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A scanning laser ophthalmoscope incorporates adaptive optics to compensate for wavefront aberrations in the eye. Light from a light source is scanned onto the retina. Light reflected from the retina is detected for imaging and is also used for wavefront sensing. The sensed wavefront aberrations are used to control an adaptive optic device, such as a deformable mirror, disposed in the path of the light from the source in order to compensate for the aberrations.
1. A method of imaging an area of a retina of a living eye, the method comprising:
(a) providing light from a light source;
(b) injecting the light from the light source into a common optical path;
(c) performing a two-dimensional transverse scan of a focused spot of the light from the light source on the area of the retina such that the light is stationary at a pupil plane of the living eye;
(d) receiving light reflected from the focused spot on the retina back into the common optical path;
(e) from a first portion of the light reflected from the retina, detecting a wavefront aberration of the eye;
(f) disposing an adaptive optical element in the common optical path between the light source and the eye;
(g) controlling the adaptive optical element to compensate for the wavefront aberration in the light scanned on the area of the retina to project the focused spot onto the retina;
(h) controlling the adaptive optical element to compensate for the wavefront aberration in the light reflected from the focused spot on the retina back into the common optical path; and
(i) from a second portion of the light reflected from the retina, producing an image of the area of the retina.
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step (i) is performed with a photodetector; and
the method further comprises providing a beam splitter in the common optical path to split the light reflected from the retina between the Hartmann-Shack detector and the photodetector.
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21. A system for imaging an area of a retina of a living eye, the system comprising:
a light delivery section, comprising a light source, for providing light from the light source and for injecting the light from the light source into a common optical path;
a scanning section for performing a transverse two-dimensional scan of a focused spot of the light from the light source on the area of the retina light is stationary at a pupil plane of the living eye and such that light reflected from the focused spot on the retina is received back into the common optical path;
a wavefront sensing section, receiving a first portion of the light reflected from the retina, for detecting a wavefront aberration of the eye;
a wavefront compensation section, comprising an adaptive optical element disposed in the common optical path between the light source and the eye, for compensating for the wavefront aberration in the scanned on the area of the retina to project the focused spot onto the retina and for compensating for the wavefront aberration in the light reflected from the focused spot on the retina back into the common optical path; and
a light detection section, receiving a second portion of the light reflected from the retina, for producing an image of the area of the retina.
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the light detection section comprises a photodetector; and
the system further comprises a beam splitter in the common optical path for splitting the light reflected from the retina between the Hartmann-Shack detector and the photodetector.
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This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 10/231,491 filed on Aug. 30, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,076, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/316,173, filed Aug. 30, 2001.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/316,173, filed Aug. 30, 2001, whose disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present disclosure.
The present invention was developed under NIH Grant No. R1 EY 13299-01 and NSF Grant No. AST 9876783. The government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention is directed to scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLO) and methods of using them, and more particularly to such ophthalmoscopes and methods of using them which involve the use of adaptive optics (AO) to compensate for wavefront aberrations in the eye under examination.
The development of ocular imaging has progressed since the first scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) was disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,213,678. The first patent relating to imaging the ocular fundus while correcting for eye aberrations was Bille's patent titled, "Method and Apparatus for forming an image of the ocular fundus" (U.S. Pat. No. 4,579,430). A scanning laser ophthalmoscope for high lateral-resolution imaging was developed which was capable of imaging a living human eye but did not use adaptive optics (AO) and had limited resolution at the microscopic level.
The first published report of using AO in a SLO was by Dreher et al, "Active optical depth resolution improvement of the laser tomographic scanner," App. Opt. 28, 804–808 (1989), to improve the axial resolution of their instrument. The authors of that article did not use a wavefront sensor to measure the aberrations of the eye, and their wavefront corrector was used only to compensate for the astigmatism of the eye. Similarly, the axial resolution of a SLO has been improved by using a rigid contact lens to eliminate the aberrations of the cornea, and modest improvements in a fundus image has been obtained with a fundus camera equipped with a membrane deformable mirror. Liang et al, "Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 2884–2892 (1997), used an ophthalmoscope equipped with AO to image microscopic structures in the retina, but they did not apply the technology to a SLO.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,095,651, a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and wavefront compensation device are used to measure the high-order aberrations of the eye. A Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor was also used by Bille in U.S. Pat. No. 6,155,684 to measure aberrations for wavefront compensation as a means to improve vision. A modified Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is described by Williams et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,986, wherein a method for real time measurement of the aberrations of the eye is described.
Therapeutic applications of SLOs with AO include microphotocoagulation and photodynamic therapy. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,186,628, Van de Velde describes the use of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an adaptive element for microphotocoagulation and photodynamic therapy. The wavefront sensing technique, described in another patent, entitled "Scanning laser ophthalmoscope for retinal microphotocoagulation and measurement of wavefront aberrations" (U.S. Pat. No. 5,943,117) employs a SLO to measure the wavefront aberrations of the eye. This technique is not used widely.
Although there are a number of patents covering SLO's, they do not propose a method for wavefront sensing whereby the light path is scanned/descanned using the same optics and light source as that used for imaging the ocular fundus. Methods that do not use the same optics for wavefront sensing and light detection are subject to a common phenomena called "non-common path errors," where the aberrations on the path to the wavefront sensor are different than those reaching the light detector for imaging.
By implementing AO to measure and correct high-order aberrations in an areal imaging system, such as a CCD camera or a film camera, the quality of retinal images will be improved. However, areal imaging techniques are limited in that they cannot suppress light from layers in front of or behind the focal plane of the ophthalmoscope. Because of this limitation, the images may have high resolution, but will suffer from low contrast because of scattered light from structures outside of the best focal plane.
To date, there has been no successful application of AO into a SLO. The one previous design published by Dreher et al. did not include wavefront sensing in the measurement. The benefits of AO cannot be realized without wavefront sensing being an integral part of the system. Bille's above-cited patent describes a design for a SLO that integrates a wavefront sensor into the design, but it does not use the same path as the light detection path and is therefore subject to the problem of non-common path errors.
It will be apparent from the above that a need exists in the art to integrate adaptive optics into retinal imaging. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a scanning laser ophthalmoscope with adaptive optics.
It is another object of the invention to do so while avoiding non-common path errors.
It is a further object of the invention to provide axial sectioning in a scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention is directed to a system and method whereby AO can be efficiently and effectively implemented in a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The present invention will be an improvement on instruments used to take microscopic images of the retina in living human eyes and will have improved optical sectioning capability over currently available SLO's.
The present invention's implementation of AO is efficient because it uses the same optical path as the SLO. The present invention's implementation is effective because it is designed to optimize image quality, both axially and laterally, over the entire field of view of the ophthalmoscope.
The SLO is a device used to take images of the retina of a living human eye. In the SLO, scattered light is measured from a focused spot of light as it is scanned across the retina in a raster pattern. The image is built over time, pixel by pixel, as the spot moves across the retina. An aperture conjugate to (in the image plane of) the desired focal plane in the retina and prior to the light detector can be used to reduce scattered light originating from planes other than the plane of focus. The confocal aperture can be used to do optical slicing, or imaging of different layers in the human retina.
AO describes a set of techniques to measure and compensate for aberrations, or optical defects, in optical systems. AO, when applied to the optical system of the eye, can provide substantial improvements in the sharpness of retinal images that are normally degraded from the aberrations. Implementation of AO requires the use of a wavefront sensor, which is a device to measure the aberrations of the optical system, and a wavefront corrector, which is a device used to compensate for the aberrations in an optical system.
In one particular embodiment, the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope wavefront sensing, wavefront compensation and raster scanning.
(i) Light delivery: Light delivery can be from a plurality of laser sources of different wavelengths, depending on the application. Light is relayed through the instrument via mirrors, which do not suffer from chromatic aberration. Furthermore, unlike lenses, mirrors do not produce back reflections that can enter into the light detection arm.
(ii) Light detection: Light is detected with a detector such as a very sensitive light detector and amplifier; in a preferred embodiment, a photomultiplier tube is used. Prior to the light detector in the preferred embodiment is the confocal pinhole, which is placed conjugate to the focal plane of the system. The confocal pinhole is used to limit light reaching the detector to that originating from the plane of focus.
(iii) Wavefront sensing: Wavefront sensing takes place in the detection arm of the instrument. The wavefront sensor measures the optical defects of the eye in the plane of the entrance pupil.
(iv) Wavefront compensation: Wavefront compensation is done with adaptive optics such as a deformable mirror. The shape of the deformable mirror is set to exactly compensate the distortions in the light that are caused by the aberrations of the eye.
(v) Raster scanning: Raster scanning is used to move the focused spot across the retina in a raster pattern. The extent of the pattern defines the area of the retina that is being imaged. Positional outputs from the scanning mirrors, combined with scattered intensity information from the light detector, are used to reconstruct the retinal image. Setting the sweep angle on the scanning mirrors controls the field size of the image.
During operation of the embodiment just described, light is being scanned in a raster pattern across the retina. The input light beam is stationary from light delivery through the deformable mirror and up to the first scanning mirror. The horizontal scanning mirror adds a horizontal sweeping motion to the beam. The second scanning mirror adds a vertical sweep to the beam. Both sweeping motions are done in planes that are optically conjugate to the pupil of the eye so that the beam at the plane of the pupil is stationary but it still makes a raster pattern on the retina. This property is accomplished by using relay optics between each beam-altering element in the system. According to the law of reversibility of light, the scattered light from the focused spot on the retina returns along the same path that the light traveled to generate the spot. In other words, the scattered light follows the scanning beam but in the opposite direction. The scattered light also gets descanned after passing through the same raster scanning mirrors. By the time the returning light has passed the horizontal scanning mirror, the beam is again stationary. Aberrations in the scattered light are compensated by the deformable mirror and are bounced off a beam splitter into the light detection and wavefront sensing path of the AOSLO. Having a stationary beam in the light detection arm allows the scattered light to be focused through a fixed confocal pinhole, which gives the SLO its optical sectioning capability.
Light is scanned over the retina in a raster pattern while the beam remains stationary in the plane of the pupil. After scattering, the optics of the SLO descan the beam and image the pupil of the eye onto the lenslet array of the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, or the corresponding element of another wavefront sensor, e.g., a scanning wavefront sensor. The pupil is conjugate to the lenslet array, which means that the aberrations are measured in the pupil plane of the eye. The focused spots in the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor image are also stationary because the beam has been descanned. An image of the focused spot array in the Hartmann-Shack sensor is obtained by taking a time exposure of the focused spots with a CCD array detector. These spot images are analyzed to determine the aberrations of the eye being measured. In a typical Hartmann-Shack wavefront measurement, the aberrations are measured for light originating from a stationary focused spot on the retina. In high-speed ophthalmic Hartmann-Shack applications, a system that employs a linear scanning spot has been developed. In this implementation, the source of the light on the retina is constantly moving in a raster during the time exposure, and the Hartmann-Shack sensor measures the average wavefront aberration over the entire field of the image. The aberration over the image field is expected to change slightly because aberrations change with off-axis object position. Nonetheless, these changes are small since it has been demonstrated that the eye is nearly isoplanatic over a one-degree field. Therefore, the use of a scanning beam as the source does not present a disadvantage to the measurement, but rather it presents several unique advantages, which are listed below:
1) By using the same light source for wavefront sensing and imaging, the optics are simplified (no additional light source is necessary for wavefront sensing), and no correction has to be made for the chromatic aberration of the eye between the wavefront sensing and imaging wavelengths.
2) Wavefront sensing is always done on the same retinal region as the images that are taken, since the source of the wavefront measurement is also the imaging light.
3) Measuring and compensating the average wavefront over the entire image field will result in a more uniform correction for aberrations, which will result in better image quality over the field.
4) Wavefront measurements are not affected by noise due to laser speckle since the time-averaged image of a moving spot on the retina despeckles the image. This advantage has already been applied to wavefront sensing but not to its application for SLO.
5) The wavefront-sensing configuration described here is easily adaptable to real-time wavefront sensing and compensation. This advantage stems from the fact that the wavefront sensing signal is always present during imaging since imaging and wavefront sensing use the same light source.
6) The optical path to the wavefront sensor is the same as to the photomultiplier, with the exception of three aberration-corrected achromatic lenses (two in the wavefront sensor path and one in the photomultiplier path). The aberrations that are measured in the wavefront sensor will be the same as the aberrations of the light reaching the confocal pinhole, which reduces the non-common path errors.
In at least one embodiment, the wavefront compensation is done with a deformable mirror (DM) placed conjugate to the pupil in the stationary part of the optical path, prior to the raster scanning mirrors. Having the DM in this part of the path means that the mirrors that are used to focus the pupil image onto the DM can be as small as the maximum beam diameter and do not have to be enlarged to enclose the maximum scan angle. This reduces the size and cost of the instrument and maintains better image quality in the optics of the instrument.
By using AO in a SLO, the lateral resolution of retinal images is expected to improve by up to three times. This has already been demonstrated in conventional ophthalmoscopes equipped with AO. The main advantage of applying AO in a SLO will be the improvements in axial resolution. The axial resolution may be improved by up to 10 times over conventional SLO's.
Equivalent Technologies: Successful implementation of AO in a SLO does not rely on the specific technologies described in this disclosure. The following two paragraphs describe equivalent AO technologies that can be implemented with the same advantages.
Any wavefront sensing technology can be employed that is based on objective measurement and does not rely on coherent light to perform the wavefront measurement. Alternative techniques include but are not limited to laser ray tracing techniques, Tscherning aberroscopic techniques and crossed-cylinder aberrometer techniques.
Any wavefront compensation technique can be employed that does not rely on the use of coherent light. Alternative methods for wavefront sensing include, but are not limited to, liquid crystal spatial light modulators, micro-electro-machined (MEMs) membrane mirrors, MEMs segmented mirrors, bimorph deformable mirrors and electrostatic membrane deformable mirrors.
One set of applications involves the direct imaging applications that will benefit from high-resolution images. Such applications include the early diagnosis of retinal disorders like diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, or glaucoma. Other applications will be to visualize structures in the retina such as the nerve fibers, cone and rod photoreceptors, single capillaries in the retina and choroid, and retinal pigmented epithelium cells. High-resolution imaging will help retinal surgeons maintain a sharper image of the retina during retinal surgery.
Another set of applications are those whereby the SLO is used to image the retina at 30 frames per second and is used to observe directly the flow of single white blood cells.
Another set of applications are those where stimuli or treatment lasers are projected directly onto the retina as part of the raster scan. These applications include photodynamic therapy, laser microphotocoagulation, microperimetry of the retina, and eye tracking.
The SLO can use a confocal pinhole to suppress light from outside of the focal plane, which gives the SLO its optical slicing capability. This property of the SLO can be improved by implementing AO to measure and correct the aberrations of the eye. By reducing the aberrations of the eye through AO compensation, both axial and lateral resolution can be improved.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention and variations thereof will be disclosed in detail with reference to the drawings, in which:
A preferred embodiment of the present invention and variations thereof will now be set forth in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements or operational steps throughout.
As mentioned above, the AOSLO 100 includes a light delivery section 102, a light detection section 104, a wavefront sensing section 106, a wavefront compensation section 108 and a raster scanning section 110. All five sections are under the control of a computer 112.
In the light delivery section 102, light from a fiber optic light source 114 is expanded by a beam expander 116 and collimated by a collimating lens 118. The collimated light is made incident on an artificial pupil 120 to produce a smaller beam of light, which is injected into the common optical path O of the AOSLO 100 by a 5% reflecting beam splitter 122.
Once in the optical path O, the light is reflected by spherical mirrors 124 and 126 to the wavefront compensation section 108. Mirrors are used both to fold the optical path, thereby making the system more compact, and to avoid the problems of chromatic aberration and back reflection that affect lenses. The wavefront compensation section 108 includes a deformable mirror 128. As known in the art, the deformable mirror 128 includes a deformable mirror surface 130 deformed by multiple actuators (e.g., piezoelectric actuators) 132. An example of a deformable mirror is the 37-channel deformable mirror produced by Xinetics, Andover, Mass. The deformable mirror 128 is placed in the common optical path O conjugate to the entrance pupil of the eye E. Under the control of the computer 112, the actuators 132 deform the mirror surface 130 to compensate for wavefront aberrations in a manner that will be described in detail below.
Light reflected from the mirror surface 132 is reflected to a spherical mirror 134 and thence to the raster scanning section 110. In the raster scanning section 110, the light is reflected via a spherical mirror 136 to a horizontal scanning mirror 138, which is implemented as a resonant scanner under control of the computer 112. The light horizontally scanned by the horizontal scanning mirror 138 is reflected via two spherical mirrors 140 and 142 to a vertical scanning mirror 144, which is implemented as a galvanometric scanner under control of the computer 112. A resonant scanner-galvanometric scanner combination produced by Electro-Optics Products Corp., Flushing Meadows, N.Y., can be used. The light which has been both horizontally and vertically scanned is reflected via spherical mirrors 146 and 148 to the retina of the eye E. The light is scanned across an area of the retina whose extent is determined by the horizontal and vertical scanning extents of the scanning mirrors 138 and 144, which in turn are controlled by the computer 112.
Light reflected from the retina of the eye E travels back along the common optical path O, in which it is descanned by the scanning mirrors 144 and 138, to a beam splitter 150 to be split between the light detection section 104 and the wavefront sensing section 106. The beam splitter 150 can be implemented as a partially reflecting mirror, although an active beam splitter will be described in detail below.
The portion of the light diverted to the light detection section 104 is focused by a lens 152 onto a confocal pinhole 154 which is in a plane conjugate to the retina. Light passing through the confocal pinhole 154 is imaged by a photomultiplier tube 156 to produce signals which can be converted into an image by the computer 112. The hardware used can be a GaAs photomultiplier tube from Hamamatsu, Japan, and a GenesisLC frame grabbing board from Matrox, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The portion of the light passed to the wavefront sensing section 106 is collimated by lenses 158 and 160 and is passed to a Hartmann-Shack detector 162. As known in the art, the Hartmann-Shack detector 162 includes a lenslet array 164 which breaks up the light into an array of spots and a CCD camera or other suitable imaging device 166 which images the spots. The deviation of each spot from the position which it would occupy in the absence of wavefront aberrations allows a determination of those aberrations in the computer 112. Techniques for determining the aberrations up to the tenth Zernike order are known in the art. The computer 112 uses those aberrations to control the deformable mirror 128 to compensate for those aberrations.
A drawback of using mirrors is that astigmatism and other aberrations are introduced when they are off axis. To overcome that drawback, a cylindrical correction can be placed in the spectacle plane of the eye, and optical design software such as ZEMAX, published by Focus Software, Tucson, Ariz., can be used to minimize the remaining high-order system aberrations through optimal placement of the mirrors. Off-the-shelf spherical reflecting mirrors can be used.
The AOSLO 100 operates as shown in the flow chart of
In step 208, the wavefront sensing section 106 senses the wavefront aberrations. In step 210, the wavefront compensation section 108 compensates for those aberrations. Steps 208 and 210 can be performed iteratively.
In step 212, the light detection section 104 images the retina. In step 214, the image of the retina is used for any desired purpose, including diagnosis of the retinal condition, surgery on the retina, application of therapeutic laser light to the retina, or eye movement tracking, as will be explained in detail below.
As just noted, the steps of sensing and compensating the wavefront aberrations can be performed iteratively.
A specific embodiment of the beam splitter 150 and its operation, namely, the timeshare embodiment, will be described.
The structure of the beam splitter 150 is shown in
The reverse direction R of the scan can be used for wavefront sensing by splitting the light between the wavefront sensor and the photomultiplier tube with the segmented mirror that alternates between transmitting the light to the wavefront sensor and reflecting the beam toward the photomultiplier tube. The timing of the mirror is phase-locked to the horizontal scan frequency. The light reaching the wavefront sensor can be integrated for any desired period of time independently of the scan rate or the frame rate of a typical AOSLO. The aberrations of the eye change dynamically and so the image quality will be better if the eye's aberrations are measured and compensated while the retina is imaged.
The deformable mirror can be used as an axial scanning element in axial sectioning. Axial sectioning requires an optical correction to change the depth plane of the focused raster scan on the retina. The use of the deformable mirror presents some unique advantages, which include reducing the number of moving parts in the system, and increasing its speed and precision. The thickness of the retina is about 300 microns. A focal change of less than 1 diopter is sufficient to change the focal plane by this amount.
The present method can be implemented with the deformable mirror described in the current design or it can be done with alternate, dynamic wavefront compensation techniques, such as micro-electrical machined (MEMs) deformable mirrors, or membrane mirrors.
Wavefront sensing and correction can be done simultaneously with axial sectioning, in a technique called "non-null wavefront compensation." The optical path for wavefront sensing is not confocal, so light is detected from all scattered layers in the retina simultaneously. Therefore, when the aberrations of the eye are corrected, the defocus is also adjusted to put the focal plane into the mean location of all the scattering layers in the retina. If wavefront sensing and compensation were to be done simultaneously with axial sectioning, the mirror would continually try to adjust its defocus to move the image plane back to the mean location of the scattering surfaces. Such a correction would defeat attempts to change the focal plane of the system and image different layers of the retina. This is overcome in the following way. Rather than letting the AO system converge to a null state (i.e., zero aberrations), the AO system is programmed to converge to a finite defocused state. By converging to a defocused state, the AO system will adjust the focal plane, while still correcting all other aberrations to zero. This technique will allow the operator to change the focal plane while still having the benefit of simultaneous wavefront sensing and compensation.
The AOSLO described herein permits the direct imaging of features in the living retina that have never been observed, features that include retinal pigment epithelium cells, individual nerve fibers, cone and rod photoreceptors, single capillaries in the retina and choroid and white blood cells. With the improvements in axial sectioning, it will be possible to generate the first microscopic scale three-dimensional images of living human retina at high resolutions.
The AOSLO can be used for the diagnosis of retinal disorders like diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, or glaucoma.
In still another use, high-resolution images of the retina will permit highly accurate measurements of eye movements needed for surgical applications or applications requiring eye tracking.
In yet another use, stimuli or treatment lasers are projected directly onto the retina as part of the raster scan. Treatments include photodynamic therapy, laser microphotocoagulation, and microperimetry of the retina.
Images have been collected from the eyes of five persons ranging in age from the 2nd to 7th decade. The RMS wavefront error after AO compensation ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 μm over a 6.3 mm pupil. The patients used a dental impression mount fixed to an X-Y-Z translation stage to set and maintain eye alignment during the wavefront correction and imaging. The retinal location of the wavefront correction and imaging was controlled by having each patient view a fixation target. A drop of 1% tropicamide was instilled to dilate the pupil and to minimize accommodation fluctuations.
Experimental data will now be set forth. The correction of aberrations provided by the present invention permits retinal imaging of high quality, as will be seen.
Preliminary estimates of the resolution of the present invention are about 2.5 μm lateral and about 100 μm axial. By contrast, conventional SLO's have a typical resolution of 5 μm lateral and 300 μm axial.
The AOSLO of the preferred embodiment operates at a frame rate of 30 Hz, which permits visualization of blood flow in the retinal capillaries. Also, the real-time imaging provides feedback on image quality and image location. Further, axial sectioning can be implemented. Conventional flood-illumination imaging, even with AO, cannot offer such advantages.
The following article concerning the present invention is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present disclosure: A. Roorda et al, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy," Optics Express, Vol. 10, No. 9, May 6, 2002, pp. 405–412.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention and variations thereon have been disclosed above, those skilled in the art who have reviewed the present disclosure will readily appreciate that other embodiments can be realized within the scope of the invention. For example, numerical values are illustrative rather than limiting. Also, variations on the configuration of the common optical path are possible, and variations on the hardware have been noted above. Further, while the present invention has been disclosed with regard to human subjects, veterinary applications are also possible. Therefore, the present invention should be construed as limited only by the appended claims.
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Abscessed Tooth Guide Center - Richmond, VA
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With U.S. troops poised for an attack, President Bush has declared that for Iraq and Saddam Hussein, "The game is over."
Wanna bet?
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BetonSports.com — which spokesman Eddie King boasts represents "the visionaries of this business" of betting on everything from who will win Survivor to which rock stars will overdose this year — places odds of 3 to 2 Saddam will be dead by June 30, and 2 to 1 he'll be in exile or in U.S. custody.
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King said this week that BetonSports.com had taken 8,000 to 10,000 bets for about $750,000 on Saddam and war prospects over the approximately three weeks questions have been posted on its site.
Tradesports.com, on the other hand, has taken more than 62,000 "trades" on Saddam's future as president since it began listing the propositions Sept. 24.
As of 10 a.m. ET today, the site's "traders" placed 35 percent odds Saddam would be gone as president of Iraq by the end of the month, 74 percent odds he would be deposed by the end of April, 81 percent odds he would be gone by the end of May, and 87 percent by the end of June. John Delaney, the site's CEO, said traders in the United States seemed more inclined to think Saddam would be gone sooner than traders elsewhere.
Tradesports.com considers itself a broker rather than a bookmaker, because rather than placing odds on propositions and taking bets, it lets subscribers set market prices and wager against each other, and then takes a commission.
Because of that, the odds of Saddam remaining in power at the end of each month fluctuate with news reports like the stock market does.
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text:
Transformers Game by Julie Hervert
100 - 500 downloadsAdd this app to your listsTweets por @Appszoom
Transformers Game. The game idea is to complete the puzzles and unlock all the levels. More than 150 possible levels to keep you entertained!
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Printer Pro - print documents, photos, web pages and email attachments
By Readdle
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Print attachments, documents, web pages and more right from your iPhone and iPad to any Wi-Fi or USB printer.
Printer Pro lets you wirelessly print from the iPhone or iPad. It can print directly to many Wi-Fi printers or any printer attached to your Mac or PC via helper application installed on your computer.
Once installed, Printer Pro appears in the "Open In..." list on your device. This lets you print documents from Mail, PDF Expert and many other applications on your iPhone or iPad that support this function.
Using "Open In..." approach you can print files from many popular online storages: Dropbox and Google Drive. It just a matter of several taps to download your file via free Dropbox or Google Drive application and send it to printer.
To print a web page, just change "http" to "phttp" in the address bar in Safari and tap Go. The page will immediately be opened in the Printer Pro with print button right above your finger. You can print web based documents as well using this approach.
With Printer Pro you can print:
- Email Attachments
- iWork documents
- Web pages
- Files from other applications
- Clipboard content
- Photos
- Documents on Dropbox and Google Drive
- Contacts
◆ Printer Pro Desktop
Get the free helper application for your computer to print more document types and with better quality. You can download it at www.readdle.com/printerpro
◆ List of supported document formats
PDF, Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Pages, Numbers, Keynote, TXT, HTML, JPG, Safari webarchive
Feel free to contact us If you have any suggestions, questions or issues at http://readdle.com/contact
What's New in Version 5.4.2
Small fixes and various improvements.
Customer Reviews
Awesome App
I got this app for free, when it was the free app of the week, and I have to say that it lived up to almost all of my expectations. It was easy to set up, yet did not automatically sync, (I could print to my neighbors printer but not mine) but it works, if it does not show up, it will tell you. You can print documents, photos, pdf's... etc. The ONLY thing I would change about this app is the ability to print from Google docs, but I can just copy and paste to pages and print from there. (But that's not worthy of removing one star) Otherwise this app is just great and I would suggest they lower the price to $3.99, or something of that sort.
Owesome app
This app does exactly what is says it could do. I have been able to print over any wifi from my phone to my house printer regardless of where i was. I was quite amazed by the things this app can do. This is truly an awesome app to have. It lets me print the pictures stored in my phone with ease and the pictures look exactly the way it was taken on the mobile phone or iPad. Although i had to download the printer app to my PC i say that it was worth it all. This app is totally free enjoy the freedom to print regardless of where you are. My suggestion get it as soon as possible because its great and its totally free.
It is a Pro.
The print app that synergistically leverages the value of most others and then surpasses them like a Porsche zipping past them at twice the speed with the top down (classic beauty brunette ®, included). This app uploads to Drop
Box, AirPrints, files to iCloud and other stuff of I go back to look I'll be logged out. Take it from someone who has thrown a ton of apps - to have the best quality tools -- and why not functionality, stability, the simple efficacious elegance in the beauty of this app is what the expensive real estate "footage" is all about on your iphone don't let slums collect on your ipad or mobile iOS devices.
Customers Also Bought
- $6.99
- Category: Productivity
- Updated: Mar 10, 2015
- Version: 5.4.2
- Size: 72.4 MB
- Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish
- Seller: Igor Zhadanov
- © 2010-2014 Readdle Inc.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 7.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. This app is optimized for iPhone 5, iPhone 6, and iPhone 6 Plus.


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My driver dropped me at a grassy pasture overlooking Issyk Kul Lake and the looming Ala-Too Mountains. Camera shutters clicked as roughly a hundred foreign tourists watched young men from a nearby village don jerseys, lace riding boots and adjust their horses' saddles.
A goat was then decapitated, signaling the start of a kok-boru match.
Not everyone is impressed by the sport. Ashley Fruno, senior campaigner for the Virginia-based animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, calls kok-boru an example of "sadistic savagery."
"While this game may have had its place in the middle ages, we must not forget that it's now 2011," Fruno told me in an email message. "England has already banned fox-hunting, Spain is banning the bullfight, with the lesson being that pastimes involving cruelty belong in the past - as they are games of shame that spotlight callousness rather than skill."
But the nomadic tribes that once roamed Central Asia slaughtered animals to mark important occasions. Traditional nomadic customs here are to some extent disappearing as people migrate to cities, but in many Kyrgyz and Kazakh households animal slaughters are still symbolically important and coincide with weddings, birthdays and religious festivals.
In Jolkolot, once the goat carcass had been hauled to midfield, the horsemen began racing around, cracking bullwhips and trailing clouds of dust. Yaa! Yaa! they yelled. The horses charged, scattering tourists. For more than an hour, the headless goat moved across that pasture with such vigor that I nearly forgot it was dead.
Some westerners liken kok-boru to polo, but in Jolkolot I pictured a hybrid of rugby and a Texas rodeo. Cynthia Werner, a cultural anthropologist at Texas A&M University, says the game appeals to horsemen – not horsewomen – across Central Asia who thrive on danger. Kok-boru is particularly dangerous, she adds, because players must shift their weight frequently as they lunge for and carry the goat, "which is not a light object."
"Polo is also dangerous," says Werner, who has watched horse games live and on television in Kazakhstan. "But in polo you're just holding a stick."
Kok-boru is the iconic Central Asian horse game, but there are other popular horse-related activities. At the festival in Jolkolot village, I watched demonstrations of the games oodarysh and kyz-kuumai.
Oodarysh – "to take down" in the Kyrgyz language – is essentially horse-mounted wresting. Nomadic young men in pre-Soviet Central Asia once played the game as a means of preparing for war. Eye-poking and finger-breaking is prohibited, but Oodarysh gets rough and rowdy. As I watched two young men spin around on their horses trying to upset each other's centers of gravity, I marveled at how horses appeared to highlight the primal ties binding man and beast.


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Excitement continued to build Tuesday in Australia as day three of the massive Magic Millions national sale on the Gold Coast concluded. Some of Australia's biggest named buyers are now on hand as the weanlings prepare to be paraded. But before they stepped into the auction ring, the last day of the yearling sale unfolded with Gai Waterhouse and Anthony Cummings spending big.Former champion Rock of Gibraltar, who has had two winners in Europe from his first two runners (one of them a stakes winner no less), continued to make a name for himself as a sire. The son of Danehill had two yearlings -- a colt and a filly -- that shared top-priced honors for the session the top honours they each reached Aust$260,000. They beat the previous top price of the sale during day two's session -- that of $250,000 for Choisir's daughter.
The first of the Rock of Gibraltar yearlings to sell for the big dollars was a three-quarter sister to proven group winner and grade I performer Aqua D'Amore. Sydney horsewoman Gai Waterhouse secured the filly for what she described as "a great value price.""I thought she was very immature when I saw her in January," Waterhouse said. "But since then she has really done well."
"Aqua D'Amore also ran a close second in the group I BMW and is a multiple group winner. So, taking all of that into account, I thought she was great value."The dust hadn't long settled on Waterhouse's sale topping purchase when another of Sydney's powerful trainers paid Aust$260,000 for a colt by Rock of Gibraltar.Anthony Cummings, son of the legendary trainer Bart Cummings, also felt his purchase presented great value. The colt is a half-brother to the group I winner Baraka, who who like this colt is a graduate of the Gold Coast ring."He's a very good type," Cummings reported. "He's very strong and has great depth to the shoulder and he's got a good pedigree. I was keen all year to buy a Rock (of Gibraltar) and he's been the best value I have seen all year. He's easily the best in the (Coolmore Stud) draft."
The colt will be raced in similar interests as star stable performer, the group I winner Hotel Grand.
(2005 in brackets)
Lots Sold: 433 (262)
Sale Aggregate: Aus$12,193,200 ($7,245,250)
Average Price: $28,160 ($27,654)
Top Price: $260,000 ($480,000)
Lots Withdrawn: 121 (49)
Lots Passed: 155 (71)
Lots Catalogued: 709 (382)
Sold %: 73.64 (79)
Rock of Gibraltar Colt, Filly Share Top Honors at Magic Millions National Sale
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November always makes me a little panicky. I know that the holiday season will be here in a flash and with my son in college, the expense of gifts is especially daunting. This year I am focusing on DIY gifts and with our Nielsen-Massey Madagascar Bourbon Pure Vanilla Sugar giveaway you can too!
Besides the fact DIY gifts are pocket-book friendly, they are also so much more personal than a gift card. Nielsen-Massey has truly beautiful vanilla products that aren't just yummy, they make perfect ingredients for beauty treatments that are so easy to make! I love their Vanilla Body Scrub recipe that uses Madagascar Bourbon Pure Vanilla Sugar (Nielsen-Massey sent us the product to test).
Vanilla Body Scrub
1 cup Nielsen-Massey Madagascar Bourbon Pure Vanilla Sugar
1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
1 or 2 drops of an essential oil such as lavender, eucalyptus, etc.
Decorative, waterproof container
Mix ingredients together in a bowl.
Spoon into a decorative, waterproof container.
Wrap in decorative paper.
Instructions for use: Apply a small amount to damp skin while in shower or bath. Gently scrub skin with a soft washcloth. Rinse thoroughly.
This is a heavenly body scrub that leaves skin wonderfully soft and smooth. My favorite essential oils to use are either lemon or jasmine.
Of course, the Madagascar Bourbon Pure Vanilla Sugar is also a great gift just by itself. It's a combination of gourmet baker's sugar and Madagascar Pure Vanilla Extract. Use it as your sugar in baking, sprinkle it in your coffee or hot cocoa, or sprinkle it on some fruit for a delicious dessert. It comes in a beautiful 8.5 oz. glass jar, and it is all sorts of yummy!!
Here are some more great packaging tips from Nielsen-Massey for personalized handmade gifts:
- Package homemade biscotti, cookies, or even body products in vintage tins or jars. A beautiful container is an additional gift that the recipient can keep long after the handmade gift is gone.
- Instead of using traditional wrapping paper or gift bags, wrap boxes in craft paper and decorate with pens and markers. Wrap jars and bottles in fabric, burlap, or a pretty kitchen towel and secure it with colorful striped baker's twine.
- Attach a Christmas ornament to the outside of the package in lieu of a traditional gift tag. Ornaments can be treasured for years to come.
- Include a hand-written note or card with the recipe for your gift – it is the gift that keeps on giving!
Check out the Nielsen-Massey website for more product information and additional recipes, including more DIY gift ideas such as:
- Vanilla Bean Marshmallows
- Decadent Holiday Fudge
- Cinnamon Vanilla Candied Almonds
- Gourmet Blueberry Vanilla Granola
- Sweet and Spicy BBQ Rub
- Chocolate Coffee Biscotti
And don't forget to visit the Nielsen-Massey Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/NielsenMasseyVanillas and Twitter at https://twitter.com/NielsenMassey.
Enter our giveaway today and you can make a Nielsen-Massey Vanilla Body Scrub or your own DIY holiday gift!
This fabulous US giveaway runs through November 11/23/14 at 11:59 p.m. (If comments aren't open please comment on our Facebook page or email me at firstname.lastname@example.com). — Lisa
*giveaway prize courtesy of Nielsen-Massey #NMVHolidays


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Look for a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) in your area to receive the highest level of nutrition counseling!
05/18/2015 - Each year, elementary students spend an average of 943 hours at school. With such a captive audience, schools are an ideal place for children to learn the importance of nutrition.
05/13/2015 - The Academy commends the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee for drafting a strong, evidence-based Scientific Report outlining recommendations and rationale for the 2015 Dietary Guidelines.
05/06/2015 - The Foundation has announced the recipients of the 2015 Champions for Healthy Kids grants.
05/05/2015 - RDNs help firefighters fuel up for action. Just like Sarah Vaughn, MPP, RD, LDN, who came on the scene, and, as a result, firefighters started losing weight and decreasing blood pressure.
Look for a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) in your area to receive the highest level of nutrition counseling!
Keynote speakers for the 2015 Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo have been announced! Join us in October to hear from Conscious Capitalism CEO and co-chairman Doug Rauch, former Surgeon General Regina Benjamin, MD, MBA, and world-class celebrity chef and restauranteur Marcus Samuelsson!http://sm.eatright.org/FNCEspeakers
RDNs serving those who served our country: http://t.co/dCLnCq8BlP #eatrightPRO
Earn one CPEU for attending this online webinar on May 28 at 12pm CT! Learning outcomes include new approaches to identify vitamin D deficiency, treatment strategies and differences in deficiency across diverse populations.http://sm.eatright.org/vitDwebinar
Especially on #MemorialDay, we honor and remember military dietitians. We are forever grateful for your service to our country.


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World Leaders As Juggalos
Could a little wicked clown love bring this troubled world together? Let's find out.
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
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Home | About CSN | CSN Help | Contact CSN
This book teaches you to pray a daring prayer that God always answers.
This book explains the principles of having faith. How to get from the problem to the answer.
The introduction to this book begins with this sentence.." Cancer is the most cureable of all cronic diseases" A very rewarding book to read for anyone involved in this fight for our life.
The author shares stories from his 2nd career, at UCLA Medical School where he helped begin studies on the connection between a positive mental outlook and a positive medical outcome. He was often asked to see counsel with cancer patients. His take home advice: accept the diagnosis, but deny any pessimistic prognosis, because there are always patients who beat the odds- like he did.
His Journey Back to Life
I was a senior at the University of California at Berkeley. At the age of twenty, my life had been smooth sailing, seldom interrupted with adversity or difficulty. I was confident and not concerned much with my appearance. But out of nowhere, a lump had formed behind my right nostril. I had cancer. I fought it and survived. But after multiple surgeries and radiation treatment, I would discover that I hadn?t even begun to deal with what would become my greatest struggle for years to come ? the disfigurement that resulted from it.At Face Value explores the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual challenges that a disfiguring cancer brought to my life. It's a story about tragedy, obstacles, and ultimately, about triumph.At Face Value is a personal story that tells about the life I celebrated, but took for granted; the life I abhorred and tried to change; and the life that I treasured because it finally had meaning.
If you don't think the way we live our lives have got us thus far. Here and in the now. This book has helped me to understand just how simple life is and that it is I who truly complicates things. It is the stresses in my life that have affected my intire being. I have been searching for a life and have found one, once again.
an up to date guide for patients and thier families on the major type of cancer. "with advice from dozens of leading cnacer specialistst at more than 30 major cancer centers"
This is a step-by-step guide for the woman with newly diagnosed breast cancer. It is helpful to read all the way through, and then review chapter by chapter as you go through treatment and recovery. He leads you through the medical maze with practical information and stragies.


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Political will is what's needed to beat illegal gambling
The comment of policeman Alex Balaoro of Legazpi City ("PCSO's pipe dream," Inquirer, 3/26/12) that the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office's Loterya ng Bayan (PLB) will not solve "jueteng" operations, it being the same dog as the notorious Small Town Lottery (STL), appears to be a defeatist approach to stamping out the illegal numbers game.
The Movement for Transparency in Lottery and Legal Gaming believes that if the Philippine National Police were as sincere and committed to lick jueteng and other forms of illegal gambling as President Aquino is in his antigraft war, jueteng will be a goner in due time. It really is just a question of political will.
STL was conceived as a legal source of additional funds for PCSO and local government units to finance their charitable and medical programs, aside from eliminating jueteng. But after a few years of operation on what former PCSO chair Manuel Morato called "experimental basis," STL was "prostituted" by jueteng lords protected by politicians and corrupt cops, thus promoting the culture of gambling rather than wholesome amusement.
Clearly, STL failed during the Arroyo administration because corrupt local officials and policemen dipped their fingers into it instead of resisting bribes from jueteng lords and enforcing the law regardless of who got hurt. It is sad to note that even if PLB has yet to be launched, some policemen have seemingly already waved the white flag, as if saying they can't make it a success. This mentality undermines the efforts and resolve of Interior Secretary Jesse Robredo and PNP Director General Nicanor Bartolome.
But since STL has been discredited as a front for jueteng and a "milking cow" of crooked politicians, PLB should now be implemented in cooperation with new and clean-record franchise operators. This must be coupled with no-nonsense law enforcement against illegal gambling and stiffer sanctions against erring operators and corrupt PCSO and law enforcers.
Despite its "STL collar," PLB can succeed if both the PCSO and PNP have the political will to stamp out illegal gambling without fear or favor.
Movement for Transparency in Lottery and Legal Gaming (MOTLO-LG), firstname.lastname@example.com
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The property you're requesting (MLS# 701467) has possibly been Sold, Expired or Pending. To be absolutely sure of the property status please give us a call at .
Here is a list of properties which are located near this listing. Please review these properties and/or click here to search our entire database of homes.
Address: 18 Cedar Brook Ln, Loveland CO 80537


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Paul Gorman author profile
Paul Gorman
City of Glasgow College
North Hanover Street Library
60 North Hanover Street
Most frequently used terms in this author's articles (ordered by total usage / articles): "second life", "avatar", "wiki", "research", "web 2.0", "blog", "facebook", "linden lab", "city of glasgow college", "twitter". See interactive data charts for more details on all tags associated with this author.
Profile last updated:November 2011
Articles by this author
Number of Ariadne articles written (or co-written) by this author: 1.
|Tags linking to related content
Has Second Life Lived up to Expectations?
Paul Gorman examines to what degree Second Life has justified the claims made for it by its evangelists with particular regard to education.
issue68 March 2012
|avatar, bbc, blog, city of glasgow college, e-learning, facebook, glasgow caledonian university, graphics, harvard university, instant messaging, jisc, linden lab, research, second life, twitter, university of edinburgh, usability, video, web 2.0, wiki
Note: For on-going updates, subscribe via RSS feed link below.


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Our location guide for Bili Oslavy provides some basic essentials for the more adventurous visitor. A simple location map is provided but also a detailed topography map that shows the location of the nearest places where you can surf, ski or mountain climb (if they are close by). Of course some of these will be at long distances from Bili Oslavy and those far flung spots are provided on the 'nearest' tables. If you are traveling to other cities or towns near Bili Oslavy you will also find weather forecasts for those locations below.
|Other places close to Bili Oslavy:
|Place Name
|1–3 Day Summary
|4–6 Day Summary
|7–9 Day Summary
31 km
|Some drizzle, heaviest during Sun afternoon
|Light rain (total 7mm), mostly falling on Wed night
|Heavy rain (total 60mm), heaviest during Sat afternoon
44 km
|Some drizzle, heaviest during Sun afternoon
|Light rain (total 7mm), mostly falling on Wed night
|Heavy rain (total 60mm), heaviest during Sat afternoon
88 km
|Some drizzle, heaviest during Sun afternoon
|Heavy rain (total 24mm), heaviest during Wed night
|Heavy rain (total 42mm), heaviest during Sat morning
97 km
|Some drizzle, heaviest during Sat night
|Mostly dry
|Heavy rain (total 21mm), heaviest during Sat night
Sighetu Marmaţiei
101 km
|Mostly dry
|Light rain (total 4mm), mostly falling on Wed night
|Heavy rain (total 21mm), heaviest during Sat afternoon
Outdoor Activities near Bili Oslavy
If you are in Bili Oslavy and would like to go mountain climbing, hiking, skiing or surfing, click below for detailed forecasts.
Ski Resorts close to Bili Oslavy:
|Closest ski resort1
|Bukovel (Ukraine)
|39 km S
|Second closest ski resort2
|Drahobrat (Ukraine)
|41 km SSW
|Third closest ski resort3
|Yablunytsia (Ukraine)
|41 km S
|Fourth closest ski resort4
|Yasinya (Ukraine)
|51 km S
|Fifth closest ski resort5
|Slavsko (Ukraine)
|92 km W
Mountains close to Bili Oslavy:
|Closest mountain peak1
|Doboshanka (Ukraine)
|35 km SSW
|Second closest mountain peak2
|Hoverla (Ukraine)
|58 km S
|Third closest mountain peak3
|Goverla (Ukraine)
|58 km S
|Fourth closest mountain peak4
|Chorna Gora (Ukraine)
|69 km S
|Fifth closest mountain peak5
|Pietrosul Mare (Romania)
|119 km S
The above topographic map of Bili Oslavy and the surrounding area has been derived from satellite mapping. The topographic data has been illuminated by a light source corresponding to the position of the sun at mid afternoon in summer. Major roads, railways rivers and other water features are derived from global GIS data.


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Rumba's Tough Mudder Weekend
Tough Mudder is coming to Caloundra on 17th & 18th August. Rumba Beach Resort is perfect to prepare for one of the toughest endurance events on the planet. Stay a minimum of 2 nights in a 1, 2 or apartment 3 bedroom and rest & recover with a complimentary Rumba recovery pack.
Rumba's Recovery Pack includes:
Magnesium Bath Soak with Himalayan crystal salt – perfect to relax your muscles in our in room double spa bath.
Chocolate Protein bars.
100% Coconut Water - a natural isotonic drink for hydration.
Selection of Fruit.
Rooms are not available for the nominated configuration 2 adults 0 children.
For additional available options, please search again using the Booking Panel.
getProperties: 0.00135
getRates: 0.04434
doBestFit: 0.00000
doBestFitOverrides: 0.00003
doSort: 0.00001
doDisplayPrep: 0.00005
getNoBestFitMessage: -1,432,995,580.17076
compileBookingData: 0.00001


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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceMaytag Range
Level of DifficultyReally easy
Time to do repairLess than 15 mins
Age of Appliance5 - 10 years
Screw drivers
34 out of 40 people found this instruction helpful
First I removed the two screws that hold the element in place. I then pulled the sensor out about 3 inches and disconnected the two wires. Next, I connected new sensor and screwed the new sensor back in place. One area for caution. Make sure that the electrical connection is pushed in past the insulation on the back side of the oven. Failure to do so will cause the plastic plug connector to melt from oven heat.
Help other customers find the most helpful instructions.
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Part Number: PS1570174
All brand logos are trademarks of their respective owners.
The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
Copyright © 1999-2015 , Eldis Group Partnership. All rights reserved.


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Lately, Gov. John Kasich has a lot of questionable ideas about products and services the state of Ohio should begin taxing.
For example, grabbing a Kewpee burger or catching a movie at the Thunder Road Drive-In this spring? Kasich has proposed a new tax increase for that.
Taking a trip to Kings Island, Cedar Point, or even just Schoonover Pool? Kasich has a tax for that, too.
Not even the most heart-wrenching of personal circumstances, such as paying for funeral expenses or a lawyer to defend against a foreclosure, go untaxed in Kasich�s newest scheme.
Kasich claims all those new taxes are necessary to fund an income tax cut, but who will benefit the most from this scheme? According to a new nonpartisan study, with all of Kasich�s changes in place, those making more than $335,000 a year would get a handout of more than $10,000, while those making less than $51,000 would actually have to pay more than they do today.
Folks in and around Lima work hard to support themselves, and they understand that a few dollars and cents here and there really add up. Instead of implementing the largest tax increase in Ohio�s history to pay for handouts to the rich, shouldn�t Kasich look out more for the little guy? But this isn�t the first time the governor has shown a disdain for working families.
Two years ago, Kasich slashed more than $2.4 million from Lima City Schools. Allen County was hit even harder, losing more than $21 million in state funding for schools and public safety. To make up for Kasich�s cuts, more than 194 local communities � including Lima � have been forced to vote on more than $1.1 billion in local tax raises. It�s no coincidence that Lima voters � like voters in communities across the state � are now paying more than $135 in local �Kasich tax� increases to offset the governor�s disastrous budget priorities.
But the governor promised he�d set everything right with his plans for schools in this new budget. By all accounts, superintendents across the state initially believed him. But as the details about the governor�s plans for schools started to trickle out, optimism turned to cynicism, and the chorus of school administrators across the state began to claim they were �duped� by the governor. One administrator from Franklin City Schools went further, claiming the governor had lied about his plans for schools.
Who�s to believe, Kasich or local school administrators? The only thing we can know for sure is that the numbers don�t lie, and despite any promises to the contrary, Lima City Schools receive less state funding today than they did before John Kasich took office. No fancy words from the governor change that.
Tonight, as Kasich makes lots of promises he�s sure to break, remember that the surest predictor of future behavior is past action. When the governor asks for your trust, remember Senate Bill 5, his cuts to your schools, favoritism to the rich, and that under his newest scheme, the tax man will certainly cometh.
Chris Redfern is the Ohio Democratic Party Chairman
See more State of the State coverage


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The North Face Reversible Down Moondoggy Jacket
|Body Fabric
100% Nylon, DWR Finish
550 Fill Down
Where to Buy
Manufacturer's Description
Visit The North Face's Reversible Down Moondoggy Jacket page.
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
On Sale. Free Shipping. The North Face Toddler Boys' Reversible Moondoggy Jacket FEATURES of The North Face Toddler Boys' Reversible Moondoggy Jacket Zip-in compatible Welted zip hand pockets on front side Welted hand pockets on reverse side Elastic binding at cuffs and hood opening Elastic hem-bound waistband SPECIFICATIONS of The North Face Toddler Boys' Reversible Moondoggy Jacket Average Weight: 12.4 oz / 350 g Center Back Length: 14.25in. Body: 100% nylon taffeta with DWR finish Reverse: 60% nylon, 40% polyester Insulation: 550 fill down This product can only be shipped within the United States. Please don't hate us.
- Moosejaw
Your backyard may be a little warmer than the moon, but when winter sends blasts of total misery, zip up your boy in the The North Face Boys' Moondoggy Reversible Down Jacket. If he decides to make mud-coated snowballs for flinging at his sister and gets messy in the process, just flip it inside-out and he'll have a clean slate when he shows up at Nana's for dinner. No matter how he wears it, the Moondoggie's 550-fill down insulation will keep him toasty, and DWR-coated front will shed water in soggy spring snow forts. There are hand pockets on both sides, and elastic binding at the cuffs, hood, and hem to lock warm air in and snow out.
- Backcountry.com
Surround him with the warmth of plush 550-fill down, in this winter jacket that morphs from a quilted solid exterior to a smooth, multi-color print. The silky nylon taffeta exterior with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish to shed light moisture.
- Rocky Mountain Trail
Description of The North Face Reversible Down Moondoggy Jacket - BoysA bomber down-insulated winter jacket crushes two looks in one. Boys can switch-up their look by simply reversing this jacket to alternate between a classic solid exterior and subtle plaid. However its worn, boys will stay warm beneath its thermal 550 fill down insulation. Attached hood with elastic binding also at cuffs and hem provides snug fit.FeaturesReverses to plaid bodyZip-in and snap-in compatibleWelted zippered hand pockets on solid sideNapoleon pocketWelted hand pockets on plaid sideElastic binding at cuffs and hoodElastic hem-bound waistbandImported
- US Outdoor Store
The North Face Boys' Reversible Down Moondoggy Jacket
currently retails for:
$71.94 - $116.97
$71.94 - $116.97


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Buy me a cup of Coffee!Add this app to your listsTweets por @Appszoom
Please purchase this app to buy me the equivalent of a cup of coffee!! A nice cup goes a long way for a coder!
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Graphic design for all of your needs including
logos, business cards, posters and more.
Graphic design is an important mechanism for establishing your brand and grabbing the attention of viewers. And if quality graphic design is important, you need a graphic designer that can provide top-notch design. And JWorks Studios is the place for THAT graphic designer.
My graphic design portfolio includes work for a wide variety of industries, professions and uses. I design logos for businesses — large and small — in industries such as music entertainment, fashion, makeup and beauty, auto dealerships and more. I don't limit my graphic design services to businesses, I also do logos and design for non-profits, parties and personal use. And no matter the size, all of my clients receive the same quality and attention to their graphic design projects.
Logos are just a small part of my graphic design skill set. I also design banners, posters, books, cd covers advertisements, websites, and anything else involving graphic design!
If you like my graphic design work and you'd like me to do your design project, the steps are extremely simple:
This is the new logo for Trajec Consequences. The design blends sharp angles with curves to produce a sweet logo, I must say. This logo is staged as black and red — one of the many different color schemes developed in the design process. This logo will be used on the web site, cd covers and branding.
A custom t-shirt design featuring a dreadlocked humanoid creature built 100% from scratch. Muscular traits like the chest and arms and shoulders are as expected, but extra detail went into making the creature unique such as the core, the eyes, and of course the trademark dreads. View larger
This is the first in a series of movie poster designs of the same title. One of the central ideas and locations of the movie involve the club scene, and that is clearly incorporated in the poster design. A great deal of attention went into addressing all of the ideas the creator had for the poster: glowing eyes, tattoo, hair, etc.. View larger
This piece of graphic design was done for a marketing campaign for Bitch Slap Cosmetics. The focal point is on Brittanya O'Campo of VH1's Rock of Love Bus and Charm School. Photo editing, typography, graphic design.
This is the layout for an apparel brochure for Zela Soccer. Looking closely, the design uses a soccer net as the frame for the soccer products. A nicely styled page with all of the important pictures and information clearly readable. Also includes an area for contact information as well as a dedicated space for coupon codes. View larger
The Hidden Peak logo is one of the most beloved logos in my catalog. The design of the logo was designed to establish a specific type of look that melds with the look and culture of winter sports and their style. Such a bold and clean graphic design makes this logo a piece that can be used for any purpose.
This is the logo design for Steady Ballin Records' new parent company, Steady Ballin Media Group. The logo's design from the begining was to create a brand identity that was clean, elegant, uniquely noticable, and looks good on t-shirts, cds, the web and marketing materials.
The graphic design process generally has the same key points every time whether I'm designing a logo or designing graphics for a branding campaign. There are differences with time and difficulty, but the process is usually the same.
Determine the type of project this is. Is it a logo? Is it graphic design for a poster? Is it a website?. This gets you in the mindset of preparing yourself for all of the finer parts of producing graphics for that particular useage.
Yes, all of the graphics look great once they're done, but in order to get there, you have to know what it will look like at the end and work toward that goal step by step. What message will the design send to people who view it? What message should it send? Knowing how the design will be used once complete will help clearly establish the overall project goal.
Not all graphic design projects will use the same design software. I need to determine the usage beforehand. Designs that will mainly be developed for print will require a different graphic design program than a design that will be used strictly for the web. Knowing this helps me know what graphic design program I will need.
Secondly, knowing what the finished design will look like in my head gives me a chance to use different techniques to reach that graphic style.
I view graphic design is an investment for my clients. I don't let anyone check off a project until I get full feedback on my graphic design work. In some cases I use another set of eyes to get their first impressions of the design.
Eventually there will be a slight change to the initial design. Getting feedback from my clients and updating the design fine tunes our collective vision for the design project.
Clients always love my graphic design work, but am I completely pleased with the design? Before I make the decision to release my graphic design work to the client, I cretique it heavily, myself. I view the design from different angles, turn my head quickly and turn back to see what my first impressions of the design would be, and sometimes make it my desktop wallpaper and just stare at it. Being such a hard critic of my own designs reassures that if I would be happy viewing this design over long periods of time, my client will definitely be satisfied.
Like most graphic design projects, the time it takes to create a logo varies by design.
Simple logos, i.e. those that are monochrome or simplistic in design, on average see around an hour of work time, plus minor design tweak time. More detailed logos from therein increase in design detail, and thus, time.
I don't skimp on quality just because a logo's design is simpler than another. All of my logos get the same quality check but it's just a fact that some take longer than others. My quality is always guaranteed!
I work virtually (telecommute) so that means I can design what you need no matter where you are. Although I am a graphic designer in the Dallas area, I regularly do graphic design for clients all over the United States and other countries. I have a history of doing graphic design for clients who reside in Dallas, Texas, New York, California, Orlando, Florida, Hawaii, and as far away as Japan. So no matter where you are, I can be your graphic designer.
Many graphic designers have one particluar thing they do well and they choose to stick to that. As a graphic desiger, myself, I am lucky enough to be successful in a lot of disciplines. But how do you choose a great graphic designer?
A deep and diverse graphic design portfolio is a showcase of a graphic designer's talents. The amount of the designs is important, but the quality of their graphic design work speaks volumes, because that is the kind of work you can expect to see yourself.
Versatility is another important trait of great graphic designer. The ability to show that you can handle any task, familiar and foreign is something that any really good graphic designer should be able to show. Having a versatile graphic designer you trust ensures you the security that any design project you can throw at him will be accomplished with the same flair and quality as all of his previous graphic design projects.
Thoughtful questioning is another sign of the right graphic designer. I ask specific questions to a client to get to know:
Experience and location are essential in picking a graphic designer. If you're looking for a graphic design guru but are more worried about the price rather than the quality and your satisfaction, then what you're actually looking for is anybody out there with access to graphic design software. Not good...Lots of people turn to graphic designers in other countries —We've all heard the stories about graphic designers in India. The exchange rate may seem beneficial to some but in actuality, wether or not they satisfy your graphic design needs, you're at their mercy. Being a graphic designer in Dallas, TX, I have a verifyable work history, accessible state-side references, and do business with American-based finiancial systems that make sure all of your payments are safe, secure, and protected from fly-by-night tactics, unlike some graphic designers.
When choosing a great graphic designer, do not use price as the leading factor in your decision. The fact is many people look for the cheapest graphic designer but in the end wind up with cheap graphics to match the price. Don't be fooled. Budget is always a factor, but many people use that word as a crutch when in fact they are just being cheap. You can always find someone who will design your logo for $5, $10, $15 flat. Just remember that that is not a bargain, but a reason. Great graphic design is an investment and you should approach it as an investment. So if you find a graphic designer (me) with a deep and diverse portfolio (me), and you appreciate (my) design work, seriously consider making [me] your official graphic designer.


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Former Lead Developer, Hall of Fame member, and current coverage personality Randy Buehler is Erin's guest this week.
Tags: Community, Coverage, Erin Campbell, Explicit, Interview, NSFW, podcast, Pro Tour, Randy Buehler, The Deck Tease
Former Lead Developer, Hall of Fame member, and current coverage personality Randy Buehler is Erin's guest this week.
Tags: Community, Coverage, Erin Campbell, Explicit, Interview, NSFW, podcast, Pro Tour, Randy Buehler, The Deck Tease
There's much more to Standard than it looks. Blake pulls the best bits from the pros at Cincinnati.
Tags: Analysis, Blake Rasmussen, Constructed, Coverage, editorial, Grand Prix, Grand Prix Cincinnati, Standard
There was good, bad, and great during Worlds Week. Nassim shares what you need to know from five days of Magic.
Tags: Analysis, Coverage, editorial, M14, Magic 2014, Nassim Ketita, Standard, World Championships, Worlds Week
You've heard from the players at Vegas. Blake shares what went on behind the scenes.
Tags: Blake Rasmussen, Coverage, editorial, Grand Prix, Grand Prix Las Vegas, Story
How did Blake break into Magic coverage writing? This is his story, filled with tools and tips for everyone who wants to write.
Tags: Blake Rasmussen, Community, Coverage, Editing, editorial, Journalism, Writing
Limited specialist. Pro Tour and Grand Prix commentator. DailyMTG writer. Robert interviews a man of many Magic hats, Marshall Sutcliffe.
Tags: Coverage, DailyMTG, Interview, Limited, Marshall Sutcliffe, podcast, Pro Tour, Robert Martin, The Magic Studio
You watched the coverage. Blake shows what it took to make that happen at Pro Tour Gatecrash.
Tags: Analysis, Blake Rasmussen, Coverage, Pro Tour, Pro Tour Gatecrash, Recap
by Jon Corpora
Alcohol. Vulgarity. Passion. These are Jon's tools when looking at Pro Tour Gatecrash coverage.
Tags: Analysis, Coverage, editorial, Jon Corpora, NSFW, Pro Tour, Pro Tour Gatecrash, Review, Writing
by Jon Corpora
Is coverage for other games really the difference in popularity? Jon believes there's more to the story.
Tags: Coverage, editorial, Jon Corpora, League of Legends, Pro Tour, Streaming
What makes eSports and Magic so different? StarCraft II fanatic Chingsung shares the real similarities, and differences, that matter for event coverage!
Tags: Analysis, chingsung chang, Coverage, editorial, Opinion, Recap, Review, Tournament
GatheringMagic.com, which used to be ManaNation.com, is a website about Magic: The Gathering, owned by CoolStuffInc.com LLC. Magic: The Gathering, the mana symbols, the tap symbol and all other related images are owned by Wizards of the Coast. GatheringMagic.com is unaffiliated with Wizards of the Coast.


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Famous quotes by Philip Caldwell:Sort:PopularA - Z
|The important thing to recognize is that it takes a team, and the team ought to get credit for the wins and the losses. Successes have many fathers, failures have none.
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New Looks: Claire Pettibone For Wedding Paper Divas | Vol. 2February 10th, 2014 – Comment
I am thrilled to share a project very dear to my heart…wedding invitations designed exclusively for Wedding Paper Divas! When I create a collection, I envision the entire wedding…the venue, the flowers, the dress…it all comes together to tell a story, and the wedding invitation is the first hint of things to come.
One of nature's most unique gifts, the butterfly captures the imagination with her kaleidoscope of colors and the symbolism of re-birth and finding true beauty within.
Butterflies naturally come to mind when thinking of a garden wedding. I would love to see this lush suite paired with some of my most romantic gowns.
See more of Fluttering Forever and the entire invitation collection at weddingpaperdivas.com
Featured Claire Pettibone gowns: Papillon and Minuet. View the entire collection at clairepettibone.com
All gown images by Elizabeth Messina
Bouquet: K. Burnham Floral Design
Cake Image by : Amy Carroll Photography
New Looks: Claire Pettibone for Wedding Paper Divas | Vol. 1February 6th, 2014 – Comment
Wedding Paper Divas approached me back in April of last year, and asked me to design a collection of wedding invitations. I'm thrilled to finally reveal this project that we have been sketching, painting and scripting over the last 6 months. When looking for inspiration, I often find it in paintings from some of the world's master artists. What better place to start when composing my first wedding invitation suites for Wedding Paper Divas?!
Dramatic arrangements of flora and fauna set against a dramatic dark background exude a mysterious romanticism. "Still Life of flowers on a Marble Table" by Rachel Ruysch, displays the brilliance of nature's beauty.
Everything I design is so romantic, but sometimes a bit of mystery, a touch of the dark, tempers the sweetness.
I really wanted to bring the still life painting to life. The bride dressed in delicate lace represents the lily which embodies purity and hope. The colors and elements surrounding her have meaning and symbolism of their own, and together, they tell a beautiful story.
In the second half of the 17th century, the art of the floral still-life reached the height of fashion. A stunning bouquet of white lilies and pink peonies alongside golden pomegranates – a symbol for prosperity, bring good fortune to our lucky couple.
See more of Midnight Bouquet, Lush Life and the entire invitation collection at weddingpaperdivas.com
Featured Claire Pettibone gowns: Brigitte, Mariposa and Lily. View the entire collection at clairepettibone.com
All gown images by Elizabeth Messina
Bouquet image by Sarah Winward of Honey and a Thousand Flowers
Blackberry cocktail photo by Jen Fariello Photography
Still Life painting by Dupuis Pierre
Musings: Still Life PreviewNovember 20th, 2013 – Comment
I am so excited to share my Still Life Collection. It all started with a Dutch masterpiece "Still Life of Flowers on a Marble Table," by Rachel Ruysch, 1716. In the second half of the 17th century, the art of the floral still-life reached the height of fashion. Dramatic arrangements of flora and fauna, insects and fruits, set against dramatic dark backgrounds exude a mysterious romanticism.
Graceful details adorn delicate silks and laces gilded in gold, glowing as if lit from within. The rich floral embroideries give the effect of a painting come to life, while a few artful butterflies flutter in. The brilliance of nature's beauty is highlighted to dramatic effect, just as the bride becomes the center of our attention.
We invite you to be the first to view and try on the Still Life Collection during our Holiday Preview in Los Angeles, at the Castle, by appointment, December 6th and 7th.
7415 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90036
310.360.6268 | email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Still Life Collection will be arriving in salons early 2014. Take a sneak peek of the entire collection here, and we invite you to being scheduling appointments with our retailers to experience the gowns in person.
A note to our Flagship visitors:
I make every attempt to be here personally for events at The Castle, and so look forward to meeting our lovely brides during Trunk Shows, but my 6 year old daughter is performing in her first Nutcracker this same weekend, and I just can't miss it! The artist Rachel Ruysch, who's painting inspired this collection had 10(!) children and a very successful career throughout her lifetime (b.1664 d.1750). Obviously, I am following in a long line of women attempting to balance the joys of career and motherhood, and I wouldn't have it any other way. Thank you for understanding and I can't wait to see our first Still Life weddings in the new year!
Events: Once Upon a Time EventNovember 8th, 2013 – Comment
Join us all November long for special pricing on select gowns. See you at the Castle!
View the entire Fall 2014 Still Life collection here.
See the entire collection at Clairepettibone.com
Photographer: Elizabeth Messina
Events: #CLAIREPETTIBONE 2014 Bridal Market Fashion Show Live Instagram Feed October 12thOctober 10th, 2013 – Comment
Join us on Saturday, October 12, 2013 at 11AM ET for the Official Live Instagram Feed of the Claire Pettibone 2014 Runway Fashion Show at NY Bridal Market. The feed will feature Instagram photos of Claire Pettibone's 2014 wedding dress collection. Access the feed here on our blog or on our Facebook page (The tab next to 'Photos'). Spread the word: #CLAIREPETTIBONE!


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Many of you will get assistance from a professional tax preparer or tax software when filing their taxes this year. Better Business Bureau encourages taxpayers to use caution when selecting tax preparation help. Using the wrong preparer could cause the taxpayer a lot of headaches, fines, and fees.
According to the IRS, 80 percent of Americans enlist the help of a tax preparer or tax software when filing their taxes. Unfortunately, every year BBB receives thousands of complaints from consumers against tax preparers. Complainants often state that the tax preparer made errors in their return, which resulted in fines and fees.
BBB wants to remind you, that you are responsible for the accuracy of information on your tax return, whether you prepare the return or hire someone else to do so. Consider these factors:


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Global sensors
The complete range for standard applications – the highest quality at the best priceMore
Systems and Solution
Ideal for the application. Customized. More than just componentsMore
For installation and use in the tightest spaces
Photoelectric precision with red light and laser in small, high-performance designsMore
CAD drawings
Download 2D and 3D filesMore


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Home > Furniture > Tables > End Tables & Side Tables > Gough Round Wooden End Table with Extra Shelf
Gough Round Wooden End Table with Extra Shelf
These finishing touches make a house, your home.
Coaster realizes the importance of your home, which is why they have an endless variety of furniture in countless styles and designs.
The designs are capable of fitting the needs all around the home and the quality is at a level you can trust. This end table features a sleek design and clean lines in a an attractive finish. Its design features tapered legs and a shelf for additional storage. Assembly Required.
Dimensions: 24" L x 24" W x 22" H; 31.02 lbs.
Item sold as One (1) Piece. Other accessories sold separately.
Gough Round Wooden End Table with Extra Shelf
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Taurus Model 856 Lasergrip Handgun Package
Item # GM420204
Key Features
Includes 2 HKS speed loaders & fanny pack holster
Six-shot cylinder
2" barrel
Includes Crimson Trace laser grip
NY/MD compliant with fired case
Our Price $699.99
Sale Price $629.99
Availability: Sold Out
- Additional freight charge of $25.00 applies.
- You must be at least 21 years old to purchase this item.
- Additional discounts do not apply.
Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store and online.
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Product DescriptionThe Model 856 is a lightweight, concealable, six-shot revolver with legendary Taurus reliability. Taurus listened to you and created the lightest six-shot in their line, a revolver that weighs in at a measly 13.2 ounces. This exclusive conceal/carry package includes 2 HKS speed loaders, a fanny pack holster from Bulldog, and a Crimson Trace Lasergrip. New York & Maryland compliant.


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Club competitions
National team competitions
Greece beat Israel 80-54 to finish 3-0 in Group G of the Classification Round at the U18 European Championship Men 2009 in Metz France.
The result saw Greece hold on to their Division A status while the loss for Israel - combined with Ukraine's 79-70 win over the Czech Republic - saw them fall to 1-2 only good enough for third place and more importantly relegate them to Division B.
Italy held off Israel on a score of 66-57 to take their first win at the U18 European Championship Men 2009, in Hagondange, France.
The result means that Italy booked a place in the Qualifying Round while Israel will play to avoid relegation to Division B.
A 13-0 run in the first half propelled Lithuania to an easy 92-53 win over Israel at the U18 European Championship Men 2009 in Metz, France.
Israel led 12-11 late in the first quarter, but Lithuania used their quickness and efficient play in the open court to run off 13 unanswered points and put the game well and truly out of Israel's reach.
Nimrod Tishman made all the right plays down the stretch to help Israel edge out Russia 63-62 in their opening game of the U18 European Championships.
Tishman had a game high 26 points and hit the go-ahead shot with 19 seconds to go and his team held on for a shock win.
36 Sderot Yehudit,, 61573 Tel Aviv, ISRTel.:
+972 (3) 568 66 66Fax:
+972 (3) 568 66 67Email:
President: Amiram HalevySecretary General: Yaacov Ben ShoshanPress contact: Hagay Segal


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In 2010, Praveen Amre left Mumbai cricket after serving successfully as a coach for five years to spend time with family. It pained him to read about the team's poor season and controversies that followed and the former India cricketer decided to return to guide the team this season.
He may not have players like Amol Muzumdar, Ajit Agarkar, Nilesh Kulkarni or Ramesh Powar at his disposal now and will have to deal with a new set of youngsters trying to find a foothold in first class cricket with stalwart Wasim Jaffer still adding experience to the team.
On Wednesday evening, Amre met the Mumbai Cricket Association authorities to discuss what they expected from him.
"I came to know about my appointment through the newspapers. I wanted to meet the MCA authorities and discuss what they expected and tell them how I would like to go about my job. I believe it has to be a process. We have to start with preparations – off season with the probables — followed by match practice in different tournaments, fitness camps during monsoon, interact with the players, then pre-season tournaments followed by Ranji Trophy," Amre said after the meeting.
Talking about his decision to return, Amre said: "I quit after serving Mumbai for five years. It was a tough period. We had to handle the media, criticisms. I had to give time to my daughter as she was young. Being a Mumbai coach, I could have got a good package elsewhere but I wanted to be here. Even when Robin (Uthappa) asked for personal coaching, I told him to come down. I was just one call away, if Mumbai needed me I would have come. I am a die-hard Mumbai man. I know the importance of the cap. I want to be there to help the youngsters that's why I came back."
Apart from Ranji Trophy, Mumbai has been struggling in other formats and Amre will address it too. "Our focus should be there on one dayers and T20s too. These formats are important to players career as they could be considered for the next level," he said.
Amre said the goal while the primary goal is to win the Ranji Trophy, he would also strive to help players develop and prepare them for bigger challenges.
Mumbai's batting has been dependent on Jaffer. Amre feels the youngsters will have to pull up their socks. "Nobody can be compared with Wasim. He has enough experience and is a different player. The youngster will have to come up any how. That's why I again stress the importance of practice matches and pre tour season matches. To replace a good player you have to find good youngsters."
Is a turnaround possible this year? "The three titles under me were not fluke. It was a result of hard work and commitment by players. We would like to do the same with focus on the basics. A turnaround is definitely possible," he added.


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Youth and Community Resources
The Baltimore County Police Department is committed to establishing working relationships with citizen groups and organizations that work toward community goals. The Community Resources Team works with the following programs:
- Crime Prevention
- Police and Private Security
- Police Community Relations Councils
- Baltimore County Police and Fire Chaplains
- Citizens on Patrol
- Mediation Program
- Baltimore County Grants
- Multicultural Relations (en Español)
- Portable Basketball Goals Law
Juvenile Programs
Juvenile Offenders in Need of Supervision (JOINS) Program
The mission of this program is to prevent juvenile delinquency by diverting threshold offenders from the juvenile justice system.
Children in Need of Supervision
Get more information about the program which intervenes with youth and families who are at risk of being referred in juvenile court.
Youth Leadership Academy
The Youth Leadership Academy's primary objective is to afford an opportunity for young people ages 14 through 18 to become informed and educated about the many aspects of police work. The Academy is designed to give the attendees exposure as to why police respond to various situations in a particular way and how they ultimately handle those situations.
Adult Programs
Elder or Vulnerable Adult Abuse Program
The Baltimore County Police Department is committed to protecting and supporting its elder and vulnerable adult citizens through the investigation of allegations of abuse.
Citizens' Police Academy
The Citizens' Police Academy's primary objective is to afford an opportunity for community, business and religious leaders to become informed and educated about the many aspects of police work. The Academy is designed to give the attendees exposure as to why police respond to various situations in a particular way and how they ultimately handle those situations.
Police and Fire Chaplains
Chaplains provide spiritual counseling and assistance to members of the Baltimore County Police and Fire Departments upon request. They also assist with death notifications, visit or contact sick or injured members, participate in funerals of active and retired members, attend Department ceremonies to perform invocations and benedictions and respond to all major disasters in Baltimore County.
If you are interested in becoming a chaplain, review the minimum qualification requirements (PDF) and download the application form (PDF). Follow the instructions for submission. Email Sergeant Leonard at email@example.com with any questions about the chaplain program or application process.
Contact Information
For more information on Youth and Community Resources call Commanding Officer Captain J. Brown at 410-887-5901 or call Assistant Commander Lieutenant Ralph Donahoe at 410-887-2597. For information regarding specific programs refer to the contact numbers below.
- Youth and Community Resources: Call 410-887-5901.
- Youth Leadership Academy: Call 410-887-5901.
Revised February 12, 2015