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Cryptic Error Crashes
I have been doing some troubleshooting on my end with these crashes. I have made an observation regarding them. I have 2 PC's that are used to play the game here. Both PC's are almost identical with 1 exception. The computer I am experiencing the crashes on has a newer NVidia GT 520 graphics card. I had to replace the old card a short time ago. It has the newest drivers. The PC that doesn't have crashes with the game has an older NVidia 9600 GT. It has an older set of drivers because they havent updated them for a while now. All of the crashes I am experiencing are directly related to loading problems when entering or leaving an area. I believe the files are causing the crashes due to an incompatability with the new drivers. Considering NVidia is listed prominently on the website as a graphics partner I find this a little disturbing. This really needs to be addressed and fixed.
I really do enjoy playing the game when I can play it. I am at a point where I am considering actually spending money on the game. Something I usually don't do unless I enjoy it that much. I can't justify doing that if I can't play the game reliably. My son and I both play. We team up to run missions together, but I disappear during it because of the crashes. I turn down invitations to join fleets, because I don't want to disappear if I'm working with other members of the fleet. I have been watching the forums. There are a lot of people the are affected by this issues as well as other issues that don't appear to be getting resolved. I guess I'm just looking for a staight answer on the status of issues like this. Are they being worked on? Why are they apparently not a priority? New content is cool, but what good is it if the game can't run properly. Seems counterproductive to me and definitly a very poor business model.
FYI PC specs:
Operating System: Windows Vista Home Premium (6.0, Build 6002) Service Pack 2 (6002.vistasp2_gdr.111025-0338)
Language: English (Regional Setting: English)
System Manufacturer: HP-Pavilion
System Model: KJ387AA-ABA a6403w
BIOS: Phoenix - AwardBIOS v6.00PG
Processor: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E5200 @ 2.50GHz (2 CPUs), ~2.5GHz
Memory: 3326MB RAM
Page File: 1171MB used, 5706MB available
Windows Dir: C:\Windows
DirectX Version: DirectX 11
Card name: NVIDIA GeForce GT 520
Manufacturer: NVIDIA
Chip type: GeForce GT 520
DAC type: Integrated RAMDAC
Device Key: Enum\PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_1040&SUBSYS_20293842&REV_A1
Display Memory: 3421 MB
Dedicated Memory: 2014 MB
Shared Memory: 1407 MB
Current Mode: 1920 x 1080 (32 bit) (60Hz)
Monitor: Generic PnP Monitor
Driver Name: nvd3dum.dll,nvwgf2um.dll,nvwgf2um.dll
Driver Version: 8.17.0012.9573 (English)
DDI Version: 11
BGRA Supported: Yes
DxDiag Version: 7.00.6002.18107 32bit Unicode
Your error is a known issue, i am having the same issue and so are several players. The Developers and programers have yet to resolve it!
|All times are GMT -7. The time now is 08:26 PM.


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Mark Prior is 'going out throwing'
Not so cool, in the thermal sense, were the August daytime doubleheaders on the back fields at the Yuma Sports Complex. Although Prior's agent, John Boggs, recalls a conversation in which his client got on the phone in Yuma and sounded "like the happiest kid on Earth to just be playing again."
Before the end of that summer, Prior had thrown one inning for the Texas Rangers' top affiliate in Oklahoma City, striking out two and allowing two hits.
A strong spring by Prior forced the New York Yankees to consider putting him on their Opening Day roster of 2011, but they kept him in Florida to protect him from the April cold up north. In fact, he sustained the first groin injury of his life after just one game pitched for Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre.
Last year, the Red Sox offered Prior nothing more than a tryout, which he turned into a spot in the Pawtucket relief corps. In 19 appearances for the PawSox, Prior earned his International League championship ring by striking out 38 batters in 25 innings.
In the process, Prior learned what he'd really been missing about baseball.
"The fun of playing," he said. "I haven't been making comeback after comeback. I've been playing, competing. I was telling one of the Reds' trainers (that) the last two years have been as much fun as I've had playing baseball.
"Yes, it was Triple-A, and my top priority is to get back to the big leagues. But you're pitching in places like Buffalo, Rochester, places with great fan bases and 6,000-7,000 (spectators) a night. I'm over the traveling, but you do it because when you get to the ballpark, it's a lot of fun."
Imagine, too, the disbelief of the unknowing fan at a minor-league park when the bullpen door opens to the 6-foot-5, 230-pounder with the impossibly thick legs and All-Star history, the former Cy Young candidate who led the Cubs within five outs and a fan-interference play of their long-denied World Series.
Aside from the veterans who pop in and out on rehab assignments, Triple-A ball is full of 30-somethings not ready to give up the game or The Dream, but few of them had Prior's résumé or came as close as he did (third) to a Cy Young Award.
"Rarely have I had somebody come up and say, "Dude, give it up, you're terrible,"' said Prior. "People usually have responded really well to me. They see me and go, "Wow, Prior's still going at it, seven years removed from the big leagues.'
"Most people love knowing I'm still around. Which is fine by me too."
Prior said the best part about pitching for Pawtucket last year — he'd been signed by the Red Sox based on a simple tryout — was having his family there to share in what's generally considered one of baseball's greatest minor-league atmospheres. They also got to explore a different part of the country. Hence, the day trips to Cape Cod and the blueberry-picking excursions in Rhode Island.

subset: commoncrawl


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A prize pool of $10,000.
Calling designers and architects! Can you create a concept for a 'Sponge House? - a bump-proof living space for children or adults with cerebral palsy.
There's a $10,000 prize pool for the first of our shortlisted ideas in our World CP Day Invent It competition. Find out more...
World Cerebral Palsy Day 2013 and 2014 would not be possible without the generous support of our major sponsor. The Allergan Foundation is a US-based, private charitable ...Read more
Alexandre: When he became the first Canadian athlete in history to win a gold medal on Canadian soil at the 2010 Vancouv...Meet our Ambassadors
Congratulations to Emmanouil Michellis and Alexander Mathioudakis for their Designer Walker and Yu Xu and Alex de la Vega for their Spill Proof Cup. More...More about the winners


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Volunteer helps elementary school-aged children who want to improve their reading.
Need homework support? Drop by the library for free assistance.
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J.R. Smith throws it off the backboard, Amar'e Stoudemire finishes (VIDEO)
Mar 9, 2014, 11:00 AM EDT
This is a far cry from Chris Paul to DeAndre Jordan, but it's as close as the Knicks are likely to get.
J.R. Smith leads the break late in the second quarter, and tosses it off the backboard for a trailing Amar'e Stoudemire. In the old days, Amar'e would have hammered this one home with nearly as much force as the Clippers' big man, but this time, he simply was able to lay it in.
Don't look now, but the Knicks have won three straight and the teams that surround them in the standings all seem to be in a free fall of sorts. New York is just three and a half games out of the final playoff spot in the East, held by Atlanta at the moment who is currently on a six-game losing streak.
- knicksmets - Mar 9, 2014 at 12:05 PM
I can't believe they still have a chance for the playoffs seeing how poorly they played before this little run. They could get the 8th seed which would be nice. Though they may be eliminated even if they make the playoffs better than giving Denver that good of a pick. That play in my opinion seemed risky and he should of layed it in himself. Hoepfully this Amare is here to stay.
- therooneyskilledwebster - Mar 9, 2014 at 1:13 PM
Highlight of another disappointing season.
- sportsfan18 - Mar 9, 2014 at 4:17 PM
Highlight? J.R. was trying to make a basket with that "shot"…
He's just so bad, it missed badly and he got lucky Stat was there to save him…
- sportsfan18 - Mar 9, 2014 at 8:57 PM
I guess NO ONE understands sarcasm anymore… It is NOT that difficult to grasp folks…
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SSB Antenna wire
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Crealock 37
Join Date: Apr 2007
Location: Alaska
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SSB Antenna wire
My boat has an Icom M710 SSB with tuner installed. The back stay is insulated and used as the antenna. I have been able to receive but very scratchy and somewhat distorted. I have not gotten any reply when sending so suspect I may not be putting out. As I started looking at things I found the wire to back stay connection was done with a poorly fitting clamp and the wire pulled out of the clamp. For the interim I used a small hose clamp to secure the wire to the back stay. As I checked further I found the wire was crimp butt spliced just above the deck. The splice fell apart when I removed the tape covering it. I think my antenna may be sub par.
What kind of wire should I use between the back stay and the radio?
How should I attach the wire to the backstay?
I'm clueless about this stuff, advice/tips appreciated.
S/V Elnora
Pacific Seacraft "Crealock" 37 #312
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Istomin Upsets Verdasco; Millman's Run Ends
Sydney, Australia
by ATP Staff|
Denis Istomin booked his second quarter-final in as many weeks by eliminating fourth seed Fernando Verdasco 6-3, 6-3 at the Apia International Sydney on Wednesday.
The 26 year old won 77 percent of his first serve points to improve his FedEX ATP Head2Head record against Verdasco to 3-2.
Istomin set up a first-time meeting with Kevin Anderson, who maintained his unbeaten record against Feliciano Lopez by defeating the Spaniard 6-3, 6-4 in one hour and 17 minutes. Anderson saved all three break points and won 76 per cent of points on serve.
Lopez's countryman Marcel Granollers, the eighth seed, overcame Fabio Fognini 6-2, 7-6(4) to book a meeting with third seed Andeas Seppi. The Italian rallied past wildcard John Millman 6-2, 3-6, 6-3 in one hour and 26 minutes.
Fellow seed Radek Stepanek retired with a sprained intercostal muscle after just four points had been played in his second-round meeting with Julien Benneteau. The Frenchman will meet qualifier Ryan Harrison, who ousted top seed John Isner.
Lucky loser Ivo Klec, who replaced second seed Gilles Simon after the Frenchman withdrew from the tournament with a neck injury, fell to defending champion Jarkko Nieminen 6-3, 6-1. Nieminen won 83 per cent of his first serve points and converted five of seven break point chances.
"The shape of my back is not as it should be," explained Simon, revealing that he experiences neck issues every two months. The No. 16 expects to recover by the Australian Open, which starts Monday.
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From the Publisher"...an in-depth and innovative analysis...It will appeal to all those with an academic interest in international human rights and humanitarian norms as well as to legal practitioners and international organizations involved in the operational norms of these two areas of law." American Political Science Association
"The book is of a high academic standard, both in structure and content...provocative and enlightening." International Peacekeeping
"There can be no doubt that a textbook of this nature will be valuable in educating students about the importance of upholding human rights and humanitarian law and providing the skills and tools necessary to this end." - Dr. Richard Burchill, McCoubrey Centre for International Law, University of Hull


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The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim
What's the best race for a Mage/Archer/Alchemist Character?
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This is a character I would like to do and I want to know the best race and stone for it. Any help would be appreciated. I asked the PS3 boards too and no response yet. Hopefully I can get an answer on both and compare them?
Anything can change!
Best Race: Whatever you like the look of aesthetically. None have powers that would make one vastly superior over another unless you are really focused. Altmer gives you superior magicka regeneration once per day. Orcs give you damage reduction and increased damage output once per day. Breton gives you a constant buff to magicka resistance.
As for what Standing Stone...if you are worried about XP then I would pick the standing stone for the skill you use the least. Lord Stone is good for early games since you get armor and magicka resistance. Apprentice Stone helps with magic users, but makes you more vulnerable.
The best advice I can give is to just play it as it comes, you really can't screw up a character because it is easy to become overpowered in just about any category. Pick a race you like and just go with it.
He doesn't row.
Having 25% resistance to all spells is insanely overpowered, and with the right build, you can achieve maximum resistance of spells and physical attacks even without cheating.
Charismachine posted...
You can still hit the cap for magic resistance without a breton and without "cheating".
iDontCareBear posted...
Charismachine posted...Breton.
Easier to do with a Breton though.
Wood elf or Breton would fit best for a character like that.
The mind is like a parachute: it only works when it's open
Yeah it is easier to hit the magic resistance cap with a Breton but any race can do it. Just pick whatever race you like the best. I agree with picking Breton or Wood Elf for the type of character you want though. Wood Elves FTW!
The obvious answer is Zoidberg.
My serious answer is Dark Elf. They start with Destruction at 25, Archery at 20, and I think they have Alchemy at 20 as well.
My more laid back answer is the race you like most, because its not going to make much of a difference in the end.
"What have I become? Something less than human... but also something more..." -Alex Mercer
Check out the new XBLA game, State of Decay.
I personally like the idea of a Khajit for this, maybe because my first playthrough was a thief/assassin Khajit and then seeing J'Zargo.
I'm not Superman, that's for sure. And I'm not Batman or Spiderman or Aquaman or a wolfman or a merman. I'm not brahman or common or ramen, either.
Billy-De-Kid posted...
They got Destruction +10, Illusion, Alteration, Alchemy, Sneak, and Light Armor +5.
You probably remembered it wrong.
The dead are more polite than the living. They listen to everything you say without interrupting.


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A great book for any dog lover!
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This book should not be listed as a cat book. It tells the story of a dog and a man running from a monster. Throughout the book you learn the history of the dog; that he escaped from a laboratory and has super intelligence. One of my all time favorites!
Pros: Touching, light read
Cons: none
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I ran across this on eBay. Anybody know what it is?
I ran across this on eBay. Anybody know what it is?
Kinda looks like an old Breeze design, but not quite.
suum quique
Mountain bikes: Santa Cruz Hecklers (99, 02, 07), Santa Cruz Nomad, Moots YBB, Trek OCLV Pro Issue, American Breezer
Road bikes: TST, Trek 2300 (Carbon/Alum)
Its a Raleigh copy of a Breezer. Don't get excited, it's low end. Check out this http://mombat.org/1982_Raleigh_Trail_rider.htm
Last edited by Karloman; 01-23-09 at 09:03 AM.
Last edited by dminor; 01-23-09 at 03:38 PM.
Nice brand name
Ask me 1 question and I'll give you a free copy of my eBook on Mountain Bikes.
See details at 1001 Questions About Mountain Bikes
Last edited by ed; 01-23-09 at 01:24 PM.
The orig pic is labeled "breezer".
Some crass is okay...that was on the "other side of the fence".
Honestly...I was just flabbergasted that it would be stamped on a BB shell. Had to be done post production by some gutter crawler who wanted to be able to identify his bike.
Swapped attachments for you. Hard to figure out but I got it.
Last edited by dminor; 01-23-09 at 03:39 PM.
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Fiat, in conjunction with Tofaş R&D, revealed its new compact three-box Aegea sedan project at the Istanbul Motor Show. The new sedan, which will get a different name when it goes to production, is the first of three new models to be introduced for the EMEA region, replacing the Linea sedan and Bravo hatchback.
Category: Fiat
In related news: Istanbul has an auto show.
Among the first to come to Brazil when the market was opened up again in the 1990s – after a hiatus of almost 50 years when this country closed itself off to the world – Renault has seemingly reached a limit in Brazil. Its market participation has hovered around 6 percent for years. Now, hungry for more, the French company is showing its new plans that will deeply affect their operations in Latin America at large and shake up their manufacturing base in South America, most especially Mercosur (namely Brazil and Argentina).
Once a mass-market player in Europe, FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne says Fiat will never again be as such.
Is there a car enthusiast whose pulse does not quicken when he or she hears the brrrap brap of the exhaust when the North American spec Fiat Abarth fires up? TTAC's managing editor Derek Kreindler is correct, the Abarth does indeed sound faster than it actually is, but it still sounds glorious. Don't tell me that an inline four can't sound as exciting as a V8 or even a V12. Saying that an eight or a twelve "sounds better" than a four is like saying that a big band sounds better than a trio, as if you can't enjoy both Duke Ellington and Cream.
Bad reputations are earned in short order and shed only after many years of good behavior. For car companies, such bad raps come relatively quickly and sometimes decades are needed to overcome them. For Fiat, the cute sobriquet Fix-It-Again-Tony seems to be unavoidable no matter how they actually compare in most reliability studies. The fact is they routinely do better than most European rivals and still have to improve to reach Toyota-like reliability. So, the strive for credibility must go on.
For the fourth consecutive year, Lexus is tops among the brands ranked in JD Power's annual Vehicle Dependability Study.
After only one brief stint in last week's 2015 Ford Escape tester, I was already angry with this heavily optioned Titanium AWD specimen.
The anger had nothing to do with our first drive to the other side of Halifax. And I wasn't even in the Escape, let alone driving it, when my resentment blossomed. I was shovelling our driveway during a lull in the blizzard that left New York in peace, hammered Boston, and slathered Nova Scotia's capital with ice after a few inches of snow fell. With four vehicles jammed into our small driveway to avoid the on-street winter parking ban, the Escape's tailgate insisted on opening of its own accord with frustrating frequency.
• USD As-Tested Price: $38,075
• Horsepower: 231 @ 5500 rpm
• Torque: 270 lb-ft @ 3000 rpm
• Observed Fuel Economy: 19 mpg
Armful of groceries? Yes, hands-free tailgate opening might then be useful, if you can maintain your balance while holding the grocery load in your right hand, perching the 15-month-old child on your left hip, and doing the jitterbug under the rear bumper.
Autonomous alien luxury pods and royalty-free hydrogen patents aren't the only things coming onto the stage during the 2015 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. Today, we'll show you the latest and greatest from BMW, FCA, Audi and Ford, with the help from our brothers and sisters over at AutoGuide.
Alfa Romeo will be going its own way for its upcoming Spider, directing Mazda to take its 2016 MX-5 over to Fiat-Abarth instead.


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To compare the power of various QTL mapping methodologies, a dataset was simulated within the framework of 12th QTLMAS workshop. A total of 5865 diploid individuals was simulated, spanning seven generations, with known pedigree. Individuals were genotyped for 6000 SNPs across six chromosomes. We present an illustration of a Bayesian QTL linkage analysis, as implemented in the special purpose software FlexQTL. Most importantly, we treated the number of bi-allelic QTL as a random variable and used Bayes Factors to infer plausible QTL models. We investigated the power of our analysis in relation to the number of phenotyped individuals and SNPs.
We report clear posterior evidence for 12 QTL that jointly explained 30% of the phenotypic variance, which was very close to the total of included simulation effects, when using all phenotypes and a set of 600 SNPs. Decreasing the number of phenotyped individuals from 4665 to 1665 and/or the number of SNPs in the analysis from 600 to 120 dramatically reduced the power to identify and locate QTL. Posterior estimates of genome-wide breeding values for a small set of individuals were given.
We presented a successful Bayesian linkage analysis of a simulated dataset with a pedigree spanning several generations. Our analysis identified all regions that contained QTL with effects explaining more than one percent of the phenotypic variance. We showed how the results of a Bayesian QTL mapping can be used in genomic prediction.
The 12th QTLMAS workshop included a section that focussed on discussions about analyses of a simulated data set. The common dataset [1] comprised a total of 5865 diploid individuals, spanning seven generations, with known pedigree. Only the first four generations, containing 4665 individuals, were phenotyped for a single trait. In the founder population, 15 males and 150 females were present (Table 1). In the subsequent generations, numbers of males and females were comparable. For genotyping, 6000 SNPs across six chromosomes were scored. The dataset was simulated to allow the first four generations to be used for QTL detection (by association, linkage or combinations thereof). No phenotype was given for the last three generations since these were included for genomic selection purposes. The objective of our contribution is to present the results of a Bayesian analysis fitting multiple QTL simultaneously by exploiting linkage information.
Table 1. Numbers of individuals and means of trait phenotypes across generations of the simulated dataset.
Phenotypic data
The quantitative trait was measured on 4665 individuals with mean and variance estimated to be 1.36 and 4.42, respectively (Table 1). The generation number and sex of each individual were provided as non-genetic variables that might be included in the analyses. Individuals in generations 4–6 did not have phenotypes available and these individuals were excluded from the linkage analyses. Preliminary analyses revealed that across all generations jointly there was no sex effect on the phenotype, however, in the oldest generation (0) the phenotypic means of males and females differed, i.e., 2.18 versus 0.89 (Table 1). The phenotypic means for generations 0 and 1 were relatively low (1.01) and high (1.47), respectively.
Marker data
The haplotype data on the 165 individuals of generation 0 were analysed by HapBlock software [2] to identify putative haplotype blocks. Neither this combined analysis of males and females jointly nor the analyses of males (n = 15) and females (n = 150) separately revealed clear Linkage Disequilibrium structures to exist across the genome and therefore a pragmatic thinning of markers was applied. Two subsets from the total of 6000 SNP markers were selected by picking every 10th or 50th SNP along the genome, resulting in 600 or 120 loci, respectively.
Statistical model for linkage analysis
The QTL was assumed to be bi-allelic, allowing three genotypes to be distinguished, i.e., QQ, Qq, and qq, having genotypic values equal to + α, δ and -α, respectively. The variables α and δ represent the additive and dominance effects of a single gene. The allele frequency of the positive allele Q is denoted by fα, and may take any value between 0 and 1 with equal prior probability.
The linear model in our Bayesian analysis is similar to Bink et al. [3] and may be given as follows,
where β is a vector containing an overall mean (μ) and all non-genetic variables affecting the trait of interest, i.e., sex and generation. The vectors αqtl represent the additive and dominant genetic contributions of a QTL. The incidence matrices X, W connect the phenotypes to non-genetic and QTL variables, respectively. The entry values of matrix W depend on the genotype assigned to each individual. For the genotypes {QQ, Qq, qq} these values equal {+1, 0, -1} and {0,1,0}, for additive and dominant effects, respectively. Note that the sign of QTL effects are relative to the QTL genotypes and therefore a QTL cannot be assigned to contribute positively or negatively to the trait. The number of columns in W depends on the number of QTL in the model. Treating the number of QTL as a random variable in a Bayesian framework was facilitated by the use of the Reversible Jump sampler [4,5]. The positions of putative QTL are specified in centiMorgan (cM) [6] and denoted by λQTL.
The prior distributions on model parameters were taken similar to those by Bink et al. [3], here we only report results for the prior assumption that the expected number of QTL, i.e., the mean of the Poisson distribution, equals five. The influence of the prior mean appeared to be minimal when model selection was based on Bayes Factors for competing models with different numbers of QTL (results not shown).
Joint posterior distribution
Let P and M denote the pedigree and marker data, respectively, and , then the joint posterior distribution of all unknowns can be written as (omitting matrix X),
where the first term on the right hand side is the conditional distribution of the phenotypic data given all unknowns from (1). The second term is the probability distribution of QTL genotypic states (genotypes) conditional on the number and locations of QTL, the QTL allele frequencies, and the pedigree and marker data. The final term in equation (2) is the joint prior distribution of the model variables.
Posterior computations
We used the FlexQTL™ software http://www.flexqtl.nl webcite that performs Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation [7-9] to obtain draws from the joint posterior distribution. For all simulations, a Markov chain was executed for 500 K iterations and every 100th iteration samples were stored for posterior inference. The chromosomes were divided into small intervals (1 cM-bins) and the number of QTL per bin per cycle was used to calculate the posterior QTL intensity [10]. This procedure was used independent from the marker density (1 or 5 cM spacing). For the posterior inference on the chromosomal positions of the QTL we use 0.90 Highest Posterior Intensity (abbreviated to HPI90) [3]. Posterior mean and 90% quantiles for QTL effects were computed for those chromosomal bins that contained sufficient intensity (samples).
The samples of QTL genotypes of the first 30 individuals of the dataset, i.e., 15 males and the first 15 females of generation 0, were stored and used to compute posterior probabilities along the genome using 5 cM bins. A color-coding was applied to indicate probability of genotype assignment,
The individuals' genotypes and QTL effects (additive and, if included, dominance) were multiplied to estimate the individuals' genotypic values (or breeding value) along the genome. These breeding values were subsequently weighted by the posterior evidence of a QTL being present at a specific chromosomal bin. A heat-coloring scheme was applied where the degree of redness (blueness) indicated more positive (negative) values. The additive and dominant genetic variance explained by all QTL jointly were calculated as
where Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was assumed in the initial founder population [11] and linkage equilibrium among QTL.
Model selection
In respect of model selection, we use Bayes factors [12] as a measure of evidence coming from the data for different QTL models. More specifically twice the natural logarithm (2ln) of a Bayes Factor was used as this was on the same scale as the familiar deviance and likelihood ratio test statistics. The Bayes factor is the ratio of the marginal likelihood under one model to the marginal likelihood under a second model and was computed from the prior and posterior odds ratios for the competing models[12]. The Bayes factors for two competing models can be interpreted as follows: 2ln(BF) = [0–2, 2–5, 5–10, >10] corresponds to [hardly any, positive, strong, decisive] evidence against 1st model, respectively. QTL with positive or stronger evidence are reported in this study.
Types of genetic models
The default in this study was the additive genetic model with a prior mean for the number of QTL equal to 5, denoted as Q5a. This prior mean reflects our expectation that there are likely 5 QTL affecting the quantitative trait in an additive manner. The models in which the QTL affect the trait in both additive and dominant manner are denoted Q5ad. As outlined above, we studied two marker densities, i.e., 1 cM and 5 cM, and we explored the power to map QTL when only part of the phenotypic data was used, i.e., only data on the first 2 generations of individuals.
Estimates of heritability
The estimates of heritability from QTL models were 0.3 or somewhat higher when all data was used and just below 0.3 when only the first 2 generations of individuals were considered (Table 2). A similar estimated heritability was obtained when fitting a purely polygenic model (ignoring marker data) to the phenotypic and pedigree data (results not shown). Fitting a model with both multiple QTL and a random polygenic effect simultaneously resulted in an estimated polygenic variance near zero, which indicates that the QTL account for all additive genetic variance underlying the phenotypic trait.
Table 2. Posterior inference on genetic parameters from several QTL models
Number of QTL
The posterior mean estimates for the number of QTL varied from 12.8 to 13.6 when using all data and an estimate of 8.6 when using only the 1st two generations (Table 2). The number of QTL per chromosome with clear positive evidence varied from 0 on chromosome 3 and 6 up to 4 on chromosome 4 when using the Bayes Factor estimates for the most likely QTL model (Table 3). The evidence for QTL on chromosome 3 was only present when analysing all phenotypes with a lower marker density, i.e., in models 5 cM_Q5a and 5 cM_Q5ad. The 5 cM density map resulted in less QTL identified, especially on chromosome 1, 2, and 4 (Table 3). The use of only 2 generations of phenotypes resulted in lowest numbers of QTL identified, i.e., only 3 with strong evidence.
Table 3. Estimates of Bayes Factors of QTL models (favouring model M1 over model M0) per chromosome (chr)
Positions of QTL
The estimated intensity profile of indicated QTL had narrow peaks when all phenotypic data and a 1 cM marker density was used (Figure 1). For this marker density, the estimated position of the 2nd QTL on chromosome 1 was bimodal and 2 closely linked QTL were identified at the start of chromosome 4. The marker density of 5 cM resulted in much less narrow and lower QTL intensity profiles, while using phenotypic data partially (1665 records – Table 1) resulted in rather flat profiles (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Estimated posterior intensity of QTL positions along the genome (6 chromosomes, each of length 100 cM) for the QTL models of Table 2.
For the model 1 cM_Q5a, the length of the twelve QTL regions with strong evidence varied from 4 up to 22 cM (Table 4). The boundaries of these regions were based upon the Highest Posterior Intensity inference, i.e., all values within these regions were never lower than values outside these regions. Note that the number of regions was based upon the Bayes Factors (Table 3). The intensity of some regions were greater than 1.0 as these regions sometimes harbored more than 1 QTL at the same time.
Table 4. Estimates for QTL locations and contributions for model 1 cM_Q5a
QTL effects and variance
The posterior mean estimates of additive QTL effects in the twelve regions varied from 0.31 up to 0.78 (Table 4). The posterior 90% quantiles (of the distribution within bins) for the additive QTL effects are depicted in Figure 2 and the QTL at the end of chromosome 5 had the tightest quantile region.
Figure 2. Posterior inference on QTL characteristics along the genome for the model 1 cM_Q5a. (I) Posterior QTL intensity; (II) Posterior genotype probabilities of 1st thirty individuals of the dataset (QQ = red; Qq/qQ = green; qq = blue; ambiguous = gray, see also equation (3)); (III) Estimates of posterior mean (black line) and 90%quantiles (gray lines) of additive QTL effects; (IV) Estimated breeding values of 1st thirty individuals.
QTL genotypes and breeding values
The posterior probabilities of the first 30 individuals along the genome are depicted for bins with increased posterior QTL intensity (Figure 2). Assignment of individuals' QTL genotypes for regions with high QTL intensity was often possible, e.g., first 2 QTL on chromosome 1 and last QTL on chromosome 5. However, assignment was poor for other QTL regions, e.g., QTL on chromosomes 2 and 4.
The colour-representation of the estimated breeding values showed only a limited number of regions with clear variation in breeding values estimates (Figure 2). The QTL at the start of chromosome 4 caused the largest variation in breeding values, which was consistent with the amount of variance explained by the QTL (Table 4).
The genetic models studied assumed either QTL acting additively or additively and dominantly. Allowing dominance did not result in a different number of QTL identified nor did the locations of the QTL change dramatically. For the 1 cM scenarios the main difference were the QTL intensity profiles on chromosome 1 (Figure 1), i.e., the model allowing dominance revealed more evidence for a QTL in the 2nd half of the chromosome. Also, the estimates of dominance effects were close to zero for almost all QTL (results not shown). The inclusion of epistatic interactions in our Bayesian QTL framework is in progress.
The comparison to the simulated QTL positions (provided after the workshop) revealed that our Bayesian analyses correctly identified almost all QTL that explained more than 1% of the phenotypic variance [13]. The QTL simulated at 74 cM-chr2, 60 cM-chr3, and 36 cM-chr4 were not reported in our study. The QTL at 74 cM-chr2 had a rather low minor allele frequency (0.16) in the population [1] and that could have been the reason that this QTL was missed in our analyses. For the QTL at 60 cM-chr3 there was increased, but not convincing, posterior evidence (Figure 2). The QTL at chr4 was missed although we reported another QTL positioned closer to the start of chromosome, i.e., at 10 cM. The simulated QTL jointly explained 30% of the phenotypic variance and this value corresponds well with the heritability estimates from our analyses (Table 2).
The rapidly growing availability of SNP markers introduces new types of datasets that can be analysed to find associations between genotype and phenotype. Instead of a limiting factor, the number of markers is now overloading the statistical methods for QTL mapping. We thinned the number of available SNP markers down to a number that could be more easily handled in our Bayesian linkage analyses. This thinning was ad-hoc as a survey on haplotype patterns among generation 0 individuals did not reveal large Linkage Disequilibrium stretches. Reducing the resolution of SNP markers down to 5 cM introduced a severe loss of power to identify and map QTL (Table 3, Figure 1). The marker haplotype data provided complete information on linkage phase among subsequent markers which is not yet utilized in the current FlexQTL software.
An important research item of the simulated data set was to predict the breeding values for non-phenotyped juvenile individuals. Here, we did not include these individuals as inclusion would increase computation time but not increase the power of QTL mapping. The FlexQTL software allows the storage of genotype samples on all individuals and thereby allows genomic prediction for juveniles, but computation and storage capacity may become limited and we plan to extend the software on this issue.
We successfully identified 12 chromosomal regions with substantial evidence for harbouring QTL affecting the quantitative trait of interest. These QTL explained 30 percent of the total phenotypic variance. Our Bayesian approach produces posterior individuals' QTL genotype probabilities and by fully accounting for posterior uncertainty in presence and size of QTL also predicts genome-wide breeding values.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MB performed linkage analyses. MB and FE wrote and discussed the manuscript.
The 2nd author was partly funded by CBSG2012 project BB9 "Advanced linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping". We acknowledge Jac Thissen to survey the SNP data among generation 0 individuals and this study benefitted from fruitful discussions with colleagues at Biometris.
This article has been published as part of BMC Proceedings Volume 3 Supplement 1, 2009: Proceedings of the 12th European workshop on QTL mapping and marker assisted selection. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/3?issue=S1.
Mogens Sandø Lund MS, Sahana G, de Koning D-J, Su G, Carlborg Ö: Comparison of analyses of the QTLMAS XII common dataset. I: Genomic selection.
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Zhang K, Qin ZH, Chen T, Liu JS, Waterman MS, Sun FZ: HapBlock: haplotype block partitioning and tag SNP selection software using a set of dynamic programming algorithms.
Bioinformatics 2005, 21(1):131-134. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
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Waagepetersen R, Sorensen D: A tutorial on reversible jump MCMC with a view toward applications in QTL-mapping.
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Haldane JBS: The combination of linkage values and the calculation of distances between the loci of linked factors.
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Star Trek Continues "Pilgrim of Eternity"
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May 26 2013, 08:14 PM
USS Intrepid
Location: Dundee, Scotland, UK
Re: Star Trek Continues "Pilgrim of Eternity"
Maurice wrote:
USS Intrepid wrote:
Maurice wrote:
I know lots of people don't like Vic, but despite his obvious Shatner impersonation I found him the least cringe-worthy fanfilm Captain yet.
Well boo. Guess the rest of us should just quit now then.
Clearly that was poor word choice on my part, but to be honest, most of the casts of these shows are amateurs and not trained actors so almost invariably there are moments that don't ring true in the performances. That's really what I was getting at. But this illustrates why I don't like to comment on the acting in these things.
I'm really just teasing here. I'm not so naive as to think most of us can stand up that well against the pros.
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1964 Chevrolet C10 V8 Short bed Stepside, Very solid, reliable truck was my daily driver for a year. Original or correct including the six... More
OPEN TO TRADES. Please feel free to call or email with Trade offers. [contact seller] 908-763-5982. Looking to trade for larger car for my growing... More
1975 Porsche 914 2.0L Offered for sale is this very presentable driver. Owned and meticulously maintained with an open wallet for 8 years by current... More
1969 Chevrolet Corvair Convertible, If you are familiar with the Corvair history you know that this is one of the rarest Corvairs ever manufactured.... More
1949 Plymouth P-15 Business Coupe,runs very well,no smoke or knocking from engine, it runs so well that it could be used as a driver as... More
1978 Chevrolet Blazer Silverado, 4WD, rebuilt 350V8 (less than 500 miles), good body, one owner. Runs and drives great. Newer Bridgestone all terrain tires.... More
?1952 MG YT RHD '52 MG YT RHD in British racing green with tan interior and equipped with a 4 speed manual transmission, sunroof and... More
Perfect running 1976 Jeep CJ5 with 304 V8. A blast to drive whether at the beach or in the mountains. Upgraded ignition, Holley four... More
1965 Chevrolet Chevy II 100 station wagon, purchased new by mother of seller in Amarillo, TX, 4-door with L6 engine, mileage 11,034, tan color,... More
This 1984 Toyota Celica GTS sport coupe, 2.2 RE, 5 spd manual, is in very good to excellent condition. It has pwr door locks,... More
1969 MGB Convertible Roadster For Sale or Trade. Finished in primrose yellow with newer red seats and black convertible top. Mechanically sound and ready... More
1958 Triumph TR3 '58 Triumph TR3 in old English white with black interior. Comes with the soft top frame, side curtains and spare tire.... More
Great fun TR6, Original and complete, runs well, nice interior, straight body but could use paint. Fun driver priced to sell ... More
1947 Jeep CJ2A. Runs and drives, needs very little. Newer paint, top, wheels and tires,... More
1974 Chevy Nova, 350 ci, 4 barrel, manual trans - 4 speed w/OD, front disc brakes, 17" tires... More


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Hall of Memories
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The Hall of Memories is a subzone of Ulduar at the 8 o'clock exit of the Observation Ring. Its entrance is denoted by two saronite crystals. The Ancient Gate of the Keepers blocks the way to the Descent into Madness and is unlocked after defeating the Keepers of Ulduar: Thorim, Hodir, Freya, and Mimiron.


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Stern anchor suggestions
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Stern anchor suggestions
I love my little Danforth it is a small one not sure but maybe 25lbs. This has 6''of plastic coated chain and 200''of half inch line 38 foot 11 ton boat. This little rig as light as it is has held in some blows that were really hard. I have no problen getting it out or in I use a set of hangers I got from the West Marine that are for hanging the anchor from the pulpit but I used them and hung the anchor off my stern ladder.I have a bad heart and this is a good rig for no stress other than I have to use my big winch to break the anchor out,which is good.
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CastleCastle (2003) Episode 14- .hack//SIGN Anime Episode Guide
This page has been viewed 12 times this month, and 273 times total.
- .hack//SIGN Anime Episode Guide
- Bandai Entertainment Inc., Bandai Visual Co. Ltd., Bee Train, Cyber Connect 2, Production I.G, Project .hack, Yomiko Advertising Inc.
- Distributed by: Bandai Visual Co. Ltd. (Japan), Bandai Entertainment Inc. (U.S.A.)
- Cartoon Characters: Tsukasa/Elk, Mimiru, Bear, BT, Subaru, Silver Knight, Morganna, Sora, Grunty, Crim, A-20/Mistral, Kite, BlackRose, Balmung, Orca, Mia, Helba, Lios.
- Originally Released in 2003.
- Color
- Running Time: 30 minutes.
- Japan
Cartoon Summary:
Crim and BT are transported to a strange field where everything is upside down. They set off in pursuit of the sender of the message, the "he." They reason that he's in the treasure room of the castle, but first they have to deal with Sora, who's followed them there. Meanwhile, Tsukasa arrives and he uses his power to warp himself, Bear, and Mimiru to the location specified in the message. Bear and the others find a strange man floating in a room, repeating the same phrases over and over "I just wanted to give our love tangible form..." "Protect her..."
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Wanted: Clean elections
Letters to the editor for Jan. 31, 2014: Campaign reform; county clerk; misleading jobless rate; questions for Hillary; nuclear force review; water rationing; economic attack?; Challenger anniversary
Push for clean election initiative
I'm saddened to hear of the attempt by a wealthy foreign investor to influence our San Diego electoral campaigns. I am not surprised, however, to learn that a foreign investor is attempting this.
Since the Citizens United ruling by the Supreme Court in 2010, big money has dominated elections. This does not facilitate equality or democracy. We were founded on the principle of one person, one vote, not one dollar, one vote. It's time for San Diego to break with this unfair money advantage and publicly finance elections. A movement is building for putting a clean elections initiative on the November 2016 ballot.
Terri Prevost
Kearny Mesa
County clerk abused position of authority
Unless County Clerk Ernest Dronenburg can show us that his job description authorizes him to take actions contrary to court decisions or laws (Prop. 8) because he disagrees with them, he abused his authority and should resign ("Activists call for resignation," Jan. 29).
Mr. Dronenburg used his position to further his own beliefs instead of doing his job. I find it amazing that even though he has obviously abused his authority, he says that he has no intention of resigning and is even going to seek re-election. This really is the definition of hubris.
Linda Wesson Greenberg
La Mesa
Falling jobless rate nothing to brag about
There is nothing positive about a drop in the jobless rate in San Diego when thousands of people become so frustrated they just stop looking ("Jobless rates falls to 6.4 percent," Jan. 25).
The economy is not growing at a rate to increase jobs. Unfortunately, in many cases, our political appointees don't know what is needed. They are more focused on staying in office rather than on tackling what may not be politically acceptable.
What it takes is to establish an environment that promotes the growth of manufacturing. Establish realistic environmental guidelines and remove the anti-business mentality.
Using a lower unemployment rate for political points is like telling your friends how much you're worth without including the mortgage on your house.
Peter Malaspina
Tough questions demanded of Hillary
Regarding the Jan. 29 commentary "Regret won't cut it" by Jennifer Rubin of The Washington Post, if Hillary Clinton runs for president in 2016, I pray that Jennifer is given the opportunity to do a face-to-face with her to ensure that someone will ask the right questions, not only about Benghazi, but also about other transgressions in her career.
We do not need debates moderated by other liberals; we need truthful answers derived from direct questions and with no acceptance of lies and evasions.
Lloyd L. Rochambeau
San Marcos
Supports review of U.S. nuclear force
Regarding the Jan. 24 article "Full review set of U.S. nuke force rocked by problems," I was on one of the ICBM launch crews while serving in the Air Force from 1966 to 1971.
Some assertions that cheating on nuclear proficiency exams "has gone on for decades" are out there. I can assure you that it did not go on while I was on a launch crew.