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PITTSBURGH -- Despite his post-game bravado, Hanley Ramirez is not in the Dodgers' lineup for the series opener against the Pittsburgh Pirates tonight -- and neither is Yasiel Puig.
Both players were hit by a pitches during the Dodgers' weekend series in St. Louis. Puig was hit in the left hand by Joe Kelly on Saturday and has not played since. Dodgers manager Don Mattingly said Puig will go through the pre-game workout and could possibly be available as a pinch-hitter tonight.
Ramirez, meanwhile, was hit in the left shoulder by Carlos Martinez and left hand by Trevor Rosenthal during Sunday's game.
Fluoroscans of both players' hands in St. Louis showed no fractures but they are expected to undergo a second X-ray exam at some point today, said Mattingly who does not expect either player to be sidelined for long.
Last night's coverage:
Tonight's lineups:
2B Dee Gordon
SS Justin Turner
1B Adrian Gonzalez
RF Matt Kemp
CF Andre Ethier
LF Carl Crawford
3B Juan Uribe
C A.J. Ellis


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NLGJA today announced a call for entries for the Aarons and Longcope scholarships to honor and advance fair and accurate coverage of the LBGT community.
Communications and Marketing Internship
Founded in 1990, National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA) is an organization of journalists, media professionals, educators and students working from within the news industry to foster fair and accurate coverage of LGBT issues. NLGJA has been a beacon for LGBT journalists through its education, networking and training programs – most especially its national convention, the largest gathering of its kind. NLGJA opposes all forms of workplace bias and provides professional development to its members.
NLGJA Will Honor Cyd Zeigler, Co-Founder of OutSports.com, June 25 at L.A. Exclusive
NLGJA will present the 2015 Lisa Ben Award for Achievem […]
Administrative Assistant
The National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association […]
Save the Date for L.A. Exclusive
Save the date for an evening of cocktails and conversation that boosts the work of the National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association.
6:30 – 9:30 pm – Thursday, June 25, 2015
Bob Ross Scholarship
Open Letter: Oral Arguments and Same-Sex Marriage
The U.S. Supreme Court will hear oral arguments April, 28 on whether a state may refuse to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples or to recognize same-sex marriages from other jurisdictions.
Missed the Awards Deadline? You Don't Have to Miss Out
If you weren't able to meet the awards submission deadline, there's still time. Entries for the 2015 Excellence in Journalism Awards and The Al Neuharth Innovation in Investigative Journalism Award will be accepted until 11:59pm PDT Friday, May 1.
Open Letter: Covering Bruce Jenner
Here are a few tips, as well as some information from our stylebook on how to handle things such as pronouns and terminology.
Special Thanks for the 20th Annual Headlines & Headliners
Last Thursday night's New York benefit event, Headlines & Headliners, was a special night with the 20th anniversary of the event and so much more. Headlines & Headliners 2015 drew a crowd who support NLGJA's mission to the Prince George Ballroom and we'd like to thank the many members and friends of NLGJA who attended and boosted our programs and scholarships.
Reflections on The Indianapolis Star
The day I walked into The Indianapolis Star 12 summers ago to begin an internship on the copy desk, I had no idea whether the newsroom was a welcome place for openly gay journalists.
Ken Miguel
Vice President of Broadcast 2015-2017 Ken is a Segment […]

subset: commoncrawl


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More stories on: World of Tanks
World of Tanks Update 9.4 launches with fixed Team Battles
Wargaming have just launched World of Tanks update 9.4, bringing with it updates to Strongholds and new Team Battles.
World of Tanks to add a World Cup style football mode
From 12 June to 13 July, World of Tanks will introduce a special "football championship" mode.
World of Tanks update 9.0 rolls onto the battlefield
World of Tanks update 9.0 has rolled out, bringing with it a number of oh-so-pretty visual upgrades as well as Historical Battles.
World of Tanks developers share details of new features coming in 2014
Wargaming are back with a new devlopment update video which looks at features coming to their popular free to play tank title World of Tanks.
World of Tanks 8.11 update live with new Confrontation mode
World of Tanks has expanded today with a new game mode called Confrontation in the 8.11 update.
World of Tanks 8.11 brings a new mode and maps
Wargaming improves and adds to their tank title with every patch released and World of Tanks 8.11 is set to shake things up with a new mode.
Twitch streamer caught up in DDoS attack on DOTA 2, BattleNet, WoT and EA services
It's all the rage this week, DDoS attacks on game services.
World of Tanks Update 8.8 releases tomorrow
Wargaming continue to roll out updates for World of Tanks and update 8.8 will release tomorrow, 11 September.
Gratuitous Panzer shots: World of Tanks meets anime in Japan
To coincide with World of Tanks' upcoming September release in Japan, what else would Wargaming.net do but plan a collaboration with an anime series?
Rolling on: World of Tanks 8.7 patch goes live
Psst. Hey, mate. D'you like tanks? Eh? Just got a new shipment in.
World of Tanks 8.7 lands on test servers
Assuming you have a World of Tanks account registered bef0re 20 June, you can start testing the 8.7 update today for the tank rumbler in Europe.
World of Tanks 8.6 releases today – 19 June
Wargaming's World of Tanks will be receiving an update today which takes the online tank-a-thon to version 8.6 and brings more vehicles, a new map and other game engine improvements.
Wargaming details World of Tanks 8.6 update
Wargaming are getting ready to roll out their next update for World of Tanks which will take the game to version 8.6.
World of Tanks 8.5 rolls out with non-paying premium features
Wargaming has finally released the 8.5 update for World of Tanks today bringing new armour and premium feature options for non-paying players.
World of Tanks accounts compromised – Get free gold
Wargaming are the latest company to have accounts snagged by hackers and they are advising World of Tanks players to make sure they change their passwords.
Wargaming detail World of Tanks 8.5 update
The 8.5 update for Wargaming's World of Tanks will be with us soon and players can expect additions to the German and Russian tech trees.
World of Tanks 8.4 released
The World of Tanks v8.4 update has now rolled out on European servers bringing more British tanks to the fray.
British Steel: World of Tanks 8.4 introduces more UK tank busters
More British (and a few Soviet) options are coming your way in the latest 8.4 update for World of Tanks.


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Photo by Sean Talkington
I love photos like this from bike rides and I can't wait to see that kit go into production. Thanks for making me miss Los Angeles and the Mountain Otter even more, Sean!
Photo by Sean Talkington
I love photos like this from bike rides and I can't wait to see that kit go into production. Thanks for making me miss Los Angeles and the Mountain Otter even more, Sean!
Manual for Speed is unmatched when it comes to documenting behind the scenes randomness within professional cycling. Their latest in the American Criteriums series is on Housing. Head to MFS for more!
Photography By Dan Wilton
Oh man, this… Death Spray is at it again!
I'm gonna have to try that pizza hand up…
I poached this off the Fairdale blog and had to share!
I don't usually gloat about birthdays, but I felt like this year is a special one. 33c tires are a coincidental size but it was worth making a note. Today I'm 33 years young and I look forward to moving up in tire size each year…
Leaving your nest ain't easy, especially when your home town has been good to you. Hanson Little used to be a pro BMX rider – on paper – he still rips and takes trips from time to time, but his days of going big are limited by past injuries and the desire to keep on the bike, not healing off it.
Recently, Hanson bought a van and sold all of his belongings, save for a few bicycles. He plans on spending a great deal of time on the road over the next few months, but before he left town, I met up with him and shot some photos of his new mobile digs.
This weekend, I sent over some interview questions, which he promptly replied to… check them out below in a special Ride Along!
My mom posted this photo on my FB wall this morning along with some sappy message about how I brought skateboarding, BMX and other things to their attention at a young age. Those are my younger brothers. As parents, I terrified them not by being a cut up in school, but by building kicker ramps and dirt jumps in the woods with my friends.
They worried, tried to dissuade me from skating and riding, even though I never broke a bone. Instead, they encouraged soccer… I kept skating until I was 23, when I got serious about riding bikes again. We were broke as shit growing up, but I made things happen – no that's not a Bones Brigade deck, but it's what we could afford – hell I think we bought it at a yard sale but I loved that damn skateboard.
Run what you brung.
It's that time of month again. I've got all kinds of Randomness left over from a Recent Roll. Actually, a few Recent Rolls. There's some LA, Pasadena, Austin, Moab and Fruita photos in here, all noted in the photo's captions. Got a favorite? Point it out. Open up some commentary…
Tools of the trade:
Mamiya 7ii / 80mm
Portra 400 / Ilford HP5
They always come at inopportune times. Say you're putting your phone back in your pocket, or eating a snack, not paying attention. Maybe they're waiting for you at the top of a climb, or, even worse, at the bottom of a descent. Roadside dogs aren't exactly what I like to have accompanying me on rides. Especially big ones.
We've all got our tricks. A water bottle squirt, or yelling "GO HOME!" – this one works quite well – unless you're in a foreign country.
This guy however had one thing on his mind: wheels. He didn't let up until he was good and tired…


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The video shows the bike on the center stand, wheel spinning in first gear. It is normal for the trans to make allot of noise under this condition, but not on the road with a steady smooth load. When the bike is in neutral , it really isn't to noticeable. Put the bike in any gear and apply a load from slight to full out ,and it is a horrible , unmistakable cyclic grinding . Sounds like choo choo choo choo.... Speeds up with road speed. Pull in the clutch and it all but disappears.
Completely convinced that it is a trans shaft bearing. I hope I can find evidence when I open the trans. It started while riding this weekend. By the time I was sure I was hearing something wrong and pulled out the earplugs to confirm, I was 75 miles from home. Rode it back with no issues except the grinding. Pulled the black magnetic drain plug on the bottom of the trans to find it filled with fine metallic fuzz, but nothing any bigger. I never pulled the magnetic drain plug before and I wished I had. So if you have a 1150 , do yourself a favor and clean it off next service. I think the bearings in the trans are sealed (?) which means any grindings should stay in the bearing. The leak at the clutch housing has been there for 15,000 miles. Figured it to be a rear main because I could not detect any gear oil smell. Will find out for sure tonight


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Image: aaa/Moment open/Getty images
Lovingly referred to as the "Yorkie," the Yorkshire Terrier is the ultimate cutie in small breeds. Not only are they tiny, some are even "teacup!" Adorable for dress-up or play, the Yorkshire Terrier is a small breed with a big personality and perfect as a companion on the go.
Image: Rook76/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Another breed that makes an excellent companion, the Papillon is a loyal and loving friend. Great with kids and families, this pint-sized pup makes an excellent watchdog. Calm but alert, he is extremely protective of his master.
Image: Sergey Ryumin/Moment open/Getty images
Not only is the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel adorable, he loves to cuddle, too! A member of the toy group, this pup is gentle and extremely caring of his family. One of the most popular in small breeds, he's a dog worthy of all of your love.
Image: Okssi68/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Some may think that the Brussels Griffon isn't the most attractive dog on the planet, but he sure is cute. A bit awkward-looking, Brussels Griffons are smart, adaptable and cat-friendly. Not great with kids, he'll make a single owner a very happy one.
Image: blueumbrellastudios/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Just like the natives of the city he was named after, the Boston Terrier is one loyal breed. He loves people, kids, cats and other dogs alike, and is extremely adaptable. One of the most popular small breeds, the Boston Terrier is one tiny pup that dog-lovers like to have around.
Image: Geri Lavrov/Photodisc/Getty images
The Shih Tzu's cuteness matches her vibrant and spunky personality. A breed known for its luxurious coat and adorable appearance, the Shih Tzu needs a lot of grooming to keep her looking good. Another popular breed, this dog makes a great companion for adults and older children.
Image: thomaszobl/iStock/Getty Images Plus
He's cute, he's white, and he's super-fluffy: The Bichon Frise is the epitome of cuteness. A feisty breed, this little guy loves to play with his beloved owner. A super cuddle-bug, the Bichon Frise is also very affectionate and loving toward adults and other-furred friends.
Image: Laures/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Another fluff-ball to love up to, the Pomeranian is a compact puppy of fun. Smart and curious, this is a soft and lively breed. Excellent as a show dog, the Pomeranian is easily trained. Not very good with kids, this dog does amazingly well with cats.
Image: MorePixels/iStock/Getty Images Plus
There's a reason why we see the Scottish Terrier adorning sweaters and holiday gear, because he's super-adorable! With more than just looks, the Scottish Terrier makes a wonderful watchdog. Witty and hypoallergenic, he's another small dog breed best suited for adults and older children.
Image: Jody Trappe Photography/Moment open/Getty images
A designer breed, the Cockapoo is a mix of the English Cocker Spaniel and the Poodle. Small and cute, this breed hits every mark for a great dog. Good with kids and other animals, the Cockapoo is intelligent and adaptable.
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COL BKB: Pittsburgh 80, DePaul 61
February 21, 2009
Sophomore DeJuan Blair had 20 points and 18 rebounds Saturday to carry the fourth-ranked Pittsburgh Panthers to an 80-61 win over DePaul.
Pittsburgh (25-2, 12-2 Big East), which beat top-ranked Connecticut Monday, is expected to move up to No. 1 in the next ranking, after No. 3 North Carolina lost at Maryland Saturday.
Sam Young had 16 points and Tyrell Biggs 13 in Pitt's seventh straight victory.
The DePaul Blue Demons (8-19, 0-14) haven't won since Dec. 28, a span of 14 games. Dar Tucker led DePaul with 18 points, eight rebounds and five assists.
Source: upi


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U.S. Men's National Team
U.S. Heading Back To World Cup After 2-0 Win Over Mexico
The United States clinched its seventh straight World Cup appearance, beating Mexico 2-0 Tuesday night on second-half goals by Eddie Johnson and Landon Donovan before a raucous red-white-and-blue-clad crowd.
Hartnett: Klinsmann Winning Over Doubters, Guiding U.S. Soccer To New Heights
Klinsmann's doubters have been silenced, and the unconventional German coach has the Americans one step closer to Brazil and a giant leap toward finally making good on their promise.
U.S. Men Dominant In 2-0 World Cup Qualifier Win Over Panama
Jozy Altidore scored a goal in his third straight match, Eddie Johnson thrilled his home club fans with a goal in the 53rd minute, and the United States took over first place in its World Cup qualifying group with a 2-0 win over Panama on Tuesday.
U.S. Withstands Onslaught, Escapes Mexico's Azteca Stadium With Draw
Brad Guzan swatted away shot after shot and the Americans hung on for a 0-0 draw with Mexico on Tuesday night, earning only their second point in a World Cup qualifier at Azteca Stadium.


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OM claims Egg Bowl, knocks MSU out of playoff
Ole Miss pulled out all the stops to dash its biggest rival's championship dreams. The 18th-ranked Rebels ripped off their longest run of the season, got a touchdown pass from a running back and shut down Mississippi State's vaunted running game to end the regular-season with a 31-17 victory Saturday, snapping a three-game Southeastern Conference losing streak in front of 62,058 at Vaught-Hemingway Stadium. (November 30, 2014, Page 1B, 3B)
Bye week will 'certainly help' Rebels heal for final stretch
It was tempting, but Ole Miss coach Hugh Freeze knew he couldn't. Senior quarterback Bo Wallace entered Saturday's game against Presbyterian College just 262 yards shy of breaking Eli Manning's school record for total offense. Wallace accumulated 155 total yards in two quarters, but with Ole Miss holding a 35-0 lead at the break, his day was done. At this point of the season, health trumps statistics. (November 11, 2014, Page 6)
COLUMN: Easy win follows script for OM
That was easy enough. Ole Miss showed no signs of a hangover after a pair of heart-stopping losses that could've made it hard for anybody to blame the Rebels if they did come out lethargic against an opponent they were going to beat by however many points they wanted to anyway. (November 9, 2014, Page 1B)
LSU grounds, pounds past Ole Miss
BATON ROUGE, La. — Ole Miss didn't get out of Death Valley alive. The Rebels' offense was bottled up by LSU, a UM defense that's been virtually immovable was pushed around, and No. 3 Ole Miss fell from the ranks of the unbeaten with a 10-7 loss Saturday night in front of 102,321 at Tiger Stadium. (October 26, 2014, Page 1B)
Special teams could once again play a role in Death Valley
The role of Special teams is always vital in a football game. When Ole Miss and LSU get together that role is kick up a notch and more times than not decides the outcome. The now infamous Billy Cannon game-winning punt return in 1959 all the way to Odell Beckham Jr.'s 89-yard punt return in 2012, special teams has defined this rivalry. (October 23, 2014, Page 7A)
Ole Miss defense clamps down on Vols in rout
Ole Miss' offense took a while to get going Saturday night. Not that it mattered a whole lot. The third-ranked Rebels' defense turned in another dominant performance, keeping Ole Miss close until the offense found its footing and suffocating Tennessee from start to finish in a 34-3 victory in front of 62,081 fans at Vaught-Hemingway Stadium. (October 19, 2014, Page 1B)
NOTEBOOK: Wunderlich to handle kicking duties at A&M
The kicking department has been one of instability for No. 3 Ole Miss during the first five games of the season. This week against No. 14 Texas A&M, Ole Miss coach Hugh Freeze will rely on true freshman Gary Wunderlich to bring some stability to special teams inside the hostile environment of Kyle Field Saturday night as he'll kick field goals and extra points for the Rebels. (October 9, 2014, Page 7A)
NOTEBOOK: Rebels' Elston suspended a half against A&M
No. 3 Ole Miss is about to face the most potent passing attack it's seen all season, and the Rebels will have to defend it without one of its starters in the secondary early on. Rebel coach Hugh Freeze has suspended junior safety Trae Elston for the first half of this Saturday's game against No. 14 Texas A&M (8 p.m., ESPN) after Elston attempted to kick Alabama running back Kenyan Drake during the second quarter of last week's 23-17 win over the Crimson Tide (October 7, 2014, Page 6)
NOTEBOOK: Defense answered the bell against Alabama
There were times the Ole Miss defense bent, but it didn't break in the 11th-ranked Rebels' 23-17 upset victory over No. 3 Alabama Saturday inside Vaught-Hemingway Stadium. The Crimson Tide offense did rack up 396 total yards of offense but was held to just 10 points. (October 5, 2014, Page 1B)
NOTEBOOK: Ole Miss being real with Tide's run defense
Ole Miss' running game has shown some signs of life recently. The Rebels broke 200 yards on the ground for the first time three weeks ago against Louisiana-Lafayette and followed that up with 178 yards against Memphis last Saturday. Ole Miss has increased its average run to 4 yards after mustering a measly 2.9 through the first two games, a byproduct of some explosive scampers. The Rebels have ripped off runs of 71, 53, 23 and 22 yards in their last two outings. (September 30, 2014, Page 6)


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The Comedy In Fifty Shades of Grey
By Amy Nicholson
Wild Tales Lays Bare Everyone's Awfulness
By Stephanie Zacharek
Approaching the Elephant Is a Bracing Education Doc
By Calum Marsh
By Stephanie Zacharek
By Inkoo Kang
The Results of Our 2014 Film Critics' Poll
By Voice Film Critics
By Alan Scherstuhl
The Blue Room (La Chambre bleue)
By Alan Scherstuhl
Bobby (Steven Mackintosh), well-off and permanently agitated, has no time for his huffy wife and bratty kids, let alone his newly willful mum; Paula (Cathryn Bradshaw), a single mother and failed writer, is a shrill, baggage-toting embodiment of psychoanalysis gone horribly awry. But May, pragmatically co-opting her kids' me-me-me ethos, is busy being alive for the first time. "Now all I want to do are interesting things, things I love," she announces, shortly before she makes a move on Darren (Daniel Craig), the handyman who's working on a conservatory for Bobby's fancy townhouse and mired in a miserable relationship with needy, ready-to-crack Paula.
Directed by Roger Michell in a crisp deadpan from Hanif Kureishi's barbed screenplay, The Mother incubates its taboo almost-romance with great delicacy, away from the withering forces of stigma and prejudice. (Fittingly, much of the flirtation takes place in a greenhouse.) Surrounded by free-floating selfishness and hostility, May and Darren regard each other with mutual curiosity and compassion, and for a while, at least when they're alone, their coupling seems like the most natural thing in the world. There's wry humor in the slow buildupMay gazing wistfully at Darren, temptingly bent over a workbench in low-slung jeansbut also generosity and empathy. The film handles the awkward stages of this improbable courtship beautifully, without cuteness, coyness, or a desire to shock. Their first kiss, after a liquid lunch and a lazy afternoon stroll, is a lovely moment of pure impulse. When May decides to ask for more, the meek hopefulness of her proposition is devastating: "Would you come to the spare room with me . . . would you?" (In a nice, Kureishi-esque touch, she's contentedly humming "Space Oddity" the morning after.)
The Mother updates Fassbinder's Fear Eats the Soul, which itself revamped Sirk's All That Heaven Allows, but typically for Kureishi, the most dour of humanists, his forbidden lovers are hardly mere victims. May is a more morally ambiguous character than Brigitte Mira's or Jane Wyman's in those earlier movies. Her sweet-old-lady disposition is deceptiveit certainly fools her children. (It's surprisingly easy to forget that this woman is stealing her daughter's boyfriend.) May's viperish potential flickers to the surface in a remarkable scene at Paula's writing group, predictably conducted like a New Age workshop; Paula asks her mother to join in a "sense memory" exercise, and May contributes a casually scalding little piece, which she reads out loud, about walking away from her crying babies 30 years ago. The relish that Kureishi takes in punishing Paula gets wearying, although having her find out about the affair by stumbling upon her mother's crude pencil renderings of fellatiotry dealing with that in therapyis an inspired bit of nastiness.
Even when the film succumbs to a late spasm of unconvincing melodrama, Reid is quietly amazing, at once fearless and vulnerable. "If I sit down, I'll never get up again," May tells Bobby. By turns expansive and astringent, The Mother is a portrait of a woman who, with the dazed courage of someone finally awakened to the world after decades of passivity and repression, keeps on walking.
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Despite New Jersey's long and hard fought battle to legalize sports betting within the Garden State, the United States Supreme Court decided not to hear New Jersey's appeal of the lower, appellate court ruling that stayed the federal ban on sport betting. As a result of the Supreme Court's decision, only Nevada will maintain the authority to offer plenary sports betting to its patrons within the State of Nevada, with Oregon and Delaware having the right to offer limited forms of sports betting.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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Explore the Entrepreneurship.org Resource Center to find resources. Designed with entrepreneurs in mind, our resource center allows you to find materials to grow great ideas.
Medical foundations play a role in helping medicine advance through their philanthropy, but sometimes even the most well-intentioned of them can lose their way. Read more about how these foundations can stay focused on their goals.
Regenerative medicine has come a long way in recent years, leading some venture capitalists to consider investing in it. The roadblock to investing in this field is not a lack of funds, but rather a lack of a clear explanation of regenerative medicine's commercial applications, says one former venture capitalist.
Something extraordinary happened in Kansas City last Thursday. For the second year in a row, some of Kansas City's largest organizations participated in a reverse pitch. KCNext, the host and organizer, brought in a capacity crowd of over 200 entrepreneurs and other Global Entrepreneurship Week event participants. There were 65 events in Kansas City spread across a week and a half. But this event was different. This one was special.
Many would agree that surgeons are qualified to create innovative medical devices that may be superior to what is currently available. But the controversy arises when surgeons begin to profit by purchasing their own products for use in their patients.
Although the compensation structure for venture capital funds may not be ideal, it does not appear to be changing anytime soon. Read more about the pros and cons of the VC pay model.
On Aug. 27, we are welcoming Slava Rubin, the CEO of Indiegogo, one of the most-successful and most-recognized crowdfunding platforms, to the Kauffman Foundation. We expect a full crowd for this event, but we also will be showing his presentation entitled "How to Raise $1Million in 30 Days or Less" on a live stream that can be found here.
The FDA has been sluggish in the approval of innovative medical devices. Read more on how delayed approval could endanger venture funding for medical device startups.
There's no time like the present when it comes to small business loans. Thanks to more financially stable small businesses, healthcare entrepreneurs may have a clearer path to capital.
When one thinks of Mexico City, startup companies would not normally be at the top of anyone's mind. But, I had the chance to spend a few hours with some of the local entrepreneurial organizers there last week and was very impressed with what I saw.
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Fish and Wildlife Service:
Agency Needs to Inform Congress of Future Costs Associated With Land Acquisitions
RCED-00-52: Published: Feb 15, 2000. Publicly Released: Feb 15, 2000.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
(202) 512-3000
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on whether the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) established any refuge with migratory bird funds after Congress denied appropriations from land and water funds for a proposed refuge, focusing on: (1) which funds--land and water funds or migratory bird funds--FWS used to establish and expand refuges during this period; (2) how FWS set priorities for acquiring land with these funds; (3) whether FWS followed these priorities in requesting funding for this period; and (4) FWS' use of the Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund, which provides grants for nonfederal entities to acquire land associated with habitat conservation plans.
GAO noted that: (1) of the 23 refuges FWS established in fiscal years 1994 through 1998, only 8 used federal funds and no migratory bird funds were used; (2) the remaining 15 refuges were established with land that was donated, transferred, or exchanged; FWS had requested but not received land and water funds for 3 of these refuges; (3) FWS subsequently expanded 20 of the 23 refuges, using land and water funds totalling $29 million for 14 refuges, and donations, transfers, or exchanges for the remainder; (4) because FWS is not required to inform Congress when refuges are established without appropriated funds, Congress may not know of these refuges and lacks the information necessary to factor the costs for their subsequent expansion into its decisionmaking about land and water fund appropriations; (5) FWS also expects to incur future operations and maintenance costs for the newly established refuges, which will be covered by appropriated funds, but it is not required to provide Congress with estimates of these future costs at the time it establishes a new refuge; (6) FWS uses different priority-setting processes for acquiring land with the two funds; (7) for land and water funds, it uses an automated system that creates several lists of acquisitions proposed under different statutory purposes and merges these lists into a single national priority list; (8) FWS team members charged with revising the priority system said that the criteria for the system are subjective, result in little differentiation between the projects, and do not reflect the true relative ranking of the listed projects; (9) FWS is developing a revised system for setting priorities for land acquisition to resolve these problems; (10) for migratory bird funds, each of FWS' regional offices sets its own priorities, according to FWS criteria for managing waterfowl habitat and the office's opportunities for purchasing the land within a year of receiving funding; (11) in requesting land and water funds for fiscal years 1994 through 1998, FWS followed its national priority list for about three-quarters of the 106 projects it submitted for funding; (12) it selected projects in sequential order, beginning with the number one priority project; (13) for the migratory bird fund, FWS requested funding for projects it was likely to acquire within that year and had preliminary purchase contracts.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: The Fish and Wildlife Service included the requested information as part of the FY2001 budget submission and plans to continue to provide the information to the Congress in future years.
Recommendation: To facilitate congressional oversight and enhance budget deliberations, the Secretary of the Interior should have the Director, FWS, annually provide legislative and appropriations committees with a list of all approved and proposed refuges and refuge boundary expansions--including those for which Congress declined to provide land and water funding. The list should identify, for each refuge: (1) estimated future requests for land and water funds; and (2) estimated future operations and maintenance costs.
Agency Affected: Department of the Interior
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: FWS finalized the revised system and used it to develop its FY 2003 budget request for land and water funds.
Recommendation: To facilitate congressional oversight and enhance budget deliberations, the Secretary of the Interior should have the Director, FWS, expeditiously implement the revised automated priority-setting system for land and water funds, ensuring that the revisions correct the problems identified in the system and that they meet the needs of FWS and congressional appropriators.
Agency Affected: Department of the Interior
Explore the full database of GAO's Open Recommendations »
May 20, 2015
EPA Science Advisory Panels:Preliminary Observations on the Processes for Providing Scientific AdviceGAO-15-636T: Published: May 20, 2015. Publicly Released: May 20, 2015.
May 11, 2015
Forest Restoration:Adjusting Agencies' Information-Sharing Strategies Could Benefit Landscape-Scale ProjectsGAO-15-398: Published: Apr 9, 2015. Publicly Released: May 11, 2015.
May 7, 2015
Hanford Waste Treatment:DOE Needs to Evaluate Alternatives to Recently Proposed Projects and Address Technical and Management ChallengesGAO-15-354: Published: May 7, 2015. Publicly Released: May 7, 2015.
May 6, 2015
Oil and Gas Resources:Interior's Production Verification Efforts and Royalty Data Have Improved, but Further Actions NeededGAO-15-39: Published: Apr 7, 2015. Publicly Released: May 6, 2015.
Apr 16, 2015
Bureau of Land Management:More Information Needed to Implement the Helium Stewardship Act of 2013GAO-15-394: Published: Apr 16, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 16, 2015.
Mar 23, 2015
Nuclear Waste:DOE Needs to Improve Cost Estimates for Transuranic Waste Projects at Los AlamosGAO-15-182: Published: Feb 18, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Mar 4, 2015
Indian Irrigation Projects:Deferred Maintenance and Financial Sustainability Issues Remain UnresolvedGAO-15-453T: Published: Mar 4, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
Feb 27, 2015
Rural Water Infrastructure:Federal Agencies Provide Funding but Could Increase Coordination to Help CommunitiesGAO-15-450T: Published: Feb 27, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 27, 2015.
Feb 13, 2015
Hazardous Waste:Agencies Should Take Steps to Improve Information on USDA's and Interior's Potentially Contaminated SitesGAO-15-35: Published: Jan 16, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 13, 2015.
Feb 12, 2015
Environmental Satellites:Improvements Needed in NOAA's Mitigation Strategies as It Prepares for Potential Satellite Coverage GapsGAO-15-386T: Published: Feb 12, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 12, 2015.
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text:
John Astin
Guest Star
Phyllis Diller
Guest Star
Host: Welcome art lovers. We offer for your approval a still life, if you will, of noise. A soundless canvas suggestive of sound. The mouth belongs to Pamela, in life a shrieking battleaxe made up of adenoids, tonsils, and sound decibels. In death an unmuted practitioner of fishwifery, undeterred and ungagged by what one would assume to be the great silencer. Some ghosts come back to haunt, others come back simply to pick up where they left off. Our painting is called Pamela's Voice and this is the Night Gallery.
Pamela: Surprised?
Jonathan: At what?
Pamela: At my being here.
Jonathan: Hardly. In life, my dear Pamela, you arrived everywhere uninvited. You and that hyena mating-call voice of yours. Tell me, Pamela, how--how are things up there? Are they--they keeping you occupied keeping you contented. Are there lives, or rather afterlives, that you can destroy with gossip? Are there reputations you can filthy up with your dark little suspicions, that kitchen-knife tongue of yours? That's incredible, it--it never occurred to me, you're probably not even up there, you're more likely... (gestures down)
Pamela: I'm neither, Jonathan. I'm right here. I've never left.
S 3 : Ep 16
Aired 5/27/73
S 3 : Ep 15
Aired 5/20/73 (25:52)
S 3 : Ep 14
Aired 5/13/73 (25:53)
S 3 : Ep 13
Aired 3/4/73 (25:54)
User Score: 1129
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text:
FOUND: P.S. Page Me Later at INTUIT: THE CENTER FOR INTUIT AND OUTSIDER ART
October 3rd – December 27th, 2014
Come and see hundreds of amazing finds in person!
Bring YOUR own finds to share!
Intuit is located at:
756 N. Milwaukee Avenue
Chicago, IL
phone: 312.243.9088
Open to the public Tuesday – Saturday 11-6 pm; Thursday 11-7:30 pm
- – - – - – - -
This fall, FOUND Magazine point guard Davy Rothbart rockets to some of FOUND's capitol cities, from which we receive the most finds. FOUND treasures in tow, he'll fire up the engines and blast from the East Coast to the Midwest and out to the West Coast for FOUND's Re-Ignition Tour "2014!", which celebrates the release of our newest volume: FOUND Magazine: The Early Years.
At each exhilarating show, Davy will share the latest magical and mesmerizing finds that've landed in the mailbox here at FOUND HQ, plus outrageous tales from his book, My Heart is an Idiot, and essays from his work on This American Life. Special guests will appear in certain cities, see full details below. Come on out and join us for these dazzling, fun-filled events!! Please bring your finds to share, and please let your friends in other cities know that we're headed their way!!
See you on the road!
"Davy Rothbart is an utterly engaging performer!"
—The Los Angeles Times
October 13, 2014
New York, NY »
Union Hall, 9 pm, 702 Union Street, 718-638-4400
[With Found Footage Festival. Admission is $10.]
November 7, 2014
Ann Arbor, MI »
Literati Bookstore, 7 pm, 124 East Washington, 734-585-5567
[Admission is free!]
November 7, 2014
Ann Arbor, MI »
Alley Bar, 10 pm – 1 am, 112 W. Liberty St., 734-662-8757
[After-party with book specials & drink specials! Admission is free!]
November 8, 2014
Chicago, IL »
Intuit, 7 pm & 9 pm (TWO SHOWS!), 756 N. Milwaukee Ave., 312-243-9088
[Admission is $5]
November 10, 2014
Grand Rapids, MI »
Calvin College, 8 pm, Ladies' Literary Club, 61 Sheldon Blvd. SE, 616-526-6000
[Admission is free!]
November 11, 2014
Detroit, MI »
Oakland University, 5 pm, Honors College, 208 Oak View Hall, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., 248-370-4419
[Admission is free!]
November 14, 2014
San Francisco, CA »
The Second Act, 7 pm & 9 pm (TWO SHOWS!), 1727 Haight St., 415-668-3994
[7 pm Admission is $8] [9 pm Admission is $8]
November 22, 2014
Los Angeles, CA »
Bootleg Theater, 8:00 pm, 2220 Beverly Blvd., 213-908-5344
[With Special Guests. Admission is $10; comes with free book.]
- – – – – – – -
–Entertainment Weekly
-Time Out New York, NY Daily News
"CLEVERNESS and JOY! EXUBERANTLY executed
MUSICAL TREATS by a cast of ten SPIRITED talents!"
– New York Observer
book by HUNTER BELL & LEE OVERTREE
music and original lyrics by ELI BOLIN
based on the Found books and magazines by DAVY ROTHBART
additional material created in collaboration with STORY PIRATES
directed by LEE OVERTREE
September 18 – November 9, 2014
Linda Gross Theater, 336 W 20th St.
From the Tony-nominated co-creator of [title of show] and the creative team of the nationally renowned Story Pirates, Atlantic Theater Company is proud to present this vibrant new musical.
FOUND was created from scores of surprising and eccentric discarded notes and letters that have been "found" in the real world by every-day people. Inspired by actual events, the show follows Davy who, along with his two best friends, is lost and broke. When he finds a strangely revealing note on his windshield meant for someone else, it sparks an outlandish idea that finds him and his compatriots on a wild, comedic journey. This raucous and insightful new musical tells a story of ambition, betrayal and loyalty while celebrating the weirdness in all of us.
- – - – - – - -


text:
A method and apparatus for determining the surface shape of an object having an index of refraction. A laser light source (12) is incrementally movable in a rectilinear path along a track (10), and pivotal about the track (10), for scanning the surface of the object (14). A plurality of light detector segments (16) are provided on said track (10) for detecting light reflected from the object (14) which is maximally polarized when the angle of incidence equals Brewster's Angle. Means are provided for accurately determining the rectilinear and angular position of the light source (12), as well as which light detector segment (16) has received polarized light reflected from the object surface. A computer (20) is provided for receiving the positional information of the light source (12) with respect to the object surface and the light reflections received by each light detector segment (16) and therefrom calculates the spatial position of various points of reflection (24, 46, 52) from the object surface. The surface shape of the object (14) can thereby be reconstructed by plotting a two-dimensional plot of a plurality of such spatial points thus calculated.
1. A method for determining the surface shape of an object when the index of refraction thereof is known, comprising the steps of:
illuminating a plurality of points on the surface of the object with a plurality of light beams to produce a corresponding plurality of reflections, having various degrees of polarization;
detecting the amount of polarization of the reflections of said light beams; and
calculating spatial data of surface points of said reflections using Brewster's Angle and the amount of light polarization reflected therefrom, said data collectively being representative of the surface shape of said object.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the detecting step comprises detecting maximally polarized reflections of light at various said surface points of reflection where the angle of a light beam incident thereto is substantially equal to Brewster's Angle.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said illuminating step is carried out by rectilinearly and angularly moving a light beam with respect to said object to produce said plurality of reflections said detecting step comprises detecting light reflections which are maximally polarized, and with respect to each said maximally polarized light reflection said calculation includes the use of the angle of said light incident to the object surface thereat with respect to its rectilinear path of movement and the distance between a source of said incident light and a point where each said maximally polarized light reflection is detected.
4. The method of claim 1 further including the step of storing all said spatial data and after all said calculations are completed plotting all said spatial data in the nature of a plurality of points to thereby reconstruct said surface shape.
5. The method of claim 1 further including the step of storing all said spatial data and after all said calculations are completed, plotting all said spatial data in the nature of tangent lines to thereby reconstruct said surface shape.
6. The method of claim 1 further including the step of detecting reflected light at surface points, which reflected light is maximally polarized, and calculating spatial data representative of the surface shape of said object using Brewster's Angle and calculating other spatial data using nonmaximally polarized light detected at surface points having angles of reflecting different from Brewster's Angle, and calculating said other spatial data as a function of the ratio of nonmaximally polarized light reflected at said different angles to the amount of maximally polarized light reflected at Brewster's Angle.
7. The method of claim 6 further including the step of moving said light beam in a rectlinear path with respect to said object without angular movements of said light beam.
8. A method for determining the surface shape of an object, comprising the steps of:
illuminating the surface of an object by moving a light beam at a predetermined rate with respect to said surface;
detecting along a given path a degree of polarization of reflections of said light beam as reflected from said object; and
detecting the rate of movement of said reflected light beams along said given path and using said degree of polarization and said movement to thereby determine the surface shape of said object.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said illuminating step is carried out by illuminating said object with a beam of coherent light.
10. The method of claim 8 further including detecting the amount of polarization of said reflections from the surface of said object and using Brewster's Angle to determine said surface shape.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the illuminating step comprises moving said light beam at predetermined angular movements.
12. The method of claim 8 further including detecting positions of light reflections from said object along said given path which are characterized by manixally polarized light reflections, and using Brewster's Angle to determine the surface shape of the object.
13. The method of claim 8 further including detecting the position of the reflected light in the same path traversed by the source of the light beam.
14. Apparatus for determining the surface shape of an object comprising:
a light source;
means for moving said light source with respect to said object;
means for detecting polarized light reflected at various positoins from the surface of said object, an angle of said reflected light corresponding to Brewster's Angle; and
means for calculating spatial points of polarized light reflected from said object based upon Brewster's Angle and positional characteristics of said light source with respect to said object.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said means for detecting includes means for detecting certain light reflections which are maximally polarized with respect to other light reflections from the object.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said means for moving includes means for moving said light source in a rectilinear path and for angularly moving said light source.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said means for detecting is disposed in the path of rectilinear movement of said light source.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said means for moving includes means for incrementally moving said light source along said rectilinear path, and for arcuately moving said light source so as to scan said object at each incremental position.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said moving means includes a track, and said means for detecting includes a plurality of light detector segments on said track.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 further including computer means connected to said means for moving and to each said light detector segment for calculating said spatial points.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 further including a transmission line and means for multiplexing a representation of the light intensity detected by each light detector segment onto said transmission line.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said means for multiplexing further includes means for converting analog representations of light intensities from each said light detector segment into digital signals.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 further including threshold means for comparing the intensity of light received at each said light detector segment with a reference to thereby determine maximally polarized reflections of light.
24. Apparatus for determining the surface shape of an object, comprising:
a laser light source;
an elongate track having disposed thereon a plurality of light detector segments;
means for moving said light source along said track and for angularly rotating said light source about said track so as to scan the surface of said object;
means for determining the position of said light source along said track, and for determining the angular position of said light source with respect to said track; and
computer means connected to said means for determining, and connected to each said light detector segment for receiving positional information of said light source and light intensity information from said light detector segments, and for calculating spatial characteristics of the surface of said object based upon such positional information and light intensity information and Brewster's Angle.
The present invention relates in general to methods and apparatus for reconstructing the shapes of objects, and more particularly relates to the reconstruction of surface shapes by directing light onto the object surface and observing the nature of the light reflected.
Apparatus for measuring or determining the surface shape of an object finds applications in many areas. In some instances, the measuring device can be physically traversed across the surface of the object, whereby instruments record and store the shape of the path traversed.
In other situations, it is highly desirable to determine the surface shape of the object without making physical contact with the object. The measurement of the shape of the cornea of an eye is one such situation. Here, it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to determine the angle of curvature of the cornea by passing the measuring device physically across the surface of the cornea.
The advent of contact lenses which are worn directly on the cornea of the eye dictates that the examining doctor ascertain the exterior surface shape of the cornea very accurately. Accordingly, techniques for measuring corneal shapes are described or referred to in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,895,860 and 3,972,602. Ophthalmometers or Keratometers are thus well known in the art for making corneal measurements.
While such instruments accomplish the desired result, they are complicated to manufacture as well as to operate, and moreover, the precision with which a measurement can be made is a function of the examiner's skill. The noted ophthalmometers and Keratometers typically rely on the use of focused light beams, together with multiple prisms and lenses, to project measurement images on the cornea.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,859 describes a microscope system for projecting an image on the cornea and for optically splitting the image. Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,813 is the use of a series of lenses and a light source, together with television and video equipment for processing the information. In yet another U.S. Pat. No. 3,895,860, there is disclosed a method of making corneal measurements using the photographic record made by a keratoscope, and from such record creating a parameter which can be used for comparing subsequent corneal measurements.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that there is a need for apparatus which is not unduly complicated to manufacture, or use, and which does not depend upon subjective judgments of the eye examiner.
Even more importantly, there is a need for a method of determining the shapes or curvatures without taking special precautions as to the surrounding ambient light, and which methods can be easily adapted for many other applications.
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus which overcomes many of the disadvantages inherent in the systems heretofore known. The present invention broadly comprises a source of coherent light, such as a laser, which is directed at the object and rotated about an arc to scan the object's surface at many positions along a rectilinear path. When the surface shape is such that a tangent thereto causes a certain reflective angle, the reflected light is maximally polarized. This particular angle, known as Brewster's Angle, is unique to the composition of the object, and is thus a function of its index of refraction. During the scanning process by the light source, a plurality of light detector segments in the rectilinear path are examined to detect which, if any, of the segments are receiving polarized light. A computerized system records the rectilinear position, as well as the angular position of the light source at each instant of time when one of the segments detects polarized light. With the information relating to the unique angle of incidence or reflection together with the recorded angular position of the light source and the distance between the light source and the segment receiving polarized light, the computer is able to define the many spatial points representative of the surface shape of the object.
In another embodiment of the invention, the light source is not rotated, but rather only moves incrementally in a rectilinear path in front of the object. Light detector segments which are also disposed in the rectilinear path detect various intensities of polarized light, the highest intensity being at Brewster's Angle. The surface shape of the object according to this embodiment can also be determined by comparing the various intensities of the polarized light detected with a graphical plot which indicates the percent of polarized light reflected as a function of angles removed from Brewster's Angle.
The features of the invention are realized by providing a rectilinear track along which the light source incrementally moves, and means for determining the angular positions of the light source as it performs a rotational scan of the object surface at each incremental position. Both the linear and angular positions of the light source are converted to digital data usable by the computer. A plurality of light detector segments are also located along the track for detecting light which is polarized parallel to the surface of the object. The position of each such light segment is permanently stored in the computer memory and thus, when a detector segment detects polarized light, the distance between such segment and the light source can be recorded. With this information, as well as the determination of Brewster's Angle from the index of refraction of the object being measured, the computer can perform a trigonometric calculation and determine the spatial point of reflection of the surface. This process is continued until a multitude of spatial points are recorded in which event the shape of the surface can be reconstructed by a computer plot, or the like.
For a more detailed description of the construction and operation of the present invention, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical view of the invention illustrating the laser light source in various positions on a light detector track with elements sensitive to reflections from the object surface, and computer processor equipment connected to the light detector segments and the light source;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a portion of the light detector track showing the many light detector segments;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the technique for determining the index of refraction of an object;
FIG. 4 is a side plan view of the laser light source with a potentiometer attached thereto for determining its angular position during a scan of the object surface;
FIG. 5 is an electrical diagram showing the manner in which the analog representation of the angular orientation of the light source is digitized;
FIG. 6 is a circuit block diagram showing the manner in which the analog representation of reflected light on the detector segments is digitized and multiplexed for transmission to the computer processor;
FIG. 7 illustrates the multiplexing technique according to the invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates another technique using a laser light source and light detector segments on a track, for determining the surface shape of an object;
FIG. 9 graphically depicts the intensity of polarized light reflected from an object as a function of the angle of incidence, as compared with Brewster's Angle; and
FIG. 10 illustrates yet another technique of rotating a laser light source, without rectilinear movement, to determine the surface shape of an object.
Referring now to the figures, there are shown the general aspects of the method and apparatus for determining and reconstructing the surface shape of an object. The apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 1 and includes a vertical track 10 on which a polarized laser light source 12 is incrementally movable along the track, and rotatable about an arc to illuminate the surface of an object 14. The invention is ideally suited for use in ascertaining the surface shapes of objects having indices of refraction, such as glass, plastic and eye corneas.
As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical track 10 includes many individual light detectors 16 along its length to detect laser light reflected from the surface of the object 14. As shown in FIG. 1, each light detector segment 16 is wired to a computer interface 18 to provide data to a computer 20 indicating the vertical coordinate of the track receiving the light. The laser light source 12 is shown at position P1 along the track and, as noted, is movable vertically along the track and rotatable about its axis as shown in the phantom lines. In the preferred form of the invention it is contemplated that at each vertical position in which the light source 12 is moved it will swing about an arc and illuminate the surface of the object 14, whereupon the computer 20 will detect the segment 16, if any, which has received a light reflection.
A vertical and angular coordinate measurement device 22 is connected to the laser light source 12 to provide continuous information to the computer 20 via the interface 18, indicating exactly where the laser light source 12 is located along the track 10, and its instant angular position.
Therefore, it is envisioned that in order to determine and reconstruct the surface configuration of the object 14, the laser light source 12 will incrementally move from a position such as P2 to position P3 making an angular movement about each such increment. Depending on the irregularity of the object surface, light reflections at various light detector segments 16 may be detected. When detected, the vertical and anglar coordinate measurement device 22 will provide the particular rectilinear location on the track 10 of the laser light source 12, as well as its angular position. The computer 20 can then associate such positional information with the particular light detector segments 16 illuminated, and determine the spatial location of a surface point, such as 24.
In reconstructing the surface shape of the object 14, the computer 20 includes a program 26 with instructions for controlling the computer 20 to store in a scratch pad memory 28 the rectilinear and angular positions of the laser light source 20, together with the fixed positions of the light detector segments 16 illuminated. Because the foregoing information is useful for only a given object, it is temporary and, therefore, may be stored in the scratch pad memory 28. The computer 20 also includes a permanent memory 30 wherein data is stored, which data does not change for each object scanned. The type of data stored in permanent memory 30 may be in the nature of a cross-reference between all of the light detector segments 16 and their fixed coordinates along the vertical track 10. To be discussed in more detail below, this information will be used to determine distances on the track 10 between the laser light source 12 located at a particular location, and its reflection on a light detector segment 16. After a complete scan of the object surface has been made, the computer 20 can plot on an X-Y plotter 32 a reconstruction of the shape of the surface. In addition, the permanent memory 30 may include data relating to standard shapes against which the reconstructed shape of object 14 may be compared to yield a number, or the like, which identifies the particular shape or radius of curvature.
In accordance with the principles of the invention, the laser light source 12 emits a coherent beam of polarized light upon the surface of the object 14, and reflections thereof are recorded by the light detector segments 16. For high resolution, it is contemplated that the diameter of the light beam 34 is no wider than the vertical height of each light detector segment 16. It is further contemplated that the polarization of the light source 12 is polarized in such a manner that the vector arrows thereof are normal to the drawing and thus parallel to the object surface.
In accordance with known physics principles, for a particular angle of incidence θi of light source 12, the reflected beam 36 will be maximally polarized. This is true whether or not the light source emits polarized or non-polarized light. The angle of incidence in which the light source 12 must be directed on the surface in order for maximally polarized reflection to occur is different for different objects, and depends upon the index of refraction (n) of the first medium (air, n=1) and the object (n2). In the example of FIG. 1, air is the first medium and conventional glass (n2 =1.48) is the second medium.
Also in accordance with known principles of physics, the angle of reflection in which the reflected light is maximally polarized is known as Brewster's Angle, or θB, and is shown by the equation below:
tan θB =n2 /n1
For the example shown in FIG. 1, Brewster's angle may be calculated as:
tan θ=1.48/1 =1.48
θB =56�
For all other angles of reflection or incidence, the reflected light will not be maximally polarized.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, therefore, since the light source 12 is polarized (with vectors normal to the drawing), the only instance in which maximally polarized light will be detected by a light detector segment 16 will be when the angle of incidence equals Brewster's Angle, or at about 56� in the example. The light detector segments 16, therefore, need not be polarized detectors but can be any light detectors, assuming then that the scanning is done in a low ambient light environment. Since the reflected light is maximally polarized at Brewster's Angle, an alternate method of detection involves the use of light detector segments with filters which are insensitive to light polarized in the plane of the object surface. With this method, the computer 20 is programmed to respond to nulls in the reflected light intensity rather than to maximum intensities.
In other forms of the invention, the light source 12 may be non-polarized, in which case the light detector segments 16 must be able to detect reflected light polarized parallel to the object surface. In this instance, at a given light source position on the track 10, and when the light source 12 is angularly scanned, unpolarized light will be reflected on various surface points on many of the light detector segments 16, but very few light detector segments 16 will receive polarized light.
With reference now to FIG. 3, and before the scanning of an object surface is conducted, one may employ the light source 12 as below described, and by calculations determine the index of refraction (n) of the object 38. To ascertain the index of refraction of an unknown object 38, laser light source 12 is moved along the track 10 until the beam 40 reflected is coincident and thus aligned with the beam 40 directed to the object 38. The position P1 of light source 12 on the track 10 is then recorded. At this position, the tangent 42 to the point on the surface is parallel to the track 10 and normal to the incident light beam 40. Laser light source 12 may then be moved downwardly until maximally polarized and reflected light 44 is detected by a light detector segment 16 on the track 10. The position of P2 is recorded, as well as its angle of rotation θ1. According to general principles of optics, d1 =d2, and θ1 =θ2. Therefore, because the angle of incidence equals angle of reflection, θ3 can be calculated. Moreover, one half of θ3 is Brewster's Angle, and by reference to trigonometric tables the number whose angle equals one-half θ3 is the index of refraction of object 38.
Having determined Brewster's Angle, such angle can be used in the FIG. 1 scan to determine the surface shape, assuming the material of object 14 is the same as that of object 38. As noted above, laser light source 12 can be incrementally moved vertically from position P2 to P3, such as by a linear motor or step motor (not shown) on track 10, to gather data concerning the two dimensional shape of object 14. In the case of the step motor, the number of electrical pulses applied to the motor are related to the position of the light source 12 along the track 10. At position P2, a particular angular rotation of the light source 12 will result in a reflection from surfaoe spatial point 46 and the corresponding detection of polarized light at a light detector segment identified by reference character 48. With information relating to the distance between light source position P2 and the position of light detector segment 48, the angular position θ1 of the light source 12, and θB, the spatial characteristic or coordinate of surface point 46 can be mapped and stored in scratch pad memory 28. In the alternative, rather than plotting the spatial points, all the information is available to plot on X-Y plotter 32 a plurality of tangents at each point and thus reconstruct the surface shape. Certain tangents to the surface are shown in FIG. 1. It can be visualized that if a plurality of such tangents were to be plotted, the surface shape would be reconstructed.
This same procedure is carried on as the light source 12 moves upwardly along track 10 making an angular scan at each position and recording the data thereat. It should be noted that depending upon the irregularity of the surface, more than one maximally polarized reflection may be received by light detector segments 16 on the track 10. For example, with the light source 12 at position P1 in FIG. 1, a maximally polarized reflection is received at the light detector segment location denoted by reference character 50. This is the case as θi equals Brewster's Angle. As the light source continues to rotate downwardly at position P1 another Brewster's Angle reflection is reflected from the surface at point 52 on the object 14. This reflection on a light detector segment 16, while not shown in the drawings, is detected much below the position P2.
When the laser light source 12 has fully scanned the surface of the object 14, the computer 20 will have stored in memory 28 a characterization of the surface shape in digital form. This may easily be compared by the computer 20, in accordance with an algorithm in the program 26, with standard shapes of similar objects which are also stored in digital form in permanent memory 30. As noted above, the surface characterization may also be reconstructed on the plotter 32, or otherwise further analyzed by the computer 20.
As noted above, the rectilinear position of the light source linear motor along the track 10, and thus the laser light source 12, may be determined by conventional equipment. The angular position of the light source 12 may be determined by servo motor techniques, or according to the technique shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. A potentiometer 54 is mounted solidly to the light source 12 and turns as the laser light source 12 also turns in making its angular scan. The potentiometer 54 includes a wiper arm 56 which does not turn as it remains stationary with respect to the track 10. Thus, as the light source 12 is angulary scanned, the wiper arm 56 also moves across the potentiometer resistance.
A regulated supply voltage 58 is impressed across the potentiometer 54 and thus the varying voltage on the wiper arm 56 is representative of the angular position of the light source 12. The wiper arm voltage is fed via conductor 60 to an analog-to-digital converter 62 which digitizes the wiper arm voltage and presents a digital representation of the angular position of the light source 12 to the computer interface 18.
A further refinement of the invention may be employed by the use of a circuit, as illustrated in FIG. 6. A threshold detector 64 is illustrated as a hardware device interposed between the computer interface 18 and the computer 20. The computer interface 18 is further illustrated in FIG. 6 as including an analog-to-digital converter 66. It is realized that the light detector segments 16 are analog devices, i.e., the output voltage varies in accordance with the intensity of the light illuminating the segment.
According to another aspect of the invention, the analog signal from each light detector segment 16 is coupled to an amplifier 68 by way of a number of integrated circuit analog switches 70. In order to examine the light intensity information from each light detector segment 16, the hardware and electronics are economized by multiplexing the light intensity information from each light detector segment 16 into a single transmission line 76 directed to the computer 20.
FIG. 7 illustrates that the digitized information from each light detector segment 16 occupies a dedicated time slot 72 in a recurring multiplexing cycle. In other words, if there were 1024 light segments, then for each multiplexing cycle there would be 1024 time slots within which to place a digital representation of the light amplitude striking the light detector segment associated with the particular time slot.
In FIG. 7 there is shown that light detectcr segment number 2 is associated with dedicated time slot number 2 and has therein a digital number 01101 which. represents a certain light intensity. The same holds true for light detector segment and time slot number 1023. Thus, at the particular instant of time depicted in FIG. 7, there is a double reflection of the laser light source 12, such as at position P1 on surface points 24 and 52.
With reference again to FIG. 6, a multiplex and timing unit 74 establishes the timing intervals for the circuits such that only one analog switch within the block 70 is closed during a time slot. For example, the analog voltage of the particular light detector segment 81 wired to conductor 79 is coupled to the amplifier 68 for only an instant of time, in which time no other segment voltages are coupled to the precision amplifier. The amplifier 68 may be of the sample and hold type which is provided with precision amplifying of the low level light detector segment voltages to a voltage range acceptable to the analog-to-digital converter 66. It should be noted that each analog switch block 70 services eight light detector segment wire conductors at its input, and sequentially couples each such input to the single output 78. Moreover, all the analog switch block outputs are wire "order" together at node 80 and directed to the input of precision amplifier 68.
Once the amplified analog signal has been digitized it passes through the threshold detector 64, which also is timed to make sure that the correct light detector segment data is placed into the correct time slot 72. Because the light reflected from the object surface is maximally polarized at Brewster's Angle, the threshold detector is necessary to assure that the computer does not receive those reflections near Brewster's Angle which are detected and polarized, but not maximally polarized. Moreover, the threshold detector 64 may be provided with equipment which is adjustable so that the affect of ambient light on the light detector segments 16 is negated. In other words, the threshold may automatically rise with increased ambient light.
Therefore, a threshold is experimentally arrived at which assures that those digital representations above the threshold are bona fide Brewster's Angle reflections, and those under the threshold are discarded as being non-Brewster Angle reflections. Digital comparators usable for this application are well known in the art.
While the digital threshold detector 64 has been shown as a hardware device, it should be understood that the computer 20 itself may accomplish the digital comparison according to a software routine in the program 26.
With the foregoing in mind, it can also be appreciated that the principles of the invention permit a three-dimensional characterization of a surface, either by shifting the track 10 laterally after each complete vertical scan, or by implementing a second horizontal track and light source laterally movable at the same time as the scanner system shown in FIG. 1. In the latter case one scanner system could be denominated X, and the other Y for plotting surface points in accordance with a three-dimensional coordinate system. The apparatus of FIG. 6 would be duplicated and the output of each resultant threshold detector could further be multiplexed onto one transmission line to the computer 20. In such case the data for the X scanner could be multiplexed into even numbered time slots, and the Y scanner data multiplexed into the odd numbered time slots. Of course, other multiplexing schemes may be used.
The concepts of the invention may be expanded to measure curvatures of surfaces using a slightly differernt technique. When the curvature of a surface is somewhat regular, such as the cornea of an eye, the technique shown in FIG. 8 may be employed.
Moreover, this technique may be used with the apparatus described above, however, here the light source 82 is unpolarized and does not undergo an angular rotation. Rather, the unpolarized light source 82 remains horizontally disposed, but moves downwardly incrementally along the track 10. Again, light detector segments 16 detect light polarized parallel to the surface of the cornea 84.
As the unpolarized light source 82 moves downwardly through positions P2-P5, the light detector segments 16 will receive respective light reflections R2 -R5, the reflection from position P1 being directed back to the unpolarized light source 82. During the downward movement of the unpolarized light source 82, the angle of incidence and thus also the angle of reflection of the light beam increases and eventually passes through Brewster's Angle. Again, the amount of polarized light reflected at Brewster's Angle is maximum. The percent of polarized light reflected as a function of angles from Brewster's Angle is graphically depicted in FIG. 9.
It is seen from FIG. 9 that the curve is bell-shaped with the top thereof representative of Brewster's Angle where maximum polarized light is reflected. At angles of reflection removed from Brewster's Angle, the percent of polarized light reflected is less and can be determined from the graph. Or, stated another way, knowing the percent of polarized light received, the angle of reflection can readily be determined. Assuming the index of refraction of the cornea 84 is known, then Brewster's Angle is also known. Thus, by recording the amount of polarized light received at each light detector segment 86-92 of FIG. 8, and comparing those numbers with the amount received when passing through Brewster's Angle, the respective angles of incidence can be determined. Knowing the angles of incidences, trigonometric tables can be used to determine the spatial points of reflections 94-100 and thus the surface shape.
The technique of determining the shape of a surface according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is only illustrative. In practice, the downwards movement of the light source 82 is very small, and thus the resolution of the surface shape can be quite high.
A similar technique is shown in FIG. 10 where the laser light source 82 is maintained at a fixed position on the track 10, but is moved at predetermined angles to perform the object scan. At each new angle of scan, the distance by which the reflected light moves on the track 10, such as the distances between illustrated points 102-108, can be noted and compared to determine the tangents on the object surface 110-116 causing such reflections.
Yet another technique of determining the surface configuration of an object may be visualized from FIG. 8. Rather than measuring distances as illustrated above, the laser light source 82 can be moved downwardly at a constant rate, and such rate compared with the rate at which the point on the track 10 of reflected light moves, as detected by the light detector segments 16. For a given curved surface, the rate of movement of laser light reflections can be predicted or calculated by those skilled in the art. With this technique, polarized light is not necessary, as long as some characteristic of the reflected light can be traced.
The basic concepts of the methods and apparatus for determining the surface shape of an object using the polarization of light concepts and Brewster's Angle are illustrated herein. Therefore, the description of the invention is intended to be merely exemplary and not circumcriptive of the invention as it is claimed below. The invention, thus, may be modified by those skilled in the art and yet be within the scope of such claims.
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The reason it is different here is GS is telling you up front they are bending you over and going to town. You are choosing to let them. With selling a RRoD Xbox you are being deceptive.
Normally I am all for screwing places like GS, but really what is likely to happen? They "test" it. "Re-certify" it. Sell it to some grandma to give as a gift for her grand kids. It breaks down just as the 30 day "warranty" expires, and some kid is screwed. Seems like an opportunity to avoid bad karma to me.
Kyle: Dude! I almost thought those Afghani kids talked you into not liking America.
Stan: No, dude. America may have some problems, but it's our home. Our team. And if you don't wanna root for your team, then you should get the hell out of the stadium.
Kyle: Yeah.
Stan: <salutes the American flag> Go America.
Kyle: <salutes> Go America...
Stan: Go Broncos
Kyle: Yeah go Broncos.
Cartman: Yeah...
But, there is nothing we can do about that now.
And, to the original question...do you just want it working or do you want it working so you can sell it? If you are looking for a console on a second TV...you could always take the MB out of the crappy ventilated console and make up your own little new enclosure / leave it wide open.
i have an xbox live banned system, my original one that still works fine. I had thoughts of trading it in to gamestop but then realized I would not want it done to me....
I think your best bet is to sell the thing to someone who will fix it themselves. then you are not sliding the slippery slope - you may get less for it of course.
xRANDALLxFLAGG [xbox.com]
kindle SO saved so far: $801
book savings: $100
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Red Petal Alpaca Cardigan
(Based on 8 reviews)
Category: Clothing/Women's Clothing/Sweaters
Our toreador-inspired flyaway cardigan is knit in La Paz, Bolivia, using 100% Alpaca fiber, a material that has been part of Andean textile traditions for thousands of years. With embroidered appliqués and leather buttons at the neck, this sophisticated red-and-black cardigan showcases indigenous Bolivian craftsmanship as well as the country's colonial Spanish influence. Perfect for holiday gatherings, with two removable black tassels at the neck.
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Women's Irish Aran Turtleneck Sweater
(Based on 13 reviews)
Category: Clothing/Women's Clothing/Sweaters
For hundreds of years, women in the rural villages of the Aran Islands off the western coast of Ireland have knit natural wool sweaters for their fisherman kin. Although the myth that you can identify island families by the stiches in their sweaterlike a Scottish tartanisn't true, every knitter does have her own special patterns, passed down through generations of mothers and grandmothers. At weekly gatherings, they continually invented intricate new stitches.
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Women's Merino Wool Irish Cardigan
(Based on 34 reviews)
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This cozy merino wool sweater is a virtual sampler of Irish Aran knitting patterns. Each pattern symbolizes an aspect of local fishing culture: Celtic rope for Irish pride; fisherman's cable for safety on the waters; basket stitch for a plentiful catch; and diamond, the shape of a fishing net, for success. The warm wool is renowned for its extremely soft hand, providing warmth and comfort without the itch of lower-quality fibers.
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Travel Slipper Socks
(Based on 9 reviews)
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Originally developed for camping in the Maine woods, these wool-blend slipper socks are so comfortable that Sherpa guides on Mount Everest now pack them for base camp. Delivering lightweight warmth, they're perfect footwear no matter where your travels take you. A memory-foam layer tops EVA insoles for support and cushioning. Leather sidewalls and outsoles are durable enough to wear at a campsite, but soft enough for indoor wear.
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Irish Aran Trellis Turtleneck Sweater
(Based on 1 review)
Category: Clothing/Women's Clothing/Sweaters
Made of Italian-spun wool, this gorgeous turtleneck sweater is a great way to stay warm along the craggy, fog-shrouded coastline of the Ireland's Aran Islandsor to run errands at home on a brisk autumn afternoon. Featuring the trellis stitch, a complex Aran knitting pattern believed by some to represent a monk's dedication to God, this high-necked jumper is a striking combination of traditional Irish craftsmanship and flattering design.
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Peruvian Kantuta Cardigan Sweater
(Based on 3 reviews)
Category: Clothing/Women's Clothing/Sweaters
Our lightweight boiled-wool cardigan makes a crisp addition to your wardrobe in a rich red hue that will brighten any winter day. A blend of soft baby alpaca fiber and sheep's wool is "boiled" in a process similar to felting to create a fabric denser than a knitted sweater, making it warmer and more wind-resistant. Hand-embroidered designs inspired by the kantuta, Peru's national flower, decorate the front. One-button clasp at the neckline.
Available sizes: Small, Medium, Large, XLarge, XXLarge


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So Much Fun It's Scary!® - Only Days Until HALLOWEEN!
Complete your punk, Goth, biker or bad boy costume with these outrageous black studded fingerless gloves.
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Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
by Lewis Carroll
Follow Alice down the Rabbit-Hole and into Wonderland, a fantasy world filled with peculiar characters, where the unexpected is to be expected.
This is the original "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" story by Lewis Carroll, with 12 new full-page color illustrations and more by Yannick Bouchard.
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Ripon's Misles-Krhin named Principal of the Year
Myra Misles-Krhin, Barlow Park principal, was named the 2010 Wisconsin Elementary Principal of Year. A University of Wisconsin Oshkosh alumna, Misles-Krhin received a master's degree from UW Oshkosh in educational administration.
WiscNet's Educational Technology People Profile – Eric Brunsell
The WiscNet Wire is continuing our tradition to profile people involved in educational technology in Wisconsin. Wisconsin has a diverse group of educational technologists with expertise in a wide variety of areas. The overarching theme we are playing with is "What has your attention and why?".
Temple Grandin: Build on students' strengths
Temple Grandin, the most well-known American with autism, urged teachers, parents and students to avoid getting "hung up on labels" during her standing-room-only keynote address Saturday at a University of Wisconsin Oshkosh special education conference.
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J.D. Hughes, a national physical education consultant, demonstrates why no one is allowed to stand still in his gym during a Feb. 18 workshop in Albee Hall.


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2-day fair will focus on history, genealogy
Event to have exhibits, seminars and speakers
The Tennessee Genealogical Society will host a genealogy and history fair Oct. 12 and 13. Free exhibits will be open from 1 to 5 p.m. on Friday and from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Saturday in the Germantown Centre Great Hall, 1900 S. Germantown Road.
Paula Stuart-Warren will be the featured speaker at seminars on Saturday from 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Seminar costs are $25 for the public and $20 for Tennessee Genealogical Society members.
A dinner Friday evening at the Pickering Center, 7771 Poplar Pike, will feature keynote speaker Dr. Michael R. Bradley on the topic, "How Shall We Understand History?"
A native of Fayetteville, Tenn., he taught United States history at Motlow College near Tullahoma for 36 years before retiring in 2006. He is the author of several books on Civil War history, including "Tullahoma: The 1863 Campaign," Nathan Bedford Forrest's "Escort and Staff in War and Peace," "It Happened in the Civil War," and "With Blood and Fire: Behind Union Lines in Middle Tennessee." He has also written on the Revolutionary War and the Great Smoky Mountain region. He is the Commander of the Tennessee Division and a life member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans.
Tickets to the Friday barbecue dinner are $12; $10 for members of the Tennessee Genealogical Society. Reservations must be made by noon Thursday through the Tennessee Genealogical Society's Web site at tngs.org.
For more information about the Genealogy and History Fair, contact the Tennessee Genealogical Society at 754-4300 or the Germantown Regional History and Genealogy Center, 7779 Poplar Pike, at 757-8480.
Kathleen Raymond is a reference librarian for the Germantown Community Library.
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DOGS: Stunning PARTI Standard Poodle puppies! Males & females, chocolate & white and black & white! ALSO- two pick of the litters.....one black, one cream!Nice size, with beautiful fine bone structure, and regal gait, bred for wonderful laid back, gentle temperament...More info Email a friend
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PETS LOST & FOUND: in Wake Forest area on 5-21-15. Must be able to identify. Call 919-605-7398.More info Email a friend
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DOGS: Blue Wolf Sable, 3F, 1M, all shots/wormer UTDMore info Email a friend


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Armored Saint
Los Angeles, California's Armored Saint have released their seventh studio album today! Head over now to metalblade.com/armoredsaint to jam this amazing album in its entirety below it's available in stores.Read More
The Great Discord
Garnering critical acclaim worldwide, The Great Discord are now ready to release 'Duende' to the public. 'Duende' is now available to stream in its entirety at metalblade.com/thegreatdiscordRead More
'Rise to Power' will be released worldwide on Metal Blade Records on August 21st, 2015. The new song, 'Not Your Slave', is streaming at metalblade.com/battlecross, where pre-order is also possible.Read More
Culture Killer
Florida natives, Culture Killer, have signed with Metal Blade Records and are preparing to record their full length debut! Previously, the band had released the 'Denial' EP in 2014, and a single 'Exterminate Filth' earlier this year.Read More
German/Dutch Thrash commando DEW-SCENTED have launched the 2nd song taken off their new album 'Intermination', to be released the 12th of June in Europe!Read More
Cattle Decapitation
Cattle Decapitation to release 'The Anthropocene Extinction' this August via Metal Blade Records! First single unveiled!Read More
The Great Discord
Today the band further expands upon their intriguing and mystifying visuals with a new video for the song 'The Aging Man'. The video was directed by Philip Kullgren and edited by Joakim Sjoholm.Read More
Six Feet Under
'Crypt Of The Devil', the latest platter of brutality from iconic death metal merchants, SIX FEET UNDER, crushed the Billboard charts this week debuting at #13 on the Hard Music Chart.Read More
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