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Two Catholic Posts on EWL
By MIRANDA CELESTE HALE - EXQUISITE WITH LOVE
Added: Mon, 28 Jun 2010 09:07:27 UTC
William McMurry, an attorney from Louisville, Kentucky, wants to subpoena the Pope and other Vatican officials in order to determine what the Vatican knew about both his specific case (involving three Kentucky men who allege that they were sexually abused by priests) and about the many other institutionally-sanctioned coverups of clergy sexual abuse in the United States. The information obtained from these depositions would most likely reveal the extent of the Vatican's culpability in these matters.
Bill Donohue has (of course) weighed in on this in a statement entitled "Vatican Lawsuit Driven By Hate". I'm so accustomed to Donohue's persecution complex and eager willingness to twist the facts to support his opinion on any given issue that it rarely shocks me anymore. This statement, though, is particularly and unabashedly dishonest on multiple accounts, three of which I'll discuss in this post.
Donohue begins:
It is a staple of anti-Catholic thinking that every priest on the face of the globe takes his marching orders from the pope, and that every instance of priestly wrongdoing is known to the Holy Father and his inner circle.
Wrong. Firstly, "[e]very priest on the face of the globe" indeed does take "his marching orders from the pope." A quick look at official Church doctrine makes this clear. The following information comes from the "Hierarchy" entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia. Because this was written in 1910, some of the language is arcane and can be a bit confusing, especially if you are not familiar with Church doctrine. As such, for the sake of clarity, I've "translated" parts of it (where the text is bolded and in parentheses) into more understandable language. In addition, I've also bolded two especially relevant passages:
As you've probably heard by now, Belgian police recently raided various offices, residences, and a cathedral crypt of the Belgian Catholic church, collecting evidence regarding alleged clergy sex abuse and subsequent coverups (sound familiar?). Police sealed and searched Church headquarters and confiscated computers and files, including those detailing the Church's internal inquiry (read: "we'll take care of this ourselves. No need to get the pesky police involved!") into alleged sexual abuse of children.
The Vatican is positively indignant about this, expressing anger the likes of which they have never shown towards the priests involved in the sexual abuse of children or towards the Church officials who were complicit in the widespread and institutionally-sanctioned coverups of this abuse.
Today, Pope Benedict wrote this to the Belgian bishops' conference:
I want to express, dear brother in the Episcopate, as well as to all the Bishops of Belgium, my closeness and solidarity in this moment of sadness, in which, with certain surprising and deplorable methods, searches were carried out.
(The letter itself is available in only French and Italian. Here's a rough English translation, via Google Translate.)
Vatican officials also expressed "shock" and "indignation" about the manner in which the raids were conducted and insisted that, in addition to civil law, canon law must also be allowed a role in abuse investigations and inquiries. (Um, no. How hard is it to understand that canon law does not (and must never be allowed to) have any authority in the non-Catholic world?)
Viewpoints: Why is faith falling in the...
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Update - Too crazy even for the...
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update - too crazy even for the evangelical right
Barton's Fall From Grace
David Barton says his documents prove that the Founding Fathers were deeply religious men who built America on Christian ideas - but do his sources check out?
Pussy Riot's closing statement
Cory Doctorow - BoingBoing Comments
Pussy Riot member Yekaterina Samutsevich has given a tremendous closing statement, which is a masterful summary of Russian oligarchy
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Witchcraft-based child abuse: Action...
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The government has launched an action plan to tackle child abuse linked to witchcraft or religion in England.
A worthless and dangerous report
Miranda Celeste Hale -... 34 Comments
A dirty little girl, her head hanging...
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Resources for History of Science Research in the Jimmy
Carter Library
The four years of the Carter administration (January 1977- January 1981) were an era of transition in the nation's outlook toward the physical sciences. The soaring oil costs of the 1970s led to interest in fuel efficiency and new sources of energy, while also leading to budget constraints that curtailed other projects, such as space exploration. Typical of the shift in scientific interests was the instigation of development of a reusable space shuttlethe idea being that, if the USA was going to have spacecraft, these would have to be at least reusable ones rather than one-shot-only contrivances.
Weather and environmental issues also loomed larger, as natural disasters like the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption and technological accidents like Three Mile Island occurred. Several years of the late Seventies brought unusually cold weather while, ironically, fears of climatic change and global warming were being voiced. Jimmy Carter, trained as a naval engineer at the U.S. Naval Academy and with post-graduate courses in nuclear science, brought more knowledge and interest in hard science to the Oval Office than is generally the case, and put his primary focus on the creation of the Department of Energy (DOE).
The Science and Technology Advisor to President Carter was geoscientist Frank Press, who also served as Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). He was assisted by Laurence H. Linden, Senior Policy Analyst, OSTP. This office dealt with policy issues, physical sciences, and environmental and natural resources issues. The files of this office cover research and development programs, national energy policies, industrial innovation, and scientific and technological exchange agreements with the newly recognized People's Republic of China. (Even before the U.S. gave diplomatic recognition, China had begun sharing weather data, atmospheric radiation data, and satellite launch information on the USSR from Sinkiang observation bases.) The files of Frank Press as Science and Technology Advisor to President Carter are open to researchers. (Papers concerned strictly with his OSTP duties are archived in the National Archives at College Park, Maryland.) The records from his office, including those of Laurence H. Linden, amount to 18 boxes of paperwork (about 9 linear feet). The subjects touched on include nuclear policy, Three Mile Island, alcohol fuels and synthetic fuels, earthquake prediction, hazardous wastes reduction research, basic research in various fields of military and civilian use, satellite communications, and enhanced radiation research (neutron bomb). Some of this material is security classified and unavailable for research.
The largest set of files in the Jimmy Carter Library is the White House Central Files (WHCF) which is divided by topics, each signified by a two-letter abbreviation. The WHCF files in the Atomic/Nuclear Energy division (AT) include reports and correspondence on nuclear proliferation, the Clinch River Breeder Reactor, and the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. The WHCF files on Disasters (DI) contain correspondence between the Domestic Policy Staff and the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA). FEMA was concerned with both natural and manmade disasters, and topics include oil spills, toxic wastes, Love Canal, and Three Mile Island. Natural disasters include floods, droughts, blizzards, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Much material on the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens and its possible effect on weather is here. Natural disasters in other countries (Romania, China, Turkey, and Pakistan) are also documented. The WHCF Health Series(HE) has material on air pollution, hazardous wastes, and effects on health of the eruption of Mount St. Helens, as well as cancer rates among civilians and military personal as a lingering effect of nuclear tests in the 1950s.
The WHCF Outer Space Series(OS) is composed of correspondence between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and various executive offices, including the Office of Management and Budget and the National Security Council. Annual reports to Congress from the President's staff, those to the President from his Science and Technology Adviser, progress reports on the Space Shuttle, and letters from the public are here. The letters include some from UFOlogists, since Carter had made the campaign promise to make public any reports on aliens and flying saucers, and this evoked a large response among UFO fans.
The WHCF Sciences Series (SC) consists primarily of correspondence to the President and responses by the Domestic Policy Staff. Some subjects covered are renewable energy sources (solar, geothermal, ocean thermal, biomass), atmospheric investigation projects (climate changes, acid rain, storm predictions), and oceanographic activities. Other topics include proposals and reports on nuclear arms proliferation, basic research in science and technology, and correspondence on a National Solar Energy Institute.
Perhaps the leading accomplishment of the Carter administration in scientific fields was the creation of a cabinet-level Department of Energy in 1977. The James R. Schlesinger papers deal with the political, organizational, and scientific issues in the creation of the DOE. Files at the Carter Library deal only with the setting up of the agency, while the working files of the DOE are stored at the National Archives. The DOE was partly the result of reorganizing several smaller and overlapping agencies, and partly the result of trying to solve the energy crunch of the late 1970s. Many proposals, both political and technological, by public and private groups, are available here.
Material on the above topics includes technical reports, administrative memoranda, and correspondence on legislation linked to the various projects. The Carter Library has been open to researchers since 1987. Approximately half the files of the Carter White House have been processed and are now available to researchers. The Carter Presidential Library is located in Atlanta, Georgia. A Web site is maintained at www.jimmycarterlibrary.org. The e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com. Postal inquiries should be addressed to Jimmy Carter Library, 441 Freedom Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30307.

subset: commoncrawl


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Chile Vacations - Travel guide to Chile accommodations and vacation packages. Visit Chile for getaways and adventure travel. Plan your Chile vacation today.
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Holtz Childrens Hospital
Politics And Public Fear Drive Ebola Scare In Miami-Dade
The experts at the Centers For Disease Control told Florida Sunday not to expend resources testing a West Africa boy for Ebola.
Mayor: I Requested Ebola Test Be Conducted Out Of Caution
A sick teenager has been taken to Jackson Memorial Hospital out of a precaution due to unknown illness.
CBS4 Source Reveals Details Behind Chaos After Miami Club Shooting
Surveillance video from the Guyanese Consulate next door to The Spot shows the chaos that ensued after gunfire erupted in the Miami club early Sunday morning, injuring more than a dozen people.
6-Yr-Old With Severe Diagnosis Recovering Thanks To Special Treatment
Victoria Bermudez, as many other six-year-old girls, loves to dress up as a princess, dance ballet and do gymnastics—but in February this little girl's life turned upside.
Doctors Help 'Preemies' From Going Blind
One out of every nine babies in the U.S. is born prematurely which could to lead to health complications including serious vision problems.
Doctors Spare Their Hair For Patients
A Miami doctor will go under the knife, or in this case scissors, to help cancer patients on Thursday.
Children Who Survived Cutler Bay Fire Talk Recovery
Two children who survived a horrifying experience in a fire at their Cutler Bay house while they were left home alone are speaking exclusively with CBS4 news, saying they are fine and thanking the Miami-Dade firefighter paramedics and emergency medical technicians who saved their lives.
Luncheon Reunites Children Born With Congenital Heart Defects And Their Doctors
These days you see hearts all over the place, in cards and store windows promoting Valentine's Day. But when you see those hearts, please remember that this is also Congenital Heart Defect Awareness week.
New Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit To Open
There's new hope for children suffering from cancer and sickle cell anemia. Tuesday, a new pediatric bone marrow transplant unit will open in Miami.
Girl Recovering After First Ever Quadruple Organ Transplant At Holtz
Her ruby red slippers and sparkly skirt glitter from across the room. Six-year-old Angela Bushi looks like a real live fairytale. In many respects, her life has been saved by a fairytale like rescue.


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Narrow your search
The HP Stream 11 aims to be a cloud-focused laptop, much like a Chromebook, but with the added utility of Windows 8. It's a rock-bottom budget laptop, so don't get your hopes up, but the battery life is impressive.
CNET editors choose and review the best thin and light laptops, notebooks, and ultrabooks.
Razer's newest gaming laptop trades ultralong battery life for a fantastic screen and even better graphics. It's a trade worth making: this is the best Razer gaming laptop, and the best thin gaming PC anywhere.
If the price is right, you don't need to look any further than the Samsung 830 series to upgrade your computer's internal storage to the best possible performance.
Sluggish performance is usually the deal breaker for an entry-level laptop, and though the single-core Compaq Presario CQ62-215DX is far from a speed merchant, its biggest flaw isn't a lack of power but rather the finger power it requires to depress the stiff mouse button.
The Compaq Presario CQ60-615DX covers the basics, and that's really all you can ask for from a $349 laptop.
Saddled with a processor that's bottom-tier, the CQ60-417DX is a budget laptop with the chassis of a superior machine but the guts of an inferior one.
This product is no longer available from HP.
Click here to view HP's latest offers
The HP Compaq Presario SR5610f stirs together a mix of mediocre parts in a cookie-cutter chassis, brewing up an altogether yawn-worthy computer. The price tag falls in line with other budget systems that feature similar components, but we recommend spending $50 more on the Acer x3200, a well designed compact PC that can carry more weight across a wider variety of applications.
This configuration is no longer available from HP.
Click here to view HP's latest offers.
Despite an underpowered CPU, the HP 2133 Mini-Note PC offers the best balance of small size, comfort, and functionality we've seen in a mininotebook, making it fast a favorite for on-the-go use.
Small businesses on tight budgets take note: The HP Compaq 6910p laptop offers enterprise-level features and decent performance at a price that's lower than the competition.
HP's attractive Compaq 2710p convertible tablet suffers from one fatal flaw, choosing a ThinkPad-style pointing stick over a touch pad, effectively ruling it out for a large number of potential users.


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New hormone mimics the effects of physical exercise
Potentially, if turned into a viable drug, irisin could induce the benefits of a workout without the workout (Photo: iStock)
Article Summary
A group of researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, led by Bruce Spiegelman and Pontus Boström, have discovered a hormone that mimics some of the results of a workout by facilitating the transformation of white fat into brown fat. While the purpose of the former is to accumulate excess calories, the latter is used to produce heat. Irisin, named after the Greek goddess Iris, could one day help address obesity and diabetes. However, there is still a long way to go before the hormone is made into an actual drug.
« Back to New hormone mimics the effects of physical exercise
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Date: 02/27/2014
Time: 8:00 AM - 5:00 AM
Location: Garden Room Kirby Student Center (KSC)
Cost: $135/community members; $85 UMD students, faculty, staff, and alumni
Adult Mental Health First Aid is a ground breaking public education program that helps the public identify, understand, and respond to signs of mental illness. Mental Health First Aid introduces participants to the risk factors and warning signs of mental health problems, builds an understanding of their impact, and gives an overview of the common treatments.
Pay Lot G, $3 per day, cash or check
More information: http://www.d.umn.edu/ce/learningopportunities/mentalhealth.html
Disability Options:
Joanne Gerber, UMD Continuing Education, firstname.lastname@example.com, 218-726-6797


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Real news. Real funny.
It's Not News, It's Fark
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mendations, as well as the likelihood and hazards of equipment failure. Maintenance plans should ensure that any lockout procedures cannot be violated.
Carefully handle and store glassware to avoid damage. Discard or repair chipped or cracked items. Handle vacuum-jacketed glassware with extreme care to prevent implosions. Evacuated equipment such as Dewar flasks or vacuum desiccators should be taped, shielded, or coated. Only glassware designed for vacuum work should be used for that purpose.
Use tongs, a tweezer, or puncture-proof hand protection when picking up broken glass. Small pieces should be swept up with a brush into a dustpan. Glassblowing operations should not be attempted unless an area has been made safe for both fabrication and annealing. Protect your hands and body when performing forceful operations involving glassware. For instance, leather or Kevlar® gloves should be used when placing rubber tubing on glass hose connections. Cuts from forcing glass tubing into stoppers or plastic tubing are a common laboratory accident and are often serious. (See Vignette 6.1.) Constructing adaptors from glass tubing and rubber or cork stoppers is obsolete; instead, use fabricated, commercial adaptors made from plastic, metal, or other materials.
(See Chapter 7 for more discussion.)
6.C.7 Working with Scaled-Up Reactions
Special care and planning is necessary to ensure safe scaled-up work. Scale-up of reactions from those producing a few milligrams or grams to those producing more than 100 g of a product may magnify risks by several orders. Although the procedures and controls for large-scale laboratory reactions may be the same as those for smaller-scale procedures, significant differences may exist in heat transfer, stirring effects, times for dissolution, and the effects of concentration—all of which need to be considered. (See Vignette 6.2.) When planning large-scale work, practice requires consulting with experienced workers and considering all possible risks.
Finger laceration from broken tubing connector
A technician planned to replace the rubber vacuum tubing leading from a vacuum pump to a glass cold trap. While attempting to remove the old rubber tubing from the trap, the glass nipple broke and the broken glass cut the employee's thumb. The technician did not don protective gloves or attempt to precut the rubber tubing to ease removal. The employee received three sutures.
Runaway reaction during scale-up
A researcher scaled up the cycloaddition reaction of maleic anhydride with quadricyclane, a strained high-energy hydrocarbon. This reaction is reported in the literature and was also previously performed in the researcher's laboratory without incident, albeit at small scale (<10 g). No solvent is used in the procedure. The researcher combined the reagents (approximately 250 g total, a 20-fold scale-up) and began heating to the 60-70 °C target temperature. On reaching 50-60 °C the internal temperature rose very rapidly to more than 220 °C. The subsequent rapid boiling of the reagents dislodged the reflux condenser and expelled some liquid and solid into the chemical fume hood. There was no fire. The materials were fully contained within the chemical fume hood, with no injuries, personnel exposure, or equipment damage.
The likelihood of runaway exothermic reactions must be considered whenever conducting a reaction on a larger scale than previous experience. In the present example this possibility was increased by the use of ultrapure reagents and the lack of solvent. When using high-energy reagents, it is preferable to run them as dilute as possible in a solvent. This practice significantly lowers the energy density and significantly adds to the thermal mass, which help to decrease the chance of a runaway reaction. Slow addition of one reagent also limits the effects of an exothermic reaction.
Although one cannot always predict whether a scaled-up reaction has increased risk, hazards should be evaluated if the following conditions exist:
• The starting material and intermediates contain functional groups that have a history of being explosive (e.g., N—N, N—O, N—halogen, O—O, and O—halogen bonds) or that could explode to give a large increase in pressure.
• A reactant or product is unstable near the reaction or workup temperature. A preliminary test to determine the temperature and mode of de-


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The supermodel has traded the runway for the real estate market. And her latest listing comes with some impressive neighbors.
What Does A $500,000 Closet Look Like?
Karlie Kloss's West Village townhouse is a dream in mixed (but subtle!) patterns. See more on The Coveteur.
Cindy Crawford's Malibu home, photographed for ELLE DECOR, was designed by Michael S. Smith, and nails the California cool—with a hint of European flair—vibe.


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LG sub-$1000 UHD TV (40UB800T) review
Tomorrow's tech available today -- and for a steal
Tomorrow's tech available today -- and for a steal
Australia's first curved-screen smartphone has arrived and there is more to it than a pretty face.
Upcoming LG smart televisions in 2015 will run webOS 2.0, its second generation smart television platform. The operating system works easily with companion devices, including smartphones, tablets and PCs, has an ecosystem of apps and can be used to surf the world wide web. Here are its newest and its best features.
Samsung proudly showcased its next generation of products in Bali at the Samsung Forum 2014. On display was a curved television that had UHD resolution, a new mirrorless camera, the line up of powerful Pro tablets and much, much more.
Netflix, Stan and Presto all have a place on the fifteen UHD televisions Samsung has launched in Australia as the manufacturer increases its support for Internet streaming services.
Samsung Australia has announced the release of its factory calibrated UD970 professional monitor.
AOC, the in-house brand of global monitor manufacturing behemoth TPV, has released two monitors in Australia, the 68P and the 77F.
Sony AX100E 4K camera is three-quarters smaller than the company's original, but it still manages to incorporate popular features such as wireless connectivity and slow motion recording.
'If you build it, they will come' appears to be the ethos of Samsung's vigilant Ultra HD campaign, as the company continues to release products that support the standard in spite of a lack in content.
Upcoming LG smart televisions in 2015 will run webOS 2.0, its second generation smart television platform. The operating system works easily with companion devices, including smartphones, tablets and PCs, has an ecosystem of apps and can be used to s...
The next television standard will deliver content on our screens in far greater detail than what is currently available. The official name for the standard is Ultra high-definition (UHD), and it ushers an age of TV in detail previously unavailable. S...
The latest business news, reviews, features and whitepapers
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First impression on unpacking the Q702 test unit was the solid feel and clean, minimalist styling.
For work use, Microsoft Word and Excel programs pre-installed on the device are adequate for preparing short documents.
The Fujitsu LifeBook UH574 allowed for great mobility without being obnoxiously heavy or clunky. Its twelve hours of battery life did not disappoint.
The screen was particularly good. It is bright and visible from most angles, however heat is an issue, particularly around the Windows button on the front, and on the back where the battery housing is located.
My first impression after unboxing the Q702 is that it is a nice looking unit. Styling is somewhat minimalist but very effective. The tablet part, once detached, has a nice weight, and no buttons or switches are located in awkward or intrusive positions.


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Accusing the Congress of weakening the country's federal structure by ignoring autonomy of States, the BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi on Sunday promised to strengthen its foundation if his party came to power.
Addressing about one lakh people at a "Vijay Sankalp Rally" on the outskirts of the city, Mr. Modi accused the Congress of "playing politics," not acknowledging the autonomy of States and destabilising the federal structure much to the annoyance of State governments.
In fact, the Congress weakened all institutions of democracy in its quest for centralising power and skirting accountability, Mr. Modi said. . The autonomy of democratic institutions would be restored if the BJP came to power.
Urging voters to root out the Congress in the Lok Sabha election, he asked the crowd to take a pledge that it would 'vote for India' unlike in previous elections, when the people voted for individuals or a party.
"Jayanthi tax"
The Gujarat Chief Minister took at a dig at the former Union Minister for Environment and Forests, alleging that no file in the Ministry could be approved unless a 'Jayanthi Tax' was paid.
Mr. Modi criticised the Aam Aadmi Party, without naming it, saying some new friends had come up to save the Congress and they were criticising the BJP for corruption, oblivious of the long, dedicated and selfless service of BJP leaders such as Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Taking a dig at the media, Mr. Modi said it was so obsessed with what was happening in Delhi that it often ignored the good things happening in Goa and elsewhere in the country. "People should not believe in those who are seen only on TV," he said in a veiled attack on the AAP.
He blamed the Congress and its allies for taking the country back by 50 years and said the party had infected the country's polity with ills caused by dynasty-rule and corruption.
Attacking Union Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde for urging States to exercise caution when detaining youth from minority communities on terror charges, he asked. "Does crime have a religion?" He called for a halt to the Congress' 'vote bank' politics.
Keywords: BJP prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi, Sushilkumar Shinde, attacks on minority communities, Environment Ministry, Goa rally, Jayantha Natarajan


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I come from the MS Access database world where I'm used to link to tables in other databases using the Linked ODBC function.
What is the SQL Server equivalent to this feature?
PS: In SQL Server I want to link to other SQLServer databases on other servers and some Access databases.


text:
A method and apparatus for providing a single digital simulation of a circuit with analog and digital components. A netlist characterizing a circuit with analog and digital components is utilized. The netlist defines each component in the circuit and its interconnections. The netlist is conveyed to a digital simulator which includes an expanded cell library. The cell library defines analog components in a digital manner. The digitally defined analog components process analog signals which are simulated as arrays of binary values, termed vector voltages. The vector voltages may be combined, mathematically or logically, with other vector voltages to produce binary signals suitable as inputs to digital circuit elements. Regardless of the complexity of the circuit, and despite the fact that both analog and digital components are present, a single integrated digital simulation of the entire circuit is rapidly executed by utilizing digital models of the analog components.
1. A method of digitally simulating the operation of an electronic circuit having both analog and digital components, said method comprising the steps of:
storing in a memory module of a data processor a netlist representing a specified electronic circuit, said netlist containing a list of analog and digital circuit components and corresponding connections for each of said components;
retrieving from a cell library stored in said memory module of said data processor, digital circuit models for each of said analog and digital circuit components in said netlist; and
simulating the operation of said specified electronic circuit on a digital circuit simulator that simulates said specified electronic circuit with said digital circuit models, said simulation step including representing each analog signal received and processed by said specified electronic circuit as a vector of binary signal values.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of said digital circuit models in said cell library represents an analog circuit component which receives at least one analog input signal represented as a vector of binary signal values and which outputs at least one separate binary signal suitable for use as an input signal to a digital circuit component.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said representing step includes providing at least an 8 bit vector of binary signal values for each of said analog signals.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said retrieving step includes supplying a digitally modeled capacitor, voltage source, and comparator.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said retrieving step includes supplying a digitally modeled resistor ladder and summing element.
6. A method of digitally simulating on a digital circuit simulator the operation of an electronic circuit having both analog and digital components, said method comprising the steps of:
storing in a memory module of a data processor a netlist representing a specified electronic circuit, said netlist containing a list of analog and digital circuit components and corresponding connections for each of said components;
converting each of said analog and digital circuit components in said netlist to a corresponding digital circuit model comprising a set of specified mathematical relationships between binary input and binary output signals; and
simulating the operation of said specified electronic circuit with said digital circuit models, said simulating step including representing analog input signals into said specified circuit and analog signals generated by said analog circuit components as a vector of binary signal values.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said representing step includes providing at least a 8 bit vector of binary signal values for each of said analog signals.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said converting step includes supplying a digitally modeled capacitor, voltage source, and comparator.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein said converting step includes supplying a digitally modeled resistor ladder and summing element.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said digital capacitor includes three time inputs, t1, t2, and t3, the operation of said digital capacitor including the steps of subtracting a first voltage value from a Vinput value at time 2 and subtracting a second voltage value from said Vinput value at time 3.
11. An apparatus for simulating the operation of an actual circuit which includes digital and analog components, said apparatus comprising:
means for storing a netlist defining an actual circuit including a plurality of digital and analog circuit components and their corresponding interconnections; and
means for analyzing said netlist, said analyzing means including
means for defining analog voltage values received and processed by said actual electronic circuit as vector-voltage values, and
means for providing digital representations of said analog components, whereby said analyzing means provides a single digital simulation of the operation of an actual circuit with analog and digital components.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said analyzing means includes a digital simulator with an expanded cell library including modeled digital capacitors, digital resistors, digital comparators, digital voltage sources, and digital summation elements.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said analyzing means includes a CPU, a user interface coupled to said CPU, and memory means coupled to said CPU and said user interface, said memory means storing said netlist, said digital simulator, and said cell library.
This invention relates generally to devices which simulate the operation of circuits. More particularly, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a digital simulation for a circuit which includes both analog and digital elements.
Electronic devices commonly include analog and digital elements. As a result, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to provide an interface between the two types of signals. Typical analog-to-digital converters include resistor ladders, capacitor arrays, sampled-data comparators, and analog multiplexers, as well as a variety of digital circuits. The digital and analog circuit elements may interact in many different ways. For instance, the digital circuitry may strobe comparators and drive analog multiplexers for routing of analog voltage levels. The analog elements often generate signals interfacing to the digital circuitry. Partitioning the analog and digital domains is difficult because of the existence of feedback signals between the two domains. Analog-to-digital converter architectures continue to grow in complexity as multiple steps and trimming algorithms are employed to obtain higher resolutions. Prior to physical implementation, these and other complex circuit designs are typically tested through a computerized simulation. Simulating a circuit with analog and digital components generally requires separate simulations of the analog and digital blocks.
There are a number of problems with this approach. Primarily, this approach does not detect errors at the interface between the two domains. This interface region of the circuit is susceptible to a number of problems. For instance, resistor tap-points may be off center, decoder or encoder values may be incorrect, capacitor ratios may be mismatched, or the availability of memory addresses may be mismatched with an address strobe. These problems, and others, are often encountered, but they are not detectable by using separate conventional digital and analog simulations.
In addition to the problem of detecting errors at the domain interface, prior art circuit simulation techniques are unsatisfactory to the extent that they rely upon analog simulations. Analog simulations are commonly run on simulators such as SPICE. These simulators are relatively slow. In contrast, digital simulators such as Verilog or Hilo are relatively fast.
Another difficulty associated with running separate simulations for the analog and digital components of a circuit is that the separate simulations do not account for feedback signals which may exist between the two blocks.
Mixed signal simulation design tools presently exist. However, these tools are complex and have not resulted in practical design verification tools.
Thus, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a single circuit simulator for both the analog and digital components of a circuit.
It is a related object of the present invention to provide a circuit simulator which is capable of detecting errors at the interface between digital and analog domains.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a circuit simulator which simulates both the analog and digital components of a circuit in a digital format.
It is a related object of the present invention to provide a fast mixed signal circuit simulator.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a circuit simulator which accounts for feedback signals between analog and digital domains.
These and other objects are achieved by a method and apparatus for providing a single digital simulation of a circuit with analog and digital components. A netlist characterizing a circuit with analog and digital components is utilized. The netlist defines each component in the circuit and its interconnections. The netlist is conveyed to a digital simulator which includes an expanded cell library. The cell library defines analog components in a digital manner. The digitally defined analog components process analog signals which are simulated as arrays of binary values, termed vector-voltages. The vector-voltages may be combined, mathematically or logically, with other vector- voltages to produce binary signals suitable as inputs to the digitally modeled analog circuit elements. In addition, vector-voltages can be converted, using circuit elements such as comparators, into digital logic signals suitable as inputs to digital circuit elements. Regardless of the complexity of the circuit, and despite the fact that both analog and digital components are present, a single integrated digital simulation of the entire circuit is rapidly executed by utilizing digital models of the analog components.
For a better understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a general purpose computer which may used in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a depiction of an analog capacitor coupled to a gate which switches the capacitor to a number of voltage sources.
FIG. 3 is a graph of voltage as a function of time for the capacitor of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a depiction of a digital capacitor modeled in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a table reflecting the various outputs of the digital capacitor of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an analog voltage to digital voltage conversion model which may be used in accordance with a 16 bit embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a depiction of a resistor ladder utilized in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a depiction of a summation element utilized in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a depiction of a comparator utilized in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a depiction of a voltage source utilized in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a table depicting appropriate analog to digital conversion values for a digital voltage source.
FIG. 12 is a schematic of a 3-bit parallel A/D converter.
FIG. 13 is a representation, in accordance with the present invention, of a portion of the A/D converter of FIG. 12.
Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, a general purpose computer 20 which may be used in accordance with the present invention is depicted. The computer 20 includes a CPU 22 which is coupled to user interface 24; the user interface 24 includes a keyboard, mouse, monitor, and printer. Memory 25 is coupled to CPU 22 and user interface 24; memory 25 may be any combination of disk memory, RAM, and ROM.
A netlist 26 is stored within memory 25. As is known in the art, a netlist comprises a list of physical circuit components and the interconnections between those components. Thus, the netlist 26 defines the interconnections between all functional elements in a physical circuit. By simulating the operation of the physical circuit represented by the netlist, the entire physical circuit can be tested for proper operation prior to fabrication.
A digital simulator 28 is provided for this purpose. A number of commercially available digital simulators are known in the art, including Verilog and Hilo. For purposes of illustration, the present invention is disclosed in relation to a Verilog simulator and its corresponding syntax, however, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the teachings of the invention are equally applicable to other digital simulators.
The digital simulator 28 includes a cell library 30. The cell library 30 stores the attributes corresponding to the function of the individual physical circuit components. Thus, by way of example, a typical digital simulator includes attribute information for an AND gate 32, a NOR gate 34, a counter 36, and a memory array 38. The AND gate cell 32 represents a physical circuit element having the following attributes: it generates an output of ONE if its two inputs are ONE, otherwise its output is ZERO. The NOR gate cell 34 represents a physical circuit element which generates an output of ONE if its two inputs are ZERO, otherwise its output is ZERO. The counter cell 36 represents a physical circuit element which keeps track of the number of pulses applied to it. The output of the counter 36 is a binary array of numbers, for instance a 16 bit array. This array can then be utilized directly by the circuit or converted to a decimal format for output for analysis by an operator of the digital simulator 28. Digital simulator 28 also includes a memory array cell 38 which outputs a binary array of numbers.
Digital simulator 28 uses a full cell library 30 to model all physical digital components within a digital circuit. As is known in the art, digital simulators are capable of providing a complete simulation of a proposed circuit, as defined by the netlist, in a relatively short period of time. This time advantage stands in contrast to the time-consuming process of providing an analog simulation of a circuit.
In accordance with the present invention, the cell library 30 of digital simulator 28 is expanded to include models for analog circuit elements. Thus, the digital simulator 28 of the present invention is not limited to digital components, but is expanded to include analog elements as well. Digital modeling of analog circuit components results in a number of benefits. First, a rapid simulation of a physical circuit with analog elements is achieved. Next, the digital modeling of physical analog circuit elements obviates the necessity of running two separate simulations, one for the analog components of the circuit and one for the digital components of the circuit. In addition, the single digital simulation allows a unified analysis of the interaction between the digital and analog physical elements, including the effect of feedback between the separate domains.
In accordance with the present invention, digital models are provided for a number of physical analog components. Models for a capacitor 40, a resistor ladder 42, a summation element 44, a comparator 46, and an analog voltage source 48 are provided herein.
A digital capacitor model in accordance with the present invention is disclosed in relation to FIGS. 2-5. Turning to FIG. 2, an analog capacitor 50 is depicted. The analog capacitor 50 is coupled to a switch 52 which may be moved to a number of voltage sources including Vin 54, v-- msb 56, and vdac 58. The output of the analog capacitor 50 is shown herein as being coupled to a comparator 60.
Analog capacitors 50 are used in actual analog-to-digital converters to sample-and-hold analog input voltages and subtract algorithmically generated voltage levels from initially acquired voltages. The operation of such a capacitor 50 is depicted in relation to FIG. 3. At time t1 the comparator 60 is biased to its trip point Vtrip and "node a" of capacitor 50 is tied to Vin 54. Time t1 is known as the auto zero and acquisition time. During this phase, the comparator 60 output at "node b" is shorted to its input in order to bias the comparator. The trip point is unobservable by the digital circuitry; therefore, Vtrip is assigned a zero value. The sampling of the input voltage and subsequent switching operations determine the comparator output; consequently, it is necessary to model the charge redistributive properties of the capacitor 50.
At time t2, the capacitor 50 is switched to voltage v-- msb 56. In this example, v-- msb is a value derived from a resistor ladder, which is not shown in this figure. The net voltage change at node b of capacitor 50 is Vin-V-- msb. If Vin>V-- msb, the voltage change at node b is positive leading to a "1" output from the comparator 60. If Vin<V-- msb, the net result is negative leading to a comparator output of "0". Similarly, at time t3 the voltage at node b becomes Vin-Vdac, where Vdac is derived from another resistor ladder, which is not shown in this figure.
The analog functionality of physical capacitor 50 may be digitally modeled in accordance with the present invention. In particular, the storage capability of a capacitor is modeled through the use of vector-voltage registers 39. The vector-voltage registers 39 are memory locations used by the simulator to store signal values. As in all simulators, registers are used to store all node voltages, as well as internal model values associated with each simulated circuit component. The vector-voltage registers 39 used for each capacitor element are analogous to the binary arrays associated with counter 36 and memory array 38.
In accordance with the present invention, analog voltages are represented in simulators such as Verilog by a vector of binary values, called a vector-voltage herein. This is accomplished by replacing all analog paths with N-bit busses, where N defines the resolution of the analog voltage. Thus, in a 15 bit system, allowing 1 bit for polarity, N=15. If a 5 V system is being utilized, 0.31 mv resolution is possible. This modeling is depicted in relation to FIG. 6.
In a preferred embodiment, all analog voltage signal paths are 15-bit vector busses representing a dynamic range of +/-5 V. In order to allow negative voltages, a sign bit is required since Verilog does not accept negative numbers. Therefore, when the vector-voltage is greater than 16,384, it is positive; conversely, vector-voltages less than 16,384 are negative. The vector-voltage representation of an analog signal is treated by Verilog either as an array of separate binary values or as an integer which may be manipulated in Verilog by addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and equality. In other words, Verilog is already capable of performing mathematical operations on vectors of binary values. The present invention uses this vector handling capability to simulate analog signal processing.
Turning to FIG. 4, a digital capacitor model 70 in is depicted. The capacitor output is dependent upon changes in the applied input vector-voltages. In order to sense a change in the input voltage, synchronizing input signals are applied to the capacitor module to tell the capacitor when a new input voltage is present. Changes in t1, t2, and t3 strobe the subtraction of the capacitor. The input of the capacitor "node a" 74 at time t1 is stored in a register Rvin, at time t2 it is stored in register Rv-- msb, and at time t3 it is stored in Rvdac. An offset of 16384 is added to set the positive sign bit, as described above.
The input of the capacitor "node a" 74 is tied to transmission gates 72. The transmission gates 72 are represented by simple modules which pass the input vector-voltages Vin, V-- msb, and vdac when t1, t2, and t3 are respectively high. Otherwise, they are in a high impedance state.
FIG. 5 discloses the state table associated with digital capacitor 70. While t1 is high, a vector-voltage representation of Vin is multiplexed to "node a" 74. When clocking signal t1 goes low, register Rvin is set equal to the vector-voltage at "node a", in this case Vin. When t2 goes high, Vin is isolated from "node a" and v-- msb is multiplexed to "node a". Verilog register Rv-- msb is set equal to "node a" 74 vector-voltage. The input to the digital comparator 80 "node b" 76 is set equal to:
V("node b")=Rvin-Rv-- msb+16384
The digitally modeled comparator 80, which will be further discussed below, outputs a digital "1" if V("node b")>0 and a "0" if V("node b")<=0. The zero ("0") denoted in the previous sentence is actually a zero equivalent; that is, the most significant bit is set and an actual digital value of 16,384 is present, which corresponds to zero in the embodiment described herein. Similarly, at time t3 capacitor register Rvdac is set equal to the multiplexed voltage Vdac. The comparator input becomes:
V("node b")=Rvin-Rvdac+16384
Verilog code suitable for executing these functions is as follows:
______________________________________module cap2-- v(a,b,t1,t2,t3)output[1:15]b;input[1:15]a;input t1,t2,t3;reg[1:15] b,Rv-- msb,Rvin,Rvdac;initialb=15'b16384;always @(negedge t1)begin#5 Rvin=1*a + 16384;endalways @(posedge t2)begin#50 Rv-- msb=1*64*a;#2 b=Rvin-Rv-- msb;endalways @(posedge t3)begin#50 Rvdac=1*64*a;#2 b= Rvin-Rvdac;endendmodule______________________________________
The foregoing code initially defines "node a" 74 as a 15 bit input array and "node b" 76 as a 15 bit output array suitable for receiving vector-voltage values. Registers Rvin, Rv-- msb, and Rvdac are also defined as 15 bit arrays. "Node b" is then initialized by adding 16,384 to set the positive bit.
Three loops are then entered, one for each of the inputs t1, t2, and t3. At the t1 input Rvin becomes the value of "node a" plus 16,384. In this example, "node a" is multiplied by 1 because one capacitor is utilized before the comparator 80, if 2 capacitors were utilized, then "node a" would be multiplied by 2 and so forth. At the t2 input, Rv-- msb becomes 64 times "node a". In this example 64 is multiplied by one because only one capacitor is present, if two capacitors are present, then 64 should be multiplied by 2 and so forth. Multiplication by 64 is undertaken for the purpose of scaling the vector-voltage value received from a resistor ladder (not shown). The "b node" is then assigned the value of Rvin-Rv-- msb. Finally, at time t3, Rvdac receives the value of "node a" times 64 and "node b" receives the value of Rvin-Rvdac. The "#" notation represents a delay value to accommodate circuit signal propagation delay.
Another physical analog element modeled as a digital element in accordance with the present invention is the resistor ladder. In actual analog-to-digital converters, the resistor ladder is an important analog component used to divide the reference voltage into discrete voltage quantities for use in the conversion algorithm. An actual resistor ladder containing B resistors spanning from 0 to Vref divides Vref into B+1 equal voltage steps. These voltages monotonically increase from resistor tap point to resistor tap point in Vref/B steps. Each resistor in a resistor ladder may be modeled for simulation purposes using the following Verilog code:
______________________________________module resistor(vout,vin);output[1:15]vout;input[1:15]vin;reg[1:15]vout;initialforeverbegin#1 vout=vin + sf;endendmodule______________________________________
In the module, inputs and outputs are defined as 15 bit registers for handling vector-voltages. The resistor output (Vout) is always the input plus a scale factor (sf). This scale factor is a vector-voltage equivalent to the voltage drop across the resistor. By stringing several Verilog resistors 90 together, a monotonically increasing ladder of vector-voltages is modeled, as can be appreciated in relation to FIG. 7.
The lower vector-voltage of the resistor ladder, which is the input to the first resistor, is fixed at 0 by a constant output vector source. The output of each resistor drives the input of the next. This results in an increase of the scale factor for each resistor output, resulting in an array of vector-voltages given by
VV(sf)={1,2,3,4,5, . . . ,B} * sf
Multiplication scale factors are used to convert this ladder of vector-voltages into levels of the appropriate magnitude, dependent upon the total voltage across the ladder Vref and the total length B. The scale factor is given by
sf=16384/(L * B)
where B is the number of resistors spanning the voltage range Vref/L and L is the fraction of the full scale range which the resistor ladder spans. Alternately, the scale factor can be set to a value of 1 and the resulting voltages can be scaled when input to other circuit components.
Other physical circuit elements which need a digital model include a summation element, a comparator, and a voltage source. A summation element 100 is depicted in relation to FIG. 8. The summation element 100 may be used to add capacitive vector-voltage values. Simple Verilog code to realize a summation element is as follows:
______________________________________module sumnode-- v(a,b,c,d,e,out);output[1:15]out;input[1:15]a,b,c,d,e;reg[1:15]out;initialforeverbegin#1 out=a+b+c+d+e;endendmodule______________________________________
The input and output values are defined as 15 bit arrays for handling vector-voltages. The output value is simply the sum of the input nodes, which typically has no more than 12 bit values.
Still another physical analog element which is modeled as a digital cell in accordance with the present invention is a comparator. A comparator 110 in accordance with the present invention is disclosed in relation to FIG. 9. An actual analog comparator is a circuit which determines the inequality of two analog voltages. For the ideal comparator, if Vinp>Vinn the output is ONE. Conversely, if Vinp<Vinn, the output is a ZERO.
The comparator is the final interface between the analog circuit elements and the digital circuit elements in an actual analog-to-digital circuit. An actual analog comparator may be modeled as a digital element in Verilog by using the following code:
______________________________________module comparator-- v(vinp,vinn,out);output out;input[1:15] vinp,vinn;reg out;initialbeginif(vinp>vinn) #2 out=1;else #1 out=0;endendmodule______________________________________
This module compares its two input array values and assigns a binary output of ONE if Vinp is greater than Vinn, otherwise it assigns a binary value of ZERO.
Yet another analog physical element which is modeled as a digital element in accordance with the present invention is a voltage source. A digital voltage source 120 is depicted in FIG. 10. Suitable Verilog code for creating vector- voltages is as follows:
______________________________________module v4(vout);output[1:15]vout;reg[1:15]vout;initialvout=15'd4;endmodule______________________________________
This module corresponds to the analog-to-digital voltage conversion of N=4 in the table depicted in FIG. 11. In the preferred embodiment, 16 distinct voltage source models are provided, as listed in FIG. 11. The table of FIG. 11 provides a suitable analog-to-digital conversion scheme. Through these conversions, actual analog voltage values are converted to vector-voltages for use in the simulation of the actual circuit.
Turning now to FIG. 12, an actual 3-bit parallel ADC is depicted. The analog input Va is estimated by the thresholds of seven adjacent analog comparators 130. The output is low (ZERO) for all analog comparators 130 with thresholds above the analog input voltage Va and high (ONE) for each comparator whose threshold is below the analog voltage input Va. An encoder 140 converts the input pattern into a 3 bit digital value which corresponds to the analog voltage value.
Capacitors 150 may also be utilized to sample-and-hold the analog input voltages and subtract generated voltage levels from the initial acquired voltage. A trimming capacitor 152 may also be provided.
The ADC of FIG. 12 is a simple embodiment for the purposes of illustration. Present ADCs typically include digital circuits for controlling successive passes by the analog circuits and obtain a much higher resolution than is possible from the exemplary ADC of FIG. 12.
In any event, FIG. 13 illustrates a portion 160 of the ADC of FIG. 12. More particularly, FIG. 13 depicts a digital model of the actual analog elements of an analog-to-digital converter. The actual analog comparator is replaced with the digitally modeled comparator 110. The actual analog capacitor 150 and analog trimming capacitor 152 are replaced with digitally modeled capacitors 70A and 70B. To achieve the summing of the vector-voltages of these capacitive components, summation element 100 is provided. The other input to digitally modeled comparator 110 is digitally modeled capacitor 70C. Transmission gates 72 drive each of the capacitors 70A, 70B, and 70C.
Thus, the digital simulator 28 of the present invention includes an expanded cell library 30 to accommodate digital equivalents of analog elements. This digital modeling relies upon vector-voltage representations of analog voltage values. As a result of this modeling, the netlist 26 fed to the digital simulator may include analog elements and the entire simulation may be run in a digital simulation environment. Regardless of the complexity of the circuit, and despite the fact that both analog and digital components are present, a single integrated simulation of the entire circuit is rapidly executed.
The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
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Source of Injury
Reese served on the barge "Ethan Allen" and was injured when falling from the rigging onto the deck of the ship. He suffered a rupture in his right side.
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Aug 31, 2012
Resume of a freelance cricketer
This is how a resume of a Freelance Cricketer would look like. Of course, laced with lots of humour. #IPL #Cricket #Chris Gayle #Twenty20 #ThingsWeLike #Shahid Afridi
May 19, 2012
Chanderpaul, the wall that shuffles
The West Indian leans on his bat the way an old lady leans on her umbrella and he looks as vulnerable as a clay pigeon awaiting shotgun pellets. #ThingsWeLike #West Indies cricket team #Shivnarine Chanderpaul #Jonathan Trott #Batting
Mar 19, 2012
A contract of employment for our beloved MP, MLC, MLA
Somewhere along the way our politicians seem to have forgotten who it is who holds the reins of the country. Perhaps it's time to revise the terms under which they can serve the people? #ThingsWeLike #Constitution of India #indian politicians #Raja Bhaiya
Sep 03, 2011
"Gritty" and "challenging", A Game of Thrones and the long awaited, A Dance with Dragons has finally arrived. Although such fantasy has a lot to offer, but its gratifying to have ones beliefs validated. #ThingsWeLike #A Dance with Dragons #A Song of Ice and Fire
Jul 06, 2011
Kumar Sangakkara from sportsman to statesman
Through his great speech at the MCC Spirit of Cricket lecture, Sangakkara, the player, has reinvented himself as a statesman. #ThingsWeLike #Kumar Sangakkara #NotJobsButPassion


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Government directive has left them in a tight spot
The annual revenue of the Bhuvanakote Gram Panchayat (GP) in Chikmagalur district is about Rs. 1.8 lakh. Payment of salary to bill collector and watermen, and office expenditure make up for more than its revenue. Added to this would be expenditure towards emergency repairs of roads and water supply pipeline. This being so, the September 20 government directive to all zilla, taluk and gram panchayats to pay Rs. 15 for hoisting the national flag and Rs. 15 for bringing it down every day has added to the burden of not only the Bhuvanakote GP, but also several small panchayats.
The government on July 30 this year directed all panchayats to hoist the national flag every day on their premises from August 15 and pay the incentive from their own funds to those engaged for the work.
'A matter of pride'
Bhuvanakote GP president N.G. Prakash Murthy said hoisting the tricolour was a matter of pride and panchayat workers had been doing the job ever since August 15. However, directing the panchayats to foot the incentive — about Rs. 11,000 a year — would affect many small GPs which do not have adequate sources of revenue. Tax collection in his panchayat, dominated by village habitats and agricultural land, is meagre. There are no commercial establishments, either panchayat's own or private, which could fetch good revenue. "Payment of incentive may not be a problem for GPs in semi-urban areas," he said.
The working hours of persons engaged in flag hoisting too has got extended due to this rule. They have to come half-an-hour early to 9 a.m. to prepare for hoisting and leave half-an-hour later after the office closure at 6 p.m. In Malnad areas where connectivity is an issue, they were facing problems while reaching home, Mr. Murthy said.
Janardhan S. Maravanthe, member of Maravanthe GP in Udupi district, said national flag hoisting and payment of incentive should have been left to the discretion of the panchayats. On one hand, the government claims panchayats were semi-autonomous bodies and on the other, issues regular directives, he said.
Flags purchased
He said the directive creates some burden on panchayats, particularly those already having funds crunch. They spent Rs. 1,500 to purchase three national flags at once in August this year, he noted. Mr. Maravanthe said GPs also had to pay honorarium at the rate of Rs. 250 a month to members and Rs. 500 to the president from their own funds.


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Pronunciation: Dalaï lama
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8 CH CCTV Home Security System with 4 Sony CCD Night Vision Surveillance Cameras-500GB HDD - KDF8-NARBZ4ZN-5G-PCS
Learn more about 8 CH CCTV Home Security System with 4 Sony CCD Night Vision Surveillance Cameras-500GB HDD:
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|The kit KDF8-NARBZ4ZN-5G includes an 8 CH H.264 DVR with 500GB hard drive and four night vision outdoor security cameras providing everything you need to have your surveillance system up and running in your home or business quickly and easily. This ZMD-DD-SAN8-500GB 8 channel DVR is a fully integrated, real time hardware-based digital video recorder with 500GB HD installed and configured .This standalone DVR is based on an embedded Linux operating system and includes a remote control for easy setup and operation.The cameras included in the kit are 1/4" color CCD IR night vision outdoor cameras. All cables and power supplies are included.


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Lexington County, SC (WLTX) - Kangaroo Express gas stations kicked off their annual 'Salute Our Troops' campaign Monday.
The program raises awareness and funds for service members and their families.
Organizers say it's a great way to see how much support people have for American soldiers.
Over the past two summers, the organization has raised more than $5 million for the USO and state-based military support groups such as the South Carolina Military Family Care Association.


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Teaches basic keyboard and interface shortcuts, as well as little-known navigational, dialog box, and tool shortcuts.
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Encryption Flaw "Heartbleed" Creates Data Risk: How Insurance Can Stanch the Bleeding -
In early April, news broke of an encryption flaw named "Heartbleed" that exposed companies to data breaches for over two and one...more
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text: Andrew Burton, Getty Images [ Lt. Governor Candidate Kathy Hochul Visits Utica By Luke Tubia September 25, 2014 Candidate for Lt. Governor Kathy Hochul made several stops in Utica on her campaign tour of Central New York today. Read More|Comment Category: Utica-Rome News Tags: candidate, kathy hochul, lt governor Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text: Holmgren: I Wouldn't Stand for Trade If I Was Coach From @Softykjr Sep 19, 2013 Share Tweet Next ARTICLE » Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories David Richard-USA TODAY Sports 32 Reads 0 Comments Mike Holmgren on Browns: "If I was the coach and someone came in and did that, [my response would be] 'OK. Fire me.'" ... Continue Reading on @Softykjr »


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Why we need fitness leaders
A leader's healthy lifestyle can readily motivate his people to take care of themselves
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Most of us are willing to follow someone—a leader who can positively affect our life, improve our productivity, and inspire us to live a healthy and happy life.
People follow credible leaders who share their goals and dreams by example. It will be difficult for a newbie exerciser trying to lose weight to follow the fitness program of a personal trainer who doesn't have time to work out at all.
It will be challenging for a patient to fulfill constant lifestyle reminders like "quit smoking" and "eat healthy" from a medical professional who doesn't prioritize his own health.
And it will take too much time and effort for an uninspired employee to embrace the corporate wellness program initiated by their unfit and always stressed-out boss.
"Building a healthy company starts at the top, and there is no more powerful support for any strategy than to lead by example," said Tyler Cooper, CEO of Cooper Aerobics Enterprises.
Leaders who are physically and mentally fit don't only solve problems and provide the financial needs of their people; they also inspire them. A leader's healthy lifestyle can readily motivate his people to take care of themselves because he/she becomes the ultimate role model for a balanced lifestyle.
Managing one's health implies that one can effectively help and inspire others. The healthy lifestyle and positive attitude a leader displays becomes contagious. As a result, it will be easier for a genuinely fit leader who walks the talk to convert a fat workplace, community or nation into a healthy one.
Credible leaders are perceived to be effective by their subordinates. Data compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership that was published last January in the Wall Street Journal's article "Want to be a CEO? What's Your BMI?" shows that executives with higher values of body mass index (a measure to identify if your weight is appropriate to your height) and with larger waistlines tend to be perceived as less effective in the workplace (both in performance and interpersonal relationships).
Highly effective leaders (politicians, managers, health leaders, teachers and parents) empower their people to take essential steps to improve the quality of life and take responsibility for their actions.
They are credible, so people will more likely listen to them. The pressure stress leaders get from convincing people to avoid health problems becomes less. And a less-stressed leader becomes more effective because he can channel his efforts to other concerns that require his attention.
Long-term wellness
Aside from instant cure, efficient leaders prioritize prevention and long-term wellness. Leaders just don't make promises like giving their people free healthcare programs; they initiate and help design programs that will prevent diseases and health problems.
Leaders should focus on developing systems that will improve the environment and lifestyle of his people because this can make an impact in saving money. This would mean creating a culture of healthy, happy, stress-free and disease-free living.
Health service is not only about curing ailments or providing medicines. It is also about educating people on how to take care of themselves through regular physical activity and choosing the healthiest food they can eat.
Results of studies in corporate wellness prevention programs initiated by leaders show significant return of investment after two or more years. This means leaders should promote long-term wellness programs for people that will call them to action, to get significant results.
Well, as a matter of fact, a long-lasting lifestyle change can't be achieved in just a short period of time. It requires the correct formula (eating, exercise and stress management combination), patience, constant support and proper incentives.
A leader is humble and always hungry for growth. Good leaders and role models are humble enough to accept their weaknesses and are always ready to improve themselves for the better. Your supervisor might still be unfit now, but he may already be mapping out his plans on how to change his lifestyle.
A fit and healthy leader doesn't have to be super lean and strong, or trains every day and joins sports events. A hopeful and driven leader can be sickly and overweight, but now recognizes the need to prioritize his well-being, and has a positive attitude and solid action plan that will give hope and happiness to his people.
Anyone can be a leader and/or an inspiration. You might not be a manager or a politician. But anytime, as early as now, you can always be a good role model who can help the people around you prevent health problems by starting to eat healthy and to exercise regularly.
You can even inspire your own leader to take the necessary steps to support your community. Start now, ask help from professionals to reach your passion and goals, and don't wait for a leader to take the initiative—or it might be too late.
E-mail the author at firstname.lastname@example.com Follow her on Twitter @mitchfelipe.
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Securing SQL Server is one of the top priorities of any SQL Server DBA. It is extremely important for DBA's and system admins to make sure that SQL Server is TIGHTLY SECURED and is not exposed to users that don't need access to SQL Server. Only valid and required users MUST be granted "required" permissions.
Apart from configuring the right security/permissions for SQL Server users/logins, it is also very important to select the right account to run SQL Server services. In today's tip, we will explore when to use what service accounts for running SQL Server services.
If your SQL Server interacts with other servers, services or resources on the network (ex: Files Shares, etc.) or if your SQL Server services uses linked servers to connect to other SQL Servers on the network, then you may use a low privileged domain user account for running SQL Server services. Domain user account is the most recommended account for setting up SQL Server services that interact with other servers on the network. One of the plus points of using a Domain User Account is that the account is controlled by Windows active directory therefore, domain level policy on accounts apply to SQL Server service account as well.
NEVER should you use Network Service Account for running SQL Server services. Network Service accounts are shared with other services running on the local computer. Network Service Account is a built-in account that has more access to server resources and objects than users accounts of local user groups.
Any SQL Server services that runs on Network Service Account, can access network resources by using the credentials of the computer account. This account shows up as "NET AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE" when configuring SQL Server Services.
If your SQL Server DOES NOT interact with other servers, services or resources on the network (ex: Files, Shares, Linked Servers, Etc.) then you may use a low privileged local user account for running SQL Server Services.
NOTE: You are not required to use the local user account with administrative privileges to run SQL Server services.
NEVER should you use local system account for running SQL Server services. Local System Account has more permissions than you would think. It is a very high-privileged built-in account created by Windows O/S.
Local System Account has extensive privileges on the entire local system and acts as a computer on your company's network. This account shows up as "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" when configuring SQL Server services.
The local system account is used by quite a few services that listen on various well known ports so I don't know how running the sql service as local system would decrease your security much. If I remember correctly a domain based account is a member of the dynamic group "domain user", this account is ripe for abuse. Its a low priv account thats granted minimally read on a lot of objects within most domain's which can facilitate information disclosures. Man security is tough.
You are right that a number of services use the local system account but it is also a privileged account that may provide more access to the local computer than is needed by SQL Server services. Using a domain account that does not have as high a privilege level can provide more security on the local system but also allow SQL Server to communicate across the network for things such as multi-server management and jobs.
You're right - security is never easy.


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Recorded with Zoom H4 at one cafeteria, this sound is normalized.
unlocking big metal door
Basic track is determined and carrying some harsh weapons, striking out with each move, the sounds of the armory whiz ...
Off stage crash
The quick whipping sound of a wood rod. Nice and thick sounding, recorded for a video game. This is a ...
Alarm outside a building. Several beeps.
used for a quick character teleportation
Jingle sound of Czech crystal wine glass with wine
Created with coagula from original and manipulated bmp files. Large crystalline structure refracting magnetic waves.
some familiar household laundry sounds. mono recording. concrete/basement room. stuffing laundry/jeans into a coated canvas duffel bag.
Recorded this awesome tool my furnace repair man was using called a "Pilot Sparker." I recorded it in my professional ...
This sound is recorded from an LAPD issue X26 Taser.
Gutting a chicken. Disgusting. Recorded with a Zoom H2. Edited with Audacity. See benefits of FLAC/OGG files. This is not ...
Boston terrier, breathing sounds and snorts
Another laser zapping type sound.


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Draper�s new Profile permanently tensioned screen creates the clean, stylish, high tech look of a flat panel display, making a bold statement in your home, office or classroom. Available in standard sizes in HDTV (16:9), 16:10 and CinemaScope 2.35:1 aspect ratios, the Profile can also be ordered in custom sizes and aspect ratios up to 156" (396 cm) wide.
Its slender frame is less than 3/8" (16mm) wide and 1-1/2" (38mm) deep. Features Draper�s proprietary surface tensioning system to keep the viewing surface perfectly flat with no puckering. Assembles without snaps. Finished in black.


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More stories on: Playism
Project Scissors: NightCry Kickstarter aims to bring back Clock Tower
The Kickstarter for Project Scissors: NightCry has just opened, asking for cash from those who want to be chased around a cruise ship by a murderous lunatic.
La-Mulana 2 demo released to the public
A demo of La-Mulana 2 has popped up on Playism. So, yes, you can go play La-Mulana 2 now, and then back the full version if you haven't already done so.
La-Mulana 2 fully funded
There was no doubt in mind that La-Mulana 2 would get funded.
La-Mulana 2 gets glowing messages of support from other developers
You're probably aware that I'm hugely, massively excited for La-Mulana 2, because the first game was a work of genius.
La-Mulana 2 seeks $200,000 on Kickstarter, should manage it
The original La-Mulana had a pretty interesting path to the PC.
Devil in the details: Unholy Heights hits Steam on Friday
Playism have announced that Unholy Heights, a Japanese tower-defence/management game, will be hitting Steam this Friday.


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Laem Sor Beach, Koh Samui, Thailand
Choose from our personalised programs and let our professional team bring you back into balance.
Detox, Wellness Spa, De-Stress and Healthy Weight
There's a minimum three-day stay and you can start any day of the year. All levels welcome.
Join Yoga, Pranayama & Meditation Retreats at Asia's best loved beach front retreat center.
Whether you are new to yoga or a seasoned practitioner, joining a scheduled week long retreat or a 3 day Daily Yoga Program, all are welcome.
Continue your Education in Yoga with Yoga Alliance Foundation & Advanced Teacher Training.
Our teacher trainings have earned the reputation of being one of the world's most respected and longest running Yoga Alliance Registered Programs both at the 200 and 300 levels.
Learn about the Samahita Live artists and their upcoming concerts here
About Samahita Retreat
Samahita Retreat was established in 2003 on Koh Samui, and is known as the island's hidden gem. Formerly known as "Yoga Thailand", our boutique, full service retreat center features 40 rooms, a detox and wellness center and the celebrated health-food restaurant. Sattva Dining.
Samahita Retreat is a small, intimate retreat center located on a peaceful beach, away from the busy tourist areas and chosen for its proximity to the important cultural and historical landmark, Laem Sor Pagoda. Read more
Owned and directed by senior yogi, educator and researcher, Paul Dallaghan, Samahita Retreat has been a location for practice, learning and relaxation for tens of thousands of guests, from all walks of life. Samahita is a place where new friends are made. We welcome guests to come and find connection to the practices and to new friends, joining an international yoga and health community which continues even when people return to their home countries.
Whether you are brand new to yoga or well-established in practice, our range of Retreats, Programs & Yoga Teacher Trainings are specially designed to promote growth and well-being.
We offer both 'Led' and 'Self-Practice-Mysore style' classes in all our offerings, enabling you to develop a set of practices to take home. What do we teach? Read on to learn more about yoga and pranayama.
Choose from a range of detox, health and wellness spa options, including relaxing massage and de-stress programs or simply relax and enjoy a healthy beach holiday. Not sure what to book? Check out our schedule.
For your health and environment, Samahita Retreat is a smoke and alcohol free retreat center.
We look forward to welcoming you.
Samahita Blog
This is where we share information, news, helpful hints and ideas on yoga and healthy living. From detox to diet, breathing exercises to yoga pose instructions our team of experts and guest bloggers are happy to share their wealth of knowledge with you. Visit our blog


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WHEN I ASKED THE TWO candidates for governor if I could attend church with them to explore the link between faith and politics in their lives, Tony Sanchez agreed but Rick Perry declined. Faith, after all, is one of the last truly personal areas of American life, and Perry felt my going to church with him was too great an intrusion. He did agree to talk about his faith in an interview. I began by asking the governor to describe the origins of his faith. The question seemed to throw him off momentarily, but then he found a foothold in his memory, one of a Sunday morning long ago in a small Methodist church in the West Texas town of Haskell. "I was just a little kid," recalled Perry. "Somebody in the class had a daddy who was a second-generation Aggie. I remember the teacher asked me if I wanted to be a Christian, and I said, 'Nope, I do not. I want to be an Aggie.'" He laughed nervously.
Both Republican Perry and Democrat Sanchez have good reason to be uneasy about the link between politics and religion these days. While politicians have always courted specific religious constituencies, and churches have always had their own political agendas, the issues involving religion and politics have seldom been as direct or as controversial as they are today. The overlap of the domains of Caesar and God can produce some startling results. The Dallas Morning News reported that one of the most popular bumper stickers at the Republican state convention this summer read, " G.O.P.: God's Official Party"—a reminder of the enormous influence wielded by the Christian Coalition and other religious-right groups in the Republican party. The convention adopted a platform that mentioned God and faith no fewer than twelve times and called the United States a "Christian nation." A week later the Democratic state convention delegates found it necessary to debate for hours whether to use the phrase "God-given potential" in their platform before ultimately deciding that they dare not completely exclude the language of faith from their party's statement of principles. Then, in late June, Bishop Edmond Carmody of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Corpus Christi barred Sanchez and John Sharp, the Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor, from speaking from the pulpits of churches in the diocese because the two politicians, both Catholics, support a woman's right to have an abortion.
The conflict between Sanchez and the Catholic Church highlights the distinction between faith and religion. Faith is personal. It can affect what a politician believes about a variety of public issues and private habits—abortion, capital punishment, the legal availability of alcohol, and sexual preference, for instance. Religion is organized and official. Religions often have political positions, but when it comes to influencing politicians, they tend to be less effective than faith.
If Sanchez is elected, he would be the first Catholic to lead Texas since Sam Houston. However, Texas was still a part of Mexico when Houston arrived here in 1832, at a time when Mexican law required all its citizens to declare themselves Catholics. He was never a practicing Catholic, though, and later in life became a Baptist. Sanchez, on the other hand, is the real thing. He goes to mass every Sunday and to confession once a month. He prays the rosary every morning during his two-and-a-half-mile walk on his 13,000-acre ranch outside Laredo. Wherever he travels in Texas, devout Catholic women, mostly Hispanics, silently press prayer cards into his hands, a sign that they are praying for him. He carries them in the inside pocket of his suit jacket. The hacienda he built on his ranch has its own private chapel, a small, solemn room made of stone, a place where, Sanchez said, "I find a lot of peace and feel the most at home in the world."
Sanchez agreed to let me go to church with him. We met one Sunday morning in downtown Laredo in the plaza in front of St. Agustín Cathedral. Bells in the high tower called people to the nine-thirty mass. Sanchez pointed to a bronze plaque in the plaza marking the date in 1755 when Tomás Sanchez, his forebear seven generations removed, founded the city. For Sanchez, the plaque is cause to remember not only a physical journey but also a spiritual one. "Before Tomás came to this spot to live," he told me, "one of his ancestors, Francisco Sanchez, left the city of Lepe, Spain, fleeing the Catholic Inquisition. Francisco was Jewish. He settled in Mexico near Durango and converted to Catholicism, under fear of death. From then on, all of us were Catholics."
We entered the church and took a seat near the rear. Sanchez crossed himself and settled into silent prayer. Later, as he watched the altar boys light the tall tallow candles, he whispered to me that when he was a boy, his family lived just behind Blessed Sacrament Church, and he served as an altar boy for morning mass. "The worst thing that ever happened to me," he said, "was that I got burned on my chin by the candles."
In a short homily, the priest talked about how going to church is a "rewarded action." When people enter the church, the priest said, they leave the world behind and find a moment's peace. This gives them the courage to face the problems that the world presents. "That's the way I feel," said Sanchez when we left the church. "Ready to face another week on the campaign trail."
Notwithstanding his distant Jewish ancestry, Sanchez sees himself as genetically a Catholic. His roots, his blood, his ethnicity, are all intrinsic parts of his faith. By contrast, one might say that Perry is generically a Protestant. Although he is a Methodist by birth, you get the feeling talking to him that he could just as easily be a Baptist or a Presbyterian. Being a Methodist provides Perry with a way to approach God on his own, not through a hierarchical church (even though


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wonder twins
Smallville: Maybe the Wonder Twins episode won't be so bad
But Zan and Jayna nerding up the joint? Sounds like fun to me.
Being a fan of the veteran superhero series, I'm not embarrassed to say that I'm looking forward to seeing the live-action Twins bump fists this Friday. (I wouldn't even mind a cameo from everybody's favorite blue monkey, Gleek, but sadly I don't think that's in the cards.)
The Wonder Twins are coming to Smallville (not a joke!)
You remember The Wonder Twins, Zan and Jayna, right? They were on The Super Friends and could turn into anything in the world just by touching their hands together. They would say things like "Form of...a tampon!" and then they would change into a tampon. This could also be used to turn into animals, various food products, and inanimate objects like hammers and shoes. They'll be played by Warehouse 13's Allison Scagliotti and 7th Heaven's David Gallagher.
So ... is this a good idea or just ridiculous?
Nine biggest Super Friends mysteries - VIDEO
Even when I was a little kid, there were some things about the Super Friends (or Superfriends or Superamigos, or whatever they were calling it) that didn't sit right with me. Maybe it was because the confluence of superpowers all in one place just boggled my young mind. Maybe it was the mysterious change from Wendy and Marvin to the Wonder Twins that made me scratch my tiny noggin. Not sure. But those mysteries continue to fascinate me, even into adulthood. It's just that those mysteries are more sophisticated:
1. How did the Super Friends have time to hang out at the Hall of Justice? Every one of the SFs lived in different parts of the country: Batman and Robin were in Gotham City, for instance. So, did B&R commute from Gotham to Metropolis a few times per week? Did they use the Bat Plane or the Batmobile most of the time? Did they claim the mileage on their taxes?
Animation news: A Hanna Barbera book, a new Looney Tunes DVD and more - VIDEO
Here's some cool animation stuff I found over the past week or so:
Cartoon Brew has a lot of cool stuff, so I'll start there first. First of all, Jerry Beck has a new book, The Hanna Barbera Treasury. The book will focus mostly on the Hanna Barbera series created in the '50s and '60s. It comes out in October.
Also via the Brew comes this documentary about the life and work of animator Tex Avery, the man who was arguably the one most responsible for putting the "looney" in "Looney Tunes," and later brought that same magic to MGM. The doc is from 1988 and is split into several parts.
The nine most terrific television twins
Welcome to TV Squad Lists (formerly 'The Five'), a feature where each blogger has a chance to list his or her own rundown of things in television that stand out from the rest, both good and bad.
In honor of my own twins, Jason and Victoria, who turned the Big One on April Fool's Day (no fooling), here's a not-so-comprehensive list of television's most famous twins.
Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen -- Oh please, like they wouldn't be at the top of this list! I can't remember a set of television twins who went on to become such huge media moguls. You scoff at me? Well, when is the last time you heard about Christopher and Clayton Griggs, who portrayed Nelson Tibideaux, son to Sondra and Elvin, on The Cosby Show? I rest my case. Anyhowsit, due to some savvy investing and product placement, these two girls are worth something like a kazillion dollars (ballpark estimate -- I lost count after a jazillion). Now, if they could only stay out of the tabloids for five minutes to enjoy all of their success.
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Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (1879-1964), Conservative politician; MP for Plymouth Sutton; former wife of R.G. Shaw, and later wife of 2nd Viscount Astor; daughter of Chiswell Dabney Langhorne
Nancy Witcher Astor (née Langhorne), Viscountess Astor
Sitter in 37 portraits
American-born politician; Astor came to England in 1904 and married her second husband Waldorf Astor, whom she succeeded as Conservative MP for the Sutton division of Plymouth in 1919. A champion of women's rights, she was the first woman MP to sit in the House of Commons (1919-45). Despite playing a large part in drawing the Conservative Party's attention towards the need to attract the female electorate, Astor was repeatedly overlooked for a position in Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's cabinet, and an attempt in 1929 to form a women's party with a number of female Labour politicians was unsuccessful. During the 1930's the Astors' house, Cliveden became the focus of many high-powered political meetings.
by Bassano Ltd
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Related People
- Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor (husband)


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This version is a well-meant but corny distillation -- a whole lot of bombast and phony exaltation in the name of entertaining enrichment. show more
It saves its clunkiest scene for the finale. No fair telling, but the key words are "political," "propaganda," "outdoors" and "orphans." show more
Introduces American audiences to Luo Yan, a charismatic Chinese-born actress now living in Los Angeles. She single-handedly nurtured this project to fruition, serving as producer, co-writer and star. show more