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Fast break: Celtics-Bulls
|10.30.09 at 10:31 pm ET
The Celtics did it with defense and the bench in the first half and then they buried the Bulls under a 3-point barrage in the second half in a 118-90 win win. While the Celtics pushed the lead into the 30's in the third quarter, this game was essentially over early. The Bulls shot just 5-for-20 in the first quarter and 29 percent in the first half.
The Celtics are now 3-0 and looking very much like the best team in the league.
Player of the game: Paul Pierce. You could make a case for Kevin Garnett (16 points, four rebounds) and Rajon Rondo (16 assists, eight rebounds) as well, but Pierce was solid throughout racking up 22 points, eight rebounds and four assists.
Turning point: At the 4-minute mark of the second quarter Garnett joined Ray Allen and Kendrick Perkins on the bench with two fouls. The Celtics had a 15-13 lead at the time. Over the next 10 minutes the second unit (and Pierce) built the lead up to 14 points, 35-21, and the Bulls never got back in the game. It was a slow, methodical dissection built entirely on defense.
* The Celtics made their first six 3-pointers of the second half, including four from Pierce. The 3-point barrage was just the icing on the cake for the C's. Even though they made just 2-of-10 from beyond the arc in the first half they still shot an even 50 percent from the floor. They said after the Charlotte game that they had not played a complete game yet. Wonder if they still feel that way.
* It's a little unfair to say that this is how the first round of the playoffs would have gone last year if Garnett had been healthy. After all, Rasheed Wallace and Marquis Daniels are now in the mix and the Bulls are without Ben Gordon and are trying to work Luol Deng back into the lineup. Also, Derrick Rose is dealing with an ankle injury. All that said, it's probably a safe bet that the series wouldn't have gone seven games
* Allen moved past John Stockton for 33rd place on the NBA's all-time scoring list. Somehow seems odd to pass Stockton on any list that has to do with scoring.
* With about two minutes left in the game, Doc Rivers emptied the bench to play out the final string. Joining the five before they took the floor was Wallace who was dispensing advice to rookie Lester Hudson.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceGeneral Electric Refrigerator
Level of DifficultyReally easy
Time to do repairLess than 15 mins
Age of ApplianceMore than 10 years
Screw drivers
1 out of 2 people found this instruction helpful
Removed 4 phillips screws from old drawer glides (keep the screws). Placed new drawer glides in place with 4 phillips screws. REALLY EASY. Also replaced the drawer cover gaskets, take off, put on by hand. Like a new fridge!
Help other customers find the most helpful instructions.
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Part Number: PS291086
Part Number: PS306911
Part Number: PS306913
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Every day fans can head over to the Radio Disney website to vote for the songs they want to hear during the Radio Disney Dot Com Top 3 countdown in the afternoon. The fan voted songs are always fabulous, and the songs that made the countdown on June 29, 2014 made for the perfect afternoon dance party!
Magic, Charli XCX and One Republic all made it into the Radio Disney Dot Com Top 3 countdown. Check out the songs that made the countdown below, and let us know which one is your ultimate favorite by taking the poll underneath! We can't wait to hear which song YOU love the best!
Magic "Rude"
Charlie XCX "Boom Clab"
One Republic "Love Runs Out"


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Since 2004, there are an approximated 10.6 million privately-held companies in united state that are 50 % or even more women-owned, representing almost fifty percent (48 %) of all privately-held companies. These companies create 2.46 trillion in sales of air compressor reviews and also use 19.1 million folks all over the country baseding on the April 2004 biennial upgrade on women-owned companies by the Facility for Female's Company Research study. The record was based upon UNITED STATE Demographics Agency information.
Throughout the program, the facilitator asked the audience participants to acquire and also trade cards to understand each various other. Gus's best pressure cooker card was impressive: thick, multicolored, garbage disposal reviews, dual sided, vibrant, glossy as well as finest of all, straightforward. We presented ourselves, chatted and also traded cards for a couple of mins.
Make sure the rate is a reasonable depiction of just how important the business is most likely to be to you. It is certainly adverse to you if a non-performing best paint sprayer business that is massive in possessions is valued based on the internet worth of its possessions. Also in a circumstance where the vendor is company on her rate, enquire as to the approach of evaluation and also obstacle it if you assume it leaves you with an unjust offer.
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Everybody is speaking concerning tiny companies. Simply an extremely tiny portion truly does company and also makes earnings.
It's a little globe. Ordinary aged good sense would certainly see you that a home based business possibility with a natural gas grills or product that has a worldwide market would certainly generate warp speed profits when compared with one that is just within a neighborhood, local, or nationwide location. The profits made from Microsoft with an international market is light years better compared to that of a regional footwear repair service store.
In addition, as you investigate this worldwide house company chance, you will certainly desire to make certain that you are not called for to stock items. Stay clear of these kinds of residence company possibilities like the torment.
In the majority of part of the globe, calling card are utilized to acquire or give call details as well as various other needed individual specifics of your company associate, nevertheless a great deal relies on just how business card is turned over or the means the receiver deals with business card that he obtains. There are specific leaf blower reviews that have actually an established standard concerning bringing as well as getting calling card nevertheless, the basic rules of calling card exchange that is adhered to across the globe can be outlined in the complying with factors.
Whether you are getting a company, paying off previous financial obligations, looking for a less costly price of passion, broadening your company or beginning a brand-new company, company protected chainsaw reviews are the suitable for your strategies. A safe company financing is safeguarded over your home. As a property owner you have to be mindful that non repayment of your protected company lendings will certainly lead to addition of your resulting home or residence.
The business's name in the facility of the proprietor and also the web page's get in touch with details in the bottom left edge offer the very first little bits of info regarding the company to the financier. Not being acquainted with the firm name or the owner, the financier needs to now open up the strategy in order to discover anything purposeful regarding the company endeavor.
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Company financiers would like to make certain there are no skeletons in the closet which your endeavor is not the following Madison Clergyman "black box modern technology"– an advanced innovation that declared to permit normal phone lines to transfer information right into folks's houses at prices faster compared to optical fiber. By presenting remarkable demos, Clergyman persuaded personal company financiers and also experienced firms, such as Hit as well as Intel, to spend cash in his endeavor. In the long run, Clergyman's 'magic box' was just a state-of-the-art scam. Just what we are searching for in company is consumers to buy our services or product,.
It makes feeling to have your company concentration on the client and also just what he desires as well as yet lots of companies fall short due to the fact that they do not ask. If you really want a bigger market share, allow the clients inform you exactly what to offer or generate.
Presumption: This post reviews the framework of a note that consists of simply the company possessions of a company. , if a company additionally consists of genuine estate that is being cost the exact same time as business, that property must be offered in a purchase that is funded independently from business possessions. This enables each to be valued as well as funded in one of the most optimal way. It might be Home-based companies come in all dimensions and also forms. Your home-based company could be as a day care yard, yard as well as service provider treatment, web-site advancement, task purchase and also positioning solution, web-site re-seller, rental solution, associate programme participant, on the internet establishment, Network Marketing expert, wellness professional, company instructor or instructor, and so on. Many individuals no matter of the company they're in will certainly market and also most will certainly fall short!
Some company proprietors are terrified to suggest a percent of development for anxiety it could not occur. Calling a portion and also making a dedication to this outcome will certainly require you to be concentrated and also ingenious to find the remedies that will certainly function.


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Red Lobster
330 South 72nd Street, Omaha, NE 68114Map
+1 402 391 5970
Cuisine: Seafood
If you have a hankering for seafood this is the place to go. Red Lobster has a wide variety of good eats for the whole family. Various appetizers, special entrees, drinks and desserts ensure a menu with something for just about anybody. Lunch and dinner menus include shrimp, soups and salads, seafood platters, chicken, steak, and pasta. For calorie-counters, choose from the LightHouse Menu, which highlights dishes that won't cause you to tip the scales. A Kid's Menu is available with fine fare for the little ones like chicken fingers and mac & cheese. Be sure to save room for a scrumptious dessert. Gift Cards are available as a great gift for the seafood lover.
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0.7 mi
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text: I recently purchased a brand new set of HS4 Carburetors, manifold included, to replace the carbs on my 1967 Midget, as they were not far off the price of rebuilding the old ones. However, when I got them home I realized that they are HS4's and my car has HS2's. Everything appears to match up (apart from the throttle linkage, which I will have to acquire) but I wanted to ask around to see if anyone had either had experience or an opinion on this?


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PHOTO: TATTOO FAIL—Girl Uses Translation Software for Boyfriend's Name
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Many Onondaga County residents are already aware that OCRRA recycles TVs at its Community Collection Center (C3) on Court Street Road. TVs are collected there for recycling for free. The only cost is a little manual labor, as in, residents must unload their TVs from their vehicles on their own. Carts are provided for assistance.
"Delivering a large TV to OCRRA's C3 for recycling can be a challenge for senior citizens or people with disabilities. If you are unable to get help from a friend or family member, doing the right thing and recycling your old TV set can be difficult," said Bob Ripberger, an OCRRA board member.
In an effort to make TV recycling even easier for Onondaga County residents, OCRRA and the Salvation Army are teaming up to offer a free TV collection service to those who are unable to drop their TVs off at C3.
"Both groups are proud to offer a service that assists people in practicing good recycling habits," said Recycling Specialist Ann Fordock.
Eligibility requirements
Individuals must:
Be unable to deliver their old TV sets to C3 due to their age (65+) or some existing physical limitation/handicap.
Be residents of Onondaga County, excluding the town and village of Skaneateles
Not have any other means (i.e. friend or family member) to transport their television to C3, on their behalf.
Simply call 445-0520, ext. 320 to see if you qualify for free pick up from the Salvation Army. This program runs now through Sept. 30, so call today.
Note: TVs from businesses or schools are not accepted. For more information on how to dispose of televisions or other electronics from businesses, visit ocrra.org.
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Sticky Orange Ginger Chicken
Community Recipe from
- 2 pound(s) skin-on boneless chicken thighs
- 1 red onion sliced thinly
- 3 clove(s) garlic minced
- 2 tablespoon(s) ginger minced
- 1/2 cup(s) soy sauce
- 1/2 cup(s) orange juice
- 1 teaspoon(s) Asian Hot sauce (optional)
- 1/4 cup(s) brown sugar
- Combine chicken, red onion, garlic, ginger, soy sauce, orange juice, and hot sauce in a zip top bag and allow it to marinate for 1-24 hours in the refrigerator.
- Remove the chicken from the bag and grill over medium high heat for 4-5 minutes per or until cooked through.
- Meanwhile transfer the marinade to a medium sauce pot along with the brown sugar and boil for 8-10 minutes or until the sauce reduces by half.
- Place the chicken on a platter and drizzle with the sauce.
November 2012
This recipe is a personal recipe added by CassandraNocera and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
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A day after dna brought to light how lab technicians openly flout norms and sign test reports, the state government has said it is in no position to crack down on them. The state said its hands are tied because the draft guidelines of the Maharashtra Paramedical Act, 2013, have been lying with the President of India's office for a nod since a year.
dna on March 11 reported on the malpractices prevalent in the mushrooming pathology laboratories in the city and state (Missing docs: Lab technicians put lives at risk, sign reports).
Director in-charge of the Directorate of Medical Education and Research (DMER) Dr Pravin Shingare said, "DMER has prepared a draft of the Maharashtra Paramedical Act, 2013, and sent it to the president for his signature, which is pending. Hence, the government can't take any action against these laboratories."
Last year, the medical education department had worked on the draft, which, it claims, has regulations in place that require people, who want to open a pathology lab, to acquire permission from it (the department). However, the state has not made the draft available in the public domain yet.
"If laboratories flout norms under this act, they will face action. In the new draft act, it has been specified that laboratories have to work under qualified pathologist supervision," said Shingare.
There are more than 15,000 such labs across the state, of which 1,600 operate out of Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Thane.
Activists have expressed their disdain at the state's lackadaisical approach. They have also demanded that draft copies of the Act be made available for deliberation. They said the state has been involved in similar rule-making processes to curtail malpractices for the past 25 years but hasn't made any headway. They have written to chief minister Prithviraj Chavan, seeking expedited enforcement (of the draft act) and regulation of path labs.
"The deliberations to regulate pathology labs are being discussed since 1988. Till date, we don't have regulatory and enforcement control, licensing, penalty or upgraded rules for pathology labs. They are being run akin to grocery shops," said RPY Rao, president, Society for Awareness of Civil Rights.
In 1997, an eight-member expert committee, comprising state officials and doctors from public hospitals, headed by then Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioner AK Mago, had submitted a report on regulation of pathology labs across Maharashtra to the state government.
"We, at the FDA, have told the state government that pathology labs need to be regulated," said state FDA commissioner Mahesh Zagade.


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As real estate prices continue to skyrocket in China's major cities, the dearth of affordable housing options has pushed low-income earners toward increasingly cramped quarters.
In March, Beijing's tiniest apartments hit the market. Measuring 7.9 feet long, 2.4-3 feet wide and 6.6 feet high, these "capsule apartments" are a twist on Japan's capsule hotels/ The compact housing does not include restrooms, so tenants must leave the building to use public facilities.
The capsule apartments are the patented invention of 78-year-old retired engineer Huang Rixin. The project began in 2008, when Huang saw a photo of a capsule hotel on the internet and was inspired to adapt the design to apartment-style housing.
Moved by the plight of Beijing's "ant tribes," communities of recent college graduates living in crowded, one-story houses on the city outskirts and struggling to get by on meager salaries, Huang felt there was a real societal need for new, affordable housing options.
"China is still a developing country and is still relatively poor," Huang told ABC News. "Its land is mostly fixed, but its people are alive and changing. My concept touches on an ongoing issue, which is how can you create enough housing to accommodate this growing population?"
Huang rented three rooms measuring 80 square feet each in a building in Liulangzhuang, Haidian district. He then divided the rooms into eight smaller rooms, or capsules.
With an area of about 21 square feet each, a capsule contains enough room to fit a twin bed with an adjustable desk. A wire-mesh ceiling provides ventilation, and power outlets installed in the units allow tenants to watch TV and surf the net.
"The capsule apartments protect people's right to life and right to privacy. The design also protects against burglars and fire, while the ventilation system protects people from extreme heat. People can sit, sleep, watch TV and live there for a relatively long time," Huang told ABC News.
Throughout Beijing, the average monthly rental price is 1000 yuan ($146) per person and the average monthly income is 2500 yuan ($366) per person, according to the Global Times newspaper. With a price tag of 250 yuan ($37) a month, Huang's tiny capsule apartments are in demand.
Huang intended for his capsule apartments to act as temporary housing for the college graduates and migrant workers flocking to Beijing in search of better job opportunities. Once tenants are in a stronger financial situation, they can move out and find more permanent lodgings.
One of Huang's former tenants, Zhang Junyou, is a recent college graduate who came to Beijing from Jilin to look for a job. After booking a hotel room for the first few days, Zhang started running out of money and sought an alternative place to stay. Having heard of Huang through media reports, Zhang called the retired engineer, rented a capsule apartment and was able to extend his job search.
"I felt the living conditions were okay, at least for someone who has little other options in Beijing," Zhang told ABC News. "At least the capsule apartment gives you a space of your own and some amenities."
Huang spent more than 30,000 yuan ($4,392) building the eight capsules. In addition, he spent 180,000 yuan ($26,350) to build two loft-style "luxury" capsule apartments in Andingmen.


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Myxedema Coma Center - Hartford, CT
WebMD Physician Directory
Hartford, Connecticut
Myxedema Coma
What is myxedema coma?
Myxedema coma is a loss of brain function as a result of severe, longstanding low level of thyroid hormone in the blood (hypothyroidism). Myxedema coma is considered a life-threatening complication of hypothyroidis...
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The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


text:
Marie is founder and managing editor of Make and Takes, and author of the book, Make and Takes for Kids. There's always a project going on at her house and is often cluttered with crafts, glitter, and glue. When she's not crafting and creating with her kids, she loves to run, read, and blog! Follow her on Twitter and Google+.
July 16, 2011
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It's raining new releases in the Malayalam film industry, but the fact has brought little cheer to movie-goers or makers.
While 142 films were released in 2012, the number has already touched 76 this year. The number of successful films, however, remains minuscule even as the industry bemoans the significant drop in the audience turnout at theatres. The average movie buff, on the other hand, is finding it difficult to keep track of the number of movies released or to make time to watch them. Logic defying sums for which the satellite rights of the films are being bought has only added to the quality crisis faced by the industry.
Sasi Ayyanchira, president, Kerala State Film Producers' Association, says, on an average, five to seven films are released every Friday compared to just one or two in the past.
"Audiences are a confused lot as they have to pick the right movie from these releases, as watching films in theatres have become expensive. By the time they choose a film, the theatres may have stopped screening it," he says.
Satellite rights
Mr. Sasi says the number of releases is likely to come down with television channels reportedly deciding not to buy the satellite rights of small films without established cast and crew and unreleased films.
Liberty Basheer, president, Kerala State Film Exhibitors' Federation, says with so many films being released, theatre owners are forced to change films without giving enough time for the public to form an opinion of a movie. "Audiences have been driven away by the release of many bad films. The decision of channels to go slow on satellite rights will help improve the situation and bring back good films," he says.
Digital revolution
Director B. Unnikrishnan says the digital revolution that has taken the movie industry by storm has proved to be a double-edged sword leading to a drop in the quality of movies being churned out. "Now literally anyone can be a filmmaker. There is no proper monitoring mechanism and some of these projects are dropped midway. Many others that eventually hit the theatres do not survive more than a few shows despite the producers willing to pay the theatre owners to screen them," he says.
Mr. Unnikrishnan says a committed audience that flocked to theatres with a fanatic passion is missing. "Hence, even the most successful films may not run for 100 days as in the past. Filmmakers will have to think out-of-the-box to find alternative avenues for revenue generation," he says.
The director says satellite rights are being exploited despite the creative freedom it offered. "Satellite rights had gone on to logic defying heights as in the case of real estate boom. But the decision to buy only the rights of films with established names will lead to a surge in the rights of those films," he adds.
Sabu Cherian, chairman, Kerala State Film Development Corporation, says the situation will not improve unless the number of releases is brought to around 80 in a year. "Even deserving films are denied their rightful screening days due to the avalanche of releases, a situation for which all stakeholders should share the blame," he says.
Mr. Cherian says the decision not to buy the rights of small films will shut the door on new artistes and technicians. "I personally feel that producers with a standing in the industry should be treated as a separate category and their films should be treated accordingly. When even overnight stars are dictating terms solely on the strength of their satellite rights, why not give producers with decades of experience in the industry their due? Anyway satellite rights were not helping the producer to qualitatively improve the cinema as it ultimately went to actors and technicians," he says.
Lijin Jose, a young director, has a different take. "A film should stand on the strength of its virtue rather than some rights. In fact, over dependence on satellite rights has created a lot of projects without any substance. Filmmakers should focus more on the creative side and see satellite rights only as a kind of bonus," he says.


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The president and vice president will deliver remarks to open the forum and then members of the Cabinet will hold smaller working sessions on job creation, economic growth and green jobs.
"There are companies that are out there that are expanding. ... We have a variety of different ways we can really drill down and come up with concrete new ideas," Jarrett said, adding that the discussions in the job summit will focus on infrastructure, small jobs, exports, green jobs and "innovative ways to retooling our workforce."
In the coming weeks, "the president will be embracing those ideas, working with Congress if legislation is necessary," she added. "We do everything we can each and every day to bring down that unemployment rate."
White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said on Wednesday the government alone cannot create jobs to get the economy moving again.
"That's the private sector," he said. "What I think the president wants to do is hear from them on the type of environment that we can have that would allow for that hiring to take place."
The White House will carry the event live on its Web site at www.whitehouse.gov/live.
The Obama administration also wants regular Americans to contribute ideas to the discussion, and encourages citizens to hold their own forums in their community. The White House will send discussion questions and other material to facilitate the discussions. Hosts then can upload feedback to the White House Web site, where it will be compiled into the forum's report to the president.
Still, Morici said that the summit is another example of Washington trying to fix problems with meetings.
"They think they can solve everything by convening a committee," he said. "Look at his war decision. Obama really doesn't have ideas, and so he can't make decisions and he can't put programs into place that have results."
Bill Dunkelberg, chief economist for the National Federation of Independent Business, echoed that criticism of the administration's efforts, dubbing the jobs summit "a political show." Dunkelberg gave the administration a "D" on creating new jobs.
"There's been a lot of money spent and authorized, but it really hasn't been very effective at delivering job creation," he told ABC News' business correspondent Betsy Stark.
But other analysts take a far brighter view of the administration's efforts, noting that the $787 billion stimulus plan has helped generate hundreds of thousands of jobs.
Just this week, the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office said the stimulus generated up to 1.6 million jobs during the fourth quarter, far exceeding even the administration's claims that the stimulus had saved or created 640,000 jobs.
The stimulus, said Lawrence Mishel, president of the Economic Policy Institute, "was a bold and effective plan that's already created close to 1.5 million jobs."
Mishel, who will be attending the summit, gave the administration an "A" or "A-minus" on its job creation measures. Also among the summit's 130 attendees is Google CEO Eric Schmidt.
While Schmidt acknowledged that "everything in Washington is a little bit of political theater," he noted that the White House has been "pretty focused on the jobs issue privately for a very long time."
"They're very worried about it because they understand it both in an economic context as well as a political context," Schmidt told Stark.


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Home > Health Resources > Health Encyclopedia
THURSDAY, June 26, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Low levels of vitamin D may be a cause of high blood pressure, according to a new study.
Previous research has suggested a strong link between low levels of vitamin D and high blood pressure, but a direct cause-and-effect relationship has not been shown.
Vitamin D is nicknamed the sunshine vitamin because the body produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. People also get vitamin D through foods such as eggs, milk, yogurt, tuna, salmon, cereal and orange juice.
In the new study, researchers analyzed genetic data from more than 146,500 people of European descent in Europe and North America. For each 10 percent increase in vitamin D levels, there was an 8 percent decrease in the risk of developing high blood pressure (or "hypertension").
The study was published online June 25 in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
"In view of the costs and side effects associated with antihypertensive drugs, the potential to prevent or reduce blood pressure and therefore the risk of hypertension with vitamin D is very attractive," study leader Elina Hypponen, a professor from the University of South Australia, said in a journal news release.
But, while the study findings hint at a causal relationship, according to the study authors, it doesn't definitively prove the link.
Further research is needed to confirm that low levels of vitamin D can cause high blood pressure and that taking vitamin D supplements can reduce that risk, Hypponen said.
While the study is "an important step" in understanding how vitamin D levels may influence the development of high blood pressure, "much remains unknown," Dr. Shoaib Afzal and Dr. Borge Nordestgaard, from Copenhagen University Hospital and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, wrote in an accompanying editorial.
They said further studies and clinical trials to prove that vitamin D supplementation can prevent or treat high blood pressure are needed before this approach could be recommended.
More information
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explains how to prevent high blood pressure.
SOURCE: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, news release, June 25, 2014
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II. Chengguan Abuses
[The chengguan officers] verbally abused me and beat me. They said that sale of vegetables on the street is not allowed and this is a regulation. I was beaten up. They hit me in the head and face and my nose was bleeding. They punched me in the face until my face was swollen. [100]
Excessive Force and Torture
Individuals targeted by chengguan efforts are often subjected to physical violence that appears to be gratuitous or excessive in light of the circumstances. Seventeen of the 25 persons we interviewed who experienced violence at the hands of the chengguan reported having been beaten or otherwise physically abused. The violence, often inflicted in view of multiple eyewitnesses, included being slapped, shoved, pushed to the ground, forcibly held down on the ground, dragged, punched, kicked, and thrown from vehicles to the street. Those beatings resulted in injuries ranging from bruises, cuts, and bloody noses to broken bones.
Many of the persons interviewed by Human Rights Watch said that chengguan officials were extremely aggressive and uncommunicative while conducting enforcement operations. This account by Ma Lijun of an encounter between fruit vendors and chengguan in the city of Qingdao in Shandong province on September 21, 2009, is illustrative:
We sell our goods beside a supermarket. On the day of the incident, more than 10 people came out of the supermarket to tell us that we weren't allowed to sell our goods there. We disagreed, and the supermarket staff overturned the fruit stall. The supermarket [staff] rang up the chengguan office. Six chengguan officers arrived, with a chengguan supervisor hurling verbal abuse while getting out of the car. They were swearing the minute they got out of their vehicles [and] they kicked me. Our staff member holding a camera [filming the incident] is a young girl, but [the chengguan officers] surrounded her, held her down, and kicked her. [101]
Street vendors are not the only victims of excessive force by chengguan. Journalists who attempt to report on such incidents have been beaten by chengguan officers objecting to media coverage of their activities. A group of chengguan forcibly dragged away and beat a reporter for Ningxia's New News on the morning of July 7, 2007, while the journalist was trying to interview a local chengguan official. [102] The official was subsequently suspended for an unspecified period of time. [103] On March 17, 2009, a group of seven to eight chengguan officers attacked a journalist while he was filming the scene of a traffic accident in Changsha, Hunan province, with his mobile phone camera. The journalist's wrist was injured when the chengguan officers forcibly confiscated his phone and his wrist later required medical treatment. [104]
The account of journalist Zhang Wei, beaten by chengguan officers on March 26, 2010, in Kunming, Yunnan province, further highlights the risks faced by reporters who cover chengguan-related incidents:
A hawker had been beaten up. A conflict had erupted between the chengguan officers and the hawkers. After the officers hit the man, a crowd surrounded [them], refusing to let them leave. I was about to interview a little girl who was sitting on the ground crying, when [the chengguan] came up to me claiming that I had crossed the police cordon. About six [chengguan] used their plastic batons to hit me, and they kicked me, too. They ignored me completely when I said I was a reporter. Even when my colleague went up to them to prove [my identify using] his identification, they still refused to listen. Although there were police officers on the scene, they did not stop the chengguan officers.[105]
Chengguan officers have also used excessive force in forcible eviction operations and demolitions. Reports of such violence are common in state media coverage of such operations. Kunming policeman Zhang Jingren, for example, was beaten by chengguan when he resisted a December 22, 2010 operation to demolish an illegally enclosed balcony in his home. According to a local news report, "[m]ore than 20 [chengguan] officers knocked Zhang to the ground and beat him with batons," [106] breaking his right leg so badly that required surgery. Authorities announced an investigation into the attack but the results have not yet been made public. [107]
Zhang's experience echoes that of Lin Ping, a 32-year-old woman in Huangshan, Anhui province, who told Human Rights Watch that her grandmother was injured in the course of a chengguan operation to evict her family from their home in the early morning hours of April 20, 2008.
My grandmother and parents came out when they were about to start demolishing. There were 300-400 chengguan officers. The officers hit and verbally abused my grandmother. My family tried to obstruct them when they came. We asked what authority they had for demolishing our house. But there were so many of them, how was it possible for us to stop them? The police were unable to apprehend [the chengguan officers who injured my grandmother], so the manager of the demolition company undertook compensation. Chengguan officers should be the poster children for civil and orderly governance. Why did they do this?[108]
Of the people we interviewed who complained about chengguan actions, most said that the chengguan, who commonly work in teams of up to six individuals, [109] provided little or no legal justification or information about what regulations they were enforcing. That failure to inform is a violation of their obligations under both the Administrative Penalties Law and Administrative Enforcement Law. [110]
Tian Ying, a street vendor beaten by chengguan officers in Shenyang in mid-2007, told Human Rights Watch that she was given no explanation for their actions. "They did not explain [the violation] to me. They would not even talk to you, but just dash up to seize your goods." [111] Cui Aiping, a migrant street vendor from Henan province who sells beef kebabs in Beijing, said that the chengguan who assaulted him in July 2010 likewise failed to provide any legal justification for their actions. "No reason was given. They never told me what crime I had committed. In fact, up to this day, I still do not know if doing this business is legal or not." [112]
In encounters that turn violent, chengguan themselves sometimes become the victims. Our research turned up four cases in which chengguan were killed in the course of their duties in recent years.
In 2006, a Beijing street vendor named Cui Yingjie stabbed a chengguan officer, Lu Zhiqiang, during a scuffle while Lu was attempting to confiscate Cui's cart. A Beijing court subsequently sentenced Cui to the death penalty with a reprieve of two years, a sentence that often leads to eventual commuting of the death penalty. The relatively lenient sentence was due to video footage of the incident which indicated that Cui's actions were not premeditated. In January 2010, in Shanghai, a migrant street vendor surnamed Zhang stabbed to death a chengguan officer surnamed Ju in an altercation sparked by the chengguan officer's effort to get Zhang to stop selling at a subway station exit. The Chongqing municipal government recorded 86 incidents in 2010 in which chengguan officers were hospitalized from violence incurred in the course of their work.
In May 2011, a Shenyang court sentenced street vendor Xia Junfeng to the death penalty for the May 2009 murder of two chengguan officers who had detained him for illegal vending. Xia claimed self-defense and insisted that the chengguan officers had "beat me into a rage." Xia's lawyer, Teng Biao, described the two murdered chengguan officers as "victims of the urban management system."
Professor Cai Dingjian at China University of Political Science and Law in Beijing has asserted that all chengguan use of force is unlawful: "No one is authorized to use violence in China except soldiers and police. By resorting to violence, chengguan have actually violated the law." [113] As the cases above suggest, however, there are instances in which chengguan themselves come under serious attack and, in such cases, the use of force in self-defense may be justified. Article 20 of China's Criminal Law permits all Chinese citizens to use force in legitimate self-defense [114] and may actually allow chengguan greater latitude than others due to their responsibility to enforce regulations aimed at protecting public health and safety. Article 20 stipulates that citizens "shall not bear criminal responsibility" in situations in which they " stop an unlawful infringement in order to prevent the interests of the State and the public from being infringed , or his own or an other person ' s personal rights, property rights, or other rights from being infringe d" to the extent the use of defensive force is "necessary" rather than excessive. [115]
While the cases cited immediately above illustrate that chengguan at times face lethal threats and can be justified in using physical force in self-defense, in most of the cases we and others have investigated, chengguan have used force against alleged administrative wrongdoers not in self-defense, or even as a necessary adjunct to their duties, but excessively, as a form of punishment. Such abuses cannot be justified under article 20 or other provisions of Chinese law.
Illegal Detention
Chengguan have no legal basis to detain alleged violators of administrative regulations: the Administrative Penalty Law, which is the foundation of chengguan law enforcement powers, explicitly limits powers of detention and arrest to China's public security organs. [116] But two of the 25 people interviewed by Human Rights Watch reported that they were illegally detained by chengguan personnel. Another two interviewees said that chengguan had attempted to detain them, but they had successfully resisted those efforts. In each of the four cases, the interviewees were beaten while detained or while attempting to resist detention. Prominent Chinese human rights lawyer Teng Biao argues that chengguan detention of suspects also violates article 238 of China's Criminal Law, [117] a provision that makes violators liable for severe punishment. [118]
Ma Dong, who sells pancakes from a street-cart in central Beijing, told Human Rights Watch of his detention by chengguan officers in November 2009:
The chengguan officers loaded the pushcart I used for selling pancakes, my baking pan, eggs, and other belongings into their vehicle. They also pushed and dragged me into it, too. They verbally abused me while pushing me into the vehicle, and I was also knocked into the vehicle. I couldn't get water to drink when at the [chengguan] brigade office. The chengguan officers did not explain the reason [for my detention]. They only said that peddling is not allowed here. They did not tell me how long I would be detained for. [My detention lasted] from around 10am to about 6pm, until my wife arrived. As I was leaving, the chengguan officer threatened me, saying that if he ever catches me peddling on the streets again, I will have to face heavy consequences. [119]
A Shenyang street sausage vendor, Liao Rong, told Human Rights Watch of the ordeal endured by her husband after he was detained by chengguan officers on May 16, 2009:
We had chosen to set up our stall at one end of [Shengyang's] Nanlejiao Road. We usually chose to set up our stall … in the afternoon, because that's when the chengguan officers would return home for lunch, so none would be on patrol. We had never run into chengguan officers before that [time]. We set out at 10:30am and arrived at the road at 10:40am. Shortly after, the chengguan officers arrived. There were four vehicles with 12 officers. They got out and wanted to confiscate our cart. After removing the cart, they held us down [on the street] and we cried "Please show us mercy, big brother. We will definitely not peddle again." They pinned me down, beat me, and started shoving my husband, pushing against his shoulder. They surrounded us. Whenever [one of the chengguan present] came up to us he would give us a kick, or even hit us. Even passersby were yelling "Stop beating them! How inhuman of you to beat a woman!" At that time, they had dragged my husband into a [chengguan] car—I remember the sole of his shoe had fallen off. They didn't tell me how long he would be detained for. The chengguan office is a street away from the road junction where we were selling fried sausages. [The chengguan] dragged my husband to the [chengguan] office and started asking him if he had an urban or rural hukou. A [second] chengguan officer entered the room and both of them started kicking my husband. That lasted between one and two minutes. My husband was kneeling on the floor … he never once lifted his head. [120]
The vendors decided against filing a police report or pursuing compensation for the beating due to a belief that such efforts would be ignored by the relevant authorities. "Even when such cases [of chengguan violence] are reported, the police would not come … [and chengguan] will never give compensation." [121]
Jiang Jianguo, a 44-year-old migrant street vendor from Hebei province interviewed by Human Rights Watch, resisted chengguan efforts to detain him in central Beijing in August 2009. Although he successfully avoided detention, his resistance resulted in a beating:
I was selling watermelons. Usually no one would [bother us], the chengguan officer would drive past us several times to intimidate us, but this is merely a symbolic gesture. This time, unexpectedly, the chengguan officers drove toward us. The other vendors and hawkers with three-wheel scooters fled into an alley. But I was on a three-wheel tractor and I still had stools and tables placed around, so I wasn't able to leave. The five or six chengguan officers who approached me were very harsh. They instructed me to follow their vehicle using my three-wheel tractor. I refused and claimed that I was waiting for someone. Before I could finish speaking, two chengguan officers flung away the cloth covering my vehicle, grabbed two watermelons, and threw them down [on the ground]. They also kicked over the tables and stools. The ground was covered in bright red watermelon bits. I scolded them, saying they were bandits robbing me. They wanted to drag me up to the chengguan vehicle but my daughter-in-law got nervous. She went to appeal to them [to release me] and then started getting into a scuffle with them. They pushed my daughter-in-law to the ground and [so] I started to fight with them, but was unable to prevail. They kicked me several times and pinned my hands behind my back as if I were a criminal. They wanted to take me to the chengguan vehicle, but I refused to get in because I've heard that once you get into the vehicle, they would draw the curtains and demand that you pay a fine. If you refuse to pay, they will beat you up. [122]
Jiang did not pursue any legal or compensation claims against the chengguan officers who assaulted him, believing that compared to more serious cases of the use of excessive force by chengguan, "my case can be considered trivial." [123] Jiang expressed anger at what he perceived as the arbitrary and unchecked power of chengguan. "The chengguan officers do whatever first comes to mind. If they are feeling happy, they will let you go. If they are not feeling good, they will take out their frustrations on the vendors and hawkers." [124]
Cai Xue, a 32-year-old street vendor from Henan province, had a similar experience when chengguan officers attempted to detain her in October 2010 while she was selling grapes from the back of a cart in central Beijing.
It was around 11:30am when they drew up in a [chengguan] vehicle. Sitting in it were four people, including a man in plainclothes. Like bandits, they just came up and made a grab for my belongings. They climbed onto the vehicle and just started grabbing without any explanation. They seized my grapes. They said it was illegal to sell on the streets. I replied saying … [that] I would not set up a stall here again. The [chengguan] team leader said that's not permissible and wanted me to get into their vehicle. Three [chengguan officers] began to kick me, with each person taking a turn. They threw me from my vehicle into the middle of the road. My body had turned black and blue where they had kicked. Three of them kept cursing, [saying to me], "Fxxx your mother. You dare ask for a reason?" The other chengguan officer, a woman, did not utter a word. She came over because she wanted to stop them from hitting me. They did not confiscate the cart, but they seized all the grapes and threw them all around on the ground. [125]
Police eventually arrived on the scene, criticized the chengguan for "incorrect" procedures, and advised the vendor that she could sue the chengguan officers who had abused her if she was "dissatisfied with their law enforcement method." [126] However, the police took no action to interview or detain the chengguan officers who had beaten her and destroyed her property, and subsequently allowed the chengguan officers to leave the scene without any consequences. [127] Like other victims of chengguan violence, the vendor decried their arbitrary, violent law enforcement methods. "I believe that as law enforcement officers, [chengguan] should enforce the law, but they should not beat people." [128]
Abuses Accompanying Confiscation of Goods
Chengguan frequently confiscate goods from street vendors. There is legal authority for such confiscations, but it is vague. The Administrative Penalty Law stipulates that "administrative organs" tasked with administrative regulation enforcement can confiscate "illegal gains … unlawful property … or things of value," but does not provide any specific criteria for those categories.[129] The Administrative Enforcement Law provides general criteria for confiscations [130] —chengguan may seize premises, facilities, or properties related to the "illegal acts" (with the exception of "daily necessities," which may not be confiscated)—and stipulates the process by which seizure and confiscation should occur. [131]
[According to Wang Jianping, a professor of law at Sichuan University, China's Property Law[132] emphasizes the inviolable nature of private property and should be interpreted to prohibit "[confiscation of] peddler's merchandise and dealing wares."[133] Renmin University law professor Wang Yi has similarly argued that the Property Rights Law protects all citizens, including unlicensed street vendors, from arbitrary confiscation of their belongings.[134]
Regardless of whether confiscation of goods is legal or appropriate in any given case, however, such confiscation should never be conducted with unnecessary violence. As detailed below, our research shows a number of instances in which chengguan confiscation of goods was accompanied by beatings and other abusive behavior.
A 36-year-old migrant vendor from Henan, Li Jiawen, suffered injury when chengguan confiscated her three-wheel cart loaded with corn on November 20, 2010, in Beijing. [135]
Around 4pm, the chengguan officers came over to confiscate the three-wheeler. My wife held on to the vehicle and refused to let go of it. Three or four chengguan officers went up to her. They twisted her arm, breaking the little finger on her left hand. We lost our vehicle and the corn in it.[136]
The victim's husband said that Beijing municipal police subsequently arrived on the scene and brokered a medical compensation payment by the district chengguan authorities of 4,500 Yuan (US$705) for his wife. [137]
Wang Weiwei, a 41-year-old female migrant vendor from Hubei province who sells vegetables on the streets of central Beijing, told Human Rights Watch of the hazards she faced when resisting chengguan confiscation of her goods in April 2010:
I had set up my vegetable stall on the ground by the road. Three or four chengguan offices came over, wanting to raid my vegetable stall, but I defended it and refused to let them have it. They came up wanting to grab it by force; we got into a scuffle and started fighting. They verbally abused and beat me. They said that the sale of vegetables on the street is not allowed and that this is a regulation. I was beaten up. They hit me in the head and face and my nose was bleeding. They punched me in the face until my face was swollen. [138]
With police assistance Wang was subsequently able to negotiate for 500 Yuan (US$78) in medical compensation from the chengguan officers who beat her.
Even compliance with a chengguan confiscation operation is no guarantee of immunity from physical violence. A 36-year-old female spring roll vendor in Shenyang, Liao Meihua, told Human Rights Watch that she was beaten by chengguan officers in mid-2007 despite her lack of resistance when they confiscated her belongings.
It was at [Shengyang's] Southern Gate. I had gone there at noon, during lunchtime, although I'm usually afraid to do so [because of the threat of chengguan]. The chengguan officers said to me "How daring of you to come here at lunchtime." They confiscated my belongings and though I offered to pay them [a fine], the chengguan officers said "We don't want money, it's too late for that." Six of the seven [chengguan officers] surrounded me; once their leader arrived, all his junior [officers] came up and started kicking me, causing me to fall. Many passersby witnessed it and they were all asking the officers to stop hitting me. [139]
Wang Xiangwei, a 31-year-old migrant street vendor from Henan province who sells barbecue kebab skewers in central Beijing, described what ensued when chengguan officers attempted to confiscate his scooter in July 2010.
[It was] at around 9pm. There were several people around me, waiting to buy skewers. I was still grilling the skewers when the chengguan arrived. The other street vendors and hawkers dispersed into the alleys, but I did not run away. Two [chengguan] came up to me and pressed me to the ground. They wanted to confiscate my scooter, but I refused to let them do so. I started to resist, using my forearms to push away [one of the] chengguan officers, who then used the back of his hand to slap me so hard that my glasses fell off. When the other two chengguan saw us fighting, they came up together to pin me down on the ground, and [the third chengguan officer] ran off, pushing the scooter along. [140]
The chengguan officers who confiscated Wang's scooter returned it to him later that evening after he paid a 150 Yuan (US$23.50) fine. [141] That sum exceeded the upper limit for summary on-the-spot fines of 50 Yuan (US$7.9) and the officers failed to give a legal justification for the confiscation and fine as required by the Administrative Penalties Law. [142]
A 31-year-old male migrant fruit vendor from Henan province, Xie Dongfeng, told Human Rights Watch that what appeared to be plainclothes "hired assistants" of chengguan officers beat him after he resisted chengguan efforts to confiscate his three-wheel vending cart for "operating without a license." [143]
[The chengguan] wanted to confiscate my three-wheel cart, but I refused to let them do so. They jumped onto the vehicle, started stomping on the fruit and making threats. Some abused me verbally, saying "Fxxx your mother. Who allowed you to peddle goods here?" I did not dare utter a word as there were so many of them. If I dared answer back, wouldn't they beat me up? The chengguan officers didn't hit me; instead they had two hired assistants beat me up. One held me down while the other hit me. I didn't dare retaliate as there were yet more of them in the [chengguan] cars. I was beaten until my nose bled. [144]
At least 18 people were killed in the course of chengguan law enforcement operations between September 2000 and June 2010 according to an unofficial estimate compiled by human rights lawyer Teng Biao in July 2010. [145] The majority of those deaths allegedly were due to injuries the victims suffered during beatings by chengguan personnel. [146] Media reports suggest that in many such cases, the alleged perpetrators were not investigated or prosecuted or, if prosecuted, received light sentences. [147]
The most notorious incident of chengguan violence resulting in the death of a citizen in recent years was the beating of Wei Wenhua in Tianmen, Hubei province. In the late afternoon of January 7, 2008, Wei Wenhua stopped his car to take pictures with his mobile phone camera of a roadside confrontation involving a group of at least 50 Tianmen chengguan. The chengguan were facing off with some residents of nearby Wanba village, who were attempting to block access to a waste dump site near their homes. When the chengguan noticed Wei filming the confrontation, 20 to 30 of them rushed over to him and began beating him. [148] A witness said that Wei repeatedly screamed "I surrender" during the assault. [149] Wei subsequently died of his injuries. [150] On November 10, 2009, a Hebei court sentenced four of the chengguan officers implicated in Wei's killing to prison terms of three to six years. [151] The court granted leniency to Wei's killers on the grounds that Wei had allegedly died of a heart attack triggered by the beating, rather than the beating itself. [152]
Local government authorities themselves have been unwilling to make an example of chengguan personnel who have been found legally responsible for deaths or serious injuries. On July 15, 2011, a group of chengguan officers in Linhai city, Zhejiang province, attempted to detain a street vendor selling grapes. One chengguan officer chased the vendor, apprehended him, pushed him to the ground, and kicked him until he passed out. The vendor was hospitalized with a perforated intestine. A Linhai government official later defended the chengguan officer who allegedly delivered the beating, insisting that the vendor's injuries were unintentional and occurred when a "law enforcement officer accidentally stepped on [the vendor's] stomach." [153]
In numerous other well documented cases, chengguan implicated in unprovoked violence against citizens have been spared serious legal repercussions for their actions. On May 21, 2011, a roadside fruit vendor named Li Yong in Shenzhen resisted chengguan demands that he move his stall. Witnesses said a chengguan officer instructed his subordinates to "beat him [Li Yong], take everything away." In plain sight of multiple witnesses, Chengguan officers proceeded to beat Li Yong on the head with their batons, resulting in head injuries. Shenzhen chengguan authorities subsequently paid Li Yong 7,000 Yuan (US$1,098) in compensation. However, no chengguan officials were arrested for the violence and the chengguan official in charge of the area where the assault occurred later insisted that Li's injuries "were likely accidental." [154]
On July 11, 2009, a group of five Shanghai chengguan attempted to confiscate the stock of roadside watermelon vendor Peng Lin. Peng resisted and at one point allegedly brandished a knife to try to protect his goods. The chengguan responded by dragging Peng to their van where they proceeded to beat him senseless. The beating left Peng with serious brain and neck injuries. Peng reportedly remains paralyzed and barely conscious. [155] A Shanghai court sentenced the five chengguan officers responsible for Peng's injuries to prison terms of between three-and-a-half and five years on April 15, 2010. [156]
Popular perceptions that chengguan rarely get punished for abuses deter victims from pursuing legal action against them. Ten of the 25 victims of chengguan abuses interviewed by Human Rights Watch opted to not pursue legal action or civil compensation claims against their chengguan abusers. Their reasons for inaction ranged from perceptions that complaining to or about chengguan was "no use … [because the authorities] cover-up for each other" [157] to an assessment that there are "too many such incidents" that go legally unchallenged. [158] Liao Meihua, a Shenyang street vendor who has been a victim of chengguan violence "five or six times" since 2007, told Human Rights Watch that fear of retribution prevented her from attempting to seek legal action against or compensation from chengguan for such abuses.
I'm really afraid of applying for compensation. I still have to make a living – what am I to do the next time I run into [chengguan]? They will be more brutal the next time. They will beat you up and tell you: "You can sue at whatever place you wish." They are not scared at all.[159]
[100]Human Rights Watch interview with Wang Weiwei, a Beijing street vendor, Beijing, December 6, 2010.
[101] Human Rights Watch interview with Ma Lijun (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Qingdao, Shandong province, December 3, 2010.
[102]"宁夏西吉县城管监察队长率众围殴记者被停职",宁夏日报(银川) [Beating of journalists prompts Ningxia Xiji County chengguan official's suspension,"Ningxia Daily(Yinchuan)], July 6, 2007, http://news.163.com/07/0706/15/3INQPL3O000120GU.html (accessed October 19, 2011).
[104]"记者称在湖南遭城管殴打向省委书记写求助信",重庆早报(重庆) ["Reporter says he was beaten by Chengguan, appeals to provincial secretary for help," Chongqing Morning News(Chongqing)],March 19, 2009, http://fl.cqnews.net/daya/200903/t20090319_3111821.htm (accessed October 19, 2011).
[105]Human Rights Watch interview with Zhang Wei (a pseudonym), a journalist beaten by chengguan officers, Kunming, Yunnan province, September 10, 2010.
[106]"家中违建遭城管强拆警察被打",生活新报(昆明) ["Family home's illegally built construction forcibly demolished by chengguan, policeman beaten," Life Daily News(Kunming)], December 28, 2010, http://www.shxb.net/html/20101228/20101228_266386.shtml (accessed October 19, 2011).
[107] Ibid.
[108] Human Rights Watch interview with Lin Ping (a pseudonym), a victim of a chengguan forced demolition operation, Huangshan, Anhui province, September 10, 2010.
[109]Human Rights Watch interview with Zhang Wei (a pseudonym) a journalist beaten by chengguan officers, Kunming, Yunnan province, September 10, 2010.
[110]Law on Administrative Penalty, art. 31."Before deciding to impose administrative penalties, administrative organs shall notify the parties of the facts, grounds and basis according to which the administrative penalties are to be decided and shall notify the parties of the rights that they enjoy in accordance with the law."
Law on Administrative Enforcement, art. 18 (5)."The party concerned shall be notified on the spot of the reasons and basis for taking the administrative compulsory measure and the rights of and remedies available to the party concerned according to law."
[111]Human Rights Watch interview with Tian Ying (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Shenyang, Liaoning province, August 29, 2010.
[112] Human Rights Watch interview with Cui Aiping (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 9, 2010.
[113] Qian Yanfeng, "Hackers 'spice up' chengguan site," China Daily (Beijing), June 2, 2009, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2009-06/02/content_7961154.htm (accessed October 30, 2011).
[114] Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted on July 1, 1979 and effective on March 14, 1997,http://www.china.org.cn/english/government/207319.htm (accessed April 8, 2012), art. 20. "An act that a person commits to stop an unlawful infringement in order to prevent the interests of the State and the public, or his own or other person's rights of the person, property or other rights from being infringed upon by the on-going infringement, thus harming the perpetrator, is justifiable defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility. If a person's act of justifiable defence obviously exceeds the limits of necessity and causes serious damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment. If a person acts in defence against an on-going assault, murder, robbery, rape, kidnap or any other crime of violence that seriously endangers his personal safety, thus causing injury or death to the perpetrator of the unlawful act, it is not undue defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility."
[115] Ibid.
[116]Law on Administrative Penalty, art. 16. "The State Council or the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government that is empowered by the State Council may decide to have an administrative organ exercise other administrative organs' power of administrative penalty. However, the power of administrative penalty involving restriction of freedom of person shall only be exercised by the public security organs."
[117] Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted on July 1, 1979, revised on March 14, 1997,http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_china/ch_record010.htm (accessed April 8, 2012), art. 238. "Whoever unlawfully detains another person or deprives another person of his personal freedom shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights. If circumstances of hitting or insulting another person exist, the offender shall be given a heavier punishment.Whoever, by committing the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, causes severe bodily injure to another person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. If he causes death of another person, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years. If another person's deformity or death is caused by violence, the offender shall be decided a crime and punished according to the provisions of Article 234 or Article 232 of this Law.Whoever, for the purpose of extorting the payment of debts, unlawfully detains or confines another person shall be punished according to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.Whoever from the staff of a state organ takes advantage of his office to commit a crime mentioned in the preceding three paragraphs shall be given a heavier punishment according to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs."
[118]"小贩杀死俩城管被判死刑律师辩词催人泪下",中国青年报(北京)[Vendor sentenced to death for killing two chengguan; A lawyer's heartbreaking defense, China Youth Daily(Beijing)] May 10, 2007, http://law.cyol.com/content/2011-05/10/content_4405224.htm (accessed October 11, 2011).
[119] Human Rights Watch interview with Ma Dong (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, June 8, 2010.
[120] Human Rights Watch interview with Liao Rong (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Shenyang, Liaoning province, August 23, 2010.
[121] Ibid.
[122] Human Rights Watch interview with Jiang Jianguo (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 12, 2010.
[123] Ibid.
[124] Ibid.
[125] Human Rights Watch interview with Cai Xue (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 7, 2010.
[127] Ibid.
[128] Ibid.
[129] Law on Administrative Penalty, art. 8. Types of administrative penalty shall include (3) confiscation of illegal gains, or confiscation of unlawful property or things of value.
[130] Law on Administrative Enforcement, art. 23. "Seizure and impoundment shall be limited to the case-related
premises, facilities or properties, and no premises, facilities or properties
irrelevant to the illegal acts shall be seized or impounded. The daily
necessities of citizens and their dependents shall not be seized or impounded.
Premises, facilities or properties of the party concerned, which have been seized by any other state organ according to law, shall not be seized repeatedly."
Ibid., art. 28. "Under any of the following circumstances, an administrative organ shall timely make a decision on lifting a seizure or impoundment: (1) The party concerned has not committed any illegal act; (2) The seized or impounded premises, facilities or properties are irrelevant to the illegal act; (3) The administrative organ has already made a handling decision on the illegal act, and a seizure or impoundment is no longer necessary; (4) The term of seizure or impoundment has expired; or (5) The measure of seizure or impoundment is otherwise no longer necessary. Where a seizure or impoundment is lifted, the relevant properties shall be returned immediately. If the fresh goods or other perishable properties have been auctioned or sold, the proceeds from the auction or sale shall be refunded. If the selling price is obviously lower than the market price, causing any loss to the party concerned, compensation shall be made for the loss."
[131]Law on Administrative Enforcement, art. 18. "1) Before implementation, a report on implementation shall be submitted to the person in charge of the administrative organ and an approval of implementation shall be obtained. (2) An administrative compulsory measure shall be implemented by two or more law enforcement personnel of the administrative organ. (3) Law enforcement identity certificates shall be produced. (4) The party concerned shall be notified to be present. (5) The party concerned shall be notified on the spot of the reasons and basis for taking the administrative compulsory measure and the rights of and remedies available to the party concerned according to law. (6) The statements and arguments of the party concerned shall be heard. (7) On-site transcripts shall be made. (8) The on-site transcripts shall be signed or sealed by the party concerned and the law enforcement personnel of the administrative organ, and if the party concerned refuses to do so, it shall be noted in the transcripts. 9) If the party concerned is not present, witnesses shall be invited to be present, and the witnesses and the law enforcement personnel of the administrative organ shall sign or seal the on-site transcripts. (10) Other procedures as prescribed by laws and regulations."
[132]The Property Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 5th Session of the10th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 16, 2007 and effective on October 1, 2007, http://www.china.org.cn/china/LegislationsForm2001-2010/2011-02/11/content_21897791.htm (accessed April 8, 2012).
[133]Coldness Kwan, "Property law challenges power of 'Chengguan?'" China Daily(Beijing), April 3, 2007, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-04/03/content_842743.htm(accessed April 8, 2012).
[134] Ibid.
[135]Human Rights Watch interview with Li Jiawen (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 7, 2010.
[137] Ibid.
[138]Human Rights Watch interview with Wang Weiwei (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 6, 2010.
[139]Human Rights Watch interview with Liao Meihua (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Shenyang, Liaoning province, August 29, 2010.
[140] Human Rights Watch interview with Wang Xiangwei (a pseudonym), a street vendor,Beijing, December 9, 2010.
[142]Law on Administrative Penalty, art. 33. "If the facts about a violation of law are well-attested and there are legal basis and if, the citizen involved is to be fined not more than 50 yuan or the legal person or other organization involved is to be fined not more than 1,000 yuan or a disciplinary warning is to be given, such administrative penalty may be decided on the spot. The party shall carry out the decision on administrative penalty in accordance with the provisions of Articles 46, 47 and 48 of this Law."
Ibid., art. 34. "If a law-enforcing officer decides to impose administrative penalty on the spot, he shall show the party his identification papers for law enforcement, fill out an established and coded form of decision for administrative penalty. The form of decision for administrative penalty shall be given to the party on the spot.
In the form of decision for administrative penalty as stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be clearly recorded the illegal act committed by the party, the basis for administrative penalty, the amount of fine, the time and place, and the title of the administrative organ. Such form shall also be signed or sealed by the law-enforcing officer.
Law-enforcing officers must submit their decisions on administrative penalty made on the spot to the administrative organs where they belong for the record."
[143] Human Rights Watch interview with Xie Dongfeng (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 7, 2010.
[144] Ibid.
[145]"小贩杀死俩城管被判死刑律师辩词催人泪下",中国青年报(北京) ["Vendor sentenced to death for killing two chengguan; A lawyer's heartbreaking defense," China Youth Daily (Beijing)], May 10, 2007, http://law.cyol.com/content/2011-05/10/content_4405224.htm (accessed October 11, 2011).
[146] Ibid.
[147] Austin Ramzy, "Above the Law? China's Bully-Boy Enforcement Officers," Time, May 21, 2009. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1899773,00.html (accessed October 10, 2011).
[148]褚朝新,"老总拍摄冲突现场被城管打死",新京报 (北京) ["Executive photographing conflict scene beaten to death by chengguan," Beijing News, (Beijing)], January 9, 2008, http://epaper.bjnews.com.cn/html/2008-01/09/content_141399.htm?div=-1 (accessed October 14, 2011).
[149]David Bandurski, "Brutal killing of Wei Wenhua underscores the evils of China's 'urban management' system," China Media Project blog, January 10, 2008, http://cmp.hku.hk/2008/01/10/814/ (accessed October 14, 2011).
[150]褚朝新, "老总拍摄冲突现场被城管打死",新京报 (北京) ["Executive photographing conflict scene beaten to death by chengguan," Beijing News, (Beijing)], January 9, 2008, http://epaper.bjnews.com.cn/html/2008-01/09/content_141399.htm?div=-1 (accessed October 14, 2011).
[151]"Beating death officers jailed," Shanghai Daily (Shanghai), November 12, 2008, http://en.ce.cn/National/Local/200811/12/t20081112_17360267.shtml (accessed October 30, 2011).
[153]"城管小贩冲突路人拍照遭强删小贩受伤至今住院",浙江晚报 (浙江) ("Bystanders photos of chengguan, vendor conflict forcibly deleted; vendor still in hospital," Zhejiang Evening News), July 21, 2011, http://news.sohu.com/20110721/n314055787.shtml (accessed October 7, 2011).
[154]"又见城管暴力之法,这次在深圳",解放日报 ( 北京) ["Once again, chengguan seen violently enforcing the law, this time in Shenzhen," Liberation Daily (Beijing)], May 24, 2011, http://www.jfdaily.com/a/2148622.htm (accessed October 11, 2011).
[155] Shang Ban, "Officers go on trial for beating," China Daily (Beijing), February 27, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-02/27/content_9513114.htm (accessed October 30, 2010).
[156]"Jail for five in paralyzing beating," Shanghai Daily (Shanghai), April 16, 2010.
[157] Human Rights Watch interview with Xie Dongfeng (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 7, 2010.
[158] Human Rights Watch interview with Wang Xiangwei (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Beijing, December 9, 2010.
[159] Human Rights Watch interview with Liao Meihua (a pseudonym), a street vendor, Shenyang,August 29, 2010.


text: On 22/04/2012 12:06, Polytropon wrote: > How about the "extended ASCII character set" that has a mixture > of "non-US glyphs" and semi-graphic symbols? > > http://asciiset.com/extended.gif > > This default layout isn't tied to a specific encoding, if I > remember correctly, or is it? Accessing the set as seen in the > picture allows using "special character" from many languages, > such as german umlauts and eszett, greek gamma and phi, > danish o-slash, swedish a-circle and even the yen symbol. > And the nice semi-graphic symbols to draw boxes and backgrounds, > as well as card deck symbols or the "lazy L". Yeah. It's just a compromise 1-byte per glyph character set designed to support the wealthier bits of Western Europe as well as the USA, from back when the cost of supporting all sorts of different locales was really expensive compared to the expected sales of equipment in them. Doesn't have a € symbol as far as I can see. I doubt it would go down well in Łódź either. Nor Αθήνα as it doesn't have a complete Greek alphabet. Most of the Greek letters are there to support their use as mathematical symbols. It was a reasonable compromise back in the late 1980's but if anyone came up with this as a serious proposal today, they'd just get laughed at. Given that China and India are going to become /the/ big economies within the next several years, only having a limited anglo-centric system like that will be a significant obstacle to future popularity. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate JID: matthew at infracaninophile.co.uk Kent, CT11 9PW -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: signature.asc Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 267 bytes Desc: OpenPGP digital signature Url : http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/attachments/20120422/71941c5d/signature.pgp


text:
Research Output for Anyalak Wachirachaikarn
Note: The 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 publications have not been audited.
Jump to: Publications | Grants and Consultancies | HDR completions
Anyalak Wachirachaikarn may be from another institution or only recently joined Deakin University.
2011 External
Wachirachaikarn, Anyalak*, Prakoon, Warangkana*, Nguyen, Thuy T. T., Prompakdee, Worawit* and Na-Nakorn, Uthairat* (2011) Loss of genetic variation of Phalacronotus bleekeri (Günther, 1864) in the hatchery stocks revealed by newly developed microsatellites, Aquaculture, vol. 321, no. 3-4, pp. 298-302, Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands [C1]
ERA journal ID: 5734 – Scopus EID: 2-s2.0-80054984901
Citation counts: Scopus - 1, Thomson - 1
DRO entry for this publication
Grants and Consultancies
No grants and/or consultancies found or audited – the 2014 HERDC financial return has not been completed or loaded as yet.
Higher Degree by Research Completions supervised by Anyalak Wachirachaikarn
No completions found or audited.
- Legend:
- * Not a member of Deakin University at time of output.
DRO to publications collection last synchronised: Friday 29th May 2015 10:04pm


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3 bed, 2 full bath. Super Condition! Perfect Bungalow for easy downtown living! Newer carpet in bedrooms only. Owner haMore info
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text:
Today's message in the Rhapsody of Realities is, for me, another lesson in humility. The Lord Jesus taught that anyone who's desirous of leadership must be willing and ready, first and foremost, to serve. In other words, faithfulness in rendering service in the Kingdom, in whatever capacity, is the key to greatness with God.
Sometime ago, I wrote a blog here in the Rhapsody of Realities Forum titled "Lessons on Humility and Purpose from John the Baptist". In that blogpost, I concluded that you don't have to be in the spotlight in order to be relevant with God because "the big engines that drive an airplane are not in the cockpit". You can be fulfilled doing what God has called you to do, irrespective of the nature of assignment, as long as you stay faithful to your call.
Truly, no one can fulfil his or her purpose without this indispensable virtue of godly humility. Remember, God resist the proud and gives grace, promotion, and ability to the humble! (James 4:5; 1 Peter 5:5b).
Father, thank you for filling me with your love and teaching me the secrets of true and lasting success through your Word, in Jesus' Name. Amen!
Click this link for more lessons on Humility and Purpose:
http://www.yookos.com/groups/rhapsody-of-realities-forum/blog/2012/01/04/lessons -on-humility-and-purpose-from-john-the-baptist
You can be fulfilled doing what God has called you to do, irrespective of the nature of assignment, as long as you stay faithful to your call - Profound, simple but accurate statement!!!
My joy is complete, I make the ministry move forward...even if i'm not in the spot-light...I am making a difference in my world!
I live a life of purpose...
Thank you for sharing sir!!
it is a biggest tragedy to live a life without purpose!
Thats right...an unfufilled life!
Oh boy....thank Od it's been giving to us to ginosko
Thank God it's been giving to us to ginosko
I have godly humility and I practice it at all times...
Humility is the secret of my grace..


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Latest Little Ice Age Stories
When the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recently requested a figure for its annual report, to show global temperature trends over the last 10,000 years, the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Zhengyu Liu knew that was going to be a problem.
Natural fluctuations in the ocean temperature in the North Atlantic have a significant impact on the climate in the northern hemisphere.
A glacier in Peru has been found to be shrinking as a result of warmer temperatures. Scientists have previously asserted that less snowfall was a key factor in the shrinking of this particular ice cap.
And according to a new study, very little of Earth's temperature variation in the past thousand years has had to do with variations in solar activity.
For the first time a long temperature reconstruction on the basis of stable carbon isotopes in tree rings has been achieved for the eastern Mediterranean.
A new study from Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory reveals that a northward shift of Earth's wind and rain belts could make a broad swath of regions drier.
A new reconstruction of climate in the South Pacific during the past 446 years shows rainfall varied much more dramatically before the start of the 20th century than after.
Scientists have uncovered strong evidence that soot, or black carbon, sent into the air by a rapidly industrializing Europe, likely caused the abrupt retreat of mountain glaciers in the European Alps.
Modern climatologists have access to a wide array of technological tools, but an international team looking to study climate events from the past thousand years has decided to utilize something a little more old school.
- A hairdresser.


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text:
Kim Kardashian has come under intense scrutiny for her maternity fashion choices that have emphasized her growing baby bump, and she was even compared to Shamu after wearing an unfortunate black and white dress, but her best friend Jonathan Cheban says she'll have no problem dropping the baby weight.
kim best friend says she's losing weight in 2 months.
Pregnant Kim, 31, will give birth to a daughter in mid-July and Jonathan says that Kanye West's baby mama will bounce back ASAP.
PHOTOS: Kanye West Isn't Part Of New Keeping Up With The Kardashians Cast Pics
"She's so beautiful and she'll have that body back two months after," he told YourTango.com in a new interview.
Jonathan said that Kim's fashion choices are runway worthy, and he doesn't care about people that criticize her.
"I don't even pay attention to the haters because it's like Kim's so gorgeous. I was with her last week and I mean, look at the haters. That's all I gotta say.
PHOTOS: Celebs Who Have Slammed The Kardashians
Kim's MET Gala Givenchy floral dress was her most recent fashion failure, but her best friend said she was stunning in the gown with matching gloves.
"She's dressed head-to-toe couture," Jonathan said about his reality star friend and mommy-to-be.
"She's gorgeous. She's got hair and makeup."


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Microsoft 3500 Wireless Mouse (Black)
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This gin rummy game is fun and convenient to take on trips to keep kids entertained, and also to teach them how to play the game with a deck of cards.Published on November 16, 2010 by joalex1
It's not gin rummy but a version all of it's own with it's own built in refusal to allow the player to accomplish moves that are usually in gin rummy, giving the player no options... Read morePublished on October 29, 2010 by William Hayes