text:
An in-phase/quadrature component (IQ) mixer is configured to reject returns from a negative doppler shift swath in order to mitigate corruption of returns of a positive doppler shift swath. The mixer includes a sample delay element which produces a quadrature component from the in-phase component of an input signal. Further included are a plurality of mixer elements, a plurality of low pass filters, a plurality of decimators, and a plurality of all pass filters which act upon both the in-phase and quadrature components of the input signal. Also, a subtraction element is included which is configured to subtract the filtered and down sampled quadrature component from the filtered and down sampled in-phase component.
1. A method for processing radar return data in order to reject returns from a negative doppler shift swath to mitigate corruption of returns from a positive doppler shift swath, the radar receiving returns at each of a right channel, a left channel, and an ambiguous channel, said method comprising:
sampling the radar data from each of the channels;
converting the radar data samples into in-phase and quadrature components;
separately filtering the in-phase and quadrature components of the radar data samples;
converting the filtered in-phase and quadrature components of the radar data samples to doppler frequency signals, using cascaded second order infinite impulse response filters;
separately filtering the in-phase and quadrature doppler frequency signals with band pass filters centered at the doppler frequency;
subtracting the quadrature components of the filtered doppler frequency signals from in-phase components of the filtered doppler frequency signals; and
determining phase relationships between the right, left, and ambiguous channels using the filtered in-phase and quadrature doppler frequency signal components, the quadrature components subtracted from the in-phase components.
2. A method according to
3. A method according to
4. A method according to
5. A radar signal processing circuit comprising:
a radar gate correlator configured to sample radar data at a sampling rate;
a correlation band pass filter filtering the sampled radar data and configured to stretch the sampled radar data to a continuous wave (CW) signal;
a mixer configured to generate a quadrature component of the CW signal using a sample delay element and further configured to down sample an in-phase component and the quadrature component of the CW signal to a doppler frequency, said mixer comprising at least one all pass filter and configured to subtract the filtered and down sampled quadrature component from the filtered and down sampled in-phase component; and
a band pass filter centered on the doppler frequency.
6. A radar signal processing circuit according to
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/144,744, filed May 13, 2002, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This invention relates generally to radar systems, and more specifically to a radar system which is capable of synchronization with a digital elevation map (DEM) to accurately determine a location.
The proper navigation of an aircraft in all phases of its flight is based to a large extent upon the ability to determine the terrain and position over which the aircraft is passing. In this regard, instrumentation, such as radar systems, and altimeters in combination with the use of accurate electronic terrain maps, which provide the height of objects on a map, aid in the flight path of the aircraft. Electronic terrain maps are well known and are presently used to assist in the navigation of aircraft.
Pulse radar altimeters demonstrate superior altitude accuracy due to their inherent leading edge return signal tracking capability. The pulse radar altimeter transmits a pulse of radio frequency (RF) energy, and a return echo is received and tracked using a tracking system. The interval of time between signal bursts of a radar system is called the pulse repetition interval (PRI). The frequency of bursts is called the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and is the reciprocal of PRI.
Radar illuminates a ground patch bounded by the antenna beam 10 from an aircraft 2.
In addition to the complexity, the precision and accuracy of the distance to a particular ground area or object has never been attained using an airborne radar processor.
In one aspect, an in-phase/quadrature component (IQ) mixer is provided. The mixer is configured to reject returns from a negative doppler shift swath in order to mitigate corruption of a positive doppler shift swath. The mixer comprises a sample delay element configured to produce a quadrature component, a plurality of mixer elements, a plurality of low pass filters electrically connected to outputs of the mixer elements, a plurality of decimators electrically connected to outputs of the low pass filters, a plurality of all pass filters electrically connected to outputs of the decimators, and a subtraction element electrically connected to outputs of the all pass filters. The mixer is configured to sample and filter both an in-phase component and a quadrature component of a received signal.
In another aspect, a method for processing radar return data is provided. The method allows rejection of radar returns from a negative doppler shift swath in order to mitigate corruption of radar returns from a positive doppler shift swath. The radar is configured to receive returns at each of a right channel, a left channel, and an ambiguous channel. The method comprises sampling the radar data from each of the channels, filtering the samples, converting the filtered samples to a doppler frequency, filtering the doppler frequency signals with a band pass filter, the filter centered at the doppler frequency, and determining a phase relationship between the right, left, and ambiguous channels using the filtered doppler frequency signals.
In still another aspect, a radar signal processing circuit is provided. The processing circuit comprises a radar gate correlator configured to sample radar data at a sampling rate, a correlation bass pass filter configured to stretch the sampled radar data to a continuous wave (CW) signal, and a mixer configured to generate a quadrature component of the CW signal using a sample delay element. The mixer is further configured to down sample an in-phase component and the quadrature component of the CW signal to a doppler frequency. The processing circuit further comprises a band pass filter centered on the doppler frequency.
There is herein described a combination Doppler radar/interferometer to navigate an aircraft 2 with respect to terrain features below aircraft 2. As used herein, aircraft is used to identify all flight platforms which may incorporate a radar system, including, but not limited to, jets, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles, missiles, and guided weapons. The radar also functions with an electronic map, sometimes referred to herein as a digital elevation map (DEM), in determining a position of aircraft 2. In addition to determining an altitude of aircraft 2, an XYZ location of the nearest object to aircraft 2 on the ground, with respect to aircraft 2 in a certain terrain area can be determined. As aircraft 2 is flying over terrain as shown in
In a general altitude range tracking radar, range is measured and indicated by measuring the time for transmitted energy to be reflected from the surface and returned. With reference to
Referring to
In an exemplary illustration, antenna R 42, along with processing systems (described below) will provide a course range search which roughly determines the range to the nearest point 48 in swath 12 (shown in
As illustrated in
It is known that aircraft do not typically fly in alignment with the aircraft body coordinates. Such a flight path is sometimes referred to as a line of flight. Therefore an aircraft which is flying with one or more of a pitch, roll, or yaw, and which has a hard mounted radar system, introduces an error element in a determination of target location, in body coordinates. As such radars typically operate with respect to the line of flight, a coordinate system with respect to the line of flight has been developed and is sometimes referred to as a doppler coordinate system.
Therefore, if aircraft 2 is flying with no pitch, roll, or yaw, the body coordinate system aligns with the doppler coordinate system. For a positive roll, Xm and Xd are still aligned, while Yd rotates below Ym and Zd rotates to the left of Zm. For a positive yaw, Xd rotates to the right of Xm, Yd rotates behind Ym, and Zd and Zm are aligned. For a positive pitch, Xd rotates above Xm, Yd aligns with Ym, and Zd rotates ahead of Zm. The complexity of having multiple of pitch, roll, and yaw, and determining a target position in aircraft body coordinates is apparent.
Data acquisition unit 206 provides a digital signal representative of the signal received at left antenna 202 to a left phase pre-processing unit 224. Similarly, representative signals are received at pre-processing units 226 and 228 from data acquisition units 222 and 212, respectively. Data acquisition units 206, 212, and 222 are configured, in one embodiment, to sample received signals, and thereby reduce the data to a rate which allows a relatively low speed computer to process digitized radar data. In one embodiment, pre-processing units 224, 226, and 228 perform a gate ranging function.
A phase processor 230 receives gated, filtered signals, representative of left, right, and ambiguity signals received at the antennas, and determines a phase relationship between each of the left and ambiguous signal, the right and ambiguous signals, and the right and left signals. The phase relationships between the signals are used, along with slant range, velocity and attitude readings in a phase ambiguity processing unit 232 to determine an interferometric angle to a target. A body coordinate processor 233 utilizes the interferometric angle to determine an XYZ position of, for example, an aircraft employing system 200 with respect to a current aircraft position, sometimes referred to herein as aircraft body coordinates.
A signal from data acquisition unit 222 is also received at an automatic gain control (AGC) unit 234. A signal from AGC unit 234 is passed to pre-processing units 236, 238, and 240. A filtered signal from pre-processing unit 236 is passed to range track processor 242 which provides a slant range signal to phase ambiguity processing unit 232 and altitude information. Pre-processing unit 238 passes a filtered signal to a range verification processor 244. Pre-processing unit 240 passes a filtered signal to a range level processor 246, which also provides a feedback signal to AGC 234.
In alternative embodiments, filter 304 is configured to filter range ambiguity spectrum lines, filter out-of-band interference signals and stretch the input signal, which is a pulse, to a continuous wave (CW) signal. Filter 304, in one embodiment, receives as input an output of gate/correlator 302 (shown in
A sample clock at 100 MHz provides samples at a 10 nsec rate. For example, a 4 μsec pulse repetition interval (PRI) (N=400 clocks per PRI) and two sample gate width, results in two non-zero gated return samples, x(0) and x(1), and 398 zero amplitude samples, x(2)−x(399), into correlation filter 304 during one PRI. In order to provide a filter of reasonable processing size and speed, the zero amplitude samples which do not affect filter output are not processed by filter 304. Therefore, past outputs, for example y(−2), required in the filter feedback configuration, as illustrated by delay elements 316 and 318, at the time of non-zero inputs are not available. These past outputs are calculated based on filter outputs generated during and directly after the previous return (the previous non-zero samples), and filter droop characteristics over a known pulse repetition interval.
In addition, one of the past outputs, y(−1), is not used because it has a feedback multiplier with a value of nearly zero in one embodiment of filter 304, because of the narrow 10 kHz bandwidth.
In one exemplary embodiment, where Fsample=100 MHz, center frequency=25 MHz, and Bandwidth=8 KHz, coefficients are calculated as K1=3979.873661, K3=3977.873661, and K2=0.9994974715. Let P=the number of samples in a PRI. Filter 304 starts calculating at the beginning of a gate width and continues for two counts after the end of the gate width. After the gate width +2 counts the next step is to calculate y(−2) and y(−1) and wait for x(P) data, the beginning of the next gate width, where x(P) is equivalent to x(0). Table 1 illustrates a general procedure for operation of filter 304, for low altitude radar data, track and phase gate of two sample widths, and a PRI of 400 μsec. The calculation for filter output y(0) requires filter output y(−2). The example of Table 2 example illustrates calculation of y(−2) where N=400, if PRI=4 μsec.
In one embodiment, y(399) becomes y(0) if a range gate is moved in an inbound direction. The resulting P becomes 399. If a range gate is moved in an outbound direction, y(1) becomes y(0), and the resulting P becomes 401. Algorithms for determination of y(4) through y(1) are used to formulate a general algorithm equation.
In addition to an example illustration of calculation of y(−2) with a P of 400 and a gate width of two clock counts, Table 2 also illustrates a general algorithm equation for counts (N) greater than three, (i.e. y(N)=(−K2)M�y(2), for N even and y(N+1)=(−K2)M�y(3), where M=(N(even)/2)−1.
In the embodiment described, for y(0) through y(3), the filter algorithm is calculated because new x(N) and/or y(N) data are available. After the y(3) algorithm calculation, y(398) and y(399) are calculated, and the filter algorithm is configured to wait for x(400) data, where x(400) is equivalent to x(0). If a range tracking algorithm dictates that x(0) be x(399), that is, the range gate causes the PRI to be shortened, then y(397) and y(398) are calculated. If the range tracking algorithm dictates that x(0) be x(401), that is, the range gate causes the PRI to be increased, then x(399) and x(400) are calculated. The signal phase is preserved by using the correct x(0) and y(−2). The PRI is not limited to 4 μsec and can have a wide range of values. The filter algorithm is configured to set the N counter to count to 400 on the next cycle unless the range tracking algorithm requires 399 or 401 counts. In general, a filter configured similarly to filter 304 is capable of removing up to about 95% of the mathematical operations that are required in known filter processing schemes.
Another exemplary embodiment of filter 304, for high altitude operation, incorporates a Barker code. Table 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment, with a chip width equal to four, a PRI of 4 μsec, and P=400. In the exemplary embodiment, a 13 bit Barker code is used, and inputs x(0) and x(1) are data, x(2) and x(3) are filled with zeros, x(4) and x(5) are data, x(6) and x(7) are filled with zeros, and the pattern continues until N is equal to 51. Generally, the algorithm for N greater than 51 is given as y(N)=(−K2)M�y(50), for N even, and y(N+1)=(−K2)M�y(51), where M=(N(even)−50)/2)−1.
In particular embodiments, a frequency of data received at mixer 306 is 25 MHz, and is referred to as an IF (intermediate frequency) signal. Mixer 306 in one embodiment, is configured to convert the 25 MHz IF signal to baseband (or Doppler) frequencies, and further configured to reject negative Doppler frequencies. In specific embodiments, mixers 322 and 332 are configured with PRIs which allow decimation of the signal from correlation bandpass filter 304 to a 25 kHz sample rate. Specifically, in the embodiment shown, the allowed PRIs include 200, 400, 500, 800, and 1000.
For purposes of description, a current input to low pass filter 324 is given as x1(0). A current output of the low pass filter 324 is then given as y1(0)=(1/K1)[x1(0)+x1(−1)]−[K2�y1(−1)], where x1(−1) and y1(−1) are respectively the previous input and output of the low pass filter 324. A current input to low pass filter 334 is given as x0(0). A current output of the low pass filter 334 is then given as y0(0)=(1/K1)[x0(0)+x0(−1)]−[K2�y0(−1)], where x0(−1) and y0(−1) are respectively the previous input and output of the low pass filter 334. K1 is 1+(1/tan(πfo/Fs2), and K2 is 1−(1/tan(πfo/Fs2), where fo is bandwidth and Fs2 is a sampling frequency of low pass filters 324 and 334. In one embodiment, the sampling frequency of low pass filters 324 and 334 is the received signal frequency, Fs1, of 100 MHz divided by the pulse repetition interval.
The signals output from low pass filters 324 and 334 are further down sampled at decimators 326 and 336. In one embodiment, decimators 326 and 336 are configured to sample at a frequency which is the pulse repetition interval multiplied by a sampling frequency, Fs3, of all pass filters 328 and 338, divided by the received signal frequency, or (PRI�Fs3)/Fs1.
In one specific embodiment, the above equation is applicable for all of filter elements 352, 354, 356, 358, 362, 364, 366, and 368 (shown in FIG. 9). The following are the coefficients for each filter element, the elements 352, 354, 356, 358, 362, 364, 366, and 368 being represented by a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h respectively, and BBfreq is the base band sampling frequency, and T is 1/BBfreq. In one embodiment, floating point precision is used.
Element a
A filtered output signal, Eo, is determined according to Eo=(A0/B0)�En−(A0/B0)�En�Z−2−(B1/B0)�Eo�Z−1(B2/B0)�Eo�Z−2. Referring specifically to filter 308, the input signal, En 422 is received and multiplied by a coefficient 424, with a value of A0/B0, and then applied to a summing element 426. The output of summing element 426 is filter output 428. Input 422 is also delayed two counts by a two sample delay element 430 whose output is multiplied by coefficient 432, with a value of A0/B0, and then applied to summing element 432.
Output 428 is multiplied by a sample delay element 434, whose output is multiplied by a coefficient 436, with a value of −B1/B0, and then applied to summing element 432. Output 428 is also multiplied by a two sample delay element 438, whose output is multiplied by a coefficient 444, with a value of −B2/B0, and then applied to summing element 432. Coefficients for filter 308 are determined according to Wb=2πB, which is bandwidth in radians, Wu=2π�(Fc+B/2), which is an upper 3 db point of filter 308 in radians, and Wl=2π�(Fc−B/2), which is a lower 3 db point of filter 308 in radians. The coefficient A0 is 2�Fs�Wb, B0 is (4�Fs2)+(2�Fs�Wb)+(Wl�Wu), B1 is (2�Wl�Wu)−(8�Fs2), and B2=(4�Fs2)−(2�Fs�Wb)+(Wl�Wu).
Referring specifically to processor 309, an antenna mounting angle and velocity vectors in body coordinates are input to determine a doppler velocity, Vr 460, at a range swath center frequency according to Vr=Vv�Cos(90−r−a)=Vv�Sin(a+r), where Vv=(Vx2+Vz2)0.5, where Vx=velocity component on body x axis and Vz=velocity component on body z axis, a=ATan(Vz/Vx), and r is the antenna mounting angle. A range swath center frequency, Fr 462 is determined according to Fr=2�Vr/L, where L is a wavelength, and in one specific embodiment, is 0.2291 feet. A velocity component on body y axis, Vy, is not used to center swath in antenna beam as the component has a value of zero since the antenna is fixed to a y axis of the body.
Processor 309 is also configured to determine a phase swath doppler velocity, Vp 464, which is delayed behind the range swath by a time equal to the range processing delay. Vp is calculated as Vp=Vv�Cos(90−(r−p)−a)=Vv�Sin(a+r−p), where Vv=(Vx2+Vz2)0.5, where Vx=velocity component on body x axis and Vz=velocity component on body z axis, a=ATan(Vz/Vx), r is the antenna mounting angle, and p=(T�Vx/H)�(180/π) in degrees, where T=1/πB and is a delay through range swath filter, T�Vx is vehicle movement on body X axis, B is the swath bandwidth, and H is altitude in feet. Phase swath center frequency 466 is calculated according to Fp=2�Vp/L, where L is a wavelength, and in one specific embodiment, is 0.2291 feet.
Processor 309 is configured to determine a track and phase swath bandwidth, B 468 according to B=Vx/(0.6(H)0.5) in hertz, where H is altitude in feet. A level and verify swath bandwidth 470 is calculated as a ratio of level and verify bandwidths to track and phase bandwidths, K, multiplied by track and phase swath bandwidth 468.
Together, filters 308 and processor 309 automatically configure the radar doppler filter center frequency and bandwidth to achieve better radar performance over varying terrain and varying aircraft altitude, roll, and pitch than known systems. The determined center frequency operates to maintain the radar swath at an approximate center of the antenna beam. The calculated bandwidth is a bandwidth that controls the track swath width on the ground, and is calculated such that the filter time constant is equal to the time it takes the vehicle to move a corresponding swath width distance. The bandwidth corresponds to a time over the target and provides information as to how long a second swath lags a first swath. Phase channel swaths are set behind in position to account for a processing time of range processor 242 (shown in FIG. 7). The calculations of center frequency and bandwidth provide a mechanism for keeping a swath slightly in front of the aircraft such that a positive doppler shift is realized.
In the embodiment shown, phase detector 510 is configured to receive ambiguous channel return data as input, with left channel return data as a reference, and further configured to determine and output a phase difference between the left and ambiguous channels. Phase detector 512 is configured to receive right channel return data as input, with ambiguous channel return data as a reference, and further configured to determine and output a phase difference between the ambiguous and right channels. Phase detector 514 is configured to receive right channel return data as input, with left channel return data as a reference, and further configured to determine and output a phase difference between the left and right channels.
In mathematical form, Y output 542 is calculated as Y=(AP1.1�AP2.2)−(AP1.2�AP2.1), X output 546 is calculated as X=(AP1.1�AP2.1)+(AP1.2�AP2.2), and the phase difference is ATAN (Y/X).
In one embodiment, in-phase filters 520 and 524 and quadrature filters 522 and 526 include the four cascaded second order infinite impulse response (IIR) filters as described in FIG. 10. Further, in the embodiment, filters 520 and 524 are configured to include in-phase filter elements 352, 354, 356, and 358, (shown in
Once phase differences between the right, left, and ambiguous channels has been determined, as described above, the phase differences are used, in one embodiment, to determine and interferometric angle to the target.
Phase ambiguity processing unit 232 includes a phase bias adjust unit 570 which provides a phase shift value which compensates for phase shifts which occur in the routing of the radar signals, from receipt at an antenna and through cabling and processing areas within aircraft 2. It is accepted that most phase shifting of signals occurs due to cabling for the routing of signals. Phase bias adjust 570 compensates for the ambiguous channel with respect to the left radar channel. Phase bias adjust 572 compensates for the right channel with respect to the ambiguous radar channel. Phase bias adjust 574 compensates for the right channel with respect to the left radar channel.
The compensated phase difference signals are received at a phase ambiguity resolver 576. In one embodiment, phase ambiguity resolver 576 is implemented using software, and determines a physical (interferometric) angle to a target which originally reflected the radar signals received. Phase ambiguity resolution is further described below. After resolution of phase ambiguous signals, the physical angle signal is filtered utilizing a low-pass filter 578, and an angular position of the target with respect to aircraft body coordinates (X,Y,Z) is determined from the physical angle to the target using body coordinates processor 233 (further described below). The determined position, in one embodiment, is 90 degrees minus a half angle of a cone whose axis is a Y-axis of the body of aircraft 2. The target is on the cone surface, therefore providing the subtraction from 90 degrees above described.
Table 4 is a phase ambiguity resolution matrix which is utilized, in one embodiment, to determine a physical angle to a target based upon electrical phase differences. A calculated electrical angle phase difference, θ, is equivalent to [(360�S)/λ]�sin(Φ) or K�sin(Φ), where Φ is the physical angle of the target in aircraft coordinates, S is a separation between the two antenna elements in feet, and λ is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet. In one particular embodiment, separation between the left antenna and the ambiguous antenna is 0.2917 feet (3.5 inches), separation between the ambiguous antenna and the right antenna is 0.7083 feet (8.5 inches), and the separation between the left antenna and the right antenna is 1 foot (12 inches). In the embodiment, the wavelength of the radar is 0.2291 feet. Therefore, in the embodiment, and referring to Table 4, K1 is (360�0.2917)/0.2291, or about 458.4, K2 is (360�0.7083)/0.2291, or about 1113.25, and K2 is (360�1)/0.2291, or about 1571.64. Physical angles are then determined according to Φ=sin−1(θ/K).
As antenna separation, radar wavelength, and aircraft position may all affect a timing of radar signals received at the various antennas, phase differences, which are determined as described above, will change at varying rates. In the embodiment illustrated in Table 4, physical angles are calculated for multiple electrical phase differences, and the true physical angle is a solution which provides approximately the same physical angle calculation, in each of the three rows (within a couple of degrees). Using the first antenna pairing (left and ambiguous), and based on antenna separation, three possible physical angles are determined from the electrical phase difference received from phase detector 510. As the second antenna pairing (ambiguous and right) are further apart, five possible physical angles are determined. The last antenna pairing (left and right) are the furthest apart, therefore seven possible physical angles are determined. As described above, one of the physical angles from each group of physical angle calculations, will be roughly equivalent, thereby providing an unambiguous physical angle solution. In such a system it is important to note that separation in antenna pairing cannot be a multiple of radar wavelength.
An example calculation is used to further illustrate. Inputs to doppler circle equation processor 620 include a range to target of 2000 feet, a velocity of 800 feet/second, a wavelength of 0.229 feet, and a doppler swath filter center frequency of 1213 Hertz. The angle with respect to the aircraft line of flight, β, is determined as b=cos−1((1213�0.229)/(2�800))=80 degrees. The doppler circle radius, Rd, is 2000�sin(80)=1969 feet, and distance of the doppler circle, Xd, is 2000�cos(80)=347 feet.
Again referring to
Again referring to
In one embodiment, transforming begins by a determination of a velocity vector in body coordinates, from navigation data, N, (in pitch, roll, and yaw) according to
Velocity unit vectors (direction cosines) are given in body coordinates as ax=Vx(Vx 2+Vy 2+Vz 2)1/2, ay=Vy/(Vx 2+Vy 2+Vz 2)1/2, and a Vz/(Vx 2+Vy 2+Vz 2)1/2.
Intersection processor 626 is configured to determine body coordinates which are calculated as X1=D�ax, Y1=D�ay, Z1=D�az, where the velocity vector D, is given as R�cos(β), and β=cos−1(Fc�L/2�V). B is the doppler cone angle, Fc is the swath filter center frequency, R is the range to the target, V is (Vx 2+VY 2+Vz 2)1/2 and L is the wavelength of the radar.
A position of the target in body coordinates is also calculated by intersection processor 626 as y=R�sin(A), where A=measured phase angle in body coordinates. The coordinate z is calculated as z=(−b�(b2−4ac)1/2)/(2�a), where a=1+(Z1/K1)2, b=(−4Z1�KT/(2X1)2), and c=(KT/2X1)2−KA. KA is calculated as (R�cos(A))2 KB is calculated as (R�sin (B))2, KY=(y−Y1)2, and KT is calculated as KT=KA+KY−KB+X1 2+Z1 2. The coordinate x is calculated according to x=(KA−z2)1/2.
While determining a position of a radar target with respect to, for example, an aircraft body, as described in detail above is necessary, it is also necessary in certain application to determine a range to a target. As is well known, in high altitude radar operations, it is possible that multiple radar transmit pulses will be transmitted before a return pulse is received. This is sometimes referred to as the ambiguous radar range problem.
In one embodiment, correlation is accomplished by implementation of a encoded radar scheme, and by looking for deviations in the return pulses from a reference, or starting altitude.
Verification processor 244 is configured to receive as inputs, a detected radar return, which has been gated and demodulated. Verification processor 244 also receives as input a present internal range to the target, and a command from the radar search logic to be in either of a search mode or an acquisition mode. Verification processor 244 is configured with a variable mainlobe threshold factor (described below) and a verification dwell time, which is the time processor 244 is allocated to determine if an amplitude of a return signal exceeds the threshold factor. A verify status output is set true of the amplitude of the radar return exceeds the threshold value, thereby signifying that the transmit radar pulses and return radar pulses are correlated. If not correlated, the verify status output is false, and processor 244 provides a corrected range position to range processor 242 (shown in FIG. 7).
If the threshold factor is not exceeded, the original acquisition is an acquisition on the main lobe of the return, and the transmit and return codes are aligned, and the internal range as determined by processor 244 is correct, resulting in a verification status being set 684 to verify.
If the threshold factor is exceeded, then the transmit and return codes have become aligned. If the internal range has been moved 686 more than two range gates, the process illustrated by flowchart 670 begins anew. If there is a less than two range gate movement 686, the search logic of the radar is set 688 to not verify, and is moved by the value of the counter, in order to align the transmit and receive barker codes. The process illustrated by flowchart 670 again begins. The continuous processing of encoded radar transmit and return signals by processor, provides a favorable solution to the known radar range ambiguity problem by constantly stepping through the codes to ensure receipt of an unambiguous radar range return.
In one embodiment, the above described verification processing for radar range ambiguity is applied continuously during flight, not just during initial acquisition. In utilization of such a system, the verification processing is applied in order to resolve range ambiguity during acquisition, but the processing is continuously applied after acquisition, throughout the flight. The continuous processing is done in order to ensure that if the transmit and received pulses become misaligned (loose correlation) the misalignment will both detected and corrected. Loss of correlation could occur due to, for example, a range discontinuity due to severe aircraft rolls or a sudden change in terrain (i.e. flying over a cliff).
The verification processing is further illustrated through an example. In one embodiment, a phase code is used to resolve radar range ambiguities and particularly a 13 bit phase code provides 20�log(13) or 22 dB of rejection to range sidelobes. However, if verification processor 244 should, for some reason, line itself on an ambiguous side lobe, even if the mainlobe is for example 22 dB higher in amplitude, verification processor 244 will stay aligned with the sidelobe as long as there is a greater than 22 dB sensitivity margin. As stated above, one such example is flying over a sharp and deep cliff where a maximum radar track rate is less than a rate at which the range changes over the cliff. However, in practice, and assuming an ambiguous range sidelobe is lined up, a transition to a decreased sensitivity margin will normally result in a less than sufficient margin to track the ambiguous range side lobe. Examples include flying over poor reflectivity ground or encountering a severe aircraft roll. The result is verification processor 244 realigning into a proper and unambiguous line up onto the main lobe. Thus an ambiguous radar range does, after some time, normally correct itself. However, and especially with auto pilot systems, severe and dangerous aircraft altitude corrections will result during the time of this very undesirable ambiguous range condition.
The method illustrated in flowchart 670 resolves the above illustrated situation by continuously searching for the main lobe, while tracking what is believed to be the correct position, or lobe. If during the ambiguity processing, or verification background search, it is determined that an ambiguous range is being tracked, an immediate correction is made to get the radar onto the correct range (i.e. the main lobe). To detect if the radar is on an ambiguous range track, the 20LogN equation is utilized to continuously determine differences between the main lobe, and undesired side lobes.
The above described methods and systems describe a digital signal processing solution to known radar target position and range ambiguity problems. Use of digital signal processing techniques therefore enables a radar system to perform faster and more accurate airborne processing than known radar ambiguity solutions. While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modifications within the spirit and scope of the claims.
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North Carolina lawmakers passed Senate Bill 315 in August. The bill allows residents to place political signs in the right-of-ways of state-maintained roads. It's a change that trumps many municipal ordinances that previously ruled against right-of-way signs along state highways and streets.
The law does not prohibit any signs on controlled access highways, such as Interstate 40 and Interstate 77.
Thriving in pain in the third set against Bandys, Newton-Conover senior volleyball player Isabella Zaliagiris fought through an injury.
The senior drove down 27 kills in Monday's CVAC volleyball final, leading the Lady Red Devils to a 3-1 victory over the Lady Trojans in the rubber match between the two schools.
"I got a cramp," Zaliagiris said. "My head was still in the game and my heart was still in the game. I just wanted to get my cramp cleared up so I could get back on the floor as soon as possible. I wanted nothing more than to beat Bandys."
John W. Bass Jr., 42, of Newton, died Tuesday, Oct. 18, 2011 at Catawba Valley Medical Center. The Bass family has entrusted the funeral arrangements to Willis-Reynolds Funeral Home & Crematory in Newton.
Helen Dorothy Lamkin Hosfeld, 72, of Highland Bluff Court, Lincolnton, died Tuesday, Oct. 18, 2011 at Catawba Valley Medical Center in Hickory. Burke Mortuary in Maiden is serving the Hosfeld Family.
New businesses may locate in Sherrills Ford in the near future after the county approved a rezoning request Monday night.
Catawba County Commissioners rezoned land along N.C. 150 in Sherrills Ford on Monday for commercial usage. The property owner's early plans indicate the land may be developed for retail, financial or medical uses.
The county's annual vigil for child homicide victims is always an emotional event.
Hearing the name "Zahra" this year struck a special nerve with most in attendance.
On Tuesday, the Children's Advocacy and Protection Center (CAPC) remembered 20 child homicide victims that were killed by a parent or guardian in 2011.
The names included 10-year-old Zahra Baker.
Zahra is the Australian girl who traveled to Catawba County at age 7 to live with her father, Adam Baker. She was killed by Adam's partner, Elisa Baker, in September 2010.
For the first time in eight years, Newton will have a new mayor in November.
Newton Mayor Robert Mullinax is not seeking re-election this fall, and both candidates vying for the position bring new ideas to the table.
Anne Stedman, Newton's current mayor pro-tem and owner of the Trot House Inn, wants to reinvent downtown. Wes Weaver, Newton Merchants Association president and business entrepreneur, wants progress in Newton and hopes to bring more businesses into the area.
Both candidates say job growth is essential to the city's future.
Candidates running for Conover City Council point to growth — both in jobs and services — as a key to the city's prosperity in the future.
Six candidates are competing for three open seats on the city council as early voting begins Thursday. Most of the candidates say the economy's impact on businesses and residents is the biggest issue facing the city and its board in the next four years.
After councilwoman Penny Corpening withdrew from the council race last month, Kyle Hayman and Don Beal are the only two incumbents running for re-election.
The last time Newton-Conover and Bandys met on the soccer field, the Red Devils blew out the Trojans 7-2 on the road.
On Monday, Bandys played much better but still was unable to get over the hump, dropping a difficult 3-0 game at Gurley Stadium.

subset: commoncrawl


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Genetic Counseling Center - Skokie, IL
Skokie Geneticist, Ph.D. Doctors for Genetic Counseling
Type of Physician: Geneticist, Ph.D.
What is a Geneticist, Ph.D.?
A certification by the Board of Medical Genetics; practitioners work in association with a medical specialist, are affiliated with a clinical genetics program, or serve as a consultant to medical and dental specialists.
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Israel has lifted its ban on the iPad.
The Communications Ministry announced Saturday evening that it will allow personal imports of the Apple iPad into the country.
Since its release two weeks ago, Israeli customs officials had been confiscating the device from Israelis entering the country. Officials said the devices were banned because they did not meet Israel's wireless specifications and could place a strain on the wireless Internet in Israel.
But a report in Time magazine suggested that the reason might have more to do with personal politics: iDigital, Apple's sole official Israeli importer, is owned by Chemi Peres, son of Israeli President Shimon Peres, and the ban might have been about protecting his monopoly.
A Communications Ministry statement released Saturday said, "The scrutiny conducted by the Ministry technical team vis-à-vis Apple's team, International laboratory and European counterparts confirmed that the device which could be operated in various standards will be operated in Israel in accordance to the local standards."
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Gina Bellman is an actress from New Zealand who has a net worth of $3 million. Gina Bellman gained her net worth through appearing in several British productions. She's currently appearing in the TNT show, Leverage. Born in Auckland, Bellman and her family moved to Britain when she was eleven. By the age of 16, she made her acting debut in ITV's children series Into the Labyrinth. She also appeared in two episodes of BBC's school drama Grange Hill. The mum-of-one made a name for herself for her performance in Dennis Porter's, Blackeyes and BBC's award-winning comedy sitcom, Coupling. Since then, Bellman became a regular in notable British productions, including Jonathan Creek, Waking the Dead and Jekyll, as well as making TV guest appearances on comedy classic Only Fools and Horses. From 2008, Bellman stars alongside Timothy Hutton in the TV series Leverage. Since joining the show, Bellman received a Saturn Award nomination for best actress in television. Bellman, who once dated actor Sam Rockwell, also made a name for herself on the big screen: she appeared in several feature films including King David starring Richard Gere and Edward Woodward.
Gina Bellman
Gina Bellman is a New Zealand-born British actress who starred in the series Leverage as Sophie Devereaux, for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress in Television, but lost to fellow New Zealand alumna Lucy Lawless.
Date of Birth
- July 10, 1966
- Gina Bellmanová
- Беллман, Джина
- British Jews
- 5 ft 6 in (1.69 m)
- New Zealand
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- Everything I LikeAnn
- Leon the Pig FarmerLisa
- Married UnmarriedAmanda
- ParanoidEve
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- Secret FriendsHelen


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Tamil Nadu began releasing 350 cusecs water to the Chitturpuzha irrigation project area from Tuesday following an SOS sent by Kerala officials of the Joint Water Regulatory Board (JWRB) of the inter-State Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) to save standing paddy crops. Tamil Nadu had reduced the release from 400 tmcft to 200 tmcft during the fortnight beginning December 16.
However, the Kerala officials said this was a stop-gap arrangement for four to five days, taken at the official level. They said unless the Tamil Nadu government gave a directive to its officials, the supply of the additional 150 cusecs of water would stop next week. In that case, a large acreage of paddy crops spread across 45,000 acres would be lost.
The Kerala government had last week taken up at the ministerial level the demand to release more water from the PAP to Chittur.
However, no decision had been taken by Tamil Nadu, JWRB officials said.
Earlier, Tamil Nadu had rejected Kerala's demand to release 1,750 tmcft of water. Instead, it decided to release 600 tmcft from December 16 to January 31 to save the standing paddy crop in the Chitturpuzha irrigation scheme. The Tamil Nadu government had also rejected the demand put forth by Kerala to convene an urgent meeting of the JWRB to discuss the issue. They said the next meeting of the JWRD would be held only in February next.
Crop damage
Farmers in Chittur, the rice bowl of Palakkad, have spent huge amounts of money on paddy cultivation. Now they face the threat of drying up of the entire crop. This would push them into a debt trap, said leaders of the Desheeya Karshaka Samajam.
The farmers said the Parambikulam group of reservoirs had a total storage of 4 tmcft. Tamil Nadu can release 1.75 tmcft to save the paddy crop in Chittur. The farmers alleged that the State government had failed to pressure Tamil Nadu to honour the PAP agreement and give its due share of 7.25 tmcft at the Manacadavu weir for Chittur annually.
The Parambikulam-Aliyar Jala Samrakshana Samithy took out a protest march to the office of the Chief Engineer of the Chitturpuzha irrigation project on Tuesday demanding release of water from Kampalathara though the Left Bank Canal of the PAP to the grama panchayat areas of Perumatty, Pattancherry, Nandiyod, Vandithavalm and Thathamangalm to save paddy crop in 2,000 acres of land.


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App Store reaches over 700,000 apps, average consumer uses 100 apps
The App Store now houses over 700,000 apps total with over 250,000 of them being designed for the iPad according to Apple today at their iPhone 5 event. More than that, the average consumer actively uses 100 unique apps on their iOS devices.
Even more astounding is that 90% of those 700,000 apps are downloaded every month. Those are some pretty amazing numbers for any prospective developers.
Image Credit: The Verge
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How much wave/swell is too much?
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Re: How much wave/swell is too much?
It is more about the crew than the waves to a point. As long as you are not beating into them 8 foot with a reasonable period should be no issue, but add a broken tiller or tangled line and you are all of a sudden in trouble and often quite quickly. This is why people so often preach where PDFs and don't drink because things can change so quickly. Go from bopping along, to breaking things in seconds. I have never sailed a Pearson 30, but have always thought they were really beautiful boats, and well made by most accounts. That narrow beam will come in handy when the waves get big and snotty, as you won't be pounding into them! Keep in mind that even though the Great Lakes are fresh water, they can get as rough as the ocean, so your experiences out there will serve you well if you head to the coasts. Things can really kick up out of no where on Lake Michigan.
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January 17, 2013
As a movie junkie, I have a great sense of movie history. I can talk about D.W. Griffiths, how Hollywood is holding up the national economy (and controls all popular culture), Melvin Van Peebles and "block booking" all day. Unfortunately as a junkie, I have to involve myself in the muck of all the greatness to better understand it — therefore, I am a sucker for awards shows. I know they're self-congratulatory — most of them boring and can be downright infuriating when the envelopes are open. So when Ben Affleck walked away from the 2013 Golden Globes last weekend, I swallowed a bittersweet pill. It was not hard to feel gratification for him in such glaring FAIL.
Affleck has now joined the list of the annual Academy Award "Snub List" — and one of the more memorable ones. The former better-half of Bennifer Version 1.0 has settled in nicely as one of the premier American filmmakers with three straight hits; "Gone Baby Gone," "The Town" and political film-within-a-film "Argo." Despite the lack of accurate (and Canadian) point of view, Affleck's world is a truly gripping thriller made with a quiet hand and was definitely one of the better films of the year. Sunday night's Golden Globes ceremony made a direct statement of independence against the event's bigger brother — letting the Academy know loud and clear about their boneheaded decision to exclude him from their list of nominated directors days before.
This is not the first time the Academy Awards inspired head-scratching behavior. I am sure some of you did a double-take when romantic-comedy "Shakespeare in Love" walked away with Best Picture over the more-powerful "Saving Private Ryan." How many of you spit out the beverage of your choice when "Ordinary People's" melodramatics beat out "Raging Bull's" raw brutality? My favorite is "Citizen Kane" being nearly shut out completely and pushed over in favor of "How Green Was My Valley" — damn you William Randolph Hearst. Still, if you wanted to end Orson Welles' career, "The Maltese Falcon" did not have to suffer for it.
This year promises to be one of the more political awards seasons in quite a while, giving Academy voters different options to comment on America in the wake of Obama's re-election. Up against "Argo's" take on foreign policy is an urgent drama about the hunting down of Osama bin Laden, Kathryn Bigelow's "Zero Dark Thirty" (who was also not nominated for Best Director despite winning in 2009); another which draws parallels between this presidency and the 16th, Steven Spielberg's "Lincoln"; and even a fiction which grapples cathartically with the issue Lincoln fought to address, Quentin Tarantino's slavery-revenge Western "Django Unchained." The "O" is for Obama in 2013 (Along with "Argo" and "Zero" — "Lincoln" is a push.)
Bookies may have to lengthen those "Lincoln" odds just a bit since "Argo"s hopes of the Best Picture Oscar no longer look dead in the water. Only three times in Academy history has a widow nominee (without a director nod) won the main prize — "Wings" (1929), "Grand Hotel" (1932) and "Driving Miss Daisy" (1989). "Argo" could easily join them, though — it's the first serious contender since the category was expanded to include up to 10 nominees. Those who love "The Dark Knight Rises" are angry reading those words.
Of course — as a movie junkie, I will be looking at dresses, examining speeches and shaking my head in awe that reminds me of the time Al Pacino's performance in "Scent of a Woman" beat out Denzel Washington's larger-than-life "Malcolm X." It will be a great party.
… Speaking of "Bennifer," one word for Jennifer Lopez: "Ilovemywife."


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UAAP cancels Tuesday's juniors hoops
More News from Mark Giongco
More News from INQUIRER.net
MANILA, Philippines — The UAAP will push its juniors games slated Tuesday (August 20) to a later date as Metro Manila was hit by torrential rain caused by Typhoon "Maring."
UAAP secretary-treasurer Ma. Luisa Isip of host Adamson advised Monday that the scheduled four-game bill at the Blue Eagle Gym is cancelled.
A new schedule for the games, which pits Far Eastern University against University of the Philippines integrated School, University of Santo Tomas against Ateneo, University of the East against National University and Adamson against De La Salle Zobel, will be announced later.
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Narrow your search
After a series of movies based on the "Resident Evil" series of zombie-fighting games, German production house Constantin Film is bringing "Resident Evil" to a TV set near you.
You can buy your own iMac aquarium (or lamp or eMac clock) online from Jake Harms, who turned a DIY hobby into a business.
Etihad is upping the ante on sky-high technology in its A380s with the launch of a three-room cabin known as The Residence, complete with big screen TVs and a private butler.
It's always good to have extra battery power in your pocket. Get some with this week's prize, a portable pack from Ventev that can charge two devices at once.
Rereleases highlighted as one of the company's "key business activities."
The Moov fitness band doesn't just track steps and calories, it gives real-time coaching. If you're lucky, you could get one free.
Adding more memory to your computer is one of the fastest ways to increase its performance. And giving away free memory is one of the fastest ways to make our readers happy.
We all know your life needs more Jean Claude Van Damme and Kevin Smith. You're in luck because you can watch them for free online.
More gray-matter munchies and murder mysteries lie ahead for Liv and her pals as "iZombie" is greenlit for a second season on The CW Network.
The Baltimore police union launches an effort to raise money for legal fees, but the fund-raising site says no go. It's the latest campaign involving alleged police misconduct that's been shuttered.


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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
Doody's Review ServiceReviewer: Alvin Telser, PhD (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)
Description: This is a methods book that describes how to place about 15 different cell types into tissue culture and how to create cell lines from them. The majority of cell types described originate from human tissues.
Purpose: The purpose is to provide the experienced researcher with the details of techniques and procedures for creating a variety of immortalized cell cultures. These are very worthwhile objectives, and each chapter is well written to serve its intended purpose.
Audience: The book is written at an advanced level for experienced researchers in general and those scientists experienced in tissue culture. The intended target audience is appropriate for this book. Each chapter is written by one or a small group of experts in the field.
Features: This book contains an adequate number of tables and diagrams. The reproductions of the phase contrast light micrographs are rather poor, rendering them nearly useless as a guide to the user of the procedures. There are several very nice features in this volume. A comprehensive list of abbreviations appears at the beginning of the book. Each chapter has a list of special equipment or reagents and suppliers. Assays or other characteristics to confirm characteristics of the desired cell type are included in nearly every chapter. A separate chapter on tissue culture precautions is helpful. In general, the book is well produced.
Assessment: This well-done book should be useful to experienced researchers who may wish to establish immortalized cell lines. Individuals who may find this book useful would be well advised to purchase their own copy. Life science libraries should find that this will be a frequently used reference volume and should consider stocking it on their shelves.


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Earth-drilling science vessel studied at New Rochelle Public Library
Children and parents learned about the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling Resolution, or JOIDES, America's only research vessel dedicated to scientific ocean drilling, during "Uncovering the Earth's Secrets" during Saturday's BID Science Day at the New Rochelle Public Library. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, an international marine research program, uses the scientific drilling ship in its research. (April 6, 2013)
Long Island goes to the prom 2015 Best bets this weekend on Long Island 50 must-have summer toys for every kid 100 things to do with kids on LI Lady Antebellum, other weekday best bets on LI Meet 148 of Long Island's valedictorians LIers celebrate Memorial Day Ducks vs. Riversharks 12 secrets of North Shore Animal League Chris Weidman behind the scenes from UFC 187 Suffolk Class AA semifinals: Comsewogue vs. Bayport-Blue Point Suffolk Class AA semifinals: Ward Melville vs. East Islip


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Lake Bemidji State Park
The Park is located 7 miles north on Hwy. 21 overlooking Lake Bemidji. I recommend walking along the Bog Trail. This trail is a boardwalk that wanders through marsh land until you get to Big Bog Lake. If you look closely you'll see wild orchids growing and wild lady slippers along Bog Trail.
Check out my travelogue for Lake Bemidji State Park
Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox
Do people outside of the U.S. (or outside of Minnesota for that matter) know about the legend of the mighty lumberjack Paul Bunyan and his loyal sidekick Babe, the great blue ox?
from www.newnorth.net/~bmorren/bunyan.html:
Paul and Babe
Paul rescued Babe, as a calf, from drowning during the Winter of Blue Snow. Babe grew to be twenty-four axe handles and a plug of tobacco wide between the eyes and as a snack would eat thirty bales of hay...wire and all. Babe was so strong that he could pull anything that had two ends, except Paul (Paul could never be pulled, and he could only be pushed so far). It is said that it took a crow a full day to fly from the tip of one horn to the other. Paul once used Babe to straighten out thirty miles of crooked town road. When all the twists and curves were pulled straight there were an extra twelve miles of road left over. Paul rolled it all up and gave it back to the town to use elsewhere.
- Road Trip
Another day draws to a close at Lake Bemidji
Do you know anyone that does not enjoy a sunset? What is it about the sun going down that quickens the blood. Is it the anticipation of a new day or is it the excitement that night brings. In evolutionary terms, we are not far removed from people who had to brave the dangers of the night. Who would live to see the morning was always a pertinent question. In past and present times our most exuberant revelries have been reserved for the night. But even when we have nothing more exciting planned than a simple home cooked meal and maybe a few hours with a good book--the setting of the sun stirs something in the nooks of our primordial brians.
- Road Trip
Beltrami County Courthouse
My nomadic lawyerly travels have never brought me so far afield such as I've had to argue a case at this courthouse. It will cost the client plenty if I ever have to. But what a beautiful building. It is nice that many of these treasures are still around and still used for the purpose for which they were built.
- Road Trip
Native American culture
Northern Minnesota is populated by many Native Americans. They own vast tracts of land and maintain fishing rights on many lakes--some exclusively.
I'm not sure what to make of the Indian on the right--it looks a bit like a caricature. But if it was deemed to be offensive by local Native American populations I would guess that it would have been removed long ago.
There are shops in Bemidji which sell Native American art.
- Road Trip
Itasca State Park
You can cross the Mississippi River, at the source, before it goes on to the Gulf of Mexico. When we were here, however, there had been alot of rainfall, and everything in this picture was two feet under water, it made for a very fun & unique visit! =)
- Cycling
Bemidji State University
BSU is the only university situated along the shoreline of a lake in Minnesota. It is a truly beautiful campus with the lake & soaring pine trees. They even rent canoes, mountain bikes, and camping equpiment so people can really experience the outdoors. BSU also has some outstanding & unique programs...a wonderful school!
Water front, Itasca State...
Water front, Itasca State Park, the Old Schoolhouse
Statues of Paul Bunyan and Babe the blue ox as well as the information center and small museum.
Itasca state park and the source of the Mississippi River
an old schoolhouse that has been renovated and holds many of the areas arts and crafts on display and for sale
- Cycling
Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox
This is very much a big attraction to Bemidji. They have been located in Paul Bunyan Park since their erection in 1937.
Lake Bemidji
Look beyond Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox and see the wonderful Lake Bemidji. Walk along the mIn road and see where Lake Bemidji and The Mississippi River meet.
Lake Itasca State Park
This park marks the starting point of the mighty Mississippi River; its headwaters starting in Lake Itasca. You'll also find over 32,000 acres of wooded forest and beautiful countryside.
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Frazier. His Hawaii showing should increase his market value and speed his rise to the majors. A hot month or two in AA and a promotion to AAA would be in store for him. Once he's at AAA, the promation to Cincy could occur any time. I have he and Alonso really close at 1 and 2. Soto is a close third. IMO those three are clearly superior to the others. Stubbs and Lotzkar are probably next.
If Homer Bailey were still eligible, he'd still be choice for number 1.


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This is an Adobe DRM-protected ePUB. Make sure you have all you need to begin reading today!
First time? Click here before you buy. >
Must-have Software/App for devices >
This is the story of two real people whose lives were touched by God: two people chosen by God to provide an earthly home for His Son. Here are Mary and Joseph-a teenage girl and a young carpenter-alone, frightened, in love, faced with family conflict, a hostile world and an awesome responsibility. It is a story for young and old alike; for everyone who finds the Christmas tale a source of timeless beauty and wonder, a compassionate, emotional novel of divine love


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$99 95
AutoKrypt is data-encryption software designed for automation. Automatically encrypt or decrypt files and folders on a schedule. Encryption methods include password-based, secret key, public key, and private key, OpenPGP password, and Open PGP public and private key.
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Posted January 6, 2011
This book is a fantastic Romantic Suspense which keeps you guessing even at the end. A definite must read with plenty of twists and turns and surprises.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.


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From the world's surf community, to Sandy
Please help.
Like SURFING on Facebook
Kaoli Kahokuloa vs. Luke Marks vs. Elijah Gates vs. Kanoa Igarashi vs. Cam Richards vs. Colin Moran vs. Taylor Clark
Watch. Vote. Decide who wins the grom fight!
Friends in all the right places
Taj, Yadin, Julian, Kolohe, and Mick make cameos
Chas is the official founder of the IBofSDSR
Is your brand aloha approved?
A brief interview with The Champion about growing up in Florida, his influences of yesterday and today.
See if you made the cut!
Hurricane Sandy and NC meet in a beautiful display of affection
Young Conner reaps the rewards
No, we have not committed the spelling of his last name to memory
Matt stars in his own series, Garfield Sessions
Who are the USA's best young surfers?
They rummaged, they found.
Three free surfs during the O'neill Coldwater Classic
How dreamy
Indians and Pilgrims gather to give thanks
Let us pray. Thank you for this bounty we are about to receive…
Choose your adventure or partake in all three
Haleiwa delivers
Kelly Slater had hair once
His dominance is still as enigmatic as it used to be
Treat a woman right and you shall be rewarded
Leslie dished out her fair share of gifts during this swell.
Barrels and blackjack
Fear & Loathing in Atlantic City
Where was Kelly on this trip?
He might have been in the bathroom at Pat O'Connell's house
The East Coast can offer up some pleasent surprises
Here's a peak into our East Coast issue


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Publishers Weekly
Unlike the protagonist of Walters's novel, Vance may not be suffering from a split personality. Still Vance's cabinet of voices-each with its own timbre, character, accent and persona-accurately reflects the multifaceted aspect of Walters's book. Her hero, a wounded British veteran of the war in Iraq who returns home with no recollection of his service, is carefully documented through doctors' accounts and conversations with family members and others. Vance is a gifted enough mimic that one occasionally forgets that all these voices are emerging from the same throat. Some of the nuance-of British class and education, or lack thereof, as coded in the relative width or narrowness of vowels and consonants-may be lost on some American listeners, but it demonstrates Vance's expertise. Simultaneous release with the Knopf hardcover (Reviews, Nov. 26, 2007). (Jan.)Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


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Savage Model 64 Rimfire Rifle
What do you think about this video?
Флецктарн Фалкен: I had one. Had is the keyword here. The mags were crap potmetal that died
after 1000-1500 rounds through them, the mag release was horrendous if you
left the mag in for too long, it was awful trying to take it apart for the
first time, the screws stripped even though I did everything correctly,
there was zero aftermarket, and the the barrel got scratches and gouges in
it EXTREMELY easily.
I sold mine after 2000 or so rounds, and wouldn't recommend it.
Daegan Jones: look at the feed ramp man the magazine ramp is above the guns feed ramp. Wont work with hollows very well. i hope mine comes out to be as good as yours!
Peyton P: I bought my savage rifle same as this no problems, shoots hollow points great that's the majority of bullets I have shot through my rifle
Garron Deason: My only issue with this rifle is you can only buy the Savage 10rd mag, You cannot buy any bigger magazines, and the only ones that fit are the Savage ones.
Les Rinehart: mine works great with hollow points
Nick Vevang: if you aint got one get one, one thing i wish for the model 64 is more customization, although the wood stock variant is effin sweet.
Joe Figueroa: This is a very good rifle for the money. Easy to clean, accurate, and affordable. The only gripe I have is the feed ramp is too low from the chamber causing feed failures when using hollow points. The magazine's feed lip is also kind of rough but easily fixed with a rat tail file. Buy one.
Les Rinehart: atta boy. do more on it. just bought 1
nurseguy7581: keep it in my truck. had it since 2002.
ParasidicGeneration: have one and love it i keep it behind the door
anthony gallant: Love this gun for a 22 lr I can hold 6.5 inch gripes at 200 yards with it after a trigger job
Pierre-Olivier Boucher: For a 125$ gun I dont mind when mine fails to fire once on 40 shot. Nice overall. crapty original sight and wont rust if not cleaned for a full year ( been there done that). Nice cheap and price/quality gun
joel dominguez: beautiful
mrxray741: At Walmart
mrxray741: I got mine for 107
MrDeathd: The last time i had one the trigger broke three times, then the barrel lug broke off the barrel but this was when they firdt came out first run
badbob85037: clean it
jarod445: i bought one of these and was NOT happy, wouldnt feed a damn thing, not incredibly accurate, and the sights were bent. bought it BRAND NEW. would never buy a savage again, ive had 4 of them and all of them had issues. get a marlin instead
shawnsutube: Savage 22
deltasevenma7: I love savage. After I bought my first savage model 10 I can say I don't plan on buying any more hunting rifles that arent savage.
Bill Lloyd: My savage 64 is more reliable than my friends marlin model 60 especially once the carbon fouling builds up. But I do have to say the tube magazine on the 60 is nicer not having to reload as often. The 64 is as accurate as the trigger will allow. If you exercise good trigger control its capable of driving tacks. At 100 yards I can get 1" or less groups if I really concentrate. Love it for the $169 price tag (w/4x scope)
biggyrat57: Love both of mine. Iron sights are very accurate. Also have one with a Nikon .22lr BDC reticle. Best 22 's I own.Out shoot my 10/22's and Marlins. I don't own any high end like anschutz or Ruger 77/22 in .22lr. have my eyes on a CZ522 though.
Dante Magz: My favorite .22 round for the savage model 64 is blazers. They feed the best, and are most accurte.
BisquikXLT: @millerusaf How about this idea? Mount three lasers on a AR to give it the Predator effect.
Gary Jordan: Nice!
cbarsonfire: Another old rifle that can be had for under 100 bucks is the Marlin Glenfield Model 60. The rifle has been in production since around 1960. Rifles made in the early 60s to the mid 1980's allowed 18 .22 rounds in the tube. Mid 80s the limit was changed to hold only 15 rounds. Over 11 million were made, so they can be often found at gun shows for dirt cheap.
MikeTango6: I also have one got it at Wal-Mart 124.00 out the door got it a few week ago great shooter, just have alot of magazines because they only make 10 rounders for them..
elToro Americano: Thanks miller this seems like a good alternative to 10/22. Here in california The lowest I can find a 10/22 in my city is $199
Tim Moore: @DManitouMan EXCEPT Winchester, I hate Winchester.
OmegaIsNear: I always didn't like the look of the savage although I never shot one, I'll have to reconsider after this review!
biggyrat57: mine is extraordinarily accurate. and i use iron sights. mine likes fiocchi and cci both best. great trigger too.
ProjectVIN: I've been a fan of yours and I own 3 guns: Ruger P95, Savage 64 & and Mossberg 500. Alike thinking of great minds!
orng1: Everyone should own a quality 22.
huntwithairguns: @blaziankhmer Nothing, but apparently the point of this video flew right over your head. Not everyone can afford a 10/22 believe it or not, and you can get this rifle for $130 new.
Bhromm001: can u mount a rail for a bipod on this gun
blaziankhmer: what's wrong with a 10/22? bulk pack federals, 2500 rounds without cleaning and it was flawless.
killinpigs: I've found mags at Gander for about $20.00, and I ordered two extra from Savage for about $14.99 each. Not bad. Excellent little rifle.
BisquikXLT: Sweet rifle. I've always been a fan of the 25/06.
MikeTango6: I own one of these and love this model Savage ..
Repquarium: hey there i am getting this rifle myself and i would be happy to see more videos of you shooting or more reviews. :)
Steve Thompson: The mags for this rifle are rubbish. I had to file down the feed lips on the magazine cuz it kept failing to feed. But a great gun.
Michael Harrington: ONLY $130.00? I feel lucky to have paid only $109.00 for my 64F at Bass Pro in California last June!! Still having a hard time finding any ammo for it, though. Then I bought a Remington 597 last month and it was $175.00 with a limit of 325 rounds of Federal .22lr and I thought that was a steal! Prices have gone crazy which is why I'll never own a Ruger 10/22...way out there!!! My 64 has a scope and that rifle is so accurrate right out of the box, just like Savage rifles should be.GO AIR FORCE!
Bruce Valentine: cheaper than dirt :)
HabsGeorge: How much was wood stock one?
kijf5: at academy they come with a scope
ZombieMasterEd25: @REDNECKFURYFTW dude i kno the law please dont troll cause of that obvious fact. and really so what... its not ur problem stop looking for a pat on the back nobody cares its 2012!
Scorpiuszeroone: Good looking rifle!
Chad Hedges: Miller you should look at the BSA mil-dot scopes great deal they also have a AO , thanks for posting man.
Art Warmanen: I have one and like it. No problems with CCI ammo !
huntwithairguns: @daneinskeep How so? You can order them from MidwayUSA.
Savage Model 64 Rimfire Rifle 4.9 out of 5


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If you have a child who gets bored in class, Travis Allen could serve as an inspiration.
Read more
The ability of children living in the Kansas City Public Schools district boundary to transfer to other districts now rests in the hands of a Jackson County judge — at least for now.
The Des Moines public school district announced thta Amy Wiegmann has been named the new principal of Brubaker Elementary School, and Scott Nichols is the new principal of Windsor Elementary School. Wiegmann is currently the school improvement leader at Smouse Opportunity School and Nichols is the dean of students at River Woods Elementary School.
Many school districts across Kentucky are charging students more for lunch this year to comply with a federal mandate to offer more fresh produce.
A California school district is shouldering $1 billion in interest on a $105 million bond in a deal intended to defer most of the payments for 35 to 40 years.
The Midwest has lost more than 2,100 public schools in recent years as school districts hammered by population loss scrambled to shift students and save money.
Black children in five Florida school districts are suspended from school, arrested at school or given other punishments at a higher rate than other students, according to a federal civil rights complaint filed on Tuesday.
A new law aimed at protecting student-athletes from concussions and other head injuries is taking effect in New Hampshire just as players begin gearing up for the fall season.
Students with disabilities are almost twice as likely to be suspended from school as nondisabled students, with the highest rates among black children with disabilities.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said financial education and planning boost the economy and that students who learn those skills are likely to save more later in life and better weather market turbulence.


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Cash Loans by ShekharAppsAdd this app to your listsTweets por @Appszoom
In finance, loan is really a credit card debt evidenced by a notice which specifies, involving other considerations, the main sum, and monthly interest, in addition to day associated with pay back. That loan includes this reallocation with the issue property regarding some time, between financial institution as well as the client. This application provides you suggestions about how to take cash loans easily and how to resolve it. So, download this application and get ready to take cash loans easily according to your wish.
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June 2015's PS Plus games announced for PS4, PS3, and Vita
Sony has announced the lineup of free games hitting PlayStation Plus in June. Although it's not the strongest lineup... Read More
Sony has announced the lineup of free games hitting PlayStation Plus in June. Although it's not the strongest lineup... Read More
Last year, Sony gave fans the chance to experience their E3 Press Conference in a big way, on the big screen. It was... Read More
Earlier in the year, we saw Microsoft toying with a reduced price for the Xbox One, putting it at $350 (instead of $400)-- a... Read More
Sony is kicking off the weekend with a bang, announcing a Flash Sale over on the PlayStation Store. From now through May 18,... Read More
It feels like I'm the resident PlayStation TV deal watcher of GameZone. If you held out this long, you're getting... Read More
As promised, Sony has revealed the free lineup of PlayStation Plus games for May 2015. Arriving next week, PS Plus members... Read More
Helldivers, the top-down twin stick shooter for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 and PS Vita from Arrowhead Game Studios, is... Read More
In February, Square Enix released Dragon Quest Heroes in Japan and even though the release is still fresh, they are already... Read More
With April Fools' Day looming, Sony has revealed next month's lineup of free games for PlayStation Plus members. And... Read More
Sony has announced that in addition to tomorrow's PlayStation 4 "Yukimura" update 2.50, new updates for the PS... Read More
Sony is celebrating Easter with a massive PlayStation sale, discounting a ton of PS4, PS3, and Vita games. Over on the... Read More
Is Sony's Spring Sale not living up to your expectations this week? Don't worry, there's a game hidden away on... Read More
PlayStation Mobile was created with intention of allowing users cross-platform play between the Vita and Android devices.... Read More
Sony's Sping Fever Sale has entered its second week of the eight week sale and this week's lineup is looking pretty... Read More
Major League Baseball spring training has officially begun. As a Mets fan, that's both a good and bad thing. We have a... Read More
Week one of Sony's Spring Fever Sale is live and it's bringing a discount to the recently released cross-buy title,... Read More
Sure, it took a little longer than we're used to, but Sony has finally revealed March's free PlayStation Plus games... Read More
The PlayStation Vita, the red headed stepchild in the PlayStation family, turned three recently, and to celebrate Sony is... Read More
Back in December, I wrote about seven games that'll make you want a PlayStation 4 in 2015. That was just a taste of what... Read More
A new update for the console versions of Minecraft has been rolled out on Xbox and PlayStation platforms. While each... Read More


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Learn to make your job easier and your code more accurate by choosing from a selection of general-purpose and PHP-specific code editors and IDEs.
Learn the basics of PHP (including variables, logical expressions, loops, and functions), and discover how to connect to a MySQL database and develop a complete web application.
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Learn to administer MySQL databases, design tables, and insert, update, and delete data with phpMyAdmin.
A gentle introduction to PHP, with simple exercises that help you develop dynamic web content, user input forms, and database-powered product pages.
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Explains what PHP is and how it integrates with HTML; how to set up and configure a PHP development environment on both Windows and Mac OS X; and the features of the PHP language.
"Your tutorials have helped me develop new skills and apply them immediately to my work. Within weeks of starting your tutorials about Flex, Flash Builder, and Action Script, we began to develop web-based GIS applications." —Beth M.
more from our members »


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Technical Papers and Presentations
Utilization of COMSOL Multiphysics® Java API for the Integration of Composite Material Properties Through a Customized User Interface - new
R. Malav[1]
[1]Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Introduction: Usage of Composite Materials properties is rapidly gaining acceptance in various industries such as aircraft manufacturing, automotive, healthcare, etc. Its main strengths are light weight material, great strength and durability, strength related to weight, corrosion resistance and design flexibility. In the process of modeling and simulation, many a time a user wants to use ...
Modeling and Simulation of High Sensitivity CMOS Pressure Sensor Using Free Boundary Circular Diaphragm Embedded on Ring Channel Shaped MOSFET - new
S. Joy[1], T. Tom[1]
[1]Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
Sensors have diverse applications ranging from the medical field to space exploration. They convert physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity etc. into an electrical output. The discovery of piezoresistivity property of silicon and germanium led to miniaturization of pressure sensors. Improvement in the sensitivity is the major factor to be considered while designing pressure ...
Micromechanical Design of Novel Thermal Composites for Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity - new
R. C. Thiagarajan[1],
[1]ATOA Scientific Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Materials with an order variable in thermal conductivity as a function of temperature are desirable for thermoelectric heat energy recovery, building thermal insulation and solar thermal applications. Thermal Conductivity is an inherent material property. Engineering the fundamental thermal conductivity needs manipulation at thermal photon level for conventional materials. Engineering thermal ...
Modelling of Lintel-Masonry Interaction Using COMSOL
A. Vermeltfoort, and A. van Schijndel
Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
An attempt was made, as described in this paper, to assign material properties like shear strength and modulus of elasticity randomly. In this way, the behaviour of a masonry wall with a prefabricated concrete lintel was experimentally tested and simulated using COMSOL. The paper confirms the possible use of COMSOL for modelling lintel-masonry interaction, including variation of mechanical ...
Shearing of the Fiber-Matrix Composite Material and Elastic Properties of Unidirectional Ply
D. Remaoun, and A. Boutaous
Département de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie, Oran, Algérie
The present work aims to describe the behavior of the interface using the method of load transfer between fiber and matrix in a composite material. Our contribution was first to simulate the mechanical behavior of a composite, for a given radius of the fiber was able to automate the result for different rays thus different proportions of the reinforcement, the simulation was done with software ...
Time-Dependent Thermal Stress and Distortion Analysis During Additive Layer Manufacturing, by Powder Consolidation by Laser Heating
M.S. Yeoman[1], J. Sidhu[2]
[1]1. Continuum Blue Ltd., Tredomen Innovation & Technology Park, Tredomen, Ystrad Mynach, United Kingdom
[2]BAE Systems, Advanced Technology Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
A time-dependent COMSOL Multiphysics model of an additive manufacture process, which uses powder consolidation by laser heating was developed, providing a platform to better understanding the manufacture process & provide a tool to reduce resulting distortion & optimization of an additive manufacture process. The model simulates a high intense laser energy source moving along a pre-defined time ...
Modeling the Temperature-Dependent Dynamic Behavior of a Timber Bridge with Asphalt Pavement
B. Weber[1]
[1]Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
The fundamental frequency and the corresponding damping value are the main design parameters for footbridges against excessive vibrations induced by pedestrians. Since pedestrians typically walk at a pace of 1.6–2.4 Hz, this frequency range as well as the range of the second harmonic, namely 3.5–4.5 Hz, should be avoided. However it has been observed that the fundamental frequency of a bridge ...
Dynamics of Slender Structures
K. Lund
Kurt Lund Consulting, Del Mar, CA , USA
The present work formulates the dynamics of a slender structure as a long beam. This results in a PDE that is fourth-order in space, and second order in time. In COMSOL the coupling method is used to decompose this problem into two second-order equations, one for displacements, and one for bending moments, which are then solved to obtain frequencies and mode shapes. For verification of ...
Stress Distribution in Masonry Walls, Loaded in Plane, Simulated with COMSOL
A.T. Vermeltfoort, and J. van Schijndel
Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
The tensile strength of masonry is relatively low compared to its compressive strength and is affected by the direction of the joints and their filling. In masonry with modern thin layer mortar (joint thickness 3 to 5 mm) sometimes the head joints are left open. A total of 13 model-walls was built and for each model four general purpose mortar combinations and three thin layer mortar combinations ...
Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Modeling to Investigate the Reliability of Automotive MOSFET Transistor
T. Azoui, P. Tounsi, and J.M. Dorkel
CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France
3D electro-thermo-mechanical finite element model of power vertical MOSFET used in the automotive industry is presented in this paper. The presented paper is a qualitative study of power device results from electro-thermo-mechanical simulation. This study particularly interested in the stress generated at the interface between the bonding wires and the source metallization to evaluate the ...


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Below is the poem entitled Perfect Love which was written by poet
Palli. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Susan Palli
Jehovah has blessed us in so many ways
And we lovingly give Him lots of praise.
We're forever grateful for what He has done.
Sacrificed his perfect Son
To free us from all fear and strife
And grant us everlasting life.
Jesus' blood takes sins away.
We've been forgiven in every way.
All this God did, for us sinners,
And we can only come out winners.
As long as we continue to be
Servants of Him faithfully.
For those of you who do give ear
The time of the end is drawing near.
Hope in Jehovah, it's not too late,
For those who love Him, He will wait.
So put your faith in God above
Who freely gives us all His love.


text:
Shaft, Iran Newswire
Comprehensive Real-Time News Feed for Shaft, Iran.
Results 1 - 2 of 2 in Shaft, Iran
Japanese Orientalists' studies on holy sites of Gilan Province published
Naomi Shimizu, Satoko Yoshie and Kamioka Koji spent years in the northern Iranian region gathering the information for the book "Sacred Places in Gilan Province", which is in three volumes, the Persian service of ISNA reported on Thursday. The Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies published the first volume of the book, and the second and third volumes will be come out in the near future. Comment?
Berlin hosting conference on need for research on Quran in modern times w/Photo
A conference opened at the Hotel Palace Berlin on Friday to survey the need for research on the Quran in modern times. The Foundation for Islamic Studies and the Free University of Berlin are the main organizers of the three-day conference, the SIS announced on its website. Comment?
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The index is intended to measure the performance of a long position in Euro-BTP futures. The underlying assets of Euro-BTP futures are Republic of Italy-government issues debt securities ("BTPs") with an original term of no longer than 16 years and remaining term to maturity of not less than 8 years and 6 months and not more than 11 years as of the futures contract delivery date.
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text:
Comment: Re:Stupid ... (Score 1) 126
If we made it illegal to be stupid, where would we find politicians?
However, it is hard to believe that they are this stupid.
Perhaps next they will try to build a wall to prevent those rogue 1s and 0s from being smuggled out of the country.
I'm sure one of our defense contractors will be happy to tell them it will work and charge big bucks for building it.


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Business & Enterprise Software
PAGE is a drag-and-drop GUI generator for Python and Tkinter aimed at building Python modules which can display a relatively simple GUI constructed from Tk and ttk widget sets using the Place Geometry Manager.196 weekly downloads
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Open Faktura is a Open-Source Faktura System that uses PostgreSQL as Database Engine and is written in C++/QT, because it is platform indepentend and QT is a powerful C++ Framework with good SQL Features.1 weekly downloads
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A safe place to store all your data. An easy to use interface combined with the security of GPG resulting in a application that any beginner will feel comfortable using to keep private information a secret using only a single password.0 weekly downloads
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Panglossa Translation Desktop is a tool for helping with the translation of texts. It allows easy translating of words, including an "automation" function that processes the whole text presenting each word for you to chose a translation.0 weekly downloads
The Thumb
The first professional open-source enterprise project management suite. De facto standard in project managment area. Web 2.0 UI, Web Services ready and written as web application deployable in complex enviroment. Full enterprise feature stack.0 weekly downloads
flying logbook
A program for processing a pilots logbook and creating reports. Written in c++0 weekly downloads


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Newsletter for October – December 2014 - Here are some of the highlights from this issue… 2014 Razorback and Lady Razorback The 21st running of the Razorback and Lady Razorback, which had always been run at Louisiana Downs, until this year, seems to have been a good move according to the reports that have come in. Members have said they had a […]
Newsletter for July – Sept 2014 - Here are some of the highlights from this issue… 2015 STALLION & FARM DIRECTORY HELP… WE NEED A COUPLE MINUTES OF YOUR TIME PLEASE!!!!!!! A Stallion & Farm Questionnaire is enclosed with this newsletter. We ask each member to please complete this questionnaire and return it to the ATBHA by September 15th, by mail or […]
What is the ATBHA?
Arkansas Thoroughbred Breeders' & Horsemen's Association (ATBHA) was founded in April 1961. ATBHA is the official breed registry for all Registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbreds. The registrations of the Registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbreds are made by the association's members to the ATBHA office. The purpose of these registrations is to qualify Registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbreds for eligibility to run in restricted Arkansas-bred races and to qualify the owners and breeders of Registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbreds for participation in the Owner, Breeder and/or Stallion Owner Awards program.Learn More About Us >>