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A light pen which includes a transparent rod at its pointing end through which light is directed to a photodetector that is fixedly positioned within the light pen. The rod is spring loaded and axially slidable in response to applied pressure, resulting in different light intensities being applied to the photodetector and further resulting in an output voltage generated by the photodetector that is directly related to the applied pressure.
1. A light pen assembly comprising:
a tubular front housing having a first opening formed in its front end and a second opening formed in its back end, said second opening forming a first threaded surface;
a tubular back housing having a third opening formed in its back end and a fourth opening formed in its front end, said third opening forming a second threaded surface adapted for screwing to said first threaded surface;
a collimation rod slidably mounted within said front housing and projecting outwardly from said first opening, said rod being essentially transparent and including: a cylindrical detainer section for controlling said outward projection of said rod, an outside end for accepting light into said rod, and an inside end for emitting and dispersing light accepted by said first end; removed;
a photodetector means fixedly mounted within said front housing and axially aligned with said collimation rod for developing a voltage in response to light emitted and dispersed by said inside end of said collimation rod and impinging on said photodetector means, the analog level of said voltage representing a measure of said axially applied pressure and providing a continuously variable control of the output signal of said light pen in response to said applied pressure; and
means for extending said voltage outside said pen via said fourth opening in said back housing.
2. A light pen comprising:
an essentially transparent movable rod protruding from a writing end of said light pen having a first surface at one end of said rod adapted for accepting light; and a second surface at an end of said rod opposite said first end adapted for emitting and dispersing light accepted by said first end, said second surface being perpendicular to the axis of said rod;
means for moving said rod toward said photodetector in proportion to said pressure applied to said light pen along said axis of said rod and for retracting said rod to its original protruded position upon removal of said pressure; and
a photodetector means mounted in said light pen at a fixed distance from said writing end substantially in line with said axis of said rod, including an electrical line extending outside said light pen, for developing a useful and usable voltage output on said electrical line that is continually and directly responsive to said applied pressure.
3. The light pen assembly of claim 2 further including means for amplifying said voltage developed by said photodetector means to provide a control signal whose magnitude is proportional to said applied pressure.
4. The system assembly of claim 2 wherein the front end of said rod is of a generally semispherical shape to permit more light to enter said rod.
5. A light pen system comprising:
a light pen for developing an output signal in response to light accepted by said pen, said pen including a collimation rod slidably mounted within said pen and projecting outwardly from an opening of said pen, with said rod adapted to slide into said pen in response to applied pressure, resiliently slide out of said pen in response to removal of said pressure, and disperse the light flowing through the end of said rod within said pen, said pen further including a photodetector for detecting light dispersed by said rod and developing an output signal proportional to the intensity of the detected light, said intensity being proportional to applied pressure; and
means responsive to said output signal for computing the centroid of said output signal.
This invention relates to a new and improved light pen system for use with graphic displays. More particularly, it relates to a light pen having a new and improved design which permits continuous control of light pen output based on user applied pressure.
In the prior art, light pens have been used as a pointer device in association with computer controlled cathode-ray tube video displays. The pen is most often an object about the size and shape of a fountain pen and inlcudes a means for sensing light and a means for converting this light into an electrical pulse. The pen is pointed by hand to some portion of the picture on the screen, and when the electron beam which is tracing the image causes that portion of the sceen to light up, the pen senses the light and generates an electrical pulse which serves as a signal to the computer. Typically, the computer circuit responds to this signal by reading an address counter having data which tracks the position of the cathode ray at that particular instant. The address in the counter, thus, corresponds to the location on the screen to which the light pen points.
A light pen typically includes an elongated channel for directing light rays emanating from the video to a photodetector within the light pen. One example of a light pen can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,569,617 issued to Allen on Mar. 9, 1971. The light pen disclosed by Allen includes a collimation tube having an internal channel with non-reflective walls. Only light rays that are axially aligned with the channel are transmitted from the video screen to the photodetector. Non-axial light rays emitted from the screen are either not received through the channel opening or absorbed by the non-reflective walls of the channel. Various other light pens have been developed which include a lens for focusing the axially received light. Examples of such pens can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,271,515 issued Sept. 6, 1966 to Harper, U.S. Pat. No. 3,917,955 issued Nov. 4, 1975 to Inuiya and U.S. Pat. No. 4,454,417 issued June 12, 1984 to May.
These pens rely heavily on the ability to detect only the light coming from a small area. In addition to the issue of accepting narrow beams of light from the video screen, prior art light pens also address the issue of light pen activation. A light pen is normally kept electrically disconnected, or off, so that stray light impinging on the pen does not send an unwanted signal to the computer. Only when the light pen needs to be active does the user normally turn the pen "on". Although some light pens employ separate mechanical means to actuate the pen, improved means are disclosed in the Allen, Inuiya and May patents, in which the collimation tube is slidably mounted within an outer housing. When the user presses the collimation tube against the video screen, a miniature switch in the rear of the housing is actuated, thereby signaling the computer that the light pen is active.
None of the prior art light pens permit light from large areas to be accepted and none have means for controlling the electrical output of the pen in response to the pressure applied thereon, save for the on-off switching done by the aforementioned light pens. It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide simple and effective means for translating the pressure applied on a light pen into a continuously variable control of the light pen output.
The object of this invention is achieved with a light pen arrangement, generally shaped like a conventional ball point pen, that includes a transparent rod protruding from the light pen in a manner similar to that of the protruding refill in a ball point pen. Also included within the pen is a photodetector that is mounted at a fixed distance from the end of the pen. A cable, connected to the photodetector, is extended through the end of the pen opposite the end containing the protruding rod, adapted to be connected to the electronic circuitry associated with our computer screen. The transparent rod has a rounded end at the "pointing" end, outside the pen, and a polished face at the opposite end, facing the photodetector.
Light entering the transparent rod at the pointing end is contained within the rod and travels through the rod until it exits at the polished end. At that point the light begins to disperse. Because of the dispersion, the amount of light reaching the photodetector is inversely related to the distance between the polished face of the transparent rod and the photodetector. Normally, the transparent rod is kept at its protruding position by the action of a spring which is situated within the pen and arranged to push the transparent rod outward. When pressure is applied on the pen, the transparent rod is pushed inward against the spring pressure. At that time, the polished end of the rod is closer to the photodetector and, consequently, more light is detected by the photodetector. The pen thus produces an output voltage that is directly proportional to the pressure applied on the pen.
FIG. 1 illustrates the external structure of our light pen, as it is connected to a system that advantageously employs the output signal of our light pen.
FIG. 2 presents a cross-sectional view of our pen, and
FIG. 3 presents an exploded view of our pen.
FIG. 4 illustrates the different light intensities that impinge on photodetector 25 within our light pen as a function of the extension of rod 30 out of our light pen.
FIG. 1 illustrates the external structure of our light pen. It includes a tubular outer casing, or housing, that is made up of a front housing 10 and a back housing 20. Housing portions 10 and 20 are screwed together. Like conventional ball-point pens, our pen's outer housing can be constructed out of metal, plastic, or any other like substance. The far end of back housing 20 contains a porthole 22 to which a spring 41 is connected. An electrical cable 40 is extended through spring 41 and porthole 22 and into back housing 20. Spring 41 prevents cable 40 from bending (at its point of entry into the pen) at a radius that is too small from the reliable operation of the pen.
The near end of front housing 10 also contains a porthole, or an opening, through which a transparent rod 30 is extended. As described hereinafter in greater detail, rod 30 is mounted within the light pen of FIG. 1 in a manner that permits it to slide into the pen's body in response to pressure applied on the pen and communicated to rod 30 in a direction parallel to its axis and the axis of the pen.
The output of our light pen is applied, as shown in FIG. 1, to electronic circuits, 50, that amplify the light output, interpret it, and communicate to subsequent circuitry that controls, for example, the width of the meandering line drawn to follow the meandering movement of the light pen across the video screen. Alternatively, the light output can be used to control the color drawn on the video screen.
FIG. 2 presents a cross-sectional view of our pen, while FIG. 3 presents an exploded view. The parts internal to the pen are shown both in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3, but the following discussion concentrates mostly on the FIG. 3 representation because of the ease with which the various elements can be identified. Thus, the internal parts of our pen are found in FIG. 3 between elements 10 and 20.
Element 21 is the largest element within the pen. Electrical cable 40 connects to the back of element 21, while appended to the front of element 21 is a photodetector 25 and rod 30 together with sleeve 33 and spring 34. More specifically, body element 21 is cylindrical in shape, with a radius smaller than the radius of the cylindrical cavity within the tubular front housing 10. The length of body element 21 is such that, when the pen is assembled, as shown in FIG. 2, the elements within the pen are securely positioned. At the back portion of body element 21 there is a hollow cylindrical nipple, or protrusion 27 of a radius slightly smaller than the radius of element 21. When our pen is constructed of a metallic material, protrusion 27 may advantageously be metallized. This is accomplished by constructing protrusion 27 out of copper or the like, or by sleeving a copper washer into protrusion 27 (not shown).
The front end of back housing 20 contains a hollow cylindrical protrusion 24, whose inside diameter is slightly greater than the outside diameter of protrusion 27. This allows protrusion 27 to slide within cylindrical protrusion 24 when our pen is assembled, as shown in FIG. 2. The outside diameter of protrusion 24 is larger than the diameter of body element 21, and the outside surface is threaded to permit the mating of back housing 20 with front housing 10. Because the outisde diameter of protrusion 24 is larger than its inside diameter, a washer-like surface 28 is created at the end of protrusion 24. A spring 23, interposed between body element 21 and housing element 20 is adapted to slide over protrusion 27 and rest on one end on body element 21 and, rest on the opposite end on surface 28. Thus, cable 40 passes through spring 41, porthole 22, housing element 20 (which has a through passage for cable 40), protrusion 24, spring 23, and hollow protrusion 27 before it reaches element 21.
Element 21 is made of a generally insulating material (electrically) and includes a cavity 29 at its juncture with protrusion 27 to allow the terminal end of cable 40 to reside within cavity 29. Along the length of body element 21 there exist two metallized strips 26 (only one of which is shown) that are diametrically positioned from each other. Each strip 26 extends from cavity 29 to the front portion of body element 21. Cable 40, which contains two wires enclosed in an electrically conductive shield, terminates with short exposed portions of the wire ("pigtails") within cavity 29. The shiled is connected to the metallized portion of protrusion 27, and the two pigtails are each connected to one of the metallized strips 26. When the pen is assembled as shown in FIG. 2, protrusion 27 extends into the cylindrical cavity of protrusion 24, spring 23 is compressed, and the shield of cable 40 makes electrical contact with protrusion 24. Consequently, when our pen is constructed out of a metallic substance, the above-described construction causes the pen to be at the electrical potential of the shield (e.g., electrical ground). Of course, when the pen is constructed from an electrically insulating material, the shield in cable 40 and the metallization of protrusion 27 may be dispensed with.
The front portion of body element 21 contains a hollow cylindrical protrusion 22 of a diameter smaller than that of element 21, whose outside surface is threaded. Metal strips 26 extend to within the cavity formed by the hollow portion of protrusion 22, and a conventional photodetector 25 is permanently affixed within that cavity and connected to metallized strips 26. Advantageously, photodetector 25 is centered on the axis of element 21 in a plane that is perpendicular thereto.
Sleeve 33 is adapted for screwing onto protrusion 22. It has a shape of a truncated cone, or a tapered cylinder, with a through passage centered along its axis. The diameter of the through passage has one value at the narrow end of the truncated cone, extending for a distance into the cone, and another and slightly larger value at the wide end of the cone. Viewed in another way, sleeve 33 is generally conical in shape with a bored hole centered on its axis that runs through the cone, and is countersunk for a distance from the base of the cone. The larger diameter countersinking is such that the inside surface can be threaded and mated with the threading of protrusion 22.
Rod 30, which is designed to be inserted into the through passage of sleeve 33, is generally cylindrical in shape. It may be made out of Plexiglas plastic sheets (which is a registered trademark of Rohm&Has Co. of Philadelphia, Pa.), or any other transparent material and includes a front section 42 that extends to about 75% of the length of rod 30, a back section 31 that extends for about 15% of the length of rod 30, and a cylindrical center section 32 extending for the remainder of rod 30. The front section 42 has a radius that is slightly smaller than the small radius in the through passage of sleeve 33, the center section 32 has a radius that is slightly smaller than larger radius in the through passage of sleeve 33, and the back section 31 has a radius that advantageously is about equal to the radius of front section 42. The free end of front section 42 is spherically rounded and polished to readily accept light from a computer CRT or the like. The free end of back section 31 is flat and also polished, with a surface that is perpendicular to the axis of rod 30.
Spring 34 has an inside diameter that is slightly larger than the radius of back section 31 and an outside diameter that is slightly smaller than the radius of the cylindrical cavity in protrusion 22. Of course, the radius of back section 31 is smaller than the radius of the cylindrical cavity by at least the thickness of the material making up spring 34.
When our pen is assembled, as shown in FIG. 2, one end of spring 34 is placed inside the cavity of protrusion 22, the back section of rod 30 is placed inside the other end of spring 34, and sleeve 33 is placed over the rod 30 - spring 34 assembly and screwed to protrusion 22. This causes spring 34 to be compressed, and the compression force exerted by spring 34 is communicated to rod 30 through the center section of rod 30 (section 32). This forces the front section of rod 30 to extend through sleeve 33. Front housing 10 sleeves over the entire assembly of spring 23, element 21, spring 34, rod 30 and sleeve 33 and attaches to back housing 20 by screwing onto the threaded surface of protrusion 28. As a result, rod 30 extends outside front housing 10.
In operation, when no pressure is applied in our light pen, rod 30 extends to the point where center section 32 reaches the smaller diameter hole bored through sleeve 33. This position, as illustrated in FIG. 4 with pen 100, results in a particular distance D between the polished flat end of rod 30 and the photodetector. When pressure is applied to our light pen, rod 30 is pushed inward, as illustrated in FIG. 4 with pen 200, and the distance between the polished flat end of rod 30 and the photodetector is reduced to d. Since light emanating from the end of rod 30 disperses with distance, less light impinges on the photodetector for light pen 100 than for light pen 200. The signal output of the ight pen is hence proportional to the applied pressure.
One of the features of our light pen is that a large amount of light is accepted by the photodetector. A transparent rod (30) is used to effect the aforementioned dispersion, but it also has the additional property of reflecting light off its cylindrical wall, which channels more light to the photodetector. The rounded tip of rod 30 increases the amount of light reaching the photodetector still further.
Such a condition, which is unacceptable to prior art light pens (and hence, they use only small openings and light channels of air rather than transparent materials of a higher index of refraction), is put to advantage in accordance with the principles of our invention by applying the output signal of our light pen to circuitry that utilizes the increased light. Specifically, circuit 50 (FIG. 1) takes the light output of the pen and calculates therefrom a highly accurate measure of our light pen's position.
The manner in which the above is accomplished may be more clearly understood when it is observed that the light coming from our pen is really a sequence of signals from those pixels on the CRT screen whose light manages to reach the photodetector. That sequence of signals represents a two-dimensional array of light intensities from pixels in the neighborhood of the point at which our light pen is aimed. Having such an array, a centroid of the array can be computed which provides a good indication of the point towards which our pen is directed. Computation of the centroid can be had with a circuit 50 created for that purpose, which is described in "Moment Calculations by Digital Filters," by Z. L. Budrikis and M. Hatamian, in BSTJ Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 217-229, (February 1984).
Although the operation of our pen is described in connection with a CRT display, it should be understood that our light pen can easily be employed in different circumstances without departing from the spirit and scope of our invention. For example, instead of relying on a CRT beam to provide a light to the photodetector which would identify the pen's position, a pad having fine cross marks in the conventional x and y directions can be used, and the photodetector can be caused to detect transitions across the cross marks. The light source can be ambient light or a light source built into the light pen.
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August 1, 2013
Anthony Guzmán
Most can agree that high school was not too challenging. I know this because the standard procedure for me was to complete busy work, memorize stuff and regurgitate that information on test day, forgetting the material almost instantaneously. When I got to college, however, I abandoned that method...fast.
As you move through college, the memorization method fades away into REAL learning because college courses introduce you to the material and demand that you get familiar with the information through study and homework. You are then encouraged to make sense the material your own through personalized notes, diagrams, dialogues, etc. Higher-level courses will require application and synthesis, using what you know and applying it to a new situation or idea.
You will always get a million voices of advice but there isn't always a set answer for it all. My response to your concerns about the academic part of college is simple: It all depends. There are plenty of factors that play into the difficulty of a college class including where you attend school, what your major is, who the professor is, what the grading is like and what the pre-requisites are. Here are my personal tips for a success in the classroom:
Before College
When You Get There
College is not just for smart people: It's for people that want and try to learn. I've seen high school valedictorians fall and barely-admitted students rise, the latter of which proves that if you can get admitted, you have what it takes to undergo the academic rigor. Don't let the saying "College is hard, impossible or not for you" prevent you from giving higher education the old college try!
Anthony Guzmán is currently a rising sophomore at Texas A&M University where he studies business management and Spanish. He hopes to use business to create positive change through non-profit organization. He devotes the majority of his time to Catholic ministry and he also enjoys dancing, being with friends and family, and traveling.
July 3, 2013
Howdy, Scholarships.com readers! My name is Anthony Guzmán, a sophomore business major and Spanish minor from Austin but most importantly, I am the loudest and proudest member of the Fightin' Texas Aggie Class of 2016!
That's my typical introduction as a student here at Texas A&M University in College Station. As for how I got to this point, choosing my school was cake after I experienced A&M's family feel, tradition and dedication to financial aid. (Yay!) I study business management because I love people and intend to use my major to help others through non-profit organizations. I am also the first in my family to attend college so I'm trailblazing and taking advantage of all the opportunities that have arisen right in front of me.
But I am not always doing the nerdy college thing! I love to dance, hang out and meet new friends. I call myself athletic because I casually knock the soccer ball around and I go out for a few long runs. Also, I participate in many organizations: For example, I am heavily involved in ministry at my school's parish, which reflects my deep love for my faith.
As you begin your journey toward college, you may be tempted into thinking, "Look at all these successful college kids...they make it sound so easy" or "I'm not as bright as them." Well don't fall into that: Just over a year ago, I had no idea what, where or if I would study after high school but I was fortunate enough to find resources to help prepare myself for what was to come! So think of this guy Anthony as your friend or big brother, a resource you can utilize. Feel free to pick my brain – that is what I am here for! You are already on your way to a bright future. Thanks and Gig'em!
July 11, 2013
Maybe you grew up in a small town where everyone knows everyone and gossip spreads like wildfire. Or maybe you just want to experience something new. Whatever the case is, my advice to you is to see the world through studying abroad! Who am I to tell you what to do? My freshman year of college has been the best year of my life, partly because I studied abroad. For spring break, the Mays Business School sponsored 15 freshmen to travel to Paris; this trip gave me the travel bug so I started the process for my first study abroad trip.
Imagine the study abroad planning process like an upside-down pyramid: At the top you have, "I want to go somewhere!" but as you move down the pyramid, you narrow your search until you are left with the perfect trip for you. To get to that point, you need to answer these questions:
As you can see, study abroad encompasses many aspects but there are plenty of resources. The first place to begin your search is your school's study abroad office: Set up an appointment, attend a seminar, review the study abroad website or just swing by and look for flyers for different programs. There is something out there for everyone whether you want to learn a language, teach English, dive deeper into your major or explore a different culture. For example, during May and June, I studied with Sol Education Abroad in Costa Rica, took classes at a local university, lived with a host family (my most cherished part) and went on excursions with a great group of students from different colleges.
Everyone's study abroad is unique – I did it my freshman year and it helped me get ahead while I had the time of my life! – but it's on you to make the experience a reality. Bon voyage!
August 13, 2013
Melissa Garrett
Getting a job in college can be a good opportunity for students in financial need, taking off tuition charges or putting more spending money directly into their pockets. Although choosing a job can be a stressful decision, one of the biggest issues comes from deciding between on- or off-campus options. There are upsides and downsides to both but fortunately, it is not too hard to find out which employment choice is better for you.
On-campus jobs are definitely convenient, as they require little traveling time and transportation. Students without cars can greatly benefit from being able to walk to their job within a matter of minutes. If a student decides to do a work-study, then they may get to pay less in college costs; however, campus jobs for one's own profit are often in short supply after work-study students have gotten their jobs. If it's money in your pocket that you are looking for, then on-campus jobs might not be as practical.
Earning money that can be put in the bank is always a good idea and the money earned at an off-campus job can be put towards college costs just as funds from a campus job or work-study can. Bosses at jobs off-campus are sometimes less understanding of a student's college schedule but this can often be worked out with one's employer since businesses surrounding college campuses get many student applicants. There is also the matter of transportation, which can be an issue for students without their own cars.
Whether you decide to work on or off of your college campus, finding one isn't really that difficult. For jobs at school, consult an on-campus career counselor who can guide you in the right direction; you can also check with your department head for a major-related position. Otherwise, search around campus for nearby shops and restaurants – if you take the time to walk in and ask for an application, the result could prove quite beneficial to your college experience!
Melissa Garrett is a sophomore at Chatham University majoring in creative writing with minors in music and business. She works as a resident assistant and is currently in the process of self-publishing several of her books. She also serves as the president of Chatham's LGBT organization and enjoys political activism. Melissa's ultimate goal is to become a college professor herself.
August 5, 2013
School clubs and organizations can be one of the best ways to meet people who share your interests. When you first begin college, the large amount of choices available can be both exciting and overwhelming: It may be tempting to join every group (believe me, I know) but it is best to commit to just one or two that you really enjoy.
When I first started at Chatham, the Student Activities Fair was the best thing ever to me. There was the Creative Writing Club, All Faith Gathering, newspaper and countless other organizations with booths set up and ready to give us information. Everything sounded so interesting that I attended initial meetings for nearly half of the organizations; not only did this prove to be very overwhelming but also I ended up realizing that there were only a few groups that actually lined up well with my genuine interests.
Once I had narrowed down what I would be most interested in, I started to only attend meetings for the Gay-Straight Alliance and Chatham's All Faith Gathering. I went on to become the president of the GSA, which just goes to show that putting a lot of effort into a club you really love can be very beneficial to both yourself as well the club's future! Don't get me wrong, it's always great to lend a helping hand to an organization every once and a while – and by all means attend campus events if they sound like a fun way to support your fellow students! – but you shouldn't overextend yourself.
Although a ton of student organizations can be exciting and the people may be friendly, it's always a good idea to choose wisely and stay actively involved in the ones that most interest you. Remember, you are at school first and foremost to take classes, so don't get so caught up in extracurricular activities that you run out of time to study.
July 23, 2013
When many students begin college, they will be living away from home for the first time. If you are one of these students, it's likely you have a lot of thoughts about living in a college residence hall. You're probably wondering what your roommate will be like, how you will decorate your room and how you will adjust to a new environment but there is an area of residence hall living that is often overlooked: sharing kitchens, bathrooms and other common areas.
During my freshman year of college, I lived in Chatham's Woodland Hall. Though it was a great place to live for the most part – all residents friendly and it is the only residence hall on campus with an elevator – there were some not-so-great qualities as well...the worst being the kitchen. Despite the number of posters that resident assistants hung up asking people to "Please stop dumping food in the sink" and "Please clean up after yourself", no one seemed to listen. (I'm not even going into detail on the condition of the bathrooms.)
It might be easy to say that cleaning up after students is the job of university staff but they can't possibly handle everything, especially when people are being careless and lazy. College students are young adults and learning responsibility is very important. This sort of problem in cleanliness really isn't that difficult to fix and all it takes is a little pitching in from all of the residents. If you pick up after yourself and do your part to make sure things stay clean, chances are that others will follow.
Is there a problem with cleanliness at your school? If so, be sure to report it to your resident assistants so that they can hold a hall meeting. Also, be sure to take charge yourself by expressing your feelings about the place that you live. Tell your friends politely to be sure to clean up after themselves when they are done using a shared space. We are all neighbors in the residence halls and a clean environment is definitely much more pleasant to study in.
July 29, 2013
Whether you dread clothes shopping or can't wait to go back to school in style, there's no denying that new clothes can put a serious dent in your budget. Although college students can spend small fortunes on their new fall wardrobes, they definitely don't have to: Clothing happens to be one of the easiest categories to cut back your spending if you know where to go.
While some people may turn up their noses at the thought of shopping at Goodwill or other second-hand stores, they can actually be great places to find brand names at very low prices. Just recently, I bought some clothes that included a Lip Service dress and tops from Express and Loft among other popular stores...and I walked out of the store having paid less than $20 for all of my new clothes, some of which didn't even appear to have ever been worn. I am very picky about what I wear (I usually prefer black) and even I manage to find several items each time I visit a second-hand shop.
While shopping at thrift stores is fantastic, you must buy with skepticism as you would at any store. Don't load up your shopping cart just because the items are cheap – prices add up and if you are careless, you may end up spending as much money as you would have at a department store! Remember that items have been owned before so check garments for any defects before purchasing. Also, don't forget that a pair of fabric scissors can work wonders: Don't be afraid to get a cheap, plain top and alter it yourself to make it an original.
All of this saved money can really benefit college students throughout the school year. More money in the bank means bigger budgets for textbooks, school supplies and fun...and who DOESN'T need a nice day out with friends after a hard week of studying? The better you learn to balance your budget, the more often you will be able to feel guilt-free treating yourself to a study-free weekend.
September 3, 2013
With the number of single-sex colleges in the nation dwindling, it can be rare to hear someone say that they attend a college for women but for me, it is something that I say with pride. Although some people have perceptions that single-sex institutions take away from one's college experience, I personally believe that it has made mine unforgettable.
I had always visited my family in Pittsburgh during the summers as a teenager. As we would drive around the city looking at universities that I may want to attend, I always immediately dismissed Chatham University. However, I began to wonder how much a single-sex institution could really benefit me and over time, the idea actually became appealing. I looked into it and learned some interesting statistics, such as the fact that only 2 percent of female college graduates attend women's institutions, yet they make up 20 percent of women in Congress.
I ultimately decided to apply to Chatham, which is most famous for alumni Rachel Carson, the marine biologist and conservationist who wrote Silent Spring. Making the choice to come here once accepted was definitely the best one I have ever made: Since we are all women, we can relate to each other well and are free to act as silly and comfortable as we would like. Close bonds are formed that I believe are found much less often at traditional universities. We don't have sororities because essentially, we are one big sorority.
If you are exploring your college options, I encourage you to add single-sex institutions to your list. The experience is enriching and anybody who gets to attend college in this form should consider himself or herself to be lucky. Traditional colleges definitely have their great qualities but I personally wouldn't trade my time at Chatham for anything in the world.
August 27, 2013
Resident assistants. So you've seen them around campus and you admire how much they help out their fellow students. You've seen how much everybody loves them and what a positive impact they have on your university. Are you thinking of becoming a resident assistant yourself? As a new RA, I honestly expected it to be a lot less challenging than it has already proven to be but rather than explaining every last detail, I can tell you that there are some major dos and don'ts for the job:
Most importantly, you should never get involved in something simply for the popularity aspect. If being an RA sounds like something you would be really dedicated to, go for it! It may be a lot of work but if you enjoy helping people, you will probably have a lot of fun being a resident assistant at your university!
July 5, 2013
I am a creative writing major at Chatham University in Pittsburgh, PA. I was raised in Dallas but often visited family in Pennsylvania growing up; I was very drawn to the aesthetic of Pittsburgh, as well as the nice people. Although Chatham's campus is in the middle of the city, its beautiful surroundings and foliage make it a wonderful environment in which to learn. In addition, all of the women of Chatham are extremely kind and supportive of each other. Not very many people experience single-sex education and I have really enjoyed my experience despite my doubts.
I was drawn to a creative writing major because I just love writing and being creative. I am always coming up with new ideas and putting them down on paper; this is also what made me want to be a virtual intern for Scholarhips.com because I love to write about significant events. I am in the process of self-publishing my books of various genres and have a Facebook page dedicated to my projects.
I have little spare time with all that I do around campus but I love to just spend time with friends and go into the city. I love to go out shopping for new items for my eccentric wardrobe and I also enjoy listening to metal music at local shows. Going out for a cup of tea is fun, too.
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I've been a Quentin Tarantino fan for quite a few years now, and I'm also a huge fan of the Sergio Leone Spaghetti Westerns. So when I heard the Tarantino was doing a western I was really looking forward to it, more so than any other Tarantino film.
This film sees the character Django (Jamie Foxx) freed by former Dentist turned Bounty Hunter Dr. King Schultz (Christoph Waltz) on the condition that he helps him find a particular bounty. He then makes a new deal where he will help him find his wife, Brunhilde von Shaft (Kerry Washington) if he agrees to become his bounty hunting partner over the winter.
This was a fantastic film, and one of the best Tarantino has done yet. I still personally prefer Pulp Fiction, and Kill Bill Vol. 1, but this film is as good, if not better than any other film Tarantino has made. This film couldn't have pleased me anymore than it did as it was the perfect blend of a Spaghetti Western film with Tarantino's own unique blend of comedy, and violence. What I love about Tarantino's films are that you get something that's unique, and although it doesn't always work out 100%, he always puts effort in, and produces a very entertaining film. Quentin Tarantino like he's done in the past with his previous films also has a cameo appearance in this film playing an employee of the The LeQuint Dickey Mining Co. This has to be my favorite cameo from him, as it was hilarious. I won't say much more about it as it comes quite late in the film, and I want to avoid spoilers, but it was a very funny sequence.
I will however warn that this film isn't for the faint of heart, as it is very bloody, and violent, and has some sequences that might even offend Tarantino fans, as a horse is shot in the head. This personally didn't bother me, as it wouldn't have been a real horse, but there are some people who would maybe feel a bit squeamish, or upset, so I thought I'd warn you.
I'll move on next to another touchy subject, the language used in the film. I read that there was a lot of controversy over the overly repeated use of the word "nigger" (offensive word so blocked as to avoid any offense, highlight to reveal). I totally understand why this may offend people, and due to me not being one of them people I can't really give a fair point on that. What I will say is that I personally took it with a pinch of salt, and understood that it would be accurately right for the time period, even if it was offensive. I would however advice people to take this as a pinch of salt like I did, and try and forget it, as the film is very entertaining. I would also say that if you think you'd be offended by this not to see the film, as there's no point in going to the cinema to get upset.
The casting in this film was perfect. Initially I wasn't too sure what to make of Jamie Foxx playing the lead role, as I've never been a huge fan of him in the past, but he did a tremendous job as Django. Although I say this I wan't overly surprised that he was good as I have quite enjoyed him in films in the past and he played Ray Charles brilliantly in Ray, and also did a good job in Collateral, which co-stared Tom Cruise. I loved that he played a character who's a bit timid at the start, being a slave with nothing to defend himself, and I especially liked that he quickly learned to defend himself, taking every opportunity that he could. I also loved the emotion that he portrayed in the character cause at the end of the day it's the determination to be reunited with the woman he loves that drives him throughout the film.
Leonardo DiCaprio was also another surprisingly good choice of actor for this film. Don't get me wring DiCaprio has done some amazing films over the years, with Inception, and Shutter Island jumping straight to mind, but I never envisioned him in either a western film, or more importantly as Quentin Tarantino film. He did however do a tremendous job as plantation owner "Monsieur" Calvin Candie. The character was right for DiCaprio and after seeing the film I would be surprised if anyone could have done as good a job, and even more so if someone could do a better job. I especially liked how his teeth were dirty, and miss-coloured due to the amount of smoking that he does. Although this is a very minor detail I hate seeing films were they live in poor conditions, or in Candie's case poor health choices that they appear to have perfect teeth, and nails, whereas in reality they'd either have very dirty teeth, or missing teeth. I also loved the enthusiasm that DiCaprio put into the character, as he could turn from a very friendly individual into a very vicious one, and DiCaprio showed that well.
My favorite actor in this film however was Christoph Waltz. Having seen him in other films, including Tarantino's Inglorious Bastards I expected him do do a good job, but he exceeded my expectations and did a truly outstanding job. He was without a shadow of the doubt the best character in the film as Dr. Schultz. He brought a lot of class, and humor to the film, as his character was well educated, but did things that were so unexpected, that they were hilarious. I also thought that the character was the perfect companion to Django, as he took him under his wing teaching him how to become a brilliant bounty hunter, then he plotted an elaborate plan to help Django reunite with his wife. Waltz did a tremendous job in this film, and truly deserves the BAFTA for Best Supporting Actor.
The rest of the supporting cast was also brilliant including Samuel Jackson as Stephen, "Monsieur" Candie's senior house slave. Jackson has been in nearly every Tarantino film since Pulp Fiction, but this is probably his best performance. He is so funny in this film that I found it hard to stop laughing. Kerry Washington also did a fantastic job as Brunhilde, and the chemistry between her and Jamie Foxx was outstanding.
I will now talk more extensively about the violence in this film. Anyone who's watched any of Tarantino's films know that they are full of violence, strong language, and wherever possible humor. This film however had a lot of violence, an baring Kill Bill Vol. 1 probably the most violence, and blood in any of Tarantino's films to date. The violence in this film was that violent that it felt a bit ridiculous, but in a good way. The violence was that shocking, and unexpected that at certain points I was actually laughing at it. There was also a couple of points were Tarantino was also able to add humor to the violence, which was very nice.
Final Verdict
This was a truly tremendous film, and one of the best Tarantino has made to date. It is also a brilliant western, and I would recommend it to anyone that's either a fan of westerns, or Quentin Tarantino. I will however give a final warning about the controversial elements of the film, as well as the amount of violence, as some people may be offended.


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Doug McBroom
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I am researching my North Louisiana grandparents' surnames: MAY, MCBROOM, PLUNKETT, and ROWELL. Please let me know if you have any information to add to my memorials.
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Warren David Bryant transfer
Thank you for the transfer of the Warren David Bryant memorial in Falls Church, Virginia. I added his parents' memorials and linked the three as part of a section survey.
Added by
on May 30, 2015 10:56 AM
Christy Wallace
RE: Frank Wesley MAY
Hi Doug! I added the photo you requested. Enjoy! 😄
Added by
Christy Wallace
on May 24, 2015 1:31 PM
Alisa Norris Scott
RE: Tombstone picture
You are very welcome! There are two unmarked graves to the right of Charles E May's grave. I would suspect these may be the graves of Mattie May and Robert May. There was an old metal marker there, but all the letters were gone. Eugene May's grave is to the right of the two unmarked graves.
Added by
Alisa Norris Scott
on May 24, 2015 12:18 PM
Sandra Murphy
Children of Helen May Adkins and Lavelle Adkins
Jerry Lynn, Mason and Brooks Adkins are not Helen and Lavelle Adkins children. They are grandchildren. Thanks
Added by
Sandra Murphy
on May 13, 2015 11:50 AM
Colette Alfred-Sikes
RE: Memorial James Junior Tingle
Ok Doug - forgiven this time but don't let it happen again!! :-) Have a good weekend!!
Added by
Colette Alfred-Sikes
on May 09, 2015 9:28 AM
RE: Tombstone Arnold COLE
The obit that's posted is listed in the wrong cemetary - your location is correct! I'm Arnold Cole's daughter, Pamela. I just want to help since it is my dad's grave. The picture you have is of his footstone, and his tombstone is currently on order. It will be about 4 to 5 months before I could send you a picture to post of it (if everything goes right).
Added by
on May 04, 2015 7:58 PM
Byrd Cemetery
Hello Doug, As I recall we just used the map provided by Find A Grave. We rode all over the area and asked some people along the way but had no luck. When the weather gets a little nicer I'll give it another try. Maybe the local funeral home will know. I did save the information you sent. Thanks, Fran
Added by
on Apr 27, 2015 10:48 AM
RE: Tombstone Robert Toombs MAY Jr
Bio adjusted. Is it correct now?
Added by
on Apr 26, 2015 6:44 PM
joe may
RE: Calvin Ray MAY
Hey Doug !!
on the left its Richard in the middle it's Dad ( joe jr) on the right its Calvin
Added by
joe may
on Apr 26, 2015 2:00 PM
A Footstep In Time
RE: Floyd Vernon Hinton
Hi Doug,
If it is not his wife I think it may be one of his sisters. Maxine Blake Morgan posted the photo to ancestry.com. She collected several Hinton photos. I don't know if she has these photos or if she borrowed them from someone else. Have a good one cuz. Donna
Added by
A Footstep In Time
on Apr 23, 2015 9:38 PM
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Just a quick post, revisiting what I wanted to learn this year:
- JavaScript – I can't really say I moved the needle too much on this. I tried a couple rough experiments, but I still want to learn more about architecting larger pieces of code.
- SVG – this is probably the thing on my list I learned the most about. I played with it a lot, and managed to work it into a few projects. I look forward to using it more in 2015.
- CSS Animations – I learned the basics of this, but haven't done a whole lot with it.
- Better SASS architecture – I've figured out some things, but still kind of make it up as I go along for the most part.


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Pastebin Cracking Down On Hackers
After years of use and abuse by hackers, Pastebin is taking a stand by vowing to purge improper use from its servers.
The site was originally created in 2002 to host small amounts of text and was intended for programmers looking to store bits of code and configuration information. More recently, the site has been attracting activity from hacker collectives like Anonymous and LulzSec.
These hackers have used Pastebin for more dubious and often illegal purposes, including the dumping of personal information, passwords, and credit card details. The data dumps are then linked to Pastebin and promoted on Twitter.
Hacktivists have also used the site to test out the effectiveness of distributed denial of service (DDoS) mechanisms that are designed to take down a website.
"In the last three months not a single day has gone by that we didn't get some kind of DDoS attack," Jeroen Vader, the 28-year-old Dutch entrepreneur who bought the site two years ago after relying on it as a programmer, told BBC News. "I do hear from people in the hackers' community that many hackers like to test their DDOS skills on Pastebin."
Vader has vowed to take steps toward cleaning up the site and upgrade its systems for handling the over 1,200 daily abuse reports. Vader told the BBC he plans on hiring more staff that will proactively comb the site so that illicit text posts can be eliminated.
"I am looking to hire some extra people soon to monitor more of the website content, not just the items reported," he said. "Hopefully this will increase the speed in which we can remove sensitive information."
Vader´s latest statements reflect a change in attitude toward content on the site. In an October email exchange with the New York Times, he described a different attitude with respect to the content his site hosts.
"Usually we always remove DOX (personal information document) items, but this one got a lot of exposure and we usually don't remove very popular items unless we get a direct removal request from the authorities, which hasn't happened with the item in question," he wrote
Pastebin´s rising profile and souring reputation have placed the company under increased analysis from law enforcement. Critics of Pastebin have noted that the site´s banner advertisements allow the company to make money off of illegal activity, placing the website in the same category as other scrutinized content hosting sites like Megaupload and YouTube.
In addition to being a hacker haven, Pastebin was a key component in organizing a fledgling Occupy Wall Street movement. As evidenced on the site, many of the movement´s early tactics resembled those of hacktivists.
Personal information of police officials, supposed e-mail addresses of bank executives, or guides on spotting undercover officers were hosted on Pastebin. The site´s predilection for anonymity made for an ideal match for a movement the claimed to represent the "99 percent". Posts of this material could be viewed by anyone with an internet connection and could not be traced to any single individual.


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Flooding is a very common type of natural home disaster. There are various causes of flooding; rain, storms, tsunamis, etc. Whereas you cannot protect your home from a massive flood, you have to resort to restoring your home.
In many cases, this is an unavoidable circumstance. Cleaning up, doing repairs and restoration after flood damage is a lot of work, but it is not overly difficult.
The heaviest hit area of your home would be the basement (if you have one). This is the part of your house that would need work more than any other part.
You will first need to let some fresh air into the basement by opening up the windows or by putting a fan in the basement and turning it up to its maximum.
The electricity in the basement will no doubt have to be turned off. If it's dark, don't switch on the lights. Use a flashlight to see. You can use a pump to drain the stagnant water in the basement—a pump that isn't powered by gas.
Shovel out whatever mud that has settled in the basement once you have got rid of all the water. Clean up everything that has been submerged using clean water and some detergent or bleach where you can. When everything has been cleaned up, pump out the remaining water from the basement and disinfect the entire basement.
Salvage what you can—anything that is not damaged or anything that could survive after it's been dried up. Remove all soaked furniture and have them dried thoroughly so as to save them from mold and mildew growth. Discard any furniture that's made of porous material since it most likely has absorbed contaminated water. When the other furniture (i.e. that made of wood, plastic, etc) has been dried, you should then clean and disinfect it.
Wet plaster, paneling and drywall should be taken out after a flood. This is because this material has most likely absorbed water (most likely contaminated) and mold and mildew will grow inside. If there is dry drywall, clean it well with detergent and clean water and disinfect it well. Check the walls' insulation, get rid of muddied fiberglass. Only replace the insulation when the wall has completely dried up. This can take quite some time (more than a month), so you will need to be patient.
Take a look at the ceiling in case there are humidity swellings. It is also advisable to replace the insulation in the ceiling if it is damaged.
Clean up your floor as best you can. This depends on the types of floors you have. Sanitize them and let them dry up completely. You will also have to inspect the sub flooring in case the tiles need to be taken out. The entire flooring may have to be replaced if it is made of wood, as wood deals terribly with flooding.
Take care of yourself when you handle your household appliances at this time. Water can do all sorts of damage to electric appliances. These appliances could be dangerous when handled incorrectly.
Your best option, though, is to get the help of a reliable professional to help clean up and remodel your house after a disastrous flood. If you aren't qualified, there are things you could miss or handle incorrectly.


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Cheap AGU to Matsumoto flights
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The Comedy In Fifty Shades of Grey
By Amy Nicholson
Wild Tales Lays Bare Everyone's Awfulness
By Stephanie Zacharek
Approaching the Elephant Is a Bracing Education Doc
By Calum Marsh
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By Inkoo Kang
The Results of Our 2014 Film Critics' Poll
By Voice Film Critics
By Alan Scherstuhl
The Blue Room (La Chambre bleue)
By Alan Scherstuhl
Born in 1908 in Rome and raised in poverty by her maternal grandmother, Magnani studied at Rome's Academy of Dramatic Art and sang in nightclubs and cabarets. She had worked in films for almost 20 years before gaining international renown as Pina in Roberto Rossellini's neorealist milestone Rome, Open City (1945). Her harrowing death scene remains one of cinema's most devastating moments. Other collaborations with Rossellini include two short films from 1948: The Miracle and The Human Voice. In the former, Magnani, playing a peasant outcast who believes the baby she's carrying is Christ, plumbs both the sorrow and the righteousness of being alone in the world. The latter film, based on Jean Cocteau's play about a woman desperately trying to salvage a relationship over the telephone, is remarkable for the ways in which Magnani's powerful moments of silence segue into cries of despair.
Magnani, famous for playing mothers and prostitutes, is keenly attuned to the demands of sacrifice and swagger. In Luchino Visconti's Bellissima (1951), she plays Maddalena, a blustery, obstinate stage mother who drags her daughter to Cinecittà for the "Prettiest Girl in Rome" contest. When she realizes that the studio heads are laughing at her daughter's screen test, a shattering close-up of Magnani's face reveals rage, humiliation, and maternal love. As the widowed mother of a teenage daughter in Daniel Mann's 1955 film of Tennessee Williams's The Rose Tattoo, Magnani's adroit, mercurial performing offsets the hammy Method acting of costar Burt Lancaster. The Wild, Wild Women (1958) is notable for pairing Magnani, as an unrepentant streetwalker, with Giulietta Masina in a women-in-prison film. In Pier Paolo Pasolini's Mamma Roma (1962), Magnani is both the mother and the whore, playing an irrepressible prostitute determined to give her teenage son a respectable middle-class life. It is the actress at her most volcanic, erupting with a laugh that could shake the earth.
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These belong to my husband in the same fantasy world where I'm the creator of my own universe and ride into the sunset every evening on a flying octopus.
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Mobile eateries get test Tuesday
Food trucks hope for city council approval
Memphians will get a sampling on Tuesday of the food-truck culture that is so popular in cities such as Austin, Texas, and Portland, Ore.
Mobile vendors will be set up at Court Square as part of the Center City Commission's Downtown Alive! series and in support of legislation before the Memphis City Council that would greatly expand the possibilities for food-truck businesses in the city.
What is being billed as the "Food Truck Fare" is from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. and includes live reggae music.
The council will have a third and final reading Tuesday on an ordinance (No. 5394) that would "allow Self-Contained Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles to operate." Currently, mobile food operations are very limited in what they can sell to simple fare such as hot dogs, cold sandwiches and ice cream.
The ordinance, which passed its first test in March, would change that.
Justin Fox Burks, a local photographer and food blogger, is a member of Beyond BBQ, a newly formed, loose group of food lovers who want to promote Memphis food.
"We were having a brainstorming session," Burks said. "We were throwing around ideas and I threw this out and it was well received."
The Center City Commission was glad to sponsor it, said Leslie Gower, vice president of marketing.
"We actually helped with the legislation," she said. "Originally it was that you had to vend 300 feet from a restaurant, and that wouldn't work Downtown, so we talked with the restaurants and got them behind it and got it changed to 50 feet."
That 300-foot rule will continue to apply outside of Downtown, and a mobile food truck must stay at a location for a minimum of 30 minutes up to as long as six hours at one location -- with a one-hour break allowed.
Fuel Catering, the mobile arm of Fuel Cafe, is one of the vendors that will be out Tuesday, along with YoLo, a Square Meal on Wheels, the Rolling Pit and the Crepe Maker.
Carrie Mitchum and Erik Proveaux, co-owners of Fuel, ended up in Memphis after a mobile catering gig for the filming of "Hustle and Flow."
"We travel all over the country catering films," Mitchum said. "Believe it or not, we opened the restaurant as just to have something extra to do, but now we've tied it all together."
They'll be selling a variety of tacos, rice and beans, veggie burgers and fries.
"We wanted to keep it real simple because we don't know what the standard for street food is here, because the opportunity to find out hasn't been available to us," she said.
A food truck and a cart are different. Trucks, Gower said, are for preparing food on site, while carts are for serving.
Burks recently returned from the South by Southwest Festival in Austin, where he became a believer.
"I ate the best Asian fusion meal I may have ever eaten, and it was served from a truck behind a bar," he said. "I think that was what got me."
-- Jennifer Biggs: 529-5223
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The crowd in the Kern County Board of Supervisors chambers erupted with shouts of rage laced with profanity Tuesday after supervisors unanimously passed a ban on store-front medical marijuana collectives in unincorporated Kern County.
Pot workers, patients, caregivers and their attorneys vowed to immediately launch a referendum to reverse the decision and sue the county to block the ban from taking effect in 30 days.
But the biggest immediate impact of the supervisors' actions could be to the large number of marijuana grows that instantly became illegal Tuesday when supervisors passed an emergency ordinance that limited the number of plants that could be grown on any parcel of property to 12 or less.
Asked how many teams of deputies he had ready to execute raids on marijuana grows, Sheriff Donny Youngblood smiled.
"If I had a marijuana grow right now, I'd be cutting back to 12 plants," Youngblood said. "And I mean tonight."
Supervisors took Youngblood seriously when he told them about a marijuana grow that had been raided just that morning where 17 out-of-county medical marijuana cards were used to power a grow with more than 1,000 plants.
Around the grow, at Fairfax and Panama, were 17 booby traps -- shotgun shells rigged to fire at head or waist level.
"This was a catastrophe waiting to happen," Youngblood said.
The vote to create the emergency ordinance was unanimous.
But, for the people in the supervisors' chambers, the decision that angered them most was the ban on store-front collectives or cooperatives and the sale of edible marijuana products.
They had been rallying against the proposed ban in front of Kern County Superior Court since early Tuesday morning and they were fired up when the vote took place at about 6:30 p.m.
The only option the ordinance leaves patients who rely on marijuana to battle AIDS, cancer and a host of other illnesses is to go to a drug dealer, said attorney Phil Ganong.
"They want us to go to the back alleys so the sheriff can arrest us," he said.
Kern County Counsel Theresa Goldner said that, in her reading of the law, the county is not prohibited from adopting tougher restrictions on medical marijuana than state law up to and including a ban on storefront operations.
But she admitted other attorneys disagree with her.
"There is a difference of opinion on that. Two other attorneys have different opinions than I do on that. I disagree with them," she said.
Ganong said the county would be sued immediately.
But it was when Goldner suggested that medical marijuana patients can find a caregiver to supply their drug for them with just "a few computer key strokes," that Ganong lost his cool, standing up in the middle of the meeting to challenge her statement.
The room erupted into shouting and the small army of Kern County Sheriff's deputies stationed in the chambers cleared the room while Supervisor Mike Maggard called a five-minute recess to restore calm.
Supervisors showed sympathy for a host of patients who shared what the drug does for them.
Ana Ortiz said she was sidelined by the legal drugs she was prescribed for her illness. Medical marijuana changed that.
"They had me on so many medications I wasn't allowed to take care of my grandchildren," she said. "I can now take care of my five grandchildren. I can now take part in my community. I can now take part in my church."
Pony R. Horton of Tehachapi, a long-term AIDS patient, said medical marijuana is keeping him alive by helping him eat.
But he said getting his medicine would be hard if the ban on collectives passed because he won't be able to grow it.
"I grow pot as well as I sing and I sing well enough to turn this microphone into a typewriter," he quipped.
Supervisor Karen Goh said Goldner convinced her that patients would have the opportunity to find their medicine if the ban was passed.
"My intention is not to dispute any of the heartfelt testimony you shared with us," said Supervisor Zack Scrivner, adding that he's sure patients are experiencing relief from their medical conditions. "I'm just trying to address some adverse impacts to businesses in my district."