match any shirt.
A great formal classical style mens neck tie for a great accessory to a tuxedo or a suit. Great for wearing to a wedding or any other formal occasion. These colors make it a perfect set to wear with a suit for work or a special event.
The material for the necktie is 100% Polyester ("SILK-feel").
The neck tie is a standard length tie which is 56 inches long and approximately 3 1/2 inches wide at the bottom.
We have more variety of Neckwear NeckTies & Handkerchiefs Sets.
Check out our other Neck Ties.
More Items


text:
- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
From Barnes & Noble
Karl Marlantes' 2010 debut Matterhorn was a Discover Great New Writers selection and a Barnes & Noble fiction bestseller. Now this former Marine Corps officer and Rhodes Scholar follows up that Vietnam war novel with an awe-striking nonfiction book about the experience of combat and its often traumatic aftermath. Drawing deeply on his own combat experiences, he describes the whirlwinds of emotions and almost instantaneous life-and-death decision-making that modern warfare entails. This is a powerful book that cuts across party and ideological lines. Editor's recommendation.


text:
Geobase provides comprehensive bibliographic references to important journals in the fields of physical and human geography, geology, mineralogy, ecology and development studies. International in scope, Geobase provides coverage from over 1,800 primary journals, books, monographs, reports, and theses. Geobase pulls together the information from seven abstracts journals - Geological Abstracts, Geomechanics Abstracts, Geographical Abstracts: Human Geography, Geographical Abstracts: Physical Geography, Ecological Abstracts, International Development Abstracts to enable comprehensive multidisciplinary searches of international literature.
Guest curated by graduate student Katie Wills
Stories from people who were children during World War II and the objects in this exhibit animate the past and inform us of a time when war took over daily life. "Retrospect is a very interesting thing," says Ruthie Kallnder. "At the time I don't recall any of the information we got as being propaganda," but the government tried to influence children to make "necessary" sacrifices. Propagandists made the war a battle between good and evil, democracy and fascism. They also asked children to share in the war effort. In response, many children took on more responsibilities. Ruthie explains that boys and girls felt "if that's what it was going to take" to win they "were willing to do it." The memories of the people in this exhibit and their wartime actions show the power of propaganda's messages and its lasting affect on their lives. Propaganda posters, children's books, and classroom assignments demonstrate how propagandists reached children and involved them in the national war effort.
More Options:
Browse |
Classic Catalog |
OhioLINK |
Lane Public |
WorldCat |
More Options:
Research by Subject |
Databases A-Z
More Options:
OhioLINK Home |
OhioLINK Catalog |
Research by Subject |
Databases A-Z
More Options:
Online Journals : A-Z
| Subject List
More Options:
Miami University Search |
Miami University Directory
B.E.S.T. Library services limited Saturday June 27 by building power outage
Need to relax before your next exam? Try Amos Music Library's playlist.
Stats Help Desk - hours during finals week
Trial Access to eMarketer Database


text:
Your Samples
Add samples
Karndean Designflooring
Inspired and inspiring; full of charm and character, our premium Art Select collection brings the natural beauty of wood and stone flooring to life in your home. Through meticulous attention to detail and careful selection of some of the most beautiful natural timbers and stone floors, Art Select includes our most intricate designs and realistic embosses.
Is this for a commercial project? See commercial flooring
From rich terracotta tiles to intricate limestone, natural stone surfaces can add instant appeal wherever they're used. But what puts many people off using stone in their homes is how it feels underfoot. With our wide range of Karndean Designflooring stone tiles, you can now have all the appeal of natural stone with a warmer, more tactile surface.
{{productCodeTitle}} {{selectedProduct.productCode}}
{{rangeTitle}} {{selectedProduct.range}}


text:
how much does it allow the screen to open?
is the shell case in two parts? and does the screen open till 90 degrees or it can go beyond that?
- Asked by Ambreen M
Moshi iGlaze Shell Case for MacBook Air
Product No Longer Available
3 Answers from the Community
Best Answer:
I had written a review saying that it didn't allow the screen to open all the way (I am am assuming that I had just not pressed the case on entirely) but now, after adding a tiny amount of pressure to pop it fully on, my screen opens to the fullest range. Now I give this case the highest rating, its a great buy!
- Answered by Molly H from Washington
It has been my experience that if you put the case on properly you can open the screen fully. I meant to note that in my review since it had been noted in some reviews that it impedes the screen opening fully.
- Answered by Josh A from Dunwoody
It can go beyond that but it rubs.
See here (remove the spaces): http: // img694 . imageshack . us/i/imageicw.jpg
- Answered by Jason L from Markham


text:
LiveSomerset snow updates: Thursday
This live event has finished
- Snowfall had largely stopped in the area by Wednesday night.
- With freezing temperatures overnight, drivers are being warned to take extra care on icy roads today.
- Send your stories and pictures to email@example.com
- Use #somersetsnow on Twitter.


text:
Natural Disasters
Always call 911 if you are in immediate danger and need emergency help.
- Prepare for or respond to a wildfire - understand the dangers and what you can do when wildfire is predicted or advancing.
- Recover after a wildfire - what you can do to protect your family, home from related hazards; also information for businesses and communities.
Many of the links below go to sites outside EPA.
Prepare for or respond to a wildfire
Air quality health information:
- Current air quality forecast (Ozone and particulates) - click on your area
- Sign up to receive air quality email notices for your ZIP code
- Read more: How Smoke from Fires Can Affect Your Health
- Asthmas triggers and outdoor air pollution
- Interagency Real Time Smoke particulate Monitoring, from USDA
Related planning:
Planning for disaster debris:
Damage from a wildfire depends on the size, extent, and other factors. Damage debris can include destroyed structures, hazardous waste, green waste, or personal property. More information on disaster debris
Other sites related to Wildfires
Chemical or fertilizer storage:
Properly designed or modified storage facilities enhance worker safety and minimize the risk contamination.
Recover after a wildfire.
ALERT: Generator exhaust is toxic. Always put generators outside well away from doors, windows, and vents. Never use a generator inside homes, garages, crawlspaces, sheds, or similar areas. Carbon monoxide (CO) is deadly, can build up quickly, and linger for hours. More information on carbon monoxide.
Air quality and health information:
After a wildfire, be aware that smoldering materials in the building may produce many pollutants. Many adverse health conditions can be caused by inhaling or ingesting even small amounts of these pollutants. Small children, the elderly, or people with preexisting respiratory conditions can be especially vulnerable to some of these pollutants.
- More information about pollutants produced by burning materials
- Asthma: wildfires and air quality
- Health and environmental effects of particulate matter
What to do with disaster debris:
Disasters can generate tons of debris, including building rubble, soil and sediments, green waste (e.g., trees and shrubs), personal property, ash, and charred wood. How a community manages disaster debris depends on the debris generated and the waste management options available. Burying or burning is no longer acceptable, except when permission or a waiver has been granted, because of the side effects of smoke and fire from burning, and potential water and soil contamination from burial. Typical methods of recycling and solid waste disposal in sanitary landfills often cannot be applied to disaster debris because of the large volume of waste and reluctance to overburden existing disposal capacity. More information on handling debris.
Dealing with Debris and Damaged Buildings


text: To be fair they did feud over the WWE Championship last year so there's not really any need for them to be feuding right now. I think it's pretty much guaranteed that they'll have another program again at some point in the future seeing as the matches they've given us so far have been great. As much as I would love to see it, a 30-40 minute Mania main event match might be a bit optimistic. Maybe once all the part timers eventually go away! I really hope Bryan is one of the challengers during Dolph's reign. They're match at Bragging Rights a couple years ago is still one of my favourites!


text:
Put on by Cunning is a novel by British crime-writer Ruth Rendell. It was first published in 1981, and features her popular series protagonist Inspector Wexford. It is the 11th in the series.
The title comes from a quotation from Shakespeare's Hamlet, Act V Scene II:
(In the US, the novel was published under the title Death Notes.)
An old man, esteemed Flautist Sir Manuel Camargue, dies when he loses his foothold in the snow on a dark night, slipping into the water and then under the ice. It appears to be an open-and-shut case. But, with a recently appeared long-lostdaughter, and a very full will, Wexford thinks a little more investigating is in order.


text:
+ - Economists argue patent system should be abolished->
Submitted by nukem996
nukem996 writes: Two economists at the St. Louis Federal Reserve have published a paper arguing that the American patent system should be abolished. The paper recognizes the harm the current patent system has caused not only to the technology sector but the health sector as well.
Link to Original Source
Link to Original Source


text: I love a good flea market for its unexpectedness and odd one-of-a-kind items. I've picked up some incredible vintage finds from Paris to New York, and many dusty points in between. So when I heard that Curvy Fashionista Marie Denee had some super tips by way of Strim Vintage Designer, Wendy Mirts on how to shop a huge flea market, like the one in Pasedena, I had to have her share her tips with you! Marie Denee one of the bloggers scouting out finds across the country on behalf of the Chevy Cruze-arati team, so who knows where she'll turn up next. Watch how to repurpose vintage finds into something new and more fabulous… and on the hood of a car to boot! –S.H.Out and about and on to the Pasadena Rose Bowl Flea Market!What happens when you drop a vintage fashion designer and reseller with a Curvy Fashionista like myself- all while playing in my all new Chevy Cruze?Fashion Unexpected is one of my webisodes where we fashion something – literally unexpected!On a special tour of one of the largest flea markets, vintage queen Wendy Mirts takes me on a tour around the Paedena Rose Bowl Flea Market, giving me tips on how to shop, what to look for, and how to manage the GINORMOUS grounds!Published on March 16, 2011