text:
News from WTOP
News from the AP
Mike Causey
Shows & Panels
Shows & Panels
- Agency of the Month
- Business of Government Hour
- The CFO Agenda: Delivering value from financial transparency and audit efforts in the public and private sector
- Cloud-Driven Data Insights in Government
- CXO Surveys
- Disaster Resilience for America
- Federal News Countdown
- Government Perspectives on Mobility and the Cloud
- Reducing Risk in the Cloud
- Reimagining the Next Generation of Government
Shows & Panels
- AFCEA Answers
- American Readiness: Renewable Power and Efficiency Technologies
- Ask the CIO
- The Business Case for Cloud Computing in Government
- Cloud-Driven Data Insights in Government
- Connecting the Dots: Digital Authentication in Government
- Cybersecurity Game Changer: Real-Time Event Processing in Government
- Data-Centric Approaches to Government in the Cloud
- Delivering the Digital Government Mission
- Federal Executive Forum
- Federal News Radio's National Cyber Security Awareness Month Special Panel Discussion
- Federal Tech Talk
- The Future of Government Data Centers
- Government Perspectives on Mobility and the Cloud
- Industrialized, Interoperable and Insight-driven Federal Health Panel
- Innovation and Tech Superiority through Acquisition Reform
- Mitigating Insider Threats in Virtual & Cloud Environments
- Moving Agency Applications to the Cloud with PaaS
- Reducing Risk in the Cloud
- Security in the Age of Targeted Attacks
- Air Traffic Management Transformation Report
- The Business of Cloud
- Cloud First Report
- Data Driven Cloud Series
- Disaster Resilience for America
- General Dynamics IT Enterprise Center
- Gov Cloud Minute
- Government in Technology Series
- Homeland Security Cybersecurity Market Report
- The Intersection: Where Technology Meets Transformation
- Modern Mission Critical Series
- National Cybersecurity Awareness Month
- The New IP for Federal IT
- The Social Platform Solution for the Department of Veterans Affairs
- Technology Insights
- The Cyber Security Report
- The Next Generation Cyber Security Experts
Shows & Panels
- Cloud-Driven Data Insights in Government
- Disaster Resilience for America
- F-35 Lightning II Program
- Government Perspectives on Mobility and the Cloud
- On DoD
- Pentagon Solutions
- Reducing Risk in the Cloud
- Reimagining the Next Generation of Government
- Transforming Business Operations at the Defense Department
Open data key to interagency, private sector innovation
Compiling government data cuts costs and fosters technological advancements, according to Lisa Schlosser, deputy associate administrator in the Office of E-Government and Information Technology. She is calling for agencies to re-envision data as a product to be shared.
IRS draws new criticism over $70M employee bonuses
IRS draws new criticism over $70M in employee bonuses, says it's bound by union contract
OMB sets new deadlines to improve data on USASpending.gov
Deputy Controller Norman Dong issued a memo to CFOs detailing steps they must take over the next 17 months better track and validate data between agency financial systems and the USASpending.gov portal.
Small businesses largely immune to reduced contractor pay cap
Reducing the contractor compensation cap to the level of the salary drawn by the President ($400,000) or the Vice President ($230,700), as suggested by some lawmakers and the White House in the past, would dramatically increase the number of employees who earn compensation above the allowable limits GAO said. But the changes would mostly affect large companies, auditors said, because few of the small companies it surveyed pay their employees more than the amount earned by the President and Vice President.
GAO: Agencies should expand TechStat reviews to all high-risk projects
Federal agencies need to step up their use of TechStat sessions, the Government Accountability Office concluded in a new report. The face-to-face meetings of IT officials and agency leaders have been put to use by the Office of Management and Budget and individual agencies to turn around or terminate dozens of failing IT projects. But only about a third of the agency projects deemed most at risk of cost overruns or schedule slips have undergone the reviews, GAO reported.
Regulatory czar nominee pledges to speed up review process
President Barack Obama's pick to head the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) pledged to clear up delays in the regulatory process if confirmed by the Senate. Appearing before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Wednesday, Howard Shelanski said improving the timeliness of OIRA's work -- which has come in for criticism from Republican lawmakers and transparency groups, alike -- is among his top priorities.
Rep. Issa heading down familiar path for IT reform; Senate still in discovery mode
Rep. Darrell Issa (R-Calif.) plans to offer the Federal IT Acquisition Reform Act (FITARA) as an amendment later this week to the 2013 Defense Authorization bill. The Senate held a hearing looking at the best approach to empower federal CIOs. The Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee heard that transparency, visibility and senior leadership are common traits among successful CIOs.
Inside the Reporter's Notebook: Some question who's in charge at GSA with six feds on admin leave
Industry experts say GSA is looking for scapegoats for the problems outlined in two recent inspector general reports, instead of stepping back and understanding the real issues auditors raised.
Agencies improving security of IT networks slowly, but surely
The White House released updated progress report on the cross-agency cybersecurity goals and found most agencies improved. The administration said more agencies are using smart cards to log onto their networks and more are implementing continuous monitoring.
Performance.gov faces identity crisis
Nearly two years after the site launched, the Office of Management and Budget still hasn't clearly defined its purpose or its intended audience, according to a new report from the Government Accountability Office.
New data could be difference-maker for move to shared services
OMB and Treasury have been working with the four federal financial management shared services providers to collect information on cost and performance. OMB Deputy Controller Norman Dong said the data will help agencies make true comparisons of the providers.
OMB takes first step toward comprehensive inventory of federal programs
The Office of Management and Budget took the first step Friday in attempting to compile a comprehensive list of federal programs with the launch of a new online inventory. Hosted on Performance.gov, the Federal Program Inventory aims to be a one-stop shop for information about the more than 1,600 programs agencies operate and how they complement -- or even duplicate -- the work of other programs.
OMB wants 10 percent cut in 2015 budget requests
New guidance requires agencies to reduce discretionary spending requests for 2015 by reducing duplication and consolidating like programs across the government.
White House wants to scrap law allowing costly contractor salaries
The Obama administration has called on Congress to cap government-reimbursed contractor compensation at $400,000, a move that the head of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy said would save hundreds of millions of dollars. Joe Jordan, the OFPP administrator, said the White House would send proposed legislation to Congress next week.
Former OMB performance guru Metzenbaum lands new job
Shelley Metzenbaum is now the president of the Volcker Alliance, a non-partisan group trying to improve trust in government. Metzenbaum left the Obama administration earlier this month.
VanRoekel pins initial open data hopes on economics
Federal CIO Steven VanRoekel said the benefits will outweigh the concerns about making information more accessible.
May 29, 2013
New mobile tools give agencies giant innovation permission slip'
On the one-year anniversary of the Digital Government Strategy, the Office of Management and Budget highlighted the progress being made to make agency information and systems device-agnostic. Federal CIO Steve VanRoekel said mobile is the new default platform.
5 percent of federal workforce to be furloughed Friday
The Department of Housing and Urban Development, Internal Revenue Service, Office of Management and Budget and the Environmental Protection Agency will all shut down Friday because of widespread employee furloughs giving feds a four-day holiday weekend. The Labor and Interior Departments also are telling employees to stay home.
OMB director taps VanRoekel to lead management team
Steve VanRoekel will continue to be the federal CIO, in addition to taking on new management responsibilities at OMB. Norman Dong will lead OMB's Federal Financial Management Office.
OMB reworking financial system requirements to focus on outcomes, not inputs
The administration is expected to release a new directive in the coming weeks to update Circular A-127, which defines how agencies operate their financial systems. The new guidance is expected to open the market up to vendors and make it easier for agencies to transition to shared service providers.


text:
Grand Forks sits on the border of North Dakota and Minnesota, about 145 miles south of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and 315 miles northwest of Minneapolis.
Once you find it, it's hard to leave. At least that's the opinion of Emmett Lynch, the University of North Dakota's 312-pound senior left tackle.
"Both my parents are from North Dakota," said Lynch, who was raised in Lester Prairie, Minn., a town of 1,200 on the outskirts of Minneapolis. "I really liked the school. I came here on my official visit and kind of fell in love with the campus.
"It was a really easy decision. I canceled my visit to NDSU."
North Dakota State sits in Fargo, 75 miles south of Grand Forks, by the way. The schools' proximity means there's a lot of competition for the limited number of Division I athletes in one of the union's least populated states – North Dakota has roughly a quarter of a million fewer people than Montana.
That means UND – the school dropped its Fighting Sioux nickname over the summer – will range far and wide for players. The 2012 team starts a transfer quarterback from North Carolina, a receiver from Nebraska and linebackers from Arizona and California.
"It's a unique position for us, being in the Big Sky, and being the furthest east team in the Big Sky," said UND coach Chris Mussman, who takes his team up against the visiting Montana Grizzlies on Saturday. "We're essentially located in the Midwest, so that's our base area to recruit. So we've got to do something different to recruit, and I think we do."
But the basics are the same: Come see us, and then decide.
"You look at the facilities, you look at the community and you look at the university," Mussman said.
Grand Forks was founded at the confluence of the Red River and Red Lake River, and has around 50,000 people. It also has UND, which among other things boasts one of the better Division I hockey programs around and an indoor facility – the Alerus Center – for football.
That football team isn't bad, either, with a Division II national championship in 2001 and a runner-up finish in 2003.
Six years ago North Dakota followed NDSU into the Division I Football Championship Subdivision. This is its first year as a full-fledged member of the Big Sky, though the season hasn't been smooth.
That North Carolina transfer, Braden Hanson, was hurt in UND's first game, a 66-0 walkover against South Dakota Mines. He returned to the lineup for a 55-17 loss at Eastern Washington on Oct. 6, but was hurt again last week in a 45-38 home loss to Northern Arizona.
Standout defensive end Ross Brenneman, meanwhile, is doubtful with a knee injury suffered at Eastern. Long story short: UND is 3-4, including a 1-3 mark in the Big Sky.
Exactly like Montana.
"Both teams, if you look at it, are kind of a mirror image to a certain degree," Mussman said. "In the sense that we're making mistakes at times that are costing us football games."
Last week's loss comes to mind: A penalty resurrected a 99-yard NAU drive that put the Lumberjacks up 38-31; a fumble on the hit that knocked Braden out of the game gave the Jacks a short field and they soon led 45-31 with 4:00 left.
North Dakota came to Missoula in 2010 and led 17-13 early in the third quarter. That team finished 3-8 but had talent. Mitch Sutton, currently UND's leading rusher, had a 50-yard TD run. Greg Hardin, now the top receiver, had three rushing attempts.
Marcus Hendrickson, Hanson's backup, made the start at QB that day. He's also made five starts this season because of Hanson's early injury.
"We've been thoroughly impressed with him through this kind of bumpy ride," Mussman said of the 6-foot-1 Hendrickson, who has 15 TD passes. "Braden (a lefty who stands 6-5) comes in and was playing well the first game and ends up unfortunately breaking his leg. Marcus made the most of opportunities – at one point he was leading the nation in passing efficiency."
Hardin has been the main target and Mussman also raves about Jameer Jackson, a 6-3 freshman out of Brooklyn Park, Minn., who has 33 catches for 453 yards and six scores.
"His junior year of high school, Jameer led the state of Minnesota in receptions and touchdown catches," Mussman said. Jackson slipped to UND perhaps because his team went to a run-based attack his senior year.
"We knew he had some talent," Mussman said. "I mean, he's 6-3 and 240 pounds right now. He's as physical as you're going to see from a receiver standpoint."
The list goes on. Sophomore linebacker Ben Peters had only one scholarship offer out of Chandler, Ariz., and that was because Mussman's staff had a tape sent in by his high school coach. Garrison Goodman, UND's top tackler, came in from San Roman, Calif.
"It was between us and Eastern Washington," Mussman said of Goodman. "And he loved it here."
Mussman wants more depth for a defense that's given up big points and big yards. Just give him, and Grand Forks, a chance.
"Most people, when they see what we have, they leave saying, 'Wow, that's pretty nice. I had no idea,' " Mussman said. "We may not get the kids all the time, but they'll leave impressed with what we have."
Fritz Neighbor can be reached at 523-5247, at email@example.com or @Fritz_Neighbor.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Deutsche Shipping Boosts Loan Commitments by a Third in 2011
March 26 (Bloomberg) -- Deutsche Shipping, Deutsche Bank AG's shipping finance unit, increased its loan commitments in 2011 by 33 percent on higher demand in Asia.
Loan commitments rose to 1.6 billion euros ($2.1 billion) from 1.2 billion euros in 2010, it said in an e-mailed statement today. Loans to clients in Asia more than doubled while the general market remained "difficult," it said.
"We are very satisfied with the way the business developed in 2011, particularly in light of the continuing uncertainty in the three major shipping markets," Deutsche Shipping said in the statement. "The shipping crisis will continue to shape the market."
To contact the reporter on this story: Annette Weisbach in Frankfurt at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Frank Connelly at email@example.com


text:
China is the land of many arts such as bronze casting, ivory carving, textile weaving, wood carving, jade fashioning and painting. The list will remain incomplete if we do not add porcelain, the glorious craft the Chinese gave to the world.
Chinese porcelain is prepared out of 'Kaolin' (white china clay) and 'patuntse' (white stone) fired at very high temperature for fusion, glazed and finally decorated with various coloured enamels.
Chinese porcelain has got continuity of tradition and undiminished royal patronage. The best periods of porcelain manufacture are : T'ang (220-618 AD), Sung (960-1279 AD), Ming (13th to 17th century AD) and Ching (17th to 19th century AD).
Salar Jung Museum has got a fair number of porcelains belonging to important periods except T'ang.
Late 12th century Sung period porcelains present in the museum consist of 'Celadon' (a French term denoting sea green, pale blue, mild green) comprising dishes, bowls in various shapes and decorations. The Museum's blue and white porcelains, rich in decorations and lavish in shapes, belong to Ching- te period (1506 to 21)of Ming dynasty.
Valuable products are the polychrome and monochrome porcelains of Ching era, a rare piece being a saucer/ plate bearing paintings of HoHo birds, dragons and mythical symbols and the imperial mark of Wan li (1573-1619), Ming period.
Also praiseworthy are the Museum's 17th century Tehua white porcelain figures which look like sculptures.
Retired Keeper, Salar Jung Museum
Keywords: Chinese porcelains, Salar Jung Museum


text:
But it's home sweet home
from Jay Z – U Don't Know Lyrics on Genius
Jay-Z is from Marcy projects.
In the previous couple lines, Jay describes his environment. One that seems dangerous and uncomfortable to live in. But Jay grew up in that lifestyle. It being the only life he knew, it was home for him.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Jay Z – U Don't Know Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


text:
Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
When it comes to aging gracefully, it's all about the eyes. This clinically-proven, award-winning concentrate provides a proverbial hat trick of benefits: it reduces the appearance of wrinkles, diminishes dark under-eye circles, and keeps puffiness in check.
Beware! For some this product may give you a red rash around your eyes and through your cheeks. When I tested it out, about an hour later I was at work looking like someone drew red lipstick circles around my eyes. Maybe not best for people with sensitive skin because typically I dont react to anything. Definitely would not try again.1
I've never applied an eye cream before, so maybe i apply too much, I live in the mtns of CO and it keeps squirting out as I put it on and I don't want to waste any. Either way, it makes the skin around my eyes feel kind of sticky and look shiny. I feel ok using this in the evening but not during the day. I currently don't have noticable eye wrinkles, but I am in my early 30's, spend a lot of time in the sun, and have a huge crease wrinkle in my forehead. Better start preventing as many wrinkles as I can now, so I am excited to try this product over the next few weeks. I've always wanted to try the brand.3
I love this product. I had never tried anything from StriVectin before receiving this sample in my Birchbox, but after using it one night I could see a noticeable difference in the circles under my eyes. Without prompting my husband, he said he noticed a difference too! This stuff is awesome!5
I started seeing results immediately and was shocked...I was skeptical at first but figured I would give the product a chance since I received the sample. I am only on day 2 and the circles under my eyes have visibly decreased. I look forward to seeing more results and would recommend this product!5


text: Print Email Save New Uses for Zippered Plastic Bags Zippered Plastic Bag as Soup Saver Stockpile soup by pouring extra portions into baggies, then laying them flat in the freezer. Once hardened, you can stack them up and save them for a rainy day. James Wojick PagesPrevious Next Page 6 of 20


text:
Fondue Cheeses
Cave Aged
Quick View
Emmenthaler Swiss
Regular Price: $18.99/LB
Special Price: $16.99/LBMy, what big eyes you have. That's what the holes in real Swiss mountain cheese are called. And this is as real as it comes. Get melting. Read More
Quick View
French RacletteRaclette, from the French verb meaning ''to scrape.'' Sscrape up every bit of this salty, leaty bad boy once melted atop potatoes. Read More
Quick View
Murray's English CheddarFresh cow's milk from the lush fields of England's West Country-- home to King Arthur, Camelot and centuries of cheddar-making history--is carefully crafted into this savory cheddar with an unusual depth of tangy, sweet and nutty flavors, developed after 16 months of age. Sidle up to the round table with a hunk of cheddar and a pint of blond ale. Read More
Quick View
Palacios Spanish ChorizoMade traditionally with smoked pimenton from a generations old recipe in La Rioja region, this chorizo is chunky, chewy and earthy. Read More
Quick View
Les Trois Petit Cochons
CornichonsServing pate at your picnic? Making a sandwich with French ham and brie on a baguette? If you answered ''yes'' to either of these questions, you need this jar of baby sour gherkins. Their pleasant tartness will temper the meat's richness. Read More


text:
Gotham City Impostors - First Impressions
When Gotham City Impostors was first announced last month, there were three main topical focal points swirling around the buzzmill. First up, the announcement surprised more than a few based on a fact that Arkham City is due to drop later this year. Secondly, based on the little info and images available at the time, many gamers instantly dubbed the game, ÂTeam Fortress 2 with a Batman themeÂ. The third eyebrow raiser is the gameÂs developer, Monolith Productions.
Not unlike a wickedly wrapped Joker bomb, IÂm going to take my best crack at addressing all three counting down from three to one. Hopefully nothing explodes at the end, but you never know these days!
First letÂs take a brief look at the developers of Gotham City Impostors: Monolith Productions. I find this interesting for a number of reasons, but our own mileage may vary.
Monolith has a fairly lengthy list of shipped titles, among them the third and most recent entry in the F.E.A.R. series which was released this June. If youÂve played any of those titles, you know that Monolith has a pretty solid lock on the Âdamn thatÂs creepy FPS market, or DTCFPS for short. And no, Dead Space doesnÂt count since thatÂs a third-person shooter franchise that desperately wants to be Gears of Gore, but I digress.
The second and final notable entry in the Monolith back catalogue  at least for the purposes of this article  is The Matrix Online, otherwise known as MXO by the few dozen people who continued to play it right up until the servers were shut down on July 31, 2009. Of course by that point the gameÂs development had been taken over by SOE after the previous publisher, Warner Brothers, decided to take the blue pill and jump ship on the project.
So if youÂre following along with me so far, the things we have to stuff in our magical brain blenders include:
- Team-based FPS featuring Hobo Batmen and Junkyard Jokers (and yes, I made those names up!)
- Developers of a fear-inducing FPS franchise that suspiciously launched the same year as MXO, a game that caused many strong emotive responses from MMO gamers, fear not being one of them
- Numerous comparisons to TF2
Still with me? Good. Then letÂs take a crack at those pesky TF2 comparisons now, shall we?
As luck would have it, I recently got the chance to spend some hands-on time with Gotham City Impostors. I can tell you first-hand that any comparisons to TF2 can safely be put to rest, the most obvious reason being that GCI is not a class-based shooter. Nor would you want it to be once you get a chance to zip around on roller skates or firebomb enemies with your rocket launcher while drifting along on your glider wings.
Before I drive too far down gadget lane, let me back up a bit and give you a quick rundown of what GCI is all about. As a team-based shooter, youÂll be playing on the side of Batman or the Joker, however, you wonÂt actually be playing as either one. Instead, youÂll be able to assemble some pretty outlandish costumes based on which side you play on, hence the Hobo Batman and Junkyard Joker references.
The zaniness doesnÂt end with cosmetics either. While each player can choose a core loadout from a list of some pretty standard projectile weapons of the gun and explosives varieties, youÂll also be able to select two different gadgets to bring to the multiplayer party.
During my hands-on time I stuck with a tried and true combo of rifle and rocket launcher for my main weapons, and for my gadgets I had a boomerang and glider wings. In terms of controls that meant my current weapon was mapped to the right trigger, and the two gadgets could be accessed using the right and left bumpers on a 360 controller. So pretty standard stuff for a console shooter, though thankfully GCI is expected to launch as a downloadable PC title as well.
(Yes, I still firmly believe that PC is the supreme ruler when it comes to shooter platforms. Sorry console fanatics, but facts is facts.)
The cool part of the gadgets I had at my disposal is that both offered some fairly non-traditional shooter gameplay into the mix, and I have a feeling this is where GCI will sink its hooks into FPS enthusiasts the most.
For my boomerang, holding down the bumper longer meant that it would eventually target up to three nearby enemies. Releasing it would send the thing flying, stunning and causing minor damage to all three along its path. Due to the length of time required to target multiple players I took more than a few dirt naps trying to get the hang of it, but the map we were playing on offered plenty of interesting places to perch.
Another fun interaction was the ability to firebomb enemies with the launcher while using the glider wings. It was another situational offensive maneuver at the end of the day, but a pretty cool one at that.
While my time with the game was somewhat brief, it did at least help me answer one burning question IÂve had ever since the game was first announced. IÂm happy to report that, yes, the game is definitely fun to play. Considering I was playing it on the 360  perhaps my least favorite platform as far as shooters go  that hopefully means good things for the PC release as well.
We donÂt have a set release date for Gotham City Impostors just yet, but the word on the streets is that itÂs due to drop sometime next year. When the game was originally announced there was some buzz about it possibly even being released by the end of this year. And while that seems entirely possible based on the playable state of the game demo at this stage, I personally donÂt think it would release too closely to Arkham City. Besides, Wikipedia has the release date listed as TBA 2012, and everything you read on Wikipedia is fact, amiright?
Either way, stay tuned wannabe caped crusaders and laughing gas masterminds. WeÂll be keeping a close watch on the development of Gotham City Impostors over the coming months, so set your dials to the Ten Ton Hammer channel and be sure to tune in for the next episode!
Hop over to the next page to check out the Gotham City Impostor screenshot gallery!


text:
Author(s): Basu, Kaushik
ISBN 10: 0691137161. See all ISBN's
Publisher: Princeton University Press
This is an eTextbook Learn More
One of the central tenets of mainstream economics is Adam Smith's proposition that, given certain conditions, self-interested behavior by individuals leads them to the social good, almost as if orchestrated by an invisible hand. This deep insight has, over the past two centuries, been taken out of context, contorted, and used as the cornerstone of free-market orthodoxy. In Beyond the Invisible Hand, Kaushik Basu argues that mainstream economics and its conservative popularizers have misrepresented Smith's insight and hampered our understanding of how economies function, why some economies fail and some succeed, and what the nature and role of state intervention might be. Comparing this view of the invisible hand with the vision described by Kafka--in which individuals pursuing their atomistic interests, devoid of moral compunction, end up creating a world that is mean and miserable--Basu argues for collective action and the need to shift our focus from the efficient society to one that is also fair.
Using analytic tools from mainstream economics, the book challenges some of the precepts and propositions of mainstream economics. It maintains that, by ignoring the role of culture and custom, traditional economics promotes the view that the current system is the only viable one, thereby serving the interests of those who do well by this system. Beyond the Invisible Hand challenges readers to fundamentally rethink the assumptions underlying modern economic thought and proves that a more equitable society is both possible and sustainable, and hence worth striving for.
By scrutinizing Adam Smith's theory, this impassioned critique of contemporary mainstream economics debunks traditional beliefs regarding best economic practices, self-interest, and the social good.
All ISBN's for this title:
ISBN 10: 0691137161, ISBN 13: 9780691137162, eISBN 10: 1400836271, eISBN 13: 9781400836277
This book may be returned within 15 days of the purchase date, or until you have progressed past the first 1 pages , whichever comes first. Your book is subject to Kno's Terms of Use.
Kno offers a 15-day, no questions asked, money back guarantee for all books you buy or rent through the Kno Bookstore. You are eligible for a full refund so long as you do not exceed the chapter limitation notification that appears in the textbook within a 15-day period.
Kno has the largest collection of digital textbooks on the market today. However, publishers do not have rights to make some of their textbooks available in a digital form. But that is changing over time and Kno is working with our publisher partners to make as many titles available digitally as possible.
An eTextbook is the digital version of a physical textbook.
All eTextbooks provided by Kno.com maintain the exact same page numbers and content as their physical versions.
Well, this is embarrassing.
Your transaction was not completed, please try again.
Sorry, there was a problem and your transaction was not processed completely. Please do not try to purchase this book again.
Instead contact Kno Customer Service at 1.877.935.6648 or by email at email@example.com and provide them with the following message number "1201" and they will resolve the issue.
Oops, looks like you already own this book.
Please check your course manager and review your purchased titles.
Hmmm, that's strange.
It appears that this title is not in our catalog after all.
The transaction did not complete because your credit card was declined. Possible reasons include:
Our credit card processing service does not specify the cause, so we recommend calling your credit card provider for details.
In a recent customer survey 54% of students using Kno got an A in their class. Kno has over 70 features that will improve your grades, save you time and help you get smarter!
Here's Just a Taste of What Kno Offers
Course Manager
organizes all your textbooks, PDFs and content in one spot.
instantly converts terms from your textbook into beautifully designed and smart flash cards.
Coming soon to Kno for Web
any text on a page.
turns any diagram in a book into a multiple choice quiz.
Coming Soon To Web
Smart Links
maps instructional videos, images, and photos to formulas & concepts in your book.
Coming Soon To Web


text:
Curated by Joshua Brown, The Reformed Broker
Mark Hanna is President and Owner of Hanna Capital, LLC, a registered investment advisory firm. Mark has been a follower of markets since the late 80s, with a focus on individual equities since the mid 90s.
Posted on 12:15PM 11/19/12
It is funny how the news often fits the market, and what I mean by that is that comments out of government Friday morning set stocks off just at the point they needed to.
Yes, We're Oversold -- But Where's the Emotion?
Posted on 10:28AM 11/14/12
I keep harping on this "emotion" aspect of the selloff - there has been really none to it, as the selling has been orderly if persistent.


text:
My Painting 3 by Little TecAdd this app to your lists
Tweets por @Appszoom
+ By Little Tec
My painting 3 allows you to create fun and colourful doodles and edit images with easy to use controls and export them to share them with your friends. My painting allows you to create galleries so that you pictures neat and organised. It can also be used as a useful tool for students to take quick notes and diagrams.
Recently changed in this version
Fixed the image-importing bug. You can now create image galleries to make it easer to manage your drawings. We have improved the controls with easy to use sliders.
Comments and ratings for My Painting 3
- There aren't any comments yet, be the first to comment!


text:
|A to Z | Popular | Random | Origins
KnightsRate Knights: Do you like this name?
Get creative with Knights | Add to list (0)
Meaning and name origin
Knights \kn(i)-gh-ts\ as a boy's name is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Knights is "knight's meadow". Knights is a variant of Knightley (Old English): place name.
Knights is not a popular first name for males but a very popular surname or last name for all people (#10888 out of 88799) (2000 U.S. Census).
Displayed below is the baby name popularity of the name Knights for boys (2015 statistics).
Similar Names
Suggested similar baby names are Knight and Knightly. Like Knights, these names are not commonly used.
© 2015 Think Baby Names
Home - About - Terms - Privacy - Contact


text: Bad Boy Mowers Outlaw XP is the newest model by the company. It comes with the most advanced and latest features in terms of technology and versatility. The model has been built with the best features that set it apart from others available in the market today. It uses four pause systems rather than two pause systems that many of their competitors use today. It comes with an excellent EZ-ride system that allows you to ride easily on uneven terrains. The mowers by Bad Boy are always known for their hard quality construction and this model has also been developed keeping in view the needs of the customers. It has a comfortable seat with adjustable handles that allow persons of every size to be comfortable in riding. The mower keeps the control in the fingertips of the rider with unique swing-away design access.


text:
We found 4 sites within 21 miles of Castle Donington with 2 bookable
Coalville, Leicestershire, England Show on map
|Non-electric hardstanding pitch
|4 x
|From £10/€13.90/AU$19.17/$14.92/14.36Fr per night
|Electric hardstanding pitch
|4 x
|From £15/€20.85/AU$28.76/$22.38/21.54Fr per night
Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England Show on map
|Electric hardstanding touring pitch
|5 x
|From £22.50/€31.28/AU$43.14/$33.57/32.30Fr per night
Ibstock, Leicestershire, England Show on map
Snarestone, Leicestershire, England Show on map
Let us help you find more search results…
Try increasing your search radius to within 31, 41, 51, 61 miles of Castle Donington.
Try widening your geographic area to: Leicestershire, or Central England, or England.
Remove all
or some of the search filters:
Remove TV room
Want to see more? We're only showing the sites that are bookable on Pitchup.com.
Show campsites and holiday parks that aren't bookable through Pitchup.com...


text:
There's no easier way to save money shopping online than using these Canon coupon codes. Right now they have 29 offers for May, and you can always count on finding their latest sales and free shipping codes here first.
No matter if you want a camera for casual picture-taking or for professional-grade photographs, Canon has a multitude of options for you. As one of the longest standing camera companies, you can trust in the quality you'll receive from a Canon camera.


text:
About Schools in Como, NC
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Como, NC.FIND AN AGENT
Como, North Carolina is located in Hertford County. Nearby cities and towns include Murfreesboro, Southampton Meadows, Winton, Severn, Newsoms, Cofield, Boykins, Conway, Franklin, Camptown, Branchville, Ahoskie, Courtland, Gatesville, Woodland, Carrsville, Capron, Harrellsville, Sedley, Powellsville, Lasker, Aulander, Rich Square, Sunbury, Jackson, Seaboard, Suffolk, Roxobel, and Colerain. Como is a rural community with a population of 90. The median household income is $20,624. In Como, 42% of residents are married, and families with children reside in 33% of the households. Half the population of Como commutes 23 minutes or less to work, with 75% of residents holding white collar jobs and 25% residents holding blue collar jobs. The median age of homes in Como, NC is 20 years, with 68% of those homes owned, 17% rented, and 15% not occupied.
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Como, NC.FIND AN AGENT
See if your personality and goals are right for real estate.SEE ALL REAL ESTATE CAREERS
Community information and market data Powered by Onboard Informatics. Copyright ©2015 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
This information is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be relied on in making any home-buying decisions. School information does not guarantee enrollment. Contact a local real estate professional or the school district(s) for current information on schools. This information is not intended for use in determining a person's eligibility to attend a school or to use or benefit from other city, town or local services.


text:
India should maintain neutral stand
India is expected to play a larger role than it is currently playing. The fact that conditions were supposed to improve after the cold war and they did, now India should continue to maintain their neutral stance and act as a coordinator of peace between the two countries. India should follow in the non-alignment rules set forth by Jawaharlal Nehru but should do so in a different manner, a way more apt with the current situation. There are 41 places that are currently facing conflicts, as per my knowledge and India must find a way to keep peace across the world. It should play a larger role and naturally emerge as a strong country. If India fails to do so, no one in the future would take India seriously and that is not something India wants.
Ramesh Awasthi, Chairperson, People's Union of Civil Liberties, Maharashtra
We should maintain our distance
India should at no point in time leave the neutral stand that it holds now. America is a good country to maintain relations with given their economic and resource base and on the other hand Russia has always stood by India throughout all these years. Keeping this in mind we cannot afford to spoil relations with either of the countries and so a neutral stand is the best option available. Also the fact that Russia is behind this is a political statement and till the investigations are not complete and enough evidence is not in place no one should be taking sides. This battle is between the Americans and Russians and India at all times should maintain distance, stay neutral and continue to support both.
Cdr, Ravidra Pathak, IN (Retd)
India should voice international inquiry
Shooting down a civilian airplane is sad tragedy that has happened. As of now we do not know who is behind it, as nobody has taken the responsibility till now. If Russia is responsible or pro Russian rebels are responsible no one knows. It is being said that Ukraine rebels are using high-tech weapons supplied by Russia, therefore the whole world is holding Russia responsible for the ghastly act. Russia has been an old friend of India, therefore we should not immediately take a stance against Russia without having concrete proof against Russia. India should voice for international inquiry and if Russia is found to be involved in any way, then we should take strong stance against Russia. We should be cautious in the issue, however any type of war should not be brought to civilians and if innocent civilian are being made victims, we should strongly condemn it. US will always want India to join the capitalist and anti-communist lobby.
Abhijeet Vaidya, National President, Socialist Yuvajana Sabha
India's decision might not matter
Till it has been proved that Russia was involved in downing the Malaysian plane, India should not take any stance. Just because Russian made missile was used to down the civilian plane, cannot be taken as a proof of Russia's involvement. It is too early to take a stance against Russia when the investigations are not carried yet. India should wait and watch, till the facts are found out. India thinks it is a big player on the global platform, but US is least bothered about India's stance. It is not even bothered if India joins its lobby or not. Right now the best India can do is wait and watch and let the investigation take place. We are not powerful enough that our decision would matter.
Arun Bhatia, President of People's Guardian Party & ex-Municipal Commissioner of Pune


text:
- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
All (2) from $61.46
Used (2) from $61.46
Feedback rating:
Ships from: Mishawaka, IN
Usually ships in 1-2 business days
Feedback rating:
Ships from: Mishawaka, IN
Usually ships in 1-2 business days
Volume 56 presents eight chapters that describe how the software, hardware and applications of computers are changing the use of computers during the early part of the 21st century:
* Software Evolution and the Staged Model of the Software Lifecycle
* Embedded Software
* Empirical Studies of Quality Models in Object-Oriented Systems
* Software Fault Prevention by Language Choice
* Quantum computing and communication
* Exception Handling
* Breaking the Robustness Barrier: Recent Progress on the Design of Robust Multimodal Systems
* Using Data Mining to Discover the Preferences of Computer Criminals
As the longest-running continuous serial on computers, Advances in Computers presents technologies that will affect the industry in the years to come, covering hot topics from fundamentals to applications. Additionally, readers benefit from contributions of both academic and industry professionals of the highest caliber.
Audience: Computer Science professionals, researchers, and students with particular emphasis on software engineering.
|The state of artificial intelligence
|Software model checking with SPIN
|Early cognitive computer vision
|Verification and validation and artificial intelligence
|Indexing, learning and content-based retrieval for special purpose image databases
|Defect analysis : basic techniques for management and learning
|Function points
|The role of mathematics in computer science and software engineering education


text:
U-Con to gather gamers for weekend in new digs
If this weekend is for anime fans, next weekend is for gamers — and not just the video game variety. U-Con, one of the state's largest gaming conventions, is moving this year from its longtime home on the University of Michigan campus to the Metropolitan Hotel in Romulus near Detroit Metropolitan Airport. It runs Nov. … Continue Reading →


text:
Catalogue Number: 209-2314
- H75xW90xL160-215cm
- Solid oak frame
- Self-assembly
Sorry, there are currently no sellers for this product.
Product Details
The large Chesham extending dining table is a great to have to accommodate extra dinner guests. This rectangular contemporary table has a solid oak frame and tabletop with a natural oak lacquered finish. The unique extending mechanism ensures 2 additional comfortable dining spaces are available whenever the need arises. The table can seat 6 people comfortably when closed and 8 when extended. The extension is self contained within the table for convenience. The large Chesham extending table is part of the Chesham range of solid oak furniture. Minimal assembly required. A product from this range is on display in Bracknell, Bristol Imperial, Bristol Cribbs, Chester, Nottingham, Preston and Bromborough Homeplus Stores. Go to http://www.tesco.com/storeLocator/, narrowing your search to Homeplus stores for more information.
Product specifications
Product specifications
Key Information
|Extending table
|Table Material
|Solid wood
|Table Top Material
|Solid oak
|Table Finish
|Laquered finish
|Frame Material
|Solid oak
|Leg Material
|Table Colour
|Natural oak
|Table Shape
|Minimal assembly required
|Distance Between Table Legs
|145 closed 200 open
|Product Height
|75.0 Centimetre
|Product Width
|90.0 Centimetre
|Unit of Measure for Product Dimensions
|Product Weight
|54.0 Kilogram
|Assembled Height
|75.0 Centimetre
|Assembled Width
|90.0 Centimetre
|Unit of Measure for Assembled Dimensions
|Assembled Weight
|54.0 Kilogram


text:
We aren't holding our breath. It's amazing how many drugs are shown to do things in laboratory rats and mice but then have absolutely no effect whatsoever in larger animals — let alone humans. However, if you are interested in the concept that Lipitor and Celebrex in combination may be able to delay the progression of prostate cancer, have a look at this article in Forbes.
Both drugs would be off patent by the time this theory was proven, so even Pfizer is unlikely to get excited.
But that isn't going to deter the media! … The hype on this trial has already escalated into the stratosphere.
According to Reuters, "a combination of Celebrex (celecoxib) and Lipitor (atorvastatin) may effectively halt the progression of prostate cancer."
HealthDay states that, "This study aimed to delay the progression of androgen-dependent tumors to androgen-independent tumors, thus allowing doctors more time to administer anti-hormone therapy," which "is less toxic than many other cancer therapies." What?
WebMD writes that, "Tumors started to regrow in the mice that didn't get any drug treatment almost immediately, compared to all three drug approaches [that] slowed the growth of new tumors." What "three drug approaches"?
And ScienceDaily quotes the lead author of the study as saying "that the team is exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms to understand how Lipitor and Celebrex work on prostate cancer, perhaps identifying an important signaling pathway for tumor cell growth that the drugs inhibit."
The "New" Prostate Cancer InfoLink humbly offers this information as an outstanding example of how the media manages to blow data from a tiny experiment in mice out of all reasonable proportion!
Filed under: Drugs in development, Management, Treatment


text:
What is usability testing?
Thisrefers to the evaluation of products or services by testing them with representative target users.
During usability tests, participants normally carry out tasks aligned with what a typical user should be able to accomplish on the actual final product. There are always observers/researchers in the room with the participants who observe and take note as the tests take place.
The goal is usually to identify usability problems that may be experienced and also the participant's satisfaction with the product.
Benefits of Usability Testing
Usability tests helps both the design and development teams identify problems that users may experience before they do the final coding and release of the product. The earlierproblemsare identified and fixed, the less expensiveit becomes it becomes to fix the problemsin terms of both staff and time and sometimes even the impact to the project schedule.
During the usability tests, you:
- Learn if participants are able to accomplish assigned tasks successfully
- If they accomplish the assigned tasks, how long it takes them and also what processes they go through
- Get to know if participants are satisfied or enjoy using the product or website
- Understand where changes need to be effected to improve user satisfaction and performance
- Also analyze user performance to see if it meets your usability objectives
After the tests
After you're done carrying out the usability tests, analysis of the data collected is done and a report written up.
iHub UX Lab Usability Tests Procedure
This is a simplified breakdown of how usability tests are carried out at the iHub UX Lab:
- Plan for the test
- Testing room set up
- Actual usability tests run
Afterwards we start the tests. We have the participants carry out tasks aligned with what the product should be able to do, we also ask them to do modified think alouds(this is where participants verbalize their thoughts as they go through the tasks). As the tests are happening the observer/researcher take notes of the participants expressions, exclamations and processes they go through in completing the tasks given.
When the test is over we thank the participant and also give them a compensation for their time and help given to us.
- Analysis
Next time someone mentions usability tests hopefully you will know what they are talking about and probably even throw in your opinion in the conversation.


text:
Protesters Storm The American Embassy In Egypt
Conservative Islamists, upset over a movie alleged to have been produced in the United States showing Muhammad having sex, have replaced the American flag with a black flag praising Allah.
Egyptian protesters, largely ultra conservative Islamists, have climbed the walls of the U.S. embassy in Cairo, stormed the courtyard and torn down down the American flag. The protesters replaced it with a Salafist flag with Arabic words that read, "There is no God but Allah and Mohammad is his prophet."
The protesters are angered by an anti-Islam film produced in the U.S., clips of which are on YouTube, depicting the Prophet Muhammad as a fraud who has sex and calls for massacres.


text:
Billy "The Piano Man" Joel
Elton "The Rocket Man" Joel
Zapp Brannigan in the shower
Originally Posted by Zapp Brannigan I bet you would, you little minx. I said a recording, not a video!
Super 32 Challenge - October 26-27, 2013 "Good things happen when you wrestle for a full seven minutes." -- Jayson Ness, post-finals press conference
View Tag Cloud
Forum Rules


text:
Entertainment News Archive - August 23, 2008
By WILLIAM TELFORD Herald Reporter Gotta dance! Talented Lewis Calcutt will be doing the hot shoe shuffle all the way to a brand-new theatre school this autumn. The teenager from Crownhill is just one of 30 budding stage stars to land a place at the pounds2million Performers College, in Essex.
By TRISTAN NICHOLS Herald Reporter Historic Antony House has been chosen as one of the filming locations for a blockbuster movie by Disney. The Herald has learned the National Trust property, near Torpoint, will be closed to the public from September 1 until October 14 for filming.
Filming is to start on a documentary which will retrace North Lincolnshire's links with the Pilgrim Fathers, who sailed from Plymouth to America in 1620 on The Mayflower. But there is still a shortage of volunteers to play the roles of the original pioneers and work behind the scenes.
B ritain's biggest jazz festival is about to burst on to the boulevards of Bude, airing the music of New Orleans and much more. Now celebrating its 21st year, the festival packs 166 events into eight days, running from tomorrow until Saturday, August 30.
T hey stand tall and proud in the barren desert landscape, flowing robes and headdresses protecting them from the sun - a picture of traditional nomadic tribespeople.
Twenty-one years in the West End and Blood Brothers is still going strong. A multi-award winner and a global success, this show's triumph goes against all expectations.
C ontroversial raconteur and writer Howard Marks has agreed to compere the main stage at this year's Surfstock Festival - another impressive catch for what promises to be a thoroughly eclectic and entertaining shindig.
By TINA CROWSON The man behind Torbay's latest comedy film Snappers has announced ambitious plans to set up a film school and studios in Torbay.
What a send-off for the Plymouth school which is due to close forever in just a few days. Students at Parkside Community College did themselves, their families, their teachers and their school proud with their GCSE results yesterday.
By Evan Henerson Even a multi- hyphenated singer-actress-designer has to get her house in order. And that's just what Stacy Ferguson is doing ... one yard of flooring at a time. "After this, I'm going to meet with carpeting people," says Ferguson, known to the world as Fergie.
- A young chicken: also used as a pet name for children.


text:
Just Fontaine
Date of birth: August 18, 1933
Position: Striker
National team: France
Appearances: 21
Goals: 30
He holds the record for most goals scored in a single World Cup — 13 in the 1958 edition. He is also No. 4 in the list of list of top-scorers in World Cup history. Fontaine was surprise a inclusion for the 1958 World Cup. After all, he had played only twice for France and had missed most of the season because of knee trouble. He went to the finals expecting to be reserve to Rene Bliard, but the latter got injured on the eve of the tournament and Fontaine grabbed the opportunity with both hands


text:
This episode: A protein from gut bacteria has been tentatively linked with a human protein related to eating disorders!
(11.4 MB, 12.4 minutes)
Show notes:
Are you an early career scientist who is interested in public outreach? Do you want to share your love of microbiology with the world? Consider applying to the American Society for Microbiology's Headquarter Communications Fellowship. This 6-month fellowship in Wash... Read More
The TWiV team reviews the discovery of old vials of smallpox virus at NIH, anthrax and influenza mishaps at CDC, the baby who was not cured of HIV, Cambridge Working Group, and sacking of NSABB members.
Hosts: Read More
This episode: Carbon monoxide-eating bacteria get modified to produce more useful products!
(16 MB, 17.5 minutes)
Show notes:
... Read More
The TWiVites present an all-ebolavirus episode, tackling virology, epidemiology, and approaches to prevention and cure that are in the pipeline.
Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Read More
The current Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa has sickened over 14,000 people and has killed over 5,100. Health workers from around the world are attempting to halt this deadly disease. On November 19th, the American Society for Microbiology featured two of these health workers, Dr. Joseph ... Read More
Creating and maintaining a clean, sustainable water supply means delivering drinking water and collecting wastewater while dealing with pathogenic microorganisms ... Read More
Tom talks with Vincent about viral central nervous system infections of global importance, Ebola virus, and running the fastest marathon dressed as a doctor.
Host: Vincent Racaniello Read More
This episode: Bacterial nanowires are made of the cells' outer membranes!
(9.75 MB, 10.6 minutes)
This episode: BacterioFiles teams up with The Plant Pathology Podcast to talk about how microbes living in plants sometimes team up with the plants, sometimes with plant pathogens!
(17.7 MB, 19.25 minutes) Read More
This episode: Truffle's microbiome helps produce its attractive aromas!
(12.5 MB, 13.6 minutes)
Show notes:
<... Read More
This episode: Engineered bacteria can be made to produce many different useful kinds of biofilm!
(10.5 MB, 11.5 minutes)
Show notes:
Vincent, Alan, and Kathy continue their coverage of the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, with a discussion of case fatality ratio, reproductive index, a conspiracy theory, and spread of the virus to the United States.
Hosts: Read More
voxsciurorum writes:
Dear water-based life forms:
It is 24 degrees in Overland Park, Kansas and I am looking at a slide labeled "Giardia lamblia", part of a museum exhibit on water and human (over) use of water.
I see a greenish lump. I don't know... Read More
ASM's Cultures magazine traveled to Colombia to speak ... Read More
Vincent, Rich, and Kathy and their guests Clodagh and Ron recorded this episode at the 33rd annual meeting of the American Society for Virology at Colorado State University in Ft. Collins, Colorado.
This episode: Bacterial antivirus system could treat chronic herpes virus infections!
(10.9 MB, 11.9 minutes)
Show notes:


text:
VIEW FULL GALLERY BUILD BOARD View Post Manage Gallery
Image Details
CATEGORIES Food and Drink Decor TAGS Orange Macarons Peach
la de da photography is a member of our Little Black Book, Love what you see? Take a look at their portfolio.
For more information on how vendors are chosen, click here


text:
The multipurpose device could fold into a variety of forms. There's no evidence that SAP plans to bring it to market, but it is a sign that the company is willing to consider completely new lines of business.
Subscriber Content Read Preview
Rackspace Hosting's general counsel is using the company blog to rally the open source community in a fight against litigious patent holders.
Subscriber Content Read Preview
The rate of patent creation in the U.S. stands at historically high levels. This news not only throws cold water on a popular notion that the U.S. is at a technological plateau, but points to more economic growth and productivity, particularly for those metropolitan areas housing the most patent-holders, writes Guest Columnist Irving Wladawsky-Berger.
CIOs are monitoring patent litigation including the ongoing trial between Apple and Samsung. Ultimately they say patent litigation can impact their strategy decisions and that it hampers tech innovation among small companies.
CIO Journal provides time-pressed CIOs with a definitive destination for the most relevant news and analysis, to help them connect the dots between technology trends and business strategy. Its team of reporters and editors—aided by the resources of Dow Jones and thousands of other premium news sites—focuses on the use of technology as a tool for business growth. Contact our editors with news items, comments and questions at: email@example.com.
Learn about the CIO Journal editorial team.


text:
Latest Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 Stories
NASA Kennedy Space Center's historic Launch Complex 39A, the site from which numerous Apollo and space shuttle missions began, is beginning a new mission as a commercial launch site.
WASHINGTON, April 13, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- NASA will provide a status update on Launch Complex 39A at 2:30 p.m.
NASA has officially decided to begin negotiations with SpaceX over the use and maintenance of Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, ending a highly-charged selection process.
The GAO announced that it had ruled against a challenge to NASA plans brought by Blue Origin, a private space exploration company owned by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos.
In what can only be considered a sign of the times, NASA has announced that it will begin accepting bids to rent or buy its Launch Pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center from a "commercial company or consortium."
For more than a year, NASA's crawler-transporter (CT) 2 has been undergoing a major tuneup in the Kennedy Space Center's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). Recent work has included preparations to install upgraded components that will enable the crawler to carry the greater loads anticipated with the agency's new rocket designed to take astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit for the first time since the early 1970s.
The program tasked with setting up NASA's Kennedy Space Center to host an array of launchers and spacecraft passed a milestone last week when the 21st Century Ground Systems Program's Mission Concept Review was completed.
Latest Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 Reference Libraries
Atlantis launched from Kennedy Space Center on November 15, 1990 at 6:48 PM EST and landed at Kennedy on November 20 at 4:42 PM EST. The shuttle orbited 79 times at an altitude of 142 nautical miles at an inclination of 28.5 degrees and travelled 2 million miles. This was a Department of Defense mission and the mission activities are classified. The launch was originally scheduled for July 1990. However, a liquid hydrogen leak found on the orbiter Columbia during the STS-35 countdown...
Orion is a spacecraft design that is being developed by the United States space agency NASA. When completed, each Orion spacecraft will carry a crew of up to six astronauts. Along with Orion, the Ares I launch vehicle is also being developed. Orion and Ares I are both part of NASA's Project Constellation. The project should be complete in 2010, when NASA wants to start planning on sending human explorers back to the Moon, and eventually Mars and other celestial bodies in the Solar System....
- Stoppage; cessation (of labor).
- A standing still or idling (of mills, factories, etc.).


text:
Crysis Retail Patch - Where is it?
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 17,982
Re: Crysis Retail Patch
Originally Posted by
The beta patch will be out next year, it's 8.2GB zipped and called Crysis_2.exe. Maybe next time Crytek will focus a wee bit on the actual performance of the crap they are releasing and for crying out loud don't ruin it with flying around shooting 2 poly aliens. LAME.
Nope. I'm betting the sequal will have even improved visuals over the first, and once again the top of the line systems at that time *still* wont be able to play it in all its glory.
And honestly this is what I'm hoping for. Cevat promised us (heck, you could say it was more of a warning) that no system available today can play Crysis with 100% everything maxed- he warned us of this even before the game came out! And yet people were shocked by the framerates when they maxed all possible settings.
He could have written this in big bold letters, and smacked each of you up the head with it and ya'll still wouldn't have gotten it.
Atleast they were kind enough to disable the "Ultra" settings. Otherwise there'd be even more crying going on.
Now for my first complaint about the game- I've encountered my first "glitch". Just a graphical anomoly actually. Kind of takes from the game play, but oh well. My second time through the game, nearly half way through, and this is the first time I see such a "glitch". Still not enough to completely kill the game for me.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Redeemed


text:
STK 1990 1990 Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1 Call 800-650-1055 or visit our website at www.autobarnclassiccars.com for more information. ALL VEHICLES SOLD "AS-IS"... More
This Corvette is in all original condition with 27,000 miles. This beautiful car looks, rides, drives, and smells like new. The Corvette... More
1990 Chevrolet Corvette Convertible, 5.7, automatic, digital dash , fresh out of a collection *** BY APPOINTMENT ONLY*** MORE PICTURES ON OUR WEBSITE Financing, extended warranty, shipping... More
1990 Corvette ZR1 one owner top flight award winner pristine in every way original wheels come with the car. call us at 941-355-1955 ... More
1990 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 Coupe: This Corvette was purchased new by ROBERT PHELPS the famous collector. With only 28100 miles this ZR1 is all... More
They call them Texas limousines, but you've never seen a crew cab pickup like this 1990 Chevrolet R/V 3500 Silverado. Built for show and... More
1990 Chevrolet SS 454 PickUp - Only 22,000 original miles on an absolutely awesome truck inside and out! Built original big block 454 engine... More
This 1990 Corvette ZR1 ONLY HAS 12,002 MILES!! DOHC 5.7 LITRE LT5 WITH 375 HORSEPOWER 6 SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION FULLY LOADED INCLUDING 6-WAY POWER SEATS ORIGINAL DOCUMENTATION ORIGINAL WINDOW STICKER BUILD... More
This beautiful 454 SS is a tribute to Dale Earnhardt. It comes complete with 7.4L V8 engine with 230 hp and 385 lb-ft of... More


text:
Abrasive tools contain abrasive grains oriented in an array according to a non-uniform pattern having an exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain, and the exclusionary zone has a minimum dimension that exceeds the maximum diameter of the desired grit size range for the abrasive grain. Methods for designing such a self-avoiding array of abrasive grain and for transferring such an array to an abrasive tool body are described.
1. An abrasive tool comprising abrasive grains, bond and a substrate, the abrasive grains having a selected maximum diameter and a selected size range, and the abrasive grains being adhered in a single layer array to the substrate by the bond, characterized in that:
(a) the abrasive grains are oriented in the array according to a non-uniform pattern having an exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain, and
(b) each exclusionary zone has a minimum diameter that exceeds the maximum diameter of the desired abrasive grain grit size.
2. The abrasive tool of
3. The abrasive tool of
4. The abrasive tool of
(a) restricting a series of coordinate value pairs (x1, y1) such that the coordinate values along at least one axis are restricted to a numerical sequence wherein each value differs from the next value by a constant amount;
(b) decoupling each selected coordinate value pair (x1, y1) to yield a set of selected x values and a set of selected y values;
(c) randomly selecting from the sets of x and y values a series of random coordinate value pairs (x, y), each pair having coordinate values differing from coordinate values of any neighboring coordinate value pair by a minimum value (k); and
(d) generating an array of the randomly selected coordinate value pairs having sufficient pairs, plotted as points on a graph, to yield the exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain.
5. The abrasive tool of
6. The abrasive tool of
7. The abrasive tool of
8. The abrasive tool of
9. The abrasive tool of
This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/229,408, filed on Sep. 16, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,507,267 B2, which in turn is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/683,486, filed on Oct. 10, 2003, now abandoned, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
A method for designing and manufacturing abrasive tools and unique abrasives tools made by this method has been developed. In this method, individual abrasive grains are placed in a controlled, random spatial array such that the individual grains are non-contiguous. Having a random, but controlled, array of abrasive grains on an abrasive tool's abrading surface can yield optimum abrasive action, thereby improving efficiency and consistently generating planar workpiece surfaces.
Uniform, patterned abrasive grain placement on various categories of abrasive tools has been found to improve abrasive tool performance. One such category of tools, the "engineered" or "structured" coated abrasive tools designed for fine, precision grinding operations, has become commercially available over the past decade. Typical designs for these coated abrasive tools are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. A-5,014,468, A-5,304,223, A-5,833,724, A-5,863,306 and 6,293,980B. In these tools, small, shaped composite structures, e.g., three-dimensional pyramids, diamonds, lines and hexagonal ridges, containing a plurality of abrasive grains held within bond material, are replicated as a single layer in a regular pattern on the surface of a flexible backing sheet. These tools have been found to engage in freer cutting, and the open spaces between the grain composites allow for cooler grinding and enhanced debris removal. Similar tools in the superabrasive tool category, having a rigid, shaped backing disc or core, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,107.
Abrasive tools have been designed having a single layer of abrasive grains laid out in a uniform grid pattern of squares, circles, rectangles, hexagons, or other replicated geometric patterns and these tools have been used in a variety of precision finishing applications. A pattern may comprise individual grains or parcels of abrasive grains in a single layer, separated by open spaces between the parcels. Particularly among superabrasive tools, uniform patterns of abrasive grains are thought to render more planar, smoother surface finishes than can be achieved with random placement of abrasive grains on the abrasive tool. Such tools are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,537,140B1, A-5,669,943, A-4,925,457, A-5,980,678, A-5,049,165, 6,368,198B1 and A-6,159,087.
Thus, various abrasive tools have been designed and manufactured according to highly precise specifications required for the uniform abrasion of costly semi-finished workpieces. As an example of such workpieces in the electronics industry, semi-finished integrated circuits must be abraded or polished to remove excess ceramic or metal materials that have been selectively deposited in multiple surface layers, with or without etching, onto wafers (e.g., silica or other ceramic or glass substrate material). The planarization of newly formed surface layers on the semi-finished integrated circuits is done with chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes using abrasive slurries and polymeric pads. The CMP pads must be continuously or periodically "conditioned" with an abrasive tool. Conditioning eliminates pad hardening or glazing caused by the compression of accumulated debris and abrasive slurry particles into the polishing surface of the pads. The conditioning action must be uniform across the surface of the pad so that the conditioned pad once again can planarize the semi-finished wafers across the entire surface of the wafers.
The location of abrasive grains on the conditioning tool is controlled to effect uniform scratch patterns on the polishing surface of the pad. Fully random placement of abrasive grain on a two-dimensional plane of the tool generally is considered unsuitable for CMP pad conditioning. It has been suggested to control the location of abrasive grains on CMP conditioning tools by orienting each grain along some defined uniform grid on the abrading surface of the tool. (See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,198 B1.) However, uniform grid tools have certain limitations. For example, a uniform grid gives rise to a periodicity in vibration arising from the tool movement that, in turn, can cause waviness or periodic grooves on the pad or uneven wear of the abrasive tool or of the polishing pad, ultimately translating to inferior surfaces on the semi-finished workpiece.
A method for creating a non-uniform grid pattern of abrasive grains in a single layer on an abrasive tool substrate is disclosed in JP Pat. No. 2002-178264. In making these tools, one begins by defining a virtual grid having a uniform, two-dimensional pattern, such as a series of squares, wherein grains are to be placed at the intersections of lines on the grid. Then, one randomly selects some intersections along the grid and displaces grains from these intersections, moving the grains a distance of less than three times the average grain diameter. The method makes no provision for insuring the placement of individual grains in a numerical sequence along the x or y axis, thus failing to insure that the resultant tool surface can deliver consistent abrading action, without significant gaps or inconsistencies in the area of contact when the tool traces a linear path over a workpiece. The method also fails to insure a defined exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain, thus permitting both zones of concentrated grains and zones with gaps between grains that can cause non-uniform surface qualities in the finished workpiece. Having none of these deficiencies of JP Pat. No. 2002-178264, the present invention permits one to manufacture abrasive tools having a defined exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain in a random, but controlled, two-dimensional array. Further, tools can be manufactured having a randomized numerical sequence of abrasive grain locations along the x and/or y axis of the grinding surface of the tool so as to create consistent abrading action, without significant gaps or inconsistencies in the area of contact, as the tool traces a linear path over the workpiece.
Prior art abrasive tools made with a uniform grid array of grains arranged by placing individual abrasive grains into interstitial voids of a template wire screen or perforated sheet (e.g., as in U.S. Pat. No. A-5,620,489) are limited to the static, uniform structural dimensions of such a grid. These wire screens and uniformly perforated sheets only can produce a tool design having a grid of regular dimensions (often a square or diamond grid). In contrast, tools of the invention may employ non-uniform distances, in a variety of lengths, between abrasive grits. Thus, vibration periodicity may be avoided. Freed from template screen dimensions, the cutting surface of the tool may contain a higher concentration of abrasive grain and may employ much finer abrasive grit sizes while still controlling grain placement. For CMP pad conditioning, it is believed that the higher the concentration of abrasive grains on the abrasive tool, the greater the number of abrasive points in contact with the pads and the higher the efficiency of removal of accumulated oxide debris and other glazing materials from the polishing surface of the pads. Because CMP pads are relatively soft, small abrasive grit sizes are suitable for use in this application and one may use relatively higher concentrations of a smaller grit size abrasive grain.
Furthermore, in peripheral grinding operations carried out with the tools of the invention, each grain in the controlled, random array of non-contiguous abrasive grains will trace different, self-avoiding paths or lines along the surface of the workpiece as it moves in a linear fashion. This contrasts favorably with prior art tools having a uniform grid array of abrasive grains. In a uniform grid, each grain sharing the same x or y dimension on the grid will trace along the surface of the workpiece in the same path or line traced by all other grains lying at the same x or y dimension which also traverse the pad. In this manner, the uniform grid tools of the prior art tend to create "trenches" on the surface of the workpiece. The tools of the invention minimize these problems. Tools operated in a rotary fashion rather than in a linear fashion present a different situation. With a "face" or surface grinding tool, regular arrays of grain have multi-fold rotational symmetry, (e.g., a square uniform grid has a four-fold rotational symmetry, hexagonal has six-fold, etc.) whereas the tools of the invention have only one-fold rotational symmetry. Thus, the repeat cycle of the tools of the invention is much longer (e.g., 4 times longer than a square, uniform grid) with the net effect that the tools of the invention minimize the creation of regular patterns on the workpiece, relative to tools having a regular uniform array of abrasive grain.
In addition to benefits realized in peripheral grinding and CMP pad conditioning, the abrasive tools of the invention offer benefits in various manufacturing processes. These processes include, for example, abrading other electronic components, e.g., backgrinding ceramic wafers, finishing optical components, finishing materials characterized by plastic deformation and grinding "long chipping" materials, e.g., titanium, Inconel alloys, high tensile steel, brass and copper.
While the invention is particularly useful in making tools having a single layer of abrasive grain on a planar work surface, a two-dimensional grain array may be bent or formed into a hollow three-dimensional cylinder and thereby adapted for use on tools constructed as a cylindrical three-dimensional array of abrasive grain held on the surface of the tool (e.g., rotary dressing tools). The abrasive grain array may be converted from a two-dimensional sheet or structure to a solid, three-dimensional structure by rolling the sheet bearing the bonded abrasive grain array into a concentric roll, thus creating a spiral structure in which each grain is randomly offset from each adjacent grain in the z direction and all grains are non-contiguous in the x, y and z direction. The invention also is useful in making many other sorts of abrasive tools. These tools include, for example, surface grinding disks, edge grinding tools comprising a rim of abrasive grain around the perimeter of a rigid tool core or hub, and tools comprising a single layer of abrasive grain or abrasive grain/bond composite on a flexible backing sheet or film.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing abrasive tools having a selected exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain, comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting a two-dimensional planar area having a defined size and shape;
(b) selecting a desired abrasive grain grit size and concentration for the planar area;
(c) randomly generating a series of two-dimensional coordinate values;
(d) restricting each pair of randomly generated coordinate values to coordinate values differing from any neighboring coordinate value pair by a minimum value (k);
(e) generating an array of the restricted, randomly generated coordinate values having sufficient pairs, plotted as points on a graph, to yield the desired abrasive grain concentration for the selected two dimensional planar area and the selected abrasive grain grit size; and
The invention relates to a second method for manufacturing abrasive tools having a selected exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain, comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting a two-dimensional planar area having a defined size and shape;
(b) selecting a desired abrasive grain grit size and concentration for the planar area;
(c) selecting a series of coordinate value pairs (x1, y1) such that the coordinate values along at least one axis are restricted to a numerical sequence wherein each value differs from the next value by a constant amount;
(d) decoupling each selected coordinate value pair (x1, y1) to yield a set of selected x values and a set of selected y values;
(e) randomly selecting from the sets of x and y values a series of random coordinate value pairs (x, y), each pair having coordinate values differing from coordinate values of any neighboring coordinate value pair by a minimum value (k);
(f) generating an array of the randomly selected coordinate value pairs having sufficient pairs, plotted as points on a graph, to yield the desired abrasive grain concentration for the selected two dimensional planar area and the selected abrasive grain grit size; and
The invention also relates to abrasive tool comprising abrasive grains, bond and a substrate, the abrasive grains having a selected maximum diameter and a selected size range, and the abrasive grains being adhered in a single layer array to the substrate by the bond, characterized in that:
(a) the abrasive grains are oriented in the array according to a non-uniform pattern having an exclusionary zone around each abrasive grain, and
(b) each exclusionary zone has a minimum diameter that exceeds the maximum diameter of the desired abrasive grain grit size.
In making the tools of the invention, one begins by generating a two dimensional graphic plot to direct the placement of the center of the longest dimension of each abrasive grain on one point of a controlled random spatial array consisting of non-contiguous points. The dimension of the array and the number of points selected for the array are dictated by the desired abrasive grain grit size and grain concentration on the two dimensional planar area of a grinding or polishing face of the abrasive tool being manufactured. The graphic plot may be generated by any known means for generating a two-dimensional plot, including, for example, manual mathematical calculations, CAD drawings and computer algorithms (or "macros"). In a preferred embodiment, a macro running in a Microsoft� Excel� software program is used to generate the graphic plot.
Generating a Graph of a Self-Avoiding Array of Abrasive Grain
In one embodiment of the invention, the following macro created in Microsoft Excel software (2000 version) was used to generate points on a two dimensional grid, forming the array of points for locating individual abrasives grains on a tool surface that is illustrated in
Macro for Generating
(Dim=dimension; rnd=random)
In another embodiment of the invention, the following macro created in Microsoft Excel software (2000 version) was used to generate points on a two dimensional grid, forming the array of points for locating individual abrasive grains on a tool surface that is illustrated in
Macro for Generating
(Dim=dimension; Q=count of number of points or calculations; rand=random)
Note that the space in
The point distribution shown in
With the step distance in x and y being 0.1, it was found that a grid was accepted on the first attempt if the minimum point spacing was 0.4 or less. If the minimum point spacing was 0.5 or 0.6, a number of attempts were necessary to place all the points. The maximum spacing that allowed placing of all the points was 0.7, and often several hundred attempts were necessary before placing all the points.
Because the radial dimension directs the placement of more points near the center of the ring and fewer points near the perimeter of the ring and the perimeter encompasses a larger area than the center, the density of points per unit area is not uniform. In a tool made with such an array, the abrasive grains located nearer the perimeter will have to grind a larger area and will wear more quickly. To avoid such a disadvantage and to create uniformly dense abrasive grain distribution, a second, Cartesian array can be generated and superimposed upon the polar coordinate array. A macro and an array of the sort illustrated in
The relative distributions of intercept values shown as diamond shapes on the various graphs shown in the Figures may be compared in order to predict tool performance for abrasive tools being moved in a linear path during grinding. An abrasive tool having multiple grains located at one (or more) identical intercept value will trace a path of uneven coverage (e.g., the prior art tool of
The size of the exclusionary zone around each grain may vary from grain to grain and does not have to be the same value (i.e., the minimum value (k) defining the distance between the center-point of adjacent grains may be a constant or a variable). In order to create an exclusionary zone, the minimum value (k) must exceed the maximum diameter of the desired size range of abrasive grain. In a preferred embodiment, the minimum value (k) is at least 1.5 times the maximum diameter of the abrasive grain. The minimum value (k) must avoid any grain-to-grain surface contact and provide channels between grains sized sufficiently large to permit removal of grinding debris from the grains and the tool surface. The dimension of the exclusionary zone will be dictated by the nature of the grinding operation, with work materials that generate large chips needing tools that have larger channels between adjacent abrasive grains and larger exclusionary zone dimensions than work materials that generate fine chips.
Making an Abrasive Tool Using a Graph of a Self-Avoiding Array
The two-dimensional array of controlled random points may be transferred to a tool substrate or to a template for abrasive grain placement by a variety of techniques and equipment. These included, for example, automated robotic systems for orienting and placing objects, graphic image (e.g., CAD blueprint) transfers to laser cutting or photo-resist chemical etching equipment for making templates or dies, laser or photo-resist equipment for direct application of the array onto a tool substrate, automated adhesive dot dispensing equipment, mechanical punch equipment and the like.
As used herein, "tool substrate" refers to a mechanical backing, core or rim onto which the array of abrasive grain is adhered. A tool substrate may be selected from various rigid tool pre-forms and flexible backings. Substrates that are rigid tool pre-forms preferably have a geometric shape having one axis of rotational symmetry. The geometric shape may be simple or it may be complex, it in that it may include of a variety of geometric shapes assembled along the axis of rotation. In these categories of abrasive tools, preferred geometric shapes or forms of the rigid tool pre-forms include disk, rim, ring, cylinder and frustoconical shapes, together with combinations of these shapes. These rigid tool pre-forms may be constructed from steel, aluminum, tungsten or other metals, and metal alloys and composites of these materials with, e.g., ceramic or polymeric materials, and other materials having sufficient dimensional stability for use in constructing abrasive tools.
Flexible backing substrates include films, foils, fabrics, non-woven sheets, webs, screens, perforated sheets, and laminates, and combinations thereof, together with any other types of backings known in the art of making abrasive tools. The flexible backings may be in the form of belts, discs, sheets, pads, rolls, ribbons or other shapes, such as are used, e.g., for coated abrasive (sand paper) tools. These flexible backings may be constructed from flexible paper, polymeric or metallic sheets, foils or laminates.
Abrasive grain arrays may be adhered to the tool substrate by a variety of abrasive bonding materials, such as are known in the manufacture of bonded or coated abrasive tools. Preferred abrasive bonding materials include adhesive materials, brazing materials, electroplating materials, electromagnetic materials, electrostatic materials, vitrified materials, metal powder bond materials, polymeric materials and resin materials, and combinations thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the non-contiguous point array may be applied or imprinted onto the tool substrate such that abrasive grains are bonded directly onto the substrate. Direct transfer of the array onto the substrate may be carried out by placing an array of adhesive droplets or metallic braze paste droplets on the substrate and then centering an abrasive grain on each droplet. In an alternative technique, a robotic arm may be used to pick an array of abrasive grains, with a single grain held at each point of the array, and the robotic arm then may place the array of grains on a tool surface that has been pre-coated with a surface layer of adhesive or metallic braze paste. The adhesive or metallic brazed paste temporarily fixes in the location of the abrasive grains until the assembly has been further processed to permanently fix the center of each abrasive grain to each point of the array.
Suitable adhesives for this purpose include, e.g., epoxy, polyurethane, polyimide, and acrylate compositions and modifications and combinations thereof. Preferred adhesives have non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) properties to allow sufficient flow during placement of droplets or coatings, yet inhibit flow so as to maintain precision in the location of the abrasive grain array. Adhesive open time characteristics may be selected to match the timing of the remaining manufacturing steps. Rapidly curing adhesives (e.g., with a UV radiation cure) are preferred for most manufacturing operations.
In a preferred embodiment, Microdrop� equipment available from Microdrop GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany, may be used to deposit an array of adhesive droplets onto the surface of the tool substrate.
The surface of the tool substrate may be indented or scored to aid in direct placement of the abrasive grain onto the points of the array.
In an alternative to direct placement of the array onto the tool substrate, the array may be transferred or imprinted onto a template, and abrasive grains adhered to the array of points on the template. The grains may be adhered to the template by permanent or by temporary means. The template functions either as a holder for grains oriented on the array or as a means for the permanent orientation of the grains in the final abrasive tool assembly.
In a preferred method, the template is inscribed with an array of indentations or perforations corresponding to the desired array, and abrasive grains are temporarily affixed to the template by means of a temporary adhesive or by application of a vacuum or by an electromagnetic force, or by electrostatic force, or by other means, or by a combination or a series of means. The abrasive grain array may be dislodged from the template onto the surface of the tool substrate and the template then removed, while insuring the grains remain centered at selected points of the array such that the desired pattern of grain is created on the substrate.
In a second embodiment, a desired array of points of positioning adhesive (e.g., a water soluble adhesive) may be created on a template (by means of a mask or by an array of microdrops) and then an abrasive grain may be centered on each point of the positioning adhesive. The template is then placed on a tool substrate coated with a bonding material (e.g., a water insoluble adhesive) and the grain is released from the template. In the case of a template made of an organic material, the assembly may be thermally treated (e.g., at 700-950� C.) to braze or sinter the metal bond used to adhere grains to the substrate, whereby the template and positioning adhesive is removed by thermal degradation.
In another preferred embodiment, the array of grains being adhered to the template may be pressed against the template to uniformly align the array of grain according to height, and then the array may be bonded to the tool substrate such that the tips of the bonded grains are a substantially uniform height from the tool substrate. Suitable techniques for carrying out this process are known in the art and described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. A-6,159,087, A-6,159,286 and 6,368,198 B1, the contents of which are incorporated by reference.
In an alternative embodiment, abrasive grains are permanently affixed to the template and the grain/template assembly is mounted onto the tool substrate with an adhesive bond, braze bond, electroplated bond or by other means. Suitable techniques for carrying out this process are known in the art and disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. A-4,925,457, A-5,131,924, A-5,817,204, A-5,980,678, A-6,159,286, 6,286,498 B1 and 6,368,198 B1, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Other suitable techniques for assembling abrasive tools made with the self-avoiding abrasive grain arrays of the invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. A-5,380,390 and A-5,620,489, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Techniques described above for making abrasive tools incorporating non-contiguous abrasive grains arranged in controlled, random spatial arrays may be employed in the manufacture of many categories of abrasive tools. Among these tools are dressing or conditioning tools for CMP pads, tools for back grinding electronic components, grinding and polishing tools for ophthalmic processes such as finishing lens surfaces and edges, rotary dressers and blade dressers for refurbishing the working face of grinding wheels, abrasive milling tools, complex geometry superabrasive tools (e.g., electroplated CBN grain wheels for high speed creep feed grinding), grinding tools for rough grinding of "short chipping" materials, such as Si3N4, having a tendency to generate fine, easily packed, waste particles that clog grinding tools and grinding tools used to finish "long chipping" materials, such as titanium, Inconel alloys, high tensile steel, brass and copper, having a tendency to form gummy chips that smear the face of the grinding tool.
Such tools may be made with any abrasive grain known in the art, including for example, diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), boron suboxide, various alumina grains, such as fused alumina, sintered alumina, seeded or unseeded sintered sol gel alumina, with or without added modifiers, alumina-zirconia grain, oxy-nitride alumina grains, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide and modifications and combinations thereof.
As used herein, "abrasive grain" refers to single abrasive grits, cutting points, and composites comprising a plurality of abrasive grits, and combinations thereof. Any bond used in making abrasive tools may be employed to bond the array of abrasive grain to the tool substrate or template. For example, suitable metal bonds include bronze, nickel, tungsten, cobalt, iron, copper, silver and alloys and combinations thereof. Metal bonds may be in the form of a braze, electroplated layer, a sintered metal powder compact or matrix, a solder, or a combination thereof, together with optional additives such as a secondary infiltrant, hard filler particles and other additives to enhance manufacturing or performance. Suitable resin or organic bonds include epoxy, phenol, polyimide and other materials, and combinations of materials used in the art of bonded and coated abrasive grains to make abrasive tools. Vitrified bond materials, such as glass precursor mixtures, powdered glass frits, ceramic powders and combinations thereof, may be used in combination with an adhesive binder material. This mixture may be applied as a coating on a tool substrate or printed as a matrix of droplets on the substrate, e.g., in the manner described in JP 99201524, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
A CMP pad conditioning tool with self avoiding abrasive grain placement is fabricated by first coating a disk shaped steel substrate (4 inch diameter round plate; 0.3 in thick) with a braze paste. The braze paste contains a brazing filler metal alloy powder (LM Nicrobraz�, obtained from Wall Colmonoy Corporation) and a water-based, fugitive organic binder (Vitta Braze-Gel binder, obtained from Vitta Corporation) consisting of 85% by weight binder and 15% by weight of tripropylene glycol. The braze paste contains 30% by volume binder and 70% by volume metal powder. Braze paste is coated on the disk to a uniform thickness of 0.008 inch, by means of a doctor blade.
Diamond abrasive grain (100/200 mesh, FEPA size D151, MBG 660 diamond obtained from GE Corporation, Worthington, Ohio) is screened to an average diameter of 151/139 microns. A vacuum is applied to a pickup arm equipped with a 4 inch, disk-shaped steel template bearing the self-avoiding array pattern illustrated in
A diamond wheel (type 1A1 wheel; 100 mm diameter, 20 mm thick with a 25 mm bore) for ophthalmic rough grinding operations having a pseudo-random distribution of a single layer of diamond abrasive grains according to the self-avoiding array pattern illustrated in
Method A:
Using the imprint of the abrasives grain array of
The core is mounted onto a stainless steel shaft and electrically contacted. After cathodic degreasing, the assembly is immersed in an electrolyte plating bath (a Watt's electrolyte containing nickel sulphate). A metal layer is electrolytically deposited to an average thickness of 10-15% of the attached abrasive grain diameter. The assembly is then removed from the tank and, in a second electroplating step, an overall nickel deposit thickness of 50-60% of the average grain size is applied. The assembly is rinsed, and the plated tool with a single layer of pseudo-random distribution of abrasive grain is removed from the stainless steel shaft.
Method B:
The values of the set of co-ordinates illustrated in
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
The Would We Fit Together Test
Tests others are taking
Easyyymaccc17 / f / Straight
you should message me if....(: for females only please:)
MavenMavis31 / f / Straight
The Canadian Slang Proficiency Test
HelloHarlequin24 / f / Gay
MissiPomegranate25 / f / Straight
MattB499124 / m / Straight
Connect your existing OkCupid account
Sign in
Welcome Back!
Restore your account to continue
meeting new people.
Reset your password
We'll email you a link to reset it.
Email sent!
An email is on its way to .
If you don't see it, try checking
your Spam folder.


text:
Coopers Parks Session | Throne Scooters| BC CanadaJanuary 23, 2015
How many places can we go? Everywhere! Scootering is growing beyond the limits anyone could have expected. We at Throne Scooters were able to hop over the border to British Columbia Canada to check out Coopers Park. Its a great environment for anyone to come and enjoy. A beautiful view of the BC and a safe spot to ride street. Thanks to the locals who come and had a great day with us. Jayden Haskin's continues to shock the masses with his amazing riding and tech skills. Ian Herncjar is going to be one of the world's best, he can ride anything and land it with impeccable style. Homie who took it away on the rail was our friend Sam Larden; 5050 on the up rail had everyone stoked. Great times!


text:
Sussex Sharks NatWest T20 Blast match day experience video
A young player's dream. A professional's opportunity. Believe In The Dream and join Sussex Sharks in the hunt for the NatWest T20 Blast this season. Buy your tickets now and use the hashtag #SharksTogether
Latest News
WOMENS: Sussex win for first time against Warwickshire27-May-2015
The Sussex Women completed their first win this season against Warwickshire at East Grinstead CC on Sunday, gaining maximum bowling and batting po..read more »
SECOND ELEVEN: Sussex beaten by Kent at Horsham27-May-2015
Sussex's Second Eleven were beaten twice by Kent on Tuesday in their two T20 matches at Horsham CC. In the first game of the day, Sussex..read more »


text:
NASA's Space Shuttle Returns to Earth After Hubble Mission
"This mission highlights what the challenges of spaceflight can bring out in human beings," said
"This is not the end of the story but the beginning of another chapter of discovery by Hubble," said
Weather concerns prevented the crew from returning to NASA's
The STS-125 mission was the 126th shuttle flight, the 30th for
Hubble has enabled a number of ground-breaking discoveries during its time in orbit. They include determining the age of the universe to be 13.7 billion years; finding that virtually all major galaxies have black holes at their center; discovering that the process of planetary formation is relatively common; detecting the first-ever organic molecule in the atmosphere of a planet orbiting another star; and providing evidence the expansion of the universe is accelerating because of an unknown force that makes up approximately 72 percent of the matter-energy content in the universe.
For information about NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, visit:
For more about the STS-125 mission and the upcoming STS-127 flight, visit: