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Search Tags: Center for Strategic & International Studies
Thornberry's first bite at DoD reform seeks to boost acquisition workforce, cut its paperwork
Rep. Mac Thornberry (R-Texas), the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, said the acquisition proposals he will release on Wednesday are merely a discussion draft and he's actively seeking more input. Initial language would boost program managers' roles in the system and shave reporting requirements.
Tags: DoD , Congress , Mac Thornberry , acquisition , acquisition reform , House Armed Services Committee , Jared Serbu
DoD's Work implores Congress to stop the madness,' warns of further cuts to readiness
The military has made some progress in reversing the training and maintenance shortfalls it underwent when sequestration first took hold in 2013. But Deputy Defense Secretary Robert Work said those gains will quickly reverse themselves if Congress lets the budget caps return next year.
Tags: DoD , sequestration , budget , Readiness , Research and development , Robert Work , Jonathan Greenert , Jared Serbu
DoD in denial about budget future, experts say
Defense budget watchers say despite abundant evidence to the contrary, the Pentagon appears to believe it will eventually get most of its funding wishes over the coming few years. "Whether [sequestration] stays in place for nine more years is an open question, but it's certainly going to be in place for the foreseeable future," said Mackenzie Eaglen, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.
Tags: sequestration , DoD , budget , American Enterprise Institute , Stimson Center , Center for Strategic & Budgetary Assessments , Mackenzie Eaglen , Todd Harrison , Gordon Adams , Clark Murdock , Jared Serbu
Federal Drive Interviews -- Dec. 21, 2012
NORAD fills us in on how it's tracking Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. David Berteau of the Center for Strategic and International studies reviews the State Department's rough week. Ed Hardy of Brighthand.com talks about a good move by the maker of BlackBerry. Dr. Jacques Gansler of the University of Maryland discusses the acquisition challenges the government will be facing in the coming years.
Tags: Bill Lewis , NORAD , DoD , DoD Report , Cybersecurity , Cybersecurity Update , David Berteau , Ed Hardy , Brighthand , State Department , ICE , Jacques Gansler , acquisition , Federal Drive
Federal Drive interviews -- May 30
David Berteau of the International Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies discusses a lawsuit on women in combat. John Palguta of the Partnership for Public Service talks about a job-satisfaction report. Jeremy Herb of The Hill newspaper reviews the latest veterans issues being discussed on Capitol Hill. Mindy Eisenberg of the EPA reveals a new program to help find veterans jobs.
Tags: Federal Drive , John Palguta , Partnership for Public Service , David Berteau , Jeremy Herb , The Hill , Mindy Eisenberg , EPA , DoD , pay and benefits
TSA evolves beyond "everyone's a terrorist" approach
Rick "Ozzie" Nelson, director of homeland security and counterterrorism at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, ponders the TSA's evolving role in keeping the transportation system secure.
Tags: TSA , Rick Nelson , DHS , Best Places to Work 2011 , Federal Drive , security , 9-11
Defense Policy for the Future
Tags: Michele Flournoy , CSIS
IMF head's private life camouflaged by success
Reginald Dale, senior fellow in the Europe Program at the Center for Strategic & International Studies and director of the Transatlantic Media Network
Tags: Reginald Dale , Transatlantic Media Network , Dominique S , International Monetary Fund
Tide seems to favor pro-Gadhafi forces in Libya
Mark Quarterman, senior adviser and director of the Program on Crisis, Conflict, and Cooperation at the Center for Strategic & International Studies
Tags: Mark Quarterman , Moammar Gadhafi , Program on Crisis, Conflict, and Cooperation , Libya
Paul: new strategy for Information Sharing Environment
Changes are coming to the ISE, and Program Manager Kshemendra Paul will take suggestions anywhere he can get them.
Tags: In Depth , Francis Rose , Kshemendra Paul , Information Sharing Environment ,


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Hungry… How About A "T-REX" Burger From Wendy's
This looks like a "Man vs. Food" challenge, but it's Wendy's new "T-REX" burger.
This looks like a "Man vs. Food" challenge, but it's Wendy's new "T-REX" burger.
Jared Fogle lost more than 200 pounds eating Subway sandwiches 15 years ago. Today, the Subway pitchman has an estimated net worth of...
Do you find yourself looking at your checkbook and bank statements asking yourself, "Where is all my money?" Happens to me all the time. Here, a few areas you may be wasting money and ways to keep your money where it belongs: In your wallet.
When I first saw this story on heat-resistant chocolate I thought, "What a stupid idea!", but then I see why and now I feel stupid.
To paraphrase the late Robert F. Kennedy, some people would ask 'Why put sloppy joe meat into a deep-fried, glazed donut shell?' but Charlie Boghosian asks 'Why not?' Boghosian, known to many fans of fair food (and presumably their cardiologists) as "Chicken Charlie," debuted a Krispy Kre
If you're the grill-master at your house, there's some common mistakes you need to watch out for or risk being ridiculed by your friends and neighbors.
It's Homer Simpson's favorite day. Today is traditionally National Donut Day and it has been for an incredible 75 YEARS! Buying a donut today at a local grocery store chain will help the efforts of The St. Cloud Salvation Army.
I was the pickiest eater when I was a kid and I know more than a few kids who are picky eaters and some who, like me only want junk food. Here are a few yummy foods that are good for the little ones -- and it's all things they'll eat!
If summer ever gets here and it stops raining, it's a great time to throw a party. Heck, we should throw a party if it stops raining and the sun comes out for more than a few hours. If and when that happens, here are some tips to throwing a great summer party.
Memorial Day weekend is here. That means summer time and grilling season are fast approaching. Hot dogs, burgers and chicken breasts are some of the more popular items on the cook out menus, but here are a few different and creative foods you can cook on the grill that will make your party stand out from the rest.
As we get older, we get wiser, but our metabolism slows down. Here are some wise foods to chew on to help speed up your metabolism.
You probably go to the grocery store once a week, or once every two weeks. Then, when you go to use produce, how angry are you when you pull it out of the fridge and it's spoiled? Here are a few ways to keep your produce fresh.

subset: commoncrawl


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Effect of intrinsic motivation on consumer brand evaluation: the influence of motive, involvement, and need for cognition.
The competition in motorcycle industry is very high, according to the amount of new comer in the industry. Competition was not in price only, because the manufacturer offer their product in the same price relatively. In the marketing perspective, there was a challenge, primarily in compiling the effective marketing communication strategy.
Marketing in this time occupied by potential information integration and communications technology till exploiting of database of consumer and internet marketing. Billion of potential consumer at this time can be accessed at this time. Nevertheless, perception of summary to the marketing practice in internet indicate that some company run the aggressive action like pop-ups, using advertisement of banner and hyperlinks and also other format from mechanism which impinge with the personal facility.
Short-term idea will push the company up at shorter campaign and plan the advertisement, this matter will push the company up at off colour business practice or digress. This things can be transferred by company which adopting proactive ethical behavior from consumer. In order to adopting stance which proactive like that, company have to develop an ethical interactivity model with consumer.
The model of ethical interactivity was introduced and discussed by a former research develop seven different matters, namely: notice, choice, access, contact, security, horizon, and intrusiveness. The real interpretation from the things instruct at consumer enableness to create the big added significance for the company of and for the consumer (Gauzente and Ranchhod, 2001).
Growth of amount of motorcycles in Indonesia is very fast and become the interesting phenomenon in the last decades. To the number of product which on the market in so many brand have peeped out the immeasurable desire. Immeasurable desire of course also driven the consumer buying behavior becoming complex progressively. One of the product which is in course of complex buying decision, is otomotive product otomotif, e.g. motorcycles. New brand appearance in this time have made the consumer given on more choice, what it is, of course, also will improve the complexity process buying decision.
Research concerning of buying behavior is more emphasizing at the influence of individual involvement, motif, NFC (need for cognition), and intrinsic motivation had by a consumer in brand evaluation. Decision in purchasing very depend on consumer involvement in course of its purchasing, for the process of low involvement process the decision also modestly, while the process needing high buyer involvement intensity, making decision process become more complex. In course of complex decision, consumer evaluate the existing product in detail and comprehensive, more information searched and more product evaluated from other purchasing situation type.
According to Assael (2001), complex purchasing situation oblige the consumer to conduct the evaluation to existing product in more detailed and comprehensive. Thereby complex purchasing decision more destined to product with the category:
--Costly price
--Relate to the performance risk, like health product, vehicle (car and motorcycles)
--Complicated, like CD player and computer
--Relate to the someone ego, like clothes and cosmetic.
Naturally, purchasing of product not only representing the condition of complex buying decision process, more important is available of time which is last for developing information seeking and its processing. Complex buying decision will not be happened if decision has to be made quickly. Other condition in complex buying decision is the existence of adequate information to evaluate the alternative brand. Consumer sometime delays its decision for asymmetric information. Besides, the decision postponement happened by so much characteristic and product feature. The mentioned mean that the complex buying decision also entangles the consumer ability to process the information (Assael, 2001). Complex purchasing decision become to draw to be studied farther because in its process entangle the more input, exogen and endogen variable.
Research Problem
Change that happened and also more number of product variant which on the market will cause the information about product quality had by consumer becoming not complete, this matter will cause at intrinsic motivation to conduct brand evaluation and also at desire to buy, because consumer buy the product in an incomplete information regarding the alternative product generally.
Thereby, research problems is brand evaluation conducted by consumer, influenced by individual involvement, motive, NFC (need for cognition), and intrinsic motivation. Related to the research problems, hence this research is conducted to study how situation in brand evaluation influenced by individual involvement, motive, NFC, and intrinsic motivation. Research question which is related to the mentioned shall be as follows:
1. Are the intrinsic motivation of consumers in brand evaluation influenced by individual involvement, motive, and NFC?
2. Is brand evaluation conducted by consumer influenced by its intrinsic motivation?
Pursuant to the research question, this research is addressed to:
1. examine the influence of individual involvement, motive, and NFC each other in individual intrinsic motivation;
2. examine the influence of intrinsic motivation to consumer brand evaluation
There are some contribution from this research, joining paradigm of examination of guide exploiting with the procedure used typically in persuasion (e.g. manipulation between involvement and motive). First, do not same to the most research in a past, this research examine the information processing in brand assessment. Second, do not as research about information processing assuming that involvement (as personal relevance) directed only by utilitarian motive, in this research we examined the influence of individual involvement, motif, and NFC by each other at intrinsic motivation. Besides, is also examined the influence of intrinsic motivation at consumer brand evaluation activity.
Thereby, science contribution from this research is enhancing the knowledge of concerning pattern of relation and influence of individual involvement, motive, and NFC and also mediation role from intrinsic motivation at brand evaluation. Despitefully, result of this research is expected can give the information to all researcher hereinafter, the core important in explaining relation between individual involvement, motive, NFC, and intrinsic motivation in brand evaluation.
Result of this research is expected to give the worthwhile information in the field of marketing science, especially about respective consumer behavior with the relation pattern between individual involvement, motive, NFC and also intrinsic motivation in its relation with the brand evaluation, especially among college student.
Literature Reviews
This chapter is conducted by study to the former research regarding the information processing in brand evaluation conducted by consumer pursuant to objective value. Primary factor which is explored as constraint of information processing is intrinsic motivation from consumer to evaluate the brand. Intrinsic motivation which explored more circumstantial with the focus at individual involvement, motive, and NFC.
Theoretical Framework
Decision making processes conducted by consumer in buying product cannot be assumed similar each other. Purchasing for convenience goods (e.g. soap) and the purchasing goods which have high performance risk (e.g. otomotive product) owning different process. Assael (2001), developing a tipologi for decision-making processes in two dimension, namely (1) decision making level; and (2) level of consumer involvement in purchasing. Engel et al. (2004), said information processing by consumer consisted of five phase, that is: (1) Appearance: a contiguity attainment to stimulus as an opportunity to activation one or more someone sense; (2) Attention: allocation of incoming stimulus processing capacities; (3) Interest: stimulus interpretation; (4) Acceptance: a level showing stimulus influence to knowledge and/or someone attitude; and (5) Retention: evacuation of stimulus interpretation into long-range memory of someone.
Individual Involvement
Zaichowsky (1985) said that individual involvement as a personal relevance to the object which perceived to requirement which is separated, namely value and interest, and also develop 20 item scale (Personal Involvement Inventory / PII) to measure the long-range involvement with product. Beatty and Smith (1987) defining ego involvement (long-range involvement) as product importance to individual and individual concept, value, and individual ego. They also found that consumer is more involved with one product category make the worse objective value choice, and they use their finding for the consumer of entangled highly become more influenced by image and prestige because they have the more self concept in the product. They found that consumer with low-involvement and high product knowledge makes best value choice.
Foxall and Pallister (1998), they examine of consumer involvement in financial service, compare PII (Personal Involvement Inventory) with PIS (Purchase-decision Involvement Scale), found that in financial services there is two interested things, emotional structure and rational structure in the decision to purchase the product of financial services.
Aldlaigan and Buttle (2001) found that under PII scale; mortgage, investment and usage of automatic teller machine are high involvement services, while the usage of saving account, personal loan, cheques, overdraft, and switch card are medium involvement services, at the other hand under CIP (Consumer Involvement Profile) investment, mortgage, and saving account are high involvement, while personal loan, overdraft, switch card, cheques are medium. Consumer involvement show the consumer interest at one particular product or service, situation, communications and also represent a situation or condition which different each other between individual (Neese et al., 1995).
Motive is common motivation directing consumer behavior to fulfill its requirement. The difference between consumer situation at the moment with a purpose to which wish reached, needed by a stronger motivation to act in fulfilling its requirement. The motivation bring the impact directly to benefit criterion used by consumer in brand evaluation (Assael, 2001). Two motive, namely utilitarian and expressive, always exist in consumer behavior, especially when related to an information processing. Utilitarian oriented at functional benefit from one product or brand; while expressive oriented at benefit of social-symbolic or self image from product or brand.
Need For Cognition
Need for cognition (NFC) is representing an individual tendency to enjoy and involve to think (Cacioppo and Petty, 1982; Bolton and Capella, 1995). Their result shown that someone with higher NFC tend to cognitive thinking and elaborate the relevant information while they have to act than the lower one. Need for cognition (NFC) as an individual cognitive differences is a controversial phenomenon, in which usually debating at the first time it is founded by Festinger in 1957, that NFC having an effect on the decision-making processes by individual, and also very potential influence the consumer attitude hereinafter and satisfaction obtained in purchasing decision (Soutar and Sweeney, 2003).
When someone behaves the cognitive misers, in general, prefer to scrimp than interspersing energy in thinking, and also because of usage of brand information in evaluative task of duty entangle the cognitive efforts, hence cognitive difference will influence the motivation in evaluating brand. Individual with higher NFC prefer to think and choose information in behaving than a lower one. High NFC will influence the process evaluate the brand by consumer (Cacioppo and Petty, 1982; Bolton and Capella, 1995; Mandrik, 1999).
Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation relate to the energy, direction, result on all aspect of activity and intention. Though intrinsic motivation is sometimes considered as a single construct, someone can be motivated because they have intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation (Ryan and Deci, 2000). Zuckerman et al. (1978), defining intrinsic motivation as someone requirement to feel the interest and self-determining. Thereby activity done based on intrinsic motivation is a matter done by individual voluntarily. Therefore when someone motivated intrinsically, he/she will feel the easiness and also satisfaction to its choice (Ryan et al., 1991).
Brand Evaluation
Brand evaluation refer to amount and quality of information processing that happened in context of brand choice at the time of purchasing to reach one evaluation or consideration of its quality of brand. Brand information processing interpreted as a series of immeasurable unity during, strive, and skill required to make one valid consideration (Mandrik, 1999; Parasuraman et al., 1994; Zeithaml et al., 1996). When buying a product, consumer will pay attention the attribute which look from pertinent product to assess the quality: type, colour, label, name of brand etc., but when no attribute available to show the quality, hence consumer will use price as indicator of quality (Parasuraman et al., 1994).
Besides, activity on brand evaluation represent the result from information processing conducted by consumer, consumer use the information which have past and new information to evaluate the brand by considering to obtain benefit. Consumers prefer the brand which they expect can give the more satisfaction as according to benefit which they wish (Assael, 2001).
Research Hypothesis
According to things which have been elaborated represent the rationale from compilation of following hypothesis:
H1A : Involvement is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1B : Motive is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1C : NFC is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H2 : Intrinsic motivation is having positive effect on brand evaluation
Hypothesis which have been formulated is being the form of the relation pattern between variables in this research as follows.
Research Method
This research examine the variables influencing brand evaluation in brand choice context. Theoretical framework used to be alighted from buyer behavior theory model that presented by Howard and Sheth (Enis Et al., 1991).
Research Variables
Consumer characteristic. This variables representing consumer demography and comprise the personal data of consumer, this variable is needed to depict the consumer profile. In this research, consumer characteristic only differentiated by gender, and age, and used for depicting respondent characteristic.
Independent Variables. Independent variables in this research are follows:
Motive. Motive exploration conducted to subject, referred at previous research (Mandrik, 1999). At this phase, subject asked to equip the questioner designed to explore the motif, both of expressive and utilitarian motive. Motive explored using the questioner adopted from previous research (Mandrik,1999).
Involvement. Involvement have been explored extensively in consumer behavior since early research in social psychology. There are common agreement in the research that involvement mean the personal relevance (e.g. in advertisement, product category, or decision situation) to a consumer (Assael, 2001; Mandrik, 1999). Besides using PII (Personal Involvement Inventory) scale (Mandrik, 1999), to measure the involvement also can be using CIP (Consumer Involvement Profile) scale (Aldlaigan And Buttle, 2001) and PIS (Purchase-decision Involvement Scale) scale (Foxall And Pallister,1998). In this research involvement is explored using the PII scale adopted from previous research (Engel et al., 2004; Mandrik, 1999; Foxall and Pallister, 1998; Aldlaigan and Buttle, 2001).
NFC (Need for Cognition). NFC is individual tendency that influencing motivation to be more involve in a brand evaluation which is called cognitive efforts to conduct the perception (Mandrik, 1999; Ryan et al., 1991; Ryan and Deci, 2000; Zuckerman et al., 1978; Tormala and Petty, 2004; Bolton and Capella, 1995).
Dependent variables. Dependent variable in this research is brand evaluation while intrinsic motivation represent the mediator variable. Brand evaluation in this research is evaluation to alternative of brand choice, so that using the criterion from alternative assessment referred to service quality (Parasuraman et al., 1994). Brand evaluation explored using questioner from Parasuraman et al. (1994) and Mandrik (1999). Motivation explored using the IMI (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) (Zuckerman et al., 1978; Deci et al., 1981; Vansteenkiste and Deci, 2003).
Research Procedure
Research procedure follow the procedure in early research commonly, with the early step is instruct the subject to explored the information about product raised in questioner by showing the name of brand from each products. Analysis conducted for this research follows the result of path analysis from Amos 6, by emphasizing at influence within variable as compiled in hypothesis.
Sampling Design
Intention of this research is examine the influence of involvement, motive, and NFC at motivation and also examine the influence of motivation at brand evaluation. Population for this research adapted for the target of research (purposive sampling design) with the certain demarcation pursuant at consideration to correspond to the research criterion so that can improve the sample accuracy (Sekaran, 2000). The sample chosen from student in Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Gunadarma University regarding to the criterion as follows.
1. Exploration is taken to examine the influence of involvement, motive, and NFC, on motivation and also examine the influence of motivation on brand evaluation.
2. Exploration is addressed to collect the relevant information with a purpose of the research and can be obtain from one certain consumer group.
3. Corresponding to behavioral consumer research focus commonly.
4. To avoid the heterogeneity of sample that able to degrade the strength from examination.
In this research, pre-test conducted using 100 respondent, pre-test done as a mean to know the product brand which is in course of its evaluation need the high involvement or lower, and evaluated by pursuant to utilitarian motive or expressive, in other word we have done the pre-test to know about trade-off between involvement and motive in brand evaluation (Mandrik, 1999; Zeithaml et al., 1996; Parasuraman et el., 1994).
Trade-off Involvement-Motive
Score for each motive specified between 20 till 100, the score calculated by 1 x 20 item (20) till 5 x 20 item (100), hereinafter calculated a score mean by dividing total score from certain brand to the amount of respondent who choose it (Mandrik, 1999), then compare score mean from each motive, the larger shows the motive tendency pushing respondent in evaluating the brand.
Involvement score specified as 15 till less than 37,5 is low-involvement; 37,5 till 75 is high-involvement, the score is calculated by 1 x 15 till less than 2.5 x 15 (15 till less than 37.5) for low-involvement, 2.5 x 15 till 5 x 15 (37.5 till 75) for high-involvement, hereinafter calculated a score mean by dividing total score from certain brand to the amount of respondent who choose it (Aldlaigan dan Buttle, 2001; Foxall dan Pallister, 1998).
Table 3, represents trade-off between motive-involvement in brand evaluation processing conducted by respondent of this research.
Table 3: Trade-off Involvement-Motive in Brand Evaluation No. Nama Merek Keterlibatan Motif 1 Shogun125 High Utilitarian 2 Jupiter MX High Utilitarian 3 Supra X125 High Utilitarian 4 Scorpio Z High Utilitarian 5 Tiger High Utilitarian 6 Thunder High Utilitarian 8 Vario High Utilitarian 9 Mio Sporty High Utilitarian
Respondent characteristic
Characteristic of respondent targeted in this research only seen by gender, and age as presented in Table 4 and 5 as follows.
Table 4: Respondent Characteristic by Gender Gender [SIGMA] % Men 164 54,49 Women 137 45,51 Total 301 100,0 Table 5: Respondent Characteristic by Age Age (Years) 17 18 19 20 21 [SIGMA] 7 47 97 120 25 % 2,3 15,6 32,2 39,9 8,3 Age (Years) 22 23 24 25 Total [SIGMA] 1 2 1 1 301 % 0,3 0,7 0,3 0,3 100,0
Hypothesis testing
For hypothesis testing we addressed questioner to 350 respondent, but 49 questioner can not be processed thereby we use 301 questioner/respondent that regarding to Roscoe, while sample size 30 [less than or equal to] n [less than or equal to] 500 is adequate for common research (Sekaran, 2000).
Hereinafter is examining the hypothesis depicting influence of each variable at intrinsic motivation:
H1A : Involvement having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1B : Motive having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1C : NFC having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
Hypothesis testing done by AMOS ver. 6, therefore analysis conducted relate at result of path analysis from AMOS. For accepted or rejected hypothesis using significance value(p value) at 0,05 or 5%, in other words hypothesis accepted if significance value (p value) is [less than or equal to] 5% (Hair et al., 1998; Sekaran, 2000; Mandrik, 1999; Arbuckle, 2005).
Hypothesis 1A: Involvement is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1[A.sub.0] : [b.sub.1] = 0 : Involvement is not having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1[A.sub.a] : [b.sub.1] [not equal to] 0 : Involvement is not having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
According to the result of path analysis, we can accept the hypothesis 1A because it has p value less than 5% (Hair et al., 1998; Sekaran, 2000, Mandrik, 1999; Arbuckle, 2005), which the estimate is standardized regression weight, represent in Table 6 as follows.
Table 6: Result of path analysis for hypothesis 1A Estimate p Involvement [right arrow] Motivation 0,221 ***
This result show that we can reject hypothesis 1A0 , so we could said that involvement is a good predictor for intrinsic motivation. In other word, intrinsic motivation is influenced by individual involvement in a brand evaluation process.
Hypothesis 1B : Motive is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1[B.sub.0] : [b.sub.1] = 0 : Motive is not having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1[B.sub.a] : [b.sub.1] [not equal to] 0 : Motive is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
According to the result of path analysis, hypothesis 1B is accepted, because it has p value less than 5% (Hair et al., 1998; Sekaran, 2000, Mandrik, 1999; Arbuckle, 2005), which estimate is standardized regression weight, represent in Table 7 as follows.
Table 7: Result of path analysis for hypothesis 1B Estimate p Motive [right arrow] Motivation 0,211 ***
This result show that we can reject hypothesis 1[B.sub.0], so we could said that motive is a good predictor for intrinsic motivation. In other word, intrinsic motivation is influenced by individual motive in a brand evaluation process.
Hypothesis 1C : NFC is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1[C.sub.0] : [b.sub.1] = 0 : NFC is not having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
H1[C.sub.a] : [b.sub.1] [not equal to] 0 : NFC is having a positive effect on intrinsic motivation
According to the result of path analysis, hypothesis 1C is accepted, because it has p value less than 5% (Hair et al., 1998; Sekaran, 2000, Mandrik, 1999; Arbuckle, 2005), which estimate is standardized regression weight, represent in Table 8 as follows.
Table 8: Result of path analysis for hypothesis 1C Estimate p NFC [right arrow] Motivation 0,169 0,002
This result show that we can reject hypothesis 1[C.sub.0], so we could said that NFC is a good predictor for intrinsic motivation. In other word, intrinsic motivation is influenced by individual NFC in a brand evaluation process.
This result show that individual with high involvement represent that respondent have stronger intrinsic motivation in brand evaluation process, and utilitarian motive will drive respondent more motivated intrinsically; higher NFC show that respondents have more motivation to evaluate the brand, because respondents have the competence with this activities.
Hypothesis 2: Intrinsic motivation is having a positive effect on brand evaluation
[H2.sub.0] : [b.sub.1] = 0 : Intrinsic motivation is not having a positive effect on brand evaluation
[H2.sub.a] : [b.sub.1] [not equal to] 0 : Intrinsic motivation is having a positive effect on brand evaluation
According to the result of path analysis, hypothesis 2 is accepted, because it has p value less than 5% (Hair et al., 1998; Sekaran, 2000, Mandrik, 1999; Arbuckle, 2005), which estimate is standardized regression weight, represent in Table 9 as follows.
Table 9: Result of path analysis for testing hypothesis 2 Estimate p Motivation [right arrow] Evaluation 0,176 0,004
This result show that we can reject hypothesis [2.sub.0], so we could said that intrinsic motivation is a good predictor for brand evaluation. In other word, brand evaluation processing intensity is depend on individual intrinsic motivation. Intensity of brand evaluation conducted by respondent will be raise when respondent is intrinsically motivated.
Although we did not examine mediating variable in our hypothesis, we conducted the test for mediating variable to see the role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship between involvement, motive, NFC and brand evaluation. Mediating variable testing follows the result of hypothesis testing.
Table 10. represent direct effect within variables in this research, according to the research hypothesis.
Table 10: Direct effect whitin variables H 1A Involvement [right arrow] Motivation Significant 1B Motive [right arrow] Motivation Significant 1C NFC [right arrow] Motivation Significant Motive [right arrow] Brand evaluation Not Significant Involvement [right arrow] Brand evaluation Not Significant NFC [right arrow] Brand evaluation Significant 2 Motivation [right arrow] Brand evaluation Significant
Table 10. shows that intrinsic motivation has significantly influenced by individual involvement; brand evaluation has not significantly influenced by individual involvement; and brand evaluation has significantly influenced by intrinsic motivation, according to Baron and Kenny (1986) we could said that intrinsic motivation has full mediation role in the relationship between individual involvement and brand evaluation.
Intrinsic motivation has significantly influenced by individual motive; brand evaluation has not significantly influenced by individual motive; and brand evaluation has significantly influenced by intrinsic motivation, according to Baron and Kenny (1986) this situation shows that intrinsic motivation has full mediation role in the relationship between individual motive and brand evaluation.
Intrinsic motivation has significantly influence by NFC; brand evaluation has significantly influence by NFC; brand evaluation has significantly influence by intrinsic motivation, this situation shows that intrinsic motivation has partial mediation role in the relationship between NFC and brand evaluation (Baron and Kenny, 1986).
According to the result of hypothesis testing, high involvement, and utilitarian motive will drive respondent more motivated intrinsically to evaluate the brand, and also high NFC show that respondents have competence in this activity, and will make the respondent progressively motivated in brand evaluation. Thereby high involvement, utilitarian motive and type of individual with high NFC will drive individual more motivated to evaluate the brand intrinsically. (Ryan et al., 1991; Ryan and Deci, 2000; Zuckerman et al., 1978; Tormala and Petty, 2004; Bolton and Capella, 1995; Hibbet and Cohen, 2006).
Hereinafter seen that intrinsic motivation have an effect on brand evaluation, when individual is highly motivated it will conduct the activity of brand evaluation progressively, this matter show the individual interest at a product or service(Neese et al., 1995).
According to the result of mediating variable testing, we found that intrinsic motivation have full mediation role in the relationship between individual involvement, individual motive and brand evaluation; partial mediation role of intrinsic motivation founded in the relationship between NFC and brand evaluation.
According to analysis and hypothesis testing, we can draw a conclusion of this research: Involvement, motive, and NFC have a positive effect on motivation; and motivation has a positive effect on brand evaluation.
Generally we can said that in brand evaluation process, especially among the college student, there is an effect of involvement, motive, and NFC on its process through the intrinsic motivation.
Research Limitation, Suggestion, and Implication
This research was not differentiated by subject characteristic (gender and age) according to the brand evaluation process. For further research we can suggested to develop this research, e.g. replication, or using other methods. And at the future could be use less of product and/or brand in the research instrument to minimize subject anxiousity.
This result brings the implication to the part of theory regarding to brand evaluation process, that is when someone has high utilitarian involvement (high involvement and utilitarian motive), it shows that he/she motivated intrinsically in the process.
Besides, we found that intrinsic motivation and brand evaluation were influenced by NFC as an individual characteristic. And we also found the mediation role on intrinsic motivation regarding to relationship between individual involvement, motive, NFC and brand evaluation.
Thereby, this result contribute to understand the relationship pattern between individual involvement, motive, NFC, and mediation role of intrinsic motivation on brand evaluation processing, and the manager can be compiled appropriate marketing strategy based on this pattern to win consumer choice.
Aldlaigan, Abdullah H. and Francis A. Buttle, (2001), "Consumer Involvement in Financial Services: An Empirical Test of Two Measures," International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19/6, 232-245
Arbuckle, James L., (2005), AMOSTM 6.0 Documentation Package, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Assael, Henry, (2001), Consumer Behavior And Marketing Action, 6th Ed., Thomson Learning, Thomson Asia, Pte., Ltd., Singapore
Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. A. (1986), "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182
Beatty, Sharon and Scott M. Smith (1987), "External Search Effort: An Investigation Across Several Product Categories," Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (June), 83-95.
Bolton, Dawn Langkamp and Louis M. Capella, (1995), "The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Need For Cognition," Working Paper, Western Kentucky University
Cacioppo, John T. and Richard E. Petty (1982), "The Need for Cognition," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116-131.
Deci, Edward L.; Allan J. Schwartz; Louise Sheinman and Richard M. Ryan, (1981), "An Instrument To Assess Adults' Orientations Toward Control Versus Autonomy With Children: Reflection On Intrinsic Motivation And Perceived Competence," Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 73, No. 5, 642-650
_________; George Betley; James Kahle; Linda Abram; Joseph Porac, (1981), "When Trying To Win: Competition And Intrinsic Motivation," Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 1, March, 79-83
Engel, James F.; Roger D. Blackwell; and Paul W. Miniard, (2004), Consumer Behavior, Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publisher, Orlando, Florida
Foxall, Gordon R. and John G. Pallister, (1998), "Measuring Purchase Decision Involvement for Financial Services: Comparison of Zaichowsky and Mittal Scales," International Journal of Bank Marketing, 16/5, 180-194
Gauzente, Claire and Ashok Ranchhod, (2001), "Ethical Marketing for Competitive Advantage on the Internet," Academy of Marketing Science Review Volume 2001 No. 10, pp. 1-8
Hair, Joseph H. Jr.; Rolph E. Anderson; Ronald L. Tatham and William C. Black, (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th Editions, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall International, Inc.
Hibbet, Lee E.; William A. Cohen, (2006), An Investigation Of The Factors Affecting The Purchase Involvement Tendencies Of College Students, AMA Educators' Proceedings, 2006
Mandrik, Carter A., (1999), An Information Processing Perspective on Between-Brand Price Premiums: Antecedents and Consequences of Motivation, Dissertation, Faculty of Marketing, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
Neese, William T.; Ronald D. Taylor; and Louis M. Capella, (1995), "Using Product Involvement Segmentation to Improve Advertising Productivity," Working Paper, University of Arkansas at Little Rock
Parasuraman, A.; Valarie A. Zeithaml; Leonard L. Berry, (1994), "Reassessment of Expectations as a Comparison Standard in Measuring Service Quality: Implications for Future Research," Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, (January 1994), 111-124
Ryan, Richard M.; Richard Koestner and Edward L. Deci,(1991), "Ego-Involved Persistence: When Free-Choice Behavior Is Not Intrinsically Motivated," Motivation and Emotion, Vol. 15, No. 3, 185-205
-- and Edward L. Deci, (2000), "Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being," American Psychologist, Vol. 55, No. 1, 68-78
Sekaran, Uma (2000), Research Methodes for Business: A Skill-Building Approach, 3rd Eds, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Soutar, Geoffrey N. and Jillian C. Sweeney, (2003), "Are There Cognitive Dissonance Segments?," Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No. 3 (December)
Tormala, Zakary L. and Richard E. Petty, (2004), "Resistance to Persuasion and Attitude Certainty: The Moderating Role Of Elaboration," PSPB, Vol.30., No. 11, November 2004, 1446-1457
Vansteenkiste, Maarten; Edward L. Deci, (2003), "Competitively Contingent Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation: Can Loser Remain Motivated?," Motivation and Emotion, Vol. 27, No. 4, 273-299
Zaichowsky, Judith Lynn (1985), "Measuring the Involvement Construct," Journal of Consumer Research, 12 (December), 341-352.
Zeithaml, Valerie A.; Leonard L. Berry and A. Parasuraman, (1996), "The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60 (April)
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Bagus Nurcahyo, Renny Nur'ainy, and Sariyati
Gunadarma University, Indonesia
Corresponding Author
Bagus Nurcahyo can be contacted at: email@example.com
Table 1: Respondent Motive No. Brand Name Sample Score Mean of Score Mean of Motive * Utilitarian Expressive 1 Shogun125 6 81 59,6 Utilitarian 2 Jupiter MX 10 81,9 63,7 Utilitarian 3 SupraX 125 10 76,4 50,3 Utilitarian 4 Scorpio Z 10 78,6 64,9 Utilitarian 5 Tiger 18 79,5 59,6 Utilitarian 6 Thunder 3 80,33 74,33 Utilitarian 7 Spin 0 -- -- -- 8 Vario 19 77,87 53,84 Utilitarian 9 Mio Sporty 24 82,9 64,3 Utilitarian * number of respondent who choose the brand Table 2: Respondent Involvement level No. Brand name Sample * Mean of Involvement Involvement Level 1 Shogun125 6 69,66 High 2 Jupiter MX 10 72,30 High 3 SupraX 125 10 74,20 High 4 Scorpio Z 10 71,30 High 5 Tiger 18 67,27 High 6 Thunder 3 69,00 High 7 Spin 0 -- High 8 Vario 19 72,78 High 9 Mio Sporty 24 73,33 High * Number of respondent who choose the brand
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Drum Table in Heritage - Butler Furniture - BT-1557070Product Id: 193340 Phone Code: 96D0-6F81
Regular: $1,999.00 Sale: $1,189.00 (You Save 41%)
Usually ships in 5 to 7 Days
Product Description
Drum Table Heritage finish Model 1557070 by Butler Specialty Furniture Selected solid woods, choice veneers and wood products. Maple veneer top and sides. Maple veneer door with carved overlays revolves open to reveal inside shelf. Antique brass finished hardware.
Features :
- Maple veneer top and sides
- Crafted from selected solid woods, choice veneers and wood products
- Maple veneer door
- Includes carved overlays revovles open to reavel inside shelf
24"(Diam.) x 30"(H)


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Wrong diagnosis, wrong drugs, wrong dosage, drugs given at wrong frequency, missed dosages and administering drugs which interact with each other are some of the major medical errors which, at times, prove fatal
The recent Supreme Court judgment in the Anuradha Saha case could well be a landmark verdict that has the potential to significantly improve healthcare delivery. It awarded a hitherto unheard of sum of Rs.5.96 crore as compensation to Dr. Kunal Saha, husband of Anuradha, who died as a result of medical negligence in 1998.
The judgment is significant for two reasons. First, it shows that the highest court in the land takes medical negligence seriously and is prepared to levy punitive fines for serious cases resulting in loss of life. This would surely embolden the lower courts also to levy stiffer penalties. Second, the very strong signal it sends out to the medical community on the need to reform its ways and pay more attention to patient safety. More such judgments will surely force the healthcare community to at least start adopting the much-needed patient safety measures.
According to statistics provided by the American Medical Association, medical errors contribute to between 40,000 and 80,000 deaths each year in the United States. Other reports put the figure at as high as 1,80,000. Medical errors are believed to be directly and solely responsible for over 7,000 deaths each year. What is grudgingly agreed upon is that medical errors are emerging among the top 20 causes of death in the U.S.
If this is the situation in the U.S., where there are clear and defined standards of care and protocols to be followed and where there is a system of medical audit in place, one can well imagine what the situation is like in India. There are no estimates available of the number of patients being impacted by medical errors and we do not even have a system in place to measure them on a countrywide basis. Part of the problem is the fear of what might emerge should we start measuring and no one, least of all the government, is interested in opening a Pandora's box.
Medication errors
So where exactly do medical errors occur? Well, for starters from the diagnosis. Very often the diagnosis is incorrect or delayed with serious consequences. The documentation of what's really wrong with you may also contain errors. The notes may carry wrong information which may be acted on by another doctor, leading to serious consequences. Medication errors are a major component of medical errors. The wrong drug being administered, wrong dosage of the drug being given, the drug being given at the wrong frequency, dosages being missed out, drugs which interact with each other being given, drugs to which the patient is allergic being administered, the list is endless.
Then we have the "never" events, those that should never ever occur, like patients being operated on the wrong eye or limb; sponges, scissors etc., being left in the body during surgery; food being pushed down the airway tube and medical equipment that doesn't work.
Hospital-acquired infections due to a lack of proper infection control systems is another major reason for adverse events. Hospital-acquired infections are believed to affect 5 -10% of all patients admitted to hospitals in India but this number may be as high as 25% among patients admitted to Intensive Care Units. Hospital infections occur in the best of healthcare facilities in the world but to have the infection occur when all precautions are taken is one thing and to have them occur because infection control measures are not followed is quite another.
The complete lack of coordination among the various specialists treating patients is a major reason for medical errors. It is very rare for all specialists to sit together and review the treatment plan and this not being done is often disastrous. The Joint Commission International says, in its annual report on Quality and Safety, that lack of communication between healthcare providers contributed to more than half of all adverse events.
There are enough systems available to enhance patient safety and minimise errors. Simple software applications can alert doctors about wrong dosage, drug-drug interactions, two different brand names of the same drug being administered, etc., but even India's top hospitals do not use them though they cost very little. The healthcare industry in India will not adopt such systems as they do not lead to an increase in revenue for the hospital or doctor though there is an overwhelming volume of evidence to show that they reduce errors and improve patient outcomes. So it becomes imperative for the government to insist that such safety systems be used.
In the absence of any government intervention, it is judgments like these that will introduce the fear factor in the medical community and force it to adopt patient safety systems.
The country owes a debt of gratitude to Dr. Kunal Saha. His relentless fight for more than 15 years has opened up the possibility of better healthcare for millions. If that happens, Anuradha Saha would not have died in vain.
(The author is a consultant in internal medicine. He can be reached at sumanthcraman@ gmail.com)


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First Known Use: 14th century
noun phi·los·o·pher \fə-ˈlä-s(ə-)fər\
: a person who studies ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life, etc. : a person who studies philosophy
Full Definition of PHILOSOPHER
a : a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment : scholar, thinkerb : a student of philosophy
a : a person whose philosophical perspective makes meeting trouble with equanimity easierb : an expounder of a theory in a particular area of experiencec : one who philosophizes
See philosopher defined for English-language learners
See philosopher defined for kids
Origin of PHILOSOPHER
Middle English philosophe, philosophre, from Anglo-French, from Latin philosophus, from Greek philosophos, from phil- + sophia wisdom, from sophos wise
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Does anyone have any info on this design??
I'm clearly new but have exhausted the search option before posting. So please don't flame if my question's stupid.
My research has told me that this is a clay mixtured dome over the bed of flat fire bricks. Refractory mixture possibly?...not that i completely know what that means yet. Stainless steel rods also?
My goal is to make almost a clay/cement like dome that can handle extreme heat for the back yard.
Is Kiko's book about earth ovens something useful for this oven? Any information or direction on this build would be such a favor to me. I'm hoping my dad and I can build this together at his house. Thank you guys.
Re: Does anyone have any info on this design??
Welcome. This is pretty much a flame-free zone unless you do something abusive. As far as questions go, I think it's better to ask a stupid question than to make a stupid mistake.
As to the pictures in your post, it's either a clay or cobb oven, or a cast refractory concrete oven. I've seen that picture before, but I can't remember the context.
Either of these types of ovens will work. They will work better with a chimney, unless you like soot stained openings (notice the fire-in-the-oven shot is taken at night) and hot combustion gasses in your face when you're cooking.
A couple of points. A cast refractory concrete oven, particularly if it's reinforced with stainless needles, is a very expensive proposition. It really doesn't make sense in the land of cheap firebrick. Clay or cobb is mud: it has to be kept extremely dry to work, and not to dissolve into a puddle. I'm not convinced that a dome covering is sufficient to that task. Since cobb ovens are built on the cheap, they often skimp or skip insulation. This severely limits the usefulness of your oven.
These sorts of ovens are covered in the "other ovens" section.
Good luck with your project. I suggest you take a look at the pompeii oven plans:
They will give you a real idea of what's involved in doing the build the way that's proven to be successful .
Re: Does anyone have any info on this design??
If you want some examples of some stupid questions, you might want to check out my thread!
This is a great site and there are a number of great people here that will give guidence and advise just like dmun just did. There are times that you might have to restate or rephrase your questions at times to get the answer you are looking for.
Welcome to this forum
Re: Does anyone have any info on this design??
As far as ignorant questions and comments go, you might have to get in line ;)
The smartest and one of the best supervisors I ever worked for was not afraid to ask the most basic or seemingly stupid questions. When he was finished, his grasp of the subject was striking. Stupid questions don't bother me in the least. I go out of my way to prove that ;)
Re: Does anyone have any info on this design??
Also notice the steam coming off it when fired. That is an extremely simple design that could work well for immediate firing, but if retained heat is something you want, that is not it.
It looks like a cobb oven with minimal to no insulation, cladded with some type of cementious stucco.
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'Perfumery radar' objectively quantifies scents
The Perfumery Radar system uses gas chromatography to objectively analyze the different scents that make up a perfume (Photo: CC)
Examples of radar graphs generated by the Perfumery Radar system (Image: University of Porto)
Article Summary
Making perfume is an art, and you can't objectively break art down into its individual components... right? In the case of perfume, it appears that perhaps you can. Dr. Alirío Rodrigues, a chemical engineer at Portugal's University of Porto, has devised a system called Perfumery Radar (PR). It is able to analyze the odor of perfumes, and map out what scents are present, and in what proportions.
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MOVIEmeterSEE RANK
Up 14,648 this week
The Fatal Mallet (1914)
| Short, Comedy | 1 June 1914 (USA)
Three man will fight for the love of a charming girl. Charlie will play dirty, throwing bricks to his contender, and using a huge hammer to hurt one of them. But a precocious kid will be the fourth suitor in discord.
Director:Mack Sennett
Writer:Mack Sennett
Stars:Charles Chaplin, Mabel Normand, Mack Sennett | See full cast and crew »


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London Broil
19 Apr 2009
London Broil is a tasty and mouthwatering dish. You can serve this dish for an informal party at home or even at a community luncheon. This London Broil recipe is simply fantastic and you will definitely love it!
|Beef flank steak
|1 1⁄4 Pound
|Cooking oil
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|1 Teaspoon
|Garlic clove
|1 Small
|To Taste
|Freshly ground pepper
|To Taste
Score steak on both sides.
Place steak in clear plastic bag; set in deep bowl.
Combine oil, vinegar, and garlic; pour over steak.
Close bag.
Let stand at room temperature 2 to 3 hours, turning bag several times.
Remove steak from marinade; place on cold rack of broiler pan.
Broil 3 inches from heat 4 to 5 minutes; sprinkle with salt and pepper.
Turn; broil 4 to 5 minutes more for medium rare.
Sprinkle with salt and pepper.
Carve in very thin slices diagonally across grain.
Rate It
0 Comments
London Broil Recipe


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ST. MARYS - While Elk County was not spared by the national housing crisis, local realtors say that comparatively it has fared better than other parts of the country. While certain realtors cite an increase in sales in recent years and others a drop, there is a general consensus that property values in the area have depreciated, resulting in the confluence of a buyer-oriented market.
According to the National Association of Realtors, pending home sales nationwide declined in September, but activity has increased since this time last year.
RIDGWAY - The Ridgway Area School District Board of Directors approved a resolution for their solicitor to file a Notice of Intervention concerning a tax assessment appeal filed by Metaldyne Sintered Products currently pending in the Court of Common Pleas.
According to finance manager Brent Rhoads, Metaldyne appealed their tax assessment concerning both the Ridgway and St. Marys properties.
Rhoads said their appraisal could mean a loss to the school district of about $30,000 per year.
Rhoads said the Board of Appeals has rejected their appeal against Elk County.
Judith Ann Rhines Nagel, 75, of Hickory Street, Johnsonburg, died on Monday, Nov. 14, 2011 at Elk Regional Health Center following a lengthy illness. She had recently been living with her daughter-in-law, Susan L. Rhines, in St. Marys.
She was born Feb. 16, 1936 in Johnsonburg, daughter of the late Roland Akers and Idabelle (Lynch) Akers–Willow.
She married Francis H. Rhines Jr. in 1955. He died in 1984. She married her second husband, Gerald C. Nagel, in 1992. He died in 2011.
DuBOIS - The Clearfield Bisons defeated the St. Marys Area Flying Dutchmen by a 28-7 score Saturday afternoon at DuBois' E.J. Mansell Stadium to capture the 2011 District 9 Class AAA football championship.
Clearfield will now meet Johnstown, the District 6 representative, Saturday afternoon at 1 p.m. at Mansion Park in Altoona.
Clearfield took a 21-0 halftime lead. Each team scored a touchdown in the second half.
"I am really proud of my guys," said St. Marys coach Joe Schlimm.
"Our season has had some incredible highs and some real lows but such is life," said the coach.
Members of American Legion Post 103 held their annual Veterans Day Banquet at the Bavarian Hills on Saturday evening. According to Victor Straub, master of ceremonies for the event, 67 people were in attendance at this year's event. Straub also noted that the event was Post 103's 65th consecutive annual Veterans Day banquet.
Rep. Matt Gabler (R-Clearfield/Elk) served as the guest speaker at American Legion Post 103's annual Veterans Day banquet on Saturday evening at Bavarian Hills.
After reflecting upon the history of Veterans Day, Gabler remarked that the event served as a time "to stop and reflect on how thankful we all are as a nation for the sacrifices that are made to enable us to live as we do as Americans each and every day."
Gabler noted that he originally tried to come up with something 'unique' or 'profound' for the occasion, but then realize this was not what was needed.
William Q. "Beagle" Auman, 84, of 445 Benedict Street, St. Marys, died with his family by his side on Friday evening, Nov. 11, 2011 at his home following a brief illness.
He was born June 26, 1927 in St. Marys, a son of the late John R. and Genevieve M. Dippold Auman.
On June 20, 1964 in St. Joseph's Church in Force, he married Angeline "Angie" Panighetti Auman, who survives.
James O. Auman, 91, of 352 Church Street, St. Marys, died at his home on Friday afternoon, Nov. 11, 2011 surrounded by his family following a short illness.
He was born Feb. 23, 1920 in St. Marys, a son of the late John R. and Genevieve Dippold Auman.
On May 16, 1945 in Pawling, N.Y., he married the late Edna M. "Snooky" Dippold Auman, his loving wife of more than 66 years who preceded him in death one week before on Nov. 4, 2011.
Robert J. "Bob" Bowman died on Nov. 8, 2011 at Jeff Anderson Regional Medical Center in Meridian, Miss.
He was the son of the late John and Betty Bowman.
He was a veteran of the United States Air Force. He was retired after working several years as a supervisor for the Consumer Protection Agency. He was a member of Northside Church of Christ.
CLARION – The Elk County Catholic Crusader football squad saw their season come to an end on Friday evening as the team fell to the Clarion Bobcats 22-20 in the opening round of the Class A District 9 playoffs. The Crusaders dominated the first half of the game, leading 20-0 at halftime before allowing the Bobcats to score 22 unanswered points during their second-half rally.


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Follow Harriet on Twitter
About Harriet
- The Poetry Foundation's blog for poetry and related news.
- More about Harriet
- Contributors
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Posts Tagged 'Chaucer'
Caroline Bergvall's Lingual Sculptures January 26, 2010: Caroline Bergvall is a poet and text-based artist of Norwegian and French descent working out of London. I first heard Bergvall read at Blue Stockings, a wonderfully resilient little bookstore in the [...]


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I am a professional photographer in Mumbai; India for corporate and industrial photography. There are several photographs that I want to give away for free, no watermark / credit. Check out [removed] and let me know.
Just make a photodune profile and give allow users to use them WITH the watermark, they still look great in templates.
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Why IBM Express Servers?
Choose Express models from IBM server lines, specifically designed for small and medium businesses
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IBM System x™
Our most popular small business server Intel® or AMD® for Windows® or Linux® OS
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Connect with the System x community
Contact Lenovo for x86 Express servers
- Email Lenovo
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Call Lenovo: 080081330080081330
Lenovo acquires IBM x86 systems
These IBM x86 products are now products of Lenovo in Belgium and other countries. IBM will host x86-related content on ibm.com until migrated to Lenovo. During the transition, please interpret references to IBM in relation to transitioned products as Lenovo.
IBM System x3650 M4 Express Server


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Join the 'Paxipam' group to help and get support from people like you.
Paxipam Support Group
Latest Blog Post
Seniors Still Given Potentially Dangerous Sedatives: Study
WEDNESDAY, Dec. 17, 2014 – Doctors continue to prescribe sedatives such as Xanax or Valium for seniors despite the significant risks they pose, a new study contends. The drugs in question are a ...


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Thursday, May 1, 2003
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
By Trina TriceFor more information about volunteering opportunities in Clayton County, check in future editions of the News Daily. With more than 650 Clayton County children in foster care, volunteers in the Court Appointed Special Advocates program are sorely needed to provide those children a voice that has been stifled in abusive homes. Facing a volunteer shortage, the Clayton County CASA program isn't capable of serving half of those in foster care. The program currently has 70 volunteers. "Based on the number of volunteers we have, we only are able to serve 136 children," said Gerald Bostock, program coordinator. "Our goal is to have a volunteer for every kid in the system." Statewide over 1,300 CASA volunteers served over 6,300 children last year. "As a CASA volunteer, you take a number of roles," Bostock said. "You are a fact-finder for children in need. You are a powerful voice for a child in court. You have the power to provide the link between where a child is and where that child wants to be." CASA volunteers work with case workers from the Department of Family and Children Services to help place children in the appropriate home environments once the original is disrupted by family problems, such as drug and alcohol, physical, and sexual abuse and neglect. Another program in desperate need of volunteers is the Clayton County Juvenile Court which is seeking residents to serve on a collaborative committee to review cases prior to preliminary hearings and make recommendations to the judge on alternative strategies to detention in the Regional Youth Detention Center. "The committee is a collaborative community effort using persons from different disciplines who can bring their perspectives and resources in each case at the front-end, instead of waiting for it to happen at the back-end," said Juvenile Court Judge Steve Teske. Not all volunteering jobs in the county are as serious as those for at-risk or needy children. For almost a year, John and Abba Trimble have enjoyed spending their time with other seniors at the Riverdale Senior Center. Their time isn't just social, though. The Trimbles, like hundreds of Clayton County residents, are avid volunteers. "We've worked with seniors for a long time at our church," Abba Trimble said. "We decided we wanted to work with more seniors outside of church. It's not a ?got to,' it's a ?get to.' John Trimble, a retired Delta Airlines employee, and his wife work three days a week in the Riverdale Senior Center's dining room for breakfast. When they're not babysitting their grandchildren, they like to help anyone in need, Trimble said. "We all have the power to make a difference in Clayton County," Bostock said. "In doing so, we will experience the satisfaction of knowing we've make a lasting impact on our community for many years to come. Consider making a positive impact on a life." For volunteering opportunities at the following shelters and social service organizations, call the following (some additional training may be required): Alternative Detention Collaborative, (770) 477-3260. Rainbow House, (770) 478-6905 Calvary Refuge Center, (404) 361-5309 Court Appointed Special Advocate, (770) 477-3268 Department of Family and Children Services, (770) 473-2300 Clayton County Aging Program/Meals on Wheels, (770) 603-4050 Samaritans Together, (404) 361-8848 Master Gardener's Program at the Extension Service, (770) 473-5450 Southern Crescent Habitat for Humanity, (770) 477-2367 United Way Center, (770) 991-2026
More like this story
- 15 to join child advocates ( October 8, 2007 )
- CASA to welcome new volunteers Wednesday ( June 2, 2008 )
- Clayton CASA welcomes new volunteers ( March 11, 2010 )
- Child Abuse Awareness Month begins ( April 6, 2004 )
- CASA swearing in volunteers ( May 6, 2004 )


text:
Product Information
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Classic Black Collection: Ruffle Tube Swimwear Top (Top Only)
Adorable ruffles accent this great fitting tube top. Features fully adjustable tie back and built in padding for lift and support.
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Kidz Bop Kids Tour to Play Fox Cities P.A.C., 9/18
Broadway World
The Fox Cities Performing Arts Center has announced Kidz Bop Kids will bring their "Make Some Noise" tour to the Center on September 18, 2015. Tickets will go on sale Friday, May 29 at 10 a.m.. The KIDZ BOP Kids will take the stage to perform ...
City Parks of Clarksburg Announces KIDZ BOP Concert
"With country star Dustin Lynch coming up on May 30, the Summerland Tour with Everclear, Toadies, Fuel and American Hi-Fi in June and now KIDZ BOP in July, this year is certainly one of the most diverse summer lineups we've ever had at The Amp," said ...
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The News Journal
The Wiggles, KidzBop headed to The Grand
The News Journal
Two shows especially for the kids in your life are headed to Wilmington. The Wiggles' new "Rock n' Roll Preschool" CD and DVD also has a tour and it's coming to The Grand (818 N. Market St., Wilmington) on Sept. 23 at 6:30 p.m.. Wiggles classics like "Hot ...
KIDZ BOP's 'Make Some Noise' Tour to Stop in Nashville, Today
Broadway World
The tour's launch coincides with The KIDZ BOP Kids' latest album, KIDZ BOP 27, which was released on January 13th and debuted at #3 on the Billboard Top 200 Chart. The KIDZ BOP Kids have been named Billboard Magazine's "#1 Kids' Artists" for the fifth ...
The Exponent Telegram (press release) (registration)
Clarksburg AMP announced third concert of season
The Exponent Telegram (press release) (registration)
ztuggle. Posted on May 16, 2015. by ztuggle. CLARKSBURG — KIDZ BOP Kids is bringing its action-packed hip hop tour to the Clarksburg Amphitheater at 7:30 p.m. July 11. The group is composed solely of children and specializes in playing popular songs ...
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At yoga guru Baba Ramdev's Patanjali Yogpeeth in Haridwar, it is business as usual. Even as the Baba has gone into overdrive to make sure the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) comes into power with Narendra Modi as prime minister, the plush ashram on the Delhi-Haridwar highway bares no sign of any kind of canvassing for votes.
Ramdev himself has pledged that he would not enter the precincts of the ashram till he fulfills his aim to defeat the Congress party and, presumably, place BJP at the Centre.
But the yoga guru may have to eat his words since his recent remarks on Congress heir apparent Rahul Gandhi's visits to Dalit households in Uttar Pradesh may cost the BJP dearly in the penultimate phase of the Lok Sabha elections.
In his home turf Haridwar, at least, Baba's motor mouth has ensured that scales tip in favour of the Congress. "Dalits are very angry with his statement and have decided to vote en mass against the BJP. What kind of a so-called guru would say such a thing about our girls," says Rakhi Nautiyal, a lawyer and activist, adding that Dalit women will be staging a protest against the Baba outside his ashram today to make sure he gets arrested.
At public speech a week ago, Ramdev had stated that Gandhi goes to Dalits' houses for "honeymoon and picnic". An FIR has been filed against Ramdev in Uttarakhand by Congress State Secretary TC Bharti and the party has been quick in leveraging Ramdev's distasteful statement. Congress candidate from Haridwar Renuka Rawat says Ramdev's downfall has begun and it is unlikely for any dalit to vote for the BJP here.
"They will vote for us, Ramdev's remarks will severely affect BJP's chances," she says. Dalits constitute about 23% of the total population in the hill state and the Dalit population in Haridwar is about 2.5 lakh.
Ramdev's statement it seems has undone the electoral gains the BJP would have hoped to reap with Modi's OBC background. Since the Bahujan Samajwadi Party has very little presence in the state, Congress has been the traditional recipient of the Dalit votes in the state and it will most likely remain so.
What would be interesting to see is if Ramdev's statement will have a ripple effect on BJP's chances in UP, with about 21% dalit population, where the BSP is trying hard to make it an election issue.


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It's hard to get much going offensively when a team cannot hold onto the basketball.
On Thursday night, the Mississippi State women's basketball team struggled scoring and gave the opposition plenty of opportunities.
MSU (8-11, 0-6) fell to the No. 16 (Associated Press) Texas A&M Aggies (15-5, 5-1) 81-33 inside Humphrey Coliseum in a Southeastern Conference matchup.
Despite excellent individual performances, the Starkville Academy Volunteers were not able to fend off Jackson Prep as the Volunteers fell 4-0 on the soccer field.
The Starkville Yellowjackets know the effort has to step up a notch in the Class 5A playoffs if they are to match what they done last season in winning a state championship.
That's why SHS junior Justin Gordon said, "we had to put our best foot forward."
It's going to be like a family reunion tonight at Humphrey Coliseum.
When the women's basketball coaching staffs of Mississippi State and Texas A&M get together for tonight's Southeastern Conference matchup, it will be a chance to renew acquaintances and compete against each other at the same time.
Caroline Berryhill left quite the impression as the Starkville Lady Yellowjackets celebrated senior night with a first round playoff battle against the Lady Chargers of Oxford.
The SHS senior scored two goals, including the final score of the night, to push the Lady Jackets to a 4-0 victory.
After the game Berryhill expressed what it means to be nearing the close of her senior year.
How much potential does the Starkville Academy boys soccer team have?
As far as SA coach Robert Gardner is concerned, all someone has to do is look at Tuesday night's second half against East Rankin Academy.
The Volunteers were locked in a 1-1 battle at halftime, but scored three goals in the first 10 minutes of the second half and went on to a 5-1 victory at the Starkville Sportsplex.
On Tuesday night, The Starkville High Yellowjackets were defeated by Columbus Falcons in overtime 70-62.
With the Jackets leading heading into the final moments, Jalen Stewart hit a last second shot to tie the game at 58 as time expired. Columbus would then take control of the extra period to come away with the win.
Caleb Wilson lead Starkville in scoring with 15 points.
The East Rankin Lady Patriots came to Starkville Academy on Tuesday, hoping to escape with an upset over one of the best teams in the state.
However, for coach Glenn Schmidt and the Lady Volunteers, it was business as usual and they defeated East Rankin 68-34 to remain unbeaten.
Starkville Christian School boys basketball coach Alex Thompson does not take the play of senior Caleb Jordan for granted.
Even when he's not scoring, Jordan finds other ways to help the Cougars.
Jordan scored his only two points of the game with 7 minutes remaining in Tuesday's game against the Meridian Flyers, but he continued to hustle and encourage his SCS teammates down the stretch.
The Mississippi State men's basketball team has not had much success when getting in a track meet with other teams.
The Bulldogs are 0-6 for the season when opponents shoot 45 percent or better from the floor, but are 5-0 when they shoot 45 percent or better.


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My name's Matt Seidholz, and somehow, you found my blog. Nice work.
That picture is of me getting interviewed for a Hanoi news channel. My fiance and I are travelling the world, planning to get home to Nebraska in May, 2015.
Have a look around. Visit the "speech science" section if you like to read about speech pathology or linguistics. Or check out "travels" if you want to know what it's like to bounce around Asia. If you wanna copy my ex-teacher lifestyle, read How To Get a NET Job in Hong Kong.
I like reading, eating new things, lifting weights, The Sopranos, DSP, Python and thinking about aliens.
I update when I find the time - here's hoping you find something you like. Gimme a shout at the "contact" section if you feel like it.
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News Roundup for July 13, 2011
- Please welcome Barry Mazor as Engine 145's Senior Columnist. His column will run twice monthly.
- On Saturday, Bill Anderson will celebrate his 50th Anniversary as an Opry member.
- It's Johnny Cash Weekend from Thursday to Saturday for minor league ballclub the Reno Aces. The team will be wearing black jerseys and the first 2500 fans at Thursday's game get a Johnny Cash t-shirt.
- There's a family lawsuit regarding royalties from "I'll Fly Away." The song "generated about $1.4 million in royalties between 2004 and the third quarter of 2009, according to court documents."
- Bluegrass needs more comedy, says Ted Lehmann.
- Dolly Parton added a handful of fall dates to her tour schedule. Occasional Hope looks back on Parton's classic album Jolene over at My Kind of Country.
- Josh Baron of Relix chats with Emmylou Harris.
- Wayne Mills and TG Sheppard are remaking Sheppard's 1981 hit "I Loved 'Em Everyone" which will be featured on Mills' upcoming album Long Hard Road.
- Rascal Flatts' "I Won't Let Go" has been certified digital gold.
- Blue Highway's Sounds of Home is due out on Rounder Records on August 23. The album arrives a decade after Still Climbing Mountains, the band's first all-original collection.
- Junior Sisk took to Facebook to discuss some recent personnel changes in his band Ramblers Choice: "My long time singing partner Tim Massey has decided to leave the band. He is getting married and is pursuing new endeavors…Though I am sorry to see Timmy go I am excited about the new changes in the band. We have moved Jason "Sweet Tater" Tomlin over to the bass and hired Chris Davis on mandolin. I think you will be pleased with the new configuration." Sisk will be releasing The Heart of a Song in September.
- Tim McGraw broke his foot.
- Baron of TwangNation had a blast at a Gillian Welch/David Rawlings show.
- Who's ready for a LeAnn Rimes fitness video?
- The Foundation for Bluegrass Music will be funding grants and/or scholarships this year in memory of Hazel Dickens and Carlton Haney: "A one-time fund of $10,000 has been earmarked with the following guidelines for applicants: up to $5,000 in memory of Dickens to fund public projects and/or education scholarships that foster "artistic" development involving deserving young people, and up to $5,000 in memory of Haney to fund public projects and/or education scholarships that foster bluegrass music "business" development involving deserving young people." The deadline to apply is August 15.
- Miranda Lambert's Behind the Music episode premieres tonight at 10pm Eastern.
- Grand Ole Opry historian Byron Fay has an interesting story titled "Cause for Concern? The Aging of the Opry's Cast:" "12% of the Opry's members are over the age of 80; 40% are over the age of 70 and 52% of its members are over the age of 60. Just under 10% of the Opry's members are under the age of 40."
- Jimmy Wayne's mission to help raise awareness for kids lost in the foster care system continues as he begins recreating last year's walk across America for a new documentary called Meet Me Halfway.
- Tracy Lawrence has a brand new single that's out to radio called "The Singer." Check out the EPK here.
- Time Life has announced the release of Hank Williams: The Legend Begins on September 13 with newly discovered and meticulously restored recordings of the American music legend. The album "contains the earliest recordings of a 15-year-old Williams and four songs from a home recording in 1940. The other two CDs are from Williams' first syndicated radio show in 1949, Health And Happiness, that have been restored."
- Reggae's gone country.
- Ken Morton, Jr. posted a few music videos over at That Nashville Sound, including Dana and Lauren Shankman's (formerly of Malibu Storm) cover of Tupac's "California Love."
- It's that time again: Awkward Gary LeVox Photo of the Week at Farce the Music.
7 Comments
A LeAnn Rimes fitness video? How did I not see that coming?
Loved Sierra Hull's Adele cover.
Looking foward to more great columns from Barry!
Wouldn't LeAnn Rimes need to be healthy in order to do a fitness video? Stick-thin, to me, does not equate health — rather the opposite. I would like for Eddie to start feeding her cheeseburgers.
Love seeing so many familiar faces here. :)
That "California Love" video has been out for like about a month.
Sounds Of Home is actually Blue Highway's third all-original album; the press release (and hence this news item) makes it sound like the second, but that ain't right. It's clear in the liner notes, though ;-).
Hey Juli, when is Jim Malec going to drop by so he and Jon can really get into it just like the good ole days at The 9513? Jon, its nice to see you haven't stopped picking nits at every chance you get!
Country kind of went reggae back on Ryan Shupe's first album with the song "Rain Falls Down", which is quite good by the way.
I guess I now understand why Dana and Lauren just go by their first names! Shankman? Crikey! Hopefully they will make a bigger splash as a duo than Malibu Storm, which didn't even leave a puddle…
Sierra Hull would probably do a good job covering almost any type of song. That gal is the "real deal" and quite a talent. Although she does need more humor in her bluegrass music apart from "Best Buy" anyway.
And it premiered @roughstock to great numbers. Dana & Lauren have a loyal group of fans/followers.
…there's more "things that make life easier"- videos/dvds by country stars in the pipeline:
sara evans – divorce done smoothly
jason aldean – one piercing is never enough
reba – tweeting for senior birds
john rich – taking punches in style
willie nelson – the perfect grass in your yard
brad paisley – mud in the pampers
jessica simpson – the non-country lifestyle
susie brown – singin' in bloody tight jeans
colt ford – forget about the melody
blake shelton – coping with her success
@Matt I like them – heck, I liked Malibu Storm – but I thought that video, even more than the cover itself, was kind of problematic.
Current Discussion
- Paige: Oh damn. :( I never commented here and I haven't been listening to any music at all since Thanksgiving (it …
- Dave W.: Just read the news here. Will miss E145 very much - love this site. All the best to you Juli …
- Leeann Ward: Oh, dang! This is real. Farewell to the most generous, informative, quality, intelligent, consistent, ethical country music blog! You …
- bll: Thanks Juli for all the great articles and information; you'll be missed by me and I suss several others. Best …
- Both Kinds of Music: I hope people appreciate the irony that one of the best "Americana" albums is titled Metamodern Sounds in COUNTRY Music.
- Barry Mazor: I would not rule out that possibility..There's a different set of voters involved..
- Dana M: Does anyone else think that Brandy Clark actually has a good chance of winning since this isn't a country awards …
- Juli Thanki: UPDATE: Brandy Clark got a Best New Artist nom. BEST AMERICANA ALBUM: Rosanne Cash -- The River & The Thread John Hiatt -- Terms …
- luckyoldsun: Glenn Campbell is great and I'd love to see him get an award, but the words of that song may …
- Casey Penn: Juli, it was an honor to write for you here on Engine145.com. You're good at what you do, and The …


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The term anti-defection law has been tossed around since the election fever set in. Party members from the Congress have been shifting their allegiance to BJP and contesting from the party ticket leading to usage of the law.
Here's a quick look at what the law means:
* The Tenth Schedule — popularly known as the Anti-Defection Act — was included in the Constitution in 1985 by the Rajiv Gandhi ministry and sets the provisions for disqualification of elected members on the grounds of defection to another political party.
* The law was added via the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985, soon after the Rajiv government came to power with a thumping majority in the wake of the assassination of prime minister Indira Gandhi. The Congress had won 401 seats in the Lok Sabha.
* The grounds for disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law's are as follows,
a) If an elected member voluntarily gives up his membership of a political party;
b) If he votes or abstains from voting in such House contrary to any direction issued by his political party or anyone authorised to do so, without obtaining prior permission.
As a pre-condition for his disqualification, his abstention from voting should not be condoned by his party or the authorised person within 15 days of such incident.
* As per the 1985 Act, a 'defection' by one-third of the elected members of a political party was considered a 'merger'.
* The members so disqualified can stand for elections from any political party for a seat in the same House.
* The decision on questions as to disqualification on ground of defection are referred to the Chairman or the Speaker of such House, and his decision is final.
* All proceedings in relation to any question on disqualification of a member of a House under this Schedule are deemed to be proceedings in Parliament or in the Legislature of a state. No court has any jurisdiction
* The Dinesh Goswami Committee on Electoral Reforms, the Law Commission in its report on "Reform of Electoral Laws" and the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) all recommended the deletion of the Tenth Schedule provision regarding exemption from disqualification in case of a split.
* Finally the 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003, changed this. So now at least two-thirds of the members of a party have to be in favour of a "merger" for it to have validity in the eyes of the law. "The merger of the original political party or a member of a House shall be deemed to have taken place if, and only if, not less than two-thirds of the members of the legislature party concerned have agreed to such merger," states the Tenth Schedule.
* A split in a political party will not be considered a defection if an entire political party merges with another; if a new political party is formed by some of the elected members of one party; if he or she or other members of the party have not accepted the merger between the two parties and opted to function as a separate group from the time of such a merger.
* On defection of elected members of his party, the whip can send a petition on the alleged defection to the Chairman or the Speaker of a House for their disqualification. He can also expel the members from the party. But this does not necessarily mean that the members so expelled lose their seats in the House.
Below is a list of leaders who quit parties as the Lok Sabha elections get closer:
Jasa Barad – He was the sitting MLA from Somnath constituency of Junagadh district. He left the Congress to join BJP.
D. Purandeswari – A former Union minister and daughter of famous actor-politician NTR quits Congress to join BJP.
Jagdambika Pal – He was the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh for one day and now a part of BJP cadre.
Bavku Undhad - Congress MLA from Lathi assembly constituency of Amreli district who left Congress to join BJP.
Satpal Maharaj – The senior Congress leader who has huge following in hilly area (Uttarakhand) has recently resigned from the Congress and joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Rajendrasinh Chavda – Congress MLA from Himmatnagar in Sabarkantha district. He resignation from Congress to see Narendra Modi as a PM of the country.