text:
The specification describes a carrier for test tubes or other containers that will keep the specimen together with its identification from the time the specimen is taken until the final results are obtained. The carrier is adapted to be handled automatically in conjunction with an analytic instrument and to provide for readout of identification and results from the analytic instrument.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Roulette et al.
SPECIMEN CARRIER Inventors: Robert E. Roulette, Monmouth Beach; Martin J. Salwen, Rumson, both of NJ.
Assignee: M.M.B.I. Inc., Red Bank, NJ.
Filed: Aug. 16, 1972 Appl. No.: 281,071
Related U.S. Application Data Continuation of Ser. No. 70,393, Sept. 8, 1970, abandoned.
U.S. Cl 235/6Ll2 R; 23/259; 73/53; 235/61.12 M; 235/11 R Int. Cl. G06K 19/04; BOlL 9/06; G06K 13/00 Field of Search... 73/53; 235/61.11 R, 61.11 E, 235/61.11 B, 61.12 R, 61.12 N, 61.12 M,
61.9 R, 61.7 R; 23/253, 259, 250; 356/36; 200/46; 194/9 R, 100 R, DIG. 11; 88/14 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3/1962 Allen 88/14 1 Oct. 28, 1975 Primary ExaminerDary1 W. Cook Assistant ExaminerRobert M. Kilgore Attorney, Agent, or Firm-K. L. King 57 ABSTRACT The specification describes a carrier for test tubes or other containers that will keep the specimen together with its identification from the time the specimen is taken until the final results are obtained. The carrier is adapted to be handled automatically in conjunction with an analytic instrument and to provide for readout of identification and results from the analytic instrument.
19 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures US. Patent Oct. 28, 1975 Sheet 1 of2 3,916,157
m w n m amllk llkr W1 1 w mmwm ns N unwam m m: w Tll m 3 UUMW I m n EN 0 m: m a w m r "mm U.S. Patent Oct. 28, 1975 Sheet 2 of2 3,916,157
SPECIMEN CARRIER This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 70,393, filed Sept. 8, 1970, now abandoned. su
HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM The identification of specimens analyzed in clinical laboratories has for many years been one of the most time consuming and potentially dangerous operations in the laboratory. An error in the identification of a sample could easily result in either the wrong medication being applied to a patient, or no medication when medication is needed. Given the power and potency of todays modern drugs, the hazard of error is enormous.
A typical system used throughout most of the clinical laboratories in the country involves the following steps. First the sample is drawn and a requisition slip for the sample source identification is attached to the test tube with a rubber band. Upon arrival in the clinical laboratory, the requisition slip is detached from the sample tube, and a lab control number is attached to the tube and written on the requistion slip. For many of the tests, the sample tube is then placed in a centrifuge and spun, and then decanted by any one of several means into other test tubes. At this point the numbered label from the original bulk sample is transferred to the decanted sample or in some instances multiple lab control numbers are applied to the various tubes. At this point in the analysis, the analyzing procedure begins, and the test tube is either fed into a large automatic clinical analyzer, or it is manually given some chemical processing such as the adding of chemical reagents, shaking, heating, dialyzing, etc. In addition, certain portions of the bulk sample may be subejcted to detector tests using instruments such as a colorimeter, a spectrophotometer, a fluorometer, a flame photometer, a pH meter, cell counters, or a variety of manual techniques. After the various tests have been completed, the lab technician records the results and the lab control number on a worksheet in the laboratory. The data from the worksheet is then transcribed back to the initial requisition form and the results sent back to the nursing station or doctor who requested the analysis. A charge for this service is then initiated by detaching one part of the requisition, entering the fee and forwarding to the business office.
Several designs presently utilized in the prior art attach a machine readable card to the specimen, using a rubber band. The card is unprotected and easily damaged in manipulations and then must be specially placed in the instrument in some fashion. For the few analytical instruments so configured, the specimen must be transferred to special containers that fit the specimen handling hardware and the identity cards must be separately handled. One prominent commercial analyzer for example, requires that when the specimen is transferred, the identification label must be separately transferred introducing a handling step which further multiplies the hazard of error.
The analytical instruments on the market today generally do not provide for discrete specimen identification or any machine reading of the specimen identification. In many automated instruments the sequence of results is used to assign the analyzed value to specimen. This rigidity necessary in maintaining a fixed sequence which may not be altered once the order of specimens is listed on the roster, compromises the ability to make changes necessitated by the arrival of specimens re- 2 quiring high priority handling. Further, the hazard created by the assumption of a fixed sequence properly recorded, and the time lost in manually recording this sequence renders this a most unsatisfactory method.
As can be seen from the above description, there are many places for error in which the wrong number could be entered or the wrong results recorded between the patient and the final results.
The new automatic analytical instruments that have appeared in recent years have been a great boon to the technician insofar as the actual test is concerned. However, most of the efforts in this field have involved the performance and logging of tests in the usual fashion plus the addition job of card punching so that the results could be recorded in the computer memory. Clearly, these programs preserve all of the existing sources of error created by transcription and transposition mistakes. They have also added a new dimension requiring additional manpower and creating new hazards without any of the benefits of process control.
In addition to the possibly catastrophic effects resulting from a transposition error, the technician time in logging, calculating, recording, charging, and transcribing has grown to be especially significant. The clinical laboratory for one large metropolitan hospital logs several million test results in one year after examination of more than 250,000 specimens. Although many of the tests are performed on partially automated machines, the mathematical extrapolations, the recording and transcription of the numbers, were done by hand. Automation has emphasized analytical instrument design, which has reduced the technicians time in the actual performance of tests. While this has reduced the ratio of time spent on calculations and analysis, it has increased the portion of time spent on clerical duties as opposed to the technical work. At this time all of the testing, calculating, recording, and reporting is done by hand. The new automatic clinical analyzers have generated sufficient volume and variety that the workload can no longer be handled manually.
While virtually all of the automatic clinical analyzers have provided with them a specific carrier for the bulk sample, it is still necessary to decant portions of the original bulk sample from the original test tube into the machines specimen carrier before the analysis is begun.
The current state of laboratory development is really mechanization rather than automation as it is so often called. In order to achieve the benefits of computers in the clinical laboratory, absolute accurate specimen identification is essential. For safety, efficiency and reliability, such identification must be applied at the time of collection and accompany the specimen through all manipulations to the analytical station. The carrier for the specimens identification must allow visual identification and routing. The carrier must be adaptable to the variety of specimen containers used and be stable under refrigeration, incubation, autoclaving, and centrifugation.
OBJECTS OF INVENTION It is an object of my invention to provide a method and means for identification of the bulk sample from the time the specimen is taken until after all of the analyzing steps are completed, and the report generated.
It is another object ofmy invention to permit discrete specimen identification providing machine as well as visual readable capability.
It is another object of my invention to provide a carrier with identification that can accompany the specimen through freezing, refrigeration, autoclaving, and centrifugation.
It is another object of my invention to provide a selfsupporting carrier for a standard test tube or other container which may be utilized in the manual analysis of the specimen, or in an automatic clinical analyzer.
It is another object of my invention to provide a carrier adaptable to various common types of test tubes and other specimen containers.
It is another object of my invention to provide a carrier which will permit the formation of an endless chain of specimen carriers for use is an automatic clinical analyzer.
It is another object of my invention to provide a carrier which will permit the automatic elevation of the specimen container to permit the automatic sipping of a discrete specimen during automatic clinical analysis.
It is another object of my invention to provide an identification for a carrier which may be read visually, as well as mechanically, by means of optical scanning, magnetic readout, or a punch card station.
It is another object of my invention to provide a carrier which is dynamically and statically balanced about the three major axes for use in centrifugation.
It is another object of my invention to provide a test tube carrier with identification which will allow the automatic computer printout of test results, patient history, and billing when used in conjunction with an automatic clinical analyzer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is an isometric view of my specimen carrier with a standard test tube inserted therein.
FIG. 2 is a side view of my specimen carrier illustrating the elevation of a standard test tube for the automatic sipping by an automatic clinical analyzer.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the requisition form and punch card identification utilized in my invention.
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of my specimen carrier when utilized in the manual analysis of laboratory specimens.
FIG. Sis an isometric view of an endless train of specimen carriers utilized in an automatic clinical analyzer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, when a doctor requests that a certain test be performed, a therapist or technician will draw the sample into a test tube or other standard container and place the test tube in the specimen carrier. At the same time the requistion form illustrated in FIG. 3 may be filled out by the nurse drawing the sample, or generated by a computer requisitioning program. The tear tab portion 12 is then detached from the requisition form and slipped into the specimen carrier in a manner which will be later described. This tear tab carries with it a visual and machine readable identification number that will serve not only as the requisition number, but also the lab and control number as the sample is analyzed. The carrier, together with its specimen and identification, is then sent to the clinical laboratory where it is normally centrifuged. After the centrifugation, the carrier is then inserted into a selfpropelled train for sampling by an automatic analytical instrument or other analyzing machinery, or it may be transferred from lab bench to lab bench for manual analysis. Since the carrier is selfsupporting, it provides a support stand and base for the test tube during analysis. If the analysis is done by an automatic clinical analyzer, the machine readable identification provides a computer input for each and every sample. In this manner the computer is able to provide a report of the analysis to the physician as well as to correlate the results of a previous test on the same sample with the result that is now being transmitted from a specific analysis. Thus the number of utilized not only in a multiple analysis operation wherein the results ofa previous step are correlated, but it is also useful in the subsequent analysis of a different bulk sample taken from the same patient. It is also used in determining the proper routing of the report.
The test results from the automatic clinical analyzer in conjunction with the specimen number are fed automatically into the computer memory for subsequent printout at the nurses station together with the specimen identification.
Technician observations may also be entered relevant to the specimen and its examination. This information obtained by the technician is entered in conjunction with the instruments analytical result and the specimen number through the Laboratory Data Control Station."
This carrier is part of a larger system, the Laboratory Data Control System," which includes a communications console, a reader for recognition of the card number, the card reader electronics, and a portion of the drive mechanism for driving the carrier past the card reader.
A manual keyboard is provided for the technician at certain stations for entering the results of any essentially morphologic tests such as hematology, urinalysis, or bacteriology. For these tests, the technician will enter into the computer memory system the results observed from the test, without the requirement of keying in the requisition number, since this will also be read from the specimen carrier.
Examples of analytic instruments which provide an analogue readout are colorimeters, flame photometers, fluorometers, spectrophotometers, densitometers, blood cell counters, chloridometers, pH meters, and fibrometers. An electronic analogue to digital conversion will occur automatically at the time of analysis with the direct electronic transfer to the computer in its memory bank. At the same time the result is identified as well as being logged so that the identification of the sample throughout the entire analysis operation is done automatically by machine to prevent the human errors in transposition.
After all of the analytical steps arecompleted, the computer is then able to provide an automatic printout of all tests and test results when queried about the identification number. Since the identification number was entered in the first requisition, and carried throughout all of the analyzing steps, the only chance for error in the identification of the sample would be computer error caused by completely random failure within the computer.
In addition to the immediate transfer of information electronically from the clinical laboratory to the nursing station where the results are printed out, the computer also provides automatic billing for the lab analysis when the bill is prepared. In addition a physician will automatically be able to obtain a complete case record including all previous analyses by querying the computer using the patients name. The availability of a single, type-written, printed compilation containing both daily test results and a complete record of all test results on that patient eliminates the frustration of leafing through pages of charts to find the pertinent past reports as is presently required.
The specimen carrier itself is molded from plastic, although it may be formed out of any suitable material and is illustrated in FIG. 1. The specimen carrier 13 constitutes a stable base portion 14 and support means 15 extending upwardly from the base to support a test tube or other standard container 16. This allows the specimen carrier to be self-supporting when placed on a flat horizontal surface to support the specimen carrier 16 in an upright position. identification means 17 are provided along the inner walls of the specimen carrier to allow the entry of the tear tab 12. This tab is inserted in a pair of narrow slots 17 (FIG. 2) and is visible through a large opening 18 which is provided in the front of the specimen carrier. The tear tab 12, illustrated in FIG. 1 is provided with a plurality of punch apertures 19 or magnetically coated indicia 20.
For the purposes of the invention, any suitable machine readable identification may be used. FIG. 1 illustrates a card which may be read by an optical scanner by scanning the numbers printed on tab 12 on the upper most portion 21. It may also be read by an optical scanner which would scan the face of the tear tab and provide a reflected light reading that would provide an absent pulse where ever the light failed to strike the card due to the punch card openings 19. The tear tab also provides for magnetic identification by means of magnetic indicia 20. This indicia may be magnitized, unmagnitized, or magnetized in opposite polarities or may be a specific geometric arrangement of permeable material to enable a magnetic sensor to obtain a digital or analogue output. Additionally, the punchcard openings 19 would allow a machine reading by mechanical fingers, to provide a punchcard readout.
Base 14 defnes a guide rail opening 22 and transmissions means 23. Transmission means 23 constitutes a rack gear which is moulded or mounted on the bottom of the carrier for an engagement with a corresponding transmission means in the Laboratory Data Control Station. In this manner the carrier may be transported automatically past the station to acquire the requisition number and to start the next analysis.
Carrier 13 also defines a pair of openings 24 on either side or rear of the standard container 16 to enable an optically deformable beam to analyze the bulk sample by projecting the beam through the opening in the specimen carrier and the bulk sample.
The requisition form 11 has appropriate spaces for entry of the patients name, the room and bed number, the outpatient address, the patients social security number and age, the physician ordering the test, together with the supervising nurse and the nurse who collects the specimen, together with the clinical laboratory to which the sample will be sent, the type of test requested, the way in which the sample was obtained, the present diagnosis, and the critical identification number. This identification number is also entered on the tear tab portion which is inserted in the specimen carrier. In operation, the nurse collecting the specimen, detaches the tear tab and inserts it in the specimen carrier along with the specimen before sending the specimen to the clinical laboratory.
FIG. 2 illustrates my invention at Laboratory Data Control Station, wherein a pinion gear 25 has moved the specimen carrier to the appropriate position for automatic sipping by sipping tube 26. Elevator rod 27 is injected through elevator opening 28 defined by the base of the specimen carrier. This elector rod elevates the test tube 16 to a predetermined height to enable the automatic analytic instrument to sip a discrete sample from the bulk sample contained in this specimen carrier. At the same time the machine readout 29 correlates the identification provided on tear tab 12 and the results of the analysis from the analytical instrument and forwards the two to the computer memory bank. The identification means 17, together with the tear tab 12, are illustrated by the dotted lines in the specimen carrier. Additionally, this would allow the supernatant height to be detected and obviates the need to decant the sample from the initial tube holder into a special holder for the analytical instrument.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the upper portion of the specimen carrier 13 is provided with two abutments 30 and 31 which extent outwardly from the center axis of the carrier in opposite directions. The carrier is also dimensionally stable and its weight is dynamically and statically balanced about the three major center lines for centrifugation. The primary center being the center axis for the test tube or standard container 16. This enables the clinical lab technician to insert the specimen together with the specimen carrier into a centrifuge for centrifugation without the necessity of labeling the test tube separately, removing the test tube from the carrier, centrifuging it, and then decanting the specimen into a specific machine carrier for an analytical instrument and transferring the number from the specimen container to the new specialized recepticle for the automatic clinical analyzer. Thus the lab technician does not have to transfer a single entry throughout all of the analysis of the specimen and the identification number and the specimen remain together throughout all operations.
The carrier is not dependent upon any one system of automatic analysis. It is designed to be compatible with all systems and has no features which are unduly restrictive, which would limit it to a single system.
Any of the present commercial systems may be modified by addition of the transport means to utilize the carrier, and indeed two different types of analyzers may be used at different stations. Thus, the carrier is compatible with its own system, and other systems of manufacture and manual analysis.
The carrier itself is self-supporting and rugged, virtually indestructible and is dimensionally stable. Its performance is not hindered by variations in atmospheric conditions of temperature, pressure, or relative humidity. It is washable, autoclavable, and can be cold sterilized. It is not a custom carrier inasmuch as the central opening for the test tube 16 is adaptable to various test tubes. The carrier is constructed of electrically impervious material and cannot store charge or be affected by electric, magnetic, or optical fields.
FIG. 5 illustrates the specimen carrier in a connected chain of carriers for use in an automatic clinical analyzer. The carrier is transported past the Laboratory Data Control Station" by means of the transmission means 23 illustrated in FIG. 1, which may be engaged by a pinion gear as illustrated in FIG. 2, or it may be engaged by a bicycle chain clip holder, an endless belt, a gear train, or a pneumatic, electromagnetic, or hydraulic drive. The guide rail opening 22 is designed to follow guide rail 32 to enable the drive mechanism to precisely center the specimen carrier for automatic sipping as illustrated in FIG. 2, and to assist the machine reader 29 in reading the identification presented on tear tab 12. The specimen carriers are connected together by means of clips 33 which engage the openings 34 defined in the top of the specimen carrier. The openings 39 are used as illustrated in FIG. 4 to move a plurality of samples from the nursing station to the clinical laboratory, or for use in the manual processing of a number of samples in the clinical laboratory. The holder 35 is panel shaped with a broad flat horizontal surface to support the specimen carriers and an upstanding flange 36 to provide a back and brace. This brace is then equipped with two pairs of parallel rods 37 and 38 and the specimen carrier is mounted on the hand carrier by inserting the rods 37 or 38 into the openings 39 defined in the base of the specimen carrier. Thus a large number of specimen carriers may be manually transported from station to station quickly and conveniently.
FIG. also discloses a method and means of flagging the individual specimen carriers to alert the technicians or the automatic analyzer to special conditions. A plurality of openings generally shown at 51 are placed between the clip openings 34 and the opening for the test tube 16. In operation a plurality of pins 52 may be inserted in the opening 51 to code certain information. The coded information may be placed in a binary code as shown by the row of binary numbers 53 or it may be placed in a numerical or analogue code as indicated at 54. A microswitch arrangement 55 positioned on the control station 29 is utilized to read out the presence or absence of pins 52. Thus if the micro-switch assembly 55 sensed flag pins in the first, second, and fourth openings the binary code read out would be 1101 or 13. Alternately, each of the openings 51 could be utilized to determine a specific type of information, i.e., that this specimen carrier has a high priority or special handling.
Additionally, the openings 51 and pins 52 could be utilized to enter certain information which is visible to the operator or laboratory technician, but which cannot be sensed by the control station 29. In essentially morphologic tests, the laboratory technician could enter the results of the tests in a binary code on the upper portion of the specimen carrier by inserting the appropriate pins 52 into openings 51. Thus when the carrier passes through a control station which would normally utilize the results of the morphologic test in conducting its specific analysis, the information would be available by means of the flagpins and read out means 55. In an emergency, information could be directly coded into the control station 29 even though the master computer program has no provisions for a morphologic entry at this station.
As can be seen, the openings 51 and pins 52 can be used for a wide variety of purposes such as indicating high priority or special handlings specimens, indicating special billing or charges for the analysis, indicating the number of carriers in a carrier train, or to enter certain manually derived information into the analyzing station.
While the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments having a plurality of 5 means for a machine readable identification, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the various combinations may be interchanged in various manners to provide other combinations of identification means and transmission means. It should be noted that the embodiments illustrated are presented by way of example only, and not in any limiting sense. The invention, in brief, comprises all of the embodiments and modifications coming with the scope and sphere to the following claims.
What is claimed is:
l. A reusable carrier for use in coupling a medical sample to be analyzed with an identification code while conducting said analysis, comprising,
a. a stable base member,
b. support means extending upwardly from said base member to support a separate test tube container in an upright position, said test tube containing said sample to be analyzed, said support means providing structural support for said test tube while the sample in said test tube is being analyzed,
c. means for receiving and displaying a separate coded identification marker at the time said test tube and said sample are placed in said carrier,
d. transmission means mounted on said carrier to engage a corresponding transmission means in an automatic analyzer, said transmission means being adapted to transport the carrier and its container from station to station during analysis, said transmission means comprising a rack and guide means, said rack adapted to be engaged by transmission means in a control station to transport the carrier and its container from station to station.
2. A reusable carrier as claimed in claim 1 wherein said carrier base member defines an elevator opening to enable an elevator operated by said automatic analyzer to raise the container to a predetermined height.
3. A carrier train comprising:
a. at least two carriers each of said carriers having a stable base member, support means extended upwardly from the base member to support a separate test tube container in an upright position, said test tube containing a sample to be analyzed, said support means providing structural support for said test tube while the sample of said test tube is being analyzed and means for receiving and displaying a separate coded identification marker at the time said test tube and said sample are placed in said carrier,
b. coupling means for joining said carriers together, said coupling means comprising an upper spring clip which engages upper openings defined by said carriers.
4. A method of coupling a medical sample to be analyzed with a coded identification means while conducting a plurality of analyses comprising a. drawing and placing a bulk sample to be analyzed in a container at a first location near a medical patient.
b. preparing a coded means for identifying said bulk sample to be analyzed at a first location near a medical patient,
c. inserting both the container and the coded means for identification into a carrier adapted to support said container, said identification means being mounted to identify both the sample and the carrier at the time said bulk sample is taken at a first location near a medical patient,
d. transporting said bulk sample, container, carrier, and identification to a plurality of locations for conducting a plurality of analyses, said sample, container, carrier and identification remaining together from the first location through the completion of the last of said analyses at said second location,
e. sipping discrete samples from said bulk sample for automatic analysis, said bulk sample remaining in its original container through the completion of the last of said analyses at said second location,
f. Combining the results of said automatic analyses and the identification carried by said coded means.
5. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises reading said coded identification by optical scanning, wherein said identification is coded on said marker.
6. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises reading said coded identification by magnetic sensing, wherein said identification comprises at least one permeable character.
7. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises reading said coded identification by punch card indicia wherein said identification is punch coded on said marker.
8. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises transporting said carrier from station to station by a transmission means and guide means molded on said carrier.
9. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises elevating said container to a predetermined height to enable the automatic processing machinery to sip discrete samples from the bulk sample.
10. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises recording the identification carried by said identification marker in a central memory bank for reference in separate analysis operations and separate printouts of test results, medical histories, and customer bills.
11. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises centrifuging the bulk sample in the container, after said container has been placed in said carrier and identified by before said automatic analysis is begun.
12. A method of conducting an analysis as claimed in claim 4 which further comprises optically analyzing said bulk sample by projecting an optically deformable beam through an opening defined in said carrier, said beam passing through the container and said bulk sample.
13. A reusable carrier for use in coupling a medical sample to be analyzed with an identification code while conducting said analysis, comprising a. a stable base member,
b. support means extending upwardly from said base member to support a separate test tube container in an upright position, said test tube containing said sample to be analyzed, said support means providing structural support for said test tube while the sample in said test tube is being analyzed,
0. said support means defining at least one opening in said carrier immediately adjacent said test tube to enable an analyzing beam generated externally of said carrier to impinge upon said test tube,
d. a planar identification marker for displaying said identification code, said marker identifying said sample from the time it is drawn from a patient to the completion of said analysis,
e. guide means for slidably receiving and securing said planar identification marker, said means being defined by the walls of said upwardly extending support means.
14. A reusable carrier as claimed in claim 13 which further comprises transmission means mounted on said carrier to engage a corresponding transmission means mounted on said carrier to engage a corresponding transmission means in an automatic analyzer, said transmission means being adapted to transport the carrier and its test tube from station to station during analysis.
15. A carrier as claimed in claim 13 wherein said support means further defined a first and second engaging abutments, said abutments adapted to engage a standard centrifuge.
16. A carrier as claimed in claim 15 wherein said first and second engaging abutments comprise projecting lips extending outwardly from the center axis of said carrier in opposite directions, said lips being mounted on the uppermost portion of the support means to engage a centrifuge trunnion ring.
17. A carrier as claimed in claim 13 wherein said identification means further comprises at least one optically readable character.
18. A carrier as claimed in claim 13 wherein said identification means further comprises at least one magnetically readable character.
19. A carrier as claimed in claim 13 wherein said identification means further comprise a surface defining at least one punch coded opening.
l= l =l
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
William Canton
Our favorite heroes live forever in their stories and in our memories, cheering us forward in our own brave fights.
For you who love heroic things
In summer dream or winter tale,
I tell of warriors, siants, and kings,
In scarlet, sackcloth, glittering mail,
And helmets peaked with iron wings.
They beat down Wrong; they strove for Right.
In ringing fields, on grappled ships,
Singing, they flung into the fight.
They fell with triumph on their lips,
And in their eyes a glorious light.
That light still gleams. From far away
Their brave song greets us like a cheer.
We fight the same great fight as they,
Right againgst Wrong; we, now and here;
They, in their fashion, yesterday.
Text copyright © 1997 by William J. Bennett

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Arcade Theatre
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419 South 900 West,Salt Lake City, UT 84104
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The Arcade opened in 1931 just west of downtown Salt Lake City. It was a free standing building with a very plain facade. It did have a small V shaped marquee and a rather large vertical.
It operated until 1991 when it closed. It was demolished in 2000.
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Here's some info about "Eat the View", the campaign to urge the next President to plant a garden at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.
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Sir Richard Ansell
1 portrait of Sir Richard Ansell
© estate of Kenneth Hughes / National Portrait Gallery, London
Sir Richard Ansell
by Anthony Buckley
modern bromide print from original negative, 1953
14 3/4 in. x 11 7/8 in. (375 mm x 302 mm)
Bequeathed by Kenneth Hughes, 1995
Photographs Collection
NPG x76046
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Sir Richard Ansell. Sitter in 1 portrait.
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- Anthony Buckley (1912-1993), Photographer. Artist associated with 214 portraits, Sitter in 1 portrait.


text:
PULLMAN, Wash. - Ashley Sweat scored 30 points to help No. 22 Kansas State match the best start in school history with a 74-58 win over Washington State yesterday.
Marlies Gipson added 16 points and a season-best 13 rebounds for the Wildcats, whose 11-0 record equals the mark set by the 1968-69 team.
Jazmine Perkins led Washington State (7-4) with 18 points. Heather Molzen had her second double-double of the season with 13 points and a team-high 11 rebounds. Rosie Tarnowski and April Cook each had 10 points for the Cougars.
Kansas State led by as many as 12 in the first half at 29-17, but Washington State wouldn't back down as the Cougars closed the half on a 13-4 run.
Leading only 53-51, Kansas State used an 8-0 run to put the game away.
Washington State kicks off its Pac-10 season next Saturday against Washington in Seattle.


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Every now and then I see an advertising campaign that really takes me by surprise and compels me to gush over it publicly. While I suppose there is no particular recipe for the campaigns that really draw me in, I have noticed a strong emotional component and a conscious effort to sell the company, rather than the company's products. A prime example is the Chevy Run's Deep campaign from several years ago that included the blank check commercial; a commercial I still can't watch without getting chills.
Into the fold jumps Dick's Sporting Goods with it's Sports Matter campaign. The campaign includes several one minute long commercials which do a great job of demonstrating exactly why sports matter. One shows a high school baseball player coping with the death of his grandfather. One shows a high school lacrosse player using sports as a respite from her demanding life chock full of adult responsibilities. And another shows a high school basketball player learning how to be a better teammate and not such an a-hole. It seems that the contemporary public perception of sports is set by professional sports and "big money" NCAA events. But those things do not represent the true value of sports. Having been fortunate enough to participate in sports at both the high school and Division II college level, I can confidently say that these commercials do as good of a job as you can do in one minute demonstrating why sports (an activity that Dick's happens to sell products for) are important to the development of young people. Sports at that level (i.e. where 99.5% of athletes participate) are not about fame and dollars. They're about self-improvement, friendship, dedication, and perseverance; all things that are transferable to other aspects of life.
Click here for video.
I think this is an ingenious campagain. Sports as a whole kind of has an image problem right now with overpaid athletes repeatedly getting themselves into legal trouble, the NFL concussion scandal, PED's, and many other things that I can't rattle off right now. Rather than going down the tired old road of athlete endorsements, Dicks' takes a different tack and shoots for the heart and soul of the ordinary athlete. Although I've watched a lot of TV commercials, I'm having difficulty recalling anything that captures the spirit of sport as well as this campaign. I think the closest was probably the "find your greatness" campaign by Nike which included this gem. But that's still a level below what Dick's is doing right now.
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dark phoenix 123
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Sandalwood by Art of Shaving
many people probably get a bit turned off by the initial medicinal blast... i might be weird, but i quite like that certain medicinal / herbal quality in my scents. the drydown, as u would have known from the numerous reviews, is simply heavenly... such a clean aromatic sandalwood note that, when mixed with the lingering medicinal scent, is actually really good. one of my favourites.
17th October, 2011


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Posted: Friday, April 3, 2015 10:02 AM
Simply the most adorable Toy French Bulldog puppies you will find in the New york area on Long Island....All my babies have lush stunning coats and perfect "v" shaped ears....boy and girl puppies with Baby doll faces and heavy wrinkles are ready for forever homes now.. ... my puppies have shots and use wee wee pads......My puppies do well in a an apartment or a Home... from 12-25 pounds full grown.....The puppy colors blue, blue/fawn, cream, red, fawn, black, and some piebalds....I am a real person on Long Island with real puppies, this is not an internet purchase....I am licensed by new york state,#873.....visit us in the Woodbury/Huntington area of Long Island, 40 min out of NYC......I do provide FREE vet care with all of my puppies....You will also receive 1 hour of FREE in home training...All of my puppies are healthy and tested.....prices start at $1950 and I accept credit cards.... call me at 631-923-3112...These are the most spectacular litters ever!
• Location: Bronx, Brooklyn, Long Island, Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island, Westchester, Huntington, Long Island
• Post ID: 48524574 newyork
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text: Join the world's best-known and most beloved terrier/pterodactyl, Lily, her fourteen-year-old "owner," Celeste Quince, and the rest of PAWS (Private Army of Warrior Sleuths), Fuzzy Wally MacGee (a Chinese Crested/rhino), Lucy Marmoset Higgins (a Great Dane/orangutan), and Prince Alphonse Saed (a miniature dachsund/Mountain Lion) as they attempt to foil the latest plans of the scarlet Macaw Frankie Sinister and the Scarlet SNURFLES. The claim they want to develop an alternative energy source, but when the ghosts of Arkansas start disappearing from their favorite haunts, it looks like it's a case for Lily, Celeste, and PAWS. How can they say "No," when the request comes from the "Bandit Queen," the ghost of Belle Starr? Read about their exciting and often humorous sleuthing adventures as they travel throughout Arkansas encountering ghosts (both good and diabolically evil) ! Also, be sure to read the first book in the exciting new series, Lily, Unleashed!


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FAIRVIEW, Ore. Recent population growth has ushered in an increase in crime to the city of Fairview, and the department s police chief said his small staff is struggling to keep up.
On Tuesday morning, a man was shot inside an apartment after police responded to reports of a man talking to himself, said Chief Ken Johnson of the Fairview police.
The incident comes less than a month after another officer involved shooting and two months after a woman was found murdered in Fairview s Blue Lake Park.
Johnson said recent population growth in east Multnomah County has increased crime, putting a strain on the small police department that employs 15 officers and has only one who patrols at night.
This is not typical at all for this little town, Johnson said. What it is telling us is that we're continuing, as growth spreads out east, that our small city is having great difficulty keeping up with the influx of problems in our town.
The officer involved in Tuesday's shooting was put on paid administrative leave, which is protocol for a shooting investigation.
Johnson said the reduced staff is taxing the department's already limited resources.
We're hurting staff-wise already, he said. This is an extremely stressful time for us.
Johnson said he hopes the city council takes notice of the rise in crime in the Fairview area and increase the police department's budget so he can hire additional officers.
KGW Reporter Nina Mehlhaf contributed to this report.


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When I saw the cover of the summer 2014 issue of Knits, I fell in love with the cover sweater, the Kayleen Pullover. I've been looking for a new pattern, and this is it!
Finished Size 32½ (34¾, 38, 40½, 43½, 46)" bust circumference. Pullover shown at left measures 32½", modeled with 3" of negative ease.
Yarn Juniper Moon Farm Sabine (40% cotton, 30% royal llama, 30% merino wool; 218 yd [199 m]/3 1/2 oz [100 g]): #014 muscadine, 3 (3, 4, 4, 4, 5) skeins. Yarn distributed by Knitting Fever.
Needles Body and sleeves—size 6 (4 mm): 24" circular (cir). Applied I‑cord-size 5 (3.75 mm): two double-pointed (dpn). Adjust needle size if necessary to obtain the correct gauge.
Notions Markers (m); cable needle (cn); stitch holders; tapestry needle.
Gauge 20 sts and 30 rnds = 4" in St st on larger needle.
Sabine yarn in the sungold colorway
This pattern only goes up to a 46" bust, so I'm going to need to upsize it to a 52" or 53" bust. I'll share the math with you as I figure it out. This one will be pretty easy to resize. I'm a pear shape, so I'll cast on more stitches at the beginning and decrease quickly when I get to the waist.I'm going to use Juniper Moon Farm Sabine, which is the yarn the designer used, but I'm going with a pretty yellow/gold called Sungold. I can't wait to get my yarn and get started! Won't you join me?You'll need to get a copy of Interweave Knits Winter 2014; did you know you can get a digital subscription? Get Interweave Knits delivered to you on your tablet or computer!Cheers,
P.S. Check into the Kayleen Pullover forum and let us know what yarn you'll be using for your Kayleen!
I have also just reached the cable pattern. I started with everyone else and thanks to all the valuable advice posted by faster knitters, I was not stymied by the twisted-ness for joining in the round, and successfully made the turn in the hem, avoiding the slant that plagued some. Just after I joined the hem in late May, I got the word that I was being transferred to Albania (from northern VA). There really wasn't any time to think about anything other than moving chores, and then the challenge of settling into a new job once we arrived in Tirana in early July. I picked up the project again about a month ago, and got as far as the pattern, wimped out because I'm not a very experienced knitter and finished another project that gave me some confidence. I can do cables and follow a pattern, but haven't mastered short rows or i-cord. Still, I've come this far, and I know I can do it, given enough time - and patience.
Does anyone know if there is a knitting group (that speaks English) in Tirana?
Thanks, ladies, for the updates, tips, fellowship and encouragement. I'll post it - whenever I'm finished, which I hope won't be much longer.
I am on the last sleeve. I will post modifications and observations when I post the photos. It's been a pretty fun knit!
I am going to make this sweater. I have never made a fitted sweater before. How do I figure out the correct bust size? I do not understand the 3 inches of negative ease. Any help would be appreciated.
Glad I didn't pay for and download a copy of "Interweave Knits Winter 2014" as the article said to - it's not in that issue! It's in SUMMER 2014.
I need to size up, too. What are the ease recommendations? When does the KAL start? And why, gosh darn it, aren't more stylish patterns created for us plus sized gals?
I'll need to resize to a 50" plus add about 2 - 3" to sleeves. How much yarn will I need? Thanks.
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Among the Veteran's Day celebrations in Durant yesterday was the annual Veteran's Day Parade followed by a ceremony on celebrating our veterans.
Highlights of this year's parade included two veterans serving as Parade Marshals, J.(Jay) H. Thomas Jr., who served in WWII and Captain Justin Cassidy who served in Iraq, as well as students from Rock Creek Elementary marching with signs honoring veterans.
The ceremony following the parade took place on the Bryan County Courthouse front lawn. After state and local officials spoke and gave thanks to veterans, citizens lined up to shake hands and thank the veterans personally.
Students from Rock Creek Elementary school who were in the parade were the first to thank the veterans.
Vietnam veteran and VFW Post 3916 Chaplin Lynn Skocdopole said that Bryan County has a large veteran community of approximately 3,600.
He said that Veteran's Day means a lot to these men and women.
"It's very meaningful to know they're appreciated for their efforts," said Skocdopole.
Skocdopole recalled that during the time of the Vietnam War, soldiers were met with negativity upon return and is he thankful to everybody who shows appreciation to these veterans now.
Parade Marshal Jay Thomas Jr. said he is glad that he served and grateful to be alive now. Thomas was drafted into the military shortly after he married.
"We thought we would have at least a year," said Thomas as he recalled that the draft age changed from 21 to 18 just after he was married at age 19.
He said that he is proud to be a veteran and glad to see those children giving thanks to veterans.
"It makes your heart throb," said Thomas, as he described the children in the parade and those lining the streets to say "thank you" at the parade.
Several other veterans arrived to greet citizens during the ceremony as well. All receiving thanks from citizens from all across Bryan County.


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Le Logis du Pressoir
from £46 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
from £46 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Contact the advertiser to confirm the total cost.
Gite / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6
Availability Your dates are available
Gite / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6
|Key Info
Children adore the freedom to explore and play in our extensive grounds, while parents relax close by. Great care has been taken in the renovation to preserve its unique features and charm whilst providing every comfort and high quality amenities.
Our gite is well equipped for your self-catering needs; family and French cookery enthusiasts alike. Guests always comment on our attention to detail and the child friendly nature of the property.
Enjoy our heated pool, boules, table tennis, bikes and great walking and cycling straight from the garden. After a day sightseeing, it's the perfect place to take a dip, read, paint, or just unwind with an aperitif.
|Sleeps up to 6, 3 bedrooms
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car advised
|Nearest Amenities
|1 km
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Tours 60 km, Nearest railway: Angers 30 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages, Suitable for people with restricted mobility
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Internet access, DVD player
|Shared outdoor pool (heated)
|Central heating, TV, CD player, Telephone, Table tennis, Safe, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi available
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Clothes dryer, Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms and 2 En suites
|Double beds (2), Single beds (2), Cots (2), Dining seats for 6, Lounge seats for 6
|Linen provided, Towels provided, High chair
|Shared outdoor pool (heated), Balcony or terrace, Shared garden, Bicycles available, Swing set
|Further details indoors
Our gite has been refurbished to a high standard to offer both comfort and modern living, without losing the character of our 18th Century property.
The kitchen is well equipped so that cooking is relaxed with everything to hand and each cottage has it's own barbeque and private terrace.
|Further details outdoors
Ideal for families, we welcome children and have several areas set aside for fun and sport (a play area with wendy house and swings and slide), football area, table tennis and boules. Picnic tables are set under cherry trees to allow for guests to get together and make the most of sunny days.
For anyone seeking a quiet spot for a relaxing read and aperitif, there are lots of shady, secluded areas in the garden to hide away. We offer off street parking in our private car park.
There are great walks (or cycle rides) straight from the gardens, around the village and woods and beyond.
The Pays de la Loire region
A superb area to visit for those who are historically minded as well as those who just enjoy meandering around beautiful places. Angers, Saumur, Chinon and Tours are all to be explored for their historic buildings, Chateaux, gastronomy and boutiques.
The Loire Valley offers a gentle climate, with beautifully warm Spring and Autumn days and hot, sunny Summers that still allow for enjoyable sight seeing.
Within a short drive of le Logis du Pressoir are some of the prettiest villages bordering the Loire river. Relax at a riverside cafe or restaurant and walk along the banks of the river in early evening to see the gorgeous sunsets and hot air balloons rising above the horizon.
Boat trips along the Loire are a must and for the more active, kayaking is great fun. Trek through the ancient hunting forests for the Kings of France by horse or bike and you are bound to come across a local festival taking place, celebrating the vineyards, orchards and gastronomy of this wonderful region.
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16 Jan 2015
"We're back again this summer!!"
I've always considered people who return to the same holiday destination year after year to be a bit dull - but that's all changed since we discovered Le Logis du Pressoir. We're booke… More
30 Dec 2014
"Press on."
Without doing myself out of a place to stay Le Pressoir is heaven, if like us, you just want to relax and enjoy France. The gites are all lovely and individual, and well, it's just like home but … More
6 Jun 2014
"A stunning place and amazing hosts. We cannot wait to go back!"
Le Logis du Pressoir is amazing! Our gite was really well equipped with everything you would ever need and more. It is perfect for families, especially those with young children with every tiny deta… More
23 May 2014
"We would recommend it with all our heart!"
We had an amazing vacation there. Lisa and Mark were available for anything we needed and ready to help at any time. There is a lot of outdoor space and many many toys to play with, and our son really… More
16 May 2014
"Stunning gites with great facilities for children and charming hosts."
We had a wonderful experience at Les Lauriers and would certainly stay again. The gite was really beautifully converted and in great condition. We had everything we needed for our baby and toddler fro… More
16 Sep 2013
"Well presented holiday accomodation."
As a family of 4 adults, one child and a baby we enjoyed this location very much. The owners have a super property well looked after and offer any and all assistance required. We found the heated pool… More
4 Jun 2013
"Little piece of paradise"
Le Logis du Pressoir was wonderful! It is a little piece of paradise.
It is set in beautiful grounds, which is very child friendly including pool, cubby house, and outdoor kids bikes and toys. The accommodation had meticulous attention to detail - it felt like we were staying at home! The freshly ground coffee beans were a god send, as was the quality finishings (everything from fluffy towels to quality hair dryers - the ladies with long hair will appreciate what I mean!). Our accommodation included everything you could need travelling with children - books, toys, high chair, portacots, baths, etc.
Lisa and Mark were wonderful (especially with a very inquisitive 4 year old!), and made organising our travel plans from Australia very easy. They also had gone to a lot of effort to prepare guest information, with everything from maps to recommended places to eat. They were always willing to help with bookings requiring French (of which we had none!).
We had a hire car, and found locating it very easy with the instructions provided by Lisa. The nearest town, Brion, is walking distance, but Beaufort (a 5 minute drive away) is the key spot for necessities. It has a range of options for bakeries, butchers, groceries, etc. and is very quaint. We enjoyed going there very day for our needs. It is also an easy drive to Saumur, and Gennes - with many beautiful French villages overlooking the river to choose from.
We thoroughly enjoyed our time, and are now planning how we can return!
15 May 2013
"Location très agréale dans un cadre charmant"
Nous avons passé une excellente semaine en famille, répartis sur 3 gîtes. Les locations étaient très bien équipées, notamment en jeux et livres d'enfants ce qui est rare. Le logis se situe… More
This advert is created and maintained by the advertiser; we can only publish adverts in good faith as we don't own, manage or inspect any of the properties. We advise you to familiarise yourself with our terms of use.
You're booking with
Lisa W.
- 3 Years listed
75% Response rate
Calendar last updated:26 Mar 2015
Based in France
- English
- French
- Italian
- Landline
- +33 (0) 24 1572 733
- Mobile
- +33 (0) 67 3499 677


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Now, if you go to the Caribbean, they don't look at your eyes. Not because they're lying, but that's the way that they respect. People in America, if you are telling people what you're planning to do, but you're looking to the street, how can they tell if you're telling the truth. I think your eyes are the window of your soul.
Back in the mid-Eighties, there was a silent agreement politically, that the 4th District Common Council seat would go to an African-American. Should there also be a designated Council seat for the Hispanic community?
I think that the person who represents, whether Hispanic, African-American or anybody, has to be a person who is qualified for the job. I don't see myself as running for the Hispanic community. I'm running for everybody, because I believe that senior citizens, the Irish community, the Italian community, the Hispanic community and everybody else has to choose a person that will do the right job for them. If I get elected I have to listen to everybody, not just the Hispanic community. I know that my community is going to be proud once I get elected. But that doesn't mean I will just be for the Hispanic community.
What are the major issues that you want to work on?
One of the issues I would love to work on is education. This is my passion. When you are educated, you have the key to success, and you will be able to open different doors. I know that minorities in the Syracuse school district are dropping out, a lot, left and right. I would like to see that changed. Another thing is the crisis we're going through with the money. I think I'm a very quick learner, so I will learn how to figure out ways to do better with that.
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Brooklyn Nets vs Miami Heat
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Chris Andersen of the Miami Heat looks on against the Brooklyn Nets... News PhotoAmerican Airlines Arena,Basketball - NBA Pro,Basketball - Sport,Brooklyn Nets,Chris Andersen - Basketball Player,Florida - USA,Gulf Coast States,Horizontal,Looking,Match - Sport,Miami,Miami Heat,Sport,USAPhotographer Issac BaldizonCollection: National Basketball Association 2014 NBAEMIAMI, FL - APRIL 8: Chris Andersen #11 of the Miami Heat looks on against the Brooklyn Nets during game on April 8, 2014 at American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2013 NBAE (Photo by Issac Baldizon/NBAE via Getty Images)


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BRAZZEAL Pages (15)
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BRAZZEAL Please Sign the Guestbook @
Cameron (Cam) Brazzeal, a resident of Yulee, FL passed away at home on Saturday, July 20, 2013 after a courageous fight against MDS. Cam was born in Dalton, GA on July 13, 1973 to Rowland and Sherry (Laney) Brazzeal. He grew up in Dalton and then later Chattanooga. He graduated from Notre Dame High School in Chattanooga, TN in 1991 and went on to attend the
University of Georgia
, Valdosta State University and received his doctorate from Argosy University. He was a speech-language pathologist for the Camden County, GA school system for the past 15 years serving elementary aged kids. He was also working as an adjunct instructor at Florida State College of Jacksonville and a dissertation chair at Nova Southeastern University. Cam is survived by his loving and devoted wife of 10 years Ali (Roberts); young sons, Austin & Beau; parents, Rowland & Sherry; sister, Kimm (Mark) Rountree; in-laws, Andrew & Roselynn Roberts; brother-in-law, David Roberts (Amy); nieces, Maddie, Rori Rountree, Hannah Roberts; nephew, Ian Roberts; many other loving relatives, friends and co-workers. Cam was an avid fisherman, boater and a diehard Georgia football fan who never seemed to meet a stranger. He loved taking his boys to Disney, watching the Dawgs and vacationing anywhere with salt water; especially the Keys. Cam will be remembered for his kind and giving heart, his love of family and his fighting spirit (hunker down). The family wishes to thank the wonderfully talented and caring staff of Mayo Clinic/Hospital for the care Cam received. A CELEBRATION OF HIS LIFE will be held on Saturday, August 3, 2013 at 3:00 pm at Memorial United Methodist Church (MUMC), 601 Centre Street, Fernandina Beach, FL. The service will be held in Maxwell Hall. Attire is beach casual with flip- flops encouraged! In lieu of flowers, please make a contribution in Cam s memory to Community Hospice of NE Florida, The Gabriel House of Care or a memorial fund at MUMC that will be used for his sons education. Arrangements entrusted to MARION GRAHAM MORTUARIES, Northside.
Published in the Florida Times-Union on July 28, 2013
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"Cam helped my son Sean with speech for 3yrs. He was the best teacher!! My thoughts and prayers are with..."
- Mary McGee
"He was a great teacher, my daughter had him as her speech teacher for 4 years; she was heart broken when..."
- Ashley Scott
"Cam was an amazing man who I wish I had gotten to know better. He helped me when I needed a hand and..."
- Kelly Pattison
"If you were ever a parent dropping off your child in morning car line at Matilda Harris Elementary you..."
- Brigid White
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- Lara Schermock Smith
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Doody's Review ServiceReviewer: Helen Ewing, DHSc, MN, RN (A. T. Still University)
Description: This is a unique and practical guide to the development of advanced leadership skills in healthcare professionals.
Purpose: The purpose is to provide information and strategies that can be applied to leadership roles in healthcare. The ultimate goal of the book is to provide readers with the extensive preparation necessary to attain higher level leadership competencies. It introduces the theory of the quantum leader, which integrates the principles of transformational leadership with the ideologies of conflict management and change theory, requisites to lead in the current challenging healthcare system.
Audience: The ideal audience includes current leaders in healthcare who are seeking innovative ways to evolve their leadership skills. This book would be an excellent resource for new leaders or healthcare students wanting to know more about the skills required for successful leadership. It also would be helpful for all healthcare professionals, as this group of practitioners typically hold decision-making and team leadership roles.
Features: Each chapter is well designed with learning objectives and good definitions of terminology. Gems or boxed advice are incorporated throughout, providing encouraging strategies to cope with leadership dilemmas. Highlighted boxes display summaries of principles, promoting quick access to the information. The book is well formatted with large print, good use of white space, and bulleting and bolding of headings to enhance navigability. Extensive graphics illustrate complex concepts. Multiple case studies, application exercises, and suggested readings promote reflection on the theory and application of the principles. The principles needed to apply quantum leadership are clearly identified. Many important topics for leaders are addressed: leadership and continuous learning; interpersonal competence; creating a conflict-friendly culture; leadership of constant change; the fully engaged leader; and turning toxic behaviors into transformational actions.
Assessment: This is an excellent guide for leaders who want to advance their leadership skills. The authors are obviously very skilled and knowledge about leadership and organizational behavior. This is a very good resource for all current or future leaders.


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Fleet RP Event Ideas
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Archived Post
Lt. Commander
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 120
# 7
Originally Posted by
I'm trying to find fun ideas that my entire fleet can engage in. Some members of my fleet have shown an interest in a role-playing event, but I am having trouble thinking of any good RP events in-game. Does anybody here have any fun ideas for a fleet to role-play? I would greatly appreciate any assistance.
Best idea I have for an RP type of thing is for a group of people to make the same level characters, agree to meet once a week and do a mission or two, then play out off time. Use the games missions as the adventurous aspect of the campaign, with the inter-personal stuff there to add story like element. It would need some work and input, (and an interested group) but thats the only idea I can add to this thread at the moment.


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Are you Hyunyi Cho?Claim your profile
Publications (20)27.16 Total impact
Article: Goal setting outcomes: Examining the role of goal interaction in influencing the experience and learning outcomes of video game play for earthquake preparedness[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Video game goals are important features of video games. Player's interaction with goals can not only shape the gaming experience by evoking cognitive and affective reactions in players, but also lead to learning outcomes. However, there are few empirical studies on the effects of interacting with game goals, and no previous research has manipulated goal setting. In two experimental studies, participants were randomly assigned to one of the following five conditions: self-set goal repetitive play, assigned goal repetitive play, no-set goal repetitive play, no-set goal single play, and no play. Results show that playing earthquake preparedness video games generates significant learning outcomes; playing repeatedly with self-set goals yields greater learning compared to playing once with no-set goals or not playing; and cognitive reactions mediates the relation between goal interaction and learning. Implications of the results for the design and evaluation of future video games for learning are explored.Computers in Human Behavior 05/2013; 29(3):858–869. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.003 · 2.27 Impact Factor
Article: What Makes a Message Real? The Effects of Perceived Realism of Alcohol- and Drug-Related Messages on Personal Probability Estimation.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Perceived lack of realism in alcohol advertising messages promising positive outcomes and antialcohol and antidrug messages portraying negative outcomes of alcohol consumption has been a cause for public health concern. This study examined the effects of perceived realism dimensions on personal probability estimation through identification and message minimization. Data collected from college students in U.S. Midwest in 2010 (N = 315) were analyzed with multilevel structural equation modeling. Plausibility and narrative consistency mitigated message minimization, but they did not influence identification. Factuality and perceptual quality influenced both message minimization and identification, but their effects were smaller than those of typicality. Typicality was the strongest predictor of probability estimation. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research are provided.Substance Use & Misuse 02/2013; DOI:10.3109/10826084.2012.762528 · 1.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although numerous media literacy interventions have been developed and delivered over the past 3 decades, a comprehensive meta-analytic assessment of their effects has not been available. This study investigates the average effect size and moderators of 51 media literacy interventions. Media literacy interventions had positive effects (d=.37) on outcomes including media knowledge, criticism, perceived realism, influence, behavioral beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. Moderator analyses indicated that interventions with more sessions were more effective, but those with more components were less effective. Intervention effects did not vary by the agent, target age, the setting, audience involvement, the topic, the country, or publication status.Journal of Communication 06/2012; 62(3):454-472. DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01643.x · 2.45 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of gain- and loss-framed messages on the sun safety behavior of adolescents: The moderating role of risk perceptions[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study examined how message framing effects can be moderated by two types of risk: (a) perceived effectiveness in preventing a risk and (b) perceived susceptibility to the risk. The results indicate that the perceived effectiveness moderated framing effects on the intention to use sunscreen such that a loss-framed message was more effective when perceived effectiveness was low, whereas a gain-framed message was more effective when perceived effectiveness was high. In addition, perceived susceptibility to skin cancer moderated framing effects on the intention to use sunscreen and the intention to wear long pants such that a loss-framed message was more effective when perceived susceptibility was high.Journal of Health Psychology 12/2011; 17(6):929-40. DOI:10.1177/1359105311428536 · 1.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated whether and how exposure to tanned images on television is related to tanning attitudes and intentions among men and women, using the influence of presumed influence model (Gunther & Storey, 2003). The model showed a better fit with the male rather than female sample. In addition, among males, exposure to tanned-men images on television was directly associated with protanning attitudes and was indirectly associated with protanning intentions. Corresponding direct and indirect associations were not found among females. Instead, the results suggest females may project their own protanning intentions into the estimation of protanning norms among male and female peers. These results suggest the social perceptual processes underlying the link between television exposure and tanning tendencies of men and women may differ.11/2011; 62(5):508-530. DOI:10.1080/10510974.2011.577500
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ABSTRACT: Adolescents are frequently thought of as having strong desires for independence and defiance of authority. Using psychological reactance theory, this study investigated the effects of gain and loss frame messages advocating sun safety behavior on the perceived threats to freedom of high school-aged adolescents. A loss, rather than a gain, frame message produced greater perceived threats to freedom among adolescents. Perceived threats to freedom were associated with anger, but anger was not associated with attitudes toward behavior. Perceived threats to freedom were not associated with negative cognitions, but more negative cognitions were associated with less positive attitudes toward behavior. Implications of the findings on future research are explored.Communication Research Reports 10/2011; 28(4):308-317. DOI:10.1080/08824096.2011.616242
Article: Genre-specific media and perceptions of personal and social risk of smoking among South Korean college students.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The smoking rate among adult men in South Korea is one of the highest in the world, standing at about 53%. Although various mass media-based educational initiatives have been taken to reduce this rate, their contribution toward the smoking risk perceptions of South Koreans has not been investigated. This study examined the association between genre-specific media exposure and personal and social risk perceptions of smokers and nonsmokers. Data from a survey of 558 South Korean college students (39% smokers) show that genre-specific media exposure differentially predicts personal and social risk perceptions of smokers and nonsmokers. News media exposure predicted smokers' personal risk perceptions, whereas entertainment media exposure predicted nonsmokers' personal risk perceptions. Exposure to a hybrid genre, health infotainment, predicted social risk perceptions, but not personal risk perceptions, of both smokers and nonsmokers. High rates of exposure to medical documentary were associated with low personal risk perceptions of nonsmokers, but not smokers. These results collectively suggest that mixed-media strategies may effectively address perceptions of personal and social risk of smoking. Suggestions for future research, and theoretical and practical implications, are offered.Journal of Health Communication 02/2011; 16(5):533-49. DOI:10.1080/10810730.2010.546488 · 1.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated whether and how dimensions of perceived realism of television medical dramas are linked to perceptions of physicians. The three dimensions of perceived realism were considered: plausibility, typicality, and narrative consistency. Data from a survey of college students were examined with confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Across the three dramas (ER, Grey's Anatomy, and House), narrative consistency predicted positive perceptions about physicians. Perceived plausibility and typicality of the medical dramas showed no significant association with perceptions about physicians. These results illustrate the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of perceived realism and the importance of narrative consistency in influencing social beliefs.Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications 01/2011; 23(3):141-148. DOI:10.1027/1864-1105/a000047 · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated whether magazine exposure is related to stereotypical beliefs about tanned women. A survey of White college women (n=205) assessed their exposure to beauty/fashion and health/fitness magazines. Outcome variables were the beliefs that tanned women are fashionable, fit, and shallow. Attention to the tanned women's images in health magazines positively predicted the belief that tanned women are fit and that tanned women are shallow; in contrast, attention to the images in beauty magazine negatively predicted the belief that tanned women are fit. Number of beauty magazines women read negatively predicted the belief that tanned women are shallow. The belief that tanned women are fit was unrelated, but the belief that tanned women are shallow was negatively related, with tanning attitudes.Body image 09/2010; 7(4):364-7. DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.04.002 · 2.19 Impact Factor
Article: Predictors and the role of attitude toward the message and perceived message quality in gain- and loss-frame antidrug persuasion of adolescents.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study examines predictors and the role of attitude toward the message and perceived message quality in the gain- and loss-framed antidrug persuasion of adolescents. Identification predicted the perceived effectiveness of gain- but not loss-frame ads, whereas perceived realism contributed to the perceived effectiveness of both frame ads. Positive affect predicted the attitude toward the gain-frame ads, whereas negative affect predicted the perceived quality of the loss-frame ads. Attitude toward the message was a stronger predictor of the effectiveness of gain-frame ads, while perceived message quality but not attitude toward the message was correlated with the effectiveness of loss-frame ads. Discussion focuses on implications for formative evaluation of health communication campaign messages.Health Communication 06/2010; 25(4):303-11. DOI:10.1080/10410231003773326 · 0.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using theories on group identity and voluntary risk taking, data gathered through seven focus groups involving 43 fraternity members were analyzed to understand the ways in which the members construct the problems of and solutions to excessive drinking. Control emerged as a metaconcept that is both an undercurrent and interconnection to the expressed opinions. The possession and practice of control discriminated three levels of in-group versus out-group membership. Perspectives on solutions were predicated upon the perceived risk of lack of control and intergroup dynamics. Implications on intervention and policy efforts are discussed.Health Communication 04/2010; 25(3):212-20. DOI:10.1080/10410231003698887 · 0.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the association between theoretically grounded psychosocial motivators and the sun safety practice intentions of rural youth. A survey was given to 219 members of FFA (Future Farmers of America) at high schools in the rural Midwest (average age = 16). Perceived self-efficacy, peer norms, response efficacy, and susceptibility predicted protective clothing and sunscreen use intentions. Among boys, perceived norms among same-sex peers; but among girls, norms among both same- and opposite-sex peers, were significant. Self-efficacy should be an important component of sun safety education for rural youth. Gender-specific peer norms should also be addressed.American journal of health behavior 01/2010; 34(4):412-9. DOI:10.5993/AJHB.34.4.3 · 1.31 Impact Factor
Article: Influences of norm proximity and norm types on binge and non‐binge drinkers: examining the under‐examined aspects of social norms interventions on college campuses[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Aims: Social norms interventions for reducing excessive drinking on college campuses have reported mixed results. In an attempt to understand the inconsistencies, this study examined some of the under‐examined aspects of the social norms approach. Design: A cross‐sectional survey of undergraduate students at two large mid‐western universities in the USA was conducted. Norm proximity (campus vs. friends' norms), norm types (descriptive vs. injunctive norms), and college drinker types (frequent binge drinkers, occasional binge drinkers, and non‐binge drinkers) were differentiated. Findings: The influences of friends' norms are stronger than those of campus and those of descriptive norms are stronger than injunctive norms. Friends' descriptive norms influenced frequent and occasional binge drinkers' behavior most strongly, whereas the campus descriptive norm and self‐efficacy influenced non‐binge drinkers' behavior. Conclusions: Proximity and types of norms as well as types of college drinkers will need to be distinguished in the future design and evaluation of social norms interventions.Journal of Substance Use 07/2009; 11(6):417-429. DOI:10.1080/14659890600738982 · 0.48 Impact Factor
Article: Personal, Social, and Cultural Correlates of Self-Efficacy Beliefs Among South Korean College Smokers[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Much research has documented the significant influence of self-efficacy on smoking cessation, but considerably less is known as to what health communicators can do to promote or address barriers to self-efficacy. This study investigated personal, social, and cultural correlates of smoking self-efficacy. A survey of college smokers was done in South Korea, where the current smoking rate among males is over 56%. At the personal level, the perceived success-fullness of the last quit trial positively predicted self-efficacy. At the social level, interpersonal communication with friends was positively associated with self-efficacy. The cultural orientation of independent self-construal was positively associated with self-efficacy. These results indicate that factors affecting smokers' self-efficacy are operative in multiple domains and levels. Future communication programs should promote positive perceptions about prior quit trials, and segment the audience in terms of their self-construal to effectively enhance self-efficacy.Health Communication 07/2009; 24(4):337-45. DOI:10.1080/10410230902889381 · 0.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Improving the effectiveness of antidrug ads is an important public health concern. Central to achieving this aim is identifying the message strategies that address the differential characteristics of adolescent audiences. This study examined the effects of gain versus loss frame antidrug ads on adolescents with different social and behavioral characteristics. A posttest-only experiment was conducted to examine if these audience factors moderate the effects of message framing. Loss-frame messages, rather than gain-frame messages, were more persuasive for adolescents who report that their friends use drugs. Neither gain nor loss framing had a persuasive advantage for adolescents who report that their friends do not use drugs, although this outcome may be the result of a ceiling effect. Implications of the results for future theory and research are discussed.Journal of Communication 08/2008; 58(3):428 - 446. DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00393.x · 2.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The perceived as well as actual (in) effectiveness of anti-drug ads has been prominent in public discourse and concern. Using the third person effect hypothesis, this study examined adolescents' perceptions on the effect of anti-drug ads and the perception's relationship to attitudes and intentions concerning drug use. The results suggested that adolescents estimated the anti-drug ad effect on the basis of their behavioral experience, the self-anchored expectancy of a pro-social media effect: Those who had used drugs anticipated the effect of anti-drug ads to be smaller than those who had not used drugs. The perceived informative realism of anti-drug ads influenced the perceived message quality, which in turn influenced the perceived effect on self. The perceived effect on self was positively associated with anti-drug attitudes and intentions. The implications on future third person perception research and anti-drug campaign efforts are discussed.Communication Research 04/2008; 35(2):169-189. DOI:10.1177/0093650207313158 · 2.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Health communication campaigns, as an outcome of and an input into the social process, can create unintended as well as intended effects. The present paper represents an initial conceptual treatment of the unintended effects, the less studied of the two. It suggests that unintended effects can manifest in multiple dimensions, including those of time lapse, levels of analysis, audience types, content specificity, and valence. On these dimensions, a typology organizes available evidence to offer an outlook on 11 types of unintended effects, including obfuscation, dissonance, boomerang, epidemic of apprehension, desensitization, culpability, opportunity cost, social reproduction, social norming, enabling, and system activation. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.Journal of Communication 06/2007; 57(2):293 - 317. DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00344.x · 2.45 Impact Factor
Article: Fear appeals for individuals in different stages of change: intended and unintended effects and implications on public health campaigns.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study represents an initial attempt to examine the intended and unintended effects of fear appeals among individuals in different stages of change. Toward this end, a pilot study investigated the effects of fear appeals promoting skin cancer preventive behavior among college students. After being exposed to fear appeals, individuals who were in the precontemplation stage indicated a greater likelihood of thinking defensively and fatalistically regarding the facts on health risk than those who had intended to engage in or who had previously engaged in preventive behavior. Concurrently, after being exposed to fear appeals, those who were in the precontemplation stage reported less favorable attitudes toward message recommendations, weaker intentions to engage in recommended behavior, and less performance of preventive behavior than those who had contemplated or had previously engaged in preventive behavior. Implications of these results on future public health campaigns are discussed.Health Communication 02/2006; 20(1):91-9. DOI:10.1207/s15327027hc2001_9 · 0.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the readiness to change of college heavy drinkers and their normative and self-efficacy beliefs. A multiple regression method analyzed the association in a heavy-drinker subsample (n=306; men = 53.3%) drawn from a survey of a convenience sample of college students in two large-size midwestern universities. Precontemplation was most strongly associated with the descriptive and injunctive norms of campus peers as well as friends. Contemplation was significantly associated with descriptive and injunctive norms of friends. The size of association between readiness and normative beliefs decreased as the readiness progressed. Both precontemplation and contemplation were negatively associated with self-efficacy. Differences in readiness to change are related to different normative and self-efficacy beliefs to different degrees. Incorporating these differences could improve the effectiveness of future interventions. In particular, addressing friends' norms in addition to campus norms could help increase self-efficacy and facilitate the behavioral change process of college heavy drinkers.Journal of studies on alcohol 02/2006; 67(1):131-8. DOI:10.15288/jsa.2006.67.131
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ABSTRACT: Food services and nutrition education are priorities for the Coordinated School Health Program in Massachusetts, which is a CDC funded partnership between the Massachusetts Departments of Education and Public Health. Despite funding and resources provided by governmental and non-governmental agencies, schools are facing barriers in effectively creating a healthy nutritional environment. A qualitative survey was conducted to understand barriers to implementing quality lunch and nutrition education programs perceived by superintendents, principals, food service directors, nurses, and health educators in Massachusetts. The results suggest that while funding can initially enable schools to provide quality lunch, but without changes in students' preference for unhealthy food and parental and community involvement in fostering students' healthy eating behavior, the lunch programs cannot achieve a sustainable success. Lack of opportunity for communication among food service staff, health educators, and teachers appears to hinder the coordination necessary to promote school lunch as well as school-wide nutrition education. Respondents acknowledged that the state's academic assessment system is the priority issue in their schools, but expressed that the interests and initiatives of superintendents and principals in the lunch and nutrition education programs can be enhanced. Overall, the results suggest that successful implementation of quality lunch and nutrition education programs require not only the collaborative efforts of school administration and staff but also the support of parents, community, and the mass media.Journal of Community Health 11/2004; 29(5):421-35. DOI:10.1023/B:JOHE.0000038656.32950.45 · 1.28 Impact Factor
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