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text:
VBS 2014 reports have been arriving in my office by the thousands. If quantity of mail is any indication I must have the most popular address on the 7th floor. Of course the envelopes are actually addressed to the VBS Report Desk - which you might find humorous to learn is nothing more than a FAX machine sitting on a small metal foot stool in a corner of my office. So actually it is the Report Desk that holds title to the most popular address. If you have not already done so, it is time to file ... Continue Reading
VBS 2014 Director's Evaluation
You've finished your week of VBS, the decorations are down and stored, the rooms have been cleaned... it's time to breathe a sigh of relief, right? Well, not exactly. There's one more tiny little thing we would like to ask you to do. I promise it won't take that long and the information you share is invaluable to our team at LifeWay. We would like you to fill out the Director's Evaluation found in the Administrative Guide and mail it in. Or if you would rather you can click here and submit it ... Continue Reading
How Are You Connecting with Parents?
Church leaders attending VBS Previews in January and February were challenged to make Connection Groups part of their VBS planning. A Connection Group is a Sunday School/small group class designed specifically for the unchurched parents identified during VBS, and scheduled to begin the first Sunday after VBS. I have heard some great stories from churches who took the challenge. Now weeks after VBS these churches continue to connect with parents and families who might have otherwise been ... Continue Reading
5 Ways to Stay Connected with Preschool Families from VBS
by Klista Storts Connecting with new families is one of the main reasons for conducting Vacation Bible School in your community. If it's not, you might need to take a closer look at why you're doing it! And because we most often target elementary aged kids with VBS, you might be overlooking an important group that needs your connection – families with preschoolers. Here are five ways to consider how you can reach those families and keep them connected to your church. Pair up the child's ... Continue Reading
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subset: commoncrawl


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William G. Bryant
82, of Indianapolis, passed away surrounded by loved ones on Saturday, May 11, 2013 after a 2 ½ year battle with PSP - Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. He was born on August 31, 1930 in Indianapolis to Raymond and Pauline (Beck) Bryant. William is a 1948 graduate of Tech High School and served his country in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1951 to 1953. He earned a degree in Civil Engineering from Purdue University and spent his entire career at Boyd E. Phelps. William married the love of his life, Beatrice L. Merrick on December 28, 1952; she survives him. He is also survived by his daughters, Carol (Emory) Schlake and Gloria (Robert Michealree) Bryant; grandsons, Matthew and Joshua Schlake. William was preceded in death by his parents; and sister, Evelyn Brown. The entire Bryant family offers special thanks to the caregivers of Home Instead and Dr. Michael S. LaRosa. Visitation for Mr. Bryant will be held at Flanner and Buchanan - Speedway on Wednesday, May 15, 2013 from 4 p.m. until 8 p.m. Funeral services will be Thursday morning at 10 a.m., also in the funeral home. Burial with military honors will take place in Washington Park East Cemetery. Memorial contributions may be given to the
The My Memorials Facebook app allows you to:


text:
Passwords Plus - Free Vault
50,000 - 100,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By DataViz, Inc.
The new Passwords Plus 3.0 features free editing and creating of up to 25 passwords for up to 60 days for new users. Version 3.0 also has a new installation wizard that guides you through entering and saving passwords with 'password suggestions' that make it easier to get started (especially for all of the new passwords you'll likely need to create due to the recent "Heartbleed" internet security bug and other, internet security breaches!).
Note: After 60 days, your passwords will be view-only and you will be without backup/restore options and the ability to auto-sync passwords between devices.
You have the option to purchase at any point during your trial. The purchased version includes: unlimited passwords, data backup, syncing between devices where Passwords Plus is owned, and removal of in-app advertising.
To purchase, just go to the menu in Passwords Plus on your device and tap 'Store' to follow the in-app purchase steps.
Current license owners: If you have already purchased, your current features will remain intact with your v3 update and you will have ad removal in place for 1 year.
Why Passwords Plus?
1. Keep your private info "in sync" across all of your devices thanks to our secure cloud storage and SamePage™ technology. Changes made on your Android device will automatically appear wherever Passwords Plus 3.0 or 2.0 is installed (Windows, Mac and/or iOS).
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• Responsive sales and support teams in-house!
*Note: Passwords Plus is not just for Android… Windows and Mac desktop/laptop versions are available for purchase from DataViz and the Mac App Store respectively. More info: http://www.dataviz.com/BuyPWPapps
Passwords Plus for the iPad/iPhone is available on the App Store.
Tags: passwords plus, 2004 passwords plus windows to, password plus how to use.
Version 3.001 (build 356)
- Minor enhancements
Version 3.000 (build 354)
- Free editing & creating of up to 25 passwords for up to 60 days for new users
- Installation wizard with 'password suggestions'
- Password suggestions toolbar with dozens of samples
Version 2.005 (build 326)
- Various bug fixes & enhancements
Version 2.004 (build 317)
- Various bug fixes
Version 2.003 (build 284)
- Now optimized for Tablets
- Various bug fixes
(66 stars)
(66 stars)
Update search feature works on nexus 7 2nd gen. Needs a search feature to find your items. Works well sync to desk top
(66 stars)
Mast hai yar
(66 stars)
I have a number of password programs and this is my favorite!
(66 stars)
Not to forget passwords of any sorts .
(66 stars)
Lil HATCH. Is his godfather ask the souls in heaven. I just like it fbf make DVD d'en
(66 stars)
Works well on desktop. Not at all satisfactory on s4.


text:
While your saved lists are no longer available, we promise it will be worth the wait!
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Forego the boiling – grill corn-on-the-cob for tender sweet corn. Sprinkle with Lawry's® Fire Roasted Chile & Garlic Blend to add some heat.
8 ears fresh corn, husks and silk strands removed
1/2 cup (1 stick) butter, softened
1 1/2 teaspoons Lawry's® Fire Roasted Chile & Garlic Blend
Lime wedges
Grill corn over medium-high heat 10 minutes or until tender and lightly charred, turning occasionally.
Spread corn with butter. Sprinkle with Seasoning. Squeeze lime juice over corn. Serve immediately.
(Amount per serving)


text:
We know that Peter Andre has some pretty showbiz mates, but his new found pal in America has surprised even us.
Peter Andre has been hanging out with Chris Brown. Copyright [Peter Andre/Twitter]
Peter Andre is over in America recording his new album, and in between sessions in the studio, he's taken to hanging out with Chris Brown.
[Related article: Cheryl Cole says people should forgive Chris Brown]
[Related article: Peter Andre launches fake tan]
Peter took to Twitter to post a photo of the pair in the recording studio, all big grins and arms around each other like proper BFFs.
Peter Andre tweeted the snap along with the caption: "Had another awesome day recording in Record Plant studios in LA . Great hanging out with Chris Brown."
Peter Andre is hanging out with Chris Brown as he records his new album in the US. Copyright [Peter Andre/Twit …And is it just us, or does Chris Brown look especially pleased to be hanging out with Peter Andre? Maybe he was a fan back in the day and had one of the Peter Andre dolls? Or maybe not.
Chris Brown seems to be winning over a few of our British celebs.
Cheryl Cole has also revealed herself as a fan of Chris Brown. Copyright [WENN]Not only has he made friends with Peter Andre, but he's also won support from Cheryl Cole who has aid the public should forgive him for the Rihanna incident which occurred three years ago.
Chris Brown then thanked Cheryl for her support via Twitter. Who'll be next to get friendly with Chris?!


text:
SQL-Transact SQL (T-SQL)
T-SQL (Transact-SQL) is a set of programming extensions from Sybase and Microsoft that add several features to the Structured Query Language (SQL) including transaction control, exception and error handling, row processing, and declared variables.. See complete definition.
SQL-Transact SQL (T-SQL) News
May 13, 2005
Step 3: Consider using implicit transactions
Get up to speed on server-level options to add another layer of integrity protection.
SQL-Transact SQL (T-SQL) Get Started
Bring yourself up to speed with our introductory content
SQL CONSTRAINT clauses: FOREIGN KEY, CHECK and DEFAULT
In SQL Server, SQL CONSTRAINT clauses let you control values entered into a column. Learn about FOREIGN KEY, CHECK and DEFAULT constraints here. Continue Reading
How to create a SQL inner join and outer join: Basics to get started
When you're querying a SQL Server database and want to pull related data from more than one table, you'll need to create a join, and here's how. Continue Reading
Top 10 SQL Server development questions
Development in SQL Server can put you in a crunch and seeking for a quick solution. We've compiled a Top 10 list of your frequently asked questions when it comes to SQL Server development. In this quick reference you'll get solutions to combat ... Continue Reading
Evaluate SQL-Transact SQL (T-SQL) Vendors & Products
Weigh the pros and cons of technologies, products and projects you are considering.
How to improve OLTP with SQL Server 2014 In-Memory
Basit Farooq explains how to improve the performance of OLTP applications using SQL Server 2014 In-Memory. He details what makes SQL Server 2014 In-Memory different from other in-memory database engines and how to use that to your advantage. Continue Reading
Digging deeper with T-SQL system functions and language tools
Learn how system functions can be used in T-SQL to view general session and system information along with other types of data in Microsoft SQL Server. Continue Reading
Top 10 SQL Server development tips of 2008
Here are the top 10 most viewed SQL Server development tips of 2008. From converting date/time values into character types, working with DATETIME and SMALLDATETIME in SQL Server 2005, using a stored procedure to find the size of SQL Server tables ... Continue Reading
Product ReviewsPowered by IT Central Station
TAM gave us product advice that was able to save a department of 300 people roughly 4 hours a night.Powered by IT Central Station
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SQL PIVOT helps merge results into a single row
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text:
Hawkes, 'The Sessions' defy limits, celebrate heart
The 38-year-old polio victim confined for most of his life to an iron lung portrayed in "The Sessions" is paralyzed, but his sexual machinery works fine. So does his heart.
Both come into play in a film, inspired by the life of the late poet-journalist Mark O'Brien, that celebrates the relationship between physical and emotional intimacy. »Read Full Article
Actor John C. Reilly brings character to concert at Miller Caves
The Miller Caves, underneath the brewery that not only made Milwaukee famous but also helped define the city itself, apparently never seemed, until Sunday night, like a place to hold a concert.
In retrospect, after the very first such event courtesy of John C. Reilly and Friends, the historic location was a small club waiting to happen: The painted backdrop of cavorting (presumably) Germans had retro style, as did the overhead lamps and the high-arched ceiling. »Read Full Article(4)
What does strange press release from 'Mad Men' mean?
Two minutes after the end of Sunday's "Mad Men" episode - filled with personal drama, some of it involving, Pete, Bob, Ted and Peggy - AMC, I presume sent out this press release.
With Peggy listed as the contact, it is presumably the press release Peggy was told to prepare a few weeks ago on the show, announcing the new name of the merged advertising agency. »Read Full Blog Post(3)
Central Bark Fido Fest unleashes the fun
A fine time for canines
This may be the warmest and fuzziest festival of all. »Read Full Article
Museum fundraiser; 'Fondy Soulbration' market; 'Walk, Run and Wag' 5K
Take a seat
Milwaukee's historic house museums are offering patrons a seat at their annual fundraising event Wednesday. And, afterward — guests can take the chairs with them. The Villa Terrace Decorative Arts Museum and the Charles Allis Art Museum have been blessed with chairs — or artistic riffs on chairs — created by local artists for this auction at 6 p.m. at the Villa Terrace. The seats range from an old easy chair dressed as a cozy grandmother to a pew made from doors to a partial-chair that's now totally sculptural. Other seats for auction are ones at theatrical productions, sporting events or a table in a local fine dining establishment. The evening also features live music, hors d'oeuvres and a cash bar. Tickets are $25. Making a reservation would be appreciated and can be done by calling Ann Steinbach at (414) 278-8295 Ext. 5, but it isn't mandatory. Visit www.charlesallis.org/cavtgalleryofchairs.html »Read Full Article


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By editor
Originally published on Wed December 3, 2014 6:01 am
Fraternities and sororities get a bad wrap for wild parties, hazing and binge drinking, but a new survey finds that those who pledge in college have the last laugh — or at least more laughs than others.
A survey of more than 30,000 university graduates found that for students who belonged to fraternities and sororities, life after college is happier and they tend to be more successful.
The Wall Street Journal's Jason Bellini discusses the first-of-its-kind survey by The Gallup-Purdue index with Here & Now's Jeremy Hobson.
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Pune: The World Health Organization(WHO) this year has identified vector-borne diseases as its theme to observe World Health Day on April 7.
Taking note of the ascending figures in cases related to vector-borne diseases in Pune, city's medical experts said that it is hight time, appropriate steps are taken to prevent these diseases.
On being asked for the surge observed in vector-borne cases in the city, Dr Dileep Sarda, state president of Indian Medical Association(IMA), said, "Pune has become a crowded city, with poor management of garbage and drains. The rivers are never free of water hyacinth. All these factors are leading to the rise of the vector-borne diseases in the city."
Dengue and malaria are among the most widely reported vector-borne diseases.
In 2014, 53 cases of dengue and 18 cases of malaria reported were reported at Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC).
Dr. Avinash Bhondwe, former president of IMA felt that there was lack of awareness among the citizens that is also contributing to the rising number of cases.
"It is at a late stage that people take medical aid, while it is advised not to prolong medication especially when the disease is viral in nature."
Bhondwe added, "The fear for the spread of such diseases too looms high, which is why cleanliness is of utmost importance."
Dr. Sanjay Bafna, pediatrician at Jehangir Hospital, felt that there needs to be more preventive measures in place to be able to curb the viral diseases.
He said, "There has been a substantial rise in children being affected by vector-borne diseases. The non-preventive measures that are currently practiced are proving to be insufficient to fight the virus, which if not acted on time can even turn fatal."
Sarda too voiced the same opinion regarding maintaining cleanliness. He said, "It is necessary to maintain personal, household and surrounding cleanliness. It is observed that people limit cleanliness just to themselves and their homes, not realising the bigger risks involved while the neighborhood is left unclean and unattended."
Stressing on the urgent need for civic officials and citizens of the city to maintain cleanliness, he said, "Garbage and overflowing of drainage can be breeding grounds for mosquitoes and flies that are the agents spreading the diseases. If there can be better management of garbage, like separation of dry and wet waste, proper waste disposal, etc. it is not difficult to keep these diseases at bay."
In numbers
Statictics for Maharashtra:*Source:National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme(NVBDCP)
Cases - Deaths
2011 : 96,577 - 118
2012 : 58,517 - 96
2013 : 43,676 - 70
2011: 1,138 - 25
2012: 2,931 - 59
2013: 5,432 - 48
1. Maintaining houses and surroundings
2. Removal of stagnated of water
3. Use of mosquito nets
4. Use of insecticides and repellents


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The U.S. has begun implementing some sanctions and the European Union is considering its own in response to Russia's actions in Crimea. NPR's Arun Rath speaks with Matthew Rojansky of the Wilson Center about the restrictions' impact.
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Showtime! The clever way to display your iPad. The new connector holds an iPad securely and comfortably. Whether on stage, in the rehearsal room or at home und ndash; the strong prismatic element with its ergonomic clamping screw allows the iPad holder to be attached quickly and easily to any tubes from 7 to 30 mm diameter. The iPad is snapped in or out of into holder effortlessly. The pivoting range is second to none, allowing the user the iPad position of their choice. The swivel movement can be adjusted from free to resistant. Naturally, the iPad can be rapidly switched between a vertical and horizontal format. The adjustment is easy and slip prevented.
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With Resolution No. 18310 of 5 September 2012, the Commission approved new rules for the organisation and operation of the Conciliation and Arbitration Chamber at Consob. The new organisational rules of the Chamber introduce a number of innovations to encourage the use of the Chamber as an alternative system for resolving disputes, reducing the congestion of the judicial system.
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Evidence gathered in an investigation of a fatal medical helicopter crash has raised questions about whether the pilot was distracted by personal text messages when he failed to refuel the helicopter before taking off and misjudged how far the aircraft could fly without more fuel.
The August 26, 2011, accident near Mosby, Missouri, which killed four people, appears to be the first fatal commercial aircraft accident investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board in which texting has been implicated.
The pilot, James Freudenbert (34), of Rapid City, South Dakota, exchanged 20 text messages with an acquaintance over a span of less than two hours before the helicopter crashed into a farm field a little over a mile from where he hoped to refuel, documents made public by the NTSB show. At least three of the messages were sent and five received while the helicopter was in flight, although not in the final 11 minutes of the last leg of the flight.


text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 1 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 1999 Ziliak, James P., Wilson, Beth A., Stone, Joe A. Spatial Dynamics and Heterogeneity in the Cyclicality of Real Wages. Review of Economics and Statistics. 81, (2), 227-236. Full Text Options: DOI Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


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Author(s): Hindman, Matthew
ISBN 10: 0691137617. See all ISBN's
Publisher: Princeton University Press
This is an eTextbook Learn More
Is the Internet democratizing American politics? Do political Web sites and blogs mobilize inactive citizens and make the public sphere more inclusive? The Myth of Digital Democracy reveals that, contrary to popular belief, the Internet has done little to broaden political discourse but in fact empowers a small set of elites--some new, but most familiar.
Matthew Hindman argues that, though hundreds of thousands of Americans blog about politics, blogs receive only a miniscule portion of Web traffic, and most blog readership goes to a handful of mainstream, highly educated professionals. He shows how, despite the wealth of independent Web sites, online news audiences are concentrated on the top twenty outlets, and online organizing and fund-raising are dominated by a few powerful interest groups. Hindman tracks nearly three million Web pages, analyzing how their links are structured, how citizens search for political content, and how leading search engines like Google and Yahoo! funnel traffic to popular outlets. He finds that while the Internet has increased some forms of political participation and transformed the way interest groups and candidates organize, mobilize, and raise funds, elites still strongly shape how political material on the Web is presented and accessed.
The Myth of Digital Democracy. debunks popular notions about political discourse in the digital age, revealing how the Internet has neither diminished the audience share of corporate media nor given greater voice to ordinary citizens.
All ISBN's for this title:
ISBN 10: 0691137617, ISBN 13: 9780691137612, eISBN 10: 1400837499, eISBN 13: 9781400837496
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Product: Mobile > Cell Phones > Verizon Wireless Cell Phones > SCH-I545
Android™ 4.4.4 KitKat upgrade is available for the Samsung Galaxy S® 4 (Verizon Wireless).
Android 4.4.4 KitKat, introduces a new look and feel, improved performance, and is easier to use.
New to KitKat
SMS to Google Hangouts
Google Printing framework
Tap to pay, built a new way (HCE support)
SMS app chooser
Chromium WebView
UI Changes
Note: If you choose "Defer" this will delay installation and you will be taken back to the home screen. The system update message will appear every 30 minutes until you install the update.
If you are roaming you will not receive a system update notice. To update your device while you are roaming, you will need to be in an area where Wi-Fi is available.
If the system update fails to install, you will get an error screen. However, this only means the software did not install properly. Remove and re-insert the battery and power the device back on. The device will power back on with original software and will prompt you once again to install the system update.


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Whether you're shouting from the rooftops or spelling it out in the shoreline sand, there's no way to fully express how very much you adore this handy backpack! Plenty of pocket space, adjustable straps, and a snap-shut, protective front panel make this vegan faux-leather bag the perfect companion on all of your adventures. Wear it over a chambray shirt, poppy-red shorts, and some strappy sandals for a look you'll love!
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- Polyurethane and fabric.
- Bag measures approximately 15 inches in height, 13.5 inches in length, 6 inches in width. Straps are adjustable and measure 31 inches in length when fully extended. Removable shoulder strap is adjustable and measures 48 inches in length when fully extended.
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i was just wondering what engine you have in you car because i cant find a turbo for my grand am i have a supercharger but i would like to eventually turbo it if possible i have a 1996 grand am gt 2.4L dohc supercharged im running 13.4 with the things i have done i am still looking to make it faster
where did you find your turbo? i have looked all over the internet and cannot find one
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As is our custom, orders placed in December have a little something extra tucked inside, a thank you from Alima Pure to all of our wonderful customers. This year, the token of our appreciation is a double-stacked, deluxe sample-sized blush duo that we've affectionately named "Sweet Cheeks." This darling duo is made up of two Limited Edition shades that will only be available for a month, and are guaranteed to bring a warm glow to your holiday makeup!
Inspired by a clear, balmy summer's evening, the Stargazing collection includes wearable neutrals, punctuated with brights.
Nebula – a pale silver with golden shimmer.
Nova – peachy-gold with multi-colored shimmer.
Galaxy – shimmering cool, deep brown.
Andromeda – indigo purple, sparked with silver.
Available only for a limited time, the Stargazing collection is available exclusively at www.alimapure.com for $25. $2 from every purchase is donated to The Global Fund for Women.
Smoky Stargazing look
Sweep Nebula from lashline to brows.
Lightly apply Andromeda to the lid.
Blend Galaxy into the crease and along the lashline, extending slightly beyond the outer corner of the eye and up towards the crease.
Finish with Black liner applied with a damp brush.
Vivid Stargazing look
Apply Nebula from lashline to brows.
Blend Nova over the lid up to the crease
Apply Andromeda over Nova on the outer 1/3 of the lid and blend well.
Finish with Galaxy applied damp as a liner.
Alima has a garden-full of floral-named shades, and every one of them is beautiful and appropriate for spring. For cheeks, choose Rosa Luminous Shimmer Blush. If you prefer a matte look, Satin Matte Blushes come in Apple Blossom, Carnation, Geranium, Mimosa and the roses…Antique Rose, Honey Rose and Desert Rose.
For eyes, you can choose from Black Orchid and Hellebore Luminous Shimmer shadows; Camellia, Daphne and Lilac Satin Matte shadows; and Viola Pearluster shadow.
To create a spring bouquet, apply Daphne as a base, with Hellebore on the lid. Contour with Lilac, and use it damp to line. For fair skins, sweep Tulip blush over the entire cheek area, and apply a touch of Rosa on the apples of the cheeks. For deeper skins, apply Carnation on the entire cheek area and add a touch of Antique Rose or Geranium for brightness.
At Alima, we firmly believe that every mother (and every daughter) is a goddess. So to celebrate Mother's Day, we have created three new goddess-worthy shades, perfect for gifting or keeping.
To wear the Goddess Collection, apply Athena from lashes to brows. Depending on eye shape, apply Calypso to the lid or in the crease and outer 1/3 of lid. Blend, but be aware that the more you blend, the less blue you will see. Add a touch of Black or Koan liner. Sweep Hera on the cheeks and apply Mango Nourishing Lip Balm
Visit alimapure.com
Receive a travel sized Keiko or Ami Satin Finishing Powder with any purchase over $25 (after discounts and before shipping fees). There's no need to place it in your cart - we'll simply add it to your parcel when we pack your order. Please let us know if you'd prefer Ami - otherwise we'll assume you need Keiko (unless you order a deeper foundation shade). Offer ends at midnight pst, March 13th.
Happy Friday the 13th! We hope you have a wonderful day!


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The Jackson County Commissioners approved a contract for professional services regarding an upcoming county revaluation, and considered other items on the agenda, during their regular meeting on Monday, July 21, in the Commissioners' Office of the County Courthouse.
During the regular meeting, Commissioners approved to enter a professional services agreement with Total Assessment Solutions Corporation who will provide services for a commercial revaluation in the 2014 revaluation area within the Northwest quarter of Jackson County. County Assessor Lisa Roberson recommended approval for the company to provide the service. "It's just for our commercial property, not residential," Roberson said. "The can provide the service a lot cheaper than it is to hire salary workers to do the same work, and can get more of a professional service from them."
Roberson said that a revaluation of the county is performed annually to evaluate the worth of the county as divided in quadrants. For 2014, the revaluation is to be performed on the Northwest quadrant of the Jackson County.
Commissioners approved a Resolution to request information from residents or businesses who plan to install future telephone lines within Jackson County. Per state statue the County is authorized to manage the use of public utilities within the county right-of-ways for the safety of the traveling public, and to send out a one time request of information for future installations of lines, poles, or wires, to the owner of any telephone line operated within county limits.
Commissioners approved the Commissioners' Sale by Jackson County Treasurer Renee Howard on property acquired at resale located at 614 E. Liveoak.
Commissioners rejected all bids for one or more 2010 or newer model truck tractor with fifth wheel for District 2, as opened on the July 7, meeting including bids from MHC/Kenworth (OKC, 2012 Kenworth for $115,000) and Bruckners of Wichita Falls (2012 MAC, $96,603; 2014 MAC $108,353). Those bids were previously taken under advisement. Today, District 2 Commissioner Kirk Butler made the motion to reject all bids and added later that those bids did not match the specifications requested.
"I thought they were too high for what they were offering," Butler said. "I come to find out that trucks are at a premium right now too, so I'm going to wait and see if they go down a little bit."
After approval of claims the meeting adjourned.


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Linuxcare Reincarnated as Levanta 71
Posted by CmdrTaco
from the digging-out-a-classic-icon dept.
from the digging-out-a-classic-icon dept.
ches_grin writes "BusinessWeek is running a nice profile on Levanta, the former dot-com poster child once known as Linuxcare. From the article: 'It's not that Matt Mosman has an easy job. As Linux continues its march deeper into Corporate America's racks and racks of servers, his small Silicon Valley company, Levanta, is one of many trying to help companies install and manage all those servers--a big, complex problem that's not being solved very well right now. Still, Mosman has one thing going for him: He can't do much worse than his predecessors.'"


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Articles Tagged 'autolog 2'
Need For Speed Demo Available Today Experience Great Open World Racing
By Anthony "AntDaGamer" Dows , AntDaGamer.Com
Posted on November 13, 2012 AT 05:39am
Posted on November 13, 2012 AT 05:39am
Available today, the Need for Speed Most Wanted Demo will become racing into homes via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live. READ MORE
Need For Speed: Most Wanted Get Major Reboot
By Russ Pirozek - DigitalNoob
Posted on June 4, 2012 AT 02:38pm
Posted on June 4, 2012 AT 02:38pm
Criterion Games has announced a new release in the Need For Speed franchise, with a brand new re-imagining of the most popular game in the need for brand, Need For Speed: Most Wanted. READ MORE
Today's Top 10 Stories
Blizzard removed Tychus Findlay's cigar in Heroes of the Storm and fans needlessly raged over it
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3D Jewelry Design Biz (Ages 11-14)
Registration Form
(Click to download)
June 22-26
at Ivy Tech Community College-Bloomington
Learn how to design a product and start a business in a week! Campers will be taught how to use 3D modeling software to design their own jewelry and will have the opportunity to use Ivy Tech's 3D printers to print real prototypes of their jewelry designs. They will also learn how to create a basic business plan to market, sell and finance their products. At the end of the week, campers will give a brief presentation about their products and business plans and will get to take home the prototypes of their jewelry!
Make College for Kids a full day experience with City of Bloomington Parks and Recreation's Kid City summer camps.
You can drop your child off at 8:30 AM at Ivy Tech to participate in College for Kids from 8:30 am – 11:40 am. Kid City will then provide transportation to Kid City downtown for an afternoon of games, field trips, or swimming. Pick up your child at Kid City in the afternoon.
Please provide a sack lunch for your child.
Camper pick-up is from 4 to 5:30p.m.
Cost is $200 for full-day programming which includes $100 for a College for Kids morning session of your choice, and $100 for a Kid City afternoon session.


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All's Well as Judi Dench Returns to RSC in Stratford
Editorial Staff • West End • 11 Jul 2003
At the Swan, All's Well will be followed from 11 February to 3 April 2004 by a new staging of Othello, starring Antony Sher. Both productions will be directed by RSC associate director Gregory Doran, who led the RSC's Olivier Award-winning Jacobethan season into the West End earlier this year.
The multi award-winning Dench, who plays the Countess of Rossillion in All's Well That Ends Well, is an Honorary Associate Artist at the RSC but has not played for the RSC in Stratford since 1979 when she played Imogen in Cymbeline. Most recently, she appeared on stage in the West End playing opposite Dame Maggie Smith in David Hare's Whatsonstage.com Award-winning play The Breath of Life.
Of her upcoming RSC role, Dench commented: "The Countess is one of the few Shakespearean women that I've never played and I'm thrilled to be working with Greg Doran and being part of a big company again."
Doran's All's Well will be the RSC's first production of the bard's bittersweet comedy since Peter Hall's mounting in 1992. It will be presented in the West End by Bill Kenwright and Thelma Holt who engineered the transfer of the Jacobethan season of five plays, which also featured Antony Sher.
In Othello, Sher will play Iago to fellow South African actor Sello Maake ka Ncube's Othello. The latter is currently appearing as Mufasa in Disney's long-running West End musical The Lion King.
Othello is presented in association with Thelma Holt and HoriPro Inc and continues the relationship with the RSC that began in 1999 with Yukio Ninagawa's King Lear, which starred the late Nigel Hawthorne. Further casting for the two new productions has not yet been announced.
- by Terri Paddock


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BIG unveils plans for Pier 6 of Brooklyn Bridge ParkTuesday, September 17th, 2013
BIG was selected as winner of the project in spring of 2013 and is collaborating with MVVA. The project has won approval of the city's Public Design Commission.
BIG said its proposal for Brooklyn Bridge Park, a project that has revitalized the New York City waterfront, consists of a 6,000-square foot triangular cross-laminated timber structure, serving as pavilion and platform.
Sloping upwards 17.5 feet in height from the foot of the large gathering lawn, the platform provides views of the surrounding harbor, the Statue of Liberty, the Manhattan skyline, and the Brooklyn Bridge. In conjunction with the adjacent greenery, Pier 6 will be dominated by a flower field and treed areas giving the area seasonal displays of color.
BIG said the surface of terraced stairs, softly illuminated, will allow for large and small events and is ADA accessible. The pavilion, supported by thin steel columns, is brightly lit with up-lights and provides shade, shelter and space for indoor activities. Movable site furniture underneath the platform will accommodate a variety of programs, from food carts and picnicking to community events and small performances.
Bjarke Ingels said in a press release that "The Mantaray is a small public platform at the end of the pier – equally accessible above and below. Its namesake organic slopes and curves have been shaped by concerns for accessibility, safety, shelter, structure – like a manmade reef evolved to accommodate human life."
Pier 6, located at the intersection of Furman Street and Atlantic Avenue, spans over 1.6 acres and offers amenities, including sand volleyball courts, concessionaires, themed playgrounds, a dog run, plantings, and the seasonal Governor's Island Ferry connecting Brooklyn and Governors Island.
Collaborators on the project also include Knippers Helbig (structure), Tilotson Design Associates (lighting design), AltieriSeborWieber (MEP), Pantocraft (code), Formactiv (expediter).
BIG is an international partnership of architects, designers, builders and thinkers operating within the fields of architecture, urbanism, research and development. It is led by partners – Bjarke Ingels, Andreas Klok Pedersen, Finn Nørkjær, David Zahle, Jakob Lange, Thomas Christoffersen and Managing Partners, Sheela Maini Søgaard and Kai-Uwe Bergmann – with offices in Copenhagen and New York.
Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates is a landscape architecture firm that creates a wide range of landscape scales, from city to campus to garden. It has offices in Brooklyn and Cambridge, Mass.


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i use three 2X6 planks for the ridge poles on my 30 ' boat. they are supported by vertical 2X4 s . for the rafters i use schedule 40 1 &1/2" plastic pipe. i heat the center with a heat gun & press it on the garage floor with the edge of a short 2X6 to flatten it allow it to lay on the 2X6 s at the proper angle to rest on the lifelines. i make a step cut in the ends & heat & bend them down to grip the lifelines. i place them about two feet apart & pull the heavy tarp over the boat & tie it down. i have enough room under so i can go up on a ladder & get inside to do work. i sanded & varnished all the brightwork & painted the deck & cockpit last spring between rain showers while under the tarp with a fan to blow out the fumes.
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text: > View Product Details Please select the size of the product. Please enter valid quantity. Tod's dark brown suede moc penny loafers overview details Retail: $425.00 Bluefly: $345.00 10% Off : $310.50 color : We're sorry. This style is sold out. Dark Brown From lavish to casual, count on Tod's for classic perfection in every pair of masterfully crafted shoes. Color: Dark Brown Soft, smooth suede upper Round moc toe Penny loafer strap across vamp Leather and suede interior lining Signature rubber pebbling at back heel Leather sole with rubber pebbling Suede / Leather; Italy; style#326475601


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VIEWS: 110 PAGES: 7 CATEGORY: Emerging Technologies POSTED ON: 9/5/2010 Public Domain
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 Enhanced Dynamic Source Routing Protocol using On Demand Passive Clustering Shobha.K.R and Dr.K.Rajanikanth M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore, India. firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com Abstract— In this paper an enhancement technique for Dynamic a peer-to-peer fashion. Two nodes communicate directly if they Source Routing (DSR) protocol using on demand passive are within transmission range of each other. Otherwise, nodes clustering is proposed. DSR is a popular reactive protocol in must communicate via a multihop route. To find such a multi- Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) which uses flooding for hop route, MANETs commonly employ on demand routing route discovery and route maintenance. Flooding can be easily algorithms that use flooding or broadcast messages. Many ad restricted using clustering. Clustering restricts the set of hoc routing protocols [12] [13] [26] [27], multicast schemes forwarding nodes during flooding which in turn reduces the [25], or service discovery programs depend on massive energy, cost and traffic overhead during routing in dynamic flooding. In flooding, a node transmits a message to all of its traffic and dynamic topology environment of MANET. Active neighbors. The neighbors in turn relay to their neighbors and clustering mechanisms require periodic refresh of neighborhood information and tend to introduce a large amount of so on until the message has been propagated to the entire communication maintenance overhead. This can be overcome network. In this paper, we will refer to such flooding as blind using passive clustering which executes only when the user has flooding. As one can easily see, the performance of blind data to transmit. Passive clustering dynamically partitions the flooding is closely related to the average number of neighbors network into clusters interconnected by gateways. Existing (neighbor degree) in the CSMA/CA network. As the neighbor Passive Clustering techniques exploit the data packets for cluster degree gets higher, blind flooding suffers from the increase of formation and thus reduce the periodic exchange of explicit (1) redundant and superfluous packets, (2) probability of control packets. We have proposed an enhanced passive collision, and (3) congestion of wireless medium [1]. clustering technique which makes use of the control packets used Performance of blind flooding is severely impaired especially for route discovery in DSR to establish a cluster. We have used in large and dense networks [2]. When topology or the Lowest ID technique and first declaration wins technique to neighborhood information is available, only subsets of form clusters. We have analyzed the performance of this neighbors are required to participate in flooding to guarantee technique to reduce flooding by using single cluster head called the complete flooding. We call such flooding as efficient primary cluster head. Then an analysis has been carried out with flooding. The characteristics of MANETs (e.g., node mobility, two cluster heads called primary and secondary cluster heads. the limited bandwidth and resource), however, make the Simulation results on DSR have shown that this enhanced passive periodic collection of topology information difficult and costly clustering technique can reduce redundant flooding, with (in terms of overhead). For this reason many on-demand adhoc negligible overhead; - thus making DSR more efficient. routing schemes and service discovery protocols simply use blind flooding [12] [25]. In contrast with on-demand routing methods, the proactive adhoc routing schemes by virtue of Keywords- MANETs; DSR; Flooding; Clustering; Passive periodic route table exchange, can gather topological clustering; Primary cluster head; Secondary cluster head; information without much extra overhead. Thus, the leading MANET proactive adhoc routing schemes use route I. INTRODUCTION aggregation methods to forward routing packets through only a Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) have recently been the subset of the neighbors [26] [27]. subject of active research because of their unique advantages. In this paper, we focus on on-demand routing protocols and MANETs are self-creating, self-organizing and self- propose a mechanism for efficient flooding based on passive administrating networks and do not require deployment of any clustering. Existing passive clustering scheme [10] requires kind of infrastructure. They offer special benefits and neither the deployment of GPS like systems nor explicit versatility for wide range of applications in military (e.g., periodic control messages to identify the subset of forwarding battlefields, sensor networks etc.), commercial (e.g., distributed neighbors. This scheme makes the following contributions mobile computing, disaster discovery systems, etc.), and compared with previous efficient flooding schemes (such as educational environments (e.g., conferences, conventions, etc.), multipoint relay, neighbor coverage, etc): (1) it does not need where fixed infrastructure cannot be easily acquired. With the any periodic messages. Instead, it exploits existing data absence of pre-established infrastructure (e.g., no router, no packets by attaching few more extra fields; (2) it is very access point, etc.), two nodes communicate with one another in resource-efficient regardless of the degree of neighbor nodes or 27 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 the size of network. To our knowledge, passive clustering is node) only when it has neighbors that are not covered by its the only scheme that provides scalability and practicality for forwarding nodes. While the self-pruning heuristic utilizes choosing the minimal number of forwarding nodes in the information of directly connected neighbors only, the presence of dynamic topology changes; (3) it does not dominant-pruning heuristic extends the propagation of introduce any startup latency; (4) it saves energy if there is no neighbor information two-hop away. The dominant pruning traffic; (5) it easily adapts to topology and available resource scheme is actually similar to Multipoint Relay scheme (MPR) changes. [7]. In Multipoint Relay scheme, a node periodically exchanges the list of adjacent nodes with its neighbors so that In this paper we propose an enhanced passive clustering each node can collect the information of two-hop away scheme which uses route request packets (RREQ) instead of neighbors. Each node, based on the gathered information, data packets for maintaining cluster. This technique reduces the selects the minimal subset of forwarding neighbors, which flooding efficiently and also reduces the overhead in each and cover all nodes within two-hops. Each sender piggybacks its every data packet transmitted. We have simulated and tested chosen forwarding nodes (i.e. multipoint relay nodes) on the this algorithm using DSR routing protocol. outgoing broadcast packet. The remainder of the article is organised as follows: In section 2 we discuss the various methods available for achieving efficient flooding. Section 3 gives an explanation about the algorithms we are proposing for achieving efficient flooding .Section 4 discusses the simulation parameters and results .The main conclusions for this paper are summarized in section 5. II. RELATED WORK Several papers [1] [6] [7] [8] have addressed the limitations of blind flooding and have proposed solutions to provide efficient flooding. However, because of the problem of finding a subset of dominant forwarding nodes in MANETs, all the work about efficient flooding has been directed to the development of efficient heuristics that select a sub-optimal Figure 1. The collision rate of broadcast dominant set with low forwarding overhead. Along the same lines, several other schemes have proposed In [1] [6], the authors propose several heuristics to reduce the selection of a dominant set based on topology [18] [21] [22] rebroadcasts. More specifically, upon receiving a flood packet, [23]. All of these schemes, however, again depend on periodic a node decides whether to relay it or not based on one of the hello messages to collect topological information. following heuristics: (1) rebroadcast with given probability; (2) rebroadcast if the number of received duplicate packets is The extra hello messages, however, consume resources and less than a threshold; (3) distance-based scheme where the drop the network throughput in MANETs [14]. The extra relative distance between hosts determines the rebroadcast traffic brings about congestion and collision as geographic decision; (4) location-based scheme where the decision is based density increases [1]. Fig 1[26] depicts the collision probability on pre-acquired neighbor location information; (5) cluster- of hello messages in a single hop and a two hop network as the based scheme where only precomputed cluster heads and number of neighbor's increases. This result clearly shows that gateways rebroadcast. Our approach, passive clustering, differs the neighbor degree causes the broadcast collision probability from the above schemes in that it provides a more systematic to increase (note, the collision probability is more than 0.1 with method based on locally collected information (e.g., neighbor more than 15 neighbors). Moreover, the hidden terminal and information, cluster states, etc.). Each node participates in exposed terminal problems aggravate collisions in the two hop flooding based on its role or state in the dynamically network. Note that Fig 1 assumes no data traffic - only hello constructed cluster architecture instead of depending on local messages. heuristics or on pre-computed clusters. With user-data packets, the collision probability of hello Another approach to efficient flooding is to exploit messages will dramatically increase. Thus, it will be hard to topological information [6] [7] [8] [24] [19]. In the absence of collect complete neighbor topology information using hello preexisting infrastructure, all the above schemes use a periodic messages. As a consequence, the aforementioned schemes hello message exchange method to collect topological (e.g., neighbor coverage, MPR, etc.) are not scalable to offered information. Our approach does not require periodic control load and number of neighbors. messages. Rather, it exploits on-going Route REQuest Lastly, we consider clustering. Clustering can be described (RREQ) packets to exchange cluster-related information. The as grouping of nodes. A representative of each group (cluster) authors of [8] suggest two schemes called self-pruning and is dynamically elected to the role of cluster head based on some dominant pruning. Self pruning is similar to the neighbor- criterion (e.g., lowest ID). Nodes within one hop of a cluster coverage scheme in [6]. With self-pruning scheme, each head become associated to its cluster. A node belonging to two forwarding node piggybacks the list of its neighbors on or more clusters at the same time is called a gateway. Other outgoing packet. A node rebroadcasts (becomes a forwarding 28 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 members are called ordinary nodes. Various distributed investigation of a new cluster formation protocol called enhanced passive clustering. While retaining the advantages of passive clustering, our scheme eliminates much of the control overhead. III. ENHANCED PASSIVE CLUSTERING A. Overveiw of Enhanced passive clustering The proposed protocol called enhanced passive clustering is very much similar to passive clustering algorithm except that it uses RREQ packets for formation of clusters and their maintenance. RREQ packets are generated only when the Figure 2. . An example of efficient flooding with clustering. Only cluster topology of the network changes and hence is more suitable for heads and gateways rebroadcast cluster formation and maintenance in a rapidly changing network. RREQ packet is transmitted by the node having data computation techniques can be used to dynamically create to transmit but has no path to forward it. If data packets are clusters. In the active clustering lowest ID technique [15] each used for cluster formation and maintenance then every data node attempts to become cluster head by broadcasting its ID to packet carries the overhead of cluster related information thus neighbors. It will give up only if it hears from a lower ID increasing the overhead transmitted in the network. Our neighbor. Based on the above definition, any two nodes in a scheme helps in reducing flooding and redundant overhead cluster are at most 2 hops away [9]. With this clustering transmission effectively. scheme, the dominant forwarding nodes are the cluster heads and the gateways, as shown in Figure 2. B. Construction and maintainance Clustering in ad hoc networks has been extensively studied A node can be in different states during the clustering for hierarchical routing schemes [9] [5] [3], the master election process, namely: INITIAL, CLUSTER HEAD (CH), algorithms [4], power control [3], reliable broadcast [20], load ORDINARY NODE, GATEWAY (GW), CH READY, GW aware schemes [17], efficient broadcast [16] and efficient READY and DISTRIBUTED GW. flooding [10]. Some clustering schemes are based on the When a node joins the network, it sets its cluster state to complete knowledge of neighbors. However, the complete INITIAL. Moreover, the state of a floating node (a node does knowledge of neighbor information in adhoc networks is hard not belong to a cluster yet) also is set to INITIAL. Because to collect and introduces substantial control overhead caused by enhanced passive clustering exploits RREQ packets, the periodic exchange of hello messages. Passive clustering [10] is implementation of this clustering resides between layer 3 and 4. an "on demand" protocol. It constructs and maintains the An additional field in the header (the cluster information field) cluster architecture only when there are on-going data packets is carried by RREQ packet. This field contains the following that piggyback "cluster related information". Each node entries: collects neighbor information through promiscuous packet receptions. Passive clustering, therefore, eliminates setup Node ID: The IP address of the sender node. Not to be latency and major control overhead of clustering protocols. confused with the source address of the IP packet. Passive clustering has two innovative mechanisms for the State of node: The cluster state of the sender node. cluster formation: First Declaration Wins rule and Gateway Two cluster heads addresses: If a sender node is a Selection Heuristic. With the First Declaration Wins rule, a gateway, then there is another field with the two IP node that first claims to be a cluster head "rules" the rest of addresses of the cluster heads (CHs) which are nodes in its clustered area (radio coverage). There is no reachable from the gateway. waiting period (to make sure all the neighbors have been checked) unlike for all the weight-driven clustering Below, we provide a summary description of the enhanced mechanisms [3] [5]. Also, the Gateway Selection Heuristic passive clustering algorithm. provides a procedure to elect the minimal number of gateways (including distributed gateways) required to maintain the 1) The packet handling: connectivity in a distributed manner. Upon sending a RREQ packet, each node piggybacks cluster related information in the cluster info field. Upon a Passive clustering maintains clusters using implicit timeout. promiscuous packet reception, each node extracts cluster- A node assumes that the nodes it had previously heard from as related information of neighbors and updates neighbor dead or out of its locality if they have not sent any data within information table. timeout duration. With a reasonable offered load, a node can easily keep track of dynamic topology changes by virtue of this 2) A cluster head declaration: timeout. A node in INITIAL state changes its state to CH READY (a candidate cluster head) when a RREQ packet arrives from Lastly, the existing passive clustering scheme uses another node that is not a cluster head. With the next outgoing flooding initially till the cluster is formed and each data packet RREQ packet, a CH READY node can declare itself as a carries cluster formation overhead fields even though the CLUSTER HEAD. cluster has not changed. These limitations motivated our 29 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 3) Becoming a member (Gateway or Ordinary node): becomes a distributed gateway if it has not heard from any A node becomes a member of a cluster once it has heard or other neighboring distributed gateway belonging to the same overheard a message from any cluster head. A member node cluster. If an ordinary node has received a packet from a will serve as a gateway or an ordinary node depending on the distributed gateway and no other gateway is a neighbor node of information collected from neighbors. Specifically, a member that node, then this node changes to a distributed gateway. node settles as an ORDINARY NODE only after it has learned Enhanced passive clustering was first implemented using (i.e., has heard from) enough neighbor gateways. In enhanced one cluster head per cluster in DSR. In this paper this passive clustering, the existence of a gateway can be found implementation is referred to as Enhanced Dynamic Source only through overhearing a packet from that gateway. Thus, Routing protocol1 (EDSR1). Enhanced passive clustering was we define another internal state, GW READY, for a candidate then implemented using two cluster heads per cluster. In this gateway node that has not yet discovered enough neighbor paper this implementation is referred to as Enhanced Dynamic gateways. Recall that we develop a gateway selection Source Routing protocol2 (EDSR2). Two cluster heads are mechanism to reduce the total gateways in the network. A named as primary and secondary cluster heads. Primary cluster candidate gateway finalizes its role as a GATEWAY upon heads are active as long as they are in the cluster. Once the sending a packet (announcing its gateway's role). Note that a primary cluster head moves out of the cluster, instead of candidate gateway node can be downgraded to ordinary node at performing reclustering and flooding the network, this any time after detection of enough gateways. technique makes the secondary cluster head active and C. Gateway Selection Heuristic promotes it as primary cluster head so that flooding in the A gateway is a bridge node that connects two adjacent network can be avoided. It is now the responsibility of primary clusters. Thus, a node that belongs to two or more clusters at cluster head to select secondary cluster head. We have used the same time is eligible to be a gateway. One can easily see lowest id technique to select secondary cluster head. that only one gateway is needed for the each pair of adjacent IV. SIMULATION RESULTS clusters. Following this observation, we have used a gateway selection mechanism that eventually allows only one gateway The simulations were performed using Glomosim [11]. The for each pair of neighboring cluster heads. However, it is mobility scenarios were randomly generated using random possible that there is no potential gateway between two waypoint model. We used distributed coordination function communicating clusters. For instance, suppose that two cluster (DCF) of IEEE 802.11 for wireless LANs as the MAC layer heads are mutually reachable not by a two-hop but a three-hop protocol. route. Then the clustering scheme should select the two In our simulation, 100 nodes move in a 1000x1000 meter intermediate nodes as distributed gateways (DISTR GW). rectangular region for 600 seconds simulation time. Initial The gateway selection mechanism can be summarized as locations of the nodes are obtained using a uniform follows: distribution. We assume that each node moves independently with the same average speed. With the random waypoint 1) Gateway mobility model, a node randomly selects a destination from the A node that belongs to two or more clusters at the same physical terrain and moves in the direction of the destination time is a candidate gateway. Upon sending a RREQ packet, a with a uniform speed chosen between the minimal and potential gateway selects two cluster heads among the known maximal speed. After it reaches its destination, the node stays cluster heads. This node will serve as an intermediate node there for a pause time and then moves again. In our simulation, between those chosen cluster heads. It cannot be the the minimal speed was 0m/s and maximal speed was 16m/s and intermediate gateways for any two other cluster heads that have pause time was varied from 0 to 10seconds. The simulated already been announced by another neighbor gateway node. If traffic was constant bit rate (CBR). the node finds a unique pair of cluster heads, then it finalizes its role as a gateway and announces the pair of cluster heads to We have analyzed the variation in the number of control neighbors. packets by varying the density of the network at different pause time (i.e. mobility) of 0s, 5s and 10s. If a gateway has received a packet from another gateway which has announced the same pair of CHs, then this node The simulation results shown below compares the compares the node ID of itself with that of the sender. If this performance of standard DSR, DSR with passive clustering node has the lower ID, it keeps its role as the gateway. (PDSR) and DSR with enhanced passive clustering EDSR1 and Otherwise, it selects another pair of CHs (that it has heard EDSR2. from) or changes its state to ordinary node. The graphs in Fig 3, 4 and 5 show that in EDSR1, the number of control packets used in routing reduces as the 2) Distributed gateway number of nodes increases at a fixed mobility, compared to Enhanced Passive clustering uses distributed gateway to DSR and PDSR. This is because we have used RREQ packets provide connectivity among cluster heads which are 3 hops for clustering which limits flooding within the cluster. The away. Moreover, distributed gateways are common at the number of control packets drastically reduces in the middle boundary of the cluster structure. A node that belongs to only region of the graph as more number of RREQ packets is one cluster can be an ordinary node only if at least two generated when the number of nodes increases and hence (distributed) gateways are known to this node. Otherwise, it clusters are maintained efficiently. But there is slight increase keeps the candidate gateway state. A candidate gateway node in the control packets with increased mobility. This is because 30 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 of reclustering which causes more control packets to be flooded in the network. But the graphs for EDSR2 shows reduced number of control packets irrespective of the density and mobility of the network. As expected EDSR2 shows reduced number of control packets compared to EDSR1 even when the mobility of the node is high as reclustering is avoided. Thus we can say that using two cluster heads in passive clustering we can reduce flooding in DSR to a great extent We have also analyzed the variation in the number of route request packets by varying the density of the network at different pause time (i.e. mobility) of 0s, 5s and 10s. Figure 5. Number of nodes v/s control packets The graphs in Fig 6, 7, and 8 show that the number of route requests required in the enhanced passive clustering technique is lesser than standard DSR and PDSR. This is mainly because this technique chooses the sub-optimal dominant forwarding nodes. In normal DSR we can see from the graph that there is a slight increase in the number of RREQ packets as mobility increases, this is because new routes have to be found as the position of the nodes change. Whereas in EDSR1 the graph shows that the number of RREQ packets is less for different mobilities as the routes need to be found only between cluster heads and flooding is limited to that of cluster. But in EDSR2 the number of route request packets reduces further as the Figure 3. Number of nodes v/s control packets secondary cluster head replaces the primary cluster head and route requests are not required to find the route between secondary cluster head as the routes will already be known during the previous transmissions. Figure 4. Number of nodes v/s control packets Figure 6. Number of nodes v/s Route request packets 31 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 clustering. Clearly, no proactive flood enhancement scheme would make sense in this environment, as it would introduce undesirable, periodic background traffic. Existing passive clustering scheme uses data packets for cluster formation and hence introduces lot of overhead in data transmission. So the key issue here was to evaluate the improvement introduced by enhanced passive clustering versus the original protocol version. We have applied enhanced passive clustering to the most popular reactive routing protocol DSR. Enhanced passive clustering consistently reduces the flooding overhead and improves the performance and scalability as shown by the results. This technique can also be applied to AODV, ODMRP etc. REFERENCES [1] Sze-Yao Ni, Yu-Chee Tseng, Yuh-Shyan C hen, Jang-Ping Sheu, "The Figure 7. Number of nodes v/s Route request packets broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network, " MobiCom, 1999. [2] Jinyang Li, Charles Blake, Douglas S.J., De Couto, Hu Imm Lee, Robert Morris, " Capacity of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, " Mobicom, 2001. [3] C.R. Lin and M. Gerla, "Adaptive Clustering for Mobile Wireless Networks, " IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 15, No. 7, Sep. 1997, pp. 1265-1275. [4] Dennis J. Baker and Anthony Ephremides, "The Architectural organization of a mobile radio network via a distributed algorithm, " IEEE Transaction on communications, Vol. com-29, No. 11, Nov. 1981 [5] Gerla, M and Tasi, J., "A Multicluster, mobile, multimedia radio network, " ACM-Baltzer Journal ofWireless Networks, Vol. 1 No. 3, 1995 [6] Yu-Chee Tseng, Sze-Yao Ni, En-Yu Shih, " Adaptive Approaches to Relieving Broadcast Storms in a Wireless Multihop Mobile Ad Hoc Network, " Infocom, 2001. [7] Amir Qayyum, Laurent Viennot, Anis Laouiti, " Multipoint relaying: An efficient technique for flooding in mobile wireless networks, " INRIA report, March 2000. [8] H.Lim and C. Kim, " Flooding in wireless ad hoc networks, " IEEE computer communications 2000. [9] Krishna, P., Vaidya, N.H., Chatterjee, M., Pradhan, D.K., "A clusterbased approach for routing in dynamic networks, " Computer Figure 8. Number of nodes v/s Route request packets Communication Review, vol.27, (no.2), ACM, April 1997. [10] Yunjung Yi, Mario Gerla and Taek-Jin Kwon , "Efficient flooding in adhoc networks using on-demand(passive) cluster formation, " As shown in the above graphs, increase in mobility of the university of California. Internet Draft, draft-ietf-yi-manet-pac-00.txt, nodes increases flooding in the network. This is due to Nov. 2001. reclustering. We have tried to overcome this drawback using [11] UCLA, Glomosim: A scalable simulation environment for Wireless and two cluster heads. Wired Network systems, http://pcl.cs.ucla.edu/projects/glomosim. [12] D.B.Johnson and D.A. Maltz, Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless V. CONCLUSION networks, Mobile Computing, Academic Publishers, 1996.pp. 153-181. For carrying out this work we have investigated the [13] Z.J.Haas, "A new routing protocol for the reconfigurable wireless networks, "ICUPC '97 pp.562-566 problem of "efficient flooding" based on topological [14] Giuseppe Bianchi, " Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 information. To collect neighbor topology, the network incurs distributed coordination function, " IEEE Journal on selected areas in a heavy control overhead penalty - it is very costly to collect communications, vol. 18. March 2000 accurate topology information with node mobility and [15] R. Bagrodia, R. Meyer, M. Takai, Y. Chen, X. Zeng, J. Martin, B. Park, dynamically changing resources. The aforementioned H. Song, " Parsec: A parallel simulation environment for complex topology-based schemes, in consequence, are limiting in systems, " Computer, Vol. 31(10), October 1998, pp. 77-85. scalability and performance due to the burden of message and [16] M. Jiang, J. Li, Y. C. Tay, " Cluster based routing protocol (CBR) processing overhead. Flooding scheme based on passive functional specification, IETF draft 1998. clustering removes such limitations. Passive clustering finds its [17] Yunjung Yi, Taek Jin Kwon, Mario Gerla, "A load aware routing (LWR) based on local information, " PIMRC 2001 accepted. home in the domain of on-demand protocols. As such protocols come alive only when the user has data and tries to find a path [18] J. Broch, D. Maltz, D. Johnson, Y. Hu, J. Jetcheva, "A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols" to send his data, and moreover they almost universally require [19] A.V. Aho, J.E. Hopcroft, J.D. Ullman, The design and analysis of some form of flooding; they are the ideal candidates for passive computer algorithms, Addison-Wesley Publication. 1974. 32 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, August 2010 [20] E. Pagani, G.P. Rossi, " Reliable broadcast in mobile multihop packet AUTHORS PROFILE networks, " Mobicom 97 (1997) [21] J. Wu and H. Li, "On calculating connected dominating set for efficient Shobha.K.R received M.E degree in Digital routing in ad hoc networks, " DIAL M. 1999 communication from Bangalore University and is [22] B. Chen, K. H. Jamieson, and R. Morris, " An energy-efficient currently working towards the Ph.D. She is currently coordination algorithm for topology maintenance in Ad Hoc wireless working as Assistant Professor with the department of networks, "Mobicom, 2001 Telecommunication Engineering, M.S.Ramaiah Institute [23] Y. Xu, J. Heidemann and D. Estrin,"Geography-informed Energy of Technology, Bangalore,India. She had served as a Conservation for Ad Hoc Routing, " Mobicom, 2001 teaching faculty at BMSCE, Bangalore for 5 years up to 1999. Her research areas include Routing protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks and [24] M. Seddigh, J. Solano and I. Stojmenovic, "Internal nodes based Wireless Networks. broadcasting algorithms in wireless networks, " Proceedings of the 34th Annual HICSS 2001. [25] S.-J. Lee,W. Su, and M. Gerla On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) for Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manetodmrp- Dr.K.Rajanikanth received M.E in Automation and 02.txt, Jan. 2000. Ph. D degrees from Indian Institute of Science, [26] T. Clausen, P. Jacquet, A. Laouiti, P. Minet, P. Muhlethaler, A.Qayyum, Bangalore, India. Areas of interest are software L. Viennot Optimized Link State Routing Protocol, Internet Draft, draft- engineering, Object Technology, Embedded Systems. ietf-manet-olsr-05.txt, Nov. 2001. Currently working as Professor and Principal at M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore. [27] R. G. Ogier, F. L. Templin, B. Bellur, M. G. Lewis Topology Broadcast Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF), Internet Draft, draft-ietf- manet-tbrpf-03.txt, Nov. 2001. 33 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500
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(Attorneys must abide by the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, which forbids them to falsely represent themselves to potential clients.) I pointed out that Sebesta's website includes many misleading statements, such as:
- "The State Bar cleared Sebesta of any wrongdoing in the case."
- "Had I withheld evidence in the Graves Trial, 'sanctions' would and should have been appropriate. But that did not happen and the State Bar of Texas obviously agreed with their dismissal of the grievance!"
- "The [bar's] Grievance Committee said the allegations 'Lacked Just Cause' to proceed, which in layman's terms means that there was no evidence to justify a formal hearing."
No, Acevedo told me, Sebesta would not face disciplinary action from the bar for making such claims. The rules of professional conduct, she wrote, are "aimed at regulating attorney advertising and … communications regarding an attorney's legal services." So even though he falsely represents the bar's findings on his website, he will face no repercussions from the bar.
When I asked Kelly Siegler—the special prosecutor in the Graves case who dismissed all charges against Graves in 2010 after a thorough examination of the evidence—what she made of all this, she said, "I think it's disgusting that Charles Sebesta still has a law license." She was equally appalled, she added, that Sebesta continues to instruct law enforcement officers around the state. (He teaches seminars through the Sheriffs' Association of Texas.)
At first glance, the bar's lack of action against Sebesta is confounding. Why would the statute of limitations prohibit the agency from taking action against Sebesta, who prosecuted Graves in 1994, but not against Anderson, who prosecuted Morton seven years earlier, in 1987? The answer lies in one simple detail: the statute of limitations does not begin to run until the facts of the offense—such as withholding evidence favorable to the accused—are discovered (or, in legalese, "become discoverable"). In the recent proceedings against Anderson, the bar persuasively argued that the statute of limitations did not begin running until 2011, when the transcript describing Morton's son's account of the killer was found in Anderson's files. Such a strategy was not possible with Sebesta, Acevedo told me, because "the information at issue"—i.e., that he withheld favorable evidence—"was known more than four years before the grievance was filed."
Bennett, who filed the grievance, takes issue with that, arguing that the Fifth Circuit's ruling "was the official notice of what had taken place." And Graves's attorney, Cásarez, believes that's key. While it's true that Graves's lawyers learned in 1998 that Carter had repeatedly told Sebesta of Graves's innocence, when they took a deposition from Carter at that time, it was simply a defendant's word against that of a sitting district attorney. It was not until 2006 that the Fifth Circuit made an official finding that Sebesta had withheld evidence. "Now, how can someone file a grievance and expect to get anywhere until a court finds that the prosecutor engaged in misconduct?" Cásarez wondered.
Not punishing prosecutors like Sebesta, Graves told me, sends the wrong message. "We give prosecutors almost unrestricted authority in pursuing justice," Graves said. "They should be held to a higher standard of accountability to make sure that they are not abusing their authority."
I was curious what he thought should have happened to Sebesta. What would have been the appropriate punishment? "He should have been charged with attempted murder and sentenced to eighteen and a half years in prison, like me," Graves said. "He should have had his law license revoked and been made to pay restitution to my family and the Davis family."
Graves said he was dismayed to see nothing happen to the man who sent him to death row. "What happened to my brother Michael Morton was another horrible injustice," he said. "However, when you compare the way the state of Texas handled these two cases, it shows that we still have a long way to go in this state for fairness for all in our criminal justice system."