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VIEWS: 19 PAGES: 24 CATEGORY: Medical: Surgery POSTED ON: 7/7/2010 Public Domain
In one aspect, the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for treating microcirculatory problems, including transient and reversible conditions that do no involve structural injury, as well as permanent or chronic conditions that doinvolve structural injury to the microcirculation. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for augmenting normal microcirculation. In a related aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for treating conditionsthat involve osteonecrosis, compartment syndrome, edema, and skin flap survival.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONA number of clinical conditions involve (e.g., are caused by and/or themselves cause) impaired circulation, and particularly circulation within interstitial spaces and within discrete, localized tissues. Among the more vexing examples of suchcirculatory afflictions are osteonecrosis (e.g., avascular necrosis), compartment syndrome, and edema (and in particular, cerebral edema).A number of conditions involve poor blood supply to the bone, leading to bone necrosis. Avascular necrosis of the proximal femur, for instance, is the disabling end result of a variety of disease processes that can affect patients of all ages. There is no treatment presently available that can predictably alter the natural history of the disorder. Clinical and radiographic progression to femoral head collapse occurs in approximately 80 percent of cases, and 50 percent undergo total hipreplacement within three years. Numerous techniques have been attempted aimed at promoting the early revascularization of the femoral head, with the goal of reversing the usual process ofjoint deterioration. These approaches include muscle pedicletransfer and vascularized bone grafts.Other methods, including bone remodeling and fracture repair are similar at the cellular level, and involve the coordinated delivery of a variety of cellular elements such as growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta (T
United States Patent: 6030358 ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 6,030,358 Odland February 29, 2000 Microcatheter and method for site specific therapy Abstract An apparatus having a pump reservoir and one or more microcatheters, for use in delivering and/or recovering fluid to and/or from a tissue site or for performing tissue engineering outside of the body. The apparatus can be used in a method to perform site specific microtherapy, including for the treatment of avascular necrosis, compartment syndrome, cerebral edema, and to improve skin flap survival in the course of reconstructive surgery. Inventors: Odland; Rick Matthew (Roseville, MN) Appl. No.: 08/908,555 Filed: August 8, 1997 Current U.S. Class: 604/27 ; 604/264; 604/29; 604/43 Current International Class: A61M 1/16 (20060101); A61M 25/00 (20060101); A61M 001/00 () Field of Search: 604/93,264,280,27,28,48,49,53,19,43 128/632,768 References Cited [Referenced By] U.S. Patent Documents 4378797 April 1983 Osterholm et al. 4445500 May 1984 Osterholm 4445886 May 1984 Osterholm 4758431 July 1988 Osterholm 4777953 October 1988 Ash 4840617 June 1989 Osterholm 4904237 February 1990 Janese 5002054 March 1991 Ash et al. 5106365 April 1992 Hernandez 5191900 March 1993 Mishra 5200194 April 1993 Edgren et al. 5397354 March 1995 Wilk et al. 5441481 August 1995 Mishra et al. 5706806 January 1998 Kissinger 5735832 April 1998 Karlsson 5741284 April 1998 Karlsson 5798119 August 1998 Herbig et al. 5810760 September 1998 Andrews 5810789 September 1998 Powers et al. Foreign Patent Documents WO 98/05369 Feb., 1998 WO Other References C Onal, et al., Acta Neurochir (Wien) 139:661-669 (1997). . Mori et al., J. Neurotrama 15:30 (1998). . Kanthan et al., J. Neuroscience Meth. 60:151-155 (1995). . Lehman et al., Acta Neurochir.[Suppl.], 67:66-69 (1996). . Hossman, pp. 219-227 in "Dynamics of Brain Edema", Pappius, et al., eds. (1976). . Hatashita, et al., pp. 969-974 in "Intracranial Pressure VII", Hoff et al. eds. . Hoff et al., pp. 295-301 in "Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid" (1989). . Waters, et al., "A Comparative Analysis of the Ability of Five Classes of Pharmacological Agents to Augment Skin Flap Survival in Various Modelsand Species: An Attempt to Standardize Skin Flap Research", (Annals of Plastic Surgery. 23(2):117-22, 1989 Aug.) . Yadid et al., "Modified microdialysis probe for sampling extracellular fluid and administering drugs in vivo", Am. J. Physiol. 265:R1205-R1211 (1993). . Linhares et al., Anal. Chem. 64:2831-2835 (1992). . Database WPI, Section PQ, Week 8347, Derwent Publications, Ltd., London, GB; Class P31, AN 83-825588, XP002084971 (Lebedev L I), Feb. 5, 1983. . "A Handbook for Microdialysis and in Vivo Sampling", 1997 Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. . Odland RM, Kizziar R, Rheuark D, Simental A "The Effect of Capillary Ultrafiltration Probes on Skin Flap Edema" Accepted with revisions, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. . Odland RM, Umeda A "Therapeutic Tissue Microdialysis: Results of an In Vivo Study" Abstracts of the 16th Midwinter Meeting, Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Feb. 1993. . Odland RM, Sutton RL "Hyperosmosis of Cerebral Injury" Neurological Research. In press. . Goding GS, Odland RM "Skin Flap Physiology" in Cummings C (Ed.): Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Ed., St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Co. 1998. pp. 145-170. . Lonnroth, et al., "A microdialysis method allowing characterization of intercellular water space in humans", Am. J. Physio. 253 (Endocrinol. Metab. 16): E-228-E231, 1987. . Odland, et al., "Reduction of Tissue Edema by Microdialysis", Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 121, 1995. . Johansen, et al. Pharmacotherapy May 1997; 17(3):464-481, "The Use of Microdialysis in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics" (Abstract). . Cimmino et al., Diabetes Metab. Apr. 1997; 23(2):164-170, "Tissue Microdialysis: Practical and Theoretical Aspects" (Abstract). . Odland RM, Cohen JI "Measurement of Interstitial Tissue Compliance in Skin Flaps" Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1988; 114(11):1276-1279. (Abstract).. Primary Examiner: McDermott; Corrine Assistant Examiner: Gring; Kent Claims What is claimed is: 1. An apparatus for performing site specific microtherapy comprising a pump reservoir and one or more microcatheters dimensioned to be positioned within a tissue site for selectively removing fluids by microdialysis from the tissue site, the microcatheter(s) being adapted for fluid communication with the pump reservoir to effect the recovery of fluid, the apparatus further comprising a delivery sheath adapted to be positioned into the tissue site, the microcatheter assembly adapted to be positioned within the delivery sheath, the delivery sheath having walls sufficiently permeable to permit a desired flow of fluids between the tissue and the microcatheter assembly in the course of microdialysis. 2. A kit comprising an apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the microcatheter assembly comprises a plurality of microcatheters adapted to be positioned within the delivery sheath. 3. A kit according to claim 2 wherein the microcatheter assembly is adapted to perform microdialysis based on size exclusion in order to remove tissue fluids and solutes based on solute size. 4. A kit according to claim 3 wherein the microcatheter assembly comprises a plurality of microcatheters, each in the form of a capillary tube having a lumen and semipermeable wall. 5. A kit according to claim 2 wherein the apparatus provides a plurality of fluid passageways. 6. A kit according to claim 5 wherein the passageways comprise a passageway adapted to deliver a solution to the tissue and a second passageway adapted to recover fluid from the tissue. 7. A kit according to claim 2 wherein the apparatus is adapted to permit physiologic parameters to be simultaneously monitored. 8. A kit according to claim 2 wherein the apparatus is adapted for use in treating cerebral edema. 9. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the microcatheter assembly is adapted to perform microdialysis based on size exclusion in order to remove tissue fluids and solutes based on solute size. 10. An apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the microcatheter assembly comprises a plurality of microcatheters, each in the form of a capillary tube having a lumen and semipermeable wall. 11. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the apparatus provides a plurality of fluid passageways. 12. An apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the passageways comprise a passageway adapted to deliver a solution to the tissue and a second passageway adapted to recover fluid from the tissue. 13. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the apparatus is adapted to permit physiologic parameters to be simultaneously monitored. 14. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the apparatus is adapted for use in treating cerebral edema. 15. A method of performing site specific microdialysis, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing an apparatus comprising one or more microcatheters dimensioned to be positioned within a tissue site for selectively removing fluids by microdialysis from the tissue site, the microcatheter(s) being adapted for fluid communication with a reservoir component for the recovery of fluid, the apparatus further comprising a delivery sheath adapted to be positioned into the tissue site, the microcatheter assembly adapted to be positioned within the delivery sheath, the delivery sheath having walls sufficiently permeable to permit a desired flow of fluids between the tissue and the microcatheter assembly in the course of microdialysis b) positioning the delivery sheath and microcatheter assembly of the apparatus within a tissue site, and c) employing the apparatus to selectively remove fluid by microdialysis from the tissue site. 16. A method according to claim 15 wherein the microcatheter assembly is adapted to perform microdialysis based on size exclusion in order to remove tissue fluids and solutes based on solute size. 17. A method according to claim 16 wherein the microcatheter assembly comprises a plurality of microcatheters, each in the form of a capillary tube having a lumen and semipermeable wall. 18. A method according to claim 15 wherein the apparatus provides a plurality of fluid passageways. 19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the passageways comprise a passageway adapted to deliver a solution to the tissue and a second passageway adapted to recover fluid from the tissue. 20. A method according to claim 15 wherein the apparatus is adapted to permit physiologic parameters to be simultaneously monitored. 21. A method according to claim 15 wherein the apparatus is adapted for use in treating cerebral edema. Description TECHNICAL FIELD In one aspect, the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for treating microcirculatory problems, including transient and reversible conditions that do no involve structural injury, as well as permanent or chronic conditions that do involve structural injury to the microcirculation. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for augmenting normal microcirculation. In a related aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for treating conditions that involve osteonecrosis, compartment syndrome, edema, and skin flap survival. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A number of clinical conditions involve (e.g., are caused by and/or themselves cause) impaired circulation, and particularly circulation within interstitial spaces and within discrete, localized tissues. Among the more vexing examples of such circulatory afflictions are osteonecrosis (e.g., avascular necrosis), compartment syndrome, and edema (and in particular, cerebral edema). A number of conditions involve poor blood supply to the bone, leading to bone necrosis. Avascular necrosis of the proximal femur, for instance, is the disabling end result of a variety of disease processes that can affect patients of all ages. There is no treatment presently available that can predictably alter the natural history of the disorder. Clinical and radiographic progression to femoral head collapse occurs in approximately 80 percent of cases, and 50 percent undergo total hip replacement within three years. Numerous techniques have been attempted aimed at promoting the early revascularization of the femoral head, with the goal of reversing the usual process ofjoint deterioration. These approaches include muscle pedicle transfer and vascularized bone grafts. Other methods, including bone remodeling and fracture repair are similar at the cellular level, and involve the coordinated delivery of a variety of cellular elements such as growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein. Several technical barriers to the treatment of AVN of the femoral head and neck include the limited blood supply of the site, difficult surgical access, and the accelerated progression of the disease due to biomechanical demands of walking on the hip joint. Acute compartment syndrome generally involves impaired circulation within an enclosed fascial space, leading to increased tissue pressure and necrosis of muscle and nerves. The soft tissue of the lower leg is contained within four compartments, each bounded by heavy fascia--the anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, and deep posterior compartments. The anterior compartment holds the major structures for ankle dorsiflexion and foot and extension. Direct trauma, ischemia, or excessive, unaccustomed exercise can result in hemorrhage and swelling inside the anterior compartment. This swelling will increase pressure on the nerves, veins and arteries inside the compartment. Without arterial circulation, muscle cells will die. In addition, the prolonged compression of nerves can destroy their ability to function. The neurovascular compression continues to worsen in the following symptoms: weakness or inability to dorsiflex the foot or extend the great toe, decreased ability of the peroneal tendon to evert the foot, and marked itching or prickling sensations in the web between the first and second toe or over the entire dorsal area of the foot. These symptoms must be identified quickly, since misdiagnosis can lead to permanent neuromuscular damage and physical disability. Diagnosis involves clinical symptoms such as pain and swelling, and signs such as tense compartment pain on passive stretching, parathesia and decreased pulse, and increases in intracompartmental pressure. Once diagnosed, the injury requires immediate decompression through surgical release of the fascia covering the area. Other suggest treatment means include the use of a sympathetic blockade, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and treatment with mannitol and/or alloperinol. The characteristics of acute tissue edema are well known, and the condition continues to be a clinical problem, particularly since edema can be detrimental to the tissue as a result of disruption of the microcirculation. Tissue swelling results in increased diffusion distances, which in turn decreases interstitial nutrient delivery. Irreversible disruption of the microcirculatory system can occur as a result of unresolved acute injury. Resolution of tissue edema is problematic since natural mechanisms by which edema resolves are also affected by the edema. Edema compresses venules and lymphatic vessels, and inflammation makes lymphatic vessels hyperpermeable. Pharmacologic treatment is often not effective since blood borne agents have difficulty reaching their target tissue. Cerebral edema (also known as brain swelling), includes vasogenic cerebral edema (most common form of edema) which manifests itself in the form of increased permeability of small vessels (breakdown of blood-brain barrier) and the escape of proteins and fluids into extracellular space, especially of white matter. Other forms of cerebral edema include cytotoxic cerebral edema (cellular brain edema) and interstitial edema. Cerebral edema can be caused by ischemia, loss of oxygen, or focal disruption or loss of blood supply such as stroke. In the case of stroke, the specific area must be treated early to prevent further damage. The diagnosis of cerebral edema is based on changes in mental status, imaging, and measurement of intracranial pressure. Conventional treatment of cerebral edema is controversial. Some practictioners insist on keeping the blood pressure high to overcome high intracranial pressure, while others keep the blood pressure low in the hopes of limiting intracranial pressure. Opening the skull generally cannot be done to relieve pressure, because the brain tissue would herniate out the opening causing significant tissue damage. Giving intravenous treatments is also not effective because the brain microcirculation is disrupted so deilivery to the brain is impaired. The use of skin flaps has gained increased acceptance and use in the course of reconstructive and other forms of surgery. These techniques, however, continue to be plagued by problems having to do with survival of the skin flaps, which in turn, is believed to rely, at least in part, on efficient revascularization of the site. A number of approaches have been considered or evaluated for improving skin flap survival. See, for instance, Waters, et al., which provides a comparative analysis of the ability of five classes of pharmacological agents to augment skin flap survival in various models and species, in an attempt to standardize skin flap research. (Annals of Plastic Surgery. 23(2):117-22, 1989 Aug.). On a separate subject, the development of methods and apparatuses for tissue microdialysis began at least as early as the early 1960's with the work of Gaddum and others. To date, microdialysis has been used primarily, and with increasing frequency, in the neurosciences, as a means of assaying the interstitial space. In such applications the delivered solution is typically isotonic in order to avoid producing an osmotic gradient and resulting fluid shift. See, generally, Lonroth, et al. , J. Intern. Med., 1990 May;227(5):295-300, "Microdialysis--A Novel Technique for Clinical Investigations"; Johansen, et al. Pharmacotherapy 1997 May;17(3): 464-481, "The Use of Microdialysis in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics"; and Cimmino et al., Diabetes Metab. 1997 April;23(2):164-170, "Tissue Microdialysis: Practical and Theoretical Aspects". A limited number of references describe the use of microdialysis to deliver substances such at therapeutic agents. Lehmann et al., Acta Neurochir. Suppl., 67:66-69 (1996), describe a microdialysis probe adapted for entry into the parenchyma in order to measure various analytes, the probe being described as useful for possible "therapeutic applications". Similarly, Yadid, et al., Am. J. Physiol. 265:R1205-R1211 (1993), describe a modified microdialysis probe for sampling extracelluar fluid and delivering drugs for use in studying the local release and metabolism of neurotransmitters in vivo. A limited number of other references describe the use of microdialysis to remove interstitial fluid for diagnostic purposes, as described, for instance in Linhares et al., Anal. Chem. 64:2831-2835 (1992). Recent articles have described the use of a hollow fiber catheter to perfuse the catheter with a hypertonic solution in order to intentionally produce a fluid shift and reduce tissue edema. See, for instance, Odland, et al. "Reduction of Tissue Edema by Microdialysis" Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg, Vol. 121, pp. 662-666 (1995), which describes the use of a test device having catheters connected by afferent segments of tubing to an infusion pump providing a hypertonic solution of inulin in saline. To Applicant's knowledge, however, there is no present teaching, let alone clinically acceptable approach for the application of tissue microdialysis in site specific therapy, or in particular, a microdialysis apparatus useful for prolonged periods, difficult sites, and in clinical settings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present application provides an apparatus and method for performing site specific microtherapy, a preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprising one or more microcatheters dimensioned to be positioned within a tissue site, the microcatheter(s) comprising one or more surfaces for delivering fluid to the tissue site and one or more surfaces for removing fluid from the tissue site, the microcatheter(s) being adapted for fluid communication with a pump reservoir for the delivery and/or recovery of fluid. Optionally, and preferably, the apparatus includes such a pump reservoir as a component part. In a further preferred embodiment, the apparatus provides an outflow circuit for delivering fluid (and/or solutes) to the tissue site and an inflow circuit for removing fluid (and/or solutes) from the tissue site, in combination with a manifold and associated pump system for controlling and directing the flow of fluid within the catheter(s). In one such embodiment, the outflow and inflow circuits each employ one or more catheters to recover and deliver fluid (optionally containing solutes such as biological agents) between sites of healthy and diseased or injured tissue. In another preferred embodiment, the outflow and inflow circuits are provided in the form of separate and substantially parallel recovery and delivery catheters, where they cooperate to provide convective interstitial flow within the tissue site. Applicant has found that the distribution of fluids within or between portions of a tissue, including the delivery of fluids and any solutes contained therein, can be significantly enhanced by the present apparatus, which can serve to artificially replicate the hydrostatic forces and/or solute delivery characteristics of the microcirculatory system. In such a preferred embodiment the present invention employs microfibril technology to deliver and/or remove fluid, solutes, or specific agents to and/or from a tissue space. In particular, the apparatus permits the infusion of fluids and/or therapeutic agents, and the corresponding removal of tissue fluids and/or biological factors, with the optional ability to simultaneously monitor physiologic parameters. In turn, the invention further provides a commercially viable in vitro tissue engineering technique based on the principle of microdialysis. The apparatus and method of the present invention can be used for a variety of purposes in the course of providing artificial microcirculation, including for instance, for replicating, repairing, or augmenting circulation inside or outside of the body. In turn, the present invention can be used for a variety of applications, including to treat reperfusion injury or deliver toxic agents directly to a tissue site (inter alia, to avoid systemic toxicity), and for the delivery of poorly diffusible molecules to the interstitum. In particularly preferred embodiments, the apparatus and method of this invention are used to treat clinical conditions that include cerebral edema, stroke, osteoporosis, ischemic osteonecrosis (e.g., avascular necrosis ("AVN") of the femoral head), compartment syndrome, skin flap failure, reperfusion injury, and inflammation in fixed spaces. The apparatus and method of the invention can also be used for the preparation of bone and soft tissue grafts. A preferred apparatus employs a hydrostatic or osmotic gradient, established by the use of one or more suitably placed and configured catheters, to effect tissue metabolism or fluid flow in large or small sites. The microdialysis system solves the problem of treating focal tissue sites when a) there is inadequate local tissue microcirculatory system to perfuse the tissues, b) systemic toxicity of the agent is a factor, c) the agents to be delivered or removed are large, and d) any combination of the above. The apparatus can be provided as a single catheter, employing either diffusional, osmolar, or hydrostatic forces, or a plurality of catheters having one or more dedicated delivery and recovery catheters, or portions thereof, that employ similar forces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING In the Drawing: FIG. 1 shows a preferred apparatus for the treatment by transdialysis of avascular necrosis, while FIG. 1A shows a cross section of the apparatus. FIG. 2 shows longitudinal cross section taken along lines 2--2 of the apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross section of the pump reservoir of the apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG. 4 shows a preferred apparatus for use in monitoring or treating compartment syndrome, including a sheath for its placement. FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the pump reservoir of the apparatus of FIG. 4, for use in sampling the interstitial space, while FIG. 5a shows a cross sectional view of the pump reservoir. FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view, with portions cut away, of the coaxial microcatheter portion of the apparatus of FIG. 4. FIG. 7 shows the delivery sheath depicted in FIG. 4, for use in placing the apparatus. FIG. 8 shows a manifold for the recovery of interstitial fluids by the use of a plurality of delivery sheaths. FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the pump reservoir for an apparatus of FIG. 4, for therapeutic applications. FIG. 10 shows a preferred apparatus for treating cerebral edema. FIG. 11 shows the apparatus of FIG. 10 in position within the skull and brain. FIGS. 12 and 13 show alternative preferred embodiments of the microcatheter portion of the apparatus of FIG. 10. FIG. 14 shows a preferred two dimensional, dual catheter (delivery and recovery) apparatus for use in skin flap survival or subcutaneous augmentation. FIG. 15 shows a preferred fluid chamber configuration for embodiments such as that in FIG. 11, having a plurality of coaxial microcatheters. FIGS. 16 and 16A show side and top views of a preferred three dimensional dual catheter apparatus for use in treating intact tissues. FIG. 17 shows a preferred three dimensional dual catheter apparatus for use in tissue culture and tissue engineering. DETAILED DESCRIPTION As used herein, the following terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them below: The word "apparatus", when applied to the present invention, will refer to a functional combination of a pump reservoir and one or more microcatheters. The word "microcatheter", in turn, will be used to describe a capillary tube having one or more lumen and semipermeable walls or wall portions, while the term "pump reservoir" will refer to the portion(s) of an apparatus that serves to deliver and recover fluid to and from the microcatheter, and in turn to deliver fluid and/or solutes from the tissue site, whether by means of osmolar gradient, hydrostatic pressure, or diffusion, or an appropriate combination thereof. A pump reservoir will preferably have one or more reservoir compartments for holding fluids to be delivered to the microcatheter and one or more reservoir compartments for holding fluids recovered therefrom, in combination with a mechanism for effecting the flow of fluid therebetween. The word "delivery" will refer to the flow of fluid and/or solutes (e.g., biomolecules) from a pump reservoir and into a lumen of a microcather (and optionally, in turn, into surrounding tissue), while "recovery" will refer to the flow of fluid and/or solutes from a lumen of a microcatheter (on optionally, in turn, from surrounding tissue) and back to the pump reservoir. A microcatheter can be used within an apparatus of this invention for a variety of purposes, including as a microexchange catheter for either delivery or removal. A microcatheter is preferably microporous, e.g., semipermeable or microperforated. Insofar as the driving forces are concerned, the word "hydrostatic" will refer to fluid dynamics brought about by imposing a positive or negative pressure on a liquid within a microcatheter, as by the application of a microdialysis pump or vacuum, while "hyperosmolar" will refer to fluid dynamics brought about by the use of a solute of sufficient size and concentration within a microcatheter to cause osmotic flow of fluid from surrounding tissue and into, or out of, the microcatheter. In contrast, the word "diffusion" will refer to the spreading or intermixing of materials (fluids and/or solutes), due to molecular movement. Those skilled in the relevant art, given the present description, will understand the manner in which any suitable combination of hydrostatic, hyperosmolar and diffusional forces can be employed to deliver and recover fluids and/or solutes using microcatheters in the manner provided herein. In general, the method and apparatus of this invention can be used in a site specific manner to achieve any of a number of goals, including to remove excess fluid (and thereby reduce interstitial pressure and improve microcirculation), and to deliver and/or recover agents to or from various parts of the body. An example of an osmolar (e.g., hyperosmolar) microcatheter apparatus of this invention includes a coaxial microcatheter in which a hyperosmolar perfusate is delivered by hydrostatic (i.e., pressure) means to the distal end of a coaxial microcatheter assembly, whereupon it returns to the pump reservoir together with tissue fluid that is recovered through the semipermeable outer membrane of the assembly by osmosis. Optionally, and preferably, the hyperosmolar perfusate itself contains a sufficiently high concentration of one or more agents to allow the agent to be delivered through the semipermeable membrane and into the tissue by diffusion or other forces. Examples of the use of hydrostatic and diffusion microcatheters include, respectively, the dual catheter and transdialysis embodiments described below. Osteonecrosis refers to the in situ death of cells within a bone segment, e.g., due to or resulting in a lack of blood flow. The circulation of the femoral head, for instance, is supplied by vessels that pass in a retrograde fashion within the femoral neck. This makes the femoral head particularly vulnerable to AVN from a variety of process that interrupt this blood supply. In infants and children AVN is seen as a consequence of trauma or the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia or slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Spontaneous AVN of the femoral head in children is known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. In adults, AVN occurs as the result of trauma or is associated with a variety of disorders including hematologic or autoimmune diseases, corticosteroid therapy, coagulation disorder, alcoholism, barotrauma, and disorders of lipid metabolism. The invention will be further described with reference to the Drawing, wherein FIGS. 1 through 3 provide an apparatus for treating osteonecrosis that employs different portions of a single catheter to perform transdialysis, in which a patient's own endogenous factors and/or mediators (autologous agents) and other soluble factors are used to promote healing or growth in an affected area. Applicant has discovered, for instance, that early stage AVN can be managed by augmenting current initial treatments (e.g., core decompression) with a apparatus of this invention in order to both reduce interstitial edema and to continuously deliver growth factors. Biological agents can be either endogenous (transdialysis) or exogenous (e.g., delivered by diffusion from within the perfusate). In particular, the apparatus is designed to employ microcirculation to perform "transdialysis", by the recovery and delivery of factors such as biological mediators and stimulating factors between different portions (e.g., healthy and injured) of the tissue. FIG. 1 shows an apparatus (10) having both a microcatheter component (12) and a delivery pump reservoir (14). The cross sectional and magnified views shown in FIGS. 1A and 2, respectively, show that delivery lumen (16) and recovery lumen (18) are separated by impermeable barrier (20) and surrounded by semipermeable membrane (22). Optionally, the delivery and recovery lumen (in the form of conduits or passageways) can be provided in any suitable form, e.g. in the form of discrete microporous catheters, separated by a barrier to separate and prevent direct contact between the two. Such an embodiment can be used for a variety of applications, e.g., the repair of necrotic bone brought about by avascular necrosis. As shown in FIG. 1, for instance, the proximal region of bone is healthy bone, while the distal portion is diseased. The microcatheter is positioned within the bone with its distal surfaces in the injured region and its proximal surfaces in healthy bone. Once in place, the surfaces of microcatheter (12) serve a variety of roles, as determined by their location within the tissue (e.g., bone) and along the flow path of delivered fluid. In order, these roles include: a surface (22a) that serves to accumulate and remove biological stimulating factors (identified by o's) from the region of injured bone and transport them to surface 22(b), whereupon the factors are released into healthy bone, where they serve to stimulate the natural production of healing factors (identified by .DELTA.'s). The healing factors, in turn, are then accumulated and removed by portion (22c) and carried back into the region of injured bone, where they are themselves able to diffuse out from portion (22d) of the microcatheter surface. In such an embodiment the delivery and removal functions can be accomplished by any suitable means. Preferably, the delivery function is accomplished by diffusion brought about in the course of hydrostatic flow, while the removal function is accomplished by either hydrostatic or hyperosmolar forces. Optionally, and particularly where both functions (delivery and recovery) are accomplished by hydrostatic forces, the pumps used to produce those forces are separately controllable such that the flow can be balanced or otherwise adjusted between the two, to the point where one or the other pump can be turned off altogether to permit single catheter delivery or removal alone. FIG. 3 shows a preferred pump configuration for use with the microcatheter of FIG. 1. It can be seen that pump (14) includes both a substantially rigid external bulb (24) and an elastomeric internal bulb (26) containing the fluid (28) to be delivered to the tissue. The fluid can be of any suitable type, e.g., normal saline, Ringer's Lactate, or the like, optionally including medicaments or other therapeutic agents. A hypertonic solution (30) is positioned in the cavity between external bulb (24) and internal bulb (26), which is retained in position, in part, by a semipermeable barrier (32) positioned between the hypertonic solution (30) and the recovery lumen (18). Optionally, and preferably, a fluid resistor (34) can be positioned between the fluid reservoir and the delivery lumen (16) in order to control flow. In use, fluid (28) is delivered to the microcatheter through lumen (16) by hydrostatic pressure, which initially is caused by osmotic pressure of fluid flowing from recovery lumen (18) and into the chamber containing hypertonic solution (30). More preferably, the apparatus is provided with an activation mechanism to control the onset of flow. In the course of use, the fluid that returns from the microcatheter via lumen (18) enters the space occupied by the hypertonic solution, causing it to swell. This swelling, in turn, further compresses elasomeric bulb (26), resulting in the delivery of additional fluid. The contents of either or both chambers can be provided with external access means (e.g., needle ports) in order replenish or remove their contents, and recharge the apparatus in situ. An apparatus for the treatment and monitoring of compartment syndrome will be described with reference to the Drawing, wherein FIGS. 4 through 9 show a preferred apparatus (40) for such purposes. Apparatus (40) can itself be provided in a number of optional embodiments, depending for instance on the type of reservoir used, including an embodiment for use in monitoring the site and another embodiment for use in treating the site. FIG. 4, in particular, shows an apparatus (40) positioned in place within delivery sheath (42), which in turn is positioned subcutaneously in a site suspected to exhibit compartment syndrome. FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of the microcatheter portion (44) of apparatus (40), while FIGS. 5 and 5A show perspective and cross sectional views, respectively, of a preferred reservoir (46) for monitoring the site. FIG. 7 shows an isolated view of the delivery sheath (42) itself, and FIG. 9 shows a preferred reservoir (60) for treating the site by delivering a hyperosmolar solution to the site. FIG. 8 shows an optional apparatus (70) for use in reducing pressure within the site, that includes a plurality of sheaths as shown in FIG. 7, connected to a manifold and source of negative pressure. In use, delivery sheath (42) is inserted into a desired position subcutaneously, whereupon the apparatus (40) assembly is inserted into the sheath. As seen in FIG. 7, the sheath is preferably of a size and configuration that will permit it to be inserted into the body, and having walls sufficiently permeable (e.g., as shown having longitudinal grooves (43)) to permit the desired (e.g., uninhibited) flow of fluids within the tissue and between the tissue and microcatheter. With the sheath in position it can be used for a variety of sequential steps, including to first monitor the site in order to diagnose compartment syndrome, and thereafter to treat the site by the reduction of pressure, and optionally, the delivery of medicaments or other agents. As seen in FIG. 6, a preferred microcatheter (44) for such use is provided in the form of coaxial lumen, including an inner lumen (50) surrounded by an outer lumen (52). Inner lumen (50) is sufficiently shorter than the outer lumen (52) in order to provide for fluid communication between the two lumen at the distal end chamber (54). Inner lumen (50) is preferably formed of an impermeable material, in order to assure that the delivered fluid (and any solutes therein) traverse the entire length of the lumen. Outer lumen (52), in contrast, is formed of a semipermeable material to provide a microcatheter of the type described herein. Optionally, and preferably, a microcatheter of this (or other suitable) type can be used to both monitor and treat the site, by the use of reservoir portions adapted for such use. For instance, apparatus (40) can be used to first monitor the site by sampling the interstitial fluid, since ischemia is generally associated with either increased pressure or a lowering of pH within the affected tissue. As seen in FIG. 5, a preferred monitoring reservoir can include a number of optional features, such as a chemical or metabolic (e.g., pH) indicator portion (56) and a pressure indicator (58). In the event compartment syndrome is indicated, a new microcatheter/reservoir assembly can be positioned in the sheath in order to deliver a hyperosmolar solution and reduce pressure in the site. As seen in FIG. 9, therapeutic reservoir (60) is fabricated having an elastomeric outer balloon (62) and an impermeable elastomeric inner balloon (64) containing a hyperosmolar solution (66), which in turn optionally contains therapeutic agents. Positioned between balloons (62) and (64) is a fluid reservoir (68). Upon flow of solution (66) from the inner balloon, through the coaxial microcatheter, and back to fluid reservoir (68), the inner balloon is able to contract by virtue of its natural elasticity (and further deliver fluid via hydrostatic means) as the outer balloon expands to accommodate the increasing volume of recovered fluid. Optionally, and as shown in FIG. 9, the outer balloon also includes one or more needle ports (70) that permit the user to sample or remove the contents of the outer balloon (68). Returning briefly to FIG. 8, there is shown an apparatus for use in by negative pressure. The apparatus (70) includes a manifold and fluid collecting reservoir (72) that is operably connected via conduit (74) to a source of negative pressure (not shown) and to a plurality of microcatheter or other recovery conduits. Preferably, the microcatheters are provided in the form of porous or open sheaths, such as the sheath shown in FIG. 7 with respect to the placement of microcatheter assemblies. Turning next to FIGS. 10 through 13 there is shown preferred embodiments of an apparatus (80) for use in treating cerebral edema. Apparatus (80) includes a generally hollow and cylindrical rigid portion (82), which in turn is comprised of stepped down portions (84) and (86), for traversing the soft tissue and skull, respectively. Positioned within portion (82) is a telescoping portion (88), which in turn is dimensioned to retain a plurality of microcatheters (90). In use, rigid portion (82) is positioned through the surrounding tissue and within the skull, whereupon telescoping portion (88) is positioned into the brain to the desired point. Once in place, microcatheter portions (90) are themselves positioned (e.g., splayed) from the distal end of telescoping portion (88) to their final position within the brain. The microcatheters, in turn, can be of any suitable type as described herein. FIG. 12, for instance, shows a preferred embodiment in which a coaxial recover microcatheter (92) is provided, having inner lumen (93) and outer microporous lumen (95), together with a solid polymeric tip (94), which is optionally fluted or otherwise shaped to facilitate placement. Such a microcathter can be used to deliver hyperosmolar solutions in the manner described above. FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment (96) in which one or more recovery microcatheters are used, having central guidewires (98) and solid polymeric tips (100) to facilitate placement and use. FIGS. 14 through 17 show a variety of preferred embodiments of dual- and higher-catheter arrangements for both in vivo use, e.g., in the treatment of skin flaps and solid tumors, and for in vitro use, e.g., for tissue culture and regeneration. FIG. 14, for instance, shows a preferred embodiment of a dual catheter assembly (110) having a plurality of recovery catheters (112), connected to a recovery pump reservoir (not shown) laying in parallel to a plurality of delivery fibers (114), similarly connected to a delivery pump reservoir. The catheters themselves can take any suitable form, e.g., in the form of hollow (and optionally open ended) microporous catheters (of the type shown in FIG. 13, optionally having a central guide wire). Preferably, one or more of the delivery catheters is provided in the form of a coaxial catheter, of the type shown in FIG. 12, in order to facilitate the establishment of convective flow between delivery and recovery fibers by providing the flow of fluid in each in a single desired direction. FIG. 15, in turn, shows a representative apparatus (120) showing the relationship of delivered and recovered fluid chambers, e.g., for use in combination with a coaxial microcatheter assembly as shown in FIG. 11. Such an apparatus can be used for other applications as well, such as placement into tissue by use of A plurality of porous microcatheters (122), preferably of the coaxial type described herein, are positioned to splay out from the body (124). Body (124), in turn, supports fluid chambers (126) and (128) for containing, respectively, fluid for delivery and recovered fluid. The fluid delivery chamber (126) is itself shown as attachable to a pump reservoir (not shown) containing the fluid to be delivered. Fluid recovery chamber (128), in turn, is shown attachable to a reservoir (not shown) for containing or removing the recovered fluid. The interior passageways (130) of each catheter can be attached to a manifold positioned within fluid delivery chamber (126), while the exterior passagewayss are positioned within the fluid recovery chamber (128). In use, the splayed coaxial microcatheters can be positioned with a suitable tissue or material and there used to both deliver fluid via the interior passageway, and recover fluid from the surrounding medium by means of the outer passageway, and semipermeable nature of the outer wall. Optionally, and preferably, microcatheters used in this invention can have regions of varying characteristics, including varying porosity, rigidity, and the like, for instance those that vary between sequential and adjacent, or suitably spaced, longitudinal sections, or in or any other suitable pattern. Such variations can be used, for instance, in a size exclusion fashion to improve or provide the ability to retain or permit the passage of solutes of varying sizes in a predetermined manner. Such variations can also be used to provide regions of greater rigidity or varying structure (e.g., fluted), in order facilitate their placement in tissue. Such variations can also include the incorporation of means (e.g., radioopaque materials) to facilitate the visualization of implanted catheters. FIGS. 16 and 16A show a representative embodiment of an apparatus (140) of this invention for use in treating tissue. Disc portion (142) is used to retain one or more delivery conduits (144) as well as one or more (and preferably a plurality of) recovery conduits (146) in the form of microcatheters. The recovery microcatheters, in turn, can be connected to manifold arrangement (not shown, but preferably positioned within disc (142)), and can be finally removed via recovery conduit (148). FIG. 16A shows a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 16, showing a preferred arrangement in which a plurality recovery conduits (e.g., six, in order to provide a desired hexagonal configuration) are positioned in and equidistant fashion from a single delivery conduit. In use, the apparatus of FIG. 16 is preferably positioned with its recovery microcatheters positioned within a desired site such as tissue, and the disc portion and/or delivery conduit positioned either within or outside the body. Such an embodiment is particularly well suited to treating three dimensional areas such as tumors, in order to both deliver fluid containing therapeutic agents and recover fluid from the site as well. Finally, FIG. 17 shows a representative dual catheter embodiment for the use in tissue culture and tissue engineering. The apparatus (150) includes a block of material (152) suitable for providing a framework (e.g., cell scaffold) for the growth of cells or tissue. Examples of such materials include, for instance, hydroxyapatite, polymeric matrices, and biologically acceptable ceramics. Positioned within the block are one or more delivery microcatheters (154) and one or more recovery microcatheters (156). In use, the block can be seeded with cells and incubated under conditions suitable to facilitate the growth of such cells or tissue. In the course of incubation, the delivery and recovery systems can be employed to provide the cells with required nutrients and remove waste and other products. The cells can be incubated in vitro, or the apparatus can be implanted into the tissue with the catheters attached, and incubation can proceed in vivo. Once the cells or tissue have grown to a desired degree (e.g., confluence), a block that has been incubated in vitro can be implanted in the body as a tissue substitute. Optionally, and preferably the block is shaped (either prior to or after cell growth) for its intended purpose. Pump reservoirs suitable for use in an apparatus in the present invention can take any suitable form, including those used externally from the body and those implanted within it. See, for example, "Primer: High-technology i.v. infusion devices", J. S. Kwan, Amer. J Hosp. Pharm. 46:320-335,(1989), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such infusion devices can be classified according to a number of criteria, including the use of pressure, the mechanism of operation peristaltic systems, syringe pumps, cassette systems, elastomeric reservoir, the frequency of delivery (e.g., continuous, intermittent multiple rate programmable, and those responsive to physiologic conditions or status), and whether they are intended for institutional or ambulatory settings. An implantable apparatus of this invention, including pump component, can be implanted in any suitable manner, including intravenous, intra-arterial, epidural, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. Such an apparatus is effectively self-powered to deliver fluid in a desired manner (e.g., rate) over a desired period of time. When attached to a microcatheter, such pumps can be used for infusion or targeted delivery to any organ or tissue, including bone. Such pumps can be in the form of a continuous infusion pump that provides predictable delivery at controlled rate, and can be adapted to permit discontinuous or intermittent delivery. An example of a suitable pump is the pump system available under the tradename ALZET from Alza Corporation. Such pumps operate by virtue of an osmotic pressure difference between a compartment within the pump (referred to as the "salt sleeve") and the tissue environment into which the pump is implanted. The high osmolality of the salt sleeve causes water to flux into the pump through an outer, semipermeable membrane. As the water enters, it compresses the reservoir, displacing the solution from the reservoir at a controlled, predetermined rate. The rate of solution delivery is controlled by the rate at which water enters the semipermeable membrane and compresses the reservoir. The volume rate delivery of such a pump can be fixed during manufacture. Accordingly, the rate of delivery of any therapeutic or other agent that contained within the reservoir can be adjusted by varying its concentration in that solution. Such pumps include, from the interior outwardly, a reservoir having a delivery portal and being surrounded by an impermeable reservoir wall, which in turn is surrounded by an osmotic agent and in turn a semipermeable membrane to the aqueous environment. In their intended application, a protein solution is provided in the reservoir to be gradually released through the delivery portal by the pressure of the solution containing osmotic agent as it takes up liquid and swells. Optionally, such pumps can include the use of accessory components, such as infusion kits (catheters for attachment to the delivery portal) to target the delivery to particular locations remote from the pump itself. The apparatus of this invention can be provided in the form of one or more kits, including a kit in which an apparatus is provided in combination with (e.g., prefilled with) one or more solutions (e.g., of the types described herein) in the pump reservoir, and a kit in which one or more apparatuses are provided together (e.g., the monitoring and therapeutic apparatuses described with respect to compartment syndrome), optionally in combination with a delivery sheath and/or an assembly for removing interstitial fluid (e.g., as shown in FIG. 8). In each such kit, the relative amounts of materials and/or dimensions of components can be predetermined and related for application to a particular site or condition. Suitable materials for use as hollow fibers of the present invention provide an optimal combination of such properties as mass transfer properties, biocompatability, surface-to-volume ratio, processability, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, strength, transport rate, and porosity. Examples of suitable hollow fibers are described, for instance, I. Cabasso, "Hollow-Fiber Membranes", pp 598-599 in Kirk Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. The dimensions of a hollow fiber will depend largely on the intended use of the apparatus. In a number of preferred embodiments, a hollow fiber will be provided in the form of a capillary having an outer diameter of less than about one centimeter, and preferably less than about three millimeter, and whose outer, tissue contacting, wall functions as a semipermeable membrane. These fibers can be used singly or can be grouped into bundles, e.g. containing several hundred or several thousand. In most cases, a hollow fiber will be used as a cylindrical membrane in a manner that permits selective exchange of materials across its walls. In some cases, however, the fiber will optionally (or also) be used as a `container` to effect the controlled release of materials from the fiber, or as a `reactor` to chemically modify a permeant as it diffuses through a chemically activated wall. Hollow fibers of this invention can therefore be characterized as either being `open`, in which gas or liquid permeates across the fiber wall, while flow of the lumen medium is not restricted, or as being "loaded" such that the lumen is itself filled with an immobilized solid or liquid. Microcatheters can be prepared in any suitable manner, e.g., by microperforating an otherwise intact capillary or by spinning hollow fiber membranes from natural or synthetic polymers. Such fibers can be formed having any desired characteristics, e.g., isotropic (dense or porous) and anisotropic (assymetric). Examples of suitable materials for use as microcatheters of this invention include, but are not limited to, microinfusion tubing such as polyethylene tubing available from Clay Adams under the designations PE-10 (0.28 mm/0.61 mm, inner and outer diameters), PE-20 (0.38 mm/1.09 mm), PE-50 (0.58 mm/0.965 mm) and PE-90 (0.86 mm/1.27 mm). Such tubing can be microperforated by any suitable means, such as lasers and the like. Other examples of suitable materials include microdialysis fibers such as those identified in the following table: __________________________________________________________________________ Ultrafiltration Interior Wall Rate(mL/min)/ Diameter Thickness Surface Area Types Manufacturer Catalog No. (um) (um) (sq. meter) __________________________________________________________________________ Cuprophan Baxter unknown 200 8 unknown Haemodialysis Products Hemophan Baxter unknown unknown FoCus 160- Haemodialysis H Products Spectra/Por Spectrum #132-200 through 200 25-15-20 Regenerated 23022 La 132-313 Cellulose Cadena Drive, membrane types vary according to m.w., volume, pH,, and chemical compatibility Cellulose Baxter CT-190 series 200 unknownwn Triacetate Haemodialysis #5M1546 CT-190 Products CT-110-190 also available Cellulose Baxter CA-170 series unknown unknown unknown Acetate Haemodialysis #5M-1735 CA-170 Products CA-150-CA-170 series also available Polysulfone Fresenius F60 series 40/1.3 Hemoflow #0500136A F-60A F3-6,8, 40-80 series High Flux also available Polyacrylo- Gambro-Health unknown unknown unknown nitrile (PAN) __________________________________________________________________________ The method and apparatus of this invention can be applied to a number of clinical conditions, including: 1) conditions such as reperftision injury or osteoradionecrosis, where the microcirculation is disrupted and thus the delivery of blood-borne agents is impaired, 2) conditions where tissue levels are inadequate because there is a systemic toxicity of agents such as antibiotics or antimetabolytes, and 3) conditions in which large, poorly diffusible molecules (antibodies, growth factors, enzymes, and genetic vectors) must be delivered to the interstitium. In turn, the appartus of this invention can be used for a variety of applications, including edema therapy, e.g., by hydrostatic or osmolar forces, in sites such as skin flap survival, compartment syndrome, cerebral edema, stroke and ischemic heart disease. Similarly, the apparatus can be used for interstitial therapy, e.g., by diffusional or hydrostatic forces, in bone microdialysis for osteoporosis, to deliver agents directly to bone, for autologous transdialysis, for interpositional bone grafts, in normal adjacent bone to dialyze growth factors, for growth factors that diffluse out in graft, and for skin flaps or grafts. In yet another embodiment, the apparatus can be used for bone marrow chemoprotection, e.g., by placing the catheter into bone marrow, to increase perfusion pressure during intravenous infusion, or to perfuse with cell culture media The method and apparatus of the present invention allows interstitial delivery and/or removal of solvent and/or solute in finite tissue spaces, without reliance on an intact microcirculatory system. Specific immediate applications include the treatment of compartment syndrome and cerebral edema, prevention of tissue necrosis of skin flaps and grafts, and infusion of large molecules (immunoglobulins or genetic vectors), antibiotics, growth factors, and chemotherapeutic agents to a specific site. Other uses include site specific treatment of osteoporosis (i.e., femoral neck), protection of bone marrow spaces during infusion of chemotherapy, and development and implantation of large three dimensional bone grafts based on a hydroxyapatite scaffolding. Yet other uses include tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, and soft tissue implants. An engineered block as described herein, for a can be fabricated in a form that can be attached to a prosthetic implant and the combination implanted into the body. For instance, a block can be engineered as a bone replacement and attached to an other prosthetic component and the combination implanted with the engineered portion serving as the interface between the implant and the body. A number of other conditions that rely on circulation can benefit as well from application of the present method and apparatus, including solid tumor cancer treatment, heart disease, and liver failure. With regard to cancer, the ability to treat solid tumors by chemotherapy poses at least two challenges. The first challenge arises by virtue of the poor circulation that exists in older, more central areas of many tumors, which in turn means that agents administered systematically will not penetrate well or kill all tumor cells. Second, are problems having to do with the inherent toxicity of many, or most, chemotherapeutic agents. Although such agents are generally intended to cause cellular injury, their effect is desired only on tumor cells and not in healthy host tissues. Both of these problems can be exacerbated by poorly perfused central tumor cells, which will not effectively take up the chemotherapy. This, in turn, requires an increased dose and greater collateral cellular damage. The method and apparatus of this invention can be used to provide site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, including for agents having particular toxicity. Preferably, an apparatus for treating cancer will be in a dual catheter arrangement as described herein, with the conduit and active portion of the microexchange catheters customized to the location and size of the tumor. In the treatment of heart disease there has been considerable interest recently in laser revascularization of the myocardium in patients having coronary artery disease. The laser addresses microcirculatory impairment. A large part of the success of the procedure has to do with draining extracellular fluid. We have shown in ischemic tissue of skin flaps, interstitial osmolarity increases along with the edema, so a solute load on the interstitial space is an important part of ischemic tissue reperfusion. Microdialysis catheters have been able to remove a hypertonic effluent from skin flaps, thereby not only reducing edema, but reducing solute load of the interstitial space. Microcatheters of an apparatus of this invention can be placed with minimal exposure or morbidity into the myocardium, producing the same benefits of the laser treatment but with even lower cost and morbidity. A preferred microcatheter apparatus of this invention, for use in treating the heart, is similar to that described above with respect to cerebral edema (both for fluid removal after ischemia), provided that the heart apparatus would preferably employ a small pliable connection tubing such as silicon to prevent tissue damage while the heart is beating. Finally, liver failure is not a common problem, but is a lethal condition. Treatment options are limited. Liver transplantation is a morbid operation and donors are limited. There are commercial entities pursuing the development of bioartificial livers, which have been shown to be technically feasible, but are limited to extracorporeal use. The method and apparatus of the present invention, however, can be used to create an implantable artificial liver. The technical challenge to this endeavor is having sufficient vascularity of the implant to allow meaningful perfusion of hepatocytes. It is conceivable that microdialysis fibers, angiogenic growth factors, and actual vascular anastomoses to cultured vessels will make an implantable liver possible. A preferred apparatus for treating the liver will be in the form of a three-dimensional apparatus as described above in the context of tissue engineering, preferably also including the use of resorbable scaffoldling, such as resorbable hydroxyapatite. Other forms of organogenesis, such as the growth of islet cells for diabetics, will be made possible as well. * * * * *
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text:
Turkish welterweight star Selcuk Aydin got really upset when he read speculations about Andre Bertos next possible opponents without his name even mentioned.
"How can Berto and his promoter even talk to and about guys like Ortiz when they know exactly that they have to fight me first?", asks Aydin who is currently in his hometown Trabzon (Turkey) where he already started training for his world title fight. "This is very disrespectful and really pisses me off.. They know exactly that I am the mandatory challenger. I stepped aside once and allowed them an easy win over a stiff. Now they want to take the easy way out again by just discussing possible fights and completely ignoring me. I dont understand this kind of behaviour."
Selcuk Aydin has been waiting for his title shot for one and a half years now and has earned his right to fight for the title the hard way. He won two elimination bouts against Said Ouali (April 2009) and Jackson Bonsu (July 2009) and beat "Jo-Jo" Dan Ion in a very close and exciting fight for the vacant WBC silver championship in June 2010 to secure his mandatory status.
Originally WBC welterwelight titlist Andre Berto was due to fight Aydin in November last year. Aydin and his co-promoters ARENA Sports-Promotion and Don King allowed the champ and his promoter Lou DiBella to voluntarily fight Freddy Hernandez in an intermediate bout. Still all parties agreed that the mandatory defense would be next without any other fights in between.
"If Berto still wants to duck me after almost two years he should just relinquish the title", states Aydin. "When I read about these plans of fighting some other guys I have lost all respect for him. He is not a real champion. He doesnt fulfil his obligations. He should stop wearing the belt that I should have stripped from him a long time ago. I wonder how he can even look into the mirror."
The WBC has ordered a purse bid for the mandatory championship fight between Aydin and Berto to take place on Friday, January 28th 2010 in Mexico if the parties cannot reach an agreement until that date.
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text:
hi..can u help me
MySQL restore function in java - JDBC
MySQL restore function in java I would like to import to a database .sql file. It is possible with the use of mysql administrator, however I would like to do the same with the use of java.Is it possible?If yes, how to do
MySQL NOT IN
MySQL NOT IN
In this section we will read about how to use the NOT IN function in MySQL
with a simple example.
MySQL NOT IN() function specifies... will demonstrate you about how to use
MySQL not in() function. In this example we
you need to download the mysql-connector jar file for connecting java program from mysql database.......
Hi friend,
MySQL is open source database... is the link for the page from where you can understand how to Download and Install MySQL
MySQL Aggregate Function
MySQL Aggregate Function
This example illustrates how use the aggregate function in the MySQL
In this example we use the aggregate function ('COUNT
Mysql Left Function
Mysql Left Function
Mysql Left Function is used to return the leftmost string... to learn an example from 'Mysql Left Function'.To
understand this example,we
Mysql Left Function
Mysql Left Function
Mysql Left Function is used to return the leftmost string character from... from 'Mysql Left Function'.
understand this example, we simply create
MySQL random
) function to fetch records from the database.
Firstly we will explain the use of RAND...
MySQL random
In MySQL we can get the random records by using the method
RAND() of MySQL
Mysql Lpad Function
an example from 'Mysql Lpad Function'. To understand
this example we use...
Mysql Lpad Function
Mysql Lpad Function is used to add padding to the left end of the string
Mysql Lpad Function
Mysql Lpad Function
Mysql Lpad Function is used to add padding to the left end...
The Tutorial understand an example from 'Mysql Lpad Function'.To understand
mysql-java i try to execute this code
stmt1.executeUpdate("insert... the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use...)
at Mydb.main(Mydb.java:111)
Java Result: 1
please help me to find the error


text:
Thunder overcome late rally by Clippers to win a physical one in Los Angeles
Mar 3, 2013, 7:07 PM EDT
The Thunder and the Clippers are likely second round playoff opponents, should neither team be able to overtake the Spurs for the number one overall seed in the Western Conference. If it ends up happening, and if Sunday's contest at Staples Center was any indication, we'd be in for a battle of epic proportions.
Oklahoma City led by as many as 19 points late in the third, before L.A. staged a furious comeback. Things were tight, physical, and chippy down the stretch, with a flagrant foul by Serge Ibaka on Blake Griffin — and its aftermath — among the deciding factors. In the end, the Thunder hung on for a thrilling 108-104 victory that snapped the Clippers' four-game winning streak.
It was a sleepy first half for the Clippers, who started off slowly and trailed by as many as 16 points early. Chris Paul opened just 1-of-7 from the field, and the Thunder were getting whatever they wanted offensively.
It took some time, but Paul woke up, and sparked a 15-5 run to end the third by scoring nine points during that span to cut the Thunder lead to single digits.
The Clippers cut the lead to two with just over six minutes remaining, thanks to a 10-0 run that was sparked by a curious substitution from Thunder coach Scott Brooks. He sat Russell Westbrook in favor of Reggie Jackson, and Jackson missed a long three-pointer and committed a turnover to help fuel L.A.'s comeback.
The Thunder had the lead back up to seven, before consecutive corner threes from Matt Barnes had the game back within reach for the Clippers. And that's when things went off the rails.
Ibaka and Griffin were engaged in a physical battle in the paint for the entire game, and Ibaka crossed the line with the Thunder leading by three and 1:52 remaining. With a downward chopping motion, Ibaka swung and landed a hit to Griffin's groin with his right arm, resulting in an initial ruling of a flagrant foul one by the officials.
The referees reviewed the play, and the call stood. But the rule book defines what Ibaka did as a "punching foul," which should come with it an automatic ejection. Ibaka was allowed to stay in the game, and he made two key plays down the stretch that sealed the win for his team.
Initially, the foul call benefited the Clippers, as they scored seven points on a single possession (the three from Barnes, the technical free throw, and another three from Jamal Crawford) to take a one-point lead.
But as Ibaka was allowed to stay in the game, he scored inside on an and-one play where he was fouled by Griffin with under a minute remaining. It was Griffin's sixth foul, so he was done for the afternoon.
Then, Ibaka blocked a layup attempt from Matt Barnes with seven seconds remaining that would have cut the Thunder lead back down to two.
Big win for the Thunder, and a valiant effort by the Clippers to come back and compete after falling behind by so much so early.
We can only hope that the playoff bracket looks in April the way it does today, so we can see many more games between these two teams as early as the postseason's second round.
- rodgersmvp - Mar 3, 2013 at 7:14 PM
I'm honestly shocked he wasn't ejected.
- ron05342 - Mar 3, 2013 at 7:44 PM
Griffin is going be squeaking all night long.
Nice slam dunk on his penis, Ibaka. Stay classy.
- BigBeachBall - Mar 3, 2013 at 10:24 PM
chauncey sucks
- dko83 - Mar 3, 2013 at 10:24 PM
A glimpse into how awesome the WC playoffs are going to be this year. Can't wait.
- badintent - Mar 4, 2013 at 2:21 AM
Ya, no drama since Lakers sit it out. . ..
- jolink653 - Mar 4, 2013 at 11:23 AM
Where's that kid who kept mouthing off about how the Clippers were "far and away better" than the Thunder? Goes to show you that the Thunder are the better team, and probably the best in the West right now
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text:
Nandita Sridhar
Tight security at the Nehru Stadium for the ODI
Guwahati: Guwahati's last full-length international action involving India goes as far back as Dinesh Mongia's slaughterhouse innings against Zimbabwe in March 2002.
Since then, international activity has been confined to a Trans-Tasmanian encounter in 2003 and crowd violence following an abandoned India match (due to wet outfield) against England last year.
With no sign of rain in the last 15 days, the first match of the Indian Oil Cup between India and Pakistan is all set to begin.
Befittingly blown-up posters of Indian and Pakistani cricketers were put up in proximity to the Nehru Stadium, as the city gears up for Monday's match. One rickshawallah chose the logistical comforts of chauffeuring a two-dimensional Indian XI over the real one, not that he was offered the luxury of choice.
For a city starved of action after last year's abandonment, this was the chance to make up for it.
Once inside the stadium, the all-pervasive police presence made it clear that there would be no compromise on security.
A huge number of policemen and women patrolled areas surrounding the stadium, and other parts of the city.
"We have taken appropriate security measures in view of the situation here.
The CRPF and the State police battalion are involved in providing security. We are executing things as per instructions received," said G.P. Singh, DIG, Western Range.
Around 250 Pakistanis are expected to arrive in the city for the match, but the DIG said that there would be no separate enclosure for them.
"We have increased security across the city to make sure things go smoothly," he added.
The cement seats in the stadium are expected to hold more than twenty to twenty five thousand people on Monday.
Batsman-friendly pitch
Assam Cricket Association curator Sunil Baruah labelled the wicket a "300-plus" one, which should delight those thousands that will turn up.
Traditionally, Guwahati has never been a high-scoring venue. Morning due tends to play its part in disrupting top-order batting plans.
Only twice have teams scored 300 or more in an innings in 11 matches. But Baruah was confident that the wicket would suit batting. "It's a good wicket. I expect a total of more than 300."
Umpire Ian Gould said that the match would commence at 8.30 a.m. on Monday and ideally finish before sunset (which usually happens at 4.15 p.m.).
Teams may skip practice
The teams are likely to arrive on Sunday morning and will most likely skip practice.
With the amount of cricket that India and Pakistan have played recently, a practice camp in Kolkata and a practice match against Delhi respectively, should suffice as preparation for the series opener.


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goldenbranches 26-30, F 9 Answers 4 Jun 16, 2012
I agree with stone. First impression is really important specially when you're aiming for success.
Best Answer
no most people give a bad first impression. people are pretending to be someone else most of the time and you have to get to know them to get an insight into who they really are.
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Nope. If so then I wouldn't like a bunch of people.
Best Answer
very seldom does the first impression last if you get to know a person with any familiarity
Best Answer
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In this project you don't need to buy a whole new bowl, you just reuse your dog's regular bowl. If you are worried that you have to drill, nail, or put glue on the bowl, don't be concerned. This project doesn't do anything to the bowl.
One important thing though, make sure you KEEP THE TOP OF THE 2L BOTTLE!
NOTE: This Watering Bowl was designed, built, and written-up to share on Instructables, by my 11-year old daughter. It's important that I give credit where credit is due, so any and all praise goes to her... the suggestions and critiques as well. It turned out really well, and I'm quite proud of the fact that she wanted to share how she did it here. Nice work super girl! What's your next invention going to be? #proudDad
Step 1: Materials
-2 by 4 piece of wood about 16 inches long
-1 by 6 piece of wood about 12 inches long
-2L bottle
-Dog dish
-Velcro tape (2 pieces of fuzzy sided, 2 pieces of hooked sided)
-Nails (3)
-Wood glue
-Wood clamp
-Spray paint or stain (optional)
Step 2: Outline the Position of the Board
Step 3: Glue and Clamp
HELP! I want to make something like this that will take 5 gallon Culligan delivered water. I cant believe such a thing isn't sold... but I checked and its not. The "hduo" product is the closest thing and they have gone out of business. I simply want to exchange the water jug every few 3-7 days or however long it takes for the dogs to drink that much water. There are plenty of 'refillable' devices, but they all get dirty and nasty and are difficult to clean.
Erin, I bought one of these for my dogs, and when I accidentally dropped and broke the 4 gallon jug that came with it, I was able to successfully use a 5gal water jug as a replacement. Hope this helps, they're great to use when you have 2 or 3 large water guzzling dogs :)
this is cool not only is this a cool science trick but it helps with every day life
I think this is terrific. Just a couple of additional ideas. If you used a clear plastic tube attached to the bottle, you could then just attach the bottle to a brick wall (I want to put mine in the patio where it's cool & I can keep an eye on it) ...so I thought I could just attach a piece of wood on the wall & add the Velcro to bottle & wood, or use a metal clamp (like plumbers use for pipes) that the bottle can just be dropped into it. Use a nut & bolt on one side so that you can loosen it when changing the bottle, depending on how tight you want it to be. This would then allow you to use any sized bottle, as long as you can find a clamp to fit it. Then attach a similar, but small clamp, on the inside of the metal water bowl to hold the tube in place so that the animal can't push it out. This would be essential if going away for a day or two. You could also put a small hole in the top of the bottle (when upside down) to fit a funnel into the hole. No need to remove the bottle to refill this way.
NB Clear tube so that you can see if it's getting grungy ..& cork or rubber bung to fit into the bottle hole for the clear tube. These should be easy enough to find at hardware stores, or just use a cork, or a drill a hole in the bottle cap.
But I wanted to ask something
I also made a dog water bowl filler but in my case i connected a hose to the bottom of the bottle and dipped the other end in the water bowl
It's the same principle but my bottle just crushed and all the water over flowed
The bottle crises under the vacuum created by water
What can do to stop it from crushing
If you freeze the bottle of water it will provide ice cold water for your pets
Nicely done!!! Many kuddos!!!
Awesome job
i've utilized the same concept for an automatic toilet bowl cleaner!!!
PS - I always save the tops as there are so many craft ideas for using them!!
Thanks a lot for sharing, Lis
I even use white vinegar to clean the rabbit cages. It disinfects every thing with out chemicals that could hurt the rabbits. Gets rid of urine stains & makes the cage look new! (Except the scratch marks on the plastic.)
For *actual* cleaning your obviously need more than a small amount of diluted vinegar. And please note: this is NOT for hospital level "kill everything with fire" sterilization. It is simply a way to keep your animal's things cleaned.
Second note would be to actually have a strap of the velcro wrap around the bottle. If you are away for a good while, you don't want the poochies to be without water because the bottle fell. My dogs have actually knocked my bottle off b4.
Super Job !!
Also, look into 3m Dual lock, it's stronger than velcro (way stronger) and the adhesive will stick to damned near anything.
I'm going to make this, I have 2 corgis that love water so I'll be using a three liter bottle lol.
Definitely going on my favorite list.


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Through The Lens: Today in Pictures, May 16, 2014
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CycloFemme :: One of Many
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SEFEL promotes social and emotional development. When children have appropriate pro social behavior they do better in school and in life.
Skills include empathy and listening, following routines, following directions, understanding emotions and steps for problem solving.
Click here for strategies and activities to help develop pro social behavior in your children!
Learn More!
SEFEL promotes child social and emotional development and supportive environments.
SEFEL helps support healthy development as well as communication, feeling identification, and important executive functioning.
Click here for strategies and activities to teach social emotional skills to your students!
Click here for information about how to become a SEFEL trainer or coach and resources for current SEFEL trainers and coaches
Next SEFEL TOT for Parent Trainers:April 1st 2015 | 8:30am - 4:00pm
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Choose a category, behavior, and development stage for useful strategies.
A great resource for home and school!
Go to SEFEL Strategies!
The University of Maryland is a partner with the Maryland State Department of Education in the development and maintenance of the website.
The website is funded by the Race to the Top Early Learning Challenge (RTTT-ELC) grant.


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Mills, H. (1994) 'Sketches of etruscan places' and other italian essays - lawrence,dh, defilippis,s, editor. English Language Notes, 32 (1). pp. 87-89. ISSN 0013-8282. (The full text of this publication is not currently available from this repository. You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided)
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Cleveland BioLabs to Present Protectan CBLB502 at 2008 BARDA Day
Cleveland BioLabs, Inc. (NASDAQ: CBLI) announced today that it will present Protectan CBLB502 at the 2008 Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) Stakeholders Workshop and Industry Day, September 24-26, in Washington, DC.
Cleveland BioLabs Chief Scientific Officer, Andrei Gudkov, Ph.D., D. Sci., has been invited to speak on Wednesday, September 24, at the Radiological and Nuclear Therapeutics Session. His presentation, titled "Protectan CBLB502 Prevents and Mitigates Hematopoietic and Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndromes by Mobilizing Multiple Natural Defense Mechanisms," will highlight Protectan CBLB502′s demonstrations of efficacy and multiple mechanisms of action, some of which were featured in a peer review publication in the April 11 issue of Science.
In addition, Vadim Krivokrysenko, Ph.D., Protectan CBLB502 Project Leader at Cleveland BioLabs, will exhibit a poster summarizing recent non-human primate studies with Protectan CBLB502 titled, "Single Injection of Novel Radioprotector CBLB502 Rescues Lethally Irradiated Non-Human Primates."
The goal of the HHS Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) Stakeholders Workshop 2008 and BARDA Industry Day is to provide an open forum for Government officials, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry representatives, state and local first responders, public health advocates, academicians, and other key stakeholders to share ideas for advancing public health preparedness in a collaborative environment
Cleveland BioLabs was recently awarded a development contract from BARDA for selected tasks in the advanced development of Protectan CBLB502. The total contract value including all milestone-based options is $13.3 million over a three-year period, with the first year's award of $3.4 million, commencing September 16, 2008. Earlier this year, the Company was awarded an $8.9 million development contract for Protectan CBLB502 from the Department of Defense. The combination of these two awards is expected to support the final stages of Protectan CBLB502′s development necessary for submission for FDA approval.
Cleveland BioLabs has successfully established cGMP quality manufacturing for Protectan CBLB502, demonstrated preclinical efficacy and safety of this product and recently received an allowance from the FDA to begin Phase I clinical trials in human volunteers. Protectan CBLB502 is being developed under the FDA's animal efficacy rule to treat radiation injury following exposure to radiation from nuclear or radiological weapons, or from nuclear accident. This approval pathway requires demonstration of efficacy in two animal species and safety and drug metabolism testing in a representative sample of healthy human volunteers.
About Cleveland BioLabs, Inc.
Cleveland BioLabs, Inc. is a drug discovery and development company leveraging its proprietary discoveries around programmed cell death to develop treatments for cancer and protection of normal tissues from exposure to radiation and other stresses. The Company has strategic partnerships with the Cleveland Clinic, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, ChemBridge Corporation and the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. To learn more about Cleveland BioLabs, Inc., please visit the company's website at http://www.cbiolabs.com.
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect management's current expectations, as of the date of this press release, and involve certain risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Some of the factors that could cause future results to materially differ from the recent results or those projected in forward-looking statements include the "Risk Factors" described in the Company's periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Contact: Rachel Levine Director Corporate Development & Communications Cleveland BioLabs, Inc. T: (646) 284-9439 E: email@example.com
SOURCE: Cleveland BioLabs, Inc.


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Aug2013 jazzcenter issuu
August 2013 Jazz Pamphlet
A Fond Farewell to our General Manager Marilyn Lawrence J2-J5 FM Program Listings J7 FM Program Grid J6 FM Article Farewell to General Manager, Marilyn Lawrence Inside J2 Sunday at 8 am 8/4 The Jazz Center I'M TALKIN' JAZZ Vocalist/Pianist Marty Williams with Mal Sharpe 8/11 Trombonist Roswell Rudd & Drummer Chuck Bernstein with Alisa Clancy 8/18 Percussionist Anthony Brown with Chris Cortez 8/25 Trumpeter Mario Guarneri & Bassist John Wiitala with Greg Bridges RIVERWALK JAZZ Sunday at 6 pm 8/4 Harlem to Hollywood: The Music of Harold Arlen 8/11 Harlem Rhapsody: Music and Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance The Jim Cullum Jazz Band—with vocalists Nina Ferro, Carol Woods and Becky Kilgore—presents the music of Harold Arlen, composer of jazz standards Stormy Weather, I've Got the World on a String and more. Included are rare interview clips of Arlen speaking about his music. 8/18 Two of a Kind: Swinging Duos at The Landing 8/25 I Wish I Were Twins: The Fats Waller Bluebird Sessions The Jim Cullum Jazz Band—with special guests Dick Hyman and Rebecca Kilgore—celebrates the Fats Waller (pictured) Bluebird Sessions. Tunes include I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter and It's a Sin to Tell a Lie. THE ANNALS OF JAZZ WITH RICHARD HADLOCK Sundays at 7 pm The sound of surprise describes both jazz itself and the enduring premise of "The Annals of Jazz." Since 1959, host Richard Hadlock has been improvising on historical themes and bringing forth worthy performers—from Armstrong to Zorn. Each Sunday, we may find Annals in Europe, Asia, Latin America or Back of Town anywhere. J u ly 2 0 1 3 J3 in the moment with jim bennett Sunday at 8 pm 8/ 4 Maye Cavalarro Vocalist Maye Cavalarro (pictured), recorded May 25th, 2013 at the Sound Room in Oakland. With Ross Gualco, Jeff Neighbor, David Rokeach and John Hoy. 8/ 11 Denny Zeitlin Denny Zeitlin (pictured) in a solo piano performance of jazz standards, original compositions. free improvisation and selections from the American songbook, recorded at the Piedmont Piano Company in Oakland, on December 1, 2012. 8/ 18 Geoffrey Keezer Pianist Geoffrey Keezer (pictured) and vocalist Kenny Washington, performing as a duo for the first time at the Sound Room in Oakland on April 22nd, 2013. 8/ 25 Gregory Porter Vocalist Gregory Porter (pictured) opened this year's 23rd Annual Jazz At Filoli series, on Father's Day, June 16th, 2013. With Chip Crawford, Yosuke Sato, Aaron James and Emanuel Harrold. Photo Credit: barry knox photography THE JAZZ DECADES WITH RAY SMITH Sunday at 11 pm 8/4 Bill Davidson, Joe Sullivan, Jelly Roll Morton, Bryan Shaw 8/11 McKinney's Chocolate Dandies, Herman Chittison, McKinney's Chocolate Pickers, Sextette From Hunger 8/18 New Orleans Jazz Band of Hawaii, King Nawahi's Hawaiians, Georgia Jumpers, Andy Idna, Louis Armstrong, Casey Bill Welden, Sol Hoopi, Rhythm Wreckers 8/25 Lu Waters, Scott Robinson, Southern Serenaders, Carroll Dickerson J4 Monday at 9 pm 8/5 The Jazz Center JAZZ PROFILES WITH NANCY WILSON The Modern Jazz Quartet They have been called the Rolls Royce of jazz groups: vibraphonist Milt Jackson, pianist John Lewis, drummer Connie Kay, and bassist Percy Heath, who passed away in April of 2005. As the longest-running jazz ensemble in the history of music , the MJQ was distinguished by a finelytuned, singular sound characterized by a chamber-like sensibility and a firm grounding in blues and swing. This show focuses on how the group came together, how it stayed together, its sound and its influence throughout the world as America's jazz ambassadors. 8/12 Vocalist Tony Bennett In this show, we watch the rising star of Tony Bennett in the '50s and '60s and learn how Bennett's refusal to bend to the popular culture of the '60s and '70s nearly destroyed his recording career. We'll also follow Tony Bennett as he came roaring back in the '80s. 8/19 Bassist Charles Mingus Part 1 8/25 Bassist Charles Mingus Part 2 JAZZ AT LINCOLN CENTER WITH WENDELL PIERCE Tuesday at 9 pm 8/6 NEA Jazz Masters Retrospective 8/13 An Evening with Roy Haynes 8/20 Basie and the Blues (birthday August 21) Churning rhythms and unforgettable riffs – in the hands of William 'Count' Basie (pictured) caught the essence of Kansas City swing. The Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with guitarist James Chirillo, pianist Cyrus Chestnut and vocalist Gregory Porter join the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra to make the Basie classics burn. photo courtesy: heinrich klaffs 8/27 Artistry in Rhythm: Stan Kenton Centennial The bandstand wasn't big enough for Stan Kenton's (pictured) musical ideas. His big brassy sound brought dozens of musicians to the stage including a "mellophonium" section and great West Coast innovators including Bill Holman, Anita O'Day and Jazz Master Lee Konitz. Konitz joins the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra for this Kenton celebration. J u ly 2 0 1 3 J5 piano jazz WITH marian mcpartland Wednesday at 9 pm Jimmy Heath Saxophonist, composer and NEA Jazz Master Jimmy Heath is the middle child of the illustrious jazz family, the Heath Brothers. A bebop player and big band leader, Heath also performed with Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie and John Coltrane. In 2001, Heath joined McPartland and bassist Rufus Reid for an hour of unforgettable talk and music including You've Changed and Jimmy's most famous tune, Gingerbread Boy. 8/7 8/14 Lee Konitz 8/21 Kenny Barron 8/28 Dave Douglas Composer, trumpeter, and superb improviser, Dave Douglas has a style that transcends the boundaries of traditional jazz. This approach has led to albums of experimental music both on his own and as a member of John Zorn's band. On this Piano Jazz, Douglas and McPartland, joined by bassist James Genus, show their mutual love for Mary Lou Williams' music on Scratchin' in The Gravel and Cloudy. JAZZSET WITH DEE DEE BRIDGEWATER Thursday at 9 pm 8/1 Bill Charlap and Renee Rosnes at The Kennedy Center The pianists open with Never Will I Marry (though they are, to each other). Cedar Walton's Midnight Waltz and Wayne Shorter's Ana Maria are highlights, along with Lyle Mays' Chorinho. 8/8 Guitarist Kevin Eubanks at the Detroit Jazz Festival 8/15 Trumpeter Sean Jones and Drummer Jeff Tain Watts at the Detroit Jazz Festival 8/22 Branford Marsalis Quartet at Napa Valley Opera House, Napa, CA Personnel changes have been few over 20 years in the Branford Marsalis Quartet. The players are consistent, Marsalis says, but the music should evolve and be challenging, center on the melody and convey emotions. Branford's tenor and soprano lead. Pianist Joey Calderazzo and bassist Eric Revis compose three of the four tunes. Justin Faulkner plays drums. 8/29 Discovery Series at the Kennedy Center: Christie Dashiell & the Alfredo Rodriguez Trio J6 The Jazz Center Our General Manager, Marilyn Lawrence, retired on June 30th. Marilyn joined KCSM in 1996 as Director of Technology and was appointed General Manager in 1999. Marilyn has also been a key member of the College of San Mateo's management team and took on many tasks outside of her formal job duties. Her commitment to student, staff, viewers and listeners was always forefront in her mind and actions. A person of humble wisdom and a ready smile, Marilyn starts anew after 17 successful years at KCSM, including guiding the return of our Jazz on the Hill Festival. We'll miss you, Marilyn! Farewell to KCSM General Manager Marilyn Lawrence PICTURED: (left to right): melanie berzon, marilyn lawrence, chris cortez and alisa clancy Or choose from many other music classes at College of San Mateo Popular options include History of Jazz, Fundamentals of Music and Music Listening and Enjoyment. JAZZ CLASS TAKE A CSM also offers electronic music, guitar, piano, voice and harmony classes as well as various ensembles. Apply now! Fall semester begins August 19. Visit collegeofsanmateo.edu/apply to get started. MONDAY SATURDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY A MORNING CUP OF JAZZ WITH ALISA CLANCY (M-F) DESERT ISLAND JAZZ A MORNING CUP OF JAZZ KEITH HINES WITH WITH CHRIS CORTEZ 1. 2. 3. 4. (M/W/F), CLIFFORD BROWN JR. (T/TH) MID-DAY JAZZ MID-DAY JAZZ SONNY BUXTON JAZZ IN THE AFTERNOON DICK CONTE THE JAZZ OASIS WITH WITH WITH 6:00 AM SUNDAY 6:30 AM 7:00 AM BIG BAND JUMP 7:30 AM 8:00 AM 8:30 AM I'M TALKIN' JAZZ 9:00 AM 10:00 AM A MORNING CUP OF JAZZ WITH KEITH HINES 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM AMERICAN JAZZ COUNTDOWN WITH CLIFFORD BROWN JR. J u ly 2 0 1 3 5:00 PM 6:00 PM WITH JAYNE SANCHEZ (M/W), 4:00 PM LATIN JAZZ WITH JESSE "CHUY" VARELA THE JAZZ OASIS JAZZ IN THE AFTERNOON WITH JESSE "CHUY" VARELA (M/T), MELANIE BERZON (W/TH/F) RIVERWALK 7:00 PM THE ANNALS OF JAZZ WITH RICHARD HADLOCK 8:00 PM WITH N ANCY W ILSON IN THE MOMENT WITH JIM BENNETT J AZZ P ROFILES JAZZ AT LINCOLN CENTER WITH WENDELL PIERCE GREG BRIDGES (T/TH), KATHLEEN LAWTON (F) J AZZ S ET WITH D EE D EE B RIDGEWATER MICHAEL BURMAN CRAZY 'BOUT THE BLUES ALL OUT WITH WITH 9:00 PM What Was That Tune, Anyway? PIANO JAZZ WITH MARIAN MCPARTLAND 10:00 PM WITH WITH HARRY RICHARD HALL JAZZ SESSIONS EVENING JAZZ JUST JAZZ KATHLEEN LAWTON Visit our website at www.kcsm.org; then click on the Jazz 91 Playlist link. Go directly to the playlist at www.jazzlist.org Tune into JazzTV on Digital Channel 43.3 Tune into Comcast Digital Channel 962. MICHAEL BURMAN GREG BRIDGES JAZZ WITH BOB PARLOCHA TUESDAY JAZZ WITH BOB PARLOCHA WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY WITH 11 : 0 0 P M THE JAZZ DECADES WITH RAY SMITH 12:00 AM 2:00 AM JAZZ WITH BOB PARLOCHA MONDAY DAVE RAMIREZ (M) P ETE FALLICO (T) RON PELLETIER (W) SUNDAY J7


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Every sweetheart deal the Bush administration makes threatens to hobble Obama's ability to deliver on his promise of change.
Will Obama make good on his promise to end the war in Iraq?
If Democrats can succeed in improving people's lives, the electorate won't care whether the Obama administration governs from left, right or center.
The Nation's Dave Zirin joins Rachel Maddow to discuss potential abuses when government agencies are given carte blanche.
The Nation's Katrina vanden Heuvel on the first 100 days of Obama's presidency and the future of US-Russia relations.
In light of all of the corruption and cronyism that have marked the career of Lawrence Summers, why is Obama considering him for treasury secretary?
Obama can change the way Washington does business by mobilizing the same grassroots ground operation that got him elected to push his legislative agenda.
Clinton's NAFTA-backing insider is in the running for Obama chief of staff.
The property is worth a lot less than when he took ownership in 2000, and the world is far more dangerous place. Now it's up to the rest of us to clean up the mess.
If we don't act now, future generations will see that a weapon intended to defend the rule of law grew rusty and unusable on our watch.