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The disclosure is of a remote process sensor and signal transmitter including apparatus for configuring the sensor and transmitter to perform various functions. The transmitter includes a program and apparatus for cycling through the program and the system microprocessor to set into the transmitter various conditions including its temperature range of operation, one of many possible remote temperature sensors and other operating states. The program includes two portions each of which can be entered by a switch. Each portion of the program can be cycled through and as selected portions of the program are reached, a selected parameter can be set into the microprocessor as a permanent operating condition. The set operating conditions can be set or reset at any time by cycling through the program in accordance with the set protocol.
1. A remote signal sensor and transmitter and means for configuring parameters therein comprising
a multiplexer circuit having a plurality of input terminals and an output terminal,
a remote sensor connected to selected input terminals of said multiplexer,
an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter having an input and an output, the input being connected to the output of said multiplexer,
a microprocessor having first second and third input terminals, and an output terminal,
the output of said A/D converter being connected to said third input terminal of said microprocessor,
said microprocessor having an associated random access memory (RAM) for temporary storage of data, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) for storing a program and an electrically erasable read only memory (EEPROM) for the storage of data used for configuring parameters in said signal sensor and transmitter,
a source of potential connectable by an operator by a first lead to said first input terminal on said microprocessor to provide said potential on said first terminal,
said source of potential connectable by said operator by a second lead to said second input terminal on said microprocessor to provide said potential on said second terminal,
said first and second leads connected through identical resistors to a positive power supply which is normally applied to said first and second terminals on said microprocessor,
said microprocessor having said output terminal connected to a load circuit having output terminals,
output load terminals connected to said load circuit,
a circuit connected across said output load terminals including a low voltage positive power supply in series with an ammeter, and
a software program in said EPROM circuit including (1) a first series of steps each related to a specific portion of said sensor and transmitter and (2) a second series of steps each representing a parameter related to a step in said first series, said microprocessor sequencing through said first series of steps of said software program as said potential is applied to said first terminal of said microprocessor and then to an associated step in said second series of steps as said potential is applied to said second terminal of said microprocessor,
each transition of said microprocessor to a step in said first series of steps selecting a portion of said signal sensor and transmitter to be configured and each transition of said microprocessor to the associated step in said second series of steps configuring in said sensor and transmitter a specific parameter related to said selected portion of said sensor and transmitter,
the value of each configured parameter selected from a step in said second series of steps being stored in said EEPROM and thus comprising a parameter configured in said signal sensor and transmitter.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 and including a digital to analog converter coupled between said output terminal of said microprocessor and a load circuit including a voltage source and an ammeter.
3. The apparatus defined in claim 1 and including
a chart including (1) a first list of devices each comprising one step in said first series of steps of said program and (2) a second list of parameters each related to one device in said first list and in said second series of steps of said program,
each parameter in said first list of said chart having a characteristic current which can be read by an operator on said ammeter, each current reading, as it appears on said ammeter as an operator operates said microprocessor representing to the operator that the microprocessor is at a particular step in said first series of steps of said program,
whereby the operator can operate said microprocessor, at a selected step on said first list of said chart, to move to the associated step on the second list of said chart and to the related step in said second series of steps of said program.
4. The method of configuring parameters in a remote sensor and signal transmitter comprising
providing a multiplexer having a plurality of input terminals to which a plurality of different types of remote sensors can be connected,
providing a microprocessor having an associated random access memory (RAM) for temporary storage of data, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) for storing a program and an electrically erasable read only memory (EEPROM) for the storage of data used for configuring at least one parameter in said signal sensor and transmitter,
providing a software program in said EPROM circuit including (1) a first series of steps each related to a specific portion of said sensor and transmitter and (2) a second series of steps each representing a parameter related to a step in said first series and to be configured into the portion of said sensor and transmitter represented by said first step,
sequencing said microprocessor through said first series of steps of said software program and then selectively sequencing said microprocessor from a specific first step to an associated step in said second series of steps to configure into memory the parameter represented by said step in said second series of steps,
each of said first steps and each of said second steps having a characteristic current associated with it,
providing a load circuit including an ammeter coupled to said microprocessor,
stepping through said steps of said first series and reading a current in said ammeter to verify that the microprocessor is at each step in said first series of steps in said program, and
selecting steps in said second series of steps and reading a current in said ammeter to verify that the microprocessor is at a selected step in said second series.
5. The method defined in claim 4 and including the steps of providing a chart including (1) a first list of devices each comprising one step in said first series of steps of said program and (2) a second list of parameters each related to one device in said first list,
each device in said first list of said chart having a characteristic current which can be read by an operator on said ammeter, each current reading, as it appears on said ammeter as an operator operates said program representing to the operator that the microprocessor is at a particular step in said first portion of said program
whereby the operator can operate said microprocessor to move from a selected step on said first list of said chart to the associated step on the second list of said chart and the related step in said second portion of said program whereby the parameter selected in said second list is configured in the device represented by the associated step in the first list.
This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 07/315,305 filed on 02/24/89 now abandoned.
The apparatus of the invention is particularly useful with devices known as "smart two-wire process transmitters", however, the principles can be used with numerous other devices that must be set up or configured in one of a multitude of different modes depending on the application.
Devices known as process signal transmitters accept one form of various low level signals from a sensor or transducer and convert such signals to a standard form known as a 4 to 20 mA current. Such signal transmitters are used in the chemical and process industries and are used when measuring temperature, pressure, flow, level and the various other process variables.
Generally to measure each of these different process variables a different design transmitter is required. Transmitters that are designed using classical analog circuit technology even require different models of transmitters depending on the range of the measured variable.
The purpose of such a transmitter is to take the low level (microvolt and millivolt level) signals available from thermocouples, strain gages and other sensors; convert these low level signals near the location of the sensor to a suitable high level signal, and then with a much higher degree of noise immunity, transmit such higher level signals to some desired remote location within the same plant, such as the control room. The low level signals directly out of the sensor are easily affected by electromagnetic interference, signal loss due to line resistance, ground loop interference and various other causes, thus degrading the accuracy of measurement. The 4 to 20 mA current signal has been estabilshed as an industry standard because analog signals transmitted in this fashion are much less affected by other interfering signals, thus helping to preserve the measurement accuracy.
The term "4 to 20 mA loop" refers to an analog signal transmission standard adopted by the process industry. According to this standard, an analog signal to be transmitted some distance, usually within the confines of a manufacturing plant, is converted to a current signal in the range of 4 mA and 20 mA. A certain value of the measured parameter can be made to correspond to the 4 mA value of the output. This is usually referred to as the LRV (Lower Range Value) or "zero". A certain other value of the measured parameter is then made to correspond to the 20 mA value of the output. This is them referred to as the URV (Upper Range Value). The difference in inpt signals between the URV and the LRV is referred to as the "span". The output current will then vary between the 4 and 20 mA values as the measured parameter changes between its LRV and URV values.
For the past several decades, two-wire process signal transmitters have used analog circuit technology implemented using transistors and later various integrated circuit operational amplifiers, OPAMP. Numerous small improvements to these analog transmitters have been developed over the years, however, the analog signal transmitter technology is now considered to be mature. Improvements are generally of the nature of refinements of the existing technology, rather than solutions to major unresolved problems. Process signal transmitters using "analog only" technology continue to have major performance shortcomings which significantly affect their measurement accuracy and ease of use.
In recent years some companies have introduced "Smart" or "Intelligent" two wire process transmitters.
All of these smart two wire transmitters are distinguished from their analog predecessors by utilizing one or more microprocessors for their operation. The present invention includes a technologically advanced smart temperature transmitter which provides a major step improvement in performance, and many new and desired features which could not be achieved in earlier analog transmitters.
Where there is a microprocessor as part of a system, like it is in a smart two wire transmitter, implementing digital communications with another data terminal or computer is a relatively simple matter. The microprocessor has the facility to handle all of the digital data communications tasks required. For this reason all of the smart two wire transmitters offer some form of digital communications with either a hand held terminal or a process computer (a computer used to control a chemical process). Such digital communications in a smart two wire tranmsitter are used to select the desired sensor, or to select the desired zero and span for the output, or to set the open sensor alarm state, and to perform other similar set up functions.
Smart transmitters offer a wide range of versatility and, therefore, require to be "told" much more information to set them up or configure them in the desired mode. The following is a typical list of decisions the user needs to make and somehow convey to the transmitter to properly configure it prior to use:
Type E Thermocouple
Type J Thermocouple
Type K Thermocouple
Type T Thermocouple
Type R Thermocouple
Type S Thermocouple
Type B Thermocouple
Type N Thermocouple
RTD Pt 100 ohm DIN curve 2/4 wire
RTD Pt 100 ohm DIN curve 3 wire
RTD Pt 100 ohm US curve 2/4 wire
RTD Pt 100 ohm US curve 3 wire
RTD Ni 120 ohm Minco curve 2/4 wire
RTD Ni 120 ohm Minco curve 3 wire
Milivolt input -10 to 120 mV
If the sensor fails through open or short circuit the output can be driven to either 21 mA or 4 mA as an alarm condition.
Sensor Failure HIGH
Sensor Failure LOW
Certain internal failures within the transmitter can be reported as either a 21 mA or a 4 mA output condition.
Transmitter Failure HIGH
Transmitter Failure LOW
The 4.00 mA limit of the transmitter can be checked or readjusted against an external calibrated milliammeter.
The 20.00 mA limit of the transmitter can be checked or readjusted against an external calibrated milliammeter.
By applying a desired known millivolt input the "zero" can be made to correspond to that input.
By applying a desired known millivolt input the "span" can be made to correspond to that input.
As the above table indicates a smart trnamitter requires numerous selections and adjustments before it is properly configured.
One possible method for configuring uses potentiometers and switches. However, these are costly components and are usually the least reliable. A further cost and reliability problem is to provide a weather tight access to such components.
Another method uses expensive auxiliary devices such as computer display terminals and modems which facilitate ditital communications with the smart process transmitter. This is also complex and expensive.
The present invention provides a relatively simple and efficient apparatus and method for configuring a smart transmitter for sensing a wide variety of conditions. The transmitter includes a microprocessor containing a configuration program which can be sequenced by means for two shorting terminals one of which sequences through the program and the other of which is used to select and store configuration data. The shorting terminals apply potential to the microprocessor which causes the desired sequencing. The range of temperature to which the transmitter can respond and various other conditions can be set the invention.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are a schematic representation of a typical remote sensor and two-wire signal transmitter which can be configured according to the invention; and
FIGS. 2A-E are a flow chart used in operating the invention.
In the present invention, a smart two wire transmitter is described which in addition to being able to digitally communicate, like most other smart two wire transmitters, it also offers a unique method of configuration and reconfiguration hereafter referred to as TAP-FEEDBACK method. The TAP-FEEDBACK method requires no expensive hand held communicator and is capable of setting up or configuring or reconfiguring a smart transmitter in much the same way as digital communications allows one to do. In addition, the TAP-FEDDBACK feature of the invention permits a smart two wire transmitter to be sold at a price which is competitive with inferior analog transmitters.
Referring to FIG. 1, a smart two-wire remote sensor and transmitter 10 embodying the invention inlcudes terminals 16 and 18 to which a termperature sensor 20 of any suitable type is connected by leads 30 and 40. The terminals 16 and 18 are connected by leads 32 and 42 to input terminals of a multiplexer 50. Some sensors may have more than two leads which would be similarly connected.
Also connected to inputs of the multiplexer 50 are a temperature sensor 52 (SEN1) used to measure the temperature of the sensor input terminals 16 and 18. This is required for calculating the correct cold junction compensation for external thermocouple sensors. A second internal temperature sensor 54 (SEN2) is also connected to the input of the multiplexer 50 which measures the internal temperature of the transmitter circuitry. An internal voltage reference 56 (VREF) is also connected to the multiplexer to provide a calibration source for the transmitter. A short circuit input 58 (SHORT) is provided for the purpose of correcting for zero drift in the circuitry. When the multiplexer 50 switches to the short circuited input 58 a microcomputer 80 (to be described) reads the output of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 76 (to be described) which corresponds to zero voltage input.
A current source 60 is normally not used when a thermocouple (T/C) type of sensor 20 is connected. If a resistance-temperature-device (RTD) type of sensor is connected (not shown) the current soruce provided the necessary small level of constant excitation for the RTD type of sensor.
A switch (SW1) 62 and a switch (SW2) 64 are connected to the SET1 and SET2 terminals 66, 68 respectively. The switches 62 and 64 are also connected by lead 70 to a common or ground terminal 72.
The output of the multiplexer 50 is coupled through an amplifier 74 to an analog-to-digital converter 76 which is connected to the input of microprocessor 80.
The SET1 terminal 66 is connected by a lead 82 to an S1 input terminal on the microprocessor and the SET2 terminal is connected to an S2 input terminal on the microprocessor by a lead 84. The leads 82 and 84 are connected through similar resistors 86 to a positive voltage source V1 of about 5 volts.
The transmitter of 10 is under the control of the microprocessor 80 which is supported by a RAM (Random Access Memory) 90 for temporary storage, by an EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory) 100 for program storage, and an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) 110 for the storage of calibration constants and set-up parameters.
It should be noted that every step of the operation of this transmitter is totally under the control of the software program which is stored in the EPROM 100. This software program may be written in any one of many different computer languages such as Assembly language, the C programming language, or the Pascal language or many others.
The output from the microprocessor 80 is coupled through isolation circuits 112 to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 160 which is connected to the input of an amplifier 170. The output of the amplifier 170 is connected to a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS FET) device 172 which itselt is connected to output terminal 130.
The isolator 112 is also connected by a lead 175 to the device 172 and by a lead 177 to one input of a power converter 180 the second input of which is connected to output terminal 140.
Across the output terminals 130 and 140 are connected a 24 volt power supply 150 in series with a milliammeter 160 and an optional load resistor 178.
The smart temperature transmitter 10 receives the power for its operation form the 24 volt power supply 150 through the output terminals 130 and 140. The power obtained through these output terminals is applied to the power converter 180. The function of the power converter is to convert the power from the output terminals 130 and 140, which may vary in voltage from 10 to 24 volts, to a steady low voltage such as 5 VDC to power the D/A converter and the amplifier 170. The power converter then applies some power through an isolation transformer 185 to another power converter 190 to proivde additional steady 5 VDC power to operate the microprocessor 80, the memories 90, 100, 110, the A/D converter 76, the input amplifier 74 input multiplexer 50 and current source 60. The isolation transformer helps isolate the output circuitry from the input circuitry and thus avoid undesirable ground loop currents.
The apparatus and the method of the invention for configuration of a smart transmitter are used as follows: First, during the manufacture of the transmitter, a program is stored in EPROM 100, which tells the microprocessor exactly what to do in any of its operating modes. The program is associated with and permits the operation represented by the flowchart of FIG. 2. In addition, during the manufacture of each transmitter 10 certain calibration constants, which are unique to each transmitter, are stored in the EEPROM memory 110. These constants are determined during a calibration of the transmitter at the time of its manufacture.
The following discussion illustrates the method of configuring a transmitter 10 but it is set forth in terms of reconfiguring a working transmitter.
If the user wishes to change any of the parameters of a transmitter to meet some new requirements, the transmitter must be "told" what those new requirements are. For example to change the sensor from a type J thermocouple to a type S thermocouple one proceeds as follows:
After the transmitter has been powered up the microprocessor 80 resets itself and the software program stored in its PROM memory 100 tells it to perform as a normal temperature transmitter. The set-up procedure is started by momentarily closing switch 62 (SW1). The microprocessor 80 is programmed through software to continually look at its port S1 many times per second to see what logic state this port is in. Whenever switch 62 (SW1) is not activated, the resistor 86 (R1) connected to the +5 volt supply maintains port S1 at a high logic level. However, when switch 62 (SW1) is closed, the port S1 is shorted to the internal common point 72 causing the potential of port S1 to drop to 0 volts. The microprocessor now detects a low logic level at its port S1. Once this low logic level is detected at port S1, the microprocessor, through its software, knows that it must output to its D/A converter 120 such information that will result in an output current of 21.0 mA at the milliammeter 160. The microprocessor determines from previous calibration data stored in its EEPROM memory 110 what information needs to be sent to the D/A converter 160 to accomplish this and then proceeds to send that information to the D/A converter.
The user sees the 21.0 mA output current, the visual feedback, and concludes that the machine has responded properly to his command. The flow chart shows that after "hitting" SET1 the first time the output current should rise to 21 mA.
Continuing with the objective of changing the sensor from a type J to a type S thermocouple, the flow chart indicates that one must proceed to the "Select Sensor" entry in the flow chart. Therefore, the user must momentarily close switch 62 (SW1) again. The microprocessor, which is continually scanning, that is looking at the logic level on port S1, will again detect a low logic level. The software program in the memory of the microprocessor tells it that this second occurrence of a low logic level at port S1 requires that the output current be changed to 20.5 mA. The microprocessor correspondingly outputs the appropriate information to the D/A converter 120 to change the output current as required.
The user now again momentarily activates switch 62 (SW1). Again as the microprocessor scans its port S1, it detects a momentary low logic level. It now responds by outputting through its D/A converter 160 data that results in a 19.5 mA output current.
The user observes the 19.5 mA output current on the milliammeter 160, and concludes that this is the correct place in the main menu of the flow chart, and that he must now activate the SET2 terminal 68 to get over to the Select Sensor submenu shown in the flow chart of FIG. 2. Therefore, the user now momentarily closes switch 64 (SW2).
The microprocessor is continually scanning, looking at, the logic state of both ports S1 and S2. Therefore, the microprocessor 80 now detects, for the first time in this procedure, a momentary low logic level at its port S2. Upon detecting this low logic level at S2, the microprocessor 80, through its software program, determines that it must now output a current equivalent to the presently selected sensor, which is the type J thermocouple. According to the flow chart of FIG. 2 that current is 6.00 mA. The microprocessor proceeds to output through its D/A converter the signal required to produce an output current of 6.00 mA. The user observes this 6.00 mA current and confirms that it corresponds to the type J thermocouple setting according to the flow chart.
Now the user wishes to change this sensor setting, and according to the directions given in the flow chart, he activates the SET1 terminal, momentarily closing switch 62 (SW1). This causes the logic level at port S1 to change momentarily from a high logic level to a low logic level. The microprocessor interprets this condition as a request to change the output current to 6.50 mA.
The user recognizes that in order to reach the entry in the flowchart labeled type S, the SET1 terminal must be activated several more times. Each new time the SET1 terminal is momentarily activated, the microprocessor recognizes the sudden change of logic level from high to low, and it proceeds to increment its output current each time by 0.5 mA. After the user has activated the SET1 terminal four times, the output current has increased to 8.0 mA which corresponds to the type S thermocouple. The user has also confirmed that he has arrived to the correct setting by observing the 8.0 mA output current on the milliammeter.
Now, according to the instructions on the flowchart, the user activates switch 62 (SW2) again. When the microprocessor detects a sudden momentary low logic level at its port S2, it knows through its software program that is has to do the following:
1) Return to the main menu entry in the flowchart, which is the Select Sensor entry, and accordingly change the output current to 19.5 mA.
2) Take action to store in its EEPROM non-volatile memory 110 the fact that the newly selected sensor is the type S thermocouple. This means that from now on the microprocessor must refer to the table in its PROM memory which represents the transfer function of the type S rather than the type J thermocouple.
Now if the user wishes to perform no other set-up functions, then the transmitter could be returned to its normal operating state. This is done by repeatedly activating the SET1 terminal, that is repeatedly closing momentarily switch 62 (SW1). Each time the microprocessor detects the corresponding low level at its S1 terminal and decrements its output current by 0.5 mA. When an output current of 17.0 mA is reached, the user stops closing switch 62 (SW1).
At this point, for the purpose of this example, the user wishes to terminate the set up procedure and return the transmitter to its normal operating mode. Therefore, the user will now activate switch 64 (SW2). The microprocessor detects the momentary low logic level at its input port S2 and causes its output current to rise above 22 mA. At the same time the microprocessor knows through its software program that it must reset itself and when it becomes operational again, it is in its normal operating mode. Now, as a result of this set up procedure just described, the instrument is set to follow the temperature to millivolt transfer characteristic of a type S thermocouple.
It can be readily seen that in a similar manner any of the other functions indicated on the flow chart can also be set up or changed. In the instrument for which this flowchart was prepared these other parameters are: Set Zero, Set Span, Select Sensor Alarm, Select Malfunction Alarm, Calibrate 4.00 mA, Calibrate 20.0 mA. These listed parameters that could be set up with this technique are not all inclusive. A similar instrument could be designed in which there may be many other set-up parameters that could also be set up in a similar manner.
Let us examine another example. With an instrument producing an analog output signal, such as the 4.00 mA to 20.00 mA signal of this instrument, it is necessary to set the desired "ZERO" and "SPAN". This means that a certain lowest temperature expected to be measured in a process will be made to correspond to the 4.00 mA output current. Similarly a certain highest expected temperature in that process will be made to correspond to 20.00 mA of output current. This is known in the language of this industry as "setting the ZERO and the SPAN". This type of information must also be communicated to the transmitter.
Let us now start the set-up procedure over again. The user first momentarily closes switch SW1. This is detected by the microprocessor which then causes its output current to change to 21.00 mA. This position in the main menu also corresponds to the function entitled "Set Zero".
The user now momentarily closes switch SW2. The microprocessor detects the momentary low logic level at its input port S2 and causes the output current to drop to 4.00 mA. This signifies to the user that the instrument has responded to his command and is ready to accept the mV input which is to correspond to the lowest measured temperature.
The user now connects the correct sensor (type S thermocouple according to the previous set-up) to the input terminals of the transmitter. Then the user subjects this thermocouple sensor to the temperature which he desires to correspond to the 4.00 mA low limit, say 250 degrees C. (Alternatively the corresponding millivolt signal could be applied to the same input terminals.) Now the transmitter sees the signal which is intended to be the low limit of the measurement range. The microprocessor controls the A/D to measure this voltage and through its software recognizes a certain count value (millivolt reading) from its A/D converter.
The user now again momentarily closes switch SW2. The microprocessor again detects this momentary low logic level at its port S2 and through its software program it now stores the most recent measurement value from the A/D converter in its non-volatile EEPROM memory. In addition the microprocessor also causes its output to return to the 21.00 mA level. From this time on, whenever the measured temperature drops to this value, the transmitter will output 4.00 mA of output current.
In a similar manner, the user can also set a desired temperature value to correspond to the 20.0 mA top end of the range. This is done as follows:
The user now momentarily closes switch SW1 which is detected and causes the current to drop to 20.5 mA. Now momentarily closing switch SW2 changes the current to 20.0 mA. Now the user must apply the millivolt input that corresponds to the selected sensor signal output at the high end of the range, say that of 850 degrees C. Momentarily closing switch SW2 is again sensed by the microprocessor, causing it to save in its EEPROM memory the millivolt input reading corresponding to the 850 degrees C. high end of the range. In addition the microprocessor also returns the output current to 20.5 mA, signifying to the user that the function has been accomplished.
Now the user can momentarily close switch SW1 again. The microprocessor again interprets the resulting momentary change from high to low logic level as an external command to set the output current to 19.5 mA.
At this point in the flow chart the user can decide to change the sensor again, as was already described earlier, or the user can continue repeatedly to momentarily close switch SW1. This repeated closing of SW1 signals to the microprocessor to decrement its output current in 0.5 mA increments and at each step offer the user the opportunity to alter the function associated with that output current increment.
The procedure that has been just described set the ZERO of the range to 250 degrees C. and the SPAN (high end of the range) to 850 degrees C. As the sensor connected to this transmitter senses temperature between these two limits, the transmitter will produce an output current between 4.0 mA and 20.0 mA which is directly and linearly proportional to the measured temperature.
It should be noted that the only significance associated with outputting these current values during the set-up process is to provide a feedback for the user regarding what state the transmitter is in, that is, what point the user has reached in the flowchart.
In normal operation of the transmitter 10, the microprocessor 80 controls the input multiplexer 50 to sequentially switch through all of its input channels and each time telling the A/D converter 70 to take a reading of the corresponding channel. These readings are: 1) the input short circuited which gives information on the A/D reading that corresponds to zero input, 2) the internal voltage reference 140 which provides the A/D count corresponding to a full scale reading, 3) the sensor input channel, wires 30 and 40, which gives the reading corresponding to the unknown, 4) the internal sensor 120 which provides information on the temperature of the cold junction, and 5) the second internal temperature 130 which provides information on the temperature of the internal circuitry. The microprocessor stores these A/D readings in its temporary memory RAM 90 for further reference.
In performing all of its actions the microprocessor is controlled by the software program which was stored in its permanent EPROM memory 100 during its manufacture.
After the microprocessor 80 has completed one cycle of reading all of the inputs of the multiplexer it proceeds with processing all of this information. It compares this data with calibration constants from its EEPROM 110 memory to determine what zero and full scale corrections to the A/D readings need to be made. The set up information stored in its EEPROM memory tells the microprocessor 80 what sensor is connected and therefore, what transfer function table stored in its EPROM 100 to use. If the sensor is a thermocouple then the microprocessor also uses the internal sensor 120 reading to correct for the cold junction temperature.
Based on all of these measurement results and data stored in EPROM and EEPROM the microprocessor 80 calculates the correct value to output to the D/A. Once this digital data is outputed to the D/A a suitable analog signal appears at the input of the amplifier 170 which then drives the output current at terminals 180 and 190 to the appropriate level between 4.0 mA and 20 mA.
This entire cycle is repeated approximately once each second. New readings are taken through the input multiplexer, this new information is processed by the microprocessor 80, and the D/A output is updated if any change is necessary. If the temperature sensed by sensor 20 changes, it will affect the results of the calculations performed by the microprocessor and that results in a different D/A output and a corresponding change in the output current of the transmitter.
As described above, the transmitter 10 can be configured to operate within a selected range of desired temperature. For example, the transmitter 10 described, may be set up for a 4.0 mA output to correspond to a measured temperature of 300 degrees C. and a 20.0 mA output to correspond to a measured temperature of 600 degrees C. If the microprocessor 80 determines that the temperature sensed by the thermocouple 20 is 450 degrees C. then the microprocessor will output a digital word to the D/A converter which will result in a 12.0 mA {(20-4)/2=12} output current.
The smart transmitter of the present invention has many advantages one of which is that it can achieve linearization to 0.05 degree C. accuracy of 8 types of thermocouples and three types of RTD devices. This linearization is performed over the entire useful temperature range of the device.
The present invention has a cold junction compensation technique whose accuracy over the entire useful range of any thermocouple is far superior to any product on the market.
The transmitter of the present invention has the unique feature of repetitive self correction and calibration against an on-board NBS traceable standard over its entire specified ambient operating temperature range of -30 C. to +60 C. The accuracy of the invention is virtually unaffected over this entire ambient temperature range.
Most analog transmitters available on the market are designed for either one type of RTD or one type of thermocouple. Some include a mechanical switch to accommodate a small variation in the selection of sensors. Furthermore, most classical transmitters limit the range of temperature to only part of the sensor's capability. Accordingly, each application requires a different model transmitter customized for a particular sensor and temperature range. The number of different models that can be defined in this manner can be rather large and costly to stock and support.
The transmitter of the present invention stores the characteristic tabular data for 3 commercially used RTD and 8 thermocouple sensors over their entire usable temperature range and is able to recall any of this information in response to a digital command from a data terminal, or through a unique circuit method called "tap-feedback". Furthermore, it can also be configured to measure voltage over the range of -10 to +120 millivolts, and numerous other input capabilities. All these variations are available in a single model of the transmitter without even opening the electronics except through its top terminals or its digital communications link.
Most commercially available temperature transmitters use analog electronics and are only capable of producing an analog output, mostly in the form of a 4 to 20 mA current signal. They do not provide any digital communications. All adjustments, calibrations, changes in operating mode are achieved by means of potentiometers and switches or jumpers that the user must activate after partially disassembling the unit.
The transmitter of the present invention provides not only the 4 to 20 mA analog signal, but it is also capable of operating in the digital mode, receiving and transmitting digital information and data to a data terminal or a computer. Furthermore, both the analog signal or the digital communications are accomplished over the same pair of wires. Through this digital communications capability the device can be reconfigured to any of its numerous different modes of operation either remotely or locally, but without the need to physically alter the unit. Additionally the unit can be placed in the digital mode wherein the measured parameter is output in digital form to a data terminal or computer in highly accurate form. In this digital mode the accuracy limitation imposed by the analog signal current loop is eliminated and the full accuracy of the unit is available. This dual mode of operation allows this unit to be installed as a conventional analog current transmitter, or it can be upgraded to any time to the more advanced and higher accuracy digital mode.
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JaNaG - Java Name Generator
JaNaG is a Java random name generator for role-games, authors, and the like. It is based on a name fragment database that creates relatively reasonably sounding names. It can run as applet, GUI appliance, command line tool, or on a server-client basis.6 weekly downloads
Application to make JAD files1 weekly downloads
ProfileLogger is a program to help geologists to log and automatically draw the content of sedimentologic/stratigraphic column. Data can be imported from CSV files and exported to PDF and SVG files.0 weekly downloads

subset: commoncrawl


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Item 2723120
Amber Tiger Eye Chips
Product Actions
Additional Information
These are stunning Amber Tiger Eye Chips - a natural beauty! Tiger Eye is a metamorphic rock that is a member of the quartz group that is characterized by its color which is golden to red brown. One of the most intriguing qualities of tiger eye is that its layers of color mean that each stone in a necklace can be entirely unique, not quite matching any of the other beads in the strand.
- Color: Amber
- Content: 100% Tigereye Stone
- Manufacturer: Halcraft USA
- Warning: Intended only for fashion and decorative use by adults.


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Enrile on loyalty check?
Embattled Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile has moved to vacate the Senate's top post but instead got a show of support from his colleagues.
Full story here: Enrile resigns, Senate rejects motion
Full speech: Enrile full speech text
Related story: Trillanes vowed but failed to oust Enrile
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text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 1 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 1994 Vistnes, Jessica Primoff . An empirical analysis of married women's retirement decisions. National Tax Journal. 47, (1), 135-155. Full Text Options: Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


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Book your room at Wyndham Boston Andover
Standard Room, 1 King BedMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Standard Room, 1 King Bed, AccessibleMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Standard Room, 2 Double BedsMax Occupancy: 5 guests (up to 4 children)
Family-friendly hotel with restaurant and indoor pool
Located in the business district, this family-friendly hotel is within 6 mi (10 km) of Lawrence Heritage State Park, Methuen Memorial Music Hall, and Lawrence Public Library. Andover Bird Sanctuary and Canobie Lake Park are also within 9 mi (15 km).
Hotel Features
This smoke-free hotel features a restaurant, an indoor pool, and a 24-hour fitness center. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, a bar/lounge, a spa tub, and a 24-hour business center are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 293 rooms provide comforts like pillowtop beds and premium bedding, along with free WiFi, free wired Internet, and cable TV. Room service, coffee makers, and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an indoor pool, Wyndham Boston Andover provides a spa tub and a 24-hour fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This 3.5-star property offers access to a 24-hour business center and meeting rooms. 9 meeting rooms are available. This family-friendly hotel also offers multilingual staff, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Wyndham Boston Andover is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Number of floors - 5
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of meeting rooms - 9
- 24-hour business center
- Meeting rooms
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- 24-hour front desk
- Bar/lounge
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Conference space
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-out
- Multilingual staff
- Total number of rooms - 293
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
- Spa tub
- Indoor pool
- Free WiFi
- Smoke-free property
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Indoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Premium TV channels
- Premium bedding
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Coffee/tea maker
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Daily housekeeping
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Cable TV service
- Pillowtop mattress
- Room service (limited hours)
Where to Eat
189 Prime - This restaurant specializes in American cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
Characters Sports Bar - This sports bar specializes in American cuisine and serves dinner and light fare. Open daily.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An indoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a 24-hour fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at midnight
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Pets allowed, Pet maximum weight in lb is 50
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Breakfast fee: USD 16.00 for adults and USD 12.00 for children (approximately)
- Pet fee: USD 50.00 per accommodation, per stay
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 15.00 per night
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. The property allows pets in specific rooms only and has other pet restrictions (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section). Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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1. Open your web browser and type the following url into the address bar: picasaweb.google.com.
2. Next, log-in using your Google account. If you do not have a Google account, you can create one as shown below.
3. If this is your first time using Picasaweb, you will be asked to create a public Google profile. Please click accept.
4. To begin uploading pictures and creating photo albums. Click the upload button to create a new photo album with pictures.
5. Once your pictures have been uploaded, you may add captions, comments, tag other Picasaweb members to your photos, geotag, and share your pictures via email. HTML code is also available for website developers.
6. Once you upload a picture/pictures, please click "Action" and "Album Properties" to create a title, date, description, and the location of the photos. Privacy settings are available underneath '"Visibility" and click "Save changes".
7. If you would like to create another album, always click the "Upload" button. But, if you would like to add pictures to an already existing album, click on the album you would like to add pictures to, and click "Add photos."
Please note that there is a difference between Picasa and Picasaweb. Picasaweb is an online photo organizing/sharing website similar to Photobucket, Imageshack, and Tinypic (just to name a few). Picasa, however, is a program which can be downloaded to your computer through the Picasaweb website. In regards to photo/image management, Picasa is similar to OSX's iPhoto, and Windows' Windows Photo Gallery. The biggest difference between the web-based Picasaweb and software-based Picasa is in Picasa's uploading capabilities. When using Picasaweb, you are limited to five uploads at a time, whereas Picasa allows you to mass-upload to Picasaweb. If you are using a Macintosh, and your primary photo managing software is iPhoto, a Picasa plug-in is available. The plug-in allows both programs to work cooperatively to allow users of iPhoto to upload their pictures to Picasaweb directly.
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Dave Brown adapter nut is constructed of plain black, CNC machined steel. Use with 2-1/2" spinners and under. This prop adapter kit tightens the backplate and propeller onto the engine, then using a single bolt-on design, holds and centers each spinner perfectly on its baseplate. Will fit the following engines:YS .90-1.2 4-Stroke, Enya 1.2R 4-Stroke, OPS Super .60
and .61 5-Port.
Although it will depend on the thickness of your prop and the spinner size, as a general rule, always use the longest adapter nut possible.


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Weather application allows you to quickly view the local weather and a five-day forecast. It shows the forecasted high and low temperature, and a weather icon, such as sunny, or partly cloudy.You can type name of any city in the world and check the weather conditions.
Don't pay for SMS packs when you can send them for FREE!Send unlimited SMS for free. Free SMS India is an application by which you can send SMS to anybody all over India without spending single penny. User Interface of Free SMS India is very sleek and simple, even a kiddy can operate the app.
Watch latest bollywood music videos from collection of most recent tracks of Hindi songs. Listen to unlimited songs for FREE from different languages or genres like Hindi, Oldies, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Sanskrit, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Bhajans, Ghazals, Pop, Remixes, Relaxation, Meditation and many more.Search and discover new songs all the time. Search for songs, albums and playlists. Search by actor name, singer, year, song or movie name.


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Originated From
where can i find a salon that does Threading for hair removal in Northern Bergen County?
Suzanne's Hair & Colour Room on Kinderkamack Road in Oradell, NJ. It's next to Cool Beans. I've never been, but there are posters outside advertising it.
Other people asked questions on similar topics, check out the answers they received:
Other people asked questions on various topics, and are still waiting for answer. Would be great if you can take a sec and answer them


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Joe Locke On Piano Jazz
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Known for the emotional range of his solo work, vibraphonist Joe Locke has established himself as a composer, bandleader and educator. He has recorded with artists such as Eddie Henderson and Grover Washington Jr., and he continues to tour worldwide.
In this episode of Piano Jazz, Locke performs his original composition "Seven Beauties" on piano, as well as a medley of songs by Joni Mitchell and Carly Simon on vibes. Host Marian McPartland joins in for a duet of the standard "I Should Care."
Originally broadcast in the fall of 1996.
Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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The Hundred-Foot Journey: Culinary mash-up
By Stephanie Zacharek
Into the Storm tears up America
By Alan Scherstuhl
Land Ho!'s seniors never quite charm
By Amy Nicholson
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles fails
By Amy Nicholson
Get On Up is an inspired James Brown biopic
By Stephanie Zacharek
Guardians of the Galaxy misses the mark
By Stephanie Zacharek
Magic in the Moonlight doesn't cast its spell
By Alan Scherstuhl
Michel Gondry's Mood Indigo gets richer as it darkens
By Amy Nicholson
On some level, this latest film from Mauritanian director Abderrahmane Sissako (Waiting for Happiness) is a flamboyant fantasy: Wouldn't it be great if Africa could force globalization and its masters—the World Bank, the IMF—to stand trial for committing crimes against humanity? But as cinema always calls to order the court of public opinion, Bamako is no less pragmatic a real-world endeavor than Sicko. Sissako shoots much of the film as if it's a documentary, recording impassioned testimony given by ordinary citizens in a communal courtyard of the titular town, while African judges in white wigs and robes look on. "The World Bank is the Trojan Horse of capitalism," argues one plaintiff—and indeed the social services of African nations have been violently slain by these sneaky, debt-inducing forces.
Through less realist means, Sissako also encourages us to see that globalization is the spaghetti Western of economic policy, as a film within the film features Danny Glover (exec-producer of Bamako), along with Palestinian director Elia Suleiman, riding in on horseback to settle a score. In some quarters of the critical establishment, a remake of For a Few Dollars More would've earned more favorable notices than Bamako, which one reviewer has illustratively deemed an "awkward, dull film" and "more a lecture than a movie." Apparently Sissako's reminder that African children will likely die in the tens of millions over the next five years should be issued from behind a podium and not in a "dull" film whose vibrant cinematography and soaring Malian pop—and guns—give its crisis-level concerns a broader reach.
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Unlikely matchup: Kings, Devils set for Cup finals
"Everybody's just clicking," Kings defenseman Drew Doughty said. "People are used to playing with their linemates now. The lines have been the same from the last part of the season. D pairings are the same. It's just getting used to them. Everyone is playing with confidence. Once you start clicking like that, pucks start going in the net for you."
The Devils' story is just as good. They missed the playoffs last season despite retaining Kovalchuk with a $102 million contract that the league said violated its letter of the law. Few expected them to recover this quickly, especially with Brodeur seemingly on his last legs after a sub-par season, and captain Zach Parise returning from a major knee injury. When top center Travis Zajac blew out an Achilles tendon before training camp, the chances of Devils making the finals seemed slim.
Guess again.
New Jersey won its final six games in the regular season, rallied from 3-2 deficit in the opening round of the playoffs with two overtime wins against Florida, and then eliminated the Flyers and Rangers, their two biggest rivals, in five and six games, respectively.
"Last year was tough," said Kovalchuk, who said there was never a doubt in his mind that he would stay in New Jersey. "But we made sure it paid off. We have a great coaching staff, great players here, great group of guys, very close to each other. I think that makes a big difference."
The other thing that should be great is the goaltending.
The 26-year-old Quick leads playoff netminders in goals-against average (1.54) and save percentage (.946). He has eight road wins in as many starts, posting a 1.55 goals-against average and .948 save percentage in those games.
Brodeur is a four-time Vezina Trophy winner. He has played in 24 career Stanley Cup finals games, posting a 15-9 record with a 1.91 goals-against, losing only a series to Colorado in seven games in 2001. The Montreal native is set to become the fifth goaltender in NHL history and first since Jacques Plante in 1970 to appear in the Stanley Cup finals after his 40th birthday:
"Well, everyone knows what he's meant to the league and this team, and where he stands in history," Quick said of the NHL's winningest goaltender. "For me, it's not about me against him. It's about the Kings and the Devils."
The Devils and Kings are very similar in their approaches. Both want to establish the forecheck, create pressure and have it lead to offense. The Kings, who posted a 25-13-11 regular-season record after Sutter took over, are definitely a little bigger than the Rangers, and they certainly have more depth.
Devils defenseman Peter Harrold played five seasons with the Kings before signing with New Jersey this year. He spent the majority of this season at Albany of the AHL, before being inserted into the Devils' postseason rotation. He said both organizations stress team first.
"Everything is about the collective, not the individuals," said Harrold, who says this series will be good for hockey. "It's two really big stages.
"That's what you want to grow the game."
The Associated Press


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1 Park near Skowhegan, Maine
Vassalboro, Maine 22.8 miles S
Skowhegan, Maine (map) | (207) 474-6482
Sites: 77 | Latest Rate: $34.00 | 5 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Aug 2011 - $34.00
We enjoyed our stay. The campground was clean and well kept. Close to town. Clean laundry with 2 washers and dryers. Large sites with firerings and tables. Our site got a little waterlogged but there was a lot of rain. - mzc
Oct 2010 - $33.00
A nice campground. Nice big sign out front - makes easier to find! Good Wi-Fi and cable TV. However, some of the down sides are: road noise (especially big trucks all night), water has a mineral taste to it, both our Verizon air card and cell phone couldn't get enough signal to work, and overhead branches have probably scratched our RV. We'd stay again. - CarrieBearie
Jun 2009 - $31.00
Very friendly owners who make you feel welcome. The campground maintenance is impeccable, one of the cleanest and best run campgrounds I have stayed at. Now for the bad, sites are too open and the "wooded" sites are pretty much all seasonal campers. The pool was cold, it has a heater but I assume the cost to run it outweighs what they were bringing in that weekend. Great place for a one night stay or family gathering. - shawnepeak


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If you are looking to play on an "A" level/college exposure team please give us a call. We are looking for a couple more girls--particulary a catcher and utiltiy player. If that is you, contact us to set up a private try out.
Indiana Raiders practice in Portage, Indiana which is under an hour from the state line.
Please contact Coach Mike at 708-825-6778 or Coach Rich at 219-331-6881 . Or Email Coach Mike firstname.lastname@example.com to set up a private try out.
Just some info on our plans for the Season ---
We will be playing in Premeir Tournaments - ASA "A" -- and CollegeExposure/Showcase tournaments . (Including the Sparks Pumpkin FestExposure tournament and the Orland A's Last Blast Exposure- Both in October)
Our coaches are dedicated and know what it takes to be sucessful .


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I know the mods here have it rough....
But locking threads in the FEEDBACK forum?
For what it's worth, if this site becomes too strict in overzealous enforcement of rules, keeping a tiny perspective, and bannishment of those who disagree, it could become a very lonely place. It's only a video card, right? DO you really have loyalty to computer hardware? Maybe I'm missing something here, but it's just hardware...and to deny a companies wrongdoing, or worse yet, rationalize poor and shady business practices b/c of that, and this site won't be a very fun place to visit, filled w/ nothing but mind-numbing drones.
I hate to say it, but HB was right. Most of the folks who are members here, or any hardware site for that matter, really don't have a very good understanding of 3-D graphics. Of course I'm one of them..
Anyway- I sincerely hope things don't get lock-happy around here...
Ironically, I do feel this thread should be locked..if you feel like replying and locking, OK by me, just wanted to get this off my chest.
Well, if this is the place to bitch then I'll add my bit about it being wrong to have banned Hellbinder the way ya did. :(
I think he was baited and wrongly banned, and I think he's owed an apology as well as his reinstatement. :(
there is no doubt he may know more than most of us... but then so do people like dave baumann... and you don't see dave coming in here and continually looking down on people... he presents his case and moves on...
but I have to go with the other lads... the WAY he was banned was a bit off...
still it is the perogative of the mods... and their decision ultimately as to how they handle things...
just providing my feedback :)
I know HB can be a bit much at times, but he wasn't overly rude or surly this time and has been really making an attempt to tone down his behavoir lately and I really just felt it was the mods this time around who went a little over the top. :(
Hellbinder was baited but wrong or right is in the eyes of the interpreter. He and and Vamp are totally responsible for to extremes that bait was taken between them and how they interpreted each other's posts. Vamp has apologized for jumping the gun and, from what I gather, HB's ban has been lifted.
Hell, I bait Udawg and Ex-Bu all the time.
And they bait me back, too.
Seldom are we at each others throats.
We just know how to push each other's buttons! :D :p
As for closing threads here...I think Volt's criteria is very simple.
1) Close threads that pointlessly beat dead horses.
2) Close threads that pointlessly beat resurrected horses.
3) Close threads that pointlessly repeat previously established points ad infinitum.
This is probably one of those threads.
And just because a thread here gets locked doesn't mean the feedback was unappreciated or ignored.
Volt, if you'll do the honors! :)
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The documentary "One Million Snake Bites" sends out the message – that humans and snakes must learn to coexist.
Snakes move swiftly and people in crowded cities jostle each other…the documentary "One Million Snake Bites" (that was screened recently at Sathyam Cinemas to celebrate World Environment Day) opens with the undeniable fact that snake and man must learn to coexist. Otherwise it could spell disaster for both.
Rom Whittaker, the man behind the movie is on a quest to save the species he loves — snakes. His message – to protect the snake he has to protect people, and this can be done by spreading awareness.
Fear for the reptile is age-old, most of us feel shivers run down our spine when we see even a picture of the snake. But it needn't be so, he says. The speciality of the movie is the truth about snakes which refutes common beliefs. The documentary brings out hard facts.
Whittaker's soft corner for the king cobra is evident in his treatment of them, and he shows how these enormous almost 15-footers are really fighting shy of coming in contact with humans (for they live in dense jungles far away from human habitation). The high speed cameras record that even when the artificial foot is kept on the snake, the reaction is more of getting away, though it does make a token attack. So it is with the Indian cobra. But it is a different story with the saw scaled viper — it is extremely aggressive and goes for the kill. So does the large-scaled pit viper camouflaged in the green of the tea plantations in Assam.
A brilliant shot in the film shows as Kali digs into a "promising" hole to find a snake, he finds instead a huge hoard of grain. Snakes are attracted by rats and they get into rat holes and make them their habitat too. This way they keep the balance of not letting the population of rats get out of hand – for rats are quite capable of eating up grain so there might be a shortage of it.
Talking to villagers it was stressed that hey should not put their hands and feet into dense scrub and it was essential for them to carry a light when they go out in the night. Most villages do not have electricity and snakes do have the habit of curling up in dark places. Grain attracts rats which in turn attract snakes; this vicious chain can harm man. He therefore must see that this confrontation is avoided.
The movie also discusses the making of anti venom. After the venom is milked by the Irulas at their cooperative centre at the Madras Crocodile Bank, the snakes are then safely released into the wild. Whittaker is also on a quest to find out whether these snakes have regionally varying venoms, to save more lives across India.
The interactive session after the movie was educative and interesting. "Why can't snakes be eradicated?" had him explain that more deaths were caused by lorries annually, and that lorry drivers can't be "killed off" instead they have be taught to drive carefully so that they don't hurt anyone. Since snakes can't be "educated, it's up to humans to be aware of their surroundings and learn to coexist."
Whittaker also stressed on the fact that snakes had venom so that they could get food with it, but we humans mistakenly think that it is solely to bite us.
Brilliant shots, close ups that thrill, a lucid narrative make a great watch, one that inspires us to spread the message of awareness and conservation of this ancient creature of the planet.
Pros and cons
Recent data shows that India is indeed the land of a million snake bites. Every year there are 50,000 deaths due to snakebites. Going in search of the truth about these snakes with his Irula tribal friends Rom discovers that agricultural workers are more in danger of getting bitten as they step on to or put their hands into snake habitats. But all is not in vain, for most Indians revere and worship snakes and this helps preserving and conserving them.
Keywords: Rom Whittaker, One Million Snake Bites


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Vincent Wijeysingha accuses Catholic priest of attempted molest at age 15
Published on Jun 24, 2014 5:15 PM
SINGAPORE - Social activist Vincent Wijeysingha has accused a Catholic priest of trying to molest him when he was a teenager, in a strongly-worded Facebook post on Monday night that attacked the Catholic Church and its stand on homosexuality.
His post was a direct response to Archbishop William Goh's statement last weekend that restated the Catholic Church's view of the family unit and that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) relations is "not in accordance with the plan of God".
It also comes amid support by various groups of a Wear White campaign organised by a Muslim religious teacher to protest against homosexuality during this Saturday's Pink Dot event.
In a response on Tuesday night, the Catholic Church said in a statement to The Straits Times that its "stand on sexuality should not be distorted". The intent of Archbishop Goh's message was to clarify the Church's position on family, "and not to engage in a debate on the issue of LGBT purely on the level of reason, because faith while not opposed to reason, transcends reason" it added. The statement from the Archdiocese Communications Office, however, did not comment on Dr Wijeysingha's molest claim.
To continue reading, log in if you are a subscriber
Enjoy 2 weeks of unlimited digital access to The Straits Times. Get your free access now!


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Penny Arcade Launches Kickstarter To Kill Advertising, Brews Controversy
Posted on July 10, 2012 AT 11:54am
Penny Arcade is by far one of the Internet's most successful and prolific webcomics—so much so, that they've turned from a two-man operation to a giant gaming and media company in a little over 10 years. However, like many companies, much of their profits are made by advertising and page clicks, which essentially runs the online economy.
That's where Kickstarter comes in, as the site's founders are trying a "crowd sourcing model" to make Penny Arcade ad-free for a whole year.
Somewhat unsurprisingly, this move has stirred up some genuinely negative reactions among the gaming industry, with particular attention being focused on the reward tiers of the "Penny Arcade Sells Out" Kickstarter page. Some of the "rewards" include things like being followed on Twitter by Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik, copies of the Penny Arcade books, and special trips to the PA headquarters (but you pay for your own travel):
- PLEDGE $15 OR MORE — All previous rewards, Gabe will think about you during sex, and a certificate of appreciation will be mailed to you. (Add $3 for non-U.S. addresses)
- PLEDGE $300 OR MORE — @cwgabriel will follow you on twitter for one year. Your day is now a constant source of his entertainment.
- PLEDGE $300 OR MORE — @tychobrahe will follow you on twitter for one year. You can bombard him with 140 character requests all year long.
- PLEDGE $500 OR MORE — Within reason, Gabe and Tycho will retweet one of your tweets.
- PLEDGE $5,000 OR MORE — Lunch with PA Business. Have a lunch with Robert Khoo, Mike Fehlauer, Brian Sunter, and Jeff Kalles in Seattle. (You need to get yourself to the venue, sorry.)
- PLEDGE $5,000 OR MORE — Play date with Penny Arcade! You and one other person can come to PAHQ (you need to arrange travel) for an evening of pizza and games.
Much of the scrutiny over the Kickstarter stems from the perceived "worth" of the reward tiers, which vary greatly depending on price and tactile use. Some of the most pointed arguments through news coverage and social media claim that Penny Arcade's staff is gaming the system in order to amass money that they don't necessarily need.
If you're a fan of the Penny Arcade collective (or not), what's your opinion? Do you think this is a genuinely bad move from Penny Arcade, or a novel concept for supporting their website, charity, and other contributions to the gaming industry?
Source: Kickstarter
- Penny Arcade Hits $250,000 Kickstarter Goal, Reveals Future Plans
- Penny Arcade Limps To $528,000 On Kickstarter, Ditching Homepage Ads
- Forza Rewards Offers Bonuses for Franchise Loyalty
- New Kickstarter Kicks Off For Japanese RPG Class of Heroes II
- Sony puts two E3 2014 three-day passes up for auction
- Penny Arcade Hits $250,000 Kickstarter Goal, Reveals Future Plans
- Penny Arcade Limps To $528,000 On Kickstarter, Ditching Homepage Ads
- Forza Rewards Offers Bonuses for Franchise Loyalty
- New Kickstarter Kicks Off For Japanese RPG Class of Heroes II
- Sony puts two E3 2014 three-day passes up for auction
Today's Top 10 Stories
Blizzard removed Tychus Findlay's cigar in Heroes of the Storm and fans needlessly raged over it
Partner Pages
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Website Interface © 2012 EGM Digital Media, LLC.


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Product Details
Only 39 Perfect coins graded by NGC!
The Menorah coin is third in the "Jerusalem of Gold" Series. This 1 oz coin, struck in .9999 fine Gold, is crafted by The Holy Land Mint and has a face value of 20 New Sheqalim. This example has earned a perfect grade of Mint State 70 from NGC! The obverse illustrates the Menorah, a candelabra with seven branches that was used in the ancient Holy Temple in Jerusalem. The reverse depicts a roaring lion, symbolic of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Judah.
This is a legal tender coin issued by the Bank of Israel. Own a piece of history and help relive the past, preserve the present, and ensure the future!
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Gold -- why buy Gold bullion from APMEX?Gold is the world's favorite bullion investment metal. Gold is a popular way to diversify wealth. To buy World Gold for your investment portfolio, call our Account Managers toll free at (800) 375-9006 or click on the "Live Chat" button. APMEX is where to buy Precious Metals! Also, you can come to us when it is time to sell Gold, Silver, Platinum, and Palladium.
|Product ID:
|Grade Service:
|20 New Sheqalim
|Mint Mark:
|Star of David
|Metal Content:
|1 troy oz
|Israel Gov't Coins & Medals Corp.
|3 mm
|32 mm


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Why the Goa Minister's statement on the LGBTQIA community needs to be condemned.Tuesday, 13 January 2015 - 2:30pm
The Queer community might have been dealt with a severe blow yesterday, thanks to the Supreme Court's reversing the Delhi High Court verdict of the decriminalisation of Section 377 of the IPC. There is still, however, hope.Thursday, 12 December 2013 - 2:10pm
The young and strapping Girish Kumar Taurani is all set to make his debut with Ramaiya Vastavaiya and going by the buzz surrounding him, we will say here's a star waiting to be born.Thursday, 20 June 2013 - 12:17pm
Malegalalli Madumagalu is a night-long play, staged in four parts on as many venues.Monday, 3 June 2013 - 1:29pm
The actor's performance in the soon to be released Zero Dark Thirty has won her 20 awards and counting.Saturday, 9 February 2013 - 6:02pm
What happens when you pair a New York-based photographer and a party organiser (with all the right contacts) for a calendar project? Something super hot and steamy of course! And that's exactly what happened with iMagiNation's brand new thematic calendars — Men At Work and The Zodiac.Sunday, 27 January 2013 - 4:22pm
This much-touted Bharatanatyam-Odishi recital, performed by the incomparable Alarmel Valli and Madhavi Mudgal, is finally here.Friday, 25 January 2013 - 8:08pm
Is probably the best way to define Niki Mahajan's unique sense of style and design as After Hrs finds out..Thursday, 24 January 2013 - 1:44pm
Arshad Warsi is in the city shooting the upcoming Calling Mr Joe B Carvalho with Soha Ali Khan, Vrajesh Hirjee and Javed Jaffrey.Thursday, 24 January 2013 - 1:39pm
Firoz Khan and Sajad Mahajan, co-founders and directors of Dream Merchants, as Bangalore prepares to welcome Blenders Pride Bangalore Fashion Week, 8th Edition, Summer/Showers 2013.Wednesday, 23 January 2013 - 1:41pm


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Alcaiceria - Zoco, Granada
13 Reviews
13 Reviews
The name Alcaicería literally means either the "house of Caesar" or "belonging to Caesar" in recognition of the fact that Emperor Justinian granted the Moors permission to sell silk. Today it is a tourist trap of the first line. Simple items that should sell for pennies go for dollars....but if you look carefully you CAN find a few bargins. We saw two knife shops next to each other and I checked out some of the folding pocket knives and they had good prices.
From what I could learn this is not the original market, which burned down in the 18th century, but rather a rebuilt market (actually rebuilt only two years after it burned down, pretty quick work, must have been a good tourist business even then).
This is now taken up with souvenir shops but it was once a great bazaar where silk was made and sold. Alcaicería literally means either the "house of Caesar" or "belonging to Caesar" in recognition of the fact that Emperor Justinian granted the Moors permission to sell silk.
El Gran Bazar de Granada se extendía desde Plaza Nueva hasta la Plaza Bibarrambla, y tenía fama tanto en el reino de los moros como el de los cristianos. Ahora hay muchas tiendas de souvenirs en esta zona pero antes era un bazar grande donde se fabricaba y se vendia seda.
Alcaiceria , (or al-kaysar-ia, as it was originally spelt) means either House of Caesar or Belonging to Caesar.
This area was so named following the act of Emporor Justinian which allowed the Moors to sell silk.
The Alpujarra mountain range, was important for the production of silk, where silkworms feasted on the leaves of the Mulberry trees. The raw material was then transported by mules, to Granada,where the silk threads were woven, then sold, either in bales, or made into clothing etc.
In the centre of Granadas' city, a bazaar was built , consisting of a grid like network of streets, with merchants shops, and inns, for the merchants to sleep, eat and conduct business. (The Corral del Carbon was originally a merchants inn - see my tip for further info).
Arched Gateways led into the bazzar, which were locked at night, while night watchmen guarded the area.
Originally, this bazaar covered the area from Plaza Nueva to Plaza Bib Rambla, and was a very important trading area.
However, on the night of 19th July 1843, a fire started in a shop that made matches, and the entire bazaar was destroyed. The area was soon re-built, but on a smaller scale.
Today, the bazaar still operates as a centre for trading, but mainly goods sold are souvenirs or crafts. It is an interesting place to wander around. Besides looking at the goods for sale, there are some good examples of Islamic architecture, and tiled wall decorations. Some of the shops sell some surprising combinations- in one of my pictures below, the shop sold jewellery, plus handcuffs, knives and guns!
The narrow streets can get quite crowded, so as always, keep a close eye on your belongings - it's an ideal area for pickpockets!
The rosemary wielding gypsy ladies also hang out around here.(Please see my warnings and danger tips for more info) Having said this, it's still a safe place - just be aware of Your belongings
The old signs are around and theres some stucco (carved plaster work) and zellij (tiles) that give the market some Moorish character - but apparently the place was devastated and then redone so it just didnt seem authentic or the same to me - a feel of set up to bring in tourists. But i do love these artistic sites so it was still worth a visit!
and its enroute to and from sites to sight such as the Cathedral, the fondouk and the Albacin.
You'll see a small archway off the famous BibRambla Square that leads into the narrow, tented streets of the Moroccan market. Colour, scents, music, vendors all create an impression that you've been magically transported to North Africa! Kaftans, jewelled slippers, skin drums, silver teapots, coloured tea glasses, leather bags, belly dancer outfits............all manner of things - don't forget to haggle.
One will feel completely disoriented when entering the Alcaiceria market area, for it does not feel like Spain anymore, but truly like Morocco or Tangier. Colorfoul racks and shelves ornate the side of its narrow streets, filled with treasures of Alibaba's cave up til the eye can see. Handmade leather shoes and sandals, drums, skin lamps, rugs, blankets, finely cut jewelry, scarves are only a sampple of the million other items one will find to bargain in the "zoco". This is a must for souvenirs as prices are fair and the merchandise of pretty good quality. A walk through this area with the cool and refreshing air the high builidings provide, with the smell of insence invading your senses and the music of a thousand and one nights... is some of the best experience Granada has to offer.
This area was the site of a former Muslim silk market and was restored in the 19th century. Today it's filled with mostly tourist shops but you can find some locally-produced crafts as well. If nothing else it is an experience just to walk through the very narrow alleyways and peer into the tiny shops. Like the Albayzin, it has a definite old world market feel about it.
This is great part of Granada which can be found just after the Cathedral on the left hand side if your coming from Gran Via.
It is filled with Flamenco dresses and Arabic products. Zoco means market and this little market has lots of goodies including jewellery, tables, pipes, té and accessories among other trinkets. Don't forget the Flamenco dresses, a must if you want to go to Feria (see feria tip).
Be careful of the Gypsies that walk the Zoco streets. They are the most forceful in town. Today I say a Gypsy force lavender into a young girls hand!
This is one of my favorite areas in Granada, just to see all the teterias and shops seemingly open all hours of the night. I felt like I was back in Jerusalem in the market.
the lights, the smell of apple tobacco and mint leaves in the streets.. magical.
There are many many Morrocan restauraunts here, and you can buy plenty of Moorish trinkets.
This is very near Plaza Nueva.
The Moslem market, close to the Cathedral (be careful of the gypsies trying to sell you thing there (they may be watching you for stealing purposes....)
Cross the Zoco till you go to the main street, ahead you will see the Corral del Carbon, where normally is the tourist office, (the last time I visited, it was closed under reconstruction), from there, we can go to the Town hall and have some tapas at Navas street or we have head up to the Plaza Nueva and have also tapas at Calle Elvira followed by some Morroco tea.
The old Arabic Marketplace located near the Cathedral. Interesing small shops selling everything at tourist prices.
Its a great place to be relieved of your unwanted wallets, cameras and mobile phones, pickpockets operate in the area, keep your valuables closely guarded.
Dont let this put you off visiting this nice district, just be careful and vigilant.
Take a walk in the Market
In the city center of Granada there are a lot of small streets full of shops. It's a wonderful area to have a walk and look around.
This is a neighbourhood with a lot of small stores. Very nice to walk around and buy some cheap maroccan stuff.
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text: Bottas: The Martini partnership is very exciting and I'm a big fan of the new look and feel 6 March, 2014 Felipe Massa and Valtteri Bottas with their new Williams Martini Racing race suits The worst kept Formula 1 sponsorship secret was made public when Williams announced their partnership with Martini to form Williams Martini racing, and with it signalling the return of the Italian company's iconic motorsport livery of which Valtteri Bottas is a big fan. Speaking on the occasion of the launch, Bottas said, "2014 feels like a new start for the team. The Martini partnership is very exciting and I'm a big fan of the new look and feel." Of the recent testing in Bahrain the Finn said, "Testing has been very productive for us and we have learnt a lot about the FW36 and its characteristics. I have developed a lot as a driver over the past year and with a new car that I'm confident will be a step forward compared to last year, this is a season that I hope to show people my true potential." "I also have a highly experienced teammate alongside me in Felipe who I can learn a lot from. We will be pushing each other hard this season, and working together to keep improving the car and secure some good results for Williams Martini Racing," added Bottas. Williams FW36 in Martini Racing colours In what must go down as a case of perfect timing, Felipe Massa's arrival at the Williams team has coincided with some massive good fortune for the Grove outfit with advent of not only new sponsors, but also a handy Formula 1 car in the FW36. Massa said, "2014 is starting on a positive note for Williams Martini Racing and hopefully we can keep that momentum going in Australia. Our car has looked reliable in testing and I have been impressed with how the team operates and how quickly I have settled in." The Brazilian also revealed, "I've visited the factory many times since the start of the year and seen the passion that everyone has for this team and the sport. Everyone at Grove has worked incredibly hard on the FW36 and I will be looking to unlock the car's potential and reward everyone for their efforts." Williams Martini Racing make their debut as partners at the forthcoming Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne. (GP247) Subbed by AJN. Content on GrandPrix247.com by: staff & contributors, Reuters syndication, GMM service, Getty Images, Formula 1 teams, sponsors & organisations.


text:
Country music awards set for three-way showdown
By Claudia Parsons
NEW YORK (Reuters) – The Country Music Association awards
are a three-way showdown between Brad Paisley, Keith Urban and
Kenny Chesney, while the Dixie Chicks were snubbed again with
not a single nomination on Wednesday.
The country-pop trio have been boycotted by many radio
stations since lead singer Natalie Maines said during a London
concert in March 2003 that the band was "ashamed" to come from
the same state — Texas — as President George W. Bush.
Despite the fact that "Taking the Long Way Round," their
first studio album since the controversy, quickly went
platinum, the Dixie Chicks were ignored when the CMA announced
the shortlists for its awards, to be held in Nashville on
November 6.
Paisley led the field with six nominations, including best
album, male vocalist and entertainer of the year, a tally
matched by veteran duo Brooks & Dunn, whose nominations
included best album, vocal duo and entertainer.
Chesney and Urban, last year's entertainer of the year,
were close behind with four nominations each. Both were among
the five contenders for entertainer of the year, considered the
top award, along with the band Rascal Flatts, whose tally of
three nominations was matched by Dolly Parton.
Newcomer Carrie Underwood, who shot to fame after winning
the television talent show "American Idol" in 2005, scored four
nominations, including female vocalist of the year.
One name that seemed out of place was the rock band Bon
Jovi, nominated for "Musical Event of the Year" for the duet
with Jennifer Nettles "Who Says You Can't Go Home."
Peter Cooper, senior music writer at The Tennessean, said
there were not many surprises, though a nod for Alan Jackson's
"Precious Memories" for album of the year, for what he called a
"stripped down gospel" record, was a little unexpected.
Cooper said Paisley had six nods last year but won no
awards and that he was surprised Toby Keith received no
He said that while the Dixie Chicks were among the country
acts best known to a wider audience, the lack of radio play for
their new album meant it was no surprise the CMA snubbed them.
"They sing great, they play great and they're still drawing
loads of people to their shows, but apparently there's been a
complete divorce from the country community," Cooper said.
The Dixie Chicks won 10 CMA awards between 1998 and 2002.
In 2003 they were nominated for vocal group and album of the
year but did not win.
Australian-born Keith Urban, who married actress Nicole
Kidman earlier this year, has won male vocalist of the year for
the past two years, and was nominated again in that category,
along with Chesney, Paisley, Jackson and Dierks Bentley.
Chesney, who was briefly married to actress Renee
Zellweger, was already named entertainer of the year at the
Academy of Country Music Awards in May.
Underwood is up against Sara Evans, Faith Hill, Martina
McBride and Gretchen Wilson for female vocalist of the year.
The nominations are drawn up by around 5,000 professionals
in the country music business, from producers to artists to
radio station people.


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"Velvet" Touch #2789
Barbie® doll's evening ensemble had a touch of peasant inspiration. The velvety burgundy dropped-waist dress had sheer rose and purple stipple print nylon sleeves and skirt. The skirt was lined in peach tricot. The outfit's sleeves and hem were accented with burgundy "velvet" with a golden braid. Golden braid also accented the neckline. A golden braid belt had a golden vinyl buckle with a golden bead. Her burgundy "velvet" hat was trimmed in the tricot and golden braid. A tiny "velvet" bag with a golden soutache braid handle and strappy, translucent, day-glow pink open-toed heels completed the ensemble.
All images and descriptions courtesy of Collector Books, publisher of "Barbie® Doll Fashion: Volume 3" by Sarah Sink Eames.
Production doll may vary from the photo shown above. Mattel reserves the right to modify the fashion/fabrics, sculpt, hair color/style, and accessories. Doll cannot stand alone as shown.


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DNS and Active Directory
Updated: May 3, 2010
Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2
Active Directory uses Domain Name System (DNS) name resolution services to make it possible for clients to locate domain controllers and to make it possible for the domain controllers that host the directory service to communicate with each other.
Active Directory enables easy integration of the Active Directory namespace into an existing DNS namespace. Features such as Active Directory–integrated zones make it easier for you to deploy DNS by eliminating the need to set up secondary zones and configure zone transfers.
For information about how DNS supports Active Directory, see the DNS Support for Active Directory Technical Reference (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=48147) as well as "Deploying DNS" in Deploying Network Services in this kit.
|If you implement a disjoint namespace in which the Active Directory domain name differs from the primary DNS suffix that clients use, Active Directory integration with DNS is more complex. For more information, see Disjoint Namespace.


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Glen Rice's ex-wife and former Real Housewife of Miami Cristy Rice stole a semi-slow gathering of the Miami Beach set this past week, with many of the more familiar faces and bodies out of Miami with Labor Day and back to school events on the calendar.
A gentleman ogler never turns down the opportunity to check out a veteran fine woman in a bikini when she so obliges. Cristy did oblige, so we had to follow suit with our impressionable eyes. It's all really a matter of gravity and lust and the complex laws of physics that bind the two in our world. Blessedly so. Enjoy.


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Boyce, Virginia Bed & Breakfasts - Set on 8 acres in the heart of Virginia Hunt country is the culinary treasure L'Auberge Provencale. With the extensive flower, herb, and vegetable gardens and orchard, this premier country inn offers the charm and sophistication of a true Auberge.
Find the perfect accommodations for vacations, romantic weekends and adventurous getaways. Find the right accommodations for your travels, from budget to luxury!


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Druckers Vienna Patisserie was founded by Andre Drucker in 1964. He wanted the folk of his adopted city, Birmingham, to enjoy the quality patisserie he'd known as a young man in Vienna. Druckers has always prided itself on its ability to create wonderful products. We achieve this through the skill and artistry of our highly trained craftsmen and the use of fine ingredients. With a wide choice of delicious food, a mouth-watering patisserie and great coffee, Druckers still provides a unique eating experience.
Special occasion cakes, celebration cakes and wedding cakes available to order in store, online or telephone with prices starting from £17.50 for special occasion cakes and celebration cakes.
Order in store at Unit 201, Halle Square, Manchester Arndale.
Order online at www.druckers.co.uk
or by telephone on 0161 834 5652


text:
30 October 2013 06:09 [Source: ICIS news]
TOKYO (ICIS)-- Japan's production of chemicals, excluding drugs, increased by 2.4% year on year in September as its overall industrial production moves upward, the Ministry of Trade, Economy and Industry (METI) said in a statement on Wednesday.
This is a 0.9% increase from the previous month, the ministry's official data showed.
The country's output of plastics rose by 0.4% year on year and increased by 5.4% month on month, according to the ministry.
Japan's overall industrial production was up by 5.4% in September from the same period a year earlier, while this is a 0.9% decrease from the previous month, based on METI's data.
"Industrial production continues to show an upward movement," the ministry said.
Based on the latest survey conducted by METI earlier in October, Japanese manufacturers expect industrial production to grow by 4.7% in October and decrease by 1.2% in November, the ministry said.
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Asian Chemical Connections


text:
The committee, set up in the aftermath of a spate of attacks against the North-Eastern people in Delhi, to suggest measures to address their concerns has been expanded with the inclusion of four members. The four members drafted in the committee, headed by former IAS officer MP Bezbaruah, are Marina Nido, mother of the student Nido Taniam who died allegedly after being beaten in south Delhi, former IPS officer ST Sangliana and students' leaders J Mavio and JT Tagam from Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh respectively. Former IAS officers HWT Syeim, Allen Temshi Jamir, Tape Bagra and P Bharat Singh will be members of the committee which will have deputy secretary in the union home ministry S Saha as Member-Secretary.
The terms of reference of the Committee include examining various concerns, including security, causes behind the attacks/violence and discrimination against the people from North-Eastern states; suggest measures to be taken by the government to address these concerns and suggest legal remedies to address these concerns.
Meanwhile, The North-East MPs Forum has urged prime minister Manmohan Singh to appoint an Inquiry Commission headed by a retired Supreme Court judge from the North-East to inquire into the death of Arunachal Pradesh student Nido Tania and other cases of racial discrimination
The MPs have also demanded that the Commission should suggest guidelines and measures to improve security, safety and other confidence-building measures among North Eastern people living in various parts of India, including in Delhi.