text:
The Fund's investment objective is to maximise, consistent with prudent investment management, a combination of capital appreciation and income. The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing principally in a diversified portfolio of equity securities, fixed and floating rate debt securities, including low-rated debt securities, and debt obligations issued by government, government-related issuers and corporate entities which are located, incorporated or have their principal business activities in developing or Emerging Market countries. The Fund will typically invest at least 25% of its assets in Emerging Market equity securities and at least 25% of its assets in debt securities but the proportion of its assets allocated to each may vary over time depending on the Investment Managers' view of the relative attractiveness of each asset class.
[1] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/management?variant=Franklin Templeton Investment Funds
[2] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/domicile?variant=Luxembourg
[3] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/fund_administrator?variant=Franklin Templeton Intl Serv S.A.
[4] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/strategy?variant=Global Emerging Markets Allocation
[5] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/structure?variant=SICAV
[6] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/city?variant=Zürich___Switzerland
[7] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/country?variant=Switzerland
[8] http://www.globalfunddata.com/funds/new/performance/custodian?variant=J. P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A.
[9] mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com?subject=Mail from GFM Ltd

subset: commoncrawl


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Mid-South News
6:30 am
Tue May 20, 2008
Daily News on the Changing Real Estate Landscape
By Nicole Erwin and Eric Smith
Memphis, TN – Eric Smith covers real estate for the Memphis Daily News. He spoke with Nicole Erwin about how foreign banks are affecting the Memphis housing market.
To learn more about foreign investment in the Memphis market, visit The Memphis Daily News at www.memphisdailynews.com.


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- Content: 100% Wool
- Weave: Flannel
- Color: Black
- Width: 60"
Orders placed May 15th to May 25th will be mailed after May 26th. No RUSH shipping at this time. We apologize for any inconvenience.
$ 23.00 per yard
28 yards in stock
This is a beautiful 60″ wide. medium weight wool flannel in Black. It is soft to the touch and drapes beautifully!


text:
A total of 400 differently abled persons got identity cards under the 'Pudhu Vazhvu' scheme at a medical camp at Gandarvakottai on Saturday. In all, 1,216 differently abled persons were screened at the camp.
C. Manoharan, Collector, who distributed the cards, said that the beneficiaries belonged to 35 village panchayats in and around Gandarvakottai and Kallakottai.
Rehabilitation formed part of the package with adequate infrastructure.
The Collector also gave away cheques to the tune of Rs.41.62 lakh under the Tamil Nadu Rural Livelihood Mission Scheme. So far, about Rs. 7 crore had been disbursed under the programme, he said.
Similar camps would be held at Annavasal on January 7, Keeranur on January 8 and at Karambakudi on January 11.
S. Vasumathi, District manager of Pudhu Vazhvu, said that specialists imparted training on orthopaedics, mental health and vision.


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Product Specs
Product Description
Stun your bridal shower guests and incorporate the magic of fall into your décor with these pretty tablecovers. At 7'L x 4.5'W, these tablecovers can be used with a variety of table sizes and are a great way to protect your table tops. These tablecovers are made from durable plastic and feature alternating earth tone and white stripes with a printed leaf pattern border. Use them as a decorative accent, and then enjoy the easy post shower cleanup.
Add some elegance to your fall décor with autumn leaf glass coaster favors and designer pewter leaf ornaments.


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Been here? Rate It!
Billy Bob's Texas
Billy Bob's Texas calls itself the largest Western Honky-Tonk in the world (pic#2). Country Western concerts not only feature big names like Willy Nelson and Dolly Parton, but also newly emerging bands (pic#3).
Hand prints of the famous accent the halls, while real bull riding separates the men from the boys. Only pros and semi-pro's participate in this lively competition.
A nicely stocked gift shop, small arcade section and pool tables are all here to entice visitors into spending a long evening at Billy Bob's (pic #4). A snack area provides munchies for the hungry--but don't expect a full dinner.
Step up for a photo on a bucking bull--it's fake, of course, but makes for some interesting conversation back home! Night time entertainment might be line dancing beneath a shimmery rhinestone saddle donated by Dolly herself, which revolves above the dance floor (pic#5).
Hours are Mon.-Sat. 11 am-2am; Sun. 12 Noon-2 am. Admission is $2.50 to see the Bullriding on Fri. and Sat. nights from 9 pm-10pm. Standard admission is Sun.-Tues. $1 before 7pm, $3 after 7pm; Weds.-Thurs. $1 before 8pm, $4 after 8 pm; Fri.-Sat. $1 before 5 pm (usually closed from 5-6pm to prepare for concerts), $6.50 up to and after 6 pm.
NOTE: Our guide advised us to purchase reserved seat admission when viewing concerts--the sound is better.
- Family Travel
- Seniors
- Singles
Billy Bob's Texas
Yehaw! If you like country western, cowgirls or cowboys this is the world's largest honky-tonk with a 4,800-sq.-ft. rodeo area, 600 feet of bar rails, a 1,650-sq.-ft. stage for country/Western entertainment with top stars, shops, games, and restaurants. Then you'll like hanging out here. The dance floor is huge. They also have a museum of the many country western stars hands prints adorning the walls that has graced this establishment. Really neat to compare your hands against celebrities.
- Music
Handprint Wall of Fame
Billy Bobs has a unique tradition whereby every entertainer that performs on stage is asked to leave their handprint impressions in concrete. There are several walls displaying many well known artists handprints and signatures.
Billy Bob's: The Entertainment Center!
The Building now known as Billy Bob's Texas was built in 1910 and was once a large open-air barn for housing prize cattle during the Fort Worth Stock Show.
In 1936, as a Texas Centennial Project, the building was enclosed by the City of Fort Worth at a cost of $183,500 and the tower added. The "new" structure contained 1257 animal stalls, and a 1200 seat auction ring that is now Billy Bob's Bull Riding arena.
The floor of Billy Bob's slopes from the entry toward the showroom stage, making an ideal elevation for concert seating.
This slope was originally constructed to allow easy cleaning and runoff from the cattle pens. Livestock events were held here until the stock show moved to the Will Rogers Memorial Complex, in the present downtown area, around 1943.
During World War II, the building was used as an airplane factory for the Globe Aircraft Corporation.
In the 1950's the building became a department store so large that the stock boys wore roller skates to make their jobs quicker and easier.
With 127,000 square feet of space, which is nearly 3 acres inside and 20 acres of parking, for entertainment and events, Billy Bob's has 32 Max individual bar stations, country music's biggest stars, Live Pro Bull Riding and a Texas size dance floor for everyone to enjoy.
Billy Bob's Texas opened April 1, 1981 to national attention with Larry Gatlin & the Gatlin Brothers as the first performers. Other artists who appeared that first week were Waylon Jennings, Janie Fricke & Willie Nelson.
- Festivals
- Music
- Study Abroad
Billy Bob's Texas
I must say not being a 'honky tonky' / country & western type gal, Billy Bob's wasn't high on my list to visit but I have to admit to being quite amazed once inside.
While no live shows were being performed at the time, the various areas within the complex were busy with either eating, drinking, shopping, video games, pool players or just those like me checking out the place.
The admission prices at Billy Bob's vary during the week .
I must say it was a REALLY hot Texas summers day and the thought of a cold beer was mentioned and nothing more had to be said..The thought of cold beer was overwhelming and cold beers were to be drunk as soon as possible..
A visit to Billy Bobs is a must...just the place for some cold beers and if you are game , a ride on the mechanical bull ...also check out "The Hands cast in Plaster" somebody had the idea and many of the famous visitors here have had a cast of their hands done in plaster these can be found all through the out of bar area..The bar areas here are huge and many, the choices of beer also is large. I beleive that the patrons number in their thousands 6000 TO BE PRECISE on saturday nights...thats a lot of beer..This is definately the place to blow the froth off a cold beer..or two...AND DONT FORGET check your guns in AT THE DOOR..
- Beer Tasting
- Road Trip
- Photography
Billy Bob's History
The building was built in 1910 and was originally a large open-air barn for the accommodation of prize cattle during the Fort Worth Stock Show. In 1936 the building was enclosed and the tower was added. This new form contained 1257 animal stalls, and a 1200 seat auction ring that is now Billy Bob's Bull Riding arena.
During World War II, the building was put to use as an airplain factory and in the 1950's the building became a department store which was so big that the stock boys rolled around on roller skates to enable them to quickly get around. Billy Bob's Texas opened April 1, 1981.
You must goto the worlds...
You must goto the worlds largest honkytonk. It's open to people of all ages to not only see concerts but to also to test their skills on a large variety of video/arcade games & pool tables. Also check out the 'Handprint wall of fame' which is signed by every celebrity that has been to BillyBob's
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Jay Pridmore is the author of Chicago Architecture and Design.
Chicago preservation architect Thomas "Gunny" Harboe prefers not to dismantle architectural monuments. But at Mies van der Rohe's 860–880 Lake Shore Drive apartments, built in Chicago in 1951, one of the first steps in the preservation process was to remove the broad travertine pavement between the two towers.


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Product: Mobile > Cell Phones > More Cell Phone Providers > Aio Wireless > SGH-I437Z
To adjust the brightness of the display, open the Notification Panel by swiping your finger from the top of the screen to the bottom. To adjust the brightness, touch and slide the bar to the right for a brighter screen or to the left for a darker screen. Mark Auto to set your device to automatically adjust the brightness using its ambient light sensor.
Or access this setting from the Home screen. Touch Menu > Settings > Display > Brightness.


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Hank Jr. Announces Take Back the Country Tour; 1 in 5 Country Fans Don't Listen to Country Radio; Ryan Adams Covers Dio
- Federal appeals court ruled that Roger Miller's widow does not own the rights to songs including "King of the Road," "Dang Me," and others.
- According to a study released yesterday at CRS, one in five country music fans never tunes in to country radio, instead getting their music from other sources. The study also came to the conclusion that "the 'twang-iest artists' are the most polarizing."
- Dave Paulson of the Tennessean caught Lady Antebellum's Nashville show last night.
- Country music benefit concert and golf tournament Golf & Guitars is featured in this video beginning at 16:16.
- Jewly Hight wrote a fine feature on Chuck Mead and his new album Back at the Quonset Hut for the Nashville Scene. An excerpt: Considering Mead is the product of a family of Midwestern country performers and that BR549 developed quite the arsenal of old-school covers while playing for tips on Lower Broadway, it's surprising he hasn't made a classic country covers album before now. Says Mead, by way of explanation, "When I started out alone, just playing Tootsie's in the front window, just one guy, the emphasis was on your [original] songs. Of course, you'd play people's requests, because they wanted to hear old country music too. Really, at that time, I didn't have five hours' worth of my music to play. … So [when the band got together] we just did what we knew, and that was old country and rockabilly and rock 'n' roll. I mean, we were doing weird things like hillbilly versions of Ramones songs."
- In early March, Hank Williams Jr. will start his Take Back the Country Tour. Jamey Johnson, Chris Young, Josh Thompson, .38 Special, and George Thorogood will open on various dates.
- Hank3 was interviewed by Amy Sciarretto of Noisecreep. Here is an excerpt where he draws parallels between country and metal: Country is for the working man and woman. I have always liked rock, since day one of doing the hillbilly sound, then the doom metal and heavier stuff. I always liked rock. I'd be running around when Elvis Presley or Ted Nugent would come on the radio. That got me excited; being a drummer, the beats felt natural to me. I had a good time with it. If I was just a country singer, I don't think it would be as unique as what I do now. I don't think I'd have the respect from my fans or my heroes. I am multi-genre.
- Paste has new Bruce Springsteen song "Death to My Hometown."
- Ryan Adams covered Dio during a recent show in Los Angeles.
- Lionel Richie made a surprise appearance at the Ryman during a Luke Bryan performance at a UMG-sponsored CRS luncheon concert.
- Music City Roots compilation, Roots Moments: Special Live Cuts from Season One, comes out next week.
- Blogger Mando Lines interviewed Americana artist Grayson Capps, who describes his music as sounding like "if Mississippi Fred McDowell sat down with Tom T. Hall and they were drinking Newcastle, listening to AC/DC."
1 Comment
I love this line about the CRS study findings:
"The study also came to the conclusion that "the 'twang-iest artists' are the most polarizing." LOL
Of course they are when modern AirHead Country Radio becomes focused on inoffensive pop-rock dreck! Anything that hints of hardcore traditional country music will seem foreign and off-putting to such listeners who came to be "country" fans because of Carrie Underwood, Taylor Swift, Rascal Flatts, Lady Antebellum, and the like ad nauseum. I guess this explains why Sunny Sweeney's "Drink Myself Single" only made it to the high 30's on the Mediabase chart. Oh well…
Opry Alert! The Opry continues its streak of mostly lackluster shows tonight with Lee (EgoMan) Brice, Dailey & Vincent (the bright spot), Diamond Rio, and Vince Gill. Grade: B-\
Link: http://www.opry.com/shows/ThisWeek.html
That Hank Jr. concert tour artist line-up is top notch! Sure beats the typical big name Top 40 summer tour schlockfests by a mile. I think they should add Sunny Sweeney and Craig Campbell though.
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osha regulations Companies in Georgia (US)
Compliance Solutions
based in Denver, COLORADO (USA)
Compliance Solutions, the nation`s largest privately held H&S training company offers Web-Based (WBT) and Instructor-Led (ILT) training courses for clients in the U.S. and abroad. Our library of 70+ hazmat and occupational health & safety courses is being constantly expanded to meet our clients diverse needs. Our proprietary learning management system (LMS) allows ...
The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)
based in Des Plaines, ILLINOIS (USA)
The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) is the world's oldest professional safety society. ASSE promotes the expertise, leadership and commitment of its members, while providing them with professional development, advocacy and standards development. It also sets the occupational safety, health and environmental community's standards for excellence and ethics.
The Wercs Ltd.
based in Latham, NEW YORK (USA)
The Wercs, Ltd. is a software development company located in NY that provides MSDS software tools and services to help organizations author, manage, and distribute Material Safety Data Sheets, Labels, and various documents required under OSHA, EU Directives, and other regulatory bodies worldwide. In addition to keeping compliant with regulations, The WERCS and its ...
Trinity Consultants
based in Dallas, TEXAS (USA)
For over 30 years, Trinity Consultants has assisted industrial facilities nationwide with a myriad of environmental issues. Our regulatory compliance services include air permitting, air dispersion modeling, and compliance auditing. We also provide environmental management services related to compliance management, ISO 14001 compliance, and emissions trading. In addition, ...
based in Oklahoma City, OKLAHOMA (USA)
Online safety training for organizations of all shapes and sizes. We provide innovative e-learning solutions to meet your professional development, regulatory compliance, and risk management challenges. Our online safety training solution provides training for your organization 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Bergeson & Campbell, P.C.
based in Washington, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (USA)
Bergeson & Campbell, P.C. (B&C) is a Washington, D.C. law firm focusing on assisting clients in obtaining regulatory agency approval of their chemical, medical device, and diagnostic products, as well as on the product approval and regulation, product defense, and business issues associated with those products. B&C represents and counsels individuals, business entities, ...
The Training Network
based in Durham, NORTH CAROLINA (USA)
The Training Network (formerly known as Long Island Productions) produces and distributes safety training videos, safety training kits, and other safety training products to assist organizations with OSHA Compliance, workplace safety and Human Resource training issues.Founded in 1981, the Training Network offers competitive prices on over 900 safety training and human ...
Safety Helpers LLC
based in Denver, COLORADO (USA)
Safety Helpers L.L.C. is an Occupational Safety Training Company, Headquartered in Denver, Colorado. HAZWOPER training experts. We provide OSHA compliance training, DOT HAZMAT compliance training, EPA RCRA training, and various OSHA standard module topics. Our OSHA-authorized trainers are experts in their various fields. We hold regular scheduled Instructor-led safety ...
Guardian Safety USA - Enviro Safety Products
based in Visalia, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Guardian Safety USA is the industrial strength solution for your safety and supply needs. We are a safety company who understands OSHA, ANSI, DOT, and NFPA regulations and how they affect you. Understanding the regulations and laws allows us to specify the correct products for your needs.
Environmental and Safety Resources, Inc.
based in Saint Peters, MISSOURI (USA)
ESR is an environmental and safety engineering consulting firm that specializes in helping clients with EPA and OSHA compliance. Located in the St. Louis area, specifically St. Peters, Missouri, we have been serving clients in throughout Missouri and Illinois for nearly 26 years.


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Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
More photos �
Water pumped from hundreds of wells has transformed the desert of the Coachella Valley into a lush patchwork of golf courses, farms, resorts and swimming pools. Those wells draw heavily from the underground aquifer year after year and have led to dramatic declines in water levels, posing serious long-term risks for the water supply.
The diminishing water levels in the aquifer during the past half-century illustrate how heavy water use in the Coachella Valley has long outstripped available water supplies. And while public officials have made some progress in recent years, their efforts to reverse the trend have lagged behind the declines in water levels and haven�t fully addressed the problem.
Quick links
Video: Water use in the desert
In a three-month investigation of water levels throughout the Coachella Valley, The Desert Sun found that the average depth of 70 existing wells across the valley in 1970 was 104.4 feet. As of this year, the average depth of 291 wells in the valley had dropped to 159.3 feet.
The average loss of 55 feet of water depth reflects a significant depletion of the most precious resource in the California desert. The average well depths calculated by The Desert Sun provide a broad picture of the aquifer�s decline over decades. More specific trends such as areas with particularly large drops in water levels also emerged during the analysis, which is the first such valley-wide review to assess water agencies� groundwater data.
The newspaper obtained depth measurement records for 346 wells from the Coachella Valley Water District and the Desert Water Agency after the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians sued the agencies in federal court. The tribe is claiming rights to a portion of the valley�s groundwater and accuses the agencies of mismanaging the water supply by permitting the aquifer�s levels to drop.
DOCUMENT: Tribal lawsuit
Full text of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians lawsuit over water rights, filed against Coachella Valley Water District and Desert Water Agency
The measurements of well levels, taken at regular intervals over the years, support the tribe�s claim that under the agencies� watch, over-pumping has long been drawing down the water supply.
The records also support the agencies� argument that they have recently made headway in slowing the declines, with water levels rising in some areas. But the apparent progress has coincided with unusually large arrivals of Colorado River water, some of which is being stored through a �water banking� arrangement and will eventually have to be paid back through diminished inflows.
Water managers and hydrologists often liken an underground aquifer to a bank account in which there are deposits and withdrawals. Viewed this way, users of the Coachella Valley�s aquifer have been overspending for many years.
In reviewing the records of water level measurements, Desert Sun journalists consulted water scientists, analyzed data in the water agencies� reports and used spreadsheets to calculate rates of change in the water levels. The review found that:
� Depletion of groundwater has been a long-term, slow-moving crisis. Water levels have dropped by more than 100 feet since the 1950s in some areas of Palm Desert and Rancho Mirage that have many golf courses and subdivisions.
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
� Water levels have stabilized or risen in the past three years in areas near groundwater recharge ponds in La Quinta and Palm Springs. Higher water levels in those areas have coincided with increased flows of Colorado River water that have reached the ponds and percolated down to the aquifer.
� Over the long term, the oldest wells in the valley show a clear trend of decline. When 63 of the oldest wells are considered alone, with records that start in the 1960s or earlier, more than 82 percent of the wells have seen declines in water levels, while the remaining 18 percent have held steady or risen. Together, the declines in those wells averaged 48 feet since the start of record-keeping, with some records going back as early as the 1920s and others drilled in later decades. Eight of the wells with the largest drops fell by more than 100 feet.
� The Desert Sun consulted UC Irvine water scientist Brian Thomas, a postdoctoral scholar at the UC Center for Hydrologic Modeling, who used statistical methods to assess trends. A decade-by-decade statistical analysis prepared by Thomas found that a majority of wells declined in the 1960s, �70s, �80s, �90s and 2000s, and that only since 2010 has there been a shift, with more wells showing rising levels amid increased deliveries of water from the Colorado River. This portion of the analysis focused on all wells that showed a clear trend during each decade. Wells that either held steady, showed minimal changes or didn�t have enough measurements taken during the decade were not included.
�There�s been a pretty consistent drop throughout the valley, and the only change that�s occurred has been in the last three years, since 2010,� Thomas said. �There�s some fluctuation that is happening in the system, but for the most part, it�s still going down.�
Explore the data
Interactive map by Robert Hopwood, The Desert Sun
Pumping and overdraft
Water district officials have for decades recognized overdraft � the pumping of more water than is replaced � as a serious dilemma. But a long-term solution would be visible in the data only if water levels held steady or rose year after year throughout the valley, and that benchmark remains elusive.
Whether the water agencies and the valley�s more than 400,000 residents ultimately find a balance between water supplies and demands will depend on an array of factors, including deliveries of water from outside the area, population growth and water conservation measures.
For now, the valley has some of the heaviest water use in California and uses considerably more per person than other desert cities such as Phoenix and Las Vegas. The valley also has some of the lowest water rates in California.
The area�s economy, sustained largely by tourism and agriculture, rests fundamentally on the underground water supply, a resource once fed solely by small flows of snowmelt and rainfall that accumulated over millions of years. Now imported water from the Colorado River filters down through the desert soil and collects in the aquifer, a sponge-like matrix of tiny holes between sand, gravel, silt and clay.
As farms, golf courses and expanding subdivisions have drawn down the levels of the aquifer, the ground has sunk in some parts of the valley. A 2007 study by the U.S. Geological Survey detailed how the ground level sank up to 4 inches in parts of La Quinta, with smaller effects in parts of Palm Desert and Indian Wells, during a year-and-a-half period from 2003 to 2005.
�The valley fits into the picture that we see across the southern part of California and actually all over the world, all over the arid parts. � They�re drying out, and the aquifers all over the world are being depleted.�
� Jay Famiglietti, UC Irvine hydrologist, director of the UC Center for Hydrologic Modeling
When the ground shifts due to heavy pumping, the long-term costs can include damaged pipes, uneven roads and homes with cracked foundations. Other potential consequences include higher water bills, worsening water quality and more water-related disputes.
California is one of many arid regions throughout the world facing growing water scarcity and declining aquifers. Drought and diminished mountain snowpack have contributed to the mounting pressures on water supplies.
Groundwater pumping in California, as in most U.S. states, isn�t regulated by federal, state, or local governments. Scientists say that for most areas of the country, complete data on how much water has been used and how much remains underground do not exist.
DOCUMENT: USGS report
Groundwater Depletion in the United States (1900�2008)
A recent study by the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that between 1900 and 2008, cumulative groundwater depletion in the United States � the total volume of water lost from aquifers across the country � was about 1,000 cubic kilometers. That amount, if spread out over California, would cover the state with water more than 7 feet deep.
The pressures on aquifers keep growing due to burgeoning populations and pumping by farms and industries. Wells have gone dry in parts of Texas this year. Wells have also gone dry in parts of California�s San Luis Obispo County where vineyards are using large quantities of water. And in some areas of the Central Valley, the level of the ground has sunk dramatically as water has been drained away to irrigate crops.
�What we know in Southern California, which we can see from satellites and from monitoring on the ground, is how the level of groundwater is dropping,� said hydrologist Jay Famiglietti, a professor at UC Irvine and director of the UC Center for Hydrologic Modeling. �We�re using the water at a much quicker rate than it�s being replenished, so the level of the water in the aquifer drops and ultimately we will hit bottom.�
He said the Coachella Valley appears to fit this overdraft pattern.
QUICK HIT: By the numbers
Five facts about water use in the Coachella Valley
No one knows exactly how much groundwater remains beneath the Coachella Valley. Water agencies have calculated the cumulative overdraft since the 1970s at more than 5.3 million acre-feet of water. That�s enough to fill more than 2.6 million Olympic swimming pools, with each acre-foot equivalent to 325,851 gallons.
The state Department of Water Resources in 1964 estimated that the aquifer, in the first 1,000 feet below ground, had a total capacity of at least 39.2 million acre-feet. Based on that estimate, the aquifer has lost about 13.5 percent of the total since the 1970s.
How we developed this special report
The Desert Sun, in an effort to analyze the state of the Coachella Valley�s aquifer, obtained records of water levels in all 346 wells for which the valley�s largest water agencies have measurements. Read more about the records and our analysis.
Between 1970 and 2013, the population of the valley has grown nearly fivefold, and water levels have declined despite increasing shipments of imported water.
It�s unclear how far water levels would need to decline for the aquifer to reach its limits. A 1979 study by the state�s Department of Water Resources estimated that the water-bearing portion of the aquifer goes down roughly 2,000 feet, suggesting that a significant cushion probably remains.
But if water levels continue to drop in the coming decades, other dilemmas likely would emerge. As water is drawn from deeper underground, pumping requires more electricity and thus higher costs. Treatment could become necessary if water quality worsens. Saltwater from the Salton Sea could seep into some wells. And falling water tables could eventually require people to drill deeper wells.
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
Some say the heart of the problem lies in the valley�s water use.
�We�ve used water as if we lived in Florida, and instead we live in a dry climate that cannot sustain this water use,� said Buford Crites, a former Palm Desert mayor and a current member of the state Regional Water Quality Control Board for the Colorado River region. �We are facing a drier future with less water, and yet we�re living in a valley where until very, very recent times, people were encouraged to plant lawns.�
Water use has decreased in recent years as more people have replaced lawns with desert landscaping, and as some of the valley�s water districts have adopted tiered rates that reward those who use less water. But Crites said such changes have come slowly, in part because for many years, �lots of people didn�t want to look at water data because they didn�t want to see what they would see.�
The valley�s water agencies argue that they have been getting a handle on the problem and making important improvements.
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
�It�s a problem that�s not going to go away. It�s a problem we have to continue to address,� said David Luker, general manager of the Desert Water Agency. �When you think of some of the other areas that are having trouble, we�ve at least turned our problem around where we�re actually gaining on it, close to the spreading basins and beyond. We�ve changed the direction. We�ve changed the decline, the rate of decline.�
Luker pointed to the successes of local water agencies in securing new supplies of imported water over the years, and in achieving reductions in water use in the past five years. DWA�s water consumption has declined 18 percent since 2007, and he said his agency has done everything in its power to prevent further declines in groundwater levels.
�Things have gotten much better than they were,� said Luker, who has worked for DWA for more than 20 years. �The western United States is always going to have water concerns. We�re just not going to get away from it. It�s an ongoing battle. That�s why I say the work in combating overdraft is never going to be over.�
�We made some headway. We need to continue what we�re doing. � Unless your inflow equals your outgo, then you aren�t home free. �
� Corky Larson, former CVWD board member
The Coachella Valley�s water managers have for nearly a century been anticipating future water needs, and through agreements in the past decade have ensured increasing deliveries of imported water, said Steve Bigley, director of environmental services of the Coachella Valley Water District.
�We are now in, with the most recent agreements, the best shape to move forward in the future and see the benefits of the decades of work that it takes to bring in those additional water supplies,� Bigley said. �On an annual basis, more water is going to be replenished into our groundwater basin.�
Peter Gleick, a water expert who leads the Pacific Institute in Oakland, agreed that officials in the valley have done a better job than many of their counterparts in the state in that they have been monitoring groundwater levels and using imported water to recharge the aquifer for many years.
�Groundwater depletion is not only a big problem, but it�s been a long-ignored problem for too long in much of the West. We�ve acted as though our surface water and our groundwater systems were separate,� Gleick said. �That�s changing. It�s changing in part because more and more of our groundwater aquifers are being overdrafted and levels are dropping, and it�s becoming more expensive to pump, and users are coming into conflict with other users.�
Gleick said it�s vital for people in California and elsewhere to �integrate groundwater management into our institutions and into our thinking.�
�Coachella (Valley) to some degree has done this longer than many other water agencies, in part because there�s so little surface water there,� Gleick said. �So, they�ve had groundwater recharge systems, they�ve paid much more attention to intentional monitoring and management, and I think that�s been a good thing. In some ways, Coachella is way ahead of other California water districts.�
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
But Agua Caliente Tribal Chairman Jeff Grubbe said the tribe, through its lawsuit, wants to bring about better water management. He said the tribe is worried about the declines in groundwater levels and the costs of inaction.
�We want to work on a solution to refill our aquifers,� Grubbe said. Without stronger efforts to raise water levels, �those levels are going to decrease even further, at a rapid pace.�
Fighting declines
�We can�t pretend that we�re Hawaii or Florida. We�re not even Phoenix or Tucson. We�re a much hotter, drier desert than any of those places, and so we have to adjust our water use to that.�
� Buford Crites, former Palm Desert mayor, current member of state Regional Water Quality Control Board
The Colorado Desert is one of the hottest and driest places in North America, and the Coachella Valley typically receives between 2 and 5 inches of rain a year. It is so dry that the history of the valley�s development has been closely linked to finding new water supplies.
The Coachella Valley Water District was formed in 1918 to oversee the water supply. In the early 1900s, water was so plentiful in some areas that the pressure in the aquifer naturally forced water to the surface, and it would overflow from some wells. But by the 1940s, the water district had detected swift declines in wells as the valley�s farms and population grew.
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
The district responded by starting to import water for irrigation in 1949 from the Colorado River. The water flowed through the newly built Coachella branch of the All-American Canal, leading to less pumping from wells and allowing underground water levels to partially recover.
As the growing population used more water, CVWD and DWA sought additional supplies and in 1963 signed contracts with the state to tap into the State Water Project. The agencies, however, decided not to build a connection to the state�s system of canals and pipelines, a project that by one estimate could have cost as much as $150 million. Instead, the agencies agreed to trade their allotted amounts to the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California for a portion of the flows coursing through the Colorado River Aqueduct.
Starting in 1973, that water from the Colorado River began to flow into ponds constructed on the outskirts of Palm Springs.
But as subdivisions expanded in La Quinta, Palm Desert and elsewhere, officials noticed that water levels were again falling in many areas. They began searching for ways to bring more water to a portion of the aquifer known as the Lower Whitewater sub-basin.
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
�In the �80s, we started to recognize that the lower valley was developing and using more groundwater. So, we did some studies, developed a computer model of the basin so we could look at it and try to see what could be done,� said Tom Levy, who was general manager of CVWD from 1986 to 2002. �We had this data and as you saw more growth going on in the lower valley, you started to say, �We need to do something more.��
As the water agency�s officials saw it, their challenges included ensuring additional water supplies and finding a suitable spot in the east valley to build ponds to replenish the aquifer. In much of this stretch of the valley, an impervious clay layer formed by the ancient Lake Cahuilla prevented water from penetrating deep enough to reach the aquifer.
�These sorts of things take a long time,� Levy said. �Before you make an investment like that, you want to know that it�s going to work. So, you need the model, you need the testing and everything.�
Following years of studies, the water district in 1994 began building groundwater recharge ponds in south La Quinta.
The Quantification Settlement Agreement will mean less agricultural runoff flowing to the Salton Sea.
�Then, we had to assure ourselves that we had an adequate water supply for it,� Levy said. After years of seeking more water, the district eventually secured more water through the 2003 water transfer deal known as the Quantification Settlement Agreement. The agreement, by reducing flows to farms in Imperial County, guarantees gradual increases of water deliveries to San Diego and the Coachella Valley.
Preparing for that water guaranteed under the deal, CVWD carved out additional ponds in La Quinta. The district spent $40 million buying the land and building a total of 39 ponds, and eventually named the facility after Levy.
In 2009, larger amounts of water began to pour out of the corrugated metal pipes that protrude vertically from the ponds in La Quinta. Water also began flowing during the 2000s to other newly constructed ponds at Mission Creek and Martinez Canyon.
The projects in the past decade have been praised by water officials as much-needed steps.
�We�re still depleting, but nowhere near like we were,� said Corky Larson, a member of the CVWD Board from 2000 to 2012. �I know we made some headway.�
For years, CVWD�s reports have pointed to declining water levels as an unsolved problem that requires greater efforts. A water management plan drafted in 2002 laid out plans to eliminate overdraft and prevent further declines.
All five of the valley�s public water agencies have participated in jointly drafting long-term plans. CVWD and DWA are the two largest agencies of the group, together serving about 75 percent of water customers.
Omar Ornelas, The Desert Sun
In the agencies� 2010 Coachella Valley Integrated Regional Water Management Plan, one of the main objectives described was to �manage groundwater levels to reduce overdraft.�
The plan noted that water levels have fallen more than 60 feet in parts of the east valley and have also decreased substantially in the west valley, except near replenishment ponds. The plan said that continued overdraft would have significant consequences, such as higher costs to deepen wells, water quality degradation, and �land subsidence in some areas with resultant potential for ground fissures and damage to buildings, homes, sidewalks, streets, wells, and buried pipelines.�
Another document, the Coachella Valley Water District�s 2010 Urban Water Management Plan, declared that �continued decline of groundwater levels and overdraft is unacceptable.� It said that �in order to fulfill obligations to valley residents, these agencies must take action to prevent continuing decline of groundwater levels.�
Efforts and advancements
During the past three years, the water agencies have been aided by particularly large inflows of water from the Colorado River. The deliveries included both the valley�s allotment of Colorado River water and additional amounts of �exchange water� from the river, which the Metropolitan Water District trades for the Coachella Valley�s share from the State Water Project. Similarly large flows reached the valley in the mid-1980s and helped push up water levels in some areas for a time.
�There is a downward trend in the storage (of water). It is stabilizing a little bit with this recharge. How sustainable is that? I think it all depends on one thing, and that is how well we manage our water from this point on.�
� Arden Wallum, general manager, Mission Springs Water District
From 2010 to 2012, a total of 903,650 acre-feet from the Colorado River poured into ponds to replenish the aquifer. Those quantities by far surpassed the 582,116 acre-feet seen during the entire previous decade from 2000 to 2009.
Nearly one-third of the water used to replenish the aquifer during those three years � or 276,430 acre-feet � came through advance deliveries from the Metropolitan Water District, and that portion is to be repaid by the valley through reduced deliveries in future years. The Coachella Valley now owes the Metropolitan Water District a total of about 342,000 acre-feet.
For now, the influx of water is gradually spreading underground. Well levels have been rising in Cathedral City, several miles away from the replenishment ponds at Windy Point on the outskirts of Palm Springs.
Omar Ornelas, The Desert Sun
Checking one of the wells in a Cathedral City neighborhood, water district employee Saul Montalvo unlocked a metal lid atop the well and inserted a probe. He let the instrument descend by holding its measuring tape and unwinding it hand-over-hand from a spool.
When the probe hit water, the device buzzed. Montalvo stopped to take the measurement: 222 feet, an increase of more than 8 feet from earlier in the year.
�That fluctuation you�re seeing is the unique benefit of this advance delivery system,� Bigley said. He said the arrangement allows the Metropolitan Water District the flexibility of obtaining more water when it needs it, and brings the Coachella Valley higher water levels in some years, reducing pumping costs.
�We�re looking at the benefits of the water management plan,� Bigley said. �Replenishment is a key element of the package.�
Other factors that have helped groundwater levels include increased use of treated sewage to irrigate golf courses and parks. The valley�s water districts provide recycled water through purple pipes � which are used to distinguish treated sewage from potable water � to 18 of the valley�s 124 golf courses. The rest of the valley�s courses use groundwater or canal water from the Colorado River, paying rates or assessments that vary from about $42 per acre-foot to $110 per acre-foot.
DOCUMENT: Water rates
A comparison of rates charged by water agencies around California
Residential water use, meanwhile, has declined about 20 percent since the Coachella Valley Water District in 2009 adopted tiered rates that reward those who conserve and penalize those who don�t. DWA decided against adopting tiered rates after studying the possibility in 2010, and then approved flat rate increases that year and in 2012. Mission Springs Water District has had tiered rates since 1985, and the Indio Water Authority is now considering tiered rates that would charge more to customers who exceed a household water budget set by the city.
While water use has decreased, flows of Colorado River water to the ponds in La Quinta have been helping water levels in the east valley in the past three years.
�We see a really remarkable response from water levels to this recharge. Clear over north of the Salton Sea, we see groundwater levels increase rapidly,� said Michelle Sneed, a U.S. Geological Survey hydrologist who studies the sinking of ground levels in parts of the valley.
Sneed said she sees in the data an improving picture near the ponds in La Quinta and in surrounding areas. �Not only are the water levels coming back up, but we�re getting a little bit of rebound of the land surface,� she said. �There�s been 50-60 years of declines, and then they�re turning it around.�
The Coachella Valley also is set to receive increasing quantities from the Colorado River under the Quantification Settlement Agreement, buying water from the Imperial Irrigation District. Deliveries of water through the Coachella Canal are projected to gradually grow from 368,000 acre-feet to 459,000 acre-feet per year by 2026. Based on average per-household usage of about two-thirds of an acre-foot, the additional amounts predicted would be enough water to supply about 136,000 homes.
Limited water, growing demands
In his office at UC Irvine, Famiglietti opens his laptop and shows a colorful satellite map of the world, with shades of yellow, orange and red denoting declining aquifers and stretching across large swaths of the earth.
The map illustrates satellite data from a joint U.S.-German mission, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, or GRACE. It was launched in 2002 and consists of two satellites that fly separately in orbit 137 miles apart. The satellites monitor slight changes over time in Earth�s gravitational pull that occur when large quantities of water appear as snow or rain, or disappear due to drought or groundwater pumping.
�This is the global picture and it�s bad,� Famiglietti said. �All those red spots are hotspots of groundwater depletion that are happening all over the world: northwestern Australia, North China Plain, northwestern India, Bangladesh, Middle East, various regions around Africa.�
Much of California is covered in yellow or orange, showing that the state has been losing freshwater in the past decade.
�The future in California is just not bright, and we have to come to terms with that and begin actively managing our groundwater supplies for sustainability, for the future,� Famiglietti said.
�There are some future complications that have not adequately been incorporated into our water planning. A really big one is climate change. It just seems more and more evident from the science that flows in the Colorado could decrease over the coming decades, and in fact there�s some evidence that�s already happening. That�s going to put pressure on an already over-pressured system.�
� Peter Gleick, president and co-founder, Pacific Institute.
He and other researchers say that on top of heavy groundwater pumping for farms and growing urban populations, water supplies in much of the West are becoming less reliable due to climate change.
Prolonged drought has pushed reservoirs on the Colorado River to new lows, leaving them half empty and prompting water managers to respond with a plan to reduce the flow of water from Lake Powell to Lake Mead.
The Coachella Valley�s water managers are confident that even if the drought persists for the next couple of years and forces cuts in water deliveries, other areas in Arizona and Nevada would be affected first.
John Powell, Jr., president of the CVWD Board, said recently that while the shrinking river raises important issues, �we�re not really concerned about cutbacks.� He noted that Southern California water districts hold priority rights to Colorado River water.
But researchers also warn that along the Colorado River, cities and farming regions appear to be using more than the river can sustain. Studies have concluded that water demands are starting to outstrip the supplies provided by the river, and those findings suggest that in the long term, the Colorado River may become a less reliable source to replenish aquifers.
Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada has also declined dramatically. Less water has been flowing south from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta through the State Water Project, and as a result, the Coachella Valley and other Southern California water districts have received only 35 percent of their full allocation this year.
Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun
Without any recent water shipments, nearly all of the recharge ponds on the outskirts of Palm Springs have been dry for months. Workers have been using earthmovers for maintenance work during the dry period, scraping up accumulated silt from the ponds beside the spinning windmills of the San Gorgonio Pass.
In the long term, climate change presents complications that haven�t yet been adequately incorporated into water planning efforts, Gleick said. �It just seems more and more evident from the science that flows in the Colorado could decrease over the coming decades, and in fact there�s some evidence that�s already happening. That�s going to put pressure on an already over-pressured system.�
Given that outlook, it�s more important than ever for people to have accurate information about how much water is going into aquifers and how much is being pumped out, Gleick said. �It can�t be the old days of the Wild West anymore. We have to know who�s using how much water, and it has to be agreed upon and managed.�
DOCUMENT: Water demand
A table showing future water demand projections for the Coachella Valley
The amount of water pumped from wells in the Coachella Valley is projected to rise as population grows and more housing is built. The valley�s estimated annual water use as of 2010 stood at 678,600 acre-feet, or more than 221 billion gallons, and water managers have estimated that by 2040, water use could increase by 25 percent.
Future supplies will depend not only on imported water, but also on how efficiently water is used. Lavish water use has generally been tolerated by communities in the valley, where rates charged by water agencies range between $1.16 and $1.83 per 100 cubic feet. By comparison, rates in San Diego average $3.98 for the same quantity of water. In San Francisco, the average is $4.85.
Conservation measures in the California desert have also lagged behind those of some other regions in the Southwest.
DOCUMENT: Water use
A state report comparing water use among regions
A 2012 report by the state Department of Water Resources found that average water use in the Colorado River region, which includes the Coachella Valley and Imperial County, was by far the highest in California. The baseline figures representing typical water use by CVWD and DWA customers � 591 and 736 gallons per person per day, respectively � were among the highest in the state.
The report was prepared while determining targets for reductions in water use, and for each water district a 10-year baseline period was selected, for CVWD from 1999 to 2008 and for DWA from 1995-96 to 2004-05. In 2010, CVWD�s average residential water use declined to 482 gallons per person per day, and for DWA the average declined to 604 gallons per person. But both agencies say these water use figures are inflated by the calculation method because the valley�s large population of seasonal residents isn�t taken into account.
While equivalent figures are not available to directly compare the Coachella Valley to other regions in the Southwest, the available statistics suggest that other cities use significantly less water. Las Vegas, for instance, has mandatory watering restrictions and other aggressive water-saving policies, and its water use is much lower: 219 gallons per day last year. In Phoenix, the average per-capita residential water use stood at 110 gallons per day in 2012.
Some say the data show that public officials in the Coachella Valley haven�t done nearly enough and that the aquifer will likely continue to decline unless more aggressive steps are taken.
Share your thoughts in the comments or Tweet #CVwater
Manny Rosas, an Indio resident and retired water resources manager for Redwood City, said he is concerned about the water situation in the valley and has been reading reports by the water districts that lay out the issue of falling groundwater levels.
�We have a real problem because we are using more water than nature is able to replace,� said Rosas, whose work in Redwood City involved coping with a serious water supply problem and developing conservation and recycling programs.
�The board of directors, the city council, the leaders, need to overcome denial. Because nobody is going to ring the alarm bell and put a stop to the uncontrolled growth in the valley, unless they�re very courageous,� Rosas said. �It�s very difficult for people in government to sound the alarm bell, even though all the facts are there.�
Under state law, developers that plan large subdivisions of 500 homes or more are required to have a water supply assessment and a written verification that there are sufficient water supplies before they can start building. Smaller developments don�t need such assessments.
Many artificial oases throughout the valley draw water from wells and contribute to long-term declines in groundwater levels.
CVWD has approved water supply assessments for a list of developments during the past decade. Patti Reyes, CVWD�s planning and special programs manager, said the water district has never had to turn down a development because the valley�s water management plan evaluates water needs for the next 35 years and lays out plans for providing adequate water supplies.
But Rosas said he thinks more needs to be done to adopt �smart growth� policies, considering the limitations of water supplies. He suggests turning down some proposals for large housing subdivisions and requiring new developments to use filtered Colorado River water rather than pumping from wells.
He also said water agencies should adopt more stringent conservation programs with specific water-saving goals and annual progress reports.
�Because of the fact that we have a real crisis, that the groundwater depletion problem is real, that requires drastic solutions. I think it�s important to really be more aggressive on the way we�re using water for golf courses, for landscaping. Because the outdoor use is the one where we totally lose the water,� Rosas said. �The main problem right now is the denial that we have a crisis. That is the bottom line.�
He said that once the area�s leaders acknowledge there is still a water crisis, it will be easier to work toward solutions.
Lynne Stephenson contributed to this report.
Ian James can be reached by email at firstname.lastname@example.com and on Twitter at @TDSIanJames.


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Tom Getchell et al. v. Rogers Jewelry Court of Appeal, First District February 7, 2012
This is not the typical "slip and fall" case. Plaintiff Tom Getchell ("Getchell") was a business invitee of defendant Rogers Jewelry Store ("RJS"). He worked at RJS as an independent contractor repairing jewelry. At times he worked in the back break room, which was only accessible to Getchell and RJS employees. On the date of the incident, he was setting up his tools in the break room when he slipped on jewelry cleaning solution and fell, sustaining injuries. Getchell filed a personal injury complaint against RJS alleging negligence and premises liability. He alleged that: 1) he slipped in jewelry cleaning solution in the break room of RJS's store and; 2) the solution leaked on the floor from its container or was poured on the floor by an RJS employee. Getchell's wife sued for loss of consortium.
The trial court entered summary judgment in favor of RJS after finding that Getchell failed to establish that RJS had actual or constructive notice of the dangerous condition. Getchell appealed, contending that he was not required to show that RJS had notice because RJS employees created the dangerous condition that caused his injury.
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Camp GLOW (Girls Leading Our World)
From Peace Corps Wiki
Info about the Camp GLOW (Girls Leading Our World)
Camp GLOW (Girls Leading Our World) is a week-long, all-girls summer camp that empowers young Dominican women to make safe, healthy, and life-affirming decisions. Activities are held throughout the week, focusing on such themes as: sexual education, nutrition, healthy relationships, career planning, emotional well-being, self-esteem, and leadership. The 60+ Dominican youth also have the opportunity to participate in sports and arts activities including: volleyball, yoga, creative writing, drama, drawing and crafts. Camp GLOW provides participants with the opportunity to interact with female mentors, by having both professional Dominican women guests as well as American Peace Corps Volunteer counselors. Our goal is to provide female Dominican youth with the information, affirmation and encouragement they need to make healthy life decisions, believe in themselves and dream big. In the Dominican Republic, Camp GLOW is known as Campamento Estrellas de Hoy (Camp Stars of Today) and is held in July. For many girls this experience is the first time away from their rural communities and families. Campers have the opportunity to share and learn with other young women from different parts of the country. The results are truly inspiring—the closing evening activity includes stars, affirmations, s'mores, tears and hugs.
Note: This summary was provided by a Peace Corps Volunteer and the community administering this project.


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+ - AIM is now available via GMail/GoogleTalk
Submitted by cmeans
cmeans writes: "Ever since myjabber.org started redirecting to google.com (early November), I wondered if this was a hint that Google was finally going to start supporting other transports via it's Jabber / XMPP based IM service. AIM is now an option under GMail's Settings/Chat. I've not yet been able to log into my AIM account, but this is at least a start. Hopefully, MSN and Yahoo! transports won't be far behind."


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Imaging dynamics of CD11c+ cells and Foxp3+ cells in progressive autoimmune insulitis in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes
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The aim of this study was to visualise the dynamics and interactions of the cells involved in autoimmune-driven inflammation in type 1 diabetes.
We adopted the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) transplantation model to perform non-invasive imaging of leucocytes infiltrating the endocrine pancreas during initiation and progression of insulitis in the NOD mouse. Individual, ACE-transplanted islets of Langerhans were longitudinally and repetitively imaged by stereomicroscopy and two-photon microscopy to follow fluorescently labelled leucocyte subsets.
We demonstrate that, in spite of the immune privileged status of the eye, the ACE-transplanted islets develop infiltration and beta cell destruction, recapitulating the autoimmune insulitis of the pancreas, and exemplify this by analysing reporter cell populations expressing green fluorescent protein under the Cd11c or Foxp3 promoters. We also provide evidence that differences in morphological appearance of subpopulations of infiltrating leucocytes can be correlated to their distinct dynamic behaviour.
Together, these findings demonstrate that the kinetics and dynamics of these key cellular components of autoimmune diabetes can be elucidated using this imaging platform for single cell resolution, non-invasive and repetitive monitoring of the individual islets of Langerhans during the natural development of autoimmune diabetes.
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- Nyqvist, D, Kohler, M, Wahlstedt, H, Berggren, PO (2005) Donor islet endothelial cells participate in formation of functional vessels within pancreatic islet grafts. Diabetes 54: pp. 2287-2293 CrossRef
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- Steven, P, Bock, F, Huttmann, G, Cursiefen, C (2011) Intravital two-photon microscopy of immune cell dynamics in corneal lymphatic vessels. PLoS One 6: pp. e26253 CrossRef
- Tang, Q, Bluestone, JA (2008) The Foxp3+ regulatory T cell: a jack of all trades, master of regulation. Nat Immunol 9: pp. 239-244 CrossRef
- Abdulreda, MH, Faleo, G, Molano, RD (2011) High-resolution, noninvasive longitudinal live imaging of immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108: pp. 12863-12868 CrossRef
- Liu, K, Nussenzweig, MC (2010) Origin and development of dendritic cells. Immunol Rev 234: pp. 45-54 CrossRef
- Calderon, B, Suri, A, Miller, MJ, Unanue, ER (2008) Dendritic cells in islets of Langerhans constitutively present beta cell-derived peptides bound to their class II MHC molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: pp. 6121-6126 CrossRef
- Turley, S, Poirot, L, Hattori, M, Benoist, C, Mathis, D (2003) Physiological beta cell death triggers priming of self-reactive T cells by dendritic cells in a type-1 diabetes model. J Exp Med 198: pp. 1527-1537 CrossRef
- Alvarez, D, Vollmann, EH, Andrian, UH (2008) Mechanisms and consequences of dendritic cell migration. Immunity 29: pp. 325-342 CrossRef
- Korpos, E, Kadri, N, Kappelhoff, R (2012) Leukocyte penetration of the peri-islet basement membrane—a rate-limiting step in development of type 1 diabetes in mouse and man. Diabetes 62: pp. 531-542 CrossRef
- Title
- Imaging dynamics of CD11c+ cells and Foxp3+ cells in progressive autoimmune insulitis in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes
- Journal
Volume 56, Issue 12 , pp 2669-2678
- Cover Date
- 2013-12-01
- 10.1007/s00125-013-3024-8
- Print ISSN
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0428
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Animal–mouse
- Imaging
- Islet degeneration and damage
- Islet transplantation
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Anja Schmidt-Christensen (1) (2)
- Lisbeth Hansen (1) (2)
- Erwin Ilegems (3)
- Nina Fransén-Pettersson (1) (2)
- Ulf Dahl (4)
- Shashank Gupta (1) (2)
- Åsa Larefalk (4)
- Tine D. Hannibal (1) (2)
- Alexander Schulz (5)
- Per-Olof Berggren (3)
- Dan Holmberg (1) (2) (4)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. ISIM–Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 2. EMV–Immunology, Lund University, BMC, C14, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- 3. The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 4. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- 5. Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark


text:
Following the destruction of Kalas Mahal, the 244-year-old heritage building fronting the Marina Beach, in a fire accident last year, the government enacted the Heritage Commission Act. This Act enables the constitution of a 17-member commission to advise the government on matters relating to conservation of heritage buildings in the State and plan for their protection.
Though this Act was passed a year ago, the promised heritage commission has not yet been constituted. Sources told The Hindu that the government has not finalised the names of members of the commission and the file containing the recommendations is pending.
This delay has created confusion about the status of the Heritage Conservation Committee (HCC), which is currently functioning as a part of the CMDA. There is confusion among the heritage activists and the property owners whether HCC would be recognised by the Act. CMDA sources said that they have legal opinion in their favour and the HCC would continue. However, doubts would rest only when the commission starts to function and clarifies the status of HCC.
Dr. S. Suresh, Convenor of INTACH Tamil Nadu Chapter, explained that the "The purpose of the Act is to prevent further loss of historic buildings and sites. Any delay in implementing it would increase the loss of our built heritage," he cautioned.
The government enacted a law enabling the constitution of a commission after the fire in Kalas Mahal


text:
I know these are business decisions Blizzard chose to do but this is just silly.
I know these are business decisions Blizzard chose to do but this is just silly.
I am KickButtMario. I kick butt because I am Mario. The coolest, longest, living, protagonist out there in the video game industry.
There have been so many fanboy posts since I last checked... eheeheheh awesome. You guys still don't understand rofl. I see you guys talkin about "haters," speculating what they would think the haters are going to say is gonna be the "WoW Killer." But as we all know, nothing will kill this game unless blizzard successfully does it themselfs, which is totally a possibility. When people like myself say that wow is dying, we mean that the spark of imagination and fascination that was once inspired by this game is now nothing but an island full of panadas. I understand that some people like that, and good for you (really good for you!), but that aint my cup of tea. I think using the term "haters" is incorrect as well, I'm sure that each of us labeled as a "hater" truly loves this game deep down, and hell some of us might even be back, when theres content we want to do. So, stop being douchebags pls, don't you have anything better to do than think you're better then us?
All I know is that the sound of my stocks just went up another 3%.
Annual pass was a stroke of brilliance from Blizzard.
Lol at people still being stupid.
I am KickButtMario. I kick butt because I am Mario. The coolest, longest, living, protagonist out there in the video game industry.
Rises, drops - all numbers from Blizzard are meaningless without a breakdown of the subs by region, long-term versus short-term subs, etc. I mean, they've been padding those numbers with Chinese players for years, and all they have to do to be considered a subscriber for that month is log on for one hour (they pay by the hour - there is actually no such thing as a subscriber in China). That's it. Pay for one hour of game time (mere pennies) in China and you are a "subscriber." So what does it matter if the numbers go up or down or stay steady? At least 5 million of those aren't even subscribers at all. It's a pointless discussion.
---------- Post added 2012-05-11 at 03:20 AM ----------
Beware of the man who works hard to learn something, learns it, and finds himself no wiser than before... He is full of murderous resentment of people who are ignorant without having come by their ignorance the hard way. -Kurt Vonnegut, "Cat's Cradle"
You must be joking, right?
Guild Wars 2 system sucks. And dont get this wrong, the game is very good, but the instancing system is the worst crap i have ever seen. When you are grouped with friends that are not in your same "instance" so you cant SEE them that system is a crap.
Yeah, i know, there are many shortcuts to gater in the same instance (getting into the capital and then going out to the world again, logging in and out untill the system decides to put you and your friends in the same "instance", using checkpoints even when they cost money to try to get into the same "instance") but those are all shortcuts that players must undertake because the system just sucks.
About the guest feature, it isnt available to test in the Beta's so i wouldnt know if its a good one or not.
Yea we get it, if you like this news you're a fanboy, if you hate it you're a hater.
Here's the facts. WoW was released in 2004 and still has 10x the subscriber base of any MMO to date. Try to dispute that.
Hey my prediction was right for once.
In WoW, you need to know when and where you have to use your abilities, how to use them correctly in whatever situation you need, etc. You also need to adapt to situations should things screw up. Depending on the situation, the ability to play under stress. Most importantly, you need to learn how to work with a team. This is stuff you already know, but take for granted and you might say "those things don't take that much skill". That is the thing, for YOU it doesn't take that much skill. For others, it doesn't come as easy. For me, if this game was truly easy, my dad (who doesn't play any kind of video games) should be able to pick it up a proper heroic raiding toon and be able to do decent dps and without really dying on heroics within a day, WITHOUT using outside resources or sites, basically no research, just straight into the game. I am not saying this game is very hard, cause it isn't hard for me from the content I have experienced. I just don't believe someone who is in one of the top raiders such as yourself should say how easy the heroic raiding content is and everyone else sucks. It could just be, you are really that good and it just seems easy.
how much of those 10.2 million accounts are in North America and Europe alone? and, how much of those are unique accounts, not counting ones belonging to multi-boxers? because that's all that matters.
the bulk of the people playing are in China/Korea, who don't even pay as much as other countries do (they pay only by the hour which turns out to be A LOT cheaper per month than it is for NA/EU).
10 million subs sounds great and all, but its nothing really when you consider that more than half of that is from China/Korea, and a lot of people multi-box, thus having more than one account.
Blizzard really isn't swimming in the money as much as people assume they are. and WoW doesn't really have THAT much players playing anymore as much as people believe (at least, on the NA/EU realms).
Also, an MMO doesn't need millions of subs to be successful. there is still many MMOs going strong with 500K and under subs. you also have to know that a lot of other MMOs aren't released worldwide either, just within North America and Europe.
WoW is by no means in "bad condition", but its not getting any better either nor is it in its prime anymore.
WoW isn't going to die, but Cata dropped 2 mil subs that it's still yet to recover, even through various ploys that have been released around the end of quarter.
I feel justified still when I say WoW is a great game, but Cata is a terrible expansion. Hopefully MoP will address the issues, but I doubt with the current wave of gaming attitude towards instant gratification and getting rewarded for the time you spent not the effort you put in I personally doubt it. WoW will continue, but without most of the older players who will look for something to remind them of the older days.
That said, I hope MoP gives people reasons to not sit around in the cities non stop once everyone's 90. Cata was terrible for that.
You have to hand it to Blizzard. They fully understand their player base. They know what enticements will work on people. Their marketing strategies are almost perfect. Instant gratification is the name of the game. They learned that towards the end of BC and all through WotLK. Cataclysm, at release, was actually a step away from that. They actually started to try to force people to earn rewards. To go out and discover the world. Remember having to actually discover the entrances to each dungeon before you could queue for it? That requirement disappeared almost instantly. They quickly realized their mistake when they lost a massive amount of subs. They knew exactly what to do plug the hole, though. Exactly what they learned from previous expansions. Throw stuff at people, and they will come. I, for one, commend Blizzard on their brilliance. Not many companies can pull customers they way they do.
A true Patriot fights for their country, not for their government.
This is the tale not of the Horde as it exists today, a loose organization of orc,tauren,forsaken,troll, and blood elf, but of the rise of the very first Horde. Its birth, like that of any infant, was marked by blood and pain, and its harsh cries for life meant death to its enemies.


text:
Lawmakers visit White House for budget talks
WASHINGTON President Barack Obama sat down with leaders of Congress at a crucial deficit-reduction negotiating session Thursday as the White House signaled a willingness to reduce costs for major benefit programs like Social Security and Medicare while Republicans indicated they might consider new steps to raise revenue.
Obama met with the leaders of both parties around a table in the Cabinet Room as they struggled to reach a deal on raising the government's debt limit with less than four weeks remaining before the government faces the prospect of a first-ever default on U.S. financial obligations.
"I think there will be a spirit of trying to get results here," House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, R-Va., said early Thursday.
While discussions on trimming the costs of entitlement programs had centered on Medicare, the health care program for older Americans, the White House is revisiting a proposal raised earlier in the negotiations to change the inflation measurement used to calculate Social Security cost-of-living adjustments, thus reducing annual increases.
House Speaker John Boehner told reporters before leaving for the White House that proposals to reform the tax code are "under discussion" as part of budget talks with Obama, but the Ohio Republican promised that any such plans won't "raise taxes on the American people."
"We believe that comprehensive tax reform, both on the corporate side and the personal side, will make America more competitive, help create jobs in our country, and is something that is under discussion," Boehner said.
The White House signaled Wednesday that the president is aiming for deficit reduction closer to $4 trillion over 10 years - an ambitious number that would nearly double the roughly $2 trillion that had been at the center of negotiations. Negotiations are gaining urgency by the day, because Republicans are insisting on major cuts to the deficit as the price for approving legislation to maintain the government's ability to borrow money and stave off a market-rattling default.
Democratic and Republican officials familiar with the discussions said Thursday that Social Security was in the mix for potential cost savings. Reintroducing the retirement program to the talks is likely to cause anxiety among congressional Democrats who have insisted that Social Security does not contribute to the nation's deficit problems.
The officials spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the talks. They stressed that no aspect of the deal had been accepted by either side.
Obama ignored a question about Social Security during a photo session at the beginning of the meeting.
One official said that an option under discussion would allow Republicans to make a commitment to overhaul and simplify the tax system that would lower individual and corporate tax rates while closing loopholes, ending some deductions and limiting other tax subsidies. Those changes could generate tax revenue and was central element of a deficit reduction plan proposed by a bipartisan commission early this year.
That discussion also included lowering the costs of Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid.
Amid media reports Thursday of Social Security's inclusion in the debt-cutting talks, Obama's chief spokesman, Jay Carney, pushed back.


text:
Ed Hardy Skull and Roses Glove (Men's)
Product Details
Style: EH0930
Strong and sweet, fierce and subtle...the Ed Hardy Skull and Roses Gloves do more than protect your hands on they slopes. The artistry of these Ed Hardy gloves represents the style and attitude of skiers and snowboarders everywhere. Made of durable Oxford nylon, this glove also rocks Thinsulate C40 Insulation and tricot lining. Additionally, the elastic in the wrist and pull cord allows for adjustment to keep the cold and snow out, and your hands warm. Rock these gloves with the quiet confidence you emulate.
- Glove is made from Oxford nylon
- Insulation is Thinsulate C40 with a tricot lining
- Webbed wrist strap with a hook closure
- Leather patch with Ed Hardy artwork on the back of the hand
- Elastic wrist with pull cord and toggle for adjustability
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Wing Historian Officer BookDetachment 105 Fall 2007
by C/Capt Michael B Getha
This is the Wing Historian Officer Book from the Fall 2007 semester at the 105th Detachment of the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps.
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February 27, 2014
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Ray Sterling, Senior Executive Office, First State Financial retires after 38 years in the banking industry. Ray began his banking career with The National Bank of Middlesboro on Aug. 2, 1976. The National Bank was sold to C & C Bank of Bell County in 1981 and then in 1984 was purchased by First State Bank, now First State Financial. Prior to his retirement Ray served on the bank's Board of Directors. First State Financial President/CEO Katherine Reese Capps stated, "Ray has a long history with First State Financial and he will be greatly missed. We wish him good luck with the next chapter of his life."