text:
It's true: some people judge books by their covers, and some potential buyers judge patterns by their listings. No problem; just make a great listing!
Great Photos Matter
- Use live models to show the finished item in action. If your pattern is for a child, find a cute kiddo to show it off! If it's a plus-sized sweater that complements curves, find a plus-size friend to model it. In other words, buyers want to see your pattern in action on a real person.
- Take pictures in natural light. Most people don't have access to professional lighting equipment and photo assistants. So to make your photos look great, try shooting them in natural (day) light. Flashes are harsh and can cause glare and other unpleasant effects. Sun, on the other hand, is like that giant Klieg light in the sky. But remember, shoot with the sun behind you, or to the side of your subject, otherwise it will be backlit and hard to see.
- Don't take pictures of yourself. If you want to model your design, have someone else take the photo. By having a friend take a picture (or you taking a picture of a friend), you can get more angles/views of the design–a definite positive!
Great Descriptions Spark Interest
- Be descriptive. This is your first (and likely only) opportunity to convince your reader why your design is so fabulous. So don't leave anything important out. Talk about your inspiration, share what makes it so different/unique/special/wonderful, and describe how fun it is to make. They say the devil is in the details, but you might find it's actually the sale that's in the details.
- Be concise. You might think that this is contradictory to the first step, but they go hand-in-hand. The key is saying it in an easy-to-understand and efficient way. Don't say "Kids are the kind of people who will look good in the sweater I made with this design." Instead, say: "This sweater looks great on kids!"
- Include specific sizing information, if appropriate. Not only will this please potential customers and help close more sales, it will save your precious time answering tons of detailed questions about sizing from potential buyers.
A Few Final Kickers…
- Make sure the 'Price is Right.' Search the web for current prices on patterns that are similar to yours. This is what your potential buyers will do to decide if you are offering a fair price. Make sure your pattern is competitive!
- Give buyers someone to relate to. People who seek out indie patterns are often motivated by interest in buying from a real person, instead of a hobby-centered corporation. So, don't be afraid to share a few details about yourself and your crafting life. You'd be surprised of the difference it makes!
- Proofread. It's worth the extra few minutes to preview and re-read what you've written to make sure you've said everything you wanted to say, and you've spelled things correctly and made things easy to understand. Misspellings and confusing phrasing can appear unprofessional to potential customers (no matter how great your pattern is).
Good luck! We're thrilled to feature your patterns to the Craftsy community. If you have any questions on how to sell your patterns on Craftsy, please send an email to email@example.com.


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OCR for page 9
9 Nishizawa et al. (11) reported an endurance limit of 200 ms void levels were targeted, resulting in relationships between based on the analysis of in-service pavements in Japan. Simi- fatigue life and both air void content and asphalt content. larly, strain levels at the bottom of the asphalt layer of between Voids filled with binder (VFB) have been a typical parame- 96 and 158 ms were calculated based on back-calculated stiff- ter used in fatigue life prediction equations. Harvey and Tsai ness data from the falling-weight deflectometer for a long-life (15) caution against the use of VFB since various combina- pavement in Kansas (12). Others (13, 14) report similar find- tions of air voids and asphalt content will produce the same ings, particularly, the absence of bottom-up fatigue cracking VFB. Maupin and Freeman (9) note that there was little in thick pavements and the common occurrence of top-down increase in fatigue life resulting from an increase of 0.5% cracking. binder, but significant increases were seen with an increase of 1.0% binder. Factors Affecting Fatigue Life Strategies to Produce A significant amount of fatigue research was conducted in Long-Life Pavements the 1960s and 1970s. Epps and Monismith (1) provide a summary of the effects resulting from binder stiffness, A number of strategies have been put forth to promote the asphalt content, aggregate type, aggregate gradation, and air likelihood of constructing a long-life pavement, including: void content. Table 2.1 indicates the relative affects of these polymer modification, rich bottom layers, and high-modulus components. The authors conclude that binder stiffness and asphalt bases. air void content have a larger influence on fatigue life than aggregate type and gradation. The SHRP A-404 research (3) Polymer Modification noted that angular aggregates tended to produce both stiffer mixes and longer fatigue lives. Harvey and Tsai (15) Fatigue testing and analyses of asphalt mixtures made evaluated the effect of air voids and asphalt content on with modified asphalt binders has been performed in sev- fatigue life. In most previous evaluations, a constant com- eral studies. In 1988, Goodrich presented an early study on the paction effort was used to produce samples. This results in fatigue performance of polymer modified mixes (17). In this air voids being highly correlated with the asphalt content of study, three unmodified asphalt binders with different tem- a given mix in which case there is little relationship between perature susceptibilities and two modified asphalt binders-- asphalt content and fatigue life. In this instance, specific air produced using one base asphalt and two levels of modification Table 2.1. Factors affecting the stiffness and fatigue behavior of hot mix asphalt (16 in 1). Factor Change in Effect of Change in Factor Factor On Stiffness On Fatigue On Fatigue Life in Life in Controlled Controlled Stress Mode of Strain Mode Test of Test Asphalt Penetration decrease increase increase decrease Asphalt Content increase increasea increasea increaseb Aggregate Type increase in increase increase decrease rough texture and angularity Aggregate Gradation open to increase increase decreased dense Air Void Content decrease increase increase increased c Temperature decrease increase increase decrease Notes: a Reaches optimum level above that required by stability considerations. b No significant amount of data; conflicting considerations of increase in stiffness and reduction of strain in asphalt make this speculative. c Approaches upper limit at temperature below freezing. d No significant amount of data.
OCR for page 9
10 (not identified)--were evaluated using mixture fatigue tests. Testing was conducted on mixtures using 10 Hz sinusoidal The intent was to correlate binder properties with mixture loading with a peak-to-peak strain of 800 ms. The test tem- fatigue performance. Laboratory testing was conducted using perature was selected for each mixture as the temperature flexural beam fatigue at 25�C and 1.67 Hz loading frequency where the intermediate temperature requirement was met in controlled stress mode. Tests were conducted at an initial (G*sin = 5000 kPa). So, unlike other studies in which the strain level of 400 ms, and findings indicated that the fatigue temperature was fixed (usually at 20�C), the viscous compo- lives of the two modified asphalt binders were an order of nent of the shear modulus was fixed. magnitude greater than the fatigue life of one of the unmod- A brief examination of the data in the report indicates that ified asphalt binders (produced from the same source as the the fatigue lives of the modified mixtures could be signifi- base asphalt used to create the modified asphalt binders). The cantly different. Mixtures made with a PG 82-22 asphalt base asphalt properties appear to be important in the perform- binder produced using a radial styrene-butadiene-styrene ance of the modified asphalt binders. Mixtures made with one (SBS) modifier had fatigue lives at 24�C that were two to five unmodified asphalt binder with low temperature susceptibil- times the fatigue lives (tested at 32�C) of mixtures made with ity, had approximately two to three times the fatigue life of the an unmodified (oxidized) PG 82-22 asphalt binder. Since the polymer modified mixtures. G*sin value was the same for each of these mixtures at their During the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), respective test temperatures, the researchers considered the the A-003A contractor evaluated the use of the flexural beam intermediate temperature criterion in the PG binder specifi- fatigue test as a mixture performance test for fatigue. The cation to be inadequate for assessing the fatigue characteris- modified asphalt mixtures experiment (MAME), described tics of asphalt binders. in SHRP Report A-404, was performed to determine if the A temperature equivalency experiment conducted during fatigue characteristics of modified mixtures could be evalu- SHRP (18) indicated a strong relationship between temper- ated using the flexural beam fatigue test (18). Asphalt mixtures ature and fatigue life at a given strain level, with fatigue life were made using one aggregate source, three asphalt binders decreasing as the temperature decreased. Thus, it could be (AAF-1, AAG-1, and AAK-1), and three modifiers (identified hypothesized that the difference in fatigue life between the as M-405, M-415, and M-416). Test results indicated that SBS-radial modified PG 82-22 mixtures and the oxidized the addition of modifier M-405 to each of the three asphalt PG 82-22 mixtures would be greater if the test temperatures binders decreased the fatigue life compared to the unmod- had been equal. ified asphalt mixes. The addition of modifiers M-415 and Monismith et al. (20) reported on the development of the M-416 had a negative effect on the fatigue life of mixes made design and specifications for the California I-710 rehabilita- with AAG-1, but substantially increased the fatigue life (by tion. In the study, AR-8000 (roughly equivalent to a PG 64-10 approximately three to five times) of mixtures made with or PG 64-16) and PBA-6a (PG 64-40) asphalt binders were AAK-1 compared to the unmodified mixtures. A validation used to prepare mixtures for testing. When tested at 20�C study was performed using slab wheel track tests on mixtures using the procedure described in AASHTO T321, the mea- made with AAG-1 and the three modifiers. Although the sured fatigue life of the PBA-6a mixtures was approximately results were similar for the M-405 modifier (decrease in an order of magnitude (10 times) greater than the fatigue fatigue life), the M-415 and M-416 modifiers resulted in an life of the AR-8000 mixtures. This relationship seemed to be increase in fatigue life from the slab wheel track test. This was affected by the applied strain resulting in an increased dif- contrary to the findings of the flexural beam fatigue tests. ference between the two sets of fatigue lives at higher strain Shortly after the implementation of the Superpave levels. performance-graded asphalt binder tests and specification, Lee et al. (21) reported on a laboratory evaluation of the users recognized that the properties of modified asphalt effects of aggregate gradation and binder type on mixture binders may not be characterized properly using the Super- fatigue life. Using uniaxial tension fatigue test results (con- pave binder tests. This led to the funding of NCHRP Project ducted at 25�C) and a viscoelastic fatigue model, the authors 9-10, "Superpave Protocols for Modified Asphalt Binders," calculated that mixtures made with an SBS-modified PG 76-22 in 1996. The research (19) was conducted by the University asphalt binder had 10 times greater fatigue life than mixtures of Wisconsin-Madison, Asphalt Institute, and NCAT, under made with an unmodified asphalt binder, regardless of aggre- the direction of Hussain Bahia. gate gradation. The NCHRP 9-10 research evaluated the effectiveness of the Research performed in 2002 by the Asphalt Institute for intermediate temperature stiffness requirement (G*sin the Asphalt Pavement Alliance evaluated the possibility of a 5000 kPa) by performing flexural beam fatigue tests on four fatigue endurance limit by testing mixtures made with two aggregate structures (gravel and limestone, coarse and fine asphalt binders (PG 64-22 and PG 76-22) and two asphalt gradation) using nine different modified asphalt binders. binder contents at various strain levels. The results, shown in
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11 1.E+09 1.E+08 Cycles to Failure 1.E+07 64-22 Opt 64-22 Opt+ 1.E+06 76-22 Opt 1.E+05 76-22 Opt+ 1.E+04 1.E+03 10 100 1,000 Strain (x10-6) Figure 2.3. Fatigue life comparison for modified and unmodified mixes (22). Figure 2.3, indicate that the mixtures made with the PG 76-22 reported in SHRP Report A-404, one asphalt-aggregate asphalt binder have approximately an order of magnitude (i.e., mixture (RB aggregate and AAG-1 asphalt binder) was used 10 times) greater fatigue life than the mixtures made with the to prepare specimens at three different levels of air voids PG 64-22 asphalt binder. and two different levels of asphalt binder content (4.5 and Von Quintus (23) conducted a study to quantify the effects 6.0%). The effect of asphalt binder content on fatigue life was of polymer modified asphalts. Based on a literature review, Von a primary focus of this study since the 8 � 2 expanded test Quintus reported that PMA mixtures generally last about 25% program experiment did not evaluate asphalt binder content longer than conventional mixtures. Some premature failures as a variable. A separate 2 � 2 pilot test program used two caused concern. However, most of the failures were " . . . found asphalt binder contents defined as optimum and high--with to occur prior to the adoption of the Performance Graded (PG) the high asphalt binder content established as 0.6% higher binder specification and can be traced back to inferior con- than the optimum asphalt binder content. For the 2 � 2 struction (for example, high air voids), inferior materials, pilot test program, a statistical analysis of results from flex- and/or inadequate design thickness." The study also notes ural beam fatigue (controlled stress and controlled strain) and "One of the more important findings from the recent field other tests indicated that asphalt content did not signifi- experiments is that many of the PMA pavements are not cantly affect fatigue life (18). exhibiting fatigue cracking or have less load-related crack- The results of the mix design fatigue experiment indicate ing than the control sections (unmodified mixtures)." that asphalt binder content significantly affected flexural stiff- In summary, there appears to be significant historical data ness (decreasing by 8% as asphalt binder content increased) indicating that the laboratory fatigue performance of modi- and fatigue life--increasing the fatigue life by 67% as the fied asphalt mixtures is greater than mixtures made with asphalt binder content increased from 4.5% to 6%. As in other unmodified asphalt binders. In some reported cases, modi- experiments, increasing the air void content resulted in a fied asphalt mixtures have exhibited an order of magnitude decrease in flexural stiffness of 33% and a decrease in fatigue greater fatigue life compared to unmodified asphalt mix- life by 45% as air voids increased from 4% to 8% (18). tures. The fatigue characteristics appear to be dependent on Harvey and Tsai (25) conducted a study on the effects of the base asphalt binder used for modification. asphalt content and air void content on mixture fatigue and stiffness. Samples were produced at five asphalt contents: 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0% by weight of aggregate and Rich Bottom Layers three ranges of air voids: 1% to 3%, 4% to 6%, and 7% to 9%. The concept of a rich bottom layer originated from the In this experiment, a constant compaction effort was not Australian experience (24) and was explored during SHRP used, so air voids were independent of asphalt content. Con- experiments. Two potential benefits are created through stant strain tests were performed at two strain levels: 300 and the use of a rich bottom layer: increased asphalt binder con- 150 ms. Analysis of the data indicated that higher asphalt con- tent and decreased air voids in the bottom layer (as a result of tent and lower air voids resulted in longer fatigue lives. Lower easier compaction created by the additional asphalt binder). asphalt content and lower air voids resulted in higher initial Several known literature sources confirm the rationale stiffness. Instead of using stiffness in mixture fatigue life pre- for these concepts. In the mix design fatigue experiment diction models, the authors recommended evaluating the


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Did you know that good oral hygiene is essential for your child from the very start? That's because healthy gums and teeth help your child chew properly and speak clearly. In addition, teeth and gums also shape your child's face and make way for adult …Continue Reading Save that Smile!
New Year, new baby, new, healthier you! Most people know that smoking causes cancer, heart disease, and other major health problems. Smoking during pregnancy is especially harmful, causing additional health problems including premature birth, certain birth defects, and infant death. Here are some facts about …Continue Reading Facts about Smoking and Pregnancy!
Children are naturally curious. They are bound to explore and wander around the house as they play and learn. It is important to know that sometimes children can become exposed to dangers in the home without being aware of what they are doing. Each year, …Continue Reading Poison Prevention!
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), reports that 3 out of every 4 car seats are used incorrectly. Choosing the right car seat can be overwhelming. There are many models to choose from, such as convertible and "all-in-one" or "3-in-1," forward-facing, rear-facing, and booster …Continue Reading Choosing the Right Car Seat!
It may be hard to think about, but fall is right around the corner – and with it, the start of another school year! Whether your child is just entering preschool/kindergarten or a seasoned pro heading back to the classroom, there are lots of …Continue Reading Back-to-School Immunizations!
Summers in New England tend to be short— which is why we do our best to enjoy them! Staying cool by going for a swim at the pool or beach is a great way to enjoy the summer weather. However, a day at the pool …Continue Reading Water Safety: Simple Steps to Preventing Child Drownings!
As warmer weather finally arrives and windows are opened to let the breeze in, we often hear the grim news that another child has fallen out of a window to an untimely death or sustained serious injuries from a fall. The leading cause of …Continue Reading Kids Can't Fly! Learn about Window Safety
Lead poisoning can delay a child's ability to learn, play, and live a healthy life. If inhaled or swallowed, lead and lead dust can hurt the brain, kidneys, and central nervous system resulting in developmental and behavioral problems, and even death. In the United States, …Continue Reading Lead Ed: Learn How to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning
Did you know that each year an average of 24,000 children end up in the emergency department due to injuries and falls from shopping carts? A recent study found that between 1990 and 2011, more than 530,000 children visited the emergency department for a shopping …Continue Reading Shopping Cart Safety: Learn to Prevent Kids from Falling!
New Year's is a perfect time to set goals that aim at improving your physical and mental well-being. Adopting a healthy behavior can be a great way to start the year! Most people know that smoking causes cancer, heart disease, and other major health problems. …Continue Reading Go Smoke Free in 2014!


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Papatoetoe train station is on the Southern Line of the Auckland railway network. It is between Station Road and Shirley Road, across the street from Papatoetoe West School, and has an island platform layout.
The old station building, restored by the Papatoetoe Railway Station Preservation Trust, has been moved to the corner of Station Road, Shirley Road, Tavern Lane & St George Street. Parts of this building dated back to 1875. A new station was constructed on the present site.
The old station is an integral part of the area's history, with Old Papatoetoe developing as a commercial centre.
|The railway line from Auckland reached Papatoetoe. The first railway station was built between May and August and named Papatoitoi Station (note spelling). The building was on the western side of the present road bridge.
|The stationmaster was removed from the station due to the financial depression. The station became an unofficered flag station until 1914.
|The station name was changed to Papatoetoe.
|The station had two rooms added to it, and was open for all business, with a new stationmaster being appointed. Reports list the station as being moved to the western side of the track.
|The station was moved and resited.
|The station reopened, with a 14-ft diameter railway windmill and a 6000-gallon water vat. These provided water for the station and for locomotives that shunted or turned at Papatoetoe. A peaked roof and verandahs were added during this time.
|The reinforced concrete road bridge south of the station was built by the Public Works Department, replacing a temporary wooden structure.
|A row of railway houses was built in Station Road, on the west side of the station. Fabricated sections were supplied by the New Zealand Railways House Factory, Frankton.
|The windmill and water tower were removed after the station was connected to the town water supply.
|After a burglary, the goods shed was set alight and burnt down.
|Staff were withdrawn after a centralisation of booking offices.


text:
- Exchange: MICEX Main
- Sector: Utilities
- Industry: Utilities
- Sub-Industry: Utility Networks
Federal Grid Co Unified Energy System JSC+ Add to Watchlist
As of 12:59:00 ET on 05/29/2015.
Company Profile for Federal Grid Co Unified Energy System JSC (FEES)
Federal Grid Co Unified Energy System JSC provides long-haul electricity transmission.
Contact Information
Federal Grid Co Unified Energy System JSC
5A Akademika Chelomeya St
Moscow, 117630
Russian Federation
Phone: 7-495-710-93-33
Fax: 7-495-710-96-55
Key Executives for Federal Grid Co Unified Energy System JSC (FEES)
|Andrey Evgenevich MurovChairman-Mgmt Board
|Valery Anatolyevich GoncharovFirst Dpty Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Andrey Valentinovich KazachenkovFirst Dpty Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Vladimir Petrovich DikoyDeputy Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Nikolai Igorevich PozdnyakovDeputy Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Maria Gennadyevna TikhonovaDeputy Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Alexander Arkadevich ZaragatskyDeputy Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Alexander Vasilevich VasilievDeputy Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Dmitry Lyvovich ShishkinDeputy Chairman-Mgmt Board
|Vladimir BaklanovHead:Investor Relations
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text:
The warm, dry week of Jan. 21, 1976, was much like Orange County has experienced in recent days. Add a spark from a welder's torch at Camp Pendleton, and San Clemente found itself on the 11 o'clock news.
A wildfire swept over the ridge from Camp Pendleton, charring 2,400 acres, destroying 16 San Clemente homes and damaging 144 others. Fire crews from around Southern California assisted the San Clemente Fire Department.
The fire 35 years ago was a historic event for the seaside town. Two years later, under the leadership of Fire Chief Ron Coleman, the city developed the nation's first ordinance requiring fire sprinklers in all new homes. Coleman went on to become California's fire marshal and president of the International Association of Fire Chiefs.
Now a firefighting consultant and author of textbooks, he lives in Elk Grove, near Sacramento. He and his wife, Marie, have a second home in San Clemente.
We asked Coleman to look back 35 years:
Q. Did the 1976 fire help change the fire service?
A. It helped to change the fire service throughout California. The day the fire occurred in San Clemente, we had a large number of wildfires burning throughout the state. The mobilization efforts were huge. As a result of fires in the '70s, FIRESCOPE (Firefighting Resources of California Organized for Potential Emergencies) was created. FIRESCOPE has been directing policy and procedure on mutual aid ever since.
Q. Did code changes result?
A. There were no direct code changes as a result of that specific fire. However, beginning in 1973, up until the time I left San Clemente in '84, there was a continued emphasis on fire-code development to build a safer community. San Clemente was on the leading edge of many fire-code developments that are now in international codes.
Q. What is San Clemente's distinction in the fire service?
A. We created the first residential sprinkler ordinance. That concept has been embraced by the International Code Council and has resulted in a new paradigm for fire protection.
Q. Have others picked up on what San Clemente did?
A. At one point when I was state fire marshal, we identified in excess of 700 ordinances nationwide before the concept was introduced into the International Code Council. The Orange County Fire Authority is a leading contributor to that concept.
Q. If the fire happened today, what might be different?
A. The very area where we staged our initial lines of defense is covered with homes today, and the ridgeline where we had our backs to the wall is now in the middle of all that development. The outer fringes of San Clemente still face a threat. But more modern building and fire codes have altered the nature of that exposure. Another fire could occur. ... Having said that, we have stronger codes and a highly developed mutual-aid system. The next fire is likely to have a different outcome.


text:
THE world's most powerful particle smasher is moving on to heavy ions in its bid to explore the universe's first microseconds.
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, near Geneva, has already met its 2010 target for the number of proton collisions. It is set to start colliding lead ions in November.
"It's one of the largest steps that any collider has made over its predecessor, possibly the largest in history," says John Jowett, lead physicist for heavy ion collisions at the LHC. As the ions smash into each other they will create a fireball of the quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons. The collision energies should far outstrip those achieved by the current record holder, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York.
Contrary to early expectations, the RHIC collisions showed that particles in the soup of quarks and gluons behave as if they are in a liquid. It will be interesting to see whether this behaviour holds at the LHC's higher temperatures, says Peter Steinberg of Brookhaven.
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New Hampshire is holding two public hearings today in its House of Representatives (HR 147 at 10 o'clock, HR 162 at one o'clock) on two separate proposals to expand the death penalty. That's right - in the midst of all the challenges across the country to capital punishment (Illinois, for example), there are still jurisdictions that appear to be solidly in support of sentencing defendants to death.
Please see full article below for more information.
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Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
I'm a longtime nvidia-on-linux user, going on about 10 years now. Imagine my dismay when I hear about this Optimus disaster, just when I'm trying to buy a new laptop. Tell me if this is the correct bottom line:
On any laptop that has an Nvidia card with Optimus, Linux will be unable to use the Nvidia card and will only have access to the integrated intel graphics.
and therefore:
Since optimus is now so widespread that manufacturers may not always advertise it as a feature, the only safe choice for a Linux user is to avoid Nvidia on laptops completely.
please tell me it's not that black and white, it's too depressing. My only option seems to be to pay an extra $1000 premium for a Macbook Pro which has switchable graphics but at least in a way where Linux can use the nvidia.
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
You have another option too. By a notebook with ati/amd graphics.
I use a lenovo ideapad with integrated Radeon Mobile 4300 in combination
with Catalyst 10.9 and since one hour with 10.10.
It is the perfect choice for me.
My Nvidia GTS250 was the last Nvidia card for my Desktop, because
the drivers are very buggy. OC didn't work now for the last 3 revisions with the 260
series. With 256 drivers the plasma desktop works not good. When i change a movie
to full screen the picture stand for seconds and sometimes it crash the complete Xserver.
Questions to this problems wouldn't answered, see thread http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=156164
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
"Optimus is not supported in Linux, not it'll be supported in the future." Treat these words as the official NVIDIA statement.
Optimus is protected by patents, it has NVIDIA's IP, so unless you convince Jen-Hsun Huang to change his mind and stance towards openness, we are out of luck.
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
I own a Asus EeePc 1015PN that comes also with a "Optimus" Intel / Nvidia (Gt218) combo.
In windows i can switch between a Performance mode (means that only the Nvidia chip is used) and the Optimus mode (Primary use Intel GMA, only switch to nvidia if needed).
In Linux the laptop uses the nvidia chip exclusively and works ok with the current stable nvidia binary driver. (incl. vdpau)
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
So some laptops will default to the discrete card, but I imagine that depends on the mb and bios ..? Is there any way to find out ahead of time before purchasing or is it just the luck of the draw?
Sounds like ATI is now the way to go. :(
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
At "powersave mode" (lower cpu speed & customized fancontrol script) i get around 4 -4,5 hours.
Asus claims 10 hours for Win7 in powersave mode with intel gpu only (i can't confirm this though. never used the win7 install for longer than 5 min), so if this is true there is still loads of potential for optimization...
Also it might be worth having a look at meego (great netbook desktop) as soon as it supports nvidia binary drivers. I tested the opensuse spin-off "smeegol" which already supports them (=latest Opensuse with meego desktop) but power consumption is worse than my ubuntu install.
@ skullmunky: i prepared myself a live-usb stick with nvidia binary drivers already integrated and just tested at the store which model can use this combo out of the box. My tests showed that most of the Optimus laptops with "next-gen Ion" or "Ion2" worked. I took the 1015PN because the price is still reasonable (got it for 350€) and all hardware works out of the box. (except wlan which requires also a binary blob)
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
It's not fully correct. There are laptops (ASUS UL30Jt for example) where you can disable intel's integrated card from BIOS.
With ACPI Call or by modifying of DSDT you can disable nvidia's card when intel's one enabled. So you can switch (in BIOS) between Intel and nVidia.
But anyway, optimus itself doesn't work on Linux.
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
The most important Optimus feature is that you can physically on-the-fly enable and disable NVIDIA GPU when the GPU is really required.
Switching GPUs via reboot/BIOS settings is not that interesting.
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
Currently, neither works on some systems.
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
1015P is a bad example of ION2 unit because it is easily switchable by BIOS and works with discrete as a default (Windows switch it to Optimus itself)
But it is only new unit that I know about it.
Sister unit, 1215P is not that nice.
Re: Is every laptop with optimus unusable?
Also, do you have a reference for the ACPI calls to make to disable ION2 if there's no way to get it working? Do I need to install a driver to do that?
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Proton Therapy Center
The Cancer Center at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia offers proton therapy for children in collaboration with Penn Medicine at The Roberts Proton Therapy Center. Proton therapy is an innovative form of radiation treatment that allows for more conformed radiation doses delivered to cancerous tumors.
Pediatric Brain Tumor, Germinoma: Mikayla's Story
Diagnosed with a type of pediatric brain tumor called germinoma, Mikayla benefited from proton therapy, an advanced form of radiation treatment offered at CHOP.
Why Choose Us?
The Roberts Proton Therapy Center was the first proton center in the mid-Atlantic region and was designed specifically to accommodate the needs of children with cancer and their families.


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Grandma's Potato Casserole
Community Recipe from
- 8 cup(s) Potatos, 2 1/2 pounds
- 1/2 cup(s) mayonnaise
- 8 ounce(s) cream cheese
- 1 tablespoon(s) Onion Powder
- 3/4 teaspoon(s) salt
- 1/4 teaspoon(s) Pepper
- Paprika
- Boil potatos and mash. Mix in the rest of the ingredients. Bake for one hour at 350 degrees. Can be made a day ahead, refrigerate. Cook on the day it is to be served.
February 2012
This recipe is a personal recipe added by Paparazzi and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
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In there are. This is because,
Therefore, is equivalent to.
Chegg is one of the leading providers of homework help for college and high school students. Get homework help and answers to your toughest questions in math, calculus, algebra, physics, chemistry, science, accounting, English and more. Master your homework assignments with our step-by-step solutions to more than 3000 textbooks. If we don't support your textbook, don't worry! You can ask a homework question and get an answer in as little as two hours. With Chegg, homework help is just a few clicks away.


text:
UNREAL - Enduro World Series Day 2 Recon from Chile 4
After the first day of recon at the Enduro World Series race in Chile, we became a little weary of hearing how epic and awesome the trails were. Spoiler - it only gets worse after this breath-taking slideshow from the second day of recon in Chillan. The loam gets loamier, the flow gets flowier and the scenery just gets better.
The world's fastest mountain bikers were introduced to Stages 4-6, high in the Andes, where they tried to familiarize themselves with every twist, turn, root and rock. In just a short time, racing begins as the clock starts, so take in the sights of South America before the battle on the trail begins.
Sven Martin and Dave Trumpore drop a truckload of loam straight to our monitors. YEW!
4 comments
23051 shutter2ride http://p.vitalmtb.com/photos/users/23051/avatar/c50_fb1.jpg?1366428687 http://www.vitalmtb.com/community/shutter2ride,23051/all 03/24/13 1 4 167 1
making us jealous with epic pics of epic trails
25375 JohnnyK /images/default/avatar/c50.png http://www.vitalmtb.com/community/JohnnyK,25375/all 06/09/13 27
best coverage on the web! thx guys. chile seems to be amazing.
673 Sum_1 http://p.vitalmtb.com/photos/users/673/avatar/c50_trogdor.jpg?1330413689 http://www.vitalmtb.com/community/Sum-1,673/all 08/30/09 4 63
Amazing. Definitely got a new addition to my dream riding locations list.
Gutted for Josh Carlson, sounds like he needs to turn his froth levels down a notch or two.


text:
Firmly in the "it's better than nothing" category comes word that Revolution will live on, at least for a short while, as the story comes to a true conclusion in a four chapter digital comic. Produced in conjunction with DC Comics, the first issue will be released on May 4, with the next three to follow at 2-week intervals.
I definitely would have preferred to have the show come back on another network, but that was always a long shot to say the least, and this way we'll still get to see the end of the story the way the original writers intend for us to.


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Giant Bombcast 05/26/2015
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Mortal Kombat X moves forward with a snappier version of the previous game's fighting and some cool new characters, but the story and other features around the edges feel a bit rough in spots.
The ways that Axiom Verge resembles Metroid help set up and drive home the ways that Axiom Verge is most definitely not Metroid.
Hotline Miami's thrillingly brutal gameplay is stretched to the point of breaking in this aesthetically pleasing, but otherwise disappointing sequel.
Concept »
The fifth main entry in the Disgaea franchise.
An enhanced port of Disgaea 4 for the PlayStation Vita, with new characters, scenarios and features.
A direct sequel to the cult-classic Strategy RPG Disgaea: Hour of Darkness and the fifth game in the series. Laharl, Etna, and Flonne return in a new adventure with both classic and new monsters, classes, and features.
The Guided Fate Paradox is Nippon Ichi's latest bizarre PS3 dungeon crawling RPG and a spiritual successor to Zettai Hero Project.
PlayStation Vita port of the PS3 game.
Disgaea 4 continues the epic saga of the Netherworld. The game boasts major graphical improvements, a slew of new characters, as well as improved gameplay mechanics to provide the ultimate next-gen Disgaea experience.
A visual novel based on Disgaea, released on the PSP on disk and as a downloadable title.
A port of the original Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories to the PSP along with some additional features.
Trinity Universe is a PlayStation 3 role-playing game developed by Idea Factory, Gust Corporation and Nippon Ichi Software.
Trinity Universe is in full 3D featuring dungeons, battles and two plot lines: Goddess and Devil King. Gust Corporation created the storyline for Goddess, while NIS created the Devil King story.
A crossover RPG featuring characters from Darkstalkers, Disgaea, Atelier Marie, Mana Khemia and many other series, with a turn-based combat system and costume-based "forms."
A platforming-action game for the PlayStation Portable where you control a Prinny squad of 1,000 doods on a quest to recover some stolen sweets.
Disgaea DS is a port of the PSP game Disgaea: Afternoon of Darkness.
Players take the role of Maritsu Evil Academy honor-student Mao in his quest to overthrow his father and take the title of Overlord of the Netherworld.
Disgaea: Afternoon of Darkness is a port of the PS2 game Disgaea: Hour of Darkness.
The Hellish Tactical Strategy RPG Disgaea: Hour of Darkness has a sequel, and Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories is here, expanding on nearly everything that made the first one great; complete with even more Prism Ranger antics! Adell must break the curse on the land and turn everyone back into Humans.
Disgaea: Hour of Darkness is a tactical role-playing game for the PlayStation 2, which focuses on the story of Prince Laharl as he aims to become the Overlord of the Netherworld.
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text:
Fulham are chasing Ipswich Town attacker Jay Emmanuel-Thomas.
Fulham are chasing Ipswich Town attacker Jay Emmanuel-Thomas.
The Mirror says the 21-year-old's impressive performances for Paul Jewell's Tractor Boys have attracted the attention of Martin Jol's Cottagers and several other Premier League clubs.
Emmanuel-Thomas moved to Ipswich from Arsenal last summer for a ÂŁ1.5million fee after failing to make the breakthrough at the Emirates and following loan periods at Doncaster, Blackpool and Cardiff.
Cash-strapped Ipswich are keen to double their money on the player, who scored his seventh goal of the season in their draw with Birmingham on Tuesday.
Read more:


text:
Manchester United defender Chris Smalling is delighted with his first team return.
The defender suffered a groin injury at the end of last season which forced him to miss the European Championships, while a broken metatarsal in July delayed his return further.
"I feel good," he told ManUtd.com and PA Sport. "I've been able to play a few games now and it's just a case of keeping that going. The more games you have the more you get into a rhythm and the more confident you feel. I just want to stay injury-free now and hopefully go on a good run [of playing games]; there are lots of important matches coming up.
"It's been one of the worst [injury setbacks] I've had. It started at the end of last season and then I missed the start of this season. It's never easy to miss the start of the season and then come back into it, but I'm fortunate that I've started to get back into the team.
"The main thing you focus on when you get back is getting into a rhythm. You've missed out while everyone has been playing and doing well so it makes you focus harder to get yourself back to being better than you were before."


text:
They have white Ding Dongs? I've never seen that. Maybe you are thinking of another cake? My mama would always carry those pink snowballs whenever we went on trips. I hated those thingsOriginally Posted by Tink, post: 44913
They have white Ding Dongs? I've never seen that. Maybe you are thinking of another cake? My mama would always carry those pink snowballs whenever we went on trips. I hated those thingsOriginally Posted by Tink, post: 44913
I don't know? I thought Mama had some in the freezer. My little sister used to take them to school. There were the chocolate cream filled ones, and then the white with red jam ones. Maybe they stopped making those? My sister is older than you?
I LOATHE those disgusting snowballs! Oh gosh!!! They are terrible. There were those other cookies too, little plain cookie base with marshmallow wreath like shape piped on top, dunked in chocolate with a dot of jam in the center? EEEEEEEEEWWWWW! Mama used to get those for a treat! Never were a treat for me!
I'm not real big on purchased cookies unless it's original Oreos of course. :D
They have the most incredibly delicious homemade oatmeal raising cookies at the Polynesian concierge! I only ate one. :( (But I did eat one)! :D
The big treat when I was little was getting to go to the Hostess Bakery Thrift store. We'd go and mom would tell me I could get anything I wanted (had to pack my lunch for school). I was in HEAVEN! I had such a sweet tooth when I was little. I had no idea it was a thrift store and could have cared less if I had known
Every now and then Mama and her friend would go to a Tip Top bakery thrift store. :D I'm sure it no longer exists, and was only a northern thing. She's get loads of stuff too, and every now and then there would be those little chocolate pies. :D Now THOSE I liked, as long as the crust wasn't glazed. I liked the lemon ones too.
Johnie and I had a conversation not too long ago about bakery thrift stores! For some reason or another, my father referred to the one we went to as the "dirty bread store"..no clue where that came from..:rolleyes008: But I too would be allowed to choose whatever I wanted. It was like Christmas morning, as we didn't go that often..
I used to go to one in Ft. Myers. It can be a real budget stretcher!
There is a very small Pepperidge Farms thrift store in Altamonte Springs. I'd stop in every now and then and get some thing for the office when I worked in one. My co-workers would make short work of whatever I brought in.
mine was orange ice pops, not an orange ice lolly.... that was not correct, had to be an ice pop. then later it was sweet and sour chicken.... boy that was an expensive time.
I honestly don't remember craving anything
I went off lots of things - like wine and coffee and spicy things - stuff I normally enjoy very much. It was my sudden inability to drink coffee that sent me to the doctor - no, you're not sick, you're pregnant!
Next trip - Bali! (March 2015)
Oh my.... those Ding Dongs deffo need a tasting from me.... where can I get them?


text:
Blogging TV, one show at a time
Posts filtered on Tag
Tune In | 09.05.13
Parks and Rec bloopers![Read More]
Tune In | 08.30.13
Bill Murray honors David Letterman in a modest way; Dave Chappelle walks off the stage; and Rob Thomas is making the most bizarre sounding lawyer show ever.[Read More]
Tune In | 08.21.13
More Idol rumors, The Soup celebrates 500 episodes, and we lose a good one.[Read More]
Tune In | 06.20.12
Dave Chappelle is in Houston, The Fringe team breaks up, political attack ads from Westeros, and Adam Corolla is an idiot. But you probably already knew that.[Read More]


text: On Jul 6, 2010, at 5:15 AM, Marc Lörner wrote: > Hello list, Marcel! > As I already told you my company has bought an SGI-atlix 450. > As this testsystem is now not used anymore by anyone in the foreseeable future, I got the admission to try FreeBSD on it. > > So what can I do to help bringing/running FreeBSD on this machine? > What are the first steps to take, because I can vaguely remember that install won't work out of the box from the released CD-images? > > @Marcel: Have you made some progress on FreeBSD, Numa and your Altix? Yes, somewhat. The major blocker is a lack of interrupt support, because the Altix doesn't have SAPICs. But before I can work on interrupt support I need a driver that doesn't fail to allocate DMA memory. This may need support for the I/O MMU. If so, that I/O MMU support is the first blocker to resolve. Other than that, FreeBSD boots with the changes (and kluges) I have on the altix branch. If you want to see if and how well FreeBSD boots on the 450, you need to checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/projects/altix, build a kernel using the ALTIX configuration and boot that under EFI. You also need to build a loader from that branch, because the standard loader won't work. Devices won't attach, but you should find all hardware and be asked for the root mount point. FYI, -- Marcel Moolenaar xcllnt at mac.com


text:
McArthur Sports NFL Team Golf Umbrella McArthur recently partnered with Totes Isotoner, the world's leading umbrella manufacturer, to create a line of high quality NFL umbrellas. This Vented Canopy Golf Umbrella is oversized and offers the most coverage possible. This umbrella folds into a thin stick which will fit perfectly into any golf bag. Umbrella is printed with your Favorite NFL Team's Official Logo and Name.
*Folded Length: 15"
*Canopy Size: 42"
*Steel Frame and Shaft with Nylon Canopy
*Rubber Painted Handle
*Officially licensed NFL product


text:
Learning From A Heavy-Iron Accident
Lessons gleaned from the big birds can teach us how to become safer pilots
A Boeing 727 is different from the airplanes that most of us fly. Nevertheless, there are some things that we can learn from the NTSB's recently completed report on an accident involving a FedEx cargo 727, which was flown into trees and terrain during the pre-dawn hours of July 26, 2002. If you decide to apply some of the Safety Board's findings about the accident to your own flying, make concerted efforts to learn as much as you can about the airports that you'll be using, review the hazards associated with visual illusions and the lack of visual cues and always be honest with yourself about whether or not you're too tired to fly.
FedEx flight 1478, was en route from Memphis International Airport (MEM) to Tallahassee Regional Airport (TLH). It was on an IFR flight plan, but was flying in VMC. The scheduled departure time was 4:12 a.m. When investigators asked the captain about his sleep history during the two nights before the accident flight, he said that it was "not really good" or "marginal" because his sleep was interrupted to take care of the family's dog. When investigators examined the first officer's sleep history, they found that he had some difficulty sleeping during the past two days as well.
As the airplane neared Tallahassee at 5:16:38 a.m., the captain questioned the flight engineer about the weather. The first officer, who was the flying pilot, began the approach briefing by saying, "We'll plan on a visual to runway 27. We'll back it up with this ILS runway 27 full procedure."
He added that the minimum safe altitude was 3,300 feet MSL. "Missed approach will be as published. Runway is 8,000 [feet long]; plan on rolling out to the end. Got a PAPI on the left-hand side, pilot-controlled lighting, so if you can click it seven times, I'd appreciate it."
The PAPI (precision approach path indicator) at Tallahassee consists of four boxes of lights. If an airplane is on the proper glidepath, two boxes should display white lights, while the other two show red lights. If an airplane is beneath the glidepath, more red lights are visible to the pilots; if an airplane is above the glidepath, more white lights are visible.
At about 5:19:38, the first officer asked, "Do you want to land on nine if we see it? We've got a PAPI on nine, too."
The captain responded, "Yeah, it may be a longer taxi for us, but the way we're coming in, two-seven probably would be about as easy as any of them."
"Okay," the first officer replied.
At 5:22:46, the Jacksonville Center controller cleared flight 1478 to descend and maintain 3,000 feet MSL at the pilot's discretion. The controller asked if they had the Tallahassee weather, and the captain confirmed that they did. About 5:24:03, the controller advised them to expect a visual approach and to report when they had the airport in sight.


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My 10 month old won't crawl on all four. She swims (?) across, and moves in a sitting position, like a frog. It looks adorable, and she goes fast, but I need her to crawl. When I put her in the crawling position, and try to get her to crawl, she doesn't. She could lift herself to a crawling position, but that's it.
She's already picking herself up to stand.
Thanks so much for any advice.
My oldest two didn't crawl until 11 months(ish). They walked at 14 months(ish). I wouldn't worry.
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Movie Classics For Piano
By Various
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Movie Classics For Piano composed by Various. For Piano/Keyboard. Piano Solo Songbook. Movies. SMP Level 5 (Intermediate). Songbook (no lyrics). 104 pages. Published by Hal Leonard (HL.310411).
ISBN 079359510X. Movies. 9x12 inches.
This great book includes 27 terrific songs from 26 movies, including: Aladdin * Chariots of Fire * Dances with Wolves * The English Patient * Evita * Forrest Gump * The Godfather * Jurassic Park * Love Story * Mission: Impossible * Raiders of the Lost Ark * Schindler's List * Somewhere in Time * Titanic * and more.
About SMP Level 5 (Intermediate)
Seventh chords and melodies in both hands. More difficult note reading with ledger lines above and below the staff.
- Theme From 'Schindler's List' From "Schindler's List", Composed by John Williams, G Minor
- Forrest Gump - Main Title (Feather Theme) From "Forrest Gump", Composed by Alan Silvestri, A Major
- Cavatina From "The Deer Hunter", Composed by Stanley Myers, E Major
- Love Theme From Out Of Africa (The Music Of Goodbye) From "Out of Africa", Composed by John Barry, D Minor
- Theme From 'Sabrina' From "Sabrina", Composed by John Williams, F Major
- Legends Of The Fall From "Legends of The Fall", Composed by James Horner, A Major
- My Father's Favorite From "Sense & Sensibility", Composed by Patrick Doyle, Ab Major
- The English Patient From "The English Patient", Composed by Gabriel Yared, D Major
- Convento Di Sant' Anna From "The English Patient", Composed by Gabriel Yared, G Major
- Theme From 'The Lost World' From "The Lost World", Composed by John Williams
- My Heart Will Go On From "Titanic", Composed by James Horner,Will Jennings, E Major
- Chariots Of Fire From "Chariots of Fire", Composed by Vangelis, Db Major
- Don't Cry For Me Argentina From "Evita", Composed by Tim Rice, Andrew Lloyd Webber, C Major
- The Exodus Song From "Exodus", Composed by Pat Boone, Ernest Gold, C Major
- The Godfather (Love Theme) From "The Godfather", Composed by Nino Rota, C Minor
- The John Dunbar Theme From "Dances With Wolves", Composed by John Barry, F Major
- Theme From 'Jurassic Park' From "Jurassic Park", Composed by John Williams, Bb Major
- Love Story From "Love Story", Composed by Frances Lai, G Minor
- The Man From Snowy River (Main Title Theme) From "The Man From Snowy River", Composed by Bruce Rowland, C Major
- Mission: Impossible Theme From "Mission: Impossible", Composed by Lalo Schifrin, G Minor
- On Golden Pond From "On Golden Pond", Composed by Dave Grusin, G Major
- Romeo and Juliet (Love Theme) From "Romeo & Juliet", Composed by Nino Rota, G Minor
- Somewhere In Time From "Somewhere In Time", Composed by John Barry, C Major
- Theme From 'Terms Of Endearment' From "Terms of Endearment", Composed by Michael Gore, A Minor
- A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme) From "Aladdin", Composed by Alan Menken, Tim Rice, D Major
- Raiders March From "Raiders of The Lost Ark", Composed by John Williams, C Major
- Adagio For Strings From "Platoon", Composed by Samuel Barber
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Movie Classics For Piano
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text:
Here is a shot of an pod of Orcas attacking and Killing a Minke Whale. This is very graphic and not for the squeamish. This was taken August 18th 2010.
Here is a picture of a humpback with a shot of his flukes. This was taken the end of August, 2010. The humpbacks had been continually feeding on Capelin, so they full. I think that is the reason why the tail shots were so poor that day. On the other side of us was the Atlantic Adventurer.


text:
A method for preventing illicit copying of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC is defined by a net list which includes a timer circuit for disabling the ASIC. The timer circuit includes a plurality of stages which are distributed in different cores of the ASIC to inhibit detection and removal of the circuit. The timer times out after a period which is set to permit evaluation of the ASIC design. Following the time out period, further use of the ASIC design is inhibited.
1. A method for preventing the unauthorized manufacture of a semiconductor chip from a software model comprising:
including in a plurality of circuit blocks of said software model a disable circuit so that said disable circuit is difficult to detect, said disable circuit rendering said software model and a chip made from said software model inoperable after a plurality of simulations of said software model have occurred.
2. The method for preventing the unauthorized manufacture of a semiconductor chip according to
removing said disable circuit from said software model when manufacture of said semiconductor is authorized.
3. The method for preventing the unauthorized manufacture of a semiconductor chip according to
4. A method of protecting a software model design of an IC chip comprising the steps of:
identifying a plurality of functional blocks to be implemented on the IC chip;
representing the functional blocks in a software model of the IC chip;
disabling the software model, including splitting at least one of the functional blocks into a plurality of interdependent sub-blocks including removing interdependence data from the software model that so that the software model does not contain information identifying the sub-blocks as interdependent; and
simulating operation of the functional blocks in a simulator, including replacing the removed interdependence data for correctly simulating said at least one of the functional blocks.
The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/455,969, filed Dec. 6, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,254.
The present invention relates to a technique for preventing the unauthorized copying of proprietary application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs. Specifically, a method and circuit is described which when used in designing ASIC circuits produces a circuit whose function has a limited lifetime.
The integrated circuit business includes a significant market for producing custom integrated circuits for various applications. The industry creates these ASIC components through a cooperative venture between the ASIC supplier and the customer who defines a design to be implemented in an ASIC. A course of business has developed between the manufacturer and customer which permits the ASIC design to be implemented using a core circuit defined by the manufacturer, which the customer then adapts to his own proprietary circuit designs. Using a hardware descriptive language, the manufacturer defines a core circuit which the customer will add to his proprietary circuitry. The basic circuit definitions created by the manufacturer are then given to the customer for use in creating the complete ASIC design. The core may be either a hard core, which represents the physical layout of the basic core circuitry around which the customer designs his proprietary circuitry, or a software model, or soft core, which defines the basic circuit of the manufacturer to which the customer adds his proprietary circuitry.
The soft core represents a compilation of a net list which defines the elements and interconnection between elements to carry out a basic circuit function. The compiled net list may be further encrypted by the manufacturer using standard public key encryption methods, and supplied to the user. The user may then encrypt the net list so that it may be further augmented using the hardware descriptive language to define connections between the circuitry and the user's proprietary circuitry. The completed design is returned as an encrypted net list to the manufacturer, who can then create the various masks to implement the ASIC in silicon.
The considerable design effort in these core circuit designs are vulnerable to theft or unauthorized use by other outside manufacturers to implement a customer's ASIC design. The disclosed net list of the core circuitry permits its disclosure to others who may copy the net list, and otherwise take possession of the manufacturer's core designs. The present invention provides the ability to protect a soft core from copying by others, while still permitting the customer to have the ability to modify the soft core in a design which can be manufactured by the legitimate manufacturer.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method to protect ASIC designs from illicit copying.
It is another object of this invention to provide a soft core ASIC design which provides an evaluation capability, but which will not produce a product which functions if produced by the manufacturing process of an unauthorized vendor.
These and other objects of the invention are provided for by a method which protects an ASIC design from illicit copying. The ASIC design begins as a core net list which defines basic circuit functions to be implemented in a silicon substrate. The core net list includes a description of elements within a block for carrying out the circuit function, as well as the interconnection between elements of different blocks having other circuit functions. The net list also includes a circuit which functions to disable the ASIC when the ASIC is implemented in silicon. The circuit which functions to disable the ASIC is distributed among a plurality of the circuit blocks comprising the soft core in order to make its detection and removal difficult for an unauthorized vendor. The manufacturer of the device can remove the disabling function prior to reduction to a silicon component. Illicit copiers, however, not knowing where these components reside within the soft core net list, will not be able to render the design usable by extracting the disabling function.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the net list which defines the soft core for the ASIC includes a timer circuit, which is implemented to disable the ASIC chip after a time out period. The time out period is selected to be greater than the time to evaluate the ASIC design in a simulation facility. However, once the time for simulation has expired, the timer will disable the ASIC, and any additional use of the design, or a component made from the design, will not be possible. In other embodiments of the invention, events which occur in the ASIC circuit occurring after a period of time following a normal simulation and evaluation routine, are used to disable the ASIC.
The components which perform the disabling function are buried within different blocks of the simulation circuit. Thus, an examination of the net list does not readily reveal the location of these components to the user. Accordingly, any attempts to remove the disabling components are very difficult. On the other hand, when the user indicates to the vendor that they want the vendor to manufacturer devices using the defined circuitry, the disabling components may be readily removed from the net list defining the circuit design.
FIG. 1 illustrates a method in accordance with the invention for protecting proprietary circuit designs from unauthorized manufacture;
FIG. 2 illustrates a generic circuit design in accordance with the invention which is protected from unauthorized manufacturer;
FIG. 3 illustrates the arrangement of a distributed counter circuit within an ASIC soft core which protects the circuit from unauthorized manufacture;
FIG. 4 illustrates a reduced length instruction counter for disabling the ASIC soft core in response to a detected event;
FIG. 5 illustrates a disable circuit which operates in response to an event occurring in the ASIC;
FIG. 6 illustrates a disable circuit which operates in response to an interrupt received by the ASIC;
FIG. 7 illustrates a disable circuit which operates in response to a combination of events which occur in the ASIC; and
FIG. 8 illustrates the process of embedding disable circuitry within multiple blocks of an ASIC soft core.
FIG. 1 illustrates the process for protecting an ASIC soft core. The ASIC soft core may, as is common in the integrated circuit manufacturing field, represent a basic circuit, such as a microprocessor, an interface between a microprocessor and external components, or any other typical function implemented as an ASIC core. The soft core includes multiple blocks which define different circuit functions making up the ASIC soft core. The vendor of ASIC products may supply to his customer a net list description of the components that make up the entire soft core. Once the vendee has possession of the net list, he may incorporate his own proprietary circuit with the ASIC soft core, and return a consolidated net list to the vendor. The vendor may then manufacture all the mask sets necessary for implementing the consolidated circuit design in silicon.
FIG. 1 represents the process for protecting the proprietary circuit design of a vendor. In step 10, the proprietary circuitry is defined as an ASIC soft core which includes a disable circuit embedded within various functional blocks of the soft core, and which is transparent to normal testing and simulation of the soft core. The soft core is shipped to a potential customer in step 11, and the customer incorporates the proprietary soft core with his own design in 12. As part of the design process, the customer validates the operation of the soft core and his own proprietary circuit design.
When the customer is satisfied with the design, he may return it to the soft core vendor in step 21. In the event that the customer attempts to appropriate the design, and forward the soft core design to another integrated circuit manufacturer in step 14, the embedded disable circuitry will prevent the manufacture of an operational component from the proprietary soft core and customer design. The manufactured ASIC soft core may pass various tests of the illicit vendor in step 16, but once it is manufactured in silicon, the ASIC will stop functioning during the testing phase, or once installed in an application.
Alternatively, if the customer returns the circuit design including the vendor soft core in combination with their own proprietary design to the legitimate vendor in step 21, the vendor can remove the disable circuitry which was introduced into the soft core in step 22. Following the removal of disable circuitry from the soft core, the ASIC may be manufactured in step 23 to produce a component without fear of an intentional malfunction due to the disable circuitry.
The disable circuitry which was present in the soft core is distributed among a plurality of different blocks of circuit functions implemented by the soft core so that it has low detectability, making it difficult for the customer, or unauthorized vendor, to locate and remove the disable circuitry. As will be illustrated with respect to FIGS. 2-7, the disable circuitry may be implemented in any number of different ways which does not interfere with the customer simulating the soft core and his own design, but will provide for the disable function if the design is used to manufacture an ASIC circuit.
FIG. 2 illustrates how the disable logic is maintained secret so that the unauthorized vendor may not remove it prior to manufacturing illicit copies of the circuit represented by the ASIC soft core. Various circuit functions are represented as blocks 29, 34, 40 and 46. The disable logic circuitry is distributed as components 32, 35, 38, 42 and 46 throughout the ASIC soft core which are interconnected via standard interfaces 31, 33, 36, 41 and 43 using the conventional net list descriptions which make up the various blocks of the ASIC soft core. The disable function is implemented by the last stage of the disable logic 46, which can be used to either disable a clock line, add data which is spurious to the circuit, or in any other number of ways interfere with the normal operation of the ASIC soft core function. By distributing the disable logic 32, 35, 38, 42 and 46, within different functional blocks of the ASIC soft core, it becomes exceedingly difficult to locate circuitry which is not integral to the function of the ASIC soft core, and which is used to disable the circuit. The functional description in FIG. 2 relies on a signal generated either Off-chip or ON-chip to initiate a sequence of events which result in disabling of the ASIC circuit. As will be evident with respect to the more specific implementations of FIGS. 3-7, during simulation the ASIC soft core functions, when a sufficient time has elapsed so that all possible simulations using the ASIC soft core function have been completed by the customer, the disable logic becomes active, permanently disabling the ASIC soft core from any further simulation and disabling any circuit manufactured using the soft core.
The disable logic circuit may take the form of a counter, shown in FIG. 3, which operates to disable the ASIC soft core function after a number of counts, or it may trigger on more random events, which would occur at a time which is significantly later than any simulation time needed by the customer for testing the soft core function.
FIG. 3 includes a multi-stage counter comprising counter stages which may be implemented within the soft core for disabling the circuit after a particular number of the clock pulses have been counted. The disabling counter permits the circuit to function for a defined number of clock cycles. This will provide an opportunity for the vendee to evaluate the ASIC soft core function following the consolidation of the vendee's proprietary circuit design with the ASIC soft core. However, following a predetermined number of counts which exceed those necessary to evaluate the circuit, the counter will reach a final count, and disable the ASIC clock function of the clock control circuit in block 46(b). From this time forward, no further simulations would be possible.
The inclusion of the disabling circuitry on the ASIC soft core function protects the vendor's soft core design from implementation by other vendors who may acquire the net list supplied to the vendee. As will be evident with respect to FIG. 3, it is possible to bury the disabling circuitry within different cores 29(b), 34(b) and 40(b) of the net list so that any subsequent user of the ASIC soft core will not know where the disabling components are. However, when the legitimate vendor wishes to reduce the soft core and any circuitry provided by the vendee to silicon, it will be possible for the vendor to remove from the net list those components which provide the disabling function.
The ability to maintain the disabling components within the ASIC soft core circuitry secret is enhanced by embedding different stages of the counter of FIG. 3 in different core areas within the ASIC soft core circuitry net list. The net list will define the interconnection between the counter stages residing in different blocks of the ASIC soft core. As will be evident with respect to the description of the sample net list of FIG. 8, by placing portions of the disabling circuitry, comprising a counter having stages 32(b), 35(b), 38(b) and 42(b), as well as the disable logic 46(b), in different circuit blocks of the ASIC soft core, the ability for any unauthorized manufacturer to locate and remove the disabling circuits increases significantly.
FIG. 4 is an alternative embodiment of an ASIC soft core having circuitry for disabling the ASIC soft core function, as well as any ASIC manufactured from the soft core after enough time has expired to permit the evaluation of the ASIC soft core in combination with a user's proprietary circuitry. The circuit of FIG. 4 pseudo-randomly generates a disable signal to the disable logic 46(c). The device in accordance with FIG. 4 also contemplates that different portions of the disabling circuit be located in different blocks within the ASIC soft core. The net list defines a counter having countersections 32(c) and 35(c) appropriately interconnected, embedded in different blocks 29(c) and 34(c) of the ASIC soft core. The soft core may represent a microprocessor or other digital device which is responsive to an external interrupt The counter counts to a maximum count and then disables control logic 46(c), placing the ASIC data bus 26 in a disabled state. The counter is enabled to count clock pulses only when a data value is detected on data bus 47 interconnecting logic 50 and 51 of the ASIC soft core, which equals or exceeds a hard wired reference value applied to the reference input of comparator 48. Additionally, if an off-chip generated interrupt is received, the counter is enabled to count clock pulses through OR circuit 49.
The ability to embed disable circuitry within the ASIC soft core so that the soft core design may not be copied into silicon without producing a non-functioning component, is effected by embedding different portions of the disable circuitry in different cores of the ASIC. The components of the disable circuitry are interconnected via the net list defining the cores, and the ability to locate components which form the disable circuitry is significantly decreased. However, the vendor supplying the design in the form of a net list for use by its customers has full control in removing the disable circuitry components from the net list when manufacturing the ASIC circuitry in silicon.
Other examples of disable circuitry which is distributed throughout the ASIC soft core to inhibit detection by illicit manufacturers are shown in FIGS. 5-7. In FIG. 5, it is contemplated that a disabling event would constitute either a particular address detected on an address bus of the ASIC soft core, or an overflow condition detected in some portion of the normally functioning ASIC soft core. Other conditions may include specific data detected in the ASIC soft core during simulation which initiates a disabling circuit. Distributing the disable logic 32(d), 35(d), 38(d) and 42(d) and the control logic 46(d) through various circuit blocks 29(d), 34(d), 40(d) of the ASIC soft core, retains the ability to discourage attempts to locate and remove the disable circuitry. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, any combination of an address, overflow or detected data could be utilized to initiate the disabling function as long as the selected combination permits sufficient time to permit the customer to evaluate the soft core in its intended application.
FIG. 6 represents still another example of how disable circuitry may be implemented blocks 29(e), 34(e), 40(e) of an ASIC soft core which operates in response to still other criteria to initiate the disable function. In accordance with FIG. 6, interrupts to the ASIC soft core during simulation will initiate a disable function. A chip reset pulse may also be used, either alone or in combination with the interrupt, to initiate the disabling of the ASIC soft core.
FIG. 7 represents still another embodiment where the disable circuitry distributed throughout the ASIC soft core in different blocks 29(f), 34(f), 40(f) and 46 operates in response to a combination of events occurring in the ASIC. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, a clock, system reset, interrupt and a particular address ADDR detected on a bus of the ASIC soft core are used to initiate disabling of the ASIC. Each of these events may be used either alone or in combination with each other or with the other events for initiating the disable function.
The disable function has been described with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 3 which disables the ASIC clock. Other disabling techniques may be implemented for disabling, or corrupting the software model in response to a data event. The techniques may include any disruption to the operation of the software model, or product made from the software model, which occurs following detection of a triggering event. A corrupting event may be disabling the clock function, inserting erroneous data on a data bus, changing the value on an address bus, or changing the value of a control signal. Any or all of these effects, whether used in combination or separately, can be used to destroy the functionality of the product made from the software model.
FIG. 8 illustrates how the disable circuit may be embedded in different blocks of the ASIC soft core. A circuit block which functions as a full adder circuit is shown comprising exclusive OR gate 55 and AND gate 56. An OR gate 0002 and an AND gate 0005 are embedded in core A as part of the disable circuitry. A further component of the disable circuitry, OR gate 0004, is embedded in yet another block of the ASIC.
The first block of the ASIC, block A, can be represented by the following net list:
From the above net list, the connections of the various outputs are defined from A00 to A67. Inputs to the devices of block A are also defined. For each device within block A, two of such devices XOR gate 0002 and AND gate 0005 are defined in terms of their outputs and two inputs. The outputs are represented by A00-A67, which are wires within the net list. The inputs to the devices of block A are shown adjacent the output as C00, E02 and C00, E02. The remaining devices of the block A net list are not shown in the Figure.
Block B containing component 0004, an OR gate, has a net list shown as net list of block B:
The above net list includes OR gate 0004, having an output identified as B57, and two inputs A16 and B0C.
From the foregoing net lists from blocks A and B of an ASIC for performing a full adder function, it is clear that components such as X OR gate 0002, AND gate 0005, and OR gate 0004 can be buried in the net list, with their function undisclosed to a user. However, the vendor, knowing advance the location of these components within the net list may extract the same before implementing the circuit in silicon.
Thus, there has been described with respect to one embodiment of the invention, a method for protecting ASIC designs from copying by implementing disabling circuitry, which may be removed from the design by the vendor before implementing the design in silicon.
The foregoing description of the invention illustrates and describes the present invention. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments of the invention, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, and/or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. The embodiments described hereinabove are further intended to explain best modes known of practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in such, or other, embodiments and with the various modifications required by the particular applications or uses of the invention. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Also, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments.
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Most men do not tell their wives what they really feel because if they did, their wives would punish them for it. [Read more...]
Most men do not tell their wives what they really feel because if they did, their wives would punish them for it. [Read more...]
Men are trained from a young age to deny their true feelings. Complete this phrase: "Big boys don't __________." [Read more...]
Christians can't ignore sex because nobody can ignore sex. It's everywhere. [Read more...]
What happens when straight men see their married gay brethren continuing to enjoy the sexual salad bar? Will straight husbands happily restrain their desires while this special class of married men continues to sow its wild oats? [Read more...]
Men just aren't as important as they once were. Suddenly, society can get along quite well with just a handful of them. [Read more...]
Have you ever noticed that Christians speak normally to one another, but when they speak to aloud to God they lapse into a strange language and tone? I call this "prayer-speak" and it's epidemic in evangelical churches today. [Read more...]
Almost every church that launches a men's program meets with failure. There's clearly room for a new approach to men's ministry – or perhaps an ancient one. [Read more...]
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Goldie Hawn
Kate Hudson and Goldie Hawn: On Wearing Clothes Inside Out, Painting the Dog Pink and More
Originally posted 04/30/2013 09:00AM
The stunning mother/daughter duo gives a warm, funny Q&A to PEOPLE for their Mother's Day ad for Almay
Kate Hudson Gets Advice About Love from Kurt Russell
Originally posted 01/21/2013 11:00AM
It's been nearly two years since Kate Hudson announced her plans to wed rocker beau Matthew Bellamy.
But if the happy couple need any advice when it comes to love and relationships, well, they have a very valuable source at their disposal.
Hudson's mother, the glowing Goldie Hawn, is weeks away from celebrating her 30th anniversary with partner Kurt Russell on (fittingly) Valentine's Day. And although they may set a decidedly enviable example, Russell says they're not prying into the couple's personal business.
"We stay out of their way, obviously," he told PEOPLE at Friday's Living Legends of Aviation Awards in Beverly Hills, where his Gogi wine label's Pinot noir was served. "But if we find ourselves talking about each other and how we feel about each other, we stand up and we say, 'Wait this is important!' "
Kate Hudson and Matt Bellamy Did Not Wed, Says Goldie Hawn
Originally posted 03/19/2012 06:25PM
Did Kate Hudson secretly wed her fiancé Matt Bellamy?
Not according to Hudson's mom Goldie Hawn who was recently quoted in an interview saying, "When my daughter Kate married an English rock star it didn't worry me."
Make that misquoted. Taking to cyberspace to set the record straight, Hawn Tweeted late Monday, "Darling once again twisted the truth. They aren't married."
Hudson, 32, who has been engaged to the Muse front man, 33, for almost a year, gave birth to their son Bingham in July.
– Dahvi Shira
Kate Hudson Secretly Married?
Originally posted 03/19/2012 12:00PM
Kate Hudson and Matthew Bellamy are already mom and dad – but are they also husband and wife?
The couple, who welcomed son Bingham last July, announced their engagement in April.
And now Hudson's mother, Oscar winner Goldie Hawn, 66, may have let marriage news slip during an interview with the U.K.'s Evening Standard's ES magazine, reports the Vancouver Sun.
"When my daughter Kate married an English rock star it didn't worry me," Hawn is quoted as saying. "All that matters is that the relationship is a good one."
Kurt Russell's (Secret) Confession: I Hope Kate Hudson Has a Girl
Originally posted 01/22/2011 01:20PM
As could be expected, Kurt Russell is overjoyed at the news that Kate Hudson is pregnant.
"It's fun having babies once again," Russell, 59, the longtime partner of Hudson's mother, Goldie Hawn, tells PEOPLE. "We just really like that. And it's fun to watch them grow. It's fun to see what they're grasping."
But the actor has a confession to make.
"I think secretly we're all hoping for a girl," he says with a laugh.
Kate Hudson's A-List Halloween Bash
Originally posted 10/28/2008 03:15PM
Trick or Treat? For Kate Hudson's annual costume party at her Pacific Palisades home, it was all treats and costumed celebrities.
The actress's abode was transformed with pumpkins, spider webs, witches and even severed heads hanging from the trees. In the backyard, "the pool was covered and made into a dance floor," says a guest.
Goldie Hawn on Daughter Kate: 'She's Doing Really Well'
Originally posted 05/17/2008 05:25PM
Goldie Hawn says that daughter Kate Hudson is in good spirits despite her recent split from Owen Wilson.
"She's doing really well," Hawn told PEOPLE at the Partouche Charity Poker Festival in Cannes, where $1 million is up for grabs for a charity of choice. (Celebrity players include Hawn, Woody Harrelson, Dennis Hopper, Salma Hayak, Edward Norton and Tim Robbins.)
Goldie Hawn Enjoys Tea Time Chats with Grandson Ryder
Originally posted 11/08/2007 12:15PM
Goldie Hawn couldn't stop gushing about grandson Ryder (the nearly 4-year-old son of Kate Hudson) during Wednesday night's Manhattan benefit for human rights group Witness.
So what's one of their favorite things to do together? "Oh my God, chat!" said the actress. "He says, 'Gogo, let's talk.' So we get a cup of tea, and sit down and we talk. He's quite brilliant."
Not that things are always so high-minded. "We also like to get lime ice cream," Hawn said.
–Molly Lopez
Kate & Goldie's Day Out
Originally posted 08/17/2004 06:00AM
Mom-and-daughter pals Goldie Hawn and Kate Hudson enjoyed a recent afternoon together in New York's Greenwich Village, where we spotted them arm in arm, skipping along the sidewalk while shopping and visiting friends. Kate left pal Liv Tyler's apartment early in the afternoon, and then she and Goldie made a brief pit stop at one of their favorite Village eateries, Bar Pitti. The mother-daughter team – dressed like twins in tank tops, baggy khaki pants, flip-flops and big sunglasses – roamed the streets window-shopping for a few hours before Kate stopped into ABC Carpet and Home (Goldie waited outside). The close-knit, lookalike ladies lunched together again a few days later – this time with Hudson's hubby Chris Robinson and their 7-month-old baby, Ryder – at Barney's.
Hawn and Hopkins Reunite After 30 Years
Originally posted 10/23/2003 12:00PM
Three decades ago, Anthony Hopkins starred in "The Girl from Petrovka" with Goldie Hawn. Monday night at the Beverly Hilton, the two were reunited at the Hollywood Awards, to accept his and hers Lifetime Acting awards, reports PEOPLE.
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About Schools in Thiensville, WI
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Thiensville, WI.FIND AN AGENT
Thiensville, Wisconsin is located in Ozaukee County. Nearby cities and towns include Mequon, Brown Deer, Cedarburg, River Hills, Bayside, Grafton, Fox Point, Germantown, Glendale, Whitefish Bay, Menomonee Falls, Butler, Saukville, Lannon, Jackson, Shorewood, Port Washington, Milwaukee, Wauwatosa, Richfield, Brookfield, Newburg, Elm Grove, Sussex, West Milwaukee, West Allis, Waubeka, West Bend, Fredonia, Slinger, Pewaukee, Pewaukee, Merton, Greenfield, St. Francis, Belgium, New Berlin, Hartland, Greendale, Hales Corners, Cudahy, Waukesha, Hartford, Chenequa, Random Lake, Allenton, South Milwaukee, Kewaskum, Nashotah, Delafield, Cedar Grove, Franklin, Okauchee Lake, and Oak Creek. Thiensville is a suburban community with a population of 3,228. The median household income is $56,999. In Thiensville, 60% of residents are married, and families with children reside in 27% of the households. Half the population of Thiensville commutes 19 minutes or less to work, with 64% of residents holding white collar jobs and 36% residents holding blue collar jobs. The median age of homes in Thiensville, WI is 36 years, with 62% of those homes owned, 31% rented, and 6% not occupied. In the previous year, 53 Thiensville properties were sold. The median sale price of a home in Thiensville in the previous year was $158,458.
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Thiensville, WI.FIND AN AGENT
See if your personality and goals are right for real estate.SEE ALL REAL ESTATE CAREERS
Community information and market data Powered by Onboard Informatics. Copyright ©2015 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
This information is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be relied on in making any home-buying decisions. School information does not guarantee enrollment. Contact a local real estate professional or the school district(s) for current information on schools. This information is not intended for use in determining a person's eligibility to attend a school or to use or benefit from other city, town or local services.


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From the article: 15 Money-Saving Tips for Runners
Running is not an expensive sport, compared to sports like golf or skiing, but you can still spend a lot of money on running shoes, gear, race entries, and other things. How do you try to cuts costs on running? Run only local races? Make your own sports drinks? Share your money-savings tips and tricks with other runners.
running on a depressingly tight budget
- First off, I'm a major bargain shopper. I get target's line of technical gear (c9). It's actually really decent and decently priced but I also hit the clearance racks and try to buy off season to save more. Things I use a lot of I buy in bulk--drink mixes and socks mostly. Buy a giant bottle of sunscreen (I prefer no-ad at Walmart) and divide it into smaller bottles to keep in the car, at home, in my pocket (I'm a dog walker so I wear it pretty much every day all year). I try to put away a small amount each check so at the end of the year I can buy a new pair of shoes and rotate them in (always wait till end of season and end of year and holiday sales!) And seriously, with time and internet access you can find almost anything you could possibly need for cheap. Just takes patience. Just started half marathon training and i don't use gels--medjool dates and candy bought in bulk. No gym membership--everything you need you can find if you try hard enough.
- —Guest Ally
last year's running shoes
- Whenever Asics comes out with a new model of my favorite running shoes, I buy a couple of discounted pairs of last year's model. They're usually the same exact shoe, just different colors, so I can get a discount on the shoes and not sacrifice quality.
- —Guest tom


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Immobilizer woes
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two trackin fool
Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Nov 2010
Location: Michigan's Thumb ( kinda)
Oddometer: 1,302
Wow It is just crazy the problems with this immobilizer ! My bike was locked out the day I brought it home from the dealer . I rolled it out of the trailer and nothing !!!
Only to find out the dealer had left all three key's tied together with on on the ignition !? Easy fix once I contacted the rite people ~ in this forum ~ .
The dealer was NO help on a Sunday BUT one would think they would know to seperate the keys all they told me was DO NOT use the orange key !!!
Well that didn't help things at all .
Any way I am Subscribed !!!!!!!!!
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