text:
An apparatus for centering a radiation delivery device at a selected location in a body vessel such as a coronary artery. An elongated catheter is insertable into the body vessel until the catheter head is in the desired position. The catheter has a guidewire lumen, inflation lumen and treatment lumen running lengthwise. The catheter head includes an expandable mechanism for engaging the vessel internal wall with the treatment lumen centered in the vessel. At least one channel is provided extending past the expandable mechanism so that a fluid, such as blood, can perfuse past the catheter head. A radiation delivery device, such as a wire having a radiation source at the distal end can be inserted into the treatment lumen to uniformly irradiate the vessel wall at the selected location.
1. Apparatus for centering a radiation delivery device at a predetermined location in a body vessel, which comprises:
an elongated tubular catheter assembly having a distal end and a proximal end;
insertion means for inserting said distal end of said catheter into a body vessel;
centering means adjacent to said distal end for centering said catheter in said body vessel at said predetermined location and for allowing perfusion of bodily fluids through said body vessel past said centering means and said radiation delivery device;
said centering means comprising at least three equal sized, spaced, elongated, outwardly extending inflatable lobes on said catheter adjacent to said distal end;
a sleeve surrounding said lobes;
means for inflating said lobes;
a central lumen in said catheter;
means adapted for inserting an elongated radiation delivery device into said central lumen until said radiation device is at said predetermined site.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said catheter further includes a guide wire lumen for receiving a guide wire for insertion of said catheter into said body vessel, an inflation lumen for passage of lobe inflation fluid and an opening between said inflation lumen and said lobes for passage of inflation fluid into said lobes.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each of said lobes has a rounded cross section.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each of said lobes has a cross section that is relatively narrower adjacent to said elongated tubular catheter and wider away from said elongated tubular catheter.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said lobes run substantially parallel to said elongated tubular catheter.
6. Apparatus for centering a radiation delivery device at a predetermined location in a body vessel, which comprises:
an elongated tubular catheter assembly having a distal end and a proximal end;
insertion means for inserting said distal end of said catheter into a body vessel;
centering means adjacent to said distal end for centering said catheter in said body vessel at said predetermined location and for allowing perfusion of bodily fluids through said body vessel past said centering means and said radiation delivery device;
said centering means comprising a plurality of equal sized, spaced outwardly extending inflatable knobs each having a base on said catheter adjacent to said distal end;
reinforcing wires extending around each of said knob bases and around said catheter adjacent to each radial set of knobs;
means for inflating said knobs with a fluid;
a central lumen in said catheter;
means adapted for inserting an elongated radiation delivery device into said central lumen until said radiation device is at said predetermined site.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said knobs extend outwardly in a plurality of radial sets of at least three knobs.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said knobs extend outwardly in pairs, knobs in each pair lying on opposite sides of said catheter and knobs in each longitudinally succeeding pair lying at about 60 to 120� to each longitudinally preceding pair.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6 further including a sleeve over said knobs.
10. Apparatus for centering a radiation delivery device at a predetermined location in a body vessel, which comprises:
an elongated tubular catheter assembly having a distal end and a proximal end;
insertion means for inserting said distal end of said catheter into a body vessel;
centering/perfusion means adjacent to said distal end for centering said catheter in said body vessel at said predetermined location and for allowing perfusion of bodily fluids through said body vessel past said radiation delivery device;
said centering/perfusion means comprising at least three spaced torsion bars each secured at a first end to said catheter and at a second end to means for moving said second end toward and away from said first end to cause each torsion bar to bulge outwardly from said catheter when said first and second ends are brought toward each other and to lie contiguous with said catheter when said first and second ends are moved away from each other;
a sleeve over said torsion bars;
a central treatment lumen in said catheter; and
means adapted for inserting a radiation delivery device into said central treatment lumen until said radiation device is at said predetermined site.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein two connected sets of said torsion bars are provided, said connected sets of torsion bars secured at a first end to said catheter and secured at a second end to said means for moving.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein a single central lumen for sequentially receiving a guide wire and for receiving a treatment device and the distal end of said catheter includes means for allowing a guide wire to pass therethrough and prevent said treatment device from passing therethrough.
This invention relates to apparatus for supporting a radiation emitting source in a body lumen such as a coronary artery which will center the source in the artery for uniform treatment of the lumen walls. In addition, the apparatus will allow fluid perfusion past the apparatus during a radiation treatment.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is often used to reduce arterial build-up of cholesterol fats or atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries. Typically a guidewire is inserted into an incision in an artery and is steered through the vascular system to the site of therapy. A guiding catheter, for example, can then be advanced over the guidewire and a balloon catheter advanced within the guiding catheter over the guidewire. The balloon at the distal end of the catheter is inflated causing the site of the stenosis to widen. While the stenosis or occlusion is greatly reduced, many patients experience a reoccurrence of the stenosis over a relatively short period. Researchers have found that angioplasty or placement of a stent in the area of the stenosis irritates the blood vessel causing rapid reproduction of the inner layer of blood vessel cells and restenosis through a mechanism called hyperplasia. It has been found that irradiating the blood vessel walls at the point of the stenosis will reduce or prevent hyperplasia. Precise control over the amount of radiation is important, since insufficient radiation will not prevent hyperplasia and excessive radiation can damage the blood vessel.
For other diagnostic or treatment purposes, it is also often desirable to introduce a small radiation source into a body vessel such as a coronary artery. Simply inserting a wire with a source secured in the wire at or near the distal end is effective in some cases. However, the wire will tend to lie along one side of the vessel, so that the near side receives significantly more radiation than the opposite, distant side. The near side could receive excessive, damaging, radiation exposure before the opposite side received the desired dose. Such a non-centering, wire-carried, radiation source is shown by Dake et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,939 and Bradshaw in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,171. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to provide a radiation delivery system that would assure that the source is centered in the vessel.
Zoumboulis, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,324,847, describes a catheter having a spherical inflatable chamber adjacent the catheter distal end. A fluid containing a radioactive material such as radioactive iodine is pumped into the chamber, inflating the chamber and treating the vessel walls with ionizing radiation. The chamber will stop blood flow, so can be inflated for only a short period. Further, precisely controlling radiation exposure and fully draining the chamber to end treatment are very difficult.
A wire carrying a radioactive source could be inserted through a catheter lumen to the balloon location. The balloon would approximately center the source in the artery. However, since many guide wires extend mainly alongside the balloon catheter and balloons generally expand somewhat unevenly, the source would not be precisely centered. Further, irradiating a segment of an artery or the like generally requires some time, typically from about 3 to 45 minutes. Since a conventional angioplasty balloon substantially shuts off blood flow through the artery, treatment can be conducted for only short periods before damage from lack of blood flow becomes significant.
Liprie, in international patent application publication number WO95/26681 describes a device for treating a vessel occlusion with radiation in which a ribbed balloon catheter is inserted into a body vessel and inflated to provide perfusion between the ribs and a wire carrying a radiation source is inserted into a lumen extending into the balloon area. This positions the radiation source generally near the center of the vessel. However, as disclosed, the lumen has a much greater inside diameter than the outside diameter of the source wire, so that the source will generally be off center, in contact with the lumen wall. This will result in uneven irradiation of the vessel wall on opposite sides.
Other ribbed arrangements, using a double spiral rib or circumferential ribs are disclosed by Bradshaw et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,171 for centering a treatment lumen in a body vessel. While useful, the lobes may not provide precise centering, especially if the treatment wire is not a good fit in the lumen.
Teirstein in U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,659 describes a series of centering wire loops for centering a wire-carried radiation source in a body vessel. The generally oval shape of the wire loops and the complexity of inserting and removing the loop device make this arrangement less than fully effective. Teirstein also shows in his FIGS. 5 and 6 an embodiment using flexible wires that can be expanded away from a central catheter. However, the use of a single set of wires extending from the distal to proximal ends of the treatment zone will tend to allow the catheter to tilt relative to the wires. Also this system does not allow the use of multiple sets of expansion wires that could be opened independently.
A series of approximately spherical balloons are used to center a radiation source in the arrangement of Verin et al. as disclosed in European patent application number 94109858.4. Although the source is centered in the vessel, lack of perfusion of blood past the site would permit only very short treatment times.
Thus, there is a continuing need for improved devices for carrying a radiation source to a desired site along a body vessel that can be easily and accurately inserted into and removed from even very small vessels and which accurately center the source in the vessel while permitting effective perfusion so that treatment can be conducted over reasonably long periods.
The above-noted problems, and others, are overcome in accordance with this invention by an apparatus for centering a radiation delivery device in a body vessel which basically comprises an elongated tubular catheter assembly having a catheter head at a distal end and at least one lumen extending therethrough, means for inserting the catheter head into a body vessel to a treatment location, the catheter head including means for centering the lumen in the body vessel, means for inserting a radiation delivery device into the lumen to the treatment location with the device substantially filling the centered lumen and means for permitting perfusion past the catheter head.
Any conventional insertion means, such as a conventional catheter assembly may be used for introducing the catheter head into the vessel and locating the head at a treatment location. Typically, the catheter assembly includes a manifold through which the catheter can be slid into the body vessel via a slit in the vessel. Typically, the body vessel could be an artery where a coronary artery is to be treated.
The radiation delivery device is typically a wire bearing the radioactive material at the distal end. A conventional shielding tube to cover the radioactive material at all times except during the treatment period may be used, if desired.
The cooperating centering means and perfusion means may be any of several different embodiments of devices for expanding the diameter of the catheter head into contact with the wall of the body vessel with the lumen centered in the catheter head while permitting blood flow past the device. Other lumens may be provided through the length of the catheter for receiving a guide wire, as a passage for a fluid, etc.
In a first embodiment, a combined centering and perfusion means is provided at the catheter head, comprising at least three equal sized, spaced, elongated, outwardly extending inflatable lobes along the catheter head. The lobes may extend for a predetermined distance along lines parallel to the catheter center line or may be arranged around the catheter in a spiral arrangement.
A central lumen is provided in said catheter head, located so as to be substantially centered in a body vessel after the lobes are inflated. A second, non-centered, lumen is provided through the catheter and communicates with the lobes for passage of an inflating fluid. A third lumen may be provided for passage of a guide wire or the guide wire could use the inflation lumen, as desired.
The lobes may have any suitable transverse cross section. In one preferred configuration, the lobes have a transverse cross section similar to a rounded isosceles triangle with the triangle base at the catheter. In another preferred configuration, the lobe transverse cross section is narrower near the catheter and wider at the lobe tip, having a generally "mushroom" shaped cross section.
In a second basic embodiment, a plurality of spaced, usually equally sized, outwardly extending knobs are provided along said catheter, each knob having a base against the catheter. When inflated with a fluid, the knobs extend away from the catheter equal distances. In a body vessel, the knobs contact the vessel wall, centering the catheter and allowing flow of blood between the knobs and thus past the catheter head. A central lumen is provided in the catheter for receiving an elongated radiation device, such as a wire bearing a quantity of radioactive material. In one preferred version of this configuration, a plurality of radial sets of three or more knobs are arranged along the catheter. The knobs in succeeding sets may be longitudinally aligned with knobs in the preceding set or may be sequentially staggered, as desired. In another preferred version of this configuration, knob sets are made up of pairs of knobs extending outwardly on opposite sides of the catheter. Succeeding pairs of knobs lie at from about 60 to 120� to the orientation of the preceding set. Optimally, each succeeding set is rotated about 90� to the orientation of the preceding set.
A third basic embodiment includes a plurality of torsion bars along the catheter movable from an storage (or insertion/removal) position where the bars are substantially straight and positioned along the catheter outer surface and a deployed position where they are arched outwardly a uniform distance into contact with the inner wall of a body vessel, so as to center the catheter in the vessel. The bars are preferably quite narrow, so that an especially large transverse area is provided for perfusion.
While a single radial set of torsion bars could be used, the torsion bars are preferably arranged in two sets of at least three bars. One end of each bar is secured to the catheter, with the opposite ends of the bars in the first set secured to a longitudinally movable first tube and the opposite ends of the bars in the second set are secured to a second longitudinally movable tube. When the two tubes are moved longitudinally to bring bar ends toward each other, the bars will bulge outwardly, while moving the bar ends away from each other will cause them to straighten. The bars may be formed from any suitable material, such as metals, plastics, etc. and are preferably preset in the bulged configuration.
A forth basic embodiment has a central catheter core with a central treatment lumen and an inflation lumen. A balloon surrounds the core in communication with the inflation lumen to inflate and deflate the balloon, with the treatment lumen centered in the balloon when the balloon is inflated. A plurality of open ended tubes in the core extend past both distal and proximal ends of the balloon, allowing fluid perfusion past the balloon when the balloon is inflated.
A fifth basic embodiment includes a catheter having a large longitudinal perfusion lumen, with a treatment lumen at one side of the perfusion lumen and other lumens (e.g. guidewire lumen, inflation lumen) on the opposite side. A balloon is secured to the catheter adjacent to the other lumens such that the treatment lumen will be centered in the balloon when the balloon is inflated via a connection to the inflation lumen. The inflation lumen is open to the body vessel at both ends, beyond the distal and proximal ends of the balloon, allowing fluid perfusion therethrough when the balloon is inflated and in contact with the inner wall of a body vessel.
In each of these embodiments, a treatment lumen is positioned at the center of a body vessel in which the catheter assembly is inserted and the centering means activated. The treatment device is a sliding fit in the treatment lumen, substantially filling the treatment lumen, avoiding any variation in treatment of the vessel wall that would occur is the treatment device were a loose fit in a central lumen of greater diameter and could lie against one side of the large lumen.
With each of the embodiments, a sheath may be provided over the expandable centering means, to prevent or reduce entrance of body vessel material into the perfusion channels that would reduce perfusion effectiveness.
Details of the invention, and of preferred embodiments thereof, will be further understood upon reference to the drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a catheter assembly including the centering/perfusion means of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse section view, taken on line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a transverse section view of an alternate embodiment to that shown in FIG. 2, taken on a line corresponding to line 2--2 in FIG. 1 without sheath 26;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation view, partly cut away, of an alternate catheter head embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a transverse section view, taken on line 5--5 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a axial section view through the proximal manifold end, taken on line 6--6 in FIG. 7;
FIG. 7 is a transverse section view taken on line 7--7 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of another catheter centering/perfusion embodiment;
FIG. 9 is an end elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 10;
FIG. 10 is a axial section view taken on line 10--10 in FIG. 9 shown without the catheter 12;
FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of another catheter centering/perfusion embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a transverse section view taken on line 12--12 in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a axial section view taken on line 13--13 in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a side elevation view of another catheter centering/perfusion embodiment having expanded torsion bars;
FIG. 15 is a transverse section view taken on line 15--15 in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is an axial section view taken on line 16--16 in FIG. 15;
FIG. 17a shows an axial section through another torsion bar embodiment in the unexpanded position;
FIG. 17b shows an axial section through the torsion bar embodiment of FIG. 17a in the fully expanded position;
FIG. 18 is a side elevation view of another catheter centering/perfusion embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a transverse section view taken on line 19--19 in FIG. 18;
FIG. 20 is an axial section view taken on line 20--20 in FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 is a side elevation view of another catheter centering/perfusion embodiment;
FIG. 22 is an axial section view through the embodiment shown in FIG. 21; and
FIG. 23 is a transverse section view in FIG. 21.
Referring to FIGS. 1-3, there is seen a first preferred embodiment of a catheter for use in irradiating a predetermined section of a body vessel, which includes a means for centering an irradiation treatment device within a catheter in a body vessel and for allowing fluid perfusion past the treatment site.
FIG. 1 shows an entire catheter assembly 10. The catheter 12 is formed from a flexible plastic and includes a manifold 13 at the proximal end and a catheter head 15 at the distal end. Several longitudinal lumens extend through catheter 12 from manifold 13 to head 15, as seen in FIGS. 2 and 3. Typically the lumens and associated entrance ports include a guide wire lumen 14 having an entrance port 16, an inflation port 18 to furnish inflating media to the catheter balloon lobes 19 via inflation lumen 20 and a treatment device port 22 into a treatment lumen 24. A stress relief collar 25 may be provided adjacent to manifold 13. A sleeve 26 may be placed over balloon 17 to prevent vessel wall material entering between balloon lobes and restricting perfusion between those lobes.
As seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, balloon 17 may have three or more spaced lobes 19 each running longitudinally parallel to the catheter centerline. Balloon 17 may have any suitable number of lobes, with at least three providing the best results. Balloon lobes 19 in these embodiments have an upstanding shape with a rounded end or a generally rounded isosceles triangle form.
While it is desirable that treatment lumen 24 be precisely centrally located, being slightly off center as seen in the radial lumen arrangement of FIG. 2 is sometimes satisfactory. As seen in FIG. 3, the three radially arranged lumens running through catheter 12 could be offset slightly so that treatment lumen 24 is precisely centered and the other lumens offset. For optimally uniform radiation treatment of body vessel walls, treatment lumen 24 should be at the precise center of the catheter 12, as seen in the arrangement of FIGS. 3 and 7.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show another embodiment of the apparatus. The balloon here has lobes 19 with a cross section that is much wider near the lobe tip than adjacent to catheter 12, in a generally "mushroom" cross sectional shape. This configuration is advantageous in producing higher dilatation force without collapse of sheath or sleeve 26. In order to precisely locate treatment lumen 24 at the center of catheter 12 while balancing forces, the three lumens are arranged in a straight line with treatment lumen 24 in the center.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show details of the manifold 13, with FIG. 7 being taken on line 7--7 in FIG. 1. A treatment device 28, typically a flexible wire carrying a quantity of radioactive material, is inserted through treatment port 22 (FIG. 1) to the treatment site. If desired, treatment device may be carried in a radiation absorbing shield tube (not shown) to the treatment site, then the shield tube can be withdrawn so that the walls of the vessel can be irradiated, after which the tube is moved over the radiation source and the treatment device and shield tube can be withdrawn together. During irradiation, which may require a relatively long period, fluids such as blood can perfuse between the lobes 19.
Inflation lumen 20 and guide wire lumen 14 are plugged at the proximal end of catheter 12 by plugs 30 and 32, respectively. The side of inflation lumen 20 is skived at 34 to permit inflating fluid to flow into lobes 19. Stylet 36 extends through guide wire lumen 14 and abuts plug 32 for support.
Another embodiment of the apparatus is shown in FIGS. 8-10. Here, balloon 17 is in the form of a pattern of radial sets of knobs 38. As seen in the end view of FIG. 9, in the arrangement shown, four spaced knobs 38 are provided in each radial set. For clarity, the axial section view of FIG. 10 omits catheter 12 so that the far side knobs 38 can be seen.
While any suitable number of knobs 38 may be used, for best results three or more knobs are preferred. Any suitable number of sets of knobs 38 may be used, depending upon the desired length of the treatment zone. While each knob may have any suitable shape, a rounded isosceles triangle with the base against catheter 12 is generally preferred. If desired a sheath or sleeve 26 (shown partly cut away in FIG. 8) may be placed over the knob array to prevent body vessel material from intruding into the perfusion space between knobs 38.
In order to stabilize the knob configuration and aid in uniform centering, reinforcing bands 40 may be placed around the base of each knob 38 and circumferentially around the balloon between knob sets, as best seen in FIGS. 8 and 9. Bands 40 may be formed from any suitable material, such as metal or plastic wires, cords, narrow strips, etc., any of which could be adhesively bonded to balloon 12 if desired.
In order to reduce or prevent intrusion of body vessel material into the perfusion space, a sleeve 26 (shown partly cut away) may be provided.
Another embodiment of the centering and perfusion apparatus, again using a plurality of outwardly projecting knobs 38, is shown in FIGS. 11-13. Here each set of knobs 38 consists of two knobs on opposite sides of catheter 12. The series of sets of knobs 38 are relatively rotated, in the arrangement shown, each succeeding set is rotating about 90� to the preceding set. If desired, each succeeding set can be rotated at any desired angle to the preceding set within the range of from about 60� to 120�. In order to reduce or prevent intrusion of body vessel material into the perfusion space, a sleeve 26 (shown partly cut away in FIG. 11) may be provided.
Another embodiment of the apparatus for centering a radiation delivery device in a body vessel while permitting perfusion that uses a torsion bar centering arrangement is illustrated in FIGS. 14-17.
FIG. 14 shows the apparatus in the partially expanded, centered, position. FIGS. 15 and 16 are section views showing details of the central part of this assembly. As seen in FIG. 14, a plurality of first torsion bars 42 and second torsion bars 44 are evenly spaced around the exterior of catheter assembly 10. Any suitable number of torsion bars may be used, preferably at least three spaced torsion bars. Multiple sets of torsion bars are especially useful in treating long lesions.
The adjacent or approximately abutting ends 46 and 48, respectively, of torsion bars 42 and 44 are fastened, such as by adhesive bonding, to a central tube 50. The second ends of torsion bars 42 are fastened to an outer tube 52 slidable over central tube 50. Outer tube 52 is slidably contained within a sleeve 54. The second ends of torsion bars 44 are fastened to an inner tube 56 that is slidable within central tube 50. Thus, as outer tube 52 is pushed over central tube 50 (or, conversely, central tube 50 is pulled back into outer tube 52) torsion bars 42 will move from the unexpanded position to the expanded position shown in FIG. 14. Preferably, torsion bars 42 and 44 are shaped to naturally seek the unexpanded position and are expanded against that tension when moved to the expanded position. Similarly, when inner tube 56 is pulled back into central tube 50 (or central tube 50 is pushed over inner tube 56), torsion bars 44 will expand to the position shown in FIGS. 14 and 16. These various tubes may be moved manually or by any suitable mechanism. Torsion bar sets 42 and 44 may be moved simultaneously or individually, as desired.
As best seen in FIGS. 15 and 16, central lumen 58 functions as both a guide wire lumen and a treatment lumen for receiving a radiation delivery device 60. Distal tip 62 of lumen 58 (FIG. 16) is narrowed so that a relatively thin guide wire (not shown) can pass through the tip and the catheter can be moved along the guide wire to emplace the catheter in a conventional manner. The radiation delivery device 60 has a diameter substantially filling central lumen 58, being a sliding fit therein, so that device 60 cannot pass by distal tip 62. Since the delivery device 60 is a snug fit in central lumen 58, the delivery device will be precisely centered in the body vessel when the catheter 12 is centered, which would not be the case if the delivery device 60 were a loose fit and could move from side to side of central lumen 58.
FIGS. 17a and 17b show another embodiment of a torsion bar type assembly wherein both sets of torsion bars 42 and 44 are moved together by a single actuating tube 56 secured to the distal end of torsion bars 44 and forming central lumen 58. FIG. 17a shows the assembly in the substantially unexpanded state and FIG. 17b shows the assembly in the fully expanded state.
In FIG. 17a, torsion bars 42 and 44 are substantially parallel to the inner tube 56. The ends of torsion bars 42 are bonded to sleeve 54 at proximal ends and to ring 57 at distal ends. Torsion bars 44 are bonded to ring 57 at proximal ends and to inner tube 56 at distal ends. Torsion bars 42 and 44 are preferably two independent sets, although in some cases continuous bars could extend from sleeve 54 to tube 56, bonded at an intermedial radial line to ring 57. Ring 57 has the same diameter as sleeve 54. Sleeve 54, torsion bars 42 and 44, ring 57 could be formed of one piece.
The torsion bars are moved to the expanded position shown in FIG. 17b by moving sleeve 54 in the direction indicated by arrow 61 and/or moving inner tube 56 in the direction indicated by arrow 59. This movement may be accomplished manually or mechanical, as desired, from the ends of tube 56 and sleeve 54 at manifold 13.
A further embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 18-20. Here, catheter 12 is surrounded by a core or body 66 having four longitudinal perfusion flow channels 68 therethrough. An inflatable balloon 70 surrounds body 66 to center core 66 within the balloon. The ends of perfusion channels 68 extend beyond the proximal and distal balloon ends, permitting perfusion as indicated by arrows 72. a central treatment lumen 24 is configured to receive a radiation delivery device in a sliding fit. The distal end of central treatment lumen is closed by a plug 74 to prevent passage of a delivery device beyond the balloon region. An inflation lumen 20 is provided for directing balloon inflation fluid into balloon 70 through opening 76 between the balloon and the inflation lumen. To more precisely center core 66 in the body vessel, a multiple knob-like balloon, a spiral balloon or torsion bars of the sort described above could be used, if desired. A radio-opaque marker 75 may be applied to any suitable part of the assembly to aid in monitoring the precise position of the assembly in a body vessel.
An additional embodiment of the apparatus is illustrated in FIGS. 21-23. Catheter head 15 includes a perfusion lumen 77 bounded by a wall 78, with flow as indicated by arrows. A treatment lumen 24 is formed in a first side of wall 78 and a guide wire lumen 14 and inflation lumen 20 are formed in a second side of wall 78 opposite treatment lumen 24. A balloon 80 is bonded to the second side of wall 78 and is configured such that when balloon 80 is inflated into contact with a body vessel, treatment lumen 24 is centered in the body vessel. Perfusion lumen 77 is closed by a plug 84 proximal to balloon 80, before inlet 82 into perfusion lumen 77 (FIG. 21), to prevent fluid from passing back along catheter 12. Inflation lumen 20 is plugged by plug 86 at the distal end and has an opening 88 communicating with balloon 80 for inflation and deflation thereof.
While certain specific relationships, materials and other parameters have been detailed in the above description of preferred embodiments, those can be varied, where suitable, with similar results. Other applications, variations and ramifications of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure. Those are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
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Scalp Psoriasis Center - Bellevue, WA
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Bellevue, Washington
Scalp Psoriasis
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subset: commoncrawl


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Latest Climate crisis Stories
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HARRISBURG, Pa., Aug. 12 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The Department of Environmental Protection seeks public comments on guidelines for a new grant offering under the new PA Green Energy Works! program, which is aimed at reducing energy costs for consumers, businesses and local governments.
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The United States may have to resort to military interventions to deal with the future effects of climate change, military and intelligence analysts say. Drought, violent storms, pandemics, mass migration and other severe problems spawned by climate change could result in crises that pose profound threats to the United States' national security, and analysts say U.S.
HARRISBURG, Pa., Aug. 7 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Pennsylvania businesses pursuing renewable energy projects that qualify for federal tax credits are encouraged to apply for a direct refund from the federal government. The U.S.
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Recovery Act Funding Available for Energy Efficiency ProjectsHARRISBURG, Pa., July 22 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Local governments and nonprofit groups seeking to develop energy efficiency projects funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act are urged to participate in a free online webinar for the new PA Conservation Works! program from 1:30 p.m.
The Facts Speak for Themselves; States Demonstrate SuccessSEATTLE, July 14 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Directors of state departments of transportation, from more than a 14 states described at a news conference today the rapid pace of delivering jobs and highway projects to bolster the nation's economic recovery.Nationwide, 2,000 construction projects are now underway, worth more than $6 billion.
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- A young chicken: also used as a pet name for children.


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Scalp Psoriasis Center - Bullhead City, AZ
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Scalp Psoriasis
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Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease of the skin that is estimated to affect about 2.2% of the adult population. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to psoriasis. The genes affected seem to be involved ...
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Pronunciation: kırk
Added on: 2009-05-14 Listened: 246 timesin: 40
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Notes from New Orleans
5:00 am
Wed December 18, 2013
Money's Tight And Times Are Tough: How To Grow An Arts Organization
Jesse Rosen is President and CEO of the League of American Orchestras, an organization with more than 800 members. In town for a meeting of the National Performance Network, he stopped by to talk with Sharon Litwin on this week's Notes from New Orleans.
Visit Nolavie.com to read a related article written by Sharon Litwin.
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haven't heard from stiffy today
haven't heard from stiffy today
I wish I could kick Matt Dragon in the balls. In his Dragonballz.
Just give Curtis himself and move on
Dad of Karissa 155lb Varsity College Freshman
Jensens I think after this round you should institute a time limit rule of four hours unless the person gives notification that they wont be available (in which case maybe they can send you a list of picks or call someone up and have them pick for them).
The penalty doesnt have to be that severe, you just get skipped in the order and whenever you get back you get to make your pick.
For example Im 13th so if I didnt show for a extended period of time #14 would go and then #12 and lets say I came back before #11 I'd be able to make the picks I missed. The only real penalty would be if #14 or #12 took a guy I wanted. Thats how we did my other one, although the time limit was like two minutes on that one and it worked fine.
It provides incentive for people to be here and make their picks but doesnt unduely punish them.
I see Curtis is online. Wake up man and pick already.
Sorry guys...had class and rehab this afternoon. I'll take Dustin Schlatter.
Curtis Chenoweth
wannabe national champ headed to a new home:walkman:
Curtis there is a seperate thread with who has been drafted.
Paging ISU you are on the clock.
I have updated the already picked thread. Since Jensen is not here. Go ahead and take Varner and get it over with.
And with the seventh pick in the 2007 TWT Fantasy Wrestling draft, ISU2008 selects, hailing from Ithaca, NY, Mr. Trooooooooooy Nickerson!
You do the math..... I'll do the alfredo!! HAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!
Goferphan you are up.


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It was used to transport bodies of burn victims
The only lift in the Cardiology block of Government Kilpauk Hospital has not been working for the past week.
The three-storey building houses the cardiology department on the ground floor and the rest of the floors are occupied by the plastic surgery and burns ward.
A handwritten board at the entrance to the lift on Saturday stated that it was 'Out of service'.
The patients housed in the Burns Ward in the first and the second floors are the most affected.
The lift is usually used to transport the bodies of victims of burns.
Others who come with serious burn injuries have to be carefully transported.
The sight of dead bodies being carried down the steps on stretchers was a tragic sight, said hospital staff .For the families of the victims, what matters is only to get possession of their loved one's remains.
On Saturday, there were at least two cases of deaths at the ward, said hospital staff
According to V. Jayaraman, head, Department of Plastic Surgery, the hospital had been sanctioned a lift and money had been allotted but the Public Works Department was yet to install the lift.
Keywords: Government Kilpauk Hospital


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Found Object
Whether it's tea for two or an apres dinner treat for guests, this vibrant orange teapot will update your tabletop in style. Crafted from vintage Uzbek Russian porcelain, this piece boasts traditional Uzbek motifs.
Brother and sister team Salvo Stoch and Juditha Sakinofsky had worked in parallel fields for 20 years before finally coming together to launch Found Object. Their shared love of beautifully designed products, combined with a wanderlust that has them traveling the world, has brought together several collections of exquisite pieces full of history and soul.


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Under 30 Minutes
Shrimp and Scallion Stir-Fry
- Prep:
- Total Time:
- Servings: 4
Source: Everyday Food, January 2010
- 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
- 1 pound large shrimp, peeled and deveined
- 2 garlic cloves, minced
- 1/2 teaspoon red-pepper flakes
- 2 bunches scallions, cut into 1 1/2-inch pieces
- 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
- Coarse salt
- Cooked rice, for serving
Heat a large skillet or wok over high until hot. Add oil and swirl to coat skillet. Add shrimp and stir until almost entirely pink, 1 to 2 minutes. Add garlic and red-pepper flakes and stir until fragrant, 30 seconds. Add scallions and stir until bright green, about 1 minute. Add lemon juice and 2 tablespoons water. Cook, scraping up any browned bits from skillet, about 1 minute. Season with salt and serve over rice.


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A few months back, Bandra resident Aarti Panchal, 40, (name changed) went to Delhi for a liver transplant. Her elder brother, who has the same blood group as hers, donated her a part of his liver. "We chose to get a living donor liver transplant (LDLT) done at Sir Gangaram hospital as the chances of the patient and donor's survival there are nearly 92%, while in Mumbai, a lot of patients who undergo such surgeries die," she said.
In an LDLT, a piece of a healthy liver is removed from the donor and transplanted into the patient.
Statistics show that Delhi conducts up to 20 times more liver transplants than Mumbai. Leading transplant centres in Delhi saw as many as 540 last year. Hospitals in Mumbai, on the other hand, conducted not more than 22 transplants. Only four of these were LDLTs done in private hospitals out of which three were unsuccessful wherein the patient died.
"Of the transplants conducted in Delhi, barely 10% were cadaveric; 90% were LDLTs. In Chennai, close to 80% were LDLTs," said Dr Subhash Gupta, liver transplant surgeon at Apollo Hospital, Delhi.
While the city sees close to 300 patients suffering from end stage liver disease, less than 10% of them manage to get an organ in Mumbai. "Another 10% go to Delhi or Chennai, Hyderabad or Vellore in the hope of getting a transplant. Almost 80% die waiting for a transplant as they can't afford surgery," said Dr Chetan Kantharia, professor, surgical gastroenterology at KEM hospital.
An LDLT can cost up to Rs30 lakh. Of the two LDLTs that have been done in KEM hospital, in one case both the 40-year-old patient and her mother who donated the liver died. The scenario in leading private hospitals is no different. According to sources, they refrain from conducting LDLTs for the fear of deaths.


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I am happy to oblige her. The Queen is not in fact the head of the Church of England.
That title was last used by Mary Tudor in the 16th century.
Since then it has been Supreme Governor, but today it has very little significance.
Dr Gavin White,
85D Market Street,
St Andrews.


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By signing in, you can manage your wish lists, access your past orders, all your account information and more.
By creating a JJBuckley.com account, you gain access to your personalized shopping experience and recommendations. You can also:
Just a few clicks - no need to re-enter your information or remember extra usernames and passwords.


text: Killer's manifesto, California water tracking, modern manners and more May 27th, 2014, 8:40am What's to gain from reading a mass killer's manifesto? May 27th, 2014, 9:25am | Take Two Isla Vista shooter Elliot Rodger left behind a 7-minute YouTube video and a manifesto that's more than 130 pages long. But it's problematic when the public focuses too much attention on the treatises of mass killers. Add your comments The vulnerable mental health of teens and young adults May 27th, 2014, 9:39am | Take Two The killing spree near Santa Barbara has put the spotlight on mental health issues in the young adult age range, which research has shown is particularly vulnerable to the onset of mental disorders. Add your comments Amid drought, California can't track water usage May 27th, 2014, 9:25am | Take Two California's 19th-century water laws give nearly 4,000 companies, farms and others an unmonitored amount of free water, while the state is mired in a three-year drought that has forced water cutbacks to cities and agriculture. Add your comments Can brown pelicans predict an upcoming El Niño? May 27th, 2014, 9:44am | Take Two We've talked a lot on this show about how different populations are being affected, including animal populations like tortoises, birds and bugs. But the odd behavior of one group of birds, California's brown pelicans, could signify the arrival of some rain. Add your comments Is college worth It? Research says yes May 27th, 2014, 9:24am | Take Two Student debt has topped 1 TRILLION dollars. And many new grads are finding it really difficult to find work. So is college worth it? Add your comments How is Santa Monica addressing earthquake retrofitting issues? May 27th, 2014, 10:17am | Take Two Earlier this year, the City of Santa Monica announced plans to create a list of seismically vulnerable buildings and mandate they get retrofitted. Add your comments Modern Manners: Amy Alkon offers tips on how to be a polite Angeleno May 27th, 2014, 9:25am | Take Two With Memorial Day in the rear view, now you can feel free to wear all the white you want. Because if you try wearing white before Memorial Day you'll be ridiculed in the streets, right? Add your comments Tuesday Reviewsday: Le Butcherettes, Sharon Van Etten and more May 27th, 2014, 10:47am | Alex Cohen and Jacob Margolis | Take Two It's Tuesday, which means that it's time for Tuesday Reviewsday, our weekly new music segment. This week we're joined by music critic Steve Hochman and Associate Editor of Latin at Billboard magazine, Justino Aguila. Add your comments The Counterfeit Detective: Where the Port of LA stores illegally imported goods May 27th, 2014, 9:35am | A Martínez with Leo Duran | Take Two Think you can sniff out a knock-off Chanel handbag? Try doing it every day in the Port of LA where 43 percent of the country's imported goods come through before hitting shelves. Add your comments LAUSD gets rid of 'jails' for teachers under investigation May 27th, 2014, 9:56am | Take Two The L.A. Unified School District is getting rid of so-called teacher jails. Until now, most district teachers under investigation for breaking misconduct rules, had to show up at district offices, known as teacher jails, during their suspensions. Add your comments Learning how to manage money from an in-school bank May 27th, 2014, 9:50am | Alex Schmidt, California Report | Take Two The California Report's Alex Schmidt says a big bank brand in a school may give some pause, but for teens it's a window into the world of finance. Add your comments Bobblehead giveaways keep Dodger Stadium seats full May 27th, 2014, 10:24am | Ben Bergman | Take Two KPCC's Ben Bergman discovered, the biggest draw to Dodger Stadium has nothing to do with who's playing on the field. Add your comments Find an archived Episode: January February March April May June July August September October November December 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2013 2014 2015


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10 Companies at War
Gryphon Technologies
A childhood tomboy, President P.J. Braden always knew she would cultivate a career in defense contracting. With 15 satellite offices across the country, her company provides engineering services primarily to the Navy and the Missile Defense Agency. Projects include overseeing the construction of weapons systems and acting as an independent analyst. The name Gryphon is derived from a Greek mythological creature that symbolizes valor and honor.


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Most industry folks try to judge a film purely by what happens between the opening and closing credits — directors would certainly prefer things that way — but that's an ideal. Sometimes, we have to look outside the frame.Continue reading this entry »
Independent journalist Tom Roston checks in and writes about the world of documentaries in his column, Doc Soup.
You can follow Tom on Twitter @DocSoupMan.
You can follow Tom on Twitter @DocSoupMan.
blood brother
Hot Docs 2013: Preview
Doc Soup Man gives a preview of the documentaries that are on his must see list as he heads to Hot Docs this week.Continue reading this entry »
Sundance 2013: Senior Programmer David Courier
Part 1 of 2: Tom Roston interviews Sundance Film Festival Senior Programmers David Courier and Caroline Libresco about documentaries to watch out for at this year's festival, which begins today.Continue reading this entry »


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DMV to Internet-less New Yorkers: Get in Line
By Jared Chausow
By Katie Toth
By Elizabeth Flock
City Hid Facts From Feds About Rikers
By Albert Samaha
Flood Wall Street Gets Pepper Sprayed and Arrested
By Anna Merlan
By Jon Campbell
Report Sheds Light on Anti-Muslim Bias
By Jon Campbell
Rikers Island Lawsuits Over Diabetic Care
By Albert Samaha
The plan "has come to typify" secret deals by the administration that favor "close allies of City Hall," says Weiner. And, unlike his competitors, Weiner has drawn a straight line from the stadium to another Bloomberg favorite, the Bronx Terminal Market. There, some two dozen wholesale merchants with several hundred employees are being forced out to make way for a mega-mall developed by Stephen Ross of Related Companies, a former business partner of Deputy Mayor Daniel Doctoroff. The market deal was made without competitive bidding, even though Doctoroff has acknowledged that it was he who originally tipped Ross to the site's development possibilities (Voice, "Market-Rate Giveaway," March 23-29).
Thus far, Fernando Ferrer has been silent on the market plan, which is supported by his ally and successor, current Bronx beep Adolfo Carrion. The merchants have been asking Council Speaker Gifford Miller to hold hearings on their plight, but so far none have been scheduled.
"This part of the city may need to be developed," said Weiner in a speech last month, "but it should be done in an open and fair way, not with special deals that raise questions about whether only political allies need apply."
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Talking teddy bear
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Charles Nguyen (firstname.lastname@example.com) is a SCAM ARTIST
View Single Post
Posts: n/a
Wow, what a ******. So sorry for you topspin man, I know how it feels. I got cheated on **** but claimed it from paypal. This charles dude will get punished, no doubt, but just a matter of time.
I don't have facebook, so can someone PM details of what's going on or any updates. It's like a real life detective story, so I can't stop thinking about what is going on now.
Oh Charles, i know you aren't that smart given that you can't type a sentence without messing up gramatically, but are you really that ********? Think of it his way; you are risking criminal charges for racquets that cost $200? Is it really worth it? Do you want to drag your friends and family into this? People have your AIM, email, and posts for records and chances are that you did this from your home computer, so your ip will be logged everywhere. The feds can track you down in an instant when they get involved. I may be a kid, but I don't think its too late to apologize to TopSpinMan and send him his racquets or atleast money for their value and time.
I can't wait until this guy gets caught. Someone PM me any updates form the facebook thing.
Great investigating guys, keep going.


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Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: georgia
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I am planning to go away to the mountains for the ENTIRE NEW MOON in April. I'm renting a cabin with hiking trails right outside the door, no TV, no phone, no internet. I can hike as much or as little as I want, then spend as much time focussing on my map and the new year YAY!!
Tracy~ could you kindly post the details from the process, or even a link to last years thread? I'm trying to recall to share with a friend and am having a hard time remembering the complete grid layout. Certain spots, though (home and love!) I can't forget! I am looking so forward to this, and am busily preparing for it... thank you!!
I have some decluttering/purging questions but I think we aren't supposed to talk too much about our map prior to the day, right?
Some stuff that is causing some clutter in my house is stuff that will be needed if something I am asking for in the new year comes to fruition. How do I deal with that clutter? I can't toss it because I am hoping to need it, perhaps organize it and move it to a new space in the house where it will be needed?
I'm subbing - I read about it last year and forgot to get on board when the time came.
A question though...I'm in the Southern hemisphere, so going into autumn - how important is Spring in this, or is it the planet alignment which is the driver?
ok, here's a TM story for you... i'd love to hear anyone's thoughts.....
my TM is in a frame, hanging in our room. i was dusting it the other day, and one of the hooks came out of the wall. i shoved the hook back on the wall, and tried to put it back up, but then the hanger came out of the frame.
to me this was a clear-- i'm done, i need to not be hanging up anymore. maybe (just thinking of this now!) my TM wants me to clean up that old energy? I have very little else to purge, as we got rid of seriously about 80-90% of our posessions last year (not to mention a ton of emotional baggage )..... and most of my TM came true beyond my wildest expectations. i joked to dh "the only thing that might still happen would be if we took a trip to the mountains or to the beach...." he said we very well might, over his spring break (which is a couple weeks before the new TM happens).....
thoughts? should i hang it back up? or let it lead the way.....?????
I have a question. This is my first time treasure mapping. How do you pick out which magazines to use? Do you pick magazines that appeal to your tastes? How many do you usually get? I plan to buy them the morning of the 5th and then put together my map that day. Thanks so much!
is it important to pick the magazines that day? I have a box of old magazines, does that mean I can't use them?
i did it last year but I forgot.
You do not even have to use magazines. You could download images from the internet. Just don't do them before Treasure Map New Moon.
the only rule is DO NOT BUY THOSE MAGAZINES BEFORE APRIL'S NEW MOON. And when I say before.. I mean not even one minute before.
subbing! i love this idea.
i am in flux! we've sold our house and leave our rented one tomorrow. i will be house & pet sitting for the next 6 weeks while we try to figure out where we'll live. in the meantime, everything that's ours is in storage and cannot possibly be accessed at this time.
so the declutter thing? if i just declutter my suitcases, does it count?
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Note to school principals: If you want teachers to come up with creative and cost-efficient ideas, send them to Hawaii.
Mary Bowlen, music teacher at Littleton's Montessori Peaks Academy, was vacationing with her husband's family on Oahu several years ago when she picked up a family friend's ukulele.
"I sat down, I played, and before I knew it, I was like, 'I want one,' " she said.
The battle continues in Littleton over urban renewal, as a citizen activist group dropped out of a Feb. 12 forum on competing ballot issues, saying it was overwhelmed by the outside funds pouring into the local campaign.
"It all comes down to time and money. When you look at our opposition and the amount of money being dumped into it by developers, we don't have that luxury," said Carol Brzeczek, a member of Your Littleton, Your Vote.
The Foothills Park and Rec District will host its first-ever job fair on Saturday for potential employees looking for seasonal or part-time work later this year.
Foothills has openings for seasonal and part-time employees in aquatics, golf course and parks maintenance, children's programs, and front-desk staffing, said Wenonah Macdonald, the district's human resources administrator.
Zombies typically aren't soft or cute, but the creatures being created by teens recently at the Columbine Library inspired more quacking than quaking.
At the library's Zombie Felties program on Feb. 10, one of its monthly events for teenagers, ducks, lions and other felines were made from felt and a lot of energetic creativity.
Jeffco school board member Julie Williams cast the board's only vote for a resolution supporting state legislation that would permit the carrying of concealed weapons in public schools.
"Repealing the gun-free school zone act will empower our nation's schoolteachers, faculty and law-abiding parents to ensure the safety and well-being of our children," Williams said at the Feb. 5 school board meeting.
Jeffco Public Schools is developing a master plan for maintaining its outdoor lab schools on Mount Evans and in Bailey.
Shannon Hancock, executive director of the Outdoor Lab Foundation, said the plan will address site needs, as well as educational impacts and programming goals.
"This is a really exciting process," she said.
If Jeffco school board members don't want to spend money on new buildings and renovations, there are alternatives to deal with crowded schools like Rooney Ranch Elementary — but district COO Steve Bell isn't crazy about them.
Alternative solutions to anticipated crowding at schools like Rooney Ranch could include installing temporary classrooms in the short term, and taking more drastic measures over the long term.
Jeffco Open Space is working with the city of Arvada in hopes of creating a county shooting range on property owned by the municipality.
"What we're saying is that we'd like to be at the table," said Amy Ito, Jeffco Open Space's manager of planning and development.
"The timing seems ideal. This was our No. 1 site," Ito said.
Jeffco's Open Space Advisory Committee has given initial approval to a potential land swap with the Ken-Caryl Ranch Metropolitan District that could lead to a new trail in the Ken-Caryl area that connects multiple trails in Jeffco.
Under the deal, Jeffco Open Space would deed over the property on which the district's community center is located in exchange for a trail easement along the Hogback from the Ken-Caryl Master Association, said Tom Hoby, Jeffco Parks and Open Space director.
The Colorado Department of Transportation has asked residents near C-470 how traffic noise should best be mitigated once the highway is widened.
At two public meetings Feb. 10 and 11, CDOT presented findings on possible noise increases from the planned addition of lanes between Interstate 25 and Kipling Street. As part of the federally mandated process, CDOT and the developers of the C-470 toll-lane project were required to conduct noise testing along the corridor and propose possible mitigation plans.
Copyright © 2015
Columbine Courier is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in South Jefferson County, Colo., and the surrounding area.


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Innovation. It's happening, and it's happening right here in Catawba County.
Catawba Valley Community College (CVCC), the city of Conover and Fayetteville Technical Community College have partnered together to help launch a pilot program across the state which will help bring and keep new jobs in NC.
To read more of this story, pick up the Friday edition of Catawba County's community newspaper, The Observer News Enterprise, at newsstands throughout the county.
[1] http://www.observernewsonline.com/sites/default/files/newaward-web.jpg
[2] mailto:email@example.com


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1977 GMC 2500 pickup truck, Custom Deluxe, 292 straight 6-cylinder, 4-speed, AM radio, rust-free, one owner, 61,000 miles, used very lightly on a farm,... More
2013 GMC Sierra Denali 2500 4WD Crew Cab 6.6L Duramax Turbo Diesel with Allison 6 Speed showing just 53,477 miles with NO Accidents. This... More
This '53 "Crew Cab" resto-mod sits on a modern chassis, complete with 4 wheel drive, power brakes, power steering, leather bucket seats, and every... More
1970 GMC 2500 Truck - Camper Special - Long Bed 2WD - Automatic Super nice driver, starts, runs, drives and stops reliably. No weird smells... More
This 1979 GMC 2500 is located in our Chicago Illinois showroom. At first look you will probably say wow what a nice stock truck.... More


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Whether they are old classics or new favourites, we have the best games for rainy day play, family fun nights or for those long road trips!
Sorry, there are no products to display.
It's a new season and that means new Our Generation is here! Let's go
camping, meet some new friends with beautiful, long hair to style, and rock
some cool spring fashions …
read more...
We're now hiring staff for our brand new locations in South Edmonton Common and Red Deer!
resumes to firstname.lastname@example.com
We are thrilled to announce the opening of our new Calgary location.
Details Here


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Learn English Grammar
100,000 - 500,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By Coderz
Topics Covered
1. Parts Of Speech - Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb,Preposition,Conjunction, Interjection
2. Phrases
3. Degree Of Comparison
4. Quantifiers
5. Relative Clauses
6. Tenses
7. Active and Passive Voice
8. Articles
9. Capitalization
10. Conditionals
11. Idioms
12. Gender
13. Gerunds
14. Homonyms
15. Number
16. Possessive
17. Question Tags
18. Subjects, Verbs and Objects
19. Use Of Little, A Little, Few, A Few.....
20. Vocabulary
21. Determiners -
a. What are Determiners
b. Definite Articles
c. InDefinite Articles
d. Exceptions To Using The Definite Article
e. The Demonstratives
f. The Possessives.
g. Which, What, Whose
h. Which And Whose
i. Such, What, Rather, Quite
j. Other, Another.
12. Distributives -
a. All,Both,Half
b. Each,Either,Every,Neither
13. Quantifiers
1. The Quantifiers
2. Cardinal And Ordinal Numbers
3. Enough + Noun
4. Graded Quantifiers
5. Quantifiers with countable and uncountable nouns
6. The Quantifiers Some and Any
7. The Quantifiers-A few and few, a little and little
8. The Quantifiers-Compound nouns made with SOME, ANY and NO
Practice Questions in
Collective Noun
Correct Form of Nouns
Correct Words
General Questions
Nouns to Verb
Plural Forms
Reported speech
This app also includes English Tenses.
Also Practice questions for Tenses.
App will also show the correct and wrong answer so that you can study better.
If you want to practiceGrammar , then here is our English Grammar practice App
We have made it the smallest size application size possible than any other similar application with more content.
Added support for all kinds of screens and also support for latest Android Version.
Completely new Interface
Removed Splash Screen - Now go directly to the application.
UI is faster than ever
Practice section now has previous and next button to move forward and backward and see what you have answered?
Application Size reduced.
Old Updates
Use of Shall, should and Unless
Support for latest Android version.
More than 100 Practice Questions Added
(50 stars)
Learn more English and become an American.
(50 stars)
(50 stars)
I feel that some of these grammars are incorrect. I was tought that when a word starts with a vowel, You use an "an" and not an "a." Example: I ate "an" Apple, and not, I ate "a" Apple. When I tried to pick "an" to go with European. I was told that I was wrong. You know how many times a professor will tell you to spe
(50 stars)
(50 stars)
But dont want 2 download
(50 stars)
Learn English Grammar
(50 stars)


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Lifestyle & Recreation
12:44 pm
Tue April 29, 2014
UP rite of spring involves a submerged pick-up
By Mark Bashore
Escanaba Michigan's "icebreaker contest" is becoming a rite of Spring in the Upper Peninsula community. Organizers haul a stripped down pickup truck out onto the frozen surface of Little Bay De Noc and the wagering begins. When will the ice give way? When will this stripped-down Ford be sent to the bottom?
Toby Kuivinen is President of the Bark River Lions Club and one of the organizers of Escanaba's "icebreaker" contest. Kuivinen started the event as a fundraiser and this year marks the 4th annual competition.
The truck sits atop the ice above an incline, so the water is anywhere from 25 to 35 ft deep. Once the truck falls in, they have a dive team retrieve the truck with airbags and tow it out of the water.
Related Content:
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Nicki Minaj
Nicki Minaj Freestyles with the Great Shaquille O'Neal: Watch
Plus Grant Hill and Kenny Smith, but you only came here for Shaq.
Nicki Minaj Is the Face of Roberto Cavalli Spring 2015
The singer and rapper highlights new album 'The Pinkprint' with the new spread.
Nicki Minaj Thinks Kendrick Lamar's 'Crazy Voices' Remind Her A Lot of Nicki Minaj
Nicki Minaj may have a bone to pick with Kendrick Lamar and his newfound love for different voices.
Watch Nicki Minaj Talk Red Lobster, Perform 'Bed of Lies' on 'Tonight Show'
Nicki Minaj stopped by the 'Tonight Show' to talk "Anaconda," bad yearbook photos and her days serving fish at the Red Lobster.
Every Song on Nicki Minaj's 'The Pinkprint,' Ranked
This is Radio.com's official guide to the defining statement from the most talented, perplexing, radioactive, inviting, forbidding, hilarious, and full-bleed widescreen captivating rapper on Earth.
The Top 14 Music Stories of 2014
While songs like "Shake It Off," "All About That Bass" and more rose to the top of the charts, these are the stories we were reading to accompany them.
Nicki Minaj Channels Her Inner-Dominatrix For NSFW 'Only' Video
Minaj spends most of the time posing in her sexy negligees, letting others do her work for her. She's too busy rapping.
Mike WiLL Made It on Nicki Minaj's 'I Lied': It'll Be 'Every Girl's Favorite Song'
He compared the track to TLC's 'Unpretty.'
Watch Nicki Minaj's Beyoncé & Kim Kardashian Impressions, 'SNL' Performance
She impersonated Beyonce impersonating the Virgin Mary, for that matter. Impersonception?
Nicki Minaj & James Franco Are Best Friends in 'SNL' Promo: Watch
James Franco will host 'Saturday Night Live' this weekend with musical guest Nicki Minaj. In their promos for 'SNL,' it seems that the two are closer than we realize.


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Advanced Rails
The Advanced Rails training course provides you with skills and knowledge to leverage powerful advanced features of Rails and take your applications to the next level.
Upon completion, you will be able to improve the architecture of your applications and do more with less code. You will understand how to use tests to drive the design of your applications in an Agile fashion, and make it secure. And you will be able to tune your applications for high-traffic scalability.
- Overview
- Outline
- Instructors
- Reviews
- Prior working experience with the Rails stack of 6 months or more
- Prior programming experience in Ruby
- Basic understanding of object relationships in Rails
- Prior knowledge of a revision control system such as git
- Familiar with how to make simple SQL queries (e.g. SELECT * FROM ... WHERE ...)
- Basic exposure to Ajax in Rails
- Familiar using gems and Bundler
RSpec and Cucumber
- rspec for model, controller, views, helpers, libs
- mocks, custom matchers
- writing cucumber tests
Writing maintainable code
- Skinny Controller, Fat Model
- Presenters
- Interactors
Advanced model & association features
- understanding association proxy objects
- working with eager loading
- scoping
- using association callbacks
- adding association extensions
- inheritance
Performance profiling
- using tools to profile
- interpreting the data
- instrumenting Rials
Scalability & Caching
- page caching, action caching, fragment caching
- memcached and plugins
- using model caching
- authentication & authorization
- understanding best practices
Deployment and Operations
- cloud infrastructure vs application platforms
- managing an app in production
- deployment best practices
Working with APIs
- building a RESTful API
- consuming third-party APIs
Extending Rails
- Building a gem
- Gems vs Plugins vs Engines
Daniel Morrison has been teaching Ruby, Ruby on Rails courses since 2007. Not to mention helping some of the most advanced software teams across the U.S. with consulting projects within the Ruby and Rails space. Daniel brings his industry expertise from these real world projects to the training class. With a background in Computer Science, there's a good chance Daniel will start rambling on about Merge Sorts or Big Oh calculations. If you leave him alone, however, his fascination with code, databases, and APIs will kick in and he'll start programming.
Daniel founded Collective Idea in 2005 to put a name to his growing, and already full-time freelance work. He can usually be found (coffee in hand) staring into a tiny 15" digital world. He writes about code and other uninteresting things on his blog.
Nathaniel Jones has been a web developer for about a decade now, working primarily with Ruby on Rails for the past four years. About a year ago, he founded Third Prestige, a web application studio in Austin, TX, built around the idea that designers and developers work side by side through the entire process to deliver the best possible overall product. Along that line, he's always strived to be a full-stack developer, transforming business logic into database schemas one day and layering in smooth transitions with jQuery or CSS3 the next. He also helped start the course Design for Developers, helping developers understand the principles and logic behind how design works.
He's excited to help mentor developers in best practices and delivering maintainable software, whether that's helping teach with MakerSquare, a 10-week web development bootcamp, or volunteering at Cafe Bedouins, Austin's weekly hacknight, or just pair programming with a junior developer on hard problems.
Upcoming Classes
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Addictive Disorder: Animal Models
- Michel Le Moal
- … show all 1 hide
Experimental drug dependence
Animal model: Experimental preparation developed for studying a given phenomenon found in humans. It is at the basis of experimental medicine, with its two sides: physiology and pathology.
Individual differences: Refer to the concept of differential psychology, personality, and temperament. Each individual is unique in terms of genetic and environmental backgrounds, and of life events and history.
Vulnerability or frailty: A construct inherent to medical practice, for genetic or environmental reasons. It represents a biological state at the limits of homeostasis.
Current Concepts and State of Knowledge
Introduction: A Model of What?
In behavioral pathology and comparative psychiatry a precondition for an animal model is to be informed about what will be modeled. The poor awareness of the complexity of such human conditions is the origin of misunderstanding between clinicians and neurobiolo ...
- Ahmed, SH, Koob, GF (1998) Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: change in hedonic set point. Science 282: pp. 298-300 CrossRef
- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
- Deroche-Gamonet, V, Belin, D, Piazza, PV (2004) Evidence for addiction-like behavior in the rat. Science 305: pp. 1014-1017 CrossRef
- Geyer, MA, Markou, A The role of preclinical models in the development of psychotropic drugs. In: Davis, KL, Charney, D, Coyle, JT, Nemeroff, C eds. (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology: the fifth generation of progress. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York, pp. 445-455
- Katz, JL, Higgins, ST (2003) The validity of the reinstatement model of craving and relapse to drug use. Psychopharmacology 168: pp. 21-30 CrossRef
- Koob, GF, Moal, M (1997) Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science 278: pp. 52-58 CrossRef
- Koob, GF, Moal, M (2008) Addiction and the brain antireward system. Annu Rev Psychol 59: pp. 29-53 CrossRef
- McKinney, WT (1988) Models of mental disorders: a new comparative psychiatry. Plenum, New York
- Piazza, PV, Deminière, JM, Moal, M, Simon, H (1989) Factors that predict individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration. Science 245: pp. 1511-1513 CrossRef
- Vanderschuren, LJ, Everitt, BJ (2004) Drug seeking becomes compulsive after prolonged cocaine self-administration. Science 305: pp. 1017-1019 CrossRef
- Title
- Addictive Disorder: Animal Models
- Reference Work Title
- Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology
- Pages
- pp 20-28
- Copyright
- 2010
- 10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_137
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-540-68698-9
- Online ISBN
- 978-3-540-68706-1
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Copyright Holder
- Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- eBook Packages
- Editors
- Ian P. Stolerman (1)
- Editor Affiliations
- 1. Section Behavioural Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
- Authors
- Michel Le Moal (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Centre de Recherche Inserm u862, Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2, Institut François Magendie-Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux, Cédex, France
Continue reading...
To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above.


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Join Date: Dec 2001
Location: The beautiful hudson valley of NY
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Hi There!
We are looking to move to the Litchfied County area of CT... husband will actually be working in Canaan. We visited this weekend for the first time and I will have to say I fell in love... it's beautiful.
I do have a school age child...(4th...and a little guy as well) and my biggest concern really would be the schools. We're open to living anywhere really in the whole NW corner of CT. Any feedback on the different school systems would be great.
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Financial Calculators
Information and interactive financial calculators are made available to you as self-help tools for your independent use. We cannot and do not guarantee their accuracy or their applicability to your circumstances.
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An online tool to allow you to look up bank routing numbers.


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No one much remembers William Woodin, the Republican businessman and campaign donor Franklin Roosevelt named Treasury secretary amid the bank failures and soaring joblessness of 1932. Already in poor health when FDR was sworn in, Woodin resigned after less than a year in office, promptly died and left little mark on the New Deal.
Today, another man will be tapped to help a new Democratic president navigate a swift-moving financial inundation. And this time, Timothy Geithner, 47, the razor-sharp president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York whom President-elect Barack Obama is expected to name as his Treasury secretary, seems certain to leave a lasting imprint on the nation's crisis response.
"He's a great choice. He has tremendous knowledge and experience. He's very capable and understands the financial situation extremely well. … We're going to see much bolder and more comprehensive action," says Harvard University's Kenneth Rogoff, who worked with Geithner at the International Monetary Fund in 2001 to 2003.
In Geithner, Obama has chosen a Clinton administration veteran of financial crises who has been deeply involved alongside Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke in the government's response to the current financial turmoil. The even-tempered, youthful-looking official has spent the past five years helming the New York Fed, enjoying daily contact with Wall Street titans. He'll need every contact and insight accumulated: The U.S. and global economies are deteriorating more rapidly than was true even a few weeks ago.
Friday, Goldman Sachs lowered its fourth-quarter forecast, saying it now expects the economy to shrink at an annual rate of 5%. Unemployment is rising, production is plunging and economic weakness has gone global.
The gathering gloom explains Obama's sudden announcement Saturday of a massive new economic stimulus designed to save or create 2.5 million jobs over two years.
The president-elect offered few specifics, but senior Democrats indicated Sunday that the proposal would match the scale of the economy's ballooning ills. Appearing on ABC's This Week, Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., put the price tag at $500 billion to $700 billion, or 3.5% to 5% of gross domestic product.
"I don't know what the number's going to be, but it's going to be a big number," Austan Goolsbee, another Obama economic adviser, said on Face The Nation on CBS. "It has to be."
Democratic mainstream
Geithner, who began his Washington career working for Henry Kissinger and numbers Alan Greenspan among his tennis partners, will be part of an Obama economic team that seems solidly anchored in mainstream Democratic thinking.
Other key officials include former Treasury secretary Larry Summers, 53, expected to head the White House National Economic Council; Jason Furman, 38, in another White House economics slot; and Peter Orszag, as director of the Office of Management and Budget. All are tied to the Wall Street-friendly economic policies personified by Robert Rubin, Treasury secretary under President Clinton and now a director at Citigroup.
Geithner "is really a centrist. … He understands markets very well," says Rogoff, a Harvard economics professor who advised Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., during the recent presidential campaign.
Though unassuming, Geithner is sufficiently forceful to stand up to Summers, a brilliant economist whose people skills are sometimes found wanting.


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Connect With Us!
5/30/2015 » 6/3/20156th Annual Internal Medicine Board Review
6/3/2015Cardiology Update
6/13/2015 » 6/17/2015June Introductory Course in Osteopathy in the Cranial Field
6/13/2015Office-Based Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders Webinar
6/18/2015 » 6/21/2015Cranial Academy "Traumatic Brain Injury " Conference
NEW! Employment Contract and Practice Acquisition Document Review Service at a discounted, fixed fee!
AOA Submits Response Opposing Common Program Requirements
Osteopathic medical students without a training position match can now search for AOA postdoctoral training programs with the free AOA Post Match Web service. Check this site often, as new programs may be posted later. Students can also find information about training programs at the AOA Match website or AOA Opportunities.
Osteopathic programs offer three separate options as choices of OGME-1 approved training, while focusing on the student's ultimate goal of residency training in a specialty. Click here to read important Match information!
Mr. Leikert is a graduate of Michigan State University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in human physiology. He is currently in his second year as a medical student at the Michigan State College of Osteopathic Medicine. Kevin serves as Treasurer of the MSUCOM class of 2017, and as President of the MSUCOM Peer Mentor Organization. He is also a member of the Community Integrated Medicine (CIM) and is a substitute volunteer at Ele's Place, which is a healing center for grieving children and teens. Kevin currently works as a blue coat teaching assistant at MSU's Department of Radiology. He has earned many honors including: MSU's Department of Physiology Academic Excellence Award, MSU Department of Physiology Departmental Service Award, Graduation with Highest Honors from the MSU Lyman Briggs College and has made MSU's Dean's List every semester.
This has been a big year legislatively for physicians, and the Michigan Osteopathic Association has been in the thick of several key issues at the State Capitol. Here's a run-down of what happened this year, why it happened and what it means for member physicians. Please visit Issues and Legislation to learn more.
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10/16/2014Communication Is Key to Improving Diabetic Patient Outcomes and Reducing Liability
10/16/2014Michigan Osteopathic Association names 2014 CORE Grant winners
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9/23/2014The Michigan Osteopathic Association Honored for Excellence in Michigan's Association Industry
9/23/2014Conflicting Guidelines on Mammograms Can Pose Risks


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Math Fall
1,000 - 5,000 downloadsAdd this app to your listsTweets por @Appszoom
Or you have kids that needs to learn math better?
Or you just like small, brain intensive, games?
What it's all about?
Short description:
Tiles with numbers written on them are falling down, and you want to prevent that from happening.
And that's easy - just add numbers by selecting tiles to get the number given on top.
Longer description:
The objective of this game is to prevent the tiles from reaching the bottom by matching the sum of selected tiles to the red number given at the top of your screen. Naturally, the game gradually speeds up, which makes your goal even more challenging.
There are 3 modes of play: easy, medium and hard. In easy mode, there is a yellow number in the upper right corner which helps you by showing the current sum of selected tiles. In medium and hard modes there is no such help, but you can get a time bonus with every tile cleared. The difference between these two modes is in the duration of time bonus. Also, in hard mode the colors of the tiles are randomized.
There are two ways of rating your success: the first is a regular score (the green number in the upper left corner), which represents the sum of all your correct answers, and the second are achievements that you acquire while playing by repetitive use of each particular digit. With each achievement, the game speeds up a little.
Score can be send to Scoreloop global leaderboard to see how good you are in relation to other players around the world.
Game modes:
Easy mode - range of given numbers if progressively harder from 10-20 to 10-50, time period between new row, at the beginning, is 7 seconds
Medium mode - range of given number is 10-50 from the start, time period is 6.8 seconds
Hard mode - range of given number is 10-50, time period is 6.5 seconds, randomize colors
Have fun playing!
P.S. Watch out for next releases, completely customizable game will soon be available, where you will be able to set rows, columns, time...
keywords: math game, math puzzle, tetris, math workout, math practice, math exercise
Tags: mathfalls, mathfall.
- easy mode fix, wasn't that easy after last update :)
- rate app button
- click on given number sets new number and new row
- easy mode now have progressive difficulty, numbers range from 10-20 to 10-50
- practice mode have wider time range
- small animations
- Scoreloop integration (global highscore, infinity sign icon)
- border around selected tiles (can be disabled in options)
- button for clear selection (X on the opposite side of the pause button)
- There aren't any comments yet, be the first to comment!


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If tennis match has ample anaerobic phases, how much recovery do you need?
View Single Post
Join Date: Feb 2009
Posts: 5,639
If you are playing a tough point that involves running from baseline to baseline as fast as you can, you are likely using anaerobic mechanisms during that point.
But once the point stops, and for the next 15 seconds before the next serve you are likely using aerobic calories. And your heart rate is starting to fall.
And a game may be over in as little as 4 points.
Aces or missed returns result in our heart rate falling.
Many points are over after just a couple of hit balls.
We change sides after every other game.
Few play best of 5 set matches.
Most play tiebreakers.
Although tennis is a "good workout", there is plenty of time for the heart rate to fall so that a heart rate monitor is probably not the best indicator of whether a tennis player is using aerobic or anaerobic mechanisms.
I certainly can "feel" more taxed playing full court pickup basketball (without refs for frequent whistles), than in playing tennis.
I haven't worn my heart rate monitor playing basketball. (One team is usually "skins" - it would just look too weird.)
But wearing it a few times playing tennis the heart rate stays much higher with continuous rally practice using 6 balls than playing sets.
Still, I think I am burning calories anaerobically during the long points playing sets.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by charliefedererer


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
The study was designed to get rid of red light cameras. Rear end collisions are not caused by red light cameras. Rear End collisions are caused by drivers following too closely and by drivers not paying attention. It is not wake up city hall. It is wake up drivers. Along with the cameras citations for following too closely are needed to make them work. ........
You did it! A BIG CONGRATS on reaching that 1M mark and your first new red car, and joining the Million Points Club! Really awesome! Others ahead of you have retired, so there is lots of room at the 2M milestone! More than 90% of all the GBs that signed up over the past 13+ years will never make it to 1M points, most GBs quit before they even get close, there are just a little more than 10,196 GBs out of more than 8 million GBs that have gone on to 1M points! Can you believe that GBs are still active 13+ years and heading for the 5M milestone, and many GBs continue on before they retire between 3M and 4M! Keep going, don't stop now, don't retire like so many did when they reached their first red car! Keep leading the way for others to follow in GasBuddyland! Thank you for your 3+ years of dedication here on GasBuddy! Have a nice week! Ron
A Big Congrats on reaching the 400 Day Mark Posting, Wanna be Gas Buddies
Care to be buddies? It would be nice to add you as a buddy! Come see my profile page! Have a nice week! Ron
Congratulations on having the tenacity to post for 300 consecutive days! Have a good Memorial Day weekend. Warren :)
Welcome to the club...You and I are on the bottom of Consecutive Days leader board. GREAT JOB!!!... CONGRATS Consecutive Days: 259 !!! I am at 314 DAYS!! HAPPY NEW YEAR MY NEWEST GB...AL
Two years on gas buddy. Lets be buddies also. Thanks....Shep
Want to be buddies?
Super comment on the If I wanted America to fail…topic. I'm with ya 100% Best comment I've read. Have a great day.
Its trading on the market at $86 a barrel


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That smell coming from NFL training facilities across the nation this weekend was the aroma of teams winnowing down their rosters to their final 53 players.
While hundreds of players packed training camps this summer with great hopes of making the cut and playing this season, the preseason has separated the true contenders from the NFL hopefuls. Rookies who were just barely picked up in the draft, free agents, veterans trying to eke out one or two more seasons and holdouts who bartered for their contracts instead of beefing up their game credibility have all taken the hits as the cuts have fallen.
In a few precious weeks, they've all become toast.
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Here's our Fast Money Final Trade. Our gang gives you tomorrow's best trades, right now.
Mike Khouw is a buyer of put spreads in SPY.
Dan Nathian is a seller of Microsoft.
Here's our Fast Money Final Trade. Our gang gives you tomorrow's best trades, right now.
Mike Khouw is a buyer of put spreads in SPY.
Dan Nathian is a seller of Microsoft.
Josh Brown is long health care ETF XLV.
Stephanie Link is a buyer of Aetna.
Pete Najarian is a buyer of Molycorp.
Click here to see other Final Trade posts.
Trader disclosure: On Aug. 29, 2012, the following stocks and commodities mentioned or intended to be mentioned on CNBC's "Fast Money" were owned by the "Fast Money" traders: Dan Nathan is long MS JAN 10/5 PUT SPREADS; Dan Nathan is long INTC SEPT 25/23 PUT SPREADS; Dan Nathan is long CSCO SEPT 17 PUTS; Dan Nathan is long SBUX SEPT 47 PUTS; Dan Nathan is long MSFT OCT 30/28 PUT SPREAD; Dan Nathan is long YUM OCT 62.5/55 PUT SPREAD; Pete Najarian is long AAPL; Pete Najarian is long C; Pete Najarian is long JPM CALLS; Pete Najarian is long INTC; Pete Najarian is long YHOO; Pete Najarian is long SBUX; Pete Najarian is long FB; Pete Najarian is long MSFT; Pete Najarian is long JOSB; Pete Najarian is long INTC; Pete Najarian is long MCP CALLS; Pete Najarian is long MCP; Stephanie Link is long AAPL; Stephanie Link is long JPM; Stephanie Link is long VALE; Stephanie Link is long EBAY; Stephanie Link is long COH; Stephanie Link is long NKE; Stephanie Link is long CVS; Josh Brown is long AAPL; Josh Brown is long WFC; Josh Brown is long GDX; Josh Brown is long XLU; Josh Brown is long XLF; Josh Brown is long WMT; Josh Brown is long TGT; Josh Brown is long CREE; Josh Brown is long ZNGA; Josh Brown is long MAKO.
Got something to say? Send us an e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com and your comment might be posted on the Rapid Recap! Prefer to keep it between us? You can still send questions and comments to email@example.com.
Former JC Penney CEO Allen Questrom explains why Michael Kors' stock has dropped so much and why it's a bigger problem.
JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon's recent assertion that some bank shareholders are lazy is "ludicrous," bank analyst Mike Mayo said.
Halftime's Hottest Trades today. Finishing Friday with trades on Michael Kors, JCPenney, GameStop, housing, energy stocks, oil, and the euro.


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Cheap YUB to Managua flights
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Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Managua (MGA) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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Doug Williams III
Doug Williams coaches his son, D.J.Comment
After his pro career ended, quarterback Doug Williams went on to coach his alma mater. Now he's coaching his son.
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