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An image sensor architecture that accommodates the relative mismatch of bus width between the image sensor, processor, and memory is disclosed. The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a dual-ported memory structure having a relatively wide data port for receiving data from the image sensor and having a relatively narrow data port for communicating data to and from the processor. In one embodiment of the invention, the memory is organized into banks of a specific width. The banks may be accessed sequentially by the processor, such that the bus width is equivalent to the bank width, and the banks may be accessed simultaneously, such that the bus width is equivalent to the combined bank widths. A simple switching means, operating under processor control, reconfigures the memory on the fly.
1. An image sensor, comprising:
a sensor array generating digital signals representing a number of samples of an image of a scene,
data memory having a first port and a second port, the first port coupled to the sensor array by a first data bus having a first bus width to communicate with the sensor array, the second port coupled to a processor array by a second data bus having a second bus width; and
wherein the data memory receives from the first data bus a first one of the samples of the image and is updated only at certain cells therein for subsequent ones of the samples; and the samples in the data memory is accessed by the processor from the second data bus.
2. The image sensor of
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3. The image sensor of
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7. An image sensor, comprising:
a sensor array, fabricated in an integrated circuit, generating samples representing one or more images of a scene, the image sensor further comprising a first data bus having a first bus width;
a processor including a data bus having a second bus width having a second bus width that is not identical to the first bus width, wherein the controller is fabricated in the integrated circuit; and
a data memory, in communication with the sensor array and for storing values representative of the samples, including means for accommodating both the first and the second data bus widths, wherein the data memory is fabricated in the integrated circuit.
8. The image sensor of
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9. The image sensor of
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14. The image sensor of
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16. The image sensor of
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17. The image sensor of
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18. An image sensor, comprising:
a sensor array generating samples representing one or more images of a scene, the image sensor further including a data bus having a first bus speed and/or operating voltage, wherein the sensor array is fabricated in an integrated circuit;
a controller for manipulation of values in a data memory, the controller further comprising a data bus having a second bus speed and/or operating voltage that is not the same of that of the sensor array bus speed and/or operating voltage, wherein the controller is fabricated in the integrated circuit; and
a data memory, in communication with the sensor array, for storing values representative of the signals, the data memory further comprising means for accommodating both the first and the second data bus speeds and/or operating voltages, wherein the data memory is fabricated in the integrated circuit.
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 09/567,786 and 09/567,638, both filed May 9, 2000. This application is also related to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,461,425 and 5,801,657 and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/274,202, filed on Mar. 22, 1999, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] The invention relates to image sensor systems. More particularly, the invention relates to a dual ported memory for a digital image sensor that fundamentally different from the traditional CCD/CMOS image sensors.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] Digital photography is one of the most exciting technologies to have emerged during the twentieth century. With the appropriate hardware and software (and a little knowledge), anyone can put the principles of digital photography to work. Digital cameras, for example, are on the cutting edge of digital photography. Recent product introductions, technological advancements, and price cuts, along with the emergence of email and the World Wide Web, have helped make the digital cameras one of the hottest new categories of consumer electronics products.
[0006] Digital cameras, however, do not work in the same way as traditional film cameras do. In fact, they are more closely related to computer scanners, copiers, or fax machines. Most digital cameras use an image sensor or photosensitive device, such as charged-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) to sense a scene. The photosensitive device reacts to light reflected from the scene and can translate the strength of that reaction into a numeric equivalent. By passing light through red, green, and blue filters, for example, the reaction can be gauged for each separate color spectrum. When the readings are combined and evaluated via appropriate software/hardware, the camera can determine the specific color of each element of the picture. Because the image is actually a collection of numeric data, it can easily be downloaded into a computer and manipulated for more artistic effects.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,425 by B. Fowler et al, discloses a new type of image sensors that integrate pixel-level analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) with an area image sensor. Such integration helps lower system cost, power consumption and improve system performance. Among the different schemes for integrating the ADC with an area image sensor, pixel level ADC promises to achieve the lowest power, and the simplest, most process portable and scalable design. The ADC approach described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,425 is based on first order sigma delta modulation which has the advantage of requiring fairly simple and robust circuits. Further with the digital values directly provided by each of the pixel elements, the readout of the digital values could be of extremely high. However, the high speed readout can be compromised by subsequent I/O bandwidth due to the limited speed provided by the off-chip memory or computing devices. Further, image processing must be performed by the system after the image data are transferred from the image sensor to a system memory. This consumes computing power, while exacerbating system latency.
[0008] What is desired is to provide a sensor architecture that provides the memory function and image processing features without compromising the readout speed from the digital pixels and without requiring significant additional compute power. This desire is fulfilled by the provision of both a memory and a processor on the same substrate as the image sensor.
[0009] Unfortunately, integrating an image sensor, which typically has a relatively wide data bus; a processor, which typically has a relatively narrow data bus; and a memory, which typically has a fixed data bus, onto the same substrate adds both latency and complexity to the design. These concerns arise when trying to exchange data between the image sensor, processor, and memory over their respective, mismatched data buses. It would be advantageous to provide an image sensor architecture that accommodates the relative mismatch of bus width between the image sensor, processor, and memory.
[0010] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above described challenge and needs and has particular applications to image sensors and system-on-chip (SOC) devices. According to one aspect of the present invention, an image sensor architecture is provided to accommodate the relative mismatch of bus width between the image sensor, processor, and memory. The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a dual-ported memory structure having a relatively wide data port for receiving data from the image sensor and having a relatively narrow data port for communicating data to and from the processor. In one embodiment of the invention, the memory is organized into banks of a specific width. The banks may be accessed sequentially by the processor, such that the bus width is equivalent to the bank width, and the banks may be accessed simultaneously, such that the bus width is equivalent to the combined bank widths. A simple switching means, operating under processor control, reconfigures the memory on the fly.
[0011] Accordingly, an important object of the present invention is to provide solutions of accommodating the relative mismatch of bus width between the image sensor, processor, and memory.
[0012] Other objects, together with the foregoing are attained in the exercise of the invention in the following description and resulting in the accompanying drawings.
[0013] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
[0014]FIG. 1A is a block diagram that shows a CMOS image sensor or photosensitive chip in which the invention may be practiced;
[0015]FIG. 1B is a block diagram which shows a photodiode modeled as a current source and a capacitor;
[0016]FIG. 2 is a block diagram which shows the architecture of a digital pixel sensor, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,425;
[0017]FIG. 3 is a block diagram which shows an image sensor that includes a threshold memory, a time index memory, a separate data memory, and a controller, where each of the memories and the digital pixel sensor are integrated into the same sensor, and where the processing of image data is accomplished within the image sensor itself according to the invention;
[0018]FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an image sensor architecture having a dual ported memory according to the invention;
[0019]FIG. 4B shows a block diagram of a dual ported memory updating mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
[0020]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an image sensor architecture showing a bank switching scheme for matching memory data bus width to disparate data buses according to the invention.
[0021] In the following detailed description of the invention, some specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced in embodiments that do not use the specific details set forth herein. Well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. Reference herein to "one embodiment" or an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Further, the order of blocks in process flowcharts or diagrams representing one or more embodiments of the invention do not inherently indicate any particular order nor imply any limitations of the invention.
[0022] In the following discussion, in references to the drawings like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views. FIG. 1A shows an image sensor or photosensitive chip 100 in which the invention may be practiced. The image sensor 100 may be used in an image capturing device (e.g. a digital camera) for either stationary or video photography, and produces signals representing the strength of light impinged thereupon. The photosensitive chip 100, which is typically fabricated on a substrate such as CMOS, comprises a plurality of photodetectors that are arranged in a 2-dimensional array. For color applications, a mosaic of selectively transmissive filters is superimposed in registration with each of the photodetectors so that a first, second, and third selective group of photodetectors are made to sense three different color ranges, for example, the red, green, and blue range of the visible spectrum, respectively. The number of the photodetectors in the photosensitive chip 100 typically determines the resolution of digital images resulting therefrom. The horizontal resolution is a function of the number of photodetectors in a row 102, and the vertical resolution is a function of the number of photodetectors in a column 104.
[0023] Each of the photodetectors comprises a photosensor that produces an electronic signal when it is exposed to light. Generally, the photosensor is a photodiode or a photogate in a CMOS sensor. FIG. 1B shows a photodiode 120 that is modeled as a current source 122 and a capacitor 124. When a reset signal is applied at a Reset terminal 130, the capacitor 124 is fully charged by and nearly to Vcc through the transistor 128, at which point the photodiode 120 is ready for light integration. It should be noted that the capacitor 124 is actually charged to Vcc-Vt, where Vt is a voltage across the transistor 128. For simplicity, Vt is assumed to be nearly zero.
[0024] As soon as the reset signal is dropped (i.e. the voltage level is changed), light integration starts. As more and more incident photons from light 126 strike the surface of the photodiode 120, the current of current source 122 increases. The capacitor 124 starts to discharge through the current source 122. Typically, the photodiode collects more photons for higher photon intensities and, as a result, the resistance of the resistor 122 decreases. Consequently, a faster discharge signal Vout is produced. In other words, the signal from Vout is proportional to the incident photons which strike the photodiode 120. This signal is alternatively referred to herein as an electronic signal or pixel charge signal. Optionally, a circuit 130 may be employed to enhance the electronic signal Vout to a desired level so that the output, i.e. the pixel charge signal, is effectively coupled to following circuitry.
[0025] Typically, the operation of an image sensor comprises two processes: 1. the light integration process, as described above; and 2. the read out process. Each of these two processes is sustained for a controlled time interval. In the light integration process, each photodetector is initiated to accumulate incident photons of the light and the accumulation is reflected as a pixel charge signal. After the light integration process, the photodetectors start the read out process during which the pixel charge signal in each photodetector is read out via read out circuitry to a data bus or video bus. The interval during which the light integration process proceeds is referred to as exposure control or electronic shuttering, and it controls how much charge is accumulated by each of the photodiodes.
[0026]FIG. 2 duplicates FIG. 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,425 and shows that each photodetector 14 includes a pixel-level A/D converter in addition to a photosensor. Each of the photodetectors is referred to as a sensor pixel or a sensor element or digital pixel. This is done to indicate that the photodetector herein includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, as opposed to a photodetector which is commonly seen in a conventional image sensor, and which includes a photosensor and produces an analog signal. Further, the pixel element herein is different from a conventional image sensor because it outputs digital signals that can be read out at a much higher speed than an analog signal can be read out in a conventional image sensor. Hence, the resultant image sensor is considered a digital pixel sensor (DPS). The preferred embodiment of the invention is based on such architecture in which a sensor element includes a photosensor and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
[0027] The image sensor of FIG. 2 is formed on a single integrated circuit chip 10. The image sensor core 12 comprises a two-dimensional array of light detecting elements, each connected to a dedicated A/D converter which outputs a stream of bits representative of the analog output of the light detecting element. The combination of a light detecting element and A/D converter constitutes a single pixel element 14. Each pixel element 14 includes identical circuitry. Digital filters 16 on chip 10 are connected to receive the digital streams from each pixel element 14 and convert each digital stream to an eight-bit byte representative of one of 256 levels of light intensity detected by the respective pixel element 14.
[0028] In operation, an image is focused on the image sensor core 12 such that a different portion of the focused image impinges on each pixel element 14. Each light detecting element comprises a phototransistor whose conductivity is related to the intensity of light impinging upon the base of the phototransistor. The analog current through the phototransistor thus corresponds to the intensity of light impinging upon the phototransistor. The analog signals from all phototransistors in the core 12 are simultaneously converted into serial bit streams output from dedicated A/D converters clocked using a common clock driver 18. The serial bit streams, over a period of time, i.e. over a frame period, can then be processed by filters 16 (on-chip or off-chip) to derive a signal representative of the intensity of light impinging on the phototransistor.
[0029] After each clock cycle, one bit is latched at an output of each A/D converter within each pixel element 14. To now transfer each bit generated by the pixel elements 14 to the filters 16 after each clock cycle, each of the rows of pixel elements 14 are addressed in sequence, using row decoder 20, until all rows of pixel elements 14 have been addressed. Upon addressing each row, the one-bit output of each pixel element 14 in the addressed row is coupled to a corresponding bit line 22. The filters 16 process the bit stream from each pixel element 14 to generate an eight-bit value per pixel element 14 corresponding to the average intensity of light impinging on the respective pixel element 14 for that frame period. These eight-bit values may then be output from the chip 10, using a suitable multiplexer or shift register, and temporarily stored in a bit-mapped memory 24. The memory 24 may then act as a frame buffer, where the light intensity values in memory 24 are sequentially addressed, for example, for controlling the light output of corresponding pixels in a monitor.
[0030] In a particular embodiment of FIG. 2, it is assumed that sixty-four separate filters 16 are used for converting the bit streams output on sixty-four bit lines 22 to eight-bit values. Optionally, a multiplexer at the output of the core 12 may reduce the number of required filters to, for example, sixteen. The preferred interaction of filters 16 with memory 24 is as follows. Immediately after a row of pixel elements 14 has been addressed, a control circuit 26, using the address generated by row decoder 20, fetches a previous (or interim) eight-bit value stored in memory 24 for each pixel element 14 in the addressed row and loads this previous value into the proper one of the 64 filters 16 about to receive a new bit from that pixel element 14. Conventional memory addressing techniques and circuitry may be used for this process. The single bit output of the respective A/D converters in the addressed pixel elements 14 is then applied to a respective one of the sixty-four filters 16 containing the previous eight-bit value for that pixel element 14. Each filter 16 then updates the previous eight-bit value with the new single bit of information to generate a new interim value. The now updated eight-bit value generated by each filter 16 is then transferred back into memory 24, under control of the control circuit 26.
[0031] Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown an image sensor 300 based on the digital pixel sensor according to one embodiment of the invention. The digital pixel sensor 302 may be implemented according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,425 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,801,657, and outputs digital signals representing one or more images of a scene. A sense amplifier and latches 304 are coupled to the digital pixel sensor 302 to facilitate read out of the digital signals from the digital pixel sensor 302. Unlike the prior art, an image sensor 300 in accordance with the invention also includes memory of large capacity. In one embodiment, the memory is partitioned into memory 304 (referred to herein as a threshold memory) for storing threshold values, memory 308 (referred to herein as a time index memory) for storing time index values, and digital or data memory 310. According to one aspect of the present invention, the data memory 310 is dual ported, meaning that there are two different ports in the data memory 310, each operating with a different data width. For example, one port has a port width of 2300 bits per clock cycle and the other has a common port width; 32 or 64 bits per clock cycle. In addition, the data memory 310 is large enough to accommodate a frame of image data from sensor 302.
[0032] It is assumed that the sensor 302 is of N by M pixels and has k-bits (i.e. data precision). Thus, the size of the threshold memory 306 is of N by M bits, and the size of the time index memory 308 is of N by M by m bits, where m is the time resolution. If the pixel resolution of sensor 302 is 1024 by 1024 in 10 bits. Thus, the threshold memory 306 is a one-megabit memory, the time index memory 308 is a two-megabit memory when the time index is set to be T, 2T, 4T and 8T (i.e. two-bit resolution), and the digital memory 306 preferably has a size of at least 1.2 megabytes. Because of the digital signals can be read out at extremely high speed, the image sensor 300 is capable of generating multiple samples in an exposure. In other words, 4 samples of an exposure can be obtained when the time index is set T, 2T, 4T and 8T, wherein the exposure time is 8T and the 4 sampling time is referred to as T, 2T, 4T and 8T. In the following, a sample of image and a frame of data are interchangeably used.
[0033] One of features in the invention is to place an on-chip memory in the image sensor, shown as dual ported data memory 310 in FIG. 3. The traditional Image sensors output analog signals, which shows very little benefits of integrating data memory on the same chip, because the analog signals are digitized by either an array of on-chip A/D converters and one or more off-chips A/D converters. When each of the pixel elements outputs a digital signal at the same time, the on-chip memory will provide benefits and/or advantages that could not be expected in the traditional image sensors. Thus, there is no bottleneck for data transmission from the sensors 302 to the memory 310. In operation, after one exposure time, a frame of data can be immediately read out to the memory 310.
[0034] According to one aspect of the invention, after the first frame of data is read out into the memory 310 at T, the subsequent frames of data at 2T, 4T and 8T are selectively read out into the memory 310 to improve, update, or enhance the pixel values contained therein. Selection is controlled by the contents of the corresponding threshold memory 306.
[0035] To demonstrate the operation of the memory 310, FIG. 4A shows a block diagram of an image sensor architecture having a dual ported memory 410 according to one embodiment of the invention. The dual ported memory 410 is assumed to have a capacity of N by N cells. From the data perspective, each cell accommodates one piece of data, e.g. "205" in 8-bit data precision or "1021" in 10-bit data precision. To facilitate the description of the operation of the dual ported memory 410, it is assumed that each cell in the figure may also hold a bit of data, e.g. one digit of 11001101 (in binary). Those skilled in the art understand that the description can be equally applied to memory in other alternative presentations.
[0036] Significantly different from the bus coupling the sensor array to the memory in FIG. 2, the memory 410 is coupled to the sensor 302 through a data bus 402 that can be as wide as the number of pixel elements in a row or a column of the sensor 302. While the bus width is limited by a practical packaging solution in FIG. 2, there is very little physical barrier to the width of bus 402 when the memory 410 is integrated on the same chip as the sensor 302. Hence one port communicating to the data bus has preferably the capacity to transport one row of column of data in a signal cycle. On the other hand, data in the memory can be accessed by another device or processor 406 through a narrow bus 404. Depending on the application of images captured by the sensor 302, the stored data in the memory 410 may be accessed for computation, compression, or transmission by the processor 406. Typically, the access speed to the stored data is 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128 bits depending on the computing capacity of the processor 406. For example, for image compression, it is desirable to fetch the stored data in 8 bits (e.g. for JPEG) while for image transmission or computation, it is desirable to access the stored data in higher bits, such as 64 or 128 bits. In any event, one important aspect of the invention is to provide a dual-ported memory structure having a relatively wide data port for receiving data from the image sensor 302 and having a relatively narrow data port for communicating data to and from a processor 406.
[0037] In operation, according to one embodiment, a row of digital data from a row of pixel elements is read off or dumped to a row of memory cells 408 in one clock cycle after a sampling time (e.g. exposure at T). The sensor 302 continues to integrate to 2T at which a row of 2nd digital data from the same row of pixie elements become available. To prevent some of the 2nd digital data that may be saturated from writing into the corresponding cells in row 408, corresponding cells in the threshold memory 306 of FIG. 3 are consulted to determine if the corresponding cells in row 408 shall be overwritten.
[0038] To minimize the time it takes to update each of the cells in row 408, FIG. 4B shows a block diagram of a memory updating mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention. One of the features of the updating mechanism is to update only some of the cells in a row or column of the data memory (i.e. the memory 408 of FIG. 4A) with a limited number of clocking cycles. This requires that the data memory have a bus with sufficient width.
[0039] According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B and in reference to FIG. 3, each of the cells in the threshold memory 306 records the status of corresponding cells in the data memory 306. For example, if a cell in the data memory shall not be updated with data from a subsequent sample, the corresponding cell in the threshold memory 306 has a flag value (e.g. 1). As a result, those cells in the data memory corresponding to the cells in the threshold memory with a flag value will not be updated, ignoring the data generated in the subsequent samples. The detailed operation of the threshold memory in conjunction with the data memory is provided in U.S. application Nos. 09/567,786 and 09/567,638.
[0040] To facilitate the description of the operation of the data memory, it is assumed that some of the cells of a row in the data memory is being updated. In operation, the stored data is read out of a row (noted as row1+n) of memory (represented in dashed lines by numeric designator 310′) to be updated. The data are copied to a first buffer 510 or other short term storage area within the digital pixel sensor. New data to be written from the sensor portion 302 of the digital pixel sensor to the memory are stored in a second buffer 500. The contents of the threshold memory are then applied to a select input of a multiplexer 505, where the contents of the first and second buffers comprise first (IOLD) and second (INEW) data inputs to the multiplexer. A "1" from the threshold memory selects new data from the second buffer, while a "0" from the threshold memory selects old data from the first buffer. Thus, the output of the multiplexer comprises an updated row (rown+1) of memory (represented in dashed lines by numeric designator 310″) in which only the values in those cells in the row that are to be updated have been changed. The output of the multiplexer is preferably written directly back to the memory and a next row of memory may then be updated. Equation (1) below shows the multiplex operation:
OUT=sel�I NEW +{overscore (sel)}�I OLD (1)
[0041] The above updating mechanism shows that the performance thereof is dependent on one port of the memory that is preferably as wide as the number of pixels in a row/column in the image sensor.
[0042] The integration of the various elements necessary to process image data into a single integrated circuit offers significant opportunities with regard to features that otherwise require large amounts of external support functionality. Thus, the sensor of FIG. 3 may also include a controller 320 to implement various features with regard to the information stored in the digital memory 310. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the actual implementation of these features is a matter of choice for those skilled in the art. For example, the controller may be a simple programmable logic core as is readily available from such ASIC vendors as LSI Logic, or it may be a state machine implemented in combinational logic, as is well known in the art. A control line operates the controller to manipulate data contained within the data memory. The control line may comprise a simple serial or parallel signal path that instructs the controller with regard to a desired data manipulation feature. The generation of such signals is well known in the art.
[0043]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an image sensor architecture showing a bank switching scheme for matching memory data bus width to disparate data buses according to the invention. In one embodiment of the invention, the memory 410 is organized into a plurality of banks B1-Bb, each bank having a specific width. The banks may be accessed sequentially by the processor 320, such that the bus width is equivalent to the bank width of a single bank. In this way, a narrower data bus 520 is provided for use in conjunction with the processor 320. The two or more of the banks may be accessed simultaneously, such that the bus width is equivalent to the combined bank widths of all of the accessed banks. In this way, a wider data bus 502 is provided for use in conjunction with the image sensor 302. A simple switching means, operating under processor control 500, reconfigures the memory on the fly.
[0044] Although the invention is described herein with reference to the preferred embodiment, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other applications may be substituted for those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the invention may be implemented in schemes other than the bank switching scheme, such as a plane select scheme, the use of shift register, or other schemes as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Further, the invention need not match narrow and wide buses, but may also be provided to match buses having different speeds or operating voltages as well. The invention may also use an external control to configure the bus width, for example to match the output of the device to various external systems or to implement various processor features, such as image cropping and the like. The processor may also select bus width to operate multiple internal and/or external devices simultaneously from the same memory. In this embodiment of the invention, the various banks may be assigned to two or more functional elements of the sensor architecture. The memory structure described herein may also be used in a serial fashion, such that data may be written by the image sensor through a first port and simultaneously read and/or written by the processor through a second port, thereby increasing the speed of operation. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments.
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Additional file 5.
Normalized target gene expression regulation in PC12 cells differentiated with GDNF, Forskolin and Y27632. Fold changes in transcript expressions of Egr-1 (i), Integrin alpha 1, ITGA1 (ii), and Crystallin alpha b, CRYAB (iii), in GDNF-GFRa1a-RET9 (A), GDNF-GFRa1a-RET51 (B), Forskolin (C), Y27632 (D) treated samples relative to that of control were normalized by geometric mean of top 2 reference genes in each subgroup; geometric mean of RPL19/RPL29; ACTB or GAPDH. Normalization by ACTB resulted in the over-estimation of target gene expression. Normalization by GAPDH led to either under- or over-estimation of target gene expression. Dotted line represents the 2-fold difference between treatment and control subjects, a cut off commonly used to distinguish significant changes from insignificant ones. Significant differences between fold changes normalized by various reference gene(s) were calculated using the paired Student's t test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant (**p < 0.01; *p < 0.05)
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Zhou et al. BMC Genomics 2010 11:75 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-75


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Procedure and Results for a Paradigm-Based ALE Meta-Analysis. In paradigm-based, or function-based, meta-analyses, the BrainMap database is searched for a paradigm or task of interest by (a) constructing an appropriate set of search criteria within Sleuth. Studies matching this query are (b) downloaded to Sleuth's workspace panel for further filtering, and (c) the observed location results of these experiments can be visualized on a glass brain. Using GingerALE, these locations can be meta-analyzed using the ALE approach, and (d) the ALE results can be visualized using Mango.
Laird et al. BMC Research Notes 2011 4:349 doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-349


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Just started working on the body of the poodle, but must admit I'm a little confused about the instructions. The body is worked in rounds beginning at the back end with increases in the first 11 rounds. For example, round 6 says "[inc, sc in next 4 sc] 6 times-36 sc; there were 30 sc in the previous round, 24 in the round before that. Does it mean the increases are all done at the beginning of the round, i.e increase in each of the first 4 sc, then increase in the next 4 sc and so on 6 times? Or does it mean do an increase in every 4th sc evenly spaced 6 times (although the pattern does not say anything about evenly spacing the increases. Would appreciate anyone else's advice or interpretation of the instructions. Thank you!
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AO 2013 - Semifinals - Vika Azarenka v. Sloane Stephens
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Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: In an in between place.
Posts: 6,900
Originally Posted by
Azarenka could have lied, she could have pretty much said anything she wanted after the match about the MTO. I liked that she was so candid about it instead. She clearly didn't realize how harshly she would be judged for "over-emotionality". And she did sound genuinely rattled. The good thing about this is that this sucky rule may get re-evaluated because of it. The rule is sucky. Nothing to do with Azarenka personally. I agree with Gilbert that a player should NEVER be allowed an MTO before the opponent's serve. I've seen it tons of times and it's just not right. You should be allowed ONLY before your own serve. That makes a lot of sense to me. I don't understand why it doesn't make sense to the tennis powers . But not Azarenka's fault if something is allowed that in the eyes of many people shouldn't be. And in this particular match, Stephens could almost never hold serve (what was it? Once in each set?), so it really didn't make any difference to what was already the typical pattern. No one on earth could convince me that Stephens would have held her serve if Azarenka had not had a panic attack because she wasn't either before the panic attack but of course, in some cases, it could make a difference. There is a valid point in challenging that rule but no need to scapegoat Vika about it.
And overall, Vika was clearly the dominant player in the match.
All of this is completely irrelevant. There is one issue here. Azarenka basically faked TWO injuries so she could have 10 minutes to settle down after choking away 5 match points. She used the MTO to halt the momentum her opponent had just taken. We have seen similar incidents before, but this was the most disgusting use of the MTO I've ever seen. The rule needs to be done away with entirely. If you're injured, that sucks. Either find a way to play through it or call it a day. If players are allowed to stop play at any time to get treatment for an injury then their will always be those that abuse the rule.
"Everybody has a game plan, until they get punched in the face" -Mike Tyson
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Last week my friend, Professor Jenny Boylan of Barnard College, penned an op-ed in the Los Angeles Times entitled "Trans Community Can Change Minds by Changing Discourse." She uses the promotion of marriage equality as the gay analogue to what the trans community now needs. With all due respect, I think she's got it backwards.
Since the publication of Time's cover story "The Transgender Tipping Point," there has been a spate of conservative op-eds in retort. The attacks follow a predictable set of talking points that rely on the reader having no scientific knowledge of the issue. However, when examined from a perspective of peer-reviewed medical consensus and law, these talking points fail utterly.
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism, or TERF, is a loosely-organized collective with a message of hate and exclusion against transgender women in particular. They have attached themselves to radical feminism as a means to attempt to deny trans women basic access to health care, women's groups, restroom facilities, and more.
"Cis" and "cisgender" certainly have a proper place in academia and are likely to be used there for a long time, given how their use has steadily increased. They are also increasingly used in non-LGBT progressive circles as part of policy and sociology discussions. Outside these contexts, however, neither word does us much good.


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On the Road! Breton
Listening to Breton words and phrases over and over again is an effective way to learn. If you commute to work you could use this time to learn Breton words and phrases. On The Road! is designed with that purpose in mind. You can also put the contents of the audio CD on an MP3 player or an iPod to listen to Breton on the train or around town.Breton words and phrases
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Each slide provides a clear explanation of a particular aspect of Breton grammar. There are numerous slides in the package. Topics include the Breton definite article, the indefinite article, Breton verbs and adjectives, Breton pronouns, Breton demonstrative pronouns.Breton grammar PDF for download
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Profile for kimmy61 - Threads
Member Since: 07/18/2012
Re: DVD GIVEAWAY: Industry Insider Techniques with Louise Cutting Volumes 1-4
I have taken classes at expos with Louise. I would love to have this set for myself.
Member Since: 07/18/2012
I have taken classes at expos with Louise. I would love to have this set for myself.posted: 6:24 am on July 18th
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Quarantine: It's one of the most delicate civil rights issues in history, because when does the common good trump individual freedoms? As fears about a possible pandemic spread thanks to air travel and the ready spread of viruses worldwide, the Obama Administration moved to widen quarantine powers via executive order, right in the middle of an Ebola outbreak in Africa. (The outbreak is not a pandemic, or an epidemic, for that matter, but more about that in a minute.) The timing certainly sent a clear message, but it may also have contributed to scaremongering about the risks of ebola.
The story starts in 2003, when President Bush signed Executive Order 13295: Revised List of Quarantinable Communicative Diseases. He was acting in response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and wanted to create a framework for quarantining patients with the disease. He also named ebola among the subset of viral hemorrhagic fevers that merited quarantine. The Obama Administration has broadened the scope on SARS to include all "severe acute respiratory syndromes," not just SARS.
The original text read:
(b) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which is a disease associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, is transmitted from person to person predominantly by the aerosolized or droplet route, and, if spread in the population, would have severe public health consequences.
Now, it says that:
(b) Severe acute respiratory syndromes, which are diseases that are associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, are capable of being transmitted from person to person, and that either are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic, or, upon infection, are highly likely to cause mortality or serious morbidity if not properly controlled. This subsection does not apply to influenza.
This change in policy does not indicate that people will be forced into mandatory detention for being sick, or that they'll be quarantined at random, as some scaremongers have claimed. In fact, their erroneous statements can lead people to conceal the signs of serious illness to avoid identification and quarantine, which poses a huge public health risk. In fact, federal law permits for quarantine when people are entering the country or crossing state boundaries, and otherwise leaves the matter up to the states. The update simply reflects the need for increased accuracy and a broader scope (covering conditions like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, which wasn't named in the original document) in the event of a truly dangerous disease.
And despite the timing, it has nothing to do with ebola, which is not passed via a respiratory route. The virus travels only through direct contact with infected body fluids. The administration's unfortunate decision to make this change in the midst of an outbreak (the current situation is not widespread enough to be considered an epidemic, nor is it of the scope of a pandemic) was perhaps not the best PR move, but the change in language isn't something people should be afraid of.
Before people are placed in quarantine, the situation is reviewed carefully by public health officials, administrators and medical personnel. The decision is not taken lightly, and everyone operates in awareness of the fact that isolating someone to prevent the spread of disease needs to be accompanied with sensitivity about depriving people of their liberties — and that people deserve the best possible care while in quarantine.
Read more: Ebola, quarantine, respiratory illnesses
Photo credit: Anna Fox.
Yet ANOTHER issue the GOP can blow into a HUGE DRAMA!
It could be abused, most likely by a Republican President.
I hate quarantine programs, because it is a slippery slope that can be used for many purposes. My great aunt oversaw the Japanese interment camp in the desert of Arizona during the war, and she recounted to me all the horrors and inhumanity to man that went on there.
Thank you.
Thanks for the article.......different situation in Australia.....have heard of people being quarantined in their homes occasionally especially if they have come into contact with meningococcal disease.....as they wait to get tested and treated......not for pneumonia..though........but we do have a National Health Care system here (at the moment) so a different management style would be in place.....Anne M your Mum would of got a free vaccination and booster shots here once she turned 65
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Many parents are as addicted to their smart phones as their kids and would raise hell if their child…
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I have memories of making homemade pasta as a child – my parents rolling and cutting and my brother and I sneaking as much dough as we possibly could handle. Somehow the dough always tasted more delicious to me than the cooked pasta.
I was excited to try my hand at pasta making now that I'm "all grown up" so I eagerly pinned a pasta recipe and the perfect side dish/appetizer to go with it. And of course I enlisted the help of my friends – cause who doesn't love some pasta?
I made my zucchini from the farmer's market into our appetizer/pasta making snack, and Kathy improvised a dip for us:
We ended up drying our pasta on the microwave rack (who uses that in real life?) propped up a few pieces from my parents' wine collection:
No food prep is complete without some very serious taste-testing of ingredients.
The (incredibly sterile and sanitary) pasta process. It goes in boiling water, right?:
And due to Erika's enthusiastic efforts, the crank ended up here (or nearby) no less than 9 times that night:
The anticipation was intense!
Russ's Fiery Mushroom Ravioli:
Erika's Basil Linguine:
And my whole wheat linguine with Mom's marinara:
Even Latte got in on the pasta eating:
To save your homemade pasta, coil into nests and allow to dry. We waited way longer than we should have to do this but you should do this before the pasta starts to stiffen up:
Kathy treated us to chocolate cupcakes with melty snickers centers. Yum:
If your kitchen doesn't look like this during the process, you're not doing it right:
And because my mother was super generous to let us destroy her kitchen for this night, we made sure to clean it up before we fell into carb comas.
You can't read the clocks in any of the pictures above, but it was LATE when we finally ate and even later when we finally went to bed. But it was definitely worth the wait!
Have you ever made homemade pasta? What's your favorite kind of pasta?


text: New Delhi: A man who allegedly fabricated a story of his kidnapping to ward off creditors has been fined Rs.50,000 by the Delhi High Court. Dismissing a petition filed by Arun Rai, a resident of Badarpur area here, seeking a direction for registering an FIR against his alleged kidnappers, Justice S N Dhingra said exemplary punishment has been imposed. The court said that the punishment has been slapped for misusing the authority of the court and police.


text:
Reload the page and try again.
Drug Safety:
Those who use drugs do so on their own time and not really where the public will see them.
Drug Safety:
If drugs and partying is something that you want, you can find it.
Drug Safety:
If people are doing drugs, they are clearly hiding it very well, as there are no signs of drug usage on campus.
Drug Safety:
Drugs are not something that ISU students talk about openly or easily. You wont find out if someone does drugs until you know them for a while.
Drug Safety:
Rules say that smoking is not allowed on campus, but I see many people smoke.
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The ISU drug scene is basically whatever you want it to be and whatever you make it. Drugs can definitely be found, but students have to look for them. This makes drugs not a major issue on the ISU campus. There just really are not a lot of problems.
Students can find social scenes that have drugs and those that do not. Both are here at ISU, but the latter seems to be more prevalent. There are not a lot of students showing up to class high or on something. This may just be because they did not make it to class, but overall, the drug scene is more low-key.
Non-registered users are limited to 5 school profile page views per month.
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If you are travelling without luggage, you should go directly to the departure gate.
If you are travelling with luggage, you will have to take it to the airport bag drop-off desk. Check the opening hours here.
For passengers with confirmed bookings on flights operated by TAP or Portugália (flights numbered from 1 to 3999).
To ensure your flight leaves on time, the boarding gate closes 15 minutes before departure time.
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Latest Artemisia tridentata Stories
ConocoPhillips Company will provide $1 million to support implementation of the Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI) and benefit sage grouse conservation projects in the West through 2019.
The authors of an article featured in Rangeland Ecology and Management discuss the long-term effects of prescribed burns, mowing, and herbicides on the environment within the mountain regions
Human-structures in sagebrush landscapes favor Common Raven nesting over historical hawk species.
Gary Bedortha, the first rancher in the Paulina and Crook County area, to enroll in the Sage Grouse Initiative, has led the way for other ranchers to get involved.
Removing junipers and other conifers that are early invaders of sagebrush habitat for sage grouse is cost-efficient and most likely to be effective, rather than a delay-and-repair approach trying
As fires sweep more frequently across the American Great Basin, the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has been tasked with reseeding the burned landscapes to stabilize soils.
A new study suggests that habitat fragmentation and the addition of makeshift perches such as transmission polls in sagebrush ecosystems are creating preferred habitat for common ravens that threaten sensitive native bird species, including greater sage grouse
An article in the June issue of the journal Rangelands details a conservation partnership across 11 western states that is bringing a more unified approach to reducing threats to the sagebrush
California sagebrush in the southern part of the state will adjust better to climate change than sagebrush populations in the north, according to UC Irvine researchers in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology affiliated with the Center for Environmental Biology.
An international team of scientists has revealed that an invasive grass species may be one reason that fires are bigger and more frequent in certain regions of the western U.S.
Latest Artemisia tridentata Reference Libraries
The Gunnison Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of grouse endemic to the United States, where it is known as the Gunnison Sage-Grouse. It's similar to the closely related Greater Sage-Grouse in its appearance but about a third smaller in size, with much thicker plumes behind its head; it also has a less complex courtship dance. It's restricted in range to southwestern Colorado and extreme southeastern Utah, with the largest population residing in the Gunnison Basin region in...
The Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is the largest species of grouse found in North America. It occurs in the western United States and in Canada in southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. Its habitat is semiarid country sagebrush. Though this species is not considered endangered by the IUCN, its range has shrunk and it no longer exists in British Columbia, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Arizona and New Mexico. This bird is a permanent resident in its range, though some birds...
- A hairdresser.


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Rob suspect wounded in Makati snatching incident
A suspected robber was reported to be in critical condition after he was shot by two policemen who went after him after he and his three cohorts snatched the necklace of a bus passenger in Makati City on Tuesday.
A Makati police report identified the alleged thief as Danilo Briones, 34, a resident of Barangay (village) Highway Hills in Mandaluyong City. He sustained gunshot wounds on the abdomen and left leg. According to the report, Briones is confined at the Ospital ng Makati where he is scheduled to be operated on.
He was shot around 3 p.m. on the southbound lane of Edsa, corner Estrella Street, after he and three other men took the necklace of a bus passenger who had gotten off at the intersection.
Fina Cecilia Angel, 24, a nurse at St. Luke's Medical Center in Taguig City, shouted for help and caught the attention of two police officers who were also on the bus. Police Officer 1 Moises Aquines, an officer stationed at Camp E. Navarro in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, and Resti de Lunas, a Camp Crame policeman, told investigators that when they were about to grab the escaping suspects, one of them took out a gun and fired at them. The two fired back, hitting Briones while his cohorts escaped with the necklace.—Maricar B. Brizuela
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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceKenmore Dryer
Level of DifficultyReally easy
Time to do repairLess than 15 mins
Age of ApplianceMore than 10 years
10 out of 12 people found this instruction helpful
After replacing all the other fuses and sensors I finally replaced the Radiant Flame Sensor and it is working perfectly. After replacing the other parts and the heat still not coming on I read somewhere that the Radiant Flame Sensor is a normal closed circuit and when I checked with a meter it was open. I would have saved a lot of time and money if I had read that earlier.
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text: Just signed up for my first tri ever! I will be doing the sprint distance in the Chicago Tri in Aug 2012. I was wondering if there is anyone out there who is new to the sport who is sort of slow who would like to train with a buddy. I know I enjoy working out more if I have someone there with me. Let me know if you're interested!


text:
We have a great selection in store of Mothers' Day books. Get in early to get yours now.Read More
Don't have time to get down to our lovely shop? Living too far away? Have a look at our brilliant online store at the fantastic Littleville.Read More
Our customers continue to inspire and amaze us. We have developed some beautiful relationships and look forward to continuing these throughout 2015. It is you, our customers, that inspires us to keep looking for unique products, interesting books and adding to our ever growing events schedule.


text:
Robert Pattinson initially showed no signs of wanting to forgive his cheating ex, Kristen Stewart after he moved out of the LA home they shared together. But if looks as if the buff Brit's had a change of (broken) heart, as he has agreed to meet up with his Twilight co-star.
Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart are going to meet up! [Copyright: WENN]
The news of a face-to-face reunion comes after a reported hour-long phone call between the couple which was understandably full of emotional outbursts.
[Related story: Katy Perry and Robert Pattinson go on a date]
[Related story: Kristen Stewart dropped from Snow White sequel?]
And we're not just talking about the Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson! The rumours of a romance rekindling between these two are enough to make omg! shed a few tears of anticipation.
The meet comes after an emotional hour-long phone call between the couple. [Copyright: WENN]
A friend of Rob told Look magazine: "She [Kristen] begged to meet face to face so they could talk. It was obvious Kristen was getting through to Rob and he has agreed to see her.
"In fact, he admitted that it must be worse for her because she's not just dealing with heartbreak, but being portrayed as a villain, while he gets all the sympathy."
The publication report that RPattz agreed to speak to his ex after spotting t-shirts with the slogan: 'Kristen Stewart is a Trampire'.
It's believed that during their chat over the phone, Kristen begged Rob to take her back, allegedly pleading with him to trust her again.
Fans are dying to see this moment relived in real life! [Copyright: WENN]
Robert's loose lipped friend added: "For the first couple of weeks he was wallowing in his own grief, but being forced to face people during this promo, and seeing how angry everyone is with Kristen, made him feel sad for her."
What a decent guy RPattz is!
If the A-list pair do decide to get back together it's thought there will be a fir few ground rules with London being where they spend more of their time as opposed to LA.
They'll also had to agree to spend time together in between their various film projects.
But all these details will have to wait as first the duo need to arrange their very first meeting which is thought to be at Reese Witherspoon's Ojai ranch.
Keep your fingers crossed!


text:
A potential smoking gun emerges on the tragic anniversary.
Patriots Vow to Fight on for Benghazi Answers
The Media's Selective Sensitivity to Candidate Blunders
Maxine Waters: Swamp Queen
When Secularism Is Not Enough
Nancy Pelosi's Deficient Cleaning Service
Charles Rangel: A Profile in Corruption
Plagued by multiple serious scandals, Rep. Charles Rangel has stepped down from his post as chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee. The move, which Rangel said was "temporary," came after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi told the congressman that he did not have enough votes to survive an expected Republican challenge to his chairmanship. To view a […]
Commentary: George Will Knocks it Out of the Park
by Peter Wehner The Conservative Political Action Committee (CPAC) gathering this weekend included some odd moments, some odd speakers, and some odd outcomes. But it also included some fine moments and impressive speeches — especially one fantastic address by columnist George Will. In his remarks, Will laid out the fundamental difference between conservatism and modern-day […]


text:
In some ways it is the same or similar because it's the same engine. There's only so many improvements/changes they can make I guess. I've come to realize this after years of hating madden I guess.
I'm no Madden fanboy, but I'm actually looking forward to this. The new tackling/elimination of suction blocking/tackling is enough for me to buy madden for the first time since madden 04. The new camera angles and shit will be a bonus.
It's still gonna be the same old madden, but it'll be madden 11 with better tackling and more interesting (hopefully) presentation elements. That's good enough for me.


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Share your thoughts on what it takes to have a lasting marriage.
In "A Testimony of God's Grace and Love [7]," from the June 2013 issue of Sojourners, Leroy Barber shares five principles for a lasting marriage.
What other advice would you add to this list? (Share your marital wisdom in the comments section below.)
[1] http://sojo.net/magazine/2013/06
[2] http://sojo.net/biography/editors
[3] http://sojo.net/magazine/2013/06/marital-wisdom#comment-covenant
[4] http://sojo.net/letter-to-the-editor?post=Marital%20Wisdom
[5] http://sojo.net/donate
[6] http://sojo.net/sites/default/files/article/image/ring.png
[7] http://sojo.net/magazine/2013/05-0/testimony-gods-grace-and-love


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"Modern Inquisitions is a superb inquiry into the obscured American origins of modernity. With exceptional lucidity and judicious indignation, Irene Silverblatt persuasively argues that the Spanish Inquisition in colonial Peru was a modern institution that intimately intertwined race-thinking and bureaucratic rationality. By illuminating the subterranean currents shaping the modern world, this outstanding book renders the violent civilizing hierarchies they have carved at once more comprehensible and more intolerable."—Fernando Coronil, author of The Magical State: Nature, Money, and Modernity in Venezuela
"Modern Inquisitions is an extraordinary work of research and interpretation. Based on painstaking archival research in the Lima Inquisition records, it makes crucial contributions to the debates about race, state-formation, and colonialism."—Barbara Weinstein, author of For Social Peace in Brazil: Industrialists and the Remaking of the Working Class in São Paulo, 1920–1964


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Direct a zombie movie, animate a cartoon, and tell a story through the art of Video.
- Experience every aspect of film production
- Learn the art of producing, screenwriting, directing, filming, and editing
- Professional digital video equipment and Final Cut Pro editing suites
- Emphasis on process based learning through collaborative projects
- Play a key role in a short film shown to the camp community at the close of each session
Live Action Video, Animation


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New iPhone a Hit With Local Customers: Many Upgrading to New Apple Phone After Owning Original
By George M. Thomas, The Akron Beacon Journal, Ohio
Jul. 11–LYNDHURST — Just one year after its predecessor debuted, technophiles lined up today to take a bite of Apple's newest iPhone.
The iPhone, the all-in-one device that does everything except slice, dice and puree, became a technological sensation last year being snapped up by more than three million people. The second generation of the phone, which includes wireless Internet capabilities and faster download times on AT&T's 3G high speed network, shows signs of being a bigger hit. The phone sells for $199 in the eight gigabyte version, or $299 for the 16 gig model.
It's people such as Mount Union student Mike Rahanian, 19, who showed up at 4 a.m. to stand in line at the Apple Store to buy one of the new toys.
Rahanian purchased the new phone despite the fact that he has the older model. It would be understandable if he were disappointed that a new phone came out so soon, but he's not. He does think, however, the first iPhone served as a test run for this device. He's buying the new one for the speed.
"They threw it out on the market. It was a very good phone when it came out," he said. "They did some updates. Now they have a major update. It's most certainly worth it, I think. These days once you buy something, as soon as you get it home, it's already out of date."
Rahanian wasn't alone in his sentiments.
Mike Neal, 18, of Seven Hills bought his first iPhone just after Apple announced a price cut last fall.
Neal said he couldn't figure out why he was willing to shell out even more money after purchasing one last September. "I was hoping they would come out with a new one," he said.
Neal is the type of customer that Apple and AT&T thrive on. Looking at the line that snaked along the side of the Apple Store and around through a plaza, the crowd represents the tech savvy, give-it-to-me now youth that drives the technology industry. They want the latest, greatest and fastest and have no qualms about paying for it.
Apple, which is a company that's always prided itself on having a certain cool factor, is only too happy to oblige.
For the most part, purchases and activations went smoothly for those leaving the store with the little boutique style bags with an Apple on them. A store staff member guided each customer through the purchase and activation process.
When Rahanian left with his 16 gig, white iPhone, he pronounced himself satisfied. "I'm impressed. It's really streamlined," he said. "It's very nice. The first one felt like a brick in your hand compared to this one."
Neal's experience didn't go as easily during the activation phase. He said that the servers went down when the store clerk was trying to flip it on. Still he said that he'd make the purchase again.
"I love it! It feels better than the old phone," he said. "From what I've seen it's quite faster than the old one."
Indeed, in the phone's web browser, he typed in the URL for yahoo.com and a full fledged web page popped up blazingly fast.
Things went fairly well at the Apple Store, but some who thought they would avoid long lines by going to the AT&T Store nearby reported a major problem there — limited supply.
Dave Sutton of Brook Park started out at the Apple Store and went to an AT&T Store only to be told they were out. He returned to Apple only to have to go to the back of the line.
Dave Livengood of Canton said that's why he made the almost hour-long drive from his home to come to Lyndhurst. He called his local AT&T store only to be told that they were getting 40-70 of the devices. Livengood, who converted from a Blackberry last year after playing with his friend's iPhone, said he didn't want to take a chance on missing out.
Livengood, who gave his age as fiftysomething, looked out of place in a crowd filled with teens and twentysomethings. That, however, didn't mean he was any less enthused. Although he is replacing his first generation phone he said he expected that he would have to eventually.
"We'll do it again next year if they come out with a new one," he said.
George M. Thomas can be reached at email@example.com.
To see more of the Akron Beacon Journal, or to subscribe to the newspaper, go to http://www.ohio.com.
Copyright (c) 2008, The Akron Beacon Journal, Ohio
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Diabetes Health Center
Type 2 Diabetes in Children - Medications
The same medicines are used to treat adults and children with type 2 diabetes. These medicines increase insulin production, make the body better able to use insulin (decrease insulin resistance), or slow the intestinal absorption of carbohydrate.
Sometimes a child needs more than one medicine to adequately control diabetes. Two or more medicines taken together may work more effectively than a single medicine. Taking two medicines together also may reduce possible side effects by allowing lower doses of each. But in some cases, taking two medicines can increase the risk of certain side effects, such as low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Some children need daily insulin shots—alone or with other medicines. Even if your doctor does not prescribe daily insulin, your child may need to take insulin temporarily when first diagnosed or during illness or surgery. At some point in adulthood, he or she will likely need insulin, because over time the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Insulin also may be needed during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
If your child has high cholesterol or high blood pressure, medicine for those conditions may be needed. Even blood pressure slightly above normal increases the risk for eye and kidney damage from diabetes.
Medicine choices
Medicines that decrease insulin resistance:
- Biguanides, such as metformin and other medicines that are combined with metformin
- Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone
Medicines that increase insulin production:
- Sulfonylureas, such as glimepiride, glipizide, and glyburide
- Meglitinides, such as nateglinide and repaglinide
- DPP-4 inhibitors, such as linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin
Medicines that slow intestinal absorption of carbohydrate:
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as acarbose or miglitol
If you are having trouble controlling your blood sugar with pills, your doctor may suggest one of these medicines, which are given as a shot:
- Incretin mimetics, such as exenatide and liraglutide
- Amylinomimetics, such as pramlintide
Some doctors treat children with insulin injections.
Medicines to control blood pressure and cholesterol
Some children may need medicines to lower their blood pressure and cholesterol to reduce the risk for later complications.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may be used to lower your child's blood pressure.
- Statins may be used if a healthy diet and physical activity do not lower cholesterol. Sexually active teens should be warned against becoming pregnant while taking these medicines.
In this article
Type 2 Diabetes in Children Topics
Is This Normal? Get the Facts Fast!
Your level is currently
If the level is below 70 or you are experiencing symptoms such as shaking, sweating or difficulty thinking, you will need to raise the number immediately. A quick solution is to eat a few pieces of hard candy or 1 tablespoon of sugar or honey. Recheck your numbers again in 15 minutes to see if the number has gone up. If not, repeat the steps above or call your doctor.
People who experience hypoglycemia several times in a week should call their health care provider. It's important to monitor your levels each day so you can make sure your numbers are within the range. If you are pregnant always consult with your health care provider.
Congratulations on taking steps to manage your health.
However, it's important to continue to track your numbers so that you can make lifestyle changes if needed. If you are pregnant always consult with your physician.
Your level is high if this reading was taken before eating. Aim for 70-130 before meals and less than 180 two hours after meals.
Even if your number is high, it's not too late for you to take control of your health and lower your blood sugar.
One of the first steps is to monitor your levels each day. If you are pregnant always consult with your physician.
Did You Know Your Lifestyle Choices
Affect Your Blood Sugar?
Use the Blood Glucose Tracker to monitor
how well you manage your blood sugar over time.
This tool is not intended for women who are pregnant.
Step: of


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1. Soak the cashew in cold water for 60 minute, drain after 60 minutes.
2. Soak the sun dried tomatoes for 2 hours.
3. In a blender blend garlic, tomatoes, cashew, sun dried tomatoes along with the soaked water, red pepper flakes, sea salt, shallots, raw honey and cold pressed olive oil.
4. Blend for 2 minutes, add water in case you require a thin soup.
5. Serve the Spicy Sweet Raw Tomato Soup along with black scallions bread.


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Welcome to our continuing series of Code Project interviews in which we talk to developers about their backgrounds, projects, interests and pet peeves. In this installment we talk to Daniel Jalkut, Mac developer and podcaster.
I'm Daniel Jalkut, the founder of Red Sweater Software. I live and work from my home office in Arlington, Massachusetts, near Boston.
I started at Apple in the mid-nineties, working on System 7 software for the Mac. I moved over to the Mac OS X frameworks group and developed software for the Core Services group while Mac OS X was first being developed and through Mac OS X 10.2.
For the past several years I have been working on a variety of my own apps for sale over the web and through Apple's Mac App Store.
My most popular app is MarsEdit, which is a desktop blog editing app.
I also develop Black Ink, which is a crossword-solving app, and a few utility applications.
I'm the host of a technical, conversational podcast called Core Intuition with my friend Manton Reece.
Like most Mac and iOS developers, I spend most of my time in Xcode, Apple's free IDE.
I develop almost exclusively in Objective-C, again because it's the way to develop for Apple's technologies, but also because I embrace the simplified philosophy of Objective-C. Languages such as C++ don't appeal to me because the rich expanse of features offers too much opportunity to get lost in "clever" solutions. I prefer the constraints of Objective-C, combined with some well-worn design patterns that make it clear how most problems should be tackled.
For general-purpose scripts and web programming I tend towards Python, and prefer to edit those with BBEdit from Bare Bones Software. I also spend some time working with PHP because it's so omnipresent in web frameworks, and I use some PHP-based packages such as WordPress and Vanilla Forums to power parts of my web sites.
Finally, as a developer of a blog editor with WYSIWYG HTML capabilities, I spend a lot of time dealing with the nuanced behaviors of Apple's WebKit library. Their built-in web inspector is an invaluable tool for debugging rendering and performance issues, as well as for quickly prototyping potential code solutions when any web or JavaScript-based process is involved.
I'm fascinated by Apple's continued progress with LLVM and clang, their compiler virtual machine and C front end. The technologies they are developing make it increasingly common to be able to detect bugs (clang analysis) before code has even run.
I'm also curious to see how the LLVM technologies may make it possible for folks to write code in whatever language of their choice and have it be dynamically converted to another language. I suspect we're inching as an industry towards an increasingly technology-agnostic world where getting the bits pushed where they need to be efficiently will be the primary consideration.
I have a lot of sticking points with style and convention that roughly match the prescriptions made by the excellent book Code Complete by Steve McConnell.
In general I try to adopt the philosophies of DRY (don't repeat yourself), to limit the size of methods and classes as much as possible, to favor composition over inheritance, and you'll almost never find me writing a function or method with more than one return statement.
Even though my dad was a professional software engineer, developing compilers, I got a relatively late start to bona fide programming. I spent some time as a teenager fiddling with my Commodore 64 in Basic, and did a small amount of tutorial-level experiments with C on my Amiga computers.
It wasn't until I was introduced to the Mac and started studying as a Computer Science major in college that I got into programming enough to tackle a project and see it through to completion. My first significant project on the Mac was a GUI implementation of the classic UNIX game "robots", in which a protagonist moves around on a 2D grid, attracting dumbly advancing robot characters in an effort to have them collide into one another and explode.
Those of us who came out of the Mac developer community have the benefit of some long-time, mutually supportive connections. It's not uncommon for ostensibly competitive developers to sit down for beers or lunch, or even to share snippets of useful code. The success of iOS has brought a large number of new developers into the scene, and many of them have embraced this attitude and helped to grow the nurturing environment even larger.
Our community has a strong presence in blogs, Twitter, GitHub and on Stack Overflow. All of these venues do an excellent job of serving to extend that basic desire most of us have to help each other out, while possibly showing off a little bit in the process.
The developer community for Apple's products is of course strongly influenced by the company itself. Most of us have a love/hate, or at least a love/anguish relationship with the company because it is famously indifferent to the specific desires of individual developers, while continuing to uphold lofty ideals for how software should be built and what the ultimate value of software should be for end-users.
The main advice I give to people starting out is you have to ship something before you know whether you're really cut out for this. One would laugh mercilessly at a self-described car or motorcycle enthusiast who had never taken their beloved vehicle out for a spin. The purpose of software development is to create solutions that can be scaled effortlessly to benefit hundreds, thousands, or millions of people. And the feedback loop of discovering how well or poorly your software achieves the goal of benefiting people is a crucial part of becoming a better programmer.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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November 15, 2012
(AP) Anglo American Platinum Ltd. says miners in South Africa have returned to work, ending a more than eight-week strike that crippled the world's largest platinum producer.
Company spokeswoman Mpumi Sithole said the workers returned Thursday and would get safety briefings before work began inside of the mines.
During the strike, the company fired 12,000 workers, then later reinstated them. They reached a deal this week after Anglo American offered a one-time payment and salary options to the striking workers.
In a statement Wednesday to investors, the company said its year-end earnings will decrease by more than 20 percent compared to last year, partly because of the strike.


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"Our analysis places orchids far toward the older end of the range that had been postulated, suggesting the family was fairly young at the time of the extinction of the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago," Ramrez says. "It appears, based on our molecular clock analyses, that they began to flourish shortly after the mass extinction at the so-called 'K/T boundary' between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, which decimated many of Earth's species."
Orchids, unlike most flowering plants, package pollen in unique structures called pollinia, which consist of relatively large masses of compact pollen grains. The 15- to 20-million-year-old specimen of a worker bee carrying orchid pollinia, recovered by a private collector in the Dominican Republic in 2000, came to the attention of Ram rez and his colleagues at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in 2005. While this particular species of stingless bee, Proplebeia dominicana, is now extinct, the scientists' analysis of the shape and configuration of its cargo of pollen places it firmly within one of five extant subfamilies of orchids.
The specimen is one of just a few fossils known to illustrate directly a plant-pollinator association. The specific placement of the pollen on the bee's back not only confirms the grains were placed through active pollination -- as opposed to a random encounter with an orchid -- but also sheds light on the exact type and shape of orchid flower that produced the pollen tens of millions of years ago.
By applying the so-called molecular clock method, the scientists also estimated the age of the major branches of the orchid family. To their surprise, they found that certain groups of modern orchids, including the highly prized genus Vanilla, evolved very early during the rise of the plant family.
"This result is puzzling and fascinating at the same time because modern species of Vanilla or
|Contact: Steve Bradt
Harvard University


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Results 2,401 to 2,430 of 2773
February 7th, 2008 #2401
damn man, this stuff looks really sweet. Great pencils, and great paintings.. I like your colours.
Hide this ad by registering as a memberFebruary 7th, 2008 #2402
Love you're pencil sketches they look so quick but are still so nice!
February 8th, 2008 #2403
bradley thanks frend ! gratz on the job !
Rockhart !!! ty mate !
anticasper mega thanks !
gluck thanks man ! that folkloe thign on your blog is great the monky king is my favourt one !
nethus thanks !!!!
Flutic thanks tom !!!!!
not much ghere been keepign odd hours and so less sketchign have been looking aroudn here a bit , and caldor sb had some verry cool ornge with dark bits , verry cool some thing about it stay d with me for couple days so had to get it out of mind lol
February 8th, 2008 #2404
people say that "quantity is not quality" but you are an exception hahha keep it up man
Grab your pencil, grab your dream!
My Sketchbook - Blog - Fineart Blog
February 8th, 2008 #2405
February 14th, 2008 #2406
callops haaha thanks i think /cheers !!!!!!
ovad thanks man !!!!!! haha is that yoru man rik from the youngones for your icon ? lol
February 14th, 2008 #2407
hey liam, hows it going? i havent dropped a line in a while but ive been watching i really like the post before your recent one, something about that glowing orange int he arm that gets me.
Peggy Chung
February 14th, 2008 #2408
Rocking, your line art just makes me want to pick up my pen and draw even on tissue right away. Yet it always end up with some crappy stuff. Love latest one, it's fascinating.
I hate to say that, but one thing I have noticed that is your colour work seem to a little bit blurry. I think that if you emphasis the edge more stronger, like in #2426, can be the solution. This is just my personal opinion though.
February 15th, 2008 #2409
February 17th, 2008 #2410
thanks mates !!!!!
Just out gettig A littlE suN ShiNe !
Last edited by liam.c; February 17th, 2008 at 08:58 PM.
February 17th, 2008 #2411
LadyLioness wow ! your really coming along in such a short time your studys and your id stuff are lookign great !!!!!
UnSharpened thanks man and good suggestions ! hit this wiht little sharp for u
slav ty mate !
February 17th, 2008 #2412
I don't know how I missed this SB before, but you have a new fan, sir!*subscribes* Not that you need em', but have a few on me
Alrighty, then! I've got some catching up to do here. Back to page one...
Watch out for Piranhas
February 18th, 2008 #2413
Piranha Clan awesome !!!!!! ty mate !!!!!!!
jsut some coffie scribbles and stuff /shrug
February 18th, 2008 #2414
February 18th, 2008 #2415
lovely work Liam
My sketchbook
February 19th, 2008 #2416
UnSharpened haha ty mate thank you for all the support !!!!!
Gerbil Fetus thanks man !!!!!
well this jsut messing about in painter , its such a cool program photoshop jsut feels much more intuitive for me now i guess u jsut liek waht your used to
February 20th, 2008 #2417
hay lunch time paint
February 20th, 2008 #2418
hey u machine how u doing? =) damn u never get rusty do u? love the last creature, u should work a bit more on it ^^ keep posting man
Grab your pencil, grab your dream!
My Sketchbook - Blog - Fineart Blog
February 20th, 2008 #2419
callops thanks man !
little more the border will change and it will end up being black and white , text to the left and bottem
February 20th, 2008 #2420
oops some thign wrong there lol ... well ok bare in mind its painted cmyk so ... and had to srink it <seems to have lost alot in that >and all that but thats the idea there
February 20th, 2008 #2421
very creative sketchbook!
like to see you mesing in painter
My Sketchbook
February 21st, 2008 #2422
Really great work here man. I really like the last concept just now. Great loose sketch. I hope you push for the finish on this, would love to see it.
[B][FONT="Franklin Gothic Medium"][SIZE="2"]Sketchbook Poop
www.thecolehole.blogspot.com - Blog
February 21st, 2008 #2423
Wow, I realy admire the variety in your work, COOOL SB!!
February 21st, 2008 #2424Registered User
- Join Date
- Oct 2007
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Your breadth and range is really cool. I love how you can do tech and figures and in all sorts of odd perspectives. Just awesome work. And a sketch a day! Every day! That's a good amount of work. Inspiring. I have nothing I can crit.
My Sketchbook:
February 21st, 2008 #2425
Dude, you sketchbook rocks. The architecture, the figures, your progress, everything.
February 21st, 2008 #2426
Top stuff, brother!
February 22nd, 2008 #2427
kveye tyty i allways go back to it but its never comfortable lol maby some day !
Colepoopface hay thanks man shure thing ,will be for a d20
thing working on xfingers we get it done lol checked out your site man really great stuff !!!!!
D@niel tyty my friend !!!!!
snubbed tyty man !!!!!everythign soo cool soo many possablitys and options i love to try every thing out !
Maidith thanks so much !!!!!
Chupacabra haha you kik ass man !
now for some thign compleetly diffrent this is the terrible magickal pyroclastic dragon flowers found on a strange blue planet 3rd from its star thay have even been known to make the female of the civilized population of the little blue planet make the sound 'sigh" with a deep exhale
February 22nd, 2008 #2428Registered User
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Nice work on the flowers. Really liking your color pallet and stroke economy. Some sharper edges could really help out the flowers. Keep on truckin.
February 22nd, 2008 #2429
very good brushstrokes sir, you know your stuff!
New Sketchbook!
Facebook | Blog | dA | Twitter
February 22nd, 2008 #2430
Another incredible sketchbook! Looks like it'll be a late night again! Super fab!
Members who have read this thread: 5


text:
Alternative Titles
English: Blue Legend Shoot!
Japanese: 蒼き伝説 シュート!
Type: TV
Episodes: 58
Status: Finished Airing
Aired: Nov 7, 1993 to Dec 25, 1994
Producers: Toei Animation
Duration: 25 min. per episode
Rating: PG-13 - Teens 13 or olderL represents licensing company
Score: 7.561 (scored by 2540 users)
Ranked: #13452
Popularity: #3046
Members: 5,104
Favorites: 32
1 indicates a weighted score
2 based on the top anime page.
Popular Tagssports
Jul 7, 2013
Which if you didn't know is probably the greatest sports anime ever. That aside, if you're into friendship, teamwork, dramatic love for both a person and sports this is one roller coaster ride you wouldn't want to sit back and watch other people ride.
Onto the actual review: Story possibly 9 gonna say 8 though some parts are very cliche and predictable, but that's what makes it normal, but it has it's moments where it absolutely shines and just tugs on your heartstrings.
Sound: 10 I love every single song from the anime *spoiler* the best being the Kazumi Endo Ending, my god it still gives me goosebumps every time I hear it.
Character: 10 Toshi who is the main character not only as a futbol/soccer player does he level up, but as a man and person but he helps everyone around him to grow aswell. read more
Feb 8, 2013


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Four-films-old and Alia Bhatt is already on course to working with two of the hottest stars in Bollywood - Ranbir Kapoor (in Ayan Mukerji's untitled next) and Shahid Kapoor (Shaandar).
But unless something like a Lamhe (where Sridevi played both mother and daughter) happens to her, or a film like Nishabd where Jiah Khan wooed a much-older Amitabh Bahchcan, she stands to lose out on working with today's superstars - the three Khans, Akshay Kumar, Hrithik Roshan and Ajay Devgn - who are all in their mid or late-40s.
All her heroes (except Randeep who is in his 30s) so far are all in their 20s and just a few years older than her. And so far, she has played her age in her films. This, quite unlike her contemporary Sonakshi Sinha, who has been paired with Salman Khan, Akshay and Ajay right from the beginning of her career.
Alia's father, Mahesh Bhatt says, "It all depends on the narrative of the script. The question is: Can you make a credible pair of two people of different age frequencies? I don't see that unless it has been clearly defined. In a mainstream Bollywood film, it all depends on the vision of the filmmaker and his narrative which makes it obligatory for the casting to happen. If it doesn't, then there are chances of the senior actor-younger actress pairing being dismissed at the casting stage!"