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A method of making a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser and method of making in which a III-V heterostructure is epitaxially grown to include a quantum well active region between two interference mirrors separated by an emitting wavelength of the quantum well region. A small pillar of this heterostructure is etched by chemically assisted xenon ion beam etching. Prior to etching, a top metal contact is deposited on the epitaxial semiconductor. Light is emitted through the substrate having a bandgap larger than that of the quantum well region.
1. A method of fabricating a vertically oriented semiconducting optical structure, comprising the steps of:
epitaxially forming on a crystalline body a vertical structure comprising a plurality of semiconductive layers of differing compositions, said vertical structure including an active region having an effective bandgap, a first interference mirror and another mirror substantially reflecting light of a wavelength corresponding to said bandgap, an optical distance between said interference mirror and said another mirror being in a predetermined relationship with said wavelength; and
vertically etching with an ion beam comprising ions heavier than argon through a portion of said vertical structure including at least said active region to form an isolated pillar of at least some of said semiconductive layers.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said ions comprise xenon ions.
3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein said etching step further comprises exposing said vertical structure to a reactive gas during said ion beam etching.
4. A method as recited in claim 3, further comprising attaching a first electrical connection to a portion of said vertical structure above both of said mirrors and a second electrical connection to said crystalline body.
5. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein said another mirror comprises a second interference mirror.
6. A method as recited in claim 4, wherein said another mirror comprises a second interference mirror.
7. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said first electrical connection comprises a metallic layer deposited on an epitaxially formed one of said layers prior to said etching step.
8. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein said active region comprises at least one quantum well layer.
9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein said at least one quantum well layer consists of three quantum well layers.
10. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein said etching step etches through substantially all of said two mirrors.
11. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said depositing step includes doping said first interference mirror to a first semiconductivity type of a concentration substantially higher than a doping concentration of said active region and doping said second interference mirror to a second semiconductivity type of a concentration substantially higher than said active region doping concentration.
12. A method as recited in claim 11, further comprises depositing less than a monolayer of a dopant of said second conductivity type on an uppermost surface of said second interference mirror and wherein said first electrical connection comprises a metallic layer deposited on said uppermost surface.
13. A method of fabricating a vertical semiconductor diode laser, comprising the steps of:
forming on a body a vertical structure comprising a plurality of layers, at least some of which comprise semiconductor layers epitaxial with said substrate, said structure including a lower mirror, a lower spacer, an active semiconductor layer emitting light at a wavelength, an upper spacer and an upper mirror, an optical distance between said lower and upper mirrors being in a predetermined relationship to said wavelength, said upper and lower mirrors reflecting a substantial fraction of light at said wavelength;
vertically etching a portion of said structure to form a pillar rising away from said substrate; and
a first step of electrically connecting a first electrical contact to a portion of said pillar above said active layer; and
a second step of electrically connecting a second electrical contact to a portion of said vertical structure below said active layer;
wherein said vertical etching step causes electrical current between said two contacts to be confined to an area of said active layer corresponding to said pillar.
14. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein said vertically etching step etches at least through said active layer.
15. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein said vertically etching step comprises etching with a beam of ions heavier than argon.
16. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said vertically etching step further comprises exposing said structure to a reactive gas during said etching with a beam.
17. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein said forming step forms at least one of said mirrors as a multi-layer interference mirror.
18. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said multi-layer interference mirror is a semiconductor interference mirror and one of said first and second contacts is operatively attached to said semiconductor interference mirror to form a current path therethrough.
19. A method as recited in claim 18, wherein said semiconductor interference mirror is said upper mirror.
20. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein said vertically etching step forms a plurality of said pillars and wherein said first connecting step connects a plurality of said first electrical contacts to respective ones of said pillars, whereby a plurality of laser diodes are formed.
This application is a division of Ser. No. 07/380,996, filed July 17, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,949,350.
The invention relates generally to semiconductor lasers. In particular, the invention relates to vertically arranged heterostructure lasers including quantum wells and interference mirrors and the method of making them.
Semiconductor lasers are well known and of great importance. One type, which has been explored recently, is a vertical-cavity, surface emitting laser. Such a laser relies on precisely controlled epitaxial growth of semiconducting material of varying composition. A vertical (planar) Fabry-Perot optical resonator is epitaxially formed on the substrate. Two semiconductor multilayer interference mirrors surround an active region. The lasing wavelength is determined by the bandgap of the active region and the distance between the mirrors is set to this wavelength or a multiple thereof. It has further been recognized that the active region can be formed of one or more quantum wells, to which the carriers are confined, thus increasing the lasing efficiency. A quantum well layer is a semiconductor layer of such thinness that its bandgap is determined by both its composition and it thickness. For the AlGaAs and InAlAsP families of III-V materials, these quantum effects occur at thicknesses of 100 nm or less.
However, known vertical-cavity, surface emitting lasers are not completely satisfactory. Much of the reported work has described optically pumped lasers. Optical pumping eliminates the need for metallic or at least highly conducting semiconducting contacts, which tend to absorb light. However, electrical pumping is much preferred for most applications.
Much of the reported work also involves relatively large laser areas. For many applications, only a small quantity of light is required and low power consumption is highly desirable. That is, it is desired that the vertical-cavity laser have a small cross-section. Furthermore, a small cross-sectional cavity provides better directionality and smaller linewidths. Sakaguchi et al have reported in an article entitled "Vertical cavity surface-emitting laser with an AlGaAs/AlAs Bragg reflector" appearing in Electronics Letters, volume 24, 1988 at pages 928 and 929 a laser having a single semiconductor interference mirror and a cavity defined by a surface ring electrode. However, the 20 μm diameter is considered too high.
We have previously reported in an article by Jewell et al entitled "GaAs-AlAs monolithic microresonator arrays" appearing in Applied Physics Letters, volume 51, 1987 at pages 94-96 1.5 μm diameter Fabry-Perot resonators. Recently, we disclosed the optically pumped lasing of such resonators in an article by Jewell et al entitled "Lasing characteristics of GaAs microresonators" appearing in Applied Physics Letters, volume 54, 1989 at pages 1400-1402. Gourley et al have disclosed a similar but laterally undefined lasing structure in a technical article entitled "High-efficiency TEM00 continuous-wave (Al,Ga)As epitaxial surface-emitting lasers and effect of half-wave periodic gain" appearing in Applied Physics Letters, volume 54, 1989 at pages 1209-1211. We consider the argon ion milling used for the devices disclosed in the two Jewell et al articles to produce excessive trapping at the sides of the pillars. In any case, this art does not disclose the electrical pumping of these narrow devices.
One of us, Jewell, has disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,999,842 a vertical-cavity laser structure having one or two quantum wells and two interference mirrors. No details of the procedure to horizontally define the vertical cavity were provided.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide a laser with a low threshold current.
A further object of the invention is to provide a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser.
A yet further object of the invention is to provide a method of making a surface emitting laser which minimizes junction barriers and carrier absorption.
The invention can be summarized as a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in which a vertical pillar of micrometer dimensions is formed with one or more quantum well layers having a bandgap smaller than that of the substrate. A cavity is defined within the pillar by alternating layers of material on each end forming interference mirrors. The quantum-well layers and spacers are formed between the mirrors to thicknesses such that a full wave exists between the mirrors. Electrical pumping of the laser is facilitated by heavily doping the bottom mirror and spacer and the substrate to one conductivity type and heavily doping the opposite conductivity type the upper spacer and mirror. A metallic surface contact is applied to the top mirror.
The electrical efficiency of the high aspect ratio pillar is obtained by using chemically assisted heavy ion beam etching to obtain the pillar structure and by depositing the surface contact to the semiconductor prior to etch-definition of the pillar.
FIG. 1 is a cross-section of the general configuration of the electrically pumped surface emitting laser of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the bottom portion of a specific embodiment of the surface emitting laser of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 and 4 are expanded cross-sections of portions of the cross-section of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the middle portion of the embodiment of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the top portion of the embodiment of FIG. 2.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are expanded cross-sections of portions of the cross-section of FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 is an illustration of the etching apparatus used in fabricating the embodiment of FIG. 2.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the output of a laser of the invention.
The present invention provides a vertical cavity, surface-emitting laser of high efficiency and small cross-section so that the lasing current threshold can be made very small. The general structure is illustrated in cross-section in FIG. 1. A vertical structure is epitaxially grown on a substrate 10. After growth, the vertical structure is lithographically defined into a pillar 12 having a diameter on the order of a few micrometers. The pillar 12 contains a vertical-cavity laser. Specifically, there are formed over the substrate 10 a lower mirror 14, a lower spacer 16, a quantum well region 18, an upper spacer 20, an upper mirror 22 and a gold contact layer 24.
The lasing action occurs in the quantum well region 18 at a wavelength determined by both the composition and the thickness of the quantum well layers to be described more completely later. The ends of the optical cavity are defined by the mirrors 14 and 22, each of which is a interference filter having multiple periods of two alternating materials of different refractive index. The thickness of each layer in the mirrors is one-quarter of the optical wavelength in that material of the lasing frequency so that the lasing light is mostly reflected back into the cavity by the mirrors 14 and 22. The thicknesses of the spacers 16 and 20 are chosen so that the optical distance between the opposing faces of the mirrors 14 and 22 is equal to the lasing wavelength and so that the quantum well layers are optically centered within the so defined cavity.
The gold layer 24 performs two functions. It reflects back into the optical cavity whatever light has not been reflected by the upper mirror 22 and further provides an electrical contact 26 for electrical pumping of the laser. Another electrical contact 28 is made to the substrate 10. Electrical pumping is further facilitated by making the upper spacer 20 and upper mirror 22 to be p+ -type and by making the lower spacer 16, the lower mirror 14 and the substrate 10 to be n+ -type.
The lower mirror 14 is not completely reflecting so that laser light is emitted through that mirror 14 and through the substrate 10. The composition of the lasing quantum well layers is chosen so that the remaining semiconductor regions 10, 14, 16, 20 and 22, even though heavily doped, are mostly transparent to the lasing wavelength.
The variety of electrical characteristics required of the epitaxial material grown in the pillar 12 is made possible by a family of multi-component semiconductor materials. The principal embodiment to be described below uses In0.2 Ga0.8 As for the quantum well layers determining the lasing wavelength and further uses GaAs, AlAs and their alloys for the remaining structure. All these materials can be heteroepitaxially grown. Nonetheless, the successful fabrication of these pillar-type lasers to have minimum threshold current presents several difficulties.
First, the threshold current is reduced as the cross-section of the pillar is reduced. However, the sidewalls of the pillar introduce electrical defects. The smaller the cross-section of the pillar, the more dominating are the sidewall defects. Secondly, the power dissipation of a laser depends not only on the threshold current but also on the applied voltage. The structure described so far has a large number of interfaces. Interfaces between semiconductor layers and the metal-semiconductor interface tend to introduce voltage barriers. For instance, charged interface defects will deplete a neighboring semiconductor region, introducing a voltage drop across the interface across which the threshold current must travel.
In order to reduce the interface and sidewall defects in the vertical-cavity laser of FIG. 1, the design and fabrication of the experimentally verified laser of the invention included additional structure and unusual processing.
The epitaxial growth was performed by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using a GEN-II MBE station commercially available from Varian. This MBE station was equipped with effusion cells for Ga, Al, As, Si and Be. An n-type (100)-oriented GaAs wafer doped n+ with Si to 3�1018 cm-3 was used for the substrate 10. The substrate 10 was cleaned by the standard MBE practice of oxidation and thermal oxide desorption in the growth chamber. After cleaning, the substrate 10 was placed in the MBE station and heated to 580� C. for epitaxial growth. First, a 0.5 μm GaAs buffer layer, not specifically illustrated, was grown with the same doping as the substrate 10. The lower mirror 14 and spacer 16 were then grown. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the lower mirror 14 consisted of twenty periods 28 of an AlAs layer 30 of 79.2 nm thickness and a GaAs layer 32 of 66.4 nm thickness. Between each pair of AlAs and GaAs layers 30 and 32 was formed a thin lower mirror superlattice 34. As shown in FIG. 3, the lower mirror superlattice layer 34 consisted of two GaAs layers 36 alternating with two AlAs layers 38. All these layers 36 and 38 were 1.7 nm thick. The superlattice 34 was used to reduce resistance, as has been reported by Peng et al in a technical article entitled "Extremely low resistance non-alloy ohmic contacts on GaAs using InAs/InGaAs and InAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices", appearing in Applied Physics Letters, volume 54, 1988 at pages 900-901. All the layers 30, 32, 36 and 38 in the lower mirror 14 were doped n+ with 3�1018 cm-3 of Si. The substrate 10 was spun during the deposition of the bottom eighteen of the twenty periods 28 of the lower mirror 14 in order to provide uniformity.
As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the lower spacer 16 consisted of an AlAs layer 40 of thickness 70.7 nm and an Al0.5 Ga0.5 As layer 42 of 85 nm thickness separated by a lower spacer superlattice 44. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the lower spacer superlattice 44 consisted of eight GaAs layers 50, 52 and 54 alternating with seven Al0.5 Ga0.5 As layers 56. All the AlGaAs layers 56 were of 1.7 nm thickness. However, the GaAs layer thickness decreased from the bottom toward the top. The bottom three layers 50 were of 1.7 nm thickness, the next three layers 52 were of 1.13 nm thickness while the top two layers 54 were of 0.56 nm thickness. All layers in the lower spacer 16 were similarly doped n+ with 3�1018 cm-3 of Si.
The quantum well region 18 consisted of three quantum wells with graded index regions on each side. One quantum well could have provided better efficiency. However, it was considered difficult to build. The quantum well structure is specifically illustrated in FIG. 5. Three active quantum well layers 60 of In0.2 Ga0.8 As of thickness 8 nm were sandwiched between four GaAs layers 62 of thickness 10 nm. The lasing wavelength was determined by both the composition and thickness of the InGaAs layers 60. In order to better confine the carriers to the quantum well, there was provided a lower graded index layer 64 of thickness 20 nm which was linearly graded from Al0.5 Ga0.5 As at the bottom to GaAs at the top. In growth, the composition was changed in 2 nm slices. Similarly, there was provided an upper graded index layer 66 of 20 nm thickness changing from GaAs to Al0.5 Ga0.5 As during growth. All layers 60, 62, 64 and 66 in the quantum well region 18 were nominally undoped. During the growth of the quantum well region 18, the substrate temperature was reduced to 540� C.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, the upper spacer 20 consisted of a layer of Al0.5 Ga0.5 As of thickness 93.9 nm doped p+ with 2.5�1018 cm-3 of Be. Furthermore, for the deposition of the upper spacer 20 and mirror 22, the substrate temperature was raised again to 580� C.
Most of the upper mirror 22 was composed of twelve periods 70 of an AlAs layer 72 of 68 nm thickness and a GaAs layer 74 of 57 nm thickness. Additionally, each period 70 contained first and second upper mirror superlattices 76 and 78 in order to facilitate electron transport between the AlAs and GaAs layers 72 and 74. As illustrated in FIG. 7, each first upper mirror superlattice 76 consisted of two AlAs layers 80 and two GaAs layers 82, all of 1.13 nm thickness. The second upper mirror superlattice 78 was considerably more complex and changed from a GaAs-rich superlattice at the bottom to an AlAs-rich one at the top in order to match the adjacent AlAs and GaAs layers 72 and 74. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the second upper mirror superlattice 78 consisted of a first two-period superlattice of two Al0.5 Ga0.5 As layers 84 of 0.56 nm thickness and two AlAs layers 86 of 1.13 nm thickness, a second superlattice of two more Al0.5 Ga0.5 As layers 88 of 1.13 nm thickness and two AlAs layers 90 of 1.13 nm thickness, a third superlattice of two GaAs layers 92 of 1.13 nm thickness and two AlAs layers 64 of 1.13 nm thickness, a fourth superlattice of two more GaAs layers 96 of 1.13 nm thickness and two more Al0.5 Ga0.5 As layers 98 of 1.13 nm thickness, and a fifth superlattice of two GaAs layers 100 of 1.7 nm thickness and two yet further Al0.5 Ga0.5 As layers 102 of 1.13 nm thickness.
In the bottom three periods 70 of the upper mirror 22, all the layers 72, 74, 76 and 78 were doped p+ with a concentration of 2.5�1018 cm-3 of Be while the concentration was raised to 5�1018 cm-3 for the upper nine periods 70.
The upper mirror 22 was completed, as illustrated in FIG. 6, with another first upper mirror superlattice 76, as AlAs layer 104 of 27 nm thickness, another second upper mirror superlattice 78 and a GaAs layer 106 of 3 nm thickness. The doping continued at 5�1018 cm-3 of Be. The GaAs layer 104 was delta-doped to a surface concentration of 1013 cm-2 Be, which was less than a monolayer of Be. The delta-doping was accomplished by turning off the other sources. Schubert et al have reported a similar type of delta-doping in an article entitled "Delta-doped ohmic contacts to n-GaAs" appearing in Applied Physics Letters, volume 49, 1986 at pages 292-294. However, their multiple delta-doping planes were all evenly spaced away from the surface within the semiconductor. An alternative to delta-doping the GaAs would be to deposit an InAs layer, delta-doping it and then covering the delta-doped InAs with a 5 nm thick GaAs layer to achieve the surface contact while preventing the oxidation of the delta-doped area.
It is noted that a total of 504 layers were performed in the MBE growth cycle to grow a heterostructure of about 5.3 μm height.
At the completion of MBE growth, the sample was quickly moved to a thermal evaporation chamber to be coated with the gold layer 24 to a thickness of 150 nm. The minimum exposure to air reduces the surface oxidation of the semiconductor. Alternatively, the semiconductor structure could be capped with As in the MBE chamber. The As cap would then be desorbed in the thermal evaporator immediately preceding the Au evaporation. Silver could be thermally deposited in place of the gold for better reflectivity. Indium or aluminum could be deposited by MBE to replace the gold layer 24 and thus avoid any possibility of oxidation.
At this stage, the wafer has a uniform planar structure and the pillar structure remains to be defined. An optical lithography process then was followed. Resist was spun onto the gold layer 24 and was contact exposed to an optical pattern and developed so as to leave the gold layer 24 exposed above the intended pillars 12. Nickel was then deposited to a thickness of approximately 0.15 μm. Chromium or titanium could replace the nickel. Any of these metals could alternatively be deposited by electrodeposition or sputter deposition. The sample was then washed in acetone so as to remove any remaining photoresist. That is, the nickel away from the pillar 12 was lifted off. A u-v stabilized photoresist, such as AZ-4110, could be used to eliminate the need for the nickel ion-milling mask.
Chemically assisted heavy-ion etching was used to reduce electrical damage to the sidewalls. Such reduction is required for lasers of small cross-section since a heavily damaged sidewall will dominate electronic effects as the cross-sectional area to sidewall area is decreased. Xenon was used for the ion species although other ions heavier than argon, such as krypton, should also reduce damage relative to argon. The reduction of surface damage on a planar surface by using xenon has been disclosed by Pang et al in a technical article entitled "Effects of ion species and adsorbed gas on dry etching induced damage in GaAs" appearing in Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, volume 3, 1985 at pages 398-401. The reduction of sidewall damage by use of Cl2 assisted Ar milling has been discussed by Scherer et al in a technical article entitled "Electrical damage induced by ion beam etching of GaAs" appearing in Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, volume 6, 1988 at pages 277-279.
As illustrated in FIG. 9, the chemically assisted heavy-ion etching was performed in a vacuum chamber 110. A pumping stack 114 maintained a base pressure within the chamber 110 of 1�10-7 Torr. A sample 116 was loaded into the pumped chamber 110 through a load-lock 118. The sample 116 was held on a sample holder 120 heated to 100� C. The Cl2 was supplied through a reactive gas supply tube 122 connected to two nozzles 124 flooding the face of the sample 116. The Cl2 gas flow was maintained at 10 sccm. A mass spectrometer 126 was used to analyze the reaction products during the etch. If desired, the Cl2 could be pre-ionized to Cl-, which is more chemically active, in a microwave cavity or a hot (≈2000� C.) gas nozzle.
A Kaufmann ion source 128 was used to generate ion beams of Xe+ with a voltage of 1000 eV. Xenon was supplied to the ion source 128 through an inert gas supply tube 130, to which a mass flow controller maintained a Xe flow of 4.5 sccm. The Xe ion flux at the sample was monitored with a shutter and maintained at 75 μA/cm2. Under these conditions, the etch rate of Xe+ /Cl2 was 1.2 μm/minute. The etching was continued to the full 5.5 μm height of the deposited structure. However, the etching could have been stopped just below the quantum well layer 18, which would provide better heat sinking.
The lower lead 28 was connected to the n+ substrate 10 by indium soldering although spot-welding is an alternative. It is noted that the substrate 10 could have been semi-insulating GaAs with an n+ epi-layer on its surface. The processing of the tested samples stopped at this point and the upper contact 26 was provided by a movable probe having a tip of radius ≈5 μm.
The lithographic mask provided a large number of lasers having 2, 3, 4, and 5 μm diameters on a 3�5 mm chip. The device density was about two million per square centimeter.
Individual lasers were driven by the lower contact 28 and the movable probe. Light was monitored through the substrate 10, which was polished on the back side. Shown in FIG. 10 is the lasing light output for a 3 μm laser at 958 nm taken with 50 ns voltage pulses at low duty cycle. At the current threshold of 1.3 mA the voltage was about 15 V rising to 20 V at 3.5 mA. The 5 μm lasers required 8 V and 2 mA for threshold. The 2 μm lasers were found to require about 20 V for threshold. The lasing wavelength varied by 1.5 nm over the chip.
Another embodiment was fabricated having a single quantum well but otherwise corresponding to the fully described embodiment. This sample showed a somewhat lower current threshold for lasing but also a lower differential quantum efficiency than the three quantum well principal embodiment.
The process described above could be improved in a number of respects. The chip with the pillar structure etched into the heterostructure could be planarized with polyimide. The polyimide would then be etched back with O2 in order to expose the top contacts. Spin glass could be substituted for polyimide. It is recommended that the etched heterostructure be surface passivated with sulfur or selenium, as has been described by Sandroff et al in a technical article entitled "Electronic passivation of GaAs surfaces through the formation of arsenic-sulfur bonds", appearing in Applied Physics Letters, volume 54, 1989 at pages 362-364. Selenium passivation has been shown to reduce the threshold current by 50% in these structures. Semiinsulating AlGaAs or AlAs or insulating SiO2 can then be regrown on the etched sidewalls to permanently passivate these surfaces. Then relatively thick gold deposited around the electrically insulated sidewalls can be used both for the upper contact and to heat sink the entire pillar laser. A mesa-like structure of non-circular shape could be substituted for the described circular mesas or pillars.
Although the above embodiment involved the AlGaAs family of semiconductors, there are advantages to using InP-based materials. In this case, the Cl2 chemically assisted etch would be changed to HBr or I2. A mixture of CH4 :H2 has also been found useful for chemically assisted ion beam etching.
Low loss and small area lasers have been achieved in the described embodiments because of the strong waveguiding provided by the large refractive index difference Δn between the semiconductor pillar and the vacuum on the outside. It is well-known that cavities with low loss and small area cannot be made without incorporation of some waveguiding structure. For nonguiding structures, the following expression in terms of effective cavity length L, vacuum optical wavelength λ, refractive index n, total cavity losses per pass S, and minimum cavity cross-sectional area Amin is valid: ##EQU1## That is, there is a minimum cross-sectional area Amin below which lasing does not occur. For small loss S, the finesse of the cavity is equal to π/S so that S can be calculated from measured values of finesse. The exact value of the constant k depends on exactly how the area is defined (e.g., bounded by where the intensity falls to 1/e or 1/e2 of the maximum intensity. This constant k has been determined in a separate experiment to be about 0.25.
By normalizing this expression, a waveguiding confinement factor W for a cross-sectional area A can be defined as: ##EQU2## The confinement factor W will be less than unity in the case of no waveguiding and greater than unity when guiding occurs. Ibaraki et al have disclosed in a technical article entitled "Buried Heterostructure GaAs/GaAlAs Distributed Bragg Reflector Surface Emitting Laser with Very Low Threshold (5.2 mA) under Room Temperature CW Conditions" appearing in Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, volume 28, 1989, at pages L667 and L668 a weakly waveguided surface emitting laser of diameter 5 μm, length about 3 μm and losses per pass of about 5%. These quantities yield W≈3.5. By comparison, the laser of the principal embodiment includes a 2 μm diameter, 1 μm long cavity with a conservatively estimated loss of 0.9% per pass. This yields W≈40, more than 10 times that of the previously disclosed structure. The corresponding values for W of the 3 and 5 μm lasers of the principal embodiment are 17.8 and 6.4. Thus the smaller 2 and 3 μm lasers of the principal embodiment are the first demonstrated strongly waveguiding vertical cavity lasers.
This strong confinement is made possible in the disclosed structure by having a very large refractive index difference Δn between the inside and outside of the waveguide. While both the structure described here and that of Ibaraki et al has n≈3.5 inside the guide, Ibaraki et al's structure has n≈3.2 on the outside while the present device has n=1. Thus, the value of Δn for the disclosed embodiments is 2.5 versus 0.3 for Ibaraki et al. All known prior-art electrically pumped surface emitting lasers with a vertical cavity have structures similar to that of Ibaraki et al. Thus, it is highly unlikely that the prior technology can be extended to produce devices with a waveguide confinement factor much larger than 3.5.
It is not required that the laser-containing pillar be free standing in order to obtain the large refractive index difference Δn. As is shown in TABLE 1, the III-V semiconducting materials of interest have a refractive index n between 2.9 and 3.6. Alloys of these materials have similar values. Layers of these materials have an effective index intermediate between those of the constituent layers.
TABLE 1______________________________________ n______________________________________ GaAs 3.5 AlAs 2.9 InGaAs 3.6 ZnS 2.5 air/vacuum 1.0 glass 1.5______________________________________
On the other hand, most non-III-V materials that would be used in conjunction therewith have a refractive index n that is substantially less. Therefore, the III-V material in the pillar should be surrounded by non-III-V material. However, there are several considerations. The pillar may have its sidewalls passivated by a thin layer of AlGaAs. As long as the thickness of this passivating layer is considerably less than an optical wavelength, taking into account the local refractive index, it will have small effect on the effective refractive index difference Δn. Also, at a large optical distance from the pillar of approximately 10�λ or more, approximately 10 μm, the presence of a III-V material would have little effect. Based on these observations, a general rule for obtaining a large refractive index difference Δn is that the III-V pillar defining the resonant cavity between the mirrors be surrounded on its sides by a continuous region of material not containing any III-V semiconducting material. This continuous non-III-V region should be located within at least an optical distance of 10�λ of the pillar and have a thickness of at least λ/100.
By means of the novel structure and processing of the present invention, very small and efficient semiconductor lasers have been achieved. They have been built of materials amenable to electronic integrated circuits. Accordingly, such lasers can be incorporated into laser arrays in opto-electronic circuits.
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Finally! I have a super fun book for you guys. Super fun! I would say it's great "summer reading," but summer has already passed so maybe that isn't the best selling point. Unless you're in Southern California and you're still spending your afternoons by the pool because, no matter how much you may want to start wearing your cardigans, it's still like 80 degrees outside. Or because gas is almost $5 a gallon these days and you can't afford to go anywhere anyway. Oh, the trials and tribulations of living in the Golden State….
Well, regardless of where you are and what the weather's like, I highly recommend you find a copy of Maria Semple's latest novel, Where'd You Go, Bernadette(2012). It's kind of young adult-ish, but it was recommended to me by a co-worker who is not in my young adult book club, and who writes primarily sci-fi/fantasy fiction, so trust me when I say that it's just all around enjoyable. That being said, I would definitely recommend this to the right high school student, too. The 'narrator' is high school-age, and the writing is simple enough for an adolescent to follow (easily, I would think) but mysterious enough to hold their interest.
I put "narrator" in quotes because it needs to be qualified. This book is really only partially narrated. Most of the time, what you're reading are documents (letters, emails, official records)–kind of like primary sources–that the narrator, Bee, has collected in order to tell her family's story. Most specifically, the story of the disappearance of her mother, Bernadette. The format is so clever that it captured my interest right away. In fact, the sections where Bee steps in to speak in real-time were almost disappointing. They were helpful in filling in some of the information gaps, but I found the other characters' (often catty) voices much more intriguing. Plus, just think about how much preparatory work Semple must have done to create those documents and make them believable. As my co-worker who lent me the book said, she must have written an entire book before the book–created a world in which those emails and letters and reports were composed, simply so that she could remove them from their context and piece them together one by one in a way that gives the reader a journey to go on, a mystery to solve, alongside the daughter. Very impressive.
You'll also find this book of particular interest if you're from Seattle (it takes place there, mostly), have any experience with the Microsoft corporate culture (I don't, so please tell me how accurate it is!), and/or have dealt intimately with private schools in any location. Working at a private school myself, I can testify that Semple is a master at communicating subtext in the interactions of these families who find themselves part of the same community though not necessarily with shared ideas of what it means to be successful or proper. She exemplifies the old writing rule, "Show, don't tell," with the emails that pass back and forth between parents and how they differ from what the people actually say to each other face-to-face. Her characterizations are really quite cutting. It's like watching reality TV, only your brain is actually being stimulated because you're reading. The best!
When I was first loaned the book, I thought that Semple's name sounded familiar but I failed to check out her book jacket bio (unusual for me) before I became wrapped up in the story, so it slipped my mind for a while. Eventually, about ¾ of the way through, a lull in the action left me a little distracted and I found this: Semple has written for Mad About You (meh), Ellen (okay…), SNL (seriously?), and…wait for it…Arrested Development (say WHAT?!) That's right. You want to read it now, don't you? I knew there had to be a reason why she imagined disfunction so well and with so much hilarity. She's a talent, I tell ya.
If you're anything like me, you're very wary of books that have just come out within the last sixth months and have already garnered book jacket-praise from the likes of Jonathan Franzen. You're also wary of people who have forged careers in the entertainment business in one regard and now fancy themselves authors of worthwhile reads because, hey, it's what all the cool kids are doing these days. Semple's book has been something of a hit, and she has written for some damn good shows (okay, at least one damn good show) but count not these things against her. Where'd You Go, Bernadette is an original, well-told, witty story that deserves to be picked up when you have an itch for something fun. Two thumbs up!
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A child of style
Meet Aya Abesamis, only daughter of Desiree Verdadero, who placed second runner-up in the Miss Universe 1984 pageant, and Dr. JB Abesamis, Manila's top male model in the '80s.
Tall, with a perfect figure and a beauty-queen smile, she blushes when asked if she would join Bb. Pilipinas this year. "I am so into my studies right now," is her safe answer. For this exclusive Lifestyle shoot, Aya wears Jill by Jojie Lloren, Anne Klein, and Culte Femme by Hindy Weber-Tantoco.
Aya projects corporate-executive confidence in the tailored numbers, and shines sensually in the weekend getups. Note the fine accessories that make each ensemble an unforgettable look. All these beautiful dresses are available at Rustan's Makati.
At what age did you learn that your parents were top models, and your mom was a Miss Universe runner-up?
I think around 3 or 4 years old, I had an idea. I would have a babysitter, whenever we were in America, and would watch them do shows.
At what age did you want to model? Your first event?
When I was still young, I would pose a lot for the camera, when my dad would call me for pictures and say, "Andrea, look at the camera." I think I was in my preteen when I first thought of being just like them, in doing not just work, but a certain art in beauty.
I was 9 when I had my first fashion show for Adidas at Discovery suites, but my real first big event was for the Metro show at Shangri-La Hotel Edsa, when I was 16.
What pointers did your mom and dad give you? Who taught you to walk on the ramp and pose for shoots?
My parents would always say, "straight back, so that you will look tall." They would also teach me how to dress like a model; I guess that influenced me a lot.
My mother and father, of course, would teach me how to walk, pose, do the basics, but the modeling generation now is different from how it was before. Observation, concentration and practice are also a big part of learning from the senior models of the PMAP.
Do you also want to join the Bb. Pilipinas and follow in your mom's footsteps?
I haven't thought of it; I'm mostly focusing on my studies, especially since it's my last year.
What is the difference between the models today and those in your parents' time?
There are more models now. During their time, there would be a certain group, and just them, who would get all the work; they would do at least two gala shows a night, and hang out with the designers and socialize while they were all still dolled. The modeling before was more theatrical.
What about the PMAP then and in your parents' time?
There's no difference. There are more members now, though.
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GLWTS, that is a prime example of a clean mk2! I hope it goes to a good home =:beer::beer::beer::beer:
Type: Posts; User: mrmaffioso
GLWTS, that is a prime example of a clean mk2! I hope it goes to a good home =:beer::beer::beer::beer:
Done dealio sent the $$
Sent my info ect. Paypal awaits hopefully we can close this deal tomorrow.
Hello sir was wondering what your asking for with shipping or if you will ship to Texas? 78736 is my zip code. If you could get back to me that would excellent. Thanks !
Pmed !!!
Paid in full, sent pm verifying and should have PayPal confirmation. Cheers
You have a pm:thumbup:
You have a pm!
looking forward to it. Gonna sleep for a few and get my bearings straight, I'll be there Shortly !
Well gents I made it from washington state to boulder city in 15 hours , slept for 4 hours and was rattled by all the skeez balls in boulder city left boulder city ( Vegas ) and made it to Austin in...
I know the same feeling of mixed emotions happy/sad/confused! I truly love your car it was a perfect example of what good taste is! GL man :beer:!
It was right off the freeway, that pos honda was in front of me it was like 95 civic with a this exhaust as big as a soccer ball i kid you not, and i was admiring the amount of " lack there of "...
Funny you mention cops......This literally just happened, I got pulled over due to my EXHAUST in a 100% STOCK CW GTI, I was like are you referring to my stock exhaust? He said it was past DB...
Hey man i just spent some time reading your build thread, I really have to say I am happy your going in a different direction with your GLI, from your post I know you were not butt hurt at all the...
AHHHH Mike i am truly sorry you missed that drive/G2G it is such a blast, you meet so many different people and air-cooled/ water-cooled / to just basically weird VW/ Audi's, I cant begin to tell you...
That is truth, i mean it is really like the show portlandia, all that dumb stuff you see on there really happens and im not exaggerating one bit, but im glad to be getting out of here and sadly yes i...


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Photo by Romulo Yanes
Leave a Review
Every one raved.. And it was so easy!
If you are having trouble finding Cope's Dried Corn in your local stores, you can always order directly from John Cope's at www.johncopes.com
Cooked this up one saturday for guest who are known for their own dinner parties. Knew they liked southwest so took a chance on this recipe. Did not have toasted corn, so roasted in oven. Added some cooked bacon and subbed creme fraiche with 1/2 whipping cream nd 1/2 sour cream. Was very good and presented very well . srved with corn bread. Danny
Very easy with incredible taste. Served with crabmeat and bacon this time, will try shrimp and muschrooms next. Also great as a creamy "sipping soup" to use as a small course in a complex meal. Ordered Cope's Corn on line, will definitely try to find it in a local store now. This is a restaurant quality keeper!
I was disappointed in this. Mushrooms overwhelmed the taste of the soup base and the shrimp. It was just a cream of mushroom soup with shrimp. Not sure it was worth the effort.
this was really good and different! i used 1 lb of shrimp and 1 lb of mushrooms.


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Tuesday, November 11, 2014
I have moved the Compass Rose north for the fall striper run. I am located in Belmar at the Seaport Inlet Marina.
It's just a quick 5 minute ride from my slip to the ocean. We had a good run of fish come through around Halloween
but since then it's been slow. The run should break open any day now. Just need the weather to cooperate.
Tuesday, October 14, 2014
Friday, September 14, 2012
The fishing in LBI has been some of the best action we have had in years. Labor day weekend was a very successful
end to the "summer season". I had a great charter with Paul Garfinkel and his friend Jay. The two experienced
fishermen wanted a relaxing day on the water, so we set out to one of my favorite "hot spots" for some bottom fishing.
Unfortunately, they didn't have much time to relax. From the moment we put the lines down we had continuous action
for six hours. Bottom fishing doesn't usually work this way. There are periods of action followed by periods of
down time, based on the tide and currents. We ended the day catching over forty fluke and 10 keepers up to 5lbs. On
the way in, I spotted a bunker pod which appeared to have some sort of predator underneath by the way the bunker we acting.
I grabbed a spinning outfit I always keep ready for such circumstances and casted into the school of frenzied bunker.
We were immediately hooked up and the battle was on. I have caught many sharks this way and assumed we had another
shark on the line by the way the fish was fighting. The fish began spooling the small spinning outfit so I handed the
rod to Jay who took the rod up to the bow and I began chasing after the fish with the boat. This went on for 40 minutes
until we got the fish to the top of the water. I was prepared to cut the line because I thought we had a shark. I
did not have a gaff on the boat. To our surprise, a large cobia appeared on the top of the water. I grabbed the
net and somehow scooped the fish out of the water and into the boat. We were thrilled to have such a trophy fish in
the boat to cap off such a great day of fishing. The cobia weighed in at 38lbs and was the first cobia I have ever heard
of caught off LBI. Cobia is a delicious tasting fish and I was happy to share fresh fillets with my friends and neighbors.
Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Congratulations to Emily Losier who is now the new record holder for the largest fluke ever caught on my boat in the 12
years I have been charter fishing. Emily's fluke tipped the scales at 8.62lbs and measured 28.5"!!! The Losier
family was down from Boston and chartered my boat for the 2nd straight year in a row. Last year's trip went very well
and everyone had a great time so we were hoping for a similar experience. No one expected one of the best fishing trips
with 3 Fluke over 5.5lbs and several others in the 4lb range. They ended the day with 8 keepers which is great for a
half day trip. Emily was again high hook on the boat for the 2nd straight year. She claims her special jigging
technique and pop music playing on the Sirius Satellite is the key to her success. Her fluke was the largest fluke weighed
in at the Beach Haven Marlin & Tuna Club since the year 2000.
The next day we returned to the same spot and again
caught a nice 5lb 26" fluke. The seas were very rough and we had trouble holding bottom with 10 ounces of weight.
We also caught a nice blue headed sea bass and some Taylor size blues.
Friday, August 10, 2012
The fluke and sea bass fishing can't get much better. The local reefs and wrecks are holding large numbers of fluke
and the sea bass have completed their summer spawn and are back to feeding aggressively. As long as the conditions provide
for a drift over the reef area, you will be rewarded with a nice catch. I have had numerous trips out to the reefs which
have produced many Fluke upwards of 5lbs. We have been using gulp bait and live peanut bunker which I personally cast
net for each evening for a trip. I like to call these peanut bunker "fluke candy" because they appear to be
irresistible to the doormat fluke. Keep your lines jigging when you are using the gulp bait....dead sticking doesn't
work that well. I have a few dates available towards the end of the month and into September.
Here is a
picture of a 5lb fluke we picked off of a wreck last week off Atlantic City....
Tight Lines!! Capt.


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Lenny's rise from garage to Brazil's bikini queen
Thursday - 4/18/2013, 9:02am EDT
Associated Press
RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) -- Before she became Brazil's bikini queen, with an empire of chic boutiques and legions of VIP fans that include Hollywood A-listers and pop royalty, Lenny Niemeyer was locked away in her garage, making swimwear out of old pareos and sliced cow bones.
Sitting before this perfectly coiffed blond businesswoman in a sun-lit corner office in her Rio de Janeiro headquarters, it's hard to picture her hacking though bovine femurs with a surgical saw to make ornamental loops for her first bikini bottoms. But steely determination that propelled Niemeyer from her garage atelier to the summit of the Brazilian fashion industry still glints in her grey eyes.
"It was all improvised. I had no idea what I was doing and one thing just led to another," said Niemeyer, seated at a desk littered with sketches, heavy art books and a rainbow of spandex swatches -- the inspiration for the spring-summer 2013 collection that hits the runway on Wednesday at Fashion Rio, the city's five-day-long fashion extravaganza that began on Monday.
Known for her use of muted earth tones and the clean, almost architectural lines of her swimwear, Niemeyer sells some 350,000 pieces a year, mostly at her 26 boutiques throughout the country, but also at multi-mark shops in Britain, France, the Bahamas and in 23 U.S. states. Recent signature pieces include a bikini in slate gray, an asymmetrical one-piece with a wavy metallic stripe down one side and a cage-like long-sleeve one-piece made from a mesh of 1 centimeter-wide strips of spandex.
While still almost alarmingly itsy-bitsy by American standards, Lenny's bikinis are less revealing than most bikinis here, and less flashy and cutesy than the bubblegum pink offerings of many swimwear labels here. Though Lenny's customers run the age gamut from adolescent gamines to sexy seniors, her devotees are widely regarded as mature and self-assured. Lenny emphatically doesn't count the teenyboppers - fans of things shiny who are bent on showing a maximum of skin - that constitute the core customer base for so many other Brazilian swimwear brands.
The brand of choice for well-heeled Brazilians for more than two decades, Lenny leaped to international fame in 2007, when Nicole Kidman wore one of her swimsuits in a racy "Vanity Fair" spread then ordered several Lenny suits of her own. Lenny's swimwear bikinis make regular appearances in Vogues the world over, helping her win a legion of heavy-hitting fans who include celebrated fashion designer Carolina Herrera and pop sensation Lady Gaga, who donned a turquoise strapless number by the designer while in Rio last year.
Brazilian-born, London-based socialite Andrea Dellal swears by Lenny's beachwear. Whether she's on the beach in Ipanema or a yacht in Capri, you can bet Dellal's swimsuits, cover-ups and tunics are all from the label.
Top models including Naomi Campbell, Mariacarla Boscono, Isabeli Fontana and Gisele Bundchen have walked in Lenny's shows.
In Brazil, where her bikinis which start at around $125 are among the most expensive on the market, she's adored.
"Lenny took beachwear to another category," said Alexandra Farah, a fashion columnist on the BandNews television network. "She took it from something that was really a little vulgar, all about showing skin and looing sexy, and she made it into something elegant, that breathes chic.
"And it feels very natural, not forced, because she leads the kind of lifestyle the brand is all about, one that's full of elegance and sophistication."
The daughter of a sugar cane and orange grower, Niemeyer is a native of Santos, a port city that rubs shoulders with Brazil's industrial megalopolis, Sao Paulo. She describes herself as an artsy kid, into drawing and painting. After studying fine arts in college, she fell into a job as a landscape designer, planning gardens and yards for private clients.
Her marriage to neurosurgeon Paulo Niemeyer, nephew of Brazil's legendary late architect Oscar Niemeyer, and subsequent move to Rio cut her off from her landscaping clients, but Niemeyer wasn't one to stay home.
"In Sao Paulo then, in the late seventies, beachwear was still pretty conservative, so everyone there looked to Rio for more provocative styles," said Niemeyer. "My friends in Sao Paulo were always asking me to bring them back bikinis, and I thought 'why not try?'"
And so she launched into her garage-based endeavor, at first modifying store-bought bikinis and then stitching her own out of whatever materials she could get her hands on. Rings made from cow bones, sliced with her husband's surgical saw and chemically treated to keep them from decomposing, became the initial adornment of choice.


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Sunbelt Software Announces Major Upgrade to VIPRE Enterprise, Expands Line to Include New Premium Edition
SAN FRANCISCO, March 2 /PRNewswire/ — RSA Conference — Sunbelt Software, a leading provider of Windows security software, today announced it has significantly expanded its VIPRE® Enterprise product line by offering an all-new, highly-scalable management console, a new client agent and a new optional premium edition that includes advanced firewall protection. The new releases offer comprehensive endpoint protection for small, medium, and large enterprises and are part of a significant technology platform upgrade to all the company's endpoint security products. (See related announcement "Sunbelt Software Announces Major Upgrades to its VIPRE and CounterSpy Product Lines").
"As the choice of over 13,000 enterprises, our VIPRE Enterprise product line has built its reputation on providing administrators an easy-to-use, powerful endpoint protection system, without unnecessary bloat and difficult agent management," said Alex Eckelberry, CEO of Sunbelt Software. "The new VIPRE Enterprise 4.0 product line continues on this history, providing administrators with robust and easy-to-use endpoint protection that can scale to support large and complex environments."
VIPRE Enterprise 4.0
The completely redesigned VIPRE Enterprise 4.0 management console delivers extensive new functionality to support large enterprises and managed service providers (MSPs) that include:
Multi-site management and role-based access control: VIPRE Enterprise 4.0 architecture delivers a highly scalable and flexible multi-site tiering model. This new functionality provides system administrators and managed service providers the ability to manage medium and large-scale infrastructures with multiple offices and locations. Multiple sites can be controlled from one central console by tiering through granular role-based access control or multi-site configuration.
In addition, the VIPRE Enterprise 4.0 agent includes extensive under-the-hood improvements. Notable enhancements are improved support for removable drives; enhanced support for 64-bit environments, including a 64-bit boot cleaner and 64-bit rootkit scanner; support for Mozilla Firefox Scan Extensions, and other overall quality improvements to improve efficiency and performance.
Combined with the new VIPRE client agent, enterprises with complex environments now have all the performance benefits of VIPRE.
VIPRE Enterprise Premium 4.0
The new optional Premium edition combines VIPRE's antivirus and antispyware protection, and adds desktop firewall, malicious website filtering, IDS (Intrusion Detection System), HIPS (Host Intrusion Prevention) and many other powerful features into a single agent. In designing the Premium edition, Sunbelt's engineers focused on a product tightly focused on malware protection, instead of loaded with features that administrators often prefer to purchase separately or are already built in to the operating system. Core features include:
Two-way firewall: Based on the company's Sunbelt Personal Firewall(TM) technology, the new fully integrated bi-directional desktop firewall supports 32 and 64-bit environments and protects users from any unwanted incoming and outgoing traffic.
Web filtering: Since most threats are web-borne, the web filtering module provides vital protection against a wide range of web-based attacks with options that include:
- Malicious URL Filtering: Leveraging Sunbelt's industry-leading ThreatTrack(TM) database of malicious URLs, Malicious URL Filtering provides a significant additional layer of protection against the rapidly evolving online threat environment. Updated by Sunbelt's malware research labs, ThreatTrack is used by numerous leading security organizations.
- Ad blocking: Blocks many third-party advertisements from ever appearing while surfing.
- Anti-phishing: Blocks access to known phishing websites by email or through the web browser.
- Script blocking: Blocks Javascript, VBScript and ActiveX controls.
- Cookie settings: Filters persistent cookies, session cookies, foreign cookies and referral information from an originating website.
IDS (Intrusion Detection System): The desktop IDS functionality of VIPRE provides an additional layer of protection against a wide range of both inbound and outbound malicious internet traffic (such as an attempted exploit). Uniquely, administrators can choose from a wide array of built-in IDS rules, or create new rules based on the industry-standard SNORT® language.
HIPS (Host Intrusion Prevention): The HIPS functionality protects against an attack vector known as code injection, where an application attempts to "ride-along" with the credentials of another application to exploit a system.
Pricing and availability
Both versions of VIPRE Enterprise are currently available and priced aggressively for all corporate environments. They include one year of support, updates, and product upgrades.
Customers of the existing VIPRE Enterprise 3.1 on an existing maintenance plan will receive the new VIPRE Enterprise 4.0 at no charge. An upgrade to VIPRE Enterprise Premium is available for a nominal fee.
New customers can purchase VIPRE Enterprise Premium on a per machine basis. Pricing includes the first year maintenance and starts at $28.36 per seat for 100 workstations with a sliding scale volume discount based on number of machines. A 50% competitive upgrade program is also in effect. VIPRE is compatible with both 32 and 64 bit version of Windows 2000, XP, Server 2003, Vista, Server 2008, Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7. 30-day evaluations of both versions of VIPRE Enterprise are available on Sunbelt Software's website at www.sunbeltsoftware.com.
About Sunbelt Software
Headquartered in Tampa Bay (Clearwater), Fla., Sunbelt Software was founded in 1994 and is a leading provider of Windows security software including enterprise antivirus, antispyware, email security, and malware analysis tools. Leading products include the VIPRE® and CounterSpy® product lines, Sunbelt Exchange Archiver(TM), CWSandbox(TM), and ThreatTrack(TM).
For more information about Sunbelt Software, please visit the company's website at http://www.sunbeltsoftware.com. To learn more about current activities, products, and ideas at Sunbelt Software, please visit Sunbelt's corporate blog at http://www.sunbeltblog.com. To view this release online, go to http://www.sunbeltsoftware.com/Press/Releases/?id=335.
Contact: Brian Alberti of Davies Murphy Group, +1-781-418-2403, firstname.lastname@example.com
SOURCE Sunbelt Software


text:
Philippines to continue UN help despite abductions
More News from Associated Press
MANILA, Philippines — Philippine military officials say their country remains committed to deploying troops in UN peacekeeping hotspots despite the brief hostage-taking of 21 Filipino soldiers, who were welcomed back to freedom in Jordan with a traditional military feast.
The unarmed Filipino peacekeepers were abducted on Wednesday in southern Syria near the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights by one of the rebel groups fighting Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime. After negotiations, they were freed on Saturday on Jordan's border and taken to a hotel in Amman.
Philippine military spokesman Col. Arnulfo Burgos says the government's pledge to help in UN peacekeeping missions "is a global commitment" but added security will be improved for the troops' safety.
A Filipino army major was also briefly held in the Golan Heights last January by anti-Assad rebels.
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text:
Advance Church
50 - 100 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By Subsplash Consulting
The Advance App features powerful content from Advance Church in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Advance Church has a passion to mobilize lives altered by Jesus through a network of churches in Las Vegas and the southwestern United States. At Advance Church, we are committed to three things: Connecting people to Jesus and others, developing them into their full potential in Christ, and mobilizing them into their world.
To help believers strengthen their faith, this app provides access to life-changing audio and video sermons, insightful blog entries and relevant information about Advance Church. Additionally, you can also share content with your friends via Twitter, Facebook, and email.
For more information on Advance Church, please visit: http://advancechurch.cc/
The Advance Church app was created with The Church App by Subsplash.
App: © 2012 The Church App, Content: © 2012 Advance Church. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Jesus, God, Bible, Christ, Subsplash, Church App, Church, advance, vegas, nevada, las vegas
Tags: advance church.
✔ Redesigned user interface for the "More" screen
✔ Misc. bug fixes
2.0 - 2.6
✔ Optimized for the latest versions of Android and phone sizes
✔ New design for main navigation that includes swiping between tabs
✔ New video and audio experience that's clean and elegant
✔ Audio controls in lock screen and notification drawer
✔ Audio and video content can be shared from more places within the app than ever, to all of your social networks
✔ Performance improvements
✔ Bug fixes
- There aren't any comments yet, be the first to comment!


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Biopharma Giants Posting more Positions; Alexion...
More than 20,000 microRNA-Focused Publications Were...
Growth Spurts, Bumper Crops, Successive Harvests...
Upstream's Relatively Continuous Flows Raise Hopes...
Stanford University granted Vermillion exclusive rights to the biomarker panel related to peripheral artery disease (PAD). Stanford and Vermillion have already completed a 540-patient clinical study evaluating the ability of the biomarker panel to classify individuals into high and low risk groups for PAD.
Based on these results, the company plans to further develop the panel for risk assessment. Vermillion will commercialize a blood test utilizing the multimarker panel to stratify an individual's danger for developing the disease.
Do you think regulatory agencies should be required to provide stronger evidence of the clinical effectiveness of cancer drugs, including a greater emphasis on patient survival time?
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A 51-year-old bicyclist was killed in a collision with a Bakersfield police officer in the 200 block of H Street Friday afternoon.
Samuel Dohn Boyd, of Bakersfield, died at Kern Medical Center about an hour after the 12:46 p.m. crash, a coroner's office news release said.
Bakersfield police reported that Officer Peter Beagley and Boyd were both traveling north on H Street when Boyd turned left into the officer's path. Beagley was unable to stop and collided with the bike.
The collision is being investigated by the BPD's traffic division, and an administrative investigation is also underway, police reported. Beagley, a six-year veteran of the department, has returned to duty.
Ryan Cunningham, an employee at Iger Studio, located near the site of the collision, said that section of H Street is a tight squeeze for cyclists when cars are parked along the curb.
"I ride my bike to work but I stay on side streets as much as possible," Cunningham said. "On this street it seems like drivers get as close to you as they can."
Cynthia Villaleando, a hairdresser at nearby Modéle salon, said there have been six accidents on that section of H Street in the four years she's worked there. She said the street is too narrow for bicycles.
"Cars go through here way too fast," she said.
Jonathan Moo, a Safe Routes to School coordinator for the cycling advocacy group Bike Bakersfield, said every street in the city should be safe for cyclists.
"If everyone, cyclists and motorists, followed the rules of the road, we wouldn't have these fatalities," he said.
Unfortunately, cyclists are the ones who are usually hurt or killed in collisions with motor vehicles, Moo said, so it's critical that drivers in Bakersfield make a commitment to share the road.
"I'm a driver, too," Moo said. "And I know it doesn't take more than five seconds of your time to give a cyclist five feet on your right."
Yielding to a cyclist -- especially one trying to move left for a turn -- might add a few seconds to your commute, Moo said, but it's the right thing and the safe thing, to do.
Anyone with information regarding the collision is asked to call the Bakersfield Police Department at 327-7111.


text:
Celebrating the Romance of Life...One Book at a Time
My most recent release is the third book in The Colorado Fosters series, Reid's Runaway Bride. The story centers on Reid Foster and his absolute, soul-deep certainty that Daisy Lennox is the only woman for him. The fact that Daisy ran away from their first wedding doesn't stop Reid from planning a second wedding within days of Daisy's return to Steamboat Springs.
Of course, this is news to Daisy!
Content Copyright 2015. Tracy Madison. All Rights Reserved.
Tracy Madison
We're already a month into 2015, and I'm hard at work writing the first book in a new spin-off series for Harlequin Special Edition, also set in Steamboat Springs, CO. I'm also raring up for my next release, the final book in the Colorado Fosters series, DYLAN'S DADDY DILEMMA, which will be out in June, so mark your calendars!
For those of you who live somewhere sunny and warm, I am so envious! Here in Ohio, we're mostly trying to remember what the sun looks like, since Ohio winters are fairly...gray.
I hope your 2015 has started off with a bang!
Happy Reading!
RT BookReviews - 4.5 Stars and a TOP PICK!
"Madison's second-chance romance is a pulse-pounding page-turner. Her intuitive hero and wary heroine are fantastically convincing as they discover they are equally at fault for their problems, and the little nieces and canine co-stars are adorable."
The second book in the Colorado Fosters series, Haley's Mountain Man, is the story of a woman who follows her heart and knows exactly what she wants, and a man whose past doesn't allow him to trust in anyone, let alone a feisty, stubborn woman like Haley Foster! When Haley decides that Gavin is the man for her, she'll do whatever it takes to prove her love.
Gavin is about to get swept away!
RT BookReviews - 4 Stars!
"Madison's pure-hearted and sweet romance will draw strong emotional responses. The love scenes are refreshingly subtle yet very sensual in this age of explicitness, and the narrative balances intensity with laugh-out-loud humor."
The first book in the Colorado Fosters series, Cole's Christmas Wish, is a friends-to-lovers romance. Cole Foster and Rachel Merriday have always been friends, but this Christmas, Cole intends to change the status quo. He's ready for a chance at forever with Rachel, and he'll go to any lengths necessary. And he has the perfect plan to convince Rachel!
Or does he?
RT BookReviews - 4.5 Stars!
"Set in the wintry wonderland of Colorado, Madison's Holiday romance shines. Her couple will keep readers in stitches and tug on the heartstrings as they stumble to happiness."
Cover Art Copyright @ 2012-2015 by Harlequin Enterprises Limited | Permission to reproduce text granted by Harlequin Books SA. Cover art used by arrangement with Harlequin Enterprises


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Elsie Leatherbarrow (From The Bolton News)
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Book an announcement for publication online and in the next edition of the The Bolton News
Elsie Leatherbarrow
Published in the The Bolton News on 2 August 12
ELSIE LEATHERBARROW (nee Matthias) On July 30, 2012 peacefully in her sleep, Elsie in her 89th year. Loving wife of the late Wilf, much loved mother of Bob, Donna and Janice, mother in law to Lindsay and Chris. A dear grandma to Paul, Thomas, Emma and Robert and great grandma to Dean. A dear sister to the late Eric, Frank, Margaret, Fred and Jean, also a loving aunt, cousin and friend to many. At Peace Funeral service will take place at St Helen's Road Methodist Church on August 6, 2012 at 12:45 pm, followed by committal at Overdale Crematorium, East Chapel at 1:45 pm. Please feel free to wear bright clothing. Family flowers only by request, donations in lieu if desired may be sent payable to Alzheimer's Society or St Helen's Road Methodist Church. All enquiries and cheque donations to Shaw and Son Funeral Directors, The Old Parsonage, 20 Park Street, Bolton BL1 4BD Tel: 01204 526218
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New World Flavors - Mexico
Mexican cuisine is about more than tortillas! Mexico has hundreds of distinctive foods and spices that are rarely enjoyed in the United States. Explore the lesser known gourmet food of Mexico and discover another world.
New World Flavors - Mexico
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Let us help you with all your decorating needs. No project is too big or too small.
Spring is the time to refresh, relax and enjoy simple things — like tea. A cup of fine loose-leaf tea celebrates the subtle fragrances of leaves and blossoms, and can gently get you going in the morning, boost the spirits late afternoon and calm you at bedtime. This Easter, give loved ones personalized Easter baskets brimming with teatime treats for a delightful springtime experience.
To make these personalized Easter baskets, you'll need the following supplies: a utility knife, self-healing cutting board, heavyweight cardstock, glue stick and dry transfer letters. You'll need these tools to create the new, personalized tea labels for your tea gift baskets that spell out the word "tea."
To fill the basket, you'll need: a linen napkin or towel, a honey dripper, a jar of artisan honey, unbleached tea filters, fine loose-leaf tea, and a cup and saucer. You can easily arrange these sweet samplings in the Pussy Willow Basket lined with Lichen Vase Filler, both from Pottery Barn, for the perfect tea gift basket.
Lay the foundation for these personalized Easter baskets by lining the Pussy Willow Baskets with Lichen Vase Filler. Drape a charming bunny-themed napkin over the edge of the basket.
Add height to your arrangement by placing a tall honey jar at the back. Set the cup and saucer in front of the basket. Rest the tags facing outwards so that the letters are visible.
Attach the honey dripper to the handle of the basket, securing it in place with a twist of wire. A colorful grosgrain ribbon bow can help you add a finishing touch to the honey dripper gift topper. Trim the ends of the ribbon for a clean edge.
These tea gift baskets are also an excellent gift for Mother's Day.


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Giving motivation to the scouts about Nature Conservation in...
Giving motivation to the scouts about Nature Conservation in Camping ground of Junior High School 1 Cidahu, Kuningan West Java Indonesia TranslateRead more
Posted 30th Sep 2014
Giving motivation to the scouts about Nature Conservation in Camping ground of Junior High School 1 Cidahu, Kuningan West Java Indonesia TranslateRead more
Posted 30th Sep 2014
One thousand and one hundred twenty two Scouts has joined the Messengers of peace Flashmob in CamRead more
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Telling the world that we are peace maker! Some children from Elementary School 3 Cieurih spread the peace through their smile TranslateRead more
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For me, Peace is a gift of God to live in harmony in the midst of diversity. TranslateRead more
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Spreading Messengers of Peace on Jamboree in Cidahu Sub district, Kuningan West Java Indonesia. The Jamboree's motto is Spirit of Unity. TranslateRead more
Posted 1st Sep 2014
Opening Ceremony on Jamboree in Cidahu Sub District Kuningan West Java Indonesia by Reading Volunteer Scouts TranslateRead more
Posted 21st Aug 2014
Childhood is the most happy, full of jokes and laughter, one day we revisited to share the happinRead more
Posted 10th Aug 2014
Alhamdulilah Project Book Box sebagai mini librarynya Pramuka Buku Hidup yang sudah direncanakan TranslateRead more
thanks Kak Atta for your support Translate
Posted 10th Aug 2014
The 5th Roadshow Messengers of Peace at Majalengka Regency West Java Indonesia TranslateRead more
nice Translate
Posted 27th Jul 2014
Happy Eid Mubarak to all scouts in the world from Indonesia. May God bless us forever Aminn. TranslateRead more
Posted 6th Jul 2014
(Y) Translate
Posted 6th Jul 2014
promoting scout.org to the Scouts of Junior high school 3 Luragung west Java - Indonesia by registering online TranslateRead more
Bringing a peace back to life session 2 (Students of Padamulya Elementary School) TranslateRead more
promoting Messengers of peace to the Scout of Majalengka west java by using Alele Yel TranslateRead more
MoP Video is one of the methods to spread and promote Messengers of peace. ( The Scouts in Salopa Tasikmalaya West Java who've joined this activity ) TranslateRead more
Posted 7th Jun 2014
Congratulation Kak Chintya Marquez ( Global Project Manager WOSM ) The Media Pramuka Magazine in Kuningan Regency, West Java Indonesia has published your own profile in this June edition. Check it out!!! TranslateRead more
Posted 7th Jun 2014
The goal of this Project is to spread out the peace to young people, especially to the students oRead more


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Property Details
1 or 2 Homes ~ 10 Bedrooms + 5 Convertible Sofa Beds, 5.5 Baths, Sleeps Up to 26
Paradise Estate - Unique Benefits:
Central location with easy access! Choose one or two homes: Sleeps up to 26. Standard occupancy: 20. Monthly: $12,950-$18,750
Great Location and setting for Corporate Retreats, Business Seminars, Film Productions, Conventioneers, Family Reunions or Sports Teams. Safe secure setting, spacious tropical grounds for gatherings with lots of parking. RV's, trailers, horses, all welcome. (50 Person Meeting Room, with digital projector and screen available...)
Quick access to all of the Strip! Only a 5 minute drive! 3 miles to Mandalay Bay and less than 1 mile to the Orleans. 12 minutes to the airport, within 12 minutes to the Las Vegas Convention Center.
The Grand Room/Meeting Room is ideal for business seminars, corporate meetings or reunions. We welcome Business Meetings or Retreats! Digital projector and screen available...
Main House Amenities:
Six bedroom home: Vaulted Ceilings, Spacious 35'x25' Grand Dining Room/Conference Room, Gas Fireplace, and Texas Holdem Poker Table. Full Size Pool Table/Ping-Pong, plus High Speed Wireless Internet throughout. 60'' Big Flat Screen in the family room -- plus TV's in all of the bedrooms.
Master Suite 1st Floor: 2 Person Walk-in Granite Shower. Master bedroom opens to an Extra Large Private Terrace.
Master Suite 2nd Floor: Spacious room with an extra-large private balcony with mountain views. Shared bath.
4 Bedroom Home: full kitchen, huge flat screen in entertainment room, plus a sitting room and putting green. Two full baths.
Custom swimming pool, 8 Person Outdoor Jetted Hot Tub and Extra Large BBQ. Spacious Kitchen with Granite counter-tops & Island sink & pass through peninsula.
Beautiful Tropical Lush Landscaping surround these homes. Lots of shade!
Rates are subject to change until booked. Negotiable: Seasonal rates may differ from listed rates.
A portion of rentals is donated to Shriners Hospital for Children.
Recent Review
Great for any outing
About the Owner
Paradise Estate close to strip, great views of the Strip and Mountains. Family owned private estate. Plenty of parking for corporate events, sports teams, NFR, retreats, reunions.
Lots of space and handicapped accessible. Putting green, custom pool, 6 person hot tub, pool table, poker table, grand room for meetings/gatherings.
Guestbook comments from the owner
Jul 14, 2010
Great family reunion place
Date of Stay July 8, 2010
Helpful votes:4/5.
We just spent our family reunion at this estate. We traveled from California and the remaining family flew in from Atlanta. Charlie was on the spot and treated my family very well. This beautiful property accommodated all of our family comfortably. We felt like we were all at home. We cooled off in the pool from the Vegas heat. Some of the family enjoyed playing pool or ping pong, some played cards, while other family members just sat around catching up. We will use this home again when we travel in the area again. Thanks Charlie for a wonderful vacation.
Recommended for: Age 55+, Girls Getaway, Families with Teenagers, Families with Young Children, People with Disabilities, Romantic Getaway
12 Reviews
4.5 based on 12 traveler reviews
Great for any outing
Perfect for a good time!
Family Reunion
Worst rental ever
I don't know if my review will stay on this post or will be removed.
When renting this so call "ESTATE" i was sure that it was the best.
On our arrival the air conditionning was not working. And during the week we had to call the owner Charlie 2 times for repair. It took at least 12 hours the have hot water.
We had to clean all the dishes in the cabinets. Every glasses, plates, forks etc were so dirthy. After 2 hours of cleaning we selected items to use during our 6 days. The outside of the cabinets were so bad....
At least we have a pool !!! but for 26 poeples we need more then 3 long chairs. Oups 2 of them are broken so one left.
The regular chairs for the pool 3 of them that are ok. For the rest metal folding chairs. No place for 26 for the barbecue at all.
The owner Charlie bought 6 long chairs for us.
The water of the pool was really not good. The cleaning guy for the pool was ther almost every day. We even made our own test for chlorine. The result no chlorine.... At the end of our stay the water was ok.
The inside of the houses.House with 6 bedroom.
Well this house has 6 rooms but 5 of them are ok. The rooms on the second floor are very nice and clean. The only bathroom on the second floor was very clean. We had to change the pillow in each rooms because they were yellow and dirthy. We even bought sheets for our beds.
First floor.
There is 1 room near the garage that is not really a room. It looks like a lundry room were a bed was added.
The two other rooms on the first floor are ok. All pillows and sheets were changed.
The lundry room is in the garage. Lot of items in this garage. It's a mess. The spare pillow, towells, sheets are in this area and it small really bad. So before using anything wash it.
The second house.
4 rooms, 3 of them are ok. The room in the back of the house is like a bed in the porch. Lot's of light and no privacy. The windows on the side of the door are not covered with curtains.
This house does'nt have any chairs outside. No washer and dryer. No plates, glasses, for 8 poeples.
The outside of the Houses are very nice. Large parking. On the side of the house with the pool it looks like a dump. Old pieces of metal, bench press, use air cond etc...
After 5 days we where glad to leave this place. Charlie the owner gave us a refund for the cleaning that we where suppose to pay.
Mark the men in charge of this estate for Charlie told us this is not a hote
couldn't have asked for a better place to staycouldn't have asked for a better place to stay
Accommodating & FriendlyAccommodating & Friendly
From the Owner
"Great Location to get around town and anywhere on the strip. 3-5 Minutes to the Mandalay Bay or Orleans. 12 Minutes to Airport and 1 mile from the 215 for easy travel to sites around town. 10 plus Bedrooms & 5 1/2 bath. Sleeps up to 26... (Standard occupancy: 20) Ideal for family reunions, corporate events, small weddings & sports teams."
Activity and Interests
Convenient to Las Vegas Convention Center, Mandalay Bay 3 miles, Airport 5 miles, Caesars Palace & Forum Shops: 10 minutes. Huge Bowling Alley in Orleans and tons of Movie Theaters within minutes. Red Rock Canyon: Rock Climbing, Nature Park with wild life & picnic area - 15 minutes. to Mt. Charleston Skiing/Snowboarding, Lake Mead water sports and fishing,
Rental rates
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
June Special
Jun 2 2015 - Jun 10 2015
3 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
4 night minimum stay
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (USD) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.
Additional information about rental rates
We accept: Paypal / Credit Card / Check / Bank Wire
Additional fee's:
Cleaning: $400 and up
Pet Deposit: $150 and up
Fully refundable security deposit: $500 and up
Homes rented separately or both together. Large house only: $600-$900/night ~ Both homes: $770-$1250/night
Monthly $12,950-$18,750
Rates are subject to change until booked. Negotiable: Seasonal rates may differ from listed rates.
A portion of booked rates are donated to Shriners Hospital for Children.
Discount requests must be made at time of inquiry
Working with a specific budget?
Ask about extended stay rates!
- 12
- Available
- 12
- Unavailable
- 12
- Today
From the Owner
"Central Location, Custom Pool, Putting Green, 50 Person Meeting Hall, Corporate Retreats (Meeting Room Available), Large BBQ, private 6 person hot tub, Cabanas, Pool/Ping Pong Table, large yard and plenty of shade with secure parking."
Property Type
- estate
- Away From It All
- Family
- Sports & Activities
- Tourist Attractions
- Air Conditioning
- Clothes Dryer
- Hair Dryer
- Heating
- Internet
- Iron & Board
- Linens Provided
- Living Room
- Parking
- Parking Off Street ...
- Parking for RV/Boat/Trailer ...
- Towels Provided
- Washing Machine ...
- Wireless Internet
- Catering Available ...
- Coffee Maker
- Cooking Utensils ...
- Dishes & Utensils
- Dishwasher
- Kitchen ...
- Microwave
- Oven
- Pantry Items ...
- Refrigerator
- Stove
- Toaster
- Child's Highchair
- Dining ...
- Dining Area
- CD Player
- DVD Player
- Music Library
- Ping Pong Table
- Pool Table
- Satellite / Cable
- Stereo
- Television
Pool / Spa
- Hot Tub ...
- Private Pool
- jetted tub ...
- Events Allowed
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- Minimum Age Limit for Renters ...
- children welcome
- non smoking only ...
- pets considered ...
- wheelchair accessible ...
Location Type
- Mountain View
- Rural
- churches
- cinemas
- health/beauty spa
- library
- live theater
- museums
- playground
- recreation center
- restaurants
- theme parks
- water parks
- winery tours
Leisure Activities
- antiquing
- boating
- gambling casinos
- horseback riding
- horseshoes
- luaus
- miniature golf
- outlet shopping
- scenic drives
- shopping
- sight seeing
- walking
- wildlife viewing
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/bank
- fitness center
- groceries
- hospital
- massage therapist
- medical services
Sports & Adventure Activities
- basketball court
- cycling
- equestrian events
- fishing
- freshwater fishing
- golf
- hiking
- hot air ballooning
- hunting
- ice skating
- jet skiing
- mountain biking
- mountain climbing
- mountaineering
- paragliding
- racquetball
- rock climbing
- roller blading
- sailing
- skiing
- snowboarding
- spelunking
- swimming
- tennis
- water skiing
- wind-surfing
Floor Area
- 7200 sq. ft.
- 5 Bathrooms,
- 1 Half Bath
- Bathroom 1 - toilet, shower, jetted tub, Two story home - Master bath - Walk in two person shower
- Bathroom 4 - - toilet, 1/2 Bath - Ground floor - 2 story home
- Bathroom 3 - toilet, combination tub/shower, In two story home
- Bathroom 2 - toilet, combination tub/shower, Dual sinks with private water closet and bath/shower
- Bathroom 6 - in single story home - toilet, combination tub/shower, jetted tub, Master bath in one story home - dual sinks
- Bathroom 5 - in single story home - toilet, combination tub/shower, tub, Full bath
- 5 1/2 baths
- 10 Bedrooms, Sleeps 26
- Bedroom 8 - 1 king, 1 baby crib
- Convertible bed(s) - 4 sleep sofa /futon, Four additional queen sofa sleepers in distinct areas within
- Bedroom 7 - 1 queen
- Bedroom 9 - 1 queen
- Bedroom 2 - 1 king
- Bedroom 3 - 1 king
- Bedroom 4 - 1 king
- Bedroom 5 - 1 queen
- Bedroom 6 - 1 queen
- Bedroom 10 - 1 king
- Bedroom 1 - 1 king, 1 baby crib
- 10 Bedrooms plus 1 large room with two queen fold outs and two more fold outs. One in distinct area, the other in a private area.
- Balcony ...
- Deck / Patio ...
- Gazebo
- Golf ...
- Lanai / Gazebo
- Lawn / Garden
- Outdoor Grill ...
- Guests provide their own meals
Learn more about this vacation rental at the owner's website
- Great for small celebrations such as birthdays & holidays! Large Patio and Tiki Huts for gatherings and family reunions. Business meetings or retreats, welcome! Digital projector and screen available... 50 person meeting room available for your special occasion. Onsite management. Portion of proceeds go to Shriner's Hospitals for Children.