text:
Books Wither . . . Whither Libraries?
Issue 7, Fall 2008
the magazine of the universit y of m i n n e s ota l i b r a r i e s inside: The Preservation Jam Out of the Box and Into the Archives The Conservation of a University Curating Cultural Heritage issue books wither. . . whither libraries? fall 2008 7 continuum fall 2008, issue 7 University Librarian McKnight Presidential Professor Wendy Pradt Lougee Editor Marlo Welshons Designer Jennifer Swedberg Photographer Jayme Halbritter Contributing Writers Timothy Cronin, Wendy Pradt Lougee, David Lowenthal, Paul Nagel, Katrina Vandenberg, Erin George, Lucy Vilankulu, Marlo Welshons continuum is the magazine of the university of minnesota libraries, published twice each year. it is mailed to a broad readership that includes audiences both on and off campus. continuum supports the mission of the university libraries and our community of students, faculty, staff, alumni, and friends by providing information that: > highlights news, events, developments, and trends within the libraries > examines issues facing libraries globally > provides a forum for dialogue > connects the many constituencies of the libraries continuum is available in alternative formats upon request. Contact 612-625-9148 or email@example.com send correspondence to: > university of minnesota libraries 499 o. meredith wilson library 309 19th avenue south minneapolis, mn 55455 > email@example.com 2 4 short stacks news from the university of minnesota libraries the Preservation Jam the libraries are fighting a slow fire burning between book covers 7 8 10 ford W. bell and John P. borger two important libraries benefactors are profiled friends of the libraries out of the box and into the archives a recently opened collection celebrates the life of eminent minnesotan max lowenthal 13 the Conservation of a university the university Digital Conservancy is capturing the scholarly culture of the university 15 Curating Cultural heritage two of the libraries' many special collections strive to save the heritage of a culture and the cultural arts c ov e r : This book, yellowed and crumbling, is one of many the University Libraries are working to preserve. for more information about the university of minnesota libraries visit http://www.lib.umn.edu Printed on recycled paper containing 10% post-consumer waste the university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer � 2008 by the regents of the university of minnesota photo: Nancy G. Johnson To Have and to Hold... This issue of continuum deals with preserving the cultural record. It describes the enormity of the challenge as well as the steps the University Libraries are taking to be good stewards of history. Behind the scenes, staff deal with aging paper and take steps to repair books to keep them in usable form. Our two underground storage caverns beneath Andersen Library provide an environ- In an election year, we're offered countless examples of the value (and risks!) of recorded knowledge. The media eagerly comb through the available records dealing with candidates' voting patterns, speeches, and other evidence of policy positions or behavioral flaws. And, of course, we also see analyses in the news that help us understand contemporary issues through the lens of past events. Recorded knowledge--the cultural record-- offers tremendous value to our society and to scholarship. When the University of Texas purchased the Norman Mailer archive, the literary world was amazed (and delighted) to learn of the unprecedented depth of his collected works; as the story goes, his mother was convinced he was a genius and began saving his writings and memorabilia when he was a mere child. Often the historical record has no such prescient caretaker. There are countless stories of resources being discarded because no one thought that they might have future value. Libraries and archives know all too well the challenges in sustaining the cultural record. Paper produced in the 19th and early 20th centuries is highly acidic and over time becomes too brittle to use. Our estimates suggest that several million volumes in the Libraries' collections are at risk due to this "acid paper problem." Pieces of text may fall out or pages break as they are turned. The 1987 award-winning documentary Slow Fire provided the world with a chilling picture of what was at stake. As narrator Robert MacNeil (of the MacNeil/LehrerReport) noted: "What is endangered here if any book rots from within is a piece of the history of the human race." The "slow fire" is an ongoing process, day by day the chemical reactions continue and the useful shelf life of our books is diminishing. While today's computer-generated record does not have the acid paper problem, it too needs care over time to maintain its integrity. How do we ensure that digital content is preserved for future scholarship, how do we make decisions on what will be useful to keep? mentally controlled environment that extends the lifespan of older, endangered volumes. Selected rare resources are sent to professional conservators to create protective enclosures. We are also taking steps to create and preserve the digital record. Our University Digital Conservancy captures the important digital content created by faculty or University units and keeps them accessible in a digital archive. While all these steps are critical, they seem modest in comparison to the size of the challenge. And, with the passing of every day, the problem grows and more items fall into the endangered category. Our caverns are full and we will soon need to lease additional, off-campus space with the right environmental controls. Many of our peers have a conservation/preservation studio on-site so that treasures don't have to leave the library for treatment. Our digitization capacity, which offers hope to preserve intellectual content, is straining to tackle the demand for collections to be made available over the network so that students, scholars, and the general public can tap these extraordinary Minnesota resources. An Opportunity for Minnesota Leadership The "preservation problem" is one in which we all have a stake in finding solutions. At the University of Minnesota we have an opportunity to seize the problem and put our state on the map with cutting edge strategies to preserve our cultural heritage, strategies that share our resources with all Minnesotans, and the world. We can marry our rich collections with technologies to enable long-term access. Generations to come are counting on our leadership. R T the university S H O S T A libr aries of minnesota news from A SMART Use of Space Walter Librar y's Learning Resource Center has spent the past year undergoing a makeover. Attendees at the September 24th grand opening for the newest SMART Learning Commons toured the one-stop study/research/ learning spot and learned of the plentiful and free SMART ser vices, including one-on-one and group learning suppor t; research assistance; technology and academic workshops; computers with media creation capacit y; free loans of camcorders, microphones, and tripods; films to check out or watch in a state-of-the-ar t group viewing and presentation practice room; and group study spaces equipped with whiteboards and laptop outlet s. The Walter SMART Commons is one of four on campus, all of which are described at http://smar t.umn.edu/. Z C K S A Catalog By Any Other Name... Users of the MNCAT catalog noticed a big change on July 31. More a discover y tool than traditional catalog, the recently launched MNC AT Plus allows users to easily find print and electronic books and journals, audio and video materials, databases and indexes, and the ar ticles within them. Users will find many familiar features, including Googlest yle searching, relevantly ranked result s, Did You Mean? suggestions, and links to Google Books and WorldCat. The power ful filters allow a broad search's result s to be refined and real-time availabilit y information show at a glance whether materials are available online or at one of our libraries. Social networking features allow users to write reviews and add tags, and materials found can be easily saved and shared using bibliography and bookmark management tools. Early reviews are tremendously positive, with one user commenting, "It's extremely thorough--I can't imagine needing something more than this right here." Tr y it for yourself--and give us feedback--at http:// www.lib.umn.edu/. Meet Michelle Brasure, Informationist Fellow Michelle Brasure has long been involved in health policy and public health promotion. In Januar y, Brasure began a two-year "Informationist Fellowship" at the Universit y's Health Sciences Libraries (HSL). Funded by the National Librar y of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, the fellowship immerses professionals like Brasure in settings where they can gain the exper tise needed to become informationist s. What's the dif ference between an informationist and a librarian? Informationist s are information specialist s, t ypically in public health and healthcare, who have contextual training in their field. For Brasure, this training will involve developing librarian skills, an in- depth project in public health outreach, and extensive coursework resulting in a master's degree in librar y and information science. Brasure, who sees this as a unique oppor tunit y, recalls, "When I saw the fellowship announcement and realized that there was a demand for individuals cross-trained in public health and librar y and information science, I felt this would be the per fect way to supplement my education and experience in public health." The fellowship is co-sponsored by Linda Wat son, Director of HSL at the U of M, and Mar y Wagner, Director of the Graduate Program in Librar y and Information Science at the College of Saint Catherine. 2 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) New Research Partners Netted Three research collaborations including the Universit y Libraries are giving scholars and student s new ways to research, collaborate, and take on some of the most challenging issues we face today. Through funding provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Libraries are par tnering with the Universit y's Center for Bioethics, the Depar tment of Computer Science and Engineering, and several other institutions to develop EthicShare, a vir tual communit y for scholars of bioethics and practical ethics. For more information, see: http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/ ethicshare/. The National Science Foundation-sponsored Antarctic Geospatial Information Center, based in the U of M's Depar tment of Geology and Geophysics, intends to collect, create, synthesize, distribute, and archive Antarctic geospatial information. Over the course of the grant, the Libraries will provide digital conversion and archiving ser vices. For more information, see: http://www.agic.umn.edu/. Funded by the Gates Foundation, Har vestChoice under takes "broad-ranging evaluation of technologies and strategies to inform policy and investment choices designed to raise the productivit y of the agricultural systems most beneficial to the poor." The Libraries are contributing to the project--led by the Universit y's Center for International Science and Technology Practice and Policy and the International Food Policy Research Institute--by providing Web site information architecture and technology development, among other ser vices. For more information, see: http://har vestchoice.org/. Instituting Support for Current and Future Leaders Bruininks, toured the underground caverns at Elmer L. Andersen Librar y, and par ticipated in programs and discussions about initiatives and programs at the In the past year, the Universit y Libraries have par ticipated in two unique programs impor tant to the development of librarians across the field--and across the nation. In April, the Libraries hosted the Research Librar y Leadership Fellows Program, an initiative of the Association of Research Libraries. Designed to give par ticipant s the oppor tunit y to develop the skills, global perspective, and preparedness necessar y to advance to leadership roles at large research libraries, the program consist s of week-long institutes held at sponsor institutions. Assembled from across the U.S., the 23 leadership fellows had dinner with President Universit y Libraries. In July, the Libraries celebrated the 10th anniversar y of the Minnesota Institute for Early Career Librarians from Traditionally Underrepresented Groups. The biennial Institute, developed here at the Universit y Libraries, brings together 24 academic librarians (pictured here) for a week-long program that equips par ticipant s with the skills needed to succeed in academic librarianship, while building a strong, lasting network of peers nationwide. The Institute now has over 100 alumni, and the momentum it has built promises to perpetuate the invaluable tradition for years to come. WWW.lib.umn.eDu 3 THe PreservATIOn JAm by LuCy VIL AnkuLu When i was a kid, i was really hard on books. aside from my mania for reading and re-reading everything within my grasp, i also scribbled in them, read them in the bathtub and--most appallingly--used the smooth paperbacks to "skate" around the carpet of my bedroom. All of this, of course, took a toll on the books. As the spines gave way and the paper covers tore off, my mother patched them back up with brown gaffer's tape. The repairs bought them many more years, and some of the relics from my childhood remain in my personal collection. If only the preservation and conservation of the University of Minnesota Libraries' books could be as easily effected with an eraser and some gaffer's tape. The care of the University's holdings is carried out differently depending on whether items reside in the general collections on the open shelves or in Archives and Special Collections; each collection has specific goals and different techniques for achieving those goals. When I visited Collection Support and Preservation manager Karl Isely in his Wilson Library workshop, he showed me two books--La R�ve by Emile Zola and La Colonisation du Nord de L'Afrique by Aristide Guilbert--and asked me which one was older. Not being strong on French authors, I went entirely by the appearance of the books. While La Colonisation looked pretty sturdy, La R�ve had parted from its fake-marble cover and was flaking apart faster than a piping hot brioche. Wrong! La R�ve was published in 1905, while Guilbert's paean to French imperialism was printed on rag paper in 1844. It looked like it could have come off the presses this year. What could account for the difference? image: A staff member repairs the binding of one of the Libraries' books. 4 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) Well, we have to go back to the nineteenth and early twentieth century, which is when many of the general collection books were published. As rising literacy rates in America and Europe created a demand for more books, publishers abandoned the time-honored method of making rag paper (paper made from linen and cotton) in favor of wood pulp paper. Wood pulp paper was a good deal cheaper, but unbeknownst to producers and publishers, the high acid content of this paper made it vulnerable to yellowing, cracking, and flaking. By 1844 nearly all books were printed on high-acid wood pulp paper and over the decades the quality of the pulp decreased with the price. Whether or not the switch to pulp paper put rag men out of business, it did make books cheaper to produce and purchase. But this access came at a price; by the 1930s librarians had noticed the deterioration of acidic paper in their collections. Isely and his small band of preservation workers have the gargantuan task of triaging, repairing, and preserving the library's alarmingly large number of damaged and at-risk books. Today most books are printed on acid-neutral paper, but there are still the masses of books that were published during the reign of acidic paper. In 1998, the University Libraries did a study of millions of volumes in the general collection and found that, on average, 78% of the books reviewed were "acidic" and approximately 30% were brittle and damaged. At first glance the worst news seems to be the number of books already damaged, but the really chilling number is that 78% next to "acidic." These book "patients" are heaped around Isely's office on shelves and trucks, mutely awaiting their moment with the glue-pot or a transfer to the bindery. "With our general circulation collection," says Karl Isely, "the priority is to preserve the intellectual content by whatever means necessary." While 50% of the books that come to Isely's office are declared fit for re-binding, the other 50% of the books are withdrawn from the collection after the book has been replaced by a reprint or later edition, or as a last resort, a bound photocopy. Microfilming brittle books was once the preferred method of preserving intellectual content, but the popularity of microfilm is waning with the exciting possibilities of digitization. The University of Minnesota is one of the thirteen Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) universities ("Big 10" plus University of Chicago) partnering with Google on digitizing up to 10 million volumes from these collections. When the news of the partnership was released in June 2007, University Librarian Wendy Pradt Lougee pointed out that: "Through Google, individuals will be able to search every word in millions of books. Researchers will be able to conduct in-depth searches and make connections across works that would have taken weeks--or even years--to make in the past." Part of the CIC agreement is to feature "Collections of Distinction": collections that are strong specialties of a . . . on average, 78% of the books reviewed were "acidic" and approximately 30% were brittle and damaged. At first glance the worst news seems to be the number of books already damaged, but the really chilling number is that 78% next to "acidic." image: After new bindings are glued, repaired titles dry in a book press. WWW.lib.umn.eDu 5 given university. The University of Minnesota, for example, is nominating its collection of Scandinavian history and literature, its forestry research collections and its entomology (specifically bee-keeping) materials for status as Collections of Distinction. While the preservation focus in the general collection is on saving the content, the aim in Special Collections is also about the care of the book or other item--usually something quite rare and valuable --as an artifact. The University Libraries do both preservation and conservation work with these special collections, Director of Archives and Special Collections Kris Kiesling tells me. "With preservation," says Kiesling, "we are concerned with maintaining the proper environmental conditions for materials. In Andersen Library's caverns, where these collections are stored, the temperature is cold, it's dark and the humidity is constant, and materials are housed in acid-free folders and acid-free boxes. Conservation, on the other hand, provides treatment of some kind of rare artifact, like a rare book or a valuable document." Because the University does not have the facilities for such treatment and repairs, materials like the ones Kiesling mentions get sent out to private conservators on a contract basis. Andersen Library and the caverns below, the home of Archives and Special Collections, has recently sent two architectural drawings for conservation treatment to the Midwest Art Conservation Center. "One of them is a drawing by John Howe [an architect who worked with Frank Lloyd Wright] ," says Alan Lathrop of the Manuscripts Division, "and the other is a drawing for the facade elevation of Landmark Center (formerly, Old Federal Courts Building), St. Paul. The Howe drawing had a portion of it cut off from the rest of the drawing and the work involved hinging the two pieces to make a whole. The Landmark Center drawing was torn down the middle and needed to be patched together." Sometimes conservation is about improving access as well as protecting materials. Dr. Marguerite Ragnow, the curator of the James Ford Bell Library, describes a special project they undertook last year to have a special frame and container system created for their 1507 Waldseem�ller map--the "Map that Named America." "We wanted scholars to be able to study the paper and the watermark on this map, so the enclosure had to be see-through, but we also wanted to protect the map from damage, as well as be able to display it and present it to classes conveniently. The old container was a plastic sleeve resting inside a 50 lb. wood clamshell case�not so good. The new system involved encasing the map between two sheets of special conservation-quality plexiglass that were then sealed around the edges. A two-part frame was then constructed for it, so that one could place the plex-enclosed map into the base of the frame and then set the facing piece of the frame on top, held on by magnets. The entire framed piece then rests in a cloth-covered conservation-quality cardboard clamshell box." Reflecting on Minnesota's Past While the university of Minnesota Libraries prepare for the book digitization project with Google and the other big 10 universities, they are also partnering with the Minnesota Digital Library, a project to create a digital collection of resources and materials specific to the state of Minnesota. The coalition of professionals from libraries, archives, historical societies, and museums all over Minnesota has already completed its first ambitious project. Minnesota Reflections, which can be accessed at http://reflections.mndigital.org/, is a collection of over 20,000 images and documents related to Minnesota, mostly before 1909. Minnesota Reflections is searchable and can be browsed by topic, region, and collection. The collection items, which were contributed by over 75 cultural organizations in Minnesota, include images from The barr Library's State board of Health Reports for the years of 1872�1882, photos from the north Star Museum of boy Scouting and Girl Scouting, the archives of Carleton College, and many other representations of Minnesota history. 6 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) Supporting Cultural Heritage Is His Heritage Ford Watson bell spent his childhood visiting the University of Minnesota's Bell Museum of Natural History, named for his grandfather James Ford Bell, the founder of General Mills. Bell would grow up to become a veterinarian, and later an activist for museums, culminating in his current position as President and CEO of the American Association of Museums. Dr. Bell, who is also an Associate of the James Ford Bell Library, spoke with continuum about his support for the University Libraries. continuum: Could you discuss your connection to the James Ford Bell Library? FWB: I have memories of trips to the James Ford Bell Library, when it was in Walter Library, going back almost 50 years. My grandfather's love of books was very apparent to me and my siblings, because we loved going down the little winding staircase in his bookvault at Belford, his home on Lake Minnetonka. As you walked down the little metal stairs, there were rare books all along the way, so we had a keen awareness of his passion for book collecting. continuum: How has being the grandson of a major industrialist and philanthropist like James Ford Bell affected your life and work? FWB: My grandfather was a Quaker, and he had a very strong sense of public service. During World War I, he worked with Herbert Hoover, another Quaker, on the effort to feed people in the devastated countries of Europe. He was in charge of sugar and flour, and he devoted significant time and effort to this lifesaving campaign. The important pieces that he collected in his life--his remarkable silver collection and his books--were donated to the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and the University of Minnesota because he believed that he had collected them, ultimately, for the enjoyment of the community. I have been very influenced by his example of public service and commitment to give back to one's community. He was a very powerful role model for me. continuum: What roles do museums and libraries, especially those with special/unique collections, play in contemporary times? FWB: Museums and libraries play an essential role in society today. They are an indispensable component of continued on p. 17 A Heroic Gift Earlier this year, local attorney John borger donated almost 40,000 comic books to the Children's Literature Research Collections at the University of Minnesota Libraries. The Faegre & Benson Foundation provided a related grant to support the initial processing of the John Philip Borger Comic Book Collection, thus making it accessible to students and scholars. Borger, partner at Faegre & Benson, spoke with continuum about his love of comic books and this important gift. continuum: What got you started collecting comic books? JPB: I got my first comics from my parents, Phil and Jane Borger, and read them, liked them, and kept them. Putting "Philip" in the name of the collection is one way of thanking them for buying my comics as a kid, and not throwing them away when I went off to college, even though they took up a lot of room. continuum: Did your children like comics? WWW.lib.umn.eDu JPB: In different ways. My daughter Jenny loved to wear Superman shirts and capes, and when she got older mourned the injuries of Christopher Reeve. My older son Chris laughed at the satiric tales of Groo the Barbarian, who had a penchant for cheese dip and phrases like "Now Groo does what Groo does best" and "Did I err?" Our youngest child, Nick, loved nearly all comics, and we spent many hours reading them together and testing each other's super-hero savvy. continuum: What made you decide to donate this collection to the University of Minnesota Libraries? JPB: When we decided to move from our house after nearly 30 years, there just wasn't enough room to keep them all. After more than 50 years of reading and collecting, I couldn't just sell them off piecemeal. It would have been like Bruce Wayne auctioning off the trophies in the Bat-Cave, or Clark Kent putting the contents of the Fortress of Solitude up on eBay. But the collection needed a new home, and I'm lucky that the University of Minnesota is providing a spectacular one-- continued on p. 17 7 F r I e n D s O F T H e L I B r A r I e s Dear Friends, This issue of continuum sets forth how the University Libraries have experienced nothing less than a transformation during the past half-century. It is a change that has ushered in an array of new programs and obligations. These pages should help all of us recognize that our Libraries have become a national leader in capturing, preserving, and enhancing culture--from its local to its global manifestations. It is a change that has taken the Libraries well beyond the passive attitude toward the realm of culture that had generally prevailed in the field of library science until recently. Those of us who were among the new students flocking to the University's Twin Cities campus at the end of World War II were greeted by a library whose professional outlook would now be unrecognizable. It was a September day in 1945 when I first beheld Walter Library standing in its majestic prominence. To the right of Northrop Auditorium at the head of the mall, Walter was then the University's principal library, for the West Bank campus with its Wilson and Andersen buildings was far in the future. In those days, what went on in Walter Library splendidly exemplified the meaning of an academic library-- to assist patrons who came to check out books, consult reference material, and read periodicals. The grand beauty of Walter's interior, and especially its reading rooms, invited scholarly behavior. There was then little space assigned for "special collections," so many of which our Libraries now possess. I suspect that many library patrons found the most memorable aspect of the Walter Library to be the heroic bronze doors at the main entrance where they can still be admired. How the comparatively simple nature of the University Libraries of sixty years ago has since been altered can be glimpsed in these pages of continuum which explain how active Minnesota's Libraries have become in capturing, preserving, and making accessible our culture. Not even Walter Library has been untouched by this transformation, for its interior has been redesigned as a temple of science and the highest technology. Today, the Andersen Library on the West Bank is the primary site of stellar programs to preserve and to promulgate an understanding of all aspects of American and global culture through special collections. Two of the many instances of these efforts are described in this issue--the Performing Arts Archives and the Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies. There are many others, so many that while it was but a few years ago that Andersen Library opened, the building's capacity has already been overwhelmed. The same fate has come to the much publicized caverns beneath Andersen that were built to provide the latest in preservation environment. They too are full. Consequently, just as our Friends organization was active in helping the University raise additional public and legislative support for the Andersen Library (named for Governor Elmer L. Andersen), the time draws near for us to work on behalf of the Libraries to support continued investment and expansion of its role in preserving cultural heritage. Another cavern will be needed in the very near future and a capacity to preserve and conserve special collections will be essential to support the Libraries' role as stewards of cultural heritage! It will be equally important for the Friends to support the development of new technologies as part of the Libraries' preservation program, as digitization is now the strategy to preserve content for the future. These astonishing goings-on in the University Libraries are another justification why all Friends of the Libraries should continue and, if possible, enlarge their support, while encouraging others to join. It is no longer the quiet of 1945 in the University Libraries-- they need our help if they are to meet the demands described in this issue as well as many other requirements implied by the watchwords of collection, preservation, digitization, and accessibility. Keep these terms in mind, for they help in understanding the University of Minnesota Libraries of today and tomorrow. Paul Nagel president, friends of the libraries 8 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) F r I e n D s O F T H e L I B r A r I e s Libraries, Writers, and Friends � It's Been a Very Good Year members of the friends help the libraries accomplish great things, the most visible of which are the broad range of programs sponsored by the friends. the past academic year saw the following events hosted at the libraries: > the first-ever members appreciation reception was held in february 2008 at the Campus Club. university of minnesota alum and Jazz hall of fame member Dave frishberg performed for nearly two hours. > "the map that named america" exhibit, featured in the previous issue of continuum, brought in over 1,500 visitors ranging from local school children to internationally recognized scholars during its october through December 2007 installation. > January 2008 saw university of minnesota professor theofanis stavrou as the featured speaker at "a feast of Words: gleanings from modern greek Writers." > mark Dimunation, chief of the rare book and special Collections Division at the library of Congress spoke in December 2007 about how the library was "forged in fire" when, in 1815, Congress purchased thomas Jefferson's personal library to replace the congressional library destroyed when the british burned Washington. > a partnership with the givens foundation for african american literature led to the presentation of the fourth annual nommo african american authors series. in this threeauthor series, university of minnesota professor alexs Pate hosted essayist, biographer, and novelist randall kenan in february 2008; poet lucille Clifton in april 2008; and playwright amiri baraka in april 2008. > to celebrate John borger's gift of almost 40,000 comic books to the Children's literature research Collections, David hajdu spoke in July 2008 about the "ten-cent plague," a term used to describe the proliferation of comic books in the mid-20th century and the fear of their influence on the young generation of readers. Become a Friend of the Libraries Did you know each year university of minnesota libraries staff lead more than 1,500 workshops and classes? or that the 14 libraries on the twin Cities campuses see over two million visits, accessing the libraries' nearly 78,000 serial subscriptions and 6.8 million volumes? or that the university libraries rank first among north american research libraries in the number of loans to other libraries? innovative programs like the undergraduate virtual library, smart learning Commons, and Copyright information and education initiative demonstrate ingenuity as we strive to meet user expectations for immediate, customized information, 24/7. the libraries must preserve and make accessible the rare and unique materials from our special collections and archives while staying current with the print and electronic information demands of faculty, students, and scholars from here and around the world. Friends of the University of Minnesota Libraries Board of Directors Officers Paul Nagel President, 2007�09 Mary McDiarmid Past President, 2007�09 Gayle Graham Yates President Elect, 2008�09 Wendy Pradt Lougee University Librarian, McKnight Presidential Professor Katherine McGill Director of Development Lanaya Stangret Friends Coordinator Directors Kent Bales, 2007�09 David Brown, 2008�10 Richard Cornell, 2007�09 Susan Hill Gross, 2007�09 Michael Hancher, 2007�09 Judy Hornbacher, 2008�10 Dennis Johnson, 2007�09 Robert Karon, 2008�10 Sandra Davis Lerner, 2008�10 Pete Magee, 2008�10 Jan Price, 2007�09 Maggie Ragnow, 2008�10 Emily Anne Tuttle, 2008�10 Stephanie Van D'Elden, 2007�09 We Need Your Help! Private support is essential as we seek to fulfill our mission to inspire learning and discovery through information resources, collaboration, and expertise; your financial contributions enable us to remain at the forefront of academic libraries. basic membership in the friends is $40 each year; at the $80 level, you will receive borrowing privileges. other benefits include: > invitations to lectures, exhibit openings, author readings, and other special events at the university libraries. recent events have featured speakers and performers like Don shelby, robert bly, lou bellamy, Dave frishberg, and lucille Clifton. > a subscription to continuum and the News and Events newsletter > Discounts at the university of minnesota bookstore, located in Coffman memorial union For more information about the Friends call 612-624-9339 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. WWW.lib.umn.eDu 9 Out of the Box and Into the Archives by DAVID LoWEnTHAL Minneapolis native and University of Minnesota alumnus Max Lowenthal was a lifelong defender of civil liberties and a prolific writer. His papers include correspondence relating to his 1950 expos� of the abuses of power in J. Edgar Hoover's FBI, his work on railroad bankruptcies and sedition laws, and his key role behind the Truman administration's recognition of Israel. This article was written by his son, David Lowenthal, who is professor emeritus of geography at University College London and the author of several books including The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History and The Past Is a Foreign Country. Close to a hundred people gathered on March 14, 2008 to celebrate the opening of Max Lowenthal's papers, deposited at the University of Minnesota soon after his death in 1971, and now finally organized and catalogued thanks to a generous gift from Harold Rosenthal, James A. Rosenthal, and Brent and Diane Rosenthal. Susan Hoffman, project archivist, spent three months selecting and ordering an overwhelming mass of materials. Neither Max's execrable penmanship nor his pack-rat habit of gathering and distributing news clippings on every topic under the sun prevented her from bringing his papers into coherent order. As Max's son, I can attest that the family had spared her the worst of Max's omnivore accumulation. She had to deal only with clippings; in his later years he had not bothered even to clip, but merely marked and tore out entire pages from newspapers. We had had to dispose of many piles of such pages that reached from floor to ceiling. But Max's hoarding of every scrap that might conceivably be useful did on occasion pay off. When his book The Federal Bureau of Investigation--an indictment of J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI--made him the target of Hoover's manifold harassments, his federal income tax return was subjected every year to intense auditing. On his treks from our family farm in Bridgewater, Connecticut, to the tax office in Danbury, he would load the car with records of every single transaction, down to five cents for a newspaper. These records he then dumped on the tax agent's desk, demanding scrutiny of every item to ensure he came away squeaky clean. After four or five hours the agent would give up in despair. When the IRS ceased its surveillance some years later, Max demanded that he continue to be audited, lest when he died his wife would be left with the worry. Given the fruitless expenditure of time, it is little wonder the IRS refused. Max was equally scrupulous in recording and documenting dates and details and anecdotes of his family history, especially about early life in Minneapolis. Among other piquant memories he recalled how he and his older brother Archie, then eight and nine years old, sold newspapers and joined street-gang gamblers from their own Lithuanian Jewish and other immigrant groups (German, Polish, Irish, Swedish), playing dice or cards in the alleys until horrified Lowenthal parents forbade it. At age twelve, Max peddled newspapers in what was then the red light district, wondering why there were so many blowsy women about. His tales to us kids about how cold it was on his bike in those days elicited our ritual response that "Life wasn't worth living when Dad was a boy in Minneapolis." (It was still pretty cold when I came with him on visits back to his mother and brother in the 1930s.) Max remained fond of Minneapolis and devoted to Twin Citizens, an affection long reciprocated, as I can attest from a stint at the University in 1972. Indeed, Minnesota featured his first civil liberties cause c�l�bre, the infamous Schaper case. One of Max's University of Minnesota teachers, the political scientist William A. Schaper, was summarily dismissed image: Max Lowenthal, courtesy of the Lowenthal family. 10 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) in the anti-German war hysteria of 1917, when Supreme Court justice and Board of Regents' member Pierce Butler accused him without a shred of evidence of pro-German sympathies. (Some said that Butler's ire was really aroused by Schaper's advocacy of publicly owned street railways for the Twin Cities.) Max helped to rectify this injustice; twenty years later Schaper got an apology and some back pay. Max's methods of persuasion on civic matters that specially concerned him--labor relations, wiretapping, constraints on freedom of speech, police immunity, corporate malfeasance--were unusual in his time; today they seem bizarrely antiquated. He was not given to public protest, engaged in no marches or demonstrations, rarely served as spokesman for his causes. Rather he worked quietly behind the scenes, through personal links with hundreds if not thousands of influential folk. A midwesterner at heart, an exemplar of oldtime "Minnesota Nice," he was intimate with myriad notable men in public affairs, especially but by no means exclusively midwestern senators, Democrats and Republicans alike. Max often spoke warmly of, and was often with, men like Warren Austin of Vermont, Charles Tobey of New Hampshire, Hugo Black of Alabama, the LaFollettes of Wisconsin, Woodrow Borah of Idaho, Alben Barkley of Kentucky, George Norris of Nebraska, and of course Burton Wheeler of Montana and Harry Truman of Missouri, who in turn headed the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce's investigation into railroad receivership of which Max was chief counsel. To thirty-odd senators he would hand-deliver letters he felt warranted their attention, which he typed out three times, ten carbon papers between onion-skin sheets. Such letters were quite frequently effective; for example, he almost single handedly got the Senate to ban wire-tapping. Equally idiosyncratic and effective were his methods of selfdefense when, in 1950, he came under attack for exposing the misdeeds of the FBI. He had long been troubled about the excesses of federal police operations, starting with attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer's raids of 1918�1921 in the postRussian revolution Red scare. This concern resurfaced for Max himself in the mid-1940s. As head of the Board of Economic Warfare's refugee resettlement agency, he was repeatedly summoned by FBI officials to explain why he had hired suchand-such a shady character, not only suspect as, say, an Albanian but as an anthropologist to boot (anthropologists were seen as ipso facto subsersive). These inquests -- timewasting, demeaning, ridiculous, and counter-productive-- together with J. Edgar Hoover's blackmailing shenanigans, led Max to write the book--vetted in proof by President Truman, among others--that Hoover scared several publishers from accepting, before the courageous William Morrow took it on. J. Edgar Hoover's chief crony in the House of Representatives was George Dondero of Michigan, famous for terming modern art "a Moscow conspiracy" to spread communism in the United States. Just before the FBI book came out, Dondero told Congress that Max was "a menace to America" whose exposure would prove him a Soviet spy more dangerous than any since Benedict Arnold. To achieve that exposure, he got the House Un-American Activities Committee to subpoena Max. On September 15, 1950, Max appeared with his counsel, ex-Senator Wheeler, whom the FBI had failed to dissuade from representing him. The hearing was chaired by Morgan M. Moulder of Missouri; also present were representatives Richard M. Nixon of California, thrust to fame by the Alger Hiss�Whittaker Chambers case, and Harold H. Velde of Illinois, an ex-FBI agent who in 1953 sought to subpoena former President Truman for appointing economist Harry Dexter White, thought to be a Soviet spy, to the International Monetary Fund. Max's responses throughout were, to begin with, totally, even maddeningly, disarming. Time and again when asked if he had met so-and-so or knew of links to someone, he said he had no memory of that, but was happy to accept any evidence the committee might have to the contrary. "Anything WWW.lib.umn.eDu 11 the committee has that would correct what I say on this or anything else, I will accept. If it is a fact, I will accept it." This meaningless but conciliatory throwaway line, uttered very slowly ten, twenty, fifty times in a deep, sincere tone, drove his inquisitors round the bend. So too did his disarming asides, countering guilt by association by noting some victim's impeccable Wall Street position with, for example, Cotten & Franklin, and "Joe Cotten had been Under Secretary of State under [President Herbert] Hoover, a wonderful man." Sardonic humor was the second string to Max's bow. The FBI and Dondero hoped to tar him with a Russian brush. Had Max ever been to the Soviet Embassy? Indeed, he went there once, about 1940, to try to get two endangered children out of Lithuania. But that needed Supreme Council approval, never given; consequently the children perished. "That is the only time I was ever in the Russian Embassy. I don't think I ever went to any of their parties, even when everybody else in Washington thought it a nice thing to do." Here Senator Wheeler interjected, "If everybody was accused who went to the Russian Embassy, I am afraid a lot of people would be accused, because they went to the Russian Embassy and ate caviar." This was too much for Harold Velde: "I don't think the committee intends to accuse Mr. Lowenthal because he went to the Russian Embassy." The charge crumbled into farce. Indignant hauteur, along with reductio ad absurdum, was Max's third line of resistance. He had served in many branches of government for almost four decades. A few years back, he told the committee, he had rebuffed queries from a Civil Service Commission agent. "For some little investigator to come around and ask me questions about my record, which had already been passed upon by some of the leading men in the U.S. Senate, and by men who have been president, on both the Democratic and Republican side, seemed to me rather ignoble. . . . I would be willing to be questioned by my peers, but not by some little investigator who may not have been born by the time I had begun to serve the Federal Government with some honor." This should have warned investigator Louis J. Russell what he was in for. Asked his views on ex-colleagues, Max scolded Russell: "If you keep up this process of making charges, there isn't a corporation in the United States that won't be charged with being communistic or anti-American." Noting many suspects' Wall Street law and business ties, Max hit home: "There are investigators who have no knowledge of that part of American life, and never will, . . . because they couldn't get a job in such places under any circumstances, except maybe as a detective." Goaded, detective-investigator Russell unwisely demurred: "I was also employed in private indus-try, Mr. Lowenthal." Max pounced on his hapless prey: "I am not saying anything about members of this staff, I will reserve that for another occasion." He didn't need to. Russell ended his detective career as a pip-squeak plumber in the Watergate scandal. Max's primary lesson, reiterated again and again, was the toxic self-destructive effect of guilt by association. "If people are accused who were recently members of prominent Wall Street offices and their clients, what happens to those offices and their clients? What happens to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, who lived a year with Alger Hiss as his law clerk? Would Holmes be blasted for that? . . . If you keep up this process, there will be no American who will be known as an American; and I am sure the members of this committee would not want that to happen." The transcript of Max's testimony, released just before his FBI book came out, showed the House Un-American Activities Committee to be a shambolic travesty. No less inept was the FBI itself. In vain did the agency seek the mystery woman to whom Max had dedicated his book. Countless detective days were wasted trying to trace Mrs. T. J. P. Poppingham, who was in fact the made-up heroine of a dinner-time story Max used to tell his children. And when my brother finally gained the FBI's file on Mrs. Poppingham under the Freedom of Information Act, its pages were entirely blacked out. Max's last public statement on civil liberties appears in an essay entitled "Police Methods in Crime Detection and Counter-Espionage," from a University of Chicago Law School conference on criminal law enforcement in March 1951. Its present pertinence is obvious: "In recent years," he concluded, "the thoughts, the beliefs, the ideals, the words, the circles, the acquaintances of large numbers of our population have been subjected to police scrutiny. That dragnet is no good. It did not get us a spy of importance. It harmed a lot of people and it harmed our society. . . .The emergency that we face calls for a renewal of our faith in a system of freedom, not for stripping its strength away. . . freedoms not worn threadbare by Federal or any other police officials raised high above the general population." Max's admonition is as applicable to America today as it was two generations ago. 12 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) campus PERSPECTIVES PERSPECTIVES The Conservation of a University by TIMoTHy CRonIn The campuses of the University of Minnesota have been fertile ground for intellectual work for over 150 years. In this time, a rich culture of scholarship has grown from the excellence of the University's faculty, staff, and students. This culture is rooted not only in the production of scholarly work, but also in the preservation of cultures at the University. The University Digital Conservancy is now helping to capture this scholarly culture for future generations. A partnership between the University Libraries and the Office of Information Technology, the Conservancy serves the University with two main functions: as a venue for the long-term preservation of and open access to faculty, staff, and student works; and as a digital archive for institutional materials such as minutes of the Board of Regents and Strategic Positioning documents, which have traditionally been made available in the University Archives, part of the University Libraries' Archives and Special Collections. A resource like the Conservancy can also prevent the loss of resources that can arise as an institution like the University evolves. The Center for Research on Developmental Education and Urban Literacy, for example, will close in 2008, though it will not be lost as an asset to the University community or to its nationwide audience because all of the books, monographs, proceedings, and research reports produced in the Center's ten years will be preserved in the Conservancy and publicly available and fully searchable in one location: http://conservancy.umn.edu. What's so important about preserving these works while making them widely accessible? Conservancy Co-directors Beth Kaplan and Philip Herold make a convincing case. "Over the long term, the Conservancy provides a means of preserving/organizing/representing scholarly and institutional culture(s) at the University," says Kaplan. "The U is made up of multiple cultures and traditions, many of which intersect and overlap. The Conservancy provides a way to represent those intersections in multiple ways." And represent it does. In addition to receiving permanent Internet addresses, all materials in the Conservancy are accessible to the general public. Herold, reflecting on the Conservancy's role in increasing the accessibility and visibility of scholarship, explains, "It's an excellent mechanism for sharing. One that allows great findability through Google-- better than what other Web sites and most types of databases can offer, because our rankings are higher thanks to preference in Google's search algorithm." In other words, works deposited in the Conservancy are now more likely to be seen by a worldwide audience. This is crucial for certain scholarly cultures, like the field of mathematics, in which researchers routinely share prepublication versions of their works with others in the discipline. For a clear example of this, one need only peruse the Conservancy's archive of more than 2,200 "preprints" of works by mathematicians and scientists supported by the University's Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications (IMA). The IMA Preprint Series, as it is called, fosters the rapid exposure of research-- before it is published--that is necessary in this interdisciplinary culture of mathematics and science. The rapid, worldwide visibility afforded by the Conservancy is good news for the students of the Primary Care Clerkship (PCC) at the University's Medical School as well. As thirdand fourth-year medical students, participants of this image: From Linking Light Rail Transit to the City: Six Neighborhood Station Districts, 1999, Minnesota Department of Transportation. WWW.lib.umn.eDu 13 interdisciplinary course gain experience in primary care settings while continuing their University course work. A particularly practical aspect of the PCC is the students' development of patient education tools, modeled after informational pamphlets you'd find in a doctor's office. Beginning in 2007, these student-made tools are searchable in the Conservancy. The original works give the students an opportunity to channel their new experience into a practical application: educating the public about real health risks. Granted, the patient education tools are a PCC course project, but their real-life relevance is undeniable. Wayne Loftus, a librarian in the University's Bio-Medical Library who has helped students develop their PCC course projects, considers the place these tools have in the Conservancy: "These materials may be of actual clinical relevance out in the wider world. . . . Clinics will be able to use or adapt them and distribute them to the patients who need them." Loftus says that faculty look at this arrangement as a benefit to the students as well. Having their names on publicly available educational tools certainly won't hurt their advancement toward residency opportunities. "The Medical School shares that hope," adds Loftus, "and also hopes to reinforce their reputation for excellence by making high quality works openly available." Dr. David Power is eager to see this arrangement continue. He's the course director for the PCC and has worked closely with University librarians to see that his students' work gets the attention it deserves. "For years I have felt badly that students were going to such trouble and creating such wonderful patient education pieces, and basically no one was ever seeing them," says Dr. Power. He clearly believes that these materials exemplify the excellent scholarship achieved at the University every day, and he's happy that an avenue like the Conservancy potentially allows the patient education tools to serve their intended purpose: to communicate with real patients. In fact, Dr. Power's students are getting a taste of what has become an international movement in open access publishing. Depositing scholarly articles in open access repositories is now required for all Harvard arts and sciences faculty, according to a mandate announced in February 2008. Harvard is the first American university to formally join this movement, which gives authors more control over how their works are preserved and disseminated, and which has picked up speed at universities around the world over the last five years. A policy change at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provides a new catalyst for this trend: all articles resulting from NIH funding must be deposited in PubMed Central, NIH's open access digital archive for research in biomedical and life sciences. Naturally, granting public access to more resources in health sciences can foster advancements in the field, but a service like the Conservancy has the ability to take the University community back in time, to early moments in the history of the culture of scholarship that permeates the University today. Take, for example, n, the alumni news magazine of the University of Minnesota Department of Plant Pathology. The complete archive is now fully searchable in the Conservancy. The department, which celebrated its 100th anniversary this year, has captured the mores of plant pathology in their magazine for more than 80 years. The typewritten premier issue takes the form of a journal, "Wherein," the preface reads loftily, "are recorded the recollections, the ruminations, and the respirations of those who have drunk from the foaming fount in the Department of Plant Pathology of the University of Minnesota and who now spout forth in divers [sic] ways." We can all examine the scholarly record at the University firsthand through digital archives like this and countless others held in the Conservancy, which continues to grow rapidly, collecting more of the past and keeping it accessible to future generations of scholars. image: Cover from Aurora Sporealis, the alumni news magazine of the University of Minnesota Department of Plant Pathology. 14 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) Curating Cultural Heritage by kATRInA VAnDEnbERG When a curator gets into the elevator on the first floor of the Elmer L. Andersen Library and slides his security card through an electronic card reader, he descends one hundred feet below the main floor where two caverns, each two stories high and the length of two football fields, have been carved out of sandstone and limestone. The caverns, referred to by one curator as "an engineering marvel," are the home of the University of Minnesota Libraries' special collections, which are protected by the natural temperature and climate control of the caves. Lights are on timers so the books and other items receive limited direct light. Why do these books, manuscripts, and other items merit additional care? Because special collections are miniature libraries, museums, and archives, all at once. Not only are their materials grouped around a theme or subject matter--Sherlock Holmes, children's literature, and cuneiform inscriptions are just a few of the collections you might find here--but the items themselves are often rare or valuable; they matter as artifacts, not just as information. And two of these collections, the Performing Arts Archives and the Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies, are among the richest of their kind. Who knew they could be found within bluffs overlooking the Mississippi? the Guthrie, containing sketches by internationally renowned designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch. Costume designs like this one by Desmond Heeley ("the originals are exquisite" remarked Lathrop). Posters from the James Sewell Ballet Company. But you don't necessarily have to be in the library to explore the archives. Fully digitized and searchable at http://digital.lib.umn.edu/ scenery/ are drawings of scenic backdrops, including the Holak collection of turn-of-the-century designs for fraternal organizations' stage ceremonies, salvaged from a building moments before a wrecking ball destroyed it. With his knowledge of the area arts, Lathrop is an archive himself. If you're part of an arts group in Minnesota, chances are you've received a phone call from him or his staff over the years. "Most arts groups are too busy staying alive to take care of their records themselves," Lathrop said. "We tell them we think their records should be at the University, where they can be maintained and used by others." People contact the archive staff, too, like the Theatre de la Jeune Lune did when it closed. The Minnesota Historical Society and Minneapolis Public Library often refer people to Lathrop when they receive offers of documents. Sometimes, people call out of the blue, as in the case of a former actress with a Minnesota fringe theater group, the Alive and Trucking Theater Company, which existed for only a few years in the early 70s. Lathrop drove to the woman's house to pick up the scrapbooks she'd made and kept for years. While these archives are extremely useful for interested students and researchers, they're also an active repository of ideas for working artists in one of the most vibrant arts scenes in the nation. When the Guthrie stages a play, the The Heritage of a State's Cultural Arts In 1970, a newly hired curator at the Libraries began work on an archive. Alan Lathrop, who retired in October 2008, has spent much of his career helping to build the Performing Arts Archive. The archive was established in 1971 and is now composed of 85 to 90 collections, devoting more than 300 cubic feet to materials from the Guthrie Theater alone. The Performing Arts Archives preserves records related to theater, music, and dance throughout the state, and aims to document as fully as possible the activities of individuals and groups in professional and amateur performing arts here. But when Lathrop arrived, the Libraries had only six of these collections, and many of them were small. "There were odds and ends," he said. "We've been actively building ever since." After 38 years of active building, here are some items Lathrop could bring you from the caverns: costume bibles from image: Costume sketch for The Cherry Orchard designed by Desmond Heeley, 1996, Guthrie Theater, Minneapolis, MN. WWW.lib.umn.eDu 15 stage management team might come to see the prompt book used the last time the play was performed there. A theater company planning a performance might be interested in how another theater once staged the same play. From the 1903 program of the very first performance of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (which would become the Minnesota Orchestra), to oral histories of Hmong refugees done by Creative Theater Unlimited, to peruse these archives is to peruse the history of the people of Minnesota, filtered through their drama, music, and dance. After Lathrop retires, he hopes this growth in the archives is sustained. "This is a very rich area, and we have contacts in most performing arts groups that are extant," he said. "I don't see any reason it just can't keep flourishing." gay male love poetry from the Netherlands, medieval books, and photographs. The Tretter Collection is also the exclusive archive for countries intolerant of homosexuality, like Sri Lanka and Belarus. People who live in those places smuggle materials out and mail them from other countries to the University of Minnesota. Jean Tretter's career in curating began when, as a social and cultural anthropology major at the University of Minnesota in the early seventies, he wanted to specialize in GLBT anthropology. This was around the time the American Psychiatric Association was debating whether to remove "homosexuality" from the "Sexual Deviancy" section of their diagnostic manual of mental disorders, and Tretter was told gay culture and history did not exist. So he started proving its existence himself, building the collection in his twobedroom apartment. "Floor to ceiling, boxes and boxes and boxes," he said, with room for a sleeping bag, a television, and not much else. So why did Tretter offer his collection to the University of Minnesota Libraries? He cites the Libraries' facilities, plus an infrastructure that helps people find what they're looking for. "I'm not wealthy," he said. "You'd have to be, to preserve and maintain a collection like this. And the University helps make it known. I now get requests from places like the London School of Economics. People look for collections like this in a university. We're part of the cultural heritage of the world," he said. "Jean is very committed to the long-term preservation and availability of those materials," adds Kris Kiesling, the Elmer L. Andersen Director of Archives and Special Collections. "It's good that we have him here, continuing to build the collection." The Tretter Collection's ambitious acquisition program, which has grown to be one of the top ten of its kind in the world, relies on donations of material from around the world. The Tretter Collection was popular from its first days at the University in 2001, and remains one of the Libraries' most heavily used. Tretter also takes the collection's show on the road, across the United States and even to less open societies, like Moscow's, in the form of a world history exhibit. "It's so easy to think I'm the only one," Tretter said. "When you say to someone, Here is four thousand years of your history, it helps alleviate the sense that they're alone." There are similarities between the Performing Arts Archives and the Tretter Collections. Both collections were primarily image: Excerpted from a poster featuring Lesbians and Drag Kings, circa 1995, Takarazuka Theater, Japan. The Heritage of a Culture Curator Jean-Nickolaus Tretter holds out a thick black book. The bottom half of its front cover and the edges of its pages are discolored. "Large books don't burn very easily," he says. The book, Le Marquis de Sade et Son Temps by Dr. Eug�ne Duehren, is a volume salvaged from Magnus Hirschfeld's library in Berlin. Hirschfeld was both gay and a Jew, and on May 6, 1933, the brownshirts destroyed more than 10,000 of his books in a fire. After the soldiers left, street cleaners found the book Tretter is now holding, and had it smuggled into Switzerland. From there, it went to a book dealer in California. "The National Holocaust Museum doesn't have one of these, and they were very interested in it when they were here," Tretter said. "People assume that everything in a GLBT collection is going to be about sex," he said, putting the book down. "There's a lot more to it." There is a lot more-- 60,000 to 65,000 items more, in fiftyeight languages, including a tiny book of sixteenth-century 16 books Wither . . . Whither libraries? (issue 7) built by their current curators. Both collections' curators emphasize that the archives they maintain do not belong to them or to one group of people, but to everyone. In fact, the University of Minnesota Libraries' special collections are open to the public. Anyone can walk in off the street and see the world's largest book or Alice Walker's script for the movie version of The Color Purple. And people do, alone or by the busload, whether they live down the block or continents away. Finally, both collections were first assembled by people-- whether Jean-Nickolaus Tretter or a young actress in Alive and Trucking--piecing together items that the dominant culture did not yet recognize as having value. "People always say, History is written by the winners. I'm not sure that's true," Tretter said. "It's written by those who save the most stuff." continued from p.7 supporting Cultural Heritage Is His Heritage country. Museums and libraries provide a unique window into our shared past--the proud, the glorious, the tragic, and the shameful--and as such they offer us the opportunity to shape a better future for people everywhere. our educational system, from pre-school to post-graduate studies. They provide important opportunities for lifelong learning, for people of all ages. And, they are critical to our understanding of our heritage--as individuals, and as a from p.7 A Heroic Gift are well-turned phrases like local author Neil Gaiman's line from Sandman that "the price of getting what you want is getting what you once wanted." Comics at their best reflect the central lesson of Spider-Man, that "with great power, there must also come great responsibility." Comics display the nobility of Superman, a being so powerful he could take whatever he wanted for himself, but whose internal morality compels him to live, and even die, protecting and helping others. In those comics, might does not make right. Instead, might serves right. I'm now enjoying reading comic stories to my four-year-old grandson Joseph. Each time we finish a story of Green Arrow or Batman, he begs for another. Because of comics, he encountered the words "pachyderm" and "reverberate" and listened attentively to explanations of what they meant. Comics can inspire. They can teach. The care that the University will take to preserve these comics means that someday my grandchildren's grandchildren can delve into the paper and ink that fascinated generations before. This legacy should last beyond a lifetime. and it's close enough that I can still visit just by walking a few blocks. continuum: How would you respond to critics who don't see comic books as something worthy of keeping at all, let alone preserving in the archives of a research library? JPB: Some comics, yesterday and today, are just plain bad. Some are wonderfully goofy, asking readers to suspend their disbelief and accept that super-strength and a heavy chain are enough to pull Manhattan Island out of the path of danger. Of course, bad taste and low quality can be found in any medium of communication, whether it's oral storytelling, parchment, books, newspapers, motion pictures, radio, television, plays, dance, or music. Why would anyone expect comics to be different? Comics, sometimes wittingly, sometimes unwittingly, channel the culture from which they come, and comics are a wonderful window into that past culture for those who want to understand it. There's also great art in some comics, and it is no longer obscured by crude printing. Even the jaded should enjoy the painted storytelling of Alex Ross, for example. There WWW.lib.umn.eDu 17 nonProfit org. 499 wilson librar y 309 19th avenue south minneapolis, mn 55455 u.s. Postage PaiD mPls., mn Permit no. 155 ouT oF THE DARk, InTo THE LIGHT When local photographer Peter Martin was teaching a History of Photography class at the u of M School of Journalism, he sought out a genuine volume of The Pencil of Nature, the first book to be illustrated entirely with photographs and authored by William Henry Fox Talbot, generally regarded as the inventor of the negative-to-positive photographic process. Martin was thrilled to learn that an incomplete copy of the work was held in the Joseph S. Mertle Collection on the History of Photomechanics, a distinguished part of the Special Collections and Rare books unit in the Elmer L. Andersen Library. More remarkable is what Martin discovered when he arrived to examine the book: an original paper negative created using Talbot's technique. understanding the value of having not only one of the rarest books in the history of photography, but an actual negative from the collection of Talbot himself, Martin worked with the Libraries to digitize the negative, thus creating a surrogate for the fragile original. The photograph, thought to be of a tree lined Coley Avenue in Reading, England, is printed here. The reproduction demonstrates the effect that chemical aging has had on the negative over the past 150 years: the once black-andwhite image now has a blue sky and the road and trees are different shades of brown.


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Trees - ever fancied growing one in your garden, but worried about it getting too big? They're not all giants and our range features deciduous and evergreen trees for all sizes of garden. Some can even be grown in large containers on the patio.
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Heptacodium miconioides (Large Plant)
Seven Son Flower Tree
Heptacodium is an unusual shrub for the garden; it may look exotic, but plants are fully hardy and there are plenty of reasons to grow one in your garden. The late summer blooms are creamy-white and deeply fragrant, and even when they fall, they leave behind colourful, pink-coloured calyxes. The foliage is also attractive hanging in elegant pairs of glossy green leaves.
Heptacodium miconioides can be grown either as a shrub or compact, manageable tree in the garden, so is ideal for small gardens. Plants are quick-growing and easy to maintain. Height: 6m (20'). Spread 3m (10').More info
Arbutus unedo (Large Plant)
Strawberry Tree
This striking shrub makes a superb focal point for year-round interest. Its leathery, evergreen foliage and peeling, cinnamon brown bark form a superb backdrop for the clusters of small, white, urn-shaped flowers in autumn. The dainty blooms give way to scarlet red fruits that only fully ripen in the following year, as a new set of flowers emerge.
The edible fruits of Arbutus unedo have a sharp aftertaste when eaten raw, but can be made into jams and preserves for a sweeter, guava-like flavour. This neat, compact variety is an ideal specimen shrub for a sheltered position. Although perfectly hardy once mature, Arbutus trees will appreciate a layer of fleece for winter protection when young. Perfect for coastal gardens and sheltered woodland areas. Height and spread up to: 8m (25').More info
Leyland Cypress 'Castlewellan' (Large Plant)
× Cuprocyparis leylandii 'Galway Gold', x Cupressocyparis, Cupressus leylandii
The Leyland Cypress is a popular choice for hedging in the UK, as it is fast-growing and evergreen, making a useful screening plant. Leyland Cypress 'Castlewellan' has golden foliage, which is a real eye-catcher and makes a striking evergreen specimen plant. The feathery foliage is accompanied by small, round cones later in summer.
This well known conifer can grow to 12 metres, but will take 20 years or more to reach this height. Leylandii can be clipped as a hedge, as long as this done regularly. Height: up to 25m (80'). Spread: 5m (15').More info
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NO-GO AREAS FOR WHITES; That's the claim in official probe on immigration SHOCK REPORT HIGHLIGHTS FEARS OF WORKING-CLASS BRUMMIES LIVING ON CASTLE VALE ESTATE.
WHITE working class Brummies fear parts of their city have become nogo areas for them.
The shock claim has been made in a bombshell Government report into how poor white people feel about immigration.
The study has also revealed that hardworking white Brummies fear politicians have betrayed them in favour of refugees and single mothers.
Researchers for the Department of Communities and Local Government quizzed residents from Castle Vale about their feelings on immigration.
They also questioned people from Runcorn in Cheshire, Milton Keynes and Thetford in Norfolk.
Among the many concerns raised in Castle Vale was the claim that white people were not welcome in parts of Birmingham at night.
The report quotes an anonymous male contributor, aged in his 40s, who notes that others from outside the area would consider his neighbourhood a no-go area for them, too.
The report states: "He talks of a few incidents that have occurred over previous years, including a road sign in an area with a high Asian population, on which was sprayed the phrase 'No Whites after 8.30'.
"These 'no-go areas', according to him, are mirrored by Castle Vale, a place where he feels safe but others would not dare go."
The man tells the report author's: "Perhaps I need to work harder in understanding the different cultures and things like that, but there's things that I see when I'm driving around Birmingham that I shouldn't be happening.
"There's these areas that have completely been took over... and you do feel very uneasy. Not just me, and I only drive into these areas, never actually walk into these areas, I just wouldn't. Just in case I did do something that I... because of their culture or their religion it was a threat or it was an insult or something, because we don't understand.
"The British people don't really understand.
"And all of a sudden we've got to try and understand all these different things that have been thrown at us. And I think it's very, very difficult for a lot of people." Yet while he claimed some white people might also be afraid to come to Castle Vale at night, local white residents had no such fears.
"These are our little havens, places like Castle Vale, and it's about 90 per cent white in this community, and it's just such a relief you know," he said.
"Even though there's people out there that would be terrified to come to Castle Vale, we can't wait to get back to it." Yetcommunity leaders across were sceptical about the claims last night and highlighted the racial harmony in the city.
Dr Mohammed Naseem, the chairman of Birmingham Central Mosque, blamed the Government for the fears over immigration.
He said: "If the white working class in Birmingham do feel betrayed, then it is the fault of successive Governments, it has nothing to do with race or immigration or anything like that.
"No community should be made to feel like they are being treated unfairly and if the Government do think immigration is a problem then perhaps they should take a look at themselves because they allowed these people in in the first place.
"They did not just land here from heaven, the Government created a problem for itself, and is now dealing with consequences like this.
"For the most part there is racial harmony in Birmingham and if there are nogo areas, then they are in places like Broad Street after 11pm, but that is a national problem and nothing to do with colour."
Castle Vale Labour councillor Linda Clinton also said she was surprised by the reports' conclusions.
She said: "To be honest, there are not even that many immigrants in Castle Vale and if it was ever a no-go area then it was a no-go area for everyone, no matter what your colour, about a decade ago.
"But since then it has been regenerated and lots of people have moved in, making waiting lists for council houses much longer than they were in the past.
"I think this has led to the perception that immigrants might be getting a helping hand, but the truth is I think the Housing Association are being as fair as they can be.
"Also, I believe the report's authors only interviewed about 43 people in the area anyway and that doesn't even represent a road, does it?"
MaxieHayles, Chairmanof Birmingham Racial Attacks Monitoring Unit, said he felt that the report's findings were 'dangerous'.
He said: "Reports like this should be about cohesion, not divisive, and I would seriously question the validity of the methodology used to carry it out.
"This will do absolutely nothing for the racial harmony we are trying to promote in the city.
"In all my time here I have never come across a no-go area for white people, the idea is simply ridiculous.
"Birmingham is a civilised city and does not suffer from the supposed apartheid made out in this report which I find absolutely disgraceful."
The wide-ranging report looked into attitudes to immigration across England and found a widespread sense of resentment, unfairness and disempowerment among the white working-class communities questioned.
The report noted: "Indeed, many stories pursue the theme of resources being 'given away' to minorities.
"We understand these stories as not necessarily a reflection of things that have really happened, but rather a coded way to signal that the speaker contests the frame within which all the unfairness is experienced by ethnic minorities."
Communities Secretary Hazel Blears, who last year blamed the rise of the ultraright BNP on politicians abandoning the working class, said the concerns of Castle Vale residents should not be branded racist.
She said: "People who care about their communities and have lived there for generations have every right to ask questions about what is happening there.
"The job of politicians is to listen and respond, to have the very debates that people in these estates are having - or we risk losing touch with them altogether."
But Tory spokeswoman Lady Warsi said the study showed a "ticking timebomb of racial and class prejudice".
She added: "What an indictment of New Labour. Over the last 10 years they have completely lost touch with their so-called roots.
"This should be a call to focus on the core problems."
The Sunday Mercury revealed in 2007 how large numbers of white people are leaving Birmingham for other parts of Britain - while the number of ethnic community groups in the city continues to grow rapidly.
The disclosures were made by researchers at Manchester University who said it is expected that the number of whites in Birmingham will drop by nearly a fifth over the next 20 years - from 65 per cent in 2006 to 48 per cent in 2026.
Meanwhile, the number of Pakistanis in the city will increase from 13 per cent in 2006 to 48 per cent in 2026.
It is believed the percentage of other ethnic groups, including African, Caribbean, Indian, Bangladeshi and Chinese, will remain roughly around the same.
According to the report, Birmingham will become only the second British city in which whites will no longer be the majority group.
The change-round will have happened by 2024, following in the footsteps of Leicester, where it is expected the white population will find itself in the minority in 12 years' time.
Residents of the Castle Vale estate in Birmingham were interviewed for the Government report
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|Jan 4, 2009
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Grace under pressure
Former Gov. Grace Padaca has been ordered arrested by the Sandiganbayan antigraft court for alleged corruption and malversation of funds in connection with an agricultural development program that was started during her term as governor of Isabela. The filing of the charges and her prosecution are suspicious because they come before the 2013 midterm elections. Having unseated the then long-running governor Faustino Dy Jr. in 2004, which was unthinkable because Dy's political clan had entrenched itself firmly in the North for decades, Padaca and her supporters are expected to again make a dent on the old guard next year. The political establishment in Isabela may again be quaking in its boots.
In 2009 Padaca was ordered to vacate her post after losing the recount of the votes from the 2007 elections to Benjamin Dy. She lost in 2010 to Dy, who was reelected along with his running mate, Vice Gov. Rodolfo Albano III. Her electoral losses and her prosecution should show that despite these setbacks, she remains the biggest threat to the political establishment in Isabela, and that it cannot afford to take any chances.
The complaints against Padaca and other provincial officials were filed at the Office of the Ombudsman by former Isabela Rep. Santiago Respicio, who is allied with the Dys. Padaca is accused of favoring a nongovernment organization, the Economic Development for Western Isabela and Northern Luzon Foundation Inc. (EDWINLFI), in the award of a P25-million priority hybrid rice project. The Office of the Ombudsman said Padaca had illegally awarded the contract to manage the supervised credit and seed distribution facility for farmers as it was done without public bidding or any other legitimate procurement procedure.
Padaca has denied the charge, saying the Dys were behind her persecution. She has explained that the agreement with EDWINLFI was "ratified" by the provincial board and that the release of the funds was cleared by the Department of Budget and Management. Moreover, the program was audited by the Commission on Audit. "The lack of a public bidding was not a reason to conclude that there was injury to the government because the procurement law did not apply to the transaction," she said.
The relevance of the hybrid rice loan program can be gauged by its success. It has helped make 10 Isabela towns the biggest rice producers in Cagayan Valley, said Alicia Mayor Cecilia Claire Reyes, a former provincial board member. The loans released to farmers of the towns of Roxas, Gamu, Naguilian, Burgos, San Mariano, Benito Soliven, Mallig, Aurora, Quezon and San Manuel have helped increase their rice earnings. By and large, according to government records, the funds have been used to improve rice production in 35 towns.
According to the Kaya Natin! Movement for Good Governance and Ethical Leadership, the criminal case brought against the former Isabela governor is intended by her enemies to keep her out of politics in the province. It "is another case of injustice in our country where the corrupt use all their power and influence to ensure that effective, ethical and empowering leaders are discouraged from practicing good governance and becoming more proactive in helping uplift the lives of every Filipino," Kaya Natin said in a statement.
Among the signatories to the statement are Interior Secretary Jesse Robredo, former Pampanga Gov. Ed Panlilio, presidential adviser Nereus Acosta and lawmakers Jorge Banal, Teddy Baguilat and Kaka Bag-ao. It should be noted that both Robredo and Padaca are recipients of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government leadership. Along with Panlilio, they founded Kaya Natin to promote transparency and clean and responsible government.
The political persecution of Padaca illustrates the powerful resistance of politically entrenched families representing old politics to the popular movement for reforms and transparency in government. That resistance was evident from the moment Padaca decided to challenge the political bosses in Isabela: She had to battle electoral protests lodged by the Dys before she could be proclaimed by the Commission on Elections. She may have become the poster girl of new politics when she won in 2004, but she continues to be hobbled by a sustained and well-funded campaign by an old order characterized by corruption and cronyism. The elevation of the cases against her to the Sandiganbayan and her arrest order are a setback to new politics.
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1997 HYUNDAI ACCENT GL Contact for Price
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Dallas quarterback Tony Romo threw for 416 yards and four touchdowns with no interceptions last week against the Saints. But the Cowboys were beaten in overtime.
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You know they are out there. They are lining up, maybe even like it's Black Friday or something. They are large in numbers, loud and sometimes unruly, especially when calling in to participate on talk-radio shows.
The Tony Romo Haters.
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Diary of a Racketaholic
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Posts: 942
Originally Posted by
Power Player
Even with that against me, I still love it now. It saves me money..lots of money. Also allows me to not have to wait on a stringer. I dont have to plan out when to drop off and pick up racquets anymore. Can tinker with whatever string setups I want, and then just cut the string out if I hate it..no big deal.
Stringing myself hasn't saved me any money.
In fact, it's made me spend *more* money on strings because instead of waiting for a job to break or become totally unplayable like I used to, now I restring whenever I feel like it or when I start seeing any slight drop in a stringbed's performance. On the other hand, I've tested out about four years of strings in just 12 months, so I'm a lot more familiar with what's out there. If I had done all the same experimenting at $10-15 labor per stringjob at the local shop, yeah, the machine has almost paid for itself.
I screwed up a weave on the first racquet I strung and didn't catch it. Since then, I rarely make a mistake that can't be fixed. I've watched all of
YouTube videos and they've helped me a ton. I've never needed to look up a frame's pattern and routinely use box and ATW patterns. I'm by no means an expert, but I can crank out a frame in about an hour from the time I arrive at my work station to the time I put the frame back in the bag. I don't think you'd have any trouble picking it up.
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At eighteen years, she decided to branch out on her own, playing guitar and singing in local venues. Early in 2008, she was the winner of an online international talent contest "Clipstar" in the singing category, where she sang her own version of Mercy by Duffy. After such an encouraging response, Sara Lou began to write her own original songs, which enabled her to perform in more established live-music venues nationwide.
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A-list Hollywood actor Dayne Matthews wrestles with the shocking information he learned about his past in Karen's best-selling novel "Reunion." Now Dayne must come to terms with the reality of his situation and find both forgiveness and family along the way.