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AUSTIN – The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System will meet Thursday, Dec. 6, in Austin. The meeting will be held on the ninth floor of Ashbel Smith Hall, 201 W. 7th Street.
The agenda book for the meeting is available online. Reporters may print the agenda book as hard copies will not be available at the Board meeting.
Open sessions of the meeting may be viewed via a live webcast.
Parking for the news media will be available at the guard kiosk on Colorado Street between 7th and 6th Streets.
The Board will convene in open session at approximately 10:30 a.m.; agenda items include:
The Board will recess into executive session at approximately 1:00 p.m. and reconvene in open session at approximately 2:55 p.m. for action on executive session items, if any.
The meeting will adjourn at approximately 3:00 p.m.
Jenny LaCoste-Caputo: email@example.com • 512-499-4361(direct) • 512-574-5777 (cell)
Karen Adler: firstname.lastname@example.com • 512-499-4360 (direct) • 210-912-8055 (cell)
210 West 6th Street, Suite 2.100
Austin, Texas 78701
p: (512) 499-4363 f: (512) 499-4358
email: email@example.com


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Electronics person in Charleston - Also life raft in Charleston?
I need some help tracing all of my NMEA and Raymarine wires on Pelican, and I need to add a Sirius weather unit. Does anyone have any recommendations on a good person with reasonable rates to work with in Charleston?
Also, I need to get a life raft and I'm planning on talking to Air-Sea Safety & Survival in Charleston. Does anyone know anything about this company?
s/v/ Pelican
s/v Pelican - Following A Dream
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text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 2 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 1999 Knight, Kevin, Hiller, Matthew, Simpson, D. Dwayne . Evaluating corrections-based treatment for the drug-abusing criminal offender. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 31, (3), 299-304. Full Text Options: DOI Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML 1999 Knight, Kevin, Hiller, Matthew, Simpson, D. Dwayne . Prison-Based Treatment Assessment (PTA). Final Activity Report. NCJ 179418, Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Full Text Options: PDF Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


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Tomball, TX Pain Management | Chronic Pain Clinic
Texas Health and Wellness Institute
Texas Health and Wellness Institute provides pain management services to Tomball, TX and surrounding area. We believe that every individual deserves to live his life pain-free or as much as possible. We view each patient as a whole person with a body, soul, and spirit. We choose therapy with this perspective in mind. We believe that every patient should be treated with kindness, care, and respect, and should leave each visit knowing that they are cared about as a person. We work at keeping our practice to be one with quality and integrity.
Learn More About Texas Health and Wellness Institute:
- Non-invasive
- No triplicates prescribed
- Non-invasive pulse cam – muscle and joint pains
- Pain management – back, neck, and knee pains
We are a registered pain management clinic with the
Texas Medical Board.
Contact Texas Health and Wellness Institute today at 218-516-9479 for your chronic pain management needs.
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1. Angelica Heart pays us a visit today, and this time the vivacious hottie is wearing a pink minidress with beige patterned knee socks and matching slingback platform heels. The cameras of Denys DeFrancesco and his crews capture her from many angles as she poses her stems in the fetching wear, crossing her legs, lifting them up, and sticking them toward us. She relaxes on the couch, takes down her d… »»»
2. Bruno is quickly distracted from his newspaper as Angelica lays down on the sauna bench, crossing her shiny wet legs and showing off her mahogany-polished toenails in front of his obviously susceptible mouth. After studying her feet for several moments, Bruno kisses them while they're still in the flip-flops, until Angelica drops her towel and begins to rub his boner with the soles of those shoes.… »»»
3. Angelica Heart is a sexy hunny with a great pair of legs she likes to show off in seamed stockings and a sexy set of lingerie, all rounded off with some hot, stiletto heels! Then there is the footjob action... »»»
4. Plenty of hot vaginal, oral and foot fucking going on in this set that sees one lucky stud get the attentions of two gorgeous babes wearing fishnet stockings. Make sure you check out this steaming hot set with some extra foot fetish action sprinkled on top. »»»
Magical Feet »
What's up everyone, This week we have the beautiful Angelica Heart with us all the way from Hungry to show off those sexy little feet of hers. Even though Angelica has so many other great features going for her such as her sexy smile and lips. her ass and tits are to die for but her feet are what got our juices flowing over here. although Angelica doesn't speak too much english she sure as hell kn… »»»
6. We start off 2012 with two hot Angelicas: Black Angelica from Romania, and Angelica Heart from Hungary. Between the two, these girls have clocked twelve sets on our site! They relax on a big purple bed and our DDF cameras capture the splendor of their shapely legs as they kiss and caress each other. Black Angelica removes her friend's shoes and sucks those Hearty size 7.5 toes, and then Miss Hea… »»»
See also Angelica Heart in stockings pictures at Stockings Jerk, Angelica Heart stocking video at Pantyhose Foot, Angelica Heart feet video at Feet Perfection, Angelica Heart movies at Qruq Movies« back to A index


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Sarod artiste Pandit Partho Sarothy recollects memories of his cherished concerts and his time with guru Pandit Ravi Shankar
For Pandit Partho Sarothy, music is passion, recital is meditation and swaras are pleasant feelings. The renowned sarod musician is in Kerala touring several districts for concerts and lecture-demonstrations. In Kochi, accompanied by Ustad Ashis Paul on tabla, Partho proved his prowess at the concert organised jointly by BEAME, Ernakulam Karayogam and Kerala Gharana at TDM Hall.
Partho played two compositions, both strictly adhering to the traditions of Indian classical music. He introduced them with a short explanation of their features. He set the tone of the concert with an elaborate and melodious alapana in the familiar raag Bhimplasi.
After moderately lengthy jod and jhala sessions of the alapana, Partho played a melodious gat, his own composition. While effortlessly moving his fingers on the fretless fingerboard of the sarod, Partho also observed the reactions of the listeners.
His spontaneous improvisations made in response to the listeners' mood were memorable. Although, before the first piece, he announced that the rendition would be set in Roopak taal (seven beats), he later shifted to Teen taal (six beats) — a typical improvisation in response to an attentive audience.
Partho's personal composition was set to the more Hindustani raga, Mishru Piloo. The piece was in Dadra style, set to six beats. The rapport between Ashis' tabla and Partho's sarod was immense, with Ashis aptly supporting Partho.
Partho was inducted to the sarod when he was eight years old. He once pointed to the instrument kept atop a wooden showcase at his home, and asked his father what that was. "That's a sarod. Would you like to learn it?" his father asked. "I've been learning since then," says Partho, "Even now, I am a good student of music, nothing more."
Incidentally, Partho's father Sudhamoy Chowdhury was a First Division football player and knew more of football than music. Yet, Partho picked up the basics of music from his father, who was a disciple of renowned sarod player Radhika Mohan Moitra.
Learning from the best
Later, Partho came under the tutelage of Dhayesh Khan, son of legendary sarod maestro Ustad Ali Akbar Khan. The turning point in his career came when he won the National competition for instrumental music conducted by All India Radio in 1976. With that, he became the disciple of Pandit Ravi Shankar. From 1980 onward, he stayed with him, and toured with him for many concerts across the world and in India.
"I had many unforgettable experiences with Guruji. Though Panditji was a strict disciplinarian at home and in class, he was always jovial outside. He used be friendly and playful. He used to share jokes with us," says Partho.
He also remembers an incident when Ravi visited his home. "My wife had prepared 18 dishes, but Panditji ate very little and he was very strict about his diet. Yet, he didn't want to disappoint us; so he surprised us and tasted all 18 dishes."
Partho still cherishes the memory of his first visit to Kerala, when he accompanied Panditji to Kerala Kalamandalam for a concert during their Golden Jubilee Celebrations. "Pandit Kumar Bose was on tabla for that concert and there was a huge gathering at the Kalamandalam campus," remembers Partho.
Another event which Partho Sarothy holds close to his heart is his sarod recital at ex-Beatle George Harrison's bungalow, a few months after his death. Panditji asked Partho to play the sarod in front of a gathering of renowned personalities.
After the recital, Paul McCartney and Michael Schumacher came over to Partho and applauded him for his music.
Keywords: Sarod artiste, Pandit Partho Sarothy, Pandit Ravi Shankar


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In 2014, Google proves that Content Remains King. Reputation is a hard-earned, easily-lost thing. While customer service (like Zappos and 37 Signals) and killer products (like Apple and Tesla) grab the most ink, investing the same level of quality and attention to detail in a robust content strategy is vitally important to a successful online presence.
You are here: Home / Archives for Google


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The Yankees have announced that they have traded infielder Eduardo Nunez to the Minnesota Twins for minor league left-hander Miguel Sulbaran. The Nunez era in New York is officially over.
The Yankees designated Nunez for assignment last week to clear a spot on the 40-man roster for Yangervis Solarte, who not only won the backup infield job over Nunez during the spring, but has been on a tear at the plate to begin the season.
Nunez, 26, has hit .267/.313/.379 in parts of four seasons with the Yankees. He's always had the ability to perform well at the plate when he's on, but in the field, he's a train wreck, and that's where the Yankees don't mind losing him.
No matter how hard he's work, and he's put in a lot of time in the field over the past few years to improve his defense, it just hasn't gotten anywhere near the level a big league shortstop should be.
Many had hoped that he would one day take over for Derek Jeter as the Yankees' starting shortstop, but now he'll be starting the 2014 season in Triple-A for the Twins.
Sulbaran went from the Dodgers to the Twins in exchange for light-hitting backup catcher Drew Butera last season. He's not much of a top prospect, and while I'm sure the Yankees might have been able to do a little bit better with the return, I guess that getting rid of Nunie was good enough.
He's been ranked near the mid-20's on the Twins' top prospect list, and before the 2013 season, truebluela.com ranked him 31st in the Dodgers' organization.
The 5'10" left-hander was signed as an amateur free agent out of Venezuela in 2011.
"Listed at just 5'10" it's hard to imagine that Miguel will ever turn into a big time prospect," the SB Nation site wrote last Arpil, "But reports are that has a low 90's fastball to go along with a solid slider and curve so you never know."
Twitter: @GavinEwbank


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J.S. Ifthekhar
The transluscent statue will have an all-new air-conditioned gallery at the Salar Jung Museum
Hyderabad: The Italian marvel, `Veiled Rebecca', at the Salar Jung Museum, is all set to move into a new home. The transluscent statue will have an all-new air-conditioned gallery at the museum. Giovanni Maria Benzoni's masterpiece, a crowd-puller, is now housed in a congested room on the ground floor with the result that visitors jostle around to get an eyeful.
The new gallery spread over 1,800 sq. feet will provide the pride of place to the statue and will be flanked by 10 seasonal marble statutes, five on either side.
Veiled Rebecca will have a huge mirror all around enabling visitors to appreciate the statue from different angles. The Rs. 20-lakh gallery designed by renowned architect, Nawab Qasim Ali, will be thrown open to the public next month.
"Everything is over only colouring work remains to be done," says SJM director, A. Nagender Reddy.
Statues cleaned
In fact the other Italian statues, which were till now kept in the veranda, have been cleaned and placed in the special niches created in the new gallery. Only Veiled Rebecca remains to be shifted. Visitors to the museum are struck by the craftsmanship of Benzoni who has created the appearance of a transparent veil. A melody in marble, Veiled Rebecca stands out for its anatomical perfection.
Interestingly, the SJM is not the only museum to have this marvel. Benzoni is believed to have sculpted four more Rebeccas, which are with different museums in the world, including Berkshire Museum, UK, and the High Museum of Art, Atlanta.
The only difference is that in SJM Veiled Rebecca draws her veil with the right hand while elsewhere it is the left hand that pulls the veil.
Two new galleries
The SJM is also in the process of opening two new galleries - the Far Eastern Porcelain and Far Eastern Statutory and Enamel. Costing Rs. 20 lakh each, these galleries are expected to be ready in the next three months. "We are trying to segregate artefacts based on the origin of the country. The new galleries will have all objects belonging to the Eastern countries," Mr. Reddy said.


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Mathematics and Test Anxiety
Jeannie Montagano and Rudi Bailey (Educational &Counseling Psychology)
Differentiating mathematics anxiety and test anxiety in a Trinidad sample
This is the fourth study in a series of studies. The first two established that mathematics anxiety and test anxiety are different constructs in two samples of American students. Mathematics and test anxieties are important conditions to which neither psychologists nor teachers pay much attention. The studies done by Drs Montagano and Bailey and the nineteen presentations that have been accepted by professional psychologists' groups are beginning to revive interest in thinking about these anxieties. It is time to begin to investigate whether these conditions exist in other countries. This proposal is to conduct the second and third studies in Trinidad.
In the first Trinidad study, the constructs that underlie mathematics anxiety and test anxiety will be examined using the statistical technique of factor analysis. Three questionnaires used before, IRB 11-052, will be administered to students in Grades 3-6 from a number of schools in Trinidad.
Questions to be addressed are: 1) What are the factors that make up mathematics anxiety in elementary-aged students in Trinidad? And, 2) Is mathematics anxiety separate from test anxiety in elementary-aged students in Trinidad?
In the second study the relationship between teacher anxiety and student anxiety will be examined. In reviewing the literature concerning the variables that impact students' math and test anxiety the present thinking seems to be that teachers' anxiety needs to be considered. This link has not been directly established; therefore, research is needed to investigate this association.


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LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is sometimes called "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL cholesterol level can raise your risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
LDL cholesterol carries mostly fat and only a small amount of protein from the liver to other parts of the body.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Robert A. Kloner, MD, PhD - Cardiology
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology
|Current as of
|March 12, 2014
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise


text: We were looking for a moderately priced meal after going to the Brookfield Theater and read about Mangia Mangia on Trip Advisor. It was a little difficult to find from the theater and the outside looks like a small pizza joint. What a pleasant surprise when we entered the door. The staff greeted... read more


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You can now buy Japanese sex toys online, from Candy Girl Love Dolls to Tenga Cups and Blowjob Machines.
You can now buy Japanese sex toys online, from Candy Girl Love Dolls to Tenga Cups and Blowjob Machines.
Click to start purchasing Japanese Sex Toys Online.
Tenga 3D Sleeve ($42)
The 3D Sleeve is the latest innovative male sex toy from the famou Japanese company Tenga.
Consisting of a masturbation sleeve formed out of tightly packed triangles that are arranged and spaced together to provide both comfort and maximum stimulation as you stroke your penis in and out.
The effect and feel of the 3D sleeve has been compared favourably to the Tenga Eggs. With this toy of course, you can use it again and again, and at only $42 represents one of the must buy Japanese sex toys on the market.
Big Sister Breasts and Onahole ($68)
Play out your big sister fantasies with this incredibly realistic masturbator from Japan that features both squeezable plump breasts and a tight ribbed onahole.
The size of this toy is 200 x 150 x 90mm.
Miracle Angel Body $502
This life-size body sex doll is aptly named. It's miracle dimensions are found on maybe 1 in a million real girls. yet you can own her for life for just $502.
Her amazingly realistic breasts are so big and yet so soft and squeezable. A tapered waist that begs you to put your arms around it leads to wide fullsome hips that are invite you in with sweet puckered pussy lips.
Both anal and vaginal holes are tight like a real Japanese girl should be.
This incredible toy is another leap forward in realistic Japanese sex toys.
If you like the idea of Japanese virgin busting, this realistic male masturbator will definately please. Inspired by the famous 'Hunter Girl' series of video games, this toy allows you to slide your penis into the tight hole of the main character. Deliciously raspberry colored, the inner sleeve is both tight and accomodating, and has numerous ridges that grip and stimulate your penis as you slide in and out.
One of the most beautiful and charming Japanese love dolls we've seen, and what's more, this sells at an incredibly cheap $1,700!
Select the color of her eyes, and enjoy a supremely realistic love doll that has 16 moveable joints.
4ft 4″ in height, with sublime double latex skin for a real and authentic feel.
Doki Doki Geisha Masturbator ($26)
This exquisate Japanese masturbator, representing the sweet pussy of a professional Japanese Geisha girl, is now available to buy in the USA and worldwide. Made from soft and realistic 'Soft Love Skin', the inner tunnel of this masturbator is as thrillingly ribbed and nuanced as you would expect from a Japanese sex toy.
The authentic scent of Japanese ladies – matches the real pussy smell of young Japanese office workers. Add to your Japanese masturbator or sex doll, or even your pillow. Let the sweet aroma of Japanese pussy enter your nostrils every time you breathe!
Another kind of sex toy/sex life accessory that you could only possibly buy from Japan. These anime 'usahane air' doll wigs will give a cute bob style look to either any kind of sex doll or even your lover!
Ushane Air Doll Wigs Short ($45)
There are five colors to choose from amongst these beautiful anime Japanese wigs : Brown, Blond, Black, Pink, or Blue
We've all dreamt of stumbling upon a sexy girl's used laundry bag full of soiled panties, thongs and even bras. Imagine the fun!! Sucking the sexy cum out of the gusset of a used thong, whilst sniffing the sweet aroma of the same girl's well worn panty, and, of course, masturbating and shooting your load into another of her soiled underwear.
And how much more erotic fun if the used panty collection was that of a sexy Japanese girl!!!
Well now you can stop searching because we have a bag of used Japanese girls panties and bras for you to own and abuse!! Direct from Japan, these panties need a good sniffing and licking!!
Now you can enjoy the feeling of being inside a real Japanese teen virgin with this incredibly realistic premium masturbator. Her soft and yielding life-like skin will have you holding and caressing her as you pound and then cum inside her sweet teenage snatch.
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Gear Question
The Church Is True
I have a pair of these pants and absolutely...
I have a pair of these pants and absolutely love them. I live in Santaquin, Utah does anyone know of a place locally or otherwise to send a pant like these to be altered? Mine are a couple inches too long. Thanks
Arc'teryx customer service referred me to a company called Rainy Pass (rainypass.com) in Seattle - they do alterations and warranty service for a lot of the outdoor gear makers. I have the same issue - need a shorter length. Rainy Pass said the alteration would run $80-$110.
You should be able to get it altered professionally for $10-20. It'd be sewn rather than welded/laminated and you'd lose the drawstring at the ankles. Looks like there are a handful of places within 15 miles of Santaquin- any tailor or alteration shop could handle it just fine.
Otherwise, you'll be paying $100 at Rainy Pass. I hear that Rainy Pass does good work, but personally there's no way I'm spending $100 to have a pair of $150 pants altered.
Anyone can do an alteration to a non-seam-sealed nylon pant. Should run you like $5-10 bucks at most for length. $10 to let out the waste (if extra fabric allows, but the nylon will have tiny micro holes if you let it out). And under $20 to make the pants more slim. I'm basing this btw on big city pricing, it's probably cheaper in smaller towns. The only time I'd be hesitant to have alterations done, is on a seam-sealed pant.
View More Details on Arc'teryx Gamma LT Softshell Pant - Men's


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Leave a Review
not a speck leftover! Very tasty, made a great, simple end to a traditional Irish dinner for St. Patrick's Day.
We brought this to a party and everyone went for seconds over tasting the other desserts. We tripled the recipe, didn't add in the zest, reduced the sugar and added the chocolate as the other reviews suggested. Also used Grand Marnier. We felt like it needed some substance so we layered the fool w/ cubed angel food cake. I was worried it would be soggy but the cake stayed in tact and it was AMAZING. I will make this for every summer party I go to! LOVE the fool.
Wow, big returns for little effort. Flexible to boot. Have used turbinado sugar, teeny wait to dissolve but made an earthy cream, fat free Greek yogurt, and grappa. Per others, as long as the yogurt's thick, low fat, no fat, full fatall good.
Used fresh Strawberries as they are in season. Cut back on the sugar a tad as the berries are nice and sweet. Everyone loved this and it's not a heavy desert. Used Grand Marnier - awesome! Next time I would use more GM and add more berries.
I also used raspberries and it was great. I decided against the white chocolate because I used a much richer Greek yogurt, and I still think it would have benefited from the extra thickness and flavor. Use the white chocolate. Don't even think about leaving it out. Also, you need to at least double the amount of orange peel to get any citrus to come through in this.
This is a wonderful, light dessert. I have made it for the last five years for St. Patrick's Day and everyone loves it. Light, refreshing, flavorful. I use lowfat yogurt (vanilla) without a problem.
Excellent summer dish; easy, quick, superb flavour - nothing overwhelms anything else. Everyone I have served this to raved about it and wanted the recipe. For best results I use unsprayed or organic berries picked the same day.
Excellent summer dish; easy, quick, superb flavour - nothing overwhelms anything else. Everyone I have served this to raved about it and wanted the recipe. For best results I use unsprayed or organic berries picked the same day.
very easy to make with fantastic results. It can be freezed and served as icecream (partially melted) accompanied with wafer, mint leaves and orange setz.
This was good. I used strained low fat yogurt instead of regular yogurt. That helped thicken up the mixture. I added 3oz melted white chocolate to the recipe like some of your other reviewers and thought it was a good addition.


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SERVICES & AMENITIES. Any discussion of service and amenities at the Trump International Hotel & Tower® Chicago must begin with our signature Trump Attaché™ service. Available to any hotel guest 24 hours a day, Trump Attaché offers everything from personal and business assistance to custom-stocked kitchens and personalized business cards and stationary. Committed to exceeding your expectations, our Chicago boutique hotel near Michigan Avenue delivers sophistication without pretension, attention without intrusion, and service without boundaries.
Trump Chicago Hotel's luxury wardrobe storage and management service, designed for frequent visitors, allows Trump owners and guests to keep their clothing and personal items in Chicago rather than travel with luggage on each visit. Save time, look your best, and avoid the hassles of traveling with luggage such as packing, unpacking wrinkled clothing, and waiting in overcrowded baggage claim and customs lines.
Other Services to Enjoy:
- Two-Star Michelin dining at Sixteen
- 24-hour in-room dining
- Rebar is a sophisticated lounge offering hand-crafted cocktails and varied artisinal small plates
- Seasonal outdoor Terrace offering modern American cuisine complimented by stunning views
- 23,000 sq. ft. The Spa at Trump® and 53 spa guestrooms
- State-of-the-art fitness center
- Personal Attaché service, providing comprehensive business and personal services
- NEW -Luxury beach service and amenities, including complimentary use of beach bag with sunscreen, plush towels, whole fruit, bottle water and beach toys for family fun (available Memorial Day - Labor Day)
- Complimentary digital newspaper and magazine service on any device via hotel Wi-Fi
- A custom-stocked mini bar prior to arrival, based on preferences
- Valet indoor parking
- Baby-sitting services
- 24-hour doormen
- Personalized stationery and business cards, upon request
- Full service business center
- Meeting rooms and function space
- Wireless or hard wire Internet access
- Local fax transmission and retrieval, and in-room computers, upon request
- On-site security and staff
- Overnight laundry and dry cleaning
- Anthony Cristiano Salon
- Access to our in-town chauffeured Cadillac house cars
- Trump® Kids
- Trump® Pets
- Tumblr
- Facebook
Enjoy a closer look at our guestrooms, Sixteen, Rebar, The Spa at Trump and more...Read More
- Twitter
Enjoy a closer look at our guestrooms, @SixteenChicago, The Spa at Trump & more with our 360° virtual tour. http://t.co/wQxtZnJnkDRead More
- Google+
- YouTube
https://youtube.com/devicesupportRead More


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Tufted on top and rounded in style, this ottoman's silhouette and casual linen upholstery welcomes as a cozy place to perch or kick up your feet and relax.
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West Briton has all the Carpets & Flooring shops in Cornwall listed, many with reviews and star ratings; select one of the local Carpets & Flooring shops from the list below for all your carpeting and flooring requirements - be sure to return to West Briton and leave a review.
Why not list your Cornwall Carpets & Flooring business on West Briton?
Address: Pigmeadow Lane, , LISKEARD, PL14 6AT
Address: Bickland Industrial Estate , Tregonniggie , Falmouth, TR11 4SN
Address: 12 Arwenack Avenue, , FALMOUTH, TR11 3JW
Address: Unit 3-4 Trevanson Street, , Wadebridge, PL27 7AW
Address: 345 347 Faraday mill, Cattewater road, Plymouth, PL4 0ST


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Please help us! 3 Ways You Can Help
Key Votes
SB 382 - Gift Ban on Cultural and Sporting Events for Elected Officials - Key Vote
Louisiana Key Votes
Jay Dardenne, Jr. Co-Sponsored (Introduced) this Legislation.
Read statements Jay Dardenne, Jr. made in this general time period.
- SB 1113 - Income Tax Appeal Modifications
- HB 144 - Relating to Caroline County and Dorchester County Turkey Hunting on Private Property
- HB 162 - Relating to Administrative and Operational Expenses for the State Retirement and Pension System
- HB 170 - Relating to Eligibility of State Employees for the Retirement and Pension Systems
- HB 204 - Relating to Harford County Residency Requirement for Alcoholic Beverages License Applicants
- HB 212 - Relating to Prospective Employees and Volunteers in Caroline, Dorchester, and Talbot Counties
- HB 223 - Relating to Garrett County Special Class C Beer, Wine and Liquor License
- HB 239 - Relating to Frederick County Board of Education
- HB 251 - Relating to Criminal History Records Check of Taxi Driver Applicants in the Town of Ocean City
- HB 306 - Relating to Talbot County Wineries
Stage Details
Legislation - Motion Agreed (House) (49-43) - June 16, 2006(Key vote)
Title: Gift Ban on Cultural and Sporting Events for Elected Officials
Vote Result
Yea Votes
Nay Votes
Vote on a motion to indefinitely postpone a bill that prohibits any public servant from accepting any gifts to cultural or sporting events, including accepting gifts from public postsecondary schools. The bill also prohibits any public postsecondary school from offering any gifts of cultural or sporting events to public servants.
Legislation - Bill Passed (Senate) (34-0) - May 15, 2006
Legislation - Introduced (Senate) - March 17, 2006
Title: Gift Ban on Cultural and Sporting Events for Elected Officials
- John Leigh 'Jay' Dardenne Jr. (LA - R) (Out Of Office)


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Mild tension prevailed at Dabeerpura police station on Tuesday after politicians from Telugu Desam Party and MIM clashed over a dispute.
A TDP leader Muzafar Ali Khan suffered stab injuries in the incident.
Trouble broke out when leaders of the two groups entered into an argument and in a fit of rage MIM leader Rauf's son Fayaz attacked Khan with a knife resulting in stab wounds on his head and neck.
Condition stable
The police rushed Khan to a corporate hospital in Malakpet where his condition is stable.
Two persons were taken into custody in connection with the incident.
More In: Hyderabad


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7th Dec 2013, 14:07
My wife bought a brand spanker Cruze SRiV yesterday. Drove it home and parked it up. Done 84km. Nice and shiny, leather seats, sat nav, push button start etc.
Half an hour later the car tries to start itself. It continually cranked over and I couldn't stop it. Smoke was pouring out from under the bonnet. I should have left it, but I ran to the shed for a shifter and had to disconnect the battery to stop it cranking over. The dealer said he had never heard of that problem before, drive it in so he can look at it. P**s off I said, you come and get it cos it is not safe. Could have burnt our house down.
3rd Jan 2014, 14:24
Hi mate,
Just read your bit on the Holden Cruze gear box problems. I have one that has just had the same problem. Would you say these are internal problems, as that's all my warranty will cover?
23rd Apr 2014, 01:26
Hi Gary, I was wondering if you could PLEASE help me?
I have a Holden Cruze 2002 Auto. Recently I was told by my mechanic that the knocking noise coming from rear left was a drive shaft problem. So 6 months ago I had it replaced with a new one, and the noise kept coming back. Have taken it back 4 times and the mechanic has replaced it each time with new ones from different retailers, and still to this day it is still making the same noise. Had a talk to my mechanic today about it, and he said the only thing I can do is to buy brand new ones from Holden - but they are very expensive!
What concerns me is that he said if I'm not bothered by the noise, then not to worry about it as it won't cause any damage to the car or drive shaft if I leave it as it is... Is this true, or is he just saying it to get rid of fixing this problem?
To be truthful I can put up with the noise, but my concern is will it do damage to my car or the drive shaft itself?
Thank you very much for your time, and your advice will be very appreciated. Ta.
16th Aug 2014, 12:55
I agree with you all about the Cruze having issues.
I'm a mechanic. Cars won't last forever.
Car parts have a serviceable period... especially bulbs!
QUICK NOTE - if your left brake light bulb blows, then it's a sure bet that the right side is gonna blown soon too. The left side brake light lights up whenever the right side lights up. The bulbs come from the same manufacturer, who state the serviceable period of the bulb.
The bulbs should have been replaced before their serviceable period expired... pretty simple hey!
27th Sep 2014, 06:46
Hello, my Holden Cruze makes a loud knocking noise when I go from second and third gear and accelerate. Then it seems to settle down when in top gear. Any ideas?
3rd Oct 2014, 10:19
I've had my YG Cruze for 3 years. Holden screwed up a perfectly good Suzuki Ignis and washed their hands of any engineering screw ups.
I just had mine serviced. The mechanic tells me you can't even get any Holden parts for them anymore! Holden certainly screwed over anyone who got stuck with this piece of engineering f**k up.
Rather than buy the Holden genuine CV, if you can get one, there are some mechanics that rebuild the cheap ones to some sort of bearable standard. A1 Auto... opposite Harbour Town Biggera Waters! 350 bucks. There's still a small knock at times, and a vibration when there's no one in the front passenger seat... but it's bearable.
Holden. What a joke. Just f****d everyone over and don't want to know about it. I even called about the recall. They said my car wasn't on the list. S**t Holden. For a 350 dollar set of king springs to drop it back to its designed height, you could have solved everyone's problems.
A good motor, good auto, s**t drive train.
6th Oct 2014, 10:51
I noticed there is one seller on eBay by the name of PEC AUSTRALIA who is selling GSP drive shafts to suit the Cruze YG, and states that it is a revised version - NO KNOCKING - I am wondering if anyone has tried this product and can confirm whether it is truly no knocking?
7th Nov 2014, 04:44
Hi, just wondering if the person that commented on the driveshaft from E-bay; PEC AUSTRALIA had any luck with this DS that doesn't cause knocking, as I have had 4 different DS put in by my mechanic, and it still makes the noise. Ta.
21st Nov 2014, 12:16
After replacing my DS twice, and every time the knocking came back after about 3 months, I have lost faith in DS on eBay. I have been driving with the knocking for the last 2 years. I am waiting for comments from someone who had used it before I try as it is quite pricy at $180 + postage per DS.
6th Jan 2015, 06:31
Hi Sam, we have a similar sound, which I think is coming from the steering column, especially when braking it shudders - like the universal joint is loose - it has only done 75k.
What did yours end up being?


text:
AMES, IA—The Iowa 4-H Foundation has begun its annual fundraising campaign to recruit new 4-H $400 and 4-H $1,000 donors for fall 2005 to support state programs for youth.
"This fundraising drive is critical for the statewide 4-H program. The Foundation provided over $1 million in support for 4-H programs last year, and we want to be able to help more young people in 2006," said Executive Director Joe Leisz.
The campaign goal for the fall is $40,000 and the recruitment of 100 new members to the 4-H $400 and 4-H $1,000 donor clubs.
"For some farmers, it may be better to donate grain than cash this time of year. By reducing self-employment tax and increasing income tax savings, gifts of grain that are then sold by 4-H can save farmers as much as 49 percent of the donation amount," said Albert Grunenwald, associate director of the Foundation.
Charitable donations to 4-H help provide scholarships for 4-H members attending a variety of activities: college, National 4-H Congress, National 4-H Conference, livestock programs and judging contests, volunteer training programs, international exchanges and improvements for the Iowa 4-H Center at Madrid.
Support of the Foundation has helped keep 4-H strong across Iowa, reaching over 25 percent of the youth in the state, said Leisz.
Iowa 4-H Youth Development is a program of Iowa State University Extension. 4-H promotes leadership, citizenship and life skills.
For more information on how to support Iowa's youth visit the Iowa 4-H Foundation Web site: http://www.iowa4hfoundation.org or call (515) 294-1537.
Carol Ouverson, Continuing Education and Communication Services, (515) 294-9640, email@example.com


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Governor Mike Beebe says it was frustrating at times, yet interesting to watch.
"What was different is that the rolls were reversed. In the past years, it was Democrats versus Democrats on some of the controversial issues -- different wings, if you will, of the Democratic Party," said Beebe. "On this issue, the same thing in reverse occurred with the Republicans. It was Republicans versus Republicans, because it took a three-fourths vote."
Beebe also points out the members who he says "knew it was the right thing to do" but didn't do it.
"[There were] a lot of strong feelings about it -- a lot of people who voted against it. I don't want to call any names, but -- some of them were more public in terms of their names being quoted -- said...They knew that it was in good policy to do this because of the tax savings on business and because of what it does for hospitals and people, but they couldn't vote for it because their people didn't understand it, or their people were against it, or they ran against Obama care as part of their platform, and they just -- even though they knew they should do it -- they couldn't do it. We even had them say that in front of the television cameras," said Beebe.
And for some, according to Beebe, a second look at the legislation wasn't even an option.
"There were some people that were just against it for just -- they just hated Obama care so bad that they couldn't bring themselves to understand that this was different, and this was actually trying to make something better out of something that they thought was bad, and they just -- philosophically -- couldn't get there. But it was interesting to watch," added Beebe.
You'll hear from Beebe all week long right on KNWA Today as part of our exclusive series with the leader of the Natural State. Each day, we'll discuss an important issue that matters to Arkansas residents.
For the entire interview, click HERE.


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Istanbul, Turkey
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Thoroughly enjoyed Gallipoli and will recommend this tour highly, extremely moving experience!
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Staff Reporter
10-member Peace Mission team visits the State
"Valley situation completely out of control"
NEW DELHI: The situation in the Valley had gone completely out of control of the State agencies and civil society alone can find a solution to the crisis, said a 10-member Peace Mission team following conclusion of its two-day visit to Jammu and Kashmir as part of an initiative to bring peace to the trouble-torn State.
Addressing a press conference here, former Member of Parliament and Peace Mission member Dr. J.K. Jain said: "We did not have any formula for peace, but just appealed to the warring factions to sit together and discuss the issue. We had a meeting with Shri Amarnath Yatra Sangarsh Samiti president Lila Kiran Sharma and Hurriyat Conference leader Mirwaiz Umar Farooq and also met Syed Ali Shah Geelani. We were accorded a warm welcome and accepted as messengers of Indian society."
"Mr. Geelani told us that he was not against the Amarnath Yatra and there will never be any hindrance to the Yatra in the future as well. And his stand deserves to be welcomed."
"He further told us that their fight was not against the Yatra but against the forcible occupation of Kashmir by the Indian armed forces", Dr Jain said.
"He said they wanted Azadi from India. Mr. Mirwaiz was of the opinion that the movement had gone much beyond the issue of land allotment to the Shrine Board. He said the situation had worsened because of the economic blockade. Mr. Sharma for his part said their agitation was against cancellation of land allotted to the Shrine Board and the movement would be called off the day land was restored to the Board," said Dr. Jain.
Stating that the Mission wanted to restore peace through people's initiative, Dr. Jain said: "We had a cordial meeting with Governor N.N. Vohra who assured adequate compensation to the victims of violence in the State. The Governor was of the opinion that "chaaka jam" was a form of economic blockade and it could not be allowed. The members, however, realised that the situation in the State had gone out of hand and emphasised the role of civil society in restoration of peace."
The other members of the Peace Mission included Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind leader Maulana Mahmood A. Madani, All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat president Dr. Zafar-ul-Islam Khan, National Integration Council member Navaid Hamid and Christain leader Father Samuel.


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Biotherm Malaysia
1,000 - 5,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
Tweets por @Appszoom
+ By Blynk Mobile Team
The Official Biotherm Malaysia mobile app. If you buy any Biotherm product in Malaysia, the Biotherm app lets you check your transaction history, your loyalty points, do loyalty point redemption and also receive the latest Biotherm offers and promotions. Through the app, you will also receive special offers when you approach any location with a Biotherm outlet in Malaysia.
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(67 stars)
unable to sign in using apps, but can sign in in website.
(67 stars)


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We exist to make hungry people happy
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For a place focused on healthy, the salads are drenched in salad dressing and fried is quite prominent.
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Portions are really small and they left out part of my order. Had to call them and wait for them to bring the missing portion because they couldn't refund the money.
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Connect With Us800-299-9470
How Will My Product(s) Be Delivered?When purchasing a large appliance from AppliancesConnection, a representative will contact you 48 hours prior to arriving to your location to schedule a delivery date and a 4 hour time window. Upon delivery, your product will be unloaded and ready for you to open and inspect. If you have chosen White Glove service, the item will be placed in your room of choice and the debris will be removed.
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Hazel McCallion
Peter McKenna: Hazel McCallion's right, but who'll listen?McCallion insists that the Constitution — which says nothing about local government — needs to be opened up.
Reevely: Real estate association fights a phantom real estate taxIf you've been downtown lately, you've seen the bus-shelter ads from the Ontario Real Estate Association. Stick figures trudging into an unemployment office, broken-hearted stick families gazing at houses
Reevely: Expansion of ombudsman's powers is coming backThere's a lot of good in the provincial accountability act and it's good to see Premier Kathleen Wynne promising to bring it back in its entirety.
Reevely: Wynne didn't say gas plants are 'water under the bridge'The Ontario Tories have decided to keep hitting the "gas plants" button, beginning Monday with an emailed demand that every Ontario Liberal candidate be asked whether he or she agrees that the billion-dollar scandal is "water under the bridge."


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Genrose's Stuffed Beef Tenderloin
At-home entertaining is on the rise, and a dinner club is a great way to enjoy the company of friends and save some money, too. You can prepare the food together to freeze and take home to your family, or dine together and have each person bring a different course.
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text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 1 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 2009 Cornwell, Benjamin, Schumm, L.Philip, Laumann, Edward O., Graber Jessica . Social networks in the NSHAP study: Rationale, measurement, and preliminary findings. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 64B, (1), i47-i55. Full Text Options: DOI Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


text: |Oster has provided high quality clippers and trimmers for over 120 years. With their experience, they have been able to develop numerous styles of the best clippers, including the TeQie Mini Clipper/Trimmer. This clipper is ideal for any barber. Its sleek, compact design is a perfect fit in any hand.Features:Weighs less than 4oz.Includes stainless steel T-Blade.Ergonomic design reduces fatigue.Quiet pivot motor.Useful hanging loop.Includes clipper oil, 5 guide combs (1/16", 1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2"), and cleaning brush.Dimensions:Length - 4"Width - 1.75"Depth - 1"- All dimensions listed are approximations.


text:
Bioniche Completes Recruitment in First Phase III Clinical Trial with Urocidin(TM)
-105 high-grade refractory patients recruited in trial; complete efficacy data to be available in one year-
In this U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and Fast Track designated trial, 105 evaluable patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer received Urocidin in an open label trial. Thirty-one urology centres in
"We are pleased to have achieved this milestone with the enthusiastic support of the clinical investigators," said Dr. Francois
Data from the full cohort of evaluable patients from this trial, coupled with additional safety information to be collected from a second clinical trial that will start later this year, will be used to support regulatory submissions under the FDA's Accelerated Approval program.
Bioniche plans to conduct a second registration trial that will directly compare the efficacy and safety of Urocidin with BCG in the first-line treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In September, 2007, the Company announced that an agreement had been reached with the FDA under the Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) procedure on the design of the trial, including its endpoints, data analysis and conduct. It provides assurance that, if the trial endpoints are met, they will serve as the basis for product approval under a Biologics Licensing Application (BLA). An SPA gives a clear pathway to registration of Urocidin when the trial endpoints are achieved. This indication for MCC received Fast Track designation by the FDA last year. The Company expects to start this trial at such time as it has a marketing partner in place.
About Bladder Cancer
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a form of bladder cancer localized in the surface layers of the bladder that has not yet spread into the deeper muscle layer. This form of bladder cancer is treated predominantly by urologists using surgical resection and intravesical infusion therapy. Urocidin is an intravesical infusion therapy, administered via trans-urethral catheter into the bladder.
About Urocidin(TM)
Urocidin is a formulation of MCC, a sterile mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complex composition that has a dual mode of action: immune stimulation and direct anticancer activity. Urocidin is formulated for the treatment of bladder cancer, where it is administered by trans-urethral catheter directly into the bladder, coming into contact with immune system cells and bladder cancer cells. Industry
About Bioniche Life Sciences Inc.
Bioniche Life Sciences Inc. is a research-based, technology-driven Canadian biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development, manufacturing, and marketing of proprietary products for human and animal health markets worldwide. The fully-integrated company employs approximately 200 skilled personnel and has three operating divisions: Human Health, Animal Health, and Food Safety. The Company's primary goal is to develop proprietary cancer therapies supported by revenues from marketed products in human and animal health. Bioniche has been named one of the Top 50 Best Small and Medium-Sized Employers in
Except for historical information, this news release may contain forward-looking statements that reflect the Company's current expectation regarding future events. These forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainties, which may cause, but are not limited to, changing market conditions, the successful and timely completion of clinical studies, the establishment of corporate alliances, the impact of competitive products and pricing, new product development, uncertainties related to the regulatory approval process, and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company's ongoing quarterly and annual reporting.
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text:
An optical fiber wavelength demultiplexer including an optical fiber mounted and adhered to a curved surface having a clad single fiber core, a planar surface extending partially into and along the fiber through the cladding, a prism mounted on the surface having a reflective diffraction grating surface positioned to receive signals from the fiber travelling in one direction and demultiplex such signals, and an array of photodiodes mounted adjacent the prism to receive the demultiplexed signals.
1. A fiber optic directional demultiplexer for tapping off predetermined portions of wavelength optical energy from a single optical fiber and demultiplexing the optical energy comprising:
a curved form for supporting an optical fiber and shaping a portion thereof to a predetermined segment of a circle;
a single optical fiber mounted on said form;
means for affixing the optical fiber along a portion thereof to the curved portion of the form of a selected radius of curvature, the fiber and affixing means in the center section of the curved portion of the fiber being lapped and polished to a preselected depth of penetration into the fiber to develop a planar surface;
prism means having a face of a predetermined characteristic angle affixed to said planar surface in contact with the optical fiber and affixed thereto by means of an optically transparent adhesive;
light diffracting means formed on said prism face in line with the path of multiplexed light coupled from the fiber to the prism and effective to reflect and diffract selected portions of said light; and
photosensitive means having plural photosensitive elements positioned adjacent said prism to respond selectively to different wavelengths of light directed from the light diffracting means.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the photosensitive means is cemented to the prism by means of an optically transparent adhesive.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the photosensitive means is separate from the prism and mounted adjacent thereto so that light passing through the prism and reflected by the diffracting means is directed to the photosensitive means.
4. The device of claim 1 further comprising a pair of optical connectors coupled to opposite ends of the fiber, circuit means incorporated in the photosensitive means, and an enclosure supporting the form, the photosensitive means and the circuit means in operative relationship.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein the circuit means further comprises a preamplifier stage integrated with said photosensitive elements in a single unit.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the radius of curvature of the curved portion of the form and a portion of the optical fiber affixed thereto is selected to be between 5 and 8 cm.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the selected radius of curvature is 6 cm.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the material of the form is aluminum.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the characteristic angle of the prism face is selected to be 52�+/-5�.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the characteristic angle is 52�.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein an optical filter is positioned between the planar surface of the fiber and the prism.
12. The device of claim 1 wherein said light diffracting means comprises an optical grating.
13. The device of claim 12 wherein said grating comprises a metallic surface deposited on said prism face and selectively etched to form said grating.
14. The device of claim 12 wherein said grating is blazed into said prism face.
15. The device of claim 12 wherein the pitch of said grating is selected to be over one-half of the wavelength of the light to be diffracted.
16. The device of claim 12 wherein the grating is cemented to the prism face using an optically transparent adhesive.
17. The device of claim 1 wherein the characteristic angle of the prism face is selected to diffract higher order diffracted signals to the photosensitive means.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein the photosensitive means includes means to absorb signals that are not diffracted.
1. Field of the Invention.
This invention relates to fiber optic transmission lines and more particularly to devices for coupling to optical fibers for separating a predetermined portion of the multiplexed light signal transmitted therein and to respond discretely to the demultiplexed signals.
2. Description of the Prior Art.
The field of fiber optics has progressed in a relatively few years from laboratory curiosities and decorative pieces to present-day systems of high sophistication for optical communication and data transmission. Optical fibers or light tubes are specially fabricated filaments which exhibit the property of transmitting light longitudinally along a flexible axis. Various materials which can be used in fabrication of optical fibers and the particular properties thereof are described in Derick et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,508,589 and, in further detail, in British Pat. No. 1,037,498, cited therein. Low-loss fiber optic taps are important components for fiber optic data links and data buses. This is true because it is desirable to be able to tap a portion of a signal propagating through an optical fiber without breaking or terminating the fiber, since fiber terminations add unwanted optical losses to the system and unfavorably increase the need for highly precise fiber splicing and interconnecting arrangements. Since fiber optic transmission lines having a large number of signal taps are inherently power-starved, it is important to minimize excess losses associated with these components. Furthermore, it is desirable to have taps which can be fabricated so that the tap ratio (the power output of the tap divided by the power into the fiber in a given direction) can be conveniently tailored to the unique requirements of the given system. Efficient fiber optic taps have been reported previously whereby two fibers are cleaved, or ground and polished, at specific angles and butt joined. For example, see Karr et al, "Lightwave Fiber Tap", Applied Optics, Vol. 17, page 2215 (July 15, 1978) and Kuwahara et al, "A Semi-Transparent Mirror-Type Directional Coupler for Optical Fiber Applications", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technique, Vol. 23, page 179 (Jan. 1975). In these examples, the tap ratio is variable either by changing the cleavage angle or by using materials with different indices of refraction between the cleaved surfaces. However, devices fabricated by such methods are quite fragile and cannot be easily reproduced with sufficient accuracy.
It has been demonstrated that when an optical fiber is bent in the form of an arc, there is an increased tendency for light to escape from the bent region in a radiation pattern which is primarily in the plane of the bend and which is directed away from the center of curvature. See, for example, Gambling et al, "Radiation From Curved Single-Mode Fibers", Electronics Letters, Vol. 12, page 567 (Oct. 14, 1976); and Goell et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,982,123. The tendency for light to escape from the bent region of the fibers is enhanced when a flat region is lapped and polished into the fiber surface perpendicular to the radius of the bend in the fiber.
The advantages of multiplexing such fiber optic systems are obvious. That is, with either frequency or wavelength multiplexing of a fiber optic signal, a plurality of separate and distinct signals, each carrying different data, may utilize a single optical fiber. However, in order to do this, the output of the multiplexed signal must be divided so that each channel can be separately utilized. Many different structures have been suggested for performing the multiplexing and demultiplexing steps. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,001,577 of Albanese et al attaches plural separate fibers to a waveguide with a specific chirp characteristic such that the signals transmitted from the fibers to the waveguide are discriminated in accordance with the chirp and only those of a matched frequency are transmitted through the waveguide to a prism. U.S. Pat. No. 4,054,389 of Owen uses a fiber optic bundle, separates specific fibers in the bundle and attaches them to a wedge-shaped wide transmitting unit. The wedge effectively demultiplexes the signals due to variations in travel distance between the input side of the wedge and the output side containing photodiodes. A diffraction grating system has been suggested in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,111,524 and 4,153,330 of Tomlinson, III. In these patents plural fibers are positioned at specific angles to each other at the input side of a waveguide which has an integrally formed lens. The light thus passes out of the fibers into the waveguide, through the lens, and is then selectively reflected off of the diffraction grating to demultiplex the signal.
Additionally, numerous systems requiring travel of the light through the atmosphere for interaction with a diffraction grating are suggested in the art. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,783 of Desbois et al plural diffraction gratings are used to separate and recombine light during a modification procedure. U.S. Pat. No. 3,863,063 of Indig et al uses a concave grating to spread the multiplexed signal out in the atmosphere and then collimates the spread signal and detects its components. Also, d'Auria et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,727 utilizes the spreading cone of light exiting a fiber, collimates the light with a lens and directs the collimated light to a diffraction grating. The grating then splits the light into its components and a lens is used to focus the components on separate diodes.
Since the travel of the light through the atmosphere results in relatively bulky equipment and can result in alignment problems and interference, especially during a multiplexing step, it would be appropriate to find a system which does not depend upon atmospheric travel of the light. Boyd et al suggest such a system in an article entitled "Composite Prism-Grating Coupler For Coupling Light Into High Refractive Index Thin-Film Wave Guides", Applied Optics, Vol. 15, No. 7, page 1681 (July 1976). The article suggests the use of a prism/waveguide interface having a diffraction grating positioned at the interface in order to phase match signals coupled into the waveguide.
The present invention is a directional wavelength demultiplexer. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is commonly used to describe the superposition of several communication channels at several carrier wavelengths. It is an important technique for fiber optics transmission since it allows for multimode optical transmission through a single fiber. The purpose of the present invention is to provide for the separation of the several wavelengths carried in an optical fiber in a straightforward spatially compact, physically rugged, optically efficient, and low-cost system.
In brief, the devices of the present invention involve the use of a solid form to support and bend an optical fiber from which a predetermined amount of the incident light is to be tapped. The form is machined from a solid material, such as aluminum, and has one curved side with a radius of curvature of between 5 and 8 cm., preferably about 6 cm. A coating of epoxy resin is placed on the curved surface of the form, after which the fiber is placed in the epoxy and is constrained to the curvature of the form. When the epoxy has been cured and a plurality of forms are so prepared, the forms are mounted on a lapping and polishing fixture. The loose ends of the fibers are secured to the fixture to prevent breakage. A flat surface is lapped into the epoxy and eventually a region of the glass fiber, embedded in the epoxy, becomes exposed. Lapping of the flat surface into the fiber and the epoxy continues until the desired amount of material has been removed. The depth of removal of the fiber core is monitored by measuring the length and width of the flat region on the fiber. This measurement can be made by using a microscope with a micrometer-actuated x-y stage. The depth of the fiber removal is controlled routinely to an accuracy of +/-10 micrometers and preferably to an accuracy of +/-2 micrometers. The lapped surface is then polished using the same support fixture on a second machine which uses a fine (e.g. 1/4 micron) polishing compound. Further details of such a fabrication procedure may be found in Application Ser. No. 15,027, (now abandoned) filed Feb. 26, 1979 and assigned to the assignee of this application.
The complete device comprising the invention includes a prism for directing the light travelling in a given direction in the fiber to an associated array of photodiode detectors. The prism to be assembled on the fiber element has an optical grating surface end in the direction of light travel, preferably at an angle of 52�. The performance of the demultiplexer can be dependent on the angle of the reflection from the grating face that directs the light toward the array. The prism should produce an exiting beam which sufficiently separates the wavelengths of the multiplexed signal to provide maximum channel separation. Also the fibers used in the present invention are prone to breakage during the lapping step if the radius of curvature is under 4 cm., and the curvature is related to the amount of coupling. Thus, the angle of the grating must be selected to fit all of these parameters. For a radius of curvature of 6 cm., the angle may be 52�+/-5�. With this arrangement, nearly all of the light coupled out of the fiber is transmitted to the active area of the arrays.
The prism's optical grating reflective surface is attached to or fabricated on the reflective surface of the prism. The reflection of the optical signals from the grating causes the optical beam to be diffracted, i.e. the spectral components are separated, and different spectral regions are received separately by the photodiodes in the array. The array may be formed of discrete photodiodes or may be separate elements of a monolithic photodiode array. In addition, the photodiodes may be active elements in an array integrated with a signal processing device such as a charge-coupled shift register. Further channel separation may be provided by optical filters interposed between the exit surface of the prism and the photodetectors. However, the fundamental means for separation of the wavelength multiplexed channels is diffraction by the optical grating.
The grating, as noted, may be assembled to the prism of the coupler in a variety of ways. It may be etched or blazed into the glass of the prism or it may be a striped geometry etched in a metal film deposited on the surface of the prism. In this case, of course, the metal surface is reflective. Also, the grating may be a commercially available unit attached to the prism using optically transparent cement or epoxy. The particular channel separation desired for the unit will control the particular structure of the grating. Thus, the grating selected will depend upon the particular frequencies to be utilized as the carrying channels for the multiplexed signal.
The associated photodiode arrays are either cemented directly to the upper surface of the prism using an optically transparent epoxy or supported adjacent the prism so that the demultiplexed light leaving the prism is directed toward the appropriate photodiode. The photodiode can be packaged in a standard header/lid assembly using a lid with a window in it. More specifically, the photodiodes can be packaged in a hybrid microelectronic assembly whereby a preamplifier is included in the assembly and a window is provided on the packaged lid.
The fiber/prism/grating/photodiode system is preferably mounted rigidly in a suitable package, such as an aluminum box or molded enclosure, which supports a pair of opposed optical connectors and an electrical connector needed to interface with the device. In such an embodiment, the radiating light which is tapped from the fiber is highly localized by virtue of the coupling from the flat region of the bent fiber to the photodiodes using the described optical prism and grating.
A better understanding of the present invention may be had from a consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a view of a portion of one embodiment of the invention in a preliminary stage of fabrication;
FIG. 2 is a view of the portion of FIG. 1 following a succeeding step in the fabrication process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the fiber after treatment as in FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic views of the second portion of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of an assembled unit; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the completed unit.
FIG. 1 illustrates a form 10 to which an optical fiber 12 is affixed by cured and hardened epoxy resin 14. The form 10 is machined of solid material, such as aluminum, to develop a curved side 16 with a circular arc having a radius of curvature between 5 and 8 cm., preferably of 6 cm. Sufficient epoxy is applied to result in an adequate support surface when the part is lapped, as shown in FIG. 2. After epoxy 14 has been cured, form 10 to which fiber 12 is attached, together with a plurality of other forms and fibers which have been similarly prepared, is mounted on a lapping and polishing fixture (not shown). In this step, the exposed loose ends of fibers 12 are secured to the fixture to prevent breakage. A flat surface 18 is lapped into the epoxy, as shown in FIG. 2. During lapping in this fashion, a small section of fiber 12 becomes exposed and lapping of the flat surface 18 continues into fiber 12 and epoxy 14 until a predetermined amount of fiber has been removed. The depth of penetration of the fiber core is monitored by measuring the length and width of surface 18 along fiber 12. This measurement is made using a microscope and the depth of fiber removal is controlled routinely to an accuracy of +/-10 micrometers, preferably within +/-2 micrometers. If the radius of curvature of the fiber is less than about 4 cm., fiber 12 tends to crack as soon as the lap cuts through the buffer coating or cladding (not shown) which surrounds the fiber. Therefore, the preferred radius of curvature for fiber 12, which is determined by curved surface 16 on form 10, is 6 cm. After lapping, the flat surface is polished using the 1/4 micron particle size polishing compound. If the fiber is to be a throughput fiber, as shown, and only a portion of the signal tapped and demultiplexed only a portion of fiber 12 is lapped away. However, should it be desired to make a demultiplexer where further communication of the signal is not desired, the fiber would be severed completely so that all of the light in the fiber would be coupled into the prism.
As indicated in FIG. 3, which is a schematic representation of a portion of fiber 12 lapped to provide planar surface 18', dimension h is the distance from the fiber axis to flat surface 18'. This dimension affects the performance parameters of the optical fiber demultiplexer.
Diffraction grating faced optical prism 20 of FIG. 4 is mounted on the flat surface of the fiber to couple and diffract a fraction of the light travelling from left to right in the fiber away from the fiber to a photodiode array. The percentage of the light coupled from the fiber to the photodiode array is controlled by the depth of the flat surface 18' (FIG. 3) lapped into the fiber. Only light propagating in one direction is coupled into the array; thus only one prismatic surface, and one photodiode array are provided for in the present invention. Prism 20 is provided with mating surface 22 which eventually contacts flat surface 18' of FIG. 3. Light enters the prism through surface 22 travelling toward optical grating surface 24 on the prism's side. The surface is at an angle φ of 52� +/- 5� from the surface 22 as shown. This angle, of course, varies with the radius of curvature previously described, but for the preferred radius of curvature of 6 cm., 52� is the appropriate angle. The light is reflected inside the prism from surfaces 24 and outward to the photodiode array, not shown. In its preferred from the prism used in the present invention has a length (x) of 0.50 inches, a height (y) of 0.16 inches and a thickness (z) of 0.05 inches.
The prism to be attached to the fiber is illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The index of refraction of the glass used in the prism is important to consider. It has been determined that for best results the index of refraction of the prism, which is preferably glass, should be greater than but nearly equal to, the index of the fiber core. For example, when using a fiber with a core index of 1.61, such as the Galite 3000 LC fiber manufactured by Galileo Electro-Optics, Inc., prism glass with an index of 1.62, such as F-2 glass manufactured by Schott Glass Company, is most appropriate. The surface is metallized, for example, by vacuum deposition of gold or aluminum and then selectively etched to remove portions of the film. Thus they act as diffraction gratings. The light beam from the fiber strikes the reflective surface and is then reflected toward the top surface. The angles of the reflecting surfaces and the widths between the grating reflective surfaces are chosen so that the reflected light beams are diffracted and separate into discrete wavelength bands. This helps reduce reflection loses at the prism/photodiode array interface. The preferred angles, as noted with regard to the specific arrangements disclosed herein, are both 52�.
Diffraction grating 26 is adhered to surface 25 in FIG. 5 prior to mounting prism 20. In this form, the diffraction grating is adhered by, for instance, optically clear adhesive such as epoxy to reflective surface 24. However, as noted above, the diffraction grating can be produced by vacuum deposition of metal on surface 25 followed by selective etching. Also, photodiode array 28 is adhered to the upper surface of prism 20 by the same type of optically transparent adhesive. The array is provided with a common electrical line 30 and plural individual channel output electrical lines 32. Thus, in the figure, multiplexed light may be demultiplexed into three separate signals or channels.
In FIG. 5, form 10 is shown with fiber 12 mounted and lapped in place to form contact surface 18. Prism 20, provided with surface 25, diffraction grating 26, photodiode array 28 and contact surface 22, is positioned over the flat lapped surface. It is then cemented in place, using clear optical epoxy, for example. At this point in the process of producing the present structure, the photodiode array if not already positioned may be cemented to the prism over the region from which the diffracted beam exits the prism. The beam is shown as the arrows and indicated at P1t. A portion of a light signal input P1I is tapped off as signal P1t with the remainder continuing on through as P1O. A multiplexed light signal can be input to the fiber, the photodiode array placed on the prism, and the electrical response of the array monitored. When the wavelength separation and the overall output photocurrent of the array are maximized, by moving the array, it has been properly positioned and is cemented in place. Only one photodiode array is required in the directional demultiplexer of the present invention.
Finally, at this point, the demultiplexer, as shown in FIG. 6, is encapsulated in a potting compound 34 and provided with optical connectors 36. An exemplary potting compound is Ablecast No. 402. The resulting unit may be connected by connectors 36, in line, for tapping off portions of the multiplexed signal from a throughput fiber. Also, an optional filter 40 has been inserted between the prism and the fiber to remove unwanted signals from the coupled multiplexed signal or to select particular signals for directing to the photodiode array.
In selecting the type of grating, the size of the prism, the photosensitive diode array, etc., the following factors are of importance. Generally, either the particular wavelengths to be utilized, or the photosensitive diodes are selected first. These, of course, must be matched in order for the unit to properly function. Next, the unit size is determined, especially if it is important to miniaturize the unit. It should be noted that the further the diodes are away from the diffraction grating the better the separation of the various wavelengths of demultiplexed signals. However, there is an inherent power loss with travel through a thick prism. Thus, since photosensitive diodes are commercially available which are very sensitive to low power light signals, the geometry of the system is more controlled by the need to separate the wavelength channels and the height y of the prism is generally controlled by the spacing between the photodiodes, the type of grating and the spacing in the grating. Also, the angle of impingement of the multiplexed light upon the diffraction grating affects the rate of separation of the various wavelengths, as does the grating pitch. Thus, the particular wavelengths of light available, the effective wavelength sensitivities of the photosensitive elements, and the geometry of the system control the specific design of the unit.
The use of an angle of 52� for the diffraction grating generally presumes that the grating fully separates the multiplexed signals into the various wavelengths contained therein. Where less efficient gratings are utilized often a centrally positioned signal containing a portion of the signal of each wavelength is present. When this occurs it is desirable to minimize the effect of this signal by placing a light absorptive element, such as the block 38 shown in FIG. 6, at the point where the central multiple wavelength signal exits the prism. Alternatively, the angle of the grating can be changed from the preferred 52� angle to an angle that directs this central signal away from the photodiode array and still directs the demultiplexed signal toward the array in a higher order diffraction pattern.
For example, if it is desired to isolate five different channels of wavelength multiplexed optical data produced by injection laser diodes having center wavelengths to 805, 825, 850, 870 and 885 nm. the first-order diffraction from the grating would be determined by the equation:
λ=2d sinθ
where λ is the optical wavelength, d is the pitch of the grating and θ is the angle of the diffracted rays relative to the grating normal. In order to minimize cross-talk it would be necessary to maximize the derivative of the diffraction angle with respect to the optical wavelength. Thus, differentiating the above equation, the change in angle relative to the change in wavelength is:
dθ/dλ=(tanθ)/λ=1.2 tanθ
in radians per μm. Since the tangent θ increases rapidly with increasing θ so long as θ is greater than 45�, the wavelength discrimination will improve substantially for increased values of θ. However, the efficiency of the demultiplexer would depend on the diffraction angle and on polarization of the incident light. This efficiency is affected by the diffraction angle, blaze angle, and optical polarization; and it diminishes to zero as the diffraction angle approaches 90�. Substituting in the above equations, it will become apparent that the pitch of the grating should be slightly more than one-half the value of the longest wavelength to be diffracted. Thus, if an angle of 52� is chosen for use with the five injection laser diodes mentioned above, a grating having 1850 lines per mm would be desired. This is within the range of commercially available diffraction gratings. It should be noted that, due to the close spacing of the diffraction angles (for example, the above unit results in diffraction angles varying from 48.1� to 54.9�), the optical signal incident on the grating should be well collimated. Thus the system must be designed well in order to prevent unacceptable power losses from occurring.
Although there have been described above specific arrangements of a directional demultiplexer for fiber optics in accordance with the invention for the purpose of illustrating the manner in which the invention may be used to advantage, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto. For example, although the invention has been disclosed in the context of association with directional demultiplexers using visible light, the principles of the invention are equally applicable to systems not using visible light and the like. Accordingly, any and all modifications, variations or equivalent arrangements which may occur to those skilled in the art should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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*Free economy car with 7 night stay or more, valid 4/9 thru 12/18, while cars are available. Not valid with any other special offers. Car can be upgraded for minimal fee.If you are interested in adding a rental car outside of these dates, please inquire for rental car pricing.*Two story condo offers a wonderful ocean view and dramatic sunrises overlooking Shipwreck Beach*Master suite of this two bed/two bath condo is located on the top floor (third) providing extra privacy*Lovely interior is full of great amenities to help you feel right at homePoipu Sands is located on over seven acres next door to the Grand Hyatt Kauai. These vacation rentals in sunny Poipu boast expansive green areas with tropical landscaping providing you with a large open grassy space and a carefree, beach resort lifestyle while relaxing in your spacious condo. Poipu Sands and the Grand Hyatt share a gateway to the Poipu Kai greenbelt giving everyone easy access to Shipwreck Beach (Keoneloa Bay) on one end and Poipu and Brennecke's beaches on the other.Poipu Sands has its own swimming pool and tennis court as well as use of the Poipu Kai community swimming pool, hot tub and tennis courts. A thriving, friendly tennis community at Poipu Kai welcomes Kauai's visitors with open arms. Several barbeque areas with comfortable sitting areas are throughout the Poipu Sands' grounds.Stroll down to Shipwreck Beach and watch the sunrise or climb the Mahaulepu Coastal Trail, which begins just beyond the beach. This trail is a special part of the Kauai History Heritage site and the last stretch of accessible coastline on the South Shore that has not been developed. This wonderful coastal hike takes you across a variety of terrain, from small sand dunes to sandstone pinnacles and even a sinkhole cave. The area provides a safe haven for marine life, such as sea turtles and the endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal. The trail leads to beautiful Mahaulepu Beach, a great place to spot whales in the winter or observe (from a distance) a monk seal napping on the beach.Next door to the Sands, you can wander around the Grand Hyatt Kauai Resort & Spa's lush tropical gardens or indulge in a reviving treatment at the world-class Anara Spa. This lovely setting lets you easily explore the natural wonders of our Garden Isle of Kauai, as well as dine at several delightful restaurants or enjoy the galleries and shops. Treat yourself to one of Kauai's best luaus, featuring authentic dance, events and cuisine.On the opposite side of the Hyatt, only a ten-minute walk away, is the world famous Poipu Bay Golf Course situated on 210 oceanfront acres. Challenging at all levels of play and yet fun for the novice as well, Poipu Bay hosted the PGA Grand Slam of Golf from 1994-2006.Kauai's Poipu Sands is an ideal location for a memorable holiday experience!Other AmenitiesLovely interiorTwo levelsBidet in Master BathroomAdjacent to Grand HyattComplimentary Island Soap and CandleWorks toiletriesStarter kit of Kauai Coffee Company coffee and condiments providedAll linens including beach towels providedStarter kit of paper and cleaning products such as toilet paper, paper towels, laundry detergent, etc. providedThis property offers exclusive 'Members Only' POIPU BEACH ATHLETIC CLUB MEMBERSHIPS to our Guests!The club is open Tuesdays thru Sundays from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm. Closed Mondays.Located in the heart of Poipu next door to the Poipu Shopping Village.FEATURES:82,000 gallon resort style pool with waterslide1,600 gallon hot tubSand-bottom children's pool areaCardio, treadmills, ellipticals, AMT machines, stationary bikesWeight circuit, free weights, medicine ballsFitness classes and personal trainingCore, Zumba, Water Aerobics, Yoga (yoga mats provided)Cost for classes are $8 per class/per person3 UTSA regulation courts (ball machines, racquets and balls provided)....AND MORE!We can assist you in booking fitness classes or reserving your tennis court!COST:The cost is $100 a week, $20 for each additional day. Includes you and your guests up to 8 people.
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