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The 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup schedule, as announced Tuesday on Fox Sports 1's "Race Hub" and NBC Sports Network's "NASCAR America," is a more geographically friendly version that also pays homage to important traditions of the past.
The Darlington race returns to its historic spot on Labor Day weekend, while the Atlanta date moves from Labor Day weekend to March 1, the Sunday after the season-opening Daytona 500.
Atlanta also will feature a weekend tripleheader, as both the NASCAR Nationwide Series and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series will race at the 1.54-mile speedway on Feb. 28 as a prelude to the March 1 Sprint Cup main event.
Las Vegas occupies its traditional third spot on the schedule, but there's a major difference. Vegas starts a three-race West Coast Swing that sees NASCAR's premier series travel from Las Vegas to Phoenix and then to Fontana, California, on successive weeks.
For the past few years, the series has raced at Phoenix and Las Vegas as the second two dates, then returned to the East Coast for a short-track race at Bristol before heading back to California for a late-March race.
The current West Coast Swing not only is more cost-effective from a transportation and personnel standpoint, but it also creates a nexus of NASCAR activity centered in the western states, with manageable travel times between tracks for teams and fans alike.
Bunching the West Coast races also allows Bristol to move from mid-March to April 19, a more favorable date for Thunder Valley from a weather standpoint.
Other significant changes include the move of the July race at Daytona from its traditional Saturday night slot to Sunday night. Kentucky moves from late June to July 11, creating an off week on June 21, a month earlier than usual.
There's another off week between the Aug. 22 Night Race at Bristol and the Labor Day weekend date at Darlington. That off week will gives teams on the Chase bubble more time to prepare for the final two make-or-break races of the Sprint Cup regular season.
The Chase tracks remain the same, with only one change in the order of the final 10 races. Charlotte and Kansas trade places, with Charlotte now the fourth Chase race and Kansas the fifth.
The Sprint Cup schedule includes its typical 36 points races and two non-point events — the Feb. 14 Sprint Unlimited at Daytona and the May 16 NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race at Charlotte.
The NASCAR Nationwide Series, which will run with a new, yet-to-be-announced entitlement sponsor next year, features 33 races, six of which are stand-alone events. The NASCAR Camping World Truck Series schedule increases to 23 races, seven of which are stand-alones, including the popular dirt-track race at Eldora Speedway on July 22, four days before the Sprint Cup event at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.


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Retirement planning is a challenge worldwide. The world's population of people older than 65 will increase from 550 million today to more than 1.4 billion by 2050, according to a report by HSBC Bank published today. The white paper also said that people everywhere have blinders on about this issue. They know they are going» Read more
The Great Recession combined with the onslaught of aging baby boomers is causing a lot of people to delay retirement, and ultimately, that is likely to have a huge impact on our economy, points out a study released this morning by the nonprofit economic research firm, The Conference Board. Researcher and lead author Gad Levanon» Read more
Today is Bob Dylan's 70th birthday. His songs helped shape my life. I know exactly where I was when I first heard many of them. The lyrics still figure into how I look at the world. But I think it is time for Bob to quit touring. He never had a melodic voice — it» Read more
As part of our retirement planning, my husband and I are designing a new home. We're including a couple of offices because I've worked from a home office for 15 years, and my husband contemplates working from home when he finally retires from his full-time job — if that ever happens. My husband will be» Read more
The British are considering a 140-pound weekly per person, flat-rate pension available at age 66 to almost all residents of the UK – you wouldn't even have to be a citizen. It would replace a much more complicated retirement system that required 30 years of contributions and very unpopular means testing. If you convert 140 pounds to» Read more
By now you've heard that judgment day is at hand. The rapture is scheduled to unfold on Saturday, May 21. And with all the natural disasters and global political unrest we've had lately, it doesn't seem so far-fetched. In preparation for this event, I have made no retirement planning changes whatsoever. In fact, I expect to» Read more
How much will the Great Recession affect your retirement? The answer is more than you might suspect. A joint study by the Urban Institute and the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College concluded that workers who were unemployed for many months accumulated fewer Social Security and employer-sponsored pension credits and were unlikely to have» Read more
My late mother-in-law used to keep her retirement savings in six different banks so that she never had more than the FDIC-insured limit in any one place. This daughter of the Great Depression never wanted to risk losing it all to financial crisis. I used to snicker about her money-management ideas, but these days her» Read more
The U.S. Supreme Court made one thing clear in yesterday's Amara v. Cigna decision: Employees are on their own to understand what their pension paperwork actually says. In 1997 and 1998, Cigna, the Philadelphia-based insurance company, converted its traditional pension plan to a cash balance plan. It gave its employees a synopsis of the plan» Read more
The retirement planning Nervous Nellies among us are legion. Two more studies released today say once again, that boomers are nervous about retirement. The Society of Actuaries study reported that 58 percent of retirees and 71 percent of pre-retirees were concerned about the impact of inflation on the value of their savings and investments. MFS» Read more

subset: commoncrawl


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Clearing the decks for possible delivery of the state-of-the-art Dreamliner 787, a Group of Ministers (GoM) on Wednesday approved the compensation package to be sought by Air India from Boeing for the four-year delay in delivery of the aircraft.
Although there was no word on the amount of compensation that has been finalised by the GoM, on the grounds of confidentiality of the agreement between Air India and Boeing, Civil Aviation Minister Ajit Singh told journalists after a meeting that the matter would be taken to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) for approval whenever it met next. The GoM is headed by Home Minister P. Chidambaram.
However, informed sources said a meeting of the CCEA was likely to be held on Thursday.
Air India had negotiated a compensation package with Boeing because the planes were to be delivered in 2008. "The earlier agreement was for a delay of six months and a certain amount was agreed upon. That has been enhanced now," Mr. Singh said. The Dreamliners have been ready for delivery since the last two months and were parked at the Boeing facility in the U.S.
The GoM discussed the terms of compensation and the amount to be paid by Boeing as per the latest agreement with Air India, which was approved by Air India Board on May 28. Deposing before a parliamentary committee, then Air India chairman Arvind Jadhav had said: "We have slapped a compensation claim of $710 million. Obviously, they have confirmed $145 million they will pay as compensation for the delay." The report of the parliamentary committee was made public in March 2010.
The airline placed orders to buy 27 B-787s in 2005 and, as per the original schedule the aircraft manufacturer had to commence delivery from September 2008. Delivery was delayed owing to various factors, including labour trouble in Boeing and delays in getting parts from foreign suppliers.
Keywords: Group of Ministers approval, AI revival


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VIEWS: 301 PAGES: 25 POSTED ON: 7/18/2011 Public Domain
The Armenian Genocide of 1915: An Overview All students working on the issue of the Armenian genocide must read pages 1-2 of this series of documents. By JOHN KIFNER, New York Times On the eve of World War I, there were two million Armenians in the declining Ottoman Empire. By 1922, there were fewer than 400,000. The others — some 1.5 million — were killed in what historians consider a genocide. As David Fromkin put it in his widely praised history of World War I and its aftermath, "A Peace to End All Peace": "Rape and beating were commonplace. Those who were not killed at once were driven through mountains and deserts without food, drink or shelter. Hundreds of thousands of Armenians eventually succumbed or were killed ." The man who invented the word "genocide"— Raphael Lemkin, a lawyer of Polish-Jewish origin — was moved to investigate the attempt to eliminate an entire people by accounts of the massacres of Armenians. He did not, however, coin the word until 1943, applying it to Nazi Germany and the Jews in a book published a year later, "Axis Rule in Occupied Europe." But to Turks, what happened in 1915 was, at most, just one more messy piece of a very messy war that spelled the end of a once-powerful empire. They reject the conclusions of historians and the term genocide, saying there was no premeditation in the deaths, no systematic attempt to destroy a people. Indeed, in Turkey today it remains a crime — "insulting Turkishness" — to even raise the issue of what happened to the Armenians. In the United States, a powerful Armenian community centered in Los Angeles has been pressing for years for Congress to condemn the Armenian genocide. Turkey, which cut military ties to France over a similar action, has reacted with angry threats. A bill to that effect nearly passed in the fall of 2007, gaining a majority of co-sponsors and passing a committee vote. But the Bush administration, noting that Turkey is a critical ally — more than 70 per cent of the military air supplies for Iraq go through the Incirlik airbase there — pressed for the bill to be withdrawn, and it was. The roots of the genocide lie in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The empire"s ruler was also the caliph, or leader of the Islamic community. Minority religious communities, like the Christian Armenians, were allowed to maintain their religious, social and legal structures, but were often subject to extra taxes or other measures. Concentrated largely in eastern Anatolia, many of them merchants and industrialists, Armenians, historians say, appeared markedly better off in many ways than their Turkish neighbors, largely small peasants or ill-paid government functionaries and soldiers. At the turn of the 20th Century, the once far-flung Ottoman empire was crumbling at the edges, beset by revolts among Christian subjects to the north — vast swaths of territory were lost in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13 — and the subject of coffee house grumbling among Arab nationalist intellectuals in Damascus and elsewhere. The Young Turk movement of ambitious, discontented junior army officers seized power in 1908, determined to modernize, strengthen and "Turkify" the empire. They were led by what became an all-powerful triumvirate sometimes referred to as the Three Pashas. In March of 1914, the Young Turks entered World War I on the side of Germany. They attacked to the east, hoping to capture the city of Baku in what would be a disastrous campaign against Russian forces in the Caucuses. They were soundly defeated at the battle of Sarikemish. Armenians in the area were blamed for siding with the Russians and the Young Turks began a campaign to portray the Armenians as a kind of fifth column, a threat to the state. Indeed, there were Armenian nationalists who acted as guerrillas and cooperated with the Russians. They briefly seized the city of Van in the spring of 1915. Armenians mark the date April 24, 1915, when several hundred Armenian intellectuals were rounded up, arrested and later executed as the start of the Armenian genocide and it is generally said to have extended to 1917. However, there were also massacres of Armenians in 1894, 1895, 1896, 1909, and a reprise between 1920 and 1923. The University of Minnesota"s Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies has compiled figures by province and district that show there were 2,133,190 Armenians in the empire in 1914 and only about 387,800 by 1922. Writing at the time of the early series of massacres, The New York Times suggested there was already a "policy of extermination directed against the Christians of Asia Minor." The Young Turks, who called themselves the Committee of Unity and Progress, launched a set of measures against the Armenians, including a law authorizing the military and government to deport anyone they "sensed" was a security threat. A later law allowed the confiscation of abandoned Armenian property. Armenians were ordered to turn in any weapons that they owned to the authorities. Those in the army were disarmed and transferred into labor battalions where they were either killed or worked to death. There were executions into mass graves, and death marches of men, women and children across the Syrian desert to concentration camps with many dying along the way of exhaustion, exposure and starvation. Much of this was quite well documented at the time by Western diplomats, missionaries and others, creating widespread wartime outrage against the Turks in the West. Although its ally, Germany, was silent at the time, in later years documents have surfaced from ranking German diplomats and military officers expressing horror at what was going on. Some historians, however, while acknowledging the widespread deaths, say what happened does not technically fit the definition of genocide largely because they do not feel there is evidence that it was well-planned in advance. The New York Times covered the issue extensively — 145 articles in 1915 alone by one count — with headlines like "Appeal to Turkey to Stop Massacres." The Times described the actions against the Armenians as "systematic," "authorized, and "organized by the government." The American ambassador, Henry Morganthau Sr., was also outspoken. In his memoirs, the ambassador would write: "When the Turkish authorities gave the orders for these deportations, they were merely giving the death warrant to a whole race; they understood this well, and in their conversations with me, they made no particular attempt to conceal the fact." Following the surrender of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Three Pashas fled to Germany, where they were given protection. But the Armenian underground formed a group called Operation Nemesis to hunt them down. On March 15, 1921, one of the pashas was shot dead on a street in Berlin in broad daylight in front of witnesses. The gunman pled temporary insanity brought on by the mass killings and a jury took only a little over an hour to acquit him. It was the defense evidence at this trial that drew the interest of Mr. Lemkin, the coiner of "genocide." 2 Documents: Armenian Genocide at the Hands of the Turks, 1915 1. Talaat Pasha's Alleged Official Orders Regarding the Armenian Massacres, March 1915-January 1916 Reproduced below are official telegrams allegedly despatched by Turkish Minister of the Interior Talaat Pasha authorising ongoing massacre of Armenians from March 1915 onwards. All were purportedly signed by Talaat himself other than the first. The first telegram is signed by the "Djemiet", i.e. the executive committee of the 'Young Turk' organisation; given that Talaat was himself chairman of the organisation the telegram was necessarily issued with his authorisation. Note that the authenticity of the telegrams has long been debated, dismissed as clear propaganda fakes by many and regarded as genuine by others. Talaat himself strenuously denied writing the telegrams. Talaat Pasha's Official Orders Regarding the Armenian Massacres, March 1915-January 1916 March 25th, 1915 To Djemal Bey, Delegate at Adana: The duty of everyone is to effect on the broadest lines possible the realization of the noble project of wiping out of existence the well-known elements who for centuries have been the barrier to the empire's progress in civilization. We must, therefore, take upon ourselves the entire responsibility, pledging ourselves to this action no matter what happens, and always remembering how great is the sacrifice which the Government has made in entering the World War. We must work so that the means used may lead to the desired end. In our dispatch dated February 18th, we announced that the Djemiet has decided to uproot and annihilate the different forces which for centuries have been a hindrance; for this purpose it is forced to resort to very bloody methods. Certainly the contemplation of these methods horrified us, but the Djemiet saw no other way of insuring the stability of its work. Ali Riza [Note: the committee delegate at Aleppo] harshly criticised us and urged that we be merciful; such simplicity is nothing short of stupidity. We will find a place for all those who will not cooperate with us, a place that will wring their delicate heartstrings. Again let me remind you of the question of property left. This is very important. Watch its distribution with vigilance; always examine the accounts and the use made of the proceeds. THE DJEMIET September 3rd, 1915 To the Prefecture of Aleppo: We advise that you include the woman and children also in the orders which have been previously prescribed as to be applied to the males of the intended persons. Select employees of confidence for these duties. Minister of the Interior, TALAAT. 3 September 16th To the Prefecture of Aleppo: You have already been advised that the Government, by order of the Djemiet, has decided to destroy completely all the indicated persons [Armenians] living in Turkey. All who oppose this decision and command cannot remain on the official staff of the empire. Their existence must come to an end, however tragic the means may be; and no regard must be paid to either age or sex, or to conscientious scruples. Minister of the Interior, TALAAT. November 18th, 1915 To the Prefecture of Aleppo: It appears, from the interventions which have recently been made by the American Ambassador [Note: Mr. Morgenthau] at Constantinople on behalf of his Government, that the American Consuls are obtaining information by some secret means. They remain unconvinced, despite our assurance that the deportations will be accomplished in safety and comfort. Be careful that events which attract attention shall not occur in connection with those who are near cities and other centres. In view of our present policy, it is most important that foreigners who are in those parts shall be convinced that the expulsion of the Armenians is in reality only deportation. Therefore it is necessary that a show of gentle dealing shall be made for a while, and the usual measures be taken in suitable places. All persons who have given information to the contrary shall be arrested and handed over to the military authorities for trial by court-martial. This order is recommended as very important. TALAAT. December 11th, 1915 To the Prefecture of Aleppo: We are informed that some correspondents of Armenian journals are acquiring photographs and letters which depict tragic events, and these they give to the American Consul at Aleppo. Dangerous people of this kind must be arrested and suppressed. Minister of the Interior, TALAAT. December 29th, 1915 To the Prefecture of Aleppo: 4 We are informed that foreign officers are finding along the roads the corpses of the indicated persons, and are photographing them. Have these corpses buried at once and do not allow them to be left near the roads. This order is recommended as very important. Minister of the Interior, TALAAT. January 15th, 1916 To the Government of Aleppo: We are informed that certain orphanages which have opened also admitted the children of the Armenians. Should this be done through ignorance of our real purpose, or because of contempt of it, the Government will view the feeding of such children or any effort to prolong their lives as an act completely opposite to its purpose, since it regards the survival of these children as detrimental. I recommend the orphanages not to receive such children; and no attempts are to be made to establish special orphanages for them. Minister of the Interior, TALAAT. (Undated.) From the Ministry of the Interior to the Governor of Aleppo: Only those orphans who cannot remember the terrors to which their parents have been subjected must be collected and kept. Send the rest away with the caravans. Minister of the Interior, TALAAT. Source: Source Records of the Great War, Vol. III, ed. Charles F. Horne, National Alumni 1923 5 2. Bryce Report into the Armenian Massacre, October 1915 Reproduced below is an extract from the text of the official British Government report into the Armenian Massacres conducted by Turkey during April-December 1915. The report, published while the massacres were still in progress (in October 1915) was produced by James Bryce, who had earlier published a report investigating alleged German atrocities in Belgium shortly after the war began in August 1914. In his report Lord Bryce clearly indicted the present Turkish government as having deliberately set itself upon a policy of extermination of the Ottoman Empire's Armenian population. British Government Report on the Armenian Massacres of April-December 1915 by Lord Bryce I am grieved to say that such information as has reached me from several quarters goes to show that the number of those who have perished in Armenia is very large. It has been estimated at the figure of 800,000. Though hoping that figure to be beyond the mark, I cannot venture to pronounce it incredible, for there has been an unparalleled destruction of life all over the country from the frontiers of Persia to the Sea of Marmora, only a very few of the cities of the Aegean coast having escaped. This is so, because the proceedings taken have been so carefully premeditated and systematically carried out, with a ruthless efficiency previously unknown among the Turks. The massacres are the result of a policy which, as far as can be ascertained, has been entertained for some considerable time by the gang of unscrupulous adventurers in possession of the Government of the Turkish Empire. They hesitated to put it in practice until they thought the favourable moment had come, and that moment seems to have arrived about the month of April, 1915. That was the time when these orders were issued, orders which came down in every case from Constantinople, and which the officials found themselves obliged to carry out on pain of dismissal. There was no Muslim passion against the Armenian Christians. All was done by the will of the Government, and done not from any religious fanaticism, but simply because they wished, for reasons purely political, to get rid of a non-Muslim element which impaired the homogeneity of the Empire, and constituted an element that might not always submit to oppression. All that I have learned confirms what has already been said elsewhere, that there is no reason to believe that in this case Musulman fanaticism came into play at all. So far as can be made out, though of course the baser natures have welcomed and used the opportunities for plunder which slaughter and deportations afford, these massacres have been viewed by the better sort of religious Muslims with horror rather than with sympathy. It would be too much to say that they have often attempted to interfere, but at any rate they do not seem to have shown approval of the conduct of the Turkish Government. There is nothing in the precepts of Islam which justifies the slaughter which has been perpetrated. I am told on good authority that high Muslim religious authorities condemned the massacres ordered by Abdul Hamid, and these are far more atrocious. In some cases the governors, being pious and humane men, refused to execute the orders that had reached them, and endeavoured to give what protection they could to the unfortunate Armenians. In two cases I have heard of the governors being immediately dismissed for refusing to obey the orders. Others more pliant were substituted, and the massacres were carried out. As I have said, the procedure was exceedingly systematic. The whole Armenian population of each town or village was cleared out, by a house-to-house search. Every inmate was driven into the street. Some of the men were 6 thrown into prison, where they were put to death, sometimes with torture; the rest of the men, with the women and children, were marched out of the town. When they had got some little distance they were separated, the men being taken to some place among the hills, where the soldiers, or the Kurdish tribes who were called in to help in the work of slaughter, dispatched them by shooting or bayoneting. The women and children and old men were sent off under convoy of the lowest kinds of soldiers - many of them just drawn from jails - to their distant destination, which was sometimes one of the unhealthy districts in the centre of Asia Minor, but more frequently the large desert in the province of Der el Zor, which lies east of Aleppo, in the direction of the Euphrates. They were driven along by the soldiers day after day, all on foot, beaten or left behind to perish if they could not keep up with the caravan; many fell by the way, and many died of hunger. No provisions were given them by the Turkish Government, and they had already been robbed of everything they possessed. Not a few of the women were stripped naked and made to travel in that condition beneath a burning sun. Some of the mothers went mad and threw away their children, being unable to carry them further. The caravan route was marked by a line of corpses, and comparatively few seem to have arrived at the destinations which had been prescribed for them - chosen, no doubt, because return was impossible and because there was little prospect that any would survive their hardships. I have had circumstantial accounts of these deportations which bear internal evidence of being veracious, and I was told by an American friend who has lately returned from Constantinople that he had heard accounts at Constantinople confirming fully those which had come to me, and that what had struck him was the comparative calmness with which these atrocities were detailed by those who had first-hand knowledge of them. Things which we find scarcely credible excite little surprise in Turkey. Massacre was the order of the day as in Eastern Rumelia in 1876, and, in 1895-6, in Asiatic Turkey. When the Armenian population was driven from its homes, many of the women were not killed, but reserved for a more humiliating fate. They were mostly seized by Turkish officers or civilian officials, and consigned to their harems. Others were sold in the market, but only to a Muslim purchaser, for they were to be made Muslims by force. Never again would they see parents or husbands these Christian women condemned at one stroke to slavery, shame and apostasy. The boys and girls were also very largely sold into slavery, at prices sometimes of only ten to twelve shillings, while other boys of tender age were delivered to dervishes, to be carried off to a sort of dervish monastery, and there forced to become Musulmans. To give one instance of the thorough and remorseless way in which the massacres were carried out, it may suffice to refer to the case of Trebizond, a case vouched for by the Italian Consul who was present when the slaughter was carried out, his country not having then declared war against Turkey. Orders came from Constantinople that all the Armenian Christians in Trebizond were to be killed. Many of the Muslims tried to save their Christian neighbors, and offered them shelter in their houses, but the Turkish authorities were implacable. Obeying the orders which they had received, they hunted out all the Christians, gathered them together, and drove a great crowd of them down the streets of Trebizond, past the fortress, to the edge of the sea. There they were all put on board sailing boats, carried out some distance on the Black Sea, and there thrown overboard and drowned. 7 Nearly the whole Armenian population of from 8,000 to 10,000 were destroyed - some in this way, some by slaughter, some by being sent to death elsewhere. After that, any other story becomes credible; and I am sorry to say that all the stories that I have received contain similar elements of horror, intensified in some cases by stories of shocking torture. But the most pitiable case is not that of those whose misery was ended by swift death, but of those unfortunate women who, after their husbands had been killed and their daughters violated, were driven out with their young children to perish in the desert where they have no sustenance, and where they are the victims of the wild Arab tribes around them. It would seem that three-fourths or four-fifths of the whole nation has been wiped out, and there is no case in history, certainly not since the time of Tamerlane, in which any crime so hideous and upon so large a scale has been recorded. Let me add, because this is of some importance in view of the excuses which the German Government put forward, and which their Ambassador in Washington is stated to have given, when he talked about "the suppression of riots," for the conduct of those who were their allies, that there is no ground for the suggestion that there had been any rising on the part of the Armenians. A certain number of Armenian volunteers fought on the side of the Russians in the Caucasian Army, but they came from the Armenian population of Trans-Caucasia. It may be that some few Armenians crossed the frontier in order to fight alongside their Armenian brethren in Trans-Caucasia for Russia, but at any rate, the volunteer corps which rendered such brilliant service to the Russian Army in the first part of the war was composed of Russian Armenians living in the Caucasus. Wherever the Armenians, almost wholly unarmed as they were, have fought, they have fought in self-defence to defend their families and themselves from the cruelty of the ruffians who constitute what is called the Government of the country. There is no excuse whatever upon any such ground as some German authorities and newspapers allege, for the conduct of the Turkish Government. Their policy of slaughter and deportation has been wanton and unprovoked. It appears to be simply an application of the maxim once enunciated by Sultan Abdul Ilamid: "The way to get rid of the Armenian question is to get rid of the Armenians"; and the policy of extermination has been carried out with far more thoroughness and with far more bloodthirsty completeness by the present heads of the Turkish Administration-they describe themselves as the Committee of Union and Progress - than it was in the time of Abdul Hamid. Even if the statistics were more abundant and more eloquent still, they might fail to convey to our imagination the actuality of what has happened. A nation blotted out! It is easy to say it with the lips, more difficult to realize what it means, for it is something totally beyond our experience. Perhaps nothing brings it home more crushingly than the record which we have of one little community of sensitive, refined Armenian people, and of the terrible fates by which they were individually overtaken. They were the members of an educational establishment in a certain Anatolian town, which was endowed and directed by a society of foreign missionaries; and the following is taken directly from a letter which was written by the President of the College after the blow had fallen. I shall try to banish from my mind for the time the sense of great personal sorrow because of losing hundreds of my friends here, and also my sense of utter defeat in being so unable to stop the awful tragedy or even mitigate to any degree its severity, and compel myself to give you concisely some of the cold facts of the past months as they 8 relate themselves to the College. I do so with the hope that the possession of these concrete facts may help you to do something there for the handful of dependents still left to us here. (i) Constituency: Approximately two-thirds of the girl pupils and six-sevenths of the boys have been taken away to death, exile or Muslim homes. (ii) Professors: Four gone, three left, as follows: Professor A., served College 35 years. Professor of Turkish and History. Besides previous trouble arrested May 1st without charge, hair of head, moustache and beard pulled out in vain effort to secure damaging confessions. Starved and hung by arms for a day and a night and severely beaten several times. Taken out towards Diyarbekir about June 10th and murdered in general massacre on the road. Professor B., served College 33 years, studied at Ann Arbor. Professor of Mathematics, arrested about June 5th and shared Professor A.'s fate on the road. Professor C., taken to witness a man beaten almost to death, became mentally deranged. Started with his family about July 5th into exile under guard and murdered beyond the first big town on the road. (Principal of Preparatory Department, studied at Princeton.) Served the College 20 years. Professor D., served College 16 years, studied at Edinburgh, Professor of Mental and Moral Science. Arrested with Professor A. and suffered same tortures, also had three fingernails pulled out by the roots; killed in same massacre. Professor E., served College 25 years, arrested May 1st, not tortured but sick in prison. Sent to Red Crescent Hospital and after paying large bribes is now free. Professor F., served the College for over 15 years, studied in Stuttgart and Berlin, Professor of Music, escaped arrest and torture, and thus far escaped exile and death because of favour with the Kaim-makam secured by personal services rendered. Professor G., served the College about 15 years, studied at Cornell and Yale (M.S.), Professor of Biology, arrested about June 5th, beaten about the hands, body and head with a stick by the Kaim-makam himself, who, when tired, called on all who loved religion and the nation to continue the beating; after a period of insensibility in a dark closet, taken to the Red Crescent Hospital with a broken finger and serious bruises. (iii) Instructors, Male: Four reported killed on the road in various massacres, whose average term of service is eight years. Three not heard from, probably killed on the road, average term of service in the College four years. Two sick in Missionary Hospital. One in exile. One engaged in cabinet work for the Kaim-makam, free. One, owner of house occupied by the Kaim-makam, free. (iv) Instructors, Female: One reported killed in Chunkoosh, served the College over twenty years. One reported taken to a Turkish harem. Three not heard from. Four started out as exiles. Ten free. Of the Armenian people as a whole we may put an estimate that three-fourths are gone, and this three-fourths includes the leaders in every walk of life, merchants, professional men, preachers, bishops and government officials. 9 I have said enough. Our hearts are sick with the sights and stories of abject terror and suffering. The extermination of the race seems to be the objective, and the means employed are more fiendish than could be concocted locally. The orders are from headquarters, and any reprieve must be from the same source. 3. German Memoir of the Armenian Massacres When I returned to Aleppo in September, 1915, from a three months' holiday at Beirut, I heard with horror that a new phase of Armenian massacres had begun which were far more terrible than the earlier massacres under Abdul- Hamid, and which aimed at exterminating, root and branch, the intelligent, industrious, and progressive Armenian nation, and at transferring its property to Turkish hands. Such monstrous news left me at first incredulous. I was told that, in various quarters of Aleppo, there were lying masses of half-starved people, the survivors of so-called "deportation convoys." In order, I was told, to cover the extermination of the Armenian nation with a political cloak, military reasons were being put forward, which were said to make it necessary to drive the Armenians out of their native seats, which had been theirs for 2,500 years, and to deport them to the Arabian deserts. I was also told that individual Armenians had lent themselves to acts of espionage. After I had informed myself about the facts and had made inquiries on all sides, I came to the conclusion that all these accusations against the Armenians were, in fact, based on trifling provocations, which were taken as an excuse for slaughtering 10,000 innocents for one guilty person, for the most savage outrages against women and children, and for a campaign of starvation against the exiles which was intended to exterminate the whole nation. To test the conclusion derived from my information, I visited all the places in the city where there were Armenians left behind by the convoys. In dilapidated caravansaries (hans) I found quantities of dead, many corpses being half- decomposed, and others, still living, among them, who were soon to breathe their last. In other yards I found quantities of sick and starving people whom no one was looking after. In the neighbourhood of the German Technical School, at which I am employed as a higher grade teacher, there were four such hans, with seven or eight hundred exiles dying of starvation. We teachers and our pupils had to pass by them every day. Every time we went out we saw through the open windows their pitiful forms, emaciated and wrapped in rags. In the mornings our schoolchildren, on their way through the narrow streets, had to push past the two-wheeled ox-carts, on which every day from eight to ten rigid corpses, without coffin or shroud, were carried away, their arms and legs trailing out of the vehicle. After I had shared this spectacle for several days I thought it my duty to compose the following report: As teachers in the German Technical School at Aleppo, we permit ourselves with all respect to make the following report: We feel it our duty to draw attention to the fact that our educational work will forfeit its moral basis and the esteem of the natives, if the German Government is not in a position to put a stop to the brutality with which the wives and children of slaughtered Armenians are being treated here. Out of convoys which, when they left their homes on the Armenian plateau, numbered from two to three thousand men, women and children, only two or three hundred survivors arrive here in the south. The men are slaughtered on the way; the women and girls, with the exception of the old, the ugly and those who are still children, have been 10 abused by Turkish soldiers and officers and then carried away to Turkish and Kurdish villages, where they have to accept Islam. They try to destroy the remnant of the convoys by hunger and thirst. Even when they are fording rivers, they do not allow those dying of thirst to drink. All the nourishment they receive is a daily ration of a little meal sprinkled over their hands, which they lick off greedily, and its only effect is to protract their starvation. Opposite the German Technical School at Aleppo, in which we are engaged in teaching, a mass of about four hundred emaciated forms, the remnant of such convoys, is lying in one of the hans. There are about a hundred children (boys and girls) among them, from five to seven years old. Most of them are suffering from typhoid and dysentery. When one enters the yard, one has the impression of entering a mad-house. If one brings them food, one notices that they have forgotten how to eat. Their stomach, weakened by months of starvation, can no longer assimilate nourishment. If one gives them bread, they put it aside indifferently. They just lie there quietly, waiting for death. Amid such surroundings, how are we teachers to read German Fairy Stories with our children, or, indeed, the story of the Good Samaritan in the Bible? How are we to make them decline and conjugate irrelevant words, while round them in the yards adjoining the German Technical School their starving fellow-countrymen are slowly succumbing? Under such circumstances our educational work flies in the face of all true morality and becomes a mockery of human sympathy. And what becomes of these poor people who have been driven in thousands through Aleppo and the neighbourhood into the deserts, reduced almost entirely, by this time, to women and children? They are driven on and on from one place to another. The thousands shrink to hundreds and the hundreds to tiny remnants, and even these remnants are driven on till the last is dead. Then at last they have reached the goal of their wandering, the 'New Homes assigned to the Armenians,' as the newspapers phrase it. 'Ta'alim el aleman' ('the teaching of the Germans') is the simple Turk's explanation to every one who asks him about the originators of these measures. The educated Muslims are convinced that, even though the German nation discountenances such horrors, the German Government is taking no steps to put a stop to them, out of consideration for its Turkish Ally. Mohammedans, too, of more sensitive feelings - Turks and Arabs alike - shake their heads in disapproval and do not conceal their tears when they see a convoy of exiles marching through the city, and Turkish soldiers using cudgels upon women in advanced pregnancy and upon dying people who can no longer drag themselves along. They cannot believe that their Government has ordered these atrocities, and they hold the Germans responsible for all such outrages, Germany being considered during the war as Turkey's schoolmaster in everything. Even the mollahs in the mosques say that it was not the Sublime Porte but the German officers who ordered the ill- treatment and destruction of the Armenians. 11 The things which have been passing here for months under everybody's eyes will certainly remain as a stain on Germany's shield in the memory of Orientals. In order not to be obliged to give up their faith in the character of the Germans, which they have hitherto respected, many educated Mohammedans explain the situation to themselves as follows: 'The German nation,' they say, 'probably knows nothing about the frightful massacres which are on foot at the present time against the native Christians in all parts of Turkey. Knowing the German love of truth, how otherwise can we explain the articles we read in German newspapers, which appear to know of nothing except that individual Armenians have been deservedly shot by martial law as spies and traitors?' Others again say: 'Perhaps the German Government has had its hands tied by some treaty defining its powers, or perhaps intervention is inopportune for the moment.' I know for a fact that the Embassy at Constantinople has been informed by the German Consulates of all that has been happening. As, however, there has not been so far the least change in the system of deportation, I feel myself compelled by conscience to make my present report. At the time when I composed this report, the German Consul at Aleppo was represented by his colleague from Alexandretta - Consul Hoffmann. Consul Hoffmann informed me that the German Embassy had been advised in detail about the events in the interior in repeated reports from the Consulates at Alexandretta, Aleppo and Mosul. He told me that a report of what I had seen with my own eyes would, however, be welcome as a supplement to these official documents and as a description in detail. He said he would convey my report to the Embassy at Constantinople by a sure agency. I now worked out a report on the desired lines, giving an exact description of the state of things in the han opposite our school. Consul Hoffmann wished to add some photographs which he had taken in the han himself. The photographs displayed piles of corpses, among which children still alive were crawling about. In its revised form the report was signed by my colleague, Dr. Graeter (higher grade teacher), and by Frau Marie Spiecker, as well as by myself. The head of our institution Director Huber, also placed his name to it and added a few words in the following sense: "My colleague Dr. Niepage's report is not at all exaggerated. For weeks we have been living here in an atmosphere poisoned with sickness and the stench of corpses. Only the hope of speedy relief makes it possible for us to carry on our work." The relief did not come. I then thought of resigning my post as higher grade teacher in the Technical School, on the ground that it was senseless and morally unjustifiable to be a representative of European civilization with the task of bringing moral and intellectual education to a nation if, at the same time, one had to look on passively while the Government of the country was abandoning one's pupils' fellow-countrymen to an agonizing death by starvation. Those around me, however, as well as the head of our institution, Director Huber, dissuaded me from my intention. It was pointed out to me that there was value in our continued presence in the country, as eye-witnesses of what went on. Perhaps, it was suggested, our presence might have some effect in making the Turks behave more humanely towards their unfortunate victims, out of consideration for us Germans. I see now that I have remained far too long a silent witness of all this wickedness. 12 Our presence had no ameliorating effect whatever, and what we could do personally came to little. Frau Spiecker, our brave, energetic colleague, bought soap, and all the women and children in our neighbourhood who were still alive - there were no men left - were washed and cleansed from lice. Frau Spiecker set women to work to make soup for those who could still assimilate nourishment. I, myself, distributed two pails of tea and cheese and moistened bread among the dying children every evening for six weeks; but when the Hunger-Typhus or Spotted-Typhus spread through the city from these charnel houses, six of us succumbed to it and had to give up our relief work. Indeed, for the exiles who came to Aleppo, help was really useless. We could only afford those doomed to death a few slight alleviations of their death agony. What we saw with our own eyes here in Aleppo was really only the last scene in the great tragedy of the extermination of the Armenians. It was only a minute fraction of the horrible drama that was being played out simultaneously in all the other provinces of Turkey. Many more appalling things were reported by the engineers of the Baghdad Railway, when they came back from their work on the section under construction, or by German travellers who met the convoys of exiles on their journeys. Many of these gentlemen had seen such appalling sights that they could eat nothing for days. One of them, Herr Greif, of Aleppo, reported corpses of violated women lying about naked in heaps on the railway embankment at Tell-Abiad and Ras-el-Ain. Another, Herr Spiecker, of Aleppo, had seen Turks tie Armenian men together, fire several volleys of small shot with fowling-pieces into the human mass, and go off laughing while their victims slowly perished in frightful convulsions. Other men had their hands tied behind their back and were rolled down steep cliffs. Women were standing below, who slashed those who had rolled down with knives until they were dead. A Protestant pastor who, two years before, had given a very warm welcome to my colleague, Doctor Graeter; when he was passing through his village, had his finger nails torn out. The German Consul from Mosul related, in my presence, at the German club at Aleppo that, in many places on the road from Mosul to Aleppo, he had seen children's hands lying hacked off in such numbers that one could have paved the road with them. In the German hospital at Ourfa there was a little girl who had had both her hands hacked off. In an Arab village on the way to Aleppo Herr Holstein, the German Consul from Mosul, saw shallow graves with freshly-buried Armenian corpses. The Arabs of the village declared that they had killed these Armenians by the Government's orders. One asserted proudly that he personally had killed eight. In many Christian houses in Aleppo I found Armenian girls hidden who by some chance had escaped death; either they had been left lying exhausted and had been taken for dead when their companions had been driven on, or, in other cases, Europeans had found an opportunity to buy the poor creatures for a few marks from the last Turkish soldier who had violated them. All these girls showed symptoms of mental derangement: many of them had had to watch the Turks cut their parents' throats. I know poor things who have not had a single word coaxed out of them for months, and not a smile to this moment. A girl about fourteen years old was given shelter by Herr Krause, Depot Manager for the Baghdad Railway at Aleppo. The girl had been so many times ravished by Turkish soldiers in one night that she had completely lost her reason. 13 I saw her tossing on her pillow in delirium with burning lips, and could hardly get water down her throat. A German I know saw hundreds of Christian peasant women who were compelled, near Ourfa, to strip naked by the Turkish soldiers. For the amusement of the soldiers they had to drag themselves through the desert in this condition for days together in a temperature of 40 degrees Centigrade, until their skins were completely scorched. Another witness saw a Turk tear a child out of its Armenian mother's womb and hurl it against the wall. There are other occurrences, worse than these few examples which I give here, recorded in the numerous reports which have been sent in to the Embassy from the German Consulates at Alexandretta, Aleppo and Mosul. The Consuls are of opinion that, so far, probably about one million Armenians have perished in the massacres of the last few months. Of this number, one must reckon that at least half are women and children who have either been murdered or have succumbed to starvation. It is a duty of conscience to bring these things into publicity, and, although the Turkish Government, in destroying the Armenian nation, may only be pursuing objects of internal policy, the way this policy is being carried out has many of the characteristics of a general persecution of Christians. All the tens of thousands of girls and women who have been carried off into Turkish harems, and the masses of children who have been collected by the Government and distributed among the Turks and Kurds, are lost to Christendom, and have to accept Islam. The abusive epithet "giaour" is now heard once again by German ears. At Adana I saw a crowd of Armenian orphans marching through the streets under a guard of Turkish soldiers; their parents have been slaughtered and the children have to become Mohammedans. Everywhere there have been cases in which adult Armenians were able to save their lives by readiness to accept Islam. Sometimes, however, the Turkish officials first made the Christians present a petition to be received into the communion of Islam, and then answered very grandly, in order to throw dust in the eyes of Europeans, that religion is not a thing to play with. These officials preferred to have the petitioners killed. Men like Talaat Bey and Enver Pasha, when prominent Armenians brought them presents, often tempered their thanks with the remark that they would have been still better pleased if the Armenian givers had made their presents as Mohammedans. A newspaper reporter was told by one of these gentlemen: "Certainly we are now punishing many innocent people as well. But we have to guard ourselves even against those who may one day become guilty." On such grounds Turkish statesmen justify the wholesale slaughter of defenceless women and children. A German Catholic ecclesiastic reported that Enver Pasha declared, in the presence of Monsignore Dolci, the Papal Envoy at Constantinople, that he would not rest so long as a single Armenian remained alive. The object of the deportations is the extermination of the whole Armenian nation. This purpose is also proved by the fact that the Turkish Government declines all assistance from Missionaries, Sisters of Mercy and European residents in the country, and systematically tries to stop their work. A Swiss engineer was to have been brought before a court-martial because he had distributed bread in Anatolia to the starving Armenian women and children in a convoy of exiles. The Government has not hesitated even to deport Armenian pupils and teachers from the German schools at Adana and Aleppo, and Armenian children from the German orphanages, without regard to all the efforts of the Consuls and the heads of the institutions involved. 14 The Government also rejected the American Government's offer to take the exiles to America on American ships and at America's expense. The opinion of our German Consuls and of many foreigners resident in the country about the Armenian massacres will some day become known through their reports. I can say nothing about the verdict of the German officers in Turkey. I often noticed, when in their company, an ominous silence or a convulsive effort to change the subject when any German of warm sympathies and independent judgment began to speak about the Armenians' frightful sufferings. When Field Marshal von der Goltz was travelling to Baghdad and had to cross the Euphrates at Djerablus, there was a large encampment of half-starved Armenian exiles there. Just before the Field Marshal's arrival, so I was told at Djerablus, these unhappy people, the sick and dying with the rest, were driven under the whip several kilometres away over the nearest hills. When von der Goltz passed through, there were no traces left of the repulsive spectacle; but when I visited the place shortly afterwards with some of my colleagues, we found corpses of men, women and children still lying in out-of-the-way places, and fragments of clothes, skulls and bones which had been partly stripped of the flesh by jackals and birds of prey. The author of the present report considers it out of the question that, if the German Government is seriously determined to stem the tide of destruction even at this eleventh hour, it would find it impossible to bring the Turkish Government to reason. If the Turks are really so well inclined to us Germans as people say, cannot they have it pointed out to them how seriously they compromise us before the whole civilized world, if we, as their allies, have to look on passively while our fellow-Christians in Turkey are slaughtered in their hundreds of thousands, their women and daughters violated, their children brought up as Mohammedans? Cannot the Turks be made to understand that their barbarities are reckoned to our account, and that we Germans will be accused either of criminal complicity or of contemptible weakness, if we shut our eyes to the frightful horrors which this war has produced, and seek to pass over in silence facts which are already notorious all over the world? If the Turks are really as intelligent as is said, should it be impossible to convince them that, in exterminating the Christian nations in Turkey, they are destroying the productive factors and the intermediaries of European trade and general civilization? If the Turks are as farsighted as is said, can they blind themselves to the danger that, when the civilized States of Europe have taken cognizance of what has been happening in Turkey during the war, they may be driven to the conclusion that Turkey has forfeited the right to govern herself and has destroyed once for all any belief in her tolerance and capacity for civilization? Will not the German Government be standing for what is best in Turkey's own interest, if it hinders Turkey from ruining herself morally and economically? In this report I hope to reach the Government's ear through the accredited representatives of the German nation. When the Reichstag sits in Committee, these things must no longer be passed over, however painful they are. Nothing could put us more to shame than the erection at Constantinople of a Turco-German palace of friendship at 15 huge expense, while we are not in a position to shield our fellow Christians from barbarities unparalleled even in the bloodstained history of Turkey... Even apart from our common duty as Christians, we Germans are under a special obligation to stop the complete extermination of the half-million Armenian Christians who still survive. We are Turkey's allies and, after the elimination of the French, English and Russians, we are the only foreigners who have any say in Turkish affairs. We may indignantly refute the lies of our enemies abroad, who say that the massacres have been organized by German Consuls. We shall not be able to dissipate the Turkish nation's conviction that the Armenian massacres were ordered by Germany, unless energetic steps are at last taken by German diplomatists and officers. And even if we cleared ourselves of everything but the one reproach that our timidity and weakness in dealing with our ally had prevented us from saving half a million women and children from slaughter or death by starvation, the image of the German War would be disfigured for all time in the mirror of history by a hideous feature. It is utterly erroneous to think that the Turkish Government will refrain of its own accord even from the destruction of the women and children, unless the strongest pressure is exercised by the German Government. Only just before I left Aleppo, in May, 1916, the crowds of exiles encamped at Ras-el-din on the Baghdad Railway, estimated at 20,000 women and children, were slaughtered to the last one. Source: Source Records of the Great War, Vol. III, ed. Charles F. Horne, National Alumni 1923 16 4. Sultan Mohammed VI's Proclamation, 6 December 1918 Following the British success in capturing Jerusalem in December 1917 further progress north was effectively stalled in the face of strengthened German forces until September 1918. In part this was because troops had been hastily transferred to the Western Front in March 1918 to assist in the Allies' defence against the German Spring offensive. Thus on 18 September Sir Edmund Allenby - British regional Commander-in-Chief launched the Battle of Megiddo at Rafat. This set in trail an unbroken series of victories including those at Damascus and Beirut (the latter seized by a French fleet). It was in light of these overwhelming victories that Turkey sued for an armistice of surrender, which was duly agreed on 30 October 1918 in Mudros. British forces subsequently took possession of Constantinople on 10 November 1918. Reproduced below is the proclamation of the newly appointed Sultan Mehmed VI in which he regretted Turkish crimes against the Armenians and promised a full investigation. Sultan Mohammed VI's Proclamation of 6 December 1918 My sorrow is profound at the mistreatment of my Armenian subjects by certain political committees acting under my government. Such misdeeds and the mutual slaughter of sons of the same fatherland have broken my heart. I ordered an inquiry as soon as I came to the throne so that the fomenters might be severely punished, but various factors prevented my orders from being promptly carried out. The matter is now being thoroughly investigated. Justice will soon be done and we will never have a repetition of these ugly events. Source: Source Records of the Great War, Vol. VI, ed. Charles F. Horne, National Alumni 1923 17 5. U.S. and Turkey Thwart Armenian Genocide Bill By CARL HULSE, New York Times, Oct. 26, 2007 WASHINGTON, Oct. 25 — With backing from more than half of the House this summer, proponents of a resolution condemning the Armenian genocide were confident that they would finally prevail in their quest for Congressional recognition. Adding to their optimism, Speaker Nancy Pelosi was a longtime backer of the resolution, which had been pushed mainly by her fellow Californians, and was committed to bringing it to a House vote. But supporters of the measure were not prepared for the vehement opposition of two powerful governments — Turkey, the successor state to the Ottoman Empire, which historians say conducted the genocide, and the United States, which needs Turkey"s help in Iraq. Their combined resistance caused the resolution to falter, embarrassing the speaker on a high-profile foreign policy front. On Thursday, supporters surrendered, at least for now, telling Ms. Pelosi they were willing to wait until next year. "We believe that a large majority of our colleagues want to support a resolution recognizing the genocide on the House floor and that they will do so, provided the timing is more favorable," the four chief sponsors said in a letter to Ms. Pelosi. The faltering of the push to denounce the genocide illustrates what can happen when domestic politics collide with international affairs and how treacherous that can be for Congressional leaders like Ms. Pelosi, who came under criticism this year for a trip to Syria. It also turned a near triumph into a disappointment for those who believe Congress has a responsibility to send a message on past inhumanities to prevent future ones. "We certainly thought it would be a very tough fight, but it was a much more lopsided one than we expected," said Representative Adam B. Schiff, a California Democrat and a main sponsor of the bill. Once Democrats gained control of Congress in January, supporters of the measure mobilized, seeing a way clear to the final vote that had eluded them because of opposition first from the Clinton administration and then from the Bush White House. Ms. Pelosi as well as Representative Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland, the new majority leader, were dedicated proponents of the resolution that would put the House on record as defining the deaths of an estimated 1.5 million Armenians in 1915 as genocide. The crisis in Darfur, in Sudan, had raised public consciousness about genocide as well. "This issue had a constituency, and there was a lot of momentum due to the switch in leadership and Darfur," said Aram Hamparian, executive director of the Armenian National Committee of America. It did not hurt that Armenians are an influential bloc in California, Ms. Pelosi"s home, and that the resolution was a top priority of California House members of both parties, including Mr. Schiff and two other Democrats, Brad Sherman and Anna G. Eshoo. Ms. Eshoo is a lawmaker of Armenian heritage who is a close friend of Ms. Pelosi"s. Mr. Sherman said the speaker"s decision to pledge a vote by the full House was not about personal relationships but about principle. "You don"t have to have a special relationship with this speaker to get her to be in favor of recognizing genocide," he said. 18 While the backers of the resolution pressed ahead, the Turkish government also went to work, hiring a lobbying team to raise concerns about the potential backlash in Turkey if the resolution was approved, particularly when Turkey is a staging ground for the Iraq war. The Turkish government has resisted the characterization of a genocide, seeing the deaths as among the many tragic losses in a time of brutal conflict. But most of the lobbying against the resolution centered on the need not to antagonize Turkey at a time when it was of crucial strategic value. Among those carrying that message was Representative John P. Murtha, a Pennsylvania Democrat and a close ally of Ms. Pelosi"s, who began warning her in February against the bill. "I explained what the ramifications were from a military standpoint, but she said she felt compelled to do it," said Mr. Murtha, who welcomed Thursday"s decision. By midsummer, the advocates had 225 sponsors, more than the minimum of 218 needed to assure passage. But they refrained from pushing for a vote because Turkey was having its own national elections. Instead, they aimed for the fall. Encouraged to consider the bill, the Foreign Affairs Committee approved it on Oct. 10, but by a relatively narrow 27-to-21 vote, because lawmakers were well aware that the measure could reach the floor this year. Mr. Bush and the Turkish government intensified their opposition and within days, co-sponsors of both parties began abandoning the resolution. Ms. Pelosi said it was the responsibility of its backers to secure the needed votes. "This is the legislative process," she told reporters last week when asked about the furor. Its backers began reassessing their strategy and one result was the letter to the speaker on Thursday. Even some of Ms. Pelosi"s allies said the bill"s withdrawal, while an embarrassment, may well have averted a larger problem for her had the proposal been approved, setting off problems with Turkey. Advocates of the bill predicted that Congress would eventually regret backing off in the face of a threatened backlash from an ally. "This sets a terrible example," Mr. Hamparian said. 19 6. Telling the Truth About the Armenian Genocide We must resist Turkish pressure to distort history. By Christopher Hitchens Posted Monday, April 6, 2009, at 11:10 AM ET Even before President Barack Obama set off on his visit to Turkey this week, there were the usual voices urging him to dilute the principled position that he has so far taken on the Armenian genocide. April is the month in which the Armenian diaspora commemorates the bloody initiation, in 1915, of the Ottoman Empire's campaign to erase its Armenian population. The marking of the occasion takes two forms: Armenian Remembrance Day, on April 24, and the annual attempt to persuade Congress to name that day as one that abandons weasel wording and officially calls the episode by its right name, which is the word I used above. Genocide had not been coined in 1915, but the U.S. ambassador in Constantinople, Henry Morgenthau, employed a term that was in some ways more graphic. In his urgent reports to the State Department, conveying on-the-spot dispatches from his consuls, especially in the provinces of Van and Harput, he described the systematic slaughter of the Armenians as "race murder." A vast archive of evidence exists to support this claim. But every year, the deniers and euphemists set to work again, and there are usually enough military-industrial votes to tip the scale in favor of our Turkish client. (Of late, Turkey's opportunist military alliance with Israel has also been good for a few shame-faced Jewish votes as well.) President Obama comes to this issue with an unusually clear and unambivalent record. In 2006, for example, the U.S. ambassador to Armenia, John Evans, was recalled for employing the word genocide. Then-Sen. Obama wrote a letter of complaint to then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, deploring the State Department's cowardice and roundly stating that the occurrence of the Armenian genocide in 1915 "is not an allegation, a personal opinion, or a point of view, but rather a widely documented fact supported by an overwhelming body of historical evidence." On the campaign trail last year, he amplified this position, saying that "America deserves a leader who speaks truthfully about the Armenian genocide and responds forcefully to all genocides. I intend to be that president." For any who might entertain doubt on this score, I would recommend two recent books of exceptional interest and scholarship that both add a good deal of depth and texture to this drama. The first is Armenian Golgotha: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide, by Grigoris Balakian, and the second is Rebel Land: Travels Among Turkey's Forgotten Peoples, a contemporary account by Christopher de Bellaigue. In addition, we have just learned of shattering corroborative evidence from within the archives of the Turkish state. The Ottoman politician who began the campaign of deportation and extermination, Talat Pasha, left enormous documentation behind him. His family has now given the papers to a Turkish author named Murat Bardakci, who has published a book with the somewhat dry title The Remaining Documents of Talat Pasha. One of these "remaining documents" is a cold estimate that during the years 1915 and 1916 alone, a total of 972,000 Armenians simply vanished from the officially kept records of population. (See Sabrina Tavernise's report in the New York Times of March 8, 2009.) There are those who try to say that the Armenian catastrophe was a regrettable byproduct of the fog of war and of imperial collapse, and this might be partly true of the many more Armenians who were slaughtered at the war's end and after the implosion of Ottomanism. But this is an archive maintained by the government of the day and its chief anti-Armenian politician, and it records in the very early days of World War I a population decline from 1,256,000 to 284,157. It is very seldom that a regime in its private correspondence confirms almost to an exactitude the claims of its victims. 20 So what will the deniers say now? The usual routine has been to insinuate that if Congress votes to assert the historic truth, then Turkey will inconvenience the NATO alliance by making trouble on the Iraqi border, denying the use of bases to the U.S. Air Force, or in other unspecified ways. This same kind of unchecked arrogance was on view at the NATO summit last weekend, where the Ankara government had the nerve to try to hold up the appointment of a serious Danish politician, Anders Rasmussen, as the next secretary-general of the alliance, on the grounds that as Denmark's prime minister he had refused to censor Danish newspapers to Muslim satisfaction! It is now being hinted that if either President Obama or the Congress goes ahead with the endorsement of the genocide resolution, Turkey will prove uncooperative on a range of issues, including the normalization of the frontier between Turkey and Armenia and the transit of oil and gas pipelines across the Caucasus. When the question is phrased in this thuggish way, it can be slyly suggested that Armenia's own best interests are served by joining in the agreement to muddy and distort its own history. Yet how could any state, or any people, agree to abolish their pride and dignity in this way? And the question is not only for Armenians, who are economically hard-pressed by the Turkish closure of the common border. It is for the Turks, whose bravest cultural spokesmen and writers take genuine risks to break the taboo on discussion of the Armenian question. And it is also for Americans, who, having elected a supposedly brave new president, are being told that he—and our Congress too—must agree to collude in a gigantic historical lie. A lie, furthermore, that courageous U.S. diplomacy helped to expose in the first place. This falsification has already gone on long enough and has been justified for reasons of state. It is, among other things, precisely "for reasons of state," in other words for the clear and vital announcement that we can't be bought or intimidated, that April 24, 2009, should become remembered as the date when we affirmed the truth and accepted, as truth-telling does, all the consequences. Christopher Hitchens is a columnist for Vanity Fair and the Roger S. Mertz media fellow at the Hoover Institution. Article URL: http://www.slate.com/id/2215445/ 21 7. Memo From Istanbul: Nearly a Million Genocide Victims, Covered in a Cloak of Amnesia By SABRINA TAVERNISE, New York Times: March 9, 2009 ISTANBUL — For Turkey, the number should have been a bombshell. According to a long-hidden document that belonged to the interior minister of the Ottoman Empire, 972,000 Ottoman Armenians disappeared from official population records from 1915 through 1916. In Turkey, any discussion of what happened to the Ottoman Armenians can bring a storm of public outrage. But since its publication in a book in January, the number — and its Ottoman source — has gone virtually unmentioned. Newspapers hardly wrote about it. Television shows have not discussed it. "Nothing," said Murat Bardakci, the Turkish author and columnist who compiled the book. The silence can mean only one thing, he said: "My numbers are too high for ordinary people. Maybe people aren"t ready to talk about it yet." For generations, most Turks knew nothing of the details of the Armenian genocide of 1915 to 1918, when more than a million Armenians were killed as the Ottoman Turk government purged the population. Turkey locked the ugliest parts of its past out of sight, Soviet-style, keeping any mention of the events out of schoolbooks and official narratives in an aggressive campaign of forgetting. But in the past 10 years, as civil society has flourished here, some parts of Turkish society are now openly questioning the state"s version of events. In December, a group of intellectuals circulated a petition that apologized for the denial of the massacres. Some 29,000 people have signed it. With his book, "The Remaining Documents of Talat Pasha," Mr. Bardakci (pronounced bard-AK-chuh) has become, rather unwillingly, part of this ferment. The book is a collection of documents and records that once belonged to Mehmed Talat, known as Talat Pasha, the primary architect of the Armenian deportations. The documents, given to Mr. Bardakci by Mr. Talat"s widow, Hayriye, before she died in 1983, include lists of population figures. Before 1915, 1,256,000 Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire, according to the documents. The number plunged to 284,157 two years later, Mr. Bardakci said. To the untrained ear, it is simply a sad statistic. But anyone familiar with the issue knows the numbers are in fierce dispute. Turkey has never acknowledged a specific number of deportees or deaths. On Sunday, Turkey"s foreign minister warned that President Obama might set back relations if he recognized the massacre of Armenians as genocide before his visit to Turkey next month. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire was bloody, the Turkish argument goes, and those who died were victims of that chaos. Mr. Bardakci subscribes to that view. The figures, he said, do not indicate the number of dead, only a result of the decline in the Armenian population after deportation. He strongly disagrees that the massacres amounted to a genocide, and he says Turkey was obliged to take action against Armenians because they were openly supporting Russia in its war against the Ottoman Empire. 22 "It was not a Nazi policy or a Holocaust," he said. "These were very dark times. It was a very difficult decision. But deportation was the outcome of some very bloody events. It was necessary for the government to deport the Armenian population." This argument is rejected by most scholars, who believe that the small number of Armenian rebels were not a serious threat to the Ottoman Empire, and that the policy was more the product of the perception that the Armenians, non-Muslims and therefore considered untrustworthy, were a problem population. Hilmar Kaiser, a historian and expert on the Armenian genocide, said the records published in the book were conclusive proof from the Ottoman authority itself that it had pursued a calculated policy to eliminate the Armenians. "You have suddenly on one page confirmation of the numbers," he said. "It was like someone hit you over the head with a club." Mr. Kaiser said the before and after figures amounted to "a death record." "There is no other way of viewing this document," he said. "You can"t just hide a million people." Other scholars said that the number was a useful addition to the historical record, but that it did not introduce a new version of events. "This corroborates what we already knew," said Donald Bloxham, the author of "The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians." Mr. Bardakci is a history buff who learned to read and write Ottoman script from his grandmother, allowing him to navigate Turkey"s written past, something that most Turks are unable to do. He plays the tanbur, a traditional string instrument. His grandfather was a member of the same political party of Mr. Talat, and his family knew many of the important political figures in Turkey"s founding. "We had a huge library at home," he said. "They were always talking about history and the past." Though he clearly wanted the numbers to be known, he stubbornly refuses to interpret them. He offers no analysis in the book, and aside from an interview with Mr. Talat"s widow, there is virtually no text beside the original documents. "I didn"t want to interpret," he said. "I want the reader to decide." The best way to do that, he argues, is by using cold, hard facts, which can cut through the layers of emotional rhetoric that have clouded the issue for years. "I believe we need documents in Turkey," he said. "This is the most important." But some of the keenest observers of Turkish society said the silence was a sign of just how taboo the topic still was. "The importance of the book is obvious from the fact that no paper except Milliyet has written a single line about it," wrote Murat Belge, a Turkish academic, in a January column in the liberal daily newspaper Taraf. Still, it is a measure of Turkey"s democratic maturity that the book was published here at all. Mr. Bardakci said he had held the documents for so long — 27 years — because he was waiting for Turkey to reach the point when their publication would not cause a frenzy. Even the state now feels the need to defend itself. Last summer, a propaganda film about the Armenians made by Turkey"s military was distributed to primary schools. After a public outcry, it was stopped. "I could never have published this book 10 years ago," Mr. Bardakci said. "I would have been called a traitor." He added, "The mentality has changed." Sebnem Arsu contributed reporting. 23 8. Inside the Turkish Psyche: Traumatic Issues Trouble a Nation's Sense of Its Identity By SABRINA TAVERNISE and SEBNEM ARSU, New York Times, Oct. 12, 2007 BAGHDAD, Oct. 11 — To an outsider, the Turkish position on the issue of the Armenian genocide might seem confusing. If most of the rest of world argues that the Ottoman government tried to exterminate its Armenian population, why does Turkey disagree? The answer is hidden deep inside the Turkish psyche, and to a large extent, printed on the pages of Turkish history books. But with the changes to promote democracy in Turkey in recent years, opinions are slowly changing. Turkey began as a nation just 84 years ago, assembled from the remains of the Ottoman Empire. Western powers were poised to divide it. The Treaty of Sèvres spelled that out in 1920. It was never ratified, but the intent remains deeply embedded on the minds of Turks, many of whom fear a repeat of that trauma. To protect against encroaching powers, and to accomplish the Herculean task of forging a new state, Turkey"s founders, led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, set ethnic and religious textures aside to create a new identity — the Turkish citizen. The identity was needed to become something new but eclipsed the region"s cultural richness. "In many ways, Turkey today is comprised of the remnants of the Ottomans," said Ali Bayramoglu, a writer in Istanbul. "It hasn"t become a real society yet. It is not at peace with the diversity it has inherited from the Ottoman era." "The identity of a Turk was very much an engineered one in order to form a unified nation," he added. That identity was built on a painful foundation. Beyond the Armenian genocide, in which 1.5 million Armenians in eastern Turkey were killed, there were mass deportations of Greeks and executions of Islamic leaders and Kurdish nationalists. "The Turkish state and society both have traumatic pasts, and it"s not easy to face them," said Ferhat Kentel, a sociologist at Bilgi University in Istanbul. Mr. Kentel compared Turkey"s beginnings to a tenant who realizes that the house he has just rented is not new, but instead "has all kinds of rubbish and dirt underneath." "Would you shout it out loud at the risk of being shamed by your neighbors," he asked "or try to hide it and deal with it as you keep living in your only home?" The highly centralized Turkish state has chosen the latter. To do anything else would be to invite divisions and embolden independence-minded minorities, the thinking went. Textbooks talk little about the events that began in 1915, and they emphasize defensive action taken against Armenian rebels sympathetic to Russia, Turkey"s enemy at that time. "The word "genocide," as cold as it is, causes a deep reaction in the Turkish society," Mr. Kentel said. "Having been taught about its glorious and spotless past by the state rhetoric for decades, people feel that they could not have possibly done such a terrible thing." 24 Fethiye Cetin, a lawyer and the author of a book about her family"s history, said it was not until she was 25 that she learned that her grandmother was an Armenian adopted by a Muslim family after being separated from her parents in 1915. "We grew up, knowing nothing about our past," said Ms. Cetin, who now helps represent the family of Hrant Dink, a Turkish newspaper editor of Armenian descent who was shot dead in January, at the trial of the teenager and suspected accomplices accused of the killing. "It was not talked about in the family environment," Ms. Cetin said. "It was not taught at schools and one day came when we suddenly faced facts telling that there has been an Armenian genocide on this land." But while the Turkish state has kept this history closed, a growing number of intellectuals and writers are working hard to open it. Changes carried out by the Turkish government to enter the European Union have also helped open debate in society. A further step was taken by the current government this year when it called for a joint international commission to review the events, including opening up long-closed state archives. Mr. Kentel participated in a conference this year on the subject that caused much tension and debate but brought the topic into the public realm. The event drew a few noisy protesters but the broader reaction was muted. In a sign of just how far the Turkish state still has to go, in Istanbul on Thursday, a court convicted Mr. Dink"s son, now the editor of the newspaper Agos, and the paper"s publisher on charges of insulting Turkish identity for reprinting Hrant Dink"s comments about the genocide. Their sentences were suspended. Measures like the genocide bill in the United States Congress serve only to complicate the work of those trying to open society, Ms. Cetin and Mr. Kentel said. It was not an honest attempt to heal, as lawmakers who supported it argued, they said, but a political statement issued to prove a point, which creates a highly charged, unfriendly atmosphere. Bills on the Armenian genocide in foreign countries "make it even more difficult for people to simply talk," Mr. Kentel said. Ms. Cetin"s book, "My Grandmother," was widely read, she said, because it appealed as an intimate human story, not a political statement. "Every change comes with its pain, and that"s what we"re going through right now," she said. Sabrina Tavernise reported from Baghdad, and Sebnem Arsu from Istanbul. 25
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20. Derek Cox: Has the potential to make Tom Telesco look brilliant or like he was duped. Injury history cannot become injury present (but it usually does).
21. Shareece Wright: Has potential to be almost as dangerous to other teams as he has been to his own team in practice.
22. Mike Scifres: On a team that will require precision special teams, a punter who puts it inside the 20 more frequently than any other is crucial.
23. Kendall Reyes: Strong finish to '12 merits belief that he can be cornerstone with Liuget for years to come.
24. Jarret Johnson: More than a tough guy, but that's what has him this high.
25. Bront Bird: At least at season's start, he's important filling in for Te'o.
26. Marcus Gilchrist: Whether at safety or nickel, he has to be steady.
27. Richard Marshall: Needs to be close to the presence he was most of the last six seasons.
28. Keenan Allen: What he does as receiver this year is a bonus. Just don't drop punts, kid.
29. Eddie Royal: A talented tease or finally healthy?
30. Mike Windt: We shall never forget how important the long snapper is.
31-34. Kwame Geathers, Sean Lissemore, Jarius Wynn and Drake Nevis: Rotation on defensive line is more important than most realize.
35. Larry English: If he becomes who A.J. Smith thought he was, English will be due some apologies.
36. Seyi Ajirotutu: You want to put the No. 5 wideout lower, but Rivers trusts this kid.
37. Reggie Walker: He's here for special teams, which is enough. But he could end up playing a big role in the defense's middle.
38. Ladarius Green: If Rivers can find him like backup QBs did in the preseason, he'll be a trendy fantasy pickup.
39. Brandon Taylor: Was ready to be starting strong safety last season. Don't know what to expect in first year back from ACL tear.
40. Fozzy Whittaker: No offense, but you hope he makes his name as a kick returner and not as a guy filling in for Mathews.
41. Terrell Manning: He's here because depth needed at inside linebacker and help on special teams.
42. Darrell Stuckey: A special-teamer. A really good one.
43. Andrew Gachkar: Ditto.
44. Le'Ron McClain: I'm not even sure how fullback fits into this offense.
45. Tourek Williams: Developing, which is not a good thing for Chargers at present.
46. Johnny Patrick: Two concussions in August make him tenuous.
47. Jahleel Addae: A lot yet to learn but has potential and physicality.
48. Rich Ohrnberger: Given that Chargers have used 20 different starting offensive linemen the last three years, he'll probably be starting by November.
49. Ronnie Brown: If Woodhead, Mathews stay healthy, Brown is a nice luxury.
50. Johnnie Troutman: Doing rookie year over.
51. Mike Harris: Give the kid credit. You didn't think he'd make it. Improved, but you don't want him playing this year.
52. Charlie Whitehurst: You certainly hope the backup QB isn't more important than this.
53. Brad Sorensen: Should probably be 52, in that he's running the scout team during the week.


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Donations for the Silent Auction have begun to roll in and we would
like to tell you about some of them. We will have: Four months of Homemade Cheesecake with local, seasonal ingredients; a Home-cooked Seasonal Feast, starting with a shopping trip to the Market; Wine-tasting and Appetizers for you and your friends at the Vineyard; a Framed Photo; Music CDs; and some items to help you live more Sustainably. PLUS, Three Mystery Baskets where luck may be as important in the winning as your bidding skills.
Donations continue to come in and you can learn all the details and bid on your favorites at our Taste of Spring Wine-Tasting Party on Saturday, April 18 at the Hopewell Valley Vineyard. Festivities begin at 7pm. We will sample some wine, guided by the Vineyard's own Violetta Neri, have a little dessert and coffee, and – of course – bid on Silent Auction items.
Tickets are only $35 per person and purchasing them in advance is a MUST. Click here and make your reservation now!
And thanks for supporting the Pennington Farmers Market.


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The Amazon Prime Pantry!
The Amazon Prime Pantry!
For more than a year, Amazon has taken steps toward attracting grocery shoppers by offering some of the best discounts we've ever seen on everything from bathroom tissue to healthy snacks for the kids. They have done this with a combination of "Clippable Coupons" you click under the item picture combine with their popular Subscribe and Save service which discounts your purchase by 5%, and more importantly free shipping regardless of how much you spend.
To give you an idea just how big these combined discounts can be, here are just a few of our favorite Amazon grocery deals from the past week or so:
1.) 24 Rolls of Scott Towel Mega Roll Paper Towels $18.69 after coupon and S&S Service.
2.) Rogaine for Men Hair Regrowth Treatment Easy-to-Use Foam for $27.99 after $10 off coupon and S&S Service.
3.) 12-Pack Chicken of the Sea Premium Wild-Caught Pink Salmon, Skinless and Boneless for $10.74 with S&S Service.
4.) Huggies Simply Clean Fragrance Free Baby Wipes Refill (648 Count) for $10.37
5.) Scott Extra Soft Double Roll Tissue (9 Count, Pack of 4) for $14.65 after coupon and S&S Service.
The biggest advantage of the Subscribe and Save Service is that while you are signing up for a monthly delivery of a product, you can cancel delivery immediately after your first order ships. This means that you get the 5% discount (though we have seen bigger discounts on select items) and free shipping even if you only order the item one time. If you sign up for the Amazon Mom program, your discount is frequently 20% off on baby items in addition to any coupon which may be available.
Furthering their reputation as "the everything store" even more, Amazon now introduces the Amazon Pantry.
The design of this new program allows Amazon Prime members to receive up to 45 pounds of grocery products for just $6. But don't think you have to calculate the weight yourself. All you do is sign in to your Prime account and head to the "Pantry." From there you click on "Start Filling Your Prime Grocery Box" to do just that. As you add items, an icon will appear and tell you what percentage of your box has been filled. An informative video is currently available at the Pantry to help you get started.
As we find combined discounts, we'll post the best of them on our site. Of course, Every day, you'll find all the best deals from Amazon and around the web at Crazytowndeals.com.
Amazon Pantry!! (Hot Link!)


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I am a cook who loves to write. And I am a writer who loves to cook.
Okay what is the thing in front of the feet? I know pig's feet jelly, but what do you make with ears and, especially, noses?
It's jambonneau, or pork knuckle end of a ham/pork leg, which makes a nice small ham. The knuckle can also be served without being preserved like a ham. Side dishes include sauerkraut. Les museaux, or the snouts/muzzles/noses, are prepared like head cheese, among other things. One preparation for pork ears has them boiled and then fried like bacon, to be added to salads with a strong vinaigrette for seasoning.
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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 2.
Multipotentiality of ReNcell CX using standard differentiation assay showing neuronal, astrocytic and oligodendrocyte progeny upregulated in the differentiation state. A-H) Representative images of control and differentiated cells showing βIII-tubulin in green (A, B); GFAP in red (C, D); O1 (E, F) and Gal C in green (G, H) with Hoechst nuclear counterstain in blue. Arrows highlight spontaneous differentiated cells in the control-undifferentiated cultures. Scale bar 100 μm for all images. Similar labelling was observed in ReNcell VM (data not shown).
Donato et al. BMC Neuroscience 2007 8:36 doi:10.1186/1471-2202-8-36


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Flan-flinging contest will have international flavour
A high-profile Japanese team are to fly in to Maidstone to take part in this year's World Custard Pie Championships.
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A high-profile Japanese team are to fly in to Maidstone to take part in this year's World Custard Pie Championships.
Police recovered an imitation firearm and made two arrests after an incident in Paddock Wood last night.
The annual open-air Proms in the Park event in Maidstone brought thousands to Whatman Park for music and merriment.
Dunkirk veteran John Port remembers the dark days on the beaches of France.
Maidstone council's new Mayor, a 'man of the people,' is welcomed in as the town's council also votes in a new leader.
Click here to see what is in your Kent Messenger editions this week...
Local information and services
Maidstone United have signed former West Ham defender Callum Driver - who finished last season at Dartford.
Kent Spitfires recorded a superb five-wicket win at Hampshire in NatWest T20 Blast South Group after a thrilling run-chase on Friday night.
Nicola Naylor, who trains at the Fiddlers Green Stud in Headcorn, is enjoying huge success in the dressage ring.
Gills' Luke Norris wants fellow striker John Marquis back at Priestfield, even if it makes his own life harder.
Welcome to the Kent Messenger home page. Read all the latest news in Maidstone, what's on, local businesses and sport in Maidstone, Tunbridge Wells, Tonbridge, Paddock Wood and West Malling, from the Kent Messenger team.
The journalists from the Kent Messenger provide regular news updates throughout the day, alongside all the latest Kent news and sport from the rest of the KentOnline network from the KM Media Group.


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Arizona Cardinals
Report: Cardinals negotiating with Keim for GM spot
Lost somewhat in the shuffle of the Arizona Cardinals' search for a head coach is the fact that the team is also looking for a general manager.
Rod Graves, who had been with the organization since 1997, was fired the same day as former head coach Ken Whisenhunt.
Last week, the team met with Morocco Brown, the director of player personnel for the Washington Redskins about the post, but other than that, the rumor mill has been pretty stagnant.
Tuesday morning, Albert Breer of NFL Network reported that the Cardinals appear to be zeroing in on an in-house candidate.
Arizona VP of player personnel Steve Keim has entered into negotiations to become the Cardinals' next GM. Also a finalist in Jacksonville.— Albert Breer (@AlbertBreer) January 8, 2013
Keim, Arizona's vice president of player personnel, has been with the organization since 1999 and, as Breer mentions, is a candidate for other general manager openings around the league. In fact, Breer reported Monday that Keim, along with Atlanta Falcons director of player personnel David Caldwell were the favorites for Jacksonville's GM job.
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Cardinals Audio
- Jared Veldheer, Cardinals offensive tackle - Wednesday May 27Jared Veldheer believes the Cardinals offensive line has improved greatly.
- Justin Bethel, Cardinals defensive back - Wednesday May 27Justin Bethel discusses the big important year ahead of him.
- Rodney Gunter, Cardinals defensive lineman - Tuesday May 26Rodney Gunter has been a "sleeper" player since high school.
- Tyrann Mathieu, Cardinals safety - Tuesday May 26Tyrann Mathieu says he is feeling healthy and discusses the mentality of the defense.
- Bickley Blast - Tuesday May 26Ray McDonald's violent tendencies emerge yet again.


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Can I use this with Macbook Air?
- Asked by Edward E from Austin
Adobe® Dreamweaver® CS6
Product No Longer Available
1 Answer from the Community
Yes. I see no reason why you couldn't. The Macbook Air has less RAM but faster hard drive which is like RAM, in a sense. (virtual memory is instantaneous.)
You should be able to test this at any apple store, as they load Adobe software on all the machines.
- Answered by Sam K from Madison


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The Rwanda Stock Exchange share index (RSI) went down 0.26 points to close at 233.94 and mainly caused by the falling Bank of Kigali {BoK} share price which closed at Rwf 245.
The market recorded 10,100 BoK shares and 156,100 Bralirwa shares valued at Rwf 134,218,600 in six deals compared to the previous trading session which recorded a total turnover of Rwf 29,443,700 from 80,400 BoK shares and 11,600 Bralirwa shares traded in seven deals.
BoK shares traded and closed at Rwf 245, translating into a decline of Rwf 1 compared to yesterday's closing price whereas Bralirwa counter traded between Rwf 840-845 and closed at Rwf 845, unchanged from yesterday's closing price.
KCB shares last transacted at Rwf 185 while NMG and Uchumi Supermarket shares last transacted at Rwf 1,200 and Rwf 175 respectively.
At the end of formal trading hours, there were outstanding offers of 226,700 BoK shares between Rwf 249-250 and outstanding bids of 7,383,500 shares between Rwf 234-246. On Bralirwa counter, there were outstanding offers of 43,800 shares between Rwf 845-890 and outstanding bids of 48,600 shares between Rwf 830-840.
On KCB counter; there were outstanding bids of 12,400 shares between Rwf 175-180 and no outstanding offers. On NMG counter; there was an outstanding bid of 1,000 shares at Rwf 1,200 and no outstanding offers. On USL counter; there was an outstanding offer of 1,000 shares at Rwf 175 and no outstanding bids.


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Peach Pineapple Custard Pie
|1 (For Single Crust Pie)
|Peach pie filling
|21 Ounce (1 Can)
|Canned crushed pineapple
|8 1⁄4 Ounce, drained (1 Can)
|Dairy sour cream
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Cream cheese
|3 Ounce, softened (1 Package)
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
Using your favorite recipe prepare pastry and roll it out.
Line a 9-inch pie plate.
Trim pastry to 1/2 inch beyond edge of pie plate.
Flute edge; do not prick pastry.
Bake in 450° oven for 5 minutes.
Cool thoroughly on rack.
For filling, in mixing bowl combine pie filling and crushed pineapple; turn into the partially baked pastry shell.
In mixer bowl with electric mixer or rotary beater, beat together sour cream and cream cheese; add eggs and sugar, beating mixture till smooth.
Place pie shell on oven rack; pour sour cream-egg mixture over peach-pineapple layer.
To prevent overbrowning, cover edge of pie with foil.
Bake in 375° oven for 15 minutes.
Remove foil; bake for 15 to 20 minutes more or till crust is golden and filling is set.
Cool on rack.
Cover; chill to store.