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With a career crossroads fight for former #1-world ranked heavyweight contender Cristobal Arreola (29-2, 25 KOs) just three weeks away, Team Arreola brought in some reinforcements with the notable addition of highly-successful and respected, Houston-based trainer Ronnie Shields. Shields, who worked with Mike Tyson and guided the likes of Evander Holyfield, Pernell Whittaker, Meldrick Taylor , Vernon Forrest and Kermit Cintron to world titles, will share the corner with incumbent trainer Henry Ramirez at Arreola's January 28 ESPN2 "Friday Night Fights" main event against hard-hitting southpaw Joey Abell (27-4, 26 KOs) at Pechanga Resort & Casino in Temecula, CA..
"I spoke with (Arreola's advisor) Al Haymon a couple of months ago about possibly working with Chris," Shields revealed. "They called me a few days ago and told me they were sending Chris down to Houston and we had the first workout this past Wednesday."
This development is something new for both Arreola and Ramirez, as they have been together since Arreola's amateur days. Not long ago he was considered one of the most popular heavyweights in the world because of his aggressiveness and propensity for knocking out his opponents. But since experiencing his first pro loss after 27 consecutive wins against WBC world champion Vitali Klitschko back in September, 2009, Arreola has been widely criticized by boxing insiders - including his own promotional and management team - and his most ardent fans for his obvious lack of commitment to training and conditioning. Haymon, promoter Dan Goossen and even Ramirez all concurred that Arreola needed to hear a new voice bringing in new training techniques to add to -- and tweak some of -- those Ramirez has in place.
"Henry let me go ahead and train Chris the way I thought it should be done on the first day of training," Shields acknowledged. "Chris hit the mitts and shadowboxed. Then I discussed with Henry what I had seen. It was the first time I'd seen Chris shadowbox and I told him that there were some things he wasn't doing correctly that he was doing on the pads. Basically, it was that he was lunging with his right hand. And I told him that we need to work on trying to correct it and get rid of the bad habits. We ended up doing about 10 rounds that day."
In addition to the change in training for his upcoming fight, Arreola is also working with a new man in charge of conditioning. In lieu of Arreola's regular conditioning guru Darryl Hudson, Shields has Arreola working with his locally-based expert Brian Caldwell.
"Brian Caldwell has been with me and worked with Juan Diaz, Kermit Cintron and just about every fighter I've trained," Shields noted. 'So it made sense to work with him since he's already here instead of flying someone else in."
As for the potential that Shields sees in Arreola and the impact he can make on his career, Shields sees an opportunity to help the Riverside, CA native realize his dream of becoming the first world heavyweight champion of Mexican descent.
"As I told everybody when I first saw Chris when he was an amateur, this kid will be heavyweight champion of the world. And he's still a young guy; he's only 29 years old. He's still a baby. I told him that the first day. I had a long talk with him before we trained and just wanted to see where he was coming from. I see a lot of potential in Chris, but the truth is he is his own worst enemy. I told him that I'm not here to put pressure on him; I'm here to help him. I'm going to work side by side with Henry on trying to get Chris into position to once again challenge for a world heavyweight title -- and possibly win it."
The Arreola-Abell main event and co-feature pitting Michael Dallas, Jr. (17-0-1, 7 KOs) versus Josesito Lopez (28-3, 16 KOs) will be televised LIVE on ESPN2's "Friday Night Fights" (10pm ET/7pm PT).
Ticket prices start at $35 and are available at www.pechanga.com or directly at the Pechanga Box Office daily from 10am to 10pm, or by calling 1-877-711-2WIN. Doors open at 5pm. First Bout is at 6pm.
Arreloa v. Abell at Pechanga Jan. 28 - Updated Fight Card
Los Angeles, CA (November 30, 2010) Not long ago, Cristobal Arreola had won his first 27 pro fights; was ranked as the #1 heavyweight contender in the world; and was arguably the most popular and exciting heavyweight boxer worldwide since Mike Tyson. However, all thoughts of Arreola taking over Tysons reign dissipated after a hard-fought world title loss to Vitali Klitschko, when the Riverside, California knockout artist ballooned up to 263 pounds for his next fight and has been criticized for his lack of conditioning and desire ever since.
Now 29-2 (25 KOs) and desperate to regain respect and acceptance as a legitimate contender for a world heavyweight title, The Nightmare will take on hard-hitting southpaw Joey Minnesota Ice Abell (27-4, 26 KOs) in the scheduled 10-round main event of the Goossen Tutor Promotions presentation of an ESPN2 Friday Night Fights telecast from the Pechanga Resort & Casino in Temecula, California on January 28, 2011 LIVE at 10 PM Eastern/7 PM local.
The 29-year-old Mexican-American will carry a heavy burden into the ring against a man with an even higher knockout percentage (96.3% - 86.2%) than his own. The question is Can Chris Arreola dedicate himself to his sport by coming into his fight with Joey Abell in significantly better condition and win it impressively enough to get his fans and reputation back? For his part, Abell also 29 and the same height as Arreola at 6-4 -- believes that it is a Yes and No proposition.
In my mind its a do or die fight for him and I expect that he will try and do more to get in shape for me, said Abell, who will be taking a big step up in competition. I cannot listen to all the negativity about Chris or else I might come in less prepared than I need to be. After all, he once fought for the world heavyweight title, so hes the best opponent I will have faced in my career so far.
Im not sure Chris will use that negativity as motivation to get into shape since he hasnt yet in his most recent fights, the Coon Rapids, Minnesota native continued. However, this is a do or die fight for me also. I need to beat a fighter of Chris caliber if I hope to get a shot at a world title. That said, Im gonna win and Im gonna win early; definitely inside of 10 rounds regardless of what type of condition hes in.
Abells credentials include a November 2007 decision win over then-unbeaten (14-0-1) Teke Oruh the only boxer to go the distance in any of Abells victories -- in a Goossen Tutor co-feature from the Caribbean Island of St. Lucia. In 2008 he suffered three straight losses, but has resurrected his career with seven straight knockout wins since. His most recent outing consisted of a fourth-round TKO of Arron Lyons back in July in St. Paul, Minnesota.
This fight could be called Do or Die with whats on the line for both heavyweights, promoter Dan Goossen said. Both boxers, despite their tremendous knockout ratios, are at a crossroads. Joey Abell needs a victory over a world-rated contender to advance his career and prove that he is a serious threat in the heavyweight division. Meanwhile, Chris Arreola not only needs to win, but needs to enter the ring in world-class shape in order to prove to his skeptics and fans that he is truly committed to his dedication in and out of the gym.
On January 28th well see if Arreola is up to the demands of being an elite world-class athlete or will he allow a young, hungry, power punching heavyweight take his place?
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Author(s): Markovits, Daniel
ISBN 10: 0691121621. See all ISBN's
Publisher: Princeton University Press
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A Modern Legal Ethics proposes a wholesale renovation of legal ethics, one that contributes to ethical thought generally.
Daniel Markovits reinterprets the positive law governing lawyers to identify fidelity as its organizing ideal. Unlike ordinary loyalty, fidelity requires lawyers to repress their personal judgments concerning the truth and justice of their clients' claims. Next, the book asks what it is like--not psychologically but ethically--to practice law subject to the self-effacement that fidelity demands. Fidelity requires lawyers to lie and to cheat on behalf of their clients. However, an ethically profound interest in integrity gives lawyers reason to resist this characterization of their conduct. Any legal ethics adequate to the complexity of lawyers' lived experience must address the moral dilemmas immanent in this tension. The dominant approaches to legal ethics cannot. Finally, A Modern Legal Ethics reintegrates legal ethics into political philosophy in a fashion commensurate to lawyers' central place in political practice. Lawyerly fidelity supports the authority of adjudication and thus the broader project of political legitimacy.
Throughout, the book rejects the casuistry that dominates contemporary applied ethics in favor of an interpretive method that may be mimicked in other areas. Moreover, because lawyers practice at the hinge of modern morals and politics, the book's interpretive insights identify--in an unusually pure and intense form--the moral and political conditions of all modernity.
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ISBN 10: 0691121621, ISBN 13: 9780691121628, eISBN 10: 1400828988, eISBN 13: 9781400828982
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Jan Molby says Danish star Christian Eriksen isn't ready for a move to Chelsea or Arsenal.
Former Liverpool schemer Molby thinks the youngster should continue to learn his trade in Holland before moving on elsewhere – and that he would struggle to make the grade at an "elite" club until he peaks in his mid-20s.
"There is a lot of hype about Christian and there is certainly a lot of potential there as well," said Molby.
"All the top clubs have been looking at him because he has clearly got all the ingredients to one day become a top, top player. But Eriksen is nowhere near being the finished article. In my opinion, I don't think he is anywhere near ready to move to one of the elite European clubs.
"My advice to him would be to continue his development at Ajax for another year. There are few better places for a young player to educate himself about the game than Ajax.
"If he can continue to improve next season, then even then I would say that he would only be ready for a club that regularly qualifies for the Champions League rather than one of the so-called giants of the game."


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- Index
- » Basketball Discussion
- » Kansas vs. North Carolina Preview
Kansas vs. North Carolina Preview
Kansas vs. North Carolina Preview
Kansas vs. North Carolina
By Brian Edwards
When you get this deep into the NCAA Tournament, no extra emotion is needed. But when Kansas and North Carolina collide Saturday night in the second semifinal game in San Antonio, there will be plenty of additional juice in the Alamodome.
Roy Williams will be facing his former team for the first time since bolting Lawrence for his alma mater, leaving behind a fan base that to a large extent remains extremely bitter about his departure.
Five years after his exit, many of the KU faithful are still seething at Williams. You see, Good Ol' Roy – who would be an ever-so-slight favorite in a dad-gummit' contest against Bobby Bowden -- faced the same scenario in 2000 and matter-of-factly told the Jayhawks' fans, "I'm staying."
He did stay that time, but when Carolina came calling again three years later, the lore of Chapel Hill was too much. Williams couldn't turn down his mentor, Dean Smith, twice, and he knew this might be his last chance to return home.
The logical thinker would surmise that Williams gave his all to Kansas during an ultra-successful 15-year tenure, even electing to turn down his dream job to remain at Kansas (the first time around, that is). But passionate college fans don't embrace a whole lot of logic, and the Rock Chalkers have never wanted to win a game as bad as this one.
Adding insult to injury, Williams was able to win his first national title – one that eluded him at KU in four trips to the Final Four – just two years after leaving Kansas. Meanwhile, the Jayhawks are still seeking their first national title since Danny Manning led them to the 1988 crown.
Las Vegas Sports Consultants opened North Carolina (36-2 straight up, 24-11 against the spread) as a 2½-point favorite with a total of 157. As of early Friday, most spots had UNC at three or 3½ with the total up to 159.
"I think LVSC got it right," VegasInsider.com handicapper James Manos (#1 VI, +3,575) said on Thursday's edition of the Power Hours on VI Radio. "I also made the number 2 1/2. As for the total, I lean to the 'over' a little bit because I don't think Kansas is going to mind running, and I don't think North Carolina is going to get away from what its been doing all year. Roy Williams wants to get the ball up and down the floor and put pressure on your offense to score."
UNC has won 15 in a row, posting a 9-6 spread record during that stretch. The Tar Heels made it to San Antonio thanks to wins over Mount St. Mary's (113-74), Arkansas (108-77), Washington St. (68-47) and Louisville (83-73). They covered the spread in all four games.
The Cardinals are the only team that has challenged UNC in the tournament, erasing a double-digit deficit at intermission and knotting the score at 59-59 midway through the second half.
But there would be no return trip to the Final Four for Rick Pitino, and he has only one person to blame for that – Tyler Hansbrough. The National Player of the Year was nothing short of sensational against Louisville, scoring 28 points and pulling down 13 rebounds.
Hansbrough was a beast in the paint and "wanted it" more than any player on the court. He converted 12-of-17 shots from the field, bulling his way to the rim with his relentless style.
Kansas (35-3 SU, 21-15 ATS) advanced to the Final Four for the first time in Bill Self's tenure thanks to a nail-biting 59-57 win over Davidson, but the Jayhawks failed to hook up their backers as nine-point favorites. Mario Chalmers and Sasha Kaun scored 13 points apiece.
Davidson pulled to within 59-57 when Stephen Curry buried a 3-pointer from the left wing with 54 seconds left. After the Wildcats got a stop, the Jayhawks appeared to be in trouble.
Curry brought the ball up the court, but he was double-teamed as he dribbled to the right of the key with the last few seconds ticking off the clock. Curry was swarmed and saw senior point guard Jason Richards open at the top of key, so he made the unselfish play.
Richards, knowing he had to hurry to get the shot off, rushed the attempt and missed badly. Self went to his knees on the sideline and the Jayhawks celebrated, knowing they dodged a huge bullet against a game squad from the Southern Conference.
UNC owns a 10-4 spread record in 14 games as a single-digit favorite. As for Kansas, it hasn't been an underdog all year. In fact, KU has been a double-digit 'chalk' in 32 of its 38 games.
The 'over' has been a money-making machine in UNC games all season, cashing at a 22-12 clip. On the flip side, Kansas has seen the 'under' go 19-17 overall. The 'under' has cashed in four consecutive KU games.
CBS will have the telecast 30 minutes after the conclusion of Memphis-UCLA, which should be around 8:45 p.m. Eastern.
**B.E.'s Bonus Nuggets**
--This is UNC's 17th trip to the Final Four. Williams has taken UNC to the national semifinals twice and this is his sixth trip as a head coach with the first four coming during his tenure at KU.
--Did you know that Davidson made only 5-of-12 free throws in its loss to Kansas in the Elite Eight?
--Memphis senior guard Andre Allen, who serves as Derrick Rose's back-up, did not accompany the team to San Antonio and is suspended for the Final Four. According to multiple reports, Allen (3.3 PPG) failed a drug test. He averages 14.1 minutes per game.
--Since the NCAA Tournament field was expanded to 64 (then 65) in 1985, this is the first time every No. 1 seed has made the Final Four.
--Manos made the UCLA-Memphis total 131 1/2. He made the side a pick 'em.
--As of early Friday morning, the only book listing UNC as a four-point favorite was BoDog.com.
--Updated All-Tournament Team:
Point Guard: Derrick Rose (Memphis)
Shooting Guard: Stephen Curry (Davidson)
Slasher: Chris Douglas-Roberts (Memphis)
Power Forward: Tyler Hansbrough (UNC)
Center: Kevin Love (UCLA)
Re: Kansas vs. North Carolina Preview
Final Four analysis & pick: Kansas vs. North Carolina
Kansas vs. North Carolina
This could have very easily been Davidson versus North Carolina if Stephen Curry hadn't gone cold at the end of his team's near-upset of the Kansas Jayhawks. Not to take anything away from Davidson's impressive run to the Elite Eight (and a noteworthy 4-0 ATS record), but Kansas was a 9-point favorite in that game because they are a much better team on paper. They didn't cover because they played a horrible offensive game.
If it weren't for Sasha Kaun's 6-for-6 performance off the bench, the Jayhawks would have been just 17-of-46 from the field against a Southern Conference team without much size or defensive presence. That may have been good enough to beat a 10-seed, but against North Carolina, there won't be any room for error.
It's hard to explain what happened to Kansas in the Davidson game because they're normally much better than that. They shot better than 50 percent in all their previous Tournament games and averaged 50.7 field-goal shooting throughout the season. The disturbing thought for Kansas backers is that the Jayhawks were bothered by the pressure of a tight contest on the grand stage of the Elite Eight. The more comforting explanation is that they just didn't take Davidson as seriously as they should have.
I tend to think, with the layoff before the start of the Final Four, Kansas will be much more focused against Carolina. The Tar Heels are the only team left in the tournament that is perfect against the spread (Kansas blew its perfect ATS record against Davidson) and they've won their games by an average margin of nearly 25 points. It's not likely that playing against Roy Williams (who quit as head coach in Lawrence to take over his alma mater at Chapel Hill) will offer any extra motivation for these kids, but it's not likely they'll need any for a Final Four matchup against North Carolina.
Against Louisville in the Elite Eight, the Tar Heels weren't particularly good on defense, but that's nothing out of the ordinary for them. Stopping opponents hasn't been a strength for this team all through the tournament (why bother when you can run the floor like they can?) They've allowed more than 70 points in all but one game but they've made up for it with a potent offense, including 83 points against a tough Louisville zone that allowed only 61.5 points per game through the season.
On the other hand, defense has been the Jayhawks' strong point throughout the year and throughout tournament. Despite the narrow margin against Davidson, they still managed to hold one of the best shooting teams in the tournament to 38 percent from the field and less than 30 percent from three-point range. UNC runs a much different offensive system and presents a completely new set of problems – not the least of which is national Player of the Year, Tyler Hansbrough – but with the third-best field-goal defense in the nation, they at least have the potential to slow down the powder blue scoring machine.
And Carolina has struggled against well balanced teams. Kansas has the weapons to attack them from every position on the floor. Darrell Arthur and Darnell Jackson are big enough to bang inside with Hansbrough (and maybe even draw some fouls against the rarely-whistled forward) and Brandon Rush can also use his size and skill to score on the wing. Mario Chalmers (47.6 three-point percentage) provides the outside portion of Kansas' inside-out game and Sasha Kaun has probably been the best sixth man in the Tournament thus far.
Kansas is one of only a few team in the country that can match up with UNC in the halfcourt and in transition. If they rise to the occasion (rather than succumbing to the pressure as they nearly did in the Elite Eight) the Jayhawks can take advantage of the slack Tar Heels defense and not only cover the points, but also score the upset and earn a place in the championship.
Pick: Kansas
Re: Kansas vs. North Carolina Preview
(1) Kansas (35-3, 21-15 ATS) vs. (1) North Carolina (36-2, 24-11 ATS)
North Carolina continues its quest for a second national championship under coach Roy Williams when it takes on a Kansas program that Williams helped build into a national power before moving to Tobacco Road.
North Carolina played its closest game of the Tournament by far in the Elite Eight on Saturday, yet still pulled away late for another double-digit win, beating Louisville 83-73 as a 5½-point chalk to win the East Regional. The Tar Heels are on a 15-game winning streak (8-7 ATS), and they're a perfect 4-0 ATS in the Tournament, winning by margins of 29, 31, 21 and 10 points.
Unlike Carolina, Kansas, had to battle for its life to get past upstart Davidson in the Midwest Regional final, watching a last-second 3-pointer fall harmlessly away in a 59-57 win, falling way short as a 9½-point favorite. The non-cover snapped a 4-0 ATS run by the Jayhawks, who have won 11 in a row, going 7-4 ATS in that span.
These two college superpowers haven't met since the 2002-03 season – Williams' last year with Kansas before taking the job at North Carolina. In that November 2002 clash, the Tar Heels rolled into Lawrence as a 13-point pup and came away with a 67-56 upset victory.
This is the Tar Heels' second trip to the Final Four in four years. In 2005, Williams' troops beat Michigan State in the semifinals, then edged Illinois in the championship game, cashing in both contests. The Jayhawks are in the Final Four for the first time since 2003, when they lost to Syracuse in the title game, after which Williams departed for Chapel Hill. Kansas hasn't won it all in 20 years.
Kansas coach Bill Self is in his first Final Four, after reaching the Elite Eight five times with three different schools.
The pointspread trends are almost all positive for the Tar Heels, including 24-10 overall, 6-1 in NCAA Tournament play, 20-8 on Saturday, 22-7 against winning teams, 40-14-1 after a spread-cover, 39-19 after a SU win and 42-17-1 in non-conference play. Carolina is also 5-1 ATS in its last six against the Big 12. But the Tar Heels are a middling 4-5 ATS in their last nine as a chalk and 2-7 ATS in their last nine as a favorite of less than seven points.
The Jayhawks are on a 4-1 ATS surge at neutral venues and are on further positive pointspread runs of 5-1 catching less than seven points, 6-1 as a 'dog of any price, 6-2 outside the Big 12, and 7-3 against winning teams. On the downside, though, Kansas is 3-7 ATS in its last 10 games against ACC opponents and 2-5 ATS in its last seven after a pointspread setback. Tonight marks the first time all season that the Jayhawks have been an underdog.
North Carolina has averaged an eye-popping 93 ppg in the Tournament on stellar 56.7 percent shooting from the field, while allowing 67.8 ppg on 43.6 percent shooting. In addition, the Tar Heels have killed opponents on the boards, going plus-55 in their four Tournament tilts (149-94).
Kansas has been solid defensively in the Tournament, allowing just 57.8 ppg on 35.2 percent shooting, while scoring 72.8 on 52.4 percent shooting. On the glass, the Jayhawks are plus-33 in their four tourney contests (130-97), and they've finished at least plus-6 in rebounds in five straight games.
For Carolina, the over is on streaks of 8-3-1 overall, 6-2 in the Tournament, 8-3 in non-conference play, 8-2-1 as a favorite, 4-1 after a SU win and 4-1 against the Big 12. On the flip side, Kansas sports under streaks of 6-0 in the Tournament (4-0 this year), 8-2 at neutral sites, 6-2 overall and 21-8 in non-conference play, although the over is still 35-16-1 in the Jayhawks' last 52 non-conference clashes.
Re: Kansas vs. North Carolina Preview
KU's Stewart out with broken knee
April 4, 2008
SAN ANTONIO (AP) -Kansas reserve guard Rodrick Stewart fractured his right kneecap Friday during the Jayhawks' open practice at the Alamodome.
Kansas coach Bill Self confirmed the injury, saying Stewart slipped on a ``wet spot'' on the court and will require surgery.
Stewart crumpled to the court after leaping to attempt a dunk near the end of 50-minute workout. As Stewart pounded the court, Self and trainers rushed to his side.
Stewart's leg was wrapped in a brace, and the festive crowd grew quiet as he was taken off the court on a golf cart.
Stewart, a 6-4 senior from Seattle, provides depth off the bench, averaging 2.8 points and 11.6 minutes per game.
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Top Schools for Management Information Systems
Read about programs in management information systems, available at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Find ranking and program information for three universities and colleges, as well as a table that lists other schools in the U.S. that provide training in management information technology.
School Overview
Students who are interested in management information systems can find programs at Bentley University, a small regional college, as well as the renowned Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of Minnesota, home to one of the top business schools in the U.S. Both Bentley University and the University of Minnesota offer undergraduate and graduate programs in this specialized field of study; training at MIT takes place at the graduate level.
Top U.S. Schools with Management Information Systems Programs
1. Bentley University in Waltham, MA
Bentley University is a small college that by U.S. News & World Report ranked fourth among best regional colleges in the North for 2011. The university also offered one of the top 20 management information systems programs in the nation that same year.
Bentley's Information and Process Management (IPM) department offers an IPM minor for both undergraduate and graduate students with three tracks of study. These include enterprise systems, information management and process management. Some undergraduate and graduate courses include topics in information support systems, business cyberforensics, management processes and information privacy. Graduate students can also pursue internships and seminars.
2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA
According to U.S. News & World Report in 2011, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) had some of the best business and engineering departments in the country. In particular, the management information systems department topped the list of best programs in the nation for same year.
The System Design and Management program at MIT is administered by both the Sloan School of Management and the School of Engineering, through which graduate students receive a master's degree in both management and engineering. The program is offered in a 13- to 24-month full-time or time-flexible format and includes core studies in systems architecture and engineering. Students can also pursue elective programs in leadership and new product development. A Graduate Certificate in Systems and Product Development is also available.
3. University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
The University of Minnesota in Twin Cities is a public research institution with one of the top 20 business schools in the nation, according to U.S. News & World Report in 2011. For the same year, the university also offered one of the top five management information systems programs in the country, as designated by USN&WR.
Located in the Carlson School of Management, the Master of Business Administration (MBA) program offers an emphasis on information systems. Required coursework includes topics in business intelligence, enterprise systems and global sourcing of information technology. Undergraduates in the management information systems program can take classes in computer programming, databases and business development. Additional programs include a minor in management information systems.
List of Ten Top Schools for Management Information Systems
|School Name
|Bentley University
|Offers a unique combined business and liberal arts curriculum
|Waltham, MA
|Carnegie Mellon University
|Master of Information Systems Management (MISM) program offers three tracks
|Pittsburgh, PA
|Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|Home of the Center for Information Systems Research
|Cambridge, MA
|Purdue University - West Lafayette
|Ranked number one by the Wall Street Journal for its number of qualified graduates
|West Lafayette, IN
|Stanford University
|Eight research priorities in management information systems
|Stanford, CA
|University of Georgia
|Unique Master of Internet Technology program
|Athens, GA
|University of Maryland - College Park
|College Park Scholars' Business, Society and the Economy program
|College Park, MD
|University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
|International experience requirement for all undergraduates majoring in business
|Minneapolis, MN
|University of Pennsylvania
|Management information systems program located in the world's oldest business school
|Philadelphia, PA
|University of Texas at Austin
|Management information systems program offers extensive software training in Oracle, Access and SQL
|Austin, TX
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Changes may be coming for wingshooters
Why wait until Sept. 20 or afterwards when other Texas wingshooters enjoy a Sept. 1 opener? Texas Parks & Wildlife biologists have justified this scheduling difference with data that suggests lower-state mourning doves are protecting hatchlings in early September. They believed that hunting while birds are nesting could substantially hamper recruitment of young birds, which could compound an existing decline in mourning dove populations.
This concern has softened recently. State biologists now believe that dense populations of mourning doves within urban sanctuaries provide enough nesting success to offset any harm hunting might cause.
Since 1984, hunters with heightened dove desires have been satisfying their wingshooting joneses in early September within a narrow strip of the Rio Grande Valley set aside to protect and capitalize on an isolated concentration of birds.
But as most of you know, whitewing doves no longer need this protection. The larger white-shouldered birds have adapted and spread throughout the state, concentrating near and within many Texas towns, large and small.
TPW would like to mirror this expansion by doubling the size of the Special Whitewing Area for hunters, while maintaining rules that allow hunting only in the afternoons during the first two weekends of September. Under this proposal, hunters could harvest 12 birds during the brief special whitewing season. No more than three could be mourning doves.
The department is seeking the blessing of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service on these changes, as well as the TPW Commission this week. Federal wildlife officials have final say on migratory bird regulations.
The western boundary of the expanded zone would remain the same, the Texas-Mexico border. U.S. Highway 90 between Del Rio and San Antonio would be the northern boundary, with Interstate Highway 37 making up a majority of the eastern boundary from San Antonio to Corpus Christ. The remainder of the boundary would follow the gulf to the tip of Texas.
TPW also would like to create a new Southeast Dove Zone. This area south of Interstate 10 and east of Interstate 37 would carry the same South Zone rules and dates we've grown accustomed to.
By the way, TPW officials predict these proposals as written have less than a 50 percent chance of approval from the feds. It's worth a shot. There is a chance USFWS officials could return with a compromise proposal we could live with.
TPW also has proposed an annual 16-day teal season for September. This also would be subject to federal approval, which is based on nesting teal counts. I'm not sure why TPW proposed this. The department always has requested a 16-day teal season as a matter of course.
Another proposal of interest to wingshooters is a legislative one that involves changes to our hunting stamps. This one has a good chance of becoming law.
Traditionally, TPW has issued separate stamps for turkey, whitewing and waterfowl. The department recommends combining the $7 whitewing and $7 waterfowl stamps in a single $7 migratory bird stamp and then creating a $7 upland bird stamp for turkey, quail, pheasant, etc.
The impetus behind these changes is funding. Revenue from the whitewing stamp is earmarked exclusively for whitewing research and habitat enhancement. But these needs are obsolete.
Biologists would like to shift these monies to enhance and protect wetlands for waterfowl and to help understand why mourning dove numbers are declining.
Money from the non-migratory bird stamp would be used to protect/create quail habitat and to help expand the state's eastern turkey population.
But after the recent freshwater stamp debacle, don't take my word on how the money might be used.
Outdoors writer David Sikes' column appears Thursdays and Sundays. Contact him at 886-3616 or email@example.com
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wrist snap continued
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Join Date: Jul 2007
Posts: 1,109
Originally Posted by
but you do your take back and you rotate but you can see while you are rotating your arm catches up and passes your rotation. they never move together. you can really see it on the side view at the end. your arm goes right past your body. you're loosing a lot of oomph right there.
just to get the feel you might want to try making your take back much shorter. just for experimenting make it very short like fed's. it will feel uncomfortable but try it for like 20 strokes. once you figure out how to make contact like that you will see you will have much more power. Then you can adjust things to your liking.
If your take back is shorter then when you rotate your arm will have 'room to breath' and will be pulled by the rotation and there it will stretch and give you the ssc action.
I do want to talk about top spin like I said before, but I have been thinking about this today - for the initial part of the short take back, would you say that you are trying to perform an external rotation of the shoulder with or without incorporating elbow movement? In the pro videos I linked in the thread plus others available, during their take backs I can't tell 100% if even the same player will always try to make the racquet follow a pendulum motion (approximately, and from external rotation of the shoulder) up with the elbow acting like the fixed point/pivot point (being stationary as much as possible, any motion backward is from body rotation), or if the elbow is being pulled back (elbow in the gut motion, going however much or little they want the elbow back) as external rotation of the shoulder still takes place. In short - as the racquet goes up and back during the initial part of the take back via the shoulder, should the elbow also help bring the racquet back and then down?
Also, even though this is not quoted, I'm gonna mention neutral stance. I see Fed has it a lot in casual hitting, and I think I do it more when being casual too, but I have a feeling he opens up a lot more than I do in real play. It's just a habit of mine, but I think it also plays a part in limiting ssc - with a more open stance, you can load up the back/outside foot and twist the body, letting the uncoiling of the body whip the forehand around to contact. In my video, I'm seeing that I am facing sideways which is good, but have little to no coiling. I am going to work on coiling sideways instead of just facing sideways, I think that should help, right?
"Why should the devil have all the good music?" Kevin Max, formerly of DC Talk
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19 July 2011 14:11 [Source: ICIS news]
MOSCOW (ICIS)--Uralkali has increased its potash output following the acquisition of mineral fertilizer producer Silvinit, the Russian company said on Tuesday.
Its potash output for the second quarter of 2011 was 1.9m tonnes – up 58% year on year, the company added. In the first half of 2011 Uralkali produced 3.1m tonnes of potash, the company said without releasing comparative data.
Uralkali said its potash production was up in the second quarter because it included the former Silvinit's quota after 17 May. In 2012, Uralkali plans to produce 13m tonnes of potash.
In December 2010, Uralkali and Silvinit shareholders decided to merge the potash producers. The transaction was finalised in May 2011.
Uralkali produced 5.1m tonnes of potash in 2010, up from 2.62m tonnes in 2009. Last year, Silvinit's potash production amounted to 5.2m tonnes, up from 3.5m tonnes in 2009.
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Dispute in Scarborough over driveway, burial plot
SCARBOROUGH (WGME) -- In Scarborough, a dispute over a burial plot and a driveway is pitting two neighbors against one another. One is claiming property rights. The other is citing Maine burial rights. On Black Point Road, between the homes of Julie ...
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Press Herald
Buried ashes on private land put Scarborough neighbors at odds
Press Herald
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DMV to Internet-less New Yorkers: Get in Line
By Jared Chausow
By Katie Toth
By Elizabeth Flock
City Hid Facts From Feds About Rikers
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Flood Wall Street Gets Pepper Sprayed and Arrested
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It's hard to speak to those issues when you're depedent on corporate largesse, PACs or no, and in the past, Bradley's had no shortage of private-sector financial support. In 1992, the Center for Responsive Politics crowned him "The King of Bundled Contributions" for netting approximately half a million dollars in individual contributions from the executives of nine major corporations or brokerage houses. And he's always been one to look after corporate interests in his home state: though he could rightly claim credit for a major role in the 1986 tax bill that lowered rates and closed loopholes, he spent years protecting Section 936 of the Tax Code, which effectively allowed corporations (including many New Jerseybased pharmaceutical companies) to pay no taxes on products made in Puerto Rico. It wasn't for nothing that The New York Times once said he was "widely viewed as the [pharmaceutical] industry's most effective defender in Congress": he also fought hard to save pharmaceutical giant Merck from paying $10 million in import fees and was successful in stopping a bill that sought to bar drug manufacturers from increasing prescription medication prices higher than the Consumer Price Index.
To most liberals, any Bradley campaign finance issues be they help to constituent donors then or sources of funds now are seen as small beer. "It's an easy hypocrisy," says Robert Borosage, "but it doesn't bother me, because he wouldn't be in the game if he wasn't raising money. Though the question of 'What's the cost?' is legitimate. You want someone who's saying things and is committed to same-day voter registration and [campaign- finance] reform, right-to-choose, better racial relations. But what about trade? He's silent, and that's a big deal. He made a commitment to Wellstone that he'd be for comprehensive health care. If he makes that a centerpiece of his campaign, that would be very impressive to more liberals. He has raised a lot of money on Wall Street. Having done that, if he can still find a way to talk about the global economy and rules that work for working people . . . " Borosage pauses. "That would be impressive. Then you would see people going, 'This guy is a real alternative.' "
Nonetheless, Mr. Beatty, we're ready for your screen test.
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Krejci's OT goal gives Bruins 2-0 lead over Flyers
PHILADELPHIA By the time the scoreboard flipped to OT, Tim Thomas felt unbeatable.
He stopped the Flyers 46 straight times in a sizzling run that let the Bruins tie Game 2 and force the extra period. David Krejci rewarded his goalie with an in-and-out goal that gave Boston a seemingly commanding lead on the Flyers for the second straight year.
Krejci scored 14:00 into overtime to back a phenomenal game by Thomas, helping the Bruins beat Philadelphia 3-2 on Monday night to take a 2-0 lead in the Eastern Conference semifinal series.
"The goalie is always team dependent, and that's what the biggest difference is now," Thomas said. "The team is playing so well in front of me."
Boston led 3-0 in the East semis a year ago before the Flyers won four straight to advance - including a rally from a 3-0 hole in Game 7.
Thomas, a Vezina Trophy finalist, was on the bench for that collapse.
He is determined not to let that happen on his watch. Thomas, who finished with 52 saves on Monday, was tested under pressure all game and shook off two early goals to stop everything fired his way.
"They got a couple of quick goals, a couple of good bounces," Thomas said. "But, as the game went on, I just tried to build."
The series now shifts to Boston for the next two games on Wednesday and Friday.
Krejci fired a one-timer from one knee that ricocheted off the back off the net and back onto the ice. Play continued until officials could review the call. But the goal was clearly good.
"I picked it up, and I just tried to get a good one-timer and it worked," Krejci said. "I thought it was in the whole time, but I just wanted to finish the shift, and wait for the ref to look at it."
James van Riemsdyk had a breakout game with two goals for the Flyers. He was all over the ice trying to help the them win at least one at home.
Instead, they have to rally from another deficit.
"I think we're going to go into Boston, we're going to play a strong hockey game and we're going to win the game," Flyers coach Peter Laviolette said.
Chris Kelly and Brad Marchand also scored for the Bruins.
Thomas stood strong when the Flyers outshot the Bruins 13-3 to open the third and took 22 overall in the period.
It was the one they didn't shoot that haunted them. Danny Briere, who has seven goals this postseason, fanned on an easy look off a faceoff. Thomas was out of position after a blocked shot sent the puck to Briere, and the All-Star seemingly just had to connect. His second attempt was stopped by Thomas as the final seconds of regulation ticked off.
Brian Boucher couldn't hold off the OT charge.
"It's the perfect scenario to be able to win the first two games on the road," Bruins coach Claude Julien said. "But we know they're not going to give up."


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New Health IT Jobs
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The recession means tough times for many Americans these days. But the job market could soon be growing, thanks to advancements in health IT. Medical economists and health futurists say companies are starting to recognize the need to invest in health IT. Once investment grows, it will translate into job growth for health systems, large medical groups, IT vendors, engineers, computer experts and consultants. The nation should see the biggest growth with the implementation of electronic medical records.


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The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


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State lawmakers bet gambling can help with budgets
They point to research that shows casinos attract crime, foster gambling addiction problems and divert money from other businesses.
"We've got gambling in 48 states, and you'd think if it worked, you wouldn't have budget problems or education problems," said Tom Gray, a field director for StopPredatoryGambling.org.
Many of the gambling proposals seek to expand footholds in states that already allow limited gambling.
Kentucky's House speaker had proposed allowing video gambling terminals at the state's racetracks, and legislators in New Hampshire, New York and Texas are seeing proposals this year to allow similar gambling terminals at their tracks. Casino advocates plan to push for casino-style gambling in hurricane-ravaged Galveston, Texas, as well.
Lawmakers in other states are talking about reversing hard-fought crusades to tighten restrictions on gambling.
Nine years after South Carolina lawmakers outlawed video poker, state Sen. Robert Ford is fighting to make it legal again. Since July, lawmakers have cut roughly $1 billion from the state's budget to address revenue shortfalls.
"Gambling ain't no blight on society," Ford said.
In Ohio, where voters repeatedly have rejected ballot proposals to expand gambling, Gov. Ted Strickland said he is willing to listen to proposals to help close a $7 billion shortfall in the next two-year budget.
While analysts have long considered gambling to be almost recession-proof, the economic downturn has seen layoffs, declining revenues and falling stock prices hit casinos. State-run lotteries are faring better, though: More than half of the states with lotteries have reported rising sales over the past six months.
Amid the rush to embrace gambling because of short-term budget problems, some experts say a long-term perspective is needed.
After gambling is approved and revenues are allocated, it's not something lawmakers are likely to reconsider down the road – no matter how much economic conditions may improve.
"Once you have legalized a form of gambling, the moral argument draws away and gambling is looked at as a cost-benefit analysis," said I. Nelson Rose, a gambling law professor at Whittier Law School in Orange County, Calif. "So many states have opened those doors now."
Associated Press Writer Seanna Adcox in Columbia, S.C., contributed to this report.


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Spinning off of my "worst comic book based movie contest" results posted on my blog http://www.comicvine.com/forums/gen-discussion-1/the-worst-comic-book-movie-in-the-world-1st-annual-1505633/#0 here are the losers of the first round of 128 comic based movies.. these 64 movies have...Qualified, to take place in the Best Comic Based Movie Contest. like the sister contest, this is single elimination tournament, where the first round (the previously mentioned) was based on random pairings of the movies and the movies than placed into brackets for the following rounds to follow. @extremis this is what you were waiting for.
this first round, is technically the second. so vote for the best, and first to eight wins. (and progressively more until the end, which may not have a vote limit, but a time limit.)
Iron Man vs Punisher War Zone


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HURRY UP, WOMAN! (Modern Marriage Moments) - Comedy Videos
Embed modernmarriagemoment 11642 views 2014-07-14T16:24:04 "Modern Marriage Moments" is a series of videos taking a comedic spin on everyday situations we go through as Christian, married couples.
Watch all MMM episodes (Not yet on GodTube) by visiting our channel here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwuaEUOHqcR2W7AkbcT8xzw
Watch all MMM episodes (Not yet on GodTube) by visiting our channel here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwuaEUOHqcR2W7AkbcT8xzw
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Honda Palm Bay Auto Repair Appointment Form
Fill out the form below to schedule a service appointment at our Palm Bay Honda service center near Melbourne and Cocoa. People searching for auto repair service near Melbourne, FL, continue coming to Southeastern Honda in Palm Bay because our certified technicians provide quality service in a timely manner.
Honda-Certified Services Available at Southeastern Honda Auto Repair CenterHere is a short menu of services available. Call the service department for any additional questions about our available services.
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Monday through Friday 7:30 am - 6:00 pm
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Direct Telephone: (877) 556-6602
A Message to Our Customers About the Airbag Recall:
All of our efforts are undertaken to ensure repair of all vehicles included in recalls. If a recall is necessary, we act swiftly and without hesitation. We have to inspect the vehicle to determine if parts are necessary before we can order the parts. To save time, please verify using the link below that your vehicle is affected before scheduling your appointment below.
For anyone who owns a Honda and is concerned about a recall potentially affecting their vehicle, we encourage you to visit recalls.honda.com or call 1-800-999-1009 option 4 for recall information.


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Broadway powerhouse Billy Porter stopped by Show People with Paul Wontorek to discuss how his leading lady role in Kinky Boots is the culmination of a dazzling but difficult career.
Act One star Santino Fontana stops by Show People with Paul Wontorek to talk up his new play and laugh...a lot.April 24, 2014
Matthew James Thomas, the title prince in the Tony-winning revival of Pippin, chats about getting knocked unconscious, $7,000 yogurt, and being "#shy" around his girlfriend Jennifer Damiano—plus, he answers questions from fans!August 9, 2013
Broadway.com Audience Choice Award winner Darren Criss stopped by Show People with Paul Wontorek to talk up his new summer tour Listen Up.May 4, 2013
The sexy heroine of Bonnie & Clyde sits down for a chat with Paul Wontorek about the history-based new Broadway musical.December 2, 2011
Tony winner Audra McDonald talks about Will Swenson's "muffin chops," the infamous Lady Day candy incident and what size bra she would need to embrace the title "Mama Broadway."August 22, 2014
The Glee star talks about his Broadway debut in How to Succeed.January 6, 2012
It's Only a Play star Katie Finneran on funny roles versus serious roles, the role that wasn't a home run and why husband Darren Goldstein is a jerk (he only plays one on TV).February 20, 2015
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On this week's Show People with Paul Wontorek, studly stage vet Andy Karl (Legally Blonde, Jersey Boys, Wicked) chats about backstage raps at The Mystery of Edwin Drood, acting with his eyebrows and life with Broadway diva Orfeh.January 11, 2013
Host Paul Wontorek catches up with the Tony-winning diva.January 13, 2012
The Tony-winning musical theater star on 'Miss Saigon,' "Glee,' Charice and more!June 17, 2011
Broadway's longest-running Frankie Valli stops by for a chat about his early start, new nightclub act and goals for the future.January 27, 2011


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1984 BEST Women's Clothing, Boutique
The distinctive sweaters and blouses alone are worth a visit.
Be respectful of our online community and contribute to an engaging conversation. We reserve the right to remove impersonators or personal attacks, threats, profanity, or flat-out offensive comments. By posting here, you are permitting Boston magazine and Metro Corp. to edit and republish your comment in all media.


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Punishing storms in Texas test emergency response
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For the second time in Egypt's tumultuous 2 ½ years of upheaval, the powerful army appears to be positioned to remove the country's leader. But this time, it would be ousting a democratically elected president, the first in Egypt's history — making its move potentially explosive.
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Audio Video Transport WG Q. Xie Internet-Draft TRG Updates: RFC 2198 October 7, 2008 (if approved) Intended status: Standards Track Expires: April 10, 2009 Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy Payload Support draft-ietf-avt-forward-shifted-red-02.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on April 10, 2009. Abstract This document defines a simple enhancement to RFC 2198 to support RTP sessions with forward-shifted redundant encodings, i.e., redundant data sent before the corresponding primary data. Forward-shifted redundancy can be used to conceal losses of a large number of consecutive media frames (e.g., consecutive loss of seconds or even tens of seconds of media). Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 Table of Contents 1. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Sending Redundant Data Inband vs. Out-of-band . . . . . . 3 3. Allowing Forward-shifted Redundant Data . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Registration of Media Type "fwdred" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Mapping Media Type Parameters into SDP . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Usage in Offer/Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix A. Anti-shadow Loss Concealment Using Forward-shifted Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 A.1. Sender Side Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 A.2. Receiver Side Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A.2.1. Normal Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A.2.2. Anti-shadow Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 13 Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 1. Conventions The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, NOT RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this document, are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 2. Introduction This document defines a simple enhancement to RFC 2198 [RFC2198] to support RTP sessions with forward-shifted redundant encodings, i.e., redundant data is sent before the corresponding primary data. Forward-shifted redundancy can be used to conceal losses of a large number of consecutive media frames (e.g., consecutive loss of seconds of media). Such capability is highly desirable, especially in wireless mobile communication environments where the radio signal to a mobile wireless media receiver can be temporarily blocked by tall buildings, mountains, tunnels, etc. In other words, the receiver enters into a shadow of the radio coverage. No new data will be received when the receiver is in a shadow. In some extreme cases, the receiver may have to spend seconds or even tens of seconds in a shadow. The traditional backward-shifted redundant encoding scheme (i.e., redundant data is sent after the primary data), as currently supported by RFC 2198 [RFC2198], is known to be ineffective in dealing with such consecutive frame losses. In contrast, the forward-shifted redundancy, when used in combination with the anti-shadow loss management at the receiver (as described in Appendix A), can effectively prevent service interruptions when a mobile receiver runs into such a shadow. 2.1. Sending Redundant Data Inband vs. Out-of-band Regardless of the direction of time shift (e.g., forward-shifting or backward-shifting as in RFC 2198) or the encoding scheme (e.g., FEC, or non-FEC), there is always the option of sending the redundant data and the primary data either in the same RTP session (i.e., inband) or in separate RTP sessions (i.e., out-of-band). There are pros and cons for either approach, as outlined below. Inband Approach: Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 o Pro: A single RTP session is faster to setup and easier to manage. o Pro: A single RTP session presents a simpler problem for NAT/ firewall traversal. o Pro: Less overall overhead - one RTP/UDP/IP overhead. o Con: Lack of flexibility - difficult for middle boxes such as gateways to add/remove the redundant data. o Con: Need more specification - special payload formats need to be defined to carry the redundant data inband. Out-of-band Approach: o Pro: Flexibility - redundant data can be more easily added, removed, or replaced by a middle box such as a gateway. o Pro: Little or none specification - no new payload format is needed. o Con: Multiple RTP sessions may take longer to setup and more complexity to manage. o Con: Multiple RTP sessions NAT/firewall traverse are harder to address. o Con: Bigger overall overhead - more than one RTP/UDP/IP overhead. It is noteworthy that the specification of inband payload formats such as this and RFC 2198 does not preclude a deployment from using the out-of-band approach. Rather, it gives the deployment the choose to use whichever approach deemed most beneficiary under a given circumstance. 3. Allowing Forward-shifted Redundant Data In RFC 2198, the timestamp offset in the additional header corresponding to a redundant block is defined as a 14 bits unsigned offset of timestamp relative to timestamp given in the RTP header. As stated in RFC 2198: "The use of an unsigned offset implies that redundant data must be sent after the primary data, and is hence a time to be subtracted from the current timestamp to determine the timestamp of the data for which this block is the redundancy." Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 This effectively prevents RFC 2198 from being used to support forward-shifted redundant blocks. In order to support the use of forward-shifted redundant blocks, the media type "fwdred" which allows an optional MIME parameter, "forwardshift", is introduced for indicating the capability and willingness of using forward-shifted redundancy and the base value of timestamp forward-shifting. The base value of "forwardshift" is an integer equal or greater than '0'. In an RTP session which uses forward-shifted redundant encodings, the timestamp of a redundant block in a received RTP packet is determined as follows: timestamp of redundant block = timestamp in RTP header - timestamp offset in additional header + forward shift base value 4. Registration of Media Type "fwdred" (The definition is based on media type "red" defined in RFC 2198 [RFC2198], with the addition of the optional "forwardshift" parameter.) Type name: audio Subtype names: fwdred Required parameters: none Optional parameters: forwardshift: An unsigned integer can be specified as value. If this parameter is present with a value greater than '0', it indicates that the sender of this parameter will use forward shifting with a base value as specified when sending out redundant data. If this parameter is absent or present with a value of '0', it indicates that the sender of this parameter will not use forward shifting when sending its redundant data, i.e., the sender will have the same behaviors as defined in RFC 2198. Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 Encoding considerations: This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 4288, Section 4.8) and is only defined for transfer of RTP redundant data frames specified in RFC 2198. Security considerations: See Section 6 "Security Considerations" of RFC 2198. Interoperability considerations: None. Published specification: RTP redundant data frame format is specified in RFC 2198. Applications that use this media type: It is expected that real-time audio/video applications that want protection against losses of a large number of consecutive frames will be interested in using this type. Additional information: none Person & email address to contact for further information: Qiaobing Xie <firstname.lastname@example.com> Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: This media type depends on RTP framing, and hence is only defined for transfer via RTP (RFC 3550 [RFC3550]). Transfer within other framing protocols is not defined at this time. Author: Qiaobing Xie Change controller: IETF Audio/Video Transport working group delegated from the IESG. 5. Mapping Media Type Parameters into SDP The information carried in the MIME media type specification has a specific mapping to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [RFC4566], which is commonly used to describe RTP sessions. When SDP is used to specify sessions employing the forward-shifted redundant format, the mapping is as follows: o The media type ("audio") goes in SDP "m=" as the media name. Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 o The media subtype ("fwdred") goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the encoding name. o The optional parameter "forwardshift" goes in the SDP "a=fmtp" attribute by copying it directly from the MIME media type string as "forwardshift=value". Example of usage of indicating forward-shifted (by 5.1 sec) redundancy: m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 121 0 5 a=rtpmap:121 fwdred/8000/1 a=fmtp:121 0/5 forwardshift=40800 Example of usage of indicating sending redundancy without forward- shifting (equivalent to RFC 2198): m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 121 0 5 a=rtpmap:121 fwdred/8000/1 a=fmtp:121 0/5 forwardshift=0 6. Usage in Offer/Answer The optional "forwardshift" SDP parameter specified in this document is declarative, and all reasonable values are expected to be supported. 7. IANA Considerations The registration of the new MIME subtype "fwdred", as described in Section 4, is required. 8. Security Considerations See Section 6 "Security Considerations" of RFC 2198 [RFC2198]. 9. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2198] Perkins, C., Kouvelas, I., Hodson, O., Hardman, V., Handley, M., Bolot, J., Vega-Garcia, A., and S. Fosse- Parisis, "RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data", RFC 2198, Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 September 1997. [RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003. [RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006. Appendix A. Anti-shadow Loss Concealment Using Forward-shifted Redundancy It is not unusual in a wireless mobile communication environment that the radio signal to a mobile wireless media receiver can be temporarily blocked by tall buildings, mountains, tunnels, etc. for a period of time. In other words, the receiver enters into a shadow of the radio coverage. When the receiver is in such a shadow no new data will be received. In some extreme cases, the receiver may have to spend seconds or even tens of seconds in such a shadow. Without special design considerations to compensate the loss of data due to shadowing, a mobile user may experience an unacceptable level of service interruptions. And traditional redundant encoding schemes (including RFC 2198 and most FEC schemes) are known to be ineffective in dealing with such losses of consecutive frames. However, the employment of forward-shifted redundancy, in combination with the anti-shadow loss concealment at the receiver, as described here, can effectively prevent service interruptions due to the effect of shadowing. A.1. Sender Side Operations For anti-shadow loss management, the RTP sender simply adds a forward-shifted redundant stream (called anti-shadow or AS stream) while transmitting the primary media stream. The amount of forward- shifting, which should remain constant for the duration of the session, will determine the maximal length of shadows that can be completely concealed at the receiver, as explained below. Except for the fast that it is forward-shifted relative to the primary stream (i.e., the redundant data is sent ahead of the corresponding primary data), the design decision and trade-offs on the quality, encoding, bandwidth overhead, etc. of the redundant stream is not different from the traditional RTP payload redundant scheme. Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 The following diagram illustrates a segment of the transmission sequence of a forward-shifted redundant RTP session, in which the AS stream is forward-shifted by 155 frames. If, for simplicity here, we assume the value of timestamp is incremented by 1 between two consecutive frames, this forward-shifted redundancy can then be indicated with: forwardshift=155 and the setting of timestamp offset to 0 in all the additional headers. This can mean a 3.1 second of forward shifting if each frame represents 20 ms of original media, Primary stream AS stream ... | | v v Pkt k+8 [ 111 ] [ 266 ] | | v v Pkt k+7 [ 110 ] [ 265 ] | | v v ^ Pkt k+6 [ 109 ] [ 264 ] | | | | v v Pkt k+5 [ 108 ] [ 263 ] T | | I v v M Pkt k+4 [ 107 ] [ 262 ] E | | v v Pkt k+3 [ 106 ] [ 261 ] | | v v Pkt k+2 [ 105 ] [ 260 ] | | v v Pkt k+1 [ 104 ] [ 259 ] | | v v Pkt k [ 103 ] [ 258 ] | | v v Transmit first Figure 1. An example of forward-shifted redundant RTP packet Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 transmission. A.2. Receiver Side Operations The anti-shadow receiver is illustrated in the following diagram. +---------+ normal mode sw1 | media | media Primary stream ======================o___o==>| decoder |===> output AS stream ---- +---------+ device | AS mode o | +---------+ | | | anti- | | ------->| shadow |---- | buffer | +---------+ | V expired frames discarded Figure 2. Anti-shadow RTP receiver. The anti-shadow receiver operates between two modes - "normal mode" and "AS mode". When the receiver is not in a shadow (it can easily tell that if it is still receiving new data), the receiver operates in the normal mode. Otherwise, it operates in the AS mode. A.2.1. Normal Mode Operation In the normal mode, after receiving a new RTP packet that contains the primary data and forward-shifted AS data, the receiver passes the primary data directly to the appropriate media decoder for play-out (a de-jittering buffer may be used before the play-out, but for simplicity we assume none is used here), while the received AS data is stored in an anti-shadow buffer. Moreover, data stored in the anti-shadow buffer will be continuously checked to determine whether it has expired. If a redundant data in the anti-shadow buffer is found to have a timestamp older (i.e., smaller) than that of the last primary frame passed to the media decoder, it will be considered expired and be purged from the anti- shadowing buffer. The following example illustrates the operation of the anti-shadow buffer in normal mode. We use the same assumption as in Figure 1, and assume that the initial timestamp value is 103 when the session Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 starts. Timestamp Timestamp Time being of media in (in ms) played out AS buffer Note ------------------------------------------------------------------ t < 0 -- (buffer empty) ... t=0 103 258 (hold 1 AS frame) t=20 104 258-259 (hold 2 AS frames) t=40 105 258-260 (hold 3 AS frames) ... t=3080 257 258-412 (full, hold 154 AS frames) t=3100 258 259-413 (full, frame 258 purged) t=3120 259 260-414 (full, frame 259 purged) ... t=6240 415 416-570 (always holds 3.08 sec worth of redundant data) ... Figure 3. Example of anti-shadow buffer operation in normal mode. At the beginning of the session (t=0), the anti-shadow buffer will be empty. When the first primary frame is received, the play-out will start immediately, and the first received AS frame is stored in the anti-shadow buffer. And with the arriving of more forward-shifted redundant frames, the anti-shadow buffer will gradually be filled up. For the example shown in Figure 1, after 3.08 seconds (the amount of the forward-shifting minus one frame) from the start of the session, the anti-shadow buffer will be full, holding exactly 3.08 seconds worth of redundant data, with the oldest frame corresponding to t=3.1 sec and youngest frame corresponding to t=6.18 sec. And it is not difficult to see that in normal mode because of the continuous purge of expired frames and the addition of new frames, the anti-shadowing buffer will always be full holding the next forward-shift amount of redundant frames. A.2.2. Anti-shadow Mode Operation When the receiver enters a shadow (or any other conditions that prevent the receiver from getting new media data), the receiver Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 switches to the anti-shadow mode, in which it simply continues the play-out from the forward-shifted redundant data stored in the anti- shadow buffer. For the example in Figure 3, if the receiver enters a shadow at t=3120, it can continue the play-out by using the forward-shifted redundant frames (ts=260-414) from the anti-shadow buffer. As far as the receiver can move out of the shadow by t=6240, there will be no service interruption. When the shadow condition ends (meaning new data starts to arrive again), the receiver immediately switches back to normal mode of operation, playing out from newly arrived primary frames. And at the same time, the arrival of new AS frames will start to re-fill the anti-shadow buffer. However, if the duration of the shadow is longer than the amount of forward-shifting, the receiver will run out of media frames from its anti-shadow buffer. At that point, service interruption will occur. Anti-shadow loss concealment described above can be readily applied to the streaming of pre-recorded media. Because of the need of generating the forward-shifted anti-shadow redundant stream, to apply anti-shadow loss concealment to the streaming of live media will require the insertion of a delay equal to or greater than the amount of forward-shifting at the source of media. Author's Address Qiaobing Xie The Resource Group 1700 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20006 US Phone: +1-224-465-5954 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft Forward-shifted RTP Redundancy October 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at firstname.lastname@example.com. Xie Expires April 10, 2009 [Page 13]