text:
For more detailed publication information for our researchers, please view their research profiles via the people page.
Anderson AE, Hure AJ, Forder PM, Powers J, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Loxton DJ, 'Risky drinking patterns are being continued into pregnancy: a prospective cohort study', PLoS One, 9 e86171 (2014)
Anderson AE, Hure AJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Loxton DJ, 'Women's perceptions of information about alcohol use during pregnancy: a qualitative study', BMC Public Health, 14 1048 (2014)
Burns RA, Butterworth P, Browning C, Byles J, Luszcz M, Mitchell P, Shaw J, Anstey KJ, 'Examination of the association between mental health, morbidity, and mortality in late life: findings from longitudinal community surveys', International Psychogeriatrics, (2014)
Burns RA, Byles J, Magliano DJ, Mitchell P, Anstey KJ. 'The utility of estimating population-level trajectories of terminal wellbeing decline within a growth mixture modelling framework', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, (2014)
Byles JE, Francis JL, Chojenta CL, Hubbard IJ, 'Long-term survival of older Australian women with a history of stroke', Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, (2014)
Byles J, Leigh L, Chojenta C, Loxton D, 'Adherence to recommended health checks by women in mid-life: data from a prospective study of women across Australia.', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38 39-43 (2014)
Byles JE, Leigh L, Vo K, Forder P, Curryer C, 'Life space and mental health: a study of older community-dwelling persons in Australia', Aging and Mental Health, 1-9 (2014)
Byles JE, Mackenzie L, Redman S, Parkinson L, Leigh L, Curryer C. 'Supporting housing and neighbourhoods for healthy ageing: Findings from the Housing and Independent Living Study (HAIL)', Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33 29-35 (2014)
Byles JE, Robinson I, Banks E, Gibson R, , Leigh L, Rodgers B, Curryer C, Jorm L, 'Psychological distress and comorbid physical conditions: Disease or disability?', Depression and Anxiety, 31 524-532 (2014)
Charlton K, Kowal P, Vo K, Byles J, Soriano MM, Williams S, Banks E, 'Fruit and vegetable intake and body mass index in a large sample of middle-aged Australian men and women', Nutrients, 6 2305-2319 (2014)
Chatterji S, Byles J, Cutler D, Seeman T, Verdes E, 'Health, functioning, and disability in older adults- present status and future implications', The Lancet, (2014)
Chojenta C, Harris S, Reilly N, Forder P, Austin MP, Loxton D, 'History of pregnancy loss increases the risk of mental health problems in subsequent pregnancies but not in the postpartum', PLoS One, 9 e95038 (2014)
de Carvalho IA, Byles J, Aquah C, Amofah G, Biritwun R, Panisset U, Goodwin J, Beard J, 'Informing evidence-based policies for ageing and health in Ghana', Bulletin of the World Health Organization, BLT 14.136242 (2014)
De Luca K, Parkinson L, Byles J. 'A study protocol for the profile of pain in older women: assessing the multi dimensional nature of the experience of pain in arthritis', Chiropractic and Manual Therapies, 22 28 (2014)
Dilworth S, Higgins I, Parker V, Kelly B, Turner J, 'Patient and health professional's perceived barriers to the delivery of psychosocial care to adults with cancer: A systematic review', Psycho-Oncology, 23 601-612 (2014)
Dilworth S, Higgins I, Parker V, Kelly B, Turner J, 'Examining clinical supervision as a mechanism for changes in practice: A research protocol', Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70 421-430 (2014)
Dixon SC, Herbert DL, Loxton D, Lucke JC, "As many options as there are, there are just not enough for me': Contraceptive use and barriers to access among Australian women', European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 19 340-351 (2014)
Dolja-Gore X, Loxton DJ, D'Este CA, Byles JE, 'Mental health service use: Is there a difference between rural and non-rural women in service uptake?', Australian Journal of Rural Health, 22 92-100 (2014)
Duffy L, Loxton D, Adams J, Sibbritt D, 'Complementary and alternative medicine for victims of intimate partner abuse: A systematic review of use and efficacy', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014 963967 (2014)
Gresham E, Bisquera A, Byles JE, Hure AJ, 'The effects of dietary interventions on pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Maternal and Child Nutrition, (2014)
Gresham E, Byles JE, Bisquera A, Hure AJ, 'The effects of dietary interventions on neonatal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, (2014)
Harris M, Herbert D, Loxton D, Dobson A, Wigginton B, Lucke J, 'Recruiting young women for health surveys: traditional random sampling methods are not cost-effective', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38 495 (2014)
Higgins I, van der Riet P, Sneesby L, Good P, 'Nutrition and hydration in dying patients: The perceptions of acute care nurses', Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23 2609-2617 (2014)
Hure A, Chojenta C, Powers J, Byles J, Loxton D, 'Validity and reliability of stillbirth data using linked self-reported and administrative datasets', Journal of Epidemiology, (2014)
Jackson ML, Bruck D, Sztendur EM, Diamond NT, Byles JE, 'Sleep difficulties and the development of depression and anxiety: A longitudinal study of young Australian women', Archives of Women's Mental Health, 17 189-198 (2014)
Kendig H, Byles JE, O'Loughlin K, Nazroo JY, Mishra G, Noone J, Loh V, Forder PM, 'Adapting data collection methods in the Australian Life Histories and Health Survey: A retrospective life course study', BMJ Open, 4 e004476 (2014)
Kowal P, Towers A, Byles J, 'Ageing across the Tasman Sea: the demographics and health of older adults in Australia and New Zealand.', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38 377-383 (2014)
Lai JS, Hiles S, Bisquera A, Hure AJ, McEvoy M, Attia J, 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99 181-197 (2014)
Mackenzie L, Curryer C, Byles JE, 'Narratives of home and place: findings from the Housing and Independent Living Study', Ageing and Society, (2014)
MacLellan L, Higgins I, Levett-Jones T, 'Medical acceptance of the nurse practitioner role in Australia: A decade on', Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, (2014)
Majeed T, Forder P, Byles J. 'Employment status and chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study among 60-64 year-old men and women', The International Journal of Aging and Society, 3 33-43 (2014)
May-Ling JL, McLaughlin D, Loxton D, 'Trauma exposure and the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease among mid-aged women', Journal of Behavioral Medicine, (2014)
Potter JL, Collins CE, Brown LJ, Hure AJ, 'Diet quality of Australian breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional analysis from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, (2014)
Reilly N, Harris S, Loxton D, Chojenta C, Forder P, Austin M-P, 'The impact of routine assessment of past or current mental health on help-seeking in the perinatal period', Women and Birth, (2014)
Vashum KP, McEvoy M, Milton AH, McElduff P, Hure A, Attia J, Byles J, 'Dietary zinc is associated with a lower incidence of depression: Findings from two Australian cohorts', Journal of Affective Disorders, 166 249-257 (2014)
Vo K, Forder PM, Tavener M, Rodgers B, Banks E, Bauman A, Byles JE, 'Retirement, age, gender and mental health: A cross-sectional analysis of 202,584 Australians aged 45 years and older', Aging and Mental Health, (2014)
Xu X, Byles JE, Shi Z, Hall JJ, 'Evaluation of older Chinese people's macronutrient intake status: results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey', British Journal of Nutrition, (2014)
Yego F, D'Este C, Byles J, Williams JS, Nyongesa P, 'Risk factors for maternal mortality in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya: A case control study', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14 (2014)
Adams J, Sibbritt D, Broom A, Loxton D, Wardle J, Pirotta M, Lui C, 'Complementary and Alternative Medicine Consultations in Urban and Nonurban Areas: A National Survey of 1427 Australian Women', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 36 12-19 (2013)
Adili F, Higgins I, Koch T, 'Older women and chronic illness: Transitioning and learning to live with diabetes', Action Research, 11 142-156 (2013)
Allen J, Inder KJ, Harris ML, Lewin TJ, Attia JR, Kelly BJ, 'Quality of life impact of cardiovascular and affective conditions among older residents from urban and rural communities', Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11 (2013)
Anderson AE, Hure AJ, Forder P, Powers JR, Loxton DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, 'Predictors of antenatal alcohol use among Australian women: A prospective cohort study', BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 120 1366-1374 (2013)
Baker AT, Byles JE, Loxton DJ, Graves A, McLaughlin D, Dobson A, 'Utility and acceptability of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status in a longitudinal study of Australian women aged 85 to 90', Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61 1217-1220 (2013)
Blumfield ML, Hure AJ, Macdonald-Wicks L, Smith R, Collins CE, 'Micronutrient intakes during pregnancy in developed countries: systematic review and meta-analysis', Nutrition Reviews, 71 118-132 (2013)
Byles J, Tavener M, Robinson I, Parkinson L, Warner Smith P, Stevenson D, Leigh L, Curryer C, 'Transforming retirement: new definitions of life after work.', Journal of Women and Aging, 25 24-44 (2013)
Byles JE, Forder PM, Grulich A, Prestage G, '"It's okay to ask." Inclusion of sexual orientation questions is feasible in population health surveys', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 37 390-391 (2013)
Coles T, Byles J, Dow B, Tavener M, 'Advances in gerontology research and education: Perspectives from the Australian Association of Gerontology', Australasian Journal on Ageing, 32 40-45 (2013)
DiGiacomo M, Davidson PM, Byles J, Nolan MT, 'An Integrative and Socio-Cultural Perspective of Health, Wealth, and Adjustment in Widowhood', Health Care for Women International, 34 1067-1083 (2013)
Dilworth S, Higgins I, Parker V, Kelly B, Turner J, 'Finding a way forward: a literature review on the current debates around clinical supervision', Contemporary Nurse, 45 22-32 (2013)
Downs S, Marquez J, Chiarelli P, 'The Berg Balance Scale has high intra- and inter-rater reliability but absolute reliability varies across the scale: a systematic review', Journal of Physiotherapy, 59 93-99 (2013)
Drew MK, Osmotherly PG, Chiarelli PE, 'Imaging and clinical tests for the diagnosis of long-standing groin pain in athletes. A systematic review', Physical Therapy in Sport, 15 124-129 (2014)
Halland M, Koloski NA, Jones M, Byles J, Chiarelli P, Forder P, Talley NJ, 'Prevalence correlates and impact of fecal incontinence among older women', Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 56 1080-1086 (2013)
Harris ML, Loxton D, Sibbritt DW, Byles JE, 'The influence of perceived stress on the onset of arthritis in women: Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46 9-18 (2013)
Herbert DL, Loxton D, Bateson D, Weisberg E, Lucke JC, 'Challenges for researchers investigating contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions of young women living in urban and rural areas of Australia: Face-to-face discussions to increase participation in a web-based survey', Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15 (2013)
Hosseinpoor AR, Stewart Williams JA, Gautam J, Posarac A, Officer A, Verdes E, Kostanjsek N, Chatterji S, 'Socioeconomic inequality in disability among adults: a multicountry study using the World Health Survey.', Am J Public Health, 103 1278-1286 (2013)
Hure AJ, Powers JR, Chojenta CL, Byles JE, Loxton D, 'Poor adherence to national and international breastfeeding duration targets in an Australian longitudinal cohort', PLoS One, 8 e54409 (2013)
Koloski NA, Jones M, Wai R, Gill RS, Byles J, Talley NJ, 'Impact of persistent constipation on health-related quality of life and mortality in older community-dwelling women', American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108 1152-1158 (2013)
Loxton D, Chojenta C, Anderson AE, Powers JR, Shakeshaft A, Burns L, 'Acquisition and utilization of information about alcohol use in pregnancy among Australian pregnant women and service providers', Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 58 523-530 (2013)
Loxton D, Powers J, Fitzgerald D, Forder PM, Anderson A, Taft A, Hegarty K, 'The Community Composite Abuse Scale: Reliability and validity of a measure of intimate partner violence in a community survey from the ALSWH', Journal of Women's Health Issues and Care, 2 4 (2013)
Loxton D, Robertson J, Walkom EJ, 'Costs of medicines and health care: a concern for Australian women across the ages', BMC Health Services Research, 13 (2013)
Lucke JC, Herbert DL, Watson M, Loxton D, 'Predictors of sexually transmitted infection in Australian women: Evidence from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 42 237-246 (2013)
McDonald VM, Higgins I, Gibson PG, 'Insight into older peoples' healthcare experiences with managing COPD, asthma, and asthma-COPD Overlap', Journal of Asthma, 50 497-504 (2013)
McDonald VM, Higgins I, Gibson PG, 'Managing older patients with coexistent asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease diagnostic and therapeutic challenges', Drugs and Aging, 30 1-17 (2013)
McDonald VM, Higgins I, Wood LG, Gibson PG, 'Multidimensional assessment and tailored interventions for COPD: respiratory utopia or common sense?', THORAX, 68 691-694 (2013)
McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE, 'Impact of neck dissection on scapular muscle function: A case-controlled electromyographic study', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94 113-119 (2013)
McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE, 'Scapular muscle exercises following neck dissection surgery for head and neck cancer: a comparative electromyographic study', Physical Therapy, 93 786-797 (2013)
McKiernan S, Warren-Forward H, Chiarelli P, 'Professional issues in the use of diagnostic ultrasound biofeedback in physiotherapy of the female pelvic floor', Radiography, 19 117-124 (2013)
Mehraban AH, Mackenzie L, Byles J, Gibson R, Curryer C, 'Can the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) be used to understand risk factors for falls in older Australian women?', Health, 05 39-48 (2013)
Mitchell R, Paliadelis P, McNeil K, Parker V, Giles M, Higgins I, Parmenter G, Ahrens Y, 'Effective interprofessional collaboration in rural contexts: A research protocol', Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69 2317-2326 (2013)
Parker V, McNeil K, Higgins I, Mitchell R, Paliadelis P, Giles M, Parmenter G, 'How health professionals conceive and construct interprofessional practice in rural settings: a qualitative study', BMC Health Services Research, 13 5 (2013)
Parkinson L, Curryer C, Gibberd A, Cunich M, Byles JE, 'Good agreement between self-report and centralized hospitalizations data for arthritis-related surgeries', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66 1128-1134 (2013)
Phongsavan P, Grunseit AC, Bauman A, Broom D, Byles J, Clarke J, Redman S, Nutbeam D, 'Age, gender, social contacts, and psychological distress: Findings from the 45 and Up Study', Journal of Aging and Health, 25 921-943 (2013)
Powers JR, Loxton DJ, O'Mara AT, Chojenta CL, Ebert L, 'Regardless of where they give birth, women living in non-metropolitan areas are less likely to have an epidural than their metropolitan counterparts', Women and Birth, 26 E77-E81 (2013)
Powers JR, McDermott LJ, Loxton DJ, Chojenta CL, 'A prospective study of prevalence and predictors of concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy', Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17 76-84 (2013)
Reilly N, Harris S, Loxton D, Chojenta C, Forder P, Milgrom J, Austin M, 'Disparities in reported psychosocial assessment across public and private maternity settings: a national survey of women in Australia', BMC Public Health, 13 (2013)
Reilly N, Harris S, Loxton D, Chojenta C, Forder P, Milgrom J, Austin M, 'Referral for management of emotional health issues during the perinatal period: Does mental health assessment make a difference?', Birth, 40 297-306 (2013)
Rich JL, Byrne JM, Curryer C, Byles JE, Loxton D, 'Prevalence and correlates of depression among Australian women: A systematic literature review, January 1999- January 2010', BMC Research Notes, 6 (2013)
Rich JL, Chojenta C, Loxton D, 'Quality, rigour and usefulness of free-text comments collected by a large population based longitudinal study - ALSWH', PLOS ONE, 8 e68832 (2013)
Schofield D, Shrestha R, Callander E, Byles J, Kimman M, 'Costs of being a carer: labour force participation and lost earnings among older working-aged Australians', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 37 192-193 (2013)
Schofield MJ, Powers JR, Loxton D, 'Mortality and disability outcomes of self-reported elder abuse: A 12-year prospective investigation', Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61 679-685 (2013)
Scott OM, Osmotherly PG, Chiarelli PE, 'Assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction ability in healthy males following brief verbal instruction', The Australian and New Zealand Continence Journal, 19 12-17 (2013)
Tait RJ, French DJ, Burns RA, Byles JE, Anstey KJ, 'Alcohol, hospital admissions, and falls in older adults: a longitudinal evaluation', International Psychogeriatrics, 25 901-912 (2013)
Tavener M, Byles J, Loxton D, 'Expert perceptions of the popular baby boomer image', Australasian Journal on Ageing, (2013)
Teede HJ, Joham AE, Paul E, Moran LJ, Loxton D, Jolley D, Lombard C, 'Longitudinal weight gain in women identified with polycystic ovary syndrome: Results of an observational study in young women', Obesity, 21 1526-1532 (2013)
Tembo AC, Parker V, Higgins I, 'The experience of sleep deprivation in intensive care patients: Findings from a larger hermeneutic phenomenological study', Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, (2013)
Vashum KP, McEvoy M, Shi Z, Milton AH, Islam MR, Sibbritt D, Patterson A, Byles J, Loxton D, Attia J, 'Is dietary zinc protective for type 2 diabetes? Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', BMC Endocrine Disorders, 13 (2013)
Williams JAS, Wallick CJ, Byles JE, Doran CM, 'Assessing patterns of use of cardio-protective polypill component medicines in Australian women', Drugs and Aging, 30 193-203 (2013)
Williams JS, Cunich M, Byles J, 'The impact of socioeconomic status on changes in the general and mental health of women over time: evidence from a longitudinal study of Australian women', International Journal for Equity in Health, 12 (2013)
Windsor TD, Burns RA, Byles JE, 'Age, physical functioning, and affect in midlife and older adulthood', Journals of Gerontology Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68 395-399 (2013)
Yego F, Williams JS, Byles J, Nyongesa P, Aruasa W, D'Este C, 'A retrospective analysis of maternal and neonatal mortality at a teaching and referral hospital in Kenya', Reproductive Health, 10 (2013)


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Holiday Inn Dayton/Fairborn is the official "Event" hotel.
The hotel telephone number is (937) 431-4603, FAX (937) 426-1284.
When you call, mention that you are coming to the Dayton Disneyana Event and you will be able to get the special rate, which is $99.00 a night plus state and local taxes. Rates are available for Friday night - June 12th, Friday and Saturday night - June 13th, plus up to three days before and after with advanced reservations, subject to availability. To get this rate, reservations must be made by May 14, 2015.
The area does have a number of offerings you may want to check out as well: the National United States Air Force Museum, which has a Disney Pins on Wings exhibit, the Dayton Art Institute, the Carillon Historical Park, the Aviation Trail and the Kings Island Amusement Park about 30 mins. south, just to name a few.
View of the hotel rooms.
View of the Disneyana Collectible Expo area - Coming Soon!
View of the pool area.
View of the Fitness Center
Front Desk.
Auditorium for Seminars
"The Schedule is subject to change"

subset: commoncrawl


text:
After nearly 11 years, I've finally decided to pull the plug on Usenet archive: Groupsrv.com.
The page you have requested no longer exists!
But don't panic just yet!
I've coded this page in a way, that it's monitoring each redirect & capturing data about the thread you've requested. Page you've requested is still available in Google's Usenet Archive. You should be able to access it using following URL:
Common sampling factor in JPEG
Note: I can't guarantee that all Groupsrv.com pages can be found in Google Groups, but over 90% of the content should be there. If not, try the resources below!
JPEG! – other uses, see JPEG (disambiguation). Play media In computing, JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/ JAY-peg) (seen most often with the .jpg or .jpeg filename extension)
Chroma subsampling! – higher-quality sampling schemes such as 4:4:4) DVD-Video and Blu-ray Disc. PAL DV and DVCAM HDV AVCHD and AVC-Intra 50 Apple Intermediate Codec most common JPEG/JFIF
Portable Network Graphics! – would later be part of the PNG file format. In this thread, Oliver Fromme, author of the popular DOS JPEG viewer QPEG, proposed the PING name, meaning
Pixel! – vertical sampling pitch); pixels in other systems are often "rectangular" (that is, having unequal horizontal and vertical sampling pitch – oblong in shape)
Discrete cosine transform! – engineering, from lossy compression of audio (e.g. MP3) and images (e.g. JPEG) (where small high-frequency components can be discarded), to spectral methods


text:
Dear Tom,
I have been using Voigtlander lenses since they came out. Between us my wife and I own 15/4.5 21/4 28/1.9 -35/1.7 - 35/2.5 -50/1.5 - 50/2.5 and 90/3.5. We've also used the 12, 25, 35/1.2 and 75. All are good, solid lenses with very good performance. I have no hesitation in treating them like my Leica lenses.
The bodies are inevitably less durable than a Leica but we own and use an R2A, R2S and T and have owned an R2 (again, since each came out -- consider what we do for a living). We have also reviewed the L and R3A. Again, unless you hammer them, you should have no problems -- though RF alignment is easier with Leicas.
With a little practice, you can keep both eyes open with a 0,72x Leica too. The 1:1 finder of the R3A/R3M is nice, but I'd rather have a 35mm frame as 35mm is my standard lens.
Roger (www.rogerandfrances.com -- where you might care to take a look at the blurb about our book, 'Rangefinder', Guild of Master Craftsmen 2003, ISBN 1-86108-330-0)


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Performance level and sexual harassment prevalence among female athletes in the Czech Republic.
This article investigates whether there is a relationship between the sport performance level of female athletes inside the sport (at clubs, competitions, or training events) and outside sport (in family or community settings) and the likelihood that they will be victims of sexual harassment. The study sample consisted of 595 women from the Czech Republic and was divided into three performance groups: elite, non-elite/competing, and exercisers. No significant differences were found between the groups in relation to overall cases of sexual harassment, but when their experiences of sexual harassment inside and outside sport were examined, the picture changed. The chances of being harassed by someone in sport increased with performance level, from 29.7% among the exercisers to 55.2% among the elite-level athletes. However, the highest proportion of women experiencing sexual harassment was seen in the group of the exercises outside of sport (73%). This article discusses the prevalence of sexual harassment in relation to the gender order in Czech society.
The results presented in this article are from a larger research project on issues related to women in sport in the Czech Republic. The project was initiated by the Women and Sport Committee of the Czech Olympic Committee in cooperation with the Czech Sport Union. The goal of the research was to assess the present role and situation of women in sport organizations in the Czech Republic. One of the main research questions was that of female athletes' experiences of sexual harassment.
Previous research on sexual harassment among athletes has generally been guided by assumptions about the pattern of gender relations in sport (Fasting & Brackenridge, 2007). In particular, sport has often been conceptualized as a male-dominated culture, which facilitates various forms of discrimination against female athletes, including sexual harassment from coaches and male athletes (Messner, 2002; Messner & Sabo, 1994; Volkwein, Schnell, Sherwood, & Livezey, 1997). A Norwegian study indicated that female elite athletes suffer higher levels of sexual harassment while inside sport (from authority figures) than their non-sport peers experience outside sport (from teachers or supervisors) (Fasting, Brackenridge, & Sundgot-Borgen, 2003).
Conversely, researchers have argued that athletic participation can protect female athletes from sexual victimization through a variety of social-psychological mechanisms (Choi, 2000; Haywood & Dworkin, 2003; Miller, Sabo, Melnick, Farrell, & Barnes, 2000). These accounts suggest that sport is a source of empowerment in many girls' lives, helping them to develop a positive body image and identity and to make confident choices about relationships and sexuality. To this extent, and within the context of research and theory on sexual harassment prevention, sport might be said to protect females from some forms of sexual victimization (Fasting et al., 2003). Fasting et al. also suggested that sport offers some protection to female athletes because it develops their strength, self-confidence, and sense of physical adeptness, characteristics that have previously been associated with rape resistance and avoidance (Bart, 1981). However, limited support for this hypothesis was found in a large dataset from college-aged students in the USA (Fasting, Brackenridge, Miller, & Sabo, 2008).
In relation to sport performance level, most of the research on the prevalence of sexual harassment in sport has been conducted on elite or former elite-level female athletes (Brackenridge, 2001). The study of Norwegian elite-level female athletes by Fasting, Brackenridge, and Sundgot-Borgen (2000) found a higher prevalence of sexual harassment among the very best athletes (those who had participate in participated in a World Championship and/or the Olympic Games) compared with elite-level female athletes in the sample who had not participated in such international championships.
Based on her qualitative research in the Netherlands, Cense (1997) suggested that the risk factors for sexual harassment in top-level sport are different from those in recreational sport. In recreational sport the power relationship was less influential than the 'organization sexuality' (Hearn, Sheppard, Tancred-Sheriff, & Burrell, 1989) and the gender culture of sport clubs. This culture was often characterized by sexual permissiveness, with many remarks and jokes from men about the appearance and sex life of women.
In their study of sexual harassment and abuse in Australian sport, Leahy et al. (2002) compared prevalence data between elite and club-level athletes: the elite group reported significantly higher rates of sexual abuse in sport than did the club group but, as with other studies of sexual harassment in sport (Kirby, Greaves, & Hanvkivsky, 2000; Volkwein et al., 1997), data were not collected from exercisers. Accordingly, relatively little is known about the comparative sexual harassment experiences of non-elite athletes and exercisers. Further, we know of no published data on this topic in former communist countries.
From the literature, we identified the following research questions:
1. Does the overall prevalence of sexual harassment of female athletes differ when they are inside and outside of sport?
2. Does the prevalence of sexual harassment differ between female elite athletes, non-elite/competing athletes, and exercisers?
3. Are there any differences in the prevalence of sexual harassment among elite athletes, non-elite athletes, and exercisers when inside and outside of sport?
By 'inside sport' we refer to sexual harassment perpetrated by someone involved in a club, competition, or training event, such as a coach or a peer athlete. By 'outside of sport' we mean sexual harassment by someone unconnected with the participants' sport activity in the family or community, such as a relative, friend, or stranger.
Material and Methods
Sample Characteristics
A total of 595 women participated in the study, comprising 169 elite-level athletes, 212 from the club level and 214 sport students. The sport students were recruited from the three universities in Czech Republic where it is possible to study sport. Most of the students were in their third or fourth year. The participants lived all over the country, but most of the elite athletes lived in Prague.
The participants were divided into three performance-level groups for the purpose of analyzing the sexual harassment data: elite-level athletes (n=229), non-elite level athletes (n=224), and exercisers (n=142). The criteria for inclusion in the elite group were that the athletes trained at least four times a week and had participated in an Olympic Games, a European Championship, or a World Championship, or had competed at the international level within the previous 1-2 years. The non-elite level/competing group consisted of those athletes who were competing in sport but who did not qualify for the elite group. The exercisers were those who simply practiced a sport but who did not compete.
The average age of the participants was 22.8 years with the youngest being 15 years old and the oldest 55 years old. The elite athletes were the youngest (mean=21.8 years) and the exercisers the oldest (mean=23.7 years).
Data were gathered through a questionnaire, which was written in English, then translated into Czech and then back into English to ensure that the Czech version had the correct meaning. It was also pilot tested on a group of 10 people representing different levels of involvement in sport.
Data collection took place where the athletes were training and where the students were studying. The reasons for not doing the survey through the mail were that we wanted to secure the highest possible response rate and wanted to secure the highest possible response rate and wanted the participants to have the opportunity to ask questions if there was something in the questionnaire that they did not understand. The questionnaires were coded and analyzed with SPPS version 13 (Statistical Program Package for Social Sciences). Chi square tests were used to test the relationship between variables in the cross-tables. Testing for differences between experiences of sexual harassment inside sport and experiences of sexual harassment outside of sport was carried out by the use of a nonparametric binomial test. This is an exact test of the statistical significance of deviation from one distribution of observations in a category (experience of sexual harassment inside sport), compared with the distribution of observations in another (experience of sexual harassment outside of sport).
Within the overall questionnaire on sport experiences, three questions measuring the athletes' experiences of sexual harassment were asked. It is important to note that for a sexual attention to be defined as sexual harassment it had to have been experienced as unwanted or threatening, troublesome, insulting, or offensive (Fitzgerald, Swan, & Magley, 1997). One issue frequently discussed in the research literature on sexual harassment is that women will report experiencing unwanted sexually harassing behaviors but not necessarily label those experiences as sexual harassment (Barak, Fisher, & Houston, 1992; Welsh, Carr, MacQuarrie, & Huntley, 2006). For example, in a comparative study among American and Brazilian female students there was a large discrepancy between the prevalence of sexual harassment when objectively and subjectively defined and measured (Barak, 1997). Accordingly, we deemed it particularly important to measure the participants' objectively experienced behaviors, particularly because sexual harassment was virtually a non-issue in the Czech Republic, both in sport and in society at large, when data gathering was underway. Therefore, we asked the athletes if they had ever experienced the following situations:
a) Unwanted physical contact or body contact (e.g., pinching, hugging, fondling, being kissed against your will, etc.).
b) Repeated unwanted sexually suggestive glances, comments, or teasing and jokes about your body, your clothes, your private life, etc.
c) Ridiculing of your sport performance and of you as an athlete because of your gender or your sexuality (e.g., "Soccer is not suitable for girls").
For each of these questions, participants were asked to indicate on the survey whether they had experienced it from a male or female coach, a male or female peer-athlete, a male or female member of the sport management team, a male or female teacher, a male or female peer-student, a male or female family member, and/or from other males or females outside the sport or family. In presenting the results, experience of sexual harassment means that a respondent marked one or more forms of sexual harassment on the survey; it does not indicate the severity, frequency, or total number of these experiences. Experience of sexual harassment from someone inside sport means that a respondent marked one or more of the categories 'from a coach,' 'members of the sport management team,' and/or 'peer athletes.' Experience of sexual harassment from someone outside sport means that one or more of the following categories were marked: 'teacher,' 'peer-student,' 'family member,' and/or 'males or females outside the sport family'.
We could find no trace of formal ethics procedures for social sciences in the Czech Republic when this study was undertaken. Therefore, we followed careful guidelines that conform to good research practice elsewhere (American Psychological Association, 2003). Before completing the questionnaire, participants were informed that the results would be presented in such a way that it would be impossible to recognize any individual, or even any specific sport. Some very high-profile female athletes participated in the study so, in order to secure valid answers from them, it was important that they trusted us completely in relation to confidentiality. This was also important for all participants, since some fairly personal and sensitive questions were asked.
Other factors that might have influenced the validity of the data were coding and data entry. Two research assistants systematically checked each other's coding to reduce errors. In addition, further visual scrutiny of the data was conducted to identify data-entry mistakes. We therefore have no reason to believe that the data do not have a high degree of validity. The participants in the study represented 68 different sports and physical activities in total. In addition, we are confident that there was a good geographical representation from across the country and that the results can thus be generalized to other Czech female athletes beyond our sample.
Altogether, 72% of the athletes who responded to this survey had experienced some form of sexual harassment. As found in other studies (Fasting et al., 2003), the Czech athletes had experienced sexual harassment more often from someone outside of sport (58.3%) than from someone inside sport (44.9%). Therefore, regarding research question 1, "Does the prevalence of sexual harassment of female athletes overall differ when they are inside or outside of sport?" the answer for these Czech athletes is 'yes.'
Figure 1 shows that there are no significant differences between the three performance-level groups in relation to the sexual harassment experienced. The answer to research question 2, "Does the prevalence of sexual harassment differ between female elite athletes, non-elite/competing athletes, and exercisers?" is therefore 'no.'
Finally, regarding research question 3, "Are there any differences in the prevalence of sexual harassment among elite athletes, non-elite athletes, and exercisers when inside or outside of sport?" Table 1 shows that the chances of being harassed from someone in sport increase with performance level, from 29.7% among the exercisers to 55.2% among the elite-level athletes. But there is a much higher chance of being sexually harassed by someone outside of sport for a woman belonging to the exercise group (73.2%) compared with one who is a sport competitor (53.2%) or elite athlete (54.1%). Among the elite-level athletes there is no difference in the prevalence of sexual harassment experienced inside or outside of sport. The difference that was found in relation to research question one is therefore only valid for the two other performance groups, whose participants experienced more sexual harassment outside than inside the sporting environment.
Table 1 Female Athletes' Experience of Sexual Harassment and Performance Level Inside Inside Outside Non-parametric Sport Sport Binomial Test - Inside Sport vs. Outside Sport Performance Group n % n % Elite 123 55.2 120 54.1 p=0.391 Competing 94 43.9 115 53.2 p=0.004 Exercising 41 29.7 101 73.2 p=0.000 Total 258 44.9 336 58.3 p=0.000 Chi-Square p=0.00 p=0.00 Test-Performance Groups
The prevalence of sexual harassment among this group of Czech athletes is very high, both inside and outside of sport, when compared with data from similar studies in sport from other countries. But it is almost impossible to make confident comparisons of harassment prevalence rates internationally due to differences in sampling procedures, methodological approaches, vocabulary and connotative meaning of questionnaire items, anonymity and confidentiality of disclosures, etc. (Barak, 1997).
The comparatively high prevalence of sexual harassment among this particular participant sample should be set in the context of the overall gender order of Czech society (Vaskova, 2006). Equal rights between women and men in a society and whether sexual harassment is prohibited by law may be crucial factors affecting the prevalence of sexual harassment. Equal rights and harassment legislation did not exist in the Czech Republic when the data for this project were being collected. On the other hand, studies from other countries which have had such legislation in place for some years indicate that the problems appear to be more complicated (Timmermann & Bagemer, 1999). Vaskova points out that both past and current sociological research reveals that a degree of tolerance for mild forms of sexual harassment is characteristic of Czech society. This finding is also supported by Vesinova-Kalivodova (2005), who argues that the Czech Republic is both a pre-feminist and a post-communist society. In that context, substantial differences are evident between the new and old democracies in relation to the European Union and its policy on gender equality. Gender relations in these post-communist societies have not yet been transformed to match those in older democracies, in part due to the chauvinist culture associated with the communist past of these countries (Girginov, 2004; Haerpfer, 2002).
Many authors have stated that sexual harassment is primarily about control and power, but especially the kind of power that is based on the gender order--in other words, the privileges of heterosexual masculinity. From a feminist perspective, men's power over women has been related not only to individual men with power over women but also, according to Connell (2002), to patriarchal power that has been institutionalised and officially supported. Interestingly, 69% of athletes in this study had experienced some sexual harassment from men and 28% from women, but only 3% had some sexual harassment exclusively from women and 36% exclusively from men. This reinforces previous research that shows that males are overwhelmingly responsible for perpetrating sexual harassment (Gruber & Morgan, 2005). Nonetheless, it also leads us to question earlier totalizing concepts such as 'patriarchy' that have been used to explain gender domination (Whelehan, 1995). The involvement of women in sexual harassment has yet to be clearly explained both within and outside of sport. It is possible that, as women's sport increases in prominence and cultural relevance, women begin to adopt negative male habits such as sexual harassment (Brackenridge, 2001).
The higher percentage of sexual harassment experienced by the athletes overall outside of sport compared to inside sport is primarily due to the experiences of the non-elite/competing respondents. In relation to the question of whether sport affords athletes some protection from sexual harassment, the data here offer some confirmation of this. The findings show that being a competitive female athlete does appear to offer more protection from being harassed outside of sport than is the case for exercisers. Being physically strong and having high self esteem--which are outcomes associated with female sport--may thus protect women from harassing situations in general (Fasting et al., 2008). However, this protective effect does not seem evident inside sport, since the highest risk group within sport is the elite athletes. This finding may indicate something particular about the culture of elite-level sport. The elite sport milieu is still structurally dominated by men (Women, Leadership and the Olympic Movement, 2004) and by an unequal power balance between men and women. This is also the case in the Czech Republic (Fasting & Knorre, 2005). In addition to the emerging research trend showing increased risk at the highest performance levels, identified above, there is also some evidence from practice that coaches at this level are more resistant than their peers at lower performance levels to educational interventions that attempt to transform coach-athlete power relations and culture in elite sport (Collins, 2004).
This study examined the prevalence of sexual harassment experiences reported inside and outside of sport by female athletes at three performance levels. The study helps to illuminate previously unreported data about the sexual harassment of female athletes in an under-researched cultural location--the Czech Republic. To avoid perpetuating the bias of white, middle class, social democratic cultures in sport science and medicine, it is vital that systematic research is conducted in all ideological and political locations. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission has produced a Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport (IOC, 2007) that urges practical steps to improve athlete safety and health. At the same time, UNICEF is working toward the implementation of a global violence-prevention strategy and now includes sport within this remit (Brackenridge et al., in press). Only through international cooperation, and with a strong evidence base, will such initiatives have an impact on female athletes' safety and health.
American Psychological Association. (2003). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html.
Barak, A. (1997). Cross-cultural perspectives on sexual harassment. In W. O'Donohue, (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 263-301). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Barak, A., Fisher, W. A., & Houston, S. (1992). Individual difference correlates of the experience of sexual harassment among female university students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 17-37.
Bart, P. B. (1981). A study of women who were both raped and avoided rape. Journal of Social Issues, 37(4), 123-137.
Brackenridge, C. H. (2001). Spoilsports: Understanding and preventing sexual exploitation in sports. London: Routledge.
Brackenridge, C. H., Fasting, K., Kirby, L., & Leahy, T. (in press). Exercising rights: Eliminating violence against children in sport. Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.
Cense, M. (1997). Red card or carte blanche: Risk factors for sexual harassment and sexual abuse in sport. Arnhem, The Netherlands: The Dutch Olympic Committee and Confederations of Sports.
Choi, P. Y. L. (2000). Femininity and the Physically Active Woman. London: Routledge.
Collins, T. (2004). Child protection in high performance gymnastics: Interim report. Unpublished report to British Gymnastics.
Brackenridge, C. H. (Ed.). (2010). Sport, children's rights and violence prevention: A Sourcebook on global issues and local programmes. Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.
Connell, R. W. (2002). Gender. Sydney, Australia: Polity.
Fasting, K., & Brackenridge, C. H. (2007). Women athletes' personal responses to sexual harassment in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 419-433.
Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C. H., Miller, K. E., & Sabo, D. (2008). Participation in college sports and protection from sexual victimization. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(4), 437-441.
Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C. H., & Sungot-Borgen, J. (2003). Experiences of sexual harassment and abuse amongst Norwegian elite female athletes and non-athletes, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(1), 84-97.
Fasting, K., Brackenridge, C., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2000). Females, elite sports and sexual harassment: The Norwegian Women Project 2000. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Olympic Committee.
Fasting, K., & Knorre, N. (2005). Women in sport in the Czech Republic: The experience of female athletes. Oslo, Norway & Prague, Czech Republic: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences and Czech Olympic Committee.
Fitzgerald, L.F., Swan, S., & Magley, V. J. (1997). But was it really sexual harassment? Legal behavioral and psychological definitions of the workplace victimization of women. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 5-28). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Girginov, V. (2004). Totalitarian sport: Towards an understanding of its logic, practice and legacy. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 5(1). 25-58.
Gruber, J. E., & Morgan P. (2005). In the company of men: Male dominance and sexual harassment Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Haerpfer, C. W. (2002). Democracy and enlargement in post-communist Europe: The democratisation of the general public in 15 central and Eastern European countries, 1991-1998. London: Routledge.
Haywood, L., & Dworkin, S.L. (2003). Built to win: The female athlete as cultural icon. London: University of Minnesota Press.
Hearn, J., Sheppard, D., Tancred-Sheriff, P., & Burrell, G. (Eds). (1989). The sexuality of organization. London: Sage.
International Olympic Committee (2007). Consensus statement on sexual harassment and abuse in sport. Lausanne, Switzerland: IOC. Retrieved November 27, 2007, from http/www.olym-pic.org/uk/organization/commissions/medical/full_story_uk.asp?id=1539.
International Olympic Committee and Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy, Loughborough University. (2004). Women, leadership and the Olympic Movement: final report.
Kirby, S., Greaves, L., & Hankivsky, O. (2000). The dome of silence: Sexual abuse and harassment in sport. London: Zed Books.
Leahy, T., Pretty, G., & Tenenbaum, G. (2002). Prevalence of sexual abuse in organized competitive sport in Australia. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8(2), 16-36.
Messner, M. A. (2002). Taking the field, women, men and sports. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Messner, M. A., & Sabo, D. (Eds.), (1994). Sport, men and the gender order. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Miller, K. E., Sabo, D., Melnick, M., Farrell, M. P., & Barnes, G. (2000). Health risks and the teen athlete: A Women's Sports Foundation research project. Eisenhower Park, NY: Women's Sports Foundation.
Timmermann, G., & Bajema, C. (1999). Sexual harassment in Northwest Europe. The European Journal of Women's Studies, 6, 419-439.
Vaskova, R. (2006). Sexual harassment in the workforce. Prague, Czech Republic: Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs. Retrieved June 20, 2007, from http://www.eurofound. europa.eu/ewco/2006/07/CZ0607019I.html.
Vesinova-Kalivodova, E. (2005). Czech society in-between the waves. European Journal of Women's Studies, 12, 421-435
Volkwein, K., Schnell, F., Sherwood, D., & Livezey, A. (1997). Sexual harassment in sport: Perceptions and experiences of American female student-athletes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 23(3) 283-295.
Welsh, S. J., Carr, J., MacQuarrie, B., & Huntley, A. (2006). "I'm not thinking of it as sexual harassment": Understanding harassment across race and citizenship. Gender & Society, 20, 87-107.
Whelehan, I. (1995). Modern feminist thought: From the second wave to 'post-feminism'. United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
Kari Fasting, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Celia Brackenridge, Centre for Youth Sport and Atlete Welfare, Brunel University, UK; Nada Knorre, Czech Olympic Committee
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MOVIEmeterSEE RANK
Down 4,594 this week
The Cardinal's Conspiracy (1909)
| Drama, Short | 12 July 1909 (USA)
A royal woman rejects her arranged marriage. The cardinal hatches a plan: the suitor will shave and change clothes. He arranges with 4 clowns to stage an attack on the princess which he ... See full summary »
Director:D.W. Griffith


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Tasteful EVENTS
Site location, menu options and ambiance
are all tailored to event objectives!
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Baily Event Management Inc.(BEM Inc.) is a full service association and event management company.
BEM's event planning strategy is formulated through a partnership combining the thoughts and ideas of the client's organizing committee and our event management skills. We produce realistic critical paths that enable us to create a smooth, enjoyable journey for all involved to a successful, seamless event on time and budget.
Baily Event Management STAFF
Francisca Eckstein
Francisca Eckstein, BA (hons) joined BEM in winter 2007, where she directs pre-event planning and manages onsite client services.
Her fund development and grant writing experiences in the educational sector has resulted in numerous learning enhancement initiatives. She is involved with various volunteer committees, where stakeholders from the non-profit, education and corporate sector work together to foster community engagement.
Francisca is a graduate from Ryerson Polytechnic University, with an Honours BA in Business Administration, majoring in Information Systems Management. She also possesses a Certificate in Human Resources Management.
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Founder, Principal - Christine Baily, BGS, CMP is an event producer, association manager and consultant with over 16 years experience in the public, not for profit and association environment. She has demonstrated the ability to lead diverse teams to new levels of success; meeting and exceeding the financial goals and strategic objectives organizations strive for within their events.
Christine has produced national and international events with attendance ranging from 50 to 5500. A part-time professor with Fleming College, she has taught for seven years in the Event Management Post Graduate Certificate Program and the Office Administration Executive Program. Her experience with Fleming College includes redesigning courses and development of new courses within the event management field.
Christine holds a Bachelor of General Studies – Applied Designation from Athabasca University, a Certified Meeting Professional (CMP) designation from the Convention Industry Council and a Certificate in Adult Education from Seneca College. She is currently working towards a Certified Association Executive (CAE) designation through the Canadian Society for Association Executives (CSAE).
Christine is a member of the Canadian Society for Professional Event Planners (CanSPEP) and a member of the Canadian Society of Association Executives (CSAE).
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Arvind Kejriwal took the nine-o-clock flight to Varanasi just as the results of the 2014 general elections were trickling in. He surely would have hoped for victory — and yet would also have realised that victory could well be out of his reach. Narendra Modi clearly won the day. The stock market was in a tizzy in anticipation of his arrival at 7, Race Course Road, and media pundits had been endlessly beating their drums for more than a month. An atmosphere had been created, battling which was not easy for the Aam Aadmi Party — ill-equipped to match the massive financial resources and manpower of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
But here is the thing about the Aam Aadmi Party that imbues it with a certain kind of invincible charm. Beat this fledgling party down to the ground and it shrugs the dust off and rises again. We have seen such a process of mutation and resurrection since the days the Anna Hazare-led anti-corruption movement petered out. I saw it while tracking the unique campaign of the party in Varanasi — its volunteers unpaid and without hope of plum jobs in the power structure — sweating it out on Varanasi's streets.
The future of the AAP is not necessarily at stake, even though many would fervently hope for such an eventuality. The hostility of sections of Left-liberal activists to AAP, many of whom even went to the extent of describing Kejriwal as an "RSS agent", has been disturbing — to put it mildly. The propensity of these critics of AAP to project a decaying, bankrupt party like the Congress as the sole alternative to the BJP, has damaged the cause of secularism where it matters the most. Like crony capitalism, crony Congressism was evident in the recent campaigns in Varanasi even when the AAP was the only party taking on the mighty apparatus of Modi and party. At the end of the day one wonders who was the true "RSS agent"? The party which contested the Sangh Parivar against all odds or the myriad "secular" forces that actively worked to split the secular vote in places like Varanasi?
Perhaps one of the most important questions at this historic juncture of Indian politics is: Will the overwhelming electoral sweep by Modi lead the AAP to a new phase of politics? Not just politics of resistance as is in its DNA, but also of moving ahead with its alternative discourse — whether on development or political culture.
Senior AAP leader Yogendra Yadav has already said that the party will return to the streets, forge links with social movements, and present an alternative idea of India. Many AAP volunteers in Varanasi, coming from different streams of consciousness and walks of life had said the same — they wanted to craft a different imagination of India. That very imagination that could now well be in peril following the election results and the huge majority won by a party known for its right-wing politics and economics.
It may be pertinent to mention here the concerns of some political analysts who, in the election programme anchored by NDTV India's Ravish Kumar and Abhigyan Prakash, said that a dangerous message has been sent out by the BJP in this election outcome: Muslims have become redundant in India's electoral politics. On hearing this, my thoughts returned to Mushtak, the Muslim rickshaw puller in Varanasi, who told me on reaching me to my hotel: "Kejriwal haar jayega toh mera dil toot jayegaa (My heart will break if Kejriwal loses)". We are now left picking up the pieces.
The writer is Editor dna of thought


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Travelling on the bus is something some of us HAVE to do in order to get anywhere. Many people not accustomed to bus travel and do not do it frequently hate the experience though I'm starting to believe accustomed bus travellers actually start to enjoy the whole experience.
When I was attending college, I had to travel by bus for 1 hour and 10 minutes to college and then again home from college. In the start I hated it, what a waste of time I thought it was, always awkward when an overweight stranger sits down next to you and you find your face being squashed against the glass.
However - After several months I begun to like travelling on the bus, I begun to notice patterns that infrequent bus travellers would never notice. I am now a self imposed expert bus traveller. Do not confuse this to be a hobby, I do not travel the bus as some type of weird hobby, though I expect these people do exist somewhere. There are several different types of bus travellers and each of them have their own entertainment value, I'm going to go into and describe them for you.
1. The Sleeping Guy
You've seen him. Hes sitting in his chair hunched over fast asleep, he moves with the forces of the bus. At times he'll lift his head up only to drop it back down again, any minute now you expect him to face plant into the floor or into someone elses lap, you sit their hoping for this outcome that ultimately never comes. This guy a pro sleeper, whenever he gets onto the bus he knows he will be taking a nap on this journey. You'll find one on almost every bus.
2. The Inavertant Entertainers
Every single bus (apart from empty ones) has them. Two loud talking friends or indeed, strangers strike up a conversation and every other passenger secretly listens in. We never discuss the fact that we are listening but we all know, and we all form exactly the same opinion as each other. "These two are boring" or "this is entertaining", many a time have I been dissapointed by this particular set of people. One of the worst ever conversations I've had the misfortune to hear was a few days ago, here's how it played out
Entertainer 1: You get the 141 to your house but I get the 414, isnt thaty funny
Entertainer 1: Its hard to remember which bus I'm supposed to get, they're so similar
Entertainer 2: Yeah I know what you mean
Entertainer 1: I mean your bus goes to my house but it takes longer, mine is much faster
I banged my head against the window several times before getting off of the bus a few stops early, just to avoid hearing anymore.
3. The Crazy Lady
I'm sure you're instantly picturing your crazy lady right now, if you're not, you clearly don't travel the bus often enough. This lady will talk to everyone she possibly can, including herself. She will also take it upon herself to wake at people outside of the bus, this is something that should never be done. When you get onto a bus you agree that whilst on this particular bus, the bus will own you. Anyone not on said bus is to be seen as a dodgy outsider. This lady however ignores these unwritten rules. She'll go as far as banging on the window and shouting someones name if she knows them. Entertaining for about 5 minutes, beyond that you want to chuck her off the moving bus.
4. The Music Player
Possibly the most annoying passenger you can get. This one sits at the back of the bus in his favourite tracksuit bottoms looking like hes just rolled in from The Jeremy Kyle Show. He takes out his mobile phone and proceeds to play the worst kind of music known to man, Rap or Dubstep. He will play this music for the entire journey annoying every single other passenger on board, no one says a word to him, we simply tut out loud and curse at him in our heads.
If you would like to share your bus travelling stories/add to the list here, please feel free to comment. And remember, the top deck front seat above the driver is mine, I have claimed it, so please, do not sit there.
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- Source: Kings Won't Trade Cousins for Draft Picks
- Should The Celtics Trade Up In The 2015 Draft?
- Bringing The Pain in Maine: Red Claws Beasts Of The East
- The Needed Swede: The Rise of Jonas Jerebko
- Celtics Must Continue To Invest in James Young
- Celtics Deal for JaVale McGee Falls Apart
- Is James Young Already Overrated?
- Isaiah Thomas wins Player of the Week
- Does Jared Sullinger Have a Place on the Celtics?
- The Emergence of Avery Bradley
Betting on the Boston Celtics
- Updated: January 25, 2013
Currently the National Basketball Association season is in the middle of their season. As fans of the game follow their favourite teams, so do sports bettors. Whether they like the sport or not, basketball is currently one of the hottest sports for sports betting. For instance, many follow the Boston Celtics and place wagers on the results of their games. Some people may not want to bet on sports for a variety of reasons though. Some may be a little worried about tempting fate by doing so and others may be short of confidence when placing money on something so unpredictable. For those that fall into this category there are alternatives; the internet has not only given rise to online bookmakers along with the benefits there, but also online casinos.
As with the bookmakers, these casinos have reaped many of the benefits that the internet has brought us. You can research odds alongside the games you are playing in another tab and you don't have to dress up smart and head out like you would if you were heading to a land-based casino. The range of games is just as big as well – all the classic casino card games are there such as Poker, Baccarat and Blackjack and the range of online slots machines is staggering, which brings us onto the reason sports fans may find a good alternative here. Many sites such as Gaming Club online casino have started to develop sports-based slots games. These games allow for a bit of light fun and escapism from the game if your team aren't doing so well, and can be played at any time from your smartphone. This provides a nice escape at half time if needed and you can't predict any second half turnarounds to put on at the online bookies.
If you're not looking for an alternative though hopefully we can help. When betting on Celtics basketball sportsbooks found at online bookmakers will offer different kinds of bets. For those new to basketball betting knowing the differences is key. After all, if you place a type of wager that you do not understand, then you could potentially lose money.
Single bets can be placed on the Boston Celtics. This kind of bet uses a point spread to encourage wagers to be placed not only on the favoured team but the underdog as well. Simply reading the spread established can indicate which team is the favourite and which team is the underdog.
For instance, maybe for an upcoming game the online bookies have assigned a point spread value to Boston which is -8.5. On the other hand, their opponents, the Los Angeles Lakers may be assigned a value of +8.5. To level out the point spread, this means 8.5 needs to be taken off the score of the Celtics while 8.5 should be added to the score of the Lakers. Since the Celtics score is taken off, this means they are favoured to win.
If a sports bettor places their wager on the Boston Celtics, then this means they would have to defeat the Lakers by 9 points for the bettor to win. However, if they wish to bet on the underdog, the Lakers must win the game or lose by eight points or more. To find out a specific point spread for upcoming Boston Celtics game, check out the information found at an online bookmakers.


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I'm a first-generation Latina from Mexican parents, born in Hollywood, California and currently living in downtown Los Angeles.
I remember dressing up as a witch for Halloween as a young child. I painted my entire face green and my lips ruby red, all on my own! I'll never forget my green-stained skin for the days that followed.
I would be jetting off to Playa del Carmen and would grab Vegas Volt Lipstick because it's a gorgeous, bright coral that I'd use on both my lips and cheeks. It would only get better with my tan! Also, Pro Longwear Concealer to cover any imperfections and Zoom Waterfast Lash because it's the perfect waterproof mascara.
Boot Black Liquid Eye Liner. I've always been obsessed with winged eyeliner because it makes me feel instantly sexy. And of course I pair it with my other obsession,
My everyday look is makeup I feel pretty in and that only takes a few minutes to apply. I begin with Studio Moisture Cream then Studio Moisture Tint SPF15. Next, I hide any imperfections with Studio Finish SPF 35 Concealer then set it with Mineralize Skinfinish using the 130 Short Duo Fibre Brush. I finish my look with Ruby Woo Lipstick. When I bump it up for the evening, I'll add a winged liner using Blacktrack Fluidline
Everyone should always carry Blot Film in his or her makeup bag. It's the easiest, colourless product for touchups. Share it and your friends will love you for it.
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text: The Ghostbusters wiki last edited by NightFang on 01/31/14 05:11PM View full history The Ghostbusters started when a group of unemployed scientists had the unique idea of creating a ghost-removal type service. Located in a run down fire house in New York City the group now are famous around the globe, especially in New York.The Ghostbusters deal with a whole host of different paranormal problems, from taking care of a poltergeist, to dealing with a demi-god (Gozer ).The Ghostbusters consist of four members: Egon Spengler (The brain of the Ghostbusters), Ray Stantz (The heart of the Ghostbusters), Peter Venkman (The public spokesperson), Winston Zeddemore (The most balanced Ghostbuster) and Janine Melnitz the Ghostbusters loyal secretary. Egon SpenglerRay StantzPeter Venkman Winston ZeddemoreFor the Ghostbusters to do their job properly they rely on the equipment that Egon Spengler created. These devices include: Proton Pack: a cyclotron particle accelerator attached to an alice frame that discharges protons in order to neutralize negatively charged electromagnetic radiation given off by ghosts. The beam of protons is discharged via a Neurtron Wand also known as a Particle Thrower. The beam in a sense "lassos" the spook/spectre/ghost to be held until a Ghost Trap is in place. Ghost Trap The Ghost Trap: a containment vessel that traps and secures the spook/spectre/ghost until it can be downloaded in to the Containment Unit. The trap is deployed once the entity is held in the proton beam via Neutron Wand. The trap is opened beneath the subject and is then pulled into the secure holding vessel.


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Pronunciation: 오염되다
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I think that you should give HoN a chance. I suspect that a lot of the talk about the difficultly of the HoN quests is coming from people who tried to shoehorn existing decks into these scenarios. I firmly believe that you can make effective decks for these scenarios with a more limited card pool (especially if you include Beregond as one of your heroes). Sure, if you don't like tactics you're going to be hard-pressed to field a deck that beats the HoN scenarios with any sort of consistency, but I do not think that you need every LotR card ever printed to make a workable deck.
Solo is a different matter, but assuming you are playing with two players, and the other deck includes Spirit/Lore for cancel/healing, you can make a very effective tactics/leadership deck that will serve as your questing and combat deck for the HoN scenarios.
This deck is off the top of my head, but it only requires 1 core set, 3 chapter packs (2 of which you may already have) and HoN:
Beregond (HoN)
Allies: 24
Errand Rider (HoN) x3
Gondorian Spearman x3
Defender of Rammas (HoN) x3
Vassal of the Windlord (The Dead Marshes AP) x3
Winged Guardian (The Hunt For Gollum AP) x3
Veteran Axehand x3
Gandalf x3
Beorning Beekeeper (Conflict at the Carrock AP) x2
Beorn x1
Attachments: 14
Citadel Plate x2
Citadel Spear (HoN) x2
Dwarven Axe x2
Horn of Gondor x1
Steward of Gondor x2
Song of Battle (The Dead Marshes AP) x1
Dunedain Mark (The Hunt for Gollum AP) x2
Dunedain Warning (Conflict at the Carrock AP) x2
Events: 12
Feint x2
Swift Strike x1
Sneak Attack x2
Thicket of Spears x1
Behind Strong Walls (HoN) x3
Campfire Tales (The Hunt for Gollum AP) x3
I'm not claiming that this deck is automatic against the HoN scenarios, but assuming you play it with a support deck that can cancel some treacheries, quest during the few "normal" stages, and heal Gimli and Gloin when needed, this can be a very effective deck. I think it's a myth that you have to have all of the cards to make effective decks; certainly, it makes it easier, but there are some very good cards in the core set.
Ultimately, we all have our own preferences of the level of difficulty that we prefer. Personally, I really enjoy the challenge of the new scenarios, particularly the way that Battle and Siege quests have forced me to reexamine tactics cards that I previously may have dismissed. I encourage you to keep an open mind, and consider that even without buying other AP's or Expansions, Heirs of Numenor is something that you might enjoy.


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any news ???
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Where can I download the RRDroid plugin
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Is there a way to run Waze on PC ?
I hope I did not cause a war
Thank you very much for the help
I'll try to check it in the car tomorrow
Currently I'm running windows 7
I have windows XP car
This is what I get
I do not know how to use Your plugin
Looks better
Looks better
What it means
Is it possible to run Waze on PC
Is it possible to run Waze on PC
Hi pierrotm777
Thanks for the fast replay & the plugin
I installed the plugin and the sample skin
This is what I get
Hi all
Is there a way to display the battery percentage or Charging of the computer on the RR screen ?
What should I do to connect iphon through blue tooth with RR
Hi All
When I use Ozi or any other navigation software without Xport the CPU Usage is reasonable And when I use them with Xport the CPU USAGE 100%
Does anyone have an idea?
Elli H
Hello everyone
I have a question Regarding Speed cam with IGO-8
After adding SpeedcamUpdates.spud to the d:GO8_PC\content\speedcam directors
I can see the cameras on the map but not getting...
working very good
thanks it's working fine
how can i do it ?


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- Moving Agency Applications to the Cloud with PaaS
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- Security in the Age of Targeted Attacks
- Air Traffic Management Transformation Report
- The Business of Cloud
- Cloud First Report
- Data Driven Cloud Series
- Disaster Resilience for America
- General Dynamics IT Enterprise Center
- Gov Cloud Minute
- Government in Technology Series
- Homeland Security Cybersecurity Market Report
- The Intersection: Where Technology Meets Transformation
- Modern Mission Critical Series
- National Cybersecurity Awareness Month
- The New IP for Federal IT
- The Social Platform Solution for the Department of Veterans Affairs
- Technology Insights
- The Cyber Security Report
- The Next Generation Cyber Security Experts
Shows & Panels
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Herndon law against pestering drivers may soon change
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RATTS crawling around area retailers
RATTS, or Retail Anti-Theft Teams, have recovered thousands of dollars worth of stolen cologne, perfume, clothing, iPhones and much more from organized bands of out-of-state thieves who are targeting area stores on both sides of the Potomac River.
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Description: Subscribe our channel http://www.youtube.com/tseriesLike us: http://www.facebook.com/tseriesmusicFollow us: http://www.twitter.com/_TseriesSong - Mujhe Raat Din BasFilm - SangharshSinger - Sonu NigamLyricist - SameerMusic Director - Jatin Pandit, Lalit PanditArtist - Akshay Kumar, Priety Zinta, Ashutosh Rana, OthersMusic On - T-SeriesSet it as your caller tune - http://goo.gl/AjiP4U
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Book Search
International Competition in China, 1899-1991
The Rise, Fall, and Restoration of the Open Door Policy
Series: Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia
China's recent economic reforms have opened its economy to the world. This policy, however, is not new: in the late nineteenth century, the United States put forward the Open Door Policy as a counter to European exclusive 'spheres of influence' in China. This book, based on extensive original...
Published April 16th 2015 by Routledge
Naval Power and Expeditionary Wars
Peripheral Campaigns and New Theatres of Naval Warfare
Series: Cass Series: Naval Policy and History
This book examines the nature and character of naval expeditionary warfare, in particular in peripheral campaigns, and the contribution of such campaigns to the achievement of strategic victory. Naval powers, which can lack the massive ground forces to win in the main theatre, often choose a...
Published October 7th 2013 by Routledge
Naval Coalition Warfare
From the Napoleonic War to Operation Iraqi Freedom
Series: Cass Series: Naval Policy and History
This is the first scholarly book examining naval coalition warfare over the past two centuries from a multi-national perspective. Containing case studies by some of the foremost naval historians from the US, Great Britain, and Australia, it also examines the impact of international law on...
Published January 26th 2010 by Routledge
Naval Blockades and Seapower
Strategies and Counter-Strategies, 1805-2005
Series: Cass Series: Naval Policy and History
This new collection of scholarly, readable, and up-to-date essays covers the most significant naval blockades of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Here the reader can find Napoleon's Continental Blockade of England, the Anglo-American War of 1812, the Crimean War, the...
Published December 20th 2005 by Routledge
Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989
Series: Warfare and History
Why did the Chinese empire collapse and why did it take so long for a new government to reunite China? Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989 seeks to answer these questions by exploring the most important domestic and international conflicts over the past two hundred years, from the last half of the...
Published February 22nd 2001 by Routledge


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Bemusement Park
To get my son psyched about a trip abroad, I promised him a stop at Disneyland Paris—a mistake bad weather and long lines only compounded
When I was a little boy, my parents took me to visit a family friend who was missing a finger. When he saw me staring at his four-fingered hand, the man told me he used to work in a factory. One day, his wristwatch fell into a machine, and when he instinctively reached into its guts, the sharp blades severed his finger.
"It was just a split second," he said with a sigh. "But by the time my brain told my arm it was better off not digging into that machine, I had nine fingers left."
I remember listening carefully and trying to look sad. But the powerful sense of hubris pulsing deep inside me told me that these sorts of things might happen to unlucky strangers, but not to me.
"If I ever drop a watch into a machine full of blades," I thought to myself, "there's no way I'll do something stupid like reach in to get it."
I thought about that story a few weeks ago, on the morning my wife and I told our son, Lev, who is almost 6 years old, that we were going on a family trip to Paris. My wife talked excitedly about the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre, and I mumbled something about the Pompidou and the Luxembourg Gardens. Lev just shrugged his shoulders and asked wearily if we could go to Eilat instead. "It's just like going abroad," he reasoned, "except everyone speaks Hebrew."
And then it came, that split-second error that I would pay for dearly. The kind of mistake that leaves you with an even number of digits, admittedly, but that inflicts an emotional scar from which you can never recover.
"Have you ever heard of Euro Disney?" I asked in a cheerful voice, bordering on hysteria.
"Euro-what?" asked Lev. "What's that?"
My wife immediately stepped in with her well-honed survival instincts. "Oh, nothing," she said. "It's just this place where—you know, it's really far away and very silly. Come on, let's look at some pictures of the Eiffel Tower on the web."
But Lev had perked up now: "I don't want to see the Eiffel. I want to see pictures of the place Dad just said."
That afternoon, when the boy went to his Capoeira class, where they've spent the past two years teaching him how to expertly kick his peers to a Brazilian beat, I approached my wife tearfully and asked for forgiveness: "He sounded so unexcited about the trip, and I just wanted to cheer him up."
"I know," she said and hugged me warmly. "Don't worry. Whatever it is we have to get through, it'll go by quickly. However horrible it is, it's just one little day in the rest of our lives."
Two weeks later, on a gray, damp Sunday morning, we found ourselves shivering in the square outside what's now called Disneyland Paris. Sad employees in happy uniforms physically blocked our access to the rides. "Entrance is currently permitted only to residents of the Disney Hotel and holders of the Disney Passport, which may be purchased at the box office," one of them explained in a throaty, doleful Amy Winehouse voice.
"I'm cold," Lev whimpered. "I want that lady to let us in."
"She can't," I said and breathed some warm air on his nose in a pathetic attempt to melt the frozen snot hanging from his nostrils.
"But those kids went in," he wailed, pointing at a cheery group of children who waved their shiny Mickey Passports at Ms. Winehouse. "How come they get to go in and I don't?"
I tried an inappropriately serious response: "Remember how we talked about the social protest in summer? About how not everyone gets the same opportunities?"
"I want Mickey!" the boy whined. "I want to talk to Mickey about this. If he and Pluto knew what that lady was doing, they'd let us in."
"Mickey and Pluto don't really exist," I said. "And even if they did, how likely is it that a dog and a mouse could influence the profit-maximization policy of a successful publicly traded company? Chances are, if Mickey came to our aid, he'd be fired in—"
"Popcorn!" the boy yelled, "I want popcorn! Glow-in-the-dark popcorn like that fat girl is eating over there!"
After two boxes of unusually sticky popcorn that would become phosphorescent poop later that evening, Winehouse let us and another thousand or so desperate families in, and we all lunged at the rides. My peacenik wife, in her desire to avoid trampling a crying baby, stepped aside briefly, costing us another 20 minutes' wait for the Dumbo carousel. The line seemed very short when we were standing in it. That, perhaps, is the true genius of the place: the ability to snake the lines around in a way that always makes them look short. While we were waiting, I read a few interesting tidbits about Walt Disney on my iPhone. The site I was on claimed that, contrary to urban legend, Disney wasn't really a Nazi but just a regular anti-Semite who hated Communists and was especially fond of Germans.
Scattered around us in the confusing labyrinth of lines were some ornamental stone posts sprouting tiny plants. Lev complained that the miniature trees stank. At first I told him he was just imagining it, but after I saw the third father hold his son up above a post so he could pee on it, I realized that the same god who had blessed the park's designers with transcendental architectural wisdom had also blessed my son with keen senses. It was a little warmer by now, and Lev's snot was liquid again. My wife sent me off to find a tissue. I discovered on my quick excursion that anything you can buy with money could be easily obtained in the park, but unprofitable items like bathrooms, straws, or napkins were virtually impossible to find. By the time I got back to my family, Lev was gleefully climbing off the Dumbo carousel. He ran over and hugged me.
"Dad! That was fun!" As if on cue, a huge Mickey Mouse appeared and started chatting with the visitors.
"Tell Mickey," Lev instructed me, "that we want to open up a Shekel Disney just like this one in Israel."
"What's a Shekel Disney?" I asked.
"It's like here, but instead of taking euros from people, we'll take shekels," explained my financial midget.
Mickey came closer. Now he was within touching distance. I threw out a "Bonjour" in his direction, hoping to break the ice. "Welcome to Disneyland Paris!" Mickey replied, waving at us with a white-gloved, four-fingered hand.
Translated by Jessica Cohen
How to Be Grateful
Children parrot their parents in every way—so if you want your kids to feel and express gratitude more frequently, you have to do that yourself
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- American Readiness: Renewable Power and Efficiency Technologies
- Ask the CIO
- The Business Case for Cloud Computing in Government
- Cloud-Driven Data Insights in Government
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- Cybersecurity Game Changer: Real-Time Event Processing in Government
- Data-Centric Approaches to Government in the Cloud
- Delivering the Digital Government Mission
- Federal Executive Forum
- Federal News Radio's National Cyber Security Awareness Month Special Panel Discussion
- Federal Tech Talk
- The Future of Government Data Centers
- Government Perspectives on Mobility and the Cloud
- Industrialized, Interoperable and Insight-driven Federal Health Panel
- Innovation and Tech Superiority through Acquisition Reform
- Mitigating Insider Threats in Virtual & Cloud Environments
- Moving Agency Applications to the Cloud with PaaS
- Reducing Risk in the Cloud
- Security in the Age of Targeted Attacks
- Air Traffic Management Transformation Report
- The Business of Cloud
- Cloud First Report
- Data Driven Cloud Series
- Disaster Resilience for America
- General Dynamics IT Enterprise Center
- Gov Cloud Minute
- Government in Technology Series
- Homeland Security Cybersecurity Market Report
- The Intersection: Where Technology Meets Transformation
- Modern Mission Critical Series
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- The New IP for Federal IT
- The Social Platform Solution for the Department of Veterans Affairs
- Technology Insights
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- Reimagining the Next Generation of Government
- Transforming Business Operations at the Defense Department
Police: Airport security officer killed in Ohio
Sunday - 12/9/2012, 4:02pm EST
CLEVELAND (AP) - A Transportation Security Administration officer was fatally shot by her husband Sunday before he killed himself on an off-site parking lot at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, authorities said.
Before turning the gun on himself, the husband fired at a second TSA employee but missed, police spokesman Sgt. Sammy Morris said. The late morning shooting at an airport employee parking lot was an apparent homicide and suicide, Morris said.
No names were immediately released.
Morris said the husband and wife were estranged, but investigators weren't sure of a motive for the shooting.
The wife and the second TSA employee were commuting to work; the husband apparently followed his wife to the lot, blocked her in her car by his vehicle, and then began firing, Morris said. The other TSA worker wasn't hurt, police said.
Morris said the wife and the other TSA employee, a man, were not romantically involved.
The shooting occurred at a lot north of the airport in an industrial area along Interstate 480.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)