text:
A stimulation strategy for cochlear implants is disclosed. The method and devices that provides electrical stimuli seek to approximate the time domain response of a patient's neural system to electrical stimuli, to the time domain response of a normal hearing person to a corresponding acoustic stimulus.
1. An auditory prosthesis, comprising:
processing means for receiving an electrical signal corresponding to an acoustic signal, and
stimulation means adapted to provide electrical stimuli to the cochlea of a human, said stimulation means including an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes operatively located within the cochlea,
said prosthesis being arranged so as to permit selected electrodes to be provided with stimuli, said stimulation means being responsive to control signals received from said processing means,
wherein said processing means processes said electrical signals in accordance with a predetermined instruction set, said instruction set determining the stimulation to be applied in response to the acoustic signal including the electrodes to be stimulated, the amplitude of the stimuli, and the timing of the stimuli, said processing means providing control signals to said stimulation means to cause said stimulation means to produce a set of stimuli, said set including for at least one electrode a first stimulus pulse and at least one further pulse within the relative refractory period of at least a substantial number of the nerve fibres stimulated by said first pulse, the set being selected by said processing means to induce in the neural structures of a patient a time domain response which is approximates the time domain response of a normal hearing person to said acoustic signal.
2. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein said processing means includes
means for analyzing said electrical signal and determining which of a predefined group of acoustic features a portion of the electrical signal corresponds to, and
a look-up table referencing acoustic features of said group to control signals corresponding to sets of stimuli;
wherein said processing means is adapted to transmit said control signals to said stimulation means to generate sets of stimuli for said electrodes.
3. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the neural structures of the patient include populations of nerve fibres, each population of nerve fibre being most responsive to a particular frequency range and having a characteristic response in the time domain, and wherein said processing means is adapted to analyze said electrical signal by designating a plurality of frequency channels, each channel corresponding to one of said populations, and for each channel said processing means is adapted to perform a separate analysis to determine said control signals.
4. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein said processing means includes a memory storing a model of meural responses of normal persons with normal hearing and is adapted to process the received acoustic signal using said model to determine an ampplitude of said set of stimuli.
5. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 4, wherein processing means is adapted to determine said amplitude by calculating a desired stimulus function for the patient corresponding to the approximation of the time domain response of a normal hearing person, and thereby deriving said amplitude from said stimulus function.
6. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 4, wherein said processing means includes a look-up table relating said stimulus function to said amplitude and wherein said processing means determines said amplitude from said loop-up table.
7. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein for each stimulated electrode, the stimulus set comprises multiple pulses presented at a rate faster than the relative refractory period of the associated neurons.
8. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 7, wherein said processing means includes a memory for storing a population per-stimulus time histogram for adjacent neurons adapted to select the stimulus set for each electrode such that the adjacent neurons exhibit in response to said stimulus set said time histogram which is an approximation to the population perstimulus time histogram generated by a corresponding acoustic stimulus in a normal hearing person.
9. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 8, wherein said processing means further comprises a second memory for storing at least one of a model response, patient response data and telemtery information from the patient, and wherein said processing means is adapted to select said instruction set for stimuli for each stimulating electrode in accordance with one or more selected from the set comprising a model of neural response, predetermined patient response data, and telemetry from said stimulating means.
10. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 7, wherein said processing means is adapted to select several sets of stimulation signals, each set being chosen so as to excite different population bands of neurons.
11. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 10, wherein said processing means is adapted to select a size of a poplulation band in accordance with experimentally derived patient data in order to maximize the naturalness of the perception of sound by patients.
12. An auditory prosthesis according to claim 11 further comprising means for setting characteristics of the patient, and wherein said processing means is adapted to set said size of the population bands based on said characteristics.
13. An auditory prosthesis comprising:
a sensor that senses ambient sounds and generates a corresponding electrical signal;
a signal processor coupled to said processing means for receiving an electrical signal and generating in response stimulation signals;
an array of electrodes means adapted to receive said stimulation signals and apply said stimulation signals to the neurons of a patient, provide electrical stimuli to the cochlea of a human, said stimulation means including an electrode array having a plurality of electrodes operatively located within the cochlea;
wherein said signal processor includes a memory storing information indicative of the normal neural response characteristic of normal patients, said signal processor including a stimulation signal selector adapted to select said stimulation signals which approximate in the patient the neural response of normal persons based on said information.
14. The prosthesis of claim 13 wherein the patient has neurons characterized by a refractory period, and wherein said signal processor generates a first stimulation signal corresponding to said electrical signal and a second stimulation signal within said refractory period resulting from said first stimulation signal, said second stimulation signal being selected by said signal processor based on the normal neural response.
15. The prosthesis of claim 13 wherein the normal neural response includes a time domain response and wherein said signal processor is adapted to select said stimulation signals based on said time domain response.
16. The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein said signal processor includes a feature extraction element coupled to said electrical signal to detect a plurality features of said electrical signal, and wherein said signal processor generates one of a set of stimulation signals, each set corresponding to one of said features.
17. The prosthesis of claim 16 wherein said signal processor includes a look-up table, said look-up table being arranged to reference features of said electrical signals with corresponding stimulation sets.
18. The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein signal processor is adapted to designate a plurality of frequency channels, each stimulation set being assigned to one of said channels, said frequency channels being activated in response to a frequency content of said electrical signals.
The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing electrical stimuli, and a strategy for electrical stimulation, for auditory prostheses such as cochlear implants.
Cochlear implants of various types have been proposed and constructed. For the purposes of explanation of the present invention, reference will be made to arrangements such as are commercially available from Cochlear Pty Ltd. However, it will be appreciated that the present invention is equally applicable to other types of auditory prostheses. An intracochlear electrode array is surgically implanted in a patient, together with a receiver stimulator unit for providing electrical stimuli to selected electrode pairs within the array. The receiver stimulator unit is connected, via an inductive transcutaneous link or a direct percutaneous connection, to an external sound processing device and microphone.
The present invention is concerned principally with the process of selecting appropriate stimuli, and with the actual stimulus pulses delivered in response to the acoustic stimuli. According to known arrangements, stimuli may be applied between different pairs of electrodes, to provide different modes of stimulation. In general, the electrode pair selected is related to the pitch of a detected tone. In this case, stimuli have generally used a consistent pulse timing and shape, and amplitude is determined by reference to the amplitude of the detected sound signal. It is also known to stimulate at a rate related to a detected tone, so as to induce a pitch percept.
However, it has been determined that the perceptions of patients in response to these stimuli are different from the perceptions using the normal hearing mechanisms. It has been determined that, in particular, the response of the auditory nerve to such stimulation is quite dissimilar to the neural response of a normally hearing person to the same sound.
In a paper by Parkins et al, entitled "A fibre sum modulation code for a cochlear prosthesis", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1983 at p 490, the authors discuss providing stimuli in such a way as to mimic the neural response of a normal hearing person to acoustic stimuli. The stimulus waveform is modified, using a complex mathematical model, so that the post stimulus time histogram approximates that of the normal hearing case. However, the arrangement described is not suited for real time processing so as to facilitate implementation in an implantable or portable device.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,495,384 to Scott et al discloses a real time processing arrangement for a cochlear implant. This disclosure does not describe a system which accounts for the refractory period of nerve fibres, and as a result the stimuli produced do not provide a neural response having a time domain waveform similar to the normal hearing case.
In a paper by Motz and Rattay, (1988), "Signal processing strategies for electrostimulated ear prostheses based in simulated nerve response", the stimulated authors discuss the problems associated with hyperpolarisation of the auditory nerve fibres, and consequent loss of perception of higher formants by patients. The stimuli were simulated as if presented from a single electrode. The authors propose the use of further pulses after the initial stimulus pulse, the later pulses having considerable linear increases in amplitude, to improve the perception of higher formants. There is no disclosure of selecting pulses so as to produce a desired post-stimulus time histogram in the auditory nerve structures.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a practical arrangement for generating electrical stimuli so that an auditory nerve response is produced which better approximates the time domain response of the neural structures of a normal hearing person to a given acoustic stimulus.
According to one aspect the present invention comprises a cochlear implant device, comprising processing means for receiving an electrical signal corresponding to an acoustic signal, and stimulation means adapted to provide electrical stimuli to the cochlea of a human, said stimulation means including an electrode array comprising a plurality of electrodes operatively located within the cochlea, said device being arranged so as to permit selected electrodes to be provided with stimuli, said stimulation means being responsive to control signals received from said processing means,
characterised in that said processing means processes said electrical signals in accordance with a predetermined instruction set, said instruction set determining the stimulation to be applied in response to the acoustic signal including the electrodes to be stimulated, the amplitude of the stimuli, and the timing of the stimuli, said processing means providing control signals to said stimulation means to cause said stimulation means to produce a set of stimuli, said set including for at least one electrode a first stimulus pulse and at least one further pulse within the refractory period of at least a substantial number of the nerve fibres stimulated by said first pulse, the set being selected such that the neural structures of a patient in response to said set have a time domain response which is an approximation to the time domain response of a normal hearing person to said acoustic signal.
The instruction set preferably analyses the electrical signal corresponding to the acoustic signal, so as to identify portions of the signal as corresponding to one of a group of predefined features. These may include, for example, phonemes, tones or chords. A look up table may be provided which provides stimulus sets which have been determined to operatively induce an appropriate time domain neural response corresponding to the acoustic feature. Alternatively, the neural response may be directly calculated. This stimulation is then presented via the electrode array.
The sets of stimuli may be selected so as to stimulate selected populations of nerve fibres at different times, so as to take account of the refractory period of the nerve fibres. The sets of stimuli may also take into account the responses of specific nerve fibres, and are preferably tailored to the responses of a particular patient. For example, each patient may have different degrees of array insertion, some electrodes may not be active post-operatively, and different patients have different degrees of nerve survival. The stimulus sets are chosen so as to allow the nerve response to the stimuli to approximate the time domain response of normal hearing patients to the respective acoustic stimulus. This response may be determined with reference to the post stimulus histogram, inter-spike intervals histogram, and/or the period histogram of individual nerves, or of chosen bands or populations of nerve, or by other telemetry from the stimuli.
The stimulus sets may be designed in advance, using preferably a model of neural response and statistical and/or mathematical analysis. Alternatively, the stimulus sets may be calculated in real time. The stimulus sets may be calculated to take into account single unit effects, or population effects, or preferably both. The present invention allows tailoring of the stimuli, both for different acoustic inputs, and for the peculiarities of individual patients. It is believed that the closer the time domain waveform of the evoked auditory response via electrical stimulation can be brought to that experienced by a normal hearing person, the easier it will be for patients to interpret the precepts produced.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an aspect of the theoretical basis fro the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates in block form processing according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates graphically theoretical and measured plots of spike rate against stimulus function;
FIG. 4 illustrates a sample period histogram of a population of nerves;
FIG. 5 illustrates a multiple pulse histogram according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a histogram produced according to standard techniques;
FIG. 7 illustrates a histogram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates current levels required to produce the output of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 illustrates the spread of action potentials excited by the stimulation;
FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate further implementation of the present invention in block form; and
FIG. 12 illustrates schematically a cochlear implant system;
FIG. 13 illustrates the time and power signals associated with a phoneme;
FIG. 14 illustrates firing probabilities for various bands of neurons;
FIG. 15 illustrates the probability of spikes in various time periods for a particular selected band; and
FIG. 16 illustrates a sample refractory function.
The present invention relates to a broad principle for applying electrical stimuli to patients with acoustic prostheses. It is emphasised that whilst the present invention is described with reference to a specific implementation, a wide variety of possible implementations exist. For example, different models for neural response may be used to estimate the required stimuli, and different stimulation arrangements, for example percutaneous connection, may well be used.
A cochlear implant system of the type contemplated is illustrated in FIG. 12, and comprises in general terms a microphone 1 which receives sound signals and passes a corresponding signal to the speech processor 2. The speech processor processes the received electrical signal to produce a set of stimulus data. This is transmitted, together with power, from the external coil 3 to internal coil 4, and then to the receiver stimulator unit (RSU) 5, which then provides stimulus pulses to the selected electrode pairs of electrode array 6 so as to stimulate the nerve fibres and provide a percept of sound to the user.
The neural response cannot be derived as a trivial function of, say, the input sound signal. One aspect of the difficulty of accurately simulating the response relates to the complexity of the system. The normal hearing ear has approximately 30, 000 nerve fibres, each of which can reach action potential independently of the others at any time during the stimulus. It is not possible to generate electrical pulses which cause this system to behave identically to the normal hearing situation.
One aspect of the implementation of the present invention relates to varying the numbers, amplitude, shape and rate of the pulses to evoke an approximation of the NHNR. This is achieved in particular by evoking the correct number of action potentials (counted across either one representative fibre, or alternatively across the population of fibres) within each "phase" of the waveform, or averaged over many appropriately chosen phases of the waveform. This phase corresponds to the available divisions within the stimulation period, which is limited by the modulation rate--if the modulation rate was 4 times the frequency of a tone, then each "phase" would be one quadrant of the waveform. This results in a "staircase" approximation to the NHNR which is very similar to that of the acoustical case. The specially designed stimuli are applied across each period of the simulated tone, and are designed via computer simulation, and mathematical analysis, of the auditory nerve's response to both auditory and electrical stimulation.
Modifications to the waveform are used to improve the spatio-temporal neural response. These modifications include (but are not limited to) modifications to the number, amplitude, spacing, and width of the pulses to better simulate the spatio-temporal pattern of the NHNR. These degrees of freedom are provided in conventional systems, but are generally not exploited.
The present invention allows for various types of temporal response to be induced, as is required in various applications. One approach is to utilise the present invention to evoke as near an approximation as possible to the correct population per stimulus time histogram, by applying several pulses per stimulus period. The pulse amplitudes may be chosen so as to generate the correct number of action potentials in each part of the waveform. The pulse sizes may be chosen using various means, examples of which are discussed below.
A further aspect of the present invention is that by utilising the refractive properties of neurons, it is possible according to the present invention to provide stimuli such that different bands within the stimulation range of an electrode (SRE) fire at different times. This allows for the stimuli to evoke desired inter-pulse timings within each band, so that the phase relationship between the bands in normal hearing can be approximated. The size of the bands chosen may be selected, so that the band size may be selected to be that size which provides the best percepts for the patient. This may be customised for each patient.
The present invention is described largely in the context of available implant systems, which utilise a standard biphasic pulse. Altering the pulse shape will necessarily alter the time domain response of the associated neural structures. The present invention is not limited in scope to the use of existing or standard pulse shapes, although clearly alternative pulse shapes will alter the details of the effects noted above.
In order to more fully understand the present invention, we will initially briefly consider its theoretical basis. In a conventional cochlear implant, the neurones of the auditory nerve are stimulated by application of a series of biphasic currents between electrodes of the electrode array. Each biphasic stimulation causes a group of neurones to fire. The number of neurones that fire due to a stimulation is determined by such factors as relative location of the group of neurones to the stimulating electrodes, and the history of stimulation of those neurones. If many of the neurones are in a refractory period due to past stimulation then the application of new stimulation will not cause as many of them to fire as would be the case if they were being stimulated for the first time.
It is further desirable according to the present invention to provide an estimate which is representative of the temporal response of the wider population of nerves, not merely those close to a single electrode. In order to overcome variations in neuron response due to location with respect to the stimulating electrodes, the neurones can be considered as divided into strips, each of which are assumed to contain neurones that are equally stimulated by the application of a given stimulus pulse. This is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1. Neurones 12 in the region of electrodes 10, 11 are notionally divided into strips, labelled i, i+1, and so forth.
Suppose that a single biphasic stimulation is applied between electrodes 10,11, at various amplitudes, and the ith strip of neurones monitored. Whilst of course in practise any given pulse will stimulate multiple strips, it is assumed that this strip contains the neurones most responsive to the stimulating electrode. The stimulus function Sk describes the neural response from the kth pulse. Ak is the amplitude of the kth pulse. It is possible to make up a table for each strip relating Ak to Sk.
In practice the neurones are not stimulated by isolated biphasic pulses but by a series of stimulations. Each electrical stimulation will elicit a neuronal response from a single strip of neurones of Nlk action potentials, where N is the number of neurons in that strip, and lk is the averaged probability of any neuron from that strip acheiving action potential during pulse k. It is known that the pulse in a series of stimulation pulses that elicits lk has the same amplitude as the isolated pulse that elicits Sk where Sk and Ik are related by: ##EQU1## Let the pulse period equal T. (n+c) is the length of the relative refractory period divided by T,, and γ(k-i) is one minus the refractory function measured for time kT since the last action potential.
Therefore it is possible to generate a particular lk by determining Sk and then looking up the appropriate amplitude of the biphasic pulse Ak to be applied.
So far it has been shown how to determine the amplitude of the biphasic stimulation to be applied in order to elicit a desired neural response Ik in the ith stimulated strip of nervous tissue.
Linking of Acoustic Signals to Neural Response
Current speech processors used in cochlear implant technology rely on extracting significant features of speech. For example, using the SMSP process, electrical signals corresponding to received sound signals are processed by means of band pass filters, eg. 16, to provide a signal corresponding to amplitude in each channels. A selected number of said amplitude signals having the greatest amplitude, e.g.6, are used to modulate the amplitude of the stimulation pulse.
In order to incorporate the present invention into such a system it is necessary to calculate the lk which would arise in the normal hearing situation in each band where stimulation is to occur. This lk may be calculated by use of an approximate model of the cochlea and normal neuronal response. See for example Parkins et al "A Fibre Sum Modulation Code for a Cochlear Prosthesis", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1983 p490, or one of the many other published models.
The lk is then mapped to the appropriate Sk by means of the equation above, and the map of Ak to Sk is used in order to determine the amplitude of the biphasic pulse to be applied. This process is described in FIG. 2. An input signal 20 is processed by software 21 in order to extract a particular feature or set of features. This process may be a conventional cochlear implant type, for example SMSP or identification of formants. Alternatively, it may be a software process to recognise phonemes or similar features, such as discrete musical tones. The recognised feature is referenced via look-up table 22 to provide a desired normal hearing neural response, lk, which corresponds to a percept of the feature extracted. Sk can then be determined with reference to the equation above. An amplitude Ak for each pulse can then be derived from look-up table 24. Simultaneously, according to this implementation, the input signal 20 is processed 25 so as to select an electrode pair for tonotopic stimulation. The stimulus is then determined 26 by combining the derived Ak with the electrode site selected at 25, to provide a set of stimuli to electrode array 27.
The look up table may be provided using any conventional memory device. The first table stores the required type of patient percept, that is, the feature extracted (e.g. a phoneme, or a tone), with corresponding normal hearing neural response patterns. The other input to the table is the required volume level of the perception. The output of the lookup table is a set of electrical stimuli which evoke the desired neural response. These are preferably calculated off-line via methods similar to those described above, and stored. This arrangement allows for a reduction in processor capacity, as it is not necessary for whole waveforms to be fully calculated.
The second lookup table 24 requires as input the width of the stimulation pulses, the rate of stimulation, and the desired stimulus function (Sk), and returns the amplitude Ak of the stimulus required for this. The values for the lookup table may be obtained in a variety of ways . One approach is to use animal studies with a variety of pulse rates at a variety of amplitudes and rates (for each pulse width). From the responses measured, the `s` function can be calculated.
FIG. 3 lists the expected spike rates for biphasic pulses as a function of the S function (for given pulse rates and pulse width) versus the actual experimental results. The experimental results were obtained by putting in fixed width biphasic pulses at various pulse rates and intensities, and graphing the neural response rates. The theoretical values may be calculated as follows.
Assume the stochastic process describing the timing of the action potentials is a self exciting point process (Snyder and Miller, 1991). Define the number of spikes (events) to time t as Nt, then at any time t, the time since the last spike equals t-tNt. The intensity of the point process (Snyder and Miller, 1991) is equal to s(t) r(t-tNt), where s(t)≧0 is a stimulus related function, depending on time (determined by the properties of the neuron and also the signal presented to the neuron) and r (.)≧0 is a refractory function, which lowers the rate of action potential generation as a function of the time since last action potential. r(.) is determined solely by the properties of the neuron, and possibly also by the type of stimulus (electric or acoustic), and is independent of the size of the stimulus.
Consider a system where the s function is a set of identical pulses spaced at a period of T with the width of each pulse W being less than the dead time of the neuron. Let the refractory function r (t-tNt) be constant over the following regions: ##EQU2## Define ##EQU3## A is the probability of there being no points assuming a Poisson rate of s (t) during the pulse, and no refractory effects. αn is the size of the refractive function, where the last action potential occurred n pulses ago. Define N as the smallest integer such that (N+1)T-W≧b. Then, the steady state average rate of neural firing equals: ##EQU4## The values for lookup tables which relate the S function to the electrical intensity, for given conditions, may then be derived. This may be done in a number of ways.
A relatively simple method involves simply measuring the `S` function directly for a given pulse set up by measuring the neural response under a number of conditions of pulse rate and intensity.
For instance, from FIG. 3, a pulse at an intensity of about 35 when presented at 200 pps would equate to an S function of about 10, and increases in intensity will approximately relate to increases in S function in a linear plus offset relationship.
Alternatively, at 200 pps, to produce an S function of, say 20, a stimulus intensity of about 40 is required.
Of course, further research may result in a more detailed representation of the relationship, but this simple initial approach provides a reasonable representation.
An alternate method of determination of the necessary current values for a given pulse rate and width would be to (with each patient) apply a series of pulses at fixed rate and width, and determine the threshold and comfortable levels of current. Then, a second parameter which indicates the size of the effective `S` function at each level could be determined either by masking studies, or alternately by experiments where such a parameter is changed, and the perceptual response noted, ie. a particular sound could be coded, and then repeatedly played to the patient, under the assumption of a given proportionality between the current intensity, and the S function. The proportionality which returns the `best` response--either in terms of naturalness or in terms of signal discriminability, could be stored in the look up table.
Thus, in this particular implementation, there would be three parameters: a threshold and comfortable level current, and a scalar parameter relating the current intensity (at a given pulse rate) to size of the `S` function. Note that this would need to be done for each electrode stimulation combination. (ie. monopolar on each, bipolar on each pair, etc).
It will be appreciated that the pulse timing may be determined in various ways, within the scope of the present invention. In a simple implementation, a constant pulse rate may be used for all electrodes. This rate must of course be much faster than the relative refractive period, typically 20 ms, and is preferably less than 1 ms. A preferred implementation uses a pulse rate for each electrode such that the rate is an integral multiple of the characteristic frequency of the adjacent neural population.
FIG. 10 illustrates in block form an alternative implementation of the present invention. In this case, the received acoustic signal is processed by a transducer, and then enters a filter bank with n outputs. Illustratively, this may be 6. For each channel, a model of neural response for that part of the neural structure is used to produce a normal hearing neural response (NHNR) for that part of the acoustic signal falling within the channel. The Sk can then be calculated using the equation shown above. The Sk can be related to Ak in a look-up table, as previously discussed. This Ak can then be used as the basis for an instruction to the RSU to stimulate the appropriate electrode pair at amplitude Ak.
FIG. 11 illustrates a related implementation to FIG. 10. The distinction is that for each channel output from the filter bank, FFT techniques are used to derive a fundamental tone. Using a similar process to that described in relation to FIG. 1, this tone is related to a NHNR via a look up table, the Sk calculated, and the corresponding Ak determined from a further look-up table. A stimulus instruction is then sent to the RSU based on the determined Ak, and the electrode site corresponding to the tone. This process may be performed for each channel, or for a selected set of channels, determined via the SMSP technique, which have the greatest amplitude.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the principle of the present invention. To cause a population response similar to that from a NHNR for a 1 kHz tone, we could apply a continuously repeating set of four μs biphasic pulses, where the amplitudes were in the ratio of 4,6.5,7,0, resulting in a neural response in the ratio of 10,24,10,0. This is illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9.
The stimulation strategy proposed according to the illustrative example below is designed to be capable of implementation on a speech processor for cochlear implants which codes signals in terms of biphasic pulses. The examples illustrated utilise a fixed-width biphasic--bi-polar pulse, with an overall pulse width of 250 us.
FIG. 4 illustrates a population histogram for a population of 64 nerves around the 1 KHz place in a cat cochlea of total length 2.5 cm. The acoustic input is a 1 KHz tone. FIG. 5 illustrates an approximation using multiple pulses according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates output pulses using one pulse per period, in other words, using standard stimulation techniques. It is clear that such fixed-rate stimulation techniques can not form a close approximation to the desired output histogram at any frequency other than that of stimulation.
A multiple-pulse electrical stimulation model was iterated in a trial and error fashion until a set of current levels was found which provided the required histogram according to the present invention. The results can be seen in FIG. 7. It is clear that for each period, the actual histogram closely resembles the desired approximation of FIG. 5. Clearly, when compared to FIG. 6, the present invention provides a much closer approximation.
The following describes the implementation of the inventive techniques in relation to a specific sound input.
The phoneme /e (sounds like a short `eh`) is shown in FIG. 13, together with its power spectral density. Note that the spectrum has a number of peaks in the frequency spectrum (at about 800, 500, and 200 Hz). These may be used as the main frequencies targeted for stimulation. The signal is from an isolated sound.
It was applied to the model from Benjamin D Brayant and John D Gowdy, "Stimulation of Stages I and II of Seneff's Auditory Model (SAM) Using Matlab", published in the proceedings of the 1993 Matlab User's Group Conference.
The model provides the averaged neural response for neurons from forty regions of the basilar membrane (ranging in characteristic frequency from high frequency to low frequency). Of course, the model could be set for any number of bands required, for example, the response of bands corresponding to each stimulating electrode. The response of some of the bands are shown as FIG. 14. It will be appreciated that other models and software could be used to produce this result.
The inventive technique may be used to code each band which corresponds to the characteristic frequency of neurons close to an electrode. For now, let us imagine that band 40 (for instance) corresponded to an electrode, and examine how the inventive technique could be used to generate pulses for that electrode. It will be appreciated that other electrodes would also be coded at the same time.
In the neural response here, there are two aspects. A broad lowering of probability over time, probably due to onset effects, as well as a fine structure. The present invention provides information to the user about both.
The fine structure of response here has approximately 20 periods in the 80 ms, corresponding to a period of 4 ms, or a frequency of 250 hz. As an example, we will code with 8 pulses per period, requiring a coding frequency of 2000 Hz, or in other words a bin size of 0.5 ms.
The probabilities shown in the graph will be the lk, or NHNR, of the theory above. So using the formulas given, it is possible to work out the Sk which will, give the required responses.
Let us assume that the population of neurons we wish to control can be approximated by 3 approximately equally stimulateable regions (the centre one being the most stimulateable), and we want the total number of action potentials from this summed population (divided by the total number of neurons in the summed population) to follow the curve of the Figure.
Use the following equation, ##EQU5## where Sk,i is the stimulation function for the ith region during pulse k, lk,i is the averaging probability of neural response for the ith region during pulse k, and γ(k) equals one minus the refractory function evaluated for the case where the last action potential occurred k.T ago
The probability of firing in each 0.5 ms bin, can then be calculated, as shown in FIG. 15.
From this calculation, the probabilities required for the first 10 bins are:
______________________________________ k Ik______________________________________ 1 .014 2 .000 3 .000 4 .022 5 .371 6 .382 7 .231 8 .001 9 .000 10 .000______________________________________
A given electrical pulse will elicit different responses at different distances from the site of stimulation. αi is defined as the ration between a nominal S for some pulse, and the actual S generated for the ith region. Let us assume that the αi for the three sub-populations are 0.7, 1 and 0.7 for each population (1, 2, 3).
FIG. 16 gives approximate values of the refractory function(1-γ), and the gammas would be (very approximately), about 1 for the first three bins (1 ms), and decreasing from there to about zero after about 25 ms (the 50th) bin. Therefore, responses from the last 50 bins are relevant when calculating the response in any bin.
So gamma will be approximately 1 for the first two bins, and 0.5 after bin 10 or so, and then 0.97 after bin 45, etc.
To obtain the required population per-stimulus time histogram from the total of the 3 sub-regions, we apply the formula: ##EQU6##
So, to do the calculation:
1. Assume that before time 0 there has been no significant amount of firing. (If a previous token was coded earlier, then the processor will remember the lk 's from that token, and how long ago).
2. Loop over each pulse, or `k`.
3. Calculate Gk,i. as described above.
4. Using the equation above, calculate the required Sk. Also, store the three lk,i values this will evoke for use in calculations of future Gk,i values.
5. Using the lookup table (as previously discussed) determine the required intensity of the pulse.
6. Administer the pulse for the correct amount of time, and go to step 2.
This procedure is readily implementable using conventional software techniques.
Variations and alternatives are possible within the general scope of this invention, as will be apparent to the reader. In particular, it is noted that the various processing components may be differently arranged, so that for example some or all the look up tables are located within the implanted portion of the device.
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I have two sort of deep vertical lines right between my eye brows. Which procedure would be better, botox or restylane. Or should one have both procedures on the same site? I am not sure if you can see the vertical line on my picture. I am the one on the right. Thanks.
Which Product Do I Use for Vertical Lines? Botox or Restylane?
Doctor Answers 22
Botox for corrugator muscle lines
Thanks for providing the photo to help our answers. I think the active muscle lines between the eyebrows (corrugator muscle lines) would be ideal for Botox. In fact, that is the area for which the parent company obtained FDA approval for the marketing of Botox. Many of the initial studies were done for that area.
If you did not achieve satisfactory improvement after 2 treatments and 6-8 months time, you might add a filler in addition to Botox. I would not suggest filler alone. Good luck. I think you'll look great.
Have a question? Ask a doctor
Botox and Restylane
Botox stops the movement of the muscles causing your frown. Restylane fills in the depressions. You can have both the same day and if you keep up with regular Botox injections, your Restylane may last for years.
Botox first for glabellar frown lines
These are the corrugator muscles - when they contract, they form what we call 'glabellar frown lines', these vertical lines of wrinkles. The thing to do is to relax these muscles with Botox. Start there and see what it looks like before you pay for any fillers. Good luck. It should cost somewhere between 250-400 dollars depending on how prominent these muscles are in your case.
You might also like...
Botox versus Restylane for vertical lines
Botox is great
Vertical lines on forehead requires Botox or Dysport first
Vertical lines on forehead are due to combination of dynamic and static wrinkles. I would consider Botox or Dysport first for dynamic lines which are caused by involuntary muscle contraction then followed by judicious placement of filler if necessary for the static lines due to loss of volume in affected area.
Web reference: http://www.drwilliamting.com/Cosmetic_Dermatology.html
Botox/Dysport and Restylane/Juvederm can be a great combo!
For the vertical frown lines between the eyebrows, the combination of Botox AND filler can work better together than either alone. The Botox works to weaken the muscles creating the wrinkle, and the filler works to immediately lift and smooth the line that would otherwise take months and months and months to smooth out just with Botox alone preventing creasing.
If the line is mild, and your budget has limits (whose doesn't?), it's a good plan to try the Botox first and see after a round or two if the line is smooth enough. If not, then add filler.
Starting with filler alone is an option (especially for someone nervous about Botox) but it's important to know that the gel filler will physically lift the line but NOT stop the muscles from continuing to try to crease that skin, ultimately leading to a deeper line and the need for more filler sooner than if Botox were there too.
Frown lines and treatment
For the vertical glabellar lines or frown lines I usually start off with Botox. If they are very etched in, I will add a filler after I see the affects of the Botox.
Botox is the First Choice for Frown Lines
It looks like in your picture that you would be better suited for Botox. While the lines may seem deep, they look like they would be effectively addressed with Botox and that it would not be necessary to use Restylane.
We only suggest Restylane in this situation if Botox has failed to do the job of smoothing the area.
Try Botox first and if there are still some wrinkles left, then try Restylane. Make sure you choose your practitioner based on his/her experience with these procedures before starting.
Web reference: http://www.celibre.com/botox.aspx
Botox mostly
Probably the best procedure would be to adminster Botox. These are dynamic lines and respond to Botox (treatment of these lines, the glabella lines, are still the only cosmetic approval for Botox). Two weeks later you could come back to the office and see whether Restylane might be needed to fill in the slight more superficial lines that remain.An alternative is to have the fillers plased first and then have Botox injected ( in this order so the Botox does not obliterate the lines).
Make sure your physician is experienced at injecting this area. I would absolutely not let a physician out of the cosmetic core of physicians (plastic surgery, dermatology, oculo-plastic surgery) inject this area. The injections required should be done superficially, slowly with serial puncture technique to prevent embolism into the retinal artery or ischemia . Sometimes filler can intrude and push the vessels closed causing ischemia (lack of blood flow) and necrosis. Rare but it happens.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.

subset: commoncrawl


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10,000 - 50,000 downloadsAdd this app to your listsTweets por @Appszoom
Features include:
-An interactive version of the Coexist artwork which reacts to your touch, movement and environment.
-Exclusive visualiser videos for every track on Coexist based on source videos for the album's artwork.
-News, notifications and messages direct from the band.
-Watch all of The xx's official music videos.
-Read lyrics to every xx song.
-See all the tour dates and buy tickets.
-Access the band's store with exclusive official merchandise.
Tags: the xx coexist wallpaper, the xx wallpaper, www.xxwallpaper.com, the xx wallpaper co exist.
(46 stars)
I love it
(46 stars)
Just a web page badly shoehorned into an app window. Why bother? Just make those pages into your mobile website.
(46 stars)
I went looking for info on The Xx and found this app. While not the smoothest running thing it worked on my tablet. Loved the music, the art and turned my "maybe" into a "definitely will buy" their CD. I now have a new band to add to my music collection!
(46 stars)
Is there anyway to use the touch wallpaper as a live wallpaper? Would be good!
(46 stars)
This app doesn't work at all. i can see the front page but that's all. none of the links work.


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42 Reviews
Average Customer Review
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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Great Principles for confident parenting
I had read the first book and found it pretty helpful. But this book really helped me gain confidence in knowing how to guide and parent my toddler. I borrowed it from the library but found it so good, I had to buy my own copy for reference. There is so much great stuff in there for every aspects of a Toddler's life. In comparison to the toddler stage, looking back at...
Published on Oct. 30 2005
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars Mom of twins
I never read her first book on infants but Hogg's "insights" into toddlers rates no greater than those of the average parent. This book is all over the place and attempts to cover nearly every aspect of a toddler's life, from developmental milestones to switching to solid foods to stopping temper tantrums. Unfortunately, none of the topics are covered completely or...
Published on Feb. 14 2002
Most Helpful First | Newest First
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Great Principles for confident parenting,
By A Customer
This review is from: Secrets of the Baby Whisperer for Toddlers (Paperback)
I had read the first book and found it pretty helpful. But this book really helped me gain confidence in knowing how to guide and parent my toddler. I borrowed it from the library but found it so good, I had to buy my own copy for reference. There is so much great stuff in there for every aspects of a Toddler's life. In comparison to the toddler stage, looking back at the infant stage of my child--there were a different set of challenges. This book was written with tremendous understanding of what parents of toddlers(especially first time parents) face! With Toddlers, you can't have a simple "how to" manual, you need principles to guide you. And this is exactly what Tracy does! She's a guide. I do not find her condescending at all! In fact, I find her principles very directive and liberating. She gives very reasonable and wise principles for parenting your toddler. It's not all general either.
However, she does speak to a certain kind of parent; it seems like those who choose attachment parenting aren't crazy about her. She speaks to the parent that does not necessarily want their child to be "attached" per se, but wants a child to be secure and confidently loved nonetheless. So if you're looking for good guidlines for confident parenting, this is a great place to start. She's not going to preach about inflexible methodology but rather flexible principles where you can apply them to everyday challenges and situations with your toddler! If this is the kind of parenting you want, then this is your book!
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars The best toddler book out there,
I can't say enough good things about this book. I've found most books on toddlers to be quite depressing. Tracy's book actually makes me look forward to my baby's toddler days. I feel like it will be challenging, but very fun and rewarding.
One of the things I enjoy most about Tracy's writing is her emphasis on the personhood of your child. She wants you to really consider how your child is feeling. I think this ties in very well to her chapter on accidental parenting, which talks about how your actions reinforce bad habits in your child. I think that the interplay between understanding your child's feelings, and understanding how your behavior effects your child's behavior sets the stage for good discipline.
I also really liked her chapter on discipline. I thought she presented a good case against spanking, but also provided parents with the tools they need to discipline effectively. It isn't enough to tell someone not to spank, you also have to give them something to do besides spanking.
It was a wonderful book. I think all parents of toddlers will learn from it.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars Mom of twins,
By A Customer
I never read her first book on infants but Hogg's "insights" into toddlers rates no greater than those of the average parent. This book is all over the place and attempts to cover nearly every aspect of a toddler's life, from developmental milestones to switching to solid foods to stopping temper tantrums. Unfortunately, none of the topics are covered completely or affectively. Her tip to help with dressing a toddler ("buy loose clothes with elasticized waists, big buttons and Velcro closures") is an example of the elementary tactics offered.
I was looking for a book to help me understand my toddlers (I have twins) and how to best work with them, especially during the challenging times of disciplining. But even during the rare times that the book delves into helpful topics, such as determining your toddler's temperament/type, the following chapters do not build on the information. So now I know that one of my toddlers is "spirited" and one is an "angel"; so what?
An even greater concern for me is the judgmental and condescending tone of this book. Other books have offered me far better lessons and motivated me to change my behavior without making me feel like a completely incompetent parent.
The few insights that I gleaned from this book are available in much more comprehensive and less patronizing texts, including Easy to Love, Difficult to Discipline by Becky A. Baily; and Your Two-Year-Old, Terrible or Tender and Your Three-Year-Old, Friend or Enemy by Louse Bates Ames. I'm sure may more sources are out there but these have really helped me be a much more understanding, patient and loving parent.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Perfect! Stop looking and purchase this book!,
This review is from: Secrets of the Baby Whisperer for Toddlers (Paperback)
I'm such a better mother now after I have read all her books. I also found the DVD to be helpful. I have made notes on 3x5 cards for easy reference. Every time I feel I'm loosing my patience with my 'spirited' toddler I just pull out the card with the solution to my particular problem and its like having her there with me as my nanny. I wish! If I ever run into her I will just loose it! Somtimes I think of how unaware I was in the beginning and it's frightening. She has really opened my mind to a better motherhood. I recommend this book and wish the doctors would just hand these books out to their patients after giving birth, I wish mine had. Don't listen to ANY of these reviews that gave under five stars. I have no idea why they would want anyone to doubt the power of these books. If you are a loving mother you will read it and apply it into your life.
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Not as Good as the Original,
By A Customer
This book is moderately helpful, but not as good as Hogg and Blau's original "Secrets of the Baby Whisperer." While that book was an invaluable asset and demonstrated Hogg's true expertise with babies, this one seems to emulate its predecessor instead of standing on its own. I found the first one much more helpful and practical than "What to Expect the First Year," but now I find "What to Expect the Toddler Years" to be more informative than this toddler book. If you're as big a fan of the first book as I was, you probably are tempted to go right out and buy this one as soon as your baby becomes a toddler. I would encourage you to read it to benefit from some of the more helpful parts (especially good, in my opinion, were the ritual and routine recommendations), but unfortunately, it doesn't pass the test to be your go-to guide to your toddler.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars Went against everything I believe,
Grizzy Lu (Monrovia, CA USA) - See all my reviews
This book really made my skin crawl.It is so far from the idea of attachment parenting. It focused on the parents needs more then the baby's. They are only little for such a short time. Why not love them , hold them and cuddle as much as they want? what is more important, sleep or having your child feel safe and loved? After I read the book I gave it to my 9 month old baby and let him do what babies do to books. A much better use then keeping it in my library.
5.0 out of 5 stars Great advice, easy to follow,
Shaz "oi-you!" (Naples, FL USA) - See all my reviews
Tracy Hogg has given us yet another gem. If you, like myself, have found yourself beating your head against the wall where your toddler is concerned, you should do yourself a favor and splurge on this book. In the first "Baby Whisperer" book, Tracy taught us how to respect our infants without surrendering our parental control, and gave us simple acronyms (E.A.S.Y., S.L.O.W.)to remind us of her helpful advice. In her "toddler" edition, she uses the same method. Is your toddler refusing to potty train or play with other kids? What about dinner time- do you dread the constant fight over getting the kids to eat their veggies? Tracy gives helpful hints to overcome common toddler struggles, all the while encouraging us to praise our kids and give them the structure they need and, oddly enough, desire. Other topics are discussed, such as food allergies, kids who won't seem to talk, air travel do's and don'ts, the 12 ingredients of conscious discipline, typical or chronic sleep problems, and how to help your toddler deal with a new "intruder" in the form of his/her new baby sibling. Never has applying practical advice been presented in such an easy-to-follow fashion.
5.0 out of 5 stars Toddler Love, Toddler Sleep, Toddler Eat,
Jen Brock-Garcia "Jen Brock-Garcia" (Bellevue, WA) - See all my reviews
Hogg does an excellent job of calming the frazzled nerves of parents with toddlers. I'm the single mom of a "spirited" toddler. And I thought I was going to lose my mind. I read this book a week ago, and things are already better. She has parents examine their behavior as well as that of the child's. She doesn't present it as if you are an awful parent if your child won't go to sleep or throws fits that are unmanagable. But there is a problem, or you wouldn't be reading this book in the first place. And what I find the most amazing thing about her book is that she offers no quick fixes. In a time when everyone wants to lose 10 lb. in one week, and have their children sleep through the night in the same amount of time, Hogg says it cannot be done. What she suggests is introducing limits and actually *being* the parent. Her method takes time. I am an attachment parent, and I find no conflicts between this style and mine. She does not ever say you should lock your child in a room and walk away or otherwise desert him. She's not a Ferberer. She's also against spanking, yelling, slapping, shaming and teasing. In the past I've become very angry with my child because of his behavior. Now I can understand where his behavior comes from, what I've done to let the situation get out of hand and not only can I deal with him better, I can prevent most of the behaviors that drive me up a wall. A great book for tired parents.
5.0 out of 5 stars Tracy you have done it again. Congratulations,
Michale (Lake Forest, IL) - See all my reviews
Thank you !!
I could not read this book fast enough. With my daughter Rachel fast approaching 15 months, I took all the advice in the Baby Whisperer book and turned around my then 3 month old grumpy/touchy none sleeping baby girl, into an Angel baby, sleeping through the night at 4 months. YES the one I thought I gave birth too and dreamed about.
And what a great read the Toddler book is.
If you decide to parent using Tracy's philosophy and enjoyed her Baby book you have to read the Toddler book. The advice and intuition is common sense and oh so real, information is oozing out of this book.
A superb blend of humor mixed with real life stories, leaves you feeling empowered with the woes of toddlerhood, I am just finding out whether or not my Angel daughter is going to continue her path, but I know she is. We have had our moments though, and now I feel so confident about the situations that do arise.
A more empowering book than her first, wonderfully written, I just cant seem to put it down. Husband laughs alot when I wont leave the house without it. But he did eventually read Tracy's Baby book and enjoyed it, he has not got his hands on this book yet.
Congratulations on such a wonderful book
Michale and daughter Rachel XX
5.0 out of 5 stars Helped with my toddler!,
By A Customer
I have an 18 month old "Spirited" toddler. He wakes up at 7 am and is busy nonstop until 7:30 pm. He naps about an hour and seems to get by just fine on that little nap. That's parenting, though, and his energy is not the problem. His temperment, on the other hand, is often trying on my patience. Being pregnant with our second child and the wife of an active duty military pilot (who is fighting for us overseas), it gets to be a very long day at home with my son's "spirit". This book helped me to identify better with his personality and help to make his day go more smoothly, and thus, making my day a little better and easier as well. I found great tips on how to work with his temperment as to not take away his spirit and to give him more choices to help him be more independent and confident.
I think the book offers sensible advice and good techniques. There is always a lot of controversy about this versus attachement parenting. Tracy Hogg doesn't suggest you don't hug and cuddle your baby, as the review above mine suggests, she merely suggests you work with your toddler on their behavior and hugs and cuddles aren't always the answer. I can see with a young baby this book may not be a good choice, but with an active toddler who is learning how to get what he wants and manipulate, come mild discipline is needed to stay sane and remind your child that you are still the parent.
I owe a lot of my new-found sanity to this book.
Most Helpful First | Newest First
Secrets of the Baby Whisperer for Toddlers by Melinda Blau (Paperback - Feb. 4 2003)
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University Home > Human Resources Home > Medical Benefits > Medical Benefits-2014
Saint Louis University offers employees two medical plan options, a Qualified High Deductible Health Plan (QHDHP) and a PPO Plan. United Healthcare (UHC) is the exclusive third-party administrator of medical plan benefits for Saint Louis University employees.
Contact UHC: Phone 866-633-2474 or website at https://www.myuhc.com. (You will need to register on the website using your member ID or Social Security Number to create a log-in).
Important facts about your medical plan:
As a newfull-time employee, your benefits are effective as of your date of hire.
In order to process your medical enrollment form, please provide the following documents within 31 days of your Benefits effective date or Qualifying Event Date. For your convenience, you may scan and email them to firstname.lastname@example.com or Fax at 314-977-1785.
Medical Plan Details
Medical Plan: Tier Clarification
The Saint Louis University employee medical plan is a three tier network:
Medical Benefit Resources


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Debian Squeeze: KFreeBSD, Dash and Automatic Debug Packages
The Debian project is planning a whole series of enhancements for Debian 5.0 "Squeeze." A few results of the currently running Google Summer of Code are beginning to creep into it.
The next Debian will provide the GNU/kFreeBSD installer as an option for the OS core and will thereby support the first ever non-Linux architecture. The Debian Almquist Shell (dash) will become the standard shell that should, among other things, help with faster bootups. Debian Squeeze will also provide full IPv6 support and time-saving, automatic debug packages. Further goals are to avoid software corpses in the form of outdated libraries and strive for higher package quality by rejecting packages that don't pass the required checks. More of the Squeeze goals are described in Debian's release news.
A few of the new project ideas emerged from this year's Google Summer of Code, where at least nine Squeeze features will be developed or enhanced. One of the selected projects is working on automatic debug packages. Another student and mentor are applying themselves to supporting the kFreeBSD installer.
Squeeze will likely appear in the first half of 2010. Its feature freeze was planned for December, according to a recently revamped Debian release policy. However, protests caused the Debian team to reconsider the policy once again. September is the new target for announcing a new timeline to bring in the next Ice Age.
Issue 175/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.
AMD Posts Code for Linux GPU Driver
New release marks the arrival of AMD's unified driver strategy.
30 Percent of New Server Equipment Goes to Cloud Infrastructure
A new study by IDC charts big changes in the big hardware market.
Windows Might Go Open Source
Azure CTO says Redmond has already considered the unthinkable.
Linux Mint Will Stay with Ubuntu
Lead developer quells rumors that the Debian version is slated for center stage.
Microsoft Frees Code for .NET Build Engine
MSBuild is now just another GitHub project as Redmond continues its path to the light.
Researchers Demonstrate Hack by Heat
Malware could pass data and commands between disconnected computers without leaving a trace on the network.


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Best Of 2011: Pet Day Care (tie)
Named most pet-friendly city by Forbes magazine in 2007, Colorado Springs boasts numerous pamper-and-play opportunities for pooches. But Camp Bow Wow and Lucky Dog are your favorites for quality day and overnight care. Both provide live-feed video of play areas, multi-dog discounts and pre-paid discount passes. Along with their standard cabins, Camp Bow Wow offers a luxury suite, painted like a cabin, where "campers" can watch movies like Lady and the Tramp and Fox and the Hound while they settle into bed, says Nick Stadlan, manager of the Northpark Drive location. Meanwhile, Lucky Dog offers hydrotherapy and group swim sessions for an additional fee, provided your dog passes their 15-minute water test. — Bree Abel
Best Of 2010: Pet Day Care


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When Eminem was away from the spotlight in recent years, his weight ballooned, the "Slim Shady" rapper told British late night host Jonathan Ross.
"Yeah, I put on quite a few pounds [when I was away]," Em told Jonathan. "I think I probably tipped the scales a little over 200."
Overeating, un-prescribed pill-popping and an overall disregard for his health was the culprit behind his weight gain, said Eminem. Healthy and slim as ever, he revealed that he turned to an age-old practice to shed pounds.
"I was running, I was – there was one point where I was running, like, it was a little too much," he explained. "It was a little extreme. It was a total of 17 miles."
Now, he's calmed down a bit and limits his workouts to once every morning.
Em talked about other stuff with Jonathan during the 11 minute interview. See it below, if you haven't already:
While Eminem's addictive running behavior probably wasn't healthy, pounding the pavement is an excellent way to lose weight fast. If you think you're ready to get started, remember these basics:
What's up, doc? Before you begin any exercise program, consult a doctor. Your physician can tell you if your heart and body are healthy enough to begin such a rigorous sport.
Footwear is everything. "Running is very traumatic," Forrest Dolgener, an exercise physiologist told WebMd. "The mechanics of running creates specific kinds of forces on the body. Running shoes are designed to absorb and minimize those kinds of forces."
To get the right kicks, go to a store that specializes in athletic shoes or, specifically, running shoes for the best fit. RoadRunnerSports.com is a great online destination, if there aren't any stores like that in your neighborhood. http://www.roadrunnersports.com/
Start slow. This tip is especially important if you're a brand-new runner. To ease yourself into it, try a run/walk routine. For example, warm up with a five-minute walk, then alternate between three to five-minute intervals of jogging and walking. Gradually build your endurance until you're able to run the entire time.
Take the "Talk Test." This helps you know when you're overdoing it. You're going at a good pace when you're able to carry on a conversation while running, even if this means running at a slower pace.
–Whitney Teal
Here's more:
Nick Cannon sounds off on Eminem
Mo'Nique loses weight for a 'lifetime'
Body by Beyoncé


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Around Town for June 27
June 27, 2013 Opera House events on tap SHEPHERDSTOWN — The Shepherdstown Opera House has announced the following lineup: ¯ Friday: The Black Lillies; ¯ July 5: The Carper Family; ¯ July 13-14: Cut to the Chase... more »»
Around Town for June 20
June 20, 2013 'Hauntings' event on tap CHARLES TOWN — In celebration of the 150th birthday of West Virginia, Harpers Ferry and Charles Town will present, "Come for the History; stay for the Hauntings" this weekend. more »»
Around Town for June 13
June 13, 2013 Toothbrush giveaway slated MARTINSBURG — Miss Berkeley County's Outstanding Teen, Megan Scarano, will be raising awareness of the importance of dental care by promoting her platform, "Healthy Smile... more »»
Around Town for June 6
June 6, 2013 Photo show at library all month MARTINSBURG — Sterling "Rip" Smith is the featured artist at the Martinsburg Public Library for the month of June. more »»
Around Town for May 30
May 30, 2013 Dance festival to take place SHEPHERDSTOWN — Goose Route Arts Collaborative will host the first ever "SOS — Shepherdstown On Site Dance Festival" Friday through Sunday throughout Shepherdstow. more »»
Around Town for May 23
May 23, 2013 Shepherd alums to celebrate SHEPHERDSTOWN — Shepherd University will sponsor an alumni celebration June 15 at Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races. Cocktails will be served at 5 p.m. more »»
Around Town for May 16
May 16, 2013 'Taste' event set for today HAGERSTOWN, Md. — "A Taste of the Arts" will be held from 5 to 8 p.m. today in downtown Hagerstown. more »»
Around Town
May 9, 2013 Car show to be held in Winchester WINCHESTER, Va. — An antique car show and flea market will be held Saturday at Jim Barnett Park. Show will feature more than 200 antique cars. more »»
Around Town
May 2, 2013 Civil War lecture series continues HAGERSTOWN, Md. — Daniel Toomey will be the ninth featured speaker in the yearlong Civil War Lecture Series today at the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. more »»
Around Town
April 25, 2013 Opera House to host events SHEPHERDSTOWN — The Shepherdstown Opera House has announced the following lineup: ¯ Friday: Ernie Bradley and Grassy Ridge; ¯ Sunday: RUNA — Contemporary Celtic Music; ¯... more »»
Around Town
April 18, 2013 Opera House to host events SHEPHERDSTOWN — The Shepherdstown Opera House has announced the following lineup: ¯ Today: Matt Costa with The Blank Tapes and Vandaveer; ¯ April 26: Ernie Bradley and... more »»
Around Town
April 4, 2013 Cemetery tour set for April 27 MARTINSBURG — The Berkeley County Historical Society will conduct a tour from 10 a.m. to noon Saturday, April 27, at the Green Hill Cemetery. more »»
Around Town
March 28, 2013 Trivia Tuesday set in six locations MARTINSBURG — Trivia Tuesday offers trivia games at six locations in West Virginia and Maryland. more »»
Around Town
March 21, 2013 Charles Town Ghost Tours set CHARLES TOWN — Charles Town Ghost Tours is pleased to announce its spring schedule for 2013. Saturday will be opening night and open to the public. more »»
Around Town
March 14, 2013 Student artwork on display MARTINSBURG — A selection of student artwork from the Berkeley Arts Council January-February art classes is on display at the Martinsburg Berkeley County Library. more »»
Around Town
March 7, 2013 Riddell featured at the Enter Gallery SHEPHERDSTOWN — The Enter Gallery, 129 East German St., will host an exhibit featuring the primitive abstract expressionist, Wildi Riddell, through March 14. more »»
Around Town
February 28, 2013 Spring dinner and dance slated INWOOD — The Bunker Hill Lion's Club will hold its annual spring dinner, dance and silent auction at 6 p.m. March 24 at Heritage Hall. Music will be by D.J. more »»
Around Town
February 21, 2013 Trivia Tuesdays offered locally MARTINSBURG — Trivia Tuesday, now in its 5th year, offers trivia games at five locations in West Virginia and Maryland. more »»
Around Town
February 14, 2013 Signing set for Civil War books SHEPHERDSTOWN — The Shepherdstown Battlefield Preservation Association Inc. and the Save Historic Antietam Foundation Inc. more »»
Around Town
February 7, 2013 Children's art exhibit set at library SUMMIT POINT — The South Jefferson Public Library at 49 Church St. more »»


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Ohio Northern University News
Ohio Northern University presents country artist Katie Armiger
Ohio Northern University's Freed Center for the Performing Arts presents country recording artist Katie Armiger on Saturday, Nov. 2, at 7:30 p.m. Armiger will conduct a free workshop prior to her performance at 2 p.m.From Sugar Land, Texas, Armiger began her career at age 14 after winning a... more
Ohio Northern University presents 'Band-o-Rama'
Ohio Northern University's Freed Center for the Performing Arts presents Band-o-Rama on Sunday, Nov. 3, at 4 p.m.The Ohio Northern University Marching Band offers an exciting performance to celebrate another successful season when they perform selections from their 2013 program "Divalicious."The "... more
Ohio Northern University finishes second at LTU Innovation Encounter competition
The Ohio Northern University Collegiate Entrepreneurs' Organization (CEO) team captured second place at the fourth annual Innovation Encounter competition at Lawrence Technological University in Southfield, Mich., on Oct. 18-19.ONU finished second among seven other schools at the event. In addition... more
Ohio Northern University to present 'Ailey II' dance performance
Ohio Northern University's Freed Center for the Performing Arts will present "Ailey II" on Sunday, Oct. 27, at 5 p.m. A master class will be offered in the Biggs Theatre on Monday, Oct 28, at 10 a.m. to anyone who purchased a ticket. Ailey II is universally renowned for merging the spirit and... more
Ohio Northern presents 'Zombie Prom'
Ohio Northern University's Freed Center for the Performing Arts will present "Zombie Prom" on Oct. 24-27 at 7:30 p.m. and two matinee performances on Oct. 26-27 at 2 p.m.This ghoul rock and roll musical is set in the atomic 1950s at Enrico Fermi High, where the law is laid down by a zany,... more
Ohio Northern University honors outstanding business alumnus
Ohio Northern University's James F. Dicke College of Business Administration honored Phillip D. Caris with an Outstanding Service Award on Saturday, Oct. 18.The award, given annually at Homecoming, honors individuals who have provided sustained and outstanding service to, and whose contributions... more
Community Economic Development Center at Ohio Northern University to present entrepreneur workshop on 'The Value of Good Sales Skills'
The Community Economic Development Center (CEDC) at Ohio Northern University continues its entrepreneurship workshop series in the Dicke Forum on Thursday, Oct. 24. The workshop will be preceded by a networking event at 5:30 p.m. The workshop will follow the networking event and conclude at 7 p.m.... more
Ohio Northern University to celebrate Homecoming
Ohio Northern University will celebrate Homecoming 2013 from Oct. 18-20. All alumni, friends, family, faculty and students are welcome to attend.Homecoming weekend will kick off on Friday with continuing education sessions in the Pettit College of Law at 1 p.m. and the T.J. Smull College of... more
Ohio Northern presents 'Disney in Concert: Magic Music from the Movies'
Ohio Northern University's Freed Center for the Performing Arts will present "Disney in Concert: Magical Music from the Movies" with the Ohio Northern University Symphony on Oct. 19 at 8:30 p.m.Individuals can relive the magic of their favorite Disney movies when celebrated vocalists accompanied... more
Ohio Northern University to present lecture on 'It All Started Here: A Veterinarian's Perspective'
The Ohio Northern University Getty College of Arts & Sciences will present a lecture by Peter Haase, titled "It All Started Here. A Veterinarian's Perspective: How My Degree from ONU Made Me a Lifelong Student," in the Dicke Forum on Monday, Oct. 21, at 7:30 p.m.The event is free and open to... more
Ohio Northern University announces "The Ohio Northern Promise" to make an excellent college education more affordable
COLUMBUS, Ohio – Responding to unprecedented challenges to students and parents seeking an affordable, high-quality college education, Ohio Northern University on Thursday announced a new initiative designed to reduce tuition, lower student debt and help students graduate in four years.Called "The... more
Ohio Northern University to conduct SMArts program
Students from five area elementary schools will participate in Ohio Northern University's SMArts (Saturday Morning Art) enrichment program, learning art and more in the Wilson Art Center on Oct. 26, Nov. 2, and Nov. 9 from 9:30 a.m. to noon.Third and fourth grade students from Ada, Bath, Bluffton,... more
Ohio Northern University to present 'The Giver'
Ohio Northern University's Freed Center for the Performing Arts will present a Literature to Life performance of the "The Giver" by Lois Lowery on Friday, Oct. 11, at 7:30 p.m.Newly adapted by Elise Thoron, associate artistic director, this piece features 60 minutes of solo performance by actress... more
Ohio Northern University's Pettit College of Law to host a CLE on 'Ethics, Professionalism and Substance Abuse'
The Ohio Northern University Pettit College of Law will host a CLE on "Ethics, Professionalism and Substance Abuse" in the large moot courtroom on Friday, Oct. 18, at 1 p.m. The CLE will include three lectures from top professionals tackling different viewpoints on the topic.Dr. Manoranjan D'Souza... more
Ohio Northern University to induct four into Athletic Hall of Fame
Four members of the Ohio Northern University athletic family will be inducted into the University's Athletic Hall of Fame on Friday, Oct. 18, as part of ONU's Homecoming weekend.They will be inducted that Friday during a banquet in Ohio Northern's McIntosh Center and introduced Saturday, Oct. 19,... more
Ohio Northern University's Keiser Distinguished Lectureship in Life Sciences to discuss 'Battling Hidden Hunger'
Ohio Northern University will host a lecture titled "Battling Hidden Hunger" by Dr. Sharon A. Norton, director of development for the Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, in the Freed Center for the Performing Arts on Tuesday, Oct. 8, at 7:30 p.m. This lecture is free and open... more
Ohio Northern University's College of Law to present the 2013 Carhart Program on Legal Ethics
Ohio Northern University's Pettit College of Law will present the 2013 Carhart Program on Legal Ethics on Monday, Oct. 7, at 11:15 a.m. in the Celebrezze Moot Court Room. The program will feature Madhavi Sunder's presentation "From Goods to a Good Life: Intellectual Property Law Beyond Efficiency"... more
Ohio Northern University's Cultural Conversation hour to focus on 'Self-Defense, Stand Your Ground and the Trayvon Martin Tragedy'
"Shoot First, Ask Questions Later: Self-Defense, Stand Your Ground, and the Trayvon Martin Tragedy," will be the title of the discussion during the Ohio Northern University Cultural Conversation hour in the Celebrezze Court Room on Tuesday, Oct. 8, at 11 a.m.The event, free and open to the public,... more
Ohio Northern University to observe Constitution Day with showing of Fourth Amendment documentary
Ohio Northern University will observe Constitution Day with a showing of "Search and Seizure: Mapp vs. Ohio," a short documentary from The Constitution Project, in the Dicke Forum on Monday, Sept. 30, at 2 p.m. The event is free and open to the public.This documentary explores the Fourth Amendment... more
Ohio Northern University to present Kremlin Chamber Orchestra
Ohio Northern University's Department of Music presents the Kremlin Chamber Orchestra on Thursday, Oct. 10, at 8 p.m. The concert will take place in the Snyder Recital Hall in Presser Hall and is free and open to the public.Founded in 1991, the orchestra, comprised of some of Russia's finest young... more


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Into the Blueby Robert Goddard
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Chapter One
If she should return now, of course, or even five minutes from now, it would still be all right. The thought that he might never see her again could then be dismissed as a delusion, an absurd over-reaction to an excess of solitude and silence. And from the notion that, at any second, she would return, calling to him as she came down the track, part of his mind could not be dislodged: the orderly, housetrained, rational part. It was only in the chaotic realm of instinct and sensation that a contrary suspicion had taken root, only, as it were, in the part of himself that he did not care to acknowledge.
Besides, Harry had every justification for blaming his anxious state on the position in which he found himself. To spend three-quarters of an hour sitting on a fallen tree trunk halfway up a pine-forested mountainside, whilst the warm glow of the afternoon sun faded towards a dusky chill and silence--absolute, windless, pitiless silence--quarried at the nerves, was enough to test anyone's self-control. He wished now that he had gone with her to the summit, or stayed in the car and listened to the radio. Either way, he really should have known better than to wait where he was.
He stubbed out the fourth cigarette of his vigil and took a deep breath. It was growing cold now in the shadow of the mountain, yet the coastal plain below was still bathed in warm, golden sunlight. Only here, on the thickly conifered slope, or out there, invisible but palpable in the clear, frozen air, could the waning of the day no longer be ignored.
Why had she not returned? She could scarcely be lost, not with the guidebook and a compass. After all, she had been to Profitis Ilias before, which Harry never had. Nor, if the truth be told, did he ever want to again. Two hours ago, he had been basking in the sun at a terrace table of a psarotaverna just down the coast, lighting the first cigarette in this packet at the leisurely conclusion of a relishable meal and wondering how jealous the waiter might be of an overweight, middle-aged Englishman for finding such an attractive girl to lunch with him. Now even visualizing the scene was difficult, for Profitis Ilias possessed the power to consign every memory and perception beyond its own domain to half-forgotten remoteness. And Profitis Ilias had been Heather's choice.
We could drive up there in half an hour from here, she had said. It's a fantastic place. Deserted, crumbling old villas left over from the Italian occupation. And stupendous views. You must see it.
Harry had felt no such obligation, preferring the decor of a dozen bars he could think of, suitably refracted by a well-filled glass, to any vista of nature, however supposedly breathtaking. Nevertheless, he had raised no objection.
And so they had come, driving up the winding road through the village of Salakos towards the wooded mountaintop, climbing slowly but relentlessly till all other traffic was left behind and only the limitless ranks of pine and fir stood witness to their progress. At first Harry had detected nothing amiss in their growing isolation. It was not until they had reached the hotel that the road served and found it, as expected, closed for the winter, that the character of Profitis Ilias had made itself known.
Silence, he rather thought, was the bedrock of its mood. Silence that had waited for them to cli
When a young woman who has befriended him disappears, Harry Barnett, the down-and-out caretaker of a villa on the island of Rhodes and a prime suspect in her disappearance, follows a sparse trail to England in search of her and into the heart of a dangerous mystery. Reprint. 22,500 first printing.
Harry Barnett lives the life of an Englishman on permanent vacation in Greece, house-sitting for a powerful friend and hiding from a past disgrace. That is, until a guest at the villa disappears on a walking tour, and Harry is the number one suspect. While a Greek detective tries to trap him, and the British tabloids pillory him at home, Harry's conscience is his worst enemy of all. What happened to young, beautiful Heather Mallender? Who took her—and why didn't Harry realize that something was amiss?
Suddenly, a man steeped in failure has found a purpose, retracing the strange, twisting route that led to Heather's vanishing. But the more he learns, the less he knows. Until Harry finds himself at the heart of a dangerous puzzle whose pieces are scattered everywhere: in the realm of British politics, in the beds of adulterous lovers, in the past, the present, and most of all, amid the secrets of a killer....
From the Trade Paperback edition.
About the Author
Robert Goddard's first novel Past Caring was an instant bestseller. Since then his books have captivated readers worldwide with their edge-of-the-seat pace and labyrinthine plots.
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When Baltimore Police Commissioner Anthony Batts appeared at a recent town hall, a woman stood to ask about police brutality, a touchy topic for both residents and officers. She said she worried for her young nephew, who was frequently stopped by police.
Batts' 10-minute answer ranged from the personal to the practical. He talked about his upbringing in South Central Los Angeles, drawing laughs about the fried bologna sandwiches his family ate to survive. He explained why people must sit cross-legged on curbs for officer safety, but understood police interactions can be demeaning for those detained.
"I can relate, because that's where I come from," Batts told the crowd of about 100 in a conference room at Good Samaritan Hospital. "But not all of my officers come from our communities, so we're trying to give them the tools ... so they can be more empathetic."
The moment is one of many Batts has used to connect with his audience and craft a reputation of a commissioner who is focused on Baltimore's communities. He and Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake have held eight public safety forums as they make the rounds of police districts this year, an initiative announced after 2014 began with an ominous 27 murders in 31 days.
The top cop also has forged a hands-on image through a series of incidents in which he got personally involved, from punching a suspect who refused to drop a gun during an arrest to pulling a mother and her teenage son from an overturned car he happened to drive by. The department promoted both incidents on Twitter.
Baltimore's perception of Batts is critical for a man whose performance is questioned whenever the murder rate spikes, and whose tenure may depend on the political winds. As the face of the department, his image takes on added significance in a city like Baltimore, where resident distrust is often cited as a reason witnesses to crimes refuse to cooperate.
Batts, 53, came to Baltimore with an ambitious reform agenda and recently said only 40 percent of the plan has been implemented. He also must hold the line on the much-watched murder rate. Homicides are down more than 16 percent this year, along with all violent crime, after jumping in 2013 to the highest level in four years.
"It was very important for me to find someone who cared about the community and would connect with the community. He has both of those qualities," Rawlings-Blake said. "A lot of people are skeptical of outsiders, and he understands he has to put in the work to develop these relationships."
Some say Batts still has work to do in community relations. Brian Hayden, a 43-year-old resident of Fells Prospect, said he comes off like a politician.
"I'm rooting for him; I want him to do a good job. But he seems to be saying too much of the right things," Hayden said. "When it gets down to the nitty-gritty, it almost seems like he's just talking over people. It's hard to translate it to the ground."
Maurice Scott, 64, of Rosemont found Batts to be sincere after seeing him at a town hall in Southeast Baltimore, but still questioned whether his West Coast philosophy would work here.
"I was asking him about getting drug dealers off the block, and he was talking about trying to get community involvement," Scott said. "In my community, if you come around there with the police, you are targeted. … It's not our job to lock up the bad guys."
Matt Jablow, a former chief spokesman for three Baltimore police commissioners, said their appearances in the community help provide a window into the behind-the-scenes police work, while ensuring sure they stay connected with the issues on the street.
"It's got to be a prolonged effort," Jablow said. "It's fine when things are good to have people pulling for you, but it's even more important if things go south. People know when a commissioner is showing up for a PR opportunity."
Batts declined to comment for this article.
In Long Beach, Calif., where Batts spent most of his career, and Oakland, where he left after two tumultuous years, Batts developed a reputation as a charismatic, reform-minded leader. But in Oakland, that reputation took a hit — the San Francisco Chronicle once reported that among officers he was regarded as a "showboat," "overrated," and "in it just for himself." He also failed to advance his agenda with City Hall.
During his first year in Baltimore, Batts faced questions about his crime strategy and a decision to hire consultants to revamp the agency. Attrition spiked, and the agency dealt with a series of high-profile controversies, such as in-custody deaths and a rogue training exercise during which a recruit was shot in the head.
But this year, Batts' detractors have quieted.
City Council President Bernard C. "Jack" Young, who has been critical of Batts, now says the commissioner is "on the right track" and "growing into this job." The city police union's president, Robert F. Cherry, said that while he disagrees with some of Batts' policies, "he's on the street, he's listening to these community members, and he's also listening to the officers."
Even a relative of Tyrone West, whose family holds regular protests to call attention to West's death in the custody of police officers last year, gave Batts high marks for his willingness to talk to them even while continuing to criticize the agency's handling of the case and naming him as a defendant in the family's lawsuit over the case.


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The two-day brainstorming session of the Telangana Rashtra Samiti ended here on Thursday with its president K. Chandrasekhar Rao making two politically loaded statements of Telangana being a reality only after 2014 general elections and asserting that his party will not have any truck with the Congress in future.
Indicating that he was unsure of formation of separate State in the near future Mr. Rao said: "Now, the situation is ripe for TRS to emerge as a strong force in Telangana region by winning at least 100 Assembly seats and 15 Lok Sabha seats. No force can stop the formation of Telangana state after the coming general elections. It is not KCR, but the people of Telangana who will dictate terms to the Centre then, as we already have the support of 32 political parties."
Conceding that the Congress has yet again betrayed on the separate State issue, Mr. Rao thundered: "There will be no more deadlines, only death-line for the Congress."
Briefing media persons over the deliberations, he took pains to explain in detail how the party was first engaged in consultations by the Congress leadership in Delhi and then deceived.
After the general strike, when he met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in Delhi, he was asked to remain patient as a solution would be found soon.
Then he met senior Congress leaders who came up with a list of conditions that included merger of his party with Congress.
"After consulting our party leaders, we conveyed to them that we are prepared for the merger if Telangana is formed with Hyderabad as the capital. But, the Congress remained adamant and betrayed the people of Telangana. We will convey this to the people in every village and will not have any alliance with that party," he added. Accusing the Congress, TDP and YSR Congress of obstructing the formation of Telangana, he called upon the people to teach a fitting lesson to them. He criticised the TDP president N. Chandrababu Naidu for failing to clarify his stand on Telangana and not uttering the slogan of "Jai Telangana" at least in the region.
He said that the differences with TJAC were minor in nature.


text: The Bunny Visa Gift Card is a wonderful choice when you want to bring your cuteness ?A game.? After all, what on Earth could be cuter than a white and brown bunny sitting inside a pink cap? The answer is of course, ?nothing? and we?re sure your gift card recipient will agree. Terms and Conditions


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native americans
Congressman's Native American Remark Causes Outcry
Rep. Paul Gosar's (R-AZ) reference to American Indians as "wards of the federal government" struck a harsh chord with tribal members.
City Attorney: Minneapolis Can't Ban Redskins Name
The Minneapolis City Attorney's office says the city can't ban the Redskins name when Washington plays the Vikings at the University of Minnesota next month.
Columbus Day Creates Controversy for Some American Cities
Columbus Day has been a federal holiday since 1937, but some cities are choosing not to honor the famous explorer that sailed the ocean blue.
Protesters of Redskins Name Rally in Glendale
Demonstrators opposed to the Washington Redskins name are holding a rally before the team's scheduled game against the Arizona Cardinals.
Native Americans Seek Dismissal of Redskins' Suit
Five Native Americans who successfully challenged the trademark for the Washington Redskins' name are asking a federal judge to dismiss the team's lawsuit over the decision.
Group Asks Broadcasters to Stop Saying 'Redskins' on Public Airwaves
A group campaigning for the Washington Redskins to change their name is sending a letter to broadcasters requesting that the name not be uttered on the public airwaves.
Keidel: Hail On The Redskins
Uncle Sam dipped his beak in the NFL waters this week, making a statement about football's most controversial franchise
Native Americans Seek International Support Charging US With Human Rights Violations
A Native American group is asking the international community to charge the United States with human rights violations in hopes of getting help with a land claim.
Pelosi: NFL Shouldn't Keep Redskins Registered Trademark
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi believes the NFL shouldn't keep the registered trademark for the Washington Redskins.
Senate President: Leave Name Change Up to Redskins
Maryland's Senate president says the state government shouldn't push the Washington Redskins to change their name.


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next gen kepler to support dx 11.1, also take a year to rollout all cards
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Ephesians 2:8
Join Date: Feb 2012
Location: Gastonia, NC
Posts: 44
Re: next gen kepler to support dx 11.1, also take a year to rollout all cards
Originally Posted by
Xion X2
They need to stack, at minimum, 2.5GB on the card. 2GB just isn't enough for a card you want to keep a few years. Skyrim with mods and BF3 already push close to that. And if you game on multiple monitors you're in trouble.
Yep and I can vouch for that because with BF3 im at 1490mb's at 1920X1080 Ultra settings with 4XMSAA and Skyrim with Mods I have seen just over 1500mb's so as it is im right on the edge with those games, lol.
Think I will hold out as long as I can though, I usually like the refresh cards the most anyway and ATI from what I have heard will have a refresh this summer with 8000 series cards and Kepler would likely be working on one as well so for me its going to be one of those 2 choices.
Ephesians 2:8
For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God.
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Visit Washington County AR Inmate Detention Center Search
Updated as new detainees are booked. this site lists inmates alphabetically and includes their date of intake, race, sex, age, and includes a link to a color photograph with additional information about their bond amount, charges and the court they are scheduled to appear at.
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FMLY Fest assembles dozens of musicians for DIY weekend
By Emily Eveland
Hollow Boys embrace the dark on third album
By Sarah Stanley-Ayre
10 Thousand Sounds 2014: Behind the bands
By CP Staff
Black Market Brass delivers hip-shaking funk rhythms
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For the Love brings hip-hop festivities to Lowertown
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Kitty Cat Klub hosts Tourniquet Noise series
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Max Gremillion steps into the spotlight
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The world of Howler's sophomore album
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Mel Gibson & the Pants
Sea vs. Shining Sea
Totally Gross National Product
Man, iTunes' "genre" tag is gonna hate you for this one. Even a half-ass listen to Sea vs. Shining Sea, Mel Gibson & the Pants' third (or fourth) album, will reveal a lot of intricate stylistic absorption: electronic clamors that range from Kompakt glitch-drone to nic-fit Stereolab, stadium-rock/b-boy low-end that covers towering grain elevators with (physical) graffiti, and that specific kind of post-Interpol newer-wave indie guitar that 99 percent of your typical buzz bands aim for and 2 percent (MG+TP guitarist Riley Hartnet included) actually give resonance.
It reads like a mess, but it's not self-conscious pile-up genre-hopping for its own sake. Get to the point where you're listening with your entire ass and it'll turn out that Sea vs. Shining Sea is its own stylistic entity, albeit one that fits in well with the Twin Cities' punk-electro-etcetera-rap scene. Kill the Vultures' Crescent Moon and Doomtree members Sims, Mictlan, and Dessa all sound at home in their guest spots, from the art-punk "Dead Baby Joke" to the indie-crunk "Stress Fracture" (chorus: "Crush, kill, destroy, stress"). By the time you get to "Spurs of Steel" (which sounds like Booker T. & the M.G.'s version of "Hang 'Em High" getting into a shouting match with Big Black) it seems less like a country-feel gimmick than an appropriate sidestep. Some of the vocals sound a bit like sloganeering, but the thing about slogans is that they're direct and evocative and fun to shout along with; J.R. Sanders elicits comparison to André 3000 at points (especially the tense MPLiens funk of "That Ain't a Knife") but his direct intentions work well with a band that doesn't concede anything: "So much to burn," he spits on "Don't Believe the Hype Man," "so little time."
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