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Moving toward a transportation system that fuels healthy people and a healthy planet.
It's like a small-town scene from Norman Rockwell, updated for the 21st Century.
A Latino family strolls leisurely through the park, immersed in conversation. Coming up fast behind is a blonde woman in designer exercise gear and earplugs, intent on maintaining her power-walking pace. Bringing up the rear is a young man with his Husky, both of them staring up at a patch of sun that has appeared from behind the clouds.
In real life, this is Albert Lea, Minnesota, a town of 18,000 working to prove that healthy lifestyles like walking and good nutrition are not just big city things. "We're not a resort town or a college town, we're an ag-based rural city promoting healthy living because it's the right thing to do and it's how we want to live and want our children to live," explains Ellen Kehr, a former city council member who is a leader in the effort to make Albert Lea healthier.
It's mistakenly assumed that no one in smaller communities walks, except between their pick-up truck and the Walmart entrance. Actually, walking is far more common in smaller communities across the country than people think. In towns of 10,000-50,000, 8.5 percent of all trips are made on foot, second only to "urban core" communities, according to the US Department of Transportation's National Household Travel Survey. In smaller towns 2500 to 10,000, walking accounts for 7.2 percent of trips--higher than in most suburban communities.
Albert Lea in many ways resembles Garrison Keillor's Lake Wobegon. It's a place "where the women are strong…and all the children are above average." That fits with goals local citizens embraced in 2009 when they adopted a community-wide approach to wellness laid out in Blues Zones, a best-selling book by National Geographic Fellow Dan Buettner, which examines places around the world where people live longest and healthiest.
What they've accomplished over the past five years offers both lessons and inspiration for smaller towns and cities across the US. "The idea is to make the healthy choice the easy choice," says Buettner, whose new book The Blue Zones Solution chronicles the progress in Albert Lea together with other community success stories around the world.
Blue Zones is now launching a second phase in town, in partnership with Healthways, a Tennessee-based company focusing on well-being improvement solutions.
Around one-quarter of adults in Albert Lea participated in the first Blue Zones project, along with half of local workplaces and nearly all kids in grades 3-8. Encouraging everyone to engage in more physical activity was a chief thrust of the campaign, which was funded in part by AARP.
It appears to have worked. Even on a gray, chilly weekday afterno
on, the new 5-mile trail around Fountain Lake draws more walkers and bikers than you'd expect in a town set among soybean fields of southern Minnesota. The downtown, which borders the park, is filled with people on foot heading between the bank, the library, the kitchen store, clothing stores, churches, schools, restaurants, and-- in a perfect Prairie Home Companion touch--the Sportman's Tavern, which advertises "cabbage roll hotdish" as the daily special.
Walking has increased 70 percent in the last five years, according to pedestrian counts conducted by the National Vitality Center, a local initiative working on the community health campaign. Smoking has also dropped four percent, and Blue Zones participants collectively lost almost four tons of weight, notes Buettner. Residents formed about thirty groups to walk or bike together regularly, nearly half of which are still going strong five years later.
City Council member Al Brooks, who now walks 2 ½ miles every day, credits the campaign with big improvements in his own health. "When I started four years ago, I had high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Now my cholesterol is lower, my blood pressure is 116/70 and I lost 15 p
After being launched in Albert Lea, the Blue Zones idea has now been taken to Fort Worth, Texas; Naples, Florida; Southern California; and across the states of Iowa and Hawaii.
Albert Lea's impressive health gains are paying off in many ways. Good Morning America broadcast live from the shores of Fountain Lake to tell the country what was happening here-- part of a wave of media attention which is valuable to the town's future prospects, says City Manager Chad Adams.
Adams stresses that a lively, walkable community is key to attracting businesses as well as the families and young people that Albert Lea needs to thrive in decades to come. Briana Czer, a young bank manager who moved here a year ago, thinks this strategy is working. "I like how walkable Albert Lea is. When people walk more, they socialize more. That helps connect everyone and makes me feel more part of the community," she says.
So how exactly did Albert Lea get more people back on their feet walking, especially in a rural region where driving is deeply embedded in the fabric of everyday life?
It was a combination of: 1) creating a public education campaign about the health advantages of physical activity; 2) organizing people into informal social groups to walk or bike regularly; and 3) making the city's streets and parks more safe and appealing for pedestrians. Here are some of the accomplishments:
-A community-wide focus on physical activity--enlisting civic organizations, businesses, schools, public agencies, the media and citizens--offered continual reinforcement for people to get out and walk. "It has reconnected our community in a way that I never thought possible," notes Randy Kehr, executive director of the Chamber of Commerce (and husband of Ellen Kehr). "Sociability is as important to health as exercise and eating."
-Walking groups, which serve as an incentive to get off the sofa, even when you feel lazy or it's freezing outside. This makes physical activity a social occasion to look forward to. In Albert Lea, walking groups are generally 4-10 people committed to walking together 3-7 times a week.
-Downtown was made more walkable by widening sidewalks, eliminating unnecessary traffic lanes, restoring diagonal parking, replacing some stoplights with stop signs, and "bumping out" sidewalks into the intersection, which shortens the crossing distance on busy streets.
-Sidewalks were added to six-and-a-half miles of city streets in strategic locations near schools, senior centers and businesses.
-A bikeway along Front Street now connects a state park to downtown and a commercial street on the city's west side. Bicycling has risen 74 percent on the street, according to the National Vitality Project's count.
"Small towns can reinvent themselves as places faster than big towns," explained Dan Burden--one of America's foremost authorities on walkable communities--to a roomful of city, county and state officials at Albert Lea's City Hall working on further improvements for the town.
Former Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinator for the State of Florida, Burden is the Johnny Appleseed of urban vitality, who has brought ideas for walkability and livability to over 3500 North American communities in the past 18 years. He helped Albert Lea citizens map out their original healthy cities strategies in 2009 as part of the Blue Zones team, and has now returned for the new phase of work as the organization's Director of Innovation.
"When I first came into Albert Lea, I'll be honest, it looked like the downtown was closed," he admitted to the local officials. "There were businesses but there was no life in the streets. That's changed now. Albert Lea, I am proud of you."
Albert Lea is part of the wave of smaller communities around the country showing that walking is not just a big city pastime:
Batesville, Arkansas (pop. 10,500): Even smaller than Albert Lea, Batesville has revived its downtown by slowing traffic speeds, narrowing streets, restoring diagonal parking, bumping out sidewalks into intersections and building recreational trails along the White River.
Hamburg, New York (pop, 57,000): This upstate city is a national leader in building roundabouts, which reduce crashes and tame busy streets so that pedestrians and bicyclists feel safe crossing.
Murray, Kentucky (pop. 18,000): The streets here were so dangerous that children were prohibited from walking or biking to school. Local officials stepped in to build three miles of sidewalks around schools and in low-income neighborhoods.
Hendersonville, North Carolina (pop. 13,000): A busy road bisecting downtown was narrowed to two lanes with wider sidewalks and traffic calming features. The results: an increase in people walking and a plunge in retail vacancies to almost zero.
Photos courtesy of Blue Zones
Jay Walljasper writes, speaks, edits and consults about creating stronger, more vital communities. He is author of The Great Neighborhood Book and All That We Share: A Field Guide to the Commons. Find him online at his personal website.
In March I showed you a photo of MPX (MOTHER's Pickup eXperiment) just as we'd crossed over the Oregon border. I wanted you to see the aerocap in its full glory, so I cropped out the punch line: MPX had been towing an automobile factory, all the way from Maryland.
Okay, that's a slight exaggeration. It wasn't a complete factory...but it was all the molds and fixtures and tools to make a Lotus 11 replica (called Kokopelli if you're googling), and it was lashed to a twin axle car trailer and it was right up there at the rated towing capacity of this compact pickup, 3500 pounds. Plus I had plenty of cargo on board the truck itself (likely approaching the rated cargo capacity of 1640 pounds if you include the weight of Yours Truly in the front seat).
I had two reasons for subjecting myself (and MPX) to the ordeal of a coast-to-coast trip with its maximum payload. The first, of course, is I needed to get all that equipment from its home to my home, and there was a continent in the way. The second is I wanted to do some real world testing with the standard hundred-horse engine in a variety of conditions, doing real truck stuff—the sort of work that makes people buy a pickup instead of a car.
Well I'll tell you, by the time I'd driven crossed the Appalachian Mountains, I'd decided that a hundred horsepower was the practical minimum with a load like this, and I hadn't even left Maryland yet. Most of my transcontinental trip was in fifth gear, but I saw a lot of fourth while approaching the Continental Divide, and no small amount of third gear in the steep stuff. And at one point, in some extremely steep stuff, I was creeping along in second, in the extreme right lane with the other professional truckers.
So don't I wish I owned a bigger truck with a bigger engine? Actually, I don't. I've had one comparably laden truck-and-trailer trip before, and that was back in '85. A long heavy haul every 30 years does not justify owning a specialized heavy hauler. If I hadn't been doing this MPX project, I might have rented a truck one-way, or found somebody who was driving a big pickup cross country and hired him or her to hook my trailer on the back. Mind you, if you haul loads like this often, it will probably be worth your while to have a big powerful pickup to haul it with, but if it's annually or less, you're probably better off renting a bigger truck for those occasional big loads, hiring somebody else to haul them, or accept that a little truck that's as good as a big truck 99 percent of the time is going to be in the slow lane for the 1 percent of the time that you're working at its limit.
There is one piece of modern technology that is essential if you're going to pull big loads with a small vehicle—don't forget that after you chug up that hill like The Little Engine That Could ("I think I can, I think I can...") you're going to come down the other side, and that means the brakes on your trailer need to be up to the job. You need electric brakes (like the trailer in the photo has), or hydraulic brakes (some trailers have brake master cylinders built into the hitch), but don't expect your mini pickup to stop your maxi trailer by itself, 'cause it won't.
Photo by Jack McCornack
Check out the 100-mpg Car page; for all MOTHER's MAX stories, and Kinetic Vehicles.
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page.
Suburban life has always been synonymous with long hours in the car—going to work, school, the grocery store, the mall, soccer practice and friends' homes. Some people even drive to take a walk.
That's changing now, just like the stereotype of suburbs as places where everyone's white, married with children and plays golf at the country club. From Bethesda, Maryland to Edina, Minnesota to Kirkland, Washington, citizens are reinventing their towns to better accommodate walkers. Traffic is being tamed on busy streets. New sidewalks and trails are being constructed. Business districts are coming to life thanks to growing foot traffic.
Leading the charge are suburban leaders who see their communities' continuing prosperity and quality-of-life dependent on creating lively walkable places that attract young people, families and businesses wanting to locate where the action is. Walking is gaining popularity across the US for both transportation and recreation because it improves health, fosters community and saves money.
The best place to experience the future of suburban living is Arlington County, Virginia, right across the Potomoc River from Washington, DC. Built up during the 1950s, '40s and late '30s, after autos already dominated American life, it's a classic suburb full of freestanding homes with driveways and green lawns. Nonetheless it's been named one of the 14 best "Walk Friendly" communities in America by the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center at the University of North Carolina and one of the 25 Best Cities for Walking by Prevention magazine.
In Arlington's Courthouse/Clarendon district, even on an unseasonably frigid Friday evening, you'll find folks walking their dogs, pushing baby strollers, toting home groceries, out strolling or heading to health clubs, shops, restaurants and movie theaters.
The next morning is windy with snow flurries, but the wide sidewalks of Arlington's Virginia Square/Ballston district hums with people running errands at the bank, the cleaners, the mall, the tailors, the print shop, the pharmacy, the hair salon and the phone store. A lot of shoppers popped over from nearby apartment buildings and townhomes that have grown up recently what once was a struggling commercial strip, while others strolled from nearby single family homes.
Clarendon/Courthouse and Ballston/Virginia Square are both served by a regional train system, a boost for walkable communities that most American suburbs won't have access to anytime soon. But pedestrians flourish in Arlington neighborhoods distant from train lines too.
The Westover neighborhood sports a typically Mid-Century design with parking lots in front of many businesses but still offers friendly streetlife. A trio of middle schoolers walk home from the grocery with lunch fixings, while neighbors stop for a chat on their way to the hardware store, library, pharmacy, barbershop, bus stop, the Lost Dog Café or the Stray Cat café.
Meanwhile the brand new Shirlington community, rising out of the ashes of a failed shopping center, feels like a suburban village. A Main Street built in what was a parking lot invites you to take an afternoon stroll browsing a wide selection of shops, ethnic restaurants, a library, a full-service grocery and Bus Boys & Poets, a popular bookstore. A few steps away are movie theaters, service businesses like hair salons and yoga studios, office buildings, townhomes, apartments, a bus station and parking garages.
These neighborhoods stretch over six miles in the heart of Arlington (which is both a city and a county at the same time), but you can reach them all on foot via pedestrian-friendly city streets or Arlington's 50-mile trail network.
Arlington did not become a pedestrian success story overnight. The sidewalks are lively today thanks to a series of smart decisions carried out over several decades. The story of this community's rise to become America's most walkable suburb offers lessons for towns everywhere wanting to thrive in the years to come.
As an early model for the auto-oriented development that popped up all over the country after World War II, Arlington also become one of the first suburbs to experience the inevitable side effects of aging. The county population dropped from 174,000 in 1970 to 152,500 in 1980 as new land to develop became scarce and kids who grew up there moved away.
"In the 1970s this was a declining inner ring suburb," notes Chris Zimmerman, who served on the county board for 18 years. "I moved here in 1979 because of the cheap rent. Arlington was a stopover for a lot of people until they could afford to move somewhere else"-- a familiar scene today in thousands of suburban communities.
The first step in Arlington's revival was improved transit service, including a number of stops on the Washington Metro subway system. But most of the streets were still designed to move cars as quickly as possible with little regard for the impact on pedestrians and surrounding neighborhoods. "When I took office in 1996, traffic was the biggest issue in every neighborhood. People were worried about their kids walking to school," notes Zimmerman, who left the county board in 2013 to become Vice-president of Economic Development for Smart Growth America.
The county board, spurred on by neighborhood leaders, adopted an "urban village" approach to planning, which Zimmerman says, "really resonated with people-- the idea of comfort and community while still being cosmopolitan. Being both suburban and urban at the same time."
One strong focus of this plan was to make walking more safe and convenient. A task force on traffic calming was launched and the outdated policy of charging homeowners for the cost of building new sidewalks--still common throughout the US--was eliminated.
Ninety percent of all residential streets now have sidewalks (up from 73 percent in 1997), and traffic on seven of the county's nine busiest roads has declined between 5 and 23 percent since 1996. As a result, walking and biking now account for16.6 percent of all trips around town.
The county's population has now climbed to 220,000, and it's attracting many young professionals and families who could afford to live in wealthier suburbs but prefer Arlington's walkability and sense of community.
"This could be done anywhere," Zimmerman counsels. "It doesn't depend on big-scale transit, it depends on good urban design."
Peter Owen, a lawyer who grew up in nearby McLean, Virginia, chose to live in Arlington after studying at University of Virginia, William & Mary and Harvard because he wanted to be close to his family but still enjoy opportunities to walk.
Still old habits die hard, he admits. "It took me about four months of living here to stop driving in my car to the grocery store, even though I lived just a few blocks away." Owen still owns a car, but says it stays in the garage most of the time.
When asked why walking is so important to him, Owen has plenty to say: "I value the serendipitous encounters with my neighbors and the sense of connection to this place. You notice lots more things, like kids playing, when you're living at five miles per hour."
"It's dramatically different walking here than in the 1990s," says Dennis Leach, Arlington's Director of Transportation, who lived here for years before joining the county staff. "You see all these people in places that used to be nowhere. It shows that if you do the infrastructure and land use right, you can provide people more viable transportation options and good places to walk, which has benefits for social equity, health and a sense of community."
Key actions that make Arlington's streets more walkable include:
• Crosswalks, which are clearly defined so motorists know where to look for walkers;
• Bulb outs, which extend the sidewalk a few feet into an intersection to shorten pedestrians' crossing distance;
• Median islands, which offer pedestrians a mid-point refuge while crossing wide, busy streets;
• Bike lanes, which not only encourage people to bike instead of drive, but also increase the distance between sidewalks and rushing traffic;
• Pro-pedestrian zoning, which enhances the walking experience through measures like requiring first-floor retail shops or windows on buildings along pedestrian routes;
• Road Diets, a new step for Arlington, in which moderately traveled four lane road are reduced to two through-lanes with an alternating left-turn lane in the middle, creating space for bike lanes or wider sidewalks
• Complete Streets, a county policy that all modes of transportation must be considered in street reconstruction projects;
• Transportation Demand Management, a sophisticated strategic plan that looks at traffic issues involved in all development decisions, and offers incentives for businesses to locate in walkable places served by transit.
Of course, it takes more than crosswalks and sidewalks to get people walking. That's why nearly everyone I spoke with Arlington pointed to the work of WalkArlington, a county-sponsored initiative to encourage people to get back on their feet.
WalkArlington developed 25 walking routes known as Walkabouts around the county, highlighting neighborhoods' history, community resources and attractions. The WalkArlington Works program helps employers and staff to boost walking in the workplace, both for commuting and breaks during the workday. The organization is part the county's Car-Free Diet program, an innovative approach that helps families figure how living without a car or car lite (using just one private car) would work for them. WalkArlington also excites kids about getting around on foot with programs such as Walk to School Day and walking school buses (in which parents become bus drivers on foot, picking up kids at their doors and walking them to school).
Arlington is taking steps toward fulfilling the dream of many residents, best articulated by the county's former Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinator Charlie Denney who grew up here: "Our goal would be to build a community where every 8-year-old can go all by themselves to buy an ice cream cone."
Walking is gaining ground in many post-World War II suburban communities, including:
Edina, Minnesota — In 1956 this town just outside Minneapolis inaugurated the modern suburban era by opening the first enclosed shopping mall surrounded by vast acres of parking. Now Edina is working hard to evolve into a 21st century suburb, where there's a place for walking and biking too.
Lakewood, Colorado —This Denver suburb traded a failed shopping mall for a built-from-scratch downtown offering shops, homes, offices, restaurants, Whole Foods, Target, a town common, a bowling alley and an Irish pub, all within close and pleasurable walking distance.
Bethesda, Silver Spring & White Flint, Maryland — Real estate developer and business professor Christopher Leinberger calls the DC region the most walkable metropolitan area in the US, edging out New York City on the strength of its suburban areas. Indeed, Silver Spring, White Flint and Bethesda may someday challenge Arlington for the title of America's most walkable suburb.
Kirkland, University Place, Sammamish, Redmond & Bellevue, Washington---Seattle is neck-and-neck with DC for pioneering walkable suburbs. Dan Burden, one of America's leading experts on pedestrian friendly communities who works with Blue Zones, lists these five towns as taking big steps: Kirkland, Bellevue, University Place, Redmond and Sammamish.
And it's worth keeping an eye on Tigard, Oregon, a Portland suburb, whose city council passed a resolution last November to make the community "the most walkable city in the Pacific Northwest.
Jay Walljasper writes, speaks and consults about how to create more healthy, happy, enjoyable communities. He is the author of the Great Neighborhood Book. You can check out his website, too.
I heard mentioned in passing recently that many American cities were designed for cars, not people. The comment seems unfortunately and oddly true. I define a city as a place where lots of people work, play, live, and gather. Because people are at the forefront of my definition of "city," I am left questioning why the coupling of cars and people became so concrete. Ultimately, I want to explore how to detach that outdated and inefficient bond of people to personal cars in my city, Seattle.
Brent Toderian, a former chief city planner for Vancouver, B.C., has been exploring this area. He highlights the health opportunity in making cities easier for people to get around without cars, building body movement into our daily transportation routines. One example he gives of healthy urban transportation is the escalator and gondola systems in Medellin, Columbia. I remember when I lived in Belgium, how mass transit and walking were part of everyday life. I had no need for a car then, which was good for my health and added to my sense of community.
In Seattle, our last mayor was hot to make our city more bicycle friendly, much to the dismay of many. As a driver, I do see a struggle, although reconcilable, between car drivers and bicyclists. Bikes can be difficult to see, and bicyclist's navigating decisions can be unpredictable as they swap between car and pedestrian rules at their own convenience. On the other hand, some car drivers act aggressively toward bike riders. I feel that traffic flows best when everyone is responsible for watching out for themselves by being aware of those around them, and being as polite as possible.
Seattle also has an adequate bus system. They keep raising rates, which makes it expensive for the working class, and they keep reducing services and stops, but it connects most sections of our city. Walking is more of an option in densely populated intercity areas. However, our city's affordable housing seems to be disappearing, so walking commutes are becoming more of a luxury.
What used to be a twenty-minute commute from my home in North Seattle to downtown, can now take me up to an hour and half. If you ignore the waste of time, which as you know is my most precious commodity, and you just take a look at the Earth's resources, the rise in travel time is unacceptable. So how do we change this and make our Emerald City more sustainable and livable? In my vision, we choose three or four innovative transportation methods (bikes, light rail, gondolas, and walking) and interlink them while we wait for shareable community cars that drive themselves.
What initiative transportations do you think we can link together to make our cities more livable? Can you help limit your gas usage and emission footprint? How can you help shift your the transportation around you?
MPX (Mother's Pickup eXperiment) deserves its own header, and mixing MPX with MAX is confusing (even to me) so I'm calling this post MPX's first update. You can read the MPX project overview here.
Here's MPX (Mother's Pickup eXperiment) on its way home from the MOTHER EARTH NEWS FAIR in Seven Springs, Pennsylvania. I had just crossed over the Oregon border when I took these photos, and as you can see it was taken last year. How can you tell? Because it isn't raining.
Yes folks, we're currently celebrating the annual Oregon Rain Festival. We don't have the least pleasant winters in the country—not by a long shot—but our winters are serious enough to interfere with testing. Mileage when it's cold and wet and windy is significantly worse than mileage when it's warm and dry and calm, and if there are rules of thumb for "How much worse is it, Jack?" I sure don't know them...but summer-and-winter are apples-and-oranges when it comes to comparative fuel economy testing. And so, for now, we have to rely on last year's preliminary test data, but that's enough to show that this streamlined bed cover gives a good bang for the buck. I can't be precise yet, but over-the-road fuel economy has gone from a smidgeon (see what I told you about precision?) under 25 MPG to within spitting range of 30 MPG. That's like finding a gallon of free fuel every 150 miles or so—Free Fuel In The Wind, to quote Phil Knox. If that doesn't impress you, think of the savings over the life of the vehicle: if MPX's first owner streamlined the bed the day it rolled off the showroom floor, it would have saved well over a thousand gallons of gas by now.
Which ain't bad for a DIY plank-and-plywood bed cover, which you can crank out in a week of evenings for around $125 in materials. It also offers most of the features you expect in a bed cover, such as keeping your possessions dry—and with the addition of a hasp and padlock, keeping your possessions in your possession.
This is not exactly an aerodynamic breakthrough. Lots of eco-modders have made their own (enough that there's a generic name for them; they're known as "aerocaps" among us high mileage zealots) and they average between 12 percent and 15 percent in claimed highway mileage improvement. It makes you wonder why you have to Do It Yourself...if they're that great, why aren't aerocaps commercially available? We'll have to get into that in another update.
Check out the 100-mpg car page for all Mother's MAX stories, and Kinetic Vehicles to make your own Max.
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page.
I apologize for September's lack of blog post—I was running around doing stuff, including attending the Seven Springs MOTHER EARTH NEWS FAIR, where I ran a little workshop on the Mother's Pickup Experiment (MPX). Just before I left, I shot this video where the MPX, unmodified from its stock form (a 1994 Toyota Hilux with mumbledy-mumble miles on the clock), was the control group for a rolling resistance reduction demonstration, starring MAX.
MAX has obvious features to decrease its aerodynamic drag (though not so obvious in this video because I was working on some body mods that day and the doors and windshield were removed), and it also has some more subtle features to decrease its rolling resistance (Goodyear Assurance Fuel Max tires and Lucas Oil synthetic lubricants), which is a catch-all phrase meaning "all the drag that isn't aerodynamic drag."
Rolling resistance is all the little frictions—the drag of the wheel bearings, the drag of the gears stirring up the fluid in the transmission, the drag of the tires flexing as they roll—that dominate the total drag package at low speed. Rolling resistance (unlike air resistance) is pretty much constant; if you pushed your car with a bathroom scale between you and the back bumper, the poundage the scale would read would be about the same at a steady 1 mph or a steady 5 mph (or in theory, in a vacuum, a steady 50 or 100 mph). One result of this is, if you have a slope that is steep enough that your car will start rolling, it will keep rolling.
The access road at my local airport has a slight slope—slight enough that you sure don't notice it when you walk on it, it's only about an inch down for every ten feet forward. Most of the time you don't notice the slope when you park on it, either, because most cars just sit there. In fact, the first time I got out of MAX out there and MAX wandered off on its own, I was pretty surprised. Since that day, I use the parking brake all the time*, regardless of how flat the road feels.
So here's the video, with my usual goofball production values (or lack thereof). It only takes a minute to watch, and I hope you enjoy it.
Check out how to make your own MAX.
*It's such a habit now that I left the parking brake on for my first take of this video. For the second (and last) take, I blocked the driver's side rear wheel with a dime-sized piece of gravel, which was an easy rollover, and looked much more professional than pushing and grunting and going nowhere.
Video by Jack McCornack
According to statistics, the US release the second highest amount of carbon emissions in the world, after China. A staggering 33% of the US carbon emissions that are released comes from transportation, with 60% of the transportation emissions coming from gasoline for cars and light trucks. This means that transportation is the second largest contributor of U.S greenhouse gas emissions after the electricity sector.
Since 1990 greenhouse gas emissions from transportation have increased by roughly 18%, which is largely due to an increasing demand for travel. Furthermore, the number of vehicles travelled by car and light trucks has increased by 35% from 1990 to 2012. Again, this is for a number of different reasons ranging from population growth, economic growth, urban sprawl and low fuel prices early on in this period.
Although efforts have already been increased to reduce the amount of carbon emissions created by transport, such as the EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) taking coordinated steps to enable the production of a new generation of clean vehicles, through reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improved fuel use from on-road vehicles and engines, from the smallest cars to the largest trucks, there is still a lot more that needs to be done if the US are ever going to achieve their goal of reducing carbon emission by 30% from 2005 levels, as announced by President Obama.
Efforts should be increased to encourage more U.S. citizens to change their travel habits and make more eco-friendly choices. Whether it is public transport, car sharing or walking/running/biking whenever or wherever possible. It would be beneficial to introduce more incentives for Americans to actually travel in a more environmentally friendly way, such as the bike to work scheme that is being used in the UK. If UK businesses opt into the bike to work scheme, both employers and employees can benefit, including getting a bike for a discounted price, saving money on traveling costs, get more fit and healthy as well as significantly reducing their carbon footprint. If more American businesses had a scheme similar to this, it would all contribute to making the U.S a greener country.
Although it would be great if everyone could run, walk, bike everywhere and get public transport at any point of the day, in reality this is not at all possible for every U.S citizen. However, that doesn't mean to say that people can't travel in a more green way. 60 percent of transportation emissions come from gasoline for cars and light trucks, but this figure could significantly be reduced if more U.S citizens opted for 'green' cars. For example, a gasoline-powered car that gets 20mpg releases 20lbs of CO2 in comparison to a plug-in hybrid car that gets 100mpg releases just 4 lbs of CO2.
One issue that might be raised from this point is the expense of buying a newer 'greener' car, which many U.S. citizens may not be able to afford. However, it could be argued that many green cars have been made to be affordable to a large target market. Alternatively, there is the option of car financing which again is something that many UK citizens have chosen to do in order to get the car they like as well as obtain a greener lifestyle. For example, Simon Gray at Credo Asset Finance, who offer car finance in Norwich, is delighted to see so many people seeing the benefits of car finance:
"We are delighted at the increasing interest in people coming to us for the best car finance deals around so that they can get the car they want at an affordable price for them. As 'being green' has become an increasing important issue for many consumers' lifestyles, we have seen a growing interest in people opting for cars that are better for the environment."
So, although strategies are already being put in place to reduce the amount of carbon emissions released by transport, perhaps America should introduce some more strategies to reduce transportation emissions even further in the U.S.
Photo Credit: Ian Sane
Adventure Cycling Association
Bikes Belong
Complete Streets
Drive On Wood
League of American Bicyclists
Safe Routes to School
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The Remarkable Life of Cheryl Saban
Cheryl Saban's interview was featured on The Right Stripes Website. See the article here!Read more
Woman's Self Worth Foundationlearn more
Free iPhone
Affirmations App
Though our self-worth and personal power came with our birth certificate, claiming possession and actualizing these qualities can be a challenge. We all want to live happy and successful lives, but some of us need help... I know I did. Within the pages of my book, you'll find messages of hope, hard-won tips of wisdom and the guidance you'll need to inspire you to rediscover your inner resources.
Each one of us has the ability to fulfill our potential if we have access to the right tools. Your tools are within you. Once you recognize that you have the power to impact the trajectory of your own lives, you will experience true freedom.
Cheryl Saban's interview was featured on The Right Stripes Website. See the article here!Read more
Follow me on Twitter! @csaban
My Self Worth Foundation for Women & Girls considers education, healthcare, reproductive rights, freedom from violence, and personal empowerment of utmost importance.
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Providing leading care and research for women's heart issues.
Empowering students to stay in school and achieve in life.
Supporting professionals who seek transition into teaching math or science in underserved schools.
Advancing equality, non-violence, economic development, and empowerment of all women and girls.
Providing computer science education and exposure to 1 million young women by 2020.
Empowering incarcerated women to make positive decisions.
Investing in women entrepreneurs through direct services and microloans.
Funding women's solutions across the globe.
Empowering American Indian women through higher education scholarships.
Empowering female business owners through access to capital and financial education.
Empowering female business owners through access to capital and financial education.
Giving women a stronger voice through economic empowerment.
Giving women a stronger voice through economic empowerment.
Providing education and social welfare for Israel's young and under-served.
Preparing young at-risk women for military service and leadership roles.
Inspiring all girls to be strong, smart, and bold.
Providing computer science education and exposure to 1 million young women by 2020.
Providing women around the world with education and a life free of gender-based violence.
Providing aid to families of America's armed services.
Empowering incarcerated women to make positive decisions.
Do you want to know three things
that can make that happen?
Do something you're
passionate about.
Nurture your family & your friendships.learn more
Use the tools you've been given to make your life, and the world around you, better.learn more


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Timberland Men's Chocorua 8" GORE-TEX Hiking Boots
$107.93 $139.99*
Save $32.06 (23%)
Product Information:
Ground-gripping traction and premium warmth take you over the snowscape in the Timberland ® Chocorua 8" GORE-TEX® hiking boot. Waterproof/breathable GORE-TEX® guarantees dryness, while 400 grams of Thinsulate™ insulation yields warmth in cold-weather climates. EVA midsole material absorbs shock and adds cushioning, and the Green Rubber™ outsole maximizes traction on snow-covered surfaces.
- Premium full-grain waterproof leather upper for protection keeps the foot cool and dry
- Adjustable lacing system allows for a personalized fit
- Waterproof, breathable GORE-TEX® membrane protects feet against the elements
- 400 grams of Thinsulate™ insulation delivers warmth and comfort with each wear
- Removable, contoured sockliner adds comfort in the underfoot
- EVA midsole provides lightweight cushioning and shock absorption
- Green Rubber™ lug outsole made with 42% recycled rubber grips snowy surfaces for premium traction
- Height: 8"
- Style: 53100
- Timberland
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 12315712
Customer Reviews:
Rated 4.7 out of 5 by 3 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by dan315 Great Boot!! I also got this boot on sale and used a $20 off coupon, I usually wear sneakers or winter boots, but I can tell you that this boot is my footwear of choice during the winter. Very warm, comfortable and lightweight, they were a great deal!! December 23, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by Opie Good boot,Great deal This boot is very comfortable for working on your feet outside most days. It fits true to size and is lightweight. I got a great deal at 50% off original price on a Christmas sale. December 19, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by LanceD Great Value Got this online and on sale. Right out of the box went on a 7 mile back country hike in the Everglades water catchment area. Great comfort, GoreTex waterproofing worked as advertised, outstanding ankle support and just solid overall performance!! December 19, 2012
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Gain an advanced degree that will enable you to work with adults in educational settings, and allow you to contribute new knowledge to the field of adult learning.
Study with experienced educators and other professionals who want to
make a difference in the field of adult learning. This program will enable you to bring new knowledge and expertise
to your work with adult learning, whether it be in business, community
college, higher education, health care, community and social services,
corrections facilities, or other settings.
Participate in dialogue, discovery, and new knowledge in four areas of study: program design and development, adult learning theory, leadership, and research.
This course will review the theories, research, and models on adult learning and development. It explores the social context in which adults learn and develop, and the influences of race, class, gender, and culture. Students will be required to apply the material to a practice setting. This is a seminar designed for advanced graduate students.
University Graduate Council (UGC) is a university-wide body that
concentrates on the efficacy of Lesley University doctoral programs.
The council is convened by the Associate Provost and the membership
includes the deans of the Graduate School of Education and the Graduate
School of Social Sciences, the directors of doctoral programs and
specializations, and faculty representatives appointed by the school
Deans. The UGC monitors the coherence and alignment of PhD requirements
and procedures and inquires about the particular academic needs of
doctoral students and about the quality of the scholarship evident in
the research conducted by doctoral candidates.
Advanced Graduate Council (AGC) acts as the advisory board to the
director of the Educational Studies program. Its work includes the
review and evaluation of policies governing doctoral work within the
Graduate School of Education. The Director of the Educational Studies
doctoral program chairs the AGC. Faculty representatives from across the
University are named for a three-year term. Membership consists of the
coordinators of the three program specializations and other appointees
named by the dean of the Graduate School of Education.
William Stokes
Robin Roth
Professor of Sociology and Social Policy
PhD Program
PhD Faculty/Staff
Spring 2015 Graduating Students' Dissertation Topics
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Request more information
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Get your application started today!
Dr. Amy Rutstein-Riley directs the Ph.D. in Educational Studies: Adult Learning and Development Specialization. She teaches courses that include women's and girls' studies, family studies, adult learning and development, and research methods. Learn more »
Lesley University conferred 23 doctoral degrees in 2014. View this year's for the Graduate School of Education's graduates' dissertation topics.See photos from the ceremony on Facebook!