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» News
INDONESIA POLLS: Policies take a back seat in battle of personalities
Publication Date : 07-04-2014
Outgoing President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has called on the leading presidential hopeful, Joko Widodo, to address public concerns about his ability to lead if elected.
Dr Yudhoyono's remarks, in a YouTube interview last Saturday, were reported on the Cabinet Secretariat website yesterday and echoes a theme that has run throughout the campaign that just concluded: Popularity aside, what are Joko's plans for his country?
Joko's main rival, Gerindra Party's Prabowo Subianto, has accused Joko of being a puppet who will do his master's bidding.
Joko has responded by saying he is the "people's puppet". That comeback is a reflection of the three-week general election campaign, which ended on Saturday, as a whole - big on personalities and short on policy details.
There were also plenty of attacks on the outgoing administration for a lack of leadership and corruption, as well as a flurry of campaign promises.
Absent was any real cut and thrust on whose programmes serve Indonesia best.
Calling on Joko, known as Jokowi, and others to debate policies, Dr Yudhoyono said: "Voters will be able to decide who is the best person to be president after my term ends."
Dr Yudhoyono's term ends on Oct 20, and the outcome of Wednesday's general election will determine which parties or group of parties get at least 20 per cent of seats or 25 per cent of the votes to field a pairing for the July 9 presidential poll.
Observers have also lamented this lack of serious debate on issues.
Of course, the focus on personalities is not confined to Indonesian politics. Around the world, omnipresent TV coverage and social media feed off the pulling power of key figures, and can eclipse policy discussions.
While observers acknowledge that this may be what voters want, they say that 16 years and four elections after the era of strongman Suharto, a more educated populace deserves more from their politicians, given the challenges facing the country.
"Political campaigns should enlighten national life and be dignified," Professor Ikrar Nusa Bhakti of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences wrote in the leading daily Kompas on Saturday. "Various forms of negative campaigning should have been replaced by a campaign that competes on programmes."
Parties like the PDI-P and Gerindra tend to adopt a more nationalist tone on issues, and Golkar and the Democrats portray themselves as the party of the middle ground, but in reality, when it comes to policies, there are few sharp ideological distinctions between them.
Dr Hui Yew-Foong, coordinator of the Indonesia Studies Group at Singapore's Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, says rather than building up and promoting platforms on various issues, parties have focused on getting electable candidates to get more votes.
"In order to attract voters and alienate as few as possible, most parties have adopted rather centrist positions, such that what differentiates them would be the political personalities that they have become identified with," he told The Straits Times.
Like the PDI-P and Gerindra, the bulk of campaign ads for Golkar zoom in on its presidential aspirant Aburizal Bakrie, while the Democrat Party often highlights the achievements of President Yudhoyono.
Agus Herta Sumarto of think-tank United Data Centre (PDB) says parties deliberately avoid touching policy issues, as these could invite attacks from opponents on their spotty record.
"It is better to talk about how their top leaders are honest and are close to the people," he told The Straits Times.
To be fair, all 12 parties competing for seats in the national Parliament and local assemblies make general pledges to improve the economy and lift the lot of the country's poorest.
But these remain vague, and stay away from going into tough questions such as the need to cut fuel subsidies so that more funds can go to improving education, health care and, especially, infrastructure.
But some warn that a focus on personalities could also result in other unworthy candidates getting elected on their coat-tails.
Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) deputy secretary-general Fahri Hamzah said last week: "Extremely popular politicians who have achieved cult status among their supporters open the door for legislative candidates with questionable track records to be elected."
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● BANGKOK: Democracy is best for economy, say Thai businessmen and academics


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San Diego, CA (PRWEB) August 15, 2014
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Clary Icon will work closely with the PMP Marketing team to promote sales, support, and training services for their OneScreen solutions to resellers in the Western area of the United States.
OneScreen h1 hubware and OneScreen SoftServe provide instant access to the familiar applications people need to work together in conference and classrooms or from mobile and laptop devices with teams around the globe – from video, audio, and web conferencing tools, to whiteboarding, presenting, innovating, and more. OneScreen eliminates barriers to workflow and provides easy access to all of the tools, information, and people that users need, irrespective of the technologies they prefer to use.
"OneScreen hubware as well as OneScreen SoftServe cloud-based collaboration hub, give our resellers the most effective solutions for customers who need high quality videoconferencing, web conferencing, interactive whiteboard, and collaboration tools in a single, top-quality, affordable package," said Eric Kamayatsu, President of PMP Marketing, Inc. " OneScreen solutions integrate well in our existing lineup of products and we are really excited to bring them to our integrator and reseller base."
About Clary Icon
When collaboration technologies work together, business can realize the benefit of people working together. Clary Icon manufactures OneScreen™ h1 and OneScreen™ SoftServe. OneScreen solutions break down the barriers to workflow and provide easy access to all of the tools, information, and people that users need, irrespective of the technologies they prefer to use. Headquartered in San Diego, Clary Icon has offices in Miami, Colombia, and Pakistan. Discover what your screen skills can do today at claryicon.com.
About PMP Marketing
PMP Marketing, Inc., founded over 30 years ago, is a full service manufacturer's representative firm specializing in sales and marketing of a broad range of products supporting both commercial and residential integrators. We are a highly dedicated team of sales professionals offering manufacturers over 100 years of combined, proven experience in the audiovisual market. PMP Marketing Inc. is headquartered in Whittier, CA and covers 13 western states. Learn more at pmpmarketing.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hugh Johnson's Pocket Wine Book 2007Hardback Hugh Johnson's Pocket Wine Book
List price $15.53
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- Publisher: MITCHELL BEAZLEY
- Format: Hardback | 288 pages
- Dimensions: 96mm x 192mm x 18mm | 222g
- Publication date: 30 September 2006
- Publication City/Country: London
- Edition: 30, Revised
- Edition statement: 30th Revised edition
- Illustrations note: 13x 2 colour maps
- Sales rank: 625,410
Product description
In celebration of its 30th year, this book has undergone a subtle revamping, while keeping the same authoritative tone and clarity of presentation that has come to characterise this classic. Hugh Johnson and his galaxy of expert contributors have refreshed the text more than ever, with added pages for Australia, Chile and Germany, as well as updated introductions to every country. New features, such as moving the vintage charts to the front endpapers, ensure this book remains "the definitive annual guide to wine", offering the "most accessible and valuable advice available".
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Author information
Hugh Johnson is the world's pre-eminent writer on wine. First published in 1977, his Pocket Wine Book sells hundreds of thousands of copies a year. His winning formula of insight, critical appraisal of the world of wine, plus valuable vintage news and wine recommendations has been often-imitated but never bettered. With the publication of his first book, Wine, Johnson established himself at the age of twenty-seven as the most refreshing and authoritative voice on the subject. During the past four decades he has written books that have become landmarks on the subject, including his classic The World Atlas of Wine, co-authored with Jancis Robinson, his Wine Companion, first published in 2003, and The Story of Wine. In his spare time he writes about gardening from his home in Essex.


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Industrial action planned from Thursday 4 June
Running through central London, find out how works might affect your journey
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Picture the following ....... A young man born in the United States, while vacationing in Canada, meets and falls in love with a Canadian woman. They get married and thereafter make their home in Vancouver, Canada, for the rest of their lives. The wife is highly successful in her career and accumulates significant wealth, nearly all of which is ultimately held in Canadian brokerage and bank accounts belonging solely to her and in her name. The wife dies suddenly in 2003, leaving her entire estate to her husband. He dies six years later, in 2009.
Following the husband's death, the Trustee of his estate comes across a document evidencing his U.S. Citizenship. He mentions this to his counsel, who, after seeking advice from her U.S. colleagues, discovers the following:
1. The fact that the husband was a U.S. citizen, never having renounced that, means that he was required to file a U.S. income tax return for each year of his life during which he earned income, including the years he spent living and working in Canada.
2. As a result of his late wife having left him her entire estate, their now combined estates are subject to U.S. Estate Tax. After certain limited available deductions, the estate will be taxed at approximately 35%. Had his Canadian wife not left him her estate, but rather passed some or all of it directly to their children, there would have been no U.S. tax liability on her estate, as she was a Canadian citizen who never resided in the U.S. or had U.S. citizenship....
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Gwinnett Baseball
5 - 10 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
Tweets por @Appszoom
+ By Emergence Corporation
This app is targeted to players, parents, and officials of North Gwinnett Baseball. Hear association announcements and up-to-the-minute status messages regarding rain delays, cancellations, and changes in venue with a single click.
Comments and ratings for Gwinnett Baseball
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|« Back to Article
Place cards add personal touch for the holidays
MARY VUONG, Copyright 2008 Houston Chronicle | December 10, 2008
Photo By Melissa Phillip/HOUSTON CHRONICLEHomemade pine cone place cards can add a festive and inviting touch to your holiday table setting.
As you entertain your way through the holidays, take a few minutes to personalize the dining table with place cards.
Try out these five easy and festive ideas:
1.Attach gift tags to wine glasses or water goblets at each place setting. This will show your guests where to sitandhelp them remember which glass is theirs.
2.Label each guest's name on a wooden Popsicle stick, then stick it in a small, potted plant that doubles as a place card and party favor. Tie a bow around the pots.
3.Run a roll of lightly colored wrapping paper down the table to serve as a runner. Anchor it with decorative Christmas items, then write each guest's name on the paper above their place setting.
4.Set a personalized greeting card on each plate.
5.Spray-paint pine cones, which are sold at craft stores, a glittery silver. Attach a place card to each.


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Reviewed By Michael R (Raleigh, NC) Reviewed for a 2012 Lexus CT 200h —5/11/2015 4:46 PM
This is a great cover. Fit like a glove. A little tight on the mirrors but that is the way you want it. I liked it do much I ordered one for my truck.
Reviewed By tim G (HIAWASSEE, GA) Reviewed for a 1996 BMW Z3 —5/20/2015 2:04 PM
I have a 1996 BMW Z3 that I must store outdoors due to the purchase of a new car that will be in the garage. This cover is very soft in the inside and durable of the outside. It fits like a glove. I like the elastic all around to secure the cover. It has been out in the rain and cold, wind and rain, and sunshine. Dries very easily after a rain. I will have to wait until next winter to see how it holds up under snowing conditions. But up until now, I would purchase this cover again.


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Need to know: Unhappy bankersStrange jobsGoldman dress code
By Kenan Machado and Shefali Anand
Diageo may get only a minority stake in Vijay Mallya's United Spirits, its deal for up to 53.4% of India's biggest distiller partly undermined by woes at Kingfisher Airlines. Read full report
By Kenan Machado
Liquor giant Diageo will launch a tender offer for a 26% stake in United Spirits between April 10 and April 26 as part of its $2 billion purchase of a majority stake in the Indian spirits maker, a person familiar with the matter said.
By Anirban Chowdhury
India's antitrust body has approved British liquor maker Diageo's up to $2 billion offer to buy as much as 53.4% of United Spirits. The Competition Commission of India said the deal "is not likely to have an appreciable adverse effect on competition in India.
By Ed Ballard
Diageo said it reached a joint-venture agreement under which it will pay $36 million for a 50% stake in the company which owns United National Breweries' traditional sorghum beer business in South Africa, with the other 50% to be held by a company affiliated to United Breweries Chairman Vijay Mallya.
By RUMMAN AHMED in Bangalore And KENAN MACHADO in Mumbai
Diageo said it will spend up to $2 billion for as much as a 53.4% stake in India's United Spirits, as the U.K.-based liquor giant expands its footprint in lucrative, fast-growing emerging markets.
By Rumman Ahmed, Dhanya Ann Thoppil and Simon Zekaria
Diageo said that it is in talks with United Spirits and its parent United Breweries Holdings to acquire a stake in the Indian spirits group, as the U.K.-based liquor giant continues its aggressive drive to expand its footprint in lucrative fast-growing emerging markets. Continue reading here.
By Peter Evans
Global drinks giant Diageo said it plans to invest more than £1 billion ($1.54 billion) in Scotch whiskey production over the next five years to meet growing demand in emerging markets. Read full story.
By Peter Evans of Dow Jones Newswires
Diageo said it has bought one of Brazil's biggest producers of cachaca, the country's best-selling spirit, as part of the U.K. drink maker's continued expansion into the lucrative Latin American market.
Deal Journal India is a one-stop destination following deals, deal-makers, private equity and venture-capital activity in India. The real-time blog is updated throughout the day with breaking news, exclusive analysis, commentary and profiles. Edited by The Wall Street Journal's Vibhuti Agarwal, Deal Journal India features contributions from the South Asia bureaus of The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires in Mumbai and Delhi as well as bureaus around the world. Reach our Editors at email@example.com or follow Deal Journal India on Facebook and Twitter.
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For technology jobs outside the financial industry users can visit Dice.com


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The government has proposed to recruit 700 doctors in the next three months to fill the vacancies in the Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in the State. Orders are being issued in this regard, said Chief Minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy.
Inaugurating the Accident and Emergency speciality blocks at the Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) in Hyderabad on Saturday, he said in about 400 PHCs, doctors were not present physically though they were on rolls.
Centralised drug stores
It was also proposed to set up centralised drug stores in every district. To start with, this facility would be provided in three districts. "The idea is to ensure that patients in government hospitals get all the medicines and need not have to purchase them from outside", the Chief Minister said.
The Chief Minister also laid the foundation stone for the Regional Institute of Para Medical Sciences (RIPS) and for the new building of government school at Erramanzil Colony.
Health and Education, he said, were the top priorities for the government. The speciality blocks at NIMS were being set up at a cost of Rs. 176 crore.
The Government of India was providing Rs. 90 crore under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana and the rest was the State government's contribution. The government was committed to providing all possible help for the development of NIMS. The Bibinagar campus of NIMS would be made functional soon. "People have lot of faith in this hospital. Ensure that this trust is maintained," Mr. Reddy told the doctors.
Stating that medical profession was the noblest, he said his mother wanted him to become a doctor. "But I was weak in science and couldn't become doctor," the Chief Minister remarked evoking laughter.
Referring to the Arogyashri scheme, he said so far, 4,350 surgeries were performed, mostly in private hospitals. Efforts were on to ensure that at least 40 per cent of the surgeries were done in government hospitals so that they got money and benefit. For this, the required number of doctors, operation theatres and other facilities would be provided, the Chief Minister said.
He said the expenditure on the 108 ambulance service was reduced and a tracking system was introduce to check the movement of vehicles.
Medical Education Minister, K. Murali Mohan, said with the inauguration of the new blocks NIMS would have 500 additional beds, 14 operation theatres besides latest equipment. Chief Minister had done his best to increase the medical seats in the State to 5,600.
Minister D. Nagender, K. Parthasarthy, S. Sailajanth spoke. NIMS director, Dharma Rakshak, said efforts were on to ensure inclusive growth of doctors and paramedical fraternity at the hospital. The RIPS being set up with Government of India support would have an intake of 1,000 student per year.
The government had allotted eight acres in the NIMS campus for RIPS which would start functioning from 2014.


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The Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA) tournament offers an ideal platform for rural sportsmen to exhibit their talents and excel in their chosen fields of sport, Collector Siddharth Jain has said.
Mr. Jain was speaking after inaugurating the district level PYKKA sports meet at Sardar Patel stadium in the town on Friday.
He said the government had accorded paramount significance to promote various sports, especially the traditional games such as kabaddi and kho-kho through PYKKA.
The budding rural sportsmen should utilise the opportunity to demonstrate their skills and become sportsmen of high repute, he said, and asked the Physical Education Directors to identify and encourage the talented sportsmen.
District Sports Development Officer Kabeer Das spoke.


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You are here: HomeRecommendations for Primary Care PracticePublished RecommendationsRecommendation Summary
Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening
Release Date: June 2009
Recommendation Summary
Summary of Recommendations
(What's This?)
|Pregnant Women
The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit.
|The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial.
Related Information for Health Professionals
Current as of: March 2015
Internet Citation: Recommendation Summary. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. June 2009.


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New legislation aimed at big banks isn't directed at breaking them up but is focused on providing more stability, say Sens. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, and David Vitter, R-La., authors of the bill. "There's a growing bipartisan consensus that 'too big to fail' is alive and well, that it's a problem, and more systemic reforms like looking at minimum capital standards is required," Vitter said.
View Full Article in:Wall Street Journal, The
Published in Brief:


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Influential Israeli Rabbi Ovadia Yosef in hospital
JERUSALEM The spiritual leader of an Israeli ultra-Orthodox political party was hospitalized after a suspected minor stroke in Jerusalem on Saturday, a development that could shake his party's fortunes and mute one of Israel's most influential voices.
Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, 92, is conscious and in a stable condition, Hadassah hospital spokeswoman Etti Dvir said, adding that doctors had requested he remain in the facility for several days for observation and further checks. She did not provide further details on his ailment.
The enigmatic, Baghdad-born Yosef is the chief spiritual adviser of the Shas party, which represents Israeli Jews of Middle Eastern descent. His followers consider his decisions as binding religious law - rare discipline in Israel's otherwise fragmented political landscape.
Israeli media reported he was rushed to Hadassah hospital after collapsing during morning prayers in a synagogue on Saturday morning.
Dr. Yuval Weiss of Hadassah told reporters Saturday night that the rabbi "likely had a very mild stroke."
"He is conscious and fully communicating with those around him," Weiss said. "I hope he can return home in a few days," he said.
Yosef's influence reaches beyond the party, which holds 10 seats in the 120-seat Israeli parliament. Comments from the rabbi, with his trademark turban, gold-embroidered robes and dark glasses, have cast a pall over political debates ranging from whether ultra-Orthodox Jews should be conscripted into Israel's military, to war and peace with Palestinians.
He is known for his fierce statements that have offended widely disparate segments of society, including Holocaust survivors, gays, Palestinians and secular Jews.
The rabbi said during a sermon in August 2010 that Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas should "perish from the world" and described Palestinians as "evil, bitter enemies of Israel." He later apologized for the remarks.
In 2007, he said that Israeli soldiers died in battle because they were not religious enough and said the victims of Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. suffered "because they have no God."
In 2008, Shas under his direction forced new elections by refusing to remain in the government after then-prime minister Ehud Olmert resigned.
Olmert's successor, Tzipi Livni, was unable to preserve a governing coalition because Yosef insisted she commit to not discussing the future of Jerusalem in expected peace talks with Palestinians.
Politicians from outside Yosef's party often lobby for his support on tough decisions, including whether to target arch-foe Iran.
Despite his often hawkish stances, Yosef has signaled he would support Israel's withdrawal from the West Bank, a territory Palestinians seek for their future state, if it saves lives.
Shas was predicted to recoup its seats when Israelis vote later in January, but the party's fortunes are unclear if Yosef remains hospitalized.
The rabbi is literally the face of Shas: On the main entrance to Jerusalem, Yosef's face is draped over a large building, urging people to vote for the ultra-Orthodox party, saying they will remember the poor.
Yosef has been hospitalized with heart problems in the past.
Shas party members were unavailable for comment because it is the Jewish Sabbath, when the devout refrain from non-lifesaving work.


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Wooden Cabinet
Brand New! Wooden Cabinet- Light Colored Wood. Has Doors In Front, Inside-2 Shelves,& Cubbies In Bottom. Asking-$450.00 Please Call-203)981-5913
May 28 -
Abalone Egg With Stand
Abalone Shell Egg, With Black Wooden Stand .Asking-$50.00 Please Call-203)981-5913
Pair Of Raggedy Ann & Andy Dolls
Both Are Size 7", By Knickerbocker, Both In Mint Condition! Asking-$60.00 For Pair! Please Call-203)981-5913
Vintage Victorian Arm Rocking Chair
Made Of Mahogany Wood, Red Patterned Seat , & Back Rest. Early 20Th Century. Very Good Condition! Asking-$300.00 Please Call 203)981-5913
Oak library card catalogs
The Bethlehem, CT Library has two quite old oak card catalogs for sale. There are 15 drawers per cabinet and each measures 33" wide x 14" high x 17.5" deep. There is no plastic in the construction and the hardware is (probably) brass. These have served the library very ...
May 26 -
random dodads
up for sale are items that we no longer need. everything here is in excellent shape, we are just looking to clear out. all the items you see listed here will be cleaned before you come to look/buy.
picture #1: various cd's (not scratched or skip), various vhs tapes, hand ...
May 24 -
22 classic coke bottles
up for sale is a collection of coca-cola bottles. these are about 10" high give or take. some have the caps still on them. no liquid is inside in any of them. some have the deposit text on them and others do not. the white text on all the bottles is nice and bright still, no ...
May 20 -
Queen Anne Walnut Glass Hutch
Glass Hutch originally paid $510.00 but willing to part with it because moving South.Stores books, glassware, dishes, etc. Also has wheels so it can be moved around easily. Similar to the kind you find in museums and libraries.
May 17 -
kodak printer/unused cartridges
up for sale is a kodak all in one printer and unused cartridges. this prints, scans, and copys. i'm upgrading to one that prints, scans, copys, and faxes. i haven't used this printer in a long time but last time i used it, it worked fine. i just need the fax for work. comes ...
May 17 -
Free Professional Head Lice Treatment
The Lice Treatment Center is a full service solution to head lice. We are looking for families to treat free of charge in order to train our up and coming summer technicians. Treatments will take place in our Monroe office on the following dates:
• Tuesday, May 19th
• ...
May 15 -
Gem Mining Equipment 18 to 24ft of Sluice
Gem mining sluice approx. 18 to 24 ft. of mining space. Would be great for a party room , day camp, any outdoor facility. Fun for the whole family. It is disassembled and ready to go to a new home. If interested call and I will direct you to a web site where you can see it ...
May 14 -
Blown Glass Vase
Beautiful Blue & Clear Glass, With Bubbles In Glass. Asking-$100 Please Call-203)981-5913
May 14 -
Antique Portrait Framed Photo
Family Portrait ,Black & White Photo, Framed In Good Condition! Asking-$250.00 Please Call-203)981-5913
Antique Standing Lady framed Print
Great Old Print, Framed, Asking-$200.00 Please Call-203)981-5913
Antique Wooden Horse
Hand Made, Hand Painted. Asking-$400.00 Please Call-203)981-5913
random things for sale
the following are all for sale and all prices are negotiable. please email with any questions or whatever price your comfortable with.
- noise cancelling headphones: these are NONAUDIO, strictly for shooting, or working with loud machinery. excellent condition.
- (2) door ...
May 3 -
few things for sale
the following are for sale and are all in great shape and unopened. they are no longer wanted and have just been sitting around useless for me here. please email with any questions or prices.
- bbq set: nothing wrong with it, never used, won at a raffle, do not need because ...
Meade brand tripod with adjustable height (2-4'), and 6" top with multiple attachment positions. Adjustable legs for uneven ground, and pointed feet for good hold. GOOD CONDITION, SEE PICS, PRICE 50.00, IF INTERESTED, USE REPLY LINK AND PROVIDE YOUR CONTACT INFORMATION, ...
May 2 -
Replacement Pager / Beeper starting at $43.50 - Page Plus - Nationwide
Quick Link——> http://order.pageplusaz.com/Replacement-Pagers-Numeric/
We are offering Replacement Pagers / Beepers for as low as $43.50($46.50 after shipping and handling)
Need a Replacement Pager? You're in luck PagePlus has got you covered. We have a selection of Quality ...
May 1 -
Travel Bag
Trade Winds bag, 22H 13 1/2W 6 1/2D
zippered front pocket
Apr 28 -
Living Room Set
Like New Living Room Ensemble. Includes Couch, Love Seat, Oversize Chair with Ottoman and toss pillows. Moving- MUST SELL!!!
Apr 27 -
New Fairfield
Dining Room- PERFECT!!!
Perfect condition Dining Room set includes 94" table w/2 leaves. 2 arm chairs, 4 side chairs, custom table pad and lighted hutch. Area rug also included. The set is literally "showroom new" condition. Outstanding quality. Moving- MUST SELL!!!
Wicker Porch Set
Beautiful rattan set includes Sofa, Chair w/ottoman, coffee table, side table, magazine rack and rug. Moving- MUST SELL!!!
Apr 26 -
New Fairfield
Master Bedroom Set
Queen Size Headboard/footboard. Dresser w/mirror. Armoir and 2 nightstands. Serta perfect sleeper mattress and boxspring included as well as 2 lamps. Excellent condition. Moving- MUST SELL!


text:
About Procter and Gamble
Four billion times a day, P&G brands touch the lives of people around the world. The company has one of the strongest portfolios of trusted, quality, leadership brands, including Pampers(R), Tide(R), Ariel(R), Always(R), Whisper(R), Pantene(R), Mach3(R), Bounty(R), Dawn(R), Gain(R), Pringles(R), Charmin(R), Downy(R), Lenor(R), Iams(R), Crest(R), Oral-B(R), Duracell(R), Olay(R), Head & Shoulders(R), Wella(R), Gillette(R), Braun(R) and Fusion(R). The P&G community includes approximately 135,000 employees working in about 80 countries worldwide. Please visit www.pg.com for the latest news and in-depth information about P&G and its brands.
About Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest
The Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest has been held at high noon every year since 1916, the year Nathan's Famous Hot Dogs opened on Surf Avenue in Coney Island, N.Y. The official 2010 Nathan's Famous Dot Dog Eating qualifying circuit visited more than 12 cities, including: Las Vegas, Nevada; San Jose, Calif., Foxboro, Mass.; Hartford, Ct.; Atlanta; Atlantic City, N.J.; Phoenix; Norfolk, Va.; Charlotte, N.C.; and Fishkill, N.Y. Major League Eating, the governing body of all stomach-centric sport, sanctions the Nathan's Famous Hot Dog Eating Circuit and ensures the contests are judged professionally and that safety standards are in place at each event. For more information, please visit www.ifoce.com.
Copyright©2010 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
In the 1970s and 1980s, there were those small brown road signs with white letters, along the entry towards the auto toll booth at the Magic Kingdom, with an AM radio station. If you dialed in on your car radio, you would here Disney characters discussing vacation options at the Magic Kingdom (and later EPCOT) such as parade times, fireworks shows, dining, park operating hours, etc
I'm not sure exactly when Disney phased this out, but it was always a thrill to listen in on our trip to WDW,
This was NOT the 1990s Radio Disney-esque station that you could pick up 100 miles away on the interstate. This was a property specific AM station for Disney Park information.
does no one here ave any information? Google s NOT my friend; I can't seem to find any online information, other than Radio Disney ?&$@?!!


text:
The news of the multiple baby bodies found stored in a garage in Utah has shocked the country, and many have been left pondering what could have led Megan Huntsman, the woman who has confessed to murdering six of the seven infants, to commit such a horrible act. According to the Salt Lake Tribune, Huntsman told police that she gave birth seven times between 1996 and 2006, and that she strangled six of those seven infants after their births, with the seventh being born stillborn. Each body was then wrapped in some sort of fabric, placed in an individual box, and stored in a cabinet inside her garage.
Her neighbors have responded with shock, claiming not only did they have no idea that she had been pregnant so many times over the years and was secretly giving birth, but that she was nothing but pleasant and friendly. A more common reaction seems to be contempt and disgust.
The situation is a horrible one, but even in bleak, heart-wrenching stories like this, there are lessons that can be learned.
1) This is why birth control access is important. Although the motive for Huntsman's actions are unknown at this time, there is little doubt that this is a woman who did not want these babies, for whatever reason. We can also assume that for whatever reason, Huntsman was not using anything to prevent pregnancy. With three older children, she had at least eight pregnancies in the 10 years between 1996 and 2006 — the seven bodies in the boxes and one teen child — as well as at least two pregnancies prior to that. It would be nearly impossible to become pregnant that many times using contraception, but, living in a highly religious community that frowns on birth control, access would have been difficult. Had she wanted to prevent pregnancy, she could have run into any number of roadblocks ranging from an unsupportive husband, a doctor who would refuse to write a prescription or a pharmacist unwilling to fill it.
This is why it is so important not just for those who want to not be pregnant or have children to be able to access contraception easily — without permission, without roadblocks and, most importantly, without stigma.
2) Safe haven laws matter. Utah has had a safe haven law in place since 2001, halfway through the period in which Huntsman allegedly killed her infants. The law allows a parent to leave an infant at a hospital within three days of its birth and not be punished or questioned. Safe haven laws can provide an out for a pregnant person who gives birth but does not want to keep the child, giving her the opportunity to place that child up for adoption without fear of repercussions and, for someone in Huntsman's situation, where she had managed to completely hide the pregnancy and birth, it could be done completely privately, keeping her secret safe.
3) Prenatal and postnatal care matters, for mother and child. Were all of the infants that Huntsman put in boxes really full term, or truly born alive and strangled? Much of that information is likely to come out once the trial begins. The fact that she states that one was stillborn does bring about the question of whether each child was in fact "full term" (37 weeks or later) or earlier, whether they suffered any medical issues from lack of prenatal care, or if there were other physical issues that might have been at play as well. What we do know is that without quality prenatal care, a baby is far more likely to be stillborn, to be born prematurely, or to have other health issues.
We also know that pregnancy is not easy, either physically or emotionally, on a pregnant person. There is enough evidence at this point to clearly show that Huntsman was likely pregnant serially for at least a decade straight, a situation that isn't easy even when you are carrying wanted pregnancies and you have a support network to assist you. Alone, isolated and hiding could only be that much worse. Other emotional issues, such as post partum depression or even post partum psychosis could potentially be factored in as well. Seeing a health care provider both during and after pregnancy isn't just about the health of the baby, but about the health of the mother as well, and it's care that Huntsman obviously did not receive.
It will be a long time before we truly understand what happened in this tragedy in Utah. But as we learn more, it might be good to remember that there may have been more than six victims in this situation. Huntsman may be one as well.
Read more: birth control, contraception, post partum depression, prenatal care, safe haven laws
Photo credit: Thinkstock
Where is the dad or daddies as the case may be? This woman needs help not prosecution.
I don't understand how she could go full term, and then strangle them! She could have given them up for adoption, for Pete's sake!
More "pregnant person" this and "pregnant people" that. The author of this article must know something the rest of us don't: Who is the MAN who got pregnant and when did he achieve this?
WOMEN get pregnant. Please cease this very annoying writing habit.
This poor woman is obviously seriously unbalanced and should not be held responsible for these murders if they are. She probably has had a terrible hormonal imbalance since the last live births and has not know what she is doing or thinks this is the only way she can cope. Restrictive societies like the one she lived in made it preferable to getting help and contraception. Appearance is everything in those places.
the article's premises are 100% accurate. truly horrible.
Access to contraception and abortion services prevents infanticide.
All the premises in the article are true and sensible (birth control access, safe haven, pre and post natal care) but none of them will affect the case of a woman with a hidden psychological problem that leads her to hide her needs and act out in such a horrifying way. There is some kind of illness here despite her "pleasant" appearance to the neighbors.
I place no judgement here but do find curious the why's and wish I knew what was going through her mind. this is not a new thing. Women kill babies all the time. And I agree that better in an abortion clinic than going full term. Personally I could never abort but I'm one of those that wants to protect my fellow sisters in whatever decision they chose for their own bodies.
ALL LIFE IS PRECIOUS and, minus rape and incest, should be thought about seriously BEFORE not AFTER the fact.
IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE, FEEL JAIL DEFINITELY NOT THE ANSWER TO A MIND ALREADY SO DAMAGED ... institutional containment of some sort, plus education and support which at this point may or may not help. Containment in a facility equipped to handle mental illness seems the best route, a jail sentence is useless.
Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may
not reflect those of
Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.
darlene.....your reference of Patrick Wanis (who sells things too) is a contributor to Match.com,, date.com…
Yes, Suba is quite the coward.
For the record Carol, I have stood by every single statement I have ever made. All you can do you repeat…


text:
Embodiments of the present invention disclose a transceiver module having a flexible circuit contained within a housing. The flexible circuit has various electronic components and either a photodiode or a laser transmitter disposed on and electrically connected to it. In alternate exemplary embodiments, both a photodiode and a laser are disposed on and connected to the flexible circuit. In addition, there can be electrical contacts disposed on and electrically connected to the flexible circuit. These electrical contacts can take the form of pads that are a standard form factor pluggable configuration, such as the Multisource Agreement Standard Form Factor Pluggable (MSA SFP) standard.
1. An optoelectronic module comprising:
a housing:
a flexible circuit comprising a foldable material, the flexible circuit mounted inside the housing, the foldable material having a first surface and a second surface and one or more electrical pathways;
at least one electrical component disposed on at least one of said first surface and said second surface of the foldable material, each said at least one electrical component being electrically connected to at least one of said one or more electrical pathways;
at least one of a laser and a photodiode disposed on one of said first surface and said second surface, said at least one of said laser and said photodiode being electrically connected to at least one of said one or more electrical pathways; and
a plurality of electrical contacts, at least some of which are disposed proximate an edge of at least one of said first surface and said second surface, the plurality of electrical contacts being configured and arranged to comprise at least a portion of an edge-card connector when the flexible circuit is folded in a predetermined configuration, the edge-card connector providing an interface from the flexible circuit to a device external to the housing.
2. The optoelectronic module of
3. The optoelectronic module of
4. The optoelectronic module of
5. The optoelectronic module of
6. The optoelectronic module of
7. The optoelectronic module of
8. An optoelectronic module comprising:
a housing within which a laser and an optical receiver are disposed; and
a flexible member including circuitry in communication with at least one of the laser and the optical receiver, the flexible member comprising a foldable material upon which the laser and optical receiver are disposed, the flexible member being disposed within said housing, said flexible member having an edge-card connector, the edge card connector comprising:
a first group of contacts disposed proximate an edge of said flexible member; and
a second group of contacts disposed proximate the edge of the flexible member;
wherein at least one of the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts provide an interface with a host that is external to the housing.
9. The optoelectronic module of
10. The optoelectronic module of
11. An optoelectronic module comprising;
a housing;
a folded flexible circuit disposed within said housing, the folded flexible circuit including substantially parallel first and second portions, the first portion being folded over the second portion;
at least one of a laser and a photodiode electrically connected to said flexible circuit; and
a pluggable edge-card connector that provides connectivity between the at least one of a laser and a photodiode and a device that is external to the housing, the pluggable edge-card connector comprising:
a first plurality of electrical contacts disposed proximate an edge of said first portion; and
a second plurality of electrical contacts disposed proximate an edge of said second portion.
12. The optoelectronic module of
13. The optoelectronic module of
14. The optoelectronic module of
15. The optoelectronic module of
16. The optoelectronic module of
17. The optoelectronic module of
18. A flexible circuit, comprising:
a flexible member comprising a foldable material, the flexible member mounted within a housing;
a plurality of electrical pathways attached to the flexible member;
at least one electrical component positioned on the foldable material and arranged for communication with at least one electrical pathway; and
first and second pluralities of electrical contacts disposed proximate an edge of said flexible member, the electrical contacts being configured and arranged to comprise at least a portion of an edge-card connector when the flexible circuit is folded in a predetermined configuration and being configured to provide an interface to a device external to the housing.
19. The flexible circuit as recited in
20. The flexible circuit as recited in
This application is related to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/836,134 filed on Apr. 30, 2004 and entitled "Integrated Optical Sub-Assembly Having Epoxy Chip Package", which is incorporated by reference.
1. The Field of the Invention
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to transceiver modules, and more specifically, to transceiver modules constructed using flexible circuitry in place of a printed circuit board.
2. The Relevant Technology
Transceiver modules come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the specific function they are designed to perform. Optoelectronic transceiver modules typically contain a transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA), a receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA), and a printed circuit board (PCB) that controls the TOSA and ROSA. This PCB also connects the transceiver module to external devices using the various electrical circuits associated with the PCB.
Various standards setting organizations define the size and shape of optical transceivers. As with most electronic components, over the past several years the size of optical transceivers has been shrinking as electronics engineers fit more and more electrical circuitry into smaller and smaller packages. Unfortunately, as the number of electrical components and the tolerances between components on a PCB increases, and particularly as the density of these components increases, the manufacturing complexity and expense correspondingly increase.
PCBs are typically composed of a substrate, such as glass, plastic, or silicon, on which are printed or etched electrical circuits. In an attempt to alleviate the complexity and expense associated with filling one side of a PCB with circuits, designers can put circuits on both sides of the PCB. While this helps ease the premium on space, it even further complicates the manufacturing process.
Additionally, no matter how small PCBs become, they have limited space to receive electrical circuits. Also, the size of the PCB is limited by the size of the transceiver package; this size governed by industry standards. Even with sophisticated techniques to pack the most electrical circuitry possible onto the PCB, the physical space limitations presented by the device standards cannot be overcome. As the density of the circuitry increases, the costs of manufacture increase substantially.
Providing an optimal connection between a TOSA and/or a ROSA and a PCB can be difficult. For example, within a transceiver module, the TOSA and the ROSA must be positioned accurately within small tolerances to achieve the desired optical performance. Similarly, the PCB must typically be precisely positioned for its connections to adjacent devices. Adding a third layer of rigid alignment requirements (the PCB to the TOSA and/or ROSA) makes accurately positioning the internal components difficult. Additionally, the TOSA and the ROSA often experience vibration and movement as optical cables are moved, attached, and detached. The PCB may be damaged or even crack if it rigidly attaches to the TOSA and/or ROSA at one end and a transceiver module housing at the other. Thermal contraction or expansion can also cause problems if the devices are rigidly attached.
To eliminate some problems with manufacturing a transceiver, flexible circuits may be disposed between the TOSA and/or ROSA and the PCB. The flexible circuit electrically interconnects the TOSA, ROSA, and PCB while isolating the PCB from vibration, thermal expansion or contraction of the adjacent devices. During production, the PCB may be mechanically fixed in place while the TOSA and/or ROSA are free to move. Use of the flexible circuit accommodates for variations in device subassembly position and enables precise connection and alignment of the TOSA, ROSA, and the PCB.
To contain and protect the active devices within the TOSA and/or ROSA, the TOSA and/or ROSA may include a transistor-outline (TO) header. The TO header allows the electrical connection of the active devices in the TOSA and/or ROSA to the PCB, such as by way of a flexible circuit board or otherwise. With respect to their construction, TO headers often include a cylindrical metallic base with a number of conductive pins extending completely through, and generally perpendicular to, the base. One conventional method of conductively connecting a flexible circuit to a TO header includes pins on the TO header that connect to reinforced openings on one end of the flexible circuit, which are then soldered to affix the flexible circuit and ensure reliable connections. In turn, the other end of the flexible circuit attaches to "finger" like traces on the rigid PCB, via soldering or otherwise. Such soldered contacts are typically aligned in a linear-row along the edge of the PCB.
The general construction of such an optoelectronic module 100 is shown in
The entire optoelectronic module 100 connects to a computer system that controls the operation of the transceiver module. The computer system, such as a host system, can direct module 100 to transmit an optical signal by directing an electronic signal through PCB 106 and into TOSA 102. The TOSA 102 then generates an optical signal via an internal laser or light emitting diode (LED) that propagates into an outgoing optical cable at port 116. Similarly, ROSA 104 receives an optical signal via a photodiode from the incoming optical cable at port 116 and transmits the signal to PCB 106 and on to the computer system. Specific details of the connection of flexible circuits to PCBs can be found in co-pending and co-owned U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 10/409,837, filed on Apr. 9, 2003 and entitled "Flexible Circuit for Establishing Electrical Connectivity with Optical Sub-Assembly", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
One problem associated with the design shown in
In order to overcome the limitations discussed above, exemplary embodiments of the present invention disclose an optoelectronic module. According to one aspect, the optoelectronic module is simple to fabricate and so reduces assembly time and cost. The optoelectronic module can include a flexible circuit mounted within the optoelectronic module's housing and connects to the laser and/or photodiode of the module. The flexible circuit also includes contacts or pads that facilitate connecting the module to an external device, such as a box or patch panel. In this manner, a single flexible structure is used instead of the combination of a rigid printed circuit board and multiple flexible circuits.
According to another aspect, the weight of the optoelectronic module is reduced through including the flexible circuit. The flexible circuit weighs less than a printed circuit board and so makes the overall weight of the optoelectronic module lesser than existing optoelectronic modules.
According to still another aspect, increased reliability of the optoelectronic module is achieved through performing testing of components prior to mounting within the optoelectronic module's housing. Since various electrical components, such as TOSAs, ROSAs, laser, and laser diodes, can mount directly to a flexible circuit of an optoelectronic module, testing procedures can be performed prior to mounting the flexible circuit within the optoelectronic module's housing. This increases the reliability of completed optoelectronic modules.
According to another aspect, an optoelectronic module is more resistant to vibration, jarring, or excessive movement than existing optoelectronic modules. A flexible circuit is capable of dampening the adverse affects of vibration, jarring, or excessive movement as optical cables are moved or attached and detached because the flexible circuit can flex. Unlike printed circuit boards that are substantially rigid, the flexible circuit can move under the influence of vibration, jarring, or excessive movement and so limit damage to the mounted electrical components. This prevents device breakage or loss of electrical or optical contact either from a single forceful event or from the gradual effects of vibration and optical cable attachment and detachment. This ability to move also provides an outlet for differential thermal contraction/expansion. Additionally, flexible circuits are more compliant than rigid printed circuit boards, which can enhance the fatigue life of solder joint connections to Ball Grid Array and Flip Chip array components in severe thermal cycle environments, such as are found in telecommunications applications.
According to another aspect, the flexible circuit provides an expanded surface area over printed circuit boards and so it is easier to construct the optoelectronic module using such circuits. Further, the flexible circuits allow the electrical components to be spaced farther apart and, since putting components closer together generally results in increased expense in both design and manufacture, the optoelectronic module is less expensive to produce and simpler to manufacture than existing modules.
Generally, the optoelectronic module can connect to patch panels and boxes that enable the transceiver module to optically and electrically communicate with an optical network. Associated with the optoelectronic module is a flexible circuit having a first surface and a second surface. Mounted to either or both of the first surface and the second surface are one or more electrical components. In addition, at least one of a laser and a photodiode are disposed on one of the flexible circuit. The flexible circuit also includes one or more contacts or pads that facilitate connection to the patch panel or box. The flexible circuit both connects to the patch panel or box and the laser and/or photodiode of the optoelectronic module.
According to one configuration, the optoelectronic module includes a housing that can receive the flexible circuit, the electrical components, the laser, and/or the photodiode. This housing is configured in accordance with one or more industry standards. For instance, the optoelectronic module, and hence the housing, can be of a small form factor pluggable type.
The optoelectronic module described herein can optionally include a protective material that covers at least one of the photodiode and the laser. The protective material can be an optically clear resin or epoxy that is applied as a liquid and hardens to create the protective material. When optically clear resins or epoxies are used, light can pass through the epoxy or resin into the photosensitive area of the photodiode or can alternately pass out of the active area of the laser and be guided into a fiber optic cable optionally through use of a suitable mechanical connector. The optically clear resin or epoxy prevents liquid moisture and contaminants from reaching the laser or photodiode surface and protects delicate wire bonds from handling damage.
In another alternate exemplary embodiment, optoelectronic module includes a flexible circuit and housing that conform to the Standard Form Factor Pluggable Multi-Source Agreement (MSA SFP) module standards. Disposed on the flexible circuit is a TOSA, a ROSA, and control circuitry. The TOSA and ROSA can be in a transistor outline (TO) header package. Alternately, the TOSA and ROSA can be fixed within the housing without a TO package.
In another exemplary embodiment, the flexible circuit and housing make up a standard transceiver module. This module can connect to a network using standard connectors, such as, but not limited to a GBIC connector, a 20 pin SFP connector, etc. The flexible circuit contains all of the circuitry to achieve operation of the module.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
Reference will now be made to
With reference to
In this exemplary embodiment, flexible member 202 has first and second elongated sections 204 a, 204 b on one end, and third and fourth elongated sections 206 a, 206 b, on an opposite end. Disposed on flexible member 202 are one or more electrical components 212, a laser 214, and a photodiode 216. It will be understood that the laser and the photodiode are also "electrical components" or "components". A plurality of wires 218 connects these components to electrical conductors in flexible member 202. Additionally, disposed on flexible member 202 are electrical connectors or pads 210 for connecting flexible circuit 200 to external devices, such as a router, network switch, mass storage device, computer, or other electrical component.
Flexible member 202 can be manufactured using a variety of materials such as polyimide, polyester, LCP, Teflon, or other material having the desired flexibility and strength characteristics. The specific flexible circuit embedded in flexible member 202 can be a waveguide design (for example microstrip, coplanar waveguide, slotline, or the like) to confine and propagate electromagnetic waves along flexible circuit 200. Microstrips have an unbalanced transmission trace structure. In one configuration, this structure can include a ground plane, such as a layer of copper or other conductive material, on the back side of a substrate of flexible circuit 202. This structure can further include the dielectric material of flexible circuit 202, and a relatively narrow strip on the top side of flexible circuit 202. When a microstrip is used with a 10 Gig circuit, the controlled impedance lines can be used for all signal lines of the circuit. These narrow strips can be the controlled impedance lines and can extend, in one example, from the photodiode to the post amplifier. Coplanar waveguides, as their name suggests, are formed on the planar surface of flexible circuit 202 with ground areas which parallel a signal trace on both sides of flexible circuit 202. One exemplary embodiment of the present invention uses microstrip or coplanar waveguide designs. However, any flexible circuit waveguide structure may be compatible with various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention.
To ensure that electrical components 212 function correctly, the proper impedance is chosen for flexible circuit 200. In the case of a microstrip, the impedance of a microstrip is determined by the width of the trace above the ground plane, the thickness of the substrate, and the dielectric of the substrate. For a coplanar waveguide, the impedance of a coplanar waveguide is determined by the overall size of the signal trace, substrate thickness and dielectric, and the width of the gaps on either side. Such design considerations are known to and routinely made by, one skilled in the art.
The specific exemplary configuration of flexible member 202 shown in
Each of the one or more electrical components 212 can be any of a number of standard or special purpose electrical devices forming part of flexible circuit 200. By way of example and not limitation, each of the one or more electrical components 212, illustrated in
In the exemplary embodiment of
In one configuration each type of component is placed by a different kind of equipment during the manufacturing process. Illustratively, COB process can involve taking an unpackaged semiconductor die, gluing it on flexible member 202, wirebonding the electrical connection to pads, such as, but not limited to, gold or other metallic pads, on flexible member 202, and then adding epoxy or resin potting material over the wirebonds and die to protect it from damage. The epoxy or resin potting material is sometimes known as "glop-top" material. The COBs are usually semiconductors designed and manufactured for a specific company. Such semiconductors are sometimes known as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs).
Utilizing the COB process reduces costs and eliminates paying third parties to pre-package the ASICs into an SMT package and mount the SMT package.
In an alternate exemplary embodiment, SMT components can be attached to flexible member 202 by screen-printing solder paste on metal pads (not shown) plated on flexible member 202. The metal pads can be, by way of example and not limitation, gold, or silver, solder coated pads, or other metallic pads, whether coated or uncoated. Surface mount devices (SMDs) can be placed in the solder paste usually by an automated, vision controlled, and placement machine. The solder paste can act as a temporary adhesive to hold the parts on the board. After component placement, the assembly can pass into an oven, which heats the entire assembly to above the melting point of the solder, causing the solder to melt and mass form all of the solder joints. Alternately, conductive adhesive can be used instead of solder paste. The SMD components can be placed in the conductive adhesive and the assembly sent through an oven (much lower temperature than for soldering) where the conductive adhesive cures, bonding the components to the board. Such conductive adhesive can be, by way of example and not limitation, a silver loaded epoxy.
With continued reference to
With reference now to
In addition to including structures to function as an "edge-card" connector, electrical connections can also be made across, around, or through flexible member 202 using, by way of example and not limitation, additional connecting wires 220 or pins 221. Those skilled in the art realize that there are machines which take a reel of pins and automatically drive a pin 221 through a pre-made hole in flexible member 202. These pins 221 can have a cross section that facilitates wedging the pin into flexible member 202. For instance, the pin can have a star cross section or some other cross section that facilitates attachment of the pin to the flexible member 212. One reason to use pins 221 instead of additional wires 220 is that sometimes, in high frequency applications, the long signal path used by the wires is not desired. The pins 221 provide a short path from one component to another.
While the exemplary embodiment of flexible circuit 200 is shown as folding in the middle to create a dual layered structure, those skilled in the art will realize that flexible circuit 200 can be fabricated from a flexible member that could be folded two or more times, depending on the configuration of the circuitry and the shape of flexible member 202. Additionally, the specific location of electrical components 212, whether SMT components, COB components, or other types of components, is arbitrary. It is anticipated that any configuration of electrical components disposed on a flexible circuit for use in a transceiver module falls within the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Some or all of electrical components 212 and connecting wires 218 can be fixed in place using epoxy or resin potting adhesive (glop top) methods known in the art.
One electrical component that can be mounted on flexible member 202 is laser 214 and more specifically, a laser package.
Laser package 250 can also include a can or housing 262 placed over laser diode 214 and connected to base or substrate 252. Housing 262 can have a window 264 to pass the optical signals generated by laser diode 264. Window 264 can be made form any material that will pass an optical signal in the frequency range generated by laser diode 214. In one exemplary embodiment, housing 262 can be a standard transistor outline (TO) header assembly known to those of skill in the art. The TO header can be made from a wide variety of materials, including but not limited to, metal, plastic, ceramic, hybrids, glass, synthetic materials, natural materials, and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, housing 262 can be made of metals such as Kovar or Alloy 42 so that clear glass window 264 can be hermitically sealed to the metal using the well known process of glass-to-metal sealing. The base or substrate 252 can be attached by seam welding the metal can or housing 262 to the base. Alternately the can may be soldered to the base using a high temperature solder. In another alternate embodiment, housing 262 can be being made from a ceramic material resulting in use of a ceramic-to-metal sealing.
In an exemplary embodiment, housing 302 conforms in size and shape to the Multisource Agreement Standard Form Factor Pluggable (MSA SFP) standard. In an alternate exemplary embodiment, housing 302 conforms in size and shape to the 10 Gb/s standard form factor pluggable (XFP) standard. However, those skilled in the art will realize that other sizes and configurations of housing 302 are also contemplated, including housings for electronic rather than optoelectronic modules.
Flexible circuit 304 mounts within housing 302. Disposed near one end of flexible circuit 304 are a transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) 310 and a receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA) 312. Disposed on an opposite end of flexible circuit 304 is an elongated section 314 having a plurality of electrical contacts or pads 316. Electrical contacts 316 are sized and configured to connect module 300 to external devices, such as electrical sockets mounted to network switches, routers, or mass storage devices. In an exemplary configuration, electrical contacts 316 are sized and configured to meet MSA SFP standards. In an alternate exemplary embodiment, electrical contacts 316 are sized and configured to meet the 10 Gb/s standard form factor pluggable (XFP) standard. However, those skilled in the art will realize that any other standards, including proprietary configurations, and non-standard contact architectures can be used and fall within the scope of embodiments of the present invention.
In this exemplary configuration, flexible circuit 304 is shown as being folded in half approximately lengthwise, in a similar configuration to flexible circuit 200 illustrated in
To limit movement of flexible circuit 304, the interior of housing 302 generally mates with flexible circuit 304. For instance, housing 302 can include hold down tabs 320 that limit movement of flexible circuit 304. The hold down tabs 320 are configured to secure flexible circuit 304 in place within housing 302. These tabs 320 extend sufficiently into an interior of housing 302 to restrain flexible circuit 304. The tabs 614 can prevent movement of flexible circuit 304 in a direction parallel to and/or perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of housing 302. Housing 302 can also include other edges, tabs, or other structures to limit movement of flexible circuit 304, such as intermediate portions 322 and 324. Portion 322 limits movement of flexible circuit 304 towards front end 306, while portion 324 limits movement of flexible circuit 304 towards rear end 308. The interior of housing 302 may thus closely match a perimeter of the folded flexible circuit 304.
In addition to hold down tabs 320, other mechanical structures could be used to secure flexible circuit 304. Such mechanical structures can include, by way of example and not limitation, other tabs, ridges, prongs, slots, studs, or other structures designed to hold flexible circuit 304, TOSA 310, and ROSA 312 in a fixed position within housing 302. This allows external cables to be connected to TOSA 310 and ROSA 312 without disturbing the optical alignment necessary to pass signals from module 300 to external devices, such as, but not limited to, other modules at remote locations.
To assist in holding TOSA 310 and ROSA 312 in place, either or both can be disposed in a separate container package, and the package mounted to flexible circuit 304. Such a package could include, but is not limited to, a transistor outline (TO) header package. Those skilled in the art will realize that other container packages are also possible. Additionally, the optoelectronic module using flexible circuit 304 could also be a standard or proprietary electronic module with compatible components fixed on flexible circuit 304.
General advantages of the exemplary embodiments of flexible circuits disclosed herein include size and weight reduction, reduced assembly time and costs, increased system reliability, improved controlled impedance, improved heat dissipation, and three-dimensional packaging capability. Because flexible circuits can seamlessly integrate form, fit, and function, flexible circuits can provide an excellent means of reducing assembly time of a product. Other benefits are derived from the ability to reduce the number of assembly operations required, and from the user's ability to construct and test the circuit completely prior to committing the circuit to assembly.
Additionally, after assembly the flexible circuits protect the TOSAs, the ROSAs, and other electrical structures from vibration, jarring, or excessive movement as optical cables are moved or attached and detached. This prevents device breakage or loss of electrical or optical contact either from a single forceful event or from the gradual effects of vibration and optical cable attachment and detachment. This isolation also provides an outlet for differential thermal contraction/expansion.
Since the exemplary embodiments of flexible circuits disclosed herein have an expanded surface area over printed circuit boards, it is easier to construct transceiver modules using such circuits. Additionally, the flexible circuits allow the electrical components to be spaced farther apart. Since putting components closer together generally results in increased expense in both design and manufacture, the exemplary embodiments of the optoelectronic modules herein are less expensive to produce and simpler to manufacture.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
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Family Feast
Turkey anchors all Thanksgivings, but families flavor the meal with preparation and sides—like my mother's marshmallow-topped sweet-potato tsimmes
When I was writing The Jewish Holiday Kitchen in 1979, I included my family's modern take on a traditional sweet-potato tsimmes, which includes pineapples and marshmallows—unconventional ingredients in a Jewish recipe. The press loved the book, with one exception: In Kirkus, the reviewer suggested that my sweet-potato tsimmes with pineapple and marshmallows was more suitable for Thanksgiving than one for Sukkot, as I had categorized it. The recipe, she said, was quintessentially American. She wasn't wrong, entirely: To me, the dish—both American and Jewish—was a must at Sukkot, back in my Sukkah-building days, when my children were young, and it was and is a must at our Thanksgiving table, too.
It makes sense that we'd have this dish on both occasions. Thanksgiving is in part patterned after the Harvest Home, an English celebration after the fall harvest. And Harvest Home was, in turn, modeled on Sukkot, a holiday that typically falls in late September or early October.
The inspiration for including the recipe was simple: my mother. She is a first-generation American who grew up eating this sweet potato dish at every holiday—Jewish and secular. Her inclusion of this tsimmes at non-religious festivals is similar to what I've see happening around the country for ages—new immigrants and people who have been here for generations integrating ethnic and regional character into their Thanksgiving meals. What anchors all of these meals is, of course, the iconic turkey. But what surrounds that centerpiece differs from community to community and includes everything from Armenian stuffed grape leaves to Vietnamese spring rolls to matzoh ball soup, or even a traditional tsimmes of sweet potatoes and carrots. These dishes tell you who you are.
Though the turkey is the holiday's commonality, its provenance tells different stories. Turkeys today can be heritage breed, kosher, organic, fresh, pasture raised, wild, or frozen Butterballs, the favorite of the late Julia Child. That range of choices is a relatively recent development; until the early 1990s almost everybody bought a factory-processed turkey.
Last month I spent a day on the tractor with Joel Salatin, immortalized by Michael Pollan in The Omnivore's Dilemma, at his family's farm, Polyface, in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. Salatin, a fundamentalist Christian, raises two kinds of free-range turkeys in his pasture and slaughters them humanely with a quick cut across the neck, "in the biblical way," he explains—that is, according to Jewish dietary laws.
Across the country, many people are turning to farmers like Salatin, who thinks hard about the life and the death of his animals. Kosher producers like Wise Organic Pastures, Kosher Valley, and the two-year-old Grow and Behold Foods are following Salatin's lead. "I feel like a turkey hunter before Thanksgiving," said Naftali Hanau, Grow and Behold's CEO and founder, who has been running around the country trying to find pasture-raised turkey, fed on non-GMO (genetically modified organism) feed. "Our customers have found that our turkeys have flavor and don't dry out like conventional ones," he says. Thanksgiving is a time when people who don't generally eat meat indulge, Hanau says, and when they do, they want birds that are sustainably produced and slaughtered humanely.
If every family has its traditional sides, each also adds personal flourishes to turkey preparation. Linda Schiffer, a cooking teacher who offers a course called "In Bubbie's Kitchen" at Middlebury College in Vermont, and her husband, Ira, the Hillel rabbi there, are turkey aficionados and prepare their bird with an apple-cider brine. Before they even get to that stage, they take great care picking out their bird. "I look at Vermont turkeys from farms that are growing free-range turkeys sustainably, turkeys that don't get overheated by being cooped up and are naturally nice and plump," Linda told me a day after she went fishing for local salmon and trout on Lake Champlain.
In addition to using local apples and cider to make her turkey, Linda, also prepares a terrine of turkey, goose, and duck as a first course. When she has guests who observe kashrut, as she will next week, she buys a kosher bird at a supermarket in Burlington, 50 miles away. Otherwise, she buys local turkeys from Misty Knolls Farm just down the road from her house. "I used to have a kosher kitchen, but a few years ago when I read an article about Aaron's chicken and how they were slaughtered, I went local," she says, referring to the Agriprocessors' owner, Aaron Rubashkin. Now, "I can see how they are raised, how they live their life and how they are slaughtered," she says. "This is an extension of our commitment to local and sustainable." Brining, even if she has a kosher turkey—which is salted in the kashering process—has become her custom as well. Linda brines "because kosher is just the salt," she says, "and I am adding flavors like brown sugar, thyme, and cider." She brines for only 24 hours. "Otherwise the meat gets mushy," she advises. "Longer is not necessarily better."
As I prepare for Thanksgiving this year, I am finally adopting the Schiffers' brining tradition. It has always tempted me, as the reduced cider makes the skin aromatic and golden. And, as everyone in my family knows, the skin is the best part of the bird. But despite the appeal of every new sweet-potato dish in magazines this fall, we'll still rely on our favorite tsimmes recipe, topped with the marshmallows and laced with pineapples, served in our traditional turquoise, oven-safe casserole dish.
Home for the Holiday
Thanksgiving means family reunions—for some people. For others, it offers an opportunity to stay home and be grateful for having cut those ties.
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Mark VII Limited
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (January 2015)
Mark VII Limited (or Mark Seven Limited) was the production company of actor, producer, and director Jack Webb, and was active from 1951 to Webb's death in 1982. Many of its series were produced in association with Universal Television; most of them aired on the NBC television network in the U.S.
The Jack Webb estate now owns the rights to the library, with the exception of the original 1954 feature film version of Dragnet (originally released by Warner Bros., but now owned by Universal Pictures), and the films Pete Kelly's Blues and The D.I. (which are controlled by original distributor Warner Bros.).
However, Webb's three seminal series, Dragnet (the 1967-1970 incarnation), Emergency!, and Adam-12, are now available on DVD from either Universal or Shout! Factory, the first two under license from the Webb estate, the latter in-house since Universal was reassigned the Adam-12 series copyright. The Me-TV and Antenna TV Television Networks also air episodes of the Mark VII Limited shows.
Programs produced by Mark VII[edit]
All series aired on NBC except as noted.
- Dragnet, 1951-1959
- Noah's Ark, 1956-1957
- The D.A.'s Man, 1959
- Pete Kelly's Blues, 1959
- GE True (1962-1963) (CBS)
- Dragnet, 1967-1970
- Adam-12, 1968-1975
- The D.A., 1971-1972
- O'Hara, U.S. Treasury, 1971-1972 (CBS)
- Emergency!, 1972-1979
- Hec Ramsey, 1972-1974
- Escape, 1973
- Chase, 1973-1974
- Sierra, 1974
- Mobile One, 1975 (ABC)
- Project U.F.O., 1978-1979
- Sam, 1978 (CBS)
Mark VII's final production was The 25th Man, an unsold television pilot that aired on NBC in 1982.
The Mark VII production logo is one of the more recognizable logos of its time and has become iconic, with many instances of filmmakers and production companies paying homage to it in various ways, most notably, the Williams Street logo of Adult Swim/Cartoon Network programming.
External links[edit]