text:
Could Cameron Diaz be any more perfect? Not only does she look a lot younger than her 39 years, but she's also fallen for British men — but with the One Direction boys from the UK, who can blame her?
Clad in a plunging white swimsuit complete with Californian tan and beachy hair, Cameron Diaz paints a pretty picture in the June issue of Harper's Bazaar.
[Related story: Cameron Diaz is BFFs with everyone at Paris Fashion Week]
[Related story: Cameron Diaz's ex Alex Rodriguez gushes about her]
Her super toned arms, legs and come to mention it, bum, are all on show as are her perfect cheek bones.
Cameron Diaz showed off her amazing figure in Harper's Bazaar
But the real focus on the interview is what words came out of her full pout and it's all praise for Brits.
The model-turned-actress spoke of her admiration for British men telling the magazine: "I love their sense of humour and the sense of chivalry and charm.
"It's something that is innately a part of the culture - we don't have that over here, it's not the same in America."
Cameron Diaz says Colin Firth is the ideal man /WENN
Someone better give her Harry Styles' number as Cam seems to like the tall, dark and handsome types citing Colin Firth as her ideal beau.
"[He] is the perfect Englishman. Just enough of the self-effacing to a point that it's comfortable for other people, but also totally charming and engaging to where he makes you feel special. He's got that British honesty.'
Aww, she seems smitten, it's a shame Colin is married!
Cameron Diaz stars on the cover of Harper's Bazaar
And Cameron Diaz didn't stop there, she went on to praise more of our culture saying: "I love London. I love the Brits, I always have. I have a weak spot for them.
"I grew up on Monty Python. I love Little Britain. My grandfather used to watch Benny Hill all the time."
That would explain her brilliant comic timing then!
And to add yet more perfectness to her persona, the A-lister posed for another shot dressed in just a white silk shirt and trilby looking effortlessly sexy.
Cam, we're not sure we could love you more.


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Drouin wins it 11-4. Had the major with about :45 left but cut him to look for another TD and was unable to get it. 12-6 Iowa State.
Looked good, showed some nice aggressiveness.
Drouin wins it 11-4. Had the major with about :45 left but cut him to look for another TD and was unable to get it. 12-6 Iowa State.
Looked good, showed some nice aggressiveness.
Marcel Clopton leads Carr 1-0 at 149 going into the third period.
Carr wins 2-1 with an escape and riding time. 15-6 Iowa State.
Sorenson majoring Epperly is surprising. Not that he won, but a major?
Jacob Schlottke---Gone too soon, and the world is a little less bright because of it. RIP, brother.
One, two, Evans is coming for you...
Jensen, it's your boy!
Jacob Schlottke---Gone too soon, and the world is a little less bright because of it. RIP, brother.
One, two, Evans is coming for you...
Matt Cathell (yeah, he's back) v. Trent Weatherman
1st Period: Both guys banging on the head early on, Weatherman snaps into a front headlock and looks to go knee tap. Misses it. Now trying to bury the head and come around. Cathell manages to find a leg and its stalemated. Weatherman down to a front head again and they're out. Weatherman in on a high crotch, sets Cathell to his hip. Cathell on his butt trying to sit the corner. Weatherman trying to duck the leg now. Cathell given the two...2-0 Cathell. Cathell looks to work a suck back, misses it the first time but has it locked up the second time and he's getting a count. Got the body scissored, KJ yelling that you can't do that. Mark Bader saying you can scissor the body but not figure four it. Cathell stays there and leads 5-0 after the first.
2nd Period: Weatherman takes both up. Looking to go upperbody, punches in an underhook and reaches across for the ankle pick ala Andrew Long and gets the TD...5-2 Weatherman. Weatherman tries to cut, Cathell tries to spin and snag an ankle so Weatherman is going to ride for a little. Trying to work a farside bar, now looking for double bars. Cathell swims his arms out. Weatherman cuts now to make it 6-2. :30 to go. Weatherman in on a high crotch, Cathell sits around the corner again and picks up another TD. Leads 8-2 going into the third.
3rd Period: Cathell takes top. Cathell looking to suck back again. Weatherman fights it off this time. Cathell with a boot in now. Cathell gets riding time back. Cathell continues to try and just narrowly miss the suck back. Up under the arms trying to kick over the top like Nick Simmons does in freestyle. Cathell locks up and rolls Weatherman through to his back. He's got his 5 count now trying transition on top for the stick. Looking for the stick with a half, and he gets it.
Matt Cathell fall Trent Weatherman 6:38
15-12 Iowa State
Last edited by JensenS; 11-06-2010 at 04:00 PM.
How awesome would a Cathell/Jameson match be?
So is Cathell in at 157 and no Shuster? Not that it matters in the long run but I guess I need to figure out if there is a future for Shuster.
"Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until they speak."
I think this weekend will decide the 57 starter for Kent. I'm confident that will be Cathell, and I think Shuster will probably suck down to 49. I hope so, anyway.


text:
St. Paul's Second Letter to the Corinthians 4:1-12
BRETHREN, having this ministry as we have received mercy, we do not lose heart. We have renounced di ... |
Mark 3:13-21
At that time, Jesus went up on the mountain, and called to him those whom he desired; and they came to ... |
Enlighten now my mind's eye, open my mouth to study your words and understand your commandments.
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Acceleware Announces Significant Sale of Reverse Time Migration Software to Colombia's Ecopetrol
(Marketwire Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) CALGARY, ALBERTA -- (Marketwired) -- 01/16/14 -- Acceleware Ltd. (TSX VENTURE: AXE) today announced that Ecopetrol S.A., Columbia's largest integrated oil and gas company, has selected Tsunami Development's seismic imaging suite for the exploration of hydrocarbon reserves. The suite features AxRTM�, Acceleware's high performance reverse time migration (RTM) library.
"Ecopetrol's exploration plans are ambitious and include many complex and unique geological structures," said Bill Kamps, President of Tsunami Development. "RTM has been proven to be the best solution for dealing with geological complexity, and Ecopetrol's geophysicists have deemed it an essential tool for carrying out their exploration plans." Tsunami Development's imaging suite will provide Ecopetrol with the tools required to develop a sophisticated internal seismic imaging team, allowing the company to better manage and enhance the results they receive from seismic contractors. Ecopetrol will be using the GPU accelerated version of AxRTM, enabling larger and more complex datasets to be processed faster.
Ranked in the world's top 50 oil companies, Ecopetrol is currently carrying out exploration in 32 blocks within Columbia and a further 15 blocks located offshore in the Colombian Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.
"Ecopetrol is Colombia's primary petroleum company, with almost two thirds of the country's production. Their selection of AxRTM to deal with their unique geology is quite an endorsement." said Geoff Clark, Chief Executive Officer of Acceleware Ltd.
About AxRTM Acceleware's AxRTM is the most efficient finite-difference reverse time migration software in the seismic market. It is a pre-stack two-way wave equation migration library with isotropic, VTI and TTI capabilities that uniquely supports NVIDIA Tesla GPUs, Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors and multi-core CPU clusters. AxRTM provides seismic data processors with an economically viable reverse time migration solution. Advanced geophysical imaging features including dual TTI formulations for stability and speed, high quality imaging conditions, obliquity correction and innovative noise removal produce high quality images of exceptional detail. AxRTM is available from Acceleware, and in integrated seismic processing platforms from Paradigm and Tsunami Development.
About Acceleware Acceleware (www.acceleware.com) develops high performance seismic imaging and modeling software products and provides innovative technology for radio frequency (RF) heating, an emerging thermal enhanced oil recovery method. As experts in programming for multi-core CPUs and massively parallel GPUs, Acceleware's professional services team specializes in accelerating computationally intense applications for clients to speed up product design, analyze data and help make better business decisions. Acceleware's products and services are used by some of the world's largest energy and engineering companies.
Acceleware is a public company on Canada's TSX Venture Exchange under the trading symbol AXE.
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Contacts: Acceleware Ltd.
Pam McMinn +1 (403) 249-9099, ext 287 email@example.com www.acceleware.com Source: Acceleware Ltd.
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Page 1
A Glimpse of Answer Set Programming
Christian Anger and Kathrin Konczak and Thomas Linke and Torsten Schaub
Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative paradigm for solving search problems appearing in knowledge repre-
sentation and reasoning. To solve a problem, a programmer designs a logic program so that models of the program
determine solutions to the problem. ASP has been identified in the late 1990s as a subarea of logic programming and is
becoming one of the fastest growing fields in knowledge representation and declarative programming. Major advantages
of ASP are (1) its simplicity, (2) its ability to model effectively incomplete specifications and closure constraints, and
(3) its relation to constraint satisfaction and propositional satisfiability, which allows one to take advantage of advances
in these areas when designing solvers for ASP systems.
1 Introduction
Answer Set Programming (ASP) emerged in the late 1990s
as a new logic programming paradigm [22, 34, 35, 28], ha-
ving its roots in nonmonotonic reasoning, deductive databa-
ses and logic programming with negation as failure. Since its
inception, it has been regarded as the computational embo-
diment of nonmonotonic reasoning and a primary candidate
for an effective knowledge representation tool. This view has
been boosted by the emergence of highly efficient solvers
for ASP [50, 17]. It now seems hard to dispute that ASP
brought new life to logic programming and nonmonotonic
reasoning research and has become a major driving force for
these two fields, helping to dispel gloomy prophecies of their
impending demise.
The basic idea of ASP is to represent a given compu-
tational problem by a logic program whose answer sets cor-
respond to solutions, and then use an answer set solver for
finding answer sets of the program. This approach is close-
ly related to the one pursued in propositional satisfiability
checking (SAT), where problems are encoded as propositio-
nal theories whose models represent the solutions to the gi-
ven problem. Even though syntactically, ASP programs look
like Prolog programs, they are treated by rather different
computational mechanisms. Indeed, the usage of model ge-
neration instead of query evaluation can be seen as a recent
trend in the encompassing field of knowledge representation
and reasoning. ASP is particularly suited for solving difficult
combinatorial search problems. Among these, we find appli-
cations to plan generation, product configuration, diagnosis,
and graph-theoretical problems.
2 Background
We restrict the formal development of ASP to propositional
(normal) logic programs consisting of rules of the form
p0 ← p1,...,pm,not pm+1,...,not pn ,
where n ≥ m ≥ 0, and each pi (0 ≤ i ≤ n) is an atom.
Given such a rule r, we let head(r) denote the head, p0, of r
and body(r) the body, {p1,...,pm, not pm+1,...,not pn},
of r. Also, let body+(r) = {p1,...,pm} and body−(r) =
{pm+1,...,pn}. The intuitive reading of such a rule is that
of a constraint on an answer set: If all atoms in body+(r)
are included in the set and no atom in body−(r) is in it, then
head(r) must be included in the answer set.
Answer sets as such are defined via a reduction to negation-
as-failure-free programs: A logic program is called basic if
body−(r) = ∅ for all its rules. A set of atoms X is closed
under a basic program Π if for any r ∈ Π, head(r) ∈ X
whenever body+(r) ⊆ X. The smallest set of atoms which
is closed under a basic program Π is denoted by Cn(Π) and
constitutes the answer set of Π.
For the general case, we need the concept of a reduct of
a program Π relative to a set X of atoms:
ΠX= {head(r) ← body+(r) | r ∈ Π,body−(r) ∩ X = ∅}.
With these formalities at hand, we can define answer set
semantics for logic programs: A set X of atoms is an answer
set of a program Π if Cn(ΠX) = X. This definition is due
to [22], where the term stable model is used; the idea traces
back to [45]. In fact, one may regard an answer set as a
model of a program Π that is somehow "stable" under Π.
In other words, an answer set is closed under the rules of Π,
and it is "grounded in Π", that is, each of its atoms has a
derivation using "applicable" rules from Π.
For illustration, consider the program
Π = {p ← p, q ← not p} .
Among the four candidate sets, we find a single answer set,
{q}, as can be verified by means of the following table:
Seite 1
Page 2
A noteworthy fact is that posing the query p or q to Π in a
Prolog system leads to non-terminating situation due to its
top-down approach.
Analogously, we may check that the program
Π1 = {p ← not q, q ← not p}
has the two answer sets {p} and {q}.
The two rules in Π1 are mutually exclusive and capture an
indefinite situation: p can be added unless q has been added
and vice versa. We show in the next section how this can be
exploited in modeling problems in ASP.
Unlike the previous examples,
Π2 = {p ← not p}
admits no answer set. Interestingly, Π2 offers a straightfor-
ward way to model integrity constraints of form
← p1,...,pm,not pm+1,...,not pn .
This can be done by introducing a new atom f and replacing
(2) by rule f ← not f,p1,...,pm,not pm+1,...,not pn .
Whenever the integrity constraint in (2) is violated by a can-
didate set this set is eliminated by the effect observed on
program Π2. The usefulness of integrity constraints can be
observed by adding ← p to program Π1. In fact, the integri-
ty constraints ← p eliminates the original answer set {p} of
Π1, so that Π1∪ {← p} yields a single answer set {q}.
Although general ASP is principally computationally com-
plete, that is, it can simulate arbitrary Turing machines [6],
one usually deals with decidable fragments. Commonly, we
consider rules with variables that are taken as abbreviations
for all ground instances over a finite set of constants. The
propositional fragment of ASP defined above allows for en-
coding all decision and search problems within NP [48, 33].
3 Modeling
The basic approach to writing programs in ASP follows a
"generate-and-test" strategy. First, one writes a group of
rules whose answer sets would correspond to candidate solu-
tions. Then, one adds a second group of rules, mainly consi-
sting of integrity constraints, that eliminates candidates re-
presenting invalid solutions.
As an example consider the well-known n-queens pro-
blem. The goal is to place n queens on an n×n chessboard
so that no two queens appear on the same row, column, or
diagonal. Let us represent the positioning of the queens by
atoms of the form q(i,j), where 1 ≤ i,j ≤ n. That is, an
atom q(i,j) represents that a queen is at position (i,j).
Let us first give a "generator". To this end, we build
upon the non-deterministic behavior observed on program
Π1. Also, we introduce an auxiliary atom q?(i,j) indicating
that there is no queen at (i,j). Finally, we need a "domain
predicate" d indicating the dimension of the chessboard. Ac-
cordingly, we obtain:
q(X,Y )
q?(X,Y )
d(X),d(Y ),not q?(X,Y )
d(X),d(Y ),not q(X,Y )
So, taking a 1×1 chessboard by adding d(1), we obtain from
(3) and (4) two answer sets, {q(1,1),d(1)} and {q?(1,1),d(1)},
just as with program Π1. Accordingly, we obtain by adding
d(1) and d(2) a 2×2 chessboard, generating 16 answer sets,
among which we find:
Now, the "tester" must eliminate candidate sets in which
queens are positioned on the same row, column, or diago-
nal. This can be done by means of the following integrity
q(X,Y ),q(X?,Y ),X??= X,
d(X),d(Y ),d(X?),d(Y?)
q(X,Y ),q(X,Y?),Y??= Y,
d(X),d(Y ),d(X?),d(Y?)
q(X,Y ),q(X?,Y?),|X − X?| = |Y − Y?|,
X??= X,Y??= Y,d(X),d(Y ),d(X?),d(Y?)
In fact, all rules rule out candidate set (8). Rule (11) eli-
minates set (7). However, none of them accounts for the
requirement that n queens must be put on the board. This
can be achieved by the following pair of rules.
hasq(X)d(X),d(Y ),q(X,Y )
The two latter rules eliminate candidate sets (5) and (6).
4 Language Extensions
Classical negation. Normal logic programs provide negati-
ve information implicitly through the closed world assump-
tion [44]. Consider the following rule: cross ← not train.
If train is not derivable, the atom cross becomes true. But
this may lead to a disaster because you have no explicit infor-
mation that there really is no train. An alternative would be
to use an explicit negation operator ¬. Then we can express
the previous rule as follows: cross ← ¬train.
Seite 2
Page 3
An atom p or a negated atom ¬p is called a literal.
Logic programs with literals are called extended logic pro-
grams [22]. An extended logic program is contradictory [5]
if complementary literals, e.g. train and ¬train, are deri-
vable. In that case, one obtains exactly one answer set, viz
the set of all literals. If a program is not contradictory, the
definition of answer sets of extended logic programs carries
over from normal programs.
Classical negation can be eliminated by a polynomial
transformation, replacing each negated atom ¬p by a new
atom p?and adding the rules,
q ← p,p?
q?← p,p?,
for each atom p and q. The rules in (12) generate the set of
all literals in case of contradictory programs. For preserving
only consistent answer sets, we may add constraints ← p,p?
for each atom p, instead of the rules in (12).
Disjunctive logic programs extend normal programs by dis-
junctive information in the head of a rule [22]. More precisely,
the head of a rule is a disjunction q0;...;qk for atoms qi,
where 0 ≤ i ≤ k. E.g. p;q expresses that "p is true or q
is true". Letting head(r) = {q0,...,qk}, a set of atoms
X is closed under a basic program Π if for any r ∈ Π,
head(r) ∩ X ?= ∅ whenever body+(r) ⊆ X. The definition
of ΠXcarries over from normal programs. An answer set X
of a disjunctive logic program is a ⊆- minimal set of atoms
being closed under ΠX. For example, the disjunctive logic
program Π = {p;q ←} has the answer sets {p} and {q}.
The set {p,q} is closed under Π{p,q}, but it is not an answer
set of Π since it is not ⊆-minimal. Observe that adding the
rules p ← and q ← to Π makes {p,q} the only answer set
of Π ∪ {p ←,q ←}. If we use disjunction in the n-queens
problem, rules (3) and (4) can be replaced by one rule:
q(X,Y ); q?(X,Y )
d(X),d(Y )
The usage of disjunction raises the complexity of the un-
derlying decision problems, e.g. deciding whether there exists
an answer set X for a given atom p such that p ∈ X is ΣP
complete [18].
Nested logic programs are logic programs where the bodies
and heads of rules may contain arbitrary boolean expressions
formed from propositional atoms and the symbols ? (true)
and ⊥ (false) using negation-as-failure (not), conjunction
(,), and disjunction (;) [30]. Answer sets are similarly defined
as for disjunctive programs under regard that every boolean
expression must be satisfied in the sense of classical logic and
that the reduct ΠXis operating on boolean expressions. For
illustration, consider nested program Π = {(p;not p) ←}.
Taking X = ∅, we obtain Π∅= {(p;?) ←} as reduct and ∅
as the only ⊆- minimal set being closed under Π∅, that is,
the boolean expression (p;?) is trivially satisfied by X = ∅.
For X = {p}, we get Π{p}= {(p;⊥) ←} and {p} as the
⊆-minimal set satisfying the expression (p;⊥). Hence, ∅ and
{p} are the answer sets of nested program {(p;not p) ←}.
In the n-queens problem, rules (3) and (4) can be replaced
by q(X,Y ); not q(X,Y ) ← d(X),d(Y ) , where the usage
of nested expressions avoids using auxiliary predicate q?.
Nested programs can be polynomially translated into dis-
junctive programs [39].
Cardinality constraints are extended literals [49]. They are
of the form l {q1,...,qm} u, for m ≥ 1, where l,u are
lower and upper bounds on the cardinality of subsets of
{q1,...,qm} satisfied in an encompassing answer set. They
can appear in the head or in the body of a rule. A car-
dinality constraint is satisfied in an answer set X, if the
number of atoms from {q1,...,qm} belonging to X is bet-
ween l and u. To ensure in the n-queens problem that ex-
actly one queen is in every column j, we use the expres-
sion 1{q(1,j),...,q(n,j)}1, which can be abbreviated by
1{q(X,j) : d(X)}1, a so-called conditional literal [49]. Hence,
the n-queens problem can be encoded with three rules, na-
mely rule (11) and
1{q(X,Y ) : d(X)}1
1{q(X,Y ) : d(Y )}1
d(Y )
where rules (13) and (14) ensure that there is exactly one
queen in every column and row, respectively.
Deciding whether a normal program with cardinality cons-
traints has an answer set is NP-complete [49].
Preferences. The notion of preference is pervasive in common-
sense reasoning, e.g. in decision making, in part because
preferences constitute a very natural and effective way of
resolving indeterminate situations. In the following, we will
exemplarily consider preferences among rules and so-called
ordered disjunctions.
Rule preferences. A logic program with (static) prefe-
rences is a pair (Π,<) where Π is a logic program and < is a
strict partial order among rules of Π expressing that one rule
has higher priority than another rule. Also, dynamic prefe-
rences can be modeled by taking a special purpose predicate
prec instead of an external order <. In both cases, the idea
is to apply a rule r only if the "question of applicability" has
been settled for all higher preferred rules r?. See [47, 14] for
a survey on strategies for rule preferences.
Ordered disjunctions allow to represent alternative, ran-
ked options in the head of rules [10]. p × q is an ordered
disjunction which means: if possible p, but if p is impossi-
ble then at least q. Ordered disjunctions can be used, e.g.
for the problem of composing a menu. You can choose bet-
ween meat or vegetarian food. In case of choosing meat
you would prefer wine over mineral water, otherwise you
prefer mineral water over wine. These preferences can be
modeled with ordered disjunctions as follows:
meat × vegetarian
wine × water
water × wine
not meat
This program has answer set {meat,wine}. But in the case
where meat is not possible, e.g. adding the integrity cons-
traint ← meat, the answer set is {vegetarian,water}.
Further preference handling approaches in answer set
programming are preferences among literals [46], ordered
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Page 4
choice logic programs [8], the preference description langua-
ge PDL [9] for specifying complex preferences structures in
optimization problems, and consistency-restoring rules [4].
Other language extensions include aggregate functions [15],
like sum, count, or min, weak constraints [27] as a variant
of integrity constraints, and weight constraints [49] as an
extension of cardinality constraints.
5 Systems
In recent years, several systems for answer sets computation
have become available, including smodels [50, 49], dlv [17,
27], noMoRe [38, 32], assat [2, 31], and cmodels [12]. Most
of the currently known ASP systems are designed to compute
answer sets for propositional logic programs. In order to deal
with programs containing variables, the systems rely on a
two phase implementation consisting of:
1. elimination of variables for obtaining propositional pro-
grams and handling special system dependent langua-
ge extensions (see Section 4); and
2. computation of answer sets for propositional programs.
Before detailing the second phase, we shortly report on the
main tools for variable elimination, so-called grounders. Current-
ly, most ASP systems utilize lparse (the grounder coming
with the smodels system) or the grounder included in dlv.
Both grounders allow for parsing disjunctive logic programs
with classical negation along with their specific language ex-
The remainder of this section describes the second pha-
se, dealing with answer set generation of propositional logic
programs. For simplicity, we deal with normal programs only.
In this case, answer sets are (sub)sets of atoms occurring in
a given program as heads of rules. A partial model is defined
as a 3-valued truth assignment for the atoms of a program
with truth values true, false and undefined. Such a 3-valued
model is total if it contains no undefined atoms. General-
ly, the answer set computation in the second phase aims at
extending a given partial model to a total one which is an
answer set (or determining that this is impossible). The com-
putation can be decomposed into alternating deterministic
and non-deterministic parts. We start with the partial model
where all atoms are undefined. Then we try to extend it to an
answer set by computing its deterministic consequences by
means of propagation techniques. These techniques extend
the partial model by increasing the number of atoms being
true or false, respectively. If the obtained model is total, then
it is returned as an answer set. If the model is contradictory,
in the sense that an atom has been assigned both true and
false, then we have detected a situation admitting no ans-
wer sets. Otherwise, we must non-deterministically choose
an undefined atom and "branch" on its possible truth va-
lues true and false. This is done by a case analysis which
recursively applies the described procedure once to the par-
tial model where the chosen atom is assigned true and again
to the partial model where the chosen atom is false1.
1The above procedure is similar to the Davis-Putnam-
Logemann-Loveland procedure [13] for SAT solvers.
Observe that all ASP solvers additionally utilize some
heuristics to guide their choices. The actual heuristics is cru-
cial for the overall system performance, since the number
of choices determines the depth of the (exponential) search
tree. For a detailed discussion of different ASP heuristics
including experimental results see [20].
The smodels system. The basic smodels algorithm can be
described as follows:
1 expand(L,U)
2 if L ?⊆ U then return fail
3 if L = U then exit with L
4 A ← select(U \ L)
5 smodels(L ∪ {A},U)
6 smodels(L,U \ {A})
It computes an answer set between lower bound L and up-
per bound U, or determines that this is impossible. That
is, the two sets L and U aim at capturing all answer sets
X such that L ⊆ X ⊆ U. Observe that partial models are
represented through two sets of atoms L and U, where L
contains all true atoms and U contains all atoms not yet
known to be false (that is, true or undefined); false atoms
are implicitly given by Atm(Π)\U.2First, smodels compu-
tes deterministic consequences of a partial model at hand by
calling its propagation procedure expand (Line 1). Observe
that expand is based on propagation rules which generalize
the well-founded semantics [53]. In fact, if a call to expand
produces sets L and U such that L is not a subset of U,
then it follows that there is no answer set between the in-
itially given bounds (Line 2). On the other hand, if L = U
after a call to expand (Line 3), then L is an answer set of
the underlying logic program. More precisely, expand tries
to enlarge lower bound L and, at the same time, it tries to
make upper bound U smaller in such a way that no answer
set is lost. That is, for all answer sets X of a program we
have if condition L ⊆ X ⊆ U holds before calling expand,
then it also holds after the execution of expand. If neces-
sary, smodels then chooses an undefined atom A (Line 4)
and calls itself recursively, first (Line 5) to try to find an
answer set between L ∪ {A} and U, that is, setting A true,
and second (Line 6) to find an answer set between L and
U \ {A}, that is, setting A false. Initially, smodels is called
with ∅ and Atm(Π). This guarantees that all answer sets of
Π are found via backtracking.
The dlv system [17] extents the computation of answer
sets to disjunctive logic programs and dlv specific language
extensions, e.g. aggregate functions and weak constraints.
Its core algorithm is similar to the one of smodels. The
propagation of dlv also relies on computing well-founded
semantics plus back-propagation mechanisms that allow for
additionally marking atoms as being "eventually true".
The systems assat and cmodels. These two ASP solvers
operate by reducing the problem of answer set computa-
tion to the satisfiability problem of propositional formulas
(via Clark's completion [11]) and by invoking a SAT solver
2Atm(Π) denotes the set of all atoms occurring in Π.
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Page 5
to generate answer sets. The fact that answer sets of the
syntactically restricted class of tight programs correspond
to classical models of its completion was discovered by Fa-
ges [21] and used for answer set computation in [2, 12]. For
handling the general case correctly, so-called loop formulas
have to be added [31]. However, complexity considerations
show that an exponential growth in size is likely to be unavoi-
dable, whenever logic programs are mapped into equivalent
propositional formulas [29].
The noMoRe system [38] relies on a graph-based approach.
It has its roots in default logic [45], where extensions are
often characterized through their (unique) set of generating
default rules. Accordingly, noMoRe characterizes answer sets
by means of their set of generating rules. For determining
whether a rule belongs to this set, we must verify that each
positive body atom is derivable and that no negative body
atom is derivable. In fact, an atom is derivable if the set
of generating rules includes a rule having the atom as its
head; or conversely, an atom is not derivable if there is no
rule among the generating rules that has the atom as its
head. Consequently, the formation of the set of generating
rules amounts to resolving positive and negative dependen-
cies among rules. For capturing these dependencies, noMoRe
takes advantage of the concept of a rule dependency graph,
wherein each node represents a rule of the underlying pro-
gram and two types of edges stand for the aforementioned
positive and negative rule dependencies, respectively. Answer
sets now can be expressed by total non-standard 2-colorings
of the rule dependency graph [32, 26], such that, whether a
rule belongs to a set of generating rules or not, is indicated
through its color.
Other systems. In addition to the above presented ASP sy-
stems there are other systems available, among them we
find the plp system [40] for preference handling, XSB [43]
for computing well-founded semantics, the quip [42] sy-
stem dealing with ASP through quantified boolean formulas,
nlp [36] a front-end for nested logic programs, psmodels [41]
an implementation of ordered disjunctions, and gnt [23] an
system for disjunctive logic programs based on smodels.
In order to foster further development of ASP the auto-
mated benchmarking system asparagus [1, 7] was launched.
Its two principal goals are to provide an infrastructure for
accumulating challenging benchmarks, and to facilitate exe-
cuting ASP solvers under the same conditions, guaranteeing
reproducible and reliable performance results.
6 Applications
ASP has been applied in multiple areas, e.g. product confi-
guration [52, 51], planning [28, 16] and diagnosis [3].
In product configuration one derives a valid configuration
from predefined components, some restrictions on these, and
a set of customer requirements. One example is the configu-
ration of PCs. Take program
computer ←
1 {ide disk,scsi disk} ← computer
german layout;us layout ← computer
scsi controller ← scsi disk
expressing in rule (16) that a computer has an IDE or a SCSI
disk and either a German or US layout keyboard in (17). If
it does have a SCSI disk, rule (18) states that it also needs
a SCSI controller. The answer sets of this program repre-
sent all possible configurations. If you now add the customer
requirements (German keyboard, no SCSI disk)
← scsi disk
german layout ←
the remaining, single answer set
{computer,ide disk,german layout}
represents the only valid configuration.
This easy, highly declarative way of dealing with confi-
guration tasks is used e.g. for the configuration of Debian
Linux [51].
Planning within ASP is another area that has been exten-
sively studied during the last few years. Consider the blocks
world domain where we want to move blocks from an initi-
al situation to a goal situation. In ASP, we can express the
problem in the following way. We start with the generator:
{mv(B,L,T) : bl(B) : loc(L)} 1 ← t(T),T < last
which generates possible moves (mv) of blocks (bl) to cer-
tain locations3(loc) for all discrete time steps (t) before time
step last (see rule (19)).
on(B,L,T + 1) ← mv(B,L,T),bl(B),loc(L),
t(T),T < last
on(B,L,T + 1) ← on(B,L,T),
not ¬on(B,L,T + 1),
bl(B),loc(L),t(T),T < last
¬on(B,L1,T) ← on(B,L,T),L ?= L1,bl(B),
loc(L),loc(L1),t(T),T < last
We describe the effect of a move action in (20) by saying
that if block B is moved to location L at time T, it will
be on that location at the next time step T + 1. Inertia
(21) expresses that a block stays on a location, unless it
does not (¬on). The information that a block is not on a
certain location is represented by rule (22), which expresses
uniqueness of location (no block can be at two locations at
the same time).
Now let us look at the tester part of our program.
← 2 {on(B1,B,T) : bl(B1)},bl(B),t(T)
← mv(B,L,T),on(B1,B,T),bl(B),bl(B1),
loc(L),t(T),T < last
3Possible locations are the blocks themselves and the table.
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Page 6
Integrity constraint (23) expresses that no two blocks
can be on top of the same block (though they can both be
on the table). Via constraint (24) we express that a block
can only be moved, if there is no block on top of it.
We have now described the blocks world domain with
just six rules. Now we only need to specify our initial (i.e. at
time step 0) and goal (at time step last) situations. E.g., we
start with two towers with two blocks each:
on(1,2,0) ←
on(3,4,0) ←
on(2,table,0) ←
on(4,table,0) ←
To specify our goal situation of just one big tower, we use
integrity constraints. We disallow all answer sets (possible
plans) where the blocks are not in the desired position at
the last time step:
← not on(4,3,last)
← not on(2,1,last)
← not on(3,2,last)
← not on(1,table,last)
The last thing we need to do is to fix the macro last to a
specific number of time steps, representing the length of the
plans to be investigated. For the situation above, we could
e.g. use last = 3, which would give us all possible plans of
length three, i.e., {mv(4,table,0),mv(3,2,1),mv(4,3,2)} .
We have refrained from giving explicit instantiations of
the domain predicates bl and t, which would also be needed.
Other Applications of ASP include the Reaction Control
System of the Space Shuttle [37], which has primary respon-
sibility for maneuvering the aircraft while in space. Also, ASP
has been employed e.g. for Constraint Programming [35], for
certain issues pertaining Petri nets [24], for cryptanalysis [25]
and for research in historical linguistics [19].
Acknowledgments. The authors were supported by DFG un-
der grants FOR 375/1 and SCHA 550/6 as well as WASP
project IST-2001-37004. We would like to thank G. Brewka,
V. Lifschitz, I. Niemel¨ a, and M. Truszczy´ nski whose materi-
als provided an extremely valuable source for this paper.
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Universit¨ at Potsdam, Institut f¨ ur Informatik
August-Bebel-Straße 89, D-14482 Potsdam
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New from T'ruah
Tell Netanyahu: Don't Allow Private Settlements
On May 22, Haaretz reported that American billionaire Irving Moskowitz has purchased an old church compound in the West Bank, between Bethlehem and Hebron. The settlers for whom he bought this property have been secretly refurbishing it in preparation for moving in. Moskowitz pulled this off using a shell company in Sweden and a non-profit organization in the United States. (Read Haaretz's follow-up coverage.)
That means that U.S. tax dollars are subsidizing constructing a settlement whose sensitive location threatens the possibility of any two-state solution.
Click here to tell Prime Minister Netanyahu today: don't let Moskowitz get away with destroying peace by building a private settlement.
Peering Outside the Camp
A d'var Torah for Parashat Naso by Rabbi Michael Lezak
"Joseph's master had him put in prison…but even while he was there in prison, God was with Joseph." -Genesis 39:20-21
Bulletproof glass separates me and my congregant. David [not his real name] and I sit opposite one another, in identical, soundproof, cinder-block visiting cubicles at a prison an hour's drive from my home. He's wearing a loose-fitting prison-orange v-neck with a black crewneck underneath. As our eyes connect, we smile. He reaches for the gray plastic phone attached to the wall on his side. I reach for mine. "Hi David, it's really good to see you."
"Rabbi Lezak, thank you so much for coming. Tell me how you've been. How's your family? How are things back at the temple?" Months behind bars had not dimmed the menschy light that I recognized in David when we first met many years prior. On the tabletop in front of him sat a ballpoint pen, a yellow legal notepad, and a soft-bound JPS Tanakh.
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Fax: (410) 280-6484
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Marilyn was purchased by her current owner in 2003. She then underwent a major upgrade, with much of her interior replaced. The main saloon and galley were gutted and replaced with high quality joiner work and appliances. The entire cabin sole was replaced with teak and holly and a new overhead was installed throughout. All of the systems and wiring were renewed and there are wire conduits throughout the vessel. The mast and standing rigging were replaced as well as the main sail. Marilyn is a clean boat and she is fully commissioned at this time.
Marilyn is a good choice and certainly worthy of your inspection if you are looking for a fast, comfortable cruising boat or a spacious home on the water. She has been home to her current owner and taken him cruising from Martha's Vineyard and throughout the Caribbean for the last twelve years. She will outperform the typical 45' to 55' cruising boat in the same price range, while boasting accommodations that are on boats with a much higher price point. Marilyn is a special boat, fun to sail and to just be a part of.
Please be sure to click on "FULL SPECS" above for a complete inventory of this boat.
|Hull Material
|Hull Shape
|16 ft 2 in
|Draft Board/Drive Up
|6 ft 7 in
|Engine Make
|Engine Model
|Engine Year
|Fuel Capacity
|450 gal
|Length at Waterline
|52 ft
|Length Overall
|62 ft
|Cabin Headroom
|6 ft 8 in
|Number of Heads
|Holding Tank Size
|75 gal
|Water Capacity
|400 gal
|Engine Hours
|Number of Berths
|Number of Engines
|Max Bridge Clearance
|79 ft
7078 Bembe Beach Road
United States
Fax: (410) 280-6484
Forward VIP guest stateroom: Just aft of the chain locker access, there is a large V-berth. Drawer storage is located beneath the berth, while on either side are nightstands with louvered door lockers above and below the fiddled shelf space. There is a pair of full height hanging lockers on the starboard side of the cabin. Ash staving lines the hullsides and ventilation to this space is provided by a large overhead hatch and two opening portholes.
Forward guest stateroom:Continuing aft, there is a guest stateroom located on port. There are upper and lower berths, hanging and regular locker storage and drawer storage beneath the lower berth.
Forward guest head: Across from the forward guest stateroom and on starboard is the forward head. As you enter, the head is to your left and the sink is to your right. There is a large mirrored medicine cabinet above the sink and a signature Gulfstar teak framed oval mirror to the right of the countertop. There is a separate bar mounted shower wand with a single lever mixer located on the wall next to the head.
Galley: Aft of these spaces is the galley, which uses the full beam of the boat. The main working area of the galley is a large U-shaped space on port. The sinks face aft and are oriented towards centerline. Beneath that countertop are three cabinets and a drawer. The four burner stove is along the hull side and has sliding door storage immediately above the countertop and then two double door cabinets above that. The next counter top wraps around from the stove and along the forward bulkhead. Overhead is a built in stainless steel microwave that is framed by two more cabinets. Below the counter on this section is a lazy Susan cabinet in the corner by the stove, two more drawers and a double door cabinet. On the starboard side you will find a huge counter space, with two top loading ice box lids. At the right end is a custom toaster nook. Beneath the counter are an upright refrigeration/freezer and a locker at the forward end. Above the countertop are two more double door cabinets.
Saloon: Moving up a step from the galley you continue into the saloon. This is truly a sumptuous space, with ash staving lining the overhead and hullsides and large windows providing a wonderfully panoramic view of your surroundings. On the starboard side there is a deep settee, with storage behind and beneath it and a shelf above. A large radiused end dry bar is located at the forward end of the settee. On port is a wrap-around L shaped settee surrounding a gorgeous teak folding table. There is storage beneath and behind the settee and a large shelf behind it. Aft of the settee is a deep countertop with a louvered double-door locker beneath it and a shallower louvered double door locker above it. At the forward end of the settee a half height bulkhead divides the settee from the galley and has a fiddled teak counter on top of the bulkhead. This arrangement allows people in the galley to be part of what is going on in the saloon and makes the entire space feel quite expansive and airy.
Nav station: The nav station is located on starboard aft of the settee and at the base of the companionway. The electrical panel is located here. The black laminate chart table top has a good bit of storage inside and locker storage beneath it. To the right of the upholstered swivel seat is a stack of drawers; electronics are mounted on an instrument cabinet above the desk space.
Amidships guest stateroom: Aft of the main salon and down two steps is a corridor leading aft to the master stateroom. Off that corridor is another guest cabin on starboard, with a large double berth, drawer storage beneath it and a hanging locker.
Aft guest head: Located on port across from the amidships guest stateroom is another head. The separate shower st
The Gulfstar Sailmaster 62 is a boat known for its strength. The deck and hull are hand laid fiberglass. The deck composition is unusual, in that it is a laminated layup of three layers of fiberglass about 1/4" thick, sandwiching two layers of 1/2" balsa core material between them, giving the deck a solid construction thickness of 1 3/4" thick! The hull & deck are thru-bolted with 3/8" bolts on 4" centers. There are 3/4" structural bulkheads throughout the vessel. The ballast is lead and is internal, so no separation of keel and hull to worry about in the event of a grounding. The rudder is skeg hung and has a 4" diameter solid stainless steel shaft.
The hull was refinished in 2004 using Awl-Craft 2000 Off White; the boot stripe was done in Flag Blue. The deck was repainted in 2012 in the same Awl-Craft 2000 Off White; the non-skid was done with a coarse non-skid additive.
The binnacle was completely rebuilt in 2012, with a fresh coat of Awlgrip, all new instruments, instrument panel and compass, the steering system was overhauled and upgraded and a huge custom cockpit table was designed and fitted into place, with a custom cover to protect it.
When the spar was replaced on Marilyn, the owner had it made four feet higher than the original factory spar. This was to increase her sail area, which dramatically increased her sailing performance.
In 2003, all of the wiring in Marilyn was replaced and upgraded to the current ABYC standards. In the course of routine upgrades and improvements, any systems work was upgraded in the process. There are wire conduits throughout.
Owner's personal effects and any items not specified in this listing
Potential purchasers should assume that any items on the vessel at the time of viewing, but not specifically listed on this specification sheet, are not included with the sale of the yacht. These specifications are believed to be correct but cannot be guaranteed. Specifications are provided for information purposes. Data was obtained from sources believed reliable but is not guaranteed by owner or brokers. Buyer assumes responsibility to verify all speeds, consumptions, capacities and other measurements contained herein and otherwise provided, and agrees to instruct his/her agents or his/her surveyor to confirm such details prior to purchase. This vessel is subject to sale, price and inventory changes or withdrawal from market without notice.


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A grudge of Groves-DeGale dimensions has been brewing over in Germany of late between world class middleweights Felix Sturm and Sebastian Zbik. And British fans shall be able to watch the rivalry unfurl this evening when the former puts his World Boxing Association (WBA) Super title on the line against ex World Boxing Council (WBC) interim king Zbik at the Lanxess Arena, Cologne, live on BoxNation (Sky Ch.456, Virgin Ch. 546).
The principals were former teammates from the German amateur set-up and began their pro careers together under the Universum promotional umbrella. However Sturm departed acrimoniously to form his own promotional company and, in the build up to this evenings dust-up, challenger Zbik has been threatening to pulverize him!
UK fans will be familiar with the defending champion following live coverage here of his two most recent gigs, when he controversially squeezed past British challengers Matt Macklin and Martin Murray (Both Brits give their assessments of how they envisage this fight panning out beneath). More seasoned viewers may recall watching Sturm fitted up himself after seemingly outhustling Oscar De La Hoya over 12 in Las Vegas eight years ago.
Clearly the Leverkusen born, Cologne based champion is a fighter of pedigree. In the amateur code, he won gold medals at both the European Junior and European Senior tourneys (Birmingham 1997 and Tampere 2000) and competed at both the senior world championships and 2000 Sydney Olympics where his dream was ruined by no less than Jermain Taylor (USA).
As a pro, he has won bonafide world titles on three separate occasions. Within just 32 months of his January 2001 debut, he had eclipsed Argentinas Hector Javier Velazco (pts 12) to pick up the WBO crown (which he was to concede to The Golden Boy). In March 2006, he added the WBA crown by decisioning Samoas Maselino Masoe over 12 only to surrender the belt with a tenth round kayo loss to Javier Castillejo in a huge upset.
Since avenging the Spaniard on points to regain that title in April 2007, the 5ft 11 ½ in Sturm has remained undefeated throughout 11 defences, all in the Fatherland. However, save for Sebastian Sylvester, Khoren Gevor and the two Brits, the opposition has been far from challenging. Now 33, it is probable that he has already seen his very best days.
Less is known of Zbik on these shores but he, too, is a quality operator. Born in Neubrandenburg but now based in Schwerin, the 30 year old was beaten in just 19 of 152 amateur starts and, in addition to several national titles at all ages, he picked up a bronze at welter in the 2002 European Senior Championships in Perm, Russia.
Five years after his July 2004 pro bow, the former military man collected his WBC interim strap by outscoring Italys Domenico Spada. A neat, skilful technician with just 13 quick wins on his 30-1 card, he successfully retained three times (all on points). Last June, however, he dropped both his title and unbeaten tag to Julio Cesar Chavez Jnr who edged past him on a 12 round majority at the Staples Centre, Los Angeles. The German has been inactive since.
Despite Zbiks threats of pulverization, viewers should expect a high grade, fast paced, technical match which should be tight and could swing either way. Despite entering his 34th year last January, Sturm showed against Macklin and Murray that he remains supremely fit and, given Zbiks tendency to fade slightly after the turn, Ill go with the champion to retain, possibly controversially, by decision.
Sturm v Zbik will be televised live tonight on BoxNation (Sky Ch. 456/Virgin Ch. 546) in the ABA Finals show with coverage starting at 6.30pm.
BoxNation is the first dedicated subscription boxing TV channel in the UK to bring together the biggest names in amateur, domestic and international boxing with an unbeatable schedule of matches from across the globe.
For just £10 per month BoxNation offers unbeatable value for money for all fight fans. To subscribe to BoxNation simply go to www.boxnation.com and hit the Subscribe Now button and choose your subscription package. Simple!
Martin Murray vs. TBA on June 16th
MARTIN MURRAY will return to action on Hatton Promotions massive Road To Glory bill at Manchester Velodrome on Saturday June 16.
The British, Commonwealth and World Boxing Association (WBA) inter-continental middleweight champion will be in title action on the card, with his opponent to be named in the next two weeks
Besides the vacant WBA interim super-bantamweight title clash between Scott Quigg and Rendall Munroe it is a big night for Hatton Promotions with Murray in a big contest.
Murray had hoped to challenge WBC champion Julio Cesar Chavez Jr in Texas on the same date, but visa issues prevented him from traveling to the US.
Back in December, the unbeaten St Helens fighter travelled to Germany and held WBA Super champion Felix Sturm to a draw.
British and Commonwealth champion Murray, 29, is ranked at number three by the WBA and Hatton Promotions CEO Ricky Hatton believes a Road To Glory win will land his man the mandatory position.
Hatton said: If Martin comes through I hope he will become the official challenger and earn a rematch with Sturm or their regular champion Gennady Golovkin.
It was a terrible blow that he couldnt get his paperwork cleared in time for the Chavez Jr fight, but he is back in the gym and looking forward to his next contest.
After his magnificent performance against Sturm, Martin deserves another world title challenge and I will make sure it happens.
Murray (23-0-1) added: I cant wait to get in there and use what I learned against Sturm. Im still developing into my prime and Im looking forward to the future.
Also in title action on the bill, Sheffields Ryan Rhodes meets unbeaten Belarussian Sergey Rabchenko for the vacant European light-middleweight crown.
Rhodess fellow steel city boxer Richard Towers bids for his first title against German Michael Wallisch for the vacant EEU heavyweight crown.
There will be a talent stacked undercard that will include unbeaten hopefuls Adam Etches (7-0), Scott Jenkins (4-0), Ryan Doyle (1-0), Jimmy Kelly (1-0).
Ticket prices are now on sale priced £125 (VIP Inner Ringside + exclusive cash bar), £100 Ringside, £55, £35 and £30. You can purchase tickets by calling Hatton Promotions hotline 01925 755 222/www.ticketmaster.co.uk/0844 847 2500/www.ticketline.co.uk/0844 888 4402/www.hmv.com
For all the latest updates please follow the Twitter account dedicated to fight @quiggvmunroe
Still A Few Bullets Left In The Gunn
Following last Saturdays loss to James Toney for the International Boxing Union (IBU) Heavyweight Title, Bobby The Celtic Warrior Gunn thought long and hard what the next move of his career would be.
After thoroughly discussing options with his team, Gunn has announced that he will be dropping down to light heavyweight and will be seeking the WBU title by summertime.
I spoke with my family, friends and team about how to proceed moving forward, and although retirement was brought up, I couldnt bring myself to accept that my career inside the ring is over, said Gunn. I feel that the light heavyweight division is the best for me right now, and once my hand is healed we are going to begin a strong training camp to get me ready.
Gunn (21-5, 18 KO) fought at heavyweight against Toney for the first time in his career last Saturday, and lost via TKO after breaking his hand and being unable to continue past the fifth round.
A former IBA world cruiserweight champion, Gunn has fought wars in the ring; in addition to James Toney, Gunn has gone to battle with future hall of famer and former world champion Tomasz Adamek, amongst others.
Ive never shied away from a fight my whole life, said Gunn. When I was presented the fight against Toneywhen everybody else ducked himI graciously accepted it. I am a fighter, and thats what I do. I believe with all my heart I have one more championship run left in me, and this summer I am going to capture a Light Heavyweight title.
Team Gunn has been speaking with several promoters about bringing this fight to life, and Bobby Gunn is anxious to heal up and get back into the ring to avenge the heavyweight title loss.
At 38, Gunn is old in boxing sense, although throughout his career he has faced inactivity at times, and claims that he feels the best he ever has.
Going into the Toney fight I was in the best shape of my life. My trainer Dominic Scibetta can get me down to light heavyweight the right way, and in a few months the boxing world is going to see a new Bobby Gunn.
Gunn has established himself as a warrior, winning multiple championships inside the ring and the World Heavyweight BKB Title outside of it. Fighting is what he knows; he was born and bred to go to war. He brings excitement and passion into the ring each time he steps between the ropes, and boxing fans can expect fireworks when he makes his debut as a light heavyweight.
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Comment: Re:One thing to keep in mind... (Score 1) 244
Post to undo a misclicked mod.
Post to undo a misclicked mod.
duckduckgo ?
The GPLv2 is not perfectly happy with DRM. It is very much possible to read the GPLv2 as requiring *all* material needed to install an executable, which would include keys:
"For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable."
The GPLv2 was very much intended to allow end-users to be able to *install* modified works. The incident which motivated RMS to start this whole free software thing and come up with the GPL was a printer whose software he wanted to fix but couldn't. The freedom to modify software on hardware you own is what the GPL was intended to provide.
The GPLv2 is *not* "happy" with DRM. At best, this is an untested grey area simply because the GPLv2 predates the notion of DRM and so could not use the language we use today. However, it clearly intended to cover installation. The GPLv3 unambiguously fixes this wording issue. That does not mean the GPLv2 allows it though.
Nae neeps and tatties?
Just get rid of the stupid locked door. The passengers have known since sept-11 that they must deal with hijackers from the cabin. The locked door just makes it harder for anyone (crew or pax) to assist in dealing with threats from within the cockpit.
How many suicidal hijackings have there been? 3 - and the passengers had already realised on the day and changed their behaviour as #3 was in progress. The best defence against these hijacks was already in place by September 12th - the passengers.
How many suicidal pilot crashes have there been of jet airliners? At least 4.This one, Egypt Air 990, Mozambique Airlines TM470, Silk Air Flight 185, since 1999.
There's just no good defence against a suicidal pilot. Bear in mind that Egypt Air 990 went from level flight at FLA330 to the ocean in 43s, even thought the captain was back in the cockpit within 12s (no locked door then) and behind the controls no later than 27s.
Also bear in mind cockpits have at least one crash axe (for crashes and getting at electrical fires behind panels).
IMO the best thing to do would be to get rid of the locked doors. Whatever chance the other pilot has, it would surely be increased if other crew and/or passengers could easily and quickly get in to assist with any man-handling needed.
The cockpit already has at least one axe. They may even be more, e.g. a hand-axe, if not two (one by each pilot's seat), and a large axe stowed behind.
That's great. The cockpit is required to have at least one axe btw.
Gender is irrelevant. Egypt Air 990 crashed *without* locked cockpit doors. The captain was back in the cockpit within 12s of the co-pilot initiating a descent. He was making control inputs within 27s. However, he didn't start to suspect the cause of the problem might be the co-pilot until between 30s to 33s. The aircraft hit the sea at about 43s.
Every second may be vitally precious in these situations. Locked cockpit doors, even with over-rides, will waste potentially extremely-critical time.
Axes are mandatory in the cockpit. Nothing to do with protection, but for hacking your way through debris or bent doors after a survivable crash (AFAIK). More axes may be stowed in other parts of the aircraft for the cabin crew to use.
Cockpits have mandatory fire axes.
Except they didn't re-implement the sub-system framework and data-structure APIs themselves. The lawsuit alleges that they took some code from Linux (e.g. radix tree, timer API stuff). Even if VMWare
Also, will you provide that list of drivers? If you won't, I have to wonder if you're favourably predisposed to VMWare in some way.
Good point. I should have used "had" instead of "have": "they had the choice of not using the Linux code they don't own".
BTW, a vendor that wrote a Linux driver could give a different, non-GPL licence to that driver code, of course. However, that still leaves the issue that Linux drivers are written within a framework of core Linux code (driver sub-system specific frameworks and further more generic services and data-structures). The driver vendor can not give a non-GPL licence for that core code they didn't write.
VMWare are alleged to have copied such core code too. Further, they are alleged to also have used GPL driver code (e.g. Hellwig's SCSI). So VMWare, according to the allegations, have borrowed GPL code on
If you want to put yourself on the map, publish your own map.


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Cool Tool | MimioBoard touch board
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LUMBERTON — After almost two hours of debate, the owners of a South Lumberton convenience store that has been called "a crime hub" were denied on Tuesday their request for a variance they needed to reopen the business.
V-Point Tobacco, located at 2016 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, was destroyed by an electrical fire in January and has sat roofless since. Owner Abudayyah Rafat Ayed and his family, arguing in part that race was a factor in their being targeted, say they may appeal the decision in Superior Court.
"Tonight was another positive step in neighborhoods reclaiming their communities by standing together …," said Councilman John Cantey, who led the opposition to the V-Point store during a Board of Adjustment meeting on Tuesday.
The board voted unanimously that representatives for Ayed had not met any of the four requirements needed to be granted the variance. A variance is given when a business can show extenuating circumstances would prevent it from following the exact letter of a zoning ordinance.
"That was our livelihood, that was our children, our bills … we didn't even have insurance so we couldn't fix it fast," said Azizeh Abudayyah, Ayed's wife.
Ayed had asked for an exemption from the setback requirements for the property, which says a building must be 40 feet from the streets' right-of-ways and 10 feet from the property line.
The board decided that Ayed and attorney Knox Chavis had not shown that unnecessary hardship would result from following the ordinance, that the hardship would result from conditions unique to the property, that the hardship would not be the result of the applicant's actions and — the most talked about tenet of the application — that the variance would ensure public safety.
Cantey spent the weekend collecting signatures from residents who do not want to see the store reopen. However, the list of 125 names was not accepted by the board because it erroneously listed the store's address as 1216 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive.
"These people, property owners mostly, have said 'no, enough is enough'," Cantey said, noting most on the list are elderly. Cantey called one petitioner to testify before the board.
"It is our right to be able to live in a safe community and not be afraid to come outside," said Marilyn Thompson, who has lived a few hundred feet away from the store since the 1970s.
Cantey also entered as evidence 2,034 police calls from the past 10 years linked to the store's address. Cantey said there had been six calls at the location since it burned, four of which he said were unrelated to the building itself.
Ayed's wife, Azizeh Abudayyah, testified before the board, saying many of those calls came from her and her family asking police to help them remove someone from the store.
"We can't risk our lives, our employees lives to get people out of there," she said, telling the board a clerk injured in a 2006 shooting at the store was her brother-in-law.
Chavis argued not all the calls could be directly related to the store's presence.
"They wouldn't be wanting to rebuild that store if it was as bad as Mr. Cantey would have you believe," he said.
Abudayyah testified that her family put up no-loitering signs at the city's request and asked for more police presence. They would like to take the matter to Superior Court for appeal but first have to discuss it with their counsel.
Ayed's family contends they are not responsible for what happens outside of their store and that the issue is based in race.
"He is against us, he is against us … he just thinks we are foreigners," Abudayyah said, referring to Cantey.
Cantey denied allegations by Nahdiyyah Jarnagin, who testified on behalf of V-Point, that he once told her he wanted to "get the 'A-rabs' out" of South Lumberton.
Cantey said the loss of business is a "burden" for the community but that he would rather see the property empty than see V-Point reopen. He called the decision "an alert" for similar stores in the neighborhood.
"There's a lot of things going on at these stores that need to be looked at real hard," Cantey said.


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180 search results for Rosamund Pike
Oklahoma Critics award 'Boyhood,' Rosamund Pike and 'Edge of Tomorrow'
Type: Post | Date: Wednesday, Jan 7, 2015Plus: Awards for the 'obvious' and 'not so obvious' worst films of the year
St. Louis critics award 'Boyhood,' Jake Gyllenhaal, Rosamund Pike
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Dec 15, 2014'Birdman' leads overall with four wins
Rosamund Pike wishes Carrie Coon and Kim Dickens were also nominated for 'Gone Girl'
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Jan 15, 2015First timer has been sort of busy with a new addition
Golden Globes 2015 early arrivals: Rosamund Pike, Michelle Monaghan, and more
Type: Gallery | Date: Sunday, Jan 11, 2015Pike is nominated for Best Actress for 'Gone Girl'
'Birdman,' Michael Keaton, Rosamund Pike win with Kansas City film critics
Type: Post | Date: Sunday, Dec 14, 2014'Obvious Child' takes Best Adapted Screenplay for a change
Rosamund Pike to receive Palm Springs Film Fest's Breakthrough Performance Award
Type: Post | Date: Friday, Nov 21, 2014Could the 'Gone Girl' star crack the Best Actress top five?
Best Actress 2015: Oscar contenders include Reese Witherspoon, Shailene Woodley and Rosamund Pike
Type: Post | Date: Tuesday, Oct 14, 2014Did Julianne Moore crash the party for everyone at Toronto?
'Gone Girl's' Rosamund Pike and Gillian Flynn think we all know an Amazing Amy
Type: Post | Date: Friday, Oct 3, 2014Pike is finally having her moment
Rosamund Pike on the importance of having Gillian Flynn on the set of 'Gone Girl'
Type: Video | Date: Tuesday, Sep 30, 2014HitFix sat down with Rosamund Pike and Gillian Flynn to chat about their upcoming film 'Gone Girl' and how important it was to have the author on set.
Rosamund Pike says Ben Affleck became Batman before her eyes during 'Gone Girl'
Type: Post | Date: Friday, Sep 26, 2014'Argo' Oscar winner talks about learning from David Fincher


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- Exchange: -
- Sector: Health Care
- Industry: Biotech & Pharma
- Sub-Industry: Biotech
Algeta ASA
Company Profile for Algeta ASA (ALGETA)
Algeta ASA operates in the pharmaceutical industry. The Company develops targeted therapies for patients with cancer based on its alpha-pharmaceutical platform. Algeta's compound Alpharadin is designed to treat bone metastases.
Contact Information
Algeta ASA
PO Box 54 Kjelsas
Oslo, 0884
Phone: 47-23-00-79-90
Fax: 47-23-00-79-91
Key Executives for Algeta ASA (ALGETA)
|Thomas RamdahlManaging Director
|Oystein SougChief Financial Officer
|Roger HarrisonChief Business Officer
|Gillies O'Bryan TearChief Medical Officer
|Andreas MenradChief Scientific Officer
|Kari Gronas DyvikSenior VP:Operations
|Ragnhild M LobergSenior VP:Quality
|Alan C CuthbertsonSenior VP:Research & Development
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After the spate of robberies, the premium Mumbai-Delhi Rajdhani is all set to become the first train in the country to have close-circuit television cameras (CCTV) systems installed in it. The Western Railway, which owns the train, is planning to set up CCTVs in some coaches to ensure the train does not become a free-for-all for thieves.
Where would the CCTVs be set up?
Speaking to dna, Shailendra Kumar, divisional railway manager, WR, confirmed the move. "We are still tying up the formalities. CCTVs could be installed in some coaches on a random basis or we will go in for an open tender. It will be set up in the aisle of some coaches to give a clear view of the people moving in the train," said Kumar.
How many coaches?
According to WR officials, the Rajdhani and the Mumbai-Delhi August Kranti rakes, which have identical compositions, could have some of their 2AC coaches fitted with CCTV cameras. Initial estimates show that if CCTVs have to be installed in all 2AC coaches of both the trains, it will cover in all 20 coaches (five coaches each in four rakes). "That could take the cost high enough for it to be given out on a tender as per railway rules," said a senior official.
Why 2AC coupes?
The railways believe that unlike the 1ac- which has closed door coupes, and the 3AC, where all curtains were removed, the 2AC is vulnerable to thefts as the curtains in them make it easier for thieves.
Past failed attempts
The Indian Railway has in the past tried installing CCTVs once in the Mumbai-Ahmedabad Shatabdi in 2010 but the move didn't get much of a backing from the passengers, who thought that cameras would be an invasion of privacy, especially for women.
This time, officials believe, passenger reactions would be far more conducive, especially in the backdrop of the Rajdhani robberies. "Plus with the CCTV in the aisle, there will be no intrusion of cameras into the sitting and sleeping areas of the coach," said an official.
What are the loopholes?
The railways are on the backfoot over the robberies since the Rajdhani traditionally has never been escorted by RPF or railway police personnel. The train at any given point of time has some 50-60 staff including ticket-checkers, train maintenance, catering and cleaning staff.
However, officials agreed, that with several of the functions of the trains now being given to private contracting firms, there was almost no background check of the employees of these firms.
What exactly happened?
Last week on three consecutive days, thieves struck in two 2AC coaches- A3 and A4- robbing six passengers of their handbags. Among those who got robbed was the wife of CR general manager, one of the railway's topmost officials.


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While this information is not specific to Subarus, we will explain the difference between equal length and unequal length exhaust manifolds using the Subaru example.
When modifying WRX/STIs, it is important to plan for the type of the aftermarket Subaru exhaust manifold (header) your will be getting. Unequal length header will allow you to keep the Subaru Boxer rumble sound, yet unequal length header is a poor choice for high horsepower applications where you want to maintain equal Exhaust Gas Temperatures among all cylinders and safe turbo inlet temperatures.
Since header runner for cylinder 4 is the longest on unequal length headers (on WRX/STI), you have the highest EGT in that runner and on cylinder 4. This is because hot exhaust gases travel longer in the longer runner. Cylinder 2 runner is the second longest. Since you are continuously subjecting cylinders 2 and 4 to higher heat than other cylinders it is very common to see various cylinder 4 and cylinder 2 failures in Subarus.
Shorter runners of cylinders 1 and 3 provide for lower EGT on those cylinders. However, since the temperature drop is less than in cylinder 2 and 4 runners, higher-temperature exhaust gases get transferred to the turbo, subjecting the turbo to additional heat stress.
Equal length manifold (header) smoothes exhaust pulses of the Boxer engine, thus changing the exhaust note to smooth vs. burpy. Some refer to it as a "ricer sound", however it is really not that bad. Equal-length header is optimal for maintaining equal EGT between all cylinders and delivering a constant, lower-temperature exhaust gas to the turbo. Equal length header is a must have for
any higher horsepower Subaru WRX STI.
TIP: on unequal-length manifold, install the EGT sensor probe within 3 inches from the head on the longest runner. (cylinder 4 runner for Subarus). On equal-length manifold, you can install the EGT probe on any cylinder runner, still within 3 inches from the head.


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A Snapshot of the GunderShack
Photos by: Eric Gunderson
by Contributions by: Joe Gunderson
A brief glimpse into a Wisconsin deer hunting Shack and the strange lodge members that created it.
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Cleansing and Detox Diets Center - West Seneca, NY
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West Seneca, New York
Cleansing and Detox Diets
Cleansing and detox diets introduction
If you're looking for a way to lose weight quickly and feel better (and who isn't?), you might be tempted to try a fad "detox" diet or a "cleanse" method." These die...
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Nearby West Seneca Hospitals *
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Women & Children's Hosp Buffalo
Brylin Hospital
Sisters Of Charity Hospital
VA Medical Center-Buffalo
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Millard Fillmore Suburban Hosp
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Erie County Correctional Faclty
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BPL Community Profile
Mike M (mtwarden) - BPL Lifetime Member
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All Forum Posts by Mike M
Showing 3321 - 3330 of 3771 | Page: 1 ...324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 ...378
rubber band
I use a rubberband on all my SP kits (450/600/900)- about the lightest option that works that I could find
my ex light is a size large and I feel it's pretty true to size- I'm 5' 11" 190# 42-44 chest and it fits comfortably over a base layer I think a medium might be a better fit for...
cap 4
^ another fan of cap 4- I didn't even know they ever made a R 1/2 :)
another e-lite here
petzel e-lite here as well- I care a set of spare batteries- they're pretty light I have used the e-lite to hike at night (this wasn't a planned night hike!) and while not the lamp I'...
Eugene- thanks- you'll have to venture up this way some time so I can return the favor :) Richard- that's correct- was made somewhat famous in the movie about Jeremiah Johnson
rite in rain
I use their small notebook- the pages are removable (w/ a little work)- so I either lighten up the notebook by taking sheets out or for really light endeavors- pull out x amount of sheets and use d...
Re: When it's coming out in the US?
found this on one of the gear sites "The Patagonia Ultralight Down Shirt will be available for Spring 2011"
the Crazies were pretty desolate this trip as well- it was actually a work assignment (checking fishermen) :) , I found a few folks at Blue and Granite Lakes on the way in, but they were the last f...
Crazy Mountains, Montana
the Crazies are an often looked over range that lie between Bozeman and Billing. lots of trout filled alpine lakes, lots of wildlife including a large population of mountain goats started at th...
^ looks like if I really want light weight (and strength) that I should probably pony up for cuben or choose sil and save $ (but gain a few oz)
All Reader Reviews by Mike M
Petzl e+LITE
I thought I had added my review earlier on this lamp, but hadn't :) I've been very impressed w/ this diminutive lamp- if you're looking for a lamp for hours of night travel- this isn'...
Black Diamond Carbon Cork
@ 16 oz (pair) these are certainly heavier than some of the UL offerings, but still relatively light the FlickLock is about as solid of a adjustment as I've seen for trekking poles- I'm sur...
ULA Ohm
not sure why it's listed with the frameless packs, while not a robust frame- the carbon fiber/derlin frame is certainly a frame and definitely helps w/ the load capacity of this pack anywho- th...
Montrail Sabino Trail
My first pair are over a year old now w/ ~ 500 backpacking/trail running miles- there is some light fraying here and there, but overall are still in very good condition. I've never had a hot spot...
Dirty Girl Gaiters
I'd probably go 4.5 just because of the needed velcro, but I like these enough I wanted to round up. They are breathable, they are light and they do a great job of keeping stuff out of your sho...
Osprey Talon 22
double post- whoops :)
Osprey Talon 22
The Talon is a very full featured pack, that carries like a dream (w/ reasonable loads). I use it for snowshoeing day trips and it swallows up the gear- shovel, bivy, down parka, etc I love the be...
Wet Fire Fire Starting Tinder
I'm a little redundant w/ fire starting stuff (boy scout in me I guess)- the wetfire tinders are my "if I absolutely need to start a fire" tinder. they will even burn in water or on sno...
Smartwool Beanie
my Smartwool beanie makes into both my day pack and multi-day trips, light weight, warm, takes up almost no space- I don't go anywhere w/o it going on two years and it still looks/fits great
Moosejaw the company
I've made numerous transaction with moosejaw and they have always been smooth and hassle free. their staff is knowledgable and they frequently have the best prices on gear I do have one smal...