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This is a story of a bibliographic reference book that does not simply describe old books, but actually incorporates original leaves from those books, making it a unique and rare work in and of itself. Falconer Madan's study of Oxford printing, The Early Oxford Press (1895), catalogs and provides bibliographical descriptions for books produced in Oxford up to 1640. As he had outlined two years before, in an address to the Bibliographical Society, a "perfect bibliography" would not only attend to the physical aspects of a book, but would attend to the historical and cultural context, as well--or, in Madan's words, it would "set before the student so much of the life of a book as would give him ... the place of the volume in the literature of its subject" ("On Method in Bibliography," 91). As such, a bibliographer should "never rest content with the technical description only." Madan went even further than this, though, arguing that "if possible, leaves from real books should be bound in each copy, to illustrate the actual printing of each decade or each quarter century" (98).
Madan's ambition was (at least partially) fulfilled: the first edition of The Early Oxford Press included specimen leaves from actual sixteenth- and seventeenth-century printed books. Though some of Madan's illustrative examples are facsimiles intended to exemplify different styles of book production, each copy of his book also included a sampling of rare material. In the preface Madan provides a rationale for the inclusion of this rare material, one of the "features of novelty" of his work. In his account, "actual pages of books printed at Oxford" were inserted, pages which were selected, as he is careful to state, "from works which are cheap and common" (vii). At this point Madan inserts a footnote, further justifying his method in opposition to the insertion of "separate leaves from rare and costly books" in another book (a collection of leaves from Swedish liturgies, published in 1879) which, as he curtly notes, was "a practice which cannot be approved."
As Christopher de Hamel notes in his consideration of the often dubious ethics of leaf books, "most writers would say that the leaves being dispersed derived from a book that was already defective and fragmentary" (11). In Madan's case, the books may or may not have been "defective and fragmentary" (although as you'll see in a moment, there was a particular kind of damage in one of the books he used) but nevertheless they were "cheap and common," which alone justifies (for him, at least) breaking them apart. This makes Madan's book a limit case of the genre (especially since it is primarily a reference work) and de Hamel duly notes that Madan's "austere bibliography" is "quite the least bibliophilic leaf book ever issued" (11).
Breaking Apart / Collaborating
When I posted on twitter that I had found a copy of a book on the open stacks with sixteenth- and seventeenth-century leaves (and later found two more copies of the book, one of which was also in the open stacks), Marissa promised (also on twitter) to track down Penn's copy to see if it also included rare materials. (N.B.: both copies on the open stacks at Iowa are being transferred into Special Collections) Sure enough, it was also on the open stacks with the rare leaves intact. On closer examination of two of the Iowa copies and the Penn copy, we were able to establish a few points of contact. When we realized we had the chance to bring together leaves from texts that had been broken apart, we decided to collaborate.
As it happens, two of the Iowa copies and the Penn copy include leaves from the same books. According to the plan Madan outlined in his preface, the extracted leaves were systematically grouped and divided. The first 700 copies of the print-run included three leaves; beyond 700, at least one leaf was promised. Madan also provided a reference list of books from which these exemplary leaves were drawn:
Penn's copy (#366) and Iowa's (#371 and #456) are from the same subset (nos. 323-500) of the first 700 copies; the third Iowa copy (#27) is from the first subset (nos. 1-200).
Here are some images of all three of the leaves from the first two Iowa copies -- the first one I found on the open stacks (InfoHawk record here) :
And this is a copy that was already housed in Special Collections (InfoHawk record here) :
Here's a list of the books from which the leaves in our shared copies are taken, followed by the title-pages of the books, taken from EEBO (Penn actually has a copy of the first book below, the Ursinus--see Marissa's post for more details):
Ursinus, Zacharias. The Summe of Christian Religion (1587; STC 24532)
|copy from the Huntington Library
Sanderson, Robert. Logicae Artis Compendium (1618; STC 21702)
|copy from the British Library
Reusner, Nicolas (or Nikolaus). Symbolorum Imperatoriorum (1638; STC 20909)
|copy from the British Library
Fuller, Nicholas. Miscellaneorum Theologicorum (1616; STC 11461)
|copy from the British Library
Carpenter, Nathaniel. Philosophia Libera (1636; STC 4679)
|copy from Cambridge University library
Madan's selections suggest that the Oxford printing trade in this era could be represented by a theological work in English (Ursinus), a text on logic in Latin (Sanderson), and a treatise on the value of proverbs in Latin (Reusner). (The Fuller and Carpenter books also fit this general model). This is perhaps unsurprising--the Oxford trade would naturally cater to a primarily academic audience, focusing on popular or useful works which would need to be reprinted on a regular basis, while relying on the import trade, from both London and the Continent, for books which were less popular, less in-demand, less useful, or simply extra-curricular.
The third Iowa copy also has a leaf from the Ursinus, but from much earlier in the book: this leaf is from the preamble, which is to be expected, since this is copy #27 of Madan's book. We can presumably guess that they worked their way systematically through a copy of Ursinus--but the bookworm apparently didn't care for the prefatory material, because there is no sign of damage here:
In its original state, this copy of Ursinus's The Summe of Christian Religion was consumed along a trajectory that became impossible when the book was disbound. Linda Charnes suggests wormholes as a metaphor for understanding temporality in our relationship to early modernity and the work of time within early modernity itself. She asks, "Is it possible to create a transmissible methodology out of reading for temporal 'wormholes'?" By reading the wormholes in the scattered leaves of this copy of Ursinus, we are confronted with persistent reminders of the former state of these leaves, bound together within the boards of a late-sixteenth century printed book in Oxford. Just as Charnes's metaphor simultaneously invokes holes made by actual worms and events where the space-time continuum collapses, encountering the wormholes shared between two copies of a bibliographic handbook held at two research universities forces us to consider the materialities of the original book and the leaves rebound at Madan's discretion. Indeed, in comparing these copies of Madan's book we are brought to a greater understanding of the original books, and thus fulfill part of Madan's original mission of reaching a greater understanding of early Oxford printing, if through a circuitous path. These books may have been broken apart--and they may still be housed apart--but they have been brought back together again here in the digital ether.
Works Cited
Linda Charnes, "Reading for the Wormholes: Micro-Periods from the Future." Early Modern Culture (2007): http://emc.eserver.org/1-6/charnes.html
Linda Charnes, "Anticipating Nostalgia: Finding Temporal Logic in a Temporal Anomaly." Textual Cultures 4, no. 1 (2009): 72-83.
Christopher de Hamel, "The Leaf Book" in Disbound and Dispersed: The Leaf Book Considered. Christopher de Hamel and Joel Silver, with John P. Chalmers, Daniel W. Mosser, and Michael Thompson (Chicago: The Caxton Club, 2005).
Falconer Madan, "On Method in Bibliography." Transactions of the Bibliographical Society (1893): 91-106.
Falconer Madan, The Early Oxford Press (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895).
In a forthcoming monograph Alberto Manguel discusses the metaphor of the reader as a bookworm who might indiscriminately devour and digest texts (The Traveller, The Tower, The Worm: The Reader as Metaphor [forthcoming from UPenn Press, 2013]). If you're really interested in bookworms, see the fascinating work of Blair Hedges on the traces left by worms in early modern woodblocks: http://science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2012-news/Hedges11-2012
Madan's Early Oxford Press was actually the first volume in what would ultimately become a 3-volume set called Oxford Books: A Bibliography of Printed Works relating to the University and City of Oxford or Printed or Published There (1895-1931). Neither of the later two volumes include any rare materials, nor do reprints of the first volume included in the complete set. This makes The Early Oxford Press a fragment of another sort -- and it's also how I initially overlooked one of the copies of Madan's book shelved on the open stacks. So to conclude here, I've inserted images of the gap in the stacks where one of the stand-alone copies was removed (which itself was part of a larger series of Oxford Historical Society volumes); a side-by-side comparison of this (blue-bound) volume with another (red-bound) stand-alone volume; and the complete 3-volume set, including a reprint of vol. 1, without any rare material:


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Chelsea have held talks with AC Milan coach Carlo Ancelotti, it has been revealed.
The Daily Mail says a meeting between representatives of both parties took place at the George V Four Seasons Hotel in Paris on Monday.
Chelsea received enough encouragement to offer the Italian a four-year contract at £6m-a-season.
However, last night they were forced to release a statement admitting they had not come to an agreement.
Roman Abramovich appears to have decided on Ancelotti after advice from his personal scout Piet de Visser as well as his inner circle at Stamford Bridge.


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If you've ever had to interview a job candidate, you know that there can be a ton of guesswork involved for both parties. But when you add background checking to the mix, you take away much of that guesswork, replacing it with solid facts.
Tag: Worry
Would Background Checking Applicants Benefit Online Dating Services?
If you've ever been set up on a really bad blind date, you know how valuable it would have been to had that date "screened", at least informally. But how about formally?
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eShaki Coupon Code: BA25UND
Discount: 10% off when you shop at eShakti
Ends: 31st July, 2012.
This code can be used in addition to the existing 'up to 40% OFF Sale' (yeah!). It's always smart to find summer dresses on sale now at the end of summer (yet still summer) and coupon codes before you start loading up on already clearance items while online shopping. I always check as many promo codes as possible before I hit "buy now".


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Financial planners who advise military personnel encounter circumstances that might differ from other clients, such as frequent moves and specialized retirement benefits. In some cases, advisers can use Skype or other communication tools to keep clients once they move, experts say.
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text: On Mon, Mar 12, 2007 at 10:29:44PM -0700, Peter Gordon wrote: > On Mon, 2007-03-12 at 22:54 -0600, Jerry Williams wrote: > > Is there a way to tell yum to update what it can and skip things that have > > # yum install yum-skip-broken > # yum --skip-broken <actions> > > Hope that helps. The above works provided you installed a plugin called 'yum-skip-broken'. Available in extras. In extras there is fifteen 'yum-....' packages with various goodies. Michal


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Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
PS - I had heard the same saying, but slightly modified in the quoted text to keep the alliteration alive.
Travelin' Light ride report - 2 up on an ´89 Transalp through the Americas
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Joined: Sep 2009
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Las Cataratas del Iguazú
We were initially happy to be at Iguassu Motorcycle Traveller's Hostel (other link for info on the hostel: bikershelpdesk.blogspot.com)for a number of reasons - staying put in one spot for at least a few days, seeing the incredible natural wonder that is Iguazú Falls, and meeting any travelers that also happened to be there.
(we didn't actually see the falls yet, but I didn't want to keep you waiting too long. Many more pictures below...)
We didn't have any GPS coords for the hostel in hand, but we managed to eventually get in the right neighborhood and find the residential street. At that same moment, a 4x4 Toyota had pulled up that we had last seen in Cochrane, Chile as we worked our way south along the Carretera Austral. Life Remotely was nearing the end of their trip, planning to get to a hotel in Rio to unwind and finish the drafting of the overland cookbook that they had been creating. I am not sure the cookbook would be so helpful for motorcycle travelers, as many of their ingredients and methods relied on the refrigerator that they had with them (not to mention a multiple burner stove and more than one pot...). Additionally, I'm not sure their living and working on the road lifestyle is that broadly applicable, unless you are lucky to have a flexible, internet-based, lucrative position. We tried picking their brains for ways to make their concept work for us and fell short. (Well, back to the drawing board for future life plans...)
We also ran into an Aussie who had been staying there for a few weeks and just recently picked up a BMW G650X (IIRC) to work his way up towards the Guyanas. He had been emailing with Mike about the possibility of buying the trusty ol' TA, but timing wasn't going to work out with our 6 month delay. We had hoped to make it to Foz about 5 days previous because Rodolfo had coordinated a Horizons Unlimited mini-meeting to gather overland travelers from all over the world. It was fine that we missed it, though, because we had a chance to attend an even better party, more to follow on that.
Foz do Iguassu, Brasil is located in a corner of 3 countries with border towns in each, including Puerto Iguazú, Argentina and Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. Given that Paraguay has a reciprocity fee agreement with the states for a visa, we couldn't justify spending US$160 each to spend a day or two in that country. But we crossed the border anyway and bought some cheap tires (which is important given the high prices in Argentina). A pair of Pirelli MT-60's for US$130. Pretty good. And since we still had life left in our current tires, a quote to ship them by bus from Pto Iguazú to ourselves in San Rafael for around US$30. Still a screaming deal compared to new rubber in Argentina.
(lots of traffic flowing into Ciudad del Este to take advantage of the deals on electronics and tires. I guess they sell other stuff there, too, but people we know only seem to talk about electronics and tires.)
The following day we went to check out the Brazilian side of the falls. Mike had visited the falls back in 2000, but was excited to see them again, and was still floored by their magnitude. Jill was equally impressed, deciding that the 5 days of riding straight across the pampas had paid off. Pictures can't do them justice as it's hard to fit in the 3 km of river dropping into the waterfalls up to 80 meters high, but we'll do our best.
According to wikipedia, Iguazu has an average rate of 1,750 m3/s (61,660 cu ft), the second-greatest average annual flow of any waterfall in the world (after Niagara). Its maximum recorded flow was 12,800 m3/s (452,000 cu ft/s). By comparison, the average flow of Niagara Falls is 2,400 m3/s (85,000 cu ft), with a maximum recorded flow of 8,300 m3/s (293,000 cu ft/s). Iguazu has larger drops, of between 65 and 82 meters (compared to Niagara's 50 m), and a larger span at nearly 3 km (Niagara's is ~1.5 km).
Here are some shots from our day at the Brazilian side:
(looking upriver towards the main section of the falls)
(looking towards la garganta del diablo (devil's throat) that you can see better from the Argentine side)
(as you walk along the Brazilian side there are a number of walkways with overlooks to get closer to the thundering, misting falls (and sometimes it's more of a mist, soaking you and all of your clothes, but you're in the jungle and it feels great))
(us looking very photoshopped (but not, we were really there) in a self portrait)
(a misty side view)
(Coatis are most at home at the snack shops...)
(...and scaring tourists like mice in cartoons)
(red brocket deer. Apparently pretty rare to see so plainly. At least that's what some lady in a uniform told us and we believed her)
(view of a main section of the Argentine side with boats below)
(lots of cool butterflies were around)
(we were 5 days late for the HU mini-meeting and 10 days too early for the X-games. Here they are setting up the half pipe)
After a day of walking around the park, a stop for a beer sounded ideal. We found a sports bar showing a soccer match. Unsurprisingly, Bolivia didn't give Brasil too much of a challenge. The beer was good, though.
Rodolfo had invited us to an asado (BBQ) at his parents house to celebrate his younger brother's birthday. What a great day it was! His family is super nice and were happy to host us for an asado of some of the best lamb, chicken and beef we have eaten in a while. Thanks again, Rodolfo!
(preparing the meat with salt, and salt alone)
(Mike excited by what Roberto had cookin')
(us enjoying the asado)
(a homemade Brazilian complete! It had been awhile since we had eaten such a great combination of foods all on one plate, and none homemade. This was most definitely a treat)
The following day we visited the Argentine side of the falls, making a stop along the way at the bus station to ship a bundle of rubber back to San Rafael. Turns out, the bus company wanted the package to look tidy and were not impressed with Mike's hack attempt at wrapping them with free cardboard from the grocery store across the street. So a two dollar plastic wrap job was purchased from the luggage storage facility and we got the tires off of our hands.
(Mike dripping sweat onto the irregular "box")
(There were some other bikers visiting the Argentine side)
(looking uprivier from the Argentine side)
The Argentine side has a different feel than visiting the Brazilian side. Those walkways on the Brazilian side give such a great overview of both sides of the falls while the Argentine side gets you closer up, right next to some of the cascades.
(absolutely beautiful)
(taking the free shuttle boat across to an island gets you another vantage point for the falls, but due to the recent rains, no swimming allowed)
(big birds on a cliff)
(small bird on the rocks)
(us in front of Salto Bossetti)
The jungle setting is home to so much amazing wildlife, big and small. We saw even more fun animals on the Argentine side:
(one of the few coatis away from a snack bar)
(and immediately beside the trail there was about 15-20 monkeys that entertained us for a long while)
(looking down one of the falls)
One of the best known attributes of the falls is la Garganta del Diablo, the roaring main section of the falls. There is a 1 km long walkway out to an overlook that gets you right next to it. We both got stung in the foot/ankle by the weirdest of critters along that walk. At some point we both stepped down and something immediately stung one of our ankles and top of a foot. It looked almost like an evil ear wig and was really stuck into each of our skins (this sounds really weird, but it literally did happen to both of us simultaneously). Knocking the alien creature off left an incredible stinging sensation and some slight swelling for the rest of our walk. Neither one of us has any idea what this thing was, why it didn't attack any other tourists walking on the same walkway, how it attacked both of us simultaneously, and why it hurt so damn bad. The jungle is a crazy place. Cuidado.
(the calm Iguazú river)
(the old walkway, taking out by floods in 1982.)
(the top of the Devil's Throat)
(self portrait in front of la Garganta del Diablo)
(la Garganta del Diablo with sunlit clouds)
Travelin' Light ride report - 2 up on an ´89 Transalp through the Americas
Motojeros blog
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Jan 2008
Location: wet coast, bc
Oddometer: 304
Jill (& mike):
I have followed your adventure from DAY ONE, but mostly lurking and not entering comments . . . until now
those falls are deliciously stunning. Wished I could see them in person. The water is so powerful and makes a person feel so insignificant
enjoy your idle time and reflect on your memories
always look forward to your updates
R1200R + DL650Ak9
click for current spot location
current RR --> click here
Studly Adventurer
Joined: Sep 2008
Oddometer: 518
Later in life I became somewhat allergic to bee stings so have a snake -bee bite kit which draws the venom out,will work with most bites as it has various size cups to match the bite area,alcohol wiped on -allowed to evaporate worked well once for me when a bee got in my jacket,an alcohol wipe was used then.
no swelling or extended inflamation occurred.
I am sure more professional advice can be given,can be found at most us
sporting goods stores,do not know about the SA stores. watch it closely-Painful?
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
It makes us happy to hear that you have been following along with us. It also makes me happy to hear that you are about to set out on your ride across North America. Have fun with it! Looking forward to seeing your route develop and the amazing pictures you get along the way.
(Next time I'll make Jill write back, but be forewarned, the delay in response may be even greater J)
Travelin' Light ride report - 2 up on an ´89 Transalp through the Americas
Motojeros blog
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
Travelin' Light ride report - 2 up on an ´89 Transalp through the Americas
Motojeros blog
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
Parking Lot Camping our way to Uruguay
Brazil is a relatively expensive country for travel, with gas at US$5-6 a gallon and hotels often coming in at US$30 or more (and this isn't even at the beach!), the days add up fast. So we did what we could to eliminate some of the expense - camping at truckstops. It is a great way to keep costs down!
(on the way to Lages)
Trucks often overnight at the stops, so there is always a shower facility, usually a cafe, and if you're lucky, even green grass for the tent. Sometimes there are even pets:
(Truck stops can be full of surprises in Brazil)
Our route was extremely enjoyable, taking us through some nice rural areas of southern Brazil (where buffet restaurants sharing the building with the world's largest jean shop were the norm...) before coming to the highlight of our path towards the coast: Serra do Rio do Rastro.
(we lucked out with good weather and great roads for the ride east)
Serra do Rio do Rastro is a famous twisty mountain road full of hairpin turns set in a deep. lush valley - ideal for a ride!
(this is what we expected for the ride... NOTE: not our photo, borrowed from www.carrosnovo.com)
(...this is the view we got. You can't win 'em all)
As we dropped in elevation the fog lifted and we had another fine afternoon on our hands. We made good progress towards the coast, but found a decent stopping point at another fine truckstop.
(near Imbé)
The next night we were going to stick to our usual truckstop ways, but we somehow got saved by the business of the location. We were still north of Rio Grande but looking for a place to stay after riding the coast road all day. Which was a fine ride, but really not all that great. Mike decided that Xangri-La was the best town for a lunch stop, and while the food was great, the town name might be overcompensating a bit. Otherwise, the coastal road was a clear view at the economic disparity in Brazil - huge, white, gated, immaculate mansions that may get lived in a few days a year located across the highway from heavily lived-in towns built out of their leftovers.
Anyways, a question to the gas station attendant had us asking if we could camp outside the neighboring hotel. They were nice and said yes, and pointed to a spot just inside their parking lot with a touch of grass, and a steaming pile of fresh dog dookie that had us standing and staring at the patch of grass for a short while. Since we were in view of the hotel person we talked to, he came out to point us to another spot, back in the corner under the protection of the covered parking structure. Suh-weet! The sky looked ominously gray, so any bit of covering was much appreciated. About the time we had the first stakes in the ground, some other employee (turned out to be the head guy that night) was yelling at us through the window. In our Spanish-to-Portuguese way, we told him that we had talked with the staff and that we were approved to camp there. The guy was polite enough to stop his pool game and come out to explain himself better. The spot we set up in was the low spot of the parking lot, and since it was in the corner of the walled in parking awning, it turned into a lake in the rain. He pointed us to another protected spot and man, were we lucky he did. That first spot would have had us swimming.
(where we eventually ended up for the night, Camaqua, Brazil)
We have been reeling ever since we lost dolly crossing into Chile at Agua Negra. Thankfully, Brazil and its fine animal products gave us some comfort for the ride back across the plains.
(these animal products are still alive. Lots of capybaras in the wetlands along the southern coast)
In all of our riding in southern Brazil (didn't see these so much on the Transamazonica or BR-319...) we have passed a ton of these radar traps. Most often they are entering/leaving towns. But sure enough, you will see them in the middle of nowhere. I think we got a ticket at all but two of them, but I have no idea where those tickets were sent.
(50 kph is just unnecessary in the middle of nowhere)
At our last lunch stop before crossing into Uruguay, David from Boulder, Colorado, happened to drop in. We had heard about him from some travelers in southern Colombia, and even exchanged emails with him while we were in Ecuador. It's a small world.
(here, saying our goodbyes. Soon to see each other again at the border)
Chuy was an interesting border town, seemingly existing in the no-man's land between Brazil and Uruguay. It's main street had shops, groceries, restaurants, and money changers - what else do you need in a border town? Turns out we needed a phone so that we could call our friend in Rocha, but there was nothing south of the Uruguayan border control until the small town of La Coronilla. So we eventually got in touch with Javier, who we were in touch with through ADVrider, and he immediately invited us and David out to his place.
(David, Javier, and Mike at the asado. Javier was a fantastic host!)
Javier not only met us in town to lead us out to his place, he insisted that we not worry about running to the grocery store to contribute food for the meal. And he cooked up a feast. It was super kind of him to let us drop in like that. The next day David and us rode to Punta del Este, the famed beachfront celebrity hangout of Uruguay. David got checked into a hostel, but we headed back to Alejandro's place to enjoy his company and return the favor of a meal and wine. We still had more than enough time to check out Punta del Este (which is not exactly our scene...).
(we took the scenic way along the coast to get to Punta del Este)
(luckily we got to this little ferry a few minutes before its hours long afternoon siesta)
(beachfront highrises were the norm)
(perhaps Punta del Este's most famous landmark, The Hand, by Mario Irarrázabal. We missed his sculpture in the Atacama desert of Chile, but saw this one)
(sadly, this store was not what it seems)
The ride between Punta del Este and Maldonado is very short, but exciting. The Motojeros Award for World's Most Fun Paved Bridge to Drive Over (that we've seen) goes to:
(if you go fast enough, it's like a small rollercoaster that you are actually controlling)
We were happy to be back in Rocha after just a few hours of the beachside scene (and thankfully we were there during off season).
(Alejandro is big into dual sport and motocross bikes. His ranch is a moto-ranch, including the motocross track pictured here)
(his cattle get to enjoy the rest of his ranch)
Some backroads took us to Montevideo after our short but enjoyable stay with Alejandro. It was time to get moving again to make it back to San Rafael in time!
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csustewy screwed with this post 07-15-2013 at 07:05 AM
Wishing I was riding RTW
Joined: Jan 2006
Location: Gardnerville NV
Oddometer: 2,708
Small adv world, Javier is my Amigo!
My screen name is kind of long. I am the "ME" part, my name is Cory.
Jimmy Lewis quote: "Those KLRs are full of potential. Just takes a rider..."
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
Hope you're well and enjoying your summer, Cory.
Travelin' Light ride report - 2 up on an ´89 Transalp through the Americas
Motojeros blog
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
Giant Rodents in Uruguay
Uruguay is a small country with a huge percent of its land mass dedicated to beef production. Cattle outnumber people by about 3 or 4 to 1, and Uruguayans are proud of their English breed cattle (Hereford and Angus). The industry is so far along that each and every cow is now tagged with a computer chip for tracking. I don't know much about the industry; I do, however, know that Uruguayan beef tastes great! (And no, cattle are not giant rodents.)
Following secondary highways from Rocha took us through some interesting little places in the heart of Uruguay. As we passed through Minas we saw a town that had pulled out all stops for its rodeo, with what seemed like a huge influx of people that live in the surrounding area going to the rodeo grounds, many of them on horseback wearing traditional gaucho clothes. We stopped for lunch at one of the few cafes that was open (ahhh, Sundays...) along with many other people. That poor waitress who had to handle the entire place herself. It wasn't a fast stop, but it was good.
As we got closer to Montevideo, we realized how big that city was. We crossed town to get to the theater district, close to old town, to find the hostels that we had noted. While a few of them had great vibes and super nice staff, parking was a problem in the downtown area. So we finally found a reasonable place in the swanky part of town (Montevideo Up in Punta Carretas, ~US$30 total, incl breakfast) that had a gated front yard for our Transalp. It was a fine place to stay, and had parking, but without the bike we would have rather been more downtown. No problem though, it gave us an excuse to walk through lots of neighborhoods that we wouldn't have seen otherwise.
(walking along the Rambla)
(there are a ton of plazas in old town, this one Plaza Zabala, named for the guy who founded Montevideo)
(Ciudad Vieja = Old Town. Horse drawn collection carts were seen all around town.)
(big tourist destination is the Mercado del Puerto, a literal meat market)
(one of the many meat stands in Mercado del Puerto. Luckily we were there at around 11am, way too early for us to get harassed by the restauranteers.)
(fruit vendor in Ciudad Vieja)
(Plaza Independencia)
(fountain of love with padlocks surrounding it, signed by couples. There are two tango dancers in the background that almost got Mike hit by a car as he waited for a chance to snap a picture with them posed in the background (their fault, definitely). And it still didn't work)
(Jill and street art)
Montevideo was home to the first FIFA World Cup of soccer ('football' to the rest of you) back in 1930. Turns out Uruguay won it, beating Argentina in the final match. The stadium has a museum, but we walked in to find out more about it and caught enough of a glimpse of the inside. No photo was taken, though.
(Estadio Centenario)
Montevideo was not the site of giant rodents, either. Well, at least not while we were there.
We took the main road over to Colonia to check out that tourist hotspot. Colonia is a very well-appointed city with plenty of places to sit on a sidewalk and drink wine, most likely paired with something beef related. We did not participate in that activity. Instead we gave it an unguided moto drive-by. Jill even got some nice pics off the back of the bike.
(palm trees line the road to Colonia)
(old lighthouse and fort in Colonia)
The giant rodent evidence we found was along the coast between Colonia and Carmelo. Alejandro (our friend in Rocha) tipped us off to a site where lots of fossils are washed ashore by the Rio Plata. A small non-descript sign turned us to the river from the highway, eventually arriving at a campground.
(campground entry)
All along this stretch of the Rio de la Plata, fossils, petrified bones and shipwreck evidence keeps turning up. UNESCO has named it some type of archaeological site, but it is more for academic investigations than tourism. Luckily, the young man living at the campground has taken an interest in all of the action. He has met with many of the researchers, has done a ton of internet research, and enjoys sharing his knowledge with visitors. Most importantly, he has walked that length of river countless times and found an enormous quantity of interesting bits. Many of which he has in a storage closet, some he has donated to museums and universities, and we were even lucky enough to be given a couple of small pieces.
(archaeological site where so many bones are washed ashore)
(our personal interpretive guide. It's been too long since we were there and can't remember his name, but he was extremely kind to share so much with us)
(just some of the findings - backbones, shell pieces, finger bones, all sorts of stuff)
(us holding petrified whale vertebrae)
(fossilized shell pieces from a glyptodon, a giant armadillo/hippopotamus thing)
(shark tooth)
Many of these fossils are old, dating back to just after the dinosaurs. But of course, a lot of the findings are modern, like the shark tooth, shipwreck items, and whale bones (which are still old!). This specific area turns up all sorts of interesting creatures though. Including a giant rodent skull dated to 4 million years ago that came from a rodent the size of a bull!
(picturesque views on our way to the bridge to Argentina)
We had heard a rumor that the Uruguayan side of the border was a nicer place to stay than the Argentine side, so we headed towards Fray Bentos. After a long day and arriving in the evening, we opted for a hotel instead of the out of town camping options. The place we found was nice, let us park in the courtyard, and gave us a great chance to explore Fray Bentos for a few hours. The town is only a couple of streets, so easy to explore with an evening and morning. It is also apparently the birthplace of corned beef. I'm surprised it's not a more popular stop for English travelers. We opted for some wood oven cooked pizza that was sensational.
(old building with setting sunlight)
(riverside monument)
(secondary plaza, most likely a statue of Artigas, the leader of Uruguay's independence, but I forget who it is)
The next day we crossed into Argentina with our sights set on a day or two in Rosario before making it back to San Rafael. Rosario turned out to be a great city for a couple day layover, made even better by the hostel staff and other travelers at La Lechuza hostel. Sadly, there was no parking available (tough to find at any of the 4 hostels we tried, including one that had mopeds parked in a wide hallway, but wanted to charge us extra to park the bike - their attitude sent us walking), but the deli next door to La Lechuza had limited access parking (i.e., locked at nights/weekends) behind it that they gave us a reasonable rate on.
(long stretches of bridgework between Victoria and Rosario kept us above the wetlands)
The Paraná river is a focus of Rosario. There are extensive parks along the water front, many with nice walking paths. As you get out of town there are beaches and easy boat rides to get to some more relaxed beaches on small islands.
(the bourgeois birthplace of Ernesto "Che" Guevara was a far cry from his leather moccasin wearing, jungle camp living conditions at the end of his life)
The downtown area of Rosario has it all, from posh, tree-lined boulevards to gritty, bus-fume filled streets. The town has a university feel to it and has long stretches of pedestrian streets that make exploring Rosario by foot natural. One of its best known features is the National Flag Memorial, an enormous memorial situated in the heart of town. Manuel Belgrano (you see his name on streets all over Argentina) was the creator of the current version of the Argentine flag. He supposedly first flew the flag on one of the islands in the Río Paraná directly across from Rosario.
(National flag memorial)
(eternal flame at the National flag memorial)
(one more view. The flag memorial is huge)
(this government building had something to with human rights or minority rights, so appropriately has this colorful flag hanging, akin to the indigenous flag more commonly seen in Bolivia)
(this region relies heavily on the rivers. Here frozen squid in a downtown supermarket)
(some roadside fish options seen as we were leaving Rosario)
The ride out of Rosario was as expected, flat and monotonous. Thankfully, the municipal campground in Rio Cuarto was happy to host us, easy to find, and cheap. After a long couple of days, we were back in San Rafael, ready to learn more about the finca that we'd be caring for over the next 6 months.
(municipal campground in Rio Cuarto, right across from the HoJo casino)
(lots of this when crossing the pampas)
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csustewy screwed with this post 10-04-2013 at 03:04 PM Reason: fotos
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
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Finca life
Our return to San Rafael brought us to our new home for 6 months, a tranquil little finca (= farm) just outside of town, far enough to give it the feel of country living, but with easy access to amenities. The owners of the finca are from the states and needed to get home for about 6 months. We hit it off with them immediately, and perhaps just as important, hit it off with their pets, too.
(view of the finca as you turn into the driveway)
A 2 week overlap gave Jill a great chance to learn what life on the finca was all about (Mike was slacking back in the states for most of that time). The crash course was enough to give us a grasp of what to do, but you know how the unexpected can just pop up...
The first major topic that Jill covered was the garden. They have a nice garden behind the small house that already contained a number of plants (including enough tomatoes to impress a Spaniard in August). Since Jill really enjoys gardening, this piece of the puzzle made sense right off the bat: some weeding, some harvesting, some planting, and lots of salsa making.
Another major topic that was covered was beekeeping. There are about 20 beeboxes housing tens of thousands of bees which provide lots of deep, rich honey. Is it worth it? Maybe...
(those bee suits are great and all, if they are secured well)
(3 bees to the face makes Jill look like this. And she's not even allergic!)
(extracting the honey in a safer environment)
Jill also had the opportunity to learn about taking care of the 20 or so chickens (and a rooster or two). While these strange little creatures can be a lot noisier than the bees, they don't bite (as long as you put the food down quickly).
(I think those chickens are going to get drunk)
The rest of the farm animals consist of 6 beef cows, not dairy, so fairly hands-off. The overview of taking care of them is to keep them in the fenced in paddock. And words were exchanged with both Jill and Mike about how you can herd them into a new paddock, making it sound like such a simple exercise. Well, we did end up moving them to a new paddock, and to any lucky spectators, the exercise must have looked absolutely ridiculous. We set up an electric fence so that both of the grazing areas, old and new, were surrounded. It made sense to just make a little hallway of electric fence to connect the two areas and walk the cows on through. Sounds so easy. We spent the better part of an afternoon walking around in circles trying to convince the stubborn creatures to go through to the other side. We even managed to get one of the six over there that afternoon, but only for a short time. One cow even jumped a section of electric fence, from the "hallway" back into the old paddock (thankfully he landed back in the enclosure), which we didn't even think was possible. After all that fuss, we gave up on them that evening, but left the hallway open that night (it just crossed our own driveway). Sure enough, all of them found the new grazing land that night on their own. That easy, huh...
(these innocent looking beasts can be quite the handful)
But the truly important animals we are here to take care of are Max and Jezebel, the dog and cat. They are both such good pets and love attention, so we do what we can to keep them happy.
(this is Max ready for some attention)
(and this is Jezebel ready for some attention)
One of those unexpected events popped up when Max got sick in the first week that we were on our own. Apparently he hasn't been sick for the past 4 years of living in Argentina, and was rarely if ever sick before that. It just happened to hit him now. It was a stressful day to figure out how to get him to the vet (chocolate lab with Jill and me would be a challenge on the TA) but once we got him there and got him taken care of, he was back to his old self almost immediately. Which was a huge relief for us.
We will be here holding down the finca until November 1, when we will loop back through Uruguay then check out Buenos Aires before heading home.
It's true. The motojeros American travel adventure is coming to a close. Both of us have mixed emotions about that fact. For now, we'll take advantage of our chance to hang out for the winter in San Rafael.
Travelin' Light ride report - 2 up on an ´89 Transalp through the Americas
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Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Mar 2009
Location: north florida
Oddometer: 1,677
GLAD YOU GUYS are still out and about having a good time. the last bunch of pics were great as usual. Thanks for the update!
Wishing I was riding RTW
Joined: Jan 2006
Location: Gardnerville NV
Oddometer: 2,708
Thanks for the update. ALL good things come to an end but thanks for sharing. You have a life time of memories!
My screen name is kind of long. I am the "ME" part, my name is Cory.
Jimmy Lewis quote: "Those KLRs are full of potential. Just takes a rider..."
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: back in Denver
Oddometer: 547
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Suit challenging municipal school voting likely won't be settled quickly
The Shelby County Commission's move last week to block the suburban referendums on new municipal school districts returns the polarizing issue to federal court where both sides had assumed that it would ultimately be decided.
That's because U.S. District Court Judge Samuel H. Mays Jr. made it clear last August — when he upheld other key provisions of the 2011 "Norris-Todd Act" creating a planning and transition process for merging Memphis and Shelby County Schools — that he was not settling the municipal school-district question at that time. He said the issue was not then properly before the court — "not ripe" in legal parlance.
But since that ruling last year, suburban municipal school districts have moved front and center in the long-running debate over public K-12 education in Shelby County. Although both sides express confidence in their legal positions, the ultimate question of whether children in Memphis and its incorporated suburbs will attend the same or separate school systems likely won't be answered for weeks or months, regardless of whether Mays allows the Aug. 2 referendums to proceed.
A County Commission majority filed a motion Tuesday seeking Mays' permission to file a third-party complaint in the school merger case and to block the upcoming referendums in Arlington, Bartlett, Collierville, Germantown, Lakeland and Millington. The motion charges that new municipal districts would effectively segregate schools in violation of the federal and state constitutions, and that efforts to establish the new districts were racially motivated to prevent suburban children from attending the same system as Memphis children.
Suburban leaders and state legislators who sponsored the laws authorizing the districts have vigorously rejected that contention.
The motion, drafted by one of Tennessee's most prestigious law firms — Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz — acknowledges at the outset that it's entirely at the court's discretion whether to allow the complaint to proceed. Although the motion asks for an expedited hearing, no hearing had been scheduled as of Friday.
But with early voting in the referendums set to begin July 13, some court action is likely soon. The threshold issues are whether to allow the commission's intervention to proceed and, if so, whether to block the referendums or let them proceed.
But even with an expedited hearing, a full trial on the constitutional issues raised in the commission's motion almost certainly can't be held before the start of early voting in less than two weeks.
Mays spoke of the time such issues would require in a hearing in May 2011, when Memphis City Schools first challenged the clause in the "Norris-Todd Act" that lifted the ban on new municipal school districts based on potential violations of the equal protection provisions of the U.S. Constitution. "If that matter doesn't resolve otherwise," Mays said, "I would have to perhaps move to those arguments but, if we're going down that road, that requires extensive discovery I think in terms of facts of the matter and requires expert testimony. I would want to hear from people who have spent years studying these matters because that's a matter of the gravest significance to reach that issue."
If suburban residents approve new school districts, elections for new school boards to run them are planned for the November ballot. Federal courts are less reluctant than state courts to overturn election results, especially when the issue is segregation of schoolchildren — in which there is ample precedent for judges to move against popular opinion.
In any event, the six proposed new municipal districts wouldn't begin operating schools until a year after the referendums, even though considerable preparation work would occur during that time. As a whole, those factors mean the judge's decision whether to enjoin the referendums won't be easy but also may not settle the matter because he could still block new districts after residents have voted.
Beyond those threshold questions are the motion's allegations of racial motivation behind the push for new districts. The tone of the complaint angered suburban leaders and supporters.
"The effect of each, or all, of these municipalities creating their own school districts … would be to create predominately Caucasian schools in those municipalities while leaving the Unified Shelby County school district predominately African-American," the lawsuit charged. "This in effect robs the children of Shelby County the right to be educated in a racially integrated system and requires the Shelby County Commission to fund schools that are as de facto segregated as the schools of Shelby County before (the) Brown v. Board of Education decision forced integration of Shelby County Schools."
It also says the suburban cities will be able to supplement base level county and state funding for their schools, allowing them "to pay higher salaries for teachers, buy more computers and other equipment, provide more activities, and build better facilities than the Shelby County School District could, resulting in a lower quality of education" in the unified county schools and "adding to the disparate impact."
It also charges that "racial motivation and discriminatory intent" was behind the Tennessee legislature's enactment of three separate laws in 2011 and 2012 that allow creation of new municipal districts, despite a 1982 ban on new special school districts and a 1998 ban on new municipal districts. It charges that legislative enactment of the "municipal school acts" also was unconstitutional because their effect is limited to Shelby County.
But state Sen. Mark Norris, the Collierville Republican who pushed through the bills that allow the upcoming referendums, just as vigorously argued last week that the effort is on firm legal ground and that the commission's lawsuit won't succeed.
"I think what they filed was filed in bad faith. I think it was filed just to interfere with the referendums, which is an improper response, but that's for the court to decide," he said.
Norris also rejected the lawsuit's assertion that new municipal systems will lead to racial segregation and that the bills were racially motivated. In turn, he said it's "hypocritical" to try to block suburban residents from voting since Memphis residents were allowed to vote last year on surrendering the MCS charter.
Finally, Norris said that Mays' ruling last year upheld the constitutionality of last year's Norris-Todd Act because it did not apply only to Shelby County. He cited language in the court's ruling that said the 2011 law "fills a void in the law by providing legislative guidance about how to conduct the transfer of administration" from one school district to another.
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Joe and Melissa Gorga's money troubles could soon be a thing of the past, because RadarOnline.com has exclusively learned the reality TV starlet is pulling in over $1 million!
While the couple remains largely in debt — unable to afford the build on a dream house they were planning — Melissa's latest book venture combined with her role on the hit Bravo show, is bringing in big bucks for the family.
PHOTOS: The Giudice's 30 Most Shocking Quotes About Fraud & Finances
"Melissa Gorga is making over $1 million right now. Her salary and her book sales have pushed her into a 7-figure earning bracket," a source told Tom Murro .
"Unlike Teresa, she isn't worried about her finances because she has been quietly making good money and doesn't have nearly the expenses that the Giudice's do."
Melissa's co-stars and in-laws, Joe and Teresa Giudice are in dire legal and financial trouble — found guilty of fraud and tax evasion, the couple will face sentencing shortly and could land Teresa 27 months behind bars, while Joe could get five years and be deported back to his native Italy.
PHOTOS: The Bravo Curse! 10 Reality Stars Who Made All The Wrong Headlines After Appearing On TV
As Radar previously reported, Melissa is earning around $250,000 for her season on RHONJ, and she's raking in big money on the sales of her 2013 book, Love Italian Style: The Secrets Of My Hot And Happy Marriage.
"Melissa has negotiated good deals with Bravo," the source continued.
"They've been willing to pay her well because she delivers the drama each season."
Are you surprised to hear Melissa is earning so much? Sound off in the comments below…


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Nevada tribe fights coal plant in pollution battle
LAS VEGAS A tiny Native American reservation outside Las Vegas is trying to persuade the federal government that its community faces serious health risks from a nearby coal-fired power plant by appealing to a nationwide campaign to increase visibility at national parks.
The Moapa Paiute tribe has 300 members, roughly half of whom live on the reservation bordering the Reid Gardner Generating Station in rural southern Nevada. For years, tribe members have complained of skin irritation, lung disease, thyroid problems, aggravated asthma, cardiovascular and heart disease and frequent nose bleeds. Their insistence that these health woes can be linked to the foul air pouring from the plant's multiple smoke stacks have long been ignored, largely because there is no direct medical evidence to back up their claims.
The tribe is hoping to get its voice heard on Thursday, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency holds its first public hearing on the coal plant at the reservation. The meeting is part of an ongoing effort to improve visibility at national parks and wilderness areas by curbing pollution from coal-fired power plants.
The Reid Gardner plant affects visibility at five national parks, including the Grand Canyon in Arizona, Zion in Utah and Joshua Tree National Monument in California, according to the EPA. The agency has already approved new air pollution limits for nitrogen oxide emissions at Nevada's two other coal-fired power plants. But numerous complaints involving the Reid Gardner plant prompted the agency to hold public hearings in the area Thursday to field concerns from community members who don't want to see the 45-year-old facility upgraded. They prefer it be shut down permanently.
Under the 1977 Clean Air Act, the EPA has been ordering coal plants to embrace new technologies and equipment designed to reduce pollutants that obscure visibility of the nation's many stunning vistas and natural landscapes.
In the West, average visibility has dropped from 140 miles to between 35 to 90 miles. The goal is to protect what visibility remains, said Colleen McKaughan, an associate director in the EPA's air division.
"That haze obscures the scenery, especially out here in the West where a lot of people come to see the vistas," she said.
McKaughan said Thursday's meetings were not intended to address anecdotal health complaints. Still, she said the EPA is generally interested in valid health problems caused by pollution.
"We understand why they would prefer not to breathe this stuff. We totally get it," she said.
When coal is burned, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and mercury compounds are released into the air, according to the EPA. Research has shown those fine particles can be linked to serious health problems, including premature death.
But the Moapa Paiute tribe can only rely on general data to back up their claims. Despite their health concerns, the tribe has been unsuccessful in persuading local, state and federal health officials to investigate their complaints.
The lack of direct evidence has stroked accusations that the tribe's medical problems have been exaggerated by environmental activists who want to see the coal plant shuttered.


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"marianske lazne, czech republic" Top 5 Page for this destination Marianske Lazne by betsymarvin
Marianske Lazne Travel Guide: 56 reviews and 232 photos
Having been enchanted with the idea of spas, especially old European ones, we tried Baden Baden and Karlovy Vary (former German Carlsbad) several years ago. In 2003 we checked into the Sanitorium Lietuva in Druskininkai for a week of relaxation and treatments, and liked it so much we returned for two weeks the following year! Druskininkai is particularly known for its wonderful black mud, full of healing qualities, and we enjoyed the hot feel of it, packed around aching joints.
The next year we were ready to try something new, and reserved a week's room, board and therapy course in Marianske Lazne, (old Marienbad), at the elegant Edwardian Grandhotel Pacifik. Here the staff coddled us with delicious meals and treatments like massage, water exercise, mineral baths, peat moss packs, and paraffin, all designed to make our aches and pains disappear.
The town is lovely, and the pace slow; we spent mornings in our hotel, going from one treatment to another, and took walks after lunch, often ending up in a charming cafe for coffee and tortes. Evenings brought little concerts in local churches or hotel salons. We found it so agreeable we came back in '06 for two weeks!
We flew to Prague, where a driver, arranged by the hotel, met us. In the golden late afternoon, we rolled along through fields, villages and woods, about two hours to Marianske Lazne.
The sunny glow on elegant buildings, all in shades of yellow, ivory, gold and cream, greeted us, as did the desk personnel. Nearly all the hotel personnel speak German, as visitors from Germany, Austria and Switzerland comprise a majority, but many also speak English.
Our spacious room, decorated in blues and golds, the Marienbad colors, was ready, and soon we descended to the elegant dining room for supper.
We were placed at a table with four elderly German ladies, and served the meal. Later we would choose from a menu (written in Czech, German, Russian and English) our meals for the week.
Strolling over to the Cross Spring Pavilion, just a couple of blocks away, we pulled out our paper cups to sip from the two springs recommended last year, the Forest Spring and the Rudolph Spring. We find the latter especially delicious, light, slightly sweet and fizzy, but would not drink it for a lengthy time, because of its repressing effect on the intestines. The Forest Spring water, on the other hand, suggested as an anti-inflammatory, has diuretic properties. It springs forth in Hotel Pacifik's lobby as well as in the pavilion.
Upon arrival, the newcomer is sent to a physician in the hotel, who administers a cursory examination and verbal survey, and then prescribes a regimen of water-drinking and treatments, up to six per day.
A beautiful pool with sprays and jets and mosaic'd walls sets the stage for water exercise, while the floors above hold massage and peat packing therapies, baths, electrotherapy equipment, and "Mary's Gas" treatment areas. The latter substance is a form of CO2, believed to relieve pain and stimulate joints and circulation when used in a bag "bath" or injection.
The therapists and technicians all speak German, and many know some English.
- Pros:A marvelous place to relax and rest, with beautiful scenery
- Cons:Rather inaccessible and very quiet
- In a nutshell:It's peace on earth!
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Theodore Roethke
Theodore Roethke (rĕt´kə), 1908–63, American poet, b. Saginaw, Mich., educated at the Univ. of Michigan and Harvard. A poet of the Midwest, Roethke combined a love of the land with his vision of the development of the individual. The moods of his poetry range from acid wit to simple feeling, his poetic technique from straightforward language and meters to free forms that approach the surreal. Among his volumes of poetry are Open House (1941), The Lost Son and Other Poems (1948), The Waking (1953, Pulitzer Prize), Words for the Wind (1957), I Am! Says the Lamb (1961), and The Far Field (1964). On the Poet and His Craft (1965) contains essays and lectures.
See his notebooks, ed. by D. Wagoner (1980); letters, ed. by R. J. Mills, Jr. (1968); biography by A. Seager (1968); studies by J. Parini (1979) and R. Stiffler (1986).
Theodore Roethke: Selected full-text books and articles
Theodore Roethke; Ralph J. Mills Jr.
University of Washington Press, 1965
Theodore Roethke.
Doubleday, 1948
Nicholas J. Karolides.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000 (2nd edition)
Jack Myers; David Wojahn.
Southern Illinois University Press, 1991
Dorothy Nyren; Dorothy Nyren.
Frederick Ungar, 1960 (3rd edition)
Edmund J. Thomas; Eugene G. Miller.
Greenwood Press, 1990
Ian Hamilton.
Oxford University Press, 1996


text:
Neena Vyas
Sushma Swaraj "almost certain" to become Opposition leader
NEW DELHI: There is every indication that L.K. Advani will step down as Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha before the start of the winter session of Parliament in mid-November.
An announcement to this effect could even come earlier, several BJP leaders separately told The Hindu. Some said Mr. Advani's exit could come before the Maharashtra Assembly elections. While it seems that the party's and RSS leaders have yet to zero in on a replacement for party president Rajnath Singh, whose tenure ends in December, for the position held by Mr. Advani, it was "almost certain" that his deputy, Sushma Swaraj, would occupy it.
The confabulations between top BJP and RSS leaders that started a few days ago continued on Sunday with RSS leaders, including chief Mohan Bhagwat and senior leader Madan Das Devi, invited for a breakfast meeting at Mr. Advani's residence.
Some in the BJP said it was a "balancing act." On Saturday Mr. Bhagwat had lunch with Murli Manohar Joshi, who has not got along with Mr. Advani for well over a decade.
After that breakfast meeting, Mr. Devi said: "The RSS is assured the BJP leadership, as a party team, will stand united and face the present situation; overcome all the problems and emerge stronger."
The emphasis was on the "party team." A senior leader said the visit to the residences of Dr. Joshi and Mr. Advani has sent out a clear message that Dr. Joshi would have to be consulted on all major decisions. It seems that besides the RSS, the three among whom consultations would take place and a consensus arrived at on a name for new party president are Mr. Rajnath Singh, Mr. Advani and Dr. Joshi.
It was made clear by several leaders in the party that the RSS was looking "beyond the four names" that were being played up in the media — Arun Jaitley, Venkaiah Naidu, Ananth Kumar and Narendra Modi.


text: The Reboot With Joe Juice Diet: Lose Weight, Get Healthy and Feel Amazing by Joe Cross buy used Used & Rare price $19.01 new from$14.40 shop with confidence SPECIAL SHIPPING CONSIDERATIONS FOR USED & RARE ITEMS. Please see the special considerations for shipping Used & Rare items, including extended delivery times, possible import duties & taxes. Delivered in 3-5 weeks Format: PAPERBACK Publisher: Greenleaf Book Group Press Condition: The following ISBNs are associated with this title: ISBN - 10:1626340811 ISBN - 13:9781626340817 Seller Comments: 1626340811 New book with minor shelf wear. From the Publisher New York Times BestsellerSince his documentary, Fat, Sick & Nearly Dead, was released in 2010 and became a worldwide sensation, Joe Cross has become a tireless advocate for the power of juicing. The Reboot with Joe Juice Diet brings us of the plan that allowed him to overcome obesity, poor health, and bad habits, and presents success stories from others whose lives he's touched. Joe—who managed to lose one hundred pounds and discontinue all his medication by following his own plan—walks you through his life before juicing, sharing his self-defeating attitude toward food and fitness, and brings you along on his journey from obesity and disease to fitness, a clean bill of health, and the clarity of physical wellness. In addition to sharing Joe's inspirational story, The Reboot with Joe Juice Diet gives readers all the tools they need to embark on their own journey to health and wellness, including inspiration and encouragement, recipes, and diet plans.


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John Robertson Duigan MC, Pioneering Aviator (1882-1951)
Image: Glass Negative - J.R. Duigan at the controls of his aircraft, about 1911.
Source: Museum Victoria
John Robertson Duigan was born at Terang in the Western District of Victoria on 31 May 1882. His father, John Charles Duigan was a local bank manager with the Colonial Bank of Australasia and owned a number of grazing properties in Victoria and New South Wales. His mother, Jane Robertson came from an established Western District family. John Robertson was the eldest son of five children which also included three daughters (Alice, Muriel and Edith) and the youngest child, Reginald Charles, born in 1888.
In about 1889 the family moved to Melbourne to live at the seaside suburb of Brighton in an imposing new Italianate mansion on the corner of Moule Avenue and Bay Street. In 1891 as the looming financial crisis put pressure on his father's business interests, they moved to a smaller house in Oak Avenue, Elsternwick. John R. Duigan began attending classes at Brighton Grammar School in 1893. During his time at Brighton Grammar he won the 1898 O'Hara Cup for sports and a physiology prize in 1900. He was also an active member of the school's cadet unit and held the rank of sergeant. After matriculating in May 1901, it was reported that he briefly attended classes at the Working Men's College in Melbourne (now RMIT University), although no record has been found to confirm that he was formally enrolled. Despite qualifying for entry to the University of Melbourne, Duigan decided to travel to Britain to train as an electrical engineer as no suitable courses were available in Melbourne. He departed in October 1901 on the RMS India arriving in London in December 1901.
In early 1902 Duigan began classes at Finsbury Technical College in London. One of his fellow electrical engineering students at Finsbury was Frederick Handley Page, later to become a leading name in British aviation. Duigan completed his certificate in electrical engineering in 1904. While living in Clapham Road, London, he became interested in motorcycling and purchased a machine on which he rode long distance trips to places like Bristol. He completed a course in mechanical engineering and driving at Battersea Polytechnic Institute in 1905, and then worked for the Wakefield & District Light Railway, which operated electric trams near Leeds.
By 1908 Duigan had returned to Melbourne where he worked for a short period with Geo. Weymouth Pty Ltd, one of Australia's leading early manufacturers of electrical equipment. He then joined his brother Reg at 'Spring Plains', a 10,000 acre sheep station owned by their father near Mia Mia in central Victoria. It was here that he received news, via a postcard from a British friend, of Wilbur Wright's extended flights in France in late 1908. Enthused by the practical challenge of achieving powered flight Duigan embarked on a series of practical experiments that would culminate within two years in designing, building and successfully flying the first Australian aircraft. Between July 1910 and May 1911, John Duigan and his brother made some 80 flights in their home-built biplane ranging from short hops of a few metres to three-quarters a of mile (1,200 metres) in duration.
In late 1911, Duigan returned to Britain to obtain an aviator's certificate. He purchased a two-seat biplane 'of the latest type' from A.V. Roe which he fitted with an Alvaston engine. Unfortunately John had bought an untried prototype design which failed to fly at Portholme Meadow with the original engine. Even after fitting a more powerful 8-cylinder 35 horsepower ENV engine and a new propeller carved by Duigan out of Walnut timber, John needed all his engineering and flying experience to coax the aircraft into the air. After almost six months of further tinkering with the biplane at Brooklands, John had accumulated only four hours of flying time, but received his certificate (No. 211) after passing a flying test on 20 April 1912. He sold the aircraft but retained the engine and returned to Australia in late 1912. Along with his brother, John began work at Ivanhoe on another Avro-type biplane of the same basic design using the ENV engine and parts brought back from Britain. By using mountain ash for the frame he managed to considerably reduce the overall weight, but the design still had significant limitations. During its first test flights at Keilor on 17 February 1913, the biplane was caught by a sudden gust of wind while approaching landing and crashed flipping upside down injuring Duigan and severely damaging the plane.
After marrying Kathleen Rebecca Corney at Elsternwick in November 1913, John abandoned his flying pursuits for a time. In partnership with Horace John White, of Elwood, he established the electrical engineering business White & Duigan at 4 Wrights Lane in Melbourne, specialising in the repair of motor car and motorcycle magnetos and the installation of electric lighting sets.
After the First World War broke out Duigan wrote to the Defence Department offering to sell his 1913 biplane for pilot training, but the offer was declined. In March 1916 Duigan joined the Australian Flying Corps (AFC) as a lieutenant, becoming one of the original members of No. 2 Squadron formed at Point Cook. At 33 years of age he was one of the oldest and most experienced pilots in the airforce. After initial training at Point Cook, he sailed for Europe, serving with distinction as a flying instructor in Britain and a reconnaissance pilot on the front line in France and Belgium. In September 1918, he was awarded the Military Cross for 'conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty' in an incident on 9 May when he successfully made a forced landing after both Duigan and his observer were shot during a vicious attack by four enemy aircraft.
After returning to Melbourne in 1919, Duigan sold his interest in the engineering business. In 1920 he donated his original 1910 biplane to the Industrial & Technological Museum in Melbourne. It was delivered in May 1920 after being moved from Spring Plains where it had remained stored in the shed where it was built since it last flew in 1911. In 1928, Duigan and his wife moved to Yarrawonga on the Murray River and opened a garage business trading as Old Bridge Motors. In late 1940, Duigan suffered a heart attack and sold the business in 1941 to return to Melbourne where he worked for the Aeronautical Inspection Directorate (AID). His health declined in that late 1940s and he was diagnosed with cancer in 1950. He died at his home in Warrandyte Road, Ringwood on 11 June 1951.
Crotty, David, A flying life: John Duigan and the first Australian aeroplane, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, 2010.
Kendall, F.J., 'John Robertsoon Duigan, a pioneer aviator in Australia', The Victorian Historical Magazine, No.45, 1974.
Meggs, K., Australian-Built Aircraft & the Industry, vol.1, book 1, 1884-1939, Four Finger Publishing, Seymour, Victoria, 2009.
Parnell, N. & Bouighton, T., Flypast: A Record of Australian Aviation, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1988.
Duigan, John Robertson (1882 - 1951), Australian Dictionary of Biography Online Edition, http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080384b.htm.
John Robertson Duigan & Reginald Charles Duigan, http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/duigan_bio.html.
Items per page: 10 50 (showing 21 - 30) 56 items
Negative - John Duigan in Front of the Damaged Biplane After a Heavy Landing at Spring Pla ...
Negative - Posing with Completed Duigan Biplane Outside Its Shed, Spring Plains, Mia Mia, ...
The Duigan biplane with station workers outside the specially built shed at Spring Plains station, Mia Mia. Reg Duigan may be standing in middle of the group with John Duigan on the rig ...
Negative - Side View of Completed Duigan Biplane Under Tree Near Homestead, Spring Plains, ...
Duigan biplane outside the shed in which it was built at Spring Plains station, Mia Mia in 1910. The biplane is in its modified form with wingtip ailerons and rear elevator.
Negative - Rear View of Completed Duigan Biplane on the Ground, Spring Plains, Mia Mia, Vi ...
Duigan biplane on the ground at Spring Plains station, Mia Mia. The aeroplane is in its final modified form with straight outer wings, wingtip ailerons and rear elevator clearly shown.
Negative - Side View of Completed Duigan Biplane on the Ground, Spring Plains, Mia Mia, Vi ...
Port side view of the second version of Duigan biplane on the creek flat below the station buildings at Spring Plains, Mia Mia. The modified aeroplane features four wing mounted aileron ...
Negative - Pushing the Duigan Biplane Home Up Hill After a Flight, Spring Plains, Mia Mia, ...
Annotation in John Duigan's hand on obverse states : "Pushing it home up the hill Sometimes we used to run the engine instead"
Negative - Take-off of John Duigan in his Biplane, Mia Mia, Victoria, circa 1910
Photograph of John Robertson Duigan making an early flight in his biplane. Taken by his brother Reginald Duigan at the family property, 'Spring Plains', Mia Mia, near Heathcote in centr ...
Photograph - Take-off of John Duigan in his Biplane, Mia Mia, Victoria, circa 1910
Photograph of John Robertson Duigan making an early flight in his biplane. Taken by his brother Reginald Duigan at the family property, 'Spring Plains', Mia Mia, near Heathcote in centr ...
Negative - Duigan Biplane in Mid Flight, Spring Plains, Mia Mia, Victoria, circa 1910
This image was publshed in the Britisjh aviation journal 'Flight' (London), 10 June 1911.
Negative - Underside of Duigan Biplane in Flight at Spring Plains, Mia Mia, Victoria, 1910 ...
View of the modified Duigan biplane flying at Spring Plains, Mia Mia in 1911 flown by John Duigan. The machine has been modified with a rear elevator and four wing-mounted ailerons whic ...From: Mia Mia, Australia Images: 4


text:
The cherimoya, also spelled chirimoya, is the fruit of the species Annona cherimola, which generally is thought to be native to Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia[2] then transported to the Andes and Central America.[2][3][4] Today, cherimoya is grown throughout South Asia, Central America, South America (mainly in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia), California, Portugal, southern Andalucia (La Axarquia), and South of Italy (Calabria).[2]
Mark Twain called the cherimoya "the most delicious fruit known to men."[5] The creamy texture of the flesh gives the fruit its secondary name, custard apple.
Cherimoya is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub or small tree reaching 9 m (30 feet) tall. The leaves are alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate, 7–15 cm long and 6–10 cm broad. The flowers are produced in small clusters, each flower 2–3 cm across, with six petals, yellow-brown, often spotted purple at the base.[2]
The fruit is oval, often slightly oblate, 10–20 cm long and 7–10 cm in diameter, with a smooth or slightly tuberculated skin. The fruit flesh is white and creamy, and has numerous dark brown seeds embedded in it.[2] When ripe, the skin is green and gives slightly to pressure. Some characterize the fruit flavor as a blend of banana, pineapple, papaya, peach, and strawberry. The fruit can be chilled and eaten with a spoon, which has earned it another nickname, the ice cream fruit.
The name originates from the Quechua word chirimuya, which means "cold seeds," because the plant grows at high altitudes and the seeds will germinate at higher altitudes.[2] In Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia the fruit is commonly known as chirimoya (spelled accordingly with the Spanish language rules).
Indigenous cultures[edit]
The Moche culture of Peru had a fascination with agriculture and represented fruits and vegetables in their art. Cherimoyas were often depicted in their ceramics.[6]
The flowers are hermaphroditic and have a mechanism to avoid self-pollination.[2] The short-lived flowers open as female, then progress to a later, male stage in a matter of hours. This requires a separate pollinator that not only can collect the pollen from flowers in the male stage, but also deposit it in flowers in the female stage.
Studies of insects in the cherimoya's native region as its natural pollinator have been inconclusive; some form of beetle is suspected. Quite often, the female flower is receptive in the early part of the first day, but pollen is not produced in the male stage until the late afternoon of the second day. Honey bees are not good pollinators, for example, because their bodies are too large to fit between the fleshy petals of the female flower. Female flowers have the petals only partially separated, and the petals separate widely when they become male flowers. So, the bees pick up pollen from the male flowers, but are unable to transfer this pollen to the female flowers. The small beetles which are suspected to pollinate cherimoya in its land of origin are much smaller than bees.
For fruit production outside the cherimoya's native region, cultivators must either rely upon the wind to spread pollen in dense orchards or else use hand pollination. Pollinating by hand requires a paint brush. Briefly, to increase the fruit production, growers collect the pollen from the male plants with the brush, and then transfer it to the female flowers immediately or store it in the refrigerator overnight. Cherimoya pollen has a short life, but it can be extended with refrigeration.
Cultivation and harvesting[edit]
The tree thrives throughout the tropics at altitudes of 1,300 to 2,600 m (4,300 to 8,500 ft). Though sensitive to frost, it must have periods of cool temperatures or the tree will gradually go dormant.[2] The indigenous inhabitants of the Andes say the cherimoya cannot stand snow. It is cultivated in many places throughout the Americas, including California, where it was introduced in 1871, and Hawaii. In the Mediterranean region, it is cultivated mainly in southern Spain, where it was introduced before 1751[2] in the Motril, Almuñecar and Malaga areas, from where it was carried to Italy and Madeira (Portugal), but now can be also found in Morocco, Tunisia (only in the orchards of Hammamet), Lebanon, Egypt, Cyprus, and Israel. The first planting in Italy was in 1797, and it became a favored crop in the Province of Reggio Calabria. It is also grown in Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand.
Large fruit which are uniformly green, without cracks or mostly browned skin, are best. Unripe cherimoyas will ripen at room temperature, when they will yield to gentle pressure. Ripe fruits keep better in the refrigerator.
Exposure to ethylene (100 ppm for one to two days) accelerates ripening of mature-green cherimoya and other Annona fruits; they can ripen in about five days if kept at 15 to 20 °C (59 to 68 °F). Ethylene removal can be helpful in retarding ripening of mature-green fruits.
Eating characteristics[edit]
Different varieties have different flavors, textures, and shapes.[2] Shapes can range from imprint areoles, flat areoles, slight bump or point areoles, full areoles, and combinations of these shapes. The flavor of the flesh ranges from mellow sweet to tangy or acidic sweet, with variable suggestions of pineapple, banana, pear, papaya, strawberry or other berry, and apple, depending on the variety. The usual characterization of flavor is "pineapple/banana" flavor[citation needed], similar to the flavor of the Monstera deliciosa fruit.
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
|313 kJ (75 kcal)
17.71 g
|Dietary fiber
|3 g
0.68 g
1.57 g
|Thiamine (B1)
(9%)0.101 mg
|Riboflavin (B2)
(11%)0.131 mg
|Niacin (B3)
(4%)0.644 mg
(7%)0.345 mg
|Vitamin B6
(20%)0.257 mg
|Folate (B9)
(6%)23 μg
|Vitamin C
(15%)12.6 mg
|Vitamin E
(2%)0.27 mg
|Trace metals
(1%)10 mg
(2%)0.27 mg
(5%)17 mg
(4%)0.093 mg
(4%)26 mg
(6%)287 mg
(0%)7 mg
(2%)0.16 mg
|Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
When the fruit is soft-ripe/fresh-ripe and still has the fresh, fully mature greenish/greenish-yellowish skin color, the texture is like that of a soft-ripe pear and papaya. If the skin is allowed to turn fully brown, yet the flesh has not fermented or gone "bad", then the texture can be custard-like. Often, when the skin turns brown at room temperature, the fruit is no longer good for human consumption. Also, the skin turns brown if it has been under normal refrigeration for too long - a day or two maybe.
Nutritional value[edit]
In a 100 g serving providing 75 calories, cherimoya is an excellent source (> 19% of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin B6 and a good source (10-19% DV) of vitamin C, dietary fiber and riboflavin (table).
Postharvest handling[edit]
The optimum temperature for storage is 8–12 °C (46–54 °F), depending on cultivar, ripeness stage, and duration, with an optimum relative humidity of 90-95%.[2]
Seeds of cherimoya and other members of the Annonaceae family also contain small amounts of neurotoxic acetogenins, such as annonacin,[2] which appear to be linked to atypical Parkinsonism in Guadeloupe.[7] The seeds are poisonous if crushed open, and an extract of the bark can induce paralysis if injected.[2]
See also[edit]
- (Annona reticulata)
- Atemoya (a cross of A. squamosa and A. cherimola)
- Pawpaw (Asimina spp.)
- Soursop (Annona muricata)
- Sugar-apple (Annona squamosa)
- White sapote (Casimiroa edulis) — sometimes mislabeled as cherimoya
- Wild soursop (Annona senegalensis)
- ^ "Classification for Annona cherimola Mill. (cherimoya)". US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Morton, JF (1987). "Cherimoya, in Fruits of Warm Climates, p 65-9". Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture.
- ^ Popenoe H et al. (1989). "Cherimoya. Lost crops of the Incas: Little-known plants of the Andes with promise for worldwide cultivation". National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 228–239.
- ^ van Zonneveld M et al. (2012). "Mapping Genetic Diversity of Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.): Application of Spatial Analysis for Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources". PLoS ONE 7 (1): e29845.
- ^ Twain M (October 25, 1866). "Kau and Waiohinu in Kilauea, June, 1866". The Sacramento Daily Union.
- ^ Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997.
- ^ Champy P et al. (December 2005). "Quantification of acetogenins in Annona muricata linked to atypical parkinsonism in guadeloupe". Mov. Disord. 20 (12): 1629–3. doi:10.1002/mds.20632. PMID 16078200.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Annona cherimola.
|Look up cherimoya in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
|Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on


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Sharon Morrisey
Gardening chat, Tuesday
Sharon Morrisey, UW-Extension consumer horticulture agent, answered your questions about gardening in her monthly chat. In her role with the UW-Extension, she presents gardening and environmental information through the media and at public programs and exhibits with the assistance of the UW-Extension Master Gardeners. She also writes the monthly gardening calendar for the Journal Sentinel and appears on local TV and radio shows on gardening.
- Q: Louie Sprague, Oak Creek, WI - In an earlier weekday seession you and Gus were discussing the proper method for planting clematis. You spoke of using "coir" as a substitute for peatmoss for enhancing the soil quality. We have been trying to locate "coir" someplace locally and have not had much success. Do you know of a local supplier or is the internet the only option?
- A: Sharon Morrisey - Hello and thanks for joining the JSOnline.com Garden Chat. I will answer questions until 1:00 and then give resources you might use to get your questions answered if I didn't get to yours and for future questions. Louie: Coir is a by-product of the coconut industry. It is soild in "bricks" or "blocks" and isn't always called coir. They compress it into rock hard blocks for ease of transport from the garden center to your home. Then you put it in a very large container and wet it so it puffs up by about 6 - 8 times. I have found it at Steins and Bluemels. Good luck.
- Q: keeptherepublic, Mequon, WI - I'm growing corn in a Square Foot Garden configuration -- a 4 foot by 8 foot raised bed. I planted 2 varietites: Morse Ferry Sugar Dots and Lilly Miller Early Sunglow. Both varieties are about 6 feet tall and are fully tasseled. However, I see silk developing on only 4 plants out of about48 plants -- those on the end (short side) row. The corn was top dressed with 10-10-10 fertilizer when it was about a foot high and has had 2 doses of Miracle Gro foliar feeding during the growing season. The Early Sunglow was planted June 10, and the Sugar Dots was planted about June 13. The "soil" is a 1/3-1/3-1/3 mix of vermiculite, peat moss, and compost with a few bags of extra manure, Miracle Gro Garden soil, worm castings, Schultz Garden Soill mixrd in for good measure. I know that Sq. Ft. Gardening produces a smaller yield than other methods, but 4 ears of corn out of 48 plants seems ridiculous. What do you suppose is wrong? Have you ever heard of a problem like this?
- A: Sharon Morrisey - Keeptherepublic: I hate to say I don't know but...corn needs to be planted in blocks or at least 2 rows side by side - 3 or 4 rows is better. Apparently the pollen has a hard time finding the silks of its own plant and needs some nearby to get good pollination. It should also be spaced about 8 - 10" apart in the row - if it's too close together it can be cramped and not perform well. That might mean that it doesn't produce ears. It also is a heavy feeder so pre-plant granular and then a 10-10-10 at 1' high should be OK. The 2 more applications of Miracle Grow may be too much. Excess N can cause leafy growth over flower production and the tassels and ears are technically both flowers. There may also have been fertilizer in the Miracle Grow Garden Soil and the Schultz Garden Soil so it could be overfertilization that is your problem. Good luck.
- Q: Ted, West Allis - Can new growth on cucumbers be trimmed back without imperiling the existing plant? Our cukes have gone crazy and exceeded even the large trellis/cage we placed on them. Their tendrils are reaching out to grab nearby plants. The cukes themselves are great (just made pickles!) but we are wondering if we can trim back the new and ever-growing arms. Thanks for hosting the chat and helping us.
- A: Sharon Morrisey - Ted: I don't think pruning out some branches of cuke plants should affect the rest of the plant. Obviously, there will be fewer flowers and therefore fewer fruits but it sounds like you have plenty. Good luck.
- Q: Pete, Beaver Dam - I'm trying to kill the weeds near the edge of the lake. ROUND UP seems to be an effective herbicide, but I'm wondering whether there are any DNR regulations that I should be aware of.
- A: Sharon Morrisey - Pete: There is a special version of Roundup for use around water called Rodeo. I would also contact your local DNR office to find out if you need any special permission or if they have other suggestions. Good luck.
- Q: Dawn, Franklin, WI - I planted a garden for the first time in many years and was very pleased with my cucumbers and squash, but had bad luck with the peas. They just turned brown - slowly - and shriveled up even with pods on them! I watered the garden every day and it had full sunshine every day also. I would like to try again next year but don't know what I did wrong. Can you help? Thanks!
- A: Sharon Morrisey - Dawn: There are several types of peas - snow peas are eaten pod and all before the seeds inside enlarge; sugar snap peas can be eaten pod and all before the seeds enlarge or even after for a while, or they can be "shelled" to remove the seeds (which are the peas) to cook and eat or throw in salads; and "shelling" or garden peas of which one never eats the pods. Snap peas and shelling peas can be left on the plants to fully mature and then dry out. Then shell out the dried peas to use in soups this winter. Peas are also a cool season crop so they are planted literally as soon as the soil can be worked in the spring and they grow best during cool spring weather. The good news is that seeds can be sown again right now so they germinate and start to grow while its hot but don't form pods until the weather cools down again in the fall. If the pods still on your plants have dried peas inside, save the peas and add them to other dried beans to make soup. Good luck.
- Q: pland40 - sharon, thanks for taking the time to help us out.last year i purchased 6 fruit trees from a local garden center. while all healthy, none have produced fruit save for 1 cherry.i matched the trees up so there could be polination. these were young trees , does that matter, or could it be a lack of bees? i dont see bees around here until mid summer.
- A: Sharon Morrisey - pland40: Maturity and pollination requirements and weather all affect fruit production. I would suggest looking at the UW-Extension publications on Growing Fruits in Wisconsin. These can be downloaded from the website learningstore.uwex.edu. There's a publication for apples, peaches and other stone fruits and pears. More than likely it is just because they were too young to flower and bear fruit this year. Good luck.
- Q: Steve, Milwaukee - Sharon: Not sure if you can help with this or not, but I've got to give it a shot. I live in the City of Milwaukee. The neighbor who lives behind me has overgrown brush that is starting to seriously overtake my garden. is there a City resource i can contact to have his overgrowth considered a nuisance? I tried the alderman's office, and got no satisfaction.
- A: Sharon Morrisey - Steve: I would keep working with your alderperson or contact the Department of Public Works. Good luck.
- Q: waltjane, Hubertus WI - We have rocky sandy soil in the Holy Hill area. I can not seem to get my geraniums to grow. I am an accomplished gardner but these simple plants are a mystery. I have amended the soil with compost and water when needed. Everything else in the bed is fine. Should I bury them deeper or keep them at the level they were in the pot.
- A: Sharon Morrisey - waltjane: You've got me stumped. But definitely don't plant them deeper or shallower. The addition of some compost or peat is a good idea since sandy soil is so well-drained. Maybe even still, they are drying out. No other reason I can thikn of. good Luck Chatters: Sorry but I must end this session. Please visit the UE-Extension Hort Team webstie at wihort.uwex.edu. Let's cozy up again next month and chat, shall we?