text:
DMV to Internet-less New Yorkers: Get in Line
By Jared Chausow
By Katie Toth
By Elizabeth Flock
City Hid Facts From Feds About Rikers
By Albert Samaha
Flood Wall Street Gets Pepper Sprayed and Arrested
By Anna Merlan
By Jon Campbell
Report Sheds Light on Anti-Muslim Bias
By Jon Campbell
Rikers Island Lawsuits Over Diabetic Care
By Albert Samaha
Sagittarius: Nov. 22 - Dec. 21
A shock to the wiring system or a shock of recognition? Either way when aggressive Mars in your career midheaven opposes disruptive Uranus at home, an unexpected event might shake the foundation of your house or uproot the family tree. Astrologically speaking, it's earthquake weather. While the sun's supportive trine to regenerative Pluto in your sign should protect you, it wouldn't hurt to take some precautions, to stock up on batteries, water and cash. Since Venus will challenge your Jupiter ruler on the 22nd, make that plenty of cash.
Capricorn: Dec. 22 - Jan. 20
Mercury represents representatives (and sales personnel), so while the little guy hops from pillar to post, engaging Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune in his negotiations, you should assess the information he imparts very carefully. Jupiter, even in suspicious Scorpio, is still an optimist; your Saturn ruler, even in stage-struck Leo, is the perennial realist, if not an outright pessimist; and Neptune is Mr. Make-Believe personified. Wait to see how the Saturn-Neptune opposition, exact as the month ends, is shaping up.
Aquarius: Jan. 21 - Feb. 18
With three planets plus the sun in Leo, your cosmic complement, it seems far-fetched to assume that you'll have anything to say about anything that involves anyone but you. Not so. Because idealistic, imaginative Neptune is in Aquarius, you could have a significant influence in what Leos, Virgos, Geminis, Capricorns, Libras and Tauruses create in the coming weeks. Since highly structured Saturn is approaching a rare opposition to nebulous Neptune, chances are you'll undergo a major change shortly after August ends.
Since chaos is a condition Pisces handle better than the rest of us, you could easily circumvent the worst of it and instead, rise from the ashes of whatever negative, destructive force is out there. While the creative Leo sun in your house of work and health favors Pluto in your career midheaven, a Fish may come out smelling like a rose. Keep this in mind when nasty or horny (depending on your take) Mars in your house of allies and enemies challenges altruistic Uranus in your sign, a once-every-two-year event.
Sponsor Content


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Dean Foods said it would reduce its work force by 2% to cope with the continuous increase in dairy prices. "It is a tough decision, but it is a necessary action to improve our competitive position," Dean Foods Chief Executive Gregg Engles said.
View Full Article in:Forbes · Houston Chronicle (tiered subscription model)
Published in Brief:

subset: commoncrawl


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It Can Be Rather Rewarding To Finish A Property Advancement Task
April 13, 2014
Taking up a house enhancement task is hard job, but it can be very beneficial to both you and your family. You have to learn as far as possible about home remodeling well before getting started with a task. Make use of the tips in the article under to ensure your home advancement venture goes easily.
Keep an eye out for bargains on carpeting installment provided by nationwide stores. They in many cases supply rug installing at a reduced charge to motivate the purchase of their carpeting. This is the best time to possess that new carpet set at your residence because the labour and installation fees usually go over the particular expense of the merchandise.
When your strategies for your house entail considerable makeovers or remodeling, it is usually wise to hire an designer or professional designer brand. You are able to function directly together with the specialist to actually obtain the appear you would like. A seasoned designer brand or designer can produce a redecorating program that includes all of the suitable creating requirements for your area as well.
Select timber floors for your home when you can manage it. Though they could have the look of true wood, and may in fact be easier to tend to and clean, they are certainly not able to be refinished. 10 to 20 years later on, your self or a new operator must replace the surface rather than just having it refinished.
Unless you have got a authorized agreement, your professional should never begin work. Have your lawyer review it if needed. Information, like warranties, conclusion times, what job will probably be carried out and all fees concerned ought to be effectively outlined and mutually decided upon inside the commitment.
You can utilize spackle plus some painting to load little pockets in walls. Spackle is readily offered at your neighborhood home remodeling or home improvement store. A bit spackle goes quite a distance when performing these projects. In case the opening is absolutely little, then you could use one thing no more than a bobby pin to utilize spackle to it. As soon as it dries out, use one thing rigid to easy it across the golf hole. Add a layer of painting. This will make it hence the pockets will disappear instantly!
It is easy to freshen the appearance of kitchen appliances without spending much money. Meanwhile, steel is very popular, why get rid of your reliable freezer since the color doesn't match your flavor? You can purchase reasonably priced equipment painting and apply them any colour your heart needs. This can easily affect the sense of your home in a maximum of each day.
Whenever you work with a renovator, make sure you are on a single webpage by producing and agreeing to your contract. This may reduce the more costs you will probably have to manage. Should you don't use a commitment in hand, you may turn out an incredibly dissatisfied client with hardly any recourse.
It can be helpful to work with home improvements. If you have plans to battle a new task, make absolutely certain to coach oneself initial to help you obtain the venture done correctly the very first time. If you stick to the suggestions you go through, you will find a great commencing to your residence improvement experience.


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ROCKINGHAM — Two men are facing charges related to the manufacturing and selling of marijuana in separate cases, according to Richmond County sheriff's deputies.
Deputies say Samuel Russell Smith, 44, of Rockingham, was manufacturing marijuana behind his Sandhills Road home. The sheriff's office didn't say whether he was allegedly growing marijuana plants or otherwise preparing or packaging the drug.
Smith was arrested Aug. 20 and charged with one felony count of manufacturing marijuana. He was released on a $5,000 unsecured bond.
On the same day he was arrested, a warrant was issued for another man, Kevin Anthony Freeman, 27, of Aslington Street in Rockingham.
Warrants show Freeman sold 5.7 grams of marijuana to a confidential informant from July 29-Aug. 20.
He was arrested Tuesday and charged with felony counts of selling or delivering marijuana, possession with intent to sell or deliver marijuana and maintaining a dwelling for a controlled substance.
Freeman was released on a $7,500 unsecured bond.
N.C. Department of Public Safety records show Smith has been convicted on felony charges of selling a Schedule IV controlled substance and both misdemeanor and felony counts of larceny.
Freeman has misdemeanor convictions of possession of drug paraphernalia and maintaining a place for a controlled substance.
—William R. Toler


text: Sutton-Alpine CDP in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Community Details Incorporation Type CDP Area Type Community Current Population 1,403 Population Comment 2014 Department of Labor Estimate Other Names Sutton Borough/Census Area FIPS Code 170 Place FIPS 74525 Economy Subsistence Yes Residents Age 16 and Over 790 Residents Employed in 2013 428 Residents Employed (%) 54 Employed in all 4 Quarters (%) 64 Employed in Private Sector (%) 74 Employed in Local Gov. (%) 16 Employed in State Gov. (%) 10 Resident Wages in 2013 ($) 15,168,282 New Hires 152 Unemployment Insurance Claimants 106 Local Labor Market Info URL http://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/alari/index.cfm?r=1&b=16&p=312&goplace=go Economy - Fisheries Participation and Earnings CDQ Participant No CQE Eligible No Count of Seafood Processors 0 All Fisheries, Permit Holders 4 All Fisheries, Permits Issued 5 All Fisheries, Permit Holders that Fished 2 All Fisheries, Est. Earnings ($) 0 All Fisheries, Total (Lbs.) 0 All Fisheries, Note Community has permit holders in this fishery but data is suppressed; three or fewer permit holders participated in one or more of the fisheries. Crab, Permit Holders 0 Crab, Permits Issued 0 Crab, Permit holders that fished 0 Crab, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Crab, Total (Lbs.) 0 Halibut, Permit Holders 0 Halibut, Permits Issued 0 Halibut, Permit holders that fished 0 Halibut, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Halibut, Total (Lbs.) 0 Herring, Permit Holders 0 Herring, Permits Issued 0 Herring, Permit holders that fished 0 Herring, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Herring, Total (Lbs.) 0 Other Groundfish, Permit Holders 0 Other Groundfish, Permits Issued 0 Other Groundfish, Permit holders that fished 0 Other Groundfish, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Other Groundfish, Total (Lbs.) 0 Other Shellfish, Permit Holders 0 Other Shellfish, Permits Issued 0 Other Shellfish, Permit holders that fished 0 Other Shellfish, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Other Shellfish, Total (Lbs.) 0 Black Cod, Permit Holders 0 Black Cod, Permits Issued 0 Black Cod, Permit holders that fished 0 Black Cod, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Black Cod, Total (Lbs.) 0 Salmon, Permit Holders 4 Salmon, Permits Issued 5 Salmon, Permit holders that fished 2 Salmon, Est. Earnings ($) 0 Salmon, Total (Lbs.) 0 Salmon, Note Community has permit holders in this fishery but data is suppressed; three or fewer permit holders participated in one or more of the fisheries. Economy - Fuel Prices Election, Recording, and Judicial Districts Senate District E Senator Mike Dunleavy (R) House District 9 Representative Jim Colver (R) Judicial District 3 Recording District Palmer Facilities and Amenities Broadband Internet Available Yes Broadband Cell Phone Services Yes Cell Phone Service Available Yes Max Upload Speed Available 3 Mbps to 6 Mbps Max Download Speed Available 10 Mbps to 25 Mbps Geography and Climate Location Sutton-Alpine is between miles 52 and 72 of the Glenn Highway, 11 miles northeast of Palmer in the Mat-Su Borough. The area is accessed by Chickaloon Way and Jonesville Road. Community Map Available No Latitude 61.7966 Longitude -148.8453 Sq Mi Land 0.00 Sq Mi Water 0.00 Climate Sutton-Alpine falls within the transitional climate zone, characterized by a semi-arid atmosphere, long, cold winters, and mild summers. Max. Daily Precipitation (Inches) 0.0 Total Precipitation (Inches) 0.0 Max. Measured Snow Depth (Inches) 0 Total Snowfall (Inches) 0 Max. Daily Temperature (°F) 0 Min. Daily Temperature (°F) 0 History and Culture History Ahtna and Dena'ina Athabascan Indians have occupied this territory for centuries. During the Russian fur trading era, Ahtna transported pelts from the Dena'ina along the Matanuska River to Copper Fort in the east. Sutton was founded around 1918 as a station on the Matanuska branch of the Alaska Railroad for coal export purposes. The railroad went through Sutton to the Chickaloon Mine. The Sutton Coal Washery operated from 1920 to 1922. Sutton was the base camp for construction of the Glenn Highway from 1941 to 1945. The post office was established in 1948. Coal from the privately-owned Evan Jones, Jonesville, and Eska mines fueled the Sutton and Palmer economies until 1968, when the military bases in Anchorage converted their power systems to oil, and coal mining ceased. During the 1980s, several large tracts of land were subdivided, fueling growth. Culture Middle and high school students are bused to Palmer. Federally Recognized Tribe No Municipal Powers Regions Borough/Census Area Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District DCRA Alaska Region Southcentral Region Climate Region Transitional Taxes Property Tax (Mills) 10.18 Property Tax Note Borough Tax Other Taxes 8% Bed Tax (Borough); 110 mills/Cigarette Tobacco Tax (Borough); 55% WholesaleTobacco Tax (Borough) Transportation Transportation Sutton is connected to the Glenn Highway. There is a public gravel airstrip at the Jonesville Mine, owned by the Canadian Mine & Smeltering Company. Additional public transportation facilities are available in nearby Palmer. Harbor/Dock No State Ferry No Cargo Barge No Road Connection Yes Coastal No Housing - 2010 Census Total Housing Units 0 Total Occupied Housing Units 0 Occupied Housing Units (%) 0.0 Owner Occupied Units (%) 0.0 Renter Occupied Units (%) 0.0 Total Vacant Housing Units 0 Vacant Housing Units (%) 0.0 Vacant Due to Seasonal Use (%) 0.0 Income - 2009-2013 ACS 5-Year Estimates Per Capita Income 0 Per Capita Income - Margin of Error +/-3,689 Median Household Income 0 Median Household Income - Margin of Error +/-15,901 Median Family Income 0 Median Family Income - Margin of Error +/-15,382 Poverty - 2009-2013 ACS 5-Year Estimates Population for whom poverty status is determined 0 Total Population - Margin of Error +/-143 Persons below poverty level (%) 0.00 Persons below poverty level (%) - Margin of Error +/-10.6 All Individuals below 125 percent of poverty level 0 Persons below 125% of poverty level - Margin of Error +/-74


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The Lay Trustee and Treasurer of Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar, Varghese Mammen, has presented the annual budget of the Church for 2012-'13 with a total income worth Rs 78,67,81,935.21 and expenditure worth Rs 46,10,36,935.21 on the second day of the three-day meet of the Mar Thoma Prathinidhi Mandalam, parliament of the Church, held at Dr Alexander Mar Thoma Hall in Thiruvalla on Friday.
Dr Joseph Mar Thoma, Metropolitan of the Church, presided the meet.
Mr Mammen said Rs 75 lakhs has been set apart for constructing a new Pulatheen complex at the S.C. Seminary compound itself.
He said a budget allocation worth Rs 1 crore has been made for renovation of Dr Alexander Mar Thoma auditorium in Thiruvalla and Rs 10 lakhs for starting a professional college.
Mathews Mar Makarios Episcopa, was the chief celebrant of the holy eucharist held at the St Thomas Mar Thoma Church at the SC Seminary premises, earlier, in the morning.
Manava Seva Award
The Metropolitan has presented this year's Manava Seva Award of the Church to Dr O.U. George, social worker, and the Karshaka Award instituted by the Church to C.P. Thapikutty on Friday.
The three-day meet will come to close on Saturday.
Keywords: Kerala, Mar Thoma Church, Budget


text: trueAdd to CompareCompare selectedLatitude 15 3000 Series Count on a dependable, affordable business laptop featuring 4th Gen Intel® Core™ processors,Windows 7 Professional and a 15.6" display."15.6"|weight from 5.1lbs"Starting Price£733 Offer Price £513Ex. VAT & ShippingDelivery methods and timing may vary, click for more information.Now Accepting PayPal. Estimated Ship Date:28 May 2015View DetailsAdd to CompareCompare selectedInspiron 15 7000 Series Beveled edges, a backlit keyboard and state-of-the-art multimedia make this a smart choice for those who desire advanced laptop technology. 14.9"|weight from 5.6lbs"View Details


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Skip to Section Subnavigation Skip to Page Content
About Baylor Mega Nav
Talented teachers, high academic standards, and the development of leadership skills in a coed environment are hallmarks of a Baylor education.
Baylor's mission is to foster in students both the ability and desire to make a positive difference in the world.
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You will find all of the information about applying to Baylor here, including the ISEE entrance exam, admission events, and deadlines.
Your family may qualify for loans or financial aid to help pay for a Baylor education. Learn more about the application process here.
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Our students benefit from small classes led by talented teachers and a huge array of opportunities that are not available elsewhere.
When students arrive on campus each day, they're welcomed by some of the leading minds in independent education.
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A bustling residential community and a requirement that all students participate in activities after school help create a vibrant 24/7 community.
Our boarding students enjoy a sense of community that begins with an exceptional team of dorm parents.
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Baylor fields 74 teams in 17 different sports and our teams have won more state championships than any other school in Tennessee.
Baylor students train and compete in state-of-the-art facilities that rival those of most college campuses.
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The BNews is emailed to all parents each Friday and the Parent Resource Center has lots of helpful links and information.
Baylor parents make important contributions to the school community! Learn more about volunteer committees and opportunities.
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There are many ways you can share news about your job, marriage or family addition -- and even more ways that you can get involved!
Learn more about alumni gatherings throughout the year, plus fun activities for the entire family during Alumni Weekend Oct. 4-6.
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2000 (Girls)
2001 (Girls)
2002 (Girls)
2003 (Girls)
2004 (Girls)
2005 (Girls)
2006 (Girls)
2006 (Boys)
2006 (Girls HS**)
2006 (Boys HS**)
2005 2006
2007 200820092010
2012 (Girls)
2013 (Girls)2014 (Girls)
* Sixteen consecutive state titles by a school in any sport is a TSSAA record
** Fencing championships are all open fencing tournaments except where noted. The High School designated championship was offered for the first time in 2006.
# Crew, Lacrosse, Swimming and Fencing are not TSSAA sports
Division II Championships in bold
Fencing (Girls) Golf (Boys)Golf (Girls)Soccer (Girls)SoftballSwimming (Boys)
Fencing (Boys, Open)
Fencing (Boys, HS**)
Fencing (Girls, Open)
Fencing (Girls, HS**)Baseball
Golf (Boys) Golf (Girls)
Swimming (Boys) Swimming (Comb.) Wrestling (Traditional)
Lacrosse (Boys)Track (Girls)
Wrestling (Traditional)
Swimming (Girls)
Swimming (Combined)
Cross Country (Girls)Golf (Girls)Soccer (Girls)Fencing
Swimming (Girls)
Swimming (Boys)
Swimming (Combined)Track (Girls)Wrestling (Duals)
Wrestling (Traditional)Softball
Tennis (Girls)
Soccer (Girls)
Tennis (Girls)
Soccer (Boys)
Swimming (Girls)
Swimming (Combined)Golf (Boys)
Golf (Girls)Cross Country (Girls)Fencing
Division II Championships in bold


text:
Did you know that IDEA, the International Health & Fitness organization released a statistic that found 75% of people who exercise are not getting the results they want?
But out of the 25% of people who are getting results, 90% of them are working with a Personal Trainer!
Personal Training
1 hour session/1x per week: $70 per session
1 hour session/2 x per week: $50 per session
1 hour session/ 3x per week: $45 per session
Buddy Training
Two is always more fun than one! Train with a friend for less .
2 - 4 clients:
Two one hour sessions (2x per week) $40.00 per session/per client
In-Home Training
Train in the convenience of your home or office.
$75 (1 hour weekly session)
$55 (per session - 2x per week)
$50 (per session - 3x per week)
30 Minute Personal Training
Too busy...Too expensive...Too much time. ZAP! I am eliminating some of the excuses that keep you from hiring a trainer! I am sure that you have heard of all of the amazing benefits that come from working with a personal trainer. If not, here are just a few: Motivation, accountability, personalized workouts tailored to your specific goals, safety and results.
Pick a package that suits your budget and how fast you want to see results:
Five 30 minute sessions: $15.00 per session
Four 30 minute sessions: $20.00 per session
Three or Two 30 minute sessions: $25.00 per session
Learn 2 Run Class


text:
Fall/Winter 2012
Fall/Winter edition of the Juniata Magazine
8 Juniata Campus News Cultivating Connections: Students Sow Seeds of Service A handful of Amish and Mennonite farmers may find themselves with some extra help this year at harvest and planting time thanks to a new Juniata service project overseen by Americorps and the College's Campus Ministry office. Heather Wetzel '15, of Harrisburg, Pa., communeswithacalfononeoftheMennonitefarmsvisitedaspartofaserviceprojectcalledPlantingSeeds. Seganos and Sonia Yoder, whose parents own the farm, clean up some excess leaves as part of the Planting Seeds mission to give Juniata students a chance to interact with farming families of Amish and Mennonite faith. "A lot of Juniata students in our community are very interested in sustainable agriculture, organic farming and healthy eating, so it seemed that a service project based on the local farm community was a natural idea," says Lauren Seganos '11, an Americorps employee and interfaith service coordinator for the Office of Diversity and Inclusion and Campus Ministry Office. "The project also is an opportunity to learn about religious communities (the students) haven't been exposed to." The project, called "Planting Seeds," visited three local farms in November to pick apples, clean up yards and barns and do other chores in the "Big Valley" area between Reedsville and Allensville. The office will reap the benefits of harvesting crops, gleaning produce in the fall and will repeat the cycle this spring, according to Grace Fala, special assistant to the president for diversity and inclusion. The Juniata project was hatched as a result of President Barack Obama's Interfaith and Community Service Challenge. Created by the White House Office of Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships, the program challenges colleges and universities across the country to create service programs that "have the ability to build social capital, strengthen social cohesion and address social problems." "More than 150 colleges and universities are creating programs in response to the idea and this is just Juniata's version of it," explains Seganos. "We have almost a dozen students interested in participating and we have started recruiting among the College's religiously oriented student clubs." After each farm session, Seganos teaches a "reflective session" that asks the Juniata students to discuss their philosophical views on service and faith. "It's a way to learn more about other religions, reflect on your own religious beliefs and build respect and common ground." Wetzel and Lauren Seganos '11, interfaith service coordinator for the Campus Ministry office, load up a crate of apples at another farming operation. Photos (left): Grace Fala; (right) Courtesy Ben Souders '14


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Pronunciation: γαλατόπιτα
Added on: 2013-05-05 Listened: 24 timesin: food, pies, milk, gastronomy
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Air Products and Chemicals secured an agreement with Petronas to supply a liquefied natural gas heat exchanger unit for the petroleum company's facility in , Malaysia's Sarawak state. The unit will increase the plant's LNG output by 3.6 million tons annually.
View Full Article in:Morning Call (Allentown, Pa.), The
Published in Brief:


text:
From a Waratahs Academy discard to pivotal Wallabies World Cup member, in two short seasons Pat McCabe has cemented himself as one of Australian rugby's brightest young stars.
The University of Canberra Brumbies have named their team to face the Sharks this Saturday at Canberra Stadium.
After a great start to the Super Rugby season, the University of Canberra Brumbies will be looking to take full control at the top of the table with a win over the South African tourists.
The University of Canberra Brumbies are not getting ahead of themselves despite having a positive start to the 2012 campaign.
Two tries to a flying Joe Tomane have handed the University of Canberra Brumbies a 33-26 win over the competition-leading Highlanders at Canberra Stadium, Saturday night.
University of Canberra Brumbies Player Career Development Officer, Sue Crawford, has been responsible for getting countless players ready for life after rugby.
The University of Canberra Brumbies have named their team to face the Highlanders at Canberra Stadium on Saturday night.
The Brumbies have ventured to their stomping ground at the University of Canberra for Harmony Day, jumping on the barbecue and spreading some love to the students they represent.
When Christian Lealiifano arrived in Canberra back in 2007, he found himself in a fight with the rest of Australia's fly-half stocks to claim a spot in the Brumbies Academy.
A try in the final minute has handed the Chiefs a win on home soil against a courageous University of Canberra Brumbies team on Friday night.


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I've just reached lvl 20 and have been a W/E since i started.
But took up W/Mo now.
So here is a couple of questions.
First, places to farm for better equipment, and how to get there.
Heard something about a place called FoW.
Second, builds.
Is W/Mo the best build to farm alone with ?
If not, what is ?
And could someone try to help me a little with a W/Mo build for farming for examble FoW ?
I'm using Axe atm.
Could be persuaded to change, but not very much for it :)
Best regards Danny


text:
Musicians rally to stop mountaintop removal
Dave Matthews, Emmylou Harris, Patty Griffin and others join concert to save mountains.
Fri, Feb 26, 2010 at 02:01 PM
Photo: ZUMA Press
To help raise cash for their campaign against mountaintop removal, the Natural Resources Defense Council is organizing a benefit concert featuring a large cast of supporting musicians.
Called "Music Saves Mountains", the one-night event on May 19 will rock out with performances by Emmylou Harris, Dave Matthews, Patty Griffin, Buddy Miller, Patty Loveless, Kathy Mattea and special guests. The concert will take place at Nashville's historic Ryman Auditorium.
"The Appalachian Mountains are where country music was born," said Frances Beinecke, president of NRDC. "NRDC is proud to be banding together with musical artists to raise national awareness of mountaintop removal and mobilize millions of Americans to end the most ecologically and culturally destructive strip mining on Earth."
Earlier this month, Kathy Mattea led a rally in Frankfort, Ky., to celebrate "I Love Mountains Day" and to help raise awareness of the destruction caused by mountaintop removal for coal.
"Since learning about mountaintop removal, I've had a deep ache in the pit of my stomach, a deep yearning for these mountains I know so well and love so much," said Mattea. "Everyone is scared," she said. "If my house has turned from a quiet sanctuary into a living nightmare, I am in deep anguish. On the other hand, if I have a decent job, and suddenly I'm going to be without a way to provide for my family, I am in deep anguish."
Tickets for the event are $45, $75, $95 and $300 and will be available Friday, March 5 by phone, the Ryman box office, musicsavesmountains.org and ryman.com. NRDC also has a VIP ticket package including premium seating, back stage VIP cocktail party, artist meet and greet, limited-edition concert poster and gift bag.


text:
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text:
Living Small is the New Living Large
The toughest competition I've ever had to deal with was The Joneses. I had never met them, but I always knew that they had the newer car, bigger house, and even their dog could do more tricks than my dog. No matter what I did, they were always getting ahead of me.
During a recession, it's necessary, if not fashionable, to be frugal. Eventually, the boom will be back, and those Joneses will be flaunting their new found wealth at your doorstep again. Often, I get questions about how I managed to get out of $40,000 in debt after the first dot com bust. The getting out of debt part had not much to do with the bust, but more to do with the bubble.
This is how I dealt with the temptation to spend at the height of the bubble.
1) I hung out at the mall for fun.
I know that sounds crazy counter-intuitive, but I went straight to the lion's den. I walked, walked and walked, and bought virtually nothing. Sure, the temptation was crazy strong, but after a while, I got used to it and a sort of numbness came over the desire to buy. Even now, more than 5 years later, the mall seems filled with overpriced things I don't really need.
2) Used is a beautiful four-letter word.
I do have a weakness for cars — those beautiful, shiny, fun beasts of consumerism. Solution: I became good friends with Craigslist. There are remarkable treasures to be found in the For Sale By Owner Used car market. But then again, there are plenty of overpriced and oversized and overly loaded cars there as well. In 2004, I swallowed my own objections and purchased a sedan with 80,000 miles for $8,000. It was outdated, had scratch marks on the bumper and in a color we never imagined owning. But it was safe, reliable and actually quite comfortable. I was always a "new car" guy, but that used car showed me the virtues of buying less than I "needed". I haven't bought a new car since — or paid more than $15,000 for a car (while the average new car now costs $28,400). We still buy used whenever we can and sell our stuff on the used market whenever we can.
3) I ignored raises.
Sure, I got them, but I didn't let it change my life. In other words, I didn't grow into my salary. Of all of the things that I did, this little tactic was absolutely the most powerful force. When I was making $35,000 a year, I used to be able to save (or pay down the debt) to the tune of about $2,500 a year. I felt fortunate enough to be able to do that. It meant not buying the new car or that new gadget, while everyone else seemed to do so. But when my income grew to $40,000, that meant I almost tripled the amount of money I saved. In other words, I could get out of debt in 1/3 the time (or grow my savings 3 times faster). As I paid off my debts, we felt our spending power increase even though we were not actually spending any more money — purely because we had less credit card or car payments to make.
The alternative is pretty typical of the pains associated with the boom and bust. As people's income grows, we end up spending it. That means we establish new spending patterns and establish a "new normal". When the hard times come, we must cut back, resulting in painful changes to behavior and lifestyle.
To this day, my wife and I firmly believe in Living Small. Living Small (capital L, capital S) means not just spending less than you earn, but resisting the urge to spend more just as your income grows. Instead, find a sustainable spending level and stick with it. This is what allowed us to handle sizable drops in our income.
I know during a recession, it seems like you'll never be able to save money, but when the day comes when you can start to do so, remember how to Live Small. It'll help you to Live Large later.
Posted on March 5, 2010, in Personal. Bookmark the permalink. 2 Comments.
I seem to remember we had a conversation long ago about how we were still living paycheck to paycheck despite raises… Though I guess if you're counting paying off debt faster as part of your living expenses it makes sense.
It also reminds me of something that I learned in Bible study back in the day: when you're blessed with excess, increase your standard of giving, not your standard of living. That's something I've kind of forgotten since the recession started…
BTW, I might be stopping by Seattle in May.
Wait a minute… I'm not the Joneses, am I? I believe my car is still newer (and faster) than yours even though it's a whopping 6 years old now. :P
It IS darn good to finally be free of those car and piggyback HELOC payments though.


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Certain Flame Retardants May Be Banned From Children's Products
OLYMPIA, Wash. (AP) — A Washington state Senate committee has heard stestimony on a bill to ban a...
Pink Slips Going Out at Hanford Nuclear Site
YAKIMA, Wash. (AP) — Cleanup work is likely to be slowed at the nation's most contaminated ...
< Calorie Count Won't Come To Menus Soon
Mar 12, 2013 07:04
Category: General News
Category: General News
Five Americans Die In Afghanistan Helicopter Crash
KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — Officials say all five American service members died when their helicopter crashed near Kandahar city. The crash remains under investigation but the NATO military coalition says "initial reports" showed no enemy activity. The deaths made yesterday the deadliest for U.S. forces so far this year. Two American soldiers were gunned down in an insider attack.


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3 Ways Governments Can Involve the Private Sector in Climate Change Adaptationby and -
This is the fourth installment of WRI's blog series, Adaptation and the Private Sector. Each post explores ways to engage the private sector in helping vulnerable communities adapt to the impacts of climate change. See past posts.


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Endostatin (ES) inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. It also shows antiangiogenesis and antitumor activities in several animal models. Endostatin specifically targets tumor vasculature to block tumor growth. Lidamycin (LDM), which consists of an active enediyne chromophore (AE) and a non-covalently bound apo-protein (LDP), is a member of chromoprotein family of antitumor antibiotics with extremely potent cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Therefore, we reasoned that endostatin-lidamycin (ES-LDM) fusion proteins upon energizing with enediyne chromophore may obtain the combined capability targeting tumor vasculature and tumor cell by respective ES and LDM moiety.
In this study, we designed and obtained two new endostatin-based fusion proteins, endostatin-LDP (ES-LDP) and LDP-endostatin (LDP-ES). In vitro, the antiangiogenic effect of fusion proteins was determined by the wound healing assay and tube formation assay and the cytotoxicity of their enediyne-energized analogs was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Tissue microarray was used to analyze the binding affinity of LDP, ES or ES-LDP with specimens of human lung tissue and lung tumor. The in vivo efficacy of the fusion proteins was evaluated with human lung carcinoma PG-BE1 xenograft and the experimental metastasis model of 4T1-luc breast cancer.
ES-LDP and LDP-ES disrupted the formation of endothelial tube structures and inhibited endothelial cell migration. Evidently, ES-LDP accumulated in the tumor and suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. ES-LDP and ES show higher binding capability than LDP to lung carcinoma; in addition, ES-LDP and ES share similar binding capability. Furthermore, the enediyne-energized fusion protein ES-LDP-AE demonstrated significant efficacy against lung carcinoma xenograft in athymic mice.
The ES-based fusion protein therapy provides some fundamental information for further drug development. Targeting both tumor vasculature and tumor cells by endostatin-based fusion proteins and their enediyne-energized analogs probably provides a promising modality in cancer therapy.
Keywords:Endostatin; Lidamycin; Fusion protein; Antiangiogenesis
Antiangiogenesis is a promising approach to cancer therapy. As known, several antiangiogenic agents are currently under investigation in clinical trials. In contrast to those conventional therapies that kill tumor cells directly, angiogenesis inhibitors suppress tumor growth by blocking the formation of new blood vessels, which provide oxygen and nutrients for tumor growth. Endostatin (ES), a 20-kDa fragment cleaved from the collagen XVIII COOH terminus that inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration, is a well-known angiogenesis inhibitor, which shows antiangiogenesis and antitumor activities in several animal models. ES inhibits 65 different tumor types and modifies 12% of the human genome to down-regulate pathological angiogenesis [1]. However, the mechanism and function of ES is still insufficient understanding. For anti-angiogenic activity, ES appears to be dependent on binding to E-selectin [2]. Also, ES blocks activity of metalloproteinases 2, 9, and 13 [3]. ES may down-regulate VEGF expression in tumor cells [4]. IGF-II-mediated signaling and T-type Ca2+ channels also involve the function of ES [5,6].
Shi et al. identified that cell surface nucleolin on angiogenic blood vessels is a functional receptor for ES, and mediates the internalization and biological activities of ES [7,8]. Mechanism studies by Huang et al. show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and extracellular matrix (ECM) synergistically induce the translocation of nucleolin from nucleus to cell surface [9-11]. Previous studies show that ES specifically binds to neovascular endothelial cells through its interaction with the integrin receptors α5β1 and αVβ3, which has been implicated in tumor metastasis [12,13]. A more recent study shows that nucleolin and integrin α5β1 can form a co-receptor for ES via UPAR on the endothelial cell membrane [14]. ES labeled with a near-IR probe is shown to selectively accumulate in the tumor site [15]. All these studies suggest that ES has a unique ability for targeted cancer therapy.
However, like many angiogenesis inhibitors, ES single administration didn't achieve significant effects. The clinical development ended in the U.S. in 2003 due to limited efficacy and problems with protein formulation and application [16]. Several studies reported the improved selectivity and efficacy of chimeric molecules comprised of toxins or other cytotoxic agents with targeting agents on tumor vasculature, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-gelonin; Shiga-like toxin-vascular endothelial growth factor fusion protein and anti-TES-23 linked to neocarzinostatin [17-19]. So the combination of the targeted and cytotoxic effects by engineering two independent molecules sounds to be a promising way for drug design.
Lidamycin (LDM), also called C-1027, is a member of chromoprotein family of antitumor antibiotics. The LDM molecule consists of an enediyne chromophore (AE) and a non-covalently bound apo-protein (LDP). It was shown that the AE exerts extremely potent cytotoxicity to cultured cancer cells, whereas the apo-protein LDP keeps the labile enediyne relatively stable. The non-covalently bound AE and LDP can be dissociated and re-associated. The activity of rebuilt molecule remains as potent as that of natural LDM. LDP, which is composed of 110 amino acid residues, showed specific binding capability to various human tumor tissues and displayed moderate cytotoxicity to Bel-7402 cells [20,21]. This specific binding capability and cytotoxicity of LDP implied its potential use as a targeting drug carrier in the design of new anticancer agents.
In order to combine the anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic functions of ES and LDM and to target both tumor endothelial cells and tumor cells, we designed two novel ES-based fusion proteins, ES-LDP and LDP-ES and their enediyne-energized analogs, and then detected their antitumor efficacies. Here we show that ES-LDP fusion proteins should possess targeting property of ES or LDP and moderate cytotoxicity effect of LDP in addition to antiangiogenesis activity of ES and the extremely potent cytotoxicity of the enediyne chromophore of LDM when they were assembled.
Cells and cell culture
HMEC cell line was maintained in endothelial-specific medium EBM-2 (Lonza, USA). The human lung carcinoma PG-BE1 was routinely grown in RPMI-1640 (HyClone,Beijing, China) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. The mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 cells expressing the firefly luciferase gene (4T1-luc) were preserved in our laboratory. For stable expression, the cells were exposed to 500 μg/mL G418 (Gibco, USA). D-luciferin was purchased from Xenogen (Alameda, CA).
Construction of the expression vectors
Two fusion proteins named LDP-ES and ES-LDP were designed with an eight-amino acid-long linker (−GGGSGGSG-) between LDP and ES. Each ES-based fusion protein gene consists of the gene encoding LDP (110 amino acids; ref. 21), ES (184 amino acids; ref. 27), and the linker peptide. After two rounds of PCR and DNA cloning process, the resultant 909-bp fragment was digested by NdeI/XhoI and was inserted into pET30a expression vector to generate the expression plasmid. DNA sequencing analysis (Invitrogen Corp.) was used to verify that the gene was correct in sequence and had been cloned in the frame.
Wound healing assay
Cell migration was assessed in a wound-healing assay. HMEC or 4T1 Cells at 5x105 cells per well were cultured in 24-wells plate provided by the CytoSelect™ 24-Well Wound Healing Assay Kit and allowed to proliferate to form a confluent monolayer. The linear spacer inserted in the well was removed, which created a regular and defined "wound" within the cell monolayer. Wash wells with media to remove dead cells and debris. Wells were treated with different concentrations of ES, ES-LDP or LDP-ES and further cultured until the control wound was fully closed at 37°C. Cells were fixed and images were captured immediately at 40X magnification from light microscopy and cells that migrated to the scraped area were counted using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Each experiment was performed twice, with triplicate samples.
Tube formation assay
Formation of capillary tube like structures by HMEC was assessed in Matrigel-based assay. Briefly, a 96-well plate coated with 60 μl of Matrigel per well was allowed to solidify at 37°C for 1 h. Cells (1.5 × 104 in 100 μl medium) were added on each well and 100 μl of medium containing different concentrations of ES, ES-LDP or LDP-ES were added and incubated for different periods of time. Each treatment was performed in triplicate. The enclosed networks of tubes were photographed under microscope. The total tube lengths and numbers of the tube structure of each photograph were measured using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.
Immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray
Multiple arrays of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tumors and normal lung tissue were obtained from U.S. Biomax, Inc. (Xi'an, China). The microarray of product number BC041115a contains 110 lung tumors and unmatched normal lung tissue (10 cases/type). The normal controls were derived from the same organ but not from the same patient. The array dot diameter was 0.6 mm. All immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded sections as previously described [21]. For Cetuximab controls, the tissue sections were stained in the same manner except that the detection antibody was replaced with poly-HRP-anti-human IgG against Cetuximab. The positive percentage of each protein could be calculated according to the staining intensity by reference to the Herceptest™ interpretation manual.
Additionally, we analyzed the cases by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software, using the method introduced by Xavier et al. [22,23]. Briefly, the measurement parameters included density mean, area sum, and integrated optical density (IOD). The optical density was calibrated and the area of interest was set through: hue, 0 ~ 30; saturation, 0 ~ 255; intensity, 0 ~ 255, then the image was converted to gray scale image, and the values were counted. The time required to perform the analysis process can be greatly reduced by using macro of pathology. To avoid artificial effect, cells in areas with necrosis, poor morphology, or in the margins of sections were not taken into account. The IOD were log transformed and mainly performed statistical analysis.
Preparation of enediyne-energized ES-LDP and LDP-ES
The active enediyne chromophore (AE) of LDM was separated by using C4 column (GE Healthcare) with a 22% acetonitrile in 0.05% trifluoroactic acid mobile phase. The AE-containing solution was added to ES-LDP/PBS (10 mmol/L; pH7.4) or LDP-ES/PBS, respectively, with the molecular ratio of 4:1, and was incubated at 4°C for12 h while rocking. Free AE was removed by using a Sephadex G-75 column (GE Healthcare). Assembled enediyne-energized fusion proteins named LDP-ES-AE and ES-LDP-AE were confirmed by reverse-phase HPLC using a Vydac C4 300A column (Grace). Absorbance at 340 nm was measured.
Cell cytotoxicity assay by cell counting kit-8
Cells were seeded at 1 × 104 per well in 96-well plates and incubated in 37°C for 24 h and then exposed to different concentrations of LDM or energized fusion proteins (ES-LDP-AE, LDP-ES-AE) for 48 h. On the day of measuring the growth rate of cells, 100 μL of spent medium was replaced with an equal volume of fresh medium containing 10% CCK-8 (WST-8, Dojindo Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan). Cells were incubated at 37°C for 1 h, and cell number was assessed by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm on a microplate reader (Thermo). Three independent experiments were carried out. The IC50 represented the drug concentration resulting in 50% growth inhibition.
Tumor models
The syngeneic murine 4T1-luc breast cancer model and human lung carcinoma PG-BE1 xenograft model have been used. The BALB/c female mice and female athymic nude mice (BALB/c, nu/nu) were purchased from the Institute for Experimental Animals, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. The study protocols were in accordance with the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice for non-clinical laboratory studies of drugs issued by the National Scientific and Technologic Committee of People's Republic of China. The treatment and use of animals during the study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (permission number: c1-2011-1121).
Exponentially growing human lung carcinoma PG-BE1 cells were implanted into the 16–18-week-old female athymic nude mice by the subcutaneous injection of 10 × 106 cells on the right flank. After 3 weeks, the tumors were aseptically dissected and pieces of tumor tissue (2 mm3 in size) were transplanted s.c. separately by a trocar into athymic mice. When tumors reached about 100 mm3 in size, the mice were randomized into groups (n = 6 per group) and treated with ES,LDM,ES-based fusion proteins (ES-LDP, LDP-ES) and energized fusion proteins (ES-LDP-AE, LDP-ES-AE), respectively, at different doses and time intervals. Tumor growth was measured with a caliper, and tumor volumes were calculated with the following formula: V = 0.5a × b2, where a and b are the long and the perpendicular short diameters of the tumor, respectively. Typically, studies were terminated when tumors in the control animals reached an average size of 2000 mm3. Percentage of inhibition of tumor growth was calculated as 100 × {1-[(tumor volumefinal-tumor volumeinitial for the treated group)/(tumor volumefinal-tumor volumeinitial for the vehicle-treated group)]}.
We studied the lung metastasis of tumors using an i.v. injection model. BALB/c female mice were injected with 2 × 105 murine 4T1-luc breast cancer cells in 0.2 mL PBS solution via the lateral tail vein. Three days later after tumor cell injection, mice were randomly assigned to three groups and treated with ES or ES-LDP respectively. Seven days after the first treatment, all mice were injected again at same doses. After 17 days, Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and i.p. injected with luciferase substrate D-luciferin (150 mg/kg). The animals were placed onto the warmed stage inside the camera box (IVIS-Imaging System, Xenogen) to observe tumor growth. Then, the lungs were immediately removed, weighed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for counting of pulmonary metastatic nodules. The metastatic nodules of 4T1 tumor in lung were counted by direct visualization using a stereomicroscope. The total number of metastases per lung section was counted and averaged among the animals.
In vivo fluorescence imaging
When tumors reached about 200 mm3 in size in human PG-BE1 xenograft model, three hundred micrograms of DyLight 680-labeled ES-LDP or LDP-ES were injected i.v. (n = 3). The mice were placed under anesthesia by inhalation of isoflurane and the images were observed with the Xenogen Ivis 200 system and recorded by built-in camera (Caliper Life Sciences).
Statistical analysis
All of the data were presented as the mean ± SD for at least three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (version 17.0). The significant differences between any of two groups were evaluated by One-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.
Construction, preparation and biochemical characterization of ES-LDP, LDP-ES and their enediyne-energized analogs
DNA fragments encoding LDP and ES fusion proteins were obtained by PCR and molecular cloning techniques. As shown in Figure 1A, LDP-ES and ES-LDP were designed with an eight-amino acid-long linker between LDP and ES. The DNA fragments encoding these two fusion proteins were cloned and inserted into the pET30a expression vector. SDS-PAGE (Figure 1B) and Western blotting (Figure 1C) were used to detect the expression of fusion proteins. The energized fusion proteins were prepared by integrating AE molecule of LDM into ES-LDP and LDP-ES, respectively. Data from reverse-phase HPLC showed that AE molecule was successfully integrated into fusion proteins (Figure 1D), which implies that LDP keeps its native structure in fusion proteins. The assembling efficiency of ES-LDP and LDP-ES was 83.9% and 27.1%, respectively (data not shown).
Figure 1. Construction and preparation of endostatin-lidamycin fusion proteins. Diagram of fusion proteins: LDP-ES (top) and ES-LDP (middle); Bottom, the amino acid sequence of the linker (A). (B) SDS-PAGE and (C) Western blotting detection of the expression of fusion proteins. Lane 1, molecular weight marker; Lane 2, empty vector as a control; Lane 3 and Lane 4, vector expressing LDP-ES; Lane 5 and Lane 6 vector expressing ES-LDP. Arrow indicates the bands of fusion proteins. The enediyne-energized fusion proteins determined by reverse-phase HPLC on C4 300A column at 340 nm (D).
In CCK-8 assay, LDP-ES-AE or ES-LDP-AE displayed extremely potent cytotoxicity to kinds of cancer cells and endothelial cells in proximity to that of free LDM, as shown in Table 1. The IC50 values ranged from 10-9 M to 10-10 M and all cell lines were relatively more sensitive to ES-LDP-AE than to LDP-ES-AE, which may results from the relatively lower assembling efficiency of AE in LDP-ES.
Table 1. Determined IC50 values for enediyne-energized fusion proteins in HMEC and different cancer cell lines
ES-LDP and LDP-ES inhibited HMEC and 4T1 cells migration in wound healing assay
New blood vessel formation requires that the endothelial cells migrate towards the sources of growth factor. We used the HMEC wound healing assay to observe the ability of ES-based fusion proteins in inhibiting endothelial cell migration. As shown in Figure 2A, cells were able to migrate towards the wound area in higher number when exogenous rhVEGF was added. ES or ES-based fusion proteins all demonstrated the ability of inhibiting HMEC migration at different concentrations when compared with rhVEGF control (Figure 2A). Comparison of quantified results shows that ES-based fusion proteins are more potent than ES, and ES-LDP exhibits a stronger inhibitory effect than LDP-ES (Figure 2B). These results indicate that ES-based fusion proteins have increased capability in inhibiting VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration.
Figure 2. HMEC and 4T1 migration in wound healing assay using ES or ES-based fusion proteins as inhibitors. Pictures were taken at magnification 40X in light microscopy (A and C). Quantification results of migrated cells, counted using the software Image-Pro Plus 6.0, are shown in B and D, assuming control as 100%. Inhibitors were used at indicated concentration. Results shown are average values of 6 representative fields in each of the two different experiments performed in duplicates, and error bars represent SEM. *, P ≤ 0.05, **, P ≤ 0.001, compared with ES, respectively. Cells were viewed with a microscope and pictures were taken at × 40.
Since 4T1 cells were reported to metastasize to the lung, liver, bone, and brain via the hematogenous route [24], we therefore examined effects of ES-based fusion proteins on 4T1 cell migration in vitro and observed similar phenomena with those in HMEC wound healing assay. As can be seen in Figure 2C and 2D, both low (1 μM) and high (10 μM) concentrations of fusion proteins markedly suppressed the migration of 4T1 cells. Interestingly, it appears that 4T1 cells are more sensitive than HMECs to ES and ES-based fusion protein treatments, and that all the proteins tested inhibited cell migration in a dose dependent manner (Figure 2).
ES-LDP and LDP-ES disrupted endothelial tubule formation
An endothelial tubule formation assay was used to further confirm the antiangiogenic activity of the fusion proteins. In this experiment, the use of Matrigel permits the growth and differentiation of endothelial cells into tubal structures that are reminiscent of blood vessels. Prominent tubal structures were observed in control cells (Figure 3A). ES or ES-based fusion proteins inhibited tube formation of HMEC in a concentration-dependent manner. At the low concentration (1 μM; Figure 3A, left column) ES or ES-based fusion proteins began to disrupt the formation of the tubes, as indicated by the arrows. At the high concentration (10 μM; Figure 3A, right column), ES or ES-based fusion proteins eliminated the tubal structures. As shown in Figure 3B and 3C, ES or ES-based fusion proteins reduced the number of closed capillary tubes as well as their length.
Figure 3. ES, ES-LDP or LDP-ES inhibited in vitro tubule formation. (A) ES or ES-based fusion proteins inhibited tubule formation of HMEC on Matrigel. Low (1 μM) and high (10 μM) concentrations were used. Bar, 200 μm. (B) Mean capillary tube number and (C) mean tube length was decreased by ES and ES-based fusion proteins after 12-h incubation. Three arbitral optical images were taken for each of the two independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation from six independent images, n = 6. *, P ≤ 0.05, **, P ≤ 0.001, compared with VEGF-control and #, P ≤ 0.05, compared with ES, in tube length and tube number, respectively. Cells were viewed with a microscope and pictures were taken at × 40.
In vivo targeting of ES-LDP and LDP-ES
Since ES was reported to specifically target tumor tissues [15], and fusion proteins are supposed to inherit distributional specificity, in vivo distribution of DyLight 680-labeled ES-LDP or LDP-ES was observed in nude mice bearing human PG-BE1 xenograft.
As expected, ES-LDP protein accumulated into the tumor area and reached the highest level within 1 h after injection and then gradually cleared from the tumor area during the following 3 hours (Figure 4, Upper). Surprisingly, DyLight 680-labeled LDP-ES showed little accumulation in PG-BE1 tumor, but a random distribution in the whole body followed by a normal clearance process (Figure 4, Lower). However, this observation is consistent with our previous result obtained with LDP [25], which indicates that fusion LDP to the N-terminus of ES does not improve the targeting of LDP.
Figure 4. Optical imaging in living animal using DyLight 680-labeled ES-LDP or LDP-ES. Color scale represents photons/s/cm2/steradian, the red dot-cycle indicated the tumor location.
Binding of ES-LDP to lung tumors and normal lung tissues
Based on the ES-LDP accumulation in human lung carcinoma PG-BE1, we tested the binding capability of LDP, ES and ES-LDP through tissue microarray of human lung tissues. The number of spots that can be interpreted was 117 from total 120 core samples (3 normal tissue cores were missed). Cetuximab was used as a control to ensure criterion of tissue microarray (Figure 5A). The representative examples of LDP, ES or ES-LDP staining were shown in Figure 5B. The positive percentage of ES and ES-LDP was higher than that of LDP (P < 0.001, χ2 test; Table 2). The difference of ES-LDP binding capability between the tumor tissue and normal tissue samples was significant (P < 0.05, χ2 test; Table 2). Additionally, the IOD value of Image Pro-Plus analysis was representative parameter to assess the immunohistochemistry quantification, and increased sensitivity in scoring and provided a more reliable and reproducible analysis of protein expression and binding capability. We compared the differences of IOD, respectively. The differences of IOD were significant between LDP and ES, as well as between LDP and ES-LDP (P < 0.0001). However, the difference between ES and ES-LDP was not significant (P > 0.05, Table 2).
Figure 5. Lung tissue microarray. (A) Representative examples of HE staining (a); no staining (b), weak staining (c) and strong staining (d) for Cetuximab; (B) Representative examples of LDP, ES or ES-LDP staining. First row: normal human lung tissues with ES positive staining. Second row: lung tumor tissues with ES and ES-LDP positive. Original magnification was 40 × .
Table 2. Summary analysis and comparison of proteins binding capability in lung tissue microarray
ES-LDP, LDP-ES and their enediyne-energized analogs inhibited tumor growth
Since ES-LDP and LDP-ES show dramatic difference in tumor targeting in vivo, we are thus curious about their antitumor efficacies. The in vivo efficacies of ES-based fusion proteins and their enediyne-energized forms were tested by two separate experiments with human lung carcinoma PG-BE1 xenograft in athymic mice.
In the first experimental setting, the mice bearing PG-BE1 xenografts were divided into four groups and were treated with ES, ES-LDP, and LDP-ES, through intraperitoneal injection every other day in a total of 7 injections, respectively. ES was given at the dose of 12 mg/kg, and ES-LDP or LDP-ES was given at a dose of 18 mg/kg to meet the equal molar concentration with ES. Control mice received equal volume of saline. Determined by external measurement of tumor volume (twice per week), tumor growth was suppressed in ES and ES-LDP groups as compared with control mice over the whole period of 26 days. As evaluated on day 23, the inhibition rates of tumor growth for ES and ES-LDP were 24.5% and 30.2%, respectively, indicating moderate antitumor efficacies against the lung carcinoma PG-BE1 xenograft. By contrast, LDP-ES appeared to be less effective. Figure 6A shows the tumor growth curve of each group. Figure 6C shows the changes in body weight after treatment with ES and the fusion proteins, in which no significant difference was observed among the groups.
Figure 6. In vivo efficacies of ES-based fusion proteins and the enediyne-energized fusion proteins on PG-BE1 xenograft models. In experiment 1 (Exp 1), nude mice bearing human lung carcinoma PG-BE1 xenografts were treated with ES, ES-LDP or LDP-ES i.p. injections at different doses (n = 6). Mean tumor volumes (A) and mean body weights of mice (C) in each group are shown. Arrows indicate the day of injection (every other day). In experiment 2 (Exp 2), nude mice bearing PG-BE1 xenografts were treated with LDM, LDP-ES-AE, or ES-LDP-AE (n = 6), i.v. injections respectively. Mean tumor volumes (B) and mean body weights of mice (D) in each group are shown. Arrows indicate the day of injection (day 9 and 15).
In a separate animal study, the antitumor activity of enediyne-energized fusion protein was investigated. PG-BE1 xenografts bearing mice were treated with LDM, ES-LDP-AE or LDP-ES-AE, respectively. LDM was given at a well-tolerated dose of 0.05 mg/kg. Because of the different enediyne assembly efficiency, ES-LDP-AE was given at the doses of 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg; whereas LDP-ES-AE was given at the doses of 0.30 and 0.60 mg/kg, respectively. Mice received intravenous injection of LDM, ES-LDP-AE or LDP-ES-AE once a week for twice, and tumor volumes were measured during the treatment. It was shown that both energized fusion proteins have remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth of PG-BE1 xenografts (Figure 6B). Mice receiving LDM at 0.05 mg/kg showed an inhibition rate of 61.1%, while ES-LDP-AE (0.15 mg/kg) and LDP-ES-AE (0.60 mg/kg) at equivalent enediyne (AE) doses suppressed the tumor growth by 78.5% and 75.8% (P < 0.01, vs LDM), respectively (Figure 6B). Furthermore, the ES-LDP-AE-treated group at 0.30 mg/kg, inhibited tumor growth by 86.4%, showing significant difference (P < 0.01, vs LDM) compared with LDM-treated group at 0.05 mg/kg tolerated dose. Body weight loss resulted from the enediyne-energized fusion proteins treatment in each group was also measured at the termination of the experiment, in which all groups except ES-LDP-AE-treated group at 0.30 mg/kg did not exceed 10% of the pretreatment weights. No deaths were found in all treated groups (Figure 6D).
ES-LDP inhibited tumor metastasis
Because ES-LDP fusion protein was found to markedly suppress the migration of 4T1 cells in vitro, the anti-metastatic effect of ES-LDP was further evaluated with the lung metastasis model of 4T1-luc tumors. ES-LDP was administered through i.v. injections. Significant differences in lung colonization were found among the ES-treated group, ES-LDP-treated group and the untreated control group (Figure 7A). In addition, ES-LDP treatment significantly reduced the number of surface metastasis (51.4%) and lung weight gain (56.7%) in tumor-bearing animals compared to the untreated animals (Figure 7B and 7C). By contrast, ES decreased the number of surface metastasis and lung weight gain only by 35.2% and 34.2%, respectively.
Figure 7. ES-LDP treatment inhibits the lung metastasis of 4T1-luc tumors. 4T1-luc cells (2 × 105) were injected intravenously into mice. Mice were given ES (36 mg/kg body weight) or ES-LDP (54 mg/kg body weight) twice, and saline served as control. At the end of the experiment, mice were injected with D-luciferin and bioluminescence imaging was done. Then, animals were killed and lungs were harvested and weighed before evaluation of the surface metastasis. (A) The profile of optical imaging from different experimental groups. ES-LDP-treated mice showed both significantly reduced surface metastasis (B) and lung weight gain (C) in comparison to the control animals. (* P < 0.05,** P < 0.01; compared to control, respectively).
ES, an angiogenesis inhibitor having been tested in multiple clinical trials, selectively targets endothelial cells in neovascularization and suppresses tumor growth. However, like other angiogenesis inhibitors, such as bevacizumab, sunitinib and sorafenib, ES could help patients to survive longer when given in combination with chemotherapy, but not when given alone [26]. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ES, several ES derivatives with different modifications have been designed, which include ES-cytosine deaminase protein, prolactin antagonist-ES, anti-HER2 IgG3-ES, ZBP-ES (Endostar), Fc-ES, and cell-permeable ES protein (HM73ES) [27-32].
The ES-cytosine deaminase protein, which converts a non-cytotoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the cytotoxic antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the local tumor area, significantly inhibited the growth of endothelial cells and preferentially induced tumor cell apoptosis [28]. The prolactin antagonist-ES fusion protein is a bifunctional protein, which inhibits both breast cancer cell proliferation and endothelial cell proliferation, exhibiting greater tumor inhibitory effects than prolactin antagonist and ES treated individually or in combination [29]. Targeting of ES using anti-HER2 antibody and human ES fusion protein could improve antitumor activity of either anti-HER2 antibody and/or ES and provides the versatile approach that could be applied to other tumor targets with alternative antibody specificities [30]. ZBP-ES, engineered by adding 9 extra amino acid residues MGGSHHHHH to the N-terminus of ES, showed increased thermodynamic stability and biological activity than the wild type ES [27], and was approved as anti-cancer drug in China. As reported, Fc-ES is a superior molecule to the original clinical ES. Due to its long half-life, the amount of protein required is substantially reduced compared with the clinically tested ES [31]. HM73ES exhibited enhanced tissue penetration and suppressed the growth of human tumor xenografts to a significantly greater extent than unmodified ES by adding a macromolecule transduction domain (MTD). Those results suggest another important mechanism to explain the enhanced activity of ZBP-ES and ES lacking the MTD sequence [32].
Recent studies indicated that LDP itself, the apoprotein of LDM, shows binding capability to a spectrum of human tissues, and notably that the binding capability correlates with the overexpression of EGFR and HER2 on the tumor tissue microarray [21]. In addition, LDP displayed moderate cytotoxicity to human hepatoma Bel-7402 cells with an IC50 value of 7.05 × 10-5 mol/l and it exerted tumor suppression on hepatoma H22 in Kunming mice [20]. The functional receptor of ES nucleolin was found to be specifically expressed on the surface of angiogenic blood vessels in tumor tissues, which endows ES low toxicity and tumor-specific distribution [7]. Therefore, in the present study, we constructed and prepared two ES-based fusion proteins ES-LDP and LDP-ES. Our results indicate that ES-LDP and LDP-ES disrupted the formation of endothelial tubule structures with the potency similar to that of ES. In addition, ES-based fusion proteins, especially ES-LDP, demonstrated much stronger inhibition of HMEC migration than ES. Furthermore, ES-LDP displayed high efficacy in PG-BE1 xenografts. This may be explained by the reason that N-terminal loop of ES around the zinc-binding site was involved in activity [33], and that the N-terminal integrity is essential for the biological functions of ES [27]. So it appears that the anti-tumor activity of ES could be enhanced by integrating with LDP and a free N-terminus of ES in the fusion protein is preferred. But its mechanism should be studied further, and there is more work to be done.
On the other hand, angiogenesis is involved in the development of distant metastasis. Thus by targeting angiogenesis, ES directly suppresses not only the growth of primary tumors but also metastasis. The present study has shown that ES-LDP or LDP-ES could markedly inhibit 4T1 cells migration in wound healing assay, with ES-LDP exhibiting a more potent activity. Therefore, we examined the effects of ES-LDP on the lung metastasis of 4T1-luc tumors. ES-LDP treatment significantly reduced the number of lung surface metastasis and lung weight gain in tumor-bearing animals. Therefore, ES-LDP could be explored as a novel therapeutic molecule in controlling metastasis of cancer.
LDM is considered as a highly potent "warhead" molecule for the construction of antibody-based tumor targeting drugs. At present, several LDM-containing energized fusion proteins have been manufactured with the two-step procedure in our laboratory, such as bispecific enediyne-energized fusion protein (Ec-LDP-Hr-AE) and tandem scFv-based enediyne-energized fusion protein (dFv-LDP-AE) [25,34]. Both of them possessed highly potent cytotoxicity to cancer cells and significant inhibitory efficacy in vivo. Ec-LDP-Hr-AE was more potent and selective in its cytotoxicity against different carcinoma cell lines in vitro and significantly inhibited the growth of SK-OV-3 xenografts in nude mouse model [34]. dFv-LDP-AE displayed extremely potent cytotoxicity to kinds of cancer cells, especially the lung cancer cell lines, and greatly increased the antitumor efficacy with lung carcinoma PG-BE1 xenograft in nude mice [25].
We adopted a strategy to energize the ES-based fusion proteins, ES-LDP and LDP-ES, with LDM enediyne chromophore to prepare ES-based and enediyne-energized fusion proteins (ES-LDP-AE and LDP-ES-AE). They all displayed potent antitumor activities against a variety of tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranged from 10-9 M to 10-10 M. Though the IC50 values had ten-fold difference, the IC50 value of ES-LDP-AE was always less than that of LDP-ES-AE. This difference may be due to the assembling efficiency of ES-LDP and LDP-ES, which was 83.9% and 27.1%, respectively. These results accord with assembling efficiency, and potential conformational change of the AE binding sites caused by the fusion. In the in vivo study, mice received tolerated dose of LDM at 0.05 mg/kg showed an inhibition rate of 61.1%. By contrast, ES-LDP-AE and LDP-ES-AE at equivalent doses suppressed the tumor growth by 78.5% and 75.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the ES-LDP-AE-treated group at higher dosage of 0.30 mg/kg showed an inhibition rate of 86.4%. No deaths were found in all treatment groups. As previously mentioned, ES has a unique ability for targeting therapy of cancer [15]. Endostar is now in clinical use for lung cancers in China, so we investigated the affinity of these ES-based fusion proteins to human lung cancers by tissue-microarray analysis. As shown, the positive percentage of ES and ES-LDP was higher than that of LDP; in addition, ES and ES-LDP share similar binding capability to lung cancer tissue, indicating that the fusion protein ES-LDP retains this capability as of the ES. It is of interest that the integration of LDP into the fusion protein ES-LDP does not compromise ES binding capability, while probably provides a targeting delivery of lidamycin.
The ES-based fusion protein therapy provides some fundamental information for further drug development. Endostatin-lidamycin (ES-LDM) fusion proteins upon energizing with enediyne chromophore obtain the combined capability targeting tumor vasculature and tumor cell by respective ES and LDM moiety. Targeting both tumor vasculature and tumor cells by endostatin-based fusion proteins and their enediyne-energized analogs probably provides a promising cancer therapy.
AE: Active enediyne chromophore; ECM: Extracellular matrix; ES: Endostatin; IOD: Integrated optical density; LDM: Lidamycin; LDP: Lidamycin apo-protein; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
WGJ carried out the cell experiments and was responsible for data analyses, manuscript preparation and editing. XAL constructed the vectors and DFZ helped to provide the fusion proteins. LL helped to prepare the enediyne-energized fusion protein. YL participated in IHC stainings from the TMAs. BYS and SHZ were involved in vivo study. YF helped with the interpretation of the results and with drafting the manuscript. YZL and YSZ designed the overall study, coordinated the study and helped to draft and finalize the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We gratefully acknowledge Protgen Ltd. (Beijing, China) for providing the purified endostatin, endostatin-LDP (ES-LDP) and LDP-endostatin (LDP-ES). This work was supported by a grant from National High Technology Research and Development 863 Program of China (No. 2012AA02A301), and in part by the General Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81171998, 81272529 and No. 81071742).
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Pronunciation: skelne
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Chili-Rubbed Drumsticks
A spicy chili rub seasons these turkey drumsticks prior to smoke cooking. Serve with your choice of bottled salsa or barbecue sauce.
- Makes:
- 6 servings
- Prep:
- 5 mins to 1 hr
- Cook:
- 2 hrs 30 mins Smoke
- Grill:
- 2 hrs 30 mins
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Chili-Rubbed Drumsticks
hickory wood chunks
tablespoon chili powder
tablespoon finely shredded lime peel
1 1/2
teaspoons ground cumin
teaspoon salt
small turkey drumsticks (8 to 12 oz. each)
Bottled salsa or barbecue sauce (optional)
- At least 1 hour before smoke cooking, soak wood chunks in enough water to cover. Drain before using.
- For rub, in a small bowl, combine chili powder, lime peel, cumin, and salt. Sprinkle mixture evenly over turkey; rub in with your fingers.
- In a smoker, arrange preheated coals, drained wood chunks, and water pan according to the manufacturers directions. Pour water into pan. Place drumsticks on the grill rack over water pan. Cover; smoke for 2-1/2 to 3 hours or until juices run clear (180 degrees F). Add additional coals and water as needed to maintain temperature and moisture. If desired, serve the turkey with salsa. Makes 6 servings.
Nutrition Facts(Chili-Rubbed Drumsticks)
- Per serving:
- 178 kcal cal.,
- 9 g fat
- (3 g sat. fat,
- 80 mg chol.,
- 269 mg sodium,
- 1 g carb.,
- 1 g fiber,
- 22 g pro.
- Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet


text:
1898-12-22 (122lbs) Alf Wright w rsc 15 (20) Mike Sears, New Olympic Club, Birmingham, England
1898-12-22 (122lbs) Alf Wright w rsc 15 (20) Mike Sears, New Olympic Club, Birmingham, England. Made at 122lbs, despite Wright (122) going down in the opener he was soon up before running into further trouble and being put down heavily in the fourth and fifth rounds. Sears (121½) seemed to have too much power for Wright, emphasizing it yet again when dropping his man with body punches in the ninth. After getting himself back into the fight, sensing that Sears was fast weakening Wright floored the American four times in the 12th but was unable to finish it there and then. It was clear for all to see that Sears had nothing left, and although he made it through the next two rounds the 15th would be his last. With his right eye closed and both hands injured Sears was almost through, the referee calling it off after Wright had decked him again. The Mirror of Life called it one of the gamest battles that had been fought for some time.
Regardless of the fact that there was no title billing as such, Wright strengthened his claim at the weight on winning.


text:
What's Wrong With Li Na?
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Say Chi Sin Lo
Join Date: Aug 2005
Posts: 8,981
Really? You're going to give a player hell for being humble and keep-it-within herself, and not going ape-***** for winning a (string) point or two?
She wasn't serving well, neither one was. I thought Li Na was playing better from the baseline. She was more aggressive.
I thought the match was on her hands the whole time, and she was dictating plays (aside from serves). Did she get tight later in the 3rd set? Yeah, probably, since she was broken to lose the match.
Yeah, she was one set away from victory, but ankles don't care if you're on your first game or last. After playing through two rolled ankle, and probably a concussion, I'd say she was worth my time and a stadium seat if I was lucky enough to watch a GS final live.
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Too cute
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This is a great toy for bigger dogs who love to chew. It is pretty durable (I should say, more durable than most) and lasted quite some time in our house. This is the perfect toy for your big chewers!
Pros: durable, tough, cute
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Well made toy
posted 6 years ago
we got this toy in purple from target. its really a well made toy and my dog loved it.
its very durable which is quite rare for stuffed toys.
Pros: durable
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Would you like to install Software Informer and receive up-to-date information about AIRBUS LMS EN and other programs?
Or proceed to the intended program's page:
Creates rich e-learning applications and courseware to be used with LMS systems
Authoware helps us to create LMS-compliant educational projects.
LMS XChange is designed for use with Lighthouse SOLAIR.
Make your Wilco feelThere Airbus come alive with this multi-crew expansion pack.


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LIMA — It was a dream to own her own salon, and she's making it come true.
Jill Bakies-Lewis will hold a ribbon cutting and open house for Beauty by Jill next week at the new salon, 226 N. Main St., just south of Alter Ego Comics.
The salon opened in late April, but will celebrate the opening with the community with a ribbon cutting at 3:30 p.m. followed by an open house from 4 to 7 p.m. June 19.
Those attending can enjoy refreshments; be eligible for door prizes for free hair color services, free haircuts and a free spa package; and see local artists' artwork.
Bakies-Lewis said customers are finding the salon, which she appreciates. She chose the downtown to locate the new business so she could be centrally located, and be a part of the downtown revitalization. A revolving loan program through Downtown Lima Inc. helped her open the business.
"We're trying to do everything locally and and partner with neighboring businesses," Bakies-Lewis said.
Bakies-Lewis has been in the hair industry for more than 10 years. She credits working for Lady Dye and Yellow Tuesday's in Lima for her knowledge and training. She also worked as a color educator for Matrix and spent time in an upscale salon in Asheville, North Carolina, before returning to Lima to open her own business.
The shop has six employees. Services include hair, massages, facials, manicures, pedicures, waxing, makeup, princess and private spa parties.
"The private parties are really taking off," Bakies-Lewis said. "We're getting a lot of response for those."
The salon is open from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Tuesdays through Thursdays, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Fridays, and 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturdays. Appointments are encouraged, but walk-ins are available. Call 567-289-4665 for details.


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Carlos Monarrez breaks down the Lions' next opponent: the
Minnesota Vikings (4-10-1).STORMING THE CASSEL
1Well, that got ugly fast. One week after he helped the Vikings pound the Philadelphia Eagles, Matt Cassel became Matt Cassel again in Sunday's 42-14 loss to the host Cincinnati Bengals. He threw three interceptions and was 13-for-27 for 114 yards with one touchdown and was completely ineffective. Cassel started his third straight game for the Vikings, who have been playing quarterback carousel all season with Cassel, Christian Ponder and Josh Freeman. The QB situation is in such ...


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SealLine HP Map Case
This new super-durable PVC-free Map Case by SealLine Adventure racers, motorcyclists and boaters alike will be stoked with this watertight map and document case. It features a hook-and-loop-secured roll-down closure providing the easiest access and a pliable yet tough urethane body is UV resistant, staying clear for the long haul. Lash tabs at corners make mounting anywhere easy and an adjustable neck strap is perfect for fast, land-based reference. Available in three sizes
FEATURES of the SealLine HP Map Case
- The super-durable PVC-free HP Map Case features a secure roll-down closure, convenient tie down tabs, and an adjustable neck strap
SPECIFICATIONS of the SealLine HP Map Case
- PVC Free
- Closure: Roll-down
- TPU and clear urethane
- Weight: 3.4 oz / 98 g
- Outside Dimension: 10 x 13.25" / 25 x 34 cm
- Inside Dimension: 9.5 x 12.25" / 24 x 31 cm
- Weight: 5.8 oz / 165 g
- Outside Dimension: 13.5 x 16" / 34 x 41 cm
- Inside Dimension: 13 x 15" / 33 x 38 cm
- Weight: 6.4 oz / 199 g
- Outside Dimension: 15 x 22" / 38 x 56 cm
- Inside Dimension: 14 x 21" / 36 x 53 cm
This product can only be shipped within the United States. Please don't hate us.
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These are the best map cases on the market period.I've used these in several adventure races in rain, snow, and insane heat and they've never let any water inside. Also, they don't fog up and get cloudy like other map cases.The L sized case is very big but the medium is best for most maps and situations.
$27.95 - $44.95


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The Blog
Abortion on the Horizon
Although it won't topple Roe v. Wade, Gonzales v. Carhart is this year's abortion case to watch.
11:00 PM, Mar 14, 2006 • By ADAM J. WHITE and DAVEED GARTENSTEIN-ROSS
Thus, the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act lays out Congress' factual findings, and concludes that "the great weight of evidence presented at the Stenberg trial and other trials challenging partial-birth abortion bans, as well as at extensive Congressional hearings, demonstrates that a partial-birth abortion is never necessary to preserve the health of a woman, poses significant health risks to a woman upon whom the procedure is performed, and is outside of the standard of medical care." The Act then lists several cases holding that the Supreme Court is required to defer to congressional findings.
IN TRYING TO DETERMINE what the Court will decide in Gonzales v. Carhart, most observers have focused on the probable votes of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito. This singular focus may be misplaced, as Justices Breyer and Kennedy--who previously weighed in on partial-birth abortion in the Stenberg case--may have a surprise or two in store.
Although Justice Breyer wrote the Stenberg opinion and is generally regarded as a liberal vote, the present case touches on a legal issue about which he has forcefully written. At the heart of the debate over whether the federal ban is unconstitutional for lack of a health exception is the question of whose fact findings should be trusted: those of the district court in Stenberg, or those of the U.S. Congress? In his 2001 dissent in Board of Trustees v. Garrett, Justice Breyer delivered a vigorous statement in support judicial deference to congressional findings of fact in a different legal context:
Justice Breyer noted that Congress is not to be bound by the same standards and presumptions applied in the courts. The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act makes the same point: Although the Supreme Court was bound by the findings of the trial court, Congress, in crafting policy, is not. Justice Breyer--who recently authored Active Liberty, a book that is in part devoted to defending judicial deference to congressional decision-making--may well agree.
While Justice Breyer may surprise in one direction, Justice Kennedy may surprise in the other. He has played a central role in the Court's abortion jurisprudence, surprising conservatives in Casey by voting to affirm the constitutional right to an abortion established in Roe v. Wade. Nonetheless, the practice of partial-birth abortion seems too much for Justice Kennedy. He voted to uphold the Nebraska law at issue in Stenberg in a dissent that vividly details what actually happens in a partial-birth abortion, and describes it as "a procedure many decent and civilized people find so abhorrent as to be among the most serious of crimes against human life."
The conventional wisdom is that Justice Kennedy will vote to uphold the federal ban, and while the conventional wisdom is probably correct, the doctrine of stare decisis (which holds that prior decisions should almost always be applied in subsequent cases) creates at least some doubt. Justice Kennedy has established himself as a strong defender of stare decisis, as his decision in Casey constitutes the most vigorous public defense of the doctrine in the past several decades: "The promise of constancy, once given, binds its maker for as long as the power to stand by the decision survives and the understanding of the issue has not changed so fundamentally as to render the commitment obsolete. . . . A willing breach of it would be nothing less than a breach of faith, and no Court that broke its faith with the people could sensibly expect credit for principle in the decision by which it did that."