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Mou Zongsan's theories across cultures
by Amod Lele on Jun.05, 2011, under Confucianism, East Asia, God, Judaism, Mahāyāna, Metaphysics, Sufism, Vedānta
I have recently taken on a position as interviewer for the New Books Network, an exciting new project to hold podcast interviews with the authors of recently published scholarly books. I will be interviewing for New Books in Buddhist Studies, a position I share with Scott Mitchell. I've completed a first podcast which is not yet available online, but I'll let you know when it is.
I mention this now because that first podcast is with Jason Clower on his The Unlikely Buddhologist, the study I recently mentioned of 20th-century Confucian Mou Zongsan. The podcast is there to explore Clower's ideas; here I'd like to add my own.
The book asks why Mou, a committed Confucian, spent a great deal of time thinking and writing about Buddhism. Its answer is that Mou found East Asian Buddhists expressing metaphysical distinctions with a clarity that the Confucians had not. Mou is deeply concerned with the metaphysics of value – specifically, the relationship between ultimate value and existing things. One might refer to this as the relationship between goodness and truth, or between God and world, even creator and creation. Mou thinks the Buddhists provide conceptual tools to discuss this relationship which the Confucians didn't have.
The key metaphysical distinction Mou takes from the Buddhists is between "perfect theories" (yuanjiao 圓教), monist theories according to which existing things are ultimately identical to the one good, and "separation theories" (biejiao 別教) in which they are fundamentally distinct. Mou identifies Tiantai Buddhism as the key example of perfect theory, and Yogācāra as separation theory; both believe in "buddha nature" as an ultimate value in the universe, but for Tiantai we are identical with it in a way we are not for Yogācāra (or so Mou claims). He is a strong advocate of "perfect theory," and with that monism he sets his Confucianism apart from many others'. Especially, he rejects the thought of Zhu Xi, probably the most influential Confucian thinker since ancient days, because Zhu insists that Heaven (tian 天, the ultimate source of goodness in Confucianism) is separate from the human mind.
The debate Mou examines between perfect and separation theories may seem like the kind of abstract technical debate that is relevant only to Buddhist-influenced neo-Confucians. But I don't think it is. I'm coming to think the distinction is quite a powerful one for cross-cultural philosophy – because it applies even to traditions Mou doesn't really think about or care about. It seems to me that in key respects it is the same debate that I – following Skholiast – have previously characterized as a debate between ātmanism and encounter.
Perfect theories are "ātmanist": they claim that created things, trees and jars and human beings, reveal themselves in the end as equivalent to the ultimate truth or good. The idea of ultimate "encounter," by contrast, requires that the ultimate source of value (Heaven, Buddha-nature, God) remain ultimately distinct from flawed, fallen worldly beings. Here's the thing: I spoke of this debate primarily in the terms of Indian Sufism. Sufis typically aim at an experience of mystical oneness with God; the Indian Sufis debated whether this meant that human beings really were one with God, or whether God must ultimately be irreducibly distinct from us. That is exactly what's at issue between perfect theory and separation theory as Mou describes them – even though Indian Sufism is a tradition which, to my knowledge, Mou had absolutely nothing to do with.
It goes further. Skholiast, in setting out the terms of ātmanism and encounter, was drawing on still other traditions. He used the term "ātmanist" to refer to Ken Wilber, who draws perhaps most heavily from Aurobindo, and clearly draws the term from Advaita Vedānta, the tradition whose central teaching is that everything is all one ātman (self). And "encounter," with which Skholiast contrasts Wilber and Advaita, draws heavily on the thought of 20th-century Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas. Yet neither Judaism and Vedānta registered much on Mou's radar either – when he looked outside of China philosophically it was mainly to Kant, with occasional references to Christianity and Indian Buddhism.
It seems to me, then, that in exploring perfect and separation theories, Mou is asking a perennial question. Across very different philosophical contexts, people have struggled at length with perfect and separation theories, the question of the relationship between ultimate value and everyday things. It's a question well worth thinking about.
Mou's answer also bears some thought, because it leads in a fairly distinctive direction. The perennial questions I've most commonly examined have been the questions of ascent vs. descent and intimacy vs. integrity. How do perfect and separation theories (ātmanism and encounter) relate to these questions? At first, perfect theories seem to map relatively well onto theories of integrity ascent, like Advaita, which aim to transcend this world for a solitary unity, and theories of intimacy descent, like those of Lévinas or Martha Nussbaum, which embrace the physical world and its relationships. Integrity-ascent views, like perfect theories, point us at a metaphysical unity we can identify with if we cast off our mistaken identifications with the physical world. Intimacy-descent views, like separation theories, warn us of the arrogance of a quest for perfection and ask us to embrace a flawed world that will never fit a perfect good.
Mou, however, flips this all around. His metaphysical "perfect theory" is combined with an ethics of intimacy descent. In practical terms, Mou is resolutely Confucian. Not for him any monastic rejection of worldly goods; the human life is best lived in the everyday world of work and family. We live best when we recognize that ultimate metaphysical value is found right in all of these everyday things. Mou is unusual in thinking that perfect theory makes a good fit with an intimacy-descent life. His approach resembles that of the Bhagavad Gītā: act in the finite with your eye on the infinite. Moreover, I think it gets around the objection that Nussbaum makes to the Gītā's kind of view: she claims that one isn't really living in the material world if one doesn't identify with it, if one goes through the motions like a "play-actor." Here Mou's view of perfect theory is distinct: unlike Advaita, the material world for him is no illusion. Heaven or buddha-nature, the source of ultimate value and goodness, are all there in the material world, and that's exactly why it's so important to live in it and play by its rules.
36 Comments for this entry
June 6th, 2011 on 12:48 am
1. How can it make sense to identify two things, whether actual or posited, which obviously have different properties?
A human being is a land mammal with a complex mind. This is an eternal truth about human beings. Everyone knows it and has sufficient evidence of it daily and yet almost everyone believes, or professes to believe, in claims which are inconsistent with it.
On the scale of delusions the human mind is prone to, the notion that a human being is God or an infinite, omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent being must get a clear 10! The idea that we have a "buddha nature" or "buddha mind" (What does it mean?) is a variant of this delusion.
Take any property attributed to the "Atman", "Brahman", "Heaven", "Buddha mind", "Buddha nature", or what have you. One of the central properties is absence of ignorance. Another is absence of suffering.
Consider whether these are different from any of the known properties of a human being anywhere on this planet. The answer is obviously in the affirmative. All human beings, indeed all sentient beings, are subject to some form of ignorance and suffering. This is another eternal truth about human beings, and any sentient being, including the so-called "God men", "Avatars", "Buddhas", "Enlightened Ones" and such.
And yet, defying logic, sense, and common sense, we have some philosophers affirming that this self-same human being subject to ignorance and suffering is identical to "God", "Atman", "Brahman" "Buddha Nature", "Buddha Mind", and so on!!!
If this isn't an eloquent testimony to the egregious delusions the human mind is prone to or tempted to entertain despite "education", I don't know what else could be!
2. The word "ultimately" seems like a waffle term. What is the difference, if any, between saying that X is identical to Y and saying that X is ultimately identical to Y? The identity relation is pretty straightforward and does not admit of any distinct type of identity called "ultimately identical". Either X and Y are identical or they are not. And it is impossible for X and Y to be identical if they have different properties.
michael reidy
June 6th, 2011 on 4:13 pm
Thill writes:
And yet, defying logic, sense, and common sense, we have some philosophers affirming that this self-same human being subject to ignorance and suffering is identical to "God", "Atman", "Brahman" "Buddha Nature", "Buddha Mind", and so on!!!
Who are these vile catiffs, suborning youth and a threat to the state? Hemlock is too good for them.
June 6th, 2011 on 4:22 pm
Good one, Michael! "All men's souls are immortal, but the souls of the righteous are immortal and divine."
June 6th, 2011 on 4:40 pm
Vizzini: I can't compete with you physically, and you're no match for my brains.
Man in Black: You're that smart?
Vizzini: Let me put it this way. Have you ever heard of Plato, Aristotle, Socrates?
Man in Black: Yes.
Vizzini: Morons.
June 6th, 2011 on 5:17 pm
It's silly to ignore the arguments and engage in sneering at someone's refusal to salute the sacred cows.
A person who thinks that just because Plato, Aristotle, etc., held a view, that, therefore, it must be true or plausible is indeed a moron!
Go ahead and believe that horses have X number of teeth merely because Aristotle said so! LOL And when you have Aristotle's authority, why bother to actually count the teeth of a horse, eh?
June 6th, 2011 on 5:40 pm
Michael, Jim,
FYI: There are at least five important metaphysical traditions in Indian philosophy which reject non-dualism: Sanhkya, Mimamsa, Yoga, Dvaita, and Visistadvaita. There were many philosophers in these traditions who offered devastating arguments against non-dualism.
michael reidy
June 6th, 2011 on 7:22 pm
Presumably they used arguments and not declamations.
June 6th, 2011 on 7:33 pm
Appeals to logic and common sense are legitimate forms of argument and offer good support for declamations on philosophical nonsense and/or pathology.
It isn't mere declamation to point out that consistency requires that if we think that someone's claim to be the emperor of our solar system is an instance of a delusion of grandeur, that we must also think the same, at least, of someone who claims identity with God, Atman, Brahman, etc.
michael reidy
June 7th, 2011 on 8:24 am
The difference between a man who thinks that he is 'the emperor of the world' and one who believes in his Buddha nature or the identity of Atman and Brahman? The emperor of the world is another human being like the deluded one so laws about identity come into play. The other has a metaphysical thesis in mind that is something like the contrast between genus and species. If you were to say to me that you can't be a fruit and a banana at the same time I would have to assume that you were making a category error i.e. that you were treating a fruit and a banana as two things and you thought that therefore the law of identity applied or as though we were talking about a banana and an orange. Similarly and likewise Brahman is a larger way of understanding Atman. I suppose the guiding insight here is that consciousness is not the sort of thing that could be divided. Perhaps the substance of Spinoza is along the same lines. You will find analogies in all the major monist thinkers.
It may be claimed that Monism is unscientific, that the great breakthroughs of the empirical approach come through a close examination of single, discrete, entities. This is to disregard the ecological which would stress the artificiality of an over fragmented analysis. We neglect tiny differences in formulating laws which represent ideal, experimental conditions. In the wild the butterfly effect is evident.
June 7th, 2011 on 2:08 pm
"The other has a metaphysical thesis in mind that is something like the contrast between genus and species. If you were to say to me that you can't be a fruit and a banana at the same time I would have to assume that you were making a category error i.e. that you were treating a fruit and a banana as two things and you thought that therefore the law of identity applied or as though we were talking about a banana and an orange. Similarly and likewise Brahman is a larger way of understanding Atman."
Michael, your response commits a category mistake by conflating an entity with a category and then draws a false "fruity" analogy on this basis.
This is because you ignore the concept of Brahman in the basic or canonical "Vedanta" texts such as the Upanishads and the Brahma Sutras, not to mention the commentaries of Sankara, Ramanuja, and Madhva on them.
"Fruit" is a category or group of things with shared features. "Brahman" is not a category of things. It is an infinite entity or being with the essential attributes of Sat (unconditioned existence), Chit (pure consciousness), and Ananda (Bliss).
It makes no sense to speak of features or properties of the category of "fruit" which are not instantiated in any particular fruits. But, in contrast, the essential attributes of Brahman are not instantiated in any particular! So, the fruity analogy does not work.
To claim identity between an individual and Brahman (Jivo Brahmaiva na parah "This individual is none other than Brahman"; Aham Brhamasmi "I am Brahman.", etc) is to claim identity between two entities with clearly different properties: the individual is finite and bound by desires whereas Brahman is infinite and always free; the individual is subject to ignorance, Brahman is the embodiment of knowledge; the individual is subject to suffering, whereas Brahman is always bliss, and so on.
It should now be obvious that identifying the individual and Brahman is absurd by any stretch of logic.
June 7th, 2011 on 12:15 am
I find a lot of wisdom in the Buddhist tradition. One of the teachings that I come back to is the teaching on the three prajnas (hearing, contemplating and meditating). These three represent the progression of how learning is taken in, evaluated and understood.
Of the three prajnas, arguably the most important is the prajna of hearing. The two ways not to be open to wisdom according to this teaching are (i) to accept what you hear, or (ii) to reject what you hear. An open mind does neither of these two — but instead is willing to sit with doubt and uncertainty. That is why I find Amod's approach of doubting everything to be a very powerful approach. Our minds so often want to resolve things and achieve certainty. But for a mind to be intelligent and flexible, doubt (and even doubt about the doubt) is a helpful beginning approach.
What bothers me about your approach, Thill, is that you are quick to find "baloney" — you are very certain and, for me, that is the sign of a closed mind. The extent of your fixed views is really what is extraordinary. In your first post above, you lump together Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity (and a Michael points out) the views of major Western philosophers and label them all as delusional.
It might be possible, if you had an open mind, to have a discussion about Buddha Nature, for example. We could talk about Maitreya's Uttaratantra Shastra. And you could raise some arguments from your readings of dualistic Eastern traditions. However, to do that you have to be willing to give up some ground — to suspend your certainty in order to understand the views of others. Without this, we only listen to others in order to find ammunition for our own arguments. And that is a very limited and unproductive approach.
And, for the record, I find a lot of wisdom in dualistic and theistic traditions. Buddhism values expedient teachings and many Buddhist approaches for cultivating the mind are dualistic precisely because our conventional mind is dualistic. From this point of view, it is possible to appreciate other traditions. For example, you don't have to believe in the god of the Old Testament to understand the power and discipline involved in Jewish rituals of keeping a kosher household and how this integrates worship into everyday life. You miss a lot if you come from outside these traditions and feel so certain of your view that you can dismiss entire traditions as "baloney".
June 7th, 2011 on 1:12 am
"In your first post above, you lump together Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity (and a Michael points out) the views of major Western philosophers and label them all as delusional."
Jim, mere presumption of wisdom does not show that it is really there. Such claims need justification.
I addressed a specific type of claim of identity (identity of the human individual with God, Atman, Brahman, Buddha nature, etc) and gave a simple argument to show its absurdity: two things cannot be identical if they have mutually incompatible properties.
Further, how is it consistent to think that it is a delusion to believe that the human individual is the center of creation and yet deny that it is an egregious delusion to believe that the human individual is identical with the creator, or all of creation, or its "ultimate" ground?
When are you going to address my argument? Instead of addressing the argument and showing what's wrong with it, you take offense at the conclusion and go off on an ad hominem tangent attributing a "closed mind" etc., to me. The reluctance to abandon a religious doctrine is a more reliable indicator of a closed mind than the willingness to criticize and abandon it on the strength of logic, common sense, plain facts, and scientific discovery.
I find it extraordinary that you have not made or raised a single criticism or critical question on any of the dogmas of Buddhism on this blog since we started debating it. When are you going to apply the prescription of doubt to Buddhism for a change? Instead, you seem to think that the prescription holds only for the critics of Buddhism!
June 7th, 2011 on 2:21 am
Thill, do you think there is a close connection between the "dysfunction", as Amod calls it, in the professional practices of the disciplines and/or departments of philosophy and religious studies and the sorts of "weird" or "pathological" stuff they typically spend their time and efforts in purveying?
These strange guys form "schools of thought" or cliques – be it Confucianism, or Buddhism, or feminism, or "neo-colonialism", "deconstructionism", or "analytic philosophy", or "continental philosophy" – and woe unto those who question or dissent from the sacred dogmas of the "school"! Just ask those who have been denied tenure on grounds of "lack of fit" with the department. Amod's remarks on the job risks of criticizing, even on purely intellectual grounds, the "ideas" of Donald Lopez on Buddhism and science point to the problem I'm talking about.
June 7th, 2011 on 3:17 pm
In the twenty-five or more years I've spent in various institutions of higher education in North America, I've encountered and seen evidence supporting the concern that there could be a price to pay, in terms of job prospects, tenure approval, etc., for criticism, even if purely on philosophical or scholarly grounds, of the ideas of a so-called "big name" in some field of academic study. This is inconsistent, to put it mildly, with the professed ideals of the academic community and the sorts of things they proclaim day in and out at the lecture pulpit to students.
To give you a representative instance, I gave a short talk to a dept in which I was an adjunct. The talk used some ideas of Harry Frankfurt on "bullshit" and applied it to criticize some claims made in philosophy, e.g., by Derrida, Sandra Harding (who has dubbed Newton's Principia a "rape manual" for nature!!!), Andrea Dworkin (for whom every act of intercourse, with the exception of lesbian sex, is an act of rape!!!), and so on. Instead of addressing my criticisms and taking it in the proper academic spirit, some of the feminists in the dept, who had at least appeared friendly prior to the talk, took it personally and turned hostile.
Paradoxically, such manifestations intellectual immaturity are not uncommon in academe.
There are areas of specialization which are emphasized in most departments. I have no problem with that. But intellectual diversity, and this doesn't have anything to do with diluting standards of clarity and rigor of argument, requires that departments do not ossify into dogmatic schools or fora for ideological indoctrination, e.g., feminism, liberalism, Marxism, etc.
Rational criticism is the life-blood of inquiry and must be encouraged. It is intolerable to penalize scholars and diminish their career prospects for expressing cogent and radical criticisms of reigning orthodoxies in any field of thought. This is a travesty of the fundamental values of academe.
I do think that the lack of exacting standards of adjudication in certain disciplines such as philosophy allows more scope for ideological camps, personality cults (Derrida, Foucault), metaphysical hogwash (non-dualism, Madhyamika) anti-science, etc., to proliferate and undermine critical inquiry in the interests of clarity and knowledge.
June 7th, 2011 on 1:37 am
Jim: "the power and discipline involved in Jewish rituals of keeping a kosher household and how this integrates worship into everyday life."
If you had asked Freud, he would have explained the obsessive-compulsive nature of the ritualistic actions quite plausibly!
Ask the Palestinians in the occupied territories or even the Israeli Arabs facing mistreatment and humiliation everyday about the actual effects on them (assuming that they are still alive to speak of it!) of this alleged integration of "worship into everyday life".
But I suppose this is no different from the "wisdom" of Catholicism: talk of love and mercy and keep burning people at the stake, or worse, burn them in the name of love and mercy!
June 6th, 2011 on 7:50 pm
Mr. Commonsense: The Dentist's bills were equally high for me and my wife this month.
Herr Professor: Gott im Himmel! That's not possible!
Mr. Commonsense: What do you mean? I just told you that it is a fact.
Herr Professor: Ah, but you poor commonsense-ridden folk don't know Aristotle!
Mr. Commonsense: What's Aristotle or Christotle got to do with it?
Herr Professor: Aristotle saith that women have fewer teeth than men. He was the greatest philosopher of all time. And he was married twice. Your wife's dental bills must be less than yours since she must have fewer teeth.
Mr. Commonsense: The last time I looked at my wife's teeth she had just the same number of them as I do.
Herr Professor: Ah, So you think you are smarter than Aristotle? Do you think a genius like Aristotle had any need for doing such a lowly and mundane task, meant solely for you commonsense people, as looking at the teeth his wives had?
Mr. Commonsense: He would have if he had to take them to the dentist! I guess they never got any dental care. I suppose that's one of the privileges of marriage to a philosopher!
Aristotle maintained that women have fewer teeth than men; although he was twice married, it never occurred to him to verify this statement by examining his wives' mouths.
Bertrand Russell, Impact of Science on Society (1952) ch. 1
June 6th, 2011 on 1:01 am
"We live best when we recognize that ultimate metaphysical value is found right in all of these everyday things."
What is the "ultimate metaphysical value" of a pile of human excrement? How is it different from the ordinary (dis)value attached to it? And how does it help us to live best?
June 6th, 2011 on 1:50 am
"If this isn't an eloquent testimony to the egregious delusions the human mind is prone to or tempted to entertain despite "education", I don't know what else could be!"
Well-said! Perhaps, "because of" should be substituted for "despite". Abstraction, flights of abstract thought, removed from common sense and the actual world, are always imbued with "weirdness" if not outright pathology.
In science, such flights of abstract thought are subject to the exacting constraints and tribunal of observations of phenomena, experimental results, and so forth. Hence, there is an inbuilt protection against pathology and "going over the ledge" when engaging in abstract thought.
By contrast, in philosophy there are no such constraints, no exacting standards of adjudication. The door, therefore, is wide open to all the weirdness and pathology human thought is capable of as it drifts away from its familiar and unforgiving landscape of common sense and the everyday world into philosophical "outer space" or "Twilight dimension"!
June 6th, 2011 on 2:57 pm
How would you respond to the (bizarre?) claim that we human beings are inherently "Atman", "Brahman", "Buddha", etc., but have either forgotten our "real nature" and/or playing or acting the role of a "land mammal with a complex mind"?
June 6th, 2011 on 4:02 pm
Well, if we are "inherently "Atman", "Brahman", "Buddha", etc" and have "either forgotten our real nature and/or playing or acting the role of a land mammal with a complex mind", it follows from a simple logic of identity that:
"Atman", or "Brahman", or "Buddha" has forgotten its real nature and/or is playing or acting the role of a land mammal with a complex mind.
This is definitely a bizarre claim. How can forgetfulness of its own nature arise in an entity with the property of absolute consciousness or absolute self-awareness or self-knowledge? Forgetfulness of one's own nature is the ultimate form of ignorance and it is logically impossible for this form of ignorance to arise in "Atman", "Brahman", "Buddha Mind", etc.
We have no knowledge or awareness of being "Atman", "Brahman", or "Buddha Mind". If we are indeed acting the part of a land mammal with a complex mind, we are extraordinarily good actors since we have so identified with our parts that we are ignorant of our true status as "Brahman", 'Atman", etc. Thus we are back to the intractable problem of explaining how it is logically possible for an entity which is supposed to be absolutely self-aware to become forgetful or ignorant of its own nature.
June 7th, 2011 on 5:01 pm
I agree with your points on specialization. The importance of a perspective and its development is worth keeping in mind.
"the parsing of arguments into smaller and smaller pieces (the stock in trade of philosophy departments)"
I wish this were true, particularly of philosophy paper presentations at conferences! There would be fewer people dozing off with or without eyes closed!
June 7th, 2011 on 5:10 pm
The claim that there is one indivisible consciousness sounds to me like magical thinking. I offer Matthew Arnold on the subject:
"YES: in the sea of life enisled,
With echoing straits between us thrown.
Dotting the shoreless watery wild,
We mortal millions live alone.
The islands feel the enclasping flow,
And then their endless bounds they know."
On monism vs. dualism: there appears to be one substance (like water) that can be perceived two ways: subjectively (as wetness) or objectively (as H2O). Does it matter whether this is monism or dualism?
I confess to not knowing precisely what the term "Buddha nature" refers to but have always found it a creepy term for the reasons Thill put forth in his first post. There are plenty of ideas where closing the mind seems perfectly appropriate: the Abrahamic religions for example are both silly and dangerous as Sam Harris among others convincingly argues. Kosher (and Halal for that matter) are worse than foolish, given the rest of the 'worship' they bring to daily life, like thinking god gave you the west bank or sexual minorities should be crushed to death. Not even to get started on the church. Personally I got out of academia asap but I admire Thill for sticking it out and standing up for reason in that environment.
michael reidy
June 7th, 2011 on 5:38 pm
Analogies always give bother because people insist on taking them in a global sense, like in every respect, rather than like in a narrowly focused way. My point is that the madman who thinks he is Napoleon cannot be. The law of identity ensures that. Now on the other hand atman can be Brahman (aham brahmasmi) according to the Mahavaka 'I am Brahman'. Using the analogy of fruit: banana and orange are not identical as individual pieces of fruit but they have a quasi-identity as belonging to the same category of fruit. If you said to someone 'hand me a piece of fruit' and they gave you an orange when you meant a banana you could not fault them for having misunderstood you. Now the Self as consciousness and Brahman as consciousness and the linkage between the two can be loosely indicated using the simple analogy which I proffered. A favourite image in Vedanta is of vessels of water reflecting the sun or space that has taken the different shapes of receptacles but is in reality undifferentiated. All of this language is of course inadequate to the mystery of the Atman/Brahman identity but what we can certainly say is that the delusion of the madman and the realisation of a sage are not in any way alike as you stated.
June 8th, 2011 on 4:09 am
Michael, it has nothing to do with taking your analogy in a "global sense" and all that! Quite simply, there is only one correct way to refute or undermine an analogy: pointing out the relevant (i.e., relevant to the conclusion drawn from the analogy) differences between the compared cases.
The difference I pointed out – that the term "Brahman" is not analogous to "fruit" because the former refers to an entity whereas the latter refers to a category – undermines the analogy you were drawing between Brahman-individual relation and fruit-apple relation. They cannot be compared because the former is an "entity X = entity Y" identity relation and the latter is an "Entity x belongs to the category y" relation.
Therefore, your attempt to use the analogy to support the conclusion that "The individual is Brahman." is not an absurd identity statement in just the way "A banana is a fruit." is not an absurd identity statement fails.
Consider what the non-dualist claim means: You, an individual, is identical to Brahman. In other words, you are none other Brahman. You are Brahman!
Now what does this mean? That obviously depends on what is attributed to Brahman. Since unconditioned existence, consciousness, and bliss are the essential attributes of Brahman, it follows that the statement "You are Brahman." (Tat Tvam Asi)clearly means that you have the attributes of unconditioned existence, consciousness, and bliss.
This is obviously false because your existence, consciousness, and bliss are finite, conditioned or subject to dependence on external causes, and, hence, subject to the possibility and actuality of change. Further, the concept of individual would be rendered incoherent by the claimed identity relation: an individual would have at the same time a conditioned and unconditioned existence, consciousness, and bliss. Hence, the claim of identity of the individual and Brahman is incoherent.
It is also incoherent for the following reason. If you are Brahman, then Brahman is also you! If Brahman is also you, it must have the properties you have: conditioned existence, consciousness, and bliss. This obviously makes the concept of Brahman incoherent. Hence, the claim of identity of the individual and Brahman is incoherent.
The logic of the identity relation implies that if X and Y are identical and if Z and Y are identical, then X and Z are identical. So, if you are identical with Brahman and Osama bin Laden is also identicla with Brahman, then you and Osama bin Laden are identical! How do you feel about those bullets in your chest and head??? Oh, I forgot that you are dead already! This is a conclusive reductio ad absurdum of the claimed identity of the individual and Brahman!
The only way out for the non-dualist reduces his claim of identity to pathetic tautology. The non-dualist can say that the "individual" does not refer to the particular individual who, among other things, goes by the name of "Michael Reidy" on this blog. Well, who is the referent then? The non-dualist proclaims that it is Herr Brahman itself!
This only makes the non-dualist identity claim a resounding tautology: Herr Brahman is Brahman, an instance of "A is A."! Unfortunately for the non-dualist, we already possess this piece of remarkable "wisdom". So, her labors are in vain!
June 8th, 2011 on 3:29 pm
Thill, let's set aside the substantial issue of whether it is useful or not to lump together different concepts such as Brahman, atman, buddha nature, god, etc. from different traditions.
It seems to me that your approach is based on an unstated assumption. Many of the traditions that you attack take the position in various ways that there is an aspect of our experience that cannot be captured by language, that is beyond thought. Your unequivocal rejection of these traditions is based solely on language and logic. It is as if someone asked you the question: "Is there understanding that is beyond language and logic?" and your answer is: "The question is not logical." Your answer, whether correct or not (and I believe it is not correct even as a matter of logic), misses the point and does not answer the question.
June 8th, 2011 on 5:57 pm
Whether or not concepts from different traditions can be mentioned in the same breath or grouped together for some purpose depends on whether they have significant shared features or properties.
I did not merely "lump together" those concepts. I pointed out two minimum features or properties they all share: a) absence of ignorance, and b) absence of suffering.
In fact, all I need is property (a) to refute the claimed identity of the individual with God, Brahman, Atman, and Buddha Nature.
"Is there understanding that is beyond language and logic?"
My response to this question is not what you assume it would be. Rather it is this: What does the question mean? What does it mean to speak of an "understanding" or knowledge which is "beyond language and logic"?
Perhaps, you can provide a tentative answer?
June 9th, 2011 on 12:37 am
To your first point, the concept of buddha nature, at least, is subtle and quite difficult. It certainly is not conceived of in any Buddhist texts that I have seen as a soul or atman. In my understanding, it is also not free of ignorance. Buddha nature is often described as a seed or potential. Ignorance arises when the mind errs — creating the concept of a permanent self that needs to be protected. This gives rise to fear. But the basic cognizant quality of mind underlies both confused mind (the mind of sentient beings) and unconfused mind (the mind of buddha). Ignorance, in fact, is an active emotion that sees before it doesn't see. As the poet says, "the angels are not as powerful as looking and then not looking." So, the seed of awakened mind exists even in sentient beings. It is just not realized as a result of fear and attachment. I merely give this brief description to show that the concept of buddha nature is subtle and best not to lump together with concepts from other traditions (concepts that may be equally subtle).
In terms of your second question, my answer is tentative. The clearest example that I can think of for understanding that is independent of logic is understanding that is expressed through Art. Dance or poetry can communicate truths about the human condition that is beyond logic. I would also say — even for poetry — that it is beyond language since poetry communicates through sound and uses concepts in juxtaposition to other concepts — almost like an artist creates a mosaic. This example is fairly obvious. Of course, a critic can try to explain Art using language and logic. But the description is at best a map.
June 9th, 2011 on 7:33 pm
"Buddha nature is often described as a seed or potential."
This is obscure. To say that Buddha nature is a "seed or potential" does not tell us what it is. And "seed or potential" for what?
Further, "buddha nature" smacks of something complete or fully-formed and inherent, but hidden or veiled, in beings. If so, it would be false to say that it is a "seed or potential".
Notice also the inconsistency in saying that the Buddha nature is not free of ignorance and at the same time saying that it is free from confusion
Think about this: whatever it is, if it is a "seed or potential", it is subject to development or growth. And this implies change and also imperfection in its initial condition since it needs growth or development.
Do you think change, impermanence, and imperfection are consistent with the concept of "Buddha nature"? I suppose we can't answer this if we have not clarified what "buddha nature" means in the first place and how it is different, if at all, from the ordinary nature of human beings.
So, I ask again: What is it to have a "Buddha nature" albeit in seed-form or potentiality?
June 9th, 2011 on 8:26 pm
Jim, you may find this Wikipedia article on Buddha-nature useful
Note the number of statements in it which contradict the notion that it is different from the Atman. Note also the claims made on it which are inconsistent with the notion that it is a seed or potential subject to developmental growth. Note again the statements which contradict the idea that ignorance could be a characteristic of it.
"In some Tathagatagarbha scriptures, however, especially the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the Buddha-nature is defined as Self which is permanent, blissful and pure."
"The Buddha-nature doctrine centres on the possession by sentient beings of the innate, immaculate buddha-mind or buddha-element (Buddha-dhatu).This Buddhic element is essentially perfect and non-evolving, as it is already taintless.."
"The Buddha-nature is equated in the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra with the changeless and deathless true self of the Buddha.[12] This Buddha-nature is described in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra to be incorruptible, uncreated, and indestructible. It is eternal awakeness (bodhi) indwelling samsara, and thus opens up the immanent possibility of liberation from all suffering and impermanence.[14]"
"The eternality, unshakeability and changelessness of the Buddha-nature (often referred to as "tathagatagarbha") is also frequently stressed in the sutras which expound this Buddha element. The Śrīmālā Sūtra, for example, says:
The Tathagatagarbha is not born, does not die, does not transfer [Tib: 'pho-ba], does not arise. It is beyond the sphere of the characteristics of the compounded; it is permanent, stable and changeless.[16]"
"It is a recurrent theme of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra that the Buddha-nature is indestructible and forever untarnished. Professor Jeffrey Hopkins translates several passages from the sutra in which the Buddha speaks of this topic and defines the Buddha-nature as pure, eternal, truly real self:
… that which has permanence, bliss, Self, and thorough purity is called the "meaning of pure truth".
Permanent is the Self; the Self is thoroughly pure. The thoroughly pure is called "bliss". Permanent, blissful, Self, and thoroughly pure is the one-gone-thus [i.e. Buddha];
Self means the matrix-of-one-gone-thus [i.e. the tathagatagarbha/ Buddha-nature]. The existence of the buddha-nature in all sentient beings is the meaning of "Self"."
michael reidy
June 8th, 2011 on 6:09 pm
I had to go back over our exchanges to discover where the crossed wires were, not that there will be accord between our two great peoples. My focus was on consciousness as the unifying aspect between Brahman and Atman, the bridge between the different entities or apparently different entities. Consciousness is the common attribute that unites the two entities much as being a fruit is the attribute that unites being an apple, an orange , and a banana. The different beings/entities Atman and Brahman 'share' the attribute of being conscious. Yon took it that I was making a point about categories and entities and mixing up the two.
So much for that, let us put it behind us. Non Duality is not a cunning way of saying identity. As I understand it, and my understanding is not beyond controversion, it has the implication of not two and not one. Anirvacanaya is the technical term for that level of deep inscrutability. If these things were decidable on the basis of pure logic then realisation and faith would not be required. However I would deny that this is a lemming-like rush over the cliff of reason. For the seeker confirmation comes in many ways, subjective of course and not testable by any cool dispassionate observer; nevertheless real.
June 9th, 2011 on 4:55 am
"My focus was on consciousness as the unifying aspect between Brahman and Atman, the bridge between the different entities or apparently different entities. Consciousness is the common attribute that unites the two entities much as being a fruit is the attribute that unites being an apple, an orange , and a banana."
You can't get started with an analogy if there isn't a shared feature or similarity between two cases X and Y. But analogies are not good merely because of a shared feature or similarity between X and Y. You must ensure that there are no significant differences between X and Y which would undermine the conclusion you are drawing from the analogy.
Brahman and the jiva or individual are both conscious beings. So what? That doesn't make them, by any stretch of logic, identical. Even the talk of any "unity" between them is undermined by the kinds of differences between their respective modes or forms of consciousness and existence.
"Unity" is ambiguous. It could either mean oneness or identity of two or more things, or a relationship of accord or harmony between two or more things.
If you are using "unity" as a synonym for "identity", you have not established the identity of the individual and Brahman by merely pointing out a shared property or similarity, i.e., consciousness.
A dog or an orangutan is also a conscious being. I presume you wouldn't claim that a human individual is identical to a dog or orangutan on this ground!
If by "unity" you mean accord or harmony between two or more things, you have switched from the issue I was examining to another one: the "unity" or harmony between Brahman and the individual.
Here is an objection to this claim of harmony or accord between Brahman and the individual. Harmony or accord cannot exist between two entities if one has properties incompatible with those of the other.
Brahman is characterized by unconditioned existence, unlimited consciousness and knowledge, and absence of any suffering or pain. The Jiva or individual obviously has the characteristics of conditioned existence and subjection to ignorance and pain.
These respective properties of Brahman and the individual are not compatible with each other. Ergo, there cannot be any "unity", i.e., harmony or accord, between Brahman and the individual.
michael reidy
June 9th, 2011 on 10:10 am
The extraordinary thing about religious irrationality is that it is freely admitted to and even gloried in by the practitioners themselves. The slightest acquaintance with any of the major traditions will show this but it rather takes the fizz out of an expose to admit it.
To alter Moore's paradox – It's true but you shouldn't believe it . What then are you to do if you don't believe, how else is access possible? Here I am encouraged by the tantric text that was recommended by Ramana Maharshi Tripura Rahasya. There the working of your true nature because it is of necessity accessible to you at all times, if it is attended to ,will bring you along with it. The author speaks of the naturalness of samadhi, of insight that is woven into the fabric of the everyday. Here the etymology of 'tantra' as given by Elisa Frescshi is instructive.http://elisafreschi.blogspot.com/2011/06/text-warp-and-woof.html
The things that you should believe are those things that connect to the rest of your life, the things that make sense. As the path develops those things may be a little past the sense of the rationalist, poor thing, but in this there is a self-generated shraddha or a tentative likelihood that is, with due regard for the limitless powers of self-delusion, reliable. It's a touchy, feely thing!
All that the imagination can imagine and the reason conceive and understand in this life is not, and cannot be, a proximate means of union with God.
St.John of the Cross
June 9th, 2011 on 6:50 pm
Since you have conceded the irrationality of it all, I presume I have achieved my goal! LOL
Yes, where else, but in "religion" or "faith" can you find this exultation in irrationality with all its predictable effects?
You may think your brand of irrationality is more "sophisticated" or less intolerable than that of the Christian Scientists or snake-handling faith cults in the American south, but they are all of the same rotten vintage.
Take heed of Voltaire: Those who can bring themselves to believe in absurdities can also bring themselves to commit or support atrocities.
michael reidy
June 11th, 2011 on 1:35 am
Well then, you shouldn't believe it. How deep that crust of hard baked rationalism is I don't know, your blustering manner may be a whistling past the graveyard symptom.
June 11th, 2011 on 7:31 am
Since you have misconstrued my banter for bluster, I will take leave with some real blustering.
You can correctly gauge the extent of another person's "rationalism" or rationality only in proportion to your own "rationalism" or rationality.
It is better to whistle past the graveyard (of philosophical and religious absurdities), than to remain whistling in it.
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Hongkong Land's underlying profit slips 17% to $541 million
Published on Jul 31, 2014 6:41 PM
SINGAPORE - Hongkong Land reported a 17 per cent drop in underlying net profit to US$433 million (S$541 million) for the first half year, mainly due to lack of residential development completions in Singapore.
The company considers underlying net profit, which distinguishes between ongoing business performance and non-trading items, to be a better measure of its business performance than net profit.
Net profit for the six months to June 30 fell by 6 per cent to US$563 million.
Revenue fell by 34 per cent to US$602 million, with a sharp plunge in sale of trading properties overwhelming gains in rental and service incomes.
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Rivers Named Eastern Conference Coach of the Month
|12.01.08 at 2:44 pm ET
Boston Celtics Head Coach Doc Rivers was named NBA Eastern Conference Coach of the Month for the month of November. The Celtics finished the month 16-2 and atop the Eastern Conference standings.
This is Rivers' third consecutive selection and fourth of his career. He is the third coach in the history of the award (dating back to 1981) to be named three straight months. Flip Saunders and Larry Brown are the only other coaches to do so.
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San Patricio Things to Do
The best snorkeling on the Costalegre coast along with very nice swimming beach and ocean side palapa restaurantsRelated to:
- Diving and Snorkeling
- Family Travel
- Beaches
San Patricio Nightlife
While there are plenty of places to eat and drink here - most all the 'nite-life' is in Barra de Navidad which is becoming a little more up-scale and touristy. Barra is the place to go for music.
The only warning is - there is much less of everything catering to northern clientele over the six months of summer
Dress Code: Beach wear
San Patricio Shopping
While we do our major shopping in Manzanillo ... there are still very good stores here for almost everything a traveler needs.
What to buy: Like beach towns anywhere - quality stuff that you would want to take home is rare and expensive. What is not expensive is food and drink from the local grocery stores. One of the better places in town that caters to non-Mexican tastes is 'Hawaii'. If you want Mexican - places abound. Local fishermans CO-OP's, central market and lots of corner stores. There is a weekly traveling market (tianguis) on Wednesdays that is interesting but often expensive.
What to pay: You are on your own
Instant Answers: San Patricio
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Soft Tip Cartomizers
Started by Lily, Aug 07 2010 05:51 PM
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Posted 07 August 2010 - 05:51 PM
Posted 07 August 2010 - 05:58 PM
i love cartomizers that all i ever use. i use the soft tip and just do it as one whole piece just like it comes. thats on reason i like cartomizers is because they are alot smaller than a atty and a cart. it makes everything look nicer and fit better. and i just love cartomizers. i dont hardly EVER use attys anymore i just use them to test out flavors.
Posted 07 August 2010 - 08:02 PM
Never had an issue with the soft top myself but I think I'm going to give your idea a try just for kicks. Normally I don't change anything when I'm using a cartomizer.
Posted 07 August 2010 - 10:40 PM
I use a delrin drip tip on the cartomizer, no burning of the lips as I only vape HV.
Posted 08 August 2010 - 01:47 AM
I use a drip tip on my cartos... keeps me from getting juiced and, as JRVapes said, keeps me from burning my lips since I only vape at 5-6V.
Posted 08 August 2010 - 02:22 AM
i vape at 5 volts with cartomizers all the time. but i wrap mine in electrical tape and it keeps the heat down on your lips and puts a nice rubbery finish to it to thats nice on your lips and you can get almost any color you want to. that just what i do. lol
Posted 08 August 2010 - 04:02 AM
Various drip tips on my cartos. Not a fan of hot lips either!!
Posted 08 August 2010 - 04:50 AM
Trying to get the wife to do cartos, wide mouth drip tips al lthe way. Makes it easy to keep it topped off as well. I always drip some in the next day as I hear nothing is worse than a carto going dry.
Posted 08 August 2010 - 04:51 AM
i hate when my cartomizers go dry! it is a horrible taste! lol
Posted 08 August 2010 - 05:38 AM
I use DSE 901 cart tips with mine,I found if you cut some off the end they fit nicer.It is way easier to pop off the tip than to try and dig out the rubber plug.The DSE carto's with the brass threads have a second peice of rubber in them,I guess its a baffle to help keep liquid from your mouth .I dig those out and dizcard them as well.I just like the thin whistle tip on the 901 carts.


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Google Unveils Android KitKat™ As Next Major Android Update
Google has unveiled the next major Android update for the operating system and has engaged in a bit of product placement simultaneously. Previously rumored to go under the codename of Key Lime Pie on its eventual release, the next update following Jelly Bean will now be known as Android 4.4 KitKat™ . This development is also being followed by a new giveaway campaign for a new Nexus 7 and $5 Goo..More...
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finally some good news, that card is sick.
The highly-anticipated showdown between Renato "Babalu" Sobral (35-8) and Gegard Mousasi (25-2-1), which was suddenly cancelled by its original promoter last week, has been revitalized and will be contested with Sobral's STRIKEFORCE World Light Heavyweight (205 pounds) Championship on the line at San Jose, California's HP Pavilion on Saturday, August 15.
The title bout will be featured during the SHOWTIME televised portion of the STRIKEFORCE: "Carano vs. Cyborg" mixed martial arts (MMA) mega-card.
"I am very happy that STRIKEFORCE has resurrected this fight and that I will have the opportunity to become STRIKEFORCE world champion," said Mousasi, who is in the midst of a monstrous, 12 fight win streak. The 23-year-old was crowned the first Dream Middleweight Champion and Middleweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion last year in Japan.
"STRIKEFORCE is one of the world's top promotions and I am proud to be a part of their roster of world-class fighters," he said.
His wins over Denis Kang, Melvin Manhoef, and Ronaldo Souza last year cemented Mousasi's place as one of the world's top three middleweights.
Mousasi's last victory, a first round (1:20) submission of former K-1 heavyweight champion Mark Hunt in Yokohama, Japan on May 26th of this year confirmed his desire and ability to conquer opponents in a heavier weight class as did his first round (2:32) KO of Japanese heavyweight champion Musashi in a K-1 kickboxing rules bout in Saitama, Japan on December 31, 2008.
The 33-year-old Sobral, a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt and former national wrestling champion for Brazil, will defend his STRIKEFORCE championship for the first time since he seized the title from Bobby Southworth at HP Pavilion on November 21, 2008.
Sobral, a former UFC championship challenger, is riding a five fight win streak that began with his second round (3:30) submission of David Heath at UFC 74 on August 25, 2007. In his last start, he submitted Rameau Thierry Sokoudjou with a brabo choke in the second round (2:36) of their meeting at Affliction: "Day of Reckoning" at Honda Center in Anaheim, California on January 24 of this year.
A year and a half ago, Sobral relocated from his homeland to Orange County, California where
he has since taken on former world championship boxing contender Justin Fortune as a trainer in order to bring his striking skills up to par with his expertise in submissions.
Over the course of 43 career starts, Sobral has faced and defeated some of the sport's best competitors including legendary K-1 and UFC champion Maurice Smith. On Sept. 6, 2003, Sobral knocked off three top-tier rivals-Jeremy Horn, Mauricio "Ninja" Rua, and Trevor Prangley-during a single-elimination tournament.
In the main event on August 15, mixed martial arts' (MMA) leading lady, the undefeated and extremely popular Gina "Conviction" Carano (7-0), will square off with rival powerhouse Cris "Cyborg" (7-1) in what is one of the most eagerly anticipated battles of all time.
Carano and Cyborg, the consensus two best female fighters in the world, will be the first women in MMA history to headline a major MMA fight card. In addition, they will fight for the first STRIKEFORCE 145-pound Female Championship.
STRIKEFORCE World Lightweight (155 pounds) Champion Josh "The Punk" Thomson (16-2) will set out to defend his crown against Gilbert "El Nino" Melendez (15-2), the man whom Thomson dethroned by way of unanimous decision at HP Pavilion on June 27, 2008.
finally some good news, that card is sick.
First Bitches!
Whoops…I mean Second. I win!
Seriously other tim if your going to just comment about being first or second or ninth on a freaking post, go someplace else and stop wasting space.
http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/ufc/ar… And in lighter news…you have to click on this link from UK's The Sun…It's a 3 pic slideshow using Bisping's ktfo shot photoshopped! Hope this works
It does!
This card looks awesome. Gina and Cyborg are hot.
Tim…..did you just say AND CYBORG?!….Whoa! Hold up right there….the terms and conditions clearly state this is a forum for intelligent discussions…and that right there is some CRAZY A$$ S#%T!!!!!!! JK….to each his …own?
If you enjoy the physical appearances of men, then yes, she is hot.
really, though,…check out the link…even Bisping's own countrymen are laughing at him. Good luck vs the Axe Murderer.
Only certain men, Al. shirts off, walking out of the water onto the beach …right at about sunset… water dripping off their slightly hairy chest…but if that makes me gay…DAMNIT! I DID IT AGAIN!….sorry dad.
This is freaking enough already…tim come on stop at least using a capitol T on Tim…damn we have to have some ordanance as i am not going to take the brunt for your stupid comments….This site really needs to do something about this crap.
yeah thats why i use other derek because derek was here first on this site so i let it be
and saying stupid shit under someone elses name c'mon seriously
yes why don't you go with other tim, or we can call you lil tim or timmy.
thats shit was funny mw74 thanks for the laugh.
Whew!Glad to hear it wasn't actually you- "T"-im…….just… "t"-im. Now if there were only a lower case mw i could blame my stuff on…….hmmmmm…..?
LOL….whatever….seriously this needs to stop.
Even better!!! "tim" could start going as "Bizarro Tim". that way it would totally explain everything when he starts saying some bass ackwards -ish! Genius! Pure genius!
Ha,ha,ha…Funny pics MW74 of Bisping KTFO. My fav is probably #3. #2 was also pretty funny though.
I think which ever tim came to this website and started commenting first should use the name "tim". I agree with other derek, just use the name other tim or timmy or something…Just my opinion…
Did you notice Hendo in the back smiling in pic #1 ???
Was that really the U.K. Sun paper making fun of Bisping, MW74??? If so that's freakin pretty funny they're making fun of his ass…
Yup! Mos' def. Although they just posted it…some"underground" parties actually developed it….whatever or whoever…that is some funny ass shtuff! I especially love him next to the queen or whatever…same damn british high snobbery look….awake or in dreamland…..I wonder if, while he was out on the canvas Biisping was having a dream where he WON that fight!….That would be awesome to know that he woke up from something like that!
i really hope another "tim" doesnt start commenting on here. all hell might break lose then. LOL
And to qualify all this, we should really point out that the Sun is more of a tabloid than an actual paper…kind of the British Enquirer …if you will. "Cheerio'-tut-tut and all that other Rutt…I do say!" nudg-nudge-wink-wink-know what I mean?!
Me am dunn. Bizarro mw-out! L8r men!
Please hang up and try again. If you need help please hang up and dial your operator.
but your obviously not a smooth operator
other derek, Please hang up and try again. If you need help please hang up and dial your operator.
ha, ha, ha…
ha, ha ha….. (still funny)
OH NO, somebody's using my name now, dag nabit…LOL
this site gets crazier everyday
What a badass Card..Who is Nick Daiz fighting J Heiron???
Mousasi by KO
The Beatles pic was my favorite, thanks MW74.
Aside from that this fight is going to be bad ass and I'm glad Josh Barnett didn't stop this fight from happening. Its going to be close but I'm betting on Mousasi too.
the Bisping pics were not in the paper….. how do i know? i buy and read The Sun daily.


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How an athlete handles pressure situations can usually dictate the outcome of a game.
During a Mid-State League Ohio Division clash Monday, April 21, players from visiting West Jefferson embraced the pressures of being in a first-place showdown, while some from host London were overwhelmed by it in what turned out to be an entertaining contest won by the visitors 7-5.
The Roughriders (10-2, 6-0) got a big hit in the top of the sixth inning, and London made a number of costly errors, none bigger than a dropped flyball in the top of the seventh which led directly to the game-winning runs being scored.
West Jeff's Kennedy Campbell crushed a home run in the top of the sixth inning to tie the game at 5-5. West Jeff had trailed 5-3 after four innings. But instead of panic in the eyes of his talented team Roughriders' coach Jim Stevens saw a determination.
"Wow is about the only way to describe this one," Stevens said. "The kids know that it's an addictive feeling, a base hit leads to another and everyone catches on.
"Kennedy struggled earlier in the game, but just before that at-bat I told her 'you're a great hitter just go get a good contact hit' and the next thing you know she hit it and you knew right away it was gone. It's a confidence thing. She's a fighter at the plate and she came into this game swinging it well. She goes through lulls here and there, everybody does, but she's her biggest critic."
Campbell said she just tried to focus a little more on the hard-throwing London pitcher Lauren Miller.
"I was at the plate and I knew I had to stay calm to hit the ball," Campbell said. "I took a deep breath and when I hit it I didn't look at first and I got to first base and saw it go over. It was a little high, but I like high pitches. It felt good."
The game was still tied 5-5 when West Jefferson came to play in the seventh and put together a rally.
London's Miller had gotten the first two batters in the seventh but a single by Taylor Kauser and a hard hit ball by Emily Stevenson that hit off the glove of the Red Raiders third baseman, leaving runners at first and second with two outs. Campbell then came to the plate again and this time she hit a towering drive to left where the left fielder misplayed the ball allowing two runners to score and give West Jeff a 7-5 lead.
"It's disappointing but there's more than what happened in left field," London coach Kelly Nelson said. "They scored three runs early and they never should have. You can't win games with errors. We gave them runs there, we were down 3-0 and came back, our girls didn't quit. But it's tough when you feel like you should have won.
"We didn't play a horrible game. Lauren pitched well enough to win. It's too bad somebody had to lose. If you take away the errors it's a different game."
West Jeff was tested and Stevens thinks that will ultimately help his squad in the long run.
"I cannot take anything away from London," he said. "They came prepared to play today. We haven't been challenged like that in a while. I think our girls knew that London was here to play. But when these girls are up against adversity they seem to battle back. They are such a great group of girls that feed off each other."
Annie Haenszel picked up the win for the Roughriders. She got a big helping hand from Kauser who had a single, double, triple and four RBI. For the Red Raiders (6-6, 4-2) Baylee Semler had a pair of hits and two RBI, Rachel Long had two hits and Aliyah Hiram had a hit with two RBI.
"I can't say enough about these girls and how they play together," Stevens said. "We stayed undefeated in the league and beat a pretty good team."
Chris Miles can be reached at (740) 852-1616, ext. 18 or via Twitter @MadPressSports.


text:
Research Output for Ioana Vasiu
Note: The 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 publications have not been audited.
Jump to: Publications | Grants and Consultancies | HDR completions
Ioana Vasiu may be from another institution or only recently joined Deakin University.
2004 External
Vasiu, Lucian and Vasiu, Ioana* (2004) Dissecting computer fraud : from definitional issues to a taxonomy, in Sprague Jr., Ralph H. (eds), HICSS 2004 : Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1-8, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, Calif. [E1]
DRO entry for this publication
Grants and Consultancies
No grants and/or consultancies found or audited – the 2014 HERDC financial return has not been completed or loaded as yet.
Higher Degree by Research Completions supervised by Ioana Vasiu
No completions found or audited.
- Legend:
- * Not a member of Deakin University at time of output.
DRO to publications collection last synchronised: Wednesday 27th May 2015 10:04pm


text:
Find Real Estate Listings
(Jesse Clifton & Associates, REALTORS®)
Comments 10
"Our emotional relationship to food and drink is like some tenacious desert plant, its wiry, tough roots buried deep in our psyches." Caitlin Kelly My emotional relationship to slugburgers and the White Trolley go back a few decades. For me it brings back memories of sitting at the counter as a...


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Tag Archives: Can-Am Maverick
Can-Am Endurance Racers Earn Numerous Wins, 2 Regional Titles
Hendershot Wins WEXCR, AWRCS Titles With Maverick 1000R Side-By-Side Vehicle Can-Am GNCC Racers Win Five Morning Classes; Zakowski Dominant in Iowa Valcourt, Québec, September 24, 2014 – The JB Off-Road / Hendershot Performance / Can-Am® X-Team recently captured two regional … Continue reading
Can-Am Teams Victorious at Heartland Challenge
Murray Racing Puts Maverick on Best In The Desert Vegas To Reno Podium Valcourt, Québec, August 21, 2014 – Can-Am® ATV and side-by-side racers competed at the 2014 Heartland Challenge endurance race, the Vegas To Reno Best In The Desert … Continue reading
Can-Am DS 450 ATV MX Pros Earn Multiple Podiums
Valcourt, Québec, July 2, 2014 – Can-Am® DS 450™ racer Joel Hetrick earned second overall in the Pro class at round six of the 2014 Mtn. Dew ATV Motocross National Championship Series held near Millville, Minn. Can-Am Pros secured three … Continue reading
Can-Am Maverick Racers Win Baja 500, John Penton GNCC
Valcourt, Québec, June 10, 2014 – Can-Am® Maverick™1000R side-by-side pilot Marc Burnett won Class 19 at the 2014 Tecate SCORE International Baja 500 race held this past weekend in Baja California, Mexico. In Ohio, fellow Maverick racer Kyle Chaney won … Continue reading
Can-Am Racers Dominate Mountaineer Run GNCC
Maverick 1000R Racers Sweep XC1 SxS Podium; Trantham Wins 4×4 Pro Class Valcourt, Québec, May 27, 2014 – Can-Am® racers earned a podium sweep with the Maverick™ 1000R in the XC1 Modified SxS class and won all four ATV 4×4 … Continue reading


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Any Honda Dominator NX650 owners out there ?
View Single Post
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Jan 2009
Location: Beeghof / Germany
Oddometer: 199
Originally Posted by
Nicholas Chan
Hello there,
I am the owner of a 1991 NX650 Dominator (RD02).
For the longest of time, my carburetor has been giving me an average mileage of 18KM/Litre (now it is 17KM/Litre). A few months back I loaned a carburetor from a friend of mine and saw my mileage jump to 22KM/Litre, with an occasional spike to 24KM/Litre. I had to return the carburetor after a month but with my existing carburetor getting worse and worse with each week, I am now trying to do 1 of 3 things:
1.) Locate a replacement carburetor on eBay (which I have had no luck on)
2.) Ask if anyone knows where to get a brand new RD02 carburetor
3.) Ask if there is a drop-in replacement carburetor
I would really any assistance/guidance on all 3 options, thanks!
Did you compare the two carbs? Are the jets and needles the same? Maybe your carb needs just a little cleaning and some overhauling!
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1983 Honda CB985FII Bol d'Or 1983 MZ ETZ250 sidecar
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text:
More Than 1,700 Marylanders Still In The Dark After Ice Storm
Several days after a winter ice storm, power outages persist throughout Maryland.
After Wicked Weather, Power Outages Persist For Some Into The Weekend
Thousands of people in the region remain without power. It's been almost three full days since a wicked ice storm knocked out power to tens of thousands.
2,500 Lose Power In Frigid Western Md.
Potomac Edison is reporting more than 2,500 power outages in Allegany County, where temperatures are in the single digits.
More Than 15,000 Without Power In Maryland
More than 15,000 customers are without power in Maryland as winter weather moves through the region. But the number is down from earlier in the day.
Electrical Work Means No School At McDaniel
McDaniel College in Westminster says it's canceling classes for the second time this week because of electrical problems.
Power Outage Closes Md.'s McDaniel College
McDaniel College in Westminster says it is closed due to a power outage.
Annapolis Council To Consider Stripping Republican Mayor-Elect's Power
Days after a Republican was elected mayor of Annapolis, City Council members say they will revisit legislation that would strip the mayor's office of much of its power.
Delmarva Power To Replace Ocean City Utility Poles
Delmarva Power will replace 90 wooden utility poles that hold a high-voltage transmission line along Coastal Highway in Ocean City.
Lights Out! Power Outage Reported At Bel Air Shopping Center
It's lights out in Bel Air. A power outage at Festival at Bel Air shopping center has shut down service to 1,800 customers.
Attorney General: Part Of Wind Turbine Bill Unconstitutional
Maryland's attorney general has deemed a portion of a law aimed at putting distance between wind turbines and homes unconstitutional.
Small Car, Big Power: Ford's Fiesta ST Takes Aim At Younger Buyers
"It's been an absolute runaway sales success, as well as a critical success," said Jamal Hameedi, Ford's chief engineer for performance vehicles. "It's been put up against the cream of the crop in Europe… and it's come out on top in just about all of its comparison tests."
BGE Reminding Customers To Prepare For Potential Outages
BGE is preparing for the worst, as severe weather makes its way to the East Coast.


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U.S. Gulf Coast Oil Premiums Strengthen as WTI-Brent Gap Widens
Feb. 29 (Bloomberg) -- The premiums for Light Louisiana Sweet and Heavy Louisiana Sweet oils over the benchmark West Texas Intermediate widened as the difference between WTI and Brent increased.
Brent's premium to WTI based on April futures contracts widened 82 cents to $15.82 a barrel. When Brent increases versus WTI, it strengthens the value of low-sulfur U.S. grades that compete with West African oil priced against the European benchmark.
Light Louisiana Sweet's premium to WTI added 65 cents to $17.30 a barrel as of 11:57 a.m. in New York, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Heavy Louisiana Sweet increased 35 cents to a premium of $19.75.
Thunder Horse's premium to WTI added $1 to $16.75 and Mars Blend's increased 55 cents to $13.05. Poseidon's premium increased 10 cents to $12.60 a barrel. Southern Green Canyon's premium added 50 cents to $12.50 over WTI.
West Texas Sour's discount widened 25 cents to $3.25 a barrel. Syncrude oil's discount narrowed $2 to $4. Western Canada Select's discount widened $2.75 to $33.25 a barrel. Bakken oil's spread was unchanged at $14 a barrel below WTI.
To contact the reporter on this story: Aaron Clark in New York at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Dan Stets at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Jewelry for You! How to Make Handmade Beaded Bracelets and Necklaces from Consumer Crafts and Crafts Unleashed
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Maedeup Cord Bracelet
By: Becky Meverden
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Use Korean cording in two colors and your favorite charm to create a pretty bracelet. Make as a gift or make for yourself with this project by Becky Meverden.
- 2 - 4 ft. 1.5mm Korean cording colors of your choice
- Charm
- 2 silver fold-over crimps
- 2 6mm silver jump rings
- silver necklace extender
- 2 sets of needle nose (or flat nose) pliers
- Ruler
- Fray Check
- Scissors
- Thread the charm through one cord. Fold the cords in half to find the center and move the charm to the center.
- With your left hand pinching the charm and the two cords, use your right hand to loop one cord over the second cord. Make sure the loop is next to the charm.
- With your right hand, reach under the cord closest to you and grasp the second cord. Thread through the loop and pull each cord tight. This will make a hapjong maedeup.
- Make a hapjong maedeup of the other side of the charm to anchor it.
- Make an additional four hapjong maedeup on each side of the charm.
- Use a ruler to measure ½" from the last hapjong maedeup and make five more. Repeat one more time for a total of three sets of five hapjong maedeup.
- Repeat Step #6 for the opposite side.
- Use pliers to attach fold-over crimp. Cut off excess cording and apply Fray Check to cord ends. Use pliers to attach jump ring and half of the extender. Repeat for the opposite side.
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Chris S
Dec 03, 2012
Thank you! Very simple easy to follow directions. My daughter will love making this!
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Feb 03, 2011
Is there a picture or series of pictures on how to do this knot anywhere?
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Venice, Italy
My Rating
This was a great introduction to Venice, the staff was very nice and very knowledgeable.
The over view and details of the canal tour were a great way to get familiar and enable us to navigate Venice on our own.
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Hi Everyone!
It's hard to believe it's been another month already and it's time for us to announce the Community Superstar badge for July! Each month we pick a member of the Envato Marketplace Community who have repeatedly demonstrated the will to help others, be friendly, participate in forum threads and activities, and give something back to the community in some form or another.
This comes along with an awesome golden superstar badge and some random cool prizes as well! Each month is a new chance to win, so we encourage you to take part and become and active part of the community if you aren't already!
Winner Receives…What will this user be winning you ask?
- $30 in Marketplace Credit!
- $30 Voucher to use on RockablePress!
- The golden superstar badge for the rest of the year!
So…who is the winner?
I'm glad to announce that OurWebMedia, also known as Bryce will be receiving this months superstar badge. Congrats Bryce!
Bryce is one of the many buyers we have here on the forums and marketplaces, but more than that Bryce always seems to be the first to offer help to new buyers and those having difficulties. A scan of the item discussion or threads requesting some help will often contain code snippets or tips from Bryce, helping out for nothing in return to get people started with their item We're very glad to have you here with us Bryce, and thanks for being such a great part and supporter of the community!
Please join me in congratulating OurWebMedia for being awarded the July Community Superstar badge!
Drew & Jordan
Yay Bryce!
Congratulations to winners!
Congratulations!! Glad to have guys like you here on the marketplaces
Congrats Bryce.
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Most of all, enjoy your time here. Thank you for being a valued Envato community member.


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Special City Council Meeting Regarding Mandatory Water Conservation on June 18, 2013
The Sierra Madre City Council has scheduled a Special Council meeting to discuss the implementation of Mandatory Water Conservation Measures. The meeting will be held on Tuesday, June 18th at 6:00 pm in the City Hall Council Chambers at 232 W. Sierra Madre Boulevard. The meeting is open to the public and the Council encourages interested individuals to attend the meeting.
On May 28th, mandatory water conservation measures were implemented due to the declining supply of water in the underground aquifer that supplies 90 to 95% of Sierra Madre's water. There are a number of reasons for the decline in the aquifer, including lower than normal rainfall, restrictions to the City's adjudicated right to pump water, lower than normal spreading of water at the City's spreading basins, and increased consumption by the City's water customers.


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Beach Cats in Rehab!
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Location: Pasadena Md - Magothy side
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Re: Beach Cats in Rehab!
Nice job SmackDaddy.
I hear you on the cost + hours <> sail time if you'd bought in sailing condition, but you left out one important thing that you did in fact mention in the OP and elsewhere.
You know how to fix fiberglass, use epoxy, paint and even do a little redesign as needed. All essential to boat ownership - and learning to do it a community college or on a larger boat is costly. Having the boys learn patience and sanding is priceless.
Take it out to the lake on a non-windy day - and then tip it and practice righting it in water you can stand in. Remember when pointing that rudders are your lift - and if you slide forward your hull will balance and provide lift too - forward when into the wind, move aft when downwind. On a beam run - just hang on wherever you can.
Lessons learned are opportunities earned.
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Posted May 6, 2015 at 11:00 AM
Our view: Race may just be beginning
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Our view: Smuckler, Harmon deserve votes
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Our view: Candidate places emphasis on neighborhoods
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Our view: West understands ward's needs, works hard for constituents
Posted Apr 20, 2015 at 9:30 AM
Our view: Good options in Ward 1
Posted Apr 19, 2015 at 9:30 AM
Our view: A critical investment in our community
Posted Apr 15, 2015 at 4:00 PM
Just when you thought it was safe to go back outside, here comes what may be history's longest silly season.
Posted Apr 15, 2015 at 9:30 AM
Our view: Don't overlook local races
Posted Apr 7, 2015 at 9:30 AM
Our view: Right to vote foundation of democracy
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DOUGS TREE SERVICE Bucket Truck, Crane. Stump, Grinder, Chipper. Fully Insured. 25 yrs. exp. Free Estimate 330-794-9673
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E CANTON MOVING SALE Sat. May 30th., 9-5 p.m. and Sun. May 31st, 11-4 p.m. Some furniture, tools, household items and more: 5386 Greenhill Rd. N.E., E. Canton, 44730
WE RENT: Bobcats, excavators, trenchers, rototiller, bed edgers, chain saws, log splitters, stump grinders, pumps and hundreds of other items. American Rental, 1100 Canton Rd. Akron, 330-733-6254
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* TOP $$ PAID FOR JUNK CARS Tuscarawas Auto Parts 330-455-8158
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A HILTON HEAD On the Ocean Condo, 2br, 2bath; 330-499-7447
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NEW renovation. 1 BR, bath. 523 Clarendon Ave. NW. $500/mo. + dep + electric (less than $75/mo.) Call Tom @ 330-705-5853
3025 - 17th ST NW Canton 44708 2 BR Duplex A/C, Garage, Yard 1,016 sq. ft. $640 Call 330-492-8650 ****************** 3021 -17th ST NW Canton 44708 2 BR Duplex A/C, Garage, Yard 1,016 sq. ft. $640 Call 330-492-8650 ******************** $200 OFF THE SECURITY DEPOSIT
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HILTON HEAD CONDO ON OCEAN, FOR RENT or FOR SALE; 330-268-6365
A Meyers Lake Vlg. CONDO,2br./2ba. Sunken CA.great rm/fpl.+rec. rm w/ofc. Gar. Patio. $1150 + utils., 330-452-1566
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Amherst Meadow Apts. Under New Mgmt. Safe & Quiet; 1st floor living Social Hall/Activities Apts from $520/mo Seniors 55+ $300 Rent Credit* N.E. Massillon 330-833-0610 *Restrictions Apply
LAKE CABLE VILLAGE APARTMENTS 4784 South Blvd. NW $100 DEPOSIT SPECIAL 1 MONTH FREE * 1 BRs. from $565 mo. 2 BRs. from $615 mo. Jackson Twp. Schools. Pet friendly. Call: 330-493-8585 * Restrictions Apply.
2945 20th NW, Plain Twp. Clean 3 BR house. C/A, appls, bsmt, carport. No pets. No smoking. $750 mo. 330-685-7170.
KING PROPERTIES Storefront 602 6th St NW $475 (330)452-KING(5464)
3 BEDRM. HOMES FOR RENT starting at: $650 mo. Quiet Country Setting. New and Pre-Owned HOMES FOR SALE. LAKE SHERMAN VILLAGE, 330-484-4767
400 Broad Ave NW, 3Br, Clarendon School, 330-388-5387
3453 Malabu NW, nice 2BR, carpeted, appls, patio, $500. 330-494-5840
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Plain Twp. 2Br Twinplex, new carpet. 1st fl. $550 + elec. 330-495-2500
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HUD Affordable Senior Housing Alliance Towers located at 350 South Arch Avenue in Alliance is currently accepting applications for available 1 BR apartments. Rents are subsidized through HUD; tenant rent is 30% of adjusted gross income (income limits apply). Gas and electric included in rent. Eligibility requirements apply. Most pets accepted. EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUNITY Call Tina at 330-823-1063 or request an application by email email@example.com
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315 Clarendon Ave. NW, 3BR, new carpet, $650 + Dep. + all utils. 330-280-3100
Wilkshire Hills/Bolivar 2 bedroom Duplex. Garage, basement, no smoking, no pets. $650 + utilities. 330-353-2349
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The starting pitching has fallen off a bit. The overall starting ERA is now 4.08, worse than league average. Cueto's ERA is 2.54. Arroyo 3.91. Bailey 4.39. Latos 4.91. Leake 4.95. Each has had 11 starts, except for Leake who's had 10.
The overall team pitching numbers are much better because the bullpen has a fabulous ERA of 2.39.
I know ERA is not the whole picture, just trying to start off a discussion.
Reds starters have relatively high BAA at .275. But they have walked only 89, tied for second fewest in the league.
The front office has heavily focused on pitching. Are the starters fading? Is the starting staff good enough for a playoff contender?
I'm optimistic and believe that the starting pitchers have had a short slump and will come back strong. In particular, I'm looking for Latos and Leake to have very good outings in the next period of time. Neither has had a hot streak yet, they are due for one.
I'm sure this will turn into a Chapman discussion, it's not intended. Despite the ERA, I think the current rotation is pretty good and will get better. And Dusty, Arroyo goes 90-95 pitches from now on. Other thoughts?