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Pistorius begins track routine
A bearded and much skinnier Oscar Pistorius was ''overcome with emotion'' as he pulled on his carbon fiber running blades for his first track training since the killing of girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, his agent said.
With a short beard and a blue hooded Nike sports top, the lean-looking double-amputee Olympian did some light jogging at his first formal session in around five months on Thursday. He then described his return to a regular track routine for the first time since he fatally shot Steenkamp at his home on Feb. 14 as ''bittersweet'' to his agent, Peet van Zyl.
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''It was a very emotional experience for him to put the blades back on, to walk back onto the track, get the smell of the track,'' Van Zyl, who went to the track at the University of Pretoria with Pistorius, told The AP on Friday. ''It was tough for him. He said to me it was like a bittersweet feeling and emotion for him to be back on the track.''
Pistorius' return to training was seen in a brief video clip released by his family. In the footage, which is around two minutes long, the athlete is first sitting on a chair at his usual training track at the university pulling on his running blades. He then does some light jogging on the sunbathed track and, finally, wipes his face with both hands as he walks off the track, hinting at the emotion Van Zyl described.
Pistorius was charged with premeditated murder for Steenkamp's Valentine's Day shooting death. He denies murder and says he shot his girlfriend accidentally, believing she was an intruder in his house.
Pistorius' next court appearance is Aug. 19, when prosecutors may indict him and a date could be set for the start of his murder trial, possibly in September or October. He faces a life sentence with a minimum of 25 years in prison if he is convicted by a judge of premeditated murder. There is no trial by jury in South Africa.
South African police said the investigation into Pistorius' shooting of Steenkamp was ''at an advanced stage,'' but declined to give further details, saying they ''cannot be drawn into discussing the merits of the case.''
Prosecutors have said police will conclude their investigations by August and continue to probe the circumstances of Pistorius' pre-dawn killing of Steenkamp, whom he shot multiple times through a toilet cubicle door.
PISTORIUS' CAREERA look back at the memorable moments in Oscar Pistorius' career.
In the last few months, the 26-year-old Pistorius has lost weight - about 10-12 kilograms - and spends much of his time doing household chores at the Pretoria home of his uncle as he awaits his murder trial, Van Zyl said. Pistorius looked much leaner in the video footage than he was at the London Olympics and Paralympics last year.
Pistorius telephoned Van Zyl and his coach, Ampie Louw, about a week ago to say he was ready to train again.
''(He) said, `Guys I think I'm ready to resume training,'' Van Zyl said.
Van Zyl and Pistorius' family, who also released a statement along with the footage, said Pistorius' return to regular training was to help his own mental process ahead of a likely lengthy murder trial, and he was still not planning on competing anytime in 2013.
''His focus at this time remains entirely on the court case,'' the Pistorius family said. ''His family and those close to him have encouraged him to spend a few hours a week on the track to assist him in finding the necessary mental and emotional equilibrium to process his trauma and prepare for the trial.''
Thursday's visit was the second time Pistorius has been seen on the university track since he killed Steenkamp.
A March sighting spurred speculation he was back in training, which was denied by his family, who described him then as being in ''an extremely traumatized state'' and not willing to contemplate training at that time. Then, Pistorius was photographed by a schoolgirl on a cellphone while he was walking on the track, but he made that visit without the knowledge of anyone else, his agent said, and waited for a group of athletes he took to the track to leave before he put on his blades and just walked around.
His new routine will involve around three to four sessions a week and be run by Louw, Pistorius' longtime coach and the man who introduced him to athletics when Pistorius was a teenager and still at school.
Van Zyl said Pistorius had discovered he was desperately missing running and training.
''I think the emotions yesterday show how much he really did miss being back on the track and being able to run,'' Van Zyl said. ''Obviously with the world championships, both Paralympic world championships and IAAF world championships getting closer, it's even tougher for him not be running or training or competing.''
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I wasnt sure which forum to post this on, so I just posted it here, since this seems to be the most viewed. I will be there on Sat. and Sun. Is anyone here going?
Ive always went to the feasts for as long as I can remember, and it especially is close to my heart, since alot of my ancestors emmigrated to the US from Panni, Fogia and moved directly to Mulberry St ( which is where the feast is held for those that dont know ) as their first home in the new country. Anyone thats in the area should go and have a great time!!!!
Heres the link for info -

subset: commoncrawl


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Come spend a fun summer at beautiful Camp Natarswi! As the part-time Health Services Assistant you will assist the Health Services Director in the oversight of health and safety of campers and staff at camp.
1. Ensures each staff member/camper has a current health history and examination form on file and assists in maintenance of these records for the duration of the camp season.
2. Participates in efficient check-in system for health screening/medications for arriving campers/staff. Participates in efficient health incident consultations/medication check-out during camper/staff departure.
3. Conducts an inventory of supplies at the beginning and end of each camp season.
6. Establishes and follows appropriate medical procedures: record-keeping in daily medical log; disposal of medical waste; managing/safeguarding medications and distribution; utilizing standing orders.
7. Posts daily hours for daily medications and health calls.
8. Responds to camper/staff health concerns promptly, no matter the time of day or night. Assures can be contacted by Camp Director and other staff AT ALL TIMES.
9. Makes appointments with medical/dental personnel and escorts campers/staff to appointments.
10. Develops and maintains first aid kits – one for each campsite, program area, kitchen/dining hall, and camp office.
11. Participates in and leads specific areas of staff training pertaining to camp health and safety.
12. Completes accident/incident reports as soon as possible after accident/incident and gives to Camp Director.
13. Supervises all campers who are required to stay in the health center.
14. Monitors health of all campers and camp staff during camp season.
15. Assists in packing all materials and supplies for winter storage at the end of the season.
16. Prepares a summary and evaluation of the camp season including inventories, staff evaluations, camper reports on health problems, and makes recommendations for the following season.
17. Monitors/evaluates camp procedures, facilities and conditions in the camp.
18. Other duties as assigned.
While on site, housing and meals are provided, as well as access to fun camp activities! Qualified applicants must be a Physician Assistant, Registered Nurse, Licensed Practical Nurse, Emergency Medical Technician, Wilderness First Responder, or Athletic Trainer licensed/certified to practice in the state of Maine (license reciprocity with other states may also be an option). This will be a part-time position, primarily covering weekends and assisting at check-in and check-out. Date for Resident Camp June 26 to Aug 2, Part Health Service Assistant will work 2 days each week.
Girl Scouts of Maine, Camp Natarswi
PO Box 270
· Acceptance of and adherence to the purpose and principles of Girl Scouting as embodied in the promise, law, and program goals. Willingness to become a registered member of the organization
· Twenty-one years of age or older
· Valid driver's license, car, and a clean driving record
· Licensed/certified as a Physician Assistant, Registered Nurse, Licensed Practical Nurse, Emergency Medical Technician, Wilderness First Responder, or Athletic Trainer in the state of Maine (required). License reciprocity with other states may be an option.
· Experience and willingness to work with children and young adults in the outdoors
· Ability to originate and update/monitor health care procedures; maintain records; and implement health care plan
· Current CPR and First Aid certification
Must be licensed/certified as a Physician Assistant, Registered Nurse, Licensed Practical Nurse, Emergency Medical Technician, Wilderness First Responder, or Athletic Trainer in the state of Maine. License reciprocity with other states may be an option.
A fun summer in a beautiful outdoor setting in Maine, helping to assure girls have a safe and healthy time at camp. You will also have access to swimming in a pristine pond, canoeing/funyaking, and hiking trails. Meals and lodging are included.


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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceGeneral Electric Refrigerator
Level of DifficultyReally easy
Time to do repairLess than 15 mins
Age of Appliance1 - 4 years
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turn off water remove back cover remove 1 screw holding water valve use wrench to remove main water line input push up holders on bottom of selinoids pull both output lines loose disconnect two electrical plugs reinstall new valve in reverse order
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Part Number: PS304374
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The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
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J. Venkatesan
New Delhi: The Supreme Court on Thursday stayed a Madras High Court order directing Chettinad Medical College, a private self-financing institution, to surrender 65 per cent of its seats to the Government. In Chennai, the Directorate of Medical Education withheld allotment orders for 62 students who had appeared for counselling for the seats in Chettinad Medical College.
The High Court, in its common judgment on July 12, struck down the provisions on seat sharing but held that the ruling would be effective only from next year.
A Bench of Justice B.N. Agrawal and Justice P.P. Naolekar stayed the High Court judgment so far as Dr. Rajah Muthiah Chettiar Charitable and Educational Trust, which runs the college was concerned. It said, "Prima facie we are of the view that when certain provisions having been struck down by the High Court, a question may arise as to whether the High Court was justified in passing such an order. In view of this, we direct that notice be issued to the respondents."
"No power"
When senior counsel Arun Jaitley, appearing for the college, said that the High Court had directed that admissions be made on the basis of the law that had been struck down, the Bench said, "The High Court has no such power to declare prospective operation. Only the apex court has such a power."
Senior counsel A.K. Ganguly, appearing for the State, submitted that such a direction was issued on the basis of a consensual agreement. He said 160 engineering colleges, members of the Consortium, had given their consent in writing.
When Mr. Jaitley pointed out that no such undertaking was given by the Chettinad College, Mr. Ganguly said that of the three private medical colleges, two had agreed for the arrangement on seat sharing.
The Bench told Mr. Ganguly "When you say there is agreement, where is the need for a law. If you say there is legislative command {to private colleges} to provide 65 per cent of the seats, you can even fix 99.9 per cent seats to be surrendered. Can you compel those colleges, who had not signed the agreement, to surrender the seats by legislative command? This is completely against the 'Inamdar' judgment."


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Submitted on Wednesday, 29th October 2014
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The Blacks Head
Postal town: Stoke-On-Trent
Served areas
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Reviews of The Blacks Head (Average Rating: 6 of 10) see review guidelines
Alan Winfield left this review about The Blacks Head
The Blacks Head is situated in the middle of Upper Tean.
Once inside the front area is oblong shaped with the bar facing,the room is carpeted and has black leather bench seating and black leather bucket chairs,there is a pool table and darts board to the right,the rear area is square shaped.
There were three real ales on the bar,i had a drink of Bass which was a decent drink,the other beers were Alton Oblivion and Pedigree.
Abba was playing on the background music.
This pub looked more like a night club than proper pub on the inside.
Pub visited 27/9/2014
On 12th October 2014
- rating: 6
[User has posted 4906 recommendations about 4906 pubs]
No known official website for this pub.
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Pub Details
Pub details supplied by members of this site to the best of their knowledge. Please check with pub directly before making a special trip.
- Darts : Yes last updated 12 October 2014 by Alan Winfield
- Pool Table : Yes last updated 12 October 2014 by Alan Winfield
- Real Ale : Yes last updated 09 May 2014 by Dave McNally


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All Items > Knives > Folding Knives > $15 through $29.99
Schrade Old Timer Lumberjack Stockman Sawcut Pocket Knife
- Overall Length:8.00"
- Blade Length:3.50"
- Cutting Edge:3.00"
- Blade Thickness:0.11"
- Number of Blades:3
- Blade Material:7Cr17
- Blade Style:Clip Point, Sheepsfoot, Spey
- Blade Grind:Flat
- Finish:Satin
- Edge Type:Plain
- Handle Length:4.50"
- Handle Thickness:0.63"
- Handle Material:Delrin
- Color:Brown
- Frame/Liner:Brass
- Weight:3.96 oz.
- Knife Type:Manual
- Opener:Nail Nick
- Lock Type:Slip Joint
- Brand:Schrade
- Model:Stockman
- Model Number:858OT
- Country of Origin:China
- Best Use:Everyday Carry
- Product Type:Knife
This classic Old Timer Lumberjack Stockman folding knife is an American tradition. The Lumberjack features satin finished stainless steel clip point and sheepsfoot blades on one end and a clip point spey blade on the other end of the handle. The handle features textured delrin scales over brass liners, heat-treated back springs, polished nickel silver bolsters, and brass rivet construction.
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Copyright ©2015 Blade Play. All rights reserved


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IGI Laboratories Signs Product Development Agreement With CHS
August 6, 2008
US-based IGI Laboratories has signed a product development agreement with Cancer Health Solutions Resources.
IGI with Cancer Health Solutions Resources (CHS) will develop a Novasome technology based over the counter sunscreen product containing CHS's proprietary ingredients that may enhance the antioxidant effect of normal skin cells.
Rajiv Mathur, president and CEO of IGI, said: "We look forward to working with CHS on this project to develop a sunscreen that may have an antioxidant effect on normal cells and may protect the cells from the sun's UV rays.
"Additionally, our Novasome technology offers the added benefit of a unique capability of combining incompatible drug molecules into one product."


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RML eclipses BMW in the all-time records... 2013 season kicks of triumphantly with double victory & first 1-2 of the year. Muller leads the drivers' championship with 55 points and Chilton second on 32.
Yvan Muller time is a new qualifying lap record for Monza and nearly 1.5 seconds faster than the previous record.
RML's title defence kicks off in low-key fashion with two-day UK test programme.
Former F1 Chief Engineer Steve Farrell will be the race engineer for James Nash in the Bamboo Engineering Chevrolet Cruze. The first event in the 2013 WTCC calendar takes place at Monza in Italy in March.
They are a well known manufacturer and distributor of high quality specialist hand tools for the automotive industry.
The success of the Chevrolet teams and drivers in the World Touring Car Championship has been a journey which is highlighted in the video.
Eight-year WTCC participation ends with 68 wins in 178 races


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Alex Stephanouk is senior vice president and internal audit executive of Aflac Incorporated.
Stephanouk joined Aflac Incorporated in 2009 as vice president of Internal Audit, where he was responsible for all corporate Internal Audit activities and reported to the Aflac Incorporated Audit Committee. He was promoted to his current position in 2012.
Prior to joining Aflac, Stephanouk was managing director of Advisory Services at KPMG in Atlanta, and he also worked as manager of Business Process Risk Consulting at Arthur Andersen, LLP.
Stephanouk holds the Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) and the Certified Risk Management Assessor (CRMA) designations. Additionally, he serves on the board of governors of the Columbus Chapter of the Institute of Internal Auditors and is the treasurer for the board of directors for the Family Center, a local not-for-profit organization. He also serves on the LSU Center for Internal Auditing Advisory Board.
Stephanouk earned a bachelor's degree in marketing from Auburn University. He earned a Master of Business Administration in internal audit and human resources from Louisiana State University.


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Need to know: Unhappy bankersStrange jobsGoldman dress code
Australia-listed natural gas producer Buccaneer Energy Ltd. is opening its books to potential suitors in coming weeks, a senior board member told Deal Journal Australia.
"Everything's on the table, including farm-ins, investments at the company level, a dual listing on a North American stock exchange or possibly a change of control transaction," Sydney-based director Dean Gallegos said in an interview on Monday.
Buccaneer has a market value of 64 million Australian dollars (US$66.4 million), but said in a March 28 regulatory filing that it believes its proven reserves in Alaska's Cook Inlet are worth US$342 million. The company has appointed Canaccord Genuity Ltd. to lead a strategic review focused on improving shareholder value.
Australian retail and property magnate Brett Blundy has relocated to Singapore, joining a peer group of foreign tycoons moving to the affluent island nation, people with knowledge of the situation told The Wall Street Journal.
Mr. Blundy, Australia's 33rd richest person with a fortune of US$835 million according to Forbes, founded BB Retail Capital in 1980. He built up his initial fortune by growing a single record store called "Disco Duck" into a 238-store strong Sanity Entertainment Group, encompassing HMV and Virgin Entertainment, before selling it in 2009.
BB Retail Capital's current investments include a 40% stake in BridgeClimb, a company which has enabled more than 3 million people to reach the top of the iconic Sydney Harbour Bridge, as well as majority stakes in retail brands Diva and Lovisa.
KKR & Co. has bolstered its Australian ranks, poaching Deutsche Bank managing director Diane Raposio, according to an internal memo circulated within the bank, obtained by Deal Journal Australia.
Ms. Raposio, the bank's Sydney-based head of leveraged debt capital markets for Australia and New Zealand, joined Deustche in London in 2007. She was formerly a director at both Barclays and UBS in London, having begun her career as an actuary with AMP Ltd.
Ms. Raposio will be replaced by Marla Heller, the bank's Sydney-based Asia Pacific head of credit portfolio strategies, with a transition period of a few weeks.
South Africa's Sasol Ltd. once aspired to develop a gas-to-liquids project in Papua New Guinea, snapping up acreage near several large natural gas discoveries made by rivals.
That was nearly five years ago. Fast forward to now and Sasol—the world's biggest producer of motor fuels from coal—is planning an exit from the Southeast Asian country.
Sasol's experience in Papua New Guinea underscores the risks taken by energy companies hunting for new sources of oil and gas, even in areas where there has been success with the drillbit in the past. While seismic data shot over acreage in the country's western forelands region looked promising, Sasol's Awapa-1 exploration well drilled in mid-2011 came up dry.
Timing is everything, many bankers swear.
So, a potential power glut in New Zealand couldn't have come at a worse moment for the country's first privatization since the late 1990s.
New Zealand's offer of shares in Mighty River Power Ltd., which generates around 17% of the country's electricity, is set to open April 15. However, the stock may struggle to live up to pricing expectations outlined in its prospectus as investors weigh risks, including the possible closure of a Rio Tinto PLC-controlled smelter that would likely lead to an oversupply of electricity.
The government is looking to sell 49% of Mighty River Power and raise as much as 1.92 billion New Zealand dollars (US$1.61 billion). Shares will be offered to investors in a range of NZ$2.35 to NZ$2.80, according to the prospectus. The government will retain a 51% stake in the company, which it says is worth up to NZ$3.92 billion.
Many miners are battening down the hatches as iron ore prices fall again. BC Iron Ltd.'s new managing director, however, is taking a different approach.
Morgan Ball says the Perth-based company should aim to double in value and look for new projects that can complement its majority owned Nullagine mine in the Pilbara region, which will soon be able to produce 6 million tons of iron ore for export annually.
"I'd love to get us to a billion dollar company as our next growth horizon and that will involve risk, because it will include M&A," said Mr. Ball, who is due to replace long-term BC Iron Managing Director Mike Young next month.
Australian investment manager QIC and Hong Kong's Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings Ltd. are among parties competing to buy APA Group's Moomba to Adelaide Pipeline System, which is worth up to 500 million Australian dollars (US$521 million), people familiar with the matter said Thursday.
A deal to acquire the pipeline, which transports natural gas from the remote Cooper Basin to the South Australian capital of Adelaide, is likely to be agreed by the end of April, one of the people said.
A recent move by Australia's Woodside Petroleum Ltd. to acquire a controlling stake in Israel's biggest natural gas field has presented its minority owner Royal Dutch Shell PLC with a potential political challenge keeping its Arabic partners on side.
Royal Dutch Shell PLC is no stranger to the hazards of doing business in the Middle East. However analysts say the Anglo-Dutch oil company may look offload its 23.1% interest in Woodside, valued at about $7 billion, to avoid any further strains.
"Given the geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and Shell's significant investments in the region outside of Israel, we anticipate a selldown to dispel any perception amongst other Middle Eastern countries that Shell is investing either directly or indirectly in Israel," said Luke Smith, an analyst at Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
Online start-up AgendaSelects is seeking up to 1 million Australian dollars (US$1.04 million) to fund growth, founder Blake Hutchison told Deal Journal Australia.
The Melbourne-based venture intends to create a marketplace for consumer-related subscriptions, following the footsteps of companies like Etsy, which brings together buyers and sellers of handicraft wares, and Expedia Inc., which connects users to hotels and airlines.
"If you're a consumer, there is no single service today that offers you the convenience of shopping on subscription, so as you can receive your products on a determined delivery schedule," Mr. Hutchison explained. "If you have a favorite wine, if you eat muesli daily, or if you use the same moisturizer brand monthly, you should be able to subscribe to them," he said, adding that the recurring, predictable revenue is a key benefit to brands.
Australian coal industry magnate Nathan Tinkler, whose wealth has deteriorated due to a slump in prices for the fuel, said Tuesday he was looking to sell Patinack Farm, the country's largest locally owned thoroughbred racing and stud business.
Mr. Tinkler said in a statement that he no longer had "the time to manage" Patinack Farm, adding that his Tinkler Group would narrow its focus to its resources, port-and-rail infrastructure and property investments. The businessman is looking to fetch as much as 200 million Australian dollars (US$208.5 million) for the asset, a person familiar with the matter told The Wall Street Journal.
Deal Journal Australia is an up-to-the-minute take on the deals and deal makers that shape the Australian landscape, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raisings, private equity and debt markets. In short, wherever money changes hands. Deal Journal Australia is updated throughout each trading day with exclusive commentary, analysis, data, news flashes and profiles. The Wall Street Journal's Gillian Tan is the lead writer, with contributions from other Journal and Dow Jones reporters and editors. Send news items, comments and questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.
FINS has become a part of DHI in order to improve your job search experience. eFinancialCareers will provide you with the best possible service, the best job opportunities and editorial content and the best talent. With our long track record of helping finance professionals develop their career, from graduating to landing top positions in the industry, we will continue to deliver.
For technology jobs outside the financial industry users can visit Dice.com


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The Treasury Department has issued final regulations concerning the FBAR filings. Some relief is provided for employee benefit plans and plan sponsors, but a blanket exemption is not provided.
On February 24, 2011, a division of the United States Treasury Department issued final regulations (Final Regulations) concerning the Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts, IRS Form TD-F 90-22.1 (FBAR). Although the Final Regulations provide some relief for employee benefit plans and plan sponsors, they do not provide a blanket exemption for benefit plans. Thus, plan sponsors whose plans have foreign financial accounts should be aware of the upcoming June 30, 2011 filing deadline for 2010 filings.
The following discussion is intended to describe the most significant aspects of the Final Regulations for plan sponsors.
Please see full article below for more information.
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Sports Education Gender and Sexuality Health Law Media Race and Religion From the Archive
Death came as a release for Daniel Singer on December 2, but we feel like protesting its rude intrusion.
On November 7, voters in Alabama erased from that state's Constitution a provision dating from 1901 that declared that "the legislature shall never pass any law to authorize or legalize any marriage between any white person and a Negro, or descendant of a Negro." This declaration represented in part a desire by white supremacists to express as fully as possible their intention to expunge the racially egalitarian symbols, hopes and reforms of Reconstruction. Although Alabama had never enacted a law expressly authorizing interracial marriage, in 1872 the state's Supreme Court did invalidate the law that prohibited such unions. But it promptly reversed itself in 1877 when white supremacists regained power. The Alabama Constitution's disapproval of interracial marriage, however, had still deeper roots. It stemmed from the presumption that white men had the authority to dictate whom, in racial terms, a person could and could not marry. It was also rooted in the belief that certain segments of the population were simply too degraded to be eligible as partners in marriage with whites. At one point or another, forty states prohibited marriage across racial lines. In all of them blacks were stigmatized as matrimonial untouchables. In several, "Mongolians" (people of Japanese or Chinese ancestry), "Malays" (Filipinos) and Native Americans were also placed beyond the pale of acceptability.
Rationales for barring interracial marriage are useful to consider, especially since some of them echo so resonantly justifications voiced today by defenders of prohibitions against same-sex marriage. One rationale for barring interracial marriages was that the progeny of such matches would be incapable of procreating. Another was that God did not intend for the races to mix. Another was that colored people, especially blacks, are irredeemably inferior to whites and pose a terrible risk of contamination. The Negrophobic Thomas Dixon spoke for many white supremacists when he warned in his novel The Leopard's Spots that "this Republic can have no future if racial lines are broken and its proud citizenry sinks to the level of a mongrel breed." A single drop of Negro blood, he maintained apocalyptically, "kinks the hair, flattens the nose, then the lip, puts out the light of intellect, and lights the fires of brutal passions."
Although opponents of prohibitions on interracial marriage have waged struggles in many forums (e.g., academia, the churches, journalism), two in particular have been decisive. One is the courtroom. In 1967 in the most aptly titled case in American history--Loving v. The Commonwealth of Virginia--the United States Supreme Court ruled that prohibitions against interracial marriage violated the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. (Although much credit is lavished on the Court's decision, it bears noting that nineteen years earlier, in 1948, the Supreme Court of California had reached the same conclusion in an extraordinary, albeit neglected, opinion by Justice Roger Traynor.) When the federal Supreme Court struck down Jim Crow laws at the marriage altar, it relied on the massive change in public attitudes reflected and nourished by Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" address (1963), the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965). The Court also relied on the fact that by 1967, only sixteen states, in one region of the country, continued to retain laws prohibiting interracial marriage. This highlights the importance of the second major forum in which opponents of racial bars pressed their struggle: state legislatures. Between World War II and the Civil Rights Revolution, scores of state legislatures repealed bans against interracial marriage, thereby laying the moral, social and political groundwork for the Loving decision. Rarely will any court truly be a pioneer. Much more typically judges act in support of a development that is already well under way.
Unlike opponents of Brown v. Board of Education, antagonists of Loving were unable to mount anything like "massive resistance." They neither rioted, nor promulgated Congressional manifestoes condemning the Court, nor closed down marriage bureaus to prevent the desegregation of matrimony. There was, however, some opposition. In 1970, for example, a judge near Fort McClellan, Alabama, denied on racial grounds a marriage license to a white soldier and his black fiancée. This prompted a lawsuit initiated by the US Justice Department that led to the invalidation of Alabama's statute prohibiting interracial marriage. Yet the Alabama constitutional provision prohibiting the enactment of any law expressly authorizing black-white interracial marriage remained intact until the recent referendum.
That an expression of official opposition to interracial marriage remained a part of the Alabama Constitution for so long reflects the fear and loathing of black-white intimacy that remains a potent force in American culture. Sobering, too, was the closeness of the vote; 40 percent of the Alabama electorate voted against removing the obnoxious prohibition. Still, given the rootedness of segregation at the marriage altar, the ultimate outcome of the referendum should be applauded. The complete erasure of state-sponsored stigmatization of interracial marriage is an important achievement in our struggle for racial justice and harmony.
We must hold countries accountable for economic abuses just as we do for torture.
Montgomery's transit system isn't segregated anymore. It barely exists.
Amid all the partisan sniping, talking-head screeching and judicial decisions, there are two indisputable facts that go far toward explaining the true tragedy of the Florida recount.
Fact one: In this election, punch-card voting machines recorded five times as many ballots with no presidential vote as did the more modern optical-scanning systems. A New York Times analysis of forty-eight of the state's sixty-eight counties found that 1.5 percent of the ballots tallied under the punch-card method showed no vote at the top of the ticket, while only 0.3 percent of the ballots counted by the newer machines registered no vote for the President. An Orlando Sun-Sentinel examination concluded that counties using the best optical-scanning method recorded presidential votes on more than 99 percent of the ballots, and counties using the old punch-card devices counted presidential votes on only 96.1 percent of the ballots.
Fact two: Punch-card machines were more widely used in areas where low-income and African-American citizens vote. Two-thirds of the state's black voters reside in counties using punch cards, while 56 percent of white voters do.
Put these two undeniable facts together and the conclusion is inescapable: A statistically significant slice of the Florida electorate was disfranchised by voting technology. That is, a disproportionate number of voters done in by the error-prone punch-card machines were low-income and black Floridians, who generally favored Al Gore over George W. Bush. Presumably, some no-vote ballots actually did not include a vote for President. But given the closeness of the election--decided by .008 percent--it is likely that presidential votes missed by the punch-card machines would have decisively affected the contest. Bush "won"--among other reasons--because of voting-machine discrimination.
This crucial part of the tale has been overwhelmed by dimple-mania and the usual campaign back-and-forth. But ten days after the election, the Sun-Sentinel reported that "Florida's different vote-counting machines resulted in more GOP votes." For example, Brevard County, the home of space-shuttle launches, spent $1 million on more advanced machines in 1999, moving from punch-card tabulators to optical scanning machines that read pen-marked ballots (and that immediately return to the voter a ballot with a problem). Under the new system, the voting machines in this Bush-leaning county found presidential votes on 99.7 percent of the ballots. In 1996 the county's punch-card machines read presidential votes on 97.2 percent. Which means Bush, thanks to the upgrade, likely banked an additional 453 votes for his statewide total--practically his post-recount victory margin. The paper noted that the twenty-five counties that used the punch-card machines went for Gore over Bush 51.8 percent to 46 percent and produced 144,985 ballots with unrecorded presidential votes. Had the people who cast these ballots entered voting booths equipped with the more efficient machines, Gore no doubt would have collected hundreds--if not thousands--more votes than Bush.
There have been allegations that black Floridians encountered racial intimidation at voting sites. (The Justice Department has initiated an informal assessment, not an investigation.) And Bush benefited from the all-too-routine bias by which minority areas receive poorer government services. Unfortunately not just for Gore but for the victims of this quiet bias in Florida, this inequity was unaddressed by the Florida circuit court and the US Supreme Court, partly because the Gore campaign didn't raise it.
The Gore legal challenge focused on 14,000 or so supposedly no-vote punch-card ballots in Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties, not the statewide problem, and called for a manual review only of those ballots. The Veep's lawyer did not argue that the county-by-county patchwork voting system operated less effectively for blacks, a constituency that Democrats rely on to win elections. In his ruling against Gore, Circuit Judge N. Sanders Sauls noted that the record "shows error and/or less than total accuracy in regard to the punch-card voting devices utilized in Dade and Palm Beach Counties." But Sauls declared that Gore's legal team had not established "a reasonable probability" that the statewide results would turn out differently if those ballots were counted in a better fashion. Either Gore's attorneys screwed up big by not making this point more obvious--which they might have done had they filed contests based on the wider issue--or Sauls misread the math. As for the US Supreme Court, it displayed no eagerness to adjudicate such a touchy and fundamental voting-rights matter as systematic disfranchisement through technology. Its decision--in which it told the state Supreme Court to try again--indicates that the Court wanted to approach the Florida case narrowly, at least in the first go-round.
If a system is decisively skewed to one group's advantage, does that amount to theft? Or is that just the way it is? Clearly, a more equitable vote-counting system in the state--punch-cards for all or optical-scanners for all--would have yielded a different final count. This is an injustice that no court has confronted, on which Bush may well ride into the White House, and that should not be forgotten.
Foundations formed when nonprofit hospitals became for-profit are often not living up to their obligations.
Could an American citizen be sentenced to jail simply for making a speech? If the speech is in defense of Pennsylvania death-row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal and the speaker is an activist in the struggle to save Abu-Jamal from the executioner's needle, the answer may be yes. C. Clark Kissinger, head of Mumia-support activities of the New York City-based Refuse & Resist!, an organization that's leading the international campaign to gain a new trial for the former Black Panther, will find out on December 6, when he faces a parole hearing in federal court in Philadelphia.
Technically, the issue is parole violation, but the charge for which Kissinger was convicted this past April--failure to obey a lawful order (to move) during a sitdown protest at the Liberty Bell--led to his being fined $250 and placed on one year's probation with what his lawyer, Ron Kuby, calls the stiffest terms he's seen for such a minor violation. Those terms, which were also imposed on eight other protesters, include surrendering his passport, having to file income and expense reports for himself and his wife, providing a list of anyone he contacts who has committed a crime and having to get permission from his probation officer whenever he wants to leave New York City or Long Island. "You have to remember that Philadelphia is ground zero for the Mumia case," says Kuby. "This is clearly an attack on Mumia and on Mumia's supporters. It is aimed at preventing Clark and others from doing any support activities at all."
"I turned in my passport, and I report to my parole officer," says Kissinger, "but when it comes to First Amendment stuff, I have refused to cooperate." He says he has not complied with an order to avoid any contacts with felons, saying, "In my line of work, most of the people I see have been arrested for something!" Nor has he filed any financial information about his family, a requirement Kuby's office says is simply an effort to gain information on the operations and funding of Refuse & Resist! As for his travel restrictions, Kissinger says, "Whenever it's been a request for something personal, like visiting my sick mother in Massachusetts, it's granted by my parole officer, but whenever it's something political, he has referred it to the sentencing judge, Federal Magistrate Arnold Rapoport, and he's always refused me permission." That's what happened in August when Kissinger asked for permission to go to Philadelphia during the Republican National Convention to make a speech at an officially sanctioned Mumia demonstration. When no permission was forthcoming, Kissinger simply went and gave the speech. Shortly after that, his probation officer notified the magistrate, claiming Kissinger had violated the terms of his parole--thus setting in motion the hearing to have it revoked.
The move comes as other Mumia support activities have also been facing what they say is harassment. Several weeks ago, following a regular weekly protest on Philadelphia's Broad Street, Ernst Ford, one of the organizers, says he found himself being followed home by a police car. As he began unloading signs from his truck, he claims, one policeman approached him saying, "Mumia's gonna die, and so are you." Ford and the International Concerned Family and Friends of Mumia, sponsor of the protests, filed a complaint with the police, but so far they haven't heard back. The police department declined to comment, saying that "the investigation of the complaint has not been completed."
The international Mumia group is itself having problems, including facing a review of its charity registration by the state, which includes a request for ten years' worth of financial records--a review made more difficult thanks to a suspicious burglary of the organization's headquarters earlier this year. Computers and expensive stereo equipment were left untouched, but a drawer of financial papers was rifled.
Click here for Eric Alterman's latest dispatch on Florida.
A quarter-million people thronged Abraham Lincoln's Memorial that day. In the sweltering August humidity, executive secretary Roy Wilkins gravely announced that Dr. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois--NAACP founding father and "senior intellectual militant of his people"--had died in exile the day before.
It's easy to forget. What we now think of, monolithically, as the civil rights movement was at the time a splintering half-dozen special-interest groups in ill-coordinated pitched camps. Thurgood Marshall, never known for tact or political correctitude, called the Nation of Islam "a buncha thugs organized from prisons and financed, I'm sure, by some Arab Group." The NOI viewed the Urban League as a black front for a white agenda. A fringe figure gaining notoriety for his recent Playboy interview with an obscure journalist named Alex Haley, Malcolm X irreverently dismissed both "the farce on Washington" and the young minister just moments away from oratorical immortality, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., as "Bishop Chickenwings."
If the legacy of Du Bois's long life was unclear then, what can it all mean now? What possessed him to renounce the widely coveted citizenship for which those gathered there that day--inspired in part by his example--were marching? What can a scholarly biography of the patron saint of African-American intellectuals--written by a tenured professor for a prestigious publishing house, impatiently awaited by specialists and educated generalists alike--what can all this mean to 101 million eligible nonvoters "entirely ignorant of my work and quite indifferent to it," as Du Bois said in his time, much less to 30 million African-Americans beyond the Talented Tenth and those few old-timers in Harlem who remember Du Bois as being, mostly, a remarkably crotchety old man?
With these mixed feelings of pleasure, gratitude, frustration and momentous occasion, I read the monumentally ambitious sequel, seven years in the making, itself a National Book Award finalist, to David Levering Lewis's Pulitzer Prize-winning Biography of a Race, 1868-1919.
"I remember well," Du Bois wrote, famously, "when the shadow swept across me." He was born "a tangle of New England lineages"--Dutch, Bantu, French Huguenot--within living memory of the Fourteenth Amendment and The Communist Manifesto, one generation removed from slavery. And though he laid claim to both his African and European heritage, still it was a peculiar sensation. "One ever feels his two-ness--an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder." Yet Du Bois knew full well that had he not felt, very early on, this double-consciousness, he might easily have become just another "unquestioning worshiper at the shrine of the established social order."
Willie D. charted his course as early as his teens, inaugurating his writing and public-speaking careers with articles in the Springfield Republican and a high school valedictory address on abolitionist Wendell Phillips. He arrived at the Harvard of Santayana and William James, who thought him easily among the most gifted of his students, already notorious for the "arrogant rectitude" others would resent all his life. He graduated cum laude, honing his prose with a rigorously liberal education in Latin, Greek, modern languages, literature, history and philosophy. But for a graduate student in sociology during the 1890s, Max Weber's Berlin, not Cambridge, was the place to be. And it was there, chain-smoking fluent German, celebrating both his 25th birthday and "his own genius," that W.E.B. Du Bois spelled out his life's ambition: "to make a name in science, to make a name in literature, to raise my race." Only because his scholarship ran out did Du Bois return to America for the consolation prize: Harvard's first African-American PhD.
Atlanta, after Europe and the North, came as a shock. Not that the recent lynching was in itself any great surprise. Du Bois simply wasn't prepared, passing by the local grocer, to see the souvenirs of severed fingers on display out front. Headquartered at Atlanta University, for the next twelve years he taught history and economics. By the time Frederick Douglass died in 1895, the Tuskegee model of black higher education was dominant, and Booker T. Washington its leading lobbyist. That same year Washington, whose power had been growing since 1885, had delivered his famous Atlanta Exposition speech: "In all things purely social," he said, holding up both hands, digits spread wide, "we can be as separate as the [five] fingers"--he paused dramatically, clenching each hand into a fist--"yet as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." Convinced that Washington's appeasement had paved the way for Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, Du Bois and other black intellectuals felt sold down the river. Du Bois's scathing review of Washington's Up From Slavery (1901), declaring war on merely vocational training of a "contented and industrious peasantry," was collected in The Souls of Black Folk (1903). Du Bois and Washington came, notoriously, to ideological blows. It was the beginning of the end for Booker T. Washington.
Yet there was no personal animus between them. Shrewdly, Washington tried to hire Du Bois away to Tuskegee, even taking him along on one of his fundraising junkets. But once at Andrew Carnegie's office, Washington--who knew where his bread was buttered and that Du Bois could be counted on not to keep his mouth shut--left him waiting downstairs. "Have you," Washington asked, "read Mr. Carnegie's book?" W.E.B. allowed he had not. "You ought to," said Booker T. "Mr. Carnegie likes it."
Around 1909, certain Niagara Movement radicals and Jewish abolitionist holdovers formed a coalition that became the NAACP. Du Bois moved to New York, where, as editor of The Crisis for the next twenty-five years, his word was gospel.
Meanwhile, Marcus Garvey addressed a Harlem crowd of 2,000 in 1917, preaching black economic independence and resettlement. He even offered, to the resurgent Klan's delight, to transport them back to Africa. Now, the masses might be fooled by the plumed and gold-braided pretensions and Napoleonic pageantry of
the Emperor Marcus Mosiah Garvey--self-proclaimed High Potentate and Provisional President-General of all Africa, Commander in Chief of the Black Star Line, an entire fleet of three dubiously seaworthy vessels--with his back-to-the-motherland schemes, his dukes and duchesses of Uganda and Niger, his knight commanders of the Distinguished Order of Ethiopia and the Nile. But Du Bois, who had just returned from Firestone's Liberia as diplomatic envoy, knew better. (Besides, everybody who was anybody knew that what Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association really stood for was "Ugliest Negroes in America.") As far as Du Bois was concerned, Garvey was either a lunatic or a traitor. Whereas, it seemed to Garvey--who saw Du Bois's NAACP as the National Association for the Advancement of Certain People--that the lunacy was for blacks to expect equality in America. In the end, his daring, energy and charisma were surpassed only by his ignorance of finance. Du Bois sounded the rallying cry: "Garvey Must Go." The FBI agreed. And if deportation on the grounds of being an undesirable alien wouldn't hold up in court, mail fraud would do nicely. Arrested in 1922, tried and convicted in 1923, Garvey took up residence at Atlanta Federal two years before Malcolm X was born.
Remember, back before they were Jim Crowed into academic ghettos, when history was literature and vice versa? When nonspecialists read Macaulay, Michelet? Poet, short-story writer, essayist and novelist as well as historian, Du Bois was by no means master of all the genres he assayed. But he electrified African-American literature as writer during the twentieth century's first decade. Then, as editor, he paved the way for younger writers during subsequent decades. Biography, however, is a late development in the tradition. What advances have eminent African-Americans like David Levering Lewis made in that "most delicate and humane of all the branches of the art of writing"? And do his tomes amount to a "masterpiece of the biographer's craft"?
With their cast of legendary characters, colorful set locations, gripping storylines and virtuoso draftsmanship, they certainly aspire to it. For analytical rigor, judicious gossip and subtle insight into the social, political and economic "roots and ramifications" of "racial, religious, and ethnic confrontation, and assimilation in America" between Reconstruction and the civil rights movement, Lewis is fully equal to the task of his formidable subject. And his lucid, downright old-fashioned good writing, so full of fine flourishes and phrases, is mostly innocent of academic jargon. So much so that for years--visiting the same archives, examining the same documents and cross-examining the same witnesses while working my way carefully through these volumes, underlining passages in mechanical pencil, leaving yellow flags on every other page--I kept trying to figure out my misgivings.
And then it hit me. The problem here is not one of length--Boswell's massive Life of Samuel Johnson still startles, 200 years later--but scale, of Turgenev's "right relation" among a dozen or so vivifying narrative elements beyond character and what used to be called "plot." All of these together in a constant juggle of transitions--abstract to concrete, poetic to prosaic, description to dialogue, sentence length and rhythm--can create compelling momentum. Any one of these, overrelied upon in a fact-filled narrative of 1,500 pages, can be lethal. "With the 20th century," said Virginia Woolf,
a change came over biography, as it came over fiction and poetry.... the author's relation to his subject is different. He is no longer the serious and sympathetic companion, toiling slavishly in the footsteps of his hero.... Moreover, he does not think himself constrained to follow every step of the way.... he sees his subject spread about him. He chooses; he synthesizes; in short, he has ceased to be the chronicler; he has become an artist.
Cautious of overstepping the bounds of the historically permissible, the distinguished professor has crafted a straightforward chronicle. Far too often, characters are molded not organically from suggestive situation but by accretion of meticulous archival detail--endless lists of academic pedigree heaped, all at once, in static inventories of naturalistic description--then left to atrophy in the reader's mind. A compelling narrative begins where the dossier leaves off. And a good biographer is a historian, but a good historian isn't necessarily a biographer. The progression from one to the other is no more formally inevitable than that from short-story writer to novelist. But don't get me wrong. The aesthetic quibble is really by way of illustrating how close this life might have come to greatness, to the artistry of all that Lytton Strachey left out in tending toward that "becoming brevity...which excludes everything that is redundant and nothing that is significant," and which, "surely, is the first duty of the biographer."
Du Bois's influence on African-American literature, as both writer and editor, is hard to exaggerate. Between Phyllis Wheatley, the publication of Souls, the silence of Charles Chestnutt and the death of Paul Laurence Dunbar from drunken disillusionment in 1906, dozens of poets, authors and pamphleteers emerged, boycotting the happy-blacky-nappy, banjo-strumming, watermelon-eating, darky dialect of previous eras. Of this work, says James Weldon Johnson in the classic history Black Manhattan, "Some was good, most was mediocre, much was bad, and practically all of it unknown to the general public." As late as 1914, with the exception of Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, there wasn't much in the way of African-American literature, and Du Bois thought things looked bleak. By 1920, New York was America's greatest city, and Harlem--a two-square-mile city within the city where a quarter-million African-Americans boasted more poets, journalists, musicians, composers, actors, dramatists and nightclubs than any other spot on earth--became the world-famous capital of black America. It seemed to Du Bois that a renaissance of American Negro literature was now due.
His lover/literary editor Jessie Fauset, to put the arts on equal footing with social policy, urged an editorial shift in the pages of The Crisis. In short order, she published Langston Hughes's "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" in 1921 and prose poetry by Jean Toomer, later collected in Cane (1923). For the first time in history--just when Du Bois feared he'd have no worthy successors--a literature of African-Americans, by African-Americans and for African-Americans and anyone else who cared to listen was not only a possibility but a reality. The Harlem Renaissance was under way.
One prodigy Du Bois particularly delighted in was pinky-ringed young poet Countee Cullen. Companionable, uncombative, anxious for the kind of credibility a tidy résumé and Harvard degree could confer, Cullen idolized Du Bois to a degree perhaps predictable in a cautious orphan risen from impoverished obscurity to international fame by the age of 22 yet lacking, in the final analysis, the kind of intellectual and artistic daring that could sustain it. Du Bois, for his part, perhaps projected onto Cullen some of the paternal pride and ambition long buried with the infant son he'd loved and lost. And so he married off his only daughter. Langston Hughes rented a tuxedo, an organist played Tannhäuser and sixteen bridesmaids wore white. The only problem--aside from the fact that Countee Cullen was gay--was that the girl admired but didn't love him. It was a match made in Hell, a dramatic example of how "spectacularly wrongheaded" Du Bois could be.
For a decade or more, the Harlem Renaissance promised 10 million African-Americans "taken for granted by one political party and despised by the other, poor and overwhelmingly rural, frightened and disunited," the illusion of an era of freedom, justice and equality undreamed of since Reconstruction. To his immense credit, Du Bois was not lulled into submission, mistrusting the impulse toward "salon exotica" and a smattering of prizes for prodigies. Then as now, the means of production--the Hollywood studios, the recording studios, the theaters--were for the most part white-owned. As early as 1926, he warned about "the politics of patronage," challenging that African-Americans would get the art that they deserved--or were willing to pay for: "If a colored man wants to publish a book, he has to get a white publisher and a white newspaper to say it's great; and then [black people] say so." (Ain't a damn thang changed.) By 1934 it had become embarrassingly clear that civil rights would not follow logically from "forceful prose" and a demonstration of artistic excellence on the part of a few Ivy League Negroes. The movement was dead, "scuttled," as chief publicist Alain Locke put it, as much from within as from without, by faddish market swings and stock speculations of Zora Neale Hurston Niggerati, on the one hand, and the liberal Negrotarians on the other.
For Du Bois, as for most African-Americans, the Depression hit harder and faster and lasted longer than for the country at large. The royal wedding had wiped out his savings, and his Crisis salary hadn't been paid for months. He was broke.
Du Bois became increasingly radicalized during the 1930s and '40s. As he saw it, the NAACP, by focusing almost exclusively on legal strategy, was beginning to work "for the black masses but not with them." In 1934, out of sync with the mainstream leadership, he left in disgust. He returned to Atlanta University, reading Das Kapital and writing Black Reconstruction in America (1935). Du Bois, who first visited the Soviet Union in 1926, returned in 1936. Home from History's frontlines a self-professed "Bolshevik," even though, as a Socialist, he combined "cultural nationalism, Scandinavian cooperativism, Booker Washington and Marx in about equal parts," Du Bois remained unconvinced that the Communist Party, which never attracted more than a few hundred black members, was their last best hope. In any case, African-Americans did not "propose to be the shock troops of the Communist Revolution."
During the McCarthy era, the black leadership, bending in the prevailing ideological winds, began to distance itself from the left. Back in New York, involved in nuclear disarmament activity declared subversive by the US government, Du Bois was arrested and tried as an unregistered agent of a foreign power. He was acquitted in 1951, but the State Department confiscated his passport, prohibiting travel abroad. It was the last straw.
The prophet was without honor only in his own country. So when the government embargo was lifted in 1958, Du Bois went on lecture tours of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, becoming a kind of poster boy in the Communist effort to discredit the States. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1959, and in Red China, his birthday was declared a national holiday by Chou En-lai. Did the party use Du Bois? Or did Du Bois use the party to further his own agenda? Both, most likely.
In 1960, seventeen African states, including Kwame Nkrumah's Ghana, gained independence. At Nkrumah's invitation, Du Bois exiled himself, renouncing his American citizenship. He officially joined the Communist Party in 1961. Shrunken now and a bit stooped, his memory not quite as sharp as it once was, the scholar-citizen spent his last days in a spacious house with a view of flowering shrubs in Accra's best neighborhood, an honored guest of state, surrounded by busts of Lenin and Chairman Mao and an impressive library of Marxist thought, editing the Negro encyclopedia and receiving visitors the world over. At last, on August 27, 1963, the visionary whose long life--spanning Reconstruction, Plessy v. Ferguson, two World Wars, Brown v. Board of Education and now the civil rights movement--had been the literal embodiment of the nineteenth century's collision with the twentieth, died in Accra, where he was accorded an elaborate state funeral.
The bioepic ends, as it began 1,500 pages ago in Volume I, with the death of W.E.B. Du Bois. A living institution, he was "productive, multiple, controversial, and emblematic." His influence--as cultural ambassador, as writer and editor, as activist whose spectrum of social, political and economic thought seems refracted in phenomena as varied as Ho Chi Minh, the Negritude of poet-statesmen Aimé Césaire and Léopold Senghor as well as the Black Power movement that peaked after his death--is ubiquitous.
A difficult man as capable of coldness to old friends as he was reluctant to admit mistakes, a prickly Brahmin who walked with kings but failed to acquire the common touch, Dr. Du Bois emerges a kind of tragic hero as flawed as he was gifted. At times you wonder whether he wasn't his own most formidable enemy. But whatever his blind spots, he was only too well aware, looking backward, that battling racism real and imagined at every turn had twisted him into a far less "human" being than he might otherwise have been.
Fifteen years and two computer crashes in the research and writing, these volumes were a lifetime, literally, in the making. As a boy born in Little Rock two decades before the civil rights movement began, Lewis had a portentous encounter with the great man. Fisk man and author of books on South Africa and the Dreyfus Affair, he's now a professor of history at Rutgers. And just as Renaissance scholarship would be incomplete without When Harlem Was in Vogue, the twenty books and 100 articles of W.E.B. Du Bois's eighty-year publishing career, so handsomely anthologized in Nathan Irvin Huggins's Library of America Writings, are indispensably complemented by what is, if not a masterpiece of biography, then almost certainly the standard social, political and intellectual history of his life and times.


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
Relaxing cottage right on the water. Enjoy meals or cocktails on the large screened porch, side deck with grill, or lakeside flagstone patio. HDTV Flat screen in Living room; TV in BR. Satellite with HBO. Queen beds in each BR, suitable for couples, singles getaway, or family. Fine restaurants and shopping nearby in Hot Springs, or bring a book and just relax. Wood burning fireplace, private and quiet in the winter.
Keywords: Lake front, one level,house,cottage
we purchased this home for a charming weekend getaway and love to share it.
The Owner purchased this cottage in 1996
Hot springs is a fun place all year long. Horse racing, galleries and arts festivals, hiking, and water sports.
We love to sit on the porch with friends, cook, fish, and swim. In winter we enjoy watching for eagles over the lake and reading by the fireplace in the evenings.
This place is EXACTLY as described online., even better in my opinion. This place is beyond my expectation. Sunsets r beautiful.. Has everything a person would need.. I would most definitely recommend this place.. My favorite place to eat was Mr. whiskers. If I could suggest anything to improve.. It would be for the owner to put a memory foam topper are a egg shell crate on bed in purple room. I WILL BE BACK!!!
This house is the quintessential lake cottage. The house is so charming, with a wonderful screened in porch which affords million dollar views of beautiful Lake Hamilton! We were there for Memorial Day weekend and enjoyed seeing all of the activity on the lake. The setting is very peaceful and tranquil, but only a short drive away (literally less than five minutes) is a brand new grocery store. Just a few minutes further and you're back in town. We had stayed before at other properties on the lake which were equally beautiful, but were a pain to get to! This is easy and convenient. It was such a pleasure to work with the owners, Joy and Larry. They were always accessible when we were asking questions regarding what to do, restaurant recommendations, etc. I would hope that we could come back every year to enjoy this beautiful lake cottage!
The property is ideally situated on a channel of Lake Hamilton and the availaibility of a boat dock is convenient. Landscaping and screened in porch are nice touches. However, the property is starting to show its age and is in need of a deep cleaning and new mattresses. There is no wifi available. We took our senior mom with us. While she enjoyed her stay, I would not recommend the property for seniors due to the steep incline and steps down to the water.
We stayed 6 nights and had such a good time at this home. I say home because it felt like I was home. It was nicely decorated and very comfortable. We had everything we needed with a roomy deck by the house and a lower deck on the water. We lived on the screened in porch so the rain did not faze us one bit. I plan to return here in the future. Easy drive to the local store and into Hot Springs.
It felt like it was my own. The cottage was so comfortable and had everything that I and my guests needed. The redbuds and dogwoods were in full bloom and were gorgeous. We spent each evening on the dock watching the boats cruise by and enjoying the calmness. The location was perfect for seeing the sights and going to the races. I would highly recommend this cottage.
The owners are very flexible and accomodating. We enjoyed swimming off the dock and spending time in the screened-in porch. We loved being relatively close to town and eating at some local restaurants. We'd highly recommend a fantastic German restaurant called the Steinhaus Keller.
Relax by the lake, swim, enjoy fireplace in the winter.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
|Pet Fee
|Cleaning Fee
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (USD) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.


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Lim gains semis; Jones falls
Top seed Albert Lim Jr. sustained his title campaign with a 6-2, 6-2 win yesterday over Thai Charles Roberts to barge into the boys' semifinals of the Ajay Pathak Memorial Cup ITF 14-Under Developmental Championship Division I at Rizal Memorial Tennis Center.
Though one of the youngest in this tournament at 13, the stocky, big-serving Lim had little trouble besting Roberts and setting up a semifinal duel with Indian Parikshit Somani, who beat Hong Kong's Lee Wai-leuk, 6-0, 6-4.
Unfortunately in the girls' side, Filipino-Briton Meredith Jones headed to the exit after dropping a 6-1, 6-2 decision to South Korea's Jan Eun-se in the quarterfinals.
Boys' second seed Vorachon Rakpuangchon of Thailand routed Indian Vashist Cheruku, 6-2, 6-3, to also make the semifinals. He will face No. 3 Alan Chun Sou-ming of Hong Kong, a 6-4, 7-5 winner over Nitin Kumar Sinha of India.
"I'm playing very well, I just hope I can keep the level of my game and go all the way," said Lim, Letran's star player in the NCAA.
The event is sponsored by the ITF Grand Slam Development Fund and the Philippine Tennis Academy, and is named after the late Philippine Tennis Association vice president.
Jan will seek a finals spot when she goes up against No. 6 Ren Jiaqi of China, who bested No. 2 Mihika Yadav of India, 6-4, 7-6 (8-6).
Tang Yutong of China trounced Uzbekistan's Komo Umarova, 6-3, 6-2, while Himani Mor of India downed Yinglak Jittakoat of Thailand, 7-5, 4-6, 6-3, to set up a semifinal duel.
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Heartland Environmental and Resource Economics Workshop at Illinois
Save the Date!
The 2015 Heartland Environmental and Resource Economics Workshop @Illinois will be on Saturday and Sunday October 17 and 18 in the IHotel at the University of Illinois. This will be a day-and-a-half event with a keynote speaker luncheon one day and a panel discussion luncheon the other.
Workshop Description
The Heartland Environmental and Resource Economics Workshop will be held for the seventh year at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on October 17 – 18, 2015. Topics for contributed paper sessions will be chosen based on the submissions we receive. The day-and-a-half long workshop (mid-morning Saturday through mid-afternoon Sunday) will feature:
- A luncheon with keynote speaker
- A luncheon with panel discussion of issues at the energy/environment nexus
- Multiple sessions of contributed 20-minute paper presentations
- One set of 8-minute short research presentations
- Research posters displayed during breakfast and breaks
- Numerous breaks to share ideas and develop new collaborations
- Dinner available to all attendees on the night in between the two days of presentations
The goals of Heartland@Illinois are, as always, to stimulate research and build community in environmental economics with some focus on the Midwest. The workshop will bring people together to exchange ideas and foster new collaborations. Through selected paper sessions, it will identify pressing public policy issues and emerging research themes on environmental and resource economics. Finally, it will provide networking and development opportunities for graduate students and early career faculty in environmental and resource economics.
Registration numbers are limited to keep the size of the event conducive to active exchange of ideas. We hope to see you in Champaign-Urbana in November.
2015 Organizing Committee: Professors Amy W. Ando, Kathy Baylis, Madhu Khanna, and Erica Myers from the Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics at the University of Illinois.
2015 Sponsors: The Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, the College of ACES Office of Research, and the Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment at the University of Illinois.


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Addressing worldwide urban and environmental issues.
Events, CPD, KTPs, Consultancy.
Mobileland, GPO Olympics and Cepelina Event
Strathclyde students are designing the BBaD2 FABLAB at the Glasgow Project Office.
The Barras, Glasgow
We have a history of participation demonstrated in the 'Scotland in Venice' exhibition. Features an introduction by Professor Gordon Murray reviewing the last five projects.
Scotland + Venice Exhibition
The Department celebrates our students' success in the 2015 Architects Professional Examination in Scotland - Part 3.
2014-15 results,
Exams held in the Department
4 recent graduates were selected for this carefully curated show, recognised as the most prestigious exhibition for young artists and architects from across Scotland.
The 131 Arch.ive
Design & collaboration with industry and the profession.
Paperspace Posters
Graphic publication of all years.
The Student Section
Useful links for our students.
Members of Staff
Department: +44 (0)141 548 3023
Fax: +44 (0)141 552 3997
Location Map and Street View
The Department of Architecture
University of Strathclyde
Level 3, James Weir Building
75 Montrose Street, Glasgow


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In this Issue:
*Report looks to debunk myths of global climate change
..'Lame-duck' session emerges as possibility for climate bill conference
*14 million acres of land in U.S. targeted for solar energy and wind farms
*Solar energy costs to achieve grid parity by 2013: Pike Research
*Molecules typically found in blue jean, ink dyes may lead to more efficient solar cells
*Labor groups push roadmap for wind power jobs
*Hydro, wave, tidal power market outlook bright as conventional energy sources dwindle: report
*Smart grid task force created in California
*California utilities make progress on 20% by 2010
*Fiorina says California climate law is killing jobs
..Martifer withdraws hybrid solar-biomass plant application
..First Solar creates utility-focused group for 2.2GW pipeline
..AMEC awarded California geothermal contract
..Smart grid firm consert receives capital from GE, Verizon
Please see full article below for more information.
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R80GS carbs on R75/5 question + Siebenrock
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Location: Silver Spring, Md
Oddometer: 9,958
Increasing the jet sizes is what is noticed when the carb is used on a larger engine usually. Larger jets make for a richer gas mixture and these increases are incremental. The larger engine will need the extra gas but the carb set up for a large engine will be too rich on a smaller engine.
The jet needle is inside the needle jet and the needle jet can be increased. Those jets usually come in sizes thousands apart. I'm familiar with sizes 2.66 and 2.68. So an increase of the needle jet from 2.66 to 2.68 would be one jump in size. It is said that raising the needle one notch is a jump in 3 jet sizes.
These are not really hard fast rules about carbs and sizes. But the idea is that raising the needle is a bigger change than a jump in jet sizes.
You want to look at the spark plugs and see how rich/lean the carbs are running. This is tricky because the engine runs on different parts of the carb at different rpms. We do have idle jets and main jets and the needle jet/jet needle. They each work and have more influence at different rpms but they also work together.
I'm trying to not get myself in trouble here by writing a bunch of stuff that isn't really accepted. I don't mess with the jets in my carbs very often but I have tried a couple of things. I don't have the jet figures you want, in other words. I have heard of riders that got satisfaction from raising the jet needle. But I think I would have to lower something else on my bike if I did that.
Finally I will say that this was easier before we had to deal with Gasohol. It doesn't burn the same and it also doesn't leave the same color on the plugs, IMHO.
I would also suggest finding some legitimate Hot Rod or Racing forums and read what these guys do. And I bet you could find a bunch on just Carburetor Theory from a bunch of frustrated Physicists.
Never memorize something you can look up.
---Albert Einstein
Pay your debt, piratejohn.
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- Platforms: Xbox
- Developer: Southland
- Publisher: Ubisoft
- Genre: Action
- VN:F [1.9.22_1171]User Score: 0 votes
- Add to MyGames
The object of Deathrow is for you to win matches by whatever means necessary, either by scoring as many points as possible before time runs out, or by severely injuring your opponents and removing them from the field of combat. As the game begins, two teams of four players square off in a combat arena to compete in an intense, unmediated slugfest to determine the champion. As you engage in fierce hand-to-hand combat with highly intelligent AI opponents seeking retribution for not only themselves, but also for their fallen teammates, you'll soon understand the sacrifices necessary to become the supreme team of the league.
Deathrow has a team management component allowing you to customize your own team according to your style of play. You can build your players' statistics from match to match while gaining speed and power bonuses. Injured players can be healed between rounds if you have enough money, or you must save your winnings to buy them back. With more than 130 unique characters, dozens of holds, and over 800 base animations, Deathrow is graphically immersive and intense
No News has been linked to this game.
Either you hate it or love it, there is no middle road. I really don't understand what people like in this game, but I guess it's a matter of taste. I think the most important thing to remember here is "Try before you buy!"
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Tips For Compound, Polish & Wax
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Customer Service answer!!!
Thanks for your fast answer!
I Ask the same question to a customer service guy just to now what they said about this.
here his answer:
"If you are asking that the wax would melt off the finish once applied and then exposed to hot temperatures, that is false. The #845 Insulator Wax basically has the same ingredients as the #885 Fleetwax except the #885 has a higher concentration of them. We sell a ton of each in the South and have no problems like the one mentioned.
Now maybe if you left the can in a mall parking lot all day exposed to the hot sun, then I would say it would melt.
Mike Oczkowski
Customer Service"
I will go for insulator wax at least I'm sure that one is going to work fine. people suggest fleetwax but i don't want to take that risk
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Manila city hall owes Meralco P598M, may suffer power cut-off
More News from Erika Sauler
MANILA, Philippines — Will Manila City Hall's electricity be cut off?
Vice Mayor Francisco "Isko Moreno" Domagoso expressed the possibility as the Manila Electric Co. has demanded payment for the P598-million debt incurred by the previous administration.
"In a few days, there might be no electricity at the City Hall because of the debt to Meralco," Domagoso said in a speech at the 54th anniversary of Manila Zoo on Thursday.
Domagoso added that Mayor Joseph Estrada "is doing his best to attend to the fiscal problem."
Estrada will negotiate with Meralco officials for a staggered payment as the electric company has demanded payment of the principal amount of P505 million. "We hope we can reach a breakthrough," the former President said.
The P598-million unpaid electric bill as of February 21 includes legal interest and miscellaneous charges.
In a statement, Estrada said that the Meralco bill has been only one of the debts left by Alfredo Lim's administration. "This Meralco debt is even bigger than the P242-milion left in the city coffers by Lim," he said.
Estrada called on city offices to save on electricity without sacrificing efficient delivery of basic services, "There is no other way. We have to tighten our belt and live within our means."
"Why and how the previous administration has incurred these staggering debts should be a subject of open public inquiry. In the spirit of transparency and accountability, the concerned officials must explain satisfactorily. …We have a due process to follow," he said.
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|EarlyMusic -- Central Texas Early Music Announcements
|About EarlyMusic
This list is used to send out e-mail announcements of Early Music events (concerts, workshops, etc.) in and around Austin, TX.
Posting GuidelinesThe primary focus of the list is Early Music. The purists define this as anything composed before 1750, but I will go as late as 1800. Also, I will bend the rules for other events featuring performers who are known for their contributions to Early Music in Austin, even if the event isn't Early Music.
If you wish to submit an event for publication, please send an email with all pertinent details to Francine Mastrangelo. I will reformat it to fit the list's style and post it within a day or two. Please try to send announcements at least two weeks before the event. Announcements received less than 72 hours before an event may or may not get posted.
To see the collection of prior postings to the list, visit the EarlyMusic Archives.
|Using EarlyMusic
This list is for announcements only, and is moderated
You can submit notices of upcoming Early Music concerts to Francine Mastrangelo, and they will be held until I can review them and edit them into the list's standard format.
You can subscribe to the list, or change your existing subscription, in the sections below.
|Subscribing to EarlyMusic
Subscribe to EarlyMusic by filling out the following form. You will be sent email requesting confirmation, to prevent others from gratuitously subscribing you. This is a hidden list, which means that the list of members is available only to the list administrator.
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European Space Agency selects first two "Cosmic Vision" missions
Solar Orbiter will venture closer to the Sun than any previous mission (Image: ESA)
ESA's Euclid mission is designed to help unravel the mysteries of dark matter (Image: ESA, NASA, J.-P. Kneib (Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées) and R. Ellis (Caltech))
ESA has selected the first two missions in its Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Plan, which is designed to provide a new understanding and new views of the Universe (Image: NASA/ESA/ESO/W. Freudling (ST-ECF))
The EUCLID space mission will study the accelerated expansion of the Universe (Image: ESA)
ESA's Solar Orbiter will go closer to the Sun than any other mission to study the driving force behind solar activity
Article Summary
The European Space Agency (ESA) this week announced the first two missions selected for its Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Plan. The first, known as Solar Orbiter, will see a spacecraft operating closer to the Sun than any previous mission with a particular focus on examining the solar wind. The second, Euclid, is essentially a space telescope whose primary goal is to study the accelerating expansion of the universe in an attempt to provide an understanding of the exact nature of dark matter.
« Back to European Space Agency selects first two "Cosmic Vision" missions
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The study of another language is an adventure, an exploration into the workings of minds both like and unlike our own. When we learn a new language, we learn to see differently -- we acquire a new perspective from which to view both ourselves and the world.
Department News & Events
April 2015 Language Scholarship Recipients Announced
The following students were awarded language scholarships for the 2015-2016 academic year:
Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Gaida Family
Otmar Drekonja Scholarship for
Sister Margretta Nathe
Congratulations, Meg, Ben and Karen!
April 1015 Student Excursion to the Minneapolis Institute of Art's Habsburg Exhibit
Submitted by Lisa Ohm
Elizabeth Shelerud, Charlotte Waterhouse, Sarah Wachter and Beth Richmond
Over sixty students, faculty members and staff from CSB/SJU had the opportunity to see the special exhibit, "Habsburg Splendor: Masterpieces form Vienna's Imperial Collections" on April 19th. This spring's Austrian Studies Newsletter described the selection of art treasures from Austria's National Museum of Art History in Vienna "utterly breathtaking."
One of the students called the 100 objects in the exhibit "exquisite," a word he admittedly seldom uses.
The Habsburgs were great collectors of art and sculptures, especially from parts of France, Spain and the Netherlands, which were at one time provinces in the extensive Habsburg Empire, which lasted for 600 years. Chronologically arranged, the exhibit gives visitors a sense of the Habsburg Empire from the Middle Ages to its end in 1918. Among the treasures are Greek and Roman antiquities, paintings, decorative pieces, court costumes, armor, and horse-drawn carriages and sleds.
Students from Sarah Bavelli's Art History course; students from the 2014 and 2015 Austria Study Abroad Groups and their directors, Lisa Ohm and Jim Read and Director of the Center for Global Education, Joe Rogers; students from German courses; and students seeking a worthwhile learning experience filled the buses. MIA encourages student groups with free entry and free guides. Participants exchanged views on the exhibit at the nearby Black Forest Inn over a buffet lunch of Wurst, Sauerkraut, Kartoffelsalad, Maultasche, and "Sachertorte" for dessert. Transportation and lunch were supported by the Art Department and the Office of Education Abroad.
L-R: Jack Paal, Will Ornburg, Tori Kubinski, Jon Vogel, Andrew Sweere
Sarah Bavelli's art students at the Black Forest Inn.
Photos by Julia Eckart '17.
Archived News and Events
Overview of Program
Courses in the Languages and Cultures Department:
- Include instruction in French, German, Greek, Latin, Chinese, Japanese, and English as a Second Language.
- Fulfill one of the requirements for a liberal arts degree
- Are easily combined with other majors and minors


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Unilever rolls out £2m Comfort Exhilarations campaign
By Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith, marketingmagazine.co.uk, Monday, 30 April 2012 01:15PM
Comfort, the fabric softener brand owned by global FMCG giant Unilever, is revamping the brand's range of premium fabric conditioners, called Comfort Exhilarations, backed by a £2m marketing spend.
The campaign, created by Ogilvy and launching at the start of May, features a TV ad and showcases the brand's packaging redesign and the introduction of two new fragranced variants, Blushing Poppy and Peach, and Vanilla and Gold Iris. The campaign will run until the end of September.
Unilever hopes to bring new consumers to the brand through the ad, while encouraging existing consumers to trade up within the category.
The packaging features a 'dosing cap', which aims to guide consumers to use the correct amount of the product and water during the washing cycle, reducing consumer waste.
The feature is in-line with Unilever's Sustainable Living Plan, which aims to halve the environmental impacts of the company's products, while doubling its profitability.
Mairead Greensmith, marketing manager at Comfort, Unilever UK, said: "As a whole, the rinse-conditioner market is currently worth £307m and it is the premium offering that is driving growth within the category, at 4.2% year on year.
"The refresh of the range to include two new variants and the premium packaging redesign, will help drive sales among consumers who are looking for a high quality, finely fragranced premium fabric conditioner."
Follow Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith on Twitter @LoullaMae_ES
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
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For over 80 years, Interra's been serving members, starting with seven charter members and one small office back in 1932; and from strong roots, great things grow. Interra's deep roots in our communities have allowed us to expand, serving even more of our neighbors.
Today, Interra Credit Union serves more than 55,000 members throughout north central Indiana. The solid, stable and strong foundation built through the years continues today.
"Interra" means "Indiana land" and reflects the commitment we have to our communities and to all the members we serve – helping them build a strong financial foundation for years to come. As Interra moves forward, your credit union will continue to offer new products and services to meet your ever-changing needs and lifestyle.
You can count on us to work for you every day in every way, fulfilling our mission, to be our members' most trusted and valued financial resource.


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I was there for five days, ate at the restaurant every day and had an amazing time - they sorted me a taxi, I could use the business centre and the room was clean and tidy.
I would return there is I attended the FOSE conference again though I would travel on buses and metro next time ($75 for a taxi - same price com
Thanks Mike!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Crowne Plaza National Airport Hotel in Arlington, Virginia is a first class, full service hotel located in the heart of Crystal City. Only moments away from the Nation s Capitol and the Pentagon, we are less than one mile from Reagan National Airport. Located within minutes of Washington, DC agencies and attractions, the Crowne Plaza has been newly upgraded offering the Sleep Advantage Program for your additional comfort. With you in mind, each guest room offers plush duvet covers with 7 pillows, upgraded linen and mattress toppers. The Crowne Plaza National Airport Hotel is close to companies and agencies such as US Airways, IBM, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, National Guard , and many more. We specialize in government travelers offering per diem rates. Stay connected with our free Wireless High Speed Internet Access in our public areas and 24 Hour business center. Maintain your exercise regimen in our 24 Hour Fitness Center. The Crystal City Metro Station is one block away with Historic Old Town Alexandria only two miles. We boast five meeting rooms plus an array of business class amenities. We take pride in providing exemplary customer service and will take care of your every need. Come to the Crowne Plaza National Airport Hotel, The Place To Meet! ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with IHG, Booking.com, Expedia, Priceline, TripOnline SA, Orbitz, BookIt.com, Hotels.com and Odigeo so you can book your Crowne Plaza Washington National Airport reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Crowne Plaza Washington National Airport Hotel Arlington
- Crowne Plaza Arlington
- Crowne Plaza Hotel Arlington


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Toronto radio station retracts claim Avery made cancer-related remarks
Updated: December 3, 2007, 7:58 PM ETAssociated Press
TORONTO -- A Toronto radio station aired a retraction Monday for claiming last month that Rangers forward Sean Avery made cancer-related remarks to ill Maple Leafs forward Jason Blake.
Avery exchanged words and shoves with Blake and his Toronto teammate Darcy Tucker during warmups before New York's 3-2 shootout victory over the Maple Leafs on Nov. 10.
FAN 590 reporter Howard Berger had claimed Avery made
"cancer-related remarks" to Blake during the altercation, ...
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Our Members Say
- Reviews: 12
Embudu Water Bungalows: Water Bunglaows are great!!!
Embudu, well what can I say…….
We went there for 2 weeks in march-april and it was fantastic
We had never been to the maldives before but were hooked as soon as we arrived.
The transfer is about 30 mins in a speed boat, and u will see the taj exotica resort first, then will swing round and see embudu for the first time. U come into the island on the side near the waterbungalows if u havnt upgraded I would advise u to do so…. They are great full aircon and the views on the balcony is bliss, as for the glass floor, OMG we sat for hours watching what lies beneth, we saw loads……..
If u have been to the maldives b4 u may think it's a small island for the amount of people that are ther (the restaurant was always full), however during the day, the island empties u can always find a space to relax and sunbathe, its not too crowded in the water and u can snorkel to your hearts content without having loads of people around you, but more about that later…..
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