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A steam drive method for low permeability formations is described which utilizes a plurality of wellbores in an elongated pattern configuration. The wells initially undergo a cyclic steaming and production operation, wherein as each steaming cycle is initiated a fracture system is created having a heated zone surrounding each fracture. The cyclic steaming and production is repeated until thermal communication between vertical fracture planes is established, and oil recovery through the single well stimulation is significantly reduced. Thereafter, cyclic steaming is halted and new injection wells, centrally situated, are established and used to initiate a steam drive, wherein the heated zone around the fractures helps to reduce the viscosity of and mobilize the hydrocarbons not initially recovered during the cyclic steaming operation.
1. A method of improving oil production from a relatively impermeable formation utilizing a steam drive, said method comprising:
determining a hydraulic fracture orientation for the formation:
drilling and casing a plurality of first wellbores in an elongated pattern along the fracture orientation;
cyclically injecting into each of said wellbores an amount of steam in a short steaming cycle sequence sufficient to heat the formation through a plurality of controllably induced vertical formation fractures created throughout a production interval, while minimizing leakoff from said fractures outside the formation, and cyclically producing formation hydrocarbons upon cessation of a steam injection cycle by reflashing said steam through the wellbore;
continuing to alternate steam injection and hydrocarbon production from each wellbore until a thermal communication is established between adjacent wellbores;
drilling a plurality of second injection wells centrally interposed between the first wellbores, and converting said first wellbores to production wells; and
initiating a fracture steam drive by injecting steam above fracture pressure into each of the second wells, wherein formation hydrocarbons initially mobilized by said steam drive and heated by contacting heated formation sections around the induced fractures, thereby allowing further hydrocarbons mobilization for recovery at the production wells.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the amount of steam cyclically injected is between 2000 and 5000 Barrels CWE per day.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the relatively impermeable formation is diatomite.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the elongated pattern is a rectangular line drive pattern.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the elongated pattern is a staggered line drive.
6. A method of improving oil production from a relatively impermeable formation utilizing a steam drive, said method comprising:
determining a hydraulic fracture orientation for the formation;
drilling and casing a plurality of wellbores in an elongated pattern along the fracture orientation;
cyclically injecting into each of said wellbores an amount of steam in a short steaming cycles sequence sufficient to heat the formation through a plurality of controllably induced vertical formation fractures created throughout a production interval, while minimizing leakoff from said fractures outside the formation, and cyclically producing formation hydrocarbons upon cessation of a steam injection cycle by reflashing said steam through the wellbore;
continuing to alternate steam injection and hydrocarbon production from each wellbore until a thermal communication is established between adjacent wellbores;
converting each alternate wellbore to a production well and Converting each remaining wellbore to an injection well;
initiating a steam drive by injecting steam into each of the injection wells wherein formation hydrocarbons initially mobilized by said steam drive are heated by contacting heated formation sections around the induced fractures, thereby allowing further hydrocarbon mobilization for recovery at the production wells.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the relatively impermeable formation is diatomite.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the elongated pattern is a rectangular line drive pattern.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the elongated pattern is a staggered line drive pattern.
This invention relates to recovering oil from a subterranean oil reservoir by means of an in-situ steam drive process. More particularly, the invention relates to treating a subterranean oil reservoir which is relatively porous and contains a significant proportion of oil, but is so impermeable as to be productive of substantially no fluid in response to injections of drive fluids such as water, steam, hot gas, or oil miscible solvents.
Continued worldwide demand for petroleum products, combined with a high level of prices for petroleum and products recovered therefrom, has sustained interest in hydrocarbon sources which are less accessible than crude oil of the Middle East and other geographic regions. Such hydrocarbonaceous deposits range from heavy oil to tar sands, found in western Canada and in the western United States. Depending on the type and depth of the deposit, recovery techniques range from steam injection to in-situ combustion to mining.
For heavy oils in the gravity range of 10 to 20 degrees API, steam injection has been a widely applied method for oil o recovery. Problems arise, however, when attempting to apply this process to subterranean oil reservoirs which even though are relatively porous and contain a significant proportion of oil, are so impermeable as to be productive of substantially no fluid in response to a conventional steam drive application. Such a reservoir is typified by the diatomite formations in the Lost Hills or Cymric Fields which are characterized by depths of about 1000 feet, with thicknesses of about 100 to 300 feet; and having a porosity of about 50%, an oil saturation of about 60%, an oil API gravity between about 13 to 30 degrees, a water saturation of about 40%, and a matrix permeability of less than about 1 millidarcy. These heavy oil formations have been found to yield only a small percentage of their oil content, such as 1% or less, in primary production processes; and have been substantially nonresponsive to conventional types of secondary or tertiary recovery processes.
The literature has seen many attempts aimed at recovering Oil from substantially impermeable types of subterranean formations, such as diatomite, through the use of steam injections techniques. One such method is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,031 to Davis, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The method involves the injection of a solvent into the diatomite, followed by injection of a surface active aqueous solution containing a diatomite/ oil-water wettability improving agent, along with a surface tension lowering agent to enhance oil recovery during steam injection.
Another method taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,276 to Rivas, also assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated specifically herein by reference, utilizes a series of short steaming cycles at sufficient pressure to induce fracturing of the adjacent formation; alternating with a production cycle which exploits the flashing of the heated formation water from a liquid to steam as wellbore pressures decrease during the transition from the injection to the production cycle. Because the low permeability and high oil viscosity characteristics associated with heavy oil diatomite formations precludes the use of conventional steam stimulation or drive processes, the Rivas method of alternating short steaming and production cycles is effective in recovering hydrocarbons from low permeability formations such as a diatomite matrix. However, the Rivas method, being a single well process, is limited to an operational area heated during the steam injection cycle, that area being adjacent to and surrounding the fractures extending from the wellbore; necessitating a large number of wells to process a given area since each single well will only recover a fraction of the original oil in place because of each well's limitation of only contacting and heating a small area away from the fracture due to the formation's extremely low permeability.
What is needed, therefore, is a steam drive method applicable to formations having low permeability and high oil viscosity, such as heavy oil diatomite formations, but not having the prohibitively large production response time inherent in conventional steam drive operations applied to such low permeability matrixes.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved steam drive method applicable to oil-bearing formations having a relatively low permeability.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an oil recovery method wherein the viscosity of the insitu oil within the production formation is initially lowered through a series of single well cyclic steaming operations. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an oil recovery method wherein a network of fractures are formed throughout the production interval of a producing formation during an initial cyclic steaming operation between two cyclic injectors, thereby providing thermal communication between established parallel vertical fracture planes.
These and other objectives are accomplished through the oil recovery method of the present invention, wherein a plurality of alternately disposed steam injection wells penetrate an oil-bearing formation in an elongated pattern along the formation's fracture orientation. Each well initiates a series of short steaming cycles at sufficient pressure to induce fracturing while minimizing steam loss to the surrounding formation. Each steaming cycle is in turn alternated With a production cycle, which exploits the reflashing of water to steam as the injection cycle ceases and the production cycle is initiated, to drive the oil from the formation to the induced fractures and ultimately up the wellbore. As each steam cycle is initiated and a fracture is induced, a heated zone around and extending from such fractures is also created. When thermal communication is established between the vertical fracture planes of the induced fractures, and oil recovery through the single well stimulation is significantly reduced, the cyclic steaming of each individual well is halted and the wells are converted to production wells. New injection wells, centrally situated between the production wells in a direction perpendicular to the fracture orientation, are then used to initiate a steam drive operation to push that oil not initially recovered during the cyclic steaming operation through the established thermal communication path, for recovery at the producing wells.
FIG. 1 depicts a planar view of the elongated rectangular configuration of the wellbores of the present method.
FIG. 2 depicts a sectional view of the wellbores shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 depicts the heated zone surrounding a steam induced fracture.
FIG. 4a depicts a staggered line drive pattern injector configuration used in the present method.
FIG. 4b depicts a direct line drive pattern injector configuration used in the present method.
FIG. 5 depicts a temperature profile, prior to steam injection, of the formation between two production wells having a new centrally located injection well.
There are two basic processes which use steam as a thermal energy agent for oil recovery. One of these is the steam drive process in which steam is injected into the formation at one well and petroleum is driven through the reservoir by the steam to an offset producing well. In this "steam drive" operation the steam acts as a vertical bank or wall in the formation, pushing the oil horizontally toward the producing well for recovery. The other process is a single well steam stimulation technique, particularly applicable in reservoirs where it is difficult to establish communication between two wells. In single well stimulation steam is injected, by means of the well, into the formation and subsequently the heated oil is withdrawn from the formation by means of the same well. These alternating injection and production cycles are repeated until oil can no longer be economically recovered.
By the method of the present invention the sweep efficiency of the steam drive operation is adapted for practical use in relatively impermeable formations in order to recover those hydrocarbons unaffected by the limited operational area heated through the single well steam stimulation techniques generally applicable to such formations. In practicing the present method the directional characteristics of hydraulically induced fractures are first determined from a first well utilizing any one of several techniques known in the art. For example, the monitoring of acoustic and seismic emissions from surface sites or downhole sensors during fracture propagation are typical of the systems used to indirectly map fracture characteristics. Similarly, impression packers as well as devices to measure surface upheaval, such as tiltmeters, are still further examples of methods known in the art for indirectly mapping fracture orientation. Alternatively, a direct measurement of the formation's fracture orientation may be obtained using any of several methods and apparatus known to those skilled in the art, such as the device taught by Shuck in U.S. Pat. No. 4,446,433 specifically incorporated herein by reference, wherein energy signals are directed, either in a phase detection, FM-swept frequency or pulse-echo ranging mode, through the induced fracture and processing the received signal to determine both the direction and length of the fracture propagation.
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, once the hydraulic fracture orientation of the reservoir has been determined, a plurality of wellbores 10 are drilled into the low permeability formation 20, traversing the oil bearing region of the formation, and established in an elongated rectangular line drive pattern along the formation's fracture orientation, preferably having a 1.25 acre spacing 30. Because the present method involves a fracturing of the formation, as later discussed herein, the elongated pattern is utilized to provide a better areal sweep within the formation; it being well recognized by those skilled in the art that thermal energy which passes through a fracture heats the area around the fracture thereby creating a heated zone resembling an ellipse with a high degree of eccentricity 25, more specifically depicted in FIG. 3. Well spacing within this elongated pattern will be dictated by the particular characteristics of the formation being exploited, and the formation's fracture half length, generally being within the range of about 200 feet. Once the well pattern is established, each well is operated in the steam stimulation process described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,276 to Rivas, which has been previously incorporated herein. The cyclic steaming operation described by Rivas involves the selection and perforation of a lower interval of each wellbore. Tubing is run into the respective wellbores with a thermal packer set at the upper boundary of the selected lower interval. Steam is then injected into each wellbore through the tubing at sufficient pressure and flow rate to cause a vertical fracturing of the adjacent formation. Steam injection is discontinued after about 3,000 to 5,000 barrels of steam has been placed in the selected interval. Following a brief soak period, the well is allowed to produce back from the first set of perforations, wherein the flashing of the highly pressurized water to steam, as a result of the reduction of wellbore pressure upon the initiation of the production cycle, is exploited as a means of driving in place hydrocarbons from the formation. Short steaming cycles, which prevent leakoff to the surrounding formation, alternating with production cycles are repeated for the first lower interval.
Referring now to FIG. 2 and the sectional view of the wellbores along reference line A--A of FIG. 1, it is generally recognized that hydraulic fractures induced by the steam injection process described by Rivas, will form along planes which are perpendicular to the least one of the three principle compressive stresses which exist along the Vertical and two mutually perpendicular axes within the formation between the two cyclic injectors 40 and 50 traversing production interval 55. In tectonically inactive regions the least principle stress is substantially horizontal, resulting in induced fractures 60 that are substantially vertical planer fractures. In recognition of this fact Rivas teaches the selection and isolation of subsequent intervals within the formation, each being worked by the steam stimulation technique previously described, until a plurality of vertical fracture planes is developed for each well within the multiple well field.
Once this set of aligned vertical fractures is established, short steaming and production cycles for each well are continued until thermal communication between the parallel vertical fracture planes of each well is established. It being generally recognized that during the cyclic steaming operation heat will outwardly propagate, as shown by heated zone 70 of FIG. 1, from the fracture due to both convective and diffusive heating as each injection cycle is completed. For wells 40 and 50 of FIG. 1 on a 1.25 acre spacing, having a 200 foot fracture half length, thermal communication will generally be established after about 20 to 40 cycling operations through the combination of conductive heating through the diatomite matrix, and convective transfer of heat as a result of fluid flow through the diatomite. The fluid flow itself being the result of the pressure gradient established during steam injection and hot water inhibition.
Once the above described steps of steam stimulation no longer yields sufficient oil production and thermal communication is established in the formation via the fractured cyclic steaming operation, the resulting reduction in insitu oil viscosity within the formation is exploited by initiating a steam drive through newly drilled rows of injection wells centrally positioned between the existing wells perpendicular to the fracture orientation, wherein the existing wells are then converted to producers as depicted in FIGS. 4a and 4b. In this particular configuration wells 80 and 100 are production wells while wells 90 and 110 are steam injection wells undergoing fracturing by steam injected above fracture pressure, each extending through the relatively impermeable diatomite formation. In FIG. 4a, the injector configuration depicted is that of a staggered line drive pattern, where in FIG. 4b an alternate injector configuration is depicted of a direct line drive pattern.
The formation interval between wells, having been preheated, provides a unique and advantageous type of heated reservoir zone in which to conduct a steam drive. If the interwell distance perpendicular to the fracture orientation is approximately equivalent to the width of the zone heated by the injected steam the temperature profile depicted in FIG. 5 will be repeated between each row of wells in the field. As the hot steam is injected into the formation through the newly established injection wells, the steam heats the low temperature, high viscosity oil nearest the injector, as depicted in FIG. 5, and displaces it toward the higher temperature area surrounding the converted producer. It is the reservoir heating between the two fracture planes during the steam stimulation which causes the significant viscosity reduction, as evidenced by the viscosity reduction of two differing crude oils shown in Table I below, which assists in providing the mobility needed for a successful steamdrive. If the reservoir is not heated by cyclic steam stimulation prior to initiating the steamdrive, the high crude oil viscosity at reservoir conditions, coupled with the low reservoir permeability of the diatomite, will result in excessively long production response times, making the steamdrive economically unsuccessful.
TABLE I______________________________________CRUDE OIL VISCOSITY Viscosity (centipose)Temperature, �F. Crude A Crude B______________________________________70.5 15,950 --75 -- 4,20090 4,285 --100 2,380 1,100150 245 130200 54 33250 18.9 12.5300 8.8 6.4350 4.9 3.8400 3.1 1.6______________________________________
In this way in-situ oil not initially recovered through steam stimulation efforts can be mobilized in a fracture steam drive operation, heretofore impractical in relatively impermeable formations.
In an alternate embodiment, the initial well configuration for the steam stimulation phase of the present method is either a staggered line drive or direct linedrive pattern is previously discussed and depicted in FIG. 4a and 4b. As with the previous embodiment, fracture steam stimulation is carried out until oil recovery in the wells is significantly reduced and the reservoir is sufficiently heated and thermal communication between the fractures is established. To initiate the steamdrive alternate rows of wells are converted to production wells while the remaining wells are converted to injection wells. For this alternate embodiment the coldest oil lies between the injector and producer rows, With the zones nearest the injectors and producers having the highest temperature. As the steam drive moves the oil bank, the centrally located cooler portion of the oil bank is heated primarily by the injected steam as well as by contact with the hotter reservoir formation section surrounding the fractures into which the oil is pushed.
In each of the previously described processes a single vertical fracture was created in each well during the cyclic steam stimulation phase. Because the fracture heights are typically between 40 and 70 feet, and the formation itself being generally over 300 feet, the benefit from a single fracture is recognized as being limited. To process the remaining formation in accordance with the present method two approaches can be used. In one method, after the lowest zone has been processed it is plugged back and another set of parallel vertical fractures is created in a zone located above the initial zone, and the entire process of cyclic steam stimulation followed by a steam drive, as previously described, is repeated. In an alternate method the processing of the entire formation is accomplished by creating in each of the wells a plurality of aligned, generally parallel vertical fractures as taught by Rivas, to cover the entire production interval. Each interval is worked by the steam stimulation technique as previously described until a plurality of vertical fracture planes is developed within each well, wherein the multiple vertical fractures undergo the alternating steaming and production sequence detailed in the single fracture embodiments. After oil recovery from the single well stimulation is no longer practical, and formation heating through the fracture network is established, all the parallel sets of fractures are simultaneously steam driven as previously described.
Although the present invention has been described with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the purview and scope of the appended claims.
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SA Today: Freedom, Fairness and Opportunity. A New Chapter Opens for South Africa … [Read more...]
SA Today: Freedom, Fairness and Opportunity
Competitiveness showcased at Business Awards
On the evening of Thursday 9 April, the Department of Trade and Industry, in partnership with Brand South Africa and Proudly South African, co-hosted the 3rd annual South African Premier Business Awards in Johannesburg at the Sandton … [Read more...]
Learners get lifetime opportunity
A group of learners from Sol Plaatje Primary School in Mafikeng will get a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to talk directly to an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS) in May. … [Read more...]
SA switches on new vision with DTT
South Africa's move towards digital broadcasting, DTT, will bring more benefits for broadcasters, network operators, spectrum regulators and television viewers alike, says Deputy Director General in the Department of Communications, … [Read more...]
Tourism must reduce poverty
Tourism Minister Derek Hanekom says the success of tourism will be judged by how much it contributes towards reducing poverty, inequality and unemployment. … [Read more...]
Free State makes strides in job creation
Free State Premier Ace Magashule says the province's job creation prospects are looking up, with 51 020 work opportunities created as at the end of January this year through the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP). … [Read more...]
Labour dept pushes for better temp deals
The Department of Labour says temporary workers must be accorded the same treatment as permanent staff. … [Read more...]
Mobile app unveiled
Communications Deputy Minister Stella Ndabeni-Abrahams has unveiled a mobile app for the South African Government website, set to further put a wealth of information and services at the fingertips of techno-savvy South Africans. … [Read more...]
Shaping the mining industry globally
Mining sector: shaping the industry globally - In today's globalised world, technology is increasingly essential for companies to be highly competitive and to prosper. The technological readiness pillar of the South African National … [Read more...]
Learners to celebrate Safer Internet Day
Learners from 10 schools in Gauteng will join hundreds of organisations to celebrate Safer Internet Day (SID) on 10 February. … [Read more...]

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Yellen drives wedge between monetary policy, financial bubbles
Published on Jul 3, 2014 2:46 AM
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Monetary policy faces"significant limitations" as a tool to counter financial stability risks, Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen said on Wednesday, adding that heading off the U.S. housing bubble with higher interest rates would have caused major economic damage.
Weighing in on a global debate, she reiterated her view that regulation - not rate policy - needs to play the lead role in combating excessive financial risk-taking.
"The potential cost ... is likely to be too great to give financial stability risks a central role in monetary policy discussions," Ms Yellen said at an event sponsored by the International Monetary Fund. She didn't close the door entirely, however, and she cited some areas that bore monitoring with an eye toward a possible tightening of regulation.
Analysts said Ms Yellen was pushing back against some Fed officials who believe financial stability should be given a more prominent place in formulating monetary policy.
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Align 700 New Design Main Rotor Housing Set
With your purchase, receive at no cost:
This is a replacement Align New Design Main Rotor Housing Set, and is intended for use with the Align T-Rex 700N and 700E helicopters.
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Hot answers tagged instagram
UPDATE 06/11/2012: This is now possible "natively" by going to instagram.com/profile_name. Source. Yes, if you know your firend's Instagram usersname, you can use Webstagram. Search for his/her username and see his/her photo stream. (E.g.: Om Malik's photos.) However, note that if the respective user's profile is set to private, you can't see the photos. ...
Instagram doesn't place any limit on the number of accounts you can create, as long as you provide a different email address for each one. The Instagram mobile application supports signing in with only one account at a time, although third-party programs enable you to manage multiple accounts from a single interface.
Webstagram has a little delay, of an hour or two. I use Statigram. Statigram is a web viewer for your Instagram photos. Join Statigram for terrific statistics about your account and tools to manage your community.
Instagram's own help page on Creating an Account & Username says that you need to download the Instagram app on your device in order to register an account. Mashable's The Beginner's Guide to Instagram also say that "Instagram has always been an almost exclusively mobile platform. Therefore, you must download the iPhone or Android app to your device in ...
No, there is no way to do that. A next user (e.g. yourself) must grant access to a Android or iOS for your relatives to sign up. I would look over the terms of service here.
Instagre.at is a great new web app that shows you what's currently popular on Instagram. Beautiful minimal design and animation blends perfectly with the Instagram theme. http://instagre.at/ To download your photos from Instagreat sign in with Instagram (bottom-left button) click your name to see your own timeline. Right-click > Save Image to ...
Per their policy, you can't get login access to the account. However, you could try and ask for an archive of the photos. 8. HOW TO CONTACT US ABOUT A DECEASED USER In the event of the death of an Instagram User, please contact us. We will usually conduct our communication via email; should we require any other information, we will contact you at ...
It is possible to view a Tumblr account without logging in, all you need is the username/url (which you don't have). There isn't a search option to search by user other than a Google Search site:tumblr.com "query of words associated with your client's blog" For Instagram see: I don't have an Instagram account. Can I still look at users' Instagram ...
As of early November, you can now view public Instagram profiles and photos via the web. ie. http://instagram.com/justinbieber ... should put some of those third-party apps out of business.
http://web.stagram.com/ Webstagram is an Instagram Web Viewer. Hope this helps
This sounds like one person is blocking the other person. Whenever you do something on instagram, the immediate feedback like the heart popping up is to show you that you've liked something, but if the "Liked" turns back to "Like" that means Instagram never actually added that like from your account to the photo. Because the accounts are private, they both ...
There's no way to do this by using Instagram's webapp, but if you use a third party webclient like Iconosquare, following this link takes you to your followers page after you sign in using Instagram credentials.
There is no official way to tell if someone has blocked you; however, there are third party applications that can tell you when someone has unfollowed you (which happens automatically when you are blocked), such as Unfollowgram.
You cannot. From the Instagram help page: You must create your account using the Instagram mobile app, not a computer.
The only decision to make here was to delete my Instagram profile. You cannot prevent even your private instagram profile from Google Search because Facebook pings the profile to Google. Similarly, I had to remove my Spotify account because I had once connected it to Facebook, but Facebook never let's you go if you have done even it once. Similarly, I did ...
My guess is via proxies and a script that clicks on the like button. They've probably created 100 accounts or so manually which are logged into via the script. It's unwise to do this though, people used to do it with Facebook and your page will get suspended after a while.
You can't. Instagram by design does not allow you to do this. They do have an API however (Docs here: http://instagram.com/developer/endpoints/media/ ) which with a bit of programming will allow you to get what you want. As for doing it without programming, unless someone knows of a secret URL, then as far as I'm aware it's impossible. Even doing it by ...
Instagram is primarily a mobile app, and does not formally have a desktop version. (Those who have already created an account -- normally via the mobile app -- can browse to Instagram.com on the web, even from the desktop, and access limited aspects of their account after logging in.) However, one can run an Android emulator on the desktop, and install the ...
If you use the Google Chrome browser there is a 3rd party browser extension that will do the trick. Instagram for Chrome It's a web-based app so the only data used is what images you browse.
I was able to solve this by using If This Then That (thanks @Cawas) and the email upload feature of Picasaweb. Because Picasaweb albums are shared with Google+ this gives me what I want. Here's what you need: Turn on the email upload feature of Picasaweb Sign in to your account at http://picasaweb.google.com/. Click the gear gear icon icon in the ...
A dirty workaround (which doesn't precisely answer your question) could be as follows. Borrow an iOS device from your friend for several minutes. Install Instagram (or log out if it's there already). Register an account with Instragem; add those friends who have private profiles. Log out again; return iOS device. You need to do it only once in your ...
Instagram restricts private profiles to only those who have an Instagram account and have been authorized to view. Private media is returned as long as the authenticated user has permission to view that media. Considering this, it's not possible to follow them back.
Instagrid is another webapp that let's you access your Instagram photos on the web. I think because you log into Instagrid, users who know your Instagrid URL can see all of your photos, whether or not your account it set to private. Instagrid doesn't have a directory listing, so I think the only people who can access your feed is those you give the URL to. ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible


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2009 BEST Central Square Restaurant, Neighborhood
The Garden at the Cellar
Even with the throngs of outsiders vying for a seat in this cozy, brick-walled gastropub, it still feels very much like an insider hangout, thanks to the regulars chewing on dinner and local gossip at the bar. Chef Will Gilson has mastered the kind of ingredient-driven, French-accented comfort food—e.g., chicken and rosemary flatbread or steak frites with garlic spinach and parsnip purée;—that would earn any neighborhood some serious bragging rights.
Be respectful of our online community and contribute to an engaging conversation. We reserve the right to remove impersonators or personal attacks, threats, profanity, or flat-out offensive comments. By posting here, you are permitting Boston magazine and Metro Corp. to edit and republish your comment in all media.


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Inside proposed Utah games legislation "Truth in Advertising" bill H.B. 353 is an atom bomb in hiding. No, I don't mean the bit involving Jack Thompson, the controversial disbarred anti-games-violence activist who reportedly authored the thing. And I'm not talking about the part where hysterical Utah activists like Gayle Ruzicka (of the ultra-conservative Utah Eagle Forum) argue before committee that games like Grand Theft Auto "are the kind of things that are training our children" and "vile stuff."
No, the most recent amended version of H.B. 353 is a sobering bellwether of much worse to come if it passes the Utah state senate, as it now seems likely to. Why? Because instead of ensuring game retailers do as they say, the bill in fact encourages them to do the exact opposite and stop promising
they won't sell Mature-rated games like Fable 2 and Fallout 3 and Resident Evil 5 to underage kids and/or teens.
That's because Utah's H.B. 353 effectively criminalizes retail sales of video games to customers who don't meet a game's ratings strictures.
Perhaps you thought sales to underage buyers were already criminal given the unprecedented levels of retailer sales-ratings compliance? They're not. The system's in fact entirely voluntary...and, to date, an enormous success.
According to an undercover U.S. Federal Trade Commission operation, only 20 percent of 13 to 16 year olds were able to purchase M-rated video games from eight retailers. More importantly, that number was down 42 percent in 2006 and 85 percent since 2000, when the FTC surveys started.
According to a Peter D. Hart Research Associates study, nearly 90% of you (that is, American parents with kids who play games) are aware of the ESRB's ratings and use them.
But activist legislators in Utah apparently don't consider 90% good enough, and they're using Utah's "truth in advertising" law as a launch pad to target stores that promote their adherence to an age-discriminatory sales policy (in essence, compliance with the Entertainment Software Ratings Board's ratings system). Under their proposed bill, If a store says it enforces the ESRB's ratings on a game then fails to do so, it could be liable for up to $2,000 in fines per incident.
The non-cynical view: H.B. 353 is an attempt to pull game ratings under the umbrella of Utah's prevailing "truth in advertising" guidelines.
The cynical view: The bill's promoters are trying to backdoor anti-ESRB legislation by using a potentially over-broad state policy to increase governmental control of private sector activities and declare self-regulatory triumphs null and void.
According to ESRB president Patricia Vance, in an open letter to "Utah's parents and leaders" published last Friday...
...when the Federal Trade Commission first began measuring retailer compliance with video game sales policies nationwide in 2000, a scant 15% of underage customers were turned away. However, the most recent such study reported in May 2008 found that national retailers refused to sell M-rated games to customers under 17 a remarkable 80% of the time, far surpassing the comparable rates of compliance for movies, DVDs, or music CDs rated for a mature audience.
What's more, says Vance...


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University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston researchers have developed a powerful visual analytical approach to explore genetic data, enabling scientists to identify novel patterns of information that could be crucial to human health.
The method, which combines three different "bipartite visual representations" of genetic information, is described in an article to appear in the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. The work won a distinguished paper award when it was presented at the AMIA Summit on Translational Bioinformatics in March 2012.
In the paper, the authors use their technique to analyze data on genetic alterations in humans known as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs. Among other things, the frequencies of particular SNPs are associated with an individual's ancestral origins; for the study, the researchers chose to examine SNP data from 60 individuals from Nigeria and 60 individuals from Utah.
"We selected SNPs that we already knew differentiated between the two groups, and then showed that our method can reveal more about the data than traditional methods," said UTMB associate professor Suresh Bhavnani, lead author on the JAMIA paper and a member of UTMB's Institute for Translational Sciences. "This is a fresh way of looking at genetic data, a methodological contribution that we believe can help biologists and clinicians make better sense of a variety of biomarkers."
Like many kinds of biomedical data, Bhavnani said, datasets describing individuals and their SNPs are particularly suited to visual representations that are bipartite: that is, they simultaneously present two different classes of data. In the case of the Utah-Nigeria SNP data, Bhavnani and his colleagues started with what is known as a bipartite network visualization an intricate computer-generated arrangement of colored dots and black, gray and white lines.
"In the bipartite network you see both the i
|Contact: Jim Kelly
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston


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OTTAWA — The Putnam County Health Department will bill private insurance for childhood immunization vaccines rather than providing the vaccines for free.
The health department is purchasing vaccines from a private manufacturer. In the past, the vaccines were provided from the state at no charge.
Dr. Mary Ann Meyers, health commissioner, said it is important for both children and adults to be vaccinated so they can be healthy and safe. She said providing vaccines at a low cost continues to be a priority.
The health department will continue to be a Vaccines for Children provider, a federally funded program to pay for vaccines for children on Medicaid, who are uninsured, who have insurance that doesn't cover vaccines, or who are American Indian or Alaskan Native.
The department can bill for immunizations with Aetna, Anthem, Front Path, Medical Mutual, NGS Core Source, Ohio Health Choice/Ohio PPO Connect and United Health Care. The client needs to bring a copy of his or her insurance card when getting a vaccine.
If a client does not have any of the above insurance providers, the department will require the client to pay for the immunization at the appointment and will give the client a receipt to submit to insurance.
The health department offers vaccines every Tuesday from 9 to 11:30 a.m. and 1 to 4 p.m. by appointment, with extended hours on the second and fourth Tuesdays of the month until 6 p.m. The department also offers appointments on the fourth Wednesday of the month from 9 to 11:45 a.m. To make an appointment on another day, a client has to make an individual appointment with a nurse at the department.
To make an appointment or for information, call 419-523-5608 or go to http://putnamhealth.com. The health department is located at 256 Williamstown Road.


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Faculty & Staff Directory
Department of Construction Management Faculty and Staff
Mr. Travis Chapin
Position: Chair/Associate Professor
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-2837
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: 126B Technology Building
What I Do
As Chair of the Construction Management, I teach various construction classes and am the primary contact to the outside world whether it is perspective students or the construction industry. Our department is very closely connected with the industry through our required co-op program and classroom interaction with construction professionals. Upon graduation our students enter their work world knowing that they belong.
I received my Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Purdue in 1972 and returned after 15 years in the construction industry to get my Masters once again in Civil Engineering in 1989. I have been teaching here at BGSU ever since.
Research Interests
My construction experience was in Heavy / Highway Construction. Therefore my research interests are in this field with particular interest in concrete construction. I am very happy to work with undergraduate or graduate students with their research interest particularly when the topic can clearly enhance their professional career. If a student wants to investigate a "crazy" idea whether it is for a cooperative education experience or a research topic, I am generally receptive to the discussion.
About Me
Home for me and my construction experience is Norwalk, Ohio. The family company mainly did concrete pavements throughout the eastern United States. Highly specialized involving a big investment in paving equipment. As a result I am well connected with the construction industry and enjoy networking students with potential employers. Your job search begins when you walk into your first construction class. On a personal note I have two grandchildren in Montana, enjoy hunting (I got my deer this year) and the outdoors, and live just outside of BG with my wife and two dogs.
Dr. Alan Atalah
Position: Associate Dean/Associate Professor
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-8354
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: 217 Technology Building
What I Do
I am the Associate Dean for Graduate Affairs and the graduate coordinator for the construction management department. I teach construction management courses such as Estimating and Bidding Strategy, Engineering Economics, Negotiations in the Engineering Environment, Contractual Disputes Avoidance and Resolution, and Trenchless Technology Construction.
Doctor of Engineering - Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering specialization from Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA; Mar 1998
Master of Business Administration from Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA; May 1996
Master of Science in Civil Engineering with Construction Engineering specialization from Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA; Nov 1991
Graduate Diploma in Construction Management from Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Jun 1990
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Jun 1982
Research Interests
My interests are in areas of construction management, trenchless technology, and geotechnical engineering. In construction management, my interests are in planning and scheduling, computer applications in construction, productivity improvement, resources management, temporary structures, construction equipment selection and planning, contract administration, claims analysis, cost estimating, financial management, and project feasibility. In geotechnical engineering, my interests are in soil mechanics, shoring structures, shallow and deep foundation design, and construction dewatering. In trenchless technology, my interests are in tunneling, pipe jacking and microtunneling, pipe bursting, horizontal directional drilling, and pipeline rehabilitation.
About Me
I have been involved in the construction of water and wastewater projects for more than 29 years of; 22 years of which were in trenchless technology construction. I earned a Doctor of Engineering, Master of Science in Civil Engineering, and Master of Business Administration degrees from Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana. I have made hundreds of trenchless technology and construction management presentations in many national conferences and educational seminars.
Sherry Pickerel
Position: Secretary
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-5439
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: 126A Technology Building
Mr. Joseph Lavalette
Position: Lecturer
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-7596
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: 125A Technology Building
What I Do
As a Lecturer in the Construction Management Department, I teach the Structures, Construction Layout and Residential Construction courses.
The academic foundation for my career as an engineer, residential contractor and instructor is a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Master of Science in Civil Engineering and an ABD in Engineering Systems.
About Me
My practical experience has covered a broad spectrum, which includes designer, officer and founding partner in various Engineering Consultant firms, owner of a residential construction company and an instructor in both the College of Engineering at The University of Toledo and the Department of Construction Management at Bowling Green State University. Having enjoyed professional careers in both the design and consulting arenas has enabled me to bring a unique blend of expertise to the classroom. The students are exposed to the theoretical along with practical side of the construction process. Over the years, I have been fortunate enough to develop relationships with many design and construction professionals. These contacts are available to the students to assist in their own professional development, through networking opportunities. My academic motivation is to be an effective catalyst in the life of my students by providing guidance in the development of a sound, responsible thought process coupled with strong organizational and time management skills. AND of course technical expertise!
Dr. Wilfred Roudebush
Position: Interim Chair/Associate Professor
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-8275
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: 211 Technology Building
Ph.D., Architecture, College of Architecture, University of Florida, 1992
M.S. Architectural Engineering, Construction Management, University of Kansas, 1982
Bachelor of Architecture, Kent State University, 1973
Dr. Charles Wayne Unsell
Position: Professor
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-6779
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: 127C Technology Building
What I Do
I teach in the Department of Construction Management. This is my major responsibility. I also serve as advisor to approximately 40 CM students, work with graduate students on research projects, and serve on various committees in the college. My primary teaching responsibility is with the following courses : Construction Materials, Estimating and Cost Control,HVAC, and a grad course Data Analysis and Decision Making.
University of Toledo, PhD Engineering Science (Civil Engineering)
University of Oklahoma, MS Civil Engineering
Oklahoma State University, BS Civil Engineering
Research Interests
I am currently working on the integration of alternative/renewable energy in the HVAC class and the establishment of a renewable energy learning center in the college. I enjoy working with construction materials and industry in applied research projects which provide companies with an improved product that will allow them to be more competitive.
About Me
My first full time position was as an officer in the US Navy Civil Engineer Corps, responsible for design and construction at the Marine Corps Air Station and Naval Hospital,Marine Corps Base Quantico, VA. As a licensed professional engineer, I have also owned 2 engineering consulting companies that provided geotechnical, geoenvironmental, and construction services in civil projects. My interests include biking, swimming, backpacking out west, and walking my 2 dogs.
Dr. Ghada Gad
Position: Assistant Professor
Department of Construction Management
Phone: 419-372-5437
Email: email@example.com
Address: 125B Technology Building
I teach courses in the areas of construction management. Currently, I am teaching construction scheduling (CONS 4420) and construction contracting (CONS 4400).
Doctorate of Philosophy, Construction Engineering, Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University (ISU), USA, May 2012
Master of Science, Construction Engineering, Architectural and Construction Engineering, American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt, February 2009
Construction Engineering Management Diploma, AUC, Egypt, February 2004
Bachelor of Science, Construction Engineering, AUC, Egypt, February 2003
My research interests are in the areas of construction management, especially human factors effect on construction projects, alternative project delivery methods, and risk management in construction projects. My Ph.D. research focused on international construction contracts where I was investigating the effect of culture, risk, and trust on choice of dispute resolution methods (DRM). I have been working on various transportation-related research projects such as NCHRP "Alternative Technical Concepts" project and Minnesota Department of Transportation "Risk-based Estimating" project. I have also worked in construction materials research where I was focusing on self-healing as a mechanism to repair concrete, and its performance compared to conventional concrete repair mechanisms as fiber reinforced polymers injection and epoxy resin.
I have worked as Contract Administrator in one of the leading consulting companies (a Bechtel subsidiary) in the power plant industry in Egypt. I administered multiple contracts of complexity and cost in excess of $10M including review and monitoring of commercial and technical submittals and contract changes for commercial impacts. This is in addition to the preparation, negotiation, and coordination of contracts. I also worked as a project coordinator for a cladding subcontractor on the Cairo International Airport Terminal 3 project; this is in addition to working in construction projects' scheduling and estimating on other construction projects.
Lisa Schaller
Position: Construction Management


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(Science: zoology) a new zealand parrot of the genus nestor, especially the brown parrot (nestor meridionalis).
The mountain kaka, or kea (N. Notabilis), is remarkable for having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage. Night kaka.
(Science: zoology) The kakapo.
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Sold Out $13.29
Trapiche Oak Cask Malbec 2009
Malbec from Argentina, South America
Winemaker's Notes
The 2009 Oak Cask Malbec has an intense red color with violet hints. The wine shows sweet aromas of blackberry and plum with a touch of black pepper, an elegant touch of smoke and vanilla comes from the oak aging. There is a velevety texture, soft tannins and long finish.
Critical Acclaim
Wine Enthusiast - "Black and charred at first, with licorice, asphalt and a touch of bacon on the bouquet. The palate is soft, soupy and round, with ripe, saturated berry and fig flavors. Finishes spicy and full, with chewy tannins and ample extract.
Best Buy"
Trapiche Winery
Founded in 1883, Trapiche is one of Argentina's best-known wine brands. Located at the foothills of the Andes in Mendoza, they own more than 3000 acres of vineyards ranging from 600 meters to over 1200 meters. Chief winemaker, Daniel Pi's goal and vission is to represent the richness and diversity of Argentina's terroir. Trapiche is dedicated to creating the best Malbec wines in the world as exemplified by the winery's most successful project, The Single Vineyard Malbec Series. As a tribute to the growers' passion and dedication, the winery selects three of its best growers and bottles their wines exclusively in limited production. The result is rich, incredibly massive, terroir-driven wines, prossessing bold, powerful fruit that express passion, history and the grower's personal touch. View all Trapiche Wines
About ArgentinaView a map of Argentina wineries (ahr-jen-TEE-nah)
Notable FactsUnlike its Chilean neighbor, Argentina's vineyards are spread out around the country. The best known region is Mendoza, almost parallel to Santiago to the west. Mendoza contains the sub-regions of Maipu (pronounced MY-pu) and San Rafael. Grape-wise, the most important white is Chardonnay, making wine similar to California's style on the variety. Another fun white grape to try is Torrontes. Almost only grown in Argentina, Torrontes makes wines that are crisp, aromatic and easy-drinking. Some of the best versions of this wine come from the northern region of Salta, with very high altitude vineyards. As for the reds, Cabernet Sauvignon is the main grape for many wines leaving the country, but Malbec, the grape Argentinians like to call their own, makes very distinctive wines that are structured, dense and velvety. Many more varieties happily grow in the country, but for export, and consistent quality, these are the primary grapes.
About South AmericaRelated Links:
Young, organically farmed Carmenère at Chile's De Martino estate vineyard
Customer ReviewsSign In to Add Your Review4 }div>4 out of 5 stars
- 5 Stars: 0
- 4 Stars: 1
- 3 Stars: 0
- 2 Stars: 0
- 1 Stars: 0
1 rating, 0 with reviewsStashforce - Menasha, WI412/28/2012
- Style
- Big & Bold
Alcohol By Volume GuideMost wine ranges from 10-16% alcohol by volume. Some varietals tend to have higher (for example Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon) or lower alcohol levels (Pinot Noir and many white varietals), but there is always some variation from producer to producer. Some wine falls outside of this range, for instance Port weighs in closer to 20%, while Muscat and Riesling are usually a bit below 10%.
Wine Style Guide
Light & Fruity
- Red wines that are more fruit-forward and lighter in tannin and body.
Smooth & Supple
- Medium bodied reds that go down easy, with smooth tannins and supple fruit.
Earthy & Spicy
- Wines where earthy and/or spicy dominate the flavors – typically medium to full body.
Big & Bold
- Full bodied wines that have concentrated fruit and are higher in alcohol and/or tannins. Some need age.
- 5 Stars:


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Scenesters Movie Reviews
User reviews on Scenesters
I did not like this film and I do not recommend seeing it in the theaters. The film is way too artsy in a bad way and the plot is too confusing and too full of itself. The filmmakers tried to use satirical humor in the film but they failed at it and it just looked cheap and not smart at all. The mystery in the film is alright but I kept thinking that the film is very gimmicky and that turned me off. Overall, this film associates with the word "smug" perfectly, I hate films like that.


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Janne K. Sasser
Kentucky Recreation and Park Society Records
Eastern Kentucky University ArchivesRichmond, Kentucky 40475-3102
This collection is open for research.
[Identification of item], Kentucky Recreation and Park Society Records, 1959-1983, University Archives, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond.
3.6 cubic feet, 6,000 Items, 8 Boxes
The Kentucky Recreation and Park Society (KRPS) is a non-profit organization composed of recreation professionals that was formed in 1953. Frankfort, Kentucky was the site of the initial organization meeting. Those attending the inaugural meeting were: Dr. Earl Kaufman, Oakley Brown, Charles Figg, Julia Walker, Betsy Burke, and John Gettler. In 1954 the Board of Directors -- President, Vice President, Secretary Treasurer, three members at large, and chairpersons of all sections -- was formed and given responsibility of overseeing the society's growth and development. Any interested persons, departments, agencies, or organizations were allowed membership. It was agreed that officers and board members would serve two year terms Dr. James Pheane Ross of the University of Kentucky helped organize and supervise for many years the KRPS annual recreation workshops in which members met to share ideas and promote recreational activities.
The later part of the 1950s saw the introduction of the KRPS Newsletter publication. The Newsletter is published quarterly each February, May, August, and November and is free to members who have paid their dues. In the beginning, a Newsletter and Publication Committee was responsible for its publication; however, with the recent appointment of a part-time executive director, the responsibility for its publication has shifted to whomever holds this position.
On October 15, 1970, the KRPS gained membership in the Kentucky Municipal League. Also, in 1970, it was sent from the Midwest Region to the Southern Region of the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Total membership in 1970 stood at 103 with a record amount of $813 in the treasury.
The seventies brought about some changes. In 1974, student membership was changed from January 1 to December 31 to September 1 to August 31 to be in agreement with the scholastic year, and officers and chairpersons began serving one year terms instead of two. On October 2, 1977, at Las Vegas, Nevada, the NRPA approved the KRPS Certification Plan. This plan serves as a vehicle for the recognition of professional standards by the recreator and his/her employer. It is an objective measurement of personnel qualifications -- useful to the employer and motivating to the recreator. Its use is entirely voluntary. In 1978 total membership rose to 374 from 258 in 1977 and the budget balance rose to $8,965.51 from $6,401.76. Although through the years the Kentucky Recreation and Park Society has had trying times both with membership and financial difficulties, it has survived and is rapidly growing.
Their motto "Serving You Professionally" speaks for itself. The Society is a place where professionals can share their ideas and opinions and watch them take root and grow. It is a link for all those interested in park and recreation services and in promoting a better Kentucky.
In the spring of 1982 the Board of Directors of the Kentucky Recreation and Park Society (KRPS) voted to deposit permanently all their non-current files in the Eastern Kentucky Un~versity Archives. Several KRPS members, notably Dr. Marion Ogden of Eastern Kentucky University, were instrumental in gathering all extant records of the organization before they were deposited in the Archives. Since the Archives staff could not discern a pattern of arrangement in the records, we decided to divide the collection into two major series: Publications and Subject Unfortunately, there are numerous gaps within the records which will hamper the researcher.
We are appreciative to the Kentucky Recreation and Park Society for deciding to deposit their records for permanent preservation in the Archives.
Copyright has not been assigned to Eastern Kentucky University.
Descriotion: The Publication Series covers the period of 1961-1981. It contains one box (box 1) of materials arranged in alphabetical order by topic and chronologically within each folder. Materials consist primarily of newsletters and Kentucky Recreation and Park Society's (KRPS) official publication. Several folders show a wide range of activities. One such folder entitled LOGO represents a 1981 contest sponsored by KRPS in which contestants sent in their ideas for a new logo. Another such folder entitled miscellaneous represents different programs and activities, a few being Sports - Kentucky State, Reformatory in LaGrange, Kentucky and Senior Citizen's Day This series basically reflects the effort of KRPS officers to keep its members informed.
The Subject Series covers the period 1959-1983 It contains seven boxes (boxes 2-8) of materials that are arranged alphabetically by subject and then chronologically
The Kentucky Recreation and Park Society (KRPS) is an organization composed primarily of professionals and students whose main purpose is to promote the improvement of public recreation facilities and programming in the state of Kentucky. Their objectives are to provide educational services for the development and improvement of those interested in the field of parks and recreation while promoting a better understanding of the values and benefits of adequate park and recreational services. They cooperate with groups and organizations, such as the Kentucky Department of Parks and with city and county government recreational agencies in furthering the best interests of the park and recreation movement within the state of Kentucky. KRPS is an affiliate of the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA). They participate in many national as well as regional activities such as Southern District and Region Conferences and Council meetings. Also, on occasion, they lobby for the passing of federal as well as state bills for the betterment of parks and recreation.
The bulk of the materials in this series document the programs and policies of the KRPS. Folders on conferences and minutes of meetings provide valuable information on the growth and development of the organization. There are also some twenty-one committees headed by a chairperson which aid in conducting the organizational business. For the convenience of the members, there are five separate sections (Church, Outdoor, Public, Student, and Therapeutic Recreation) that correspond to a member's particular area of interest Usually members of these sections are professional such as in the Therapeutic Recreation Section which include people in such professions as doctors, nurses, occupational or physical therapists, but not neccessarily as in the Student Section comprised, of course, primarily of students. For research convenience, there is a special folder entitled Historical Data which lists past award recipients and officers of the organization.
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Finishing School for Pickets
This article was originally published in the August 6, 1960 issue of The Nation. We repost it today in honor of what would have been Howard Zinn's 90th birthday.
Atlanta, Ga.
One quiet afternoon some weeks ago, with the dogwood on the Spelman College campus newly bloomed and the grass close-cropped and fragrant, an attractive, tawny-skinned girl crossed the lawn to her dormitory to put a notice on the bulletin board. It read: Young Ladies Who Can Picket Please Sign Below.
The notice revealed, in its own quaint language, that within the dramatic revolt of Negro college students in the South today another phenomenon has been developing. This is the upsurge of the young, educated Negro woman against the generations-old advice of her elders: be nice, be well-mannered and ladylike, don't speak loudly, and don't get into trouble. On the campus of the nation's leading college for Negro young women--pious, sedate, encrusted with the traditions of gentility and moderation--these exhortations, for the first time, are being firmly rejected.
Spelman College girls are still "nice" but not enough to keep them from walking up and down, carrying picket signs, in front of two supermarkets in the heart of Atlanta. They are well-mannered, but this is somewhat tempered by a recent declaration that they will use every method short of violence to end segregation. As for staying out of trouble, they were doing fine until this spring, when fourteen of them were arrested and jailed by Atlanta police. The staid New England women missionaries who helped found Spelman College back in the 1880s would probably be distressed at this turn of events, and present-day conservatives in the administration and faculty are rather upset. But respectability is no longer respectable among young Negro women attending college today.
"You can always tell a Spelman girl," alumni and friends of the college have boasted for years. The "Spelman girl" walked gracefully, talked properly, went to church every Sunday, poured tea elegantly and, in general, had all the attributes of the product of a fine finishing school. If intellect and talent and social consciousness happened to develop also, they were, to an alarming extent, byproducts.
This is changing. It would be an exaggeration to say: "You can always tell a Spelman girl -- she's under arrest." But the statement has a measure of truth. Spelman girls have participated strongly in all of the major actions undertaken by students of the Atlanta University Center in recent months. They have also added a few touches of their own and made white Atlanta, long proud that its nice Negro college girls were staying "in their place," take startled notice. A few weeks ago a Spelman student, riding downtown on the bus, took a seat up front. (This is still a daring maneuver, for in spite of a court decision desegregating the buses, most Negroes stay in the rear.) The bus driver muttered something unpleasant, and a white woman sitting near by waved her hand and said, "Oh, she's prob'ly goin' downtown to start another one o' them demonstrations."
The reputedly sweet and gentle Spelman girls were causing trouble even before the recent wave of sit-ins cracked the wall of legalism in the structure of desegregation strategy. Three years ago, they aroused the somnolent Georgia Legislature into near-panic by attempting to sit in the white section of the gallery. They were finally shunted into the colored area, but returned for the next legislative session. This time they refused to sit segregated and remained on their feet, in a pioneering show of nonviolent resistance, until ordered out of the chamber.
The massive, twelve-foot stone wall, barbed-wire fence and magnolia trees that encircle the Spelman campus have always formed a kind of chastity belt around the student body, not only confining young women to a semi-monastic life in order to uphold the ruling matriarchs' conception of Christian morality, but "protecting" the students from contact with the cruel outside world of segregation. Inside the domain of the Atlanta University Center, with its interracial faculty, occasional white students and frequent white visitors, there flourished a microcosm of the future, where racial barriers did not exist and one could almost forget this was the deep South. But this insulation, while protecting the University Center's island of integration, also kept the city of Atlanta for many years from feeling the barbed resentment of Negro students against segregation. Spelman girls, more sheltered than women at the other colleges, were among the first to leave the island and to begin causing little flurries of alarm in the segregated world outside.


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The competition is stiff! But Chocolate City's Robert Ri'chard was up for the challenge when he signed on to the Magic Mike-inspired flick. PHOTOS: The men of Magic Mike "I haven&r ...More »
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Josh Duggar's investigation record was destroyed by Arkansas police on Thursday, May 21, after ...More »
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Posted 08 June 2013 - 17:09
Posted 08 June 2013 - 17:29
Posted 08 June 2013 - 21:21
The digital field guides are a great reference for learning camera settings, and really handy to keep in your camera bag
http://froknowsphoto.com/ is a great site for getting off of auto on nikon cameras too, you have to pay for the video guides but they are good value.
Kudos for trying to branch out of Auto, you will find that your photography will be so much better.
As a starting point, I would learn what Aperture does and then stick on A mode. See the different effects by shooting wide open, in the middle, and almost closed. Changing the aperture in A mode allows a degree of control whilst letting the camera do the rest of the settings.
Similarly, S mode for shutter speed, practice with that, and let the camera do the rest.
Finally, manual mode where you can start pulling all this together and dialling them all in yourself.
Whilst I am happy in manual mode, I actually shoot in Aperture priority mode most of the time as I find it is only aperture I want to change most often with my type of shooting.
Let us see some results, if you have questions do feel free to ask and i'll do my best to help. It saddens me when people use DSLRs and keep it in automatic mode so I love seeing people branch out
Posted 08 June 2013 - 22:56
Posted 08 June 2013 - 23:46
Posted 09 June 2013 - 00:40
Posted 09 June 2013 - 08:49
Posted 21 June 2013 - 18:55
See comment on this photo: http://www.flickr.co...ine/9058662073/
Also, shoot in RAW if you do not already, gives you A LOT more flexibility when editing in Lightroom afterwards (if you do that)


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This demographic potential offers India a great edge for economic growth in the future
Every third person in an Indian city today is a youth. In about seven years, the median individual in India will be 29 years, very likely a city-dweller, making it the youngest country in the world. India is set to experience a dynamic transformation as the population burden of the past turns into a demographic dividend, but the benefits will be tempered with social and spatial inequalities.
These are some of the findings of the 'State of the Urban Youth, India 2012: Employment, Livelihoods, Skills,' a report published by IRIS Knowledge Foundation in collaboration with UN-HABITAT.
A closer analysis of the urban youth suggests that greater political participation, engagement at a policy level and urgent attention to improving their quality of life can ensure that India enjoys the benefits of this dividend.
The report traces the incredible rise – and the eventual decline – of this cohort in India. The population in the age-group of 15-34 increased from 353 million in 2001 to 430 million in 2011. Current predictions suggest a steady increase in the youth population to 464 million by 2021 and finally a decline to 458 million by 2026.
By 2020, India is set to become the world's youngest country with 64 per cent of its population in the working age group. With the West, Japan and even China aging, this demographic potential offers India and its growing economy an unprecedented edge that economists believe could add a significant 2 per cent to the GDP growth rate.
But the report suggests urban spaces have not necessarily aided the quality of life enjoyed by Indian youth.
Quality of life not so great
A telling sign: one-fifth of the Indian urban population lives on less than a dollar a day. Additionally, the report finds that while income levels in cities may appear to be higher, the cost of living is also constantly increasing, resulting in shrinking savings, inadequate access to health care and lack of quality education. Maternal mortality remains the 'top cause of death among young women.' Also, more than half of young urban women are anaemic.


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PORTLAND -- A warm, sunny Monday kicks off the workweek in the Portland metro area, with a high temperature in the 70s, KGW Meteorologist Nick Allard said.
In fact, it should be the warmest day of the year today in Portland with temps hitting around 73 degrees, he said.
Day planner | Forecast | Weather Cams
The next few days won't be quite as warm, but should stay mostly dry in the metro area, aside from light rain Tuesday night.
The rest of the week looks pretty consistent with partly to mostly sunny skies in the 60s, Allard said.
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Learn the essentials
Our how-to videos will teach you everything you need to know to get started with Skype.
Skype Credit is a very convenient and easy way to pay for Skype features and services that are not free. You can use it to make calls to mobiles and landlines, and send SMS text messages, all at Skype's low rates.
When your Skype Credit runs out, you can simply purchase some more if you need to. You're not committed to anything.
You can also use your Skype Credit to purchase Skype products, such as subscriptions and Skype Numbers.* You can even use your Skype Credit to connect to the internet using Skype WiFi at available public WiFi hotspots around the world.
Note: Skype Credit is not supported to purchase Skype products in Japan.
Buying a subscription or Skype Number using your Skype Credit is easy. Simply start the purchasing process of a subscription or Skype Number and follow the instructions. When you need to choose a payment method, select the Skype Credit icon . Complete the purchase and the total will be taken from your Skype Credit balance.
* Unfortunately, you can't use your Skype Credit to purchase a Skype Number in Japan.
Our how-to videos will teach you everything you need to know to get started with Skype.


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Lancome Artliner (All colors)
440 reviews
80% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.3
Price: $$$$
Package Quality: 4.3
Price: $$$$
on 4/23/2009 2:38:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
I'll keep this short. For almost $30, you get very little product. I mean VERY little product. It takes forever to dry. Tends to flake. Nice applicator, but I like L'oreal's telescopic eyeliner better. There is no way that I will repurchase. For this price, the liner better be AMAZING. This...is not.
on 4/20/2009 4:37:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
For a high end liquid eyeliner this one has some good and bad points. Recently, I decided to give Lancome's Artliner in Noir a try after my current liquid eyeliner from Chanel finished. I currently use both liquid eyeliner and gel liners from some of the other brands. I love to use liquid liners when I'm in a hurry and for days when I don't have time to put my full face of make-up on before I go to work and I will carry my eyeliner, mascara and lip products in my purse and apply them on once I arrive at my workplace. The pros of Lancome's Artliner in Noir is that the colour is not a flat black but has some sheen and slight shimmer. I didn't experience any flaking and the product stayed put on my oily lids. The problems I have with this product is the fact that the felt tip applicator is a bit too thick and I wish it was a bit more smaller. I have to be careful when applying the eyeliner because the line can go on too thick. Another big turn off for me is the amount of product in the tube. This retails in Canada, for about $36.00 and you only get 1.7 mls in the tube. I know this is going to run out quickly and even Chanel's Liquid eyeliner (Ligne Extreme) has more product. You get 4-5 mls in the Chanel tube and plus the applicator tip is better and Chanel's liquid eyeliner dries so much faster.
Another liquid liner that's great is L'Oreal's Lineur Intense in Black. Artliner is one product I will not repurchase, especially when I know there are better and more affordable eyeliners on the market.
on 4/11/2009 6:05:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Other, Dark, Warm
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
My favorite eyeliner hands-down! I've tried many, many others, hoping to find something that works just as well for less $$$. I've tried pencils, gels, and other liquids-this it it. This is the only product that I can make a perfect winged eyeliner with.
on 3/26/2009 4:33:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I used Lancome's Artliner liquid eyeliner for about 5 years. My mom, who's been using Lancome for years and years, bought it for me when I first started wearing makeup. Looking back now, I wonder, what the heck was my mom thinking buying me such expensive makeup to play around with? But I'm definitely grateful nonetheless. I thought it was the best stuff in the world even though I didn't have anything else to compare it to. I just knew that it was easy to apply, and made my eyes look pretty! Anyways, about a year ago I stopped buying Artliner and started experimenting with other brands. I realized that there were much better eyeliners out there for 3/4 the price.
What I really love about Artliner is the applicator. It's nice and long, which helps in achieving a beautiful straight line. The thing that I hate and can't stand about it is that it flakes like a mofo! I'm horrible with liquid liner, so I always go over my original line one more time before I'm satisfied. On rare occasions when I can get a perfect line the first time, it's fine. No flaking. Love the applicator, hate the price and flakeyness. Will repurchase when I master the art of applying liquid eyeliner perfectly with one stroke!
on 3/21/2009 12:03:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love this, this does not flake and it's easy to use. Creme, pencil, gel, cake eyeliners don't work for me. Only liquid stays on my lids.
The black unfortunately does not look good on me. Maybe it's because my hair is not actually black so it looks harsh. Brown works for me the best. Will repurchase for sure.
Note: only the black is available in some asian countries.
on 3/7/2009 2:13:00 AM
Age: Unknown
Skin: Other, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
I bought the olive color. Very easy to use, lasts well, and very pretty.
on 2/27/2009 11:20:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Oily, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This is my first 1 star product on MUA...I bought it because of all the good reviews and that I need something to bring my total purchase to the GWP threshold. Duh! First I can't use the foam tip at all, the line is too thick and not easy to control at all. Secondly, it irritates my eyes like crazy! I just got a bit into my right eye and wonder if I should go see a doctor. Yes, it's that serious. And I didn't do anything wrong, the bit just somehow got into my eye when I closed my eyelids.
on 2/23/2009 2:03:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Acne-prone, Olive, Warm
Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I love this eyeliner! I actually bought it on a sale and I got it for only £5.00!! I was a bit skeptical at first because I heard about it but it was only £5.00 so I thought I'd buy it. I'm so glad I did!!
It glides on smoothly, its pigmented and doesn't fade/flake! Its easy use, I highly recommend it to beginers trying out liquid eyeliners. This is pricey but totally worth it. I have previously used maybelline express liner for 2 years because its affordable but it totally sucks compared to lancome.. it is drugstore after all..
on 2/7/2009 6:08:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I absolutely LOVE this, it's the best liquid eyeliner I've ever tried. Suprisingly easy to apply so I would recommend it to anyone. Definitely try this one before you decide that liquid is not for you! The only downside is that it is kind of pricey, but I will keep buying it until i find something that is just as great. :)
on 2/7/2009 2:14:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
Hands down the best liquid liner ever made. Great for beginners I stole my moms ice plum as a kid and learned how to apply liner in a fluid line because the applicator is so easy to use. I use the brown and I can switch to either day or night by utilizing the graduated applicator to control line thickness. Noir is also a great shade I will never use a black pencil again.
Popular Eyeliners


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Curly Kinks
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Join Date: Jan 2008
Posts: 9,932
Thursday, January 5, 2012 at 08:41PM
I took the products with me to the salon yesterday when I got my haircut/highlight. My stylist LOVED the smell, so I left what I brought with him (he's a good friend.) I can't understand what's not to like. I really love the scent, too. That's why they make chocolate and vanilla.
My thought is to take an EO and mix it in. I'd try a little bit to start (maybe to a small amount) and see if that works. I think most scents would go with the "vanilla" scent of the products. You could do lavender or lemongrass.
3a (Corkicelli), highlighted, fine, low porosity
HGs: Anything Sevi; Curly Kinks Satin Roots, Curlycue ReNew and Coil Jam; homemade FSG and okra gel; soap bars; UFD Curly Magic (now Hello Curly Curl Stimulater); Botanical Spirits Jellies, CJ Repair Me, Aloe Fix


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Secret shortcuts
iPhone DIY Repair
The Pixel Project
Mac must read!
When enough is enough
Mastering Apple Watch
Update time!
Pool Time!
iOS 9 wish list
At The Core
Texture your text
Decided to get a brand new iPhone 5 but not sure which storage capacity to get? 16GB, 32GB, and 64GB all have their pros and cons, so it's important to weigh all the options carefully and get the very best price/performance ration for you.
More →
So you know you're getting an iPhone 4S, and you've chosen which carrier to get it on, now you need to decide which storage capacity you wish -- 16GB, 32GB, or 64GB?
No problem. Let's break it down, shall we?
Vodafone Germany appears to have jumped the gun by listing various new iPhone models as compatible with certain accessories, including iPhone 4 8GB models in Black and White as well as iPhone 4S Black and White models in 16GB, 32GB and even 64GB flavors.
9to5Mac's Mr. X claims that not only has the iPhone 4S begun appearing in Apple's internal inventory system, but that it's appearing in 3 capacities. For the last couple of years, Apple has only offered 16GB and 32GB iPhones, with the previous year's model going the budget 8GB size. Could iPhone 4S once again raise the storage stakes to a full 64GB?
Here we go again, another day another iPhone 5 rumor. This time, 9to5 Mac has received an alleged screen capture from KT's (Korea Telecom) internal stock inventory system. The screen shot clearly shows SKU's (stock-keeping units) for AIP5 which we assume stands for Apple iPhone 5 followed by a number.
MIC Gadget, the folks who brought you the Steve Jobs action figure, have gotten their hands on what might have been a 64GB iPhone 4 prototype leaked from the factories of Foxconn. Whether or not Apple was testing a 64GB iPhone 4 for potential release and whether or not they'll provide a 64GB option for iPhone 5 this summer is unknown.
Would you want it?
[MIC Gadget via 9to5Mac]
It was bound to happen, but with Toshiba announcing that it's managed to cram 64GB of NAND flash memory onto a single chip, we can now officially start the rumors of a 64GB iPhone and 128GB iPod touch... perhaps as soon as next year's 4th generation models if prices get low enough fast enough.
The iPod touch doesn't have to worry about all the phone-related radios, and so has double the slots for memory, so it will likely always get twice as much storage as the iPhone, and at 128GB might Apple finally retire the veteran (and last) hard drive-based iPod classic?
"Inside Steve's Brain" author Leander Kahney of Wired magazine is reporting a programmer source inside a major software house has revealed that the next generation iPhone 3G will thinner -- we're talking Paris Hilton thinner -- by a whopping 22%.
Not only that, it will sport better battery life than the already impressive 8 hours talk time of the first gen model, and twice the NAND flash capacity, topping out at 32GB. (Paving the way for 64GB iPod Touch's?)
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Invest a little time in your future
Life never stands still, so it's good to get advice as and when your financial goals and priorities change. The best advice is the advice that helps you reach the results you want. That's why we've teamed up with Legal & General - one of the UK's leading financial services companies - to give clear and straightforward financial advice.
Just to be aware, Legal & General offer a 'restricted advice' service, which means that they can only offer products and services from Legal & General and selected fund managers.