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Quarterly Report: 2012, July - September (Q1), Old Harbor
Old Harbor
Brice Eningowuk
DCRA Regional Office:
Gov't Type:
Second Class City
Agreement Date:
City of Old Harbor
Assessment Status:
Assessment Date:
Exp Date:
Last Updated:
Community Sanitation Overview:
Water is supplied by a dammed creek and an infiltration gallery, is treated and stored in a tank, then distributed via pipes. A community septic tank treats piped sewage. All residences are connected to the public water and sewer system and have complete plumbing. Refuse collection services are not available, although the city has requested funding for dumpsters and vehicles to do so. The landfill was recently relocated. They are interested in developing hydro-electricity. Electricity is currently provided by AVEC. There is one school located in the community, attended by 62 students. Local hospitals or health clinics include Old Harbor Health Clinic. Old Harbor is classified as an isolated village, and it is found in EMS Region 2G in the Kodiak Region. Emergency Services have coastal and air access. Emergency service is provided by volunteers and a health aide. Auxiliary health care is provided by Old Harbor Village Response Team. ANTHC is constructing a new water treatment plant that should be completed in fall, 2011. A new water storage tank was constructed in the summer of 2011.
RUBA Status & Activities This Qtr:
On August 3, 2011 Anchorage RUBA staff traveled to Old Harbor to conduct a RUBA management assessment and to provide assistance with answering the survey from AML/JIA regarding a personnel policy update. On September 9, Anchorage RUBA staff finalized the new RUBA assessment report for the City of Old Harbor.
RUBA Activities for the Coming Qtr:
RUBA staff will continue to provide telephone, fax, and e-mail support and assistance as needed.
Essential Indicators:
23 of 26
Sustainable Indicators:
20 of 27
Total Score:
43 of 53
Essential Indicators
All revenues and expenses for the utility are listed in the utility budget.
The utility has adopted a balanced realistic budget.
Monthly financial reports are prepared and submitted to the policy making board.
The utility is current in paying all water/wastewater electric bills.
The utility has on hand a year's adequate fuel supply or it has a financial plan to purchase an adequate supply.
The utility is receiving revenues (user fees or other sources) sufficient to cover operating expenses.
Sustainable Indicators
The utility is receiving revenues (user fees or other sources sufficient to cover operating expenses and Repair & Replacement (R) costs.
YTD revenues are at a level equal to or above those budgeted.
YTD expenditures are at a level equal to or below those budgeted.
A monthly manager's report is prepared.
Budget amendments are completed and adopted as necessary.
Finances Comments
The FY12 budget for the city was adopted on September 2, 2011 by the city council. In the water/wastewater budget, the city anticipates receiving $32,575 in revenues and plans to expend $38,126.84 which leaves a deficit of $5,551.84. Utility user fees are not sufficient to cover operating expenses, and although the overall entity budget is balanced, the revenue summary does not state from where the water/wastewater deficit will be subsidized. YTD date revenues and expenditures have not been submitted as monthly financial reports to RUBA staff since June 2011. A bill from the Alaska Village Electric Cooperative (AVEC) shows that the utility is current with electric payments; a check made to AVEC was sent on August 1, 2011. The utility gets fuel as needed from the city fuel enterprise. The city has a separate bank account for repair and replacement; however, the budget does not allocate funds to the account. In the event of emergency repairs, the city will purchase the parts using general funds. Managers reports are submitted to the council with monthly financial reports at council meetings. Budget amendments are made as needed by the council.
Accounting Systems
Essential Indicators
The utility has adopted a collection policy and actively follows it.
The utility bills customers on a regular basis.
An accounts receivable system is in place which tracks customers and reports past due accounts and amounts.
An accounts payable system is in place.
The payroll system correctly calculates payroll and keeps records.
A cash receipt system is in place that records incoming money and how it was spent.
The utility has a cash disbursement system that records how money was spent.
Sustainable Indicators
A chart of accounts is used that identifies categories in a reasonable, usable manner.
Monthly bank reconciliations have been completed for all utility accounts.
The utility has a purchasing system that requires approval prior to purchase, and the approval process compares proposed purchases to budgeted amounts.
Accounting Systems Comments
The collection policy is in the Old Harbor Code of Ordinances 11.01.161 Billing and Payment. The water and wastewater bills are sent out before the 25th of each month. The accounts receivable report from QuickBooks has detailed information on water and wastewater customers that have past due balances. The largest amount owed is $3556 by a customer that has signed a repayment agreement with the City of Old Harbor. The accounts payable report from QuickBooks shows only a total of $150 that the city owes to three vendors. When city customers pay a bill, a receipt is provided to the customer from a receipt logbook and Old Harbor Code of Ordinances 11.01.170 states that water and wastewater monies will be used strictly for maintenance, extension, repair, capital improvement and operation of the systems. The chart of accounts lists all bank accounts, accounts receivable, assets, liabilities, equities, income, cost of goods sold and expenses of the city. Monthly bank reconciliations are done through QuickBooks and bank statements. For purchases greater that $500 and not listed in the budget, approval goes from employee to supervisor, to the bookkeeper/treasurer and mayor for approval.
Tax Problems
Essential Indicators
The utility has a system to accurately calculate, track, and report payroll tax liabilities.
The utility is current on filing tax reports.
The utility is current on making tax deposits.
If there are any past due tax liabilities or recorded tax liens, a lien release has been issued or a repayment agreement has been signed and repayments are current.
Tax Problems Comments
A June 24, 2011 report from the IRS stated that the city is compliant with federal tax filing, deposits and has no record of a lien against the city. The state ESC report from June 28, 2011 states that the city is in compliance with state tax filing, deposits and is not on the March April lien watch.
Personnel System
Essential Indicators
The utility has a posted workers compensation insurance policy in effect.
Sustainable Indicators
The utility has adopted and uses a Personnel Policy, which has been reviewed by an attorney, AML or Commerce for topics and language.
The utility has adequate written job descriptions for all positions.
The utility has adopted and follows a written personnel evaluation process that ties the job description to the evaluation.
The utility has an adequate written hiring process.
The utility has personnel folders on every employee that contain at least: I-9, Job Application and Letter of Acceptance.
The utility has a probationary period for new hires that includes orientation, job training/oversight, and evaluations.
The utility provides training opportunities to staff as needed and available.
Personnel System Comments
The city is insured for workers compensation through AML/JIA from July 1, 2011 to July 1, 2012. The city has a personnel policies manual that is being updated with AML/JIA assistance. Job descriptions, the hiring process and evaluations are also being updated with AML/JIA. Employee personnel folders are kept in a locked cabinet that includes the I-9, job application, letter of acceptance, and evaluations of each employee. Trainings are offered to employees on an as needed basis and as funding allows.
Organizational Management
Essential Indicators
The entity that owns the utility is known; the entity that will operate the utility is set.
The policy making body is active in policy making of the utility.
The policy making body enforces utility policy.
The utility has an adequately trained manager.
The utility has an adequately trained bookkeeper.
The utility has an adequately trained operator or operators.
The utility has adopted the necessary ordinances (or rules and regulations) necessary to give it the authority to operate.
Sustainable Indicators
The utility has adopted an organizational chart that reflects the current structure.
The policy making body meets as required.
The utility complies with the open meeting act for all meetings.
Organizational Management Comments
The city owns the utility and is authorized by the Old Harbor Code of Ordinances, Title 11 to operate and manage the utility. Title 11 grants the city council the authority to set regulation and enforce those regulations with utility customers. The utility manager is the bookkeeper/treasurer for the city, as well as the operator. There is an alternate when the operator is not available. The organizational chart is depicted in the Old Harbor Water treatment Plant and Water Storage Tank Business Plan from the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. The council meets on the first Tuesday of every month and properly posts notices according to local code.
Operation of Utility
Essential Indicators
The utility operator(s) are actively working towards necessary certification.
The utility has a preventative maintenance plan developed for the existing sanitation facilities.
Sustainable Indicators
The manager receives a monthly O&M report from the utility operator and routinely "spot checks" the facilities to see that the maintenance items are being completed.
The utility has a safety manual and holds safety meetings.
Utility facilities have not suffered any major problems/outages due to management issues that are unresolved.
The utility is operating at the level of service that was proposed.
The operator provides status reports to the manager on a routine basis.
The utility has completed and distributed its "Consumer Confidence Report".
The utility is not on the "Significant Non-Complier" (SNC) list.
The utility maintains an inventory control list.
The utility maintains a critical spare parts list.
Operation of Utility Comments
The operator is certified in both Water Distribution Provisional and Water Treatment Provisional and due to expire on December 31, 2013. The RMW has provided a photo copy of the old Water treatment plant's Operations and Maintenance manual. The utility has a new water treatment plant in the construction phase and a draft maintenance plan will be provided to the utility once construction of the water treatment plant is complete. AML/JIA safety meetings have been addressed with the operators, but operators do not attend. There have been no major problems or outages due to management practices of the utility. The manager provides a report to the council on O/M and any major issues that may pertain to the utility. The 2010 CCR has not been distributed to utility customers as of August 23, 2011, but the utility is not on the April 2011 SNC list. The utility does not have an inventory control list nor a critical spare parts list.
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"And now that we all know....."
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As we learn about the milestone events that shaped his character (including his sister's death and young son's near-fatal injuries after being struck by a car), Gore sheds the stiff demeanor of his 2000 presidential campaign and impresses us as a man with a mission, transcending partisan politics with an impassioned plea for common sense, ethical forthrightness, and passionate purpose in reversing the harmful effects of global warming through personal and political responsibility. Some may accuse Gore of exploiting global warming as a ...

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Within a federal system, the term state also refers to political units, not completely sovereign themselves; however, these systems are subject to the authority of a constitution defining a federal union which is partially or co-sovereign with them.
In casual usage, the terms "country," "nation," and "state" are often used as if they were synonymous; but in a more strict usage they can be distinguished:
In other languages meaning can be different. Polish 'państwo' can be derived from the word 'pan'=lord, the one who has power ('Lord Jesus'='Pan Jezus'). 'Państwo' therefore denotes a state, when someone is governing (is in charge). The word 'państwo' also suggest some kind of social organisation, as its second meaning in Polish relates to "family" (państwo Smith = the Smiths).
It has also been claimed that the word "state" originates from the medieval state or regal chair upon which the head of state (usually a monarch) would sit. By process of metonymy, the word state became used to refer to both the head of state and the power entity he represented (though the former meaning has fallen out of use). Two quotations which reference these different meanings, both commonly, though probably apocryphally, attributed to King Louis XIV of France, are "L'État, c'est moi" ("I am the State") and "Je m'en vais, mais l'État demeurera toujours." ("I am going away, but the State will always remain"). A similar association of terms can today be seen in the practice of referring to government buildings as having authority, for example "The White House today released a press statement...".
Empirically (or de facto), an entity is a state if, as in Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organization that has a 'monopoly on legitimate violence' over a specific territory. Such an entity imposes its own legal order over a territory, even if it is not legally recognized as a state by other states (e.g., the Somali region of Somaliland).
Juridically (or de jure), an entity is a state in international law if it is recognized as such by other states, even if it does not actually have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force over a territory. Only an entity juridically recognized as a state can enter into many kinds of international agreements and be represented in a variety of legal forums, such as the United Nations.
Some scholars have suggested that the term "state" is too imprecise and loaded to be used productively in sociology and political science, and ought to be replaced by the more comprehensive term "political system." The "political system" refers to the ensemble of all social structures that function to produce collectively binding decisions in a society. In modern times, these would include the political regime, political parties, and various sorts of organizations. The term "political system" thus denotes a broader concept than the state.
Some political philosophers believe the origins of the state lie ultimately in the tribal culture which developed with human sentience, the template for which was the alleged primal "alpha-male" microsocieties of our earlier ancestors, which were based on the coercion of the weak by the strong. However anthropologists point out that extant band- and tribe-level societies are notable for their lack of centralized authority, and that highly stratified societies--i.e., states--constitute a relatively recent break with the course of human history.
Perhaps the most important political innovations of classical antiquity came from the Greek city-states and the Roman Republic. The Greek city-states before the 4th century granted citizenship rights to their free population, and in Athens these rights were combined with a directly democratic form of government that was to have a long afterlife in political thought and history.
In contrast, Rome developed from a monarchy into a republic, governed by a senate dominated by the Roman aristocracy. The Roman political system contributed to the development of law, constitutionalism and to the distinction between the private and the public spheres.
The state-system of feudal Europe was an unstable configuration of suzerains and anointed kings. A monarch, formally at the head of a hierarchy of sovereigns, was not an absolute power who could rule at will; instead, relations between lords and monarchs were mediated by varying degrees of mutual dependence, which was ensured by the absence of a centralized system of taxation. This reality ensured that each ruler needed to obtain the 'consent' of each estate in the realm. This was not quite a 'state' in the Weberian sense of the term, since the king did not monopolize either the power of lawmaking (which was shared with the church) or the means of violence (which were shared with the nobles).
The formalization of the struggles over taxation between the monarch and other elements of society (especially the nobility and the cities) gave rise to what is now called the Standestaat, or the state of Estates, characterized by parliaments in which key social groups negotiated with the king about legal and economic matters. These estates of the realm sometimes evolved in the direction of fully-fledged parliaments, but sometimes lost out in their struggles with the monarch, leading to greater centralization of lawmaking and coercive (chiefly military) power in his hands. Beginning in the 15th century, this centralizing process gave rise to the absolutist state.
The rise of the "modern state" as a public power constituting the supreme political authority within a defined territory is associated with western Europe's gradual institutional development beginning in earnest in the late 15th century, culminating in the rise of absolutism and capitalism.
As Europe's dynastic states — England under the Tudors, Spain under the Habsburgs, and France under the Bourbons — embarked on a variety of programs designed to increase centralized political and economic control, they increasingly exhibited many of the institutional features that characterize the "modern state." This centralization of power involved the delineation of political boundaries, as European monarchs gradually defeated or co-opted other sources of power, such as the Church and lesser nobility. In place of the fragmented system of feudal rule, with its often indistinct territorial claims, large, unitary states with extensive control over definite territories emerged. This process gave rise to the highly centralized and increasingly bureaucratic forms of absolute monarchical rule of the 17th and 18th centuries, when the principal features of the contemporary state system took form, including the introduction of a standing army, a central taxation system, diplomatic relations with permanent embassies, and the development of state economic policy—mercantilism.
Cultural and national homogenization figured prominently in the rise of the modern state system. Since the absolutist period, states have largely been organized on a national basis. The concept of a national state, however, is not synonymous with nation-state. Even in the most ethnically homogeneous societies there is not always a complete correspondence between state and nation, hence the active role often taken by the state to promote nationalism through emphasis on shared symbols and national identity.
It is in this period that the term "the state" is first introduced into political discourse in more or less its current meaning. Although Niccolò Machiavelli is often credited with first using the term to refer to a territorial sovereign government in the modern sense in The Prince, published in 1532, it is not until the time of the British thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and the French thinker Jean Bodin that the concept in its current meaning is fully developed.
Today, most Western states more or less fit the influential definition of the state in Max Weber's Politics as a Vocation. According to Weber, the modern state monopolizes the means of legitimate physical violence over a well-defined territory. Moreover, the legitimacy of this monopoly itself is of a very special kind, "rational-legal" legitimacy, based on impersonal rules that constrain the power of state elites.
However, in some other parts of the world states do not fit Weber's definition as well. They may not have a complete monopoly over the means of legitimate physical violence over a definite territory, or their legitimacy may not be adequately described as rational-legal. But they are still recognizably distinct from feudal and absolutist states in the extent of their bureaucratization and their reliance on nationalism as a principle of legitimation.
Since Weber, an extensive literature on the processes by which the "modern state" emerged from the feudal state has been generated. Marxist scholars, for example, assert that the formation of modern states can be explained primarily in terms of the interests and struggles of social classes.
Scholars working in the broad Weberian tradition, by contrast, have often emphasized the institution-building effects of war. For example, Charles Tilly has argued that the revenue-gathering imperatives forced on nascent states by geopolitical competition and constant warfare were mostly responsible for the development of the centralized, territorial bureaucracies that characterize modern states in Europe. States that were able to develop centralized tax-gathering bureaucracies and to field mass armies survived into the modern era; states that were not able to do so did not.
Some Marxist theorists, such as Antonio Gramsci, have questioned the distinction between the state and civil society altogether, arguing that the former is integrated into many parts of the latter. Others, such as Louis Althusser, maintain that civil organizations such as churches, schools, and even trade unions are part of an 'ideological state apparatus.' In this sense, the state can fund a number of groups within society that, while autonomous in principle, are dependent on state support.
Given the role that many social groups have in the development of public policy and the extensive connections between state bureaucracies and other institutions, it has become increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries of the state. Privatization, nationalization, and the creation of new regulatory bodies also change the boundaries of the state in relation to society. Often the nature of quasi-autonomous organizations is unclear, generating debate among political scientists on whether they are part of the state or civil society. Some political scientists thus prefer to speak of policy networks and decentralized governance in modern societies rather than of state bureaucracies and direct state control over policy. Alfred Stepan also introduced the idea of `political society' those organisations that move periodically between the state and non-state sectors (such as Political Parties). Whaites has argued that in developing countries there are dangers inherent in promoting strong civil society where states are weak, risks that should be considered and mitigated by those funding civil society or advocating its role as an alternative source of service provision.
These states form what International relations theorists call a system, where each state takes into account the behavior of other states when making their own calculations. From this point of view, states embedded in an international system face internal and external security and legitimation dilemmas. Recently the notion of an "international community" has been developed to refer to a group of states who have established rule, procedures, and institutions for the conduct of their relations. In this way the foundation has been laid for international law, diplomacy, formal regimes, and organizations.
The legal criteria for statehood are not obvious. Often, the laws are surpassed by political circumstances. However, one of the documents often quoted on the matter is the Montevideo Convention from 1933, the first article of which states:
Each of these theories has been employed to gain understanding on the state, while recognizing its complexity. Several issues underlie this complexity. First, the boundaries of the state sector are not clearly defined, while they change constantly. Second, the state is not only the site of conflict between different organizations, but also internal conflict and conflict within organizations. Some scholars speak of the 'state's interest,' but there are often various interests within different parts of the state that are neither solely state-centered nor solely society-centered, but develop between different groups in civil society and different state actors.
Within this tradition, Robert Dahl sees the state as either (1) a neutral arena for settling disputes among contending interests or (2) a collection of agencies which themselves act as simply another set of interest groups. With power diffused across society among many competing groups, state policy is a product of recurrent bargaining. Although pluralism recognizes the existence of inequality, it asserts that all groups have an opportunity to pressure the state. The pluralist approach suggests that the modern democratic state's actions are the result of pressures applied by a variety of organized interests. Dahl called this kind of state a polyarchy.
In some ways, the development of the pluralist school is a response to the "power elite" theory presented in 1956 by the sociologist C. Wright Mills concerning the U.S. and furthered by research by G. William Domhoff, among others. In that theory, the most powerful elements of the political, military, and economic parts of U.S. society are united at the top of the political system, acting to serve their common interests. The "masses" were left out of the political process. In context, it might said that Mills saw the U.S. elite as in part being very similar to that of the Soviet Union, then the major geopolitical rival of the U.S. One response was the sociologist Arnold M. Rose's publication of The Power Structure: Political Process in American Society in 1967. He argued that the distribution of power in the U.S. was more diffuse and pluralistic in nature.
The importance of democratic elections of political leaders in the U.S. (and not the Soviet Union) provides evidence in favor of the pluralist perspective for that country. We might reconcile power elite theory with pluralism in terms of Joseph Schumpeter's theory of democracy. To him, "democracy" involved the (non-elite) masses choosing which elite would have the power.
The absence of democratic elections do not rule out pluralism, however. The old Soviet Union is sometimes described as being ruled by an elite, which ran society via a bureaucracy which united the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the military, and Gosplan, the economic planning apparatus. However, bureaucratic rule from above is never perfect. This meant that, so to some extent, Soviet policies reflected a pluralistic competition of interest groups within the Party, the military, and Gosplan, including factory managers.
For Marxist theorists, the role of modern states is determined or related to their role in capitalist societies. They would agree with Weber on the crucial role of coercion in defining the state. (In fact, Weber himself starts his analysis with a quotation from Leon Trotsky, a Bolshevik leader.) But Marxists reject the mainstream liberal view that the state is an institution established in the collective interest of society as a whole (perhaps by a social contract) to reconcile competing interests in the name of the common good. Contrary to the pluralist vision, the state is not a mere "neutral arena for settling disputes among contending interests" because it leans heavily to support one interest group (the capitalists) alone. Nor does the state usually act as merely a "collection of agencies which themselves act as simply another set of interest groups," again because of the state's systematic bias toward serving capitalist interests.
In contrast to liberal or pluralist views, the American economist Paul Sweezy and other Marxian thinkers have pointed out that the main job of the state is to protect capitalist property rights in the means of production. At first, this seems hardly controversial. After all, many economics and politics textbooks refer to the state's crucial role in defending property rights and in enforcing contracts. But the capitalists own a share of the means of production that is far out of proportion to the capitalists' role in the total population. More importantly, in Marxian theory, ownership of the means of production gives that minority social power over those who do not own the means of production (the workers). Because of that power, i.e., the power to exploit and dominate the working class, the state's defense of them is nothing but the use of coercion to defend capitalism as a class society. Instead of serving the interests of society as a whole, in this view the state serves those of a small minority of the population.
Among Marxists, as with other topics, there are many debates about the nature and role of the capitalist state. One division is between the "instrumentalists" and the "structuralists."
On the first, some contemporary Marxists apply a literal interpretation of the comment by Marx and Frederich Engels in The Communist Manifesto that "The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie." In this tradition, Ralph Miliband argued that the ruling class uses the state as its instrument (tool) to dominate society in a straightforward way. For Miliband, the state is dominated by an elite that comes from the same background as the capitalist class and therefore shares many of the same goals. State officials therefore share the same interests as owners of capital and are linked to them through a wide array of interpersonal and political ties. In many ways, this theory is similar to the "power elite" theory of C. Wright Mills.
Miliband's research is specific to the United Kingdom, where the class system has traditionally been integrated strongly into the educational system (Eton, Oxbridge, etc.) and social networks. In the United States, the educational system and social networks are more heterogeneous and seem less class-dominated to many. But a social connection between state managers and the capitalist class can be seen in the dependence of the major politicians and their parties on campaign contributions from the rich, on approval from the capitalist-owned media, on advice from corporate-endowed "think tanks," and the like.
In the second view, other Marxist theorists argue that the exact names, biographies, and social roles of those who control the state are irrelevant. Instead, they emphasize the structural role of the state's activities. Heavily influenced by the French philosopher Louis Althusser, Nicos Poulantzas, a Greek neo-Marxist theorist argued that capitalist states do not always act on behalf of the ruling class, and when they do, it is not necessarily the case because state officials consciously strive to do so, but because the structural position of the state is configured in such a way to ensure that the interests of capital are always dominant.
Poulantzas' main contribution to the Marxian literature on the state was the concept of relative autonomy of the state: state policies do not correspond exactly to the collective or long-term interests of the capitalist class, but help maintain and preserve capitalism over the long haul. The "power elite," if one exists, may act in ways that go against the wishes of capitalists. While Poulantzas' work on 'state autonomy' has served to sharpen and specify a great deal of Marxist literature on the state, his own framework came under criticism for its "structural functionalism."
But this kind of criticism can be answered by considering what happens if state managers do not work to favor the operations of capitalism as a class society. They find that the economy are punished by a capital strike or capital flight, encouraging higher unemployment, a decline in tax receipts, and international financial problems. The decline in tax revenues makes it more necessary to borrow from the bourgeoisie. Because the latter will charge high interest rates (especially to a government seen as hostile), the state's financial problems deepen. Such events might be seen in Chile in 1973, under Salvador Allende's Unidad Popular government. Added to the relatively "automatic" workings of the economy (under the spur of profit-seeking businesses) are the ways in which an anti-capitalist government provokes anti-government conspiracies, including those by the Central Intelligence Agency and local political forces, as actually happened in 1973.
Unless they are ready to actually mobilize the working population to revolutionize society and move beyond capitalism, "sober" state managers will pull back from anti-capitalist policies. In any event, they would likely never go so far as to "rock the boat" because of their acceptance of the dominant ideology encouraged by the prevailing educational system.
Despite the debates among Marxist theorists of the state, there are also many agreements. It is possible that both "instrumental" and "structural" forces encourage political unity of the state managers with the capitalist class. That is, both the personal influence of capitalists and the societal constraints on state activity play a role.
Of course, no matter how strong this link, the Marx-Engels dictum that "The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie" does not say that the executive will always do a good job in such management. (As Poulantzas pointed out, the state maintains some autonomy.) First, there is the problem of reconciling the particular interests of individual capitalist organizations with each other. For example, different parts of the media may disagree on the nature of needed government regulations. Further, it is often unclear what the long-run class interests of capitalists are, beyond the simple defense of capitalist property rights. It may be impossible to discover class interests until after the fact, i.e., after a policy has been implemented. Third, state managers may use their administrative power to serve their own interests and even to facilitate their entrance into the capitalist class.
Finally, pressure from working-class organizations (labor unions, social-democratic parties, etc.) or other non-capitalist forces (environmentalists, etc.) may push the state from toeing the capitalist "line" exactly. In the end, these problems imply that the state will always have some autonomy from obeying the exact wishes of the capitalist class.
In this view, the Marxian theory of the state does not really contradict the pluralist vision of the state as an arena for the contention of many interest groups, including those based in the state itself. Rather, the Marxian proposition is that this multi-sided competition and its results are strongly biased in the direction of reproducing the capitalist system over time.
It should be emphasized that all of the Marxist theories of the state discussed above refer only to the capitalist state in normal times (without civil war and the like). During a period of economic and social crisis, the absolute need to maintain order may raise the power of the military -- and military goals -- in governmental affairs, sometimes even leading to the violation of capitalist property rights.
In a non-capitalist system such as feudalism, Marxian historians have said that the state did not really exist in the sense that it does today (using Weber's definition). That is, the central state did not monopolize force in a specific geographic area. The feudal king typically had to depend on the military power of his "lieges." This meant that the country was more of an alliance than a unified whole. Further, the difference between the state and civil society was weak: the feudal lords were not simply involved in "economic" activity (production, sale, etc.) but also "political" activity: they used force against their serfs (to extract rents), while acting as judge, jury, and police.
Getting further beyond capitalism, Marxist theory says that since the state is central to protecting class inequality, it will "wither away" once class inequality of power is abolished. In practice, no self-styled Marxist leader or government has ever made attempts to move toward a society without a state. Of course, that is to be expected. After all, no society has ever completely abolished classes. In addition, no self-described "socialist" country has been able to do without a military defense against capitalist invasion or destabilization. Third, in Marxian theory, impetus for the abolition of the state would not come from the leaders or the government themselves as much as from the working people that they are supposed to represent.
Thus, they oppose the state as a matter of principle and reject the Marxian view that it may be needed temporarily as part of a transition to socialism or communism. They propose different strategies for the elimination of the state. There is a dichotomy of views regarding its replacement. Anarcho-capitalists envision a free market guided by the invisible hand offering critical or valuable functions traditionally provided by to replace the state; other anarchists (such as Bakunin and Kropotkin in the 19th century) tend to put less emphasis on markets, arguing for a form of socialism without the state. Such socialism would require worker self-management of the means of production and the federation of worker organizations in communes which will then federate into larger units.
Anarchists consider the state to be the institutionalization of domination and privilege. According to key theorists, the state emerged to ratify and deepen the dominance of the victors of history. Unlike Marxists, anarchists believe that the state, while reflecting social interests, is not a mere executive committee of the ruling class. In itself, without class rule, it is a position of power over the whole society that can dominate and exploit society. Naturally enough, many fractions of the ruling classes and even the oppressed classes strive to control the state, forming different and ever-changing alliances. They also reject the need for a state to serve the collective needs of the people. Hence, they reject not only the current state, but the Marxian idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat). Instead, they see the state as an inherently oppressive force which takes away the ability of people to make decisions about the things that affect their lives.
In particular, the "new institutionalism," an approach to politics that holds that behavior is fundamentally molded by the institutions in which it is embedded, asserts that the state is not an 'instrument' or an 'arena' and does not 'function' in the interests of a single class. Scholars working within this approach stress the importance of interposing civil society between the economy and the state to explain variation in state forms.
"New institutionalist" writings on the state, such as the works of Theda Skocpol, suggest that state actors are to an important degree autonomous. In other words, state personnel have interests of their own, which they can and do pursue independently (at times in conflict with) actors in society. Since the state controls the means of coercion, and given the dependence of many groups in civil society on the state for achieving any goals they may espouse, state personnel can to some extent impose their own preferences on civil society.
'New institutionalist' writers, claiming allegiance to Weber, often utilize the distinction between 'strong states' and 'weak states,' claiming that the degree of 'relative autonomy' of the state from pressures in society determines the power of the state—a position that has found favor in the field of international political economy.
These and other early thinkers introduced two important concepts in order to justify sovereign power: the idea of a state of nature and the idea of a social contract. The first concept describes an imagined situation in which the state - understood as a centralized, coercive power - does not exist, and human beings have all their natural rights and powers; the second describes the conditions under which a voluntary agreement could take human beings out of the state of nature and into a state of civil society. Depending on what they understood human nature to be and the natural rights they thought human beings had in that state, various writers were able to justify more or less extensive forms of the state as a remedy for the problems of the state of nature. Thus, for example, Hobbes, who described the state of nature as a "war of every man, against every man, argued that sovereign power should be almost absolute since almost all sovereign power would be better than such a war, whereas John Locke, who understood the state of nature in more positive terms, thought that state power should be strictly limited. Both of them nevertheless understood the powers of the state to be limited by what rational individuals would agree to in a hypothetical or actual social contract.
The idea of the social contract lent itself to more democratic interpretations than Hobbes or Locke would have wanted. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, for example, argued that the only valid social contract would be one were individuals would be subject to laws that only themselves had made and assented to, as in a small direct democracy. Today the tradition of social contract reasoning is alive in the work of John Rawls and his intellectual heirs, though in a very abstract form. Rawls argued that rational individuals would only agree to social institutions specifying a set of inviolable basic liberties and a certain amount of redistribution to alleviate inequalities for the benefit of the worst off. Lockean state of nature reasoning, by contrast, is more common in the libertarian tradition of political thought represented by the work of Robert Nozick. Nozick argued that given the natural rights that human beings would have in a state of nature, the only state that could be justified would be a minimal state whose sole functions would be to provide protection and enforce agreements.
Some contemporary thinkers, such as Michel Foucault, have argued that political theory needs to get away from the notion of the state: "We need to cut off the king's head. In political theory that has still to be done. By this he meant that power in the modern world is much more decentralized and uses different instruments than power in the early modern era, so that the notion of a sovereign, centralized state is increasingly out of date.
Others have advocated the consideration of the state within the context of complex underlying elite relationships, themselves shaped by factors that include outside pressures. This work has been prominent in the thinking of State-building theorists such as Alan Whaites, who focuses on dynamics shaping the nature and capability of states. Whaites' model of state-building offers a conceptualization of why some states work well and others become characterized by patronage, corruption and conflict.


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Natalie Roos
Natalie Roos' body was born in Johannesburg… but her soul was always Capetonian. At the age of 14, Natalie started work in the television industry, presenting popular local kids TV show, KTV. Ten years and another TV job later (presenting celebrity gossip show JIP on Afrikaans music channel MK), Natalie made the move down to Cape Town where she started her blog, Tails of a Mermaid (www.tailsofamermaid.com). Her love for the internet and all things communication-driven became a natural progression to a career in Social Media, where she worked in an agency managing the online presence, content and reputation of various brands.
Natalie's passions include cats, communication and Cape Town.
Natalie Roos's Latest Articles
10 Great spots to celebrate Valentine's DayFebruary is, of course, the month of love and what better place to get romantic than in the Mother City, #lovecapetown? This city is the romantic's paradise, with some of the world's most beautiful views, top restaurants and idyllic picnic spots. Still stuck for ideas on how to show your crush, partner of friend that you love them? We might be able to help.
5 Reasons You Should Vote for Cape Town to be the World's Most Sustainable CityWe're super proud to announce that the Mother City has been named as a finalist in the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 'We Love Cities' campaign as part of the Earth Hour City Challenge!
Festival Season in Cape TownFestival season in Cape Town means weekends of local music, camping with friends, relaxing in rivers and enjoying the summer sun. The 2014 festival season in upon us, so here is a list of my three favourites that are not to be missed.
Snorkeling with Cape Fur Seals in #lovecapetownThink "adventure in Cape Town" and your first thoughts will probably be along the lines of shark cage diving, hiking up Table Mountain and kite surfing in Blouberg. Now there's a new activity to add to your adventure bucket list.
Natalie Roos's Top 5 nightlife spots for summer 2013There's always something going on in Cape Town, but the city really comes into its own in summer. The energy and vibe are contagious and you can feel the excitement in the warm air. In winter I tend to hibernate but now that summer is here, it's time to haul out the dresses from the back of my closet and get out on the town. Anyone visiting Cape Town could easily be overwhelmed with the various options, so here are a couple my favourite spots to spend summer evenings.
SANParks Smitswinkel Bay Tented CampAs you make your way from Cape Town to Cape Point, you pass through the quaint harbor village of Kalk Bay, winding along through the naval-themed Simon's Town and around the bend past Smitswinkel Bay. To your left, a jewel-coloured bay overlooked by a slope dotted with ramshackle houses takes your breath away. Just past this, on your right, lies the entrance to the SANParks Smitswinkel Bay Tented Camp.
Cape Town welcomes 2014 in styleIf you were in Cape Town on the 31st of December 2013, you would have heard the music, the shouts of excitement and the official countdown to 2014 ringing out though the streets as the Mother City welcomed the new year in style.
Take to the skies to view the Mother CityThere are many ways to see the Mother City. From the top of Table Mountain, from the deep blue of the Atlantic Ocean or from the winding roads that weave across the city…but the very best way to marvel at the majesty of Cape Town must be from the sky!


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As if three crazy kids weren't enough for The Middle's harried mom, Frankie Heck (Patricia Heaton). The recently anointed dental assistant will gain another immature charge on the April 10 episode of the ABC comedy: her new boss, Ted Goodwin, DDS, played by 30 Rock alum Jack McBrayer."He's a man-child," McBrayer says. "He's a very good dentist, but he's just not able to take care of himself or his office." (Which explains the Converse Chuck Taylors hanging from his coat rack.) "Frankie is going to mother him to success. It's going to be just what the doctor ordered."For Ted, at least. McBrayer, who's returning for a second episode in May, admits Dr. Goodwin is not the kind of dentist he would choose. "I need a stoic, very professional dentist," he says. "Just take care of my mouth!" Subscribe to TV Guide Magazine now!
View original First Look: Jack McBrayer Finds the Middle Ground at TVGuide.com
Other Links From TVGuide.com


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When Eddie "Gonzo" Gilman, a rebellious journalist, is ousted from his prep school's newspaper by its incredibly popular editor, he starts an underground movement to give a voice to misfits everywhere. But when the power of the press is finally in Eddie's hands, he is confronted with the awesome responsibility that comes with it.
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Cast: Campbell Scott, Judah Friedlander, Amy Sedaris, Jesse McCartney, Zoë Kravitz
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Directed by: Bryan Goluboff
Written by: Bryan Goluboff
Running time: 1hr 34min
Opens: Sep 09, 2011 Limited


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Pushed is a highly functional WordPress theme that has a custom homepage with a featured area powered by jQuery, and lovely homepage design as well as many other page templates. Pushed provides you with a wonderful toolbox to set up you website quickly and painlessly. You can have your Company website, Blog, Portfolio website up and running in no time. There are multiple skin combinations that can be made so that your website looks unique.
Key Features of Pushed:
- Numerous style combinations: 2 Main skins ( Dark And Light ), 7 additional colors, Alternative backgrounds
- Custom Widgets (Google Maps, Twitter, Custom categories widget)
- Recent posts slider on your homepage that can be turned on or off
- Custom post types for most of your content (Posts, Slides, Testimonials, Projects, Pages) are all separate content types.
- Shortcodes for easier content formatting
- Different page templates: Services, Testimonials, Tour page, Contact page, Wide page
- You can modify the layout (left/right sidebar, homepage layout ) trough the theme options page.
- .psd Files for easy customization
- Working contact form
- Sortable portfolios
- Lightbox integration
- Homepage slider with video support and three layouts
- Valid and semantic coding
If you need to check out different styles you can access a styleswitcher by clicking the logo. It's for the live demo only and not actually present in the download.
Here are some possible style combinations:
- Light, Violet, Latex
- Dark, Green, Wood
- Light, Gray, Wood
- Light, Red, Aquarelle
- Dark, Pink, Noise
- Light, Yellow, Gray stripe
- and many more…
Updated 03/05/2011
- The theme was updated due to the new custom post type archives in WordPress 3.1. Please read the changelog.txt file in the help folder before updating.
Hey Buyers, I appreciate your ratings even if they are not 5 stars. However, you are more than welcome to drop me a letter or a comment saying why you rate lower so I can improve my file! Thanks!


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Previously, we bolted on American Racing Headers' stainless long-tube headers and cross-pipe into a 2014 Corvette ("Better Breathing Stingray," May '14). We got substantial gains on the dyno and a significant reduction in elapsed time at the track. The exhaust changes laid the groundwork for future mods, so as soon as we learned Comp Cams introduced a new line of Gen V camshafts, we had to get one.
Comp's new bumpsticks are designed to work with the direct injection, VVT (Variable Valve Timing), and AFM (Active Fuel Management) lifters featured in GM's Gen V (LT1/L83/L86) engines. As this was being written, there were four grinds, two for the 2014 Corvette's engine and two more suitable for the truck version.
Matt Hauffe and his experienced staff at Tune Time Performance (Lakewood, New Jersey) would handle their first LT1 cam swap on Matt's new 2014 Corvette. This was to become a good learning experience for future swaps that TTP will perform on the redesigned C7 and LT1. While we love a good track test, this install happened in the dead of New Jersey's winter, so this month you'll have to be satisfied with just a dyno test. As soon as the 'strip opens, we'll be shooting for 10s. For now, follow along for another new adventure with the C7 Corvette.
1. The Tune Time Performance (TTP) 2014 Corvette is a pretty sweet test mule. It will receive lots of upgrades and more testing over the course of its life. Here, Matt Hauffe eagerly begins to dive in to his personal C7 Corvette. When we put in our parts order, Comp informed us we were the first publication to request one of its new XFI AFM (Active Fuel Management) hydraulic roller camshafts designed for the new Gen V LT1.
2. Tune Time's top tech, Justin Knapp, begins the teardown. At this point, the valve covers, coils, air intake, and electric and vacuum connections were removed. Check out the 2014 Corvette's unique intake manifold, throttle body, cylinder head, and valvetrain layout.
3-4. With the belts and hoses disconnected, the water pump housing can easily be removed for access to the timing cover. The sway bar and the C7 Corvette's new electric steering rack were removed for access to the harmonic balancer.
5. It was a welcome sight to see a keyway groove in the LT1's balancer. No more drilling and pinning the crank and balancer when upgrading to a belt-driven supercharger.
6. Unfortunately the LT1 timing cover and oil pan do not utilize reusable gaskets like the LS engine family. Notice the gray-colored RTV silicone. The dry-sump pan needs to be dropped in order to move the oil pump forward for removal of the cam phaser gear and timing chain. Another reason the oil pump needs to be out of the way is to see and line up the dots on the timing gears and/or degree the cam.
7. Comp offers four different cam grinds of its new XFI series GM Gen V camshafts that work with the new LT1's direct injection, AFM (Active Fuel Management) lifters, and VVT (Variable Valve Timing). We chose the most aggressive grind of the four. It specs out at 0.572/0.529-inch lift intake/exhaust, 224/236 intake/exhaust duration at 0.050 inch, with a 118 lobe separation (PN 624-536-13). Comp rates the power range from 2,000 to 7,100 rpm, with outstanding top-end power. We couldn't wait to find out! Each of the four cam grinds will require custom tuning.
8. Notice the lower lobe has three noses. This triangular-shaped lobe is for the direct-injection (DI) fuel pump. This (DI) tri-lobe is unique to the new Gen V family.
9. A notable advancement in camshaft design for the Gen V is that the cam lobes feature a larger base circle and a wider ramp (nose) for the AFM deactivation cylinders. Another benefit of the larger lobe is faster valve action (opening and closing), along with less stress for better durability on the valvetrain parts.
10. This is after we removed the timing chain and phaser gear without removing the oil pump (for now). As mentioned earlier, we'll need to remove the oil pump and dry-sump pan to install the cam and timing set.
11. The light is shining on the DI fuel pump. It presses down on the cam's DI tri-lobe and needs to be removed to slip out of the old cam (and slip in the new one).
12. The DI fuel pump has a spring at its bottom to put pressure on its lifter. The pump's spring has a function similar to a valvespring.
13. The camshaft was rotated to raise up the lifters. Then we placed the wooden dowels underneath to hold the lifters up in place. This dowel trick worked on the LS engine, and now the LT1 for camshaft swaps. Here are the specs of the stock stick: 0.551/.524-inch lift, 200/207 duration at 0.050-inch intake exhaust, with a 116.5 lobe separation. Comparing the specs, it looks like the additional duration (26 degrees intake, 29 degrees exhaust) from the new camshaft should broaden the powerband and raise peak power from 5,800-6,000 rpm (stock) to somewhere in the area of the mid-6,000.
14. This Comp Phaser Limiter Kit (PN 5456) is required with use of the new Comp XFI Series camshaft. The Phaser Limiter will limit the range of camshaft movement from 62 (stock) to 22 crank degrees, thus requiring VVT program tuning. This kit contains the special tools to safely disassemble the cam phaser and install the cam phaser limiter block.
15. With the cam phaser kit tools installed, the phaser was safely disassembled to install the limiter block. The limiter block will mechanically limit the camshaft movement, making it safer when running a big cam and helping to prevent valve-to-piston contact at high rpm.


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Oct 17, 2008
LEGOWORLD 2008 (day 1)
Today was the first day of LEGOWORLD 2008.
At the MINDSTORMS booth we had a visit of Søren Lund (former Marketing Director MINDSTORMS), and I could show him and his family:
The NXT-sans (an underwater excavator build for NI-week). We displayed it inside a large tank of water. (do not put motors or other electrical LEGO parts under water at home!)
Also an almost 3 meter high ferries wheel, as part of a MGBC (Much Greater Ball Contraption= GBC with MINDSTORMS balls), the balls are first put in a basket that is picked up by the wheel, for a round, to clear out the basket at the other end. There the balls continue their journey in a train.
Most of the books (including a pre-press version of the One-Kit Wonders) are available for a look inside, and several models can be seen in real live.
You can play with the new WEDO form LEGO Education.
Various line followers are shown, and a copy of Steve's Hassenplugs P-Sumo.
See you there...
Posted by: Robotica at 8:04 AM
Labels: 2008, LEGOWORLD, NI Week 08
4 comments:
- Robotica said...
a youtube movie of the MGBC giant wheel
build by Eric.
- Oct 17, 2008, 9:10:00 AM
- Brian Davis said...
Having watched that YT video, I'm very curious how you build or transport something like that. My entire collection wouldn't be enough to duplicate it - but that's "just parts". I'm curious how large a workspace it takes to construct on that scale, and how such behemoth projects are transported and set up.
- Oct 17, 2008, 11:07:00 PM
- Robotica said...
we build extream modular.
the wheel was build in two halfs and connected at the show.
the pillars and the spokes and center were all separate parts, the complete, surrounding track is modular, like the GBC. The most of the baseplate models have a max dimension of 2x3 32 baseplates.
we love to build big....
- Oct 18, 2008, 5:47:00 AM
- Fay Rhodes said...
That is positively mind-boggling!
- Oct 18, 2008, 8:47:00 PM
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Future World
Kids, Tweens, Teens, Adults
Dark, Spinning, Thrill Ride
Accessibility and Other Information - Opens a dialog
Due to the nature of the experience, service animals are not permitted on this attraction.
Fulfill your fantasy of being an astronaut as you dodge meteors, navigate nebulae and slingshot around the moon.
Before you board, actor Gary Sinise briefs you as you prepare for your mission to Mars on the X-2 Deep Space Shuttle at the International Space Training Center (ISTC). Each member of your 4-cadet crew will assume an important role: navigator, pilot, commander or engineer. During your flight, each cadet will be instructed to initiate a mission-critical sequence, so be prepared!
Board your vessel, lower your harness and brace yourself for the incredible force of lift-off. Get goose bumps as you arc around the moon and then hold on tight as you attempt a precarious precision landing on the Red Planet's alien surface.
Your crew is counting on you to do your part to ensure a successful mission and a safe trip back to Earth!
Mars-bound cadets can choose from 2 levels of training. Both offer the same training mission but differ in intensity. The Orange Team is the more intense training experience, while the Green Team is less intense.
The Orange Team experience uses a centrifuge that spins and tilts to simulate speed and G-forces during launch and re-entry. The Green Team experience is a motion simulator ride that does not spin and is less likely to cause motion sickness.
If you are prone to motion sickness or uncertain about which level to choose, you should opt for the Green Team for a less intense but still thoroughly exhilarating experience.
As early as 30 days in advance, you can secure a time for this or other attractions that offer FastPass+ service. And with a Walt Disney World Resort hotel reservation and valid theme park admission, make selections up to 60 days before your check-in date.
To have a greater variety of options to choose from, we suggest you make FastPass+ selections early. Or if you prefer, simply decide as you go and use the My Disney Experience mobile app to view real-time wait times for standby entrances.
Valid theme park admission required. FastPass+ attractions and entertainment experiences, the number of selections you can make and available arrival windows are limited. Certain MyMagic+ features and benefits require online registration.
Your journey to Mars begins at Planetary Plaza, where you'll find inspirational quotes from pioneers of space travel.
From there, make your way to the Simulation Lab, which houses a 35-foot-tall gravity wheel like the kind NASA uses to simulate gravity in deep space. A genuine NASA Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV), one of only 4 in existence, is also on display, on loan from the Smithsonian. Then pass by the Command Room, a glass bullpen where ISTC mission-control personnel are hard at work, manning their control panels.
As you prepare to come face to face with outer space, browse astronaut memorabilia and plaques commemorating notable firsts in space exploration: the first man in space, the first man on the moon, even the first family in space!
Those who wish to withdraw from the mission at this time can head directly to the Mission: SPACE Advanced Training Lab, an interactive space-themed play area where the rest of your crew will reconvene with you after their space odyssey.


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Mrs. Maxine Bross, 89, died Saturday, Sept. 1, 2012 at her residence in Haleyville, Ala.
Funeral services will be held noon Saturday, Sept. 8, 2012 at Welch Funeral Home Chapel.
Burial will follow at Pleasant Ridge Cemetery.
Visitation will be held 10 a.m. to noon Saturday, Sept. 8, 2012 at Welch Funeral Home.
Welch Funeral Home in Starkville is in charge of arrangements.
Mrs. Bross retired with the Defense Plant Factory.
She is survived by her daughters, Barbara Ann Edmonds of Haleyville, Ala. and Betty Alfreda Williams of Flossmoor, Ill.; daughter-in-law, Dorothy Jean Ketchum of O'Fallon, Mo.; 11 grandchildren, 16 great-grandchildren and 10 great-great grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her parents, Andrew Webb and Ada Bell Tyra Webb; husband, Daniel M. Bross; and son, Archie Neal Ketchum.
You can go online and sign the guest register at http://www.welchfuneralhomes.com [1].
[1] http://www.welchfuneralhomes.com


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A cute and crafty addition to your shower décor, this string monogram project comes courtesy of eyeheartprettythings.com. We adore her use of unconventional colors and how she chose to display it on her dessert table. This super easy DIY only requires a few items which cost under $20 dollars – such a steal for such a sweet shower addition! See the easy pictorial directions below:
Here's what you'll need:
- A piece of wood (you could use reclaimed wood or brand new from the hardware store)
- Paper to trace letters
- A ruler
- An Xacto blade (or scissors)
- Nails
- Yarn


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Dive right in and explore multicultural Durban on your first visit. You can experience everything from Indian cuisine to Zulu rituals. Or take note of the city's colonial past, echoed in attractions like the Berea district's Campbell Collections of Dutch Cape objects. You'll be lured back to Durban by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean and the sun-drenched Golden Mile beachfront and promenade.
Visit Durban city centre starting at the Tourist Junction and you'll stumble across Indian architecture and traders before reaching the Durban Art Gallery, home to fine displays of African arts and crafts. On the eastern side stretches the Golden Mile, drawing sunbathers and surfers to its sandy beach and warm waters. Continue south for the shark-rich uShaka Marine World. Or relax in the multimillion-Rand Wilson's Wharf waterfront complex with restaurants, shops, theatre and a marina, all with sea views. If you don't want to compromise the views but prefer the locals' company for dinner, head to the opposite end of the city to the elevated Berea district.
Explore the Golden Mile as you're driven on a rickshaw from Blue Lagoon to Durban Point and pick a spot to soak up the inviting sunshine. Book a tour to see the Campbell Collections of colonial artefacts in the Berea district on the city's western outskirts. Then head to the centrally located Indian District to buy spices and sari fabrics. Notice how truly multicultural Durban is with a stroll along Battery Beach where sangomas Zulu healers might be casting spells next to a Hindu ceremony with surfers in the background.
Come back to Durban to spot herons, go fishing or just to enjoy the tranquillity of Blue Lagoon. Browse the latest arts, crafts and culture at the BAT Centre. Then enjoy sundowners between Zulu dances and live jazz performances on The Esplanade south of the Golden Mile beachfront. Savour African meals under the stars in nearby restaurants or international dishes from a veranda table in buzzing Florida Road.


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Dozens of Activities in one Box!
By Planet Weidknecht
from Pflugerville, TX
About Me Education Oriented, Parent Of Two Or More Children, Preschool Teacher, Working Parent
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Comments about Alphabet Suitcase™:
Learning Resources has created a wonderful new addition to their line of learning toys. Inside the suitcase we discovered an entire literacy center filled with high-gloss die-cuts, letters and activity cards. There are so many ways to use these materials and it can be adapted for varying ages and stages. The letter cards are blue and red, to differentiate the vowels from the consonants. The picture cards have the initial letter printed on the reverse side to help children associate the letter with the picture, as well as provide practice in letter sounds. They are great for providing early vocabulary as well. As a preschool teacher, I think this is a fabulous learning center in a box. It's portable, it's child-sized, it's made of quality materials, and can be adapted to any preschool child's level of learning.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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|Football Bowl Subdivision
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DATE & TIME: Saturday, Nov. 10, 12 p.m. (et).
FACTS & STATS: Site: Memorial Stadium (52,929) -- Bloomington, Indiana. Television: ESPN2. Home Record: Wisconsin 5-1, IU 2-3. Away Record: Wisconsin 1-2, IU 2-2. Neutral Record: Wisconsin 0-0, IU 0-0. Conference Record: Wisconsin 3-2, IU 2-3. Series Record: Wisconsin leads, 37-18-2.
GAME NOTES: Hoping to secure a berth in the Big Ten Championship Game for the second consecutive season, the Wisconsin Badgers pay a visit to Memorial Stadium this Saturday to take on the Indiana Hoosiers.
Bret Bielema has guided Wisconsin to back-to-back Big Ten titles and Rose Bowl appearances, and with a win this week his squad will lock up a spot in this year's Big Ten title tilt to be played in Indianapolis on Dec. 1. Penn State and Ohio State are ahead of Wisconsin in the Leaders Division standings, but both of those schools are ineligible for postseason play due to NCAA sanctions. The Badgers will have had two weeks to prepare for this contest, as they suffered a 16-13 setback to Michigan State prior to last weekend's bye.
This contest marks the final home game of the season for Indiana. The Hoosiers are coming off consecutive wins at Illinois (31-17) and home against Iowa (24-21), the first time they have won back-to-back Big Ten games since 2007. IU needs to win two of its final three games in order to become bowl eligible.
Wisconsin leads the head-to-head series, 37-18-2, after routing IU in Madison last October, 59-7.
The Badgers saw their 21-game home win streak come to an end against Michigan State, as they could hardly get anything going on offense. Redshirt freshman quarterback Joel Stave was 9-of-11 for 127 yards and a touchdown before exiting early in the second half with an injury to his collarbone, which turned out to be season-ending. His absence will put added pressure on Heisman candidate Montee Ball and the running game, which was held to 19 net yards against MSU. After rushing for 10 touchdowns over his previous four games, Ball was held out of the end zone and remains five TDs shy of breaking the NCAA career record of 78, held by Miami-Ohio's Travis Prentice. Just one week earlier against Minnesota, Ball and junior backfield mate James White became the first FBS teammates to eclipse 150 rushing yards in a game this season.
Wisconsin's defense has picked up its play of late, having allowed an average of 14.3 points over its last four Big Ten tilts. The unit now ranks 16th nationally in both total defense (311.3 ypg) and scoring defense (17.6 ppg). In fact, six of the team's last nine opponents have been held to fewer than 20 points. The Badgers are 45-4 during the Bielema era when allowing 20 points or less. However, one of those four setbacks came in the last outing against Spartans. MSU was kept out of the end zone until Le'Veon Bell's game-tying five-yard touchdown run with 1:08 remaining in the fourth quarter, which capped a 12-play, 75-yard drive. The Spartans won it with a touchdown pass in the extra session, overcoming just 277 yards of total offense for the game.
Despite its sub par record, Indiana has scored at least 24 points in every game this season and a school-record 10 straight overall. The Hoosiers have already eclipsed last season's point total with three games yet to play. They enter the weekend leading the Big Ten in passing offense (299.9 ypg), while ranking second in total offense (446.7 ypg) and sacks allowed (1.33), and third in scoring offense (33.1 ppg). Cameron Coffman completed 21-of-33 passes for a career-high 315 yards and three TDs against Iowa. All three of those touchdown passes went to Cody Latimer, who finished with 113 yards on seven receptions to earn co-Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week honors. Teammate Kofi Hughes tallied six catches for 110 yards, as he and Latimer became the first Hoosiers to go over 100 receiving yards in a Big Ten game since 1992. Running back Stephen Houston was held to 52 yards on 18 carries and saw his touchdown streak ended at nine straight games. He also lost IU's first fumble of the season in the victory.
Indiana currently leads the Big Ten in tackles for loss (7.4 per game) and is third in sacks (2.4). The defense has continued to show improvement as the season has progressed. Over their last three games, the Hoosiers have allowed an average of only 18.3 points and only 173.7 passing yards. They have notched nine sacks, 22 tackles for loss and three fumble recovers in that same span, which included those rare consecutive conference victories. Compare that to the previous three games in which IU allowed an average of 40 points and 275 passing yards en route to three losses. Last week, the unit held Iowa to 96 rushing yards, the first Big Ten opponent the Hoosiers have held below the century mark since Nov. 27, 2010. Defensive tackles Adam Replogle and Larry Black have been a big reason for the recent turnaround, as they are tied for the conference lead among DTs with four sacks and nine TFL each.
While IU has made some strides defensively, it will face a stiff test against Ball and White, both of whom are surely looking to rebound from a tough outing coming off last week's bye. In three career games against the Hoosiers, Ball has averaged 141.3 rushing yards and has scored eight TDs.
Sports Network Predicted Outcome: Wisconsin 27, Indiana 23
Powered by The Sports Network.


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NEW: Time Series Animations Showing Chlorophyll Concentrations Within LME Boundaries
Phytoplankton chlorophyll time-series animations (movies) were constructed for 62 large marine ecosystems (LMEs) for the 15-year period from September 1997 to June 2012 using NASA ocean color satellite data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS-Aqua) sensor. These sensors carried on satellites in daily orbit have provided comprehensive coverage of the world's oceans (McClain, 2004). Ocean color is a key indicator of chlorophyll, phytoplankton abundance and biomass and provides important data about conditions at the base of the oceans' food chain.


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Arizona Wildcats
Cat Tracks: Wildcats hold on to beat Utah to remain undefeated
Sure, you could read the box score and know who won, but we all know that won't tell you everything that happened in a football game. So, we give you 'Cat Tracks', providing you with the analysis, quotes and notes from Arizona's January 5 win over Utah. Arizona 60, Utah 57.
The Good:
The No. 3 Wildcats were able to hold off Utah in exhilarating fashion, improving to a perfect 14-0.
Mark Lyons came up with two clutch free throws for Arizona with just 7.2 seconds remaining to help seal the victory. He finished with 12 points and four assists on the day.
Senior Solomon Hill led the offensive charge for the Wildcats with 19 points and eight rebounds.
The Bad:
Arizona almost squandered a 10 point lead, allowing Utah to close the gap to just one point with 1:07 seconds left in the game. Jarred Dubois missed two three-point attempts, including a long attempt as the clock ran out, giving the Wildcats the win.
Utah's slow pace helped them keep the game tight with Arizona.
Collectively, the Wildcats didn't perform well from the field and the offense lacked cohesiveness. They shot just 36.2 overall and made just 21 field goals.
Nick Johnson had a tough afternoon, going 2-of-9 for seven points.
� Arizona improved to 2-0 in conference play, narrowly winning both games.
� The 'Cats are off to their best start since the 1931-32 season when they recorded 16 consecutive victories.
Coming Up Next:
The Wildcats will travel to Oregon on Thursday night. The game is scheduled to tip-off at 7:00 p.m.


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Moderators: Tonyblack, Jason, Toothy
stripy_tie wrote:high eight wrote:author3 wrote:Yesterday I was in the bookshop and I overheard( ) this woman talking to the owner about Discworld
She told him that she had read all the ''Witch'' books and that she started reading the ''Watch'' one and she said they were really boring and that they have put her off reading the rest of the series
I have absoluteley no idea how anyone could hate the Watch so much that it put her off reading the rest of the series
Probably one of those pagan types who had been recommended the witch books by her local shaman and expected the watch to be more of the same.....
Oh dear lord don't get me started on those people. If you don't have any gods then it's not a religion "the feminine aspect" or whatever doesn't count, the only thing they worship is their own inflated sense of self importance.
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Tone Monk Seed of Life w/Fat OptionThe Tone Monk Seed of Life is a versatile workhorse of an overdrive pedal with enough options to obtain almost any tone desired. Add to this the Fat option, and the Tone Monk Seed of Life becomes the ultimate tone shaping tool in any guitarists arsenal.
Regular Price: $319.00
Special Price: $191.40


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Through our special extended partnerships with certain Museum Gateway institutions, NYU faculty and staff may enjoy free admission at the following museums when they present their NYUCard:
A limited number of free museum passes may be available to faculty and staff — on a first come, first served basis — to the New-York Historical Society, the Museum of the Moving Image, The Museum of the City of New York, and the Museum of Modern Art.
Please contact The Division of Student Affairs ahead of time to request a pass.
Faculty and staff members who are planning to bring a group of students to any of the institutions listed on the Museum Gateway homepage may receive free admission along with their group.
Before your visit, please contact the museum directly to arrange a free tour.
Please note that the list of participating institutions is subject to change and may grow throughout the semester.
NYU students may enjoy free admission at a larger number of cultural institutions.


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Searching By Color
A while back, when I was searching for stock photos for a project, I noticed this little tool as part of the search interface on istockphoto:
I clicked one of the color swatches and recieved this result:
Very cool, an innovative and useful tool. I don't think I've seen the ability to search a photo database by color before. I can't even count how many times I've tweaked an image's overall color to better fit a design - to create more contrast or better match the tone of the rest of the colors in the design.
As I was writing this post, I noticed another helpful part of the search function:
The search returns the keywords most commonly attached to the pictures in your results to help you brainstorm additional terms you could search on. Your search can also include limiting to horizontal or vertical orientated photos, photos/illustrations/vector drawings, and images with people only.
In general, I continue to be impressed by istockphoto -- in addition to reasonable prices and a useful variety of photos, they seem to excel at usable interface design and they foster creativity and interaction in their user group of graphic artists, designers, and photographers. I love the articles, forums (which are always very active and interesting), and artist-of-the-week profiles. This is a great example of a site that nurtures communication with their users and takes their feedback and suggestions to heart with great success.


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Already in his jammies and ready to snuggle, Bedtime Puppy is a sleepy fellow! He's so proud of his sausage dog pajamas that he's been waiting all day to put them on! He has a silky-plush coat that is just made for cuddling. From Jellycat of London, home of the highest quality plush toys.
• All ages.
• Surface washable.
• 9" tall.
• Imported.
Item # TW43119


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Find a Degree
Wondering if USU has the program you want? Maybe you're not even sure where to begin. Whether you're in high school, an undeclared student, thinking about graduate school, or wondering which USU programs are available where you live, your search begins here.
Search By:
Want to use your writing skills? Type in "writing." Love animals and want to see your options in that field? Type in "animals." The options may surprise you.
A-Z Degree List
Here programs are organized alphabetically. You'll also be able to look through all the minors to find the perfect combination.
Other Search Options
Narrow your search by
choosing majors or minors, undergraduate or graduate,
pick a college, or look for programs offered around the state.


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TALLAHASSEE – As millions of families and students pack up for Spring Break road trips, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) wants everyone to stay safe on the roads. FDOT reminds travelers to use its 511 Traveler Information System to get up-to-date traffic reports before hitting the road.
FDOT's 511 system is updated with information on Florida's interstates, toll roads and other major metropolitan roadways, allowing students to hear updates on crashes, congestion, construction and more.
There are four convenient ways for motorists to receive traffic updates:
· Call 511 toll free for updates in English and Spanish.
· Visit FL511.com, with interactive roadway maps showing traffic congestion and crashes, travel times and traffic camera views.
· Download the free Florida 511 mobile app available on Google Play and iTunes.
· Follow one of the 12 statewide, regional or roadway-specific feeds on Twitter.
For those taking to the air or sea during Spring Break, Florida 511 provides free phone transfers to Florida's airports and seaports. If traveling out of state, drivers can transfer to neighboring 511 systems in Georgia and Louisiana to find out if traffic backups lie ahead.
FDOT reminds all travelers to check 511 before hitting the road, have a passenger check 511 while driving or pull over to avoid distracted driving.
Traffic Updates on Twitter
For traffic updates via Twitter, FDOT encourages travelers to follow the Florida 511 Twitter feeds:
- @FL511_State
- @FL511_Northeast
- @FL511_Panhandl
- @FL511_Central
- @FL511_TampaBay
- @FL511_Southeast
- @FL511_Southwest
- @FL511_Turnpike
Safety Tips
· Check 511 before driving, have a passenger check 511 while driving or pull over to avoid distracted driving.
· Always wear a safety belt.
· Don't drink and drive.
Florida 511 Features
· Traffic information on all interstate highways, toll roads and many other metropolitan roadways.
· Commuter travel times and reports on crashes, congestion and construction.
· Public transit, airport and seaport information.
· AMBER, Silver and LEO Alerts (America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response (AMBER) Alerts notify the public of the most serious child-abduction cases. Silver Alerts notify the public when law enforcement agencies are searching for missing adults or citizens with cognitive impairments, including Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. Law Enforcement Officer (LEO) Alerts notify the public when law enforcement officers are searching for an offender(s) who has seriously injured or killed a law enforcement officer.)
· FL511.com provides travel information, traffic camera views and free personalized services, including customized travel routes and e-mail, text and phone call alerts.
· Voice-activated and touch-tone navigation available when calling 511.
· The 511 phone call and FL511.com website are available in English and Spanish.


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Moderators: Jason, Toothy, Tonyblack
Cheery wrote:Just what it says in the title. I'm sure this is not the first joke-thread on the forum, but hell, I'm doing one anyway!
I absulutely stole this one from Hank Green's latest joke-video, but it's just too good to not share it:
"AAAh, a spider just crawled under my keyboard! Okay, I think it's under control..."
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Catch-up wrote:Hope you're feeling better today WW! Sit and read as much as you can. Holding still is the only way to get better.
I'm doing better today, so far, although not taking my own advice. Hoofed it all around to the downtown businesses passing out flyers for the Chamber of Commerce for our Hometown Holidays event. I'm sad because our sushi restaurant is closing. But happy because we have two new boutiques downtown and I got a sneak peek today! Just need to survive Thing 1's riding lesson, then I'll be able to kick back, have a glass of wine and watch Grimm.
Sounds like a good plan.
I had a busy day but hope I can take it easy over the weekend.


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Table of Contents
- Anemia facts
- What is anemia?
- What causes anemia?
- Can inadequate iron cause anemia?
- Can inadequate iron cause anemia? (Continued)
- What about acute (sudden) blood loss as a cause of anemia?
- What are other causes of anemia?
- Can anemia be hereditary?
- What are the symptoms of anemia?
- How is anemia diagnosed?
- What is a complete blood cell (CBC) count?
- How is blood collected for a CBC?
- What is the red blood cell (RBC) count?
- What is hemoglobin?
- What does a low hemoglobin level mean?
- What is the hematocrit?
- How is hematocrit determined?
- How is anemia treated?
- What are the complications of anemia?
- What is the outlook (prognosis) for anemia?
Anemia facts
- Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal.
- For men, anemia is typically defined as hemoglobin level of less than 13.5 gram/100 ml and in women as hemoglobin of less than 12.0 gram/100 ml.
- Anemia is caused by either a decrease in production of red blood cells or hemoglobin, or an increase in loss or destruction of red blood cells.
- Some patients with anemia have no symptoms. Others may feel tired, easily fatigued, appear pale, a feeling of heart racing, short of breath, and/or worsening of heart problems.
- Anemia can be detected by a simple blood test called a complete blood cell count (CBC).
- The treatment of the anemia varies greatly and very much depends on the particular cause. Continue Reading
1/15Reviewed on 7/14/2014
Next: What is anemia?
TOP 10 Anemia Related Articles


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A Fairytale ballet with a Tchaikovsky score that has delighted audiences for over a hundred years. From Petipa's 1890 original, to De Valois' 1946 production, and this 2006 restoration, the best of classical ballet combine in a richly colorful and perennially popular staging.
Rated No Rating .
Visit the official site
Cast: Federico Bonelli, Alina Cojocaru, Genesia Rosato, Elizabeth McGorian, Marianela Nuñez, Alastair Marriott
Produced by:
Directed by:
Written by:
Running time: 2hr 54min
Opens: Oct 09, 2008 Limited