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Rincewind's brother
Rincewind had known it was going to be a bad day as it had started out so well. The Professor of cruel and unusual Geography had just finished a wonderful breakfast of potatoes with masses of fresh slightly salted melting butter. The tea had been splendid and just the right temperature for swallowing without losing the lining of the throat. The toast had been crunchy and warm and even better with a jacket potato on top. He was suddenly aware that things were starting to go wrong when Modo the Dwarf came in with the letters and there was one for him. It caused no small ripple of amazement through the Hall. Arch chancellor Ridcully choked on his wow-wow sauce covered sausage and the Bursar giggled that Rincewind had a girlfriend.
"Mr. Rincewind", the envelope said. Dash it, "Wizard!" The man couldn't even spell!
It read:
Dear Mr. Rincewind,
I am, I believe, your younger brother. I know this must come as a surprise so let me explain.
My mother left me on the door mat of the Guild of Historians. Apparently she had the decency NOT to run away BEFORE I was born! I am sorry, that was a bad pune.
I would very much like to meet my clever and talented elder Brother of whom I hear so much and believe so little!
Why do we not meet up at Mother Borgia's Pantry and we can talk about our lives!
We'll never have enough time!" thought Rincewind
RSVP as the Historians expect that sort of thing!
Please reply by return as I have a student waiting outside.
I remain,
Stuart Rincewind.
"You will go!" boomed the Arch chancellor, after ripping the letter from Rincewind's grip and reading it at speed. Ponder Stibbons looked as if he wished the Arch-chancellor would pay that much attention to all his paperwork.
"Do I HAVE to?"Complained Rincewind.
"YES!" boomed the Arch chancellor which, resulted in the Bursar dropping his wooden spoon, reaching for the dried frog pills and failing. The Doctor of Nice and Cuddly Magic helped him and soon order was restored.
Rincewind entered Mother Borgia's Pantry and realized that either this was a busy shop or the word had got out. The word had got out! There were more Wizards present than usual for a lunch at the University! He pretended he didn't see them and sat at the free table that held the sign "Rincewind Terminus". If the rumours about Mother Borgia were right then the message was not a threat!
The door bell screeched and Rincewind looked over to see a man enter the shop.
"He looks like me! He thought.
The Ankh-Morpork ritual, of checking for poisonous thorns between the fingers was undertaken and hands were shaken. "You look just like me!" stated Rincewind by way of an ice breaker.
"Yes, you look like me!"
"That makes us related then!"
"Possibly!" Rincewind always erred on the side of caution.
"It's nice to know we are related. I thought I was all alone in the world!"
"Get to know me and you will wish you were! Er, nothing! Just deciding what to eat!"
"This is my local. I suggest we have two coffees and a banana sandwich. They are the safest bets!"
"So-" Rincewind paused. "Your name is?"
"Rincewind! Oh, hahaha!"
He laughs like a maniac, thought Rincewind uneasily, I like him!
"Sorry, Stewart 'klatch' Rincewind"
"I have spent some time exploring Klatch and the major parts of the desert."
"Wasn't that rather dangerous?"
"Well, I did have fifteen guides, ninety five camels, three donkeys and a hunting dog."
"Easy then?"
"So, what about you?"
They ignored the spluttering from those around them.
"I am the Professor of Cruel and Unusual Geography. I'm listing some unusual rocks at the moment. The librarian closes the library sometimes so that he can help me. Logging four rocks at a time is quite good going!"
"He is an ape, an Orangutan actually,"
"Aha!" Stewart pulled a wry face. Oh well, they said the Unseen University was full of weirdoes and It looks like they were right. "Well I don't get out much, so I suppose I shouldn't be amazed!"
"Oh be amazed please. But don't ever call him-." He looked around him "Don't ever call him a monkey!"
"Riiight! Listen, the other reason I wanted us to meet is that we have a claim to the lineage of the Royal house of Sto-Lat. You could claim the crown after a short battle that I will - . Rincewind, you've gone white! Are you ill? Listen, once we win the battle we could live a life of luxury -. Rincewind?" He was looking at an empty chair.
Had Rincewind been able to make a cloud of dust appear round his scurrying feet as he ran, then he would have done so. He locked himself in his room at the University, penned a short and rather pointed note that he should take no interest in the Sto-Lat Monarchy and that Stewart could do as he wished. As a WiZZard (two z's note), he should not really liaise with non Wizards!
Rincewind then hid under his bed for the next fortnight until he was certain Stewart had lost interest in him. He was kept fed by the Librarian who shoved slices of cheese under the door.
It was only the Librarian luring Rincewind out with a very large baked jacket-potato smothered in melting chili-cheese, made by Glenda in the Kitchens that finally had Rincewind back to a normal life. Well, normal for him. Cataloguing the rocks and bones in his care and generally not getting in the way of most Wizards: mostly not getting in the way of Arch-chancellor Ridcully! Life returned to a comfortable normality in the University.
"How about a cooling drink? Some mineral water Sam, it's from an Überwaldian spring?"
"No thanks Mustrum, I'm on business!"
"Really? Here? Surely not? At MY University?" No one threatened his University.
Vimes spoke only to stop Ridcully asking short questions. "This request," he handed over the piece of official and headed note-paper, "I thought it was a joke but it appears from my watch in Treacle Mine Road that Rincewind was seen lurching all over the street as if he was drunk. He then disappeared down a nearby alley. This morning the Patrician received that note from the Duchess of Sto Lat and that's why I am here! Some-one, with that description, complete with a few bloodthirsty half crazed non-descript idiots, attempted to storm the castle and take power.
The Patrician and I knew immediately, from the description, just who it was that the Duchess found standing by her bed demanding she handed the title over. And, he even used the name 'Rincewind'!"
"OUR Rincewind?!" for a few moments a truly amazed Ridcully thought of handing over the annoying Rincewind and end the University's long-term problem in one fell swoop: but then Rincewind had saved the world, the Necrocommunicon, and the University more than once so he deserved at least one fair trial before he got to the Patrician and the Scorpion pit! "We'll have to ask him, you know that don't you?"
"Yes. Let's keep this as open as possible!"
"Sam, as much as someone who spells Wizard with a double Z is irritating, I doubt he has been outside the walls of the University for weeks now. He's been stuck in his rooms busy with his rocks and things for a month at least. And he's always present for meals: all nine a day."
Vimes felt faintly sick. How could people eat nine meals a day? People were starving in Howonderland or at least some were going hungry on the Disc and these Wizards were putting food away and probably wasting enough to feed thousands! "Go get him then Mustrum?" he prompted.
Rincewind had just finished logging his 19th thousand rock-let and still had an unknown number of rocks to go. He looked up as Ridcully entered without knocking.
"My office, NOW!" And Ridcully left the room. He was waiting when Rincewind cautiously left the room. "Ah, there you are!" He put his arm around the now alarmed Rincewind.
"Now come along with me, my lad, and we'll have a little talk with Sir Samuel Vimes of the Watch!" Rincewind tried to run. His integral nervous system was already pre-set. It only needed the freedom to move. But Ridcully had him in a tight grip.
Sir Samuel looked in a reasonably good bad mood. Rincewind backed into the pool table.
"Rincewind, I take it. A few questions and we can go! Tell me, where and what have you been doing since your brother was here?"
"How did you know about your – my brother?" stammered Rincewind.
"The Patrician told me and you know he never misses anything!"
"I stayed here! I've got rocks to log you know!"
"And who can corroborate that?"
Rincewind looked confused at the word then understood after Ridcully opened a dictionary and pointed to the word. "The Librarian!"
"ALL the time?"
"Sort of!"
"Sort of? What did you do when he wasn't there?"
"I logged rocks! It's nice and soothing."
"I can get one of my Sergeants to check that fact!"
"Please do!"
Vimes nodded, he didn't need Angua sniff the room over, Rincewind was a coward for the true definition of coward! And he wasn't brave enough to be stupid. "Have you seen your brother lately?"
"I'll speak to the Librarian if that's ok, Mustrum? Thank you, Mr. Rincewind. Two things! Stay in the University until I say otherwise and if your brother tries to contact you, you contact me straight away!"
"No problem!"
No damn it! It wasn't. So where was Rincewind no. 2? "The Librarian, Mustrum?" He hinted
The Library was deserted except for a mound of blankets heaped under the desk and a distant reverberating "ook" echoed amongst the long rows of books.
Vimes had never been in the library before. He felt uneasy around magic and here the books crackled and sparkled as if they lived. He'd be happy to get out. A shadow passed overhead and then the Librarian swung himself elegantly into his seat! He saluted Vimes in a rather sloppy ape way but smart for the ape brain. Vimes was almost tempted to salute back but stopped himself.
"I need you to tell me where Rincewind has been for the last month?"
"Ook, ook!"
"In his room!" translated Ridcully after a little thought.
"And were you with him all the time?"
"Ook, Eek, ook!" his leathery fist hit the table with some power. The wood, ancient already, creaked in pain. "Ook, ook, ook, ook, ook. OOK!"
"Ok, I get the point!"
"Ook!" the leathery hand slapped a smart ape-salute; the Librarian swung himself up into the top row of books from where he let loose a long-blown raspberry!
"I need to find Rincewind 2, Mustrum!" he stated as they left the Library.
"You mean the Patrician insisted you find him?"
"Politics. The Patrician wants to keep us on good terms with Sto Lat and this Rincewind 2 has threatened the peace. The Duchess has threatened all sorts, not that she can do much mind you! Sto Lat owes much of their wealth to Ankh-Morpork."
"What will you do now?"
"Put my best officers on tracking him down. I think he's not far away. He's safe here. He can hide here with ease. I'd like you to put your best Bledlows on it. The minute he shows up we'll have him. I'd like to leave one of my men here - ."
"Some of them are old enough to go to better things without a shock of meeting a werewolf or Vampire!"
"Ok, ok, how about a couple of Gargoyles?"
To be continued…


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Here I Am To Worship - Ministry Videos
Embed heirsofparadise 5503 views 2008-03-17T00:00:00 This video was created for the KidzWorld ministry at my church. You can download a better quality version at www.heirsofparadise.piczo.com
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The espionage thriller begins in 1997, as shocking news reaches retired Mossad secret agents Rachel and Stefan about their former colleague David. All three have been venerated for decades by their country because of the mission that they undertook back in 1966, when the trio tracked down Nazi war criminal Vogel in East Berlin. At great risk, and at considerable personal cost, the team's mission was accomplished - or was it? The suspense builds in and across two different time periods, with startling action and surprising revelations.
Rated R for some violence and language.
Visit the official site
Cast: Tom Wilkinson, Helen Mirren, Sam Worthington, Ciarán Hinds, Marton Csokas
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Directed by: John Madden
Written by: Jane Goldman, Assaf Bernstein
Running time: 1hr 53min
Opens: Aug 31, 2011 Nationwide


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For 2013 Ohio High School Wrestling Team State Tournament – Results & Brackets and many other topics visit HSWrestling.net
Ohio Team State Tournament
When:*Saturday. February 9th, 2013
Where: *Columbus, OH
St. John Arena, Ohio State University
What:*The First Ohio High School Athletic Association Team Wrestling State Finals.
The format is*eight-team brackets in Division I, II and III*wrestling a single-elimination, dual-meet tournament. Area qualifiers are St. Edward and Brecksville in Division I, Perry and Cuyahoga Valley Christian Academy in Division II, and Keystone in Division III. A tournament committee re-seeded teams after Wednesday's regional finals.
What to watch:*Ohio's excellence in wrestling has 75 years of history to support its claim as one of the nation's most fertile lands for individual talent. That hasn't changed in recent decades, but what has changed has been the decline of dual meets as individual tournaments are increasingly emphasized. This year, the*OHSAA*took over what had been a small team tournament with a limited field run by coaches. The tournament was expanded to include every school that could field a dual meet team. The hope is to re-invigorate the dual meet format and create excitement in schools with three earlier rounds held at schools that earned high seeds.
Full Article by*Tim Warsinskey, Plain Dealer
Tournament Schedule: *(Schedule Link)
- Quarterfinals:
- Upper Bracket: 11:00 am
- Lower Bracket: 1:15 pm
- Semifinals: 3:30 pm
- State Finals: 8:00 pm
Ohio High School Wrestling Team State Tournament Resources:
- Preview - Preview of the Ohio Team State Tournament
- Brackets – Results for the 2013 Ohio Team State Tournament
- Results*- Updated Results for all Team Divisons
- OHSAA – Everything about the Team State Tournament


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Continuing Education Credits are not available for the archived offering.This program is a part of DIA's Certificate Program and is awarded the following:Clinical Research Certificate Program: 8 Elective UnitsFor more information go to www.diaglobal.org/certificateprograms This archive may be purchased through July 22, 2015.Archive duration:Part 1: 1 hour 54 minutesPart 2: 1 hour 56 minutesPart 3: 2 hour 1 minutePart 4: 1 hour 57 minutesPart 5: 1 hour 57 minutes
This advanced online course answers common questions and addresses topics such as modeling, multiplicity adjustments, noninferiority, data mining, adaptive designs, Bayesian principles, and survival methods. This course will increase the level of statistical knowledge of nonstatisticians so that collaborative efforts of statisticians and nonstatisticians on clinical investigative teams can be improved.
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Action/Adventure, SciFi/Fantasy
Based on the celebrated comic book arc, this epic action-adventure takes Wolverine, the most iconic character of the X-Men universe, to modern day Japan. Out of his depth in an unknown world he faces his ultimate nemesis in a life-or-death battle that will leave him forever changed. Vulnerable for the first time and pushed to his physical and emotional limits, he confronts not only lethal samurai steel but also his inner struggle against his own immortality, emerging more powerful than we have ever seen him before.
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The changing face of movie special effects
According to George Lucas, special effects are "cool". A lot of directors rely on special effects to make things exciting on screen but how does adding new technology affect everyone else in the movie-making business?
Florence Carter is a special effects artist responsible for the guts and gore in Spartacus, the make-up in the likes of the Woman in Black and The Da Vinci Code, and, more immediately, Intruders starring Clive Owen which is soon to hit on Blu-ray. We wanted to pick Carter's brains about the changes in the industry but the price, it seems, was that instead she would show us.
Intruders is a horror movie with a faceless being scaring the bejesus out of Owen and his daughter, eventually turning her into a quasi-faceless monster herself. Carter's fun for the day was to turn Pocket-lint into that monster.
We sit down in the make-up chair and a substance, which in any other context would have looked slightly suspect, is smoothed over our face. Very quickly the movie business seems a lot less glamourous.
Carter tells us that the rise of high-defintion content has posed all sorts of problems for movie make-up artists, particularly when it comes to silicone and producing the masks like the one sitting in front of us.
"Special effects have had to improve with the unforgiving Hi-Def cameras. Silicone gels have become high quality and less expensive," she says.
"The masks I made for this were Plat Gel 10 [by Mouldlife] a popular and versatile silicone that is translucent and fleshy and warms to body temperature, allowing the actor to talk and move under the prosthetic."
Laid out in front of us is a selection of five faces, a bit like what we imagine Hannibal Lecter's dinner table to look. We sit down and one of the masks is picked up and slapped on to our own visage. All around the make-up studio are all sorts of weird and wonderful goos and gunks. Most, we imagine, are for creating wounds and other gruesome effects, although there are some which would look more at home in a torture chamber than on a make-up artist's table.
Normally a mould would be taken of our face before a mask is produced but in the interests of time here Carter has used a generic face shape. Putting one of these together is incredibly complex, requiring a lot of skill in terms of mixing latex and dyes as well as handling touches such as individually attached eyebrows. Attention to detail is crucial, or it just won't look good on screen.
"3D means that all actors have to be perfect from all angles and lumps and bumps are easily spotted." explains Carter.
"Actors who could hide behind thick makeup, low-resolution pictures and flattering lighting are now exposed with every pore and wrinkle visible. Makeup has to be effective but invisible, even powder can show up on HD."
In its slapped-on form, the mask looks fairly unconvincing. It's also incredibly claustrophobic. It blocks our eyes and nose entirely. As if blindness and the inability to breathe weren't bad enough, the next thing we know, we feel fingers beginning to poke our face as the artist starts twisting the mask around to fit. On the plus side, once you relax into the experience it's rather like a face massage - which is why we fell asleep.
When our eyes open we're greeted by a terrifying sight. Sitting opposite us in the mirror is something that resembles the girl from the Ring crossed with that moment in the Matrix when Neo's mouth closes over. All the same, our transformation is incomplete. The corners of the mouth, in particular, and the eyes are a dead giveaway. Carter then shifts into top gear as she works her magic blending the mask into our face.
The Matrix moment is what siliconework is all about. At the moment CGI is heavily used in movies, including Intruders, to create monsters and the like that would traditionally be put together using sfx make-up. So, for Carter, doing things that CGI just can't do is vital.
"A lot of effects that used to be make-up are now often CG, putting SFX makeup artists out of a job! It can often be cheaper and save time to do it 'in post' with varying results," she explains.
"It is quite common to have an actor wearing a prosthetic which is then enhanced with CGI, particularly when a 'negative space' is required - like a bullet hole or a missing nose.
"I think it helps an actor's performance to have a prosthetic to react to - I really enjoy being able to make wounds quickly and cheaply. On-skin Silicone [by Principality FX] can be applied directly on to the skin and sculpted into cuts and wounds with blended edges that don't show up - even in HD."
While blending we ask Carter what her toughest job in special effects has been. She describes an as yet to be released movie (sorry we can't share) in which she had to transform an entire elderly man's body into an alien. It took her nearly a day to do and months of preparation. Just getting the person to sit still was problematic but then with things like changing light and different shooting climates, it just gets harder and harder.
We get the impression that this is where the real skill lies as it was the longest part of the whole process. Minute strokes with an airbrush across our cheeks help bring form to the mask as does a Blade Runner-style make up job on our eyes.
"Airbrushing is increasingly popular as the atomised makeup creates a fine layer of tiny dots on the skin that are less visible on screen. Airbrushing has been popular for special effects makeup for many years for colouring, shading and used with stencils," says Carter, while nearly blinding us with a blast of make-up to the face.
Black rings and plenty of what we can only describe as smudging bring the whole shebang together. A brief wig adjustment and that's it, we have become a terrifying teenage girl. What is most bizarre about wearing the mask is that it almost tricks your own brain. We have the same clothes on yet, looking at ourselves, it feels like an entirely different person. Another side effect is that the silicone begins to warm up to your body temperature so you can't even feel it on your own face, and that makes it truly surreal.
Now to the peeling off. Imagine bikini waxing your face and you will get a good idea. Thankfully the shave we had in the morning helped. Grabbing the corner of the mask at our neck it's slowly removed while inflicting the minimum amount of pain - but pain it is, nonetheless, thanks to the sticky silicone. Think of it like a Mission Impossible moment or a painful episode of Scooby Doo.
Mask hanging half off our face and looking like a slightly melted plastic surgery balls-up, we take a brief respite from the pulling pain. Then back to the final grab and the mask is off. The result is us returning to normality after just a few brief minutes of being a girl. It's not a look we miss, if we're honest. Carter then tells us she might have to do this 10 or 20 times a day on a film set. Think of all those sore faces.
The real amazing thing from the whole experience is just how quick the transformation is. In just an hour we were turned into a very convincing character from Intruders which even under close scrutiny is just as good as the CGI work in the movie. After a brief but enjoyable lesson in the ways of the movie make-up masters, we left the studio looking slightly red faced but altogether masculine again.
For those interested in seeing a the Hollow Face ghost in real life Intruders is out on DVD and Blu-ray now. For those looking to add some production quality to their low budget films, then follow Carter's make-up and SFX advice.
Like the sound of the movie special effects? Let us know in the comments below ...


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Star Tracks
Cavallari and her fiancé hit the streets in L.A. Plus: Rihanna, Jessica Simpson, Jay-Z, Blake Lively and more
Credit: GSI Media
Published: Thursday Jan 19, 2012 | 05:00 AM EST
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CJDobs wrote:Jan - I've frequented many a Tolkien board over the years (understatement) including *shudders* Ringbearer before the invasion of the Elijah Wood fan club.
These Tolkien scholars to which you refer, are obviously 'nobs'.
Put an 'end' onto nob and yes you're spot on CJ
smartypooh - don't quote me (why break the habit of a lifetime ) but if balrogs could fly they were bloody crap at it.
All the ones the Prof actually wrote about fell from great heights and didn't engage their flight feathers or indeed their brakes/parachutes once. I think there's a definite passage somewhere or other (well actually more likely half a sentence) about balrogs riding on dragons, but then not all the dragons could fly either...
See - if you're set on being a creator fantasy writer you tend to get bogged down in far too much detail and everyone blames you for it!


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The judge who presided over the patent litigation between Apple and Samsung Electronics said she will consider Samsung's concern that the foreman of the jury had concealed relevant information.
A jury in California decided in August that the South Korean company must pay Apple US$1.05 billion for infringing several of its patents in Samsung smartphones and tablets.
Samsung has, however, asked for a new trial of the case, alleging that the foreman of the jury, Velvin Hogan, was untruthful and biased. In the voir dire, a court procedure of questioning prospective jurors for potential bias, Hogan did not mention that he had been sued by his former employer, Seagate, for breach of contract after he failed to repay a promissory note in 1993 and filed for bankruptcy six months later, according to the filing on October 2.
Samsung has a "substantial strategic relationship with Seagate," and is the single largest direct shareholder of the hard drive manufacturer after selling it a business division last year, it said in the filing.


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- Review Date: 12/2014 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -
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There are a lot of people who like Matt Smith as the 11th Doctor. There are a lot of people that will (rightly) point to episodes like "The Girl Who Waited" and excellent new characters like the Silence to help really drive the point home that following the monumental popularity and goodwill that David Tennant's tenure as the Tenth Doctor generated, Matt Smith's run in the big blue police box was just as good as his predecessor.
Except those people would be wrong.
While there will be some great episodes associated with the 11th Doctor—especially when you factor in the Series Six arc of companions Amy & Rory dealing with their pregnancy amidst all of their incredible time adventures—it was by the time the show reached Series Seven that it was obvious that showrunner and Sherlock scribe Steven Moffat was running low on ideas, episodes like "Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" and "The Angels Take Manhattan" really pushing the credulity of a show that already dealt with monsters, time paradoxes, and all sorts of otherworldly wackiness. Things seemed to be taking a turn once Jenna Coleman was brought on as Clara, the quirky, fast-talking girl that almost-flirted with the Doctor and seemed to match him on a basis of pure witticisms. When we first met her in 2012's "The Snowmen", we find out she leads the strange double-life of being a barmaid as well as a governess, and, most interestingly, was the same girl that was featured in the pivotal episode "Asylum of the Daleks". Mysteries abound for this sassy new companion.
However, as she spent more time with Matt Smith, that initial pep of energy that she gave us withered away, as her matching Smith on a quirk-for-quirk basis proved to more grating than it was endearing. Although fans were thrown a bone with the wonderful 50th anniversary special, during which Clara had a mercifully brief role, by the time we reached the Neil Gaiman-penned "Nightmare in Silver", Clara was commanding an army of reluctant soldiers and still offering wry faces and goofy grins even as the soldiers she was leading were dying all around her. It was ill-fitting for the character, and basically painted her as someone made of all quirks and zero emotion. Even with Matt Smith's halfway-decent send off, there was still a sense of lacking to his final run in he TARDIS, and while some of it could be attributed to tired scripts, having a companion that was simply not interesting on any notable dramatic level is what ultimately marred the last of Smith's tenure.
Thus, when Peter Capaldi was announced as the 12th Doctor, it was noted how his character would be unlikable at first, but the audience would grow to love him. True Whovians knew this was a bad omen, as the last time they tried that, it was when Colin Baker was the Sixth Doctor, and the producers at the time wanted to make him an absolute jerk that slowly worms his way into the audience's heart with his gradual reveal of honest emotions. Instead, Colin Baker's incarnation just came off as a jerk ... and little else. He was saved by a few decent scripts (see: The Trail of a Time Lord), but his character went down as one of the more contentious Time Lords in the canon, and not in the lovable and curmudgeonly way that Patrick Troughton and Tom Baker had done so well.
Thus, "Deep Breath", Capaldi's first episode, was a bit of a strange one to start of Series Eight with: he's making passes at a female dinosaur, being somewhat dazed throughout the episode as he's finding the limits of his new body (and the audience is getting used to his accent)—it made for a strange stew. However, despite his non-violent victory over the strange Victorian androids, what was most interesting about the episode is how the Doctor really pushed Clara into the action without a safety net, at one point locking her in a room where she was clearly in mortal danger. It was an odd move, but in truth, this leads to one of the two reasons why Series Eight has been one of the most out-and-out spectacular since the surprisingly satisfying Donna Noble-starring Series Four (with Tennant and Catherine Tate) ...


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A Tree which stands in a Lake District wood is the tallest in Cumbria and could be the largest in the North West.
The 57.8-metre giant grand fir in Skelghyll Wood, Ambleside, has also been recorded as the tallest of its species in England, breaking the previous Cumbrian record of 55 metres, which was held by a conifer at Thirlmere.
National Trust ranger John Pring got the idea to get the tree measured and recorded by the National Tree Register charity when driving through Ambleside.
He said: "I've driven on that main road (A591) in Ambleside for a long time and I just thought: 'That really is a very big tree, I wonder how big it is? We were surprised just how tall it was when we measured it. There are some very big trees in the area but we didn't realise how tall it actually was. This is just one of the thousands of big old trees the National Trust looks after in the area."
Mr Pring, who has covered Windermere and Ambleside for 20 years, is now encouraging nature lovers to go to Skelghyll Wood and see the true scale of how tall the trees are for themselves and the grand fir, which was planted in 1860, looks set to continue growing and could push the 60-metre mark unless there are any accidents such as a storm blowing it over.
The tree was measured by tree climbers Mark Sigrift and Mick Lupton of Aspen Tree Management in Witherslack by dropping a long tape measure and using a badminton pole to attach a tape measure. "It just shows that the tree is happy with the climate there," said Mr Pring. It's only 160 years old so it is still growing."
A VERY small Beatrix Potter drawing has sold for nearly £50,000 at an auction in America.
The three-and-three-quarter inches by six inches ink and watercolour had been expected to sell for up to 37,500 at the Sotheby's auction, in New York, but reached £47,438
The miniature, called 'Guinea pigs going to their garden...' was among 193 original illustrations sold by wealthy American couple, Kendra and Allan Daniel. The painting depicts four guinea pigs following a fifth along a path carrying garden tools.
A spokesman for Sotheby's said: "Early in 1893, when she was in her twenties, Beatrix Potter borrowed a number of guinea pigs from her friend, Miss Paget. One, named Mr Chopps, proved to be no problem but another, named Queen Elizabeth, apparently 'took to eating blotting paper, pasteboard, string and other curious substances and expired during the night. A pair of gardening illustrations date from this time: four guinea pigs following a blue-coated guinea pig and four guinea pigs working under the guidance of the blue-coated guinea pig.
"These were later redrawn in 1922 and used in Potter's book Cecil Parsley's Nursery Rhymes."


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- Indigo cantor
- Sun Valley, ID
- United States
commander in chief, Satori International
This conversation is closed.
How could we relate to the world around us without the concept of time?
I have often wondered about what life would be like if I could not include the concept of time. It is in EVERYTHING we do, think, talk about, it is a component of life that is completely man made, it seems to me it is the glue that holds everything together? without it... what do we have? how do we explain? where do we stand?
what is NOW?
So, how would you explain " life" without time? the universe without Time? all your thoughts without implementing time?
Mar 5 2011: We are time, and time doesn't exist. This paradox drives me totally crazy too.
Mar 5 2011: Agree. We are time and time is our creation. "To live between memory and potentiality is to live in creative space... with unexpected... the womb of constructive change... JP Lederach. Timelessness could mean living in the present where the past and the future meets -- the moment of complete conciousness.
May 13 2011: well..I'll be sure to check out JP lederach..love your commentMay 13 2011: JP Ledrach..fascinating..will go more deeply there..thnaks for pointig the way, Hannes
Comment deleted
Jul 17 2011: But you need to let go of the notion that the single moment in time will pass. Ultimately when our consciousness is freed from this ride there will be no passage of time, only unity.Jun 6 2011: Aboli......................Living in the moment makes sense to me. The past we cannot change ...the future for us may never be.May 13 2011: yes gabriela but also liberating and exciting???May 13 2011: I love paradoxes like this :)May 14 2011: The reason of your heart-beats is the time. If you have some timeless reason which gives excitement to ur beats, it means you're time. If not, time doesn't exist for you. Because you do not have a timeless reason to live for. That's all. = )Mar 6 2011: Very interesting topic Indigo, and you ask some great questions! I agree with you that time is a "man made" concept, and in my experience, life goes on just fine without being tied to time. I have not worn a watch for 20 years. I have a clock in the home, but very rarely look at it. I eat when I'm hungry, sleep when I'm tired, and often get lost in projects, especially the gardens, in a "timeless" way. If I have to catch a plane or something like that, I set an alarm, but usually wake up just before the alarm goes off. After not being dependent on the clock for awhile, the body, mind and heart adjusts, and I usually know within a few minutes what time it is. I've never had a challenge with "jet lag" because when I arrive at my destination, I am immediately in that time zone mentally and physically, and not concerned what the time was at the place I departed. I live in the moment, and that time is only NOW. So, you ask how would you explain life without time? SUBLIME!
Being attached to time seems to cause quite a lot of stress. I often hear the complaint that there is not enough time. Time is what it is. Why stress over something we cannot change? What we CAN change, is our relationship with time. I highly recommend playing with the idea of not letting time rule your life. Try it on a weekend or vacation when you have no time committments. Let go of the clock and an attachment to time for awhile. It may be a little uncomfortable at first, but after the initial detachment, it feels very liberating:>)
Mar 13 2011: :) Love this post thank you ColleenMar 7 2011: Time is the invention of consciousness. Consciousness requires Time to follow the never-ending changes happening around it and inside it. Every conscious mind - from the germs to the humans - has a sense of time. We the humans, who have highly developed consciousness, have quantified the time giving it units like seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, centuries, millenniums. Time is inseparable from change. If there will not be any single change in the universe, including in our consciousness, time will dissolve, meaning, time will be meaningless. Time is the measure for the rate of changes. Time is the mean for consciousness to make order in an otherwise chaotic phenomenal world of changes. There's no such a thing – time as a stand-alone entity. Time is a concept produced by living minds to lay down a common scale to the infinite number & variety of changes occurring around us constantly, by giving them sequential order.
No time means no change, no evolution. Meaning, it is the ultimate death of the phenomenal universe.
Tim Colgan
Mar 7 2011: Yubal: I'm curious as to your response to the question - "why does does it only go forward?"
- +1
Mar 7 2011: When you say it goes forward, you base your argument by watching different processes which move or occur from A to B and then you ask why these processes never occur in reverse. The fact you don't find processes going from B to A, make you to come to the conclusion that time only go forward.
What I argue is that the reason we don't see processes occurring in reverse is that this is the very nature of the processes. The changes occurring within the process or within the constituents of process make the process moving from A to B and never vice versa. The scale of time we use to measure the timing of the process and it's other features, has nothing to do with the direction of the process. The scale is constant and what's moving is the process itself. Saying scale, I mean to time measuring instrument, suppose a watch. Saying the scale is constant, I mean that the watch pulses in a constant & known rate as designed by its manufacturer and what changes in an unknown manner is the process which is the very reason we are measuring it. Now, consider the watch itself. It is also based on a certain constant change occurring within its mechanism which we agree internationally to take as a standard. But still it (the watch) is nothing but a change.
I have other imaginary scenario of a different nature to show you how in my opinion we mix between human made subjective scale (time measuring) and the objective reality (processes in nature). If you are not convinced yet, I shall give it.
But first I want to ask you to try imagining at least one time-measuring of any kind – not necessarily by watch, but by even any arbitrary mean you choose like Sun, Atoms, etc, or even by your own memory or mind -- that any type of change is NOT involved with that time measuring. If you find one time measuring without requiring absolutely any change, I shall be glad to know.
Mar 7 2011: Your argument was quite stimulating,
In regards to this statement- "What I argue is that the reason we don't see processes occurring in reverse is that this is the very nature of the processes."
why does the directionality have to be the nature of the process rather then the nature of the observer and the system that the observer and process occupy? I think a great deal of emphasis has to be made to the frame of reference in which time is being observed in and how the concept and the day-to-day perception of changing states is embodied within the observer. I think this is the nature of human interpretation of time, or at least the soft-wired idea that we have of time and change. Think of a ball moving across a table- although in your brain the cognitive process simply adds several picture frames temporally, more complicated processes interpret it as a fluid motion with directionality. If that is true, we may simply be extrapolating the directionality of time because of the functional utility it serves in our lives, rather then it being an absolute truth of the universe. What do you think?
There is nothing so stable as change
-Bob Dylan
Tim Colgan
Mar 7 2011: Thanks for your response Yubal.
- +2
I think I understand your point about change being an essential element of time and that it is quantified by correlating it to some oscillatory event.
I'm wondering if your statement
"The fact you don't find processes going from B to A, make you to come to the conclusion that time only go forward."
is leading to the opinion that at a different location in space/time it might be observed as moving in the other direction (that is the processes would reverse).
ralph haulk
Mar 7 2011: Has anyone mentioned entropy as a direction of time? Order toward disorder. Drop an egg, it breaks, and all the king's horses...
- +2
It has been offered that what we perceive as disorder is actually the very process of information we need for arranging things in newer forms. Time, order, and disorder. Entropy and information.
Tim Colgan
Mar 8 2011: ralph - Is life a counter-entropic process?Mar 8 2011: @ Tim
- +3
Yeah it is for the system which is evolving into a life form. But not for the universe as a whole. The entropy of the universe constantly increases.
Tim Colgan
Mar 8 2011: Again, taking Yubal's description, in our context we have always observed the entropy constantly increasing, but need that always be the case?
- +2
Tim Colgan
Mar 8 2011: For the purpose of discussion, let's assume an oscillating universe.
- +1
Starting with a singularity (which must be the point of minimum entropy) the big bang occurs and the universe expands, thus increasing the entropy. At some point the process reverses and we arrive again at a singularity. Between the reversal point and the singularity, doesn't the entropy have to decrease?Mar 8 2011: That's a good question. I really can't answer that. If the universe indeed compresses and it is cyclic that would mean it also compresses towards a less entropic state.
I just know how to describe earth bound entropy. It's really a matter of probability, the only reason why it occurs is because entropic states are a lot more probable. These are states which we concieve as being random.
So the law is not like causal law of nature. Like gravity for instance, it is based on probability. Things could entropically reverse but it's highly unlikely.Mar 28 2011: I believe most modern quantum physicists, of which Michio Kaku would be probably the foremost proponent, believe entropy is forever increasing (in fact at faster rates through time) and that eventually energy is so distributed that that life would not be able to exist due to the eventual inactivity of all stars within the the galaxy and eventually universe. Dwarf stars, due to their low energy burning rate would probably be the last celestial bodies that would be able to generate energy. It is inevitable that within this system there will be *random* oscillations that promote negative entropy (as some call it syntropy) and so do the potential for star and planet formations, molecular synthesis, and eventually... life. In that sense I do believe that entropy is oscillating within systems of the universe (this is more or less proven) but ultimately increasing. Life is definitely counter-entropic due its ordered nature and composition and even individually we try to go against the entropic surroundings that are often presented to us, in other words we try to control our system in order to keep our highly ordered selves. As far as time and entropy are concerned, I definitely feel as though they must be intimately connected on a very fundamental level (i.e. one creates the other or something similar), but I am having trouble expressing those thoughts in words. I feel like the topic of quantum consciousness is the next logical step in connecting these two topics. Hope this was helpful to someone :)Mar 10 2011: That time goes "forward" is, by the way, is simply a construction of your language. There are others where the future is "backwards".
Mar 28 2011: But isn't the construction of our language a parallel to the beliefs of society at large at that point? Do you know where the 'future is backwards' phrase used?
ralph haulk
Mar 9 2011: Linking time to consciousness and classification seems to take us back to Hume and Berkeley, and finally Kant, proposing the mind as the "a priori" process by which we can know. What is "order"? That which we perceive as "right". "Disorder" would then be perceived as "not right". (I'm not imposing "rightist" or "leftist" here).
- +1
Making things "right" would then be an attempt to alter things as each perceive they ought to be, and that produces increasing disorder. Ideas follow entropy the same as the universe. Add to that Godel's theorem, which tells us that in any consistent axiomatic formulation of number theory(of sufficient complexity) there exists undecidable propositions. The most formalized method of imposing order will also reflect a measure of increasing disorder.
Which leads me to speculate on some conclusions below. If life is a tendency to combat entropy, it can do so only by enlarging its understanding of all things in relation. If it seeks to maintain its own integrity at the expense of surrounding systems, it contributes ultimately to its own entropy. I think it rather strange that when Shannon developed his mathematical concept of information, it was similar, if not identical, to the earlier mathematical presentation of entropy. If events in "time" are ordered by consciousness, then consciousness must reflect the very disorder of perceptions from diverse sources.
Mar 11 2011: Interesting. Can you elaborate on the last sentence - "If events in "time" are ordered by consciousness, then consciousness must reflect the very disorder of perceptions from diverse sources."?
ThanksMar 13 2011: oooooooooooooooooooo !@!!!!!
Adam Burk
Mar 6 2011: In classical Chinese philosophy there are actually three kinds of time: linear the kind we most of think of and is referenced here; cyclical; and no time. There are in fact people currently and throughout history that experience the world in a way that transcends the concept of time. It isn't easy to convey, this is why there are Zen koans designed to trick us to perceive the world differently.
- +4
My question is, is there anything wrong with having the concept of time as part of our frame of reference?
Bill Barhydt
Mar 7 2011: Indigo, cool post. A little scary and daunting.
- +1
Adam, fascinating. How would you describe Cyclical and no time? I'm not familiar with these concepts of Chinese philosophy.
As we learned at TED this year from David Christian, we humans have the unique ability to not only learn in real-time but pass those learnings from one generation to the next. It seems to me that all of these learnings need a reference point in order to build on each other. Without time I don't see how learnings can transcend generations in this way. I'd love to hear the Chinese perspective on this and how that relates to cyclical time. Thank you.
Indigo, I'm not an expert on modern physics but I believe that the concepts of gravity and light require time as a reference as well. Otherwise the Universe as we know it breaks down to something that would be immeasurable.Mar 7 2011: Good question Adam: "is there anything wrong with having the concept of time as part of our frame of reference?" Personally, I think it provides a valuable reference, as you and Bill state.
For me, it is only a reference, when/if I need a reference point for something, and as I stated in a comment below, I am one of those people who is not attached to the concept of time. If we did not have the reference of time Bill, the information passed down through generations could still exist, and I don't agree that "gravity and light require time as a reference or the universe breaks down". It is humans who like to have the reference, and that is probably why we created the concept of time, don't you think? It gives us a frame for our lives. I think that's great, depending on how we use it. Sometimes, I think it is limiting, as when people take on the belief that they do not have enough time for example.Mar 13 2011: Wrong? I cannot answer right and wrong.. I do think we could literally go insane without the concept of time... although I have to admit I have tried and the only way I could get close was out in nature. I do believe that my mind no longer carries the innocence to experience a world without the concept of time... but I still like to try !! :)
plus.. it is just so much fun thinking about it.... but ... is that a waste of time?Mar 5 2011: My answer might sound crazy from scientific perspective, however let me tell it from real perspective.
Time is actually just a concept in our minds, a feeling that occurs as an effect of things happening in the universe. But, what is actually happening is that things that are supposed to happen will happen instantly without any time passing in between, and this would not make sense to human brain without a feeling such as 'time'.
Human mind is trapped in concept called "time", which is crucial for human mind to understand whats happening.
May 13 2011: Farukkh..love that..right there with you..as is more and more of science..Jun 10 2011: I have thought about this question, but to be in this universe is to be in time in some sense. Of course thats what Einstein confirmed. But I suppose thats not the end of it - new physics sometimes apparently treats all time as being present simultaneously. Indeed if you study Feynman diagrams you can see some interactions that work backwards in time (as we think of it).
Clearly better men than me have grappled with this issue. TS Elliot for example in Burnt Norton.
And of course there are the Tralfamadorians in Kurt Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse 5"
Tralfamadorians say that human perception of time as linear and flowing with only one moment existing at 'once' is erroneous. (quoting here!). All moments exist concurrently and it is only an illusion if they appear to have any linearity. Tralfamadorians see people not as a single image but as a kind of wormlike manifestation that runs from the past into the future - from cradle to grave.
I have often though something similar - that, at each present moment, all past and future moments are present but the future exists as a kind of set of possibilities. As the quantum wave function collapses, as it were, the many potential futures crystalise into one definite present that creates our history-line. Thus free will and cause and effect both exist in what would otherwise be a deterministic universe.
About 20 years ago I had an experience that drove this home to me. I was sailing on a yatch in a storm when the main sail was accidentally and violently jybed onto me by the helmsman. I felt the boom brush my head and I was stuck by the traveller which flung me down and seriously fractured my arm. Even a half step more and I would have been in its direct line and without question I would have died.
At that instant, even as I flew thru the air I had the most distinct feeling that the universe had split and in the other universe I had been killed. This was such a strong physical feeling I still feel it today,
Jun 13 2011: Oh, the Tralfamadorians! Hello past reading experience, nice to see you again!
It feels, though, that if you want to be treated with respect, not seen as a crazy dreamer, you are supposed to believe in time as a straight line. They say your life starts when the sperm meets the egg and ends when your brain shuts down. I can't believe that, and never will. Which makes me uncomfortable in some situations, but what to do?
Jun 14 2011: Much prefer to be a crazy dreamer :^)Jun 17 2011: By the way, Peter, I also had a experience long time ago (when I was almost 21). I was sleeping in my bed. I dreamed on a setting where everything was exactly as my room was. Each detail was as I knew by that time. The only exception was that there was another guy identical to myself, but his name was very extravagant, an alien-like one. He started a conversation with me, telling me everything about me and my own world. He knew it all. Then, he told me that he was living into a parallel universe, where everything was almost exactly the same way it was in this universe, but dimensions in that new universe were millions of times less than the universe I was living in (i.e., this one). Till this point, anyone can say that this is a simple self-suggestion of mine. The amazing thing here has to do with other things he told me too. He asserted that a train of events will happen to me the next 180 days starting the day after. Each of his predictions were fulfilled exactly the way he said it will have been happen, including location, time, people and circumstances from which I have had no idea at that time.
I think this experience taught me that there's something wrong with quantum-wave function, because there exists (at least this is the way I read that incident) some location in universe (or multiverse) that has our destiny stored in some kind of hard disk drive and, therefore, when any one of us do something, here and now, it's because that teleological HDD is reading at once any bit of certain information that is reflected in the way everything displays as a process or an event. Let's remember that HDD has a random access to its registers, and the strong implication of this has to do with a very uncommon kind of non-linear time: the CLUSTER INDEXING TIME. That's it. Time would be just a random number associated with any pre-allocated position of the register containing the experience you are about to live in short. So, time could be anything but real positive NUMB3RS.Jun 19 2011: WOW !! Everyone here at TED is a modern day Einstein (especially Peter) !!! To be very honest,I did not understand a word what you said (or trying to convey),Peter.It is maybe because I do not know much regarding this subject.Nevertheless,I am very happy that I am a part of the forum where I can get to learn so much(I really mean SO MUCH) from my fellow TED members.
Mary Saville
Mar 21 2011: This line of dialogue blows my mind!
- +3
I teach a physics class and spend part of class nearly every week talking about time and speed. I think to have a well-formulated approach to time and the universe we have to take into account how fast we go, as Einstein did in his famous Theory of Relativity. We do now travel faster and faster than we ever did before, so according to relativity we are experiencing time very differently than our ancestors did. I love the fact that the faster we go, even though to our frame of reference seconds are ticking by in the normal way, to those moving more slowly time passes by more quickly! But we cannot tell the difference between our frame of reference and theirs, although I can imagine like in some forms of fiction that characters can move so fast that everyone else appears to be standing still.
Still, something bothers me. If, as Einstein posits, we travel faster and faster, approaching the speed of light (which is about three milllion football fields a second) we experience time more slowly, doesn't it seem like we would be catching up with time? How does one experience time differently through speed if they do not have a unit or component in common? An head on collision hurts all the more because your frame of reference says that the car is hitting you at your speed + the oncoming car's speed. Wind's effect on us is dampened if we are running with it at our backs because it's speed is then wind speed - our speed.
What if time is not separate from speed, less like a controlling continuum that a quantity with its own, constant speed? It would make sense then that we could experience it more slowing, by traveling fast with it, or more quickly, by running into it head on. Then the truly limiting factor to the universe would not be the speed of light or energy but the speed of time.
So then, how do we measure the speed of time?
May 13 2011: Mary love your inversion..your students are lucky to have you for a teacher..there are questions now about whether the speed of light is the fastest thing possible in theuniverse and also whether the speed of light has been the same through all time ( kronos time). Does the idea ( now losing ground) that time may actually be grainy and not continuous appeal to you? Also I would like to understand more about your inversion..that our understanding of the euniverse owuld be most fruitful if we could measure the speed of time? Doesn't that assume a linearity of time? Or could it be acceleratimg and decelerating and influenced by other forces?May 13 2011: I few years back I spent a lot of thought on the speed of time, it was shortly before I decided that time does not exist outside of our perception. The speed of time has to do with the path of least resistance through the possibility field of the multiverse. Light travels the speed it does due to the frequency of parallels it passes through. The thing about the speed of light is it changes when it passes through different scenarios. These scenarios can include extreme gravitational fluctuations and things such as Bose-Einstienian condensates (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate). These are scenarios I also can see affecting the ratio or pattern of parallels in that vicinity. Light travels so fast because it's wavelength is so smooth, but there is a wavelength still. The "speed of time" would be the straight path, with no curvature to the wave, there essentially wouldn't be a wave then. The thing is how do you measure something without any movement? The answer is you do not. Time as a force does not exist, it is a concept created by us to make up for our inability to focus on multiple possibilities at once. In the multiverse all scenarios are present, time is our perception of moving through them.
Have you yet thought of the time wave? That one is fun.
Or at least that is what I have come to understand with absolutely no formal training. I actually have never even take a physics class, so if I am fundamentally incorrect about something please inform me.May 16 2011: I shall try to answer to your question: "How does one experience time differently through speed if they do not have a unit or component in common?"
If I take Einstein's postulates, one is not supposed to experience time differently at any speed if he is found in a perfectly closed system. This is the very essence of the relativeness within the Theory of Relativity. What do I mean by that ?? First the meaning of "closed system" must be understood properly. "Closed System" means that absolutely any single piece of information from outside is not allowed to enter into that Closed System. Not even a single photon from outside. Einstein claimed that in this case, any experiment carried out inside this closed system cannot ever reveal whether this system is moving in a constant speed or is in complete rest.
This means, in such a closed system, one is not supposed to experience time differently. This has great implications even beyond just pure Physics. This has Philosophical implications and I guess others like moral, too.
So, how one would know his time-elapsing was slowed down due to his speedy journey ?? This will happen ONLY if & when he will get into contact with another frame which was in rest, and receive (external) information from that frame. ONLY then, by COMPARING his own frame with another one, the traveller will know (experience) that his time was lagging, that he remained younger than, suppose, his twin brother who remained on Earth. Without this interaction beteen the 2 frames and the comparsion between them, the time-lagging in any frame is absolutely meaningless.
All this shows how deep is the concept of Einstein's Relativeness within his Theory of Relativity. It shows that when we say things are relative and that they depend on points of view, it's not just game of our mind, but that the relativeness is a fundamental property of the physical world. That there is need for a real interaction (COMPARING), in order to have meaning for relativeness.Mar 6 2011: My thoughts might be slightly off topic but I think worth mentioning.
What if we are frozen in time? What if that is what life is?
The rocks and earth and atmosphere that slowly shift and erode away could be living in what is really time,
but what we call time is just are accelerated movements and thoughts.
What about the ever expanding universe? What if it is just an explosion that only lasts a second?
Its all relative. Time is an irrelevant factor to everything.
I wish that was a commonly believed thought because I am often late!
Mar 13 2011: Whoa! Interesting!!!Mar 13 2011: I can identify with your perception Eddie!Mar 20 2011: Time is an irrelevant factor to everything: I've listened to the same Bach organ piece twice - one organist played it in 6 minutes, the other one in 12. Parts of the last Beethoven piano sonata can be played slowly like a meditation or crazy like children playing wildly. (I have heaed and liked both versions) In Beethoven the time (speed) difference is probably even bigger than in the Bach piece. And this difference changes the world!Mar 6 2011: If energy is linked to time through the speed of light (e=mc2), then as long as the universe is a manifestation of energy, and we are part of this universe, all of our experiences will be related to time - moving forward or backwards. But if we can step outside the universal manifestation of energy, then there is no time, no...?
Tim Colgan
Mar 5 2011: What I want to know is - why does it only move forward?
- +3
Mar 6 2011: I think it's got something to do with entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. If that law could somehow be broken, where entropy globally decreases, we could move in both directions.
Comment deleted
Jul 20 2011: I could not begin to fathom what the world would be like if entropy was to globally decrease. It would be so strange a universe.Mar 13 2011: Does it? I remember? and when I remember I feel.... Like the moment my daughter was born. That is a space in " time " I can have right here in this moment in time. Great question!!
Mar 15 2011: You can go back in time but only as a spectator, you can experience that moment again, see it, but you can't change it and while you experience that moment you had time keeps going forward.
Mar 15 2011: What about those weird moments when you kind of get a glimpse of the future and then return back to now? That would be going back in time would it not? So in reality you can also only go FORWARD in time as a spectator. We are not moving forward IN TIME, we are always in the here and now, but because of movement in space (some part of us is always moving, at least on atomic levels) we also move in time....May 15 2011: Hi Pascal..nice to meet you. Do you know Lynne McTaggerts work, the Intention Experiment? A series of experiments meant to xplore the implications of qunatum mechanics ( in qunatum mechnaics it seems that all things exist in infiite possibility until fixed by the observer through the act of observation) Her work has been much challenged, and her experiements, so I am not putting forward as gosepel..just "mind candy" ..one of her expereiments involved "changing the past" participants were each given , as I recall, a pre-recorded pattern of sounds. Some were asked to form an intent for that pattern..others for a difernt pattern and apparently in many cases the different pattern was actually on the pre recorded ( apoligies Lynne if I have blown this description) . My point in sharing it with you isn't to refute what you say about time travel that is what science says in logically extending relativity) but to inviye a journey of the mindand spirit where that might not be correct. I love imaging that forgiveness actually corrects and changes.the past.Jun 7 2011: Hi Lindsay, thank you for your reply. Honestly, I didn't understand much of what you said (quantum mechanics and I broke up a while ago). I did some research on Lynne McTaggart and The Intention Experiment and I find it very interesting, I think I'll buy the book.
Even though I didn't understand much of your reply at first you had me with you your last sentence! I wouldn't go as far and say forgiveness can change the past but it certainly can correct it. What is done is done but by accepting it and forgiving it you change your perception and that makes place for a better future. I have the feeling people underestimate the value of making peace with the past.Mar 17 2011: credo sia scientificamente possibile viaggiare nel tempo...la cosa ke ci resta difficile è la velocita' della luce cn cui le nostre cellule dovrebbero spostarsi...esse si distruggerebbero...e si ritorna cn qst al concetto ke finkè saremmo in qst dimensioni legati al nostro corpo...come ancorati alla terra cio' nn ci sara' possibile...kiss
Charles Ma
Mar 19 2011: I don' t think it is the time that is moving forward. Instead, it is the process of the universe, say chemical and physical process, is moving forward. If we had the ability of reversing the whole process, the time would be moving backward. But I don't think it possible.
- +1
John Bulmer
Mar 21 2011: Does it only move forward?
- +1
Simply because our species has not discovered the concept of reversing time or going back in time is not proof that time only moves forward.
What we know today is only a miniscule fraction of what we will know in the future.
May 15 2011: agreed, John..and very few on the leading edge ofscience in exploring what time also agree..you are in excellent company!!! On the mor efruitful side of human endeavor, I think, to be very very wary of those who speak about time with any certainty.
May 15 2011: i agree Lindsay ... we're sitting in a gigantic pool of time trying to get an overview .. doesn't make sense unless we can lift ourselves outside of it to get some perspectiveJun 7 2011: I would love to be able to go back in time and do some things differently or just not do them at all. But wouldn't be too much of a hassle of one could go back in time? By going back in time and changing something you change the future but every action has an effect on uncountable different things so you might not even realise what you change. By going back in time to secure your own happiness you might cause somebody else a lot of harm without realising it.
And to be honest, going back in time would be to easy. We need to take responsibility for our actions and learn from them.
I would say that time as we defined it only moves forward but time (to me) is relative. By going forward in time (getting older) you can go back in time (midlife crisis and act like a teen) so as time is moving forward you're moving backwards... I think it depends of your own view on what time is if time is only moving forward.
I realise this might sound confusing so I hope you understand what I'm trying to say.May 13 2011: Hawking uses a paradoxical example: If a mad scientist were to create a wormhole one minute into the past and then from the future shoot his past self from through the wormhole who shot him? How could he be in the future if he was dead in the past...
He says that paradoxes like this cannot exist so this proves that time only flows in one direction. Although his conclusion may be correct there is a fundamental flaw in this paradox. That is a wormhole going forward in time will not send a projectile backwards through time.
If the scientist were to create a wormhole going one minute in the future and shoot through it he could hit himself one minute before he shot the gun. That would be a more accurate paradox. Being that the wormhole would then be flowing from future to past.
May 15 2011: thomas do you happen to have a citation or link on what hawking said?
May 16 2011: Here you are,
And for the video version,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yAEHnK1B9QMay 16 2011: Great link, Thomas, thanks for taking the time to find and post it for me..and here is a quote from it for all who have been thinking baout time travel back in time"Physicists have been thinking about tunnels in time too, but we come at it from a different angle. We wonder if portals to the past or the future could ever be possible within the laws of nature. As it turns out, we think they are. What's more, we've even given them a name: wormholes. The truth is that wormholes are all around us, only they're too small to see. Wormholes are very tiny. They occur in nooks and crannies in space and time. You might find it a tough concept, but stay with me. "..Stephen HawkingRead more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1269288/STEPHEN-HAWKING-How-build-time-machine.html#ixzz1MX84KRltI guess the part that hangs folk up, according to Brian Cox, is the idea of causality...that once an actionhas caused another action that is fixed in time and unlike all other dimensions which we can travel two ways (up and down back and forth) lowwiing that in the dimension of time poses all kind of complexities. But apparently Stephen Hawing isn't allowing that to stop him for considering time as two ways ( or perhapsa continuous loop?) Thankss again for your great courtesy in finding and posting the linksMay 13 2011: it is only in a linear concept of time that time moves only forward..many are moving away from linear concerpts of time..I no longer feel any resonance with the idea that time is linear..that it has a beginning and an end.
May 14 2011: Yes thank you, What I also should point out about the paradox above if the future self whacks the past self then the present self is still. And as soon as you fired that event would be in the past.Mar 4 2011: There is no "life" without time by definition. "Life" is (basically) something that performs actions to change and sustain itself. "Actions" being the keyword here - an action is something that occurs over time, including actions like "standing" which is not moving thought space for a certain time.
And without "life", nothing of what we and other living beings experience and do can be described.
As for the universe itself... well, I can't imagine it without time, but I can imagine it fixed at a certain time, in the same way that a two dimensional grid is actually a three dimensional grid with the third dimension always being fixed at a certain position. And so, without time... the universe would be like a (3D) picture.May 14 2011: Please explain why time is not a physical property of our universe.
If you are to deny the concept, I wouldn't try and make an appointment with you ;-)
Or would you re-invent a concept that can explain age-ing, the direction of experience, causality, prediction,...
To me, this question is an interesting thought-experiment, but in real life, there has always been a 'before' and 'current'.
even if we humans cease to exist, the universe would keep on unfolding in it's way,
the direction in which it unfolds (from low to high entropy)
You might just as well imagine a fourth spatial dimension perpetual to depth, length and width... or try to imagine a 2-dimensional universe...
In short: I don't see the point...
May 14 2011: well actually many leading scientists believe there are 11 dimensions..have you not heard of M-theory?, String Theory, Parallel Universe? The 11 dimansion superstring theory is a leadaing contender for explaining the irreconcilable diffrences betwee Quantum behavior and physics. Time, our concept of linear time is often a bit of a fly in the ointment in understanding the universe..multiverses.kronos..chronological time..our human invention for markimg the passgae of the seasons, the phases of the moon, what makes a day what makes an hour.is bound to our tiny little solar system and how it works within that solar systemearth bound as it arises from is perceived from earth of the sun & moon..It is apparently not all that reliable when we speak of things a great distance from our soloar system or want to understand how the universe works. Also when you stop and think just logically about time as linear..as having a speficic beginning, measureable in speficic constant units..well I have trounle with that just instinctively. It is kronos, our invented earth bound system of time, that lets us keep appointments, know when to plant seeds etc. etc. but kronos is a very earth bound, solar system bound idea.


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Moderators: Tonyblack, Jason, Toothy
=Tamar wrote:raisindot wrote:In case you UKers and Commonwealthers want to see what a genuine New England Nor'Easter can do:
Whilst the storm was going on....
What it looks like after you (er, your children) shovel out 30" of snow.
I remember doing that as a kid in NH. Back when snow shovels were a frill... we used solid, heavy coal shovels.
Ghost wrote:I could let you have some of the snow round here but you'd have to collect it your self
I used to do with balloons(without the colours though) but as I don't get all that snow,I just used to stick it in the freezer. Then watch my makeshift crystal ball melt in my hands afterwards.Sister Jennifer wrote:Lovely pictures.
Apologies if this has been posted before. This is definitely something I'd like to try.
Balloons filled with coloured water & left out to freeze, then cut the balloon off the ice ball.
I'd fill my yard up with them.
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Preschooler age is a period of intense curiosity and exploration. This also applies to the foods Preschoolers are offered, which they examine by touching, seeing, hearing, smelling and tasting.
Don't go overboard on beverages
Milk is an excellent source of bone-building Calcium for your child, but giving your child more milk than is recommended may leave her less hungry for other nutritious foods. The recommended amount of reduced-fat milk (2%) is 2 cups (16 fl. oz.) per day. In addition to milk, 100% fruit juice and water are also good beverage choices for your child. But, as with milk, don't let your child fill up on juice. Preschoolers shouldn't have more than 4 to 6 fl. oz. (about ½ to ¾ cup) of 100% fruit juice per day.
Vary dairy and non-dairy Calcium sources
If your child doesn't like milk, make sure her diet includes other sources of Calcium, such as yogurt or cheese. If she is sensitive to lactose, there are lots of non-dairy Calcium sources available, such as tofu, white beans, broccoli, collard greens, and canned baked beans. Many foods also have Calcium added, including orange juice, breakfast cereals, instant oatmeal, breads, and soy milk.
Limit sweetened foods
Babies are born with a natural preference for sweet tastes, so it's no surprise that many Preschoolers love cookies, candy, and other sweetened foods. Nutrient-dense, age-appropriate foods—such as fruit (peeled and diced before serving), vegetables (cooked, peeled, and diced before serving), yogurt and cereal—are good alternatives to sweetened foods and can help establish healthy eating habits.
Keep nutritious foods on hand
Replace sugary sweets and salty chips with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Keep nutritious snacks on hand, like whole-grain crackers, dried fruit snacks made with real fruit, yogurt, and canned or fresh fruit prepared especially for Preschooler developmental needs.
Go for key nutrients
Many Preschoolers don't get the recommended amount of Vitamin E, fiber, or Potassium each day. Here are some foods that provide these nutrients:
Follow her hunger and fullness cues. Never force her to finish a snack or meal. Remember this rule: It's your job to provide nutritious foods at regular meal and snack times, but it's her job to decide whether and how much to eat.
Track your baby's growth
Plan your child's menus


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For Immediate Release: May 25, 2012
The Alexandria Commission for the Arts is seeking volunteers to serve on the Public Art Committee. The Public Art Committee provides advice to the Arts Commission and staff on the acquisition and funding of public art in the City. Volunteers should plan to devote 12 – 16 hours per month as members of the Public Art Committee. All Committee meetings, held on a monthly basis, are open to the public.
There are two vacancies. One vacancy is for an individual who is artist or arts professional and a resident who will represent the West End of Alexandria. This candidate will serve a a partial term ending November 1, 2012. The second vacancy is for an architect, and a resident who will represent Del Ray. This candidate will serve a a partial term ending November 17, 2012. Seccessful candidates may reapply for a three-year term after serving the partial terms listed.
Applications must be received no later than 5 p.m. on Friday, June 29, 2012. The Commission will review the applications and appoint the new members at the July 17, 2012 Arts Commission meeting.
As mandated in the City's Policy on Acquired Art, the Public Art Committee must consist of one Commissioner from the Commission for the Arts with expertise in art, up to four persons with expertise in urban planning, landscape architecture or architecture, up to four persons with expertise in art as an artist or art professional, up to four persons with an interest in art. Members may live or work in the City, though a minimum of 75% of the members of the Committee must be City of Alexandria residents. The current Co-Chairs of the Public Art Committee are Pat Miller, Chair, Alexandria Commission for the Arts and Matthew Harwood, Torpedo Factory Art Center artist.
Committee members' areas of work correspond to one of the three Planning Districts that make up the Alexandria Master Plan. Specific duties will include:
The Public Art Committee works directly with City staff on public art opportunities throughout the City and serves in an advisory role for staff and the Arts Commission. Committee volunteers serve an important role assisting the Alexandria Commission for the Arts in advancing the organization's goals, objectives and strategies.
Individuals who are interested in serving should send a letter of interest and resume or curriculum vitae to email@example.com or via postal mail to Alexandria Commission for the Arts, 1605 Cameron Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 by Friday, June 29, 2012.
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Alexandria, VA 22314703.746.4343Fax: 703.838.6344Email: Information
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Dr. Hugh Kelley B.S.,Cert.,Ph.D.,
Contact Details
Hugh Kelley joined the Department of Economics in 2009. He is a Lecturer above the bar (equivalent to an American Associate Professor with tenure). He obtained a B.Sc. (Economics) from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a PhD (International Economics) from the University of California-Santa Cruz.
Dr Kelley is the Director of the distance learning rural development BSc program (RUTAC) operated in collaboration among NUI Galway, NUI Maynooth, UCC, and UCD. He is also Director of the research center ICERTS (
Prior to coming to NUI, Galway, Dr. Kelley was a tenured Associate Professor at
Dr Kelley conducts collaborative research with researchers at a number of research institutes and Universities around the world and has held positions as Adjunct Professor at Indiana University's Department of Psychology, as a Senior Research Associate at the Workshop Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University, as a Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute in Bonn, Germany, and as Visiting Faculty at Brandeis University's Department of Economics. He has also presented his work widely at conferences and seminar series in the
He has published papers in Economic Inquiry, Journal of Behavioral Finance, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, and Journal of Environmental Management, and co-authored chapters in a number of books.
Dr Kelley has also pursued an active funded research agenda. In addition to numerous travel and small University grants he has contributed to three large research grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, an FP7 Framework grant from the European Commission, and an Irish Department of Agriculture and Food Research Stimulus grant altogether helping garner research funds worth over 4 million euro since 2000.
Research Interests
| My research is concerned with quantifying individual rationality, modifying existing theory to incorporate observed bounded rationality and the value of the environment, and comparing the descriptive accuracy of traditional and behavioral theories with field data. Whether this method is applied in the international finance or trade realm, or in the resource, environmental, or agricultural economics realm, simply reflects small theoretical modeling changes or tests with different data. The integrated experimental, theoretical, and field data approach I employ could in fact be applied in any field of economic inquiry. Overall, my work is an extension beyond traditional general-equilibrium representative-agent economic theory. I am one of the few researchers applying the innovative agent based method to economic activity and empirically validating such models with field data. My approach reflects a more integrated economic, psychological, and natural science methodology than is typically applied.
In the future I intend to maintain my focus on experimental and behavioral economics and to continue investigating forms of decision making that are the most externally descriptive of humans. I have a keen interest in international economics and intend to continue investigating the impacts of individual firm's response to policy incentives. I will continue working in the area of environmental and resource economics and hope to increasingly link this work to the energy economics domain.
Research Projects
Project: INFLUENCE OF NEIGHBOURS AND SOCIAL NORMS, HUGH KELLY ( RCS1104)
Role: ROLE_DESC
Description: DESCRIPTION
Start/End Dates: 10-JAN-11 / 30-SEP-13
Peer Reviewed Journals
|Kelley, H., van Rensburg, T., Yadav, L. (2012) 'A micro-simulation evaluation of the effectiveness of a grass root agri-environmental scheme'. Land Use Policy, . [Details]
|Kelley, H. & T. Evans (2011) 'The relative influences of land-owner and landscape heterogeneity in an agent-based model of land use'. Ecological Economics, 70 (6):1075-1087. [DOI] [Details]
|Kelley, H., Busemeyer, J. (2008) 'A comparison of models for learning how to integrate multiple cues in order to forecast continuous criteria: A comparison of least squares and neural network approaches'. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 52 . [Details]
|Evans, T., Sun W., Kelley, H. (2006) 'Spatially explicit experiments for the exploration of land-use decision-making dynamics'. International Journal of Geog. Information Science, 20 (9). [Details]
|Kelley, H. & T. Evans (2006) 'Assessing the transition from deforestation to forest regrowth with an agent-baseed model of land cover change for south-central Indiana'. Geoform, 39 (2). [Details]
|Kelley, H. (2004) 'Asset pricing with behavioral traders: A test of the country fund discount'. Journal of Behavioral Finance 5, 5 (4). [Details]
|Evans, T., Kelley, H. (2004) 'Multi-scale analysis of a household level agent-based model of land cover change'. Journal of Environmental Management, 72 :1-2. [Details]
|Kelley, H. & Friedman, D. (2002) 'Learning to forecast price'. Economic Inquiry, 40 (4). [Details]
|Kitzis, S., Kelley, H., Berg, E., Massaro, D., Friedman, D. (1998) 'Broadening the tests of learning models'. Jounral of Mathematical Psychology, 42 :2-3. [Details]
Working Paper
|Jeserich, N., Kelley, H., Toft, G., Cole, G. (2012) Cross state differences in high growth businesses: Policy impacts. Working Paper [Details]
Book Chapters
|Kelley, H. & T. Evans (2010) 'Measuring the impact of behavioural traders in the market for closed-end country funds from 2002 to 2009. In Handbook of Behavioural Finance, Bruce, B. (ed.)' In: Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. [Details]
|Kelley, H., Friedman, D. (2008) 'Learning to forecast rationally. In Charles Plott and Vernon Smith (eds.) The Handbook of Experimental Economics Result' In: Amsterdam: Elsevier. [Details]
|Friedman, D., Kelley, H. (2003) 'Asset market experiments. In Nadel, L. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science' In: London: Macmillan. [Details]
|Hoffman, M., Kelley, H., Evans, T. (2002) 'Simulating land-cover change in South-Central Indiana. In Janssen, M. (ed.) Complexity and ecosystem management: The theory and practice of multi-agent systems' In: Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. [Details]
|Van Rensburg, T., Kelley, H., Yadav, L. (2009) Socio-economics of Farming for Conservation in the Burren. Burren Project Report. Workshops [Details]
Teaching Interests
Environmental Economic Modeling EC561. Masters
Macroeconomics EC510. MBA.
Advanced Economic Theory EC385. Undergraduate.
Cost Benefit Analysis EC226. Undergraduate.
Introductory Microeconomics EC118/EC871. Undergraduate.
Survey of International Economics EC382. Undergraduate.
Rural Development Adult Education Undergraduate


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