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10/2/2012 (2 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
The Lord has given us devoted, powerful friends of resplendent beauty who stand ready at our side, ever-watchful angelic guardians who take a personal interest in seeing us arrive safely at our final destination. Let us remember to frequently speak with our guardian angels, converse with them as true friends, and gratefully thank them for all they have done, for we cannot as of yet know of the many times they have rescued us from some calamity. Let us ask for their assistance as we live our daily lives in the Lord.
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
10/2/2012 (2 years ago)
Published in Living Faith
Keywords: Angels, Guardian Angels, angelic, cherubim, seraphin, angelic, spiritual world, FK Bartels
GLADE PARK, CO (Catholic Online) - When we contemplate the nearly endless gifts of grace and love our God has given us, we are left awe struck. Just a short time ago, each one of us did not exist. Now we live; not simply for a time, but for ever as the result of God's free gift of an immortal soul and the promised resurrection of our bodies.
Just a short time ago, we were lost. Now we have been found; for our Lord Jesus Christ stretched out his arms upon the cruel Roman cross, allowed himself to be brutally nailed to that unyielding wood, fixed there until death, and thus laid a new horizon of salvation before us: A road of Love stretching from here into eternity.
In the Mass and the Eucharist, in our parishes and families and homes we are surrounded by God's gift of himself and his love. From the farthest reaches of the cosmos to the depths of the sea, all of material creation has been given to man. We should think that enough. It is not enough for God. In our Lord's infinite love, compassion and tenderness, he sends us each our very own guardian angel, an invisible, spiritual creature who, magnificent and powerful, carefully guides us as we travel along in the midst of what is often a dangerous world.
"The Lord will send his angel to accompany you and to guide you safely on your way." -- Memorial of the Guardian Angels, Morning Prayer antiphon.
Angels: The Good And The Bad
We have not to look long nor far to find out something about angels. The question is, is that something accurate or inaccurate? Is it true, or, on the other hand, is it downright false? Whether it be a glance into the darker recesses of the Internet or a trip to the local bookstore -- whose shelves are often laden with dozens of pounds of printed material concerning the angels -- both will yield a bewildering array of conflicting information.
This problem of discord is due to many factors, which we will not go into here. However, it is important to remember that our knowledge of the angels is not a matter of natural revelation (what can be known by human reason), but rather is a matter of supernatural revelation; that is, God himself has revealed what we know of the angels' existence, who and what they are.
So, the question arises, how do we access what God has revealed about these powerful spiritual beings, sorting out what is true from what is false? In order to do that, it is necessary to turn to the authoritative institution God willed should exist: The Catholic Church. It is through the Church that, founded by Christ and guided by the Holy Spirit, we receive the fullness of truth that is faithfully transmitted to the nations.
It is necessary to here mention that some will think it trivial to speak of the need to turn to the Church's authority concerning the angels. It is not, however. For in our contemporary society we find people who insist they have communicated with angels, and who, against the teaching of the Church, make wild claims about spiritual and eschatological realities.
For instance, it is not unusual to find people who insist that, according to the messages they received from angels, hell does not exist, as a final separation from the Love of the God who is Love. Such false claims are obviously due to an lack of awareness of the aspirations of the fallen angels, those diabolical spirits we know as demons, and their evil intent. The guardian angels, however, do not bring us messages opposed to God's revelation, for their intellect thrives on God's truth, and their will is fixed on love of that same Truth.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church tells us that Satan and the other "demons are fallen angels who have freely refused to serve God and his plan. Their choice against God is definitive. They try to associate man in their revolt against God" (CCC No. 414). St. Peter warns us: "Be sober and vigilant. Your opponent the devil is prowling around like a roaring lion looking for (someone) to devour" (1 Peter 5:8).
The point is, the devil and his cohorts intend not only to destroy our belief in God and his Church, but also pollute our understanding of God's revelation with every sort of error. Thus it is necessary to turn to the Church whose divine Founder is Jesus Christ in order to properly understand what God has revealed about the angels and, in fact, all of created reality.
Who Are The Angels?
The word "angel" comes from the Greek word angelos, which means "messenger." The chief source of Divine Revelation about the angels is Sacred Scripture, and in both the Old and New Testaments there are many references to these incorporeal beings. For instance, we find in Acts that angels opened prison doors for the apostles, delivered Peter from chains, and accompanied Paul during a storm at sea.
The Catechism reminds the faithful that the "existence of the spiritual, non-corporeal beings that Sacred Scripture usually calls 'angels' is a truth of faith. The witness of Scripture is as clear as the unanimity of Tradition." These purely spiritual creatures "have intelligence and will: they are personal and immortal creatures, surpassing in perfection all visible creatures, as the splendor of their glory bears witness." Further, from our beginning until death, "human life is surrounded" by the "watchful care and intercession" of our angel guardians, for "beside each believer stands an angel as protector and shepherd leading him to life" (see Nos. 202, 203, 328, 330).
The Lord has given us devoted, powerful friends of resplendent beauty who stand ready at our side, ever-watchful angelic guardians who take a personal interest in seeing us arrive safely at our final destination. Let us remember to frequently speak with our guardian angels, converse with them as true friends, and gratefully thank them for all they have done, for we cannot as of yet know of the many times they have rescued us from some calamity. Let us ask for their assistance as we live our daily lives in the Lord.
St. Thomas Aquinas' Teaching On Angels
St. Thomas taught far too much about the angels to list here, and, although what is listed below is not defined doctrine, it does represent a unified body of theological thought about the angels.
One interesting element of St. Thomas's teaching is on the uniqueness of each angel: He taught that each angel is a different species. We can understand -- at least in part -- such a concept by examining our own existence and that of animals. As humans, we all possess a human nature yet belong to the same species, even though we are individual persons. Animals, on the other hand, are of the same nature, yet are made up of different species. There are stark differences between say, an eagle and a giraffe.
With angels, they all possess an angelic nature, yet each individual angel is a unique species. Of course our imagination fails us here, for it is only good at reproducing pictures of material objects, and angels are spiritual and immaterial beings. So, while we can understand the concept of the angels' uniqueness of species, we cannot draw an image of it from our imagination.
Of this uniqueness of species Fr. Paul O'Sullivan writes: "No two angels are alike, no two are equal. God's perfections are infinite, and the countless millions of angels reflect these perfections in a divinely marvelous way. . . . Every angel is specifically different from the other as one species differs from another. . . . The angels are unspeakably lovely, . . . nothing on this earth can possibly give us an idea of their resplendent glory. No painter, no poet, no artist ever conceived anything like them. They are living replicas of God's beauty" (All About The Angels, 28).
We Ought To Love Our Guardian Angels
We have so much to thank our Lord for that should we begin each day by praising him for all that he has done for us, we would not finish such a task in our lifetime. Christ has given us the breath of life, he has given us himself on the cross and in Eucharist, and he has given us his Bride, the Church who nourishes us with the truth about God's revelation.
Yet, pouring out upon us even more love, our Lord has given us devoted, powerful friends of resplendent beauty who stand ready at our side, ever-watchful angelic guardians who take a personal interest in seeing us arrive safely at our final destination.
Let us remember to frequently speak with our guardian angels, converse with them as true friends, and gratefully thank them for all they have done, for we cannot as of yet know of the many times they have rescued us from some calamity. Let us ask for their assistance as we live our daily lives in the Lord.
"'He has given his angels charge over you to guard you in all your ways' (see Ps 91:11). These words should fill you with respect, inspire devotion and instill confidence; respect for the presence of angels, devotion because of their loving service, and confidence because of their protection. And so the angels are here; they are at your side, they are with you, present on your behalf. They are here to protect you and to serve you. But even if it is God who has given them this charge, we must nonetheless be grateful to them for the great love with which they obey and come to help us in our great need." -- St. Bernard
F. K. Bartels is a Catholic writer who knows his Catholic Faith is one of the greatest gifts a man could ever receive. He is a contributing writer for Catholic Online. Visit him also at www.joyintruth.com
St. Joseph of Cupertino
St. Clare
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St. Gerard
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St. Barbara
St. Anthony
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St. Florian
St. Isidore the Farmer
St. Jude
St. George
St. Matthew
St. Ann
St. Brigid of Ireland
St. Joseph
By Atarah Haely (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
A high school graduate stepped up to the podium during the Clay-Chalkville High School graduation ceremony and delivered a powerful prayer, after one woman had a medical emergency. The prayer moved the audience so much that his impromptu invocation was cheered for at ... continue reading
By Atarah Haely (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
"Charlie, Charlie" Challenge is a game now infamous on social media that encourage players to summon a demon. According to a Mirror Online, a Catholic priest has issued a letter warning about the dangers involved with doing such a ritual, and that the challenge is ... continue reading
By Tony Magliano
"The God of peace is never glorified by human violence," wrote the famous Trappist monk Thomas Merton. Whether it's on an individual, city, national, or international level, violence always dishonors God, and makes bad situations worse. The recent Baltimore City riots ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
While frequently in the media's eye, Pope Francis in fact has little time for the media. After making a promise to the Virgin Mary, the Pope claims that he has not watched TV since 1990. He did not even watch the matches of his football team San Lorenzo de ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
In his brief time as the leader of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis has done many remarkable things and has captured the world's attention. He came off as surprisingly humble in a recent interview with a fellow Argentinean journalist. Pope Francis says he ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Pope Francis will release his anticipated teaching document on the environment and climate change in the coming weeks. Over the past several years, more faith traditions have rallied behind environmental protection. Churches have begun to press ecological ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith Fournier
We need to pray for a New Pentecost for the Church in this hour! We need more of the Holy Spirit for the New Evangelization of the Church - so that a renewed Church can engage in the missionary task of the Third Christian Millennium. We need to be baptized afresh ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith Fournier
Peter's wrong choices were not the end of the story of Gods plan for his life. Peter's denial crippled Peter emotionally and spiritually. He lost his way. That was until he encountered the Risen Christ. There, in that encounter, he allowed the belt of ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith Fournier
The Church was empowered by the Holy Spirit to live differently in the midst of a world awaiting the fullness of redemption, to live as a new people to lead the world back to the Father, in and through the Son. Through their experience of the Holy Spirit the early ... continue reading
By Atarah Haely (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
What constitutes being the best university is oftentimes subjective and usually in adherence to one's beliefs and practices. Choosing a college is one of the biggest decisions many people are making. Some opt for those that offer the best training in the fields of ... continue reading


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The metro is all set to reduce the burden of the Mumbai local trains. The 11.07 km-long Versova - Andheri - Ghatkopar metro rail will run every three minutes during peak hours, a Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) official told dna.
The metro will officially be open to the public in September, this year according to the MMRDA.
"Initially when the metro rail is opened for public use, the frequency will be three and a half minutes, which will be reduced to just three minutes during peak hours, later," the official said.
In all there are 12 stations along the metro corridor, namely:
D. N. Nagar
Azad Nagar
Western Express Highway
Airport Road
Marol Naka
Saki Naka
Subhash Nagar
Asalpha Road
All the stations that are under construction have ample facilities for the physically challenged like elevators, escalators and passenger announcement systems.
Another feature of Mumbai's first metro is that the Chinese-made coaches are fire retardant.
Commuters will be able to buy single or multiple-ride tickets as per their convenience. They can also choose the option to purchase a stored value ticket (also called smart card). For tourists a special tourist ticket will be made available.
Passengers can use plastic magnetic tokens and contact less smart cards just like there are on the Delhi Metro.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thyroid Disorders Center - Carson City, NV
Carson City Endocrinologist Doctors for Thyroid Disorders
Type of Physician: Endocrinologist
What is a Endocrinologist?
A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine; practitioners treat disorders of the internal (endocrine) glands such as the thyroid and adrenal glands. Endocrinology also deals with disorders such as diabetes, metabolic and nutritional disorders, pituitary diseases, and menstrual and sexual problems.
Specialty: Endocrinology
Common Name:
Endocrinologist Doctors in Carson City *
Carson Tahoe Endocrinology
Carson Tahoe Physicians Clinic
Carson Tahoe Physicians Clinic
Daniel R Caruso MD
Lisa G Abbott MD
Lisa G Abbott MD
VA Sierra Nevada Health Cr Sys
VA Sierra Nevada Health Cr Sys
University Nev Schl Med Int Med
University Nev Schl Med Int Med
Whittemore Peterson Institute
Carson City, Nevada
Thyroid Disorders
What are thyroid disorders?
Thyroid disorders are conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid has important roles to regulate numerous metabolic pro...!--*ICCChunk-4014*-->
Other Related Thyroid Disorders Articles
Emergency Contact for Carson City
Nearby Carson City Hospitals *
Carson Tahoe Regional Med CT
Sierra Surgery Hospital
Incline Village Community Hosp
Renown Southmeadows
Tahoe Pacific Hospitals-Meadows
Barton Memorial Hospital
Willow Springs Center
Reno Va Medical Center
Renown Rehabilitation Hospital
Renown Regional Medical Center
Northern Nevada Adult Mntl Hlth
St Marys Regional Med Ctr
Tahoe Pacific Hospitals West
Tahoe Forest Hospital
West Hills Hospital
Northern Nevada Medical Center
South Lyon Medical Center
*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


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Book Search
Marine Glycobiology
Principles and Applications
To Be Published March 15th 2016 by CRC Press
Marine OMICS
Principles and Applications
This book provides comprehensive coverage on current trends in marine omics of various relevant topics such as genomics, lipidomics, proteomics, foodomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics as related to and applied to marine biotechnology, molecular...
To Be Published December 26th 2015 by CRC Press
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, Fourth Edition
As with the first three editions of the Handbook of Materials Science and Engineering, the fourth edition focuses on the high quality data including that provided by the most relevant professional societies within the field of materials science and engineering. The Fourth Edition converts much of...
To Be Published September 4th 2015 by CRC Press
Marine Bioenergy
Trends and Developments
Marine Bioenergy: Trends and Developments features the latest findings of leading scientists from around the world. Addressing the key aspects of marine bioenergy, this state-of-the-art text: Offers an introduction to marine bioenergy Explores marine algae as a source of bioenergy Describes...
Published May 20th 2015 by CRC Press
Seafood Science
Advances in Chemistry, Technology and Applications
This book explores current trends in seafood science and examines various related topics including isolation aspects and different methodologies involved in seafood production. It provides detailed explanations about marine species such as fish, seaweed, and crustaceans and discusses their health...
Published September 16th 2014 by CRC Press
Marine Bioenergy
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Published September 15th 2014 by CRC Press
Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives
Advances in Drug Discovery and Developments
A natural long-chain polymer, chitin is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods (including crustaceans and insects), the radulas of mollusks, and the beaks and internal shells of cephalopods. However, marine crustacean shells are the primary sources of the...
Published December 4th 2013 by CRC Press
Marine Biomaterials
Characterization, Isolation and Applications
Oceans are an abundant source of diverse biomaterials with potential for an array of uses. Marine Biomaterials: Characterization, Isolation and Applications brings together the wide range of research in this important area, including the latest developments and applications, from preliminary...
Published April 11th 2013 by CRC Press
Marine Nutraceuticals
Prospects and Perspectives
Series: Nutraceuticals
There is a great deal of consumer interest in natural bioactive substances due to their health benefits. Offering the potential to provide valuable nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients, marine-derived compounds are an abundant source of nutritionally and pharmacologically active agents,...
Published March 25th 2013 by CRC Press
Marine Pharmacognosy
Trends and Applications
Diverse and abundant, marine-derived bioactive compounds offer a plethora of pharmacologically active agents with the potential to produce valuable therapeutic entities. Marine-derived organisms, including some macroalgae, microalgae, blue-green algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates—valued in...
Published December 6th 2012 by CRC Press


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Deena Naidoo fluffs the taste test again
Deena Naidoo's taste buds are proving a real challenge
It was a taste test that again exposed Deena Naidoo in episode eight, as he very quickly picked the wrong ingredients, this time it was walnuts in a carrot cake that left him flummoxed
In episode six of MasterChef the MasterChef contenders had to identify the ingredients in a Beef Rendang recipe.
Deena went straight for ghee when he should have picked peanut oil, saying: "99.999 percent of any curry starts off with ghee". "If peanut oil was the primary ingredient to start off the curry, this would be the first curry that I've heard of starting off with peanut oil"
It did not take long for Deena's taste buds to mislead him again in episode eight with a carrot cake completely missing the walnuts,
A despondent Deena said, "I just cannot believe the decision I have made"
Just as he did in episode six though Deena fought back and along with Thys Hattingh his partner in the iconic dish challenge they did enough to make it through to the next round in the competition.
They had been tasked with recreating a traditional Cape Malay dish called Denningvleis.
Eager to prove himself Deena very quickly identified the tamarind in the recipe and in his eagerness urged Thys to taste the other half of the piece he had just eaten.
A horrified Thys, who claims a he has a minor OCD, had to think long and hard before tasting it but with the pressure of the situation and the camera's pointing at him he obviously did not have enough and tasted what had seconds before been in Deena's mouth.
While not getting the recipe spot on they did enough to keep the judges happy and continue through to the next episode.


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Staff Reporter
PATHANAMTHITTA: The super-speedy cartoon infotainment show, staged by cartoonist S. Jithesh on Saturday at the national integration camp organised by the Nehru Yuva Kendra (NYK), turned out to be a big draw. The camp was held at the Mar Thoma Youth Centre (MTYC) in Adoor.
Cartoonist Jithesh amused people present at the MTYC auditorium with his extraordinary style and speed in cartoon-drawing.
The cartoon show was a unique experience to the audience as the presentation was accompanied by interesting anecdotes blended with poetry.
Caricatures of as many as 50 prominent personalities, including Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rabindranatha Tagore, Subhash Chandra Bose and Bhagath Singh, were created by Jitesh with captivating ease at the cartoon show.
Folk arts show
Folk artist Suresh Soma presented tribal songs and dances of the State at the folk arts show earlier on Friday. K.G. Muraleedharan Unnithan conducted a class on 'national integration and cultural background of India'.
Dr. Ramdas and Sanjayan spoke on 'Indian culture' and 'language, culture and tradition' respectively on Saturday.
Youths from seven Indian States are participating in the programme that concludes on Tuesday, according to C.K. Radhakrishnan, NYK co-ordinator.


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Anti-Chavez leader uses nonconfrontational style
LA RAIZA, Venezuela The rival who could pose the greatest threat to President Hugo Chavez may be the only politician in Venezuela who almost never mentions the leader by name.
While Chavez is exuberant, blustery and aggressive toward adversaries, Henrique Capriles has asserted himself as a sort of anti-Chavez: a soft-spoken state governor who tries to avoid confrontation and describes himself as middle-of-the-road in contrast to the socialist president.
That approach seems to be working among Venezuelans who have grown accustomed to invective-filled feuding between Chavez's friends and foes.
Capriles is leading in the polls in an increasingly crowded field of contenders who will compete in a February primary to choose a single anti-Chavez presidential candidate. He is also the first politician in years to roughly match Chavez in support, according to some recent polls.
A survey released this week by the Caracas-based polling firm Datanalisis showed Capriles with about 36 percent support to Chavez's 38 percent in a two-way matchup. The late July survey of 1,300 Venezuelans had a margin of error of 2.7 percentage points.
"We've never seen any candidate challenging Chavez with such close numbers," said Luis Vicente Leon, director of Datanalisis.
Capriles says he inherited an entrepreneurial bent from his maternal grandfather, Andres Radonski, a Polish Jew who emigrated to Venezuela to escape Nazi persecution during World War II. Radonski arrived with nothing more than a suitcase, and slowly accumulated wealth after founding a food company that became the local subsidiary of the New Jersey-based Nabisco Inc.
Capriles, a wiry 39-year-old, often wears a rosary along with a baseball cap with the colors of Venezuela's flag. He jumped into politics by winning a congressional seat at age 26 and has earned a reputation as an effective manager as a mayor and a state governor.
He likens his approach to that of former Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who promoted pro-business policies while funding expansive social programs that have made him popular among the poor. He even borrowed the name of Silva's famed "Zero Hunger" program for his own food-distribution effort.
That approach has helped him reach swing voters in a country sharply polarized between those who love Chavez and those who hate him.
"He has an attractive profile for groups of government opponents and independents: He's young, has proven experience and has shown successful management," Leon said.
Capriles promotes an inclusive message.
"My politics don't differentiate between ideologies. They're not aimed at dividing people into one group or another," Capriles told The Associated Press in an interview.
Even his criticisms of Chavez's 12-year government are indirect.
"Old chocolate may look good, but when you try it, it's lost its good taste. That's what's happened with this government: The chocolate is old now. We have to try a new chocolate." Asked to describe himself, Capriles alludes to traits that many use to label Chavez: "What am I not? Messianic, nor vain."
His image as a capable administrator has played well in Miranda, which is the country's second-most populous state and includes parts of Caracas and largely impoverished towns in the surrounding hills.


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Magda Linette
View Single Post
Jan 21st, 2011, 11:30 AM
Caipirinha Guy
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2008
Location: where trees are green
Posts: 17,069
Re: Magda Linette
Well... Maka seems to me like a pusher, someone who can play long rallies. Magda should focus on make the rallies shorter which will be better for her - as better players don't spread UEs like fool. Magda so far based her matches just on being solid, she should add something more to her game, become more offensive.
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MV750 Soviet Flathead Rebuild
View Single Post
Joined: May 2006
Location: Goldilocks Zone
Oddometer: 1,502
Kansas - some are drawn to it, others are repelled
Datchew, I am up near KC. From KS to SC - upgrade...
Well back to it. The trip out to CO and back was a whirlwind; virtually drove out, slept, exchanged product and franklins, loaded it then east bound. Once home, finally time to give the machine a good looking over.
First the placard -
Basically it says "Attention Comrade, don't be dicking around with the 2wd engaged. Only engage short distances going straight on crappy roads. Turning with it engaged can cause accident". This is concerning the locker final drive. It is a differential until engaged, then it is a locker (both rear and sidecar wheel turn at same rate).
Of course the question to me is "how much of this thing is really a MV750?". One thing one learns after owning old Russian stuff - originality is often lost. The MV750 differs from its K750 sibling as the MV is the military variant and the K is the civilian version. To denote military parts stars were stamped onto the components. Although I knew about this, over the years, I had only managed to obtain a few parts with star stamps. The search began:
Stars also noted on engine and a few other parts. This is excellent news! Seems a lot of the original parts are here! This is tooooo good to be true. Waiting for something heavy to fall one me. . . wait, what is all of that orange stuff between all the mating surfaces. . . . . ok, ok that's crazy - stay on mission. Time to plan for the startup - why the orange stuff? Stop obsessing, man! Off to hit the books to read up about valve settings, timing, carbs in prep for the startup. Plus, were in the hell do I get a 6V battery...
КМЗ Dnepr MT11 // КМЗ M72 // ИЖ Planeta 5 // КМЗ MV750 // Урал М63 // BMW R1200GS 30th
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need help with home!
need help with home!
I had a huge art session the past two days. Mostly I used acrylic paints and spray paints. I didnt really notice it at the time but I got tons of paint on the carpet. Is there an easy way to get this out? its already dry.
ALso, some black spraypaint ended up on a white wall. Is there a way to remove the black paint? Or should I just buy new white paint and do a cover up. Will the black point bleed through?
When I need to get a bad stain off a wall, I dampen a terry cloth rag with rubbing alcohol, and rub the stain until it's gone. It takes a thin layer of the paint with it, but it gets rid of the stain.
About the carpet.. that's a bit trickier. Acetone will dissolve the carpet along with the paint, so don't use that. I'd try the rubbing alcohol + terry cloth trick on the carpet too, and if that doesn't work, spot-test some paint thinner on a part of the carpet that isn't visible, and if it doesn't mess it up, try the terry cloth with that.
Edit: On second thought, spot-test the alcohol before you use it too (just to be sure).
Thanks. Ill try this out when I get home tonight. Kevlar, the spraypaint itself is made out of acetone. Is that bad for the carpet?
Actually, I was just looking around some more and it looks like acetone might only dissolve the carpet padding, so you might try it. Just make sure it doesn't penetrate all the way to the base of the carpet, and again, spot-test it on a place that isn't visible first. Be sure to open all your windows, and don't light a match! :P
If not to deep a stain and nothing else works I have given the carpet a trim!
WD-40 might actually be the way to go. Just found this: http://www.wisegeek.com/how-can-i-remove-dried-...


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Cheap GDT to Malaga flights
Popular Flights from Cockburn Town, Turks and Caicos
Top Cockburn Town Flights to US Destinations
Top Cockburn Town International Destinations
Popular Flights from Malaga, Spain
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Route information for flights from JAGS McCartney Intl. to Malaga.
4,079.61 miles
AGP - Malaga Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Malaga (AGP) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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sport literature association conference
past conferences
Download Registration Materials
June 24-27, 2015
Johnson City, Tennessee
Abstract Deadline: May 15, 2015
The 32nd Annual Conference of the Sport Literature Association will be held Wednesday, June 24 through Saturday, June 27, 2015, at East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, Tennessee. The Program Committee of the Sport Literature Association invites proposals for individual papers and/or complete sessions related to the literature of sport.
Scholarly and critical submissions for the conference should follow general guidelines set forth in the association's publication, Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature, which "celebrate[s] the intersection of literature with the world of play, games, and sport." Submissions "should address treatments of sport in texts or textual media (print, film, performance, digital or other media)." We invite essays on sport literature (fiction, nonfiction, poetry, drama, or film) or on the rhetoric of sport. Cultural-studies approaches to sport texts are welcome. We also encourage sessions focused on presenters' original fiction, creative nonfiction, and poetry. The association welcomes papers from younger scholars and graduate students. Small travel stipends may be available for the latter.
Those interested in presenting should send abstracts of individual papers or original work or proposals for complete sessions by May 15, 2015, to the program chair at the following address:
Kyle Belanger
Humanities, Communications/Sports Journalism
Springfield College, Weiser Hall
263 Alden Street
Springfield, MA 01109-3797
Submissions (preferably electronic) must include presenter's name, phone number, postal and email addresses, paper title, and a 250-word abstract. (Abstracts are mandatory since they create post-conference proceedings.) Indicate the type of presentation as critical study, fiction, creative nonfiction, or poetry. Please indicate any requests for technology (Power Point, Video/Audio Clips, etc.). Individual proposals may, but are not required to, include suggestions for possible panel placement.
The Sport Literature Association is accepting submissions for the Lyle Olsen Graduate Student Essay contest. Winners will receive a small stipend, a year's membership in the association, some financial aid to attend the June conference, and publication in Aethlon. Please share this information with other lists, students, and colleagues. Entries should be sent to Craig Riordan at
email@example.com by April 15.
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"Yes, we're going to be putting more money into school construction," President-Elect Obama promised in a "Meet the Press" interview taped Saturday in Chicago. The President-Elect's commitment to new schools must be matched with a commitment to building schools in safe locations that will not expose our children to hazardous levels of air pollution. A first priority of the Obama Administration should be to move the school siting guidelines to the top of the EPA's agenda.
Child Proofing Our Communities (CPOC), a CHEJ program to prevent environmental health harm to children, developed the only existing National Model School Siting Policy guidelines to help state groups advance protective school siting policies for their states: http://www.childproofing.org/documents/school_siting_model_legislation.pdf
|SOURCE Center for Health, Environment & Justice
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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2007 Superformance MkIII 427S/C Cobra, SP02465. Corsa Red/bright white stripes. [Registered in Florida as 2007; VIN SP02465]. Under the hood: Roush 402R [402 cid 'stroker' V8;... More
GEORGEOUS ROADSTER! 2000 Honda S2000 convertible--original owner, purchased new from local dealer, always garaged, with only 26,199 carefully driven miles(female owned). Engine is a... More
2005 Ford GT FOR SALE!!! Finished in the Very rare Satin Silver with BLACK Stripes. Like New!!! No marks, No scratches, No dents , No... More
2005 Ford GT FOR SALE!!! Heffner Twin Turbo CARBON EDITION. Finished in the Very rare and hard to find Speed YELLOW with BLACK Stripes. Now, this is... More
2006 Ford GT FOR SALE!!! Finished in Red with White stripes, and has been covered with a matte clear bra. The bra was professionaly installed... More
2005 Chevrolet SSR 14,561 ACTUAL MILES Redline Red 6 Speed Manual Transmission LS2 Engine Magnuson MagnaCharger MP112 Supercharger Professioally Installed and Tuned. Adds 110+ HP (All Stock Intake Engine... More
2006 Ford GT HERITAGE EDITION For Sale!!! Finished in Blue and Orange exterior over Black interior. Guaranteed NO PAINT WORK, NO ACCIDENTS EVER OF ANY... More
2006 Ford GT FOR SALE!!! ALL 4 OPTOINS!!! Finished in Tungsten Grey with Silver Stripes. Options include: BBS Wheels Red Brake Calipers Silver Racing Stripes McIntosh Radio Comes with everything from new: Car... More
2008 Porsche Boxster RS 60 Spyder, This is a Limited Edition Boxster RS 60 Spyder, this is #179 of 1960 made world wide, only... More
2008 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Coupe Finished in the special ordered Velocity Yellow, this Corvette has been in a prominent collection since new and has only... More
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If you are looking for an exceptional Ferrari with LOW miles, look no further! This 2008 Ferrari F430 Spider is finished in Rosso Corsa Red with ... More
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2008 Ford Shelby Mustang GT500. Garage kept. Mature owner. 4500 miles. Signed by Carroll Shelby and registered. All paperwork available. Mint condition. ... More


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By Abbi Overfelt
February 18, 2014
LAURINBURG — The Bridge-at-the-Village club met Feb. 17 under the direction of Brian Potter.
In first place was the team of Charito Grady and Bonnie Purcell. In second place were Gail and Jim Lockamy; third place, Norma Jones and Millie Yongue; fourth place, Betty Hasty and Lil Owens.


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Nintendo's fended off class-action lawsuits over "defective" Wiimote straps in the past, and if you remember, they also replaced about 3.2 million of the straps (a/k/a "all of them") around the same time too -- way back in December of 2006. Well, the same lawyer's back for round two with a new, nearly identical suit, but this one also alleges that Nintendo knew that the defect existed and was negligent in their failure to report the problem to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Nintendo's probably not stoked about the news -- but we've got a feeling that the company's record-breaking sales will balm the wounds a little. According to NPD data just released, the company sold 2 million Wiis and 1.56 million DS units in November, an all-time hardware sales record for a month other than December. Yeah, who cares about a few busted up TVs and black eyes in the face of those numbers?
[Via Gamecyte]
Read - Nintendo Slapped with Strap Lawsuit Once Again
Read - Wii and Nintendo DS Set Historic New US Sales Records


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|Fast Facts
See Also: Income and Income Classification of Benguet (based on the average income for the past 5 years), How Benguet Got Its Name, Board Resolutions
Brief Profile
Located at the Southern end of the Cordillera Mountain Range is the Province of Benguet. Bounded on the South by Pangasinan, on the west by La Union and Ilocos Sur, on the north by Mountain Province and on the east by Ifugao. Benguet serves as the gateway to the highland provinces of the Cordillera Region.
Population of Benguet from 1948 to 2007
Data Source - PPDO files
Income and Income Classification of Benguet (based on the average income for the past 5 years)
Data Source -PPDO files
Agriculture has been the traditional and still the major source of employment for the people in the province. At least 54% of the labor force are engaged in vegetable/cutflower farming. Vegetable products from the province supplies 80% of vegetable needs of the metropolis. Vegetables grown are, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauli flower, potatoes, carrots and other temperate veggies. Cutflower production is also gaining attention because of its promising ventures. These are roses, mums, lilies, , carnation, Shasta and others. The "Rose Garden of the Philippines" is located in the province particularly Barangay Bahong, La Trinidad.
Mining Industry(large scale and small scale) is still second in providing employment to 30% residents and from other provinces.
Tourism as an industry is a resource and means for economic growth in the province and is now being recognized and manifested in the present day policies and programs.
Tourism development in Benguet is sustainable as it focuses on ecotourism. Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs. Similarly, sustainable tourism is making tourism as instrument of economic progress considering its viability and effectiveness for future generations. Within this framework sustainable tourism aims to imbue the Filipino with greater sense of identity, pride of place and commitment to the nation enlisting everyone to participate in the protection/conservation and preservation of our natural and cultural heritage.
Tourist Sceneries
Benguet nestled in the Cordillera mountain range is a tourist haven. It is guarded by mountains clad with majestic towering pines, terraced fields of rice paddies and vegetables shaped into immense flight of steps soaring and reaching for the skies and heavens where crisp, refreshingly cool mountain air, and mist wafts the land, nook and valleys dotted with burial caves, waterfalls and hotsprings, and home to indigenous people of distinct culture and traditions.
The name Benguet was first pronounced in La Trinidad, a thriving settlement at the crossroads to the lowland trading sites during the period of Spanish expeditions. La Trinidad then was a settlement around a lake alive with wildlife, wallowing carabaos dotted with patches of taro, rice, gabi and camote. In one expedition, a curious Spanish conquistador who saw this settlement noted that the people wore cloth coverings wrapped around their head several times. When he inquired about it, the native explained that the heavy head covering which the people wore as protection from the searing cold and winds is termed "benget". With the western accent of the colonizers "benget" was mispronounced as "benguet". In time, it eventually became a general reference to the territories of the Iggorotes peopled by the Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Kalangoya, and other minor tribes.
Benguet General Hospital Economic Enterprise:
Appropriation Ordinance No.


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Archive for Thursday, September 1, 2005
Service note
September 1, 2005
Michael C. Taylor has graduated from the Army ROTC Leader Development and Assessment Course, also known as "Operation Warrior Forge," at Fort Lewis, Tacoma, Wash.
The primary focus of the 33-day course is to develop and evaluate each cadet's potential as a leader and officer.
Taylor is the son of Ralph E. and Lori Taylor of Lansing. He is a 2002 graduate of Leavenworth High School and is currently attending Washburn University in Topeka.
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Spinnerette is an American band consisting of Brody Dalle, Tony Bevilacqua (both former members of The Distillers), Jack Irons (Red Hot Chili Peppers, Pearl Jam, Eleven) and Alain Johannes (Queens of the Stone Age, Eleven). Dalle announced the emergence of the band in March 2007.
The band was signed to Sire Records before negotiating their way out of their record contract, and has released one demo song on their website called "Case of the Swirls." In early January 2008, a 'Mashup' of material Spinnerette have been working on appeared on their official website and official MySpace page. A full album is expected to be released in 2008.
On August 8th 2008 a blog was posted on the bands Myspace announcing that fans can now hear the first song from the upcoming album via the bands official website. The song is called Valium Knights.
Recently, Brody played a live version of "Driving Song" with Queens Of The Stone Age as a backing band for the Natasha Shneider benefit concert. Lyrics for the song have been posted on Spinnerette's Myspace page.
It is also known, by a communication between the band and their suscriptors to their newsletters, that Spinnerette it's going to perform a few dates with the following allineation:
"Brody Dalle on vocals and guitar, Tony Bevilacqua on guitar, Bryan Tulao on more guitar, Nicole Fiorentino on badass bass, and Dave Hidalgo Jr on drums".
It is unknown if this is the former allineation, because there's no mention on Alain Johannes or Jack Irons, supposedly considered bandmates.
The club destinations for this little tour are among: Velvet Jones (Santa Barbara), Alex's Bar (Long Beach) and Spaceland (Silver Lake).


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Nicholas Hall and Kirsten Montgomery
Kirsten Montgomery and Nicholas Hall, both of Columbus, announce their engagement.
Ms. Montgomery is the daughter of Sharon Montgomery and Michael Montgomery of Columbus. She is a 2009 graduate of Columbus North High School and plans to graduate in 2015 from IUPUC, with a degree in nursing. She is employed by Columbus Regional Hospital.
Mr. Hall, the son of Tammy Cline of Columbus and Mark and Michelle Hall of Tennessee, is employed by UPS. He is a 2009 graduate of Lincoln College of Technology, with a degree in diesel technology.
The wedding will be June 21 at First Christian Church.


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Scintimammography is a diagnostic modality using radiopharmaceuticals or radiotracers to detect tumors of the breast. After injection of a radiopharmaceutical, the breast is evaluated with planar imaging, nuclear medicine imaging. Scintimammography is performed with the patient lying prone and the camera positioned laterally, which increases the distance between the breast and the camera. Scintimammography using conventional imaging modalities has relatively poor sensitivity in detecting smaller lesions (e.g., smaller than 15 mm), because of the relatively poor resolution of conventional gamma cameras in imaging the breast. Interest in this approach has increased in recent years with the development of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) and, even more recently, molecular breast imaging (MBI) that are used in conjunction with scintimammography in order to improve diagnostic performance. Breast-specific gamma cameras acquire images while the patient is seated in a position similar to that in mammography, and the breast is lightly compressed. The detector head(s) is immediately next to the breast, increasing resolution, and the images can be compared with the mammographic images. BSGI and MBI differ primarily in the type and number of detectors used (multi-crystal arrays of cesium iodide or sodium iodide versus semiconductor materials, such as cadmium zinc telluride, respectively). In some configurations, a detector is placed on each side of the breast, and they lightly compress it. The maximum distance between the detector and the breast is therefore from the surface to the midpoint of the breast. MBI systems can achieve greater resolution and smaller pixel size. Much of the research on BSGI and MBI has been conducted at the Mayo Clinic. The radiotracer usually utilized is technetium Tc99m sestamibi. MBI imaging takes approximately 40 minutes. (1)
BSGI and MBI have been suggested for a variety of applications. The Society for Nuclear Medicine recently released guidelines for breast scintigraphy with breast-specific gamma cameras. The potential uses they listed are as follows:
The guideline also mentions other efforts, such as the American College of Radiology's Appropriateness Criteria and the American College of Surgeons' Consensus Conference III. (2) Less emphasis is placed on detecting positive axillary lymph nodes with BSGI or MBI than with scintimammography because with current configurations, these lymph nodes are frequently out of view. Selected studies on these modalities are discussed below.
The primary radiopharmaceutical used with BSGI or MBI is technetium Tc99m sestamibi (marketed by Draxis Specialty Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Cardinal Health 414, Dublin, Ohio; LLC, Mallinckrodt Inc., and Pharmalucence, Inc., Bedford, MA). The labeling states that technetium-99m sestamibi is "indicated for planar imaging as a second-line diagnostic drug after mammography to assist in the evaluation of breast lesions in patients with an abnormal mammogram or a palpable breast mass. Technetium Tc99m sestamibi is not indicated for breast cancer screening, to confirm the presence or absence of malignancy, and it is not an alternative to biopsy."
Several scintillation or gamma cameras have general 510(k) marketing clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which states that they are cleared for "use in imaging the distribution of radionuclides in the human body using planar imaging techniques." Two examples of gamma cameras used in BSGI or molecular breast imaging are Dilon 6800® (Dilon Technologies, Newport News, VA) and LumaGEM™ (Gamma Medica Instruments, Northridge, CA).
NOTE: The term "molecular breast imaging" is used in different ways, sometimes for any type of breast imaging involving molecular imaging, including positron emission mammography (PEM) and sometimes limited to imaging with a type of breast-specific gamma camera, as is used in this policy.
Each benefit plan, summary plan description or contract defines which services are covered, which services are excluded, and which services are subject to dollar caps or other limitations, conditions or exclusions. Members and their providers have the responsibility for consulting the member's benefit plan, summary plan description or contract to determine if there are any exclusions or other benefit limitations applicable to this service or supply. If there is a discrepancy between a Medical Policy and a member's benefit plan, summary plan description or contract, the benefit plan, summary plan description or contract will govern.
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Montana (BCBSMT) considers scintimammography, breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) and molecular breast imaging (MBI) experimental, investigational and unproven in all applications, including but not limited to use as an adjunct to mammography or in staging the axillary lymph nodes.
NOTE: This policy addresses scintimammography, BSGI, and MBI only. The use of single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and positron emission mammography (PEM) of the breast are not covered in this policy.
This policy was created in 2009 and updated periodically with literature review. The most recent update covers the period of March 2010 through June 2012.
Mammography is the main screening modality for breast cancer. The clinical utility of adjunctive screening tests, such as scintimammography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is primarily in the evaluation of women with inconclusive results on mammography. A biopsy will generally be performed on a breast lesion if imaging cannot rule out malignancy with certainty. Therefore, adjunctive tests will be most useful in women with inconclusive mammograms if they have a high negative predictive value (NPV), and can obviate the need for a biopsy.
The most relevant types of research studies will include populations of patients who have inconclusive mammograms, or populations that are expected to have less accurate mammograms, and that test the utility of scintimammography or breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in addition to mammograms for determining whether a biopsy is required. Studies that directly compare the accuracy of scintimammography or BSGI with alternatives such as MRI, also contain useful information, although with less direct clinical relevance. These types of studies will also be included in this review.
Scintimammography with conventional single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging:
Interest in scintimammography using conventional imaging as an adjunct to mammography has waned over time primarily because of the difficulty in imaging small lesions. A meta-analysis published in 2006 reviewed retrospective and prospective evidence on 2,424 patients from single-site trials and 3,049 patients from multi-site trials performed since January 1997 on the use of scintimammography for the diagnosis of primary breast cancer. (3) The studies included at least 100 patients, used pathology findings as the reference standard, included planar images, and used Tc99m-MIBI or Tc99m-tetrofosmin. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 84%, respectively, in the single-site trials and 85% and 83%, respectively, in the multi-site trials. In 2006 the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) published a comparative effectiveness report on the accuracy of noninvasive diagnostic tests in women presenting with breast abnormalities (either by mammography or physical examination), specifically comparing ultrasound or ultrasonography (US), positron emission tomography (PET), scintimammography, and MRI. (4) The report recommends against using scintimammography to identify women with suspicious mammograms who do not need to go on for biopsy.
Considering women at an average risk of breast cancer (20%) following an abnormal mammogram, for every 1,000 women who had a negative scintimammogram, 93 cases of cancer would be missed in return for avoiding 907 unnecessary biopsies. This performance is worse (i.e., there are more missed cancers) than PET, US, or MRI. None of these tests met the suggested standard of having a less than 2% risk of having cancer among women with negative diagnostic results. Regarding the use of scintimammography to detect axillary metastases, a review of published studies between 1994 and 1998 (5) showed a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 89%. More recent studies using different radiopharmaceuticals have shown sensitivities in the high 80–90% range. (6, 7) A meta-analysis published in 2011 (8) reviewed 45 studies of scintimammography and also reported sensitivities and sensitivities in this range, with summary estimates for sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82%-84%) and for specificity of 85% (95% CI 83-86%). The test is still not accurate enough to replace surgical nodal dissection. No studies have examined patient outcomes comparing the strategy of using scintimammography to aid in decision making regarding nodal dissection versus standard nodal dissection. Scintimammography with conventional SPECT imaging, therefore, will not be discussed further in this policy.
Scintimammography with BSGI:
Use of BSGI as an adjunct to mammography: The use of dedicated gamma camera systems has renewed interest in scintimammography as a primary screening technique. Rhodes and colleagues reported on a study that used a dedicated gamma camera for breast imaging that permits cranial-caudal images with compression. (9) Scintimammography, which would now be called BSGI, was performed on 40 women with small mammographic abnormalities (less than 2 cm) scheduled to undergo biopsy. Thirty-three of the 36 malignant lesions confirmed at biopsy were identified on BSGI images. The authors conclude that this preliminary study suggests an important role for BSGI in women with dense breasts in whom the sensitivity of mammography is decreased. The high prevalence of malignant lesions suggests that this study recruited a highly selected population of patients.
Brem and colleagues also used a breast-specific gamma camera to evaluate 94 women considered at high risk of breast cancer with normal mammographic findings. (10) High risk was defined as a calculated five year risk of developing breast cancer of 1.66%, as determined by the Gail model. Of the 94 women in the study, 35 had a prior history of some type of breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia. The results of the scintimammography were categorized from 1 to 5, similar to the Breast Imagining Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scoring system developed for mammographic evaluation. For example, scores of 1 to 3 were considered to be without evidence of disease, while those with scores of 4 and 5 resulted in an US exam directed to the region of interest. If US identified a hypoechoic area, a biopsy was performed; if the US exam was normal, patients were followed up at 6 months with repeat scintimammography. A total of 16 of the 94 women (17%) had abnormal scintimammograms; follow-up US in 11 of these 16 identified a hypoechoic lesion that was biopsied. The five remaining patients had normal US results and were followed up with a repeat scintimammogram at six months, which was normal. Of the 11 who underwent US-guided biopsy, two invasive cancers (12%) were identified; the cancers measured less than 8 mm in diameter. In one of these patients, the identified cancer was a local recurrence after lumpectomy, and the authors suggest that the mammographic evaluation was compromised by post-therapeutic changes.
Brem and colleagues (11) examined the performance of BSGI in a retrospective study of 146 consecutive patients undergoing BSGI, who had a mixed set of indications, including palpable lesions with no mammographic correlation, diagnosis of multicentricity or multifocality in women with known breast cancer, or screening of women at high risk of breast cancer. The analysis was performed per lesion (n=167), not per patient. The overall prevalence of disease was 49.7%. The sensitivity of BSGI was 96.4% (95% CI: 92–99%), and the specificity was 59.5% (95% CI: 49–70%). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 68.8% (95% CI: 60–78%), and the NPV was 94.3% (95% CI: 88–99%). However, the sensitivity in detecting invasive cancer was 100% for lesions larger than 10 mm, 87.5% (95% CI: 45–99%; n=8) for lesions 6–10 mm, and 83.3% (95% CI: 35–99%; n=6) for tumors 0–5 mm; the sensitivity differed for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the number of cases was smaller. The performance of BSGI in detecting smaller tumors in particular requires further investigation. As the authors point out, additional larger studies are needed to confirm or modify these findings.
In another study, 150 patients with BI-RADS classification four or five lesions smaller than 2 cm who were scheduled for biopsy underwent scintimammography using a dual-head, breast-specific gamma camera; the results from three blinded readers were averaged. (12) In 88 patients, 128 cancers were found. The per-lesion sensitivity with the dual-head camera was 90% (115/128) for all lesions and 82% (50/61) for lesions 1 cm or smaller.
In a retrospective study on BSGI, Brem et al. examined the detection of occult foci of breast cancer among 159 women with recently diagnosed breast cancer (77%) or a clinically suspicious lesion among women who were ultimately proven to have breast cancer (23%). (13) Twelve percent of the women had personal histories of breast cancer, and 43% had family histories of breast cancer. BSGI identified 56 potential, additional cancers among 46 women. "Second look" US was performed to evaluate 53 of the lesions and MRI for 14 of the lesions. Biopsies were performed on 46 of the 56 lesions, using US, stereotactic or MRI guidance; three others were removed during surgery; the remaining seven were found to be benign (5) or were lost to follow-up. (2) Biopsy or surgery revealed 14 cancerous lesions (25%) and 35 benign lesions (63%). Five lesions initially identified as benign were subsequently found to be cancerous. Of the 159 women overall, additional cancerous lesions were identified using BSGI in 9%; 3% of the 9% were in the contralateral breast. The authors noted that FDA approval of Gamma Loc will permit localization and biopsy of BSGI-located lesions.
In a study of 145 consecutive patients scheduled for breast biopsy with an 86% prevalence of disease, the sensitivity of BSGI was 97.6% per patient (100% for tumors larger than 10 mm and 91.1% for tumors 10 mm or smaller). (14) The per-lesion specificity was 86.4% (four cancers were missed, three of which were detected by mammography). The authors suggest using BSGI for surgical planning or to avoid biopsy, but the NPV, calculated to be 83%, is not high enough to forgo biopsy. Given the relative ease and diagnostic accuracy of the gold standard of biopsy coupled with the adverse consequences of missing breast cancer, the NPV of BSGI would have to be extremely high to influence treatment decisions. The NPV is determined by the sensitivity of the test, as well as the prevalence of disease. Among a population of patients with mammographic abnormalities highly suggestive of breast cancer, the NPV will be lower than in a population of patients with mammographic abnormalities not suggestive of breast cancer. Therefore, the clinical utility of BSGI as an adjunct to mammography may vary according to the type of mammographic abnormalities included in the studies.
Weigert et al. reported data from a multicenter patient registry in 2012. (15) This retrospective study analyzed 1,042 patients who had BSGI imaging, pathological diagnosis by biopsy, and at least six months follow-up, drawn from a total of 2,004 patients in the registry. From this population, BSGI had a reported sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 77%, a PPV of 57%, and a NPV of 96%. There were a total of 329 patients that had complete information from mammography and US, thus allowing direct comparison of diagnostic accuracy among these three modalities. In this subset of patients, BSGI had a sensitivity of 92%, compared to 74% for mammography and 84% for US, and a NPV value of 93%, compared to 82% for mammography and 85% for US. In 139 patients with a suspicious lesion on mammography, BSGI imaging was negative in 21 cases, 13 of which were true-negatives and 8 of which were false-negatives.
Conclusions: Evidence on the utility of BSGI as an adjunct to mammography is insufficient to permit conclusions on its clinical utility. Available studies are relatively small, mainly retrospective, and do not provide adequate comparison to relevant alternatives such as MRI. Although the evidence suggests that BSGI has reasonably high overall accuracy, the NPV of BSGI has not been demonstrated to be high enough to forego biopsy. As a result, the use of BSGI to change management is not supported by the evidence and the clinical utility of BSGI has not been demonstrated. There are no studies that demonstrate that BSGI can change management in ways that improve outcomes, in particular, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether BSGI can be used as an adjunct to mammography to reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Diagnostic accuracy of BSGI compared to alternatives: To evaluate how BSGI might be used in diagnosis of breast cancer, it must be compared to other breast-imaging modalities, such as traditional mammography, US, or MRI. Although some comparative studies have been published, they are limited by the retrospective nature of most study designs, small sample sizes, patient populations with mixed indications for imaging, and a high prevalence of cancer. For example, Brem and another set of coauthors (16) compared the performance of BSGI, mammography, and MRI in 20 of 290 women undergoing BSGI who had pathologically confirmed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In this retrospective review, MRI was performed on only seven patients. Because the study design excluded women without DCIS, it could only address the sensitivity of these tests. It reported the sensitivity of BSGI to be 91%; for MRI, 88%; and for mammography, 82%. The difference was not statistically significant and presumably did not include the same patients (since MRI results were only available for a subset). Spanu et al. compared BSGI with mammography in the detection of multifocal or multicentric disease in breast cancer patients; they found that BSGI was more sensitive than mammography for this purpose. (17) However, the relevant comparison in this context would probably be between BSGI and another modality such as MRI.
A retrospective study compared BSGI, mammography, US, and MRI among 21 women with histologically confirmed lobular cancer, which can be more difficult to detect early than other breast cancers. (18) No statistically significant difference was found between the sensitivity of BSGI (93%; n=26) and mammography (79%; n=26), US (68%, n=25), or MRI (83%; n=12). However, only some women received US or MRI, as clinically indicated, so sensitivity was being compared for different subsets of patients. In a small study (n=23) comparing BSGI and MRI in women with indeterminate lesions, there was no difference between the two modalities in sensitivity; the specificity of BSGI was greater than for MRI. (19) Another study prospectively compared BSGI using technetium Tc99m tetrofosmin and SPECT or computed tomography (CT) among 157 women with suspicious breast lesion on clinical examination, mammography, or US. (20) Using surgery or biopsy, 127 women were found to have cancer (140 carcinomas), and 30 women had 33 benign lesions. BSGI identified 95.7% of the carcinomas; SPECT or CT identified 90.7% (p less than 0.01). The specificity for both was 87.9%. Among cancerous lesions at or less than 10 mm, BSGI was more sensitive than SPECT or CT (89.1% vs. 78.3%, respectively; p less than 0.05). On the other hand, SPECT or CT identified 36 of 46 axillary lymph node metastases (specificity 96.4% but not high enough to preclude radio-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy, according to the authors), while BSGI detected only four cases. At the time this article was written, the author noted only one other study on the use of SPECT or CT to detect primary breast cancer.
Kim (21) reported on 97 biopsies in 66 women with dense breasts and compared the accuracy of BSGI with MRI. There were 26 biopsy-proven malignancies. BSGI had a sensitivity of 88.8% (95% CI 69.8-97.6%), which was similar to the sensitivity for MRI (92.3%, 95% CI 74.9-99.1%). However, the specificity of BSGI was 90.1% (95% CI 80.7-95.9%) which was higher than MRI (39.4%, 95% CI 28.0-51.7%, p<0.0001).
Keto et al. (22) compared BSGI to MRI for the diagnosis of DCIS in 18 patients with newly diagnosed DCIS. All patients received both an MRI and a BSGI and images were read independently by dedicated breast radiologists. The sensitivity of BSGI was 89% compared to 94% for MRI, a difference that was not statistically different.
Conclusions: Direct comparisons of BSGI with alternative imaging modalities, mainly MRI, are limited. These studies are small, retrospective, and do not enroll the most clinically relevant populations. The limited evidence suggests that the sensitivity of BSGI is similar to MRI and that the specificity of BSGI may be higher than MRI. The evidence is not sufficient to conclude that the NPV for BSGI is higher than for MRI. In addition, it is not clear how the increased specificity will lead to any changes in management that will improve outcomes.
Radiation exposure with BSGI: Another factor that should be taken into account is the radiation dose associated with this test. According to one study, (23) the radiation dose to the breast from the 20 mCi (740 MBq) technetium Tc99m sestamibi used for BSGI at this center is 0.13 rad or 1.3 mGy, less than the 0.75 rad the authors report for mammography, except that the dose is given to the entire body. The authors assert that this dose poses an "extremely low risk of harmful effects to the patient" but that it should be reduced by a factor of 5 to 10 if BSGI were to be used as a regular screening technique. The authors also estimate that the cost of BSGI is three to four times that of mammography.
An article published online in August 2010 calculated mean glandular doses, and from those, lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer for film mammography, digital mammography, BSGI, and positron emission mammography (PEM). (24) The author, who is a consultant to GE Healthcare and a member of the medical advisory boards of Koning (which are working on dedicated breast CT) and Bracco (MR contrast agents), used BEIR VII Group risk estimates (25) to gauge the risks of radiation-induced cancer incidence and mortality from breast imaging studies. The estimated LAR of cancer for a patient with the average-sized compressed breast during mammography of 5.3 cm (it would be higher for larger breasts) for a single breast procedure at age 40 is:
The corresponding LAR of cancer mortality at age 40 is:
The risk is higher for younger patients, so for example, the lifetime attributable risk of cancer mortality at age 20 is:
A major difference in the impact of radiation between mammography, on the one hand, and BSGI or PEM, on the other, is that for mammography, the substantial radiation dose is limited to the breast. With BSGI and PEM, all organs are irradiated. Furthermore, as one ages, the risk of cancer induction from radiation exposure decreases more rapidly for the breast than for other radiosensitive organs. The organ at highest risk for cancer is the colon with BSGI and the bladder with PEM; these cancers, along with lung cancer, are also less curable than breast cancer. Thus, the distribution of radiation throughout the body adds to the risks associated with BSGI and PEM. Hendrick concludes that "The results reported herein indicate the BSGI and PEM are not good candidate procedures for breast cancer screening because of the associated higher risks for cancer induction per study compared with the risks associated with existing modalities such as mammography, breast US, and breast MRI. The benefit-to-risk ratio for BSCI and PEM may be different in women known to have breast cancer, in whom additional information about the extent of disease may better guide treatment."
Hendrick estimates that the breast radiation dose for digital breast tomosynthesis is one to two times that for two view mammography (depending on whether it is one or two view tomosynthesis), while dedicated breast CT doses aim to be close to two view mammography; neither of these tests have received FDA approval yet. A lower dose version of molecular breast imaging (MBI) has been developed and is currently being tested at the Mayo Clinic among 1,000 women with dense breast tissue on mammography who are at increased risk of cancer. (1) According to the authors, all of whom are from the Mayo Clinic, this new approach will "make MBI comparable with screening mammography in terms of radiation exposure." It is not clear whether this statement refers to breast exposure or whole body exposure.
Since the use of BSGI or MBI has been proposed for women at high risk of breast cancer, it should be mentioned that there is controversy and speculation over whether some women, such as those with BRCA mutations (refers to breast cancer mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2), have a heightened radiosensitivity. (26, 27) Of course, if women with BRCA mutations are more radiosensitive than the population as a whole, the above estimates may underestimate the risks they face from breast imaging with ionizing radiation (i.e., mammography, BSGI, MBI, PEM, SPECT or CT, breast-specific CT, and tomosynthesis; US and MRI do not involve the use of radiation). More research will be needed to resolve this issue. Also, the risk associated with radiation exposure will be greater for women at high risk of breast cancer, whether or not they are more radiosensitive, because they start screening at a younger age when the risks associated with radiation exposure are larger.
Several uses have been currently proposed for BSGI to:
The relevant population (e.g., prevalence of cancer), comparator imaging (e.g., mammography or MRI), and diagnostic metric (e.g., sensitivity or NPV) vary across these different uses.
Conclusions: The use of BSGI results in additional radiation exposure for women being screened for breast cancer. This radiation exposure is distributed throughout the body, as opposed to mammography where it is concentrated to the breast. The clinical importance of this additional exposure is uncertain, and efforts are ongoing to minimize the radiation dose.
Ongoing Clinical Trials
According to online site clinicaltrials.gov, over 20 trials are currently underway on BSGI or MBI, and many of them are being conducted at the Mayo Clinic. Several of the studies are included in the following listing:
Practice Guidelines and Position Statements:
As noted in the Description section, the Society for Nuclear Medicine released a procedure guideline on breast scintigraphy with breast-specific gamma camera. (2) It lists a set of potential indications with references apparently to support each set of indications but does not provide a systematic review of the literature on the uses of breast scintigraphy with breast-specific gamma camera, which would take into account the quality of the studies. The guideline is based on consensus, and most of it is devoted to the procedures and specifications of the examination, documentation, and recording, quality control, and radiation safety.
The evidence to date does not provide sufficient support for any of the uses discussed. Limited evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of BSGI reports that the test has a relatively high sensitivity and specificity for detecting malignancy. However, the evidence does not establish that BSGI improves outcomes when used as an adjunct to mammography for breast cancer screening. In the available studies, the NPV of BSGI has not been high enough to preclude biopsy in patients with inconclusive mammograms. In addition, the evidence is not sufficient to conclude that BSGI is better than MRI for this purpose. Larger, higher-quality studies are required to determine whether BSGI has a useful role as an adjunct to mammography. In conclusion, the literature and studies identified above did not lead to a change in the coverage statement; these technologies are still considered experimental, investigational and unproven.
Disclaimer for coding information on Medical Policies
Procedure and diagnosis codes on Medical Policy documents are included only as a general reference tool for each policy. They may not be all-inclusive.
The presence or absence of procedure, service, supply, device or diagnosis codes in a Medical Policy document has no relevance for determination of benefit coverage for members or reimbursement for providers. Only the written coverage position in a medical policy should be used for such determinations.
Benefit coverage determinations based on written Medical Policy coverage positions must include review of the member's benefit contract or Summary Plan Description (SPD) for defined coverage vs. non-coverage, benefit exclusions, and benefit limitations such as dollar or duration caps.


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Great sandals
I love these sandals! I wear a 9.5 in street shoes and wear a 9 in Chacos so i would say go a half size down, especially for skinny feet like I have. Only grief I have is once adujsted properly that the strap for tightning the sandal drags the ground and I step on it all the time. Had to do a little custom fabricating to prevent it from fraying from walking on it.
I have a bad right knee and the sandals support my feet really well and improve my stride so I can walk further without pain, which is a huge plus for a pair of sandals!
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Native American Studies Degree Program Summaries
Explore degree program summaries on Native American studies. Learn about various topics of study as well as popular careers students might pursue. Review continuing education details along with employment outlook and salary projections for professors and historians.
Essential Information
Interdisciplinary programs in Native American studies are available at the associate's, bachelor's and master's degree levels. Graduates may find employment with a tribal community in such areas as social service, government and education. Associate's degree programs last two years and typically offer general education courses in addition to core Native American studies topics. Students expand their knowledge of native languages as well as literature and art.
Those who study at the bachelor's degree level complete an undergraduate research project or an internship experience. Graduates of the associate's program might transfer their credits to this 4-year undergraduate degree program. In addition to advanced coursework, master's degree programs could include areas of concentration. Students at this level must often complete thesis-related research.
Associate Degree in Native American Studies
An associate degree in Native American studies can prepare graduates to work with indigenous populations. Programs are designed to provide students with an understanding cultural changes that have occurred throughout history, as well as social, political and economic issues that affect modern tribal communities.
Program Coursework
Most associate degree programs require general education in math, English, and computers, in addition to degree-specific courses in the humanities and social sciences. Some programs provide the opportunity for students to learn how to speak Lakota (Sioux) or Ojibwemowin (Ojibwe) languages. Core Native American studies courses may also include interdisciplinary topics such as:
- American History
- Art and art history
- Literature
- Indigenous culture
- Contemporary tribal issues
Popular Career Options
Graduates with an associate degree in Native American studies may find entry-level employment in various industries. Possible jobs include:
- Social workers
- Artists
- Filmmakers
- Assistant museum curators
Continuing Education Information
Graduates with associate degrees who want to pursue higher-level positions may consider earning a 4-year degree. Bachelor's degree programs in Native American studies may build on previous training or introduce a broader range of subjects.
Bachelor's Degree in Native American Studies
A 4-year bachelor's degree in Native American studies may consist of classroom instruction, an undergraduate research project and an internship. Internships may be completed locally at tribal schools and museums, or nationally through such organizations as the National Congress of American Indians, the Seneca Gaming Corporation or the Smithsonian Institution.
Education Prerequisites
Typically, students aren't required to hold an associate degree in Native American studies in order to obtain a bachelor's degree in the subject. However, credits from an associate degree program may be transferred.
Program Coursework
Bachelor's degree programs might include a range of Native American studies courses, such as:
- Education
- Tribal government
- Religion
- Cultural preservation techniques
- Storytelling
Popular Career Options
Career opportunities for individuals with a bachelor's degree in Native American studies exist in the areas of government, education and law. Such positions include:
- Community service managers
- Native American affairs advocates
- Tribal school teachers
- Museum program coordinators
- Tribal legal assistants
Continuing Education Information
Graduates with a bachelor's degree in Native American studies who are interested in becoming postsecondary teachers or historians may consider graduate school. A master's degree in Native American studies could lead to a career teaching at a community college.
Master's Degree in Native American Studies
Master's degree programs in Native American studies usually involve completion of an original research project or thesis. Students may choose an area of concentration, such as art history, education, folklore, law, linguistics, sociology or anthropology.
Education Prerequisites
Some schools may require applicants to have a bachelor's degree in Native American studies or a related discipline, such as anthropology or history. Other prerequisites might include letters of recommendation and writing samples.
Program Coursework
Graduate degree programs offer advanced cross-disciplinary courses, including:
- Federal policies
- Tribal economic development
- Prehistoric art
- Ethnomusicology
- Archaeology
Employment Outlook and Salary Info
After graduation, individuals with a master's degree in Native American studies may find employment at 2-year colleges or museums. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicted a 19% increase in jobs for college professors and other postsecondary teachers between 2012 and 2022, which is faster than the average for all occupations (www.bls.gov). The BLS also forecast seven percent (slower than the average for all occupations) job growth for museum technicians during the same period.
The BLS reported that the May 2013 mean wage for ethnic studies professors was $77,550, while historians earned $60,010. As of May 2013, the BLS also listed the mean salaries of $44,330 for museum technicians.
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Pete Tseronis on what will be IPvNext
Tags: mngt , Technology , IPv6 , DoE , IPv6 Working Group
Federal cloud professionals expand partnerships
All over the Federal government, IT experts and their bosses continue the search for new information and wisdom on the topic of cloud computing. On Thursday, attendees at an industry breakfast got a panel discussion from some of the top names in federal cloud computing.
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More urgency for agencies to switch to IPV-6
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IPv6 task force looking at vendor readiness for the change
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Tags: Technology , contracting , Industry , John Curran , Andrew McLaughlin , OMB , CIO Council , American Registry for Internet Numbers , IPv6 , Networx , Internet service providers , Jared Serbu
OMB, CIO Council issues new IPv6 guidance
Agencies must make their data networks compliant with the IPv6 protocol now. The government and private industry face a looming crisis as Internet addresses defined by an increasingly dated technical protocol run out, possibly as early as next year. Agencies must first upgrade external servers to run the new protocol.
Tags: Technology , IPv6 , OMB , Vivek Kundra , Commerce , Larry Strickling , NTIA , American Registry for Internet Numbers , Energy , DoD , Ron Broersma , CIO Council , Max Cacas
New leadership at AFFIRM
Learn more about Pete Tseronis's plans for AFFIRM
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Building Government's Future Infrastructure-"Progress & Best Practices"
August 24th
Program will discuss the progress report on on agency infrastructure modernization at FAA-DISA-Interior, whether concepts such as Virtualization-Cloud Computing & Social networking tools being incorporated in plans, critical issues on optimizing government's infrastructure, lessons learned, and the vision for the future.
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IPv4 running out of room early
IPv4 address space was expected to run out in 2012. It's happening faster than expected.
Tags: tech , Cloud computing , IPv6 , IPv4 , Federal IPv6 Working Group , DoE , Energy , mngt
Tracking the (IPv6) Transition
What should you be doing in order to successfully migrate from IPv4 to IPv6? FederalNewsRadio gets the answers from IPv6 guru Pete Tseronis.
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