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A method of accumulating and aggregating statistics concerning the use of database table indexes includes using a plurality of counters to register index use. The plurality of counters allow multiple instances of index usage to be recorded simultaneously. A missing index may be detected using an optimal index in a query plan. The optimal index is compared against the available indexes to determine if an index is missing. Statistics may be gathered against the used and missing indexes.
1. A computer-implemented method of generating statistics concerning index usage, the method comprising;
receiving two or more queries against a relational database, the two or more queries received concurrently;
executing a query plan corresponding to each of the received queries, each query plan having an associated index;
incrementing a value of a first index counter of a plurality of index counters of the index every time the index is used during execution of a first query, each index counter of the plurality of index counters storing a value, wherein a total value obtained by adding the values of all of the plurality of index counters indicates a usage of the index, and wherein execution of the first query locks and holds the first index counter;
incrementing a value of a second index counter of the plurality of index counters of the index when the index is used during execution of a second query, wherein the first query and the second query are concurrently executed, wherein contention between increments to any of the plurality of index counters is avoided such that multiple usages of the index may be recorded simultaneously;
determining index usage statistics responsive to incrementing by adding the values of all of the plurality of index counters of the index, wherein index usage statistics include at least one of user seeks, user scans, user lookup, user updates, last user seek, last user scan, last user lookup, last user update, system seeks, system scan, system lookup or system update; and
storing, in a memory, the index usage statistics in a header of the query plan.
2. The computer-implemented method of
determining if a query plan for the query is stored in cache;
retrieving a stored query plan for the query; and
executing the query plan corresponding to the received query.
3. The computer-implemented method of
4. The computer-implemented method of
5. The computer-implemented method of
6. A computer-implemented method of identifying a missing index in a relational database management system, the method comprising:
receiving a user query in the relational database management system;
parsing and optimizing a query plan for the received query;
identifying an optimal index corresponding to the query plan, wherein the optimal index is an index that is useful to the query plan, and wherein identifying the optimal index includes computing the sum of all reads by adding the number of user queries that performed an index seek on the index, the number of user queries that performed a scan on the index and the number of user queries that used an index for a row lookup;
identify existing available indexes useable by the query plan;
comparing the optimal index to the existing available indexes;
determining if an index useable by the query plan is missing; and
updating statistics related to the missing index if the index is determined to be missing, by adding values of all counters of a plurality of index counters associated with the missing index, each counter of the plurality of index counters storing a value, wherein a total value obtained by adding the values of all of the plurality of index counters indicates a usage of the index, and wherein execution of a first query plan locks and holds a first index counter and a value of a second index counter of the plurality of index counters of the index is incremented when the first counter is locked and held and when the index is used during execution of a second query, wherein the first query and the second query are concurrently executed, wherein contention between increments to any of the plurality of index counters is avoided such that multiple usages of the index may be recorded simultaneously, and wherein the statistics include a number of times that the missing index could have been accessed to accommodate the query plan and a number of times a query, which could have benefited from creating the missing index, is executed.
7. The computer-implemented method of
8. The computer-implemented method of
9. The computer-implemented method of
10. The computer-implemented method of
11. The computer-implemented method of
12. The computer-implemented method of
13. A system for detecting a missing index in a database, the system comprising:
a processor executing software that provides:
means for executing a query plan against a database, the database having a fixed number of indexes, the query plan identifying an optimal index, wherein the optimal index is an index that is useful to the query plan, wherein identifying the optimal index includes computing the sum of all reads by adding the number of user queries that performed an index seek on the index, the number of user queries that performed a scan on the index and the number of user queries that used an index for a row lookup;
means for indicating a number of times a missing index is detected; and
means for implementing a software program which gathers statistics on index use the statistics determined by adding values of all counters of a plurality of counters associated with the missing index, each counter of the plurality of counters storing a value, wherein a total value obtained by adding the values of all of the plurality of counters indicates a usage of the index, and wherein execution of a first query locks and holds a first index counter and a value of a second index counter of the plurality of index counters of the index is incremented when the first counter is locked and held and when the index is used during execution of a second query, wherein the first query and the second query are concurrently executed, wherein contention between increments to any of the plurality of counters is avoided such that multiple usages of the index may be recorded simultaneously, and wherein the statistics include a number of times that the missing index could have been accessed to accommodate the query plan and a number of times a query, which could have benefited from creating the missing index, is executed,
wherein upon executing the query plan, a missing index is detected by comparing the optimal index against the fixed number of indexes to determine if any index is useable with the query plan, and
wherein, if none of the fixed indexes are useable with the query plan, incrementing the at least one counter to identify an instance of a missing index.
14. The system of
15. The system of
16. The system of
Relational Database Systems, such as SQL Server™ available from Microsoft® in Redmond Wash., allow users to index data in various ways. Indexes can speed up data access by orders of magnitude. A query against the database can force a scan of columns of one or more tables within the database. If the tables are large, the scan can be very time consuming. The query can be shortened if the columns of the database tables are indexed. Using an index to find data in a given column can be an efficient method of searching. But, an indexed column requires maintenance to be effective. For example, indexes need to be updated whenever data changes occur to keep the indexes accurate. If the data changes, the corresponding index which can refer to that changed data must be updated if the changed data is to be found in a query through the use of an index. If an entry in a row or column is deleted, the index should be updated.
It is clear that some indexes may be used quite frequently while other indexes may not be used via a query very often. Given the mix of frequently used and infrequently used indexes on a database, some concerns arise. The concerns include whether the maintained indexes are being used, if so, are they being used effectively, and are the indexes being used with insight with respect to their storage. If all permutations of indexes were generated with a database table, then the storage requirements for index storage would rise precipitously and maintenance operations would incur unacceptable overhead to data changes. Also, over time, the manner in which a database is used may change. This change may result in a use that neglects the use of some indexes and may indicate a need for greater use of other indexes.
In some instances, queries against a database may present opportunities to generate indexes which do not currently exist in the table. To date, the prior art has not well accommodated characterization of the use of indexes in databases.
An aspect of the invention includes a technique for generating statistics of index usage in a database management system. The technique includes the use of a plurality of counters. The counters are incremented upon an instance of index usage. The counters are configured such that multiple simultaneous usages of the index may be recorded. An index usage may occur from multiple executions of the same query or from an execution of a different query.
In another aspect of the invention, a missing index may be detected. A query plan has an optimal set of groups of indexes. The optimal index groups are used as a point of comparison to identify indexes useful in the query. If no indexes correspond to the optimal index groups in any way, then a missing index condition is detected. Statistics may be generated against the missing index groups.
In one aspect of the invention, a cost is generated as a result of the missing index. The cost may be a dimensionless indication of how much the query plan execution could be improved if the missing index were created and made available to the database management system. In one aspect of the invention, a query header may be used as a storage mechanism for statistics on the indexes used and statistics on missing indexes encountered while optimizing this query along with the query plan.
In the drawings:
In one aspect of the invention, statistics are generated associated with every query. Normally, a client query is submitted as a program formulated in any of a plurality of query languages including SQL or XQuery. The query engine receives the query and the text is parsed, bound and optimized. The query engine produces a query plan which is stored in cache. Each time the query is executed, the plan is retrieved from the cache, executed and again stored in the cache.
In one embodiment, statistics may be gathered via the use of counters associated with the query plan.
Index usage statistics may be obtained by adding up all of the counters for an index, for example, counters 160 through 164. Index usage statistics may be recorded in the header of the query plan for the respective index used. Each time the query is executed or retrieved from the cache, the list of indexes is processed and accumulated. In one embodiment, an index statistics manager can accumulate the index usage statistics for a group of indexes and present the information for a user to evaluate.
In one embodiment, an index statistics manager maintains a number of hash tables in which it records usage records for individual indexes. The hash tables may be used in conjunction with counters 160 through 164. Here, as before, using more than one hash table and recording usages in different hash tables according to a round-robin scheme reduces contention points in highly concurrent query workloads where a very large number of queries are executed concurrently.
In another embodiment, the index statistics manager can have a Data Description Language (DDL) operation defined and connected to the manager. The DDL defines the index statistics data to mange the gathered statistics. For example, index usage records may be dropped if the index itself is dropped, the underlying table for the index is dropped, or the database itself is dropped or detached. This allows only active indexes to have statistics which are maintained.
In one embodiment, the examination of the index statistics may be exposed using a dynamic management view (DMV). The view generally includes the generation of the index statistics data that is consolidated from different sets of counters as used in the contention avoidance scheme described above. In one aspect of the invention, the generation of index statistics occurs automatically with each executed query. But the generation of a dynamic management view may be significantly more expensive in computing time than the recording of index usage records. In one embodiment, the statistics collection mechanism including the counters is write-optimized to collect data efficiently during the execution of a query.
During execution of the query plan, counter mechanisms, corresponding to the indexes used in the plan, are incremented (step 250) to collect data on index use during the query. In one aspect of the invention, multiple concurrent index usage increments may be encountered during the execution of the query plan for the index being used. The index may be used in a different concurrent query or in the same but concurrent query plan execution. After execution of the query plan, the usage indication is stored in the query plan header (step 260). The query plan, with the new information placed into the header, may then be placed into cache for storage (step 270).
System administrators may use diagnostic programs in a database management system to input the raw statistics from a statistics manager to produce useful results from the gathering of index use statistics. For example, system administrators may use diagnostic programs which input usage statistics to determine exactly how many times an index was used for different types of usages. The usage include read, write and update accesses. This enables the acceleration of query processing if an optimized set of indexes is used. Usage statistics may indicate how many times maintenance operations on indexes are present so that a source of potential slowdown in a database can be more easily identified. A system administrator can rank and compare different indexes according to their value. Usage patterns and use frequency of an index may be determined.
A system administrator can use the statistics to identify useless indexes. In one aspect of the invention, statistics on the use of indexes in a database is provided. Statistical information on index usage may not be useful unless it is compared against some standard for comparison purposes. Accordingly, another aspect of the invention involves calculating a value for an index. The "value" of an index can be thought of as the balance between the number of read accesses that were accelerated by the index and the number of maintenance operations that need to be performed in reaction to data changes. An index which is not used at all or not used in read accesses but incurs substantial maintenance overhead is of very little value. An index which is used in a large number of read accesses and requires only very little maintenance is considered very valuable. The determination of value enables the identification of useless indexes. Useless indexes may be defined as indexes having a high maintenance overhead without significant utility in queries. Such useless indexes can pose significant performance bottlenecks. Being able to assess the value of an index is essential to trouble-shooting and tuning of database servers deployed in production.
An administrator can inspect the dynamic management view which exposes index usage statistics to provide a proper assessment of indexes without reproducing the queries to observe the problem. This enables administrators to diagnose and resolve performance problems originating from useless indexes quickly.
In one embodiment, a program that maintains statistics concerning index usage on a per query basis is implemented. This statistics management program accesses index counters for operations such as seeks, scans, lookups, and updates of indexes as well as the last time of utilization of an index. Table 1 includes a description of index usage statistics for a typical embodiment of the invention.
The Table 1 information is not exhaustive and is only an example of typical index usage statistics by either a user or a system. The Table 1 information may be used to assess the usefulness of an index by computing the sum of all reads by selecting user seeks plus user scans plus user lookups. In general, the present invention provides the raw data for the generation of computed statistics. A user program, which aggregates the index statistics can be the analysis tool for making assessments on the effectiveness of an index in a database.
In another aspect of the invention, a missing index statistic may be generated. In some relational database query processors, the query optimizer analyzes predicates with respect to whether they can be evaluated using available indexes. Consider the following example:
In this example, without any indexes on the table PART, the execution of this query requires the scanning of the entire PART table. But, the query can be answered more efficiently if there were an index on P_CONTAINER which can be used to look up qualifying rows before gathering additional columns needed to return the entire SELECT list. Accordingly, the index on P_CONTAINER is considered missing and results in a performance burden for the database.
In general, as part of a query plan generation, an optimizer determines the specifications of optimal indexes. The optimal indexing may be one or more single indexes or it may be a composite index. In most present systems, this optimal index information is discarded if the optimal indexes are not available during the execution of the query plan. The present invention uses optimal index specifications and keeps information concerning missing optimal indexes. Such counts are aggregated and may be presented as a missing index indication.
If an index useful for the execution of the query plan is not found (step 316), then the instance of a missing useable index is recorded (step 318). A missing index may be identified by comparing an optimal index identified in the query plan to any other single or composite indexes on columns that exist related to the desired query. If no single or composite index exists that compares to the optimal index, then a useable index for the query is considered missing. In one embodiment, an update of missing index statistics is generated (step 320). This update creates an indication of how often a missing index could have been accessed to accommodate the query plan. In one embodiment, the cost of a new index can be optionally calculated (step 322) based on the expected number of I/O and CPU accesses that the optimal index would require in order to satisfy the query. This number can be considered dimensionless. This number can then be compared against the actual cost of performing the query execution without an index. The comparison may indicate that a new index is appropriate for execution of the query in the database management system.
In another embodiment, steps 318 and 320 are reversed in order such that the recording of an instance of a missing index is performed if the cost benefit is significant and if there are no other similar indexes already present. This embodiment allows only high value missing indexes to be recorded. Thus, a user may conclude that all of the missing index recordings under this embodiment, if performed often, would be worthwhile to create to improve the efficiency of the query processor. In one embodiment, this cost is scaled to be within a range of 0 to 100 to indicate a percentage of improvement if the missing index were created.
In another aspect of the invention, for each missing index group, the relational database management system can maintain counters which indicate how many times a query which could have benefited from creating a given missing index is executed. In addition to the pure count, the total query cost as estimated by the optimizer may also be recorded. Since different queries could benefit from the same index, this value is the average across different query executions. This may include both the same query executed repeatedly as well as different queries. In one embodiment, the impact of an index may be indicated by a value between 0 and 100 arranged over all queries which could have used the index in question.
In one embodiment, missing index statistics may be gathered and exposed through four system tables. The first table is a missing index group statistics table. In this table, statistics of missing index groups may include the number of queries which could have used the index, the number of unique compiles, and the total query cost and impact of the index.
A second table is the missing index details table. This table may include a description of individual indexes which contains the database and object identifiers as well as columns and their usage, including equality and inequality, and the complete index DDL statement which include the indexes that are identified by an index handle.
A third table is the missing index groups table. This table may include a view which maps missing indexes to missing index groups by listing pairs of index group handles and individual index handles. A fourth table is the missing index columns table. This table may list the columns involved in a missing index description including the name, the column identifier, and the usage type.
In one embodiment, a program that maintains statistics concerning missing index groups is implemented. This statistics management program accesses index counters for operations related to the index usage and missing index data. Table 2 includes a description of missing index statistics items for a typical embodiment of the invention. Table 2 is not exhaustive and serves to indicate examples of typical missing index statistics.
Although not required, embodiments of the invention can also be implemented via an operating system, for use by a developer of services for a device or object, and/or included within application software. Software may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by one or more computers, such as client workstations, servers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various embodiments of the invention may be practiced with other computer configurations. Other well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use include, but are not limited to, personal computers (PCs), automated teller machines, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based systems, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, appliances, lights, environmental control elements, minicomputers, mainframe computers and the like. Embodiments of the invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network/bus or other data transmission medium. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices and client nodes may in turn behave as server nodes.
With reference to
Computer system 410 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer system 410 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CDROM), compact disc-rewritable (CDRW), digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by computer system 410. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.
The system memory 430 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 431 and random access memory (RAM) 432. A basic input/output system 433 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer system 410, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 431. RAM 432 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 420. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer system 410 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
The computer system 410 may operate in a networked or distributed environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 480. The remote computer 480 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer system 410, although only a memory storage device 481 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer system 410 is connected to the LAN 471 through a network interface or adapter 470. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer system 410 typically includes a modem 472 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 473, such as the Internet. The modem 472, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 421 via the user input interface 460, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer system 410, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,
Various distributed computing frameworks have been and are being developed in light of the convergence of personal computing and the Internet. Individuals and business users alike are provided with a seamlessly interoperable and Web-enabled interface for applications and computing devices, making computing activities increasingly Web browser or network-oriented.
For example, MICROSOFT®'s .NET™ platform, available from Microsoft Corporation, includes servers, building-block services, such as Web-based data storage, and downloadable device software. While exemplary embodiments herein are described in connection with software residing on a computing device, one or more portions of an embodiment of the invention may also be implemented via an operating system, application programming interface (API) or a "middle man" object between any of a coprocessor, a display device and a requesting object, such that operation may be performed by, supported in or accessed via all of .NET™'s languages and services, and in other distributed computing frameworks as well.
As mentioned above, while exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described in connection with various computing devices and network architectures, the underlying concepts may be applied to any computing device or system in which it is desirable to implement a system to gather statistics on indexes in a database. Thus, the methods and systems described in connection with embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a variety of applications and devices. While exemplary programming languages, names and examples are chosen herein as representative of various choices, these languages, names and examples are not intended to be limiting. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous ways of providing object code that achieves the same, similar or equivalent systems and methods achieved by embodiments of the invention.
The various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the invention, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention.
While aspects of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that a variety of computer platforms, including handheld device operating systems and other application specific operating systems are contemplated, especially as the number of wireless networked devices continues to proliferate. Therefore, the claimed invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.
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Unknown 19th-century shipwreck found in Lake Michigan
The newly discovered ship dates back to the 1830s.
Thu, Mar 31, 2011 at 11:48 AM
UNDER THE WATER: The stern of the newly discovered shipwreck is covered with zebra mussels. (Photo: Robert Underhill/Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates)
Divers have announced the discovery of the wreck of a sailing ship that was lost 180 years ago when it sank in Lake Michigan.
The divers were looking for the remains of Northwest Airlines Flight 2501, which crashed into the lake in 1950, killing 58 people. What they found was a zebra mussel-covered vessel dating back to the 1830s, the Grand Rapids Press reported.
The 60-foot-long (18-meters) sloop was discovered by the Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates and members of the National Underwater and Marine Agency. [See other shipwrecks from the Great Lakes]
Not much is known about the shipwreck, except that it has been at the bottom of the lake for 180 years. It was found sitting upright about 250 feet (76 m) underwater.
The unknown shipwreck and others will be discussed on April 16 at the expedition team's annual show, "Mysteries and Histories Beneath the Inland Seas," in Holland, Mich.
This article was reprinted with permission from OurAmazingPlanet.
Related on OurAmazingPlanet:

subset: commoncrawl


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Do you need a credit card?
- Absolutely not unless you like the feeling of having a gun to your head by the maffia. If you don't have the money you don't buy and you will be able to payoff way more and save more and accomplish much more in life without that damn plastic. So believe what you want but look at our greedy bankrupt country and tell me if we need credit cards. Use a debit card and save your money.
- —Guest walt
I need credit card
- I require a credit card because I am in the travel business.
- —Guest Bhushakumar
Yes you need it
- To play the "credit score" game. It's the lamest game ever created but what are you gonna do when everyone requires you to play. Stick to a low balance or secured card. Make major purchases with money you actually have in checkings/savings.
- —Guest Mel
Not having a credit card feels good.
- After paying my truck off gave me extra money, I cancelled my card witch was a good argument over the phone. My mother said to me "If you dig your self in a hole, stop digging." I only make 27k a year, better off opening a savings and just throw money in it as a back up.
- —Guest Phil
No you dont!
- You absolutely do not need a credit card! I make $80,000 and my wife makes around $50k and we dont use credit cards! Every purchase we make is on our debit card. The monthly mortgage payment ($3,000) the car payments ($1,200), and everything else. We do not need one. Four years ago we gave all of them up-all seven with $150k total in available credit. Now, we feel relieved that we dont have to worry about making one more payment!
- —Guest Michael
- With the econmy today ,it's necessary for some to use a credit card to buy food
- —Guest Tony
Do you really need a credit card ???????
- I understand needing a credit card for shopping on line with the exception that if a compant is worth anything they will give you the opption of a check or Debit card.(I know it will take longer to receive your purchase). ost rental car companies will accept your debit card! I Have a credit card(only one) that I use for gas and pending at COSTCO for gas ect ( always write done the date I used it so I don't forget)) off each month, but always find myself checking to make sure that I'm not late on the monthly due payment. My best advice is to do the best you can without one. Always ask yourself! DO I REALLY NEED THIS TODAY: Your kids will still love you and your special will understand and if not let them go. With that said, I make it simple, I just plan and put away enough cash to take a few week-ends to a special place with that special person. I learned this leasen a long time ago and now have enough $$$ to be happy and take care of that special person if I should go BY BY BY.
- —mukman69
You do need a credit card
- I am 40 and my husband is 47. We both have NO credit. ZERO!! And why? Because we paid cash for everything, including rent, utilities, etc. It did not build us any credit. At our age, we are now starting out with a secured credit card because we have ZERO credit. And I mean ZERO!! So yes you do need a credit card and can not establish credit without it. We own our house (owner finance the land), vehicles, and pay our bills on time. We can not even finace a new vehicle even with our home and land as collateral (which is worth 15 times more) because we have no credit.
- —Guest Peggy
What's the big deal?
- Credit cards are just a way of life now. You shouldn't have more than a few, and you should watch how much you borrow, but it really isn't a big deal to have them and to even carry a balance. We live in a time when that's just the way things are. It's not a big deal.
- —Guest Lori
No I Don't
- I use my debit card for my online purchase and car rentals. I've got an emergency fund for emergencies. That way I don't end up paying interest on my emergencies. You can get by without one. It takes planning, but I think it is worth it!
- —Guest Micah
I Do Need a Credit Card
- Shopping online, reserving a car, and for that unexpected emergency I really do need a credit card. I only have two. I don't use them unless it's an emergency and then I pay them off right away. It just makes me feel better to have them.
- —Guest Chris
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Naturopathy or Naturopathic Medicine is a practice that seeks to improve health and treat disease mainly by supporting the innate capacity of human body to recover from illness and injury. Naturopathic practice can include a wide range of techniques: massages, hydrotherapy, acupuncture, psychotherapy, aromatherapy and many others. This school of thought originated at the end of the 1800's in the USA and then spread all around the world.
The most accepted meaning of " Naturopathy " is "path", nature's path to keep or restore wellbeing. It was coined in 1895 by John Scheel, a doctor from New York, and has its roots in the English words "nature" and "path". It is a much debated question about its etymology from the Latin word "natura" and the Greek one "pathos" (liking, empathy, feeling, pain) whose most obvious result would be "empathy with nature". On the other hand, there are no derivations from the word "homeopathy", whose only shared point is the holistic conception of the human being whereas for any other aspect it is totally different from naturopathy.
In 1902 Scheel authorized Lust (a disciple of Father Kneipp who had moved from Germany to USA in 1892) to use the term "Naturopathy" to describe the eclectic group of schools of thought about natural healing. It spread throughout USA, UK and Commonwealth and has been also recognized by the WHO. Water, sun, earth, food etc. are the healing principles of nature on which naturopathy is based.
Naturopathy states that healing means giving an energetic balance. The disease is the consequence of an energetic imbalance, that must be removed to make symptoms vanish.
The energetic re-balancing can be carried out by means of specific massage techniques based on the same principles of acupuncture in the Chinese Traditional Medicine: the stimulation of certain body parts is made through non-invasive methods (for instance, finger pressure) on the same points suitable for stimulation according to acupuncture.
Naturopathy does not represent a substitution of the allopathic medicine but is an alternative or complementary healing technique based on an approach by means of different interventions having a synergic action. For instance, naturopaths do not state they are able to remove cancer but that they can contribute to prevent it by an integration of therapies.
Naturopathy's history and spreading vary from one Country to another. According to a small bibliographic research there are around 320 titles in English, around 120 in German and around 7 in Italian. This is caused by the substantial differences between the Anglo-Saxon and the Roman Law in the health law of each Country. The 1600's are strongly influenced by the great discoveries of Newton, Pascal, Kepler and Galileo originating two schools of thought: the one of the Iatrochemists and the other of the Iatromechanics, aimed at trying to classify medicine among the area of the exact sciences. At that time the first scientific magazines are published and, thanks to the significant collaboration between the natural sciences and the medicine, arises the experimental medicine. The great epidemics of Black Death, smallpox and typhus cause more than one million victims in Northern Italy; as a matter of fact, scientists experience a general interest in the social and legal protection, together with hygiene. The 1700's see a new systematic view of science, whereas philosophy begins influencing medicine especially in Germany (Kant).
The systematic view reveals itself mainly in the works of two important doctors:
The systematic view is put into practice somehow mistakenly but in any case it is well worth mentioning its merit of having guessed the truth of a vitalist or dynamic conception.
William Culler from Edimburgh highlights the importance of the nervous system whereas his disciple J. Brown states that life in its essence is not a normal state but a forced one, based on continuous stimulations (sedatives and bloodlettings belonge to his therapy). The direction towards systematics originate other systems such as the mesmerism or animal magnetism.
The German doctor Hahnemann is a contemporary of Brown. He stimulates the natural defences of human body (dynamis), and identifies the mechanism that has broken patient's balance. He gives birth to the conception of "similarity" (Similia Similibus) and is nowadays considered as the father of homeopathy.
During the XIX century the medical science gains a higher credibility, together with the research and the medical profession. The great intellectual, social and political currents strongly influence the medicine as well as physics and chemistry. The microbiological conception is now replaced by the new Hippocratic one with two currents: the clinical-therapeutic and the hygienic–preventive (i.e. the evolution of the classical conception of the ancient Greek-Roman medicine). This is the European context where the western naturopathy emerges (especially in Germany) meant as an organic discipline professionally applied.
Moreover, J.J. Rousseau with his thought gives birth to the philosophic basis of the naturopathy: a simple and quiet life in contact with nature.
1865-1933 Shoenenberger, Germany, professor and chancellor of the University of Hydrotherapy, gives it the new name of University Clinic for Natural Life and Care. He is the first to introduce naturopathy in a hospital and systematize the naturopathic therapies in an official clinical form (he holds Priessnitz in high esteem).
J.Thomson and Stanley Lief, two of the most important English naturopaths, highlight the importance of fastening, resting, of a good-working intestinal function, warm baths, fresh air and orange juice also for 72-93 days as important strategies to treat rheumatoid arthritis and anaemia. He applies neuromuscular techniques (NMT) which are nowadays followed by Leon Chaitow.
Arno R. Koegler, Canada, born in Saxony in 1898, is the inspiration source of the new generation of naturopath students.
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Hi guys! It's been a while since the last update but today I bring you photos from the London photocall for The Hunger Games: Catching Fire that Jena attended earlier today. She looked absolutely breathtaking. You can expect tons of updates these coming days with all that we've missed since March. Also be sure to check back later today as Jena is currently attending the London premiere for Catching Fire right now!
, Filed Under: Gallery, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire


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Why does Rep. Joseph Crowley (D-NY) hate trees?
UPDATE III - Here's the final roll, if you'd like to see how your representative voted.
UPDATE IV - The Senate, as expected, has passed the House bill. The president will sign it. For better or worse, government shutdown is off the table for the remainder of FY 2011. The final tally in the Senate was 81-19.
Guy Benson is Townhall.com's Political Editor. Follow him on Twitter @guypbenson.
Author Photo credit: Jensen Sutta Photography


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VANCOUVER and SAN DIEGO, May 18, 2007 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ - MIGENIX Inc. , a clinical-stage developer of drugs for infectious diseases will make a presentation of results from a recent hepatitis C Phase II combination therapy study (see April 11, 2007 press release) in a non-responder patient population at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2007 being held in Washington, DC May 19-24, 2007. Dr. Kelly Kaita, the Director of the Viral Hepatitis Investigative Unit (VHIU) at the Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba and a lead investigator in the MIGENIX Phase II study will make the presentation.
The presentation entitled: "Phase II Study of Celgosivir in Combination with Peginterferon alfa-2b and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype-1 Non-responder Patients" (Abstract # 324227) will be made on Monday, May 21, at 2:45 p.m. (EDT) in Room 206 of the Washington Convention Center. Additionally on May 20, 2007 Dr. Kaita and AnnKatrin Petersen, M.D., Vice President, Clinical Development of MIGENIX will participate in a DDW news conference highlighting progress in new and evolving areas of chronic hepatitis C therapy including celgosivir. A copy of the presentation and the related Abstract will be available at www.migenix.com following the presentation.
Research being presented at Digestive Disease Week 2007 analyzes advancements in the diagnosis of hepatitis C and therapies available to patients who suffer from the disease. DDW is the largest international gathering of physicians and researchers in the fields of gastroenterology, hepatology, endoscopy and gastrointestinal surgery. Digestive Disease Week is considered the largest and most prestigious meeting in the world for the gastrointestinal professional. Every year DDW attracts more than 16,000 physicians, researchers and academics from around the world.
About Celgosivir (MX-3253)<


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movie brings together all of your fave superheroes into one supercharged
blockbuster flick. While we ah-dore the actors that have already taken on
superhero roles, there are a few celebs we wish would do the same. Check out
our picks!
Keke Palmer
played a talented and driven fashionista on Nickelodeon's True Jackson, VP and
we're sure she could bring her drive and perseverance to an awesome superhero
role. Keke could even turn it into a musical superhero movie to show off her
singing—and punching—skills.
Zac Efron
total heartthrob makes us believe that he could do absolutely anything, so why
not try for a superhuman role? But then again, being hot and having super powers might not be fair to the world…
Emma Stone
be starring in The Amazing Spider-Man
this summer, but we think Emma deserves to be the superhero and not just the
love interest! This girl has got some spunk and a can-do spirit. Plus, she does
an amazing job in every role she takes on and we don't think a superhero role
would be an exception!
Avan Jogia
plays the guy that every girl loves in
Victorious, with his long hair and sweet face. If he played a superhero,
even the villain in the movie wouldn't want to mess with a single hair on his
Brandon Mychal
the funny guy on Disney Channel's So
Random, but we'd like to see him in a more action role to see what he could
do with it. Hmmm, wonder what kind of powers he'd have if he were a superhero.
Sophia Bush
nine seasons, she played one of the strongest female characters on television:
Brooke Davis. Now that One Tree Hill
has officially ended (too sad for words!), it is time for Sophia to take the
strength that she has in her and go after a superhero role. If you take one
look at her, you can clearly see that she's able to kick some butt. End. Of.
celebs would you like to see as superheroes on the big screen? Who's your
favorite superhero? Blog about it, babes.
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A Filipino maid in Hong Kong won the opening legal battle on Friday in her fight for permanent residency after a court ruled an immigration provision excluding the city's hundreds of thousands of foreign maids was unconstitutional.
It's a major legal victory in a case that has divided the city with accusations of ethnic discrimination against the foreign maids, most of whom are from the Philippines or Indonesia.
Justice Johnson Lam, ruling in the Court of First Instance, rejected arguments by Hong Kong government lawyers that the maids did not have the same residency status as other foreign residents.
Justice Lam said that the immigration provision denying the maids the right to gain permanent residency after seven years as other foreign residents can was inconsistent with the Basic Law, Hong Kong's mini-constitution.
The government is likely to appeal on Friday's ruling.
The case was launched by Evangeline Banao Vallejos, a longtime foreign domestic helper, who sought a judicial review after her bid for permanent residency was rejected.
"To be clear, Ms. Vallejos won on the unconstitutionality of the provisions," said Mark Daly, one of the lawyers handling her case.
Ms. Vallejos, who did not attend court because she was busy working said "thank God" after learning the outcome, Mr. Daly said.
The case has divided opinion in Hong Kong, with some arguing that immigration provisions barring maids, who mostly come from the Philippines or Indonesia, from applying amounts to ethnic discrimination. But other groups say that giving the maids permanent residency would result in an influx of their dependents, which would put a strain on the city's resources.
Mr. Daly said he expected the government to appeal within the 28-day deadline.
About 290,000 of Hong Kong's 7.1 million people are foreign maids.


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Book your room at Jaz Makadi Star & Spa
Superior Room, 1 Single BedMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Superior Room, 1 Queen BedMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Family Room, 1 Queen Bed (Superior)Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 1 infant)
Family Room, 1 Single Bed (Superior)Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 1 infant)
Suite, 1 Queen BedMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Suite (Royal)Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Family-friendly resort with full-service spa and private beach
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Located in Makadi Bay, this family-friendly resort is 5.4 mi (8.7 km) from Makadi Water World, and within 32 mi (52 km) of New Marina and Safaga Dock. Tobia Arbaa Dive Site and Ras Abu Soma Dive Site are also within 32 mi (52 km).
Resort Features
Along with a full-service spa, this resort has a water park (surcharge) and a restaurant. Self parking is free. Additionally, an outdoor pool, 3 bars/lounges, and a health club are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 167 rooms offer balconies, 24-hour room service, and satellite TV. Refrigerators, minibars, and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
This Makadi Bay resort has its very own private beach. In addition to a full-service spa, Jaz Makadi Star & Spa features a water park (surcharge) and an outdoor pool. The resort offers a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of resort's 3 bars/lounges.
This luxury resort also offers a children's pool, a health club, and a library. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Total number of rooms - 167
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Outdoor pool
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Coffee shop or café
- Full-service spa
- Health club
- Multilingual staff
- 24-hour front desk
- Children's club
- Shopping on site
- Laundry facilities
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Tennis on site
- Number of bars/lounges - 3
- Concierge services
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Water park access (surcharge)
- Beach/pool umbrellas
- Billiards or pool table
- Library
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Beach umbrellas
- Pool sun loungers
- Beach towels
- Private beach nearby
- Free self parking
- Children's pool
- Wedding services
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pool
- Children's pool
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Room service (24 hours)
- Balcony
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Minibar
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Bathtub or shower
- Satellite TV service
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Where to Eat
Amaya - This restaurant specializes in Indian cuisine and serves dinner only.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
A health club and a water park (surcharge) are featured at the resort. An outdoor pool and a children's pool are on site.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Parasailing on site
- Scuba diving on site
- Snorkeling on site
- Golfing nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Aerobics on site
- Volleyball on site
Spa Services
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the resort's full-service spa. Services include massages, facials, body wraps, and body scrubs. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy, Ayurvedic, and hydrotherapy.
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Aromatherapy treatments
- Hydrotherapy treatments
- Ayurvedic treatments
- Massages
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
- Resort fee: EGP 180.00 per person, per stay
- Additional inclusions
- Airport shuttle fee: EGP 225 per vehicle (roundtrip)
We should mention
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the resort prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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I-90. The Art of the Book in Edo and Meiji Japan, 1615–1912
Ellis Tinios
The illustrated woodblock printed books produced in Japan in the Edo and Meiji periods represent a remarkable achievement in terms of their technical perfection, broad range of styles and subject matter, and their beauty. No comparable sustained tradition of artistically significant printed illustrated books existed in China or the West.
The course will combine daily lectures and discussions with hands-on sessions in which students will have the opportunity to examine outstanding examples of some of the most significant books produced in Edo and Meiji Japan. Topics to be covered include: key features of the history of the period; the physical characteristics of Japanese books; the origins and evolution of the main categories of artistically significant illustrated books; the impact of imported Chinese and Western books; the achievements of artists of the Ukiyo-e, Nanga, Kanô, Tosa, Rimpa and Maruyama-Shijô schools; continuity and change in art book production in the Meiji period; Meiji facsimiles of Edo-period books; and collecting and appreciating Japanese illustrated books in Europe and America.
In their personal statement, students should describe any previous background they have had in the field; however, no previous knowledge of Japanese art or history is required for admission to this course. This course is designed to complement RBS course I-85: Japanese Illustrated Books, 1615–1858; the two courses may be taken in either order.
The course will be conducted in Washington, DC, at the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M Sackler Gallery Library, Smithsonian Institution Libraries.
Course History
Ellis Tinios
Ellis Tinios is Honorary Lecturer in the School of History, University of Leeds, visiting researcher at the Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University (Kyoto) and special assistant to the Japanese Section of the Department of Asia, British Museum. His recent publications include: Japanese Prints: Ukiyo-e in Edo, 1700-1900 (2010); 'Kuniyoshi and Chinese Subjects: Pushing the Boundaries' in Impressions 31 (2010); 'Art, Anatomy and Eroticism: The Human Body in Japanese Illustrated Books of the Edo Period, 1615-1868' in East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine 31 (2010); 'The Fragrance of Female Immortals: Celebrity Endorsement from the Afterlife' in Impressions 27 (2005-6) and 'Warrior Prints and the Double-edged Sword of Loyalty' in Competition and Collaboration: Japanese Prints of the Utagawa School (2007). He has taught courses at RBS since 2004.Full Bio »


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296 Tasting Notes
First pouring had a nice light but rich earthy tone with only the tiniest bit of the fishy taste. As in, I usually have a hard time with that aspect of pu'erhs but it made a nice touch in this.
Second, basically the same but a little stronger.
I won't go on. I'll just say this is one I like.
I'd come over hoping to see others having rated this. To me, it tastes basically nothing like Upton's description and I wanted to compare to other people's tasting notes.
Ooop, just took a moment to do some googling and it turns out I'm not alone after all! :)
To me, this tea is quite green, a mix of dark and bright grass colors in flavor… tart almost… the lighter green is along the sides and underneath the tongue, the dark is on the top and back of the tongue with that bitter edge dark greens so often have.
It has a long finish, still of that vegetal taste and feeling along the upper back of the throat and down in it a little. An almost dusky tone comes to the green taste.
It's satisfying, something I can (and am) drinking a couple big pots of over the past couple of days.
A very good throughout-the-day hot tea but this really doesn't taste like a white to me as the vegetal flavor is so complete and overwhelming. I actually had to go out and double-check the bag to make sure I hadn't made the wrong tea!
But pretty yummy, yes.
I got a refurbished one with an extended warranty on Amazon.
It is amazing. I love that it can just heat water or do the brewing, too, depending on which I want. I also chose this model over the presets-only one because I absolutely must have the ability to pick my own temps. This heats the water very quickly and the warming option keeps the temp quite steady.
The steeping function works excellently.
I love the fact that I can set it to make my tea for when I get up. Just awesome.
The brew basket is a very nice size. I make a full pot 1-2 times a day and it gives lots of space for my teas to unfurl.
And it's pretty.
I was concerned about value vs cost, but this has been so worth it. I love to brew my tea myself in my various pots and cup, so the heat-only functions are the basics I need. And for those many times I want to wake up to my tea already made or just want it made conveniently this is just awesome.
Worth every penny so far and with my 3 year warranty I feel comfortable with its cost.
IMO this tea in no way can be called "gentle" or "delicate". It is very strong to me for a white, very green.
I mean, to where I wondered if I'd put the wrong tea in and double-checked the bag. I was sure I'd accidentally used a green tea.
Vegetal, a fair amount of bitterness around mid and back tongue. Long finish.
Not particularly "nuanced", either. It's a pretty straight-forward and simple tasting tea.
Nope, not at all what I'd hoped for or expected from the description. I won't be buying again and will likely trade this off.
Back of the throat and tongue green flavor… not quite grassy but light green, not something dark or bitter like asparagus or such. And a sweet tone..
…just thought of it: it taste's sort of like wood sorrel without it's acidic bite. Just that sweet green.
It also has that tiny bit of a musty taste that some whites have. In this it is a nice balancing richness.
I don't think I'd call this a favorite at this point and am not even sure if I'll buy more after the bag is gone, but I would recommend it and will enjoy having it.
First try of this and I'm not really getting much out of it. It's rather a bland white, to me.
It does have a faint sweetness in the back of the throat as its finish, but I'm getting no citrus, no floral… It takes like a bland sort of musty white. Not one I'm impressed with. Perhaps future sweepings will bring out more in the flavor or another day of tasting it again. But so far this isn't a white I'd buy again.
Just got this from a trip to the SoHo Harney & Sons the other day. I asked about getting a green but was really not sure what I wanted at the time… just wanted to try something new of theirs for the sake of something new.
This is a very low-green sort of flavor, to me. As in, a darker taste. The liquor is light, but the taste is heavier, IMO. Spinach or asparagus or such… I can't pin just what veggie it brings to mind. But yes, a dark, low, slightly (but pleasantly!) almost-bitter green.
Also a lighter color on the tip of the tongue… shading towards yellow in taste. I'd not say it was sweet, but… well, it has a lighter less intense feel. Perhaps as another described it as buttery would work here, but that's not quite what it gives to me.
Round and medium weighted in the mouth. Feels smooth and slightly rich without pushing all the way into "heavy" territory.
I'm sure I'm not describing this clearly here, but this is a hard one for me to pin down. It's a good quality green that I can't assign specifics to, just impressions.
I will say that I really do like it. It's not a top-favortiest-green for me, but one that I'm very happy to have gotten. I'd definitely recommend it to others! If you are a green lover, grab some of this; even if you don't love it you'll be glad you tried it!
Glad to have this one in my pantry. :)
Wait! After-thought! If you tend to like sencha this might be for you. The flavor, to me, is similar to some of the senchas I've had from Kyoto Obubu.
Rich. That's my first impression. The flavor feels rich.
It has that brown flavor of a black tea, those warm tones, but much less intense than the assams I tend to like.
Very mild astringency.
It has a slight fruit quality on the tip of the tongue, though I can't place quite what. My brain keeps saying "it makes you think of black cherries" but it's an impression the taste gives rather than a distinct flavor in the mouth. It's a very lightly sweet but dark taste.
The black acrid edge that I like in black teas is there but again very light compared to others I tend to really be into. It's just a minor accent to the warmer brown-and-cherry-impression flavor… it rounds it out pleasantly.
It's a good play on the internet and drink while chilling out tea, IMO, lol.
I really like it. I bought it as I have had just a couple yunnan teas in the past and enjoyed them and hadn't tried any new in a long time… actually a couple years, I think! I'm glad I did, this is likely to be a regular for me.
I just grabbed the packet out of my tea collection and hadn't read anything about it.
They are not kidding about melon taste to it. Strong.
The tea is medium-light in the darker tones of white tea, the melon flavor fills your mouth on sipping and stays in the finish.
I'm usually anti-melon very strongly… but this is a nice change in whites, something that surprised me. Seriously, I took a gulp and went WOAH MELON and went and got the packet to look it up.
I'd recommend it to at least try by folks. I'm torn on whether I'll put it down as one to buy in the future as I can't see me drinking it a lot… but it is really good for variety. We'll see.


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About forty per cent voter turnout was recorded in the Bastar Lok Sabha by-election on Sunday, with reports of firing and landmine blasts by Naxals at some places.
A special police officer was killed in a Naxal attack in Dantewada, while a CRPF jawan and a polling officer were injured and have been hospitalised.
K. K. Behar, the deputy chief electoral officer, said 40 per cent of the 11,94,453 voters exercised their franchise.
A gunfight broke out in Kurche village when a team of securitymen were fired upon by Maoists, he said. After a brief exchange of fire, the ultras fled.
Naxals also allegedly triggered land mine blasts in two places in Dantewada area, but there were no reports of casualties.
Polling could not take place at four booths at Badegadam, Gudse and Telam, as Naxals fired upon election officials, Mr. Behar said, adding fresh polling would be held there later.
The bypoll was necessitated due to the death of BJP MP Baliram Kashyap.
The BJP has fielded his son, Dinesh Kashyap, while Congress has fielded Konta MLA Lakhma Kavasi. Counting will take place on May 13.
Keywords: Bastar bypoll


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News from WTOP
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- Industrialized, Interoperable and Insight-driven Federal Health Panel
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Monday - Friday, 4-7 p.m.
In Depth with Francis Rose features daily interviews with top government executives and contractors. Listen live from 4 to 7 p.m. or download his archived interviews below.
In Depth interviews - July 12
Friday - 7/13/2012, 1:24am EDT
This is the In Depth show blog. Here you can listen to the interviews, find more information about the guests on the show each day and links to additional resources.
Today's guests:
Bill Dougan — President, National Federation of Federal Employees
After a petition drive which garnered over 126,000 signatures, it appears thousands of temporary seasonal firefighters will soon be eligible to buy into the Federal Employee Health Benefit Program.
Despite the danger of what they do, many of them were not eligible before because of their employment status. So what will this mean not only for the firefighters and their families?
Bill Dougan, the president of the National Federation of Federal Employees Union, discusses what will change for these workers.
Capt. Mark Vandroff — U.S. Navy
Last month, the Navy held a ceremony to recognize some of its best and brightest acquisition leaders.
One of the winners was the Navy team in charge of managing the fleet's acquisition program for the DDG-51 line of destroyers. Capt. Mark Vandroff is the program manager for the DDG-51 program, a class that's been serving in the Navy fleet since the early 1990s. But the Navy's still building them at two separate shipyards — one of the reasons the program was able to win the Navy award for competition.
Ramsey Sulayman — Legislative associate, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America
The Veterans Skills to Jobs Act has passed Congress and will be signed by President Barack Obama.
The measure is designed to make it easier for military members to translate their certifications earned while serving the country to the civilian workforce. The legislation will open more than 70 jobs in the federal government to veterans without needing federal licenses or certifications.
Ramsey Sulayman, a legislative associate with the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, discusses the new legislation.
Todd Harrison — Senior Fellow for Defense Budget Studies, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
Former Defense secretary Robert Gates used to frequently say personnel costs are eating the Defense Department alive. If those costs stay on their current trajectory, pay and benefits for servicemembers will crowd out everything else in the DoD budget within just the next few decades.
But a new report takes a relatively novel approach to the military personnel conundrum: Asking servicemembers themselves which benefits they actually care about.
Todd Harrison, the senior fellow for defense budget studies at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, authored the study, "Rebalancing Military Compensation: An Evidence Based Approach.
This story is part of Federal News Radio's daily DoD Report. For more defense news, click here.
Steve Caldwell — Director of Homeland Security and Justice Issues, GAO
In the past few years, the Homeland Security Department has sent thousands of security surveys to critical infrastructure companies. DHS is assessing their standards, finding vulnerabilities and prioritizing risk.
But when the Government Accountability Office took a look at those records, they found the survey databases themselves weren't up to par, according to the findings of a recent report. Steve Caldwell, the director of Homeland Security and Justice Issues at GAO, discusses recommendations for improving the survey.
Frank Figliuzzi — Assistant Director of the FBI's Counterintelligence Division
The FBI says $13 billion in privately owned intellectual property will flow out of U.S. companies and into foreign countries as a result of economic espionage this year.
And the agency says it's getting worse, partly because of the global economic slowdown. Foreign countries see more value in stealing knowledge when their economies are on the skids.
Frank Figluizzi, the FBI's assistant director for counterintelligence, tells In Depth most of the espionage is sponsored by governments themselves — not overseas companies.
This story is part of Federal News Radio's daily Cybersecurity Update. For more cybersecurity news, click here.


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31 Cupcake Inspired Creations
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Let Them Eat Cake Centerpiece
By: Susie Coelho for Krylon
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Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Want a centerpiece that looks good enough to eat? How about a gift idea that is bound to leave a sweet impression? Stacking tins to look like a cake adds whimsy and style. The options are endless but here is an easy way to create a lasting effect and this project from Krylon is sure to stack up!
- Krylon Indoor/Outdoor Primer - White (#51315)
- Krylon Indoor/Outdoor Paint - Bright White (#53517)
- Krylon Indoor/Outdoor Paint - Gum Drop (#51513)
- Krylon Matte Finish - Clear (#1311)
- 1 extra large size round tin
- 1 large size round tin
- 1 med. size round tin
- 1 small size round tin
- 1 extra small size round tin
- Fresh or faux hydrangeas or other flowers that align with your color palette
- Blue painters tape
- Newspaper
- Start by spraying all the tins with Krylon Primer. It the tins already have a design on them that you are trying to cover, you may need to spray a couple layers of primer. Allow paint to dry between layers.
- Once all tins are evenly coated and dry, spray all the tins with the Krylon Satin Bright White. Wait for the paint to completely dry.
- Take the extra large, medium and extra small tins and tape evenly spaced vertical lines all around the side of each tin.
- Cover the top and bottom of each tin used in the previous step with either tape or newspaper and spray Krylon Gum Drop around the side of each tin.
- After the paint dries, carefully remove the tape from the sides.
- Finish off with a protective coat of Krylon Matte Finish.
- Decorate with fresh or faux hydrangeas or other flowers that align with your color palette.
- Display with cake accessories on a table or even on a cake plate or cake pedestal.
For more project ideas, please visit www.krylon.com/projects.
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Lead-Free Kids for a Healthy Future
Get Your House Tested. Get Your Kids Tested. Get the Facts.
Educating parents about the dangers of lead exposure to young children and what actions can be taken to protect children from harm is important all year round. Key messages are "Get Your Home Tested. Get Your Kids Tested. Get the Facts."
Lead Poisoning Education and Interventions: A Toolkit with Recommendations and Resources (P-00554, PDF, 5.6 MB) Includes suggestions and resources for increasing community awareness of childhood lead exposure and links to short videos about lead.
Federal agencies have the following materials available:
Audio podcasts from CDC about lead poisoning prevention and from EPA about the Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule, to link to on social media networking profiles.
Button, badges and stickers and web banners to enhance your website, blog or social media networking profiles.
Health-e-cards you can send to your contacts by email.
Winning video PSAs from the EPA 2009 Lead Poisoning Awareness contest that you can share on social media networking profiles.
- Camera-ready posters/flyers and ones that you can modify to add your agency's information.
- Sample press release that you can customize for your community.
- Newsletter article for organizations' publications, e.g., schools, PTAs.
- Key messages that you can use as "tweets" or when talking with the media or the public.
Home Page - Lead Safe Wisconsin


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We have probably all seen the interesting dog breeds that are labeled as the hairless breeds. Some would call them disgusting; some would call them strange, but more often than not the reactions are due to a lack of knowledge. What do we really know about the naked dog breeds? For years, scientists have believed that the hairless dog breeds originate from Africa and Asia. However there is not much evidence to back up this theory. One theory states that the Chinese Crested – one of the better known of the hairless breeds- originated in Africa and then moved onto Asia. So how did most of the hairless breeds end up in Latin America? Well scientists believe that all the hairless breeds in Latin America are descendents of the Chinese Crested that were brought to the continent in pre-Columbian times. Their popularity rose, as the Inca's found that the naked, furless bodies were good for rheumatoid complaints. Much like a hot-water bottle!The hairlessness is due to a dominant gene. It is enough to have even one such gene to be totally naked!! Thus this trait is hard to outwit with human intervention, since it is enough for a dog to pass on only one gene, for the offspring to be hairless. It becomes easier to understand how these breeds can develop in distant areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America under these circumstances. There is only one hairless breed that needs two genes for hairlessness to occur. That is the American Hairless Terrier.
So which are the other 8 dogs that fall under the hairless category?
On 23 June 2007,Elwood, a two-year-old Chinese Crested and Chihuahua mix, was crowned the world's ugliest dog. Elwood, dark coloured and hairless – save for a mohawk-like puff of white fur on his head – is often referred to as Yoda or ET, for his resemblance to those famous science fiction characters. He was placed second last year. Most of the competing canines were also Chinese Crested, a breed that features a mohawk, bug eyes and a long, wagging tongue. Beyond the regal title of ugliest dog, Elwood also earned a $US1000 reward for his owner.
Click here to see a Youtube video of Elwood!


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Mosquito misting system installations now available!
Excellent customer service and quality end product. We would recommend using Illuminations for your outdoor lighting!
The information, assurances and other representations on this page (collectively the "information") have been provided by the advertiser and have not been verified by Dex. The advertiser is solely responsible for the accuracy and truthfulness of all such information including without limitation information provided concerning any certifications, specialties, licenses or the like and any warranties, pricing and/or discounts. You should contact the advertiser to verify the information contained in this advertisement before relying on it. Dex expressly disclaims any and all liability in connection with the information contained in this advertisement and any use thereof or reliance thereon.


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Contract Status
Prospects ReleasedSubmitted by pete on July 1, 2007 - 17:22
The following prospects are now unrestricted free agents and will be removed from BP's prospects page:
C Daniel Corso
D Sascha Goc
LW Eric Healey
D Marek Posmyk
RW Eero Somervuori
RW Stephen Baby
D Joe Rullier
G Morgan Cey
D Brady Greco
LW Adam Henrich
C John Toffey
CullimoreSubmitted by HockeyQueen on June 28, 2007 - 00:10
RDS.CA is reporting that the Montreal Canadiens have placed Jassen Cullimore and Tony Salmelainen on waivers but they went unclaimed. The Habs have announced they'll buy out the remainder of Cullimore's contract.
- HockeyQueen's blog
- 2 comments
- 1204 reads
In and OutSubmitted by pete on June 23, 2007 - 21:49
Erik Erlendsson blogs on who the Lightning will and won't qualify before July 1st according to Jay Feaster. Note: this isn't a complete list.
IN: Paul Ranger, Ryan Craig, Karl Stewart, Mike Egener, Mitch Fritz
OUT: Doug Janik, Brady Greco, John Toffey, Morgan Cey, Adam Henrich
Analysis on the flip.
Lightning Sign Justin FletcherSubmitted by pete on June 21, 2007 - 11:51
Also in today's St. Pete Times, Damian Crisdotero breaks down the Lightning system by NHL readiness. One surprise on the list: defenseman Justin Fletcher from St. Cloud State who played well during an ATO stint with the Springfield Falcons at the end of last season. According to Crisdotero, Fletcher has signed a one year deal with the Lightning organization.
There have also been rumors that the Lightning are interested in bringing Falcons tryout forward Jacob Micflikier into the fold in Norfolk as well, although nothing substantial has surfaced as of yet.
- 4 comments
- 1136 reads
Cristodero: Koshechkin Staying in RussiaSubmitted by pete on June 21, 2007 - 11:44
Damian Cristodero of the St. Pete Times is reporting on his blog goaltender Vasily Koshechkin will stay in Russia this season. Crisdotero cites a conversation with Koshechkin's agent Jay Grossman in which the netminder expressed a sense of obligation to honor the final year of his Superleague contract. Koshechkin's contract was recent sold from Lada Togliatti to Ak Bars Kazan of the Russian Superleague. Early reports from this summer that had Koshechkin on the way to CSKA turned out to be unsubstantiated.
- Login to post comments
- 586 reads


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Cool Short Films
My second video, made aboard a ship, I was coming back from a trip to Florence. I live in Sardinia, an Italian island, and near its coast I saw this beautiful sunrise, then I took my camera and i started to shot...I hope you like it.
Stock hv30, edited with vegas.
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Book Search
International Business
Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition
The new and updated edition of this widely used text is equally useful for undergraduate and graduate students of international business. Its student-friendly format, detailed coverage of classic and timely topics, and extensive use of case studies make it widely adaptable for different level...
Published October 23rd 2013 by Routledge
The Global Enterprise
Entrepreneurship and Value Creation
Practical insights on the role of the entrepreneur in the global business contextEntrepreneurial ideas that look great on the drawing board can turn out to be deal breakers when introduced in real markets, even when they've been put through the toughest business modeling tests. The Global...
Published November 22nd 2006 by Routledge


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See you at the Summer Show, July 17, 18, 19, 2015!!!
Summer Show flyer is here! FLYER
In case you didn't know, we have purchased the 30 acres behind the show grounds. We are growing our own wheat for the summer show! Keep checking back here or on our Facebook page. We will be posting when we are ready to cut and bind it before the show. The public will be able to come and watch us do it the old fashioned way!
We are still working out the details, but if you would like to have your wedding or other party at our grounds, please contact Jolene Bickel at (785) 484-2288.
Congratulations to Susan Figge who won the 2014 Bloomfield Raffle Quilt!
Our 2014 Summer Show and Fall Festival were both AWESOME!!!
We were thrilled to once again host the International Harvester Collectors. Please visit our Facebook page for pictures and details.
2013 Summer Show wrap-up:
Please see our Facebook page for pictures.
Our 36th Annual Threshing and Antique Tractor Show (2012) was great fun!
Pictures are up on our Facebook page, check us out there to upload your pics from the show.
Learn how we cut and bind the wheat for our show!
Our 2011 Summer show was HOT but fun!
Here is some of the press we received:
In addition to the International Harvester Collector's hosting their meeting with us in July 2010, Ag Am in Kansas featured our summer
show on their daily program.
Welcome to Cottonwood Station, a reproduction living history of an early day Kansas town. Developed and maintained by the Meriden Antique Engine and Threshers Association (MAETA), established in 1977. Our purpose is to preserve, through living history, early farming techniques, the appreciation of antique engines, occupations and cultures in small towns and rural areas of early Kansas.
We are pleased to offer private tours of our grounds year-round. Please contact Merril Lovendahl at (785) 986-6469 for appointments and information.
Meetings are at 7pm the 4th Sunday of every month (except December) in the General Store.
Please note: beginning in 2014, membership dues are going up to $20 for members age 12 and over.
If you are interested in membership, fill out our Membership Application and mail to: Meriden Threshers Association, 408 Main Street, Nortonville, KS 66060.
The Meriden Antique Engine and Threshers Association is a non-profit entity under the 501(c)(3) statute.


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Freddy E. Commits Suicide and Kat Stacks Calls Honey Cocaine the "Murderer"
"Fuck... my... life."
Those were among the last words of a 22-year-old MC named Freddy E. (born Frederick Eugene Buhl) who published 16 distraught Twitter updates in 107 minutes on Saturday, January 5, before killing himself.
Among the speculated motives for Buhl's suicide: A breakup with Toronto rapper Honey Cocaine about which he tweeted: "If there's a God then He's calling me back home. This barrel never felt so good next to my dome. It's cold & I'd rather die than live alone."
And obviously, even though she's approximately 3,352 miles away, Miami supergroupie Kat Stacks (freshly released from a Louisiana immigration detention center after two years) has joined the Twitter debate.
UPDATE Kat Stacks supports the Dream Act! So the supergroupie's tweet-chatting with DreamActivist.org and some undocumented youth.
See also:
-Kat Stacks Free! Supergroupie Won't Be Deported, Released After Two Years
It all began with Freddy E.'s stream of increasingly disturbing Twitter messages:
Via twitter.com/Freddy_E
Then after reports of Buhl's suicide surfaced and conjecture swirled about Honey Cocaine being the cause, the Toronto rapper responded via her own Twitter account @QueenHoneyC:
Via twitter.com/QueenHoneyC
Now, Freddy E. is believed to have died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. But while the King County Examiner's office has confirmed Buhl's suicide with the Seattle Times, the actual cause of death hasn't been released.
However, Kat Stacks (who was friendly with Buhl) claimed to have solved the case, even calling Ms. Cocaine a "murderer."
Via twitter.com/AdmireAndrea
Via twitter.com/AdmireAndrea
Surprisingly, though, Stacks eventually felt sorry and retracted her comments. And uncharacteristically, she also apologized.
Via twitter.com/AdmireAndrea
Via twitter.com/AdmireAndrea
Follow Crossfade on Facebook and Twitter @Crossfade_SFL.
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UW Today
This is an archived article.
March 19, 2010
Disability and DNA.
Marsha Saxton of the UC Berkeley Disability Studies Program will speak about the complex issues of genetic screening from the vantage point of disability rights, and show and discuss her film about physicians' interactions with adults with physical disabilities. 3:30–5:30 p.m., 202 CMU.


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Date: 1892-06 before
Description: Frank G. Lenz posed with his bicycle between railroad tracks in the northeastern United States.
Date: 1892-05
Description: Frank Lenz posed with his bicycle on a badly neglected stretch of road. A split-rail fence encloses a field behind Lenz.
Date: 1969-10
Description: Cover design on the magazine "Wisconsin Engineer". The image illustrates the story "The Population Explosion" by depicting a mass of starving people trying...
Date: 1929-01
Description: Front cover of International Trail magazine featuring an overhead view of city skyscrapers and downtown streets.
Date: 1908-03-15
Description: Cover of the National Vehicle magazine with the slogan "Everything on Wheels".
Description: Copy of Time Magazine cover with Daniel Hoan. Used for political campaign purposes.
Date: 1894-12
Description: An illustrated article in Godey's Ladies Book regarding "triumph of surgery" to improve one's facial features.
Date: 1864-06-18
Description: Engraved view of gunboats passing the dam in the Red River near Alexandria.
Date: 1910-01
Description: Back cover of "Harvester World" magazine. Features the International Harvester logo composed of wheat and corn stalks.
Date: 1947-01
Description: Cover of International Harvester World magazine showing a woman standing next to an International Harvester freezer. International Harvester also ma...
Date: 1950-08
Description: Frank Lloyd Wright posing on the cover of "Harvester World" magazine. Wright is sitting at a desk at Taliesin.
Date: 1969-11
Description: The front page of The Gaylord Nelson Newsletter published in November of 1969. The featured story is "Environmental Teach-In Planned".
Date: 1970-03-03
Description: The cover design of the magazine "Environmental Action: April 22" featuring a line drawing of multititudes of people clinging to and falling off of the Ear...
Date: 1962
Description: Front cover of International Trail magazine featuring a color photograph of a 1600 Loadstar Seven-Up delivery truck, outside the Oklahoma City's Pee...
Date: 1942-07-20 ca.
Description: Red, white and blue cover of Volume 3, Number 2 of the "Wisconsin Horseman" magazine advertising the horse show at the Wisconsin State Fair.
Date: 1892
Description: Portrait of Frank Lenz on his safety bicycle which he rode on a round-the-world tour. He is posed on a country road lined with fences and telegraph or tele...
Date: 1942
Description: Magazine advertisement celebrating the centennial of J.I. Case Co. of Racine, Wisconsin. Features a photograph of a contemporary tractor pulling a modern p...
Date: 1948-04
Description: International Harvester "Dealer News" edition cover featuring images showing the contruction of several bases of operations ("prototype" dealerships) aroun...
Date: 1938-01
Description: Front cover of International Trail magazine featuring color illustration of International truck in Havana, Cuba. The cover was designed by Havana ar...
Date: 1918
Description: Cover of the first issue of "International Trail" magazine. The text at the bottom of the cover reads, "a journal of confidential information for Internati...
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