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A method and device for setting up a virtual electronic teaching system with individual interactive communication is proposed. Various methods and devices for carrying out tele-teaching or e-learning sessions have been previously suggested. These methods and devices are improved in such a manner that work stations that can be freely interlinked and individual interactive communication can be set up at low cost. Towards this end, a telecommunication network is used that comprises a main distribution frame linked with an exchange (VST). An access multiplexer and/or a splitter are connected to the main distribution frame or are integrated into the main distribution frame. analog or digital telecommunication systems (TE) are connected via an interface circuit (SS). When the connection is set up, at the transmitter end, the kind of connection available to the interface circuit (SS) is determined. A stored test information is transmitted to the remote station and a receipt, received from the remote station in the return direction, is evaluated, wherein the bandwidth available on the telecommunication system (TE) is tested. The system is particularly useful in the field of electronic teaching.
1. A method for establishing a connection between a virtual electronic teaching system having a central content-server for an e-learning or tele-teaching event and a workstation of a person participating in the e-learning or tele-teaching event utilizing a telecommunication network having a main distribution connected to an exchange with an access multiplexer and a splitter or a splitter connected to or integrated in the main distribution and an analog or digital telecommunication device, the method comprising:
connecting an interface circuit to the telecommunication device or to the workstation, the interface circuit including a memory unit and a microprocessor;
registering the interface circuit to the content-server by means of a log-in procedure stored in the memory unit, the interface circuit registering vicariously for the telecommunications device;
establishing a connection between the interface circuit and the content-server vicarious for the telecommunication device connected to said main distribution via a subscriber line or subscriber modem and splitter or a network termination and subscriber lines;
determining a type of connection pending on the communications interface of the interface circuit;
transmitting at least one stored test signal from the memory unit of the interface circuit to the content-server;
evaluating an acknowledgement received by the interface circuit from the content-server in response to the test signal;
testing at least a bandwidth available to the telecommunication device using the interface circuit,
testing all available protocols in communication with said content-server using the interface circuit as the content-server adjusts itself,
adjusting the interface circuit to a protocol proposed by the content-server, and
preventing "time out"-problems by emitting a message from the interface circuit confirming the complete reception of an image file from the content-server such that said workstation remains connected to said e-learning or tele-teaching event including during periods when broadband transmission is not possible.
2. The method of
3. The method of
storing an access authorization in said memory unit of the interface circuit to secure establishment of the connection and to prevent unauthorized access, and
recording the log-in procedure.
4. A virtual electronic teaching system, comprising:
a central content-server for an e-learning or tele-teaching event;
a workstation of a person participating in the e-learning or tele-teaching event;
a telecommunication network connected to said content-server, the telecommunication network including a main distribution connected to an exchange and an access multiplexer and a splitter or a splitter connected to or integrated in the main distribution;
an analog or digital telecommunication device; and
an interface circuit connected to the telecommunication device, the interface circuit having a memory unit and a microprocessor,
wherein a first end of said interface circuit is connected to the main distribution via a subscriber circuit or a subscriber modem and a splitter or a network termination or subscriber lines and a second end of said interface circuit is connected to said workstation, and
wherein the interface circuit is connected via at least a standardized interface vicarious for said telecommunication device and registers itself to said content-server by means of a log-in procedure stored in the memory unit, and automatically tests at least a bandwidth available to the telecommunication device and all available protocols in communication with said content-server as a remote station and adjusts itself to a protocol proposed by said remote station by transmitting at least one test signal stored in the memory unit to said content-server so that said interface circuit prevents "time out"-problems by indicating the complete reception of an image file such that said workstation remains connected to said e-learning or tele-teaching event including during periods when broadband transmission is not possible.
5. The virtual electronic teaching system of
6. The virtual electronic teaching system of
7. The virtual electronic teaching system of
8. The virtual electronic teaching system of
9. The virtual electronic teaching system of
10. The virtual electronic teaching system of
11. The virtual electronic teaching system of
12. The virtual electronic teaching system of
13. The virtual electronic teaching system of
This application is the national stage of PCT/EP2004/009303 filed on Aug. 19, 2004 and claims Paris Convention priority of DE 103 39 436.2 filed Aug. 24, 2003.
The present invention primarily concerns a method for setting up a virtual electronic teaching system with individual interactive communication. Furthermore, the present invention concerns device for setting up a virtual electronic teaching system for implementation of the method.
The areas of e-learning, tele-teaching and remote-training, as well as areas of internal training and further education, training of service units, etc., are generally defined by the fact that users from very different educational backgrounds and with varying technical equipment (computers and periphery) come together for a defined time in defined teaching events.
The majority of connections to the Internet or to other data services is established by means of modems via telephone cable, i.e. a double copper conductor (so-called a/b pair or subscriber line), which originally was intended for the purpose of voice transmissions from about 300 Hz to 3400 Hz (POTS). In order to guarantee the highest level of transmission security, the existing analog transmission technology is replaced to an increasing extent by digital transmission technology. For this purpose, systems working according to the standard of "Integrated Services Digital Network" (ISDN) are predominantly being used in wire communication technology.
With the aid of a frequency separating filter, for example, a splitter matrix, voice and data are separated, as a rule, by means of passive low-pass and high-pass filters and fed into the telephone wire (for example, for a DSL transmission process). The voice communications are transmitted to a classic exchange, which is referred to as a so-called PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), and the data are transmitted, after the splitter, to a DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer—a device that converts the signals from several DSL lines into a broadband channel). Therefore, it is not possible to draw a distinct separating line between conventional telecommunication networks and computer data networks here. DSL modems, being the most important element for a DSL connection, are connected to both ends of the connection line.
In the DSLAM, for example, it is possible to utilize the ADSL technology (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, an asymmetric DSL data transmission method). This is to be understood as a transmission technology that allows, at a high bandwidth, Plain Old Telephone Services (POTS) or ISDN for voice transmission, as well as asymmetric multimedia services without regenerators on the same pair of wires without disturbances. It must be asymmetric (ADSL), because in the direction from the user to the network (upstream), the transmission is relatively low-rate (for example, at approx. 800 KBit/s), and in the direction from the network to the user (downstream) it is relatively hi-rate (for example, up to approx. 8 MBit/s). Aside from the ADSL technology, other DSL technologies are in common use, as well, for example, HDSL=High Transfer rate Digital Subscriber Line, SDSL=Single Line Digital Subscriber Line, MDSL=Multirate Digital Subscriber Line, RADSL=Low Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line and VDSL=Very High Rate Digital Subscriber Line, each of which is optimized for their respective applications and which are grouped under the generic term xDSL transmission technology.
Another possibility being able to transmit continual data flow at low costs, for example, voice or video communications, are offered by packet-switched communication networks, such as LANs (Local Area Networks), MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks) or WANs (Wide Area Networks). For example, the so-called Internet telephoning is based on this technology, which is frequently also referred to as "Voice over Internet Protocol" (VoIP). The parallel operation of an audio network with a PC network in a teaching system is described, for example, in DE 42 38 848 C2. The PC network is intended for visual data transmission and is wired independently from the audio network consisting of single-board computers as well as D/A converters and A/D converters for audio transmission. A control computer installed in the central control module of the teacher controls the PC network as well as the audio network with one control program [=control software] with a common user interface for the PC network and the audio network for the coordination of the simultaneous operation of both networks. Therefore, the central control module serves the purpose of controlling a PC network as well as the audio network. The control software also includes monitoring functions. For instance, a visual display of the current operating condition of the single-board computer, the student's workstation or the student's computer on the monitor of the control computer is possible. In addition, the current progress status of work instructions or assignment texts of individual students can also be verified on the monitor of the control computer. A visual display of current operating conditions of individual components of the control module is possible, as well. The control software also handles voice connections between teacher and student. All events occurring during a lesson can be recorded and, in form of an instruction record, can either be saved automatically on the hard disk of the central control computer or printed out. Due to the uniform user interface for the PC network and the audio network, the classroom sheet is always identical in both networks.
Thus, due to the described non-homogeneity, communications take place via connections with a wide variety of bandwidths, i.e., for example, 56 KBit analogue connections or 64 KBit ISDN or DSL or—insofar as integrated in a LAN—via 100 MBit twisted pair lines, or via dial-up connections 2 MBit and better, or via dedicated lines X.25. Correspondingly, there are a multitude of known interface devices, for example:
As far as, on the one hand, contents are available on a content server, which can be accessed via the Internet, and as far as, on the other hand, communications in form of video conferencing also take place via the Internet, various different protocols must be observed in this respect. For these protocols, based on the Internet protocol (IP), no uniform standard has been established as yet. There are certain "favorites" for certain areas of application (for example, H323 for video conferencing or similar).
WO 03/046861 A1 discloses an electronic teaching system, whereas the communication between teacher and students takes place via a LAN, which is connected to a central DVB (digital video broadcasting)-receiver station with DVB-tuner/receiver, central control unit and mass storage unit. The DVB-tuner/receiver may be designed as a set-top box, which receives the DVB information and forwards this information by means of a control unit in the form of a PC (personal computer) via the LAN to the computer of the teacher. The central DVB-receiver station, with appropriate authorization, can also access certain services from the DVB-service provider via a downward channel of the telecommunication network.
Furthermore, WO 03/026248 A1 discloses an electronic teaching system, whereas the communication between student and teacher is managed via subscriber lines by a central control device (there referred to as OLMS, Open Learning Management System). A database with a control device (there referred to as LMS, Learning Management System) is connected to the central control device, which prevents unauthorized access to programs and data and corresponding to learning progress controls access to teaching contents.
Similar designs of an electronic teaching system with access corresponding to learning progress and communication via Internet are known from WO 02/37697 A2 or from WO 02/075694 A1.
Finally, WO 02/097654 A1 discloses an electronic teaching system, whereas the profile of a student is centrally stored, whereas the profile, aside from learning progress, also includes information on the technical equipment of the student including bandwidth limitations of the subscriber line. This bandwidth limitation can be specified by the student or by the system administrator for a group of students.
The situation described here has resulted in the fact that e-learning and tele-teaching, in spite of the sensible approach of making the didactic skills and knowledge of lecturers available to a wider audience outside the classrooms and lecture halls, as well as also making elaborately prepared instructions materials available to a larger group of users, has not been able to gain acceptance on a broader base.
Previously available, predominantly exclusively software-based solutions, required a relatively high level of homogeneity with regard to technical equipment and bandwidth available to subscribers and, in addition, assumed that the corresponding software could be installed for this purpose on the equipment used by the persons participating in tele-teaching or e-learning events.
Due to the above-mentioned time-limitations of these events, but also, in part, due to organizational problems (changes in the EDP-structure within an organization), these requirements for homogeneity could only be fulfilled with difficulty or not at all. In this respect, it is exactly the possibility of being able to attend a time-limited dedicated teaching event where the actual benefit of e-learning and tele-teaching lies, in contrast to the necessity of being present during certain time periods.
The above discussion of prior art acknowledges differently designed methods and devices for the implementation of tele-teaching or e-learning events are known. For this purpose, computer networks or network connectivity usually requires special hardware and software components with a number of expensive devices specially designed for communications, such as communication servers for the connection to another network (public data network, another LAN or host system), or a file server, which administrates data and makes these available to users in the network, as well as corresponding network access protocols, for example, CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection), Token-Passing (bit pattern as authorization mark) or TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). However, little attention was paid to the user group of students and their existing equipment. That is why there is a lack of practical, cost effective e-Learning and tele-teaching systems, which would assure individual, in particular automatically adaptable, interactive communications. This is of particular significance, because the telecommunications and computer industry must be viewed as extremely progressive and development-friendly industries, which quickly take up improvements and simplifications and put them into realization.
The aim of the invention is to improve the generic methods/devices in such a manner that workstations that can be freely interlinked and that allow for individual interactive communication can be set up at low costs.
This object is achieved by a method for the establishment of a virtual electronic teaching system with the use of a telecommunication network with a main distributing frame connected to an exchange, in which an access multiplexer and/or splitter are connecter or integrated in the main distribution, with analog or digital telecommunication devices and with an interface circuit connectable to one of these devices, which on the one hand, is connected via a subscribe line circuit or a subscriber modem and splitter or a network termination and subscriber lines to the main distribution and, on the other hand, to the workstation of the person participating in the e-Learning or tele-teaching event the inventive method comprising the following steps:
Testing of the bandwidth available at a telecommunication device as such is well known. For example, a facsimile device is known from DE 197 13 946 A1, which is able to increase the efficiency and reliability of communications by determining, based on a retransmission condition or conditions which are known through a transmission station or receiving station, whether or not the transmission rate must be reduced and a retransmission is continued. Moreover, the facsimile device is able to reduce the transmission rate appropriately in order to reduce errors and improve the efficiency and reliability of communications. For this purpose, the facsimile device is equipped with a modem, which is able to determine the transfer rate for image data communication in compliance with the transmission quality of a communication circuit or line. Further to that, the facsimile device uses a protocol that enables the transmitter side or the receiver side to perform a decrease procedure to reduce the transfer rate at the start of a control channel used to enable the transmitter side and the receiver side to exchange control signals. The control signals comprise an error frame retransmission function and follow a primary channel that is allocated to a data communication. Specifically, the facsimile device is equipped with a transfer rate detection function in order to detect the transfer rate at the time of the retransmission of an error frame, a counter function for counting the number of retransmission processes taking place at the same transfer rate, a determination function in order to determine whether or not the retransmission processes which took place at the same transfer rate have been repeated at a frequency corresponding to a pre-selectable number, and a control function to execute the decrease process, if the retransmission processes at the same transfer rate has been repeated corresponding to the pre-selectable number of times. Moreover, a frame quantity detection function is planned, in order to detect the number of frames every time error frames are retransmitted. Based on a G3 standard transmission control process, the facsimile device is equipped with a switching condition monitoring function, in order to monitor a switching condition or a line condition during an acknowledgment or during the reception of image data, as well as a date change request function. In this way, the receiving side can be prompted to transmit a signal following or during the reception of a page of image data, which serves the purpose of requesting a decrease or increase of the transmission rate on the basis of switching conditions or line conditions, which are being monitored by the switching condition monitoring function. Specifically, the switching condition monitoring function monitors the switching condition or line condition in terms of the EQM-value, and the rate change request function request a rate decrease when the EQM-value increases, and requests a rate increase when the EQM-value decreases. Finally, the facsimile device features a table, which lists the EQM-values and transmission rates in a ratio of one-to-one.
Furthermore, DE 101 13 196 A1 discloses a method and device for transfer rate collection for serial multiple speed imbedding clock pulse receivers. In order to collect two or more different transfer rates in stable fashion simply and automatically, the first process initially uses a statistical check of signal edge placement and timer characteristics of the incoming data flow, followed by the identification of a signature, which is allocated to the signal edge characteristics, on the basis of signal edge characteristics, and finally, a determination of the transfer rate with which the data flow is transmitted, on the basis of the identified signature. An alternative inventive method comprises the following steps:
The system comprises a new phase comparator, which is configured to receive a data flow transmitted at high speed and emits a message each time the data flow contains a data transition. A voltage-controlled oscillator is connected to the phase comparator and supplies a clock pulse signal with clock pulse edges. The clock pulse signal is locked to the data flow. A transfer rate recording circuit is connected to the phase comparator and receives a series of pulses, which are emitted by the phase comparator. The data recording circuit determines the transfer rate on the basis of received pulses. Specifically, the data recording circuit comprises an edge ration detection circuit and a threshold circuit, in order to determine the transfer rate on the basis of the transition density of the data flow over a given period of time.
Furthermore, DE 199 59 179 A1 discloses a method for the dynamic change of transfer rate adaptation factors in a radio communication system. To improve the accuracy of transfer rate adaptation factors, one or more of the transfer rate adaptation factors are determined service-specific, the data to be transmitted are processed according to the determined transfer rate adaptation factor and entered in a transmission frame, and during the transmission the transfer rate adaptation factors are continually determined and updated. In this process, the adaptation takes place by means of an additional control loop by way of dynamic variation of the transfer rate adaptation factors. For this purpose, a transport channel transmitting a bit and/or block error rate is checked by the receiving or transmitting radio station and, in case of excessive deviation from a target value, a correction of the respective transfer rate adaptation factor is initiated.
Finally, DE 296 23 893 U1 discloses an initialization protocol for adaptive transfer rates and the associated transceiver, in particular for communications between two Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) modems. To support the adaptation of transfer rates without a restart, i.e. without renewed execution of all previously executed identification and initialization steps, the initialization protocol contains a first phase (PROPOSAL), in which a first transceiver proposes a limited range of transfer rate values for the said transfer rate, a second phase (CHANNEL ANALYSIS), executed between the first phase (PROPOSAL) and a third phase (SELECTION), in which the highest transfer rate for the transmission via a communication connection to a second transceiver is measured, and in which is indicated which one of the transfer rate values has been selected for the transfer rate, and a fourth phase (CONFIRMATION), in which is confirmed that the selected transfer rate value for the transfer rate is used for future transmissions. Prior to execution of the fourth phase, the first transceiver or the second transceiver may announce a new proposal for the transfer rate, whereupon the first phase is executed again. For this purpose, an announcement of a new proposal for the transfer rate is based on the results of the second phase. If none of the initially proposed transfer rate values comes close to the highest supported transfer rate from below, a transceiver may inform the other transceiver of its request to formulate a new proposal. This new proposal may contain the highest supported transfer rate and some lower values for the transfer rate, which are also acceptable to the transceiver that generates the new proposal for the transfer rate. In this way, a renewed execution of the first, second and third phase may in the end result in a selected transfer rate that is correctly adapted to the capacity of the connection line. This transfer rate is confirmed in the fourth phase. Thus, should one of the transceivers for whatever reason not be satisfied with the transfer rate values from the first proposal, it may announce a new proposal, even though it does not yet know the capacity of the connection.
The method of the present invention has the advantage that a uniform connection for the purpose of testing the connection line, in particular for the determination of available bandwidth, is provided. Due to the fact that the test is performed automatically, the teacher and the students are relieved from testing the available bandwidth during start-up or operation. The test does not even have to be performed on-site, but can be implemented anywhere within the system from any location.
Furthermore, this object is achieved by an inventive virtual electronic teaching system using a telecommunication network, which comprises a main distribution connected to an exchange, with an access multiplexer connected to or integrated in the main distribution and/or a splitter, and analog or digital telecommunication equipment by:
In comparison to state-of-the-art electronic teaching systems, the teaching system of the present invention offers the advantage that an expensive preliminary installation is not required, that the interface circuit enables a simple expansion or modification of the teaching system, including the establishment of new user groups and a significant expansion of the area of application and that, in particular, the connection of a new student to the teaching system can be accomplished immediately and even by an untrained user. The interface circuit of the present invention offers the advantage of enabling, in a surprisingly simple fashion, an individual conception of the virtual electronic teaching system by the user. In comparison to state-of-the-art systems, the user himself "designs" the virtual electronic teaching system in accordance with his requirements by means of menu-driven programs, so that the software functions are not limited and the manufacturer of the interface circuit of the present invention does not have to—in consideration of a in interface circuit that can be used as soon as possible for any purpose—make a selection between associated functions.
Furthermore, it is advantageous in that a decentralized control of a testing process running on the workstation is made possible. It is also possible, from any point of the telecommunication network, to perform the tests by means of PC/web server or mobile measuring point (GSM or, in case of higher bandwidths, UMTS), where the network connection may also be accomplished via an IP interface (including packet-switched network). If applicable, data serving the purpose of testing and maintenance of a workstation may also be changed in this way. If the commands are transmitted from a central workstation (teacher), a particularly powerful method for the introduction of new functions or modification of existing functions is available, since the changes need only be made at the central workstation rather than at all individual workstations. Moreover, the results are available to teaching personnel immediately after completion of the test. Based on this, further decisions can be taken quickly, or further connections can be communicated.
In a further development of the invention, an access authorization is stored in the interface circuit, by means of which the control of establishing a connection and the test process is safeguarded against unauthorized access and the procedure is recorded.
This further development of the invention is advantageous in that the test or maintenance can only be performed by personnel appointed to the task. It is also possible to assure access to certain groups of processes by means of various access codes, in order to limit responsibilities or distribute responsibilities differently within personnel. For example, it is possible to form CUG (closed user groups) via ISDN, so that the previously used method of return call numbers may be omitted and, for example, a dislocation of the interface circuit does not result in a software change.
Further advantages and details are contained in the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing.
The first inventive embodiment shown in
The device SS communicates, on the one hand, via a standardized interface COM, USB with a microcomputer at workstation AP of the person participating in the e-Learning or tele-teaching event (USB, COM1 or similar), and on the other hand, with the telecommunication device TE this person has available.
For this purpose, the device SS first performs a test to verify the bandwidth available at the telecommunication device TE.
The log-in procedure is stored in the memory unit SP of the device SS, which is used by this device SS to establish a connection to the central content server of the tele-teaching event, utilizing a telecommunication network with a main distribution connected to an exchange, where an access multiplexer and/or splitter is connected to or integrated in the main distribution.
Once the connection has been established, the first step is to determine the type of connection pending at the communication interface (analog or digital) and then to determine the available bandwidth by transmitting a sequence of test signals (which are also stored in the memory unit SP of this device SS). The telecommunication device TE may be connected to the main distribution via a subscriber line or subscriber modem and splitter or via a network termination NTBA and the subscriber line AL.
A particularly inventive embodiment is that most common transmission protocols, which are based on the IP protocol, are stored in the memory unit SP of the device SS.
The device SS independently tests the available protocols in communication with the content server of the tele-teaching event and sets itself up for the protocol offered by the content server.
Another important function of the device consists of the way it prevents typical "time out"-problems by indicating the complete reception of an image file in such a way, that the workstation AP remains connected to the tele-teaching or e-learning event, even though, for example, the transmission of high-resolution images with a frame rate of 16 1/sec. is not possible with a 56 KBit connection.
This feature assures that, as far as the transmitting side is concerned, the participant is still connected, however, the participant will only be able to receive and display the audio portion of the information and possibly part of the image.
For many events, this is not necessarily a disadvantage, because it is possible, for example, to transmit information to the workstation ahead of time, which can then be used independently (for example, video information will be available) and to have the "live communication" only within the scope of the actual e-learning or tele-teaching event.
Since e-learning and tele-teaching organizers are planning to make the device SS available to participants on a loan basis for the duration of an event or a booked and paid training course, it is also important that the device SS is additionally equipped with an electronic signature (access authorization) stored on the memory medium SP. Only those devices SS which are approved for the event will be able to independently establish a connection in the above described way.
Correspondingly, the memory media in question (as a rule, EPROMs) should be exchangeable.
Another inventive embodiment consists of providing the device SS, according to
The system may be further enhanced by connecting a so-called webcam to the workstation AP, allowing the participant to present himself in his contributions to the discussion, or present an experimental setup prepared by him to the other participants or to an auditorium, if there is a combination of the presence phase and e-learning and tele-teaching participants.
Another inventive embodiment may be that the signature stored in the device SS makes it possible to transfer so-called content, which have been stored by the organizer of the e-learning and tele-teaching event on his content server, permanently to the computer of the participant (file or stream transfer for storage on the computer of the participant) making the content available not just temporary within the scope of the event, i.e. to be visualized and audible only by means of the corresponding interface of the device without transmission to the computer of the participant.
According to another inventive embodiment, the interface circuit SS is designed as a plug-in card for a network station (subscriber equipment TE) or a PC (workstation AP). The plug-in card, in turn, is equipped with a least one microprocessor MP and a bus interface in form of a LAN interface, where the LAN interface is connected to the network station or the PC acting as host system via the PCI bus which transmits the protocol control information. When the card is plugged into the host system, it is detected by the plug-and-play function or by standard drivers as a LAN card. This automatically accomplishes a "login to the network" or start-up, and even in case of exchange of the interface circuit SS of the present invention, "re-programming" is not required. For example, with the software module ICL (Intelligent Connection Layer) there is the possibility of switching between various public network connections (ISDN, X.25, dedicated lines, dial-up connections such as FE dialing, C and D networks) as required. Thanks to this modular technology, future developments in network technology, for example, GSM, can be integrated seamlessly.
Moreover, through use of the components USV, power supply, hard disk (alternatively flash ROM), cooling fan and housing of the host system, cost savings and expanded functions are possible. The plug-in card uses the PCI bus only for power supply and as a LAN interface. Should the host system fail, the interface circuit of the present invention is still operable, since it continues to receive data through the LAN and power can still be drawn from the PCI bus after a failure of the host system. This connectivity enables in beneficial fashion the use of the interface circuit SS in any system with a PCI bus (Sun Ultra, Unix) and, in addition, enhances the operational reliability of the network.
Preferably, the plug-in card is equipped with a call number memory for access by authorized users and/or network participants and, depending on the transmitted call number, the call number is verified and/or the connection to the authorized caller is established. A breach from public networks can be prevented, for example, by means of ISDN call number verification. The call number, tamper-free transmitted through the D-channel, is compared to a table with call numbers of authorized users. In case of activated callback function, the interface circuit SS establishes a connection to the authorized caller. Further security measures may be: IP packet filter, callback, identification control, PAP (password authentification protocol), CHAP (challenge authentification protocol) and encryption. Of all the above methods, the last-named encryption is still the most effective means in data protection for the purpose of rendering data useless when in the wrong hands: for example, the interface circuit SS can be supplied with an encryption method according to the DES standard.
Fees for dial-up connections are charged according to a time and distance related pattern. In order to avoid idle times, the interface circuit SS automatically breaks the connection in case of inactivity in data communications greater than a preselected waiting time (short hold) and, once data are pending again, restores the connection. With optional compression, the data traffic can be reduced.
Finally, the interface circuit SS is able, depending on the bandwidth requirements, to automatically switch additional communication channels, by means of which a dynamic channel management and bandwidth control, is achieved. Depending on the demand of bandwidth, i.e. depending on the volume of data to be transported, the interface circuit SS automatically activates additional communication channels. For example, by parallel operation of all 30 B-channels it is possible to achieve transfer speeds up to 1.92 Mbit/sec.
The hardware concept of the interface circuit SS can be adapted to the varied established connectivity standards in worldwide network operations.
The inventive method, in connection with the interface circuit SS (and its multimedia front end MFE), enables the cost effective establishment of randomly networked workstations with individual, interactive communication via random, wireless or wired networks or telecommunication networks (for example, UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network); this means that the workstations can be freely interlinked and individual interactive communication can be set up at low cost. The iterative process running for this purpose with regard to bandwidth includes all reasonably occurring bit rates, which are stored correspondingly, can be used, in particular, in heterogeneous structures and also allows network monitoring with inclusion of the workstation AP and the telecommunication devices TE.
In this way, it is possible for the first time to continue work started in class at school, at the university or college at home—that is, to practice "blended learning", linking the presence in the classroom with "self-teaching phases" and, by means of "plug and play" to join heterogeneous user groups with regard to previous professional training, frequently also concerning EDP skills and with regard to available computer and communication equipment, respectively having the users themselves set up their own video conferencing or eLearning environment. Moreover, it is advantageous that the interface circuit SS (Syncobox) of the present invention is designed as an autonomous unit (with a connector for a plug-in power supply) and is suitable for analog, ISDN and DSL connections, that e-learning and video conferencing (connectors: web cam, headset and, if applicable, operating element) is enabled with a TV set and without a PC, the corporate LANs remain unchanged (security), that the interface circuit SS reliably protects eLearning sessions and content against unauthorized use and that "crashes" due to incompatibilities between existing computer installations and added video conferencing and eLearning software (not every problem occurs immediately) or "time-outs" during the session are reliably prevented.
In a further development of the invention it is possible, for example, to start up or remotely start up the operating system of the microprocessor MP of the interface circuit SS either via a boot prom or via the integrated LAN interface from the hard disk of the host system or via the external LAN interface from a random system in the LAN, so that, after the booting procedure, the interface circuit SS represents an autonomous, communication platform independent of the used operation system (for example, WinNT); for TCP/IP and SPX/IPX it is possible to install or integrate routing functions (also as LCR: Least Cost Router), etc.
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Qualcomm Asks FCC to Expedite 700MHz Sale Approval
Article Comments 1
Nov 29, 2011, 4:19 PM by Eric M. Zeman @phonescooper
Qualcomm has met with the Federal Communications Commission recently to request that the agency grant AT&T final approval to purchase Qualcomm's 700Hz spectrum assets. The spectrum sale was first proposed a year ago, and then stalled in August when the FCC decided to look at the 700MHz spectrum acquisition and AT&T's proposed T-Mobile acquisition together. The FCC recently decided that it will approve the sale of the 700MHz spectrum from Qualcomm to AT&T, but has yet to finalize the matter. "Swift FCC approval now is critical to enable the deployment of new supplemental downlink technology on fallow unpaired spectrum and to realize the substantial public interest benefits created by the transaction," Qualcomm stated. AT&T intends to use the 700MHz spectrum, formerly used for Qualcomm's failed MediaFLO service, to supplement its own 700MHz spectrum and Long Term Evolution network.
more info at Wireless Week »
more info at Qualcomm »
Sprint Partners Making Headway in Rural LTE Push
Some AT&T Partners to Cease Selling Contracts
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My name is Rebecca Chaney. I will be teaching ART (K-5) this year at Murnin Elementary. I completed my degree in ART at the University of Texas - El Paso. My family and I did a lot of moving around because my husband was in the military.
We returned to San Antonio (Go Spurs!) when my husband retired from the USAF in 2007.
I am looking forward to a wonderful year!! My goal is to create a positive learning environment where your child will flourish in the process of creative expression. It's great to be back with NISD.
"Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up" - Pablo Picasso.
Please feel free to contact me with any questions. My conference is sceduled for 12:10 - 12:55.


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Ruiner is a dark, nightmarish, fast paced third person action modification for Doom3. The player assumes the role of a herald of death & fights hordes of the damned using unique weapons, abilities and spells.
Nov 20th, 2010 1 person agrees 0 people don't
Have waited three years for this. And is definitely worth the wait. The combos are a welcome addition, although can be tricky at times. The difficulty is just about right, and the Hardcore mode will punish every mistake you make. Runs very smooth indeed.
Nov 18th, 2010 1 person agrees 0 people don't
The long and anticipated wait for the Ruiner mod now comes to a close. Bustling with Doom 2 content, a new lighting system, and a completely new environment, the Ruiner mod is indeed a must have for Doom 3 fans, especially for those who own the steam version. There are just too many Doom 3 mods that fall flat on their face just because they don't sense that necessary line of code in your computer. The Ruiner mod does have a few rough edges though, here and there a bug can be found, but nothing that bars the game's experience from you. The outdoor areas do choke for some reason, but thankfully the fps drop isn't fatal. The only linger question that remains is that the team would stick together long enough to get the final product or even a patch out. Overall, 9/10.
May 4th, 2015 0 people agree 0 people don't
Interesting artwork and good sound design, but the game design by itself is rather plain stupid and primitive...
Nov 4th, 2014
0 people agree
0 people don't
This review may contain spoilers
excellent, very very fun! the best was the fight with the dragon, makes skyrim dragons feel stupid; and ghosts being only beatable with the sword, very interesting concept! worth playing!
Aug 18th, 2013 0 people agree 0 people don't
Too many bugs. I have Doom 3 v1.3.1, but still doors wouldn't open and I had to noclip through, the health-meter at the bottom right as shown in the video wasn't there,
the combat system didn't work properly, and the picture froze just after the last(?) boss fight so I never got to see the end.
I had to use god-mode on a few occasions, something I never had to do in Doom 3 or ROE.
On the other hand, the monsters were terrific, I liked the weapons although they were weaker than in the original game.
Dec 31st, 2012 0 people agree 0 people don't
The Mod looks ok, but high difficulty and tough arch demons fight (when there's no arrows left) seems to destroy all the fun.
If it would be easier, ill gave it a 7+.
Adding a shield and magic to the game could also improve gameplay.
Im not saying the mod is bad, but it needs a few tweaks to make it more smoother and fun.
Aug 31st, 2012 0 people agree 0 people don't
Very Very impressive for Doom III to go third person.
Aug 20th, 2012 0 people agree 0 people don't
Interesting game, shame that the combat is a bit simple. Reminds me of Severance Blade of Darkness. This game has better graphics (obviously) better archery (but thats pretty easy to beat), but the combat is far to simplistic. Severance had a whole variety of melee weapons to pick from, and all sorts of variety of attacks you could do based on what movement keys you press, you could dodge (in this game you can do that, but it looks weird, you move way to far, and way to fast, its like you almost teleport) you could parry if you had a 2 handed weapon, and you could use shields that could break if they took enough punishment. The enemies you versed against used weapons also, and a fight with one of them meant using all your skills with that weapon where put to the test, and even though there wasn't much else to do in the game (you could also search for a hidden Rune on certain levels which are protected by traps which I thought was a nice touch), ever fight felt different and exciting, and when you came up against a boss enemy it wasn't as great, just a matter of timing (dodge its powerful attack and attack it while its preoccupied). This game has some nice enemies recycled from Doom 3... soul power idea looks nice... but this game doesn't have the sword play, just a click button to attack. The stuff that matters is the sword play. You guys would have been better off making a good mod for Severance instead of Doom 3.
Apr 6th, 2012 0 people agree 0 people don't
THIS MOD IS SO FUN ITS WORTH THE TIME AND THE DOWNLOAD WAIT i bought doom 3 and all it was doing was watseing memory on my comptuer than this mod came along and it was so good
Dec 23rd, 2011 0 people agree 0 people don't
One of the finest fantasy TPP/TPS action.


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|4 - 6 nights
Ideally located apartment for both Tourist and Professional. A very comfortable apartment with a garden terrace in a quiet Victorian street. The apartment is spacious with a large and well equipped kitchen. High quality large bed and linens. Free Wi-Fi internet. Fully equipped for breaks of 5 days or longer.
The apartment is in Zone 1 and is very convenient for local neighbourhood shops and services.
This has the feel of a local neighbourhood but is also close to the city centre: The neighbourhood offers an excellent and varied selection of local pubs, restaurants, cafés, shops, local library, dry cleaning and a large supermarket.
At the same time getting to the West End and many other areas is easy and quick. Fast 24 hour buses to the West End are 100m away. Vauxhall's zone 1 underground station is 5 - 10 minutes' walk and is 4 stops from Oxford Circus. You can also walk along the River Thames to Westminster and the South Bank arts centre.
I want you to enjoy your stay and to be safe and comfortable. Please check our reviews for feedback from fellow travellers.
I have lived in the London area for many years and know Vauxhall extremely well. I am a composer and conductor in this city of many great musicians. Originally the attractions of the apartment for me included the quiet location and easy access to the excitement of the West End and the cultural centres.
Terry Davies purchased this apartment in 1989
This flat was my home for 21 years until I began offering it for holiday rentals in 2010. I was very happy here and I now want the same for my guests. Having travelled widely, I am clear about what I need from a holiday home and I want these things to be available here.
It has been wonderful to see the area around the flat develop into the lively residential centre it is today. I love the peace of the place. In the hallway you might meet Philippa, our lovely neighbour upstairs, but you are unlikely to hear her. If the weather is good, the garden terrace is a little oasis in the city, facing the sun and protected by high plants.
I have traveled my entire career throughout the world, stayed at fabulous hotels, rented a variety of apartments and this is my absolute favorite! From the moment I walked in the door, I felt at home. The fireplace was a nice touch on a couple cool, rainy nights during my stay. Nestled in the nice sitting chair, I stayed home one evening paging through several of the interesting selection of books on hand—including some especially fascinating books highlighting London and even Vauxhall's story. You will find a comfortable bed with great linens, a tub for a nice soak, and then one great kitchen. The flat is well-appointed and the photos truly depict the place. The neighborhood is quiet, only a short walk from restaurants, a full-service grocery, and London transport just minutes away whether you want to travel by bus or by tube. I moved around the city easily and, while I was there for holidays, I intend to stay when I return for business later this year. I was at the theatre in no time. Make sure to sample one of the Portuguese restaurants nearby. Landlords were wonderful. What a fantastic find! Absolutely no hesitation in recommending this apartment! Spring is near and next time I look forward to enjoying the garden. So, make your booking. Just make sure it is not a week I want to return.
With so many London places to choose from, and with "sticker shock" being quite high, we were delighted to get a strong positive referral to this flat. And the experience (2 separate 4 day stays) did not disappoint. It is a nice, well appointed flat great for 2 people, though 3 would work. It is in a mostly quiet, off the crowded London tourist scene, neighborhood. Terry and Peter are a very professional , competent team who are sincerely concerned with their guests' needs. The Vauxhall location lends itself to very easy public transport connections. And it is not "killer money". Mumbai Delight is a great local Indian restaurant .
Our only concern is the possible noise level an urban environment may produce.
This is so far the best homeaway rental in London.It is so near to all the places you want to go as a tourist.The bus is 2 minutes away and the subway is 9 minutes away.The house is in a quiet location and the best thing is I don't have to climb up any stairs to get home!
I like the spacious kitchen with the private garden.
After a long day of walking and sightseeing I really look forward to coming back to this awesomehome.
Thank you Peter for your warm hospitality and thank you Terry for having us stay in your wonderful apartment, I will certainly come back here whenever I come to London
What a relief, at the end of a long day on foot, to come home to relax! Home! This apartment isn't my home, obviously, but our family felt quite cozy here for our week in London. The apartment is just as pictured and described. The location is quite convenient to the Tube, just a short walk away. And on that short walk, we passed a grocery store, a park, and a few restaurants.
Our party consisted of my husband and I as well as our 18 year old daughter. Daughter was quite content on the hide-a-bed sofa in the lounge. And the bedroom, while not overly large, was more than adequate. The whole apartment was spotless and well-maintained. Although we brought our own supplies, the bathroom and kitchen were nicely stocked with backup basics in case we had forgotten anything.
Before, during, and after our trip, Terry provided excellent service - not only answering our questions, but anticipating them. He provided additional materials about the area both before and during our stay. He was unable to greet us (he had communicated that in advance) but Peter did, and Peter provided an excellent overview of the apartment and the area. Peter never seemed rushed. I can't stress that enough - Peter had time for us, in person and on the telephone, to ensure that we were comfortable with our surroundings.
If you are considering this apartment, I highly recommend it! Thanks Terry, Peter, and Ian!
Property is exactly as described and shown in pictures. All the very positive reviews we read about it were accurate. Owner, Terry met with us upon our arrival. He was gracious and very helpful in acclimating us to the area and making suggestions as to our interests and needs. He suggested several local restaurants and markets which we patronized during our stay. The neighborhood was quiet and safe. We were blessed with warm sunny days and enjoyed morning coffee and afternoon tea in the very private garden off the kitchen. We cooked most of our meals in the well equipped kitchen and enjoyed its warm open airy feeling. Property's close proximity to underground and bus stations made our sight-seeing very easy, enjoyable and inexpensive. I highly recommend this property, I would not hesitate to rent it again or recommend it to my friends.
This apartment was perfect for us. We were met by Peter who gave us a good run-down of the apartment and the facilities, such as shops and bars, nearby tube stations and good bus routes. We made use of them all. We chose this apartment ahead of a hotel because we could spread out, cook and do our laundry. The little outdoor area was ideal for a sit and a drink at the end of the day. The hob nobs were a nice touch. The area was quiet, but close to trains, tubes, buses and the south bank. Couldn't have asked for more.
Only 5 minutes walk away is Vauxhall's excellent transport hub (Zone 1) with many trains, tubes and buses to all parts of the city. And 100m away from the apartment are two regular 24 hour bus routes to the West End.
Many popular attractions are within a half hour's walk, some along the River Thames which passes nearby. Among them are the West End, Westminster (the Abbey, Big Ben, Houses of Parliament), Buckingham Palace (if the flag's flying the Queen's at home), London Eye (the UK's most popular tourist attraction), the incomparable South Bank (concert halls, theatres, galleries and cinemas) and the Imperial War Museum. Tate Britain gallery, Lambeth Palace, New Covent Garden Market and Oval Cricket Ground are all within 20 minutes walk. Wimbledon is 3 stops away.
The fast and frequent Gatwick Express from Gatwick Airport travels directly to Victoria Station, a 10 minute taxi ride away.
|Rental Period
|Minimum Price
|Additional Nights
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
|Event Price
22 May 2015 - 5 Sep 2015
6 night minimum stay
for 6 nights
|Notes: Rates are based on 2 guests; add £5 per night, per additional guest
6 Sep 2015 - 28 Nov 2015
5 night minimum stay
for 5 nights
|Refundable Damage Deposit
|Cleaning and bed linen
An extra £5 per night or £30 per week is charged for a 3rd or 4th person.
A 25% deposit is required to hold your booking.
A damages security of £200/€250/$300 is required & will be held during your stay in case of loss or damages.
This will be returned to you at the end of your stay.
£60 will be added to your booking for cleaning & linen.
Additional weekly cleaning & linen changes: £60.
* Approximate monthly price. Actual pricing will depend on the days of the month you stay.
Please Note: The owner of this property accepts payment in the original currency specified (GBP), before use of conversion tool. The conversion tool is provided for your convenience only. The owner may accept other currencies if specifically agreed in advance.


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See + Meet Tim McGraw in Boston!
Tim McGraw is taking his 'Brothers of the Sun' tour the road, and you could be taking a trip to Boston to see the show and meet him!
Tim McGraw is taking his 'Brothers of the Sun' tour the road, and you could be taking a trip to Boston to see the show and meet him!
Rowdy Friends here is your chance to cook like a pro and relax like a boss. Win your very own Mini Green Egg!
Up for grabs, a trip for two to Las Vegas to check out Toby Keith live in concert!
Yesterday it was National Hug Your Cat Day. In celebration, we asked you to send in a picture of you hugging your cat.
Here's a few of the better pictures we got in.
We've got more free money for you as we begin a new contest called Beat the Bark. You can win your share of thousands of dollars of free money just by letting us know how much money is enough for you.
If you frequent this website often, you know about Bruce Mikells and his infatuation with crazy cat videos. So it was no surprise that he is all about today's big celebration -- National Hug Your Cat Day!
97.3 The Dawg has 97 invitations to hand out for you and a guest to be a part of the Nurses Banquet, so make sure you enter today.
In honor of today's National No Socks Day, here at the Bruce & Kennel Club Show we've been celebrating all morning. Of course our friends in the office are walking around Fabreezing everything in sight, but hey, such is life.
Lady Antebellum is on the road, and you could see them in St. Louis in June!
It's back! The ATM Game returns today to the airwaves of 97.3 The Dawg. It's your chance to win a share of thousands of dollars in free money!


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Church offering Rockefeller land to the right buyer.
Studley's Woody Heller, executive managing director, is acting on behalf of Collegiate in the transaction. "Collegiate is taking this step to adjust asset allocation in the Church's endowment portfolio," said Casey R. Kemper, the Corporation's executive vice president and chief operating officer.
"Because the land has been in the Church's portfolio for almost 150 years, however, we will maintain a minority position in the lease." According to Mr. Heller, "Rarely ever are fee interests available in Manhattan, much less in Rockefeller Center.
"Given the strength of the market, the values that dictate future ground rent resets have created an enormous disparity between the current ground rent and the level to which the rent will be reset at the next adjustment.
"This enables the interest being offered to represent the best of both worlds: rock solid security and enormous future upside, a formula highly sought after in today's marketplace."
Heller added, "As a result, this offering will attract strong and diverse interest, from both traditional real estate investors and non-traditional investors, seeking alternatives to the low-yielding fixed income options otherwise available."
Collegiate, which acquired the land from Columbia College (later, Columbia University) in 1857, built St. Nicholas Reformed Church on the site. St. Nicholas fell into a state of disrepair and Collegiate, at that time unable to maintain the building, closed and demolished the church in the late 1940s. Subsequently, Collegiate leased out the land to facilitate its commercial development.
The 28-story limestone office building at 600 Fifth Avenue, contains in excess of 400,000 square feet, and was opened in 1951 by its original owner, the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. Inclusive of renewal options, the ground lease with the building's current owner, RCPI Landmark Properties LLC, runs through 2084.
The Collegiate Church traces its history to the Dutch settlement of Nieuw Amsterdam, where the first congregation met in 1628 in a room in the settlement's mill. Collegiate was granted a royal charter in 1696, which permitted the Church to engage in real estate transactions to support its activities.
Reader Opinion
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|Collegiate Church Corporation
|Real Estate Weekly
|Geographic Code:
|Sep 21, 2005
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I figured after working so hard for the last few weeks, I deserved a little beady treat, so I went over to Carol Dean's Etsy Shop, Sand Fibers, and picked out a few new peyote stitch cuff bracelet patterns to keep my fingers -- and my mind -- occupied. The rhythmic thread pattern of flat peyote stitch is so much like meditation for me, I find myself feeling relaxed and refreshed after a couple of hours spent beading them, and after a while, it's hard for me to put them down and get on to other things. (Like blogging!)
The first reason why I love these beaded bracelet making projects is that they need to be worked up right away -- there's no waiting around for a new order of beads to arrive. Just like every other beader I know, I've got a bead budget, so these bracelet making projects are the perfect way for me to take a good look at what colors of cylinder beads I already have in my stash and start using them up. When you pick out a new beading project or pattern and you just have to start making it right now, it's amazing how easy it is to find just the right bead in your stash!
My biggest concern when it comes to these kinds of peyote stitch bracelet making projects is whether or not I'll have enough cylinder beads to complete the pattern. Thankfully, I have very slender wrists, so I can usually get away with using a few grams less than is called for in the peyote stitch pattern.
It's also a lot of fun to watch my six year old as he fawns over the little piles of colorful seed beads on my bead board. He just can't resist sticking his fingers into the cylinder beads and swirling them around, making shapes and, ultimately, a new batch of cylinder bead soup.
These bracelet making projects also give me the chance to experiment with color. Once I've decided that I'm not going to buy any new cylinder beads, I start playing with color combinations that I might not have ordinarily used. Because I'm limiting myself to using just the colors I have on hand at the moment and not buying any new cylinder beads when I start working on them, I'm forced to come up with new color combinations. It's actually a pretty good way for me to start thinking about new color palettes for my other beading projects. It's also a pretty good way for me to look at certain colors of cylinder beads in my stash and wonder what, exactly, I was thinking when I bought them. (Along the lines of, did I really think that fifty grams of bubblegum pink cylinder beads would come in handy one day?)
Before I start working on these kinds of bracelet making projects, I like to work up a couple of swatches of peyote stitch using the colors I've chosen. It's not a bad idea for your other beading projects, either, because we all know that just because your seed bead colors look good together when they're in the tube, it doesn't necessarily mean that they'll work together in an actual piece of beaded jewelry. If I happen to make a particularly pleasing sample with a new color palette, I'll hang on to it with the bead numbers and colors for future reference, too!
With an easy bracelet making project like these, I'm more comfortable allowing myself to experiment with different closures like peyote stitch toggles or buttons. I want the closures for these kinds of bracelet making projects to closely match, or even fade into, the overall design, but I let myself try out two or three different options before deciding.
The best part of these bracelet making projects was how they relaxed my mind and let some new ideas bubble up! Just a couple of hours after I finished my second peyote stitch cuff, I was feeling motivated to pull out some Shibori ribbon and a few crystal rivolis, and before I knew it, I had started working on a new bead embroidered collar! If you're looking for a beading project to bridge the gap between inspiration and finished jewelry, I can highly recommend a few good beaded bracelet making projects to help you keep your fingers busy while your muse takes a break.
What's your favorite way to get out of a beading lull? Leave a comment and share your thoughts with us here on the Beading Daily blog!
Bead Happy,
Silver colorway
Designed by Beadwork magazine Editor Melinda Barta and featured in Mastering Herringbone Stitch, this fun-to-make bangle shows tubular herringbone stitch as its best. Although the bangle seems to be made with strips of flat herringbone that hold the accent beads in place, it's actually worked quickly in the round. Featuring striped glass accent beads that were custom made in Indonesia just for this kit.
Kit includes:
Also includes project PDF with complete instructions.
Note: Bead colors may vary slightly from project photo. Refer to materials photo for a sampling of the kit's beads.
I too love to do the flat peyote bracelets. They are so relaxing and therapeutic almost for me. No stress just pure enjoyment.
I sort beads and organize... a couple of hours in and the beads are talking and my workspace is tidier...
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Bears DT Melton (ACL) out for season
LAKE FOREST, Ill. (AP)
The Chicago Bears said Monday that defensive tackle Henry Melton will miss the rest of the season with knee injury.
Looking for the latest news from around the NFL? Our Insiders got you covered.
Melton suffered a season-ending torn left anterior cruciate ligament in Sunday night's 40-23 win at Pittsburgh and will have surgery in a few weeks.
''We lost a very good player,'' coach Marc Trestman said. ''Unfortunately, it's a next-man-up situation where the next guy has got to come up and be ready to play and help our football team. We're not happy about it, but this is the downside of the National Football League, is players are going to get hurt and the team's got to respond.''
Melton last year had six sacks, third most by a defensive tackle in the NFL. He was designated Chicago's franchise free agent after contract negotiations with his agent broke down, and received $8 million for this season. He will be a free agent next season.
''It's sad,'' wide receiver Earl Bennett said. ''I mean any time you see a player go down it's sad because you don't know the extent of the injury. And when you're one of those guys who's been working hard all offseason, it's just sad to see him go down.''
Melton had been off to a slow start without a sack, possibly due to another injury. He suffered a concussion on the first play of preseason and did not return until the start of the regular season.
Now the Bears defense, which has produced 11 turnovers in three games to go with three touchdown returns, is looking for a tackle to line up alongside Pro Bowl defensive end Julius Peppers. Former Jacksonville Jaguars defensive tackle Nate Collins, who was once a practice squad player for the New York Giants, gets a chance to start at Detroit on Sunday.
Last year Collins made 23 tackles in seven contest, but had no sacks. He had half a sack with the Jaguars in 2011.
''He's an active player, he's got a good motor, he'll mix it up in there, he's a finisher,'' Trestman said of Collins. ''So we're lucky to have Nate right now. And we'll continue to try to piece together our front with the guys we have and we'll decide that over the next 24 hours and decide where we're going to go for next week.''
Another player who could get playing time is Zach Minter, an undrafted free agent from Montana State who stood out in a couple of preseason games.
Even with Melton healthy, the Bears front four had struggled getting to quarterbacks without blitzing. Last year Chicago was eighth in the league with 41 sacks.
The pass rush stepped up against Pittsburgh, but it came about largely due to blitzes. Middle linebacker D.J. Williams had two sacks against the Steelers and linebacker Lance Briggs one. In 2012, the Bears had three sacks total for the season from the linebackers.
SIDELINE PRINCESSESThey're fit, they're pretty and we can't get enough of them. Check out the the 2013 NFL cheerleaders.
''We've been blitzing about a quarter of the time,'' Trestman said. ''We probably picked it up a notch, a little more toward a third. Our guys did a good job of disguising and bringing the blitz and we got some hits on Ben (Roethlisberger) with those blitzes and some sacks.''
They also gave up plenty of yardage despite coming up with three interceptions and two fumble recoveries. Roethlisberger threw for 406 yards, most by a quarterback against Chicago since 2008.
The pass defense will be challenged in Detroit by quarterback Matthew Stafford and wide receiver Calvin Johnson. It can't help the Bears that cornerback Charles Tillman left Sunday's game with groin tightness. Tillman had been out of practice prior to the Steelers game due to knee soreness, but made it through his playing time with no knee problems.
''We're going to be very cautious with him this week,'' Trestman said. ''He'll probably be out on Wednesday and we'll go through the same progression. But he just tightened up. He was in early this morning, he worked out and got treatment, so we're optimistic that he'll be ready to go on Sunday.''
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NFL Headlines
NFL Insiders: Dolphins name Dennis Hickey new general manager
Carroll: Seahawks CB Richard Sherman sorry about postgame rant
Browns to interview Bills' Pettine with Broncos' Gase out of running
NFL talking to 49ers about sideline hit vs Seahawks in NFC title game
Falcons hire former Chiefs GM Pioli as assistant general manager


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Date: 1918-09
Description: Elevated view of the U.S. Government War Exposition grounds at Grant Park.
Date: 1944-06-26
Description: Two Wisconsin delegates to the Republican Party National Convention held in Chicago, Illinois. Looking at a newspaper, left to right: Cyrus Philipp, Milwau...
Description: Engraved carte-de-visite profile portrait of William H. Seward, Secretary of State under the Lincoln Administration.
Date: 1929-12-16
Description: Engineering photograph of an experimental McCormick-Deering 15-30 TracTracTor (crawler tractor).
Date: 1947 ca.
Description: Two men look at a newly unveiled plaque commemorating International Harvester's "100 Years in Chicago" celebration. Original caption reads: "Fowler McCormi...
Date: 1900 ca.
Description: View across water towards a boat called "The Imperial" moored along the dock at the McCormick Reaper Works. The boat is loaded with freight. In the backgro...
Date: 1893 ca.
Description: A depiction of Jerusalem on the day of Jesus' crucifixion. In the foreground is a crowd of people, animals, and tents. There is also a group of solders wi...
Date: date unknown
Description: Waist-up portrait of Mrs. John Kinzie, born Juliette Augusta Magill (1808-1870), author of "Wau-Bun," from an oil painting made in 1855 by G.P.A. Healey.
Date: 1931
Description: Exterior view of the McCormick Works Club House. The Club House was designed for recreational use by factory employees.
Date: 1971-11
Description: Cover of "Navy Times Are Changin' ", an underground newspaper, featuring a cartoon of three men, at least one in navy uniform, surrounded by pigs pointing...
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Date: 1938-12-09
Description: Engineering photograph of an experimental Farmall tractor (wood model) designated as model "2F".
Description: Interior of Cyrus Hall McCormick, Jr.'s first office at the Harvester Building on 606 S. Michigan Avenue. Mr. McCormick was president of the McCormick Harv...
Date: 1930 ca.
Description: Hand-colored drawing, on grey cardboard, of a design for a "Pendant for Matrix Turquoises." The matrix is the very dark veining on the stones. The oval sto...
Date: 1896
Description: View of a young passenger pigeon with immature plumage. The passenger pigeon is now extinct. A dove is visible in the background. Part of a group of pigeon...
Description: View across foundry floor of factory workers in a large room with high ceilings, vent hoods and skylights at McCormick Works. Two men in the middle ground...
Date: 1911-06-21
Description: Man sitting on an experimental lightweight tractor. The photograph was probably taken outside International Harvester's McCormick Works. Original caption i...
Date: 1927-08
Description: A woman stoops to remove an electrical cord from in front of a vacuum cleaner.
Date: 1913
Description: This photograph from the album of aviation pioneer Jesse Brabazon is described by him as the "first simulated bombing in history, using an aeroplane versus...
Date: 1933-07-05
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10901 Ranchstone Drive Houston Texas 77064
Are you the property manager?
Introducing an apartment community for those who want it all - Ranchstone Apartment Homes. Nestled within beautiful Jersey Village, this residential setting offers the finest schools, shopping and entertainment. Just minutes from 290 and Beltway 8, these 1, 2, and 3 bedroom apartment homes feature designer interiors, resort-style amenities, garages and covered parking. Come home to a peaceful sanctuary and discover the lifestyle you deserve.
Other Apartments Nearby
Aston at Cinco RanchSave
- Lifestyles:
- Luxury Community
- Pet Friendly
- Coupon
- Apartment Features:Air Conditioning, Balcony, Ceiling Fan(s), Dishwasher, Fireplace, Microwave, Oversized Closets, View, Washer & Dryer Connections, Washer & Dryer In Unit, Deck, Garbage Disposal, Patio, Refrigerator
- Community Features:Accepts Credit Card Payments, Accepts Electronic Payments, Business Center, Clubhouse, Covered Parking, Emergency Maintenance, Extra Storage, Fitness Center, Garage, Gated Access, High Speed Internet Access, Swimming Pool, Controlled Access, On Site Maintenance, On Site Management, Pet Friendly, Luxury Community
- Additional Features:Cinco Ranch Master Planned Community, Fitness Center Open 24 Hours, Pet Friendly - Large Breeds Accepted, Spacious Townhome with 2000 Sq. Ft., BBQ/Picnic Area, 9 Foot Ceilings, Built-in Book Shelves In Some Units, Crown Molding and Upgraded Finishes, Designer Paint, Granite Countertops, Private Attached Garage, Six Panel Doors, Stainless Steel Appliances, Carpeting, Efficient Appliances, High Ceilings
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The threat of the infiltration of Sharia, or Islamic law, into the American court system is one of the more pernicious conspiracy theories to gain traction in our country in recent years. The notion that Islam is insidiously making inroads in the United States through the application...
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For Shavuot, try this easy strawberry rhubarb trifle
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U.S. official in Israel to discuss Mideast nuclear arms ban
Tag: Foxman
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Opinion: Shout down the Sharia myth makers
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HomeOur HotelsMacdonald Windsor HotelWeddingsOur Chef
Macdonald Windsor Hotel23 High StreetWindsor, BerkshireSL4 1LHTel 0844 879 9101International +44 1753 483100
Send us a message
Snowy has progressed within the Macdonald's kitchen brigade
beginning her career with the group five years ago as Senior Sous
Chef at Macdonald Compleat Angler, Marlow; then honouring her
skills over the next two years as Head Chef at Macdonald Frimley
Hall Hotel & Spa. After a return to Marlow to take the position
as Head Chef, Snowy joined us to continue her original and creative
Originally from Cape Town, South Africa, her career has also
included spells at Great Fosters Hotel in Egham and Richmond Gate
As well as catering for restaurant guests in the AA rosette
awarded Caleys Scottish Steak Club, Snowy and her team are also
dedicated to cater for weddings and banqueting in the hotel's
function suites, which can cater up to 100 guests at a wedding
Couples can create their own three or four course menus from a
large choice of dishes; there are also separate canapé, children's,
afternoon tea and evening reception menus available.
In keeping with the Macdonald Hotels dining ethos, Snowy sources
only the best seasonal provenance available, locally where possible
and for the fullest, most natural flavours. Fresh, not frozen,
wholesome ingredients are used in all menus.
Snowy selects suppliers with the highest standards, such as
ScotBeef for quality beef and lamb and John Ross Jr for smoked
fish. Macdonald Hotels & Resorts received a Good Egg award in
2012 from compassion for world farming and the best breakfast
trophy at the menu innovation and design awards (MIDAS)
Macdonald Windsor Hotel provides the perfect location for a
magical wedding, located in historic royal town of Windsor with
breath-taking views of Windsor Castle. The exquisite service of
Snowy and her team are truly the icing on the cake.
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Similar to a News Story, but with a different flavor.
Feature vs. News Story: Which should I create?
Features look a lot like news stories, only they have NO by-line or date-line, making them more timeless in nature. Your listing page of features will be sorted in folder order, which means the site webmaster can choose the order in which they appear.
Are you new to working with Features?
- If your site does not yet use Features, you will first need to create a Features Listing Folder.
- See an example of a Feature and an example of a Feature listing page.
- You can borrow features from elsewhere in Cascade into your Features folder. Learn how to work with Borrowed Features.
Step 1: Prepare your images
- You will need to prepare and upload a square thumbnail image which will display on your listing page.
- (optional) Add a photoset to your feature. You can build your photoset before you begin, or create one and add it later. See an example and learn how to build your photoset.
- With Features, you have the option to customize the banner image. Since an image template is required to account for the navigation bar overlay, the [[creative, Creative Services team]] is happy to assist in creating these if necessary.
Step 2: Create a Feature
If you would like to include a feature that exists elsewhere in Cascade, follow the steps to create a Borrowed Feature instead.
- Navigate to your features folder.
- From the top blue menu, choose New >> Feature.
- Complete the applicable fields: Title, Summary and Teaser.
- Set the parent and sibling checkboxes. These adjust the left menu on this page only.
- Enter the body of your feature in the Content box.
- Do not copy and paste directly from another source (Word, email, webpage). First copy from the source, then in Cascade click the Paste as Plain Text button before you paste. You can also clean up your text by first pasting it into a text editor such as Textpad or Notepad.
- Add your uploaded thumbnail image by clicking the [ ] browsing symbol next to Square Thumbnail. Select the correct image and Confirm.
- Submit and publish your features folder.
Step 3. (optional) Add a photo gallery, audio clip or document link to your story
For photo gallery: build your gallery.
- For audio clip: save the standard audio file to the Media drive.
- For document: upload your document.
- Edit the page.
- Find the Other Media >> Media section.
- Use the dropdown to select the 'Media Type'.
- Click the [ ] icon next to Media page to browse to and select the gallery index page or document, or fill in the the URL of your Media drive file.
- Submit and publish.
Step 4: (optional) Adding fun features to your Feature
- Use the Photoset section to add a photoset to the top of your page.
- Add Related Links or other features to the right column to direct readers to other items of interest.
- Embed a YouTube video within the content area, or create a YouTube widget to place in the right-hand column.
Resolving potential problems
My page has a weird shaded rectangle just under my feature title...
It sounds like you have selected a 'Media Type' from the Other Media area dropdown, but have not selected the media to be referenced. You can either:
- change the dropdown to 'None', and the shaded box will go away, or
- use the browsing brackets under the dropdown to select the media to be linked. This will add the proper media icon and link to the shaded box.


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Thursday, 17 May 2012 05:45 PM
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Martina McBride voiced her opinion on sexism in the country music industry this week, reacting strongly to a music consu . . .
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A size zero woman who got liposuction is now defending her decision against critics. . . .
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As in past years, there have been numerous interesting tax-related developments over the last 12 months in the state of Georgia. Just a few of these recent developments are summarized below:
Tax Exempt Property. In DeKalb County Board of Tax Assessors v. Presbytery of Greater Atlanta, Inc., a religious nonprofit corporation, not having a present need to use property it owned, leased that property for 20 percent of the market rental rate to another religious nonprofit corporation to be used as a place of religious worship by the leasing corporation. The DeKalb County Board of Tax Assessors withdrew the tax exemption of the property because the owner of the property was not the party using it for exempt purposes.
The Georgia Court of Appeals, after noting that the owner of the property did not make a profit, held that there is no statutory requirement that the owner of the property be the user. The Appeals Court noted that the result would be different if the primary purpose of the rental of the property is to secure an income from the property.
Limited Liability Companies. The Georgia Department of Revenue has issued a clarifying release stating that it treats limited liability companies the same as the Internal Revenue Service. Thus, a single member limited liability company is disregarded and a multiple member limited liability company is treated as a partnership -- unless, in either case, the limited liability company has elected to be treated as a corporation. Consistent with this view, a single member limited liability company is arguably not subject to the Georgia net worth tax.
Sales Taxes/Out-of-State Sellers. In October 2012, the Georgia Department of Revenue issued a release implementing House Bill 386 passed by the 2012 General Assembly.
Beginning October 1, 2012, an out-of-state seller must collect sales tax from Georgia customers if:
Beginning December 31, 2012, an out-of-state seller must collect sales tax from Georgia customers if:
Atlanta Airport. In City of Atlanta v. City of College Park, the Georgia Supreme Court held that the City of College Park could properly levy an occupation tax on the City of Atlanta for its business operations located at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport inside the corporate limits of College Park.
Motor Vehicles. The 2012 General Assembly drastically modified the manner in which motor vehicles are taxed. Under the old system, in addition to sales taxes paid on the acquisition from a dealer of a motor vehicle, the owner paid an ad valorem tax each year. In the case of individual owners, the registration was due to be renewed annually and an ad valorem tax paid on the owner's birthday. Hence, the tax was known as the "birthday tax."
The 2012 General Assembly changed this methodology to a one-time title registration fee on the initial acquisition of the vehicle, including casual sales, which formerly had not been subject to sales taxes. The General Assembly overlooked the law that requires a sales tax to be paid on rentals received from leased vehicles, thus exposing leased vehicles to double taxation.
The 2013 General Assembly passed legislation that exempts from sales and use taxes the leases of vehicles for more than 31 consecutive days for which a state and local title ad valorem tax is paid.
As stated above, these are only a few of the interesting tax-related developments in Georgia over the last 12 months. If you would like to discuss these or any other state and local tax developments or should you wish to discuss any tax planning opportunities involving state and local taxes, please do not hesitate to contact any of the attorneys in the Firm's Tax Department.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Baker Donelson
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