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Originally written on Fox Soccer | Last updated 10/15/14
David Moyes says he has money to spend this summer, with Manchester United looking to land 'the best players' around. Having succeeded Sir Alex Ferguson at Old Trafford, Moyes has been released from the transfer shackles which occasionally left him frustrated at Everton . There is no bottomless pit of cash at United, but the Scot claims to have been informed that there are no budget constraints. That has given him the freedom to chase any target he likes, with United reported to still be mulling over approaches for Tottenham Hotspur forward Gareth Bale and former fans' favourite Cristiano Ronaldo - who remains on the books at Real Madrid . Moyes is reluctant to divulge the identity of those on his summer shopping list, but expects to be backed by his board in any decisions he takes. After seeing his first game at the United helm end in a 1-0 defeat to the Singha All Star XI on Saturday , Moyes said: "Isn't it great that the club says, 'There's no budget here, you go get who you...
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In the past decade, the field of molecular biology has become increasingly quantitative; rapid development of new technologies enables researchers to investigate and address fundamental issues quickly and in an efficient manner which were once impossible. Among these technologies, DNA microarray provides methodology for many applications such as gene discovery, diseases diagnosis, drug development and toxicological research and it has been used increasingly since it first emerged. Multiple tools have been developed to interpret the high-throughput data produced by microarrays. However, many times, less consideration has been given to the fact that an extensive and effective interpretation requires close interplay between the bioinformaticians who analyze the data and the biologists who generate it. To bridge this gap and to simplify the usability of such tools we developed Eureka-DMA — an easy-to-operate graphical user interface that allows bioinformaticians and bench-biologists alike to initiate analyses as well as to investigate the data produced by DNA microarrays.
In this paper, we describe Eureka-DMA, a user-friendly software that comprises a set of methods for the interpretation of gene expression arrays. Eureka-DMA includes methods for the identification of genes with differential expression between conditions; it searches for enriched pathways and gene ontology terms and combines them with other relevant features. It thus enables the full understanding of the data for following testing as well as generating new hypotheses. Here we show two analyses, demonstrating examples of how Eureka-DMA can be used and its capability to produce relevant and reliable results.
We have integrated several elementary expression analysis tools to provide a unified interface for their implementation. Eureka-DMA's simple graphical user interface provides effective and efficient framework in which the investigator has the full set of tools for the visualization and interpretation of the data with the option of exporting the analysis results for later use in other platforms. Eureka-DMA is freely available for academic users and can be downloaded at http://blue-meduza.org/Eureka-DMA webcite.
Keywords:GUI; Software; Microarray; Analysis; Differential expression; Pathways; Gene ontology
Since it was first introduced, the use of microarray technology has been growing rapidly. The capacity to survey the expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment was proven to be extremely valuable for gene expression profiling in many fields including basic biological studies; medical diagnostics and personalized medicine; drug discovery and development; toxicogenomics; and cancer research [1-3]. Gene expression analysis has moved well beyond the simple goal of identifying few genes of interest. Other algorithms - for data visualization and profiling, for assessing the involvement of genes in particular molecular pathways and for searching for the enrichment of a common ontology - have all become important approaches, both for the pursuit of hypothesis-driven inquiries and for the generation of new hypotheses. Therefore, efficient analysis and interpretation of the high volume data that is produced from microarrays represents a major challenge; it may become the most formidable obstacle, which biologists face once trying to extract meaningful information from their experiments. Many software-products specifically designed for microarray analysis are available. These range from free simple programs that preform several basic tasks with relatively limited scientific benefit to comprehensive programs, which usually require prior knowledge in statistics; these are also usually expensive and their complicated usability usually restricts their usage to researchers already familiar with the program's interface. Eureka-DMA is an application that combines the simplicity of operation and data management with the executions of multiple analysis tasks to transform the high throughput data into meaningful and understandable information. Eureka-DMA provides algorithms for searching genes with differential expression between groups, searching for enrichment of pathways from KEGG PATHWAY database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html webcite) and enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) terms from the Gene Ontology database (http://www.geneontology.org webcite). Furthermore, it incorporates options for the analysis of time series datasets and expression profiling; all implemented, in an explicit, easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI), designed to provide intuitive control throughout data processing. The accessibility and simplicity of Eureka-DMA, combined with the set of bioinformatics tools for full comprehensive analysis should address a wide range of scientists: specialists, as well as enthusiastic researchers with no prior knowledge in bioinformatics.
General software descriptions, aspects and design
Eureka-DMA software was written in MATLAB programming language and can be run as a GUI in the MATLAB environment or as a standalone Microsoft Windows executable. Currently, multiple effective microarray analysis algorithms are available as MATLAB functions but their usability is restricted to researchers experienced in computer science and familiar with MATLAB's computing environment. In order to provide a unified platform for an extensive interpretation of microarray data, we integrated several MATLAB-analysis tools - either as is or with slight modifications to allow proper usage with Eureka-DMA's GUI - with new tools. Eureka-DMA's main GUI enables simple and quick control throughout the elucidation processes of the input data by the interaction with several other sub-GUIs, all designed to operate with limited user-input. Eureka-DMA's main GUI also includes "ToolTip" explanation elements for the different options, helping less advanced users understand the purposes of the different software components. For programmers and bioinformaticians who might wish to edit the code, the script contains detailed explanations for the embedded functions and is designed to enable easy understanding along with easy accessibility for the implementation of modifications. Last but not least, Eureka-DMA provides with functional annotation files for mouse (M.musculus) and human, allowing the integration of a standalone gene description tool, which enables the withdrawal of the gene's summary paragraph from the NCBI gene database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene webcite) into the main GUI and to generate description reports about genes of interest. The appropriate species is recognized automatically according to the user data file and does not require user input.
Loading and exporting of data
It is necessary that raw data will be input as Windows Excel or text files. These familiar file formats spare users from dealing with multiple and less common microarray files received by different manufacturers and can also be easily obtained by exportation from the various microarray manufacturer company's softwares. When pulling data from microarray databases, such as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) [4] and ArrayExpress [5], small manual adjustments may be required. The download package provides example data files that can be used either as a template or to experiment with Eureka-DMA different options. Results can be exported at any time during the analysis into 'xls', Windows Excel or 'txt' file formats for further process of the data with other external tools. Furthermore, the different visualization tools enable exportation into common figure formats.
Normalization of Raw data
Microarrays are intended to detect the expression level variation between different samples, making normalization an important preceding step to any analysis. A number of normalization methods have been designed to address the many reasons which can lead to non-biological inconsistency between samples. Quantile normalization is one method which is frequently used when interpreting microarray data [6]. Subject to user decision, when a set of arrays is available, this method will make the distribution of the intensities for each array the same; this process can be tracked with the visualization box plot tool in Eureka-DMA main GUI.
Filtering Non-relevant data
Eureka-DMA offers two options for subtraction of transcripts which are expressed below background intensities. 1) User defined p-value threshold: Raw data is comprised with manufacturer specific probe IDs assigned to internal controls for the calculation of detection p-values [7]. When detection p-values are available, the user can set a threshold to filter transcripts with high detection p-values. 2) User defined intensity threshold: In case that detection p-values are not available, the user can estimate and set an intensity threshold to filter transcripts with low intensities, based on prior knowledge (e.g., genes expressed only in brain tissue will have low intensities when liver tissue is tested) or observation of the raw data for the internal negative controls [8]. It is to be noted that for both options, subtraction of transcripts is done only when all the samples do not meet the criteria, thus avoiding the elimination of those transcripts which did not get detected in only part of the samples.
Detecting differential expression among conditions
Eureka-DMA provides several options for the detection of genes that exhibit sufficient variation across measured conditions. Volcano plot-display of significance versus gene expression ratio (fold change) can be created in cases where the data can be divided into two groups, i.e. experimental group and control group [9]. Updating the main GUI for those genes that are considered to be significantly differentially expressed can be initiated through the volcano plot sub-GUI by the user adjustment of the fold change and/or p-value cutoffs. When the data contain more than two conditions, e.g. time series data, a differential expression can be defined by measuring the correlation coefficient r as
Where A = vector of 1 through the number of samples and B = vector of the gene's intensities across samples. Genes that pass the user defined r threshold will be displayed by a rank order, determined by the intra-group variation and the differential expression of the gene between the groups. Additionally, Eureka-DMA provides a filtering option based on minimal variation criteria across samples [8].
Pathway enrichment analysis
Mapping genes on cellular pathways is one of the primary goals in the analysis of transcriptomic data and is very important for inferring biological mechanisms of diverse biological conditions. Eureka-DMA contains a statistical feature that seeks biological and chemical pathways from KEGG pathway database that are significantly over-represented in the user's gene list. With respect to a background set of genes, hypergeometric probability density test [10] is conducted to check whether the number of differentially expressed genes from the user's data was greater than expected by chance. Nominal p-values are assigned and the user can browse through the enriched pathways and create an illustration of the pathway with the differentially expressed genes highlighted. It is to be noted that this analysis can be initiated with any list of genes and is not dependent on any previous analyses.
Functional enrichment of gene ontology
After identifying the differentially expressed genes, one will wish to ascribe them some biological meaning. Identification of significant co-clustered genes with similar properties (i.e. shares a cellular component, a biological process, or a molecular function) can be achieved with the 'Gene Ontology' gene annotation scheme. Eureka-DMA will apply the hypergeometric probability density test [10] to pinpoint GO categories that are statistically over-represented in the set of genes defined by the user's previous analyses. Results may be illustrated as hierarchical graphical displays, which provide the summarization of the significance GO terms. Updating the GO database version can be done automatically by user's choice.
Clustering, classification and visualization tools
Clustering and classification algorithms applied to high dimensional expression data has the potential to provide deeper insight to the underlying data structure and is commonly used when a priori knowledge about specific subgroups is lacking. Eureka-DMA supports several widely used clustering and classification algorithms such as hierarchical and K-means clustering [11-13], as well as probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) [14], all of which can be used in case the data suffer from missing values [15]. Eureka-DMA also provides the following visualization tools: an interactive volcano plot that demonstrates genes with differential expression; a heat-map accompanying the hierarchical clustering analysis; a gene ontology bio-graph showing the terms and their ancestry; an illustration of enriched KEGG pathways; a bar plot; and, finally, box plots that display the differences between all the analyzed entries across all samples or the differences between single entries across the user defined groups. The variety of the provided visualization tools can be utilized separately for their intended use or in combination for quality control and analysis assessment.
Primer design for RT-qPCR validation
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is often used to validate gene expression measurements from DNA microarray experiments. Eureka-DMA offers a primer design tool that can either import the list of genes from the software's main GUI or used as a standalone without the requirement of any previous analyses. The primer design GUI contains various execution options: 1) cDNA sequence data can be imported directly from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank webcite) or be entered manually. 2) The user can choose to apply adjustable filters that control the desire primer's length, G and C nucleotide content, and melting temperature. 3) The user can choose to use additional parameters to filter primers that contain nucleotide repeats and primers that might form secondary structures such as hairpins, dimers and cross dimerization. 4) The length of the desire transcripts is controllable. The impact of individual filters can be observed in a 2 dimensional plot that can also reveal the existence of problematic regions within the cDNA transcript.
Results and discussion
Eureka-DMA has been tested on a number of data sets in order to assess the program's capability to deliver meaningful and relevant biological insights regarding the analyzed data. The results of two such analyses demonstrating the feasibility of Eureka-DMA are reported here. The first dataset contains expression data of 83 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, divided into two groups: responders and non-responders to FOLFOX chemotherapy. The second dataset is obtained from a time series study which assesses the global changes in gene expression patterns, in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus, over a period of 60 days.
Analysis of colorectal tumors of responders and Non-responders to FOLFOX chemotherapy
Publicly available raw expression data for 83 CRC generated using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 platform was downloaded from the GEO online database [4] as two separate DataSet SOFT files. This study [16] describes tumor samples - including 56 primary CRCs and 27 metastatic lesions - that were obtained from different patients before therapy. The investigators divided the samples into training and test sets. The training set was used to identify classifier genes that are able to predict responders to FOLFOX therapy; after which the classifier signature was used on the test set in order to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. Random Forests algorithm [17] was used for the identification of the predictor genes. Since the classifier group of genes was supported by limited biological meaning, we independently applied Eureka-DMA and conducted detailed biological analysis and interpretation. The merged training and test sets data was loaded into Eureka-DMA and subjected to normalization. Based on the intensity values of the chip's internal negative controls, probes with intensity values below 90 across all samples were filtered out. Expression profiles of the 31826 remaining probes, compared across samples by PPCA, revealed obvious separation between primary tumors and metastatic lesions (Figure 1A), placing them in separable regions in the reduced dimensional space. However, when highlighting samples from response and non-response patients (Figure 1B) we observed no distinguishable clusters. Additionally, there was no indication of apparent relation in responsiveness to FOLFOX with primary nor metastatic lesions (Figure 1A and B). By using Eureka-DMA's volcano plot tool, we identified a list of 77 probes that are differentially expressed between responders and non-responders samples by at least 2 fold, at significant levels of p-value < 0.05 (Additional file 1, Figure 2). Interestingly, the 14 classifier genes publish in the original study were effectively able as a set to stratify responders to FOLFOX therapy with high accuracy [16]; however, when checked individually one could see that the expression of these genes only slightly differed between the responders and non-responders groups (fold change < 1.5, p-value < 0.05). Therefore, we are providing here a completely new elucidation of the data and we are strengthening our interpretation with robust published evidence. By investigating the differentially expressed genes with Eureka-DMA's gene description tool we notice that the list can be divided into 3 major groups, all of which contain transcripts with a higher expression level in the non-responders category (Additional file 1, Figure 2). Group 1 consists of 5 probes corresponding to 4 genes. CYP2C9, CYP2E1 and CYP2C8 belong to cytochrome P450s superfamily of proteins, which represents a large class of heme-containing enzymes that catalyzes the metabolism of multitudes of exogenous substrates and participates in their inactivation [18]. FMO3 belong to the flavin-containing monooxygenase enzyme family involved in the oxidation of nucleophilic atoms, which produce more polar substances as a prelude to excretion [19]. Group 2 consist of 40 probes corresponding to 31 genes that encode different serum proteins. In a recently published paper by Hyung et al. [20], profiling of N-glycosylated proteins in the serum of advanced breast cancer patients was performed in order to discover serum biomarkers for chemoresistance. Twenty three proteins were identified to be differentially expressed between patients defined as sensitive and patients defined as resistant to docetaxel and doxorubicin treatment. The expression pattern of several proteins was later validated in independent samples. Interestingly, in our analysis we found transcripts encodes to 10 out of the 23 aforementioned proteins (Additional file 1). Even though patients bearing different type of cancer and under different treatment regimen were investigated, it is very unlikely that these results are consequence of chance (p = 9.29e-20 by hypergeometric probability density test); This is further supported by other studies, which demonstrate elevated expressions of different serum proteins found in our analysis and in patients with chemoresistant tumors [21,22]. Moreover, since different profiling methods were used in the two studies - peptide separation and quantification from patients serum using LC/MS/MS compared with GeneChip microarray of tumor samples - our results also imply that the high levels of several serum proteins found at Hyung et al. study in chemoresistant patient's blood (Figure 3), might be due to the consequence of biological processes that occurred in the tumors rather than patient-inherent causes. Group 3 consists of 12 probes, corresponding to 10 genes, all related to lipid metabolism, transport and/or synthesis. Even though two genes in this group - APOA1 and AMBP were also identified to be elevated in paclitaxel resistance ovarian cell lines [23], the relevance and contribution of these genes to the resistance phenotype as a group is yet to be determined. By using Eureka-DMA pathway enrichment analysis tool we were able to further support our unbiased categorization of the genes into the 3 groups. By setting a threshold of p-value < 0.05 we found enrichment of 17 pathways (Additional file 2) including the complement and coagulation cascades (Figure 4) and PPAR signaling pathway, which were described before to be dysregulated in several tumor types [24] and have been implicated with the formation of resistant prostate cancer in mice [25]. Moreover we found enrichment of pathways involved in xenobiotic and drug metabolism along with multiple other metabolic pathways. This implies that drug resistance in CRC may partially be acquired by processes that regulate drug activity and availability. Taken together, the analysis of the data using Eureka-DMA exposes reasonable and relevant information regarding the comparison made here. Literature mining of several differential genes and pathways, which were highlighted by our analysis, revealed their aberrant regulation in other cancer types under other treatment regimens, suggesting common mechanisms that may regulate drug resistance. Given the strong statistical enrichment of the complement and coagulation pathways along with elevated expression of several drug metabolism genes, suggest the importance of a further examination of the exact underlying molecular and metabolic processes as they may hold the key for understanding FOLFOX resistance in CRC.
Figure 1. Data summarization by probabilistic principal component analysis. PPCA results are provided as two-dimensional representations based on the contribution scores of the first two components. (A) Discrimination between metastatic lesions and primary tumors and (B) between responders and non-responders to FOLFOX therapy is shown as indicated in the color capture.
Figure 2. Volcano plot illustration of the double filtering criterion. 77 probes were significantly differentially expressed by at least 2 folds at p-value < 0.05 between responder and non-responder patients. Through Eureka-DMA's interface, genes were described and assigned to one or more of the different groups indicated.
Additional file 1. Ordered list of differentially expressed genes with theirs corresponding fold change and p-value.
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Additional file 2. Ordered list of significant enriched KEGG pathways.
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Figure 3. Differential expressions of secreted proteins and theirs transcripts. Box plots illustrations of the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles of 3 representative differentially expressed (A) transcripts obtained by Eureka-DMA's analysis and (B) proteins identified by Hyung et al. [20]. In each plot, left boxes indicate expression in the non-responders group and right boxes indicate expression in the responders group.
Figure 4. Changes in gene expression in the complement and coagulation cascades. Illustration of Eureka-DMA's top ranked KEGG pathway. Yellow boxes indicate genes that were found to be differentially expressed between responder and non-responder patients.
Analysis of the lung transcriptome in mice infected with influenza A virus
In order to demonstrate Eureka-DMA's credibility, we applied it to dataset published by Pommerenke et al. [26]. This study was conducted using Agilent's Whole Mouse Genome Microarray 4x44K and recorded gene expression changes in mouse lungs after a non-lethal infection with influenza A virus over a period of 60 days. Pommerenke et al. identified differentially expressed genes by comparing each group of samples, classified by the number of post infection days, to the non-infected, mice-control groups. A cutoff of two-fold change in expression levels was chosen. Density cluster analysis of all the differentially expressed genes was then used to find genes with similar expression profiles. In total, eight clusters were discernible and been subjected to an additional analysis in order to determine over-representation of gene ontology terms. Among the eight, two major clusters were observed. The first is a cluster of genes with a reduced expression starting at day 2 following infection; the expression of most of the genes in that cluster returns to baseline levels following day 14. The second cluster includes genes with an elevated expression starting at day 5, and again, following day 14 the expression of most of the genes in that cluster returns to baseline values. The two clusters were associated with developmental process, vasculature development and blood circulation GO terms and with leukocyte activation, mitosis and T cell activation GO terms respectively. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the credibility of Eureka-DMA by extracting and validating results originated by different analysis tools and methodology rather than performing in-depth biological analysis of mice immune response to influenza A virus infection. Therefore, we choose to focus on part of Pommerenke et al. data, trying to derive similar biologic insights regarding genes which show reduced and increased expression across 14 day's period. The relevant quantile normalized data set was downloaded from the ArrayExpress database [5], uploaded into Eureka-DMA and the samples were categorized into their corresponding time groups by using Eureka-DMA's tool for the detection of differentially expressed genes in time series data sets. A threshold of r < 0.6 was chosen following the filtering of the 50 percent of the probes that demonstrate the lowest variance across samples. This was done in order to also expose genes which do not exhibit perfectly linear expression pattern across time and since the dataset contains uneven group sizes. The identified probes were subjected to K-means clustering which split the data into two clusters that revealed similar expression patterns to the aforementioned clusters demonstrated by Pommerenke et al. [26]. Hierarchical clustering verified the reduced and elevated expression of the genes in these clusters within the 14 days' time-frame (Figure 5). Next, we assigned the clusters with putative functional meaning and identified over-representation of gene ontology terms. Similarly to Pommerenke et al. observations, Eureka-DMA detected enrichment of the developmental process and vasculature development GO terms with several other GO terms related to 'circulatory system' in the gene-cluster that demonstrates reduced expression over time (Figure 6A). Furthermore, we detected enrichment of the mitosis and T cell activation GO terms with several other GO terms related to 'leukocyte's immune response' in the gene-cluster that demonstrates elevated expressions over time (Figure 6B). In this analysis we used different algorithms compared to Pommerenke et al. as well as a different methodology in order to extract information regarding a specific time frame. The analysis described here demonstrates Eureka-DMA's capability to validate results obtained by different tools and its credibility in the detection and interpretation of major expression patterns in highly complex datasets
Figure 5. Hierarchical clustering and heat map of genes which were found to be differentially express across 14 day's period. 2 clusters are specified. At the top, genes that show reduced expression which starts at around day 2 and at the bottom, genes that show elevated expression which starts at around day 5. Log-transformed expression data are mean centered and hierarchically clustered by gene.
Figure 6. Gene ontology structure mapping. Hierarchical illustration of predominant gene ontology terms with respect to (A) the cluster of genes that demonstrate reduce expression over time and to (B) the cluster of genes that demonstrate elevated expression over time. Color coding reflects the terms enrichment p-value.
Eureka-DMA aspires to provide a unified and flexible platform for microarray data analysis, interpretation and visualization, and can be also used as a fast validation tool for results obtained by different analysis methods. It was programmed in MATLAB, exploiting many elements from its various toolboxes while offering friendly integration with other essential features. Eureka-DMA is the only implementation tool to provide the generation of reports that include descriptive biological information regarding genes of interests. It is also the only software for investigation and analysis of DNA microarray data to include a tool for primer design. By its novel outline, this tool allows for a quick access to the inseparable part of RTq-PCR validation that ultimately leads to the complete analysis of the data. The analysis in many other software-products is performed "behind the scene" and provides only final output; this disconnects the user from his data, potentially leading to sub-optimal decisions. Eureka-DMA unique design on the other hand, allows the user to conveniently navigate through the data and understand easily how his actions affect the outcome. Through minimal system requirements and simplicity of interface, these tools can be conveniently applied by a broader range of researchers, including biologists with limited programming or scripting skills. After testing and ensuring its capability of successfully delivering biologically-meaningful and reliable results, it is our hope that Eureka-DMA will be found useful to many other in their various research areas. Eureka-DMA's files and a step-by-step manual are freely available at the software website and are also supplemented as Additional files 3 and 4 respectively.
Additional file 3. ZIP archive file that contains all the software files needed in order to run Eureka-DMA in the MATLAB environment. This archive contains the code.
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Additional file 4. PDF file of Eureka-DMA Tutorial.
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This file can be viewed with: Adobe Acrobat Reader
Availability and requirements
Home page:http://blue-meduza.org/Eureka-DMA webcite
Operating system: Windows, if used as a stand-alone. Application or platform independent, if used under MATLAB.
Requirements: If used under MATLAB: MATLAB 2010a or newer, Bioinformatics, Statistics and Image Processing Toolboxes are required. If used as a stand-alone application, MATLAB Component Runtime (MCR) is required (available to download with the software package).
Other requirements: Internet connection.
License: Free for non-commercial and academic use.
DMA: DNA microarray; GO: Gene ontology; GUI: Graphical user interface; GEO: Gene expression omnibus; PPCA: Probabilistic principal component analysis; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative PCR; CRC: Colorectal cancer; MCR: MATLAB component runtime.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
SA conceived the idea, designed and programmed the software and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
I would like to thank Professor Karl Skorecki (Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel) for critical reading of the manuscript and to thank the Ed Satell foundation for the support during my graduate research.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Like that time the Deerfield Scroll wrote about your getting expelled for streaking.
At 100, in Command
Titan of finance Jamie Dimon doesn't skimp when it comes to security. Dimon, the CEO of JPMorgan Chase, called the scandal that engulfed his bank in 2011 "a tempest in a teapot." He later faced down protesters shouting, "This man is a crook!" from behind a wall of security guards.
The owner of Chelsea FC, Roman Abramovich has a 40-man detail.


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Posted 20 days ago in Manufacturing/Operations
Custom Components & Assemblies, Inc. has an excellent reputation for producing first class quality products that service today Oil & Gas, Power Generation, Renewable energy, and recreational manufacturing sectors. We specialize in providing precision machine work and certified welding of aluminum, carbon steels, alloy steels and exotics as well as mechanical assemblies. Established in 1994, we operate out of a 20,000 sq ft Air Conditioned facility based in Houston, Texas and manufacture highly engineered products supplying clients both domestic and international.
Through continual investment in the latest quality processes that oversee our machining and welding technology we remain a focused company at the forefront of our industry and a top subcontract supplier to an array of different industries.
Come join our team and grow with us into the future of manufacturing.
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I agree to the ZipRecruiter Terms of Use.


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March Against Monsanto, St. Louis Style
Group gathers in Olivette as part of global solidarity effort.
Regional Chamber President Weighs in on Possible ADM Move
St. Louis Regional Chamber President Joe Reagan says St. Louis makes sense because of the plant sciences hub here as well as the investment ADM already has.
Monsanto, Danforth Center Urge ADM to Choose St. Louis
"We're certainly very proud of this region and we're glad to speak for it," Derek Rapp, Mergers and Acquisitions Lead at Monsanto, tells KMOX News.
National Agriculture Groups Urge ADM to Move to St. Louis
A week ago, the company announced its global headquarters is leaving Decatur, Illinois. Under consideration for the new home are Chicago, St. Louis, and Minneapolis.
Slay and Dooley Say They're Working to Lure ADM
"As far as we're concerned, if they come to St. Louis, whether it's the city or county, we're all going to benefit," the mayor said.
Programmers Pair Up To Fill St. Louis Tech Jobs
Jim McKelvey is teaming up with other local innovators and large corporations to pair inexperienced programmers with more experienced ones for a three-month period.
Another Wheat Lawsuit Filed Against Monsanto
Another Kansas farmer has filed suit against seed giant Monsanto over the discovery of an isolated field of genetically engineered wheat in Oregon.
Farmer Sues Monsanto Over GMO Wheat Discovery
A Kansas farmer has sued seed giant Monsanto over last week's discovery of genetically engineered experimental wheat in an 80-acre field in Oregon, claiming the company's gross negligence hurt U.S. growers by driving down wheat prices and causing some international markets to suspend certain imports.
High Court Rules for Monsanto in Patent Case
The justices rejected a farmer's argument that cheap soybeans he bought from a grain elevator are not covered by the Monsanto patents.
Monsanto Plans $400M Expansion in Chesterfield
Monsanto Co. plans a $400 million expansion at its suburban St. Louis research center that could add 675 jobs over the next three years.


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Rama: Labella, allies shouldn't lose committee posts
EVEN if they are in the minority, the three councilors who bolted the administration Bando Osmeña-Pundok Kauswagan (BO-PK) party shouldn't lose their committee chairmanships this Wednesday.
Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama said the councilors shouldn't be stripped of their committee posts since they and the BO-PK are allied under the Liberal Party (LP).
Vice Mayor Augustus Joy Young earlier said if the councilors would ask, the council could amend the house rules to allow the creation of a minority bloc.
But Rama questioned this, saying they and the BO-PK are allied with the Liberal Party (LP).
"It's hard to talk about forming a minority bloc because we all filed our certificates of candidacy under the Liberal Party. We are still a big party and therefore there's no minority," he said.
One of them, Mayor Rama's nephew Councilor Eduardo Rama, said he had long expected to be replaced as public services committee chairman.
"It would not be up to the mayor if he still needed me," the councilor said.
Also expected to lose their committee chairmanships are Councilors Edgardo Labella and Councilor Jose Daluz III. Labella is Mayor Rama's runningmate while Daluz is supporting former congressman and Rama ally Antonio Cuenco.
Labella is the incumbent majority floor leader and chairman of the laws, ordinances, public accountability and good government committee while Daluz chairs the committee on agriculture. Councilor Rama also chairs the information and technology committee.
Mayor Rama said while he respects the council's prerogative to appoint committee chairmanships, this wasn't the case when he was still vice mayor.
The mayor said he was stripped of the chairmanship of the health and education committee when he was councilor under then mayor Alvin Garcia.
When he was vice mayor, Rama said minority councilors had their committee chairmanships.
Rama said the reshuffling of committee chairmanships will affect his preparation of the second Supplemental Budget (SB).
Vice Mayor Augustus Joy Young said they need to reorganize the council because they cannot trust Rama's new allies.
The BO-PK dominated council is expected to elect Augustus Pe Jr. as the new majority floor leader to replace Labella. Pe recently transferred registration in the south district and announced plans to run for councilor in that area. /Doris Bongcac, Chief of Reporters with Correspondent Edison delos Angeles
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- Filed Under
Erin Elizabeth Fisk
Matthew Evan Schoenherr
Robert and Candace Fisk of Springfield are pleased to announce the engagement of their daughter, Dr. Erin Fisk, to Dr. Matthew Schoenherr, son of Mike and Carol Schoenherr of Schofield, Wisconsin.
Erin and Matt are completing a residency in family medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Fox Valley in Appleton, Wisconsin.
A spring wedding is planned on April 26, 2014 in St. Louis, Missouri at the Jewel Box in Forest Park.


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Up for sale here is a very nice , clean 2006 Fleetwood 32' With a slide out handicap accessable travel trailer . These trailers were fema trailers & were temporarily issued to a victim of a hurricane . It has now been picked back up & is made available for purchase to the general public!
get in on the action , save thousands off of what a dealer would charge for a similiar unit!
This one has a queen size bed in the front , a sofa that converts to an extra bed and a free standing table in the kitchen area.
This one has a smooth surface stove , and a microwave along with a residential size fridge.
The bathroom is extra large & will accomadota most any need .
The weight of this trailer is 5500 lbs.
The tires are good & the overall cosmetic & physical appearance on this one is good.
This trailer is located in Picayune , Ms ( South Mississippi ) , Please call Scott @ 601-337-0140 for more information . My direct email address is firstname.lastname@example.com
Mississippi residents add 7% sales tax
Please check out my 100% positive feedback scores , I have been selling on eBay since 2004 , so please bid with confidence .
Thanks for looking !


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Fuse Creativity System Project Guide: Fun Party Themes, Idea for Handmade Cards, And More Paper Crafts from Fiskars
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Ribbon and Button Flowers
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Present moms and teachers with these adorable Ribbon and Button Flowers. Turn them into a cute centerpiece for your dining room table or jazz up a potted plant by sticking these colorful ribbon and button flowers right into dirt. Kids of all ages will love creating these flowers with you, so grab your button stash and some left over ribbon and get ready to create some lovely DIY flowers that are sure to add a touch of summer to your decor, both indoors and out!
- Grosgrain ribbon
- Bright Laura Kelly colored buttons
- Hot glue (I use ad-tech high temp)
- Wooden skewers
Use grosgrain ribbon loops to create petals and then hot glue gun buttons to the centers to add color and hold them together then hot glue the to the non pointed end of the skewer. Flip them over and hot glue a button to the backside so that if they turn around in your garden they will still look cute.
- What a fabulous way to create color in fifteen minutes. These flowers withstand the weather and last all season long. Of course they are pretty indoors too. You could even make a whole pot of just these and never have to water.
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uswahmujahid 25571 77
Jun 01, 2013
they r truly very preety flowers hope u make more & more thing and plz send all those things to my email plz thnx !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- WAS THIS HELPFUL? YesNo
sassy26 8807273
May 19, 2013
The ribbon and button flowers are really cute especially for a little girl's party. You can glue a barrette to the back and when the party is over the arrangement also serves as party favors. They can be wired to a stick and the stick can be wrapped in with floral tape to hide the wire.
- WAS THIS HELPFUL? YesNo
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Rededicated Couples reaps the fruit of his labor
Originally Published: April 27, 2003By David Lefort | ESPN.com
Forgive Fred Couples for cutting short his post-victory TV interview Sunday. After stepping back to enjoy the view from the top of the mountain, he couldn't help but break down as he looked back at the long, steep trail that led there.
''I mumbled a few things, then basically wanted to get ... out of there,'' Couples said, after breaking into tears during the interview on the 18th green. ''I needed to regroup a little bit."
Regrouping has been the theme of 2003 for Couples, ...
Read full story
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Weather Alerts
Woman says she saw no security at Newcomb HallUPDATED 7:22 PM EDT Sep 04, 2012
A woman tells WPBF 25 News she questioned the lack of security at a sweet 16 party where two teens were killed and six other people were injured.
More Video
CommentsThe views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Arla Skyr "the messenger" by Wieden & Kennedy London
Agency: Wieden & Kennedy London
Rating: 5.0
By Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith, marketingmagazine.co.uk, Wednesday, 16 May 2012 11:30AM
The documentary, called 'Ronaldo tested to the limit' and created by oil brand Castrol Edge, shows the player undertaking a series of challenges while under scientific examination.
Castrol Edge is pushing the documentary's release on iTunes this week through a social media campaign called "#RonaldoLIVE" that encourages consumers to sign up to the brand's dedicated Facebook page, www.facebook.com/castrolfootball, and challenge Ronaldo's sporting expertise.
The live-stream will come from a testing facility in Madrid, in which Ronaldo will have to receive, control and shoot a wave of footballs from chutes suspended above his head.
The first 100,000 consumers to connect to the #RonaldoLIVE Facebook app will automatically be entered into a competition to challenge Ronaldo, giving them the power to choose which goals the player must shoot into.
The action will be streamed on both Ronaldo and Castrol Edge's Facebook pages, and a supporting mini-film will be released online next week (23 March).
Castrol is an official sponsor of the Euro 2012 championships and signed Ronaldo up in 2009.
'Ronaldo tested to the limit' was shown on Sky Sports in the UK last September to coincide with the launch of the Castrol Edge brand.
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
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Agency: Wieden & Kennedy London
Rating: 5.0
Agency: Wieden & Kennedy
Rating: 5.0


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Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
< >
- Like the princess who couldn't sleep
because of the pea hidden under her 20 mattresses, more of us are suffering from insomnia. Just a few changes will turn you into a regular Sleeping Beauty, says AMY WILSON-THOMAS
The evidence is in: we are turning into a generation of night owls
– tossing and turning our way to sleep, scrolling through smartphones
at 4am and blinking, bleary-
eyed through the next day – only to do
it all again the following night.
The latest figures show that one in
four people suffers from insomnia ("the inability to initiate sleep, maintain
sleep or waking too early") and that women are nine times more likely tocredits
Photograph: Art + Commerce
Contents –October 31 2013


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This page is undergoing a rework and is still being updated as of 1/10/14.
Thanks for bearing with us.
This website maintained by Jalan and Josh Upton and is currently undergoing a revamp. It was designed and created by Patrick McSweeney.
Hosted by Southampton University Students' Union
The views expressed on this website are not the views of SUSU or the University of Southampton.


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Gran Habano Corojo #5 Czar 5 Pack
6 x 66 - Maduro - Pack of 5
Gran Habano Corojo #5 premium cigars are one of three very affordable blends from this fine boutique brand made in Honduras. These cigars have a full-bodied blend of Costa Rican and Nicaraguan longfillers, Nicaraguan binder, and a dark, juicy Nicaraguan Corojo wrapper. The smoke is creamy, full-bodied, complex in flavor, and well-balanced with a long finish. A true aficionado's cigar that's great after dinner. If you like full-flavored fare, be sure to put these on your *must try* list.
Dark, Robust, full bodied with a sweet and bold taste. I tried a Natural, I tried a #3, but I can t put down Gran Habano s Corojo Numero Cinco Maduro Czars! This is good damn stick, and for under $10, you can t go wrong. The draw is excellent, the burn is superb. I had one that was a little too moist humidity levels were too high in it s humidor only had to re-light it once. I m buying a box this time!


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What is Living Clay?
Download the free booklet "How to Kick-Start Your Day with Living Clay" written by Perry A~
The linked site has been prepared by its authors and editors and state their views accurately, does not promote a particular product manufacturer or brand. This link is to a separate website that does not sale, promote, or otherwise market Living Clay or its products.
Living Clay® has been carefully evaluated and selected as our primary ingredient for its superior qualities.
An Introduction to Living Clay®
Welcome to a brief introduction of our prize ingredient, Living Clay®, a Calcium Bentonite Clay that acts as a support for balancing, cleansing, detoxing and speeding the healing process of the body*.
The Smectite family of clays, which include Bentonites, are called 'living clays' because of their ability to make chemical changes. Smectites are capable of both adsorption and absorption demonstrating the highest Cation Exchange Capacity of all Clay families. This Cation Exchange takes place in the adsorpotion layer of the clay molecule.
Living Clay® is a weathered volcanic ash made up of numerous trace minerals in their natural oxide form that has evolved over millions of years into a super-charged, triple-swelling, green Calcium Bentonite Clay with Montmorillonite properties. Its negative electro-magnetic charge gives it a strong vacuum-like ability to capture and discharge positively charged toxins from the body.
It has the ability to cleanse and detox internally and externally, while at the same time bringing balance and equilibrium to the body through its 9.7 pH and its homeostatic ability.
Living Clay® is tasteless, odorless, non-gritty, and comes from a subsurface mine protected from the elements. It is milled to a 325 screen mesh for a creamy smooth texture when hydrated. The Living Clay Co. provides unparalleled Quality Control to ensure its purity, and caring people to answer your questions.
Simply put, Living Clay® is a catalyst that supports healing. It is used by naturopaths, chiropractors, dentists, massage therapists, holistic healers, and medical doctors for its amazing abilities.*
History of Clay Use
Clays have been used by indigenous tribes since before recorded history.Their medicine men used it as an aid in the healing of numerous ailments. The Christian Bible also makes reference of clay's ability to heal.*
Primary Functions of Living Clay®
- Detoxify – Whether used internally or externally, its strong negatively charged ions pull, hold, and capture positively charged toxins.*
- Cleanse – Internally it cleanses the colon of old fecal matter and mucoid plaque.*
- Balance – Clay is homeostatic, constantly striving to bring the body into balance.
- Alkalize – It has an alkaline 9.7 pH.
- Stimulate – It draws blood flow, oxygen and circulation for cellular repair.*
- Energize – It has an electromagnetic energy that resonates with the life force energy of the body.
Never underestimate what clay can do, directly or indirectly, to support good health.*
Every cell in our body excretes waste material, which can become toxic and poisonous to our bodies if allowed to build up faster than it can be eliminated or filtered out of the body. Therefore, it is imperative to naturally detox to rid yourself of the deleterious effects of impurities and toxins.
Calcium Bentonite Clay therapy is the ideal detoxification treatment because it is both safe and effective. Take control of your body by safely detoxing to help regain and achieve your pinnacle of health!*
We are proud to provide this exceptional Calcium Bentonite clay to our customers. For a guide to understanding Bentonite clay and its uses and applications, we recommend the book Living Clay: Nature's Own Miracle Cure.


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Farmhouse Boschi di Montecalvi - Suvereto
Foreste Delle Casette 99 - Suvereto1-877-662-6988
Welcome to Boschi di Montecalvi!
You will want to pack your swimsuit and towel as this farm house features a seasonal outdoor pool. This farm house has its own restaurant serving lunch and dinner where you will find a selection of items to try.
Staff can provide tour/ticket assistance. Free Wi-Fi is provided so you can check your in-box whenever you like. Other amenities include an area shuttle, a garden and laundry facilities.
The room did not have AC or not even a small fan. It was like to sleep in a Pizza ...Venere Guest, Sweden
These reviews have been left by customers who actually stayed at this hotel
Check Availability at Farmhouse Boschi di Montecalvi
Breakfast at Farmhouse Boschi di Montecalvi
Breakfast is served each morning for a fee.
Farmhouse Facilities at Boschi di Montecalvi
- Laundry room
- Entire property is non-smoking
- Garden
- Shuttle service
- Shuttle service from and/or to the railway station
- Free parking
- Shuttle service from and/or to the airport
- Outdoor swimming pool
- Internet/Email services
- Restaurant/Dining
- City tour
Know before you go
- Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
- This property offers transfers from the airport and train station (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Check-in: between 4 PM and 6 PM.
Check-out: before 10 AM.
PolicyExtra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
City tax and/or any other fees charged by the hotel
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Breakfast fee: EUR 8 for adults and EUR 5 for children (approximately)
- Airport shuttle fee: EUR 125-280 per vehicle (one way)
- Deposit: EUR 200 per stay
- Cleaning/housekeeping/linens fee: EUR 10 per day
- Crib (infant bed) fee: EUR 5 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 10 per day
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the hotel:
- Cleaning fee: EUR 40 per accommodation, per stay
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Renovation and closuresThe following facilities are closed seasonally each year. They will be closed from 16 October to 14 May:
- Swimming pool
Boschi di Montecalvi Farmhouse reviews
- August 2012
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- Sweden
The room did not have AC or not even a small fan. It was like to sleep in a Pizza owen. I was like to live in a barn with just one small window.
- June 2012
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- Austria
This Guest House is a really nice surprised, if you like it quiet. You need about 10 min. by car to suvereto, very nice town, with excelent food option. A very very small breakfast offer for 5,- gives you a wonderful italian coffe, a housemade cake and only dry rusk. not really enough for big eaters. the very nice room in coutry style, with small but clean and beautiful bathroom. a wonderful swimmingpool, with view to the sea. there are 3 dogs from the farmers around, they are very friendly and visited us sometimes in the evening when we were sitting at the terrace.
- June 2012
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- Italy
Loading reviews in other languages...
- April 2012
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- Italy
- September 2012
- Venere Guest
- Family with older children
- Germany
- May 2010
- Venere Guest
- Family with older children
- Switzerland
Boschi di Montecalvi Farmhouse reviews by TripAdvisor
Room Details
Boschi di Montecalvi has 11 guest rooms. Satellite TV channels offer entertainment at the end of a busy day. Additional comforts include air conditioning.
Accommodation Services
- Air conditioning
- Extra beds
- Satellite TV
How to reach Boschi di Montecalvi FarmhouseBy car
From the north take the "Autostrada del sole". After Fidenza follow the directions for "La Spezia" and head towards Livorno. At the end of the autostrada (Rosignano Marittimo) take the motorway to Grosseto, exit at Venturina.
From the south and from Rome take the Roma – Civitavecchia road, then the Aurelia road as far as Grosseto where you continue into motorway.
From Florence take the Firenze-Pisa/Livorno highway and follow the signs to Livorno. At Collesalvetti take the autostrada, direction Rosignano Marittimo.
From Venturina follow the directions to Suvereto. 3.5 km after the hamlet of Cafaggio turn left into a small paved road lined with cypress trees (the turn is just a few km before Suvereto) and follow the signs to Boschi di Montecalvi.
If you need more directions, just call us on your way. We'll be pleased to help you!
By train
By train: it's a 10-minute taxi ride from Campiglia Marittima station.
By airplane
Nearest airport: Pisa airport is less than an hour drive away.
Daily flights with Ryan Air London / Pisa (50 minutes away from our farm).
Distances from Farmhouse Boschi di MontecalviArchaelogical Mines Park of San Silvestro - 2.8 km / 1.7 mi
Cavallino Matto - 12.4 km / 7.7 mi
Baratti Beach - 14.4 km / 9 mi
Archaeological Park of Baratti and Populonia - 15.4 km / 9.6 mi
Acqua Village - 25.8 km / 16.1 mi
Pine Forest Public Park - 39.3 km / 24.4 mi
Palazzina dei Mulini - 39.5 km / 24.6 mi
Pasquini Castle - 39.6 km / 24.6 mi
Quercetano Bay Beach - 39.8 km / 24.8 mi
Villa of San Martino - 44.9 km / 27.9 mi
Castello Sonnino - 47.2 km / 29.3 mi
Castello del Boccale - 49.6 km / 30.8 mi
Galleria degli ex Voto - 50.5 km / 31.4 mi
Santuario di Montenero - 50.5 km / 31.4 mi
Mausoleo di Ciano - 50.7 km / 31.5 mi
The preferred airport for Boschi di Montecalvi is Pisa (PSA-Galileo Galilei) - 70.2 km / 43.6 mi.
Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property's location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 km and mile.
Transportation services Country House Boschi di Montecalvi
- Shuttle service
- Shuttle service from and/or to the railway station
- Free parking
- Shuttle service from and/or to the airport
We have the accommodation you need, all over the world
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text:
The Shape of Sola Scriptura
Book by Keith Mathison
Keith Mathison clearly investigates the development of this doctrine from the days of the early church to the fourth-century assault on it, from its recovery during the Reformation to the relativism and individualism that permeates it in today's teaching. In … Learn MorePaperback $21.00 $16.80 Add to Cart
What's So Great about the Doctrines of Grace?
Book by Richard Phillips
In What's So Great about the Doctrines of Grace?, the Rev. Richard D. "Rick" Phillips shows that "the doctrines of grace," those theological tenets more popularly known as "the five points of Calvinism," are comforting, faith-strengthening, and humbling teachings. In six … Learn MoreHardcover $15.00 $12.00 Add to Cart
Also available in one other format
The Israel of God: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Book by O. Palmer Robertson
Many Christians today are confused over the meaning and purpose of Israel. The Israel of God, Dr. O. Palmer Robertson explores Israel's importance theologically and practically, allowing the whole Bible to define who Israel was, is, and will be. "Palmer … Learn MorePaperback $13.00 $10.40 Add to Cart
The Reformation
Book by Stephen Nichols
Mention history and some might struggle to stifle a yawn. But when presented as a narrative it can often be compelling reading. Stephen J. Nichols takes a key period in time, the Reformation, and presents its major players in a … Learn MorePaperback $15.00 $12.00 Add to Cart
A Better Way: Rediscovering the Drama of Christ-Centered Worship
Book by Michael Horton
Across the spectrum of churches there seems to be a general vagueness about the God we worship and the purpose of worship in the first place. But do we have to settle for either dull routine or perpetual innovation? In … Learn MorePaperback $19.00 $15.20 Add to Cart
Lifeviews: Make a Christian Impact on Culture and Society
Book by R.C. Sproul
As a Christian, you are called to be a witness of Christ's Gospel, to be "the salt of the earth and the light of the world." How can you make that kind of impact in a society filled with darkness … Learn MorePaperback $17.00 $13.60 Add to Cart
Can I Trust the Bible?
Book by R.C. Sproul
There is a common assumption that the Bible is "full" of errors and contradictions, and that its often-unusual people and events render it useless for today. These ideas are fueled by the teachings of scholarly critics, who seem to delight … Learn MorePaperback $4.00 $3.20 Add to Cart
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The Prayer of the Lord
Book by R.C. Sproul
What is the Lord's Prayer? In The Prayer of the Lord, Dr. R. C. Sproul writes, "Jesus' intent was to give His disciples a model prayer, an example to follow, one that would teach them transferrable principles for conversation with God." … Learn MoreHardcover $15.00 $12.00 Add to Cart
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Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms
Book by Donald McKim
A comprehensive one-volume theological dictionary that introduces readers to almost 6,000 terms that might arise in the study of theology. It is a particularly handy reference work for those who are undertaking beginning studies in college or seminary and need … Learn MorePaperback $30.00 $24.00 Add to Cart
Heart Aflame: Daily Readings from Psalms
Book by John Calvin
"Blessed is the man … his delight is in the law of the Lord." John Calvin described the Psalms as "an anatomy of all the parts of the soul." The description is an apt one, says Sinclair B. Ferguson in … Learn MorePaperback $15.00 $12.00 Add to Cart
Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross
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"This book is a theological masterpiece, the most lucid and comprehensive theological analysis and critique of Islam from a Christian perspective I have ever seen. It is invaluable as a tool for understanding the most serious religious challenge to Christianity … Learn MorePaperback $22.00 $17.60 Add to Cart
Choosing a Bible: Understanding Bible Translation Differences
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Of the many Bible translations available today, are some better than others? If so, what criteria can we use to determine what makes a good translation? Leland Ryken introduces readers to the central issues in this debate and presents several … Learn MorePaperback $4.00 $3.20 Add to Cart
Getting the Gospel Right: The Tie that Binds Evangelicals Together
Book by R.C. Sproul
Unity of the gospel is an essential for the Christian. Yet that unity was tested by the release of two documents, Evangelicals and Catholics Together and The Gift of Salvation, which appeared to surrender the historic doctrine of sola fide. … Learn MorePaperback $18.00 $14.40 Add to Cart


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She was preceded in death by her Great-aunt Beatriz Macuba, "Mom", whom she was named after.
She is survived by her father, David Cantrell; Her mother, Erica Casas; her twin brother, Barrett Cantrell; her grandparents, David and Paula Cantrell; Ginger and Lee DeLaune; Jose Casas; Oralia and Darrell Fischer; her aunts, Lisa and Katy Casas; Brandy and husband Russell Johnson; Amanda and husband Ronny Bazan; and many great-grandparents, great-aunts and uncles, cousins, and people who loved her dearly.
Emma was born with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease, the first of many obstacles she would face. After countless nights in the hospital, and several surgeries, she had successfully begun dialysis. She was a fighter and strongly endured all that this entailed. The future looked promising until she was stricken by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), for the second time, which developed into pneumonia. It was in her final invasive procedure, a last attempt to keep her with us, when the Lord mercifully carried her into his kingdom; a kingdom where brokenness is healed, tears are wiped away, and her smile never fades.
A Holy Rosary was recited on Thursday, March 1, at 7 p.m. at Treviño Funeral Home. The funeral mass was celebrated on Friday, March 2, at 10 a.m. at St. Joseph's Catholic Church. Burial followed at Glenwood Cemetery.
Treviño Funeral Home


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P. Sainath
While the number of farm suicides kept increasing, the number of farmers has fallen since 2001, with countless thousands abandoning agriculture in distress.
Although National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data confirm an appalling 1.5 lakh farm suicides between 1997 and 2005, the figure is probably much higher. Worse, the farmers' suicide rate (FSR) — number of suicides per 100,000 farmers — is also likely to be much higher than the disturbing 12.9 thrown up in the 2001 Census.
In the five years from 1997 to 2001, there were 78,737 farm suicides recorded in the country. On average, around 15,747 each year. But in just the next four years 2002-05, there were 70,507. Or a yearly average of 17,627 farm suicides. That is a rise of nearly 1,900 in the yearly averages of the two periods. Simply put, farm suicides have shot up after 2001 with the agrarian crisis biting deeper.
A comprehensive study of official data on farm suicides by K. Nagaraj of the Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS) pins down these and other figures. The data analysed by Professor Nagaraj are drawn from the various issues of Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India, a publication of the NCRB. But Professor Nagaraj also explains some of the reasons why the actual numbers and farmers' suicide rate (FSR) could be far higher.
In 2001, when the farm suicides were not yet at their worst, the FSR at 12.9 was already higher than the General Suicide Rate (GSR) — suicides per 100,000 population — at 10.6. But even this higher suicide rate among farmers conceals a far worse reality. Firstly, the NCRB data seem to underestimate the number of farm suicides. This is because the criteria adopted for identifying a farm suicide at the State level are quite stringent. For instance, women and tenant farmers tend to get excluded from lists of farmers' suicides. In those lists, only those with a title to land tend to be counted as farmers. On the other hand, the Census data are based on a very liberal definition of 'cultivator.'
Categories of cultivators
The 2001 Census gives data on two categories of cultivators: Cultivators among 'main workers' and those among 'marginal workers.' For the first group — cultivators among main workers — farming is the main activity. The second group includes those who practice cultivation only on a sporadic basis. However, both groups get counted as farmers. The net result of this is that while deriving the farm suicide rate from the NCRB and Census data, we are saddled with figures that undercount farm suicides but overcount the number of 'farmers.' Hence a value of 12.9 for the FSR is likely to be way below the mark. As Professor Nagaraj points out, "If we took only the cultivators among the main workers as farmers, the FSR increases dramatically to 15.8 which is nearly one and a half times the GSR of 10.6 in 2001."
Secondly, the FSR is anchored in 2001 because that is the year of the Census. However, it was not one of the worst years in terms of farm suicides. Farm suicides in that year actually fell when compared to the previous year, 2000. But the very next year, in 2002, farmers' suicides leapt by about 10 per cent. And the number of such deaths peaked in 2004. So while the number of farmers' suicides shows a rising trend after 2001, the number of farmers may well have declined.
The trend of a decline in cultivators seems to have begun even earlier. The 1991 Census says there were 111 million cultivators among main workers. This fell to 103 million in the 2001 Census. This decline would surely have sharpened after 2001 as the farm crisis deepened. Certainly farming has no new takers.
As Professor Nagaraj's study shows, the Annual Compound Growth rate (ACGR) for all suicides in India over the nine-year period 1997-2005 is 2.18 per cent. This is not very much higher than the population growth rate. For farm suicides, it is much higher, at nearly 3 (or 2.91) per cent. An ACGR of 3 per cent in farm suicides is more alarming as it applies to a smaller total of farmers each year. This means the farm suicide rate must have shot up after 2001.
Suicides by farmers went up 27 per cent during the 1997-2005 period. But non-farm suicides went up by 18 per cent. Indeed, the general suicide rate declined after 2001 — from 10.6 in 2001 to 10.3 in 2005. Which means the increase in general suicides has not kept pace with the increase in the general population. So by all accounts, while the number of farm suicides kept increasing, the number of farmers has fallen since 2001, with countless thousands abandoning agriculture in distress. Which would mean that farm suicides are mounting even as the farm population slowly declines.
Huge differentials in numbers
Lastly, whether we take the farm suicide rate as 12.9 or 15.8, it is the figure for the country as a whole. That again hides huge differentials in the numbers and intensity of farm suicides across the country. There are States and regions in the country where the FSR is appallingly high. There are regions where it is mercifully still low.
Professor Nagaraj accordingly divided the States into four groups. Group I: States with very high general suicide rates. Group II: States with high general suicide rates and large numbers of farmers' suicides. (This is the most important group.) Group 3: States with moderate general and farm suicide rates. And Group 4: States with low general and farm suicide rates (See Table).
What demarcates the Group II States — clearly the worst hit — is also the trend in suicides, which is most dismal there. This key group includes Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh) and Goa. (The last with tiny absolute numbers.) The ratio of farmers' suicide rate to the general suicide rate was highest in this Group (see Table). The overall ratio of this group is 1.7. Which means the farm suicide rate in these States is 70 per cent higher than it is in their whole population.
Of the major States, Maharashtra has the worst figure with a ratio of farmers' suicide rate to general suicide rate of 2.0. That is, one hundred per cent higher. This is followed by Karnataka with 1.6. Of the smaller States, Kerala (from Group I) has the awful figure of 4.7. But it also shows a decline from 2004. Puducherry shows up as the worst with 15.4. Of course, the last two have smaller absolute numbers.
The trend for Group II is most dismal. The AGCR for farm suicides in these States for the 1997-2005 period was 5.33. Or nearly double the national figure of 2.9. And if this trend holds, farm suicides in this group as a whole would double every 13 years. Among these States, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh would fare even worse.


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47 CFR 22.711 - Provision of information to applicants.
Licensees in the Rural Radio Service must, upon request by a bona-fide prospective applicant, provide to such applicant the information required by § 22.709 regarding the portion of the licensee's operations that potentially could affect, or be affected by, the prospective applicant's proposed station, if such information is not already on file with the FCC. This information must be provided to the bona-fide prospective applicant no later than 30 days after receipt of the information request.
[59 FR 59954, Nov. 21, 1994]
Title 47 published on 2014-10-01
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 47.
For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
Title 47 published on 2014-10-01
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 47 CFR 22 after this date.


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Computers at Accuscore have run the simulations and it's coming up with good news for the Saints. After all the scenarios have been run hundreds of times, the computers have the Saints with 11.8 wins and 4.2 losses. Of course, in real life you can't divide the games, so let's just say 12-4.
They also give the Saints a really good shot at making the playoffs.
And, they like the Saints in the opener against Minnesota.
Of course, these great expectations tend to come when you just won the Super Bowl.


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Updated 10/15/2014
This inn, run by a park-service concessionaire, has motel-like rooms in a spectacular setting, at 5,000 feet. Although an inn has been on this site since 1919, most of the present structures were built in 1964. Rooms have small porches or balconies with rocking chairs. The restaurant has great views and serves mountain trout, along with burgers and other tasty fare.
Blue Ridge Pkwy., MM 408, Waynesville, North Carolina, 28786, United States
Website: www.pisgahinn.com
Hotel Details:
Updated 10/15/2014
By tanyaroche
Oct 18, 2011
We stayed here for one night in late September 2011 with our two young kids, and everything was great until I tried to take a shower in the morning. The tub would not drain and the hot water was intermittent for a few minutes until it stopped completely, which meant I had to finish my shower with very cold water. When I reported this to the office (twice), they sent a maintenance man who fixed the clogged drain but didn't believe me about the intermittent
hot water. When I spoke with the general manager Ron Miller, he told me it was impossible that I took a cold shower, basically calling me a liar. So everything's nice here until you have a problem--and then don't expect any help or even any courtesy.
By trekteri
Sep 18, 2011
I can't speak to the quality of the Inn,but the restaurant.....Half hour wait for the table then it was TWO MORE HOURS before we got our food and it was STONE COLD !!!! Half of our orders were messed up. It was the Worst Dining Experinece I Have Ever Had!!!! Unbeievably Terrible Service and when this was brought to the atention of the Manager, Nothing Was Done except to remove the gratuity from the bill !!!! In my opnion, if you want to experience
the WORST Food and Service On The Planet, then by all means, feel free to waste your time and money here.
No Thanks


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NASA | Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Trailer
December 11, 2008
Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) is a suite of instruments developed for use on the Mars Science Laboratory. By looking for evidence of water, carbon, and other important building blocks of life in the Mars soil and atmosphere, this suite will help answer one of humankind's biggest questions about the planet: did it ever support life? SAM was designed and built in an international collaboration between Goddard Space Flight Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the University of Paris, and Honeybee Robotics. credit: NASA
Topics: Environment, Technology Internet, Mars exploration, Space, Space exploration, Mars Science Laboratory, Honeybee Robotics, Mars Exploration Rover, Mars, Goddard Space Flight Center, Spaceflight, Spacecraft, NASA, Unmanned spacecraft, National Aeronautics and Space Administration


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Air Force Airman James E. Turnball graduated from basic military training at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, San Antonio, Texas.
The airman completed an intensive, eight-week program that included training in military discipline and studies, Air Force core values, physical fitness, and basic warfare principles and skills.
Newton City Council member Wes Weaver hopes Newton citizens have recognized his hard work and will express that in November by voting to keep him on the Newton City Council.
The Wal-Mart stores in Hickory and Conover are once again allowing their "Build A Backpack" school supply drive to blend with Catawba County United Way's Volunteer Center's "Stuff the Bus" school collection effort.
"Good Luck to the USA," the theme of the 124th annual Soldiers Reunion patriotic festival, will be carried out by the youngest generation of Catawbans when toddlers and tykes are spotlighted in their own parade on Courthouse Square in Newton on Wednesday, Aug. 14.
CR Laine Furniture has begun construction to expand its facilities by 42,000 square feet in order to accommodate the company's growth.
Council member Robert C. Abernethy, Jr. is seeking a second term on Newton City Council.
Seven candidates called it close by waiting to the last morning to file for the 2013 municipal elections with the Catawba County Board of Elections on Friday.
The deadline was noon, and the last candidate filed just after 11:30 a.m.
The filing period started at noon on Friday July 5.
A couple was arrested on multiple felony charges after law enforcement found various illegal drugs in a Conover area residence.
An investigation led the Catawba County Sheriff's Office to obtain a search warrant on Wednesday for a residence at 1581 Glimmering Sand Lane, said Sheriff Coy Reid.
Soldiers Reunion Cruisin', one of the popular events of Newton's annual Soldiers Reunion patriotic festival, this year will feature the music that America hummed, sang and danced to when the classic cars featured in the cruising were new. The afternoon-into-evening display and cruise is set for Sunday, August 11.
Authorities say a Conover man has been arrested as an accessory after the fact in connection to the June 10 shooting death of Jerrod Mason.
According to sheriff department reports, Marcus T. Kennedy, 30, of 2324 Edna St.,


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HBO and Friends Want Their Own Pipes for Internet TV
Just when you thought the net neutrality debate had died down, a band of content providers now want special treatment. The Wall Street Journal reports that HBO, Sony, and Showtime are asking internet service providers to be treated as "managed" services. In other words, they want dedicated bandwidth for their video… »


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Customer Reviews
- Excellent work pants! Review by ninjadee
Quality Price Value
these pants were purchased for my son who is a truck driver and they are excellent work pants. they are sturdy and can take a beating. he states they are a comfortable fit and they give him the freedom to load and unload his flatbed without difficulty.
(Posted on 3/6/2015)
- Good Review by Dave
Value Quality Price
A great deal for the money. Fast shipping as well.
(Posted on 2/9/2015)
- Great Pants! Review by Customer
Price Value Quality
Got my order quickly and exactly what I wanted. Thanks. Will order again.
(Posted on 1/8/2015)
- Shopping Made easy! Review by Linda Campbell
Price Value Quality
My online shopping was made easy-thanks! I love the live assistance and the peace of mind that Rural King offers additional security measures! I will definitely shop this method again.
(Posted on 12/30/2014)
- good quality for the price! Review by Derek
Value Quality Price
real comfortable pair of jeans. Will purchase more in the future.
(Posted on 12/18/2014)
- Bring back the old style! Review by Greg
Price Value Quality
The fit of these jeans is not good... too straight and baggy in the leg, too low in the rear pockets, front pockets way too shallow. The old style was great, I bought them exclusively for years! Guess i'l be looking for a new brand if the old style and quality doesn't make a return.
(Posted on 11/26/2014)
- Poor work Quality Review by Paul
Quality Price Value
These carpenter jeans are strictly for looks. Rear pockets are too low. If you carry a wallet it is under your thigh when you sit down. Zipper is too short. Side tool pocket is small making it hard too get tools in or out. Cheap but not worth the cost if you are using them for work.
(Posted on 10/24/2014)
- Good fitting and quality Review by DJ
Value Quality Price
Wow. When I tried these on I couldn't believe the fit and quality. Better than any Levi jean made today in my opinion. Truly 100% cotton and not the cheap material used by the larger brand names today and the price is amazing.
(Posted on 10/19/2014)
- jeans Review by william
Price Value Quality
Love the jeans they great shipping is fast can't asks for a better carpenter jeans then these I had ddifferent jeans before and these carpenter jeans are better then all then one I tried .customer services was very helpful to me thinks all kindest regards about the jeans .I love RK I wish they had one out her in Stafford AZ .
(Posted on 10/8/2014)
- Nice jeans Review by Greg from Arlingon, WA
Price Value Quality
Great bang for your buck!!
(Posted on 10/1/2014)


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I bit and bought a set that are now available on ebay. I don't have them yet but I'll post a picture when I get them. They run a 1/4" hex which I don't know how to adapt yet. Also, it looks like they are offset quite a bit which gives the truck a funky look. Therefore I'm going to put the old slayer suspension arms back on to make it look more proportional.
Has anyone else bought these now that they are available again? Any ideas how to use the 1/4" hex?


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Food Flashes
Food Flashes focuses on what's happening in the dining community, from restaurant openings and closings, to chef changes, to heart-healthy menus to kids' specials.
Posts by Author
Coming soon: Augie's Alamo City BBQ
Augie Cortez, owner of Augie's Barbed Wire Smokehouse, 3709 N. St. Mary's St., has applied for a sales tax permit and a liquor license for a new establishment, Augie's Alamo City BBQ. The sign for the liquor license permit is posted at 909 Broadway, which says his company is applying for permits to served mixed […] [Read More]
Fodor's lauds Bakery Lorraine
Bakery Lorraine, 511 E. Grayson St., has been named as one of Fodor's 10 top bakeries in the United States. The travel organization cited the "attention to detail and a passion for pastry" from owners Anne Ng and Jeremy Mandrell. Check out their mention here. [Read More]
Bolner's Fiesta recevies honor, launches products
Bolner's Fiesta Products, 1393 N. Brazos St., is receiving an award and launching new products on Tuesday. The company, which is celebrating its 60th anniversary, will receiving the Texas Treasure Business Award. State Sen. Leticia Van de Putte will present the award during a ceremony on Tuesday. "I can't imagine a kitchen without Fiesta spices," […] [Read More]
Jo Street hits 35
Josephine Street Café, 400 E. Josephine St., celebrates its 35th anniversary in business this month. It's just in time for the start of the NBA playoffs, and the restaurant is again offering its free bus rides to and from Spurs' home games. The free rides are for patrons who dine in or take their […] [Read More]
Farm dinner at Tuk Tuk Tap Room
Tuk Tuk Tap Room, 1702 Broadway, is teaming with producers from the Quarry Farmers & Ranchers Market for a farm dinner showcasing the flavors of Southeast Asia. This comes just a few months after chef and co-owner David Gilbert spent several weeks visiting and doing research in Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar. The three-course family-style […] [Read More]
Chef collaboration at The Granary
The Granary 'Cue & Brew, 602 Avenue A, is hosting Scott Anderson, chef and co-owner of elements, a critically- acclaimed restaurant in Princeton, N.J. Anderson is a two-time James Beard Foundation nominee for Best Chef Mid-Atlantic. He and The Granary's Tim Rattray will present a new spring menu. The dinner takes place May 19, with […] [Read More]
Mid-Point Grill now open
Mid-Point Grill, 1017 N. Flores St., is now open. It serves a straightforward menu that includes beef burgers, bison burgers, chicken breast, a porterhouse pork chop and a 14-ounce bone-in rib-eye, and all the vegetables are organic, with natural meats. Prices range from $6.99 to $26.99 for the rib-eye. It's open from 11 a.m.-9 p.m. […] [Read More]
Tapa Tapa truck owner to open restaurant on N. St. Mary's
Rudolfo Martinez, the chef and owner of the Tapa Tapa truck, will open his first restaurant later this summer. He's creating his business at 2327 N. St. Mary's St., and focusing on a "super seasonal" approach to his ingredients and focusing on "Texican style." It will serve composed plates and shared proteins, with many items […] [Read More]
The Clean Plate hosting Slow Food dinner
The Clean Plate, 1022 N. Main Ave., and Slow Food South Texas are holding a dinner at the restaurant April 22 to celebrate Earth Day. The restaurant, which offers local, seasonal and sustainable dishes, will offer a menu of appetizers that cost from $5-$7, with entrees ranging from $14-$22. And there will be a door […] [Read More]
San Antonio team competing on 'BBQ Pitmasters'
JD's Team Extreme BBQ from San Antonio will compete on an episode of BBQ Pitmasters that airs at 8 p.m. Saturday on Destination America. The episode, "Lone Star Smoke War," features San Antonio pitmaster JD Davidsmeyer competing against Junior Urias of Midland and Matt Pittman of Meat Church in Fort Worth for the title of […] [Read More]
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Union's Discharges Feed Crops
By Doug Page Staff Writer
UNION — John Applegate doesn't want any of Union ending up in the Stillwater River. Toward that end, the Union native and longtime city manager has been paring away at the city's discharges from its sewage treatment plant. From 1967 through the 1990s, the city bought up river bottom land. Initially, it was used for the city well fields as well as for crops. Eight to nine years ago, the city shifted from row crops to prairie grass. "We went to grass to bring back the wildlife," Applegate said this spring. Then, the grasses were barely ankle high, pushing their way through the flood silt. By July, the 60 acres of well field were hip high in grass. "The roots of these grasses are down 12, 13 feet surrounding our water wells," he said. The root system acts as a natural filter of pollutants. The city aggressively pursued more land, now controlling around 200 acres along the Stillwater, most in prairie grasses. It has eight fields in row crop on benches above the river's floodplain. Each of the fields has an in-ground irrigation system with 6-foot standpipes topped with a high-capacity sprinkler head. For the past 22 years, the city has been irrigating the fields with a musty, brown mist — 99 percent water direct from the citizens of Union.
It's called high-quality effluent by regulators — highly treated sewage.
"It is one of the most regulated and monitored" discharges, said Paul Novak, manager of the state Environmental Protection Agency's solid waste permits and compliance section. It's as clean as you can make sewage.
Rather than discharging into the river, Union puts it on crops.
"Right now, we have zero discharge (into the river) from the (treatment) plant about six months a year," Applegate said.
Each of the fields can take 23,000 gallons a day.
That has saved the city tens of thousands of dollars over the years.
Most cities must pay to have their sewage solids hauled to a landfill.
Eventually, Applegate sees the row crops replaced again by the prairie grasses.
"I used to swim in the river," Applegate said. "I used to fish in the river. It just makes sense to do it this way."
Contact this reporter at (937) 225-2290 or email@example.com.
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