text:
The technique of terrorism.
We are living in a radically new age of global terrorism, and we must seek significantly new ways of comprehending its nature and ramifications. In an effort to overcome some of the traditional obstacles to defining and understanding terrorism in terms of its aims and motives, the author proposes a means-based conception that allows for a more comprehensive, holistic approach to the terrorist phenomenon. The term "technique" is used to denote the vast array of means, methods, weapons, and strategies commonly employed by contemporary terrorists, as well as to define the unique nature of the global terrorist presence. In this regard, the author argues that today's terrorism is best understood by the techniques it employs, rather than the goals it pursues, or the specific political context in which it operates. To further clarify the concept of the technique of terrorism, the author advances three interconnected propositions that characterize and define the terrorist phenomenon today: first, the technique of terrorism implies the totality of means employed or advocated by an individual, group, or organization in furtherance of express or implied political, ideological, social, cultural, economic, or religious objectives; second, the technique of terrorism incorporates the planned, calculated, and systematic acts or threats of violence that generally typify the modes of operation and selection of victims by terrorist groups; and third, the technique of terrorism involves the unique application of psychological and sociological instruments of propaganda with the intent to generate fear, anxiety, intimidation, and demoralization in a wider social audience, as well as to mobilize and indoctrinate its followers.
The Technique Of Terrorism
We are living in a radically new age of global terrorism, and we must seek substantially new ways of comprehending its nature, means, and manifestations. (1) When we speak of terrorism today, we are no longer dealing with the historically and relatively discrete, small-scale, sporadic, and marginalized individuals or groups that employed weapons of limited scope and consequence. The latter is what Walter Laqueur has referred to as "nuisance terrorism" in his discussion of The New Terrorism. (2) Today, neither historical precedent nor political prescription can guide us through our global struggle with terrorism. Today, we must ponder the implications of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear--as well as cyberterrorism, narcoterrorism, and transnational groups and networks using increasingly powerful and sophisticated means and methods of mass communication, information, and propaganda. Today, we must weigh the causes and consequences of frequent, horrific, and unpredictable terrorist events, such as hijackings, kidnappings, suicide bombings, 9/11, the recent bombing attacks in Madrid and London, and the continuous violence and mayhem in Iraq and elsewhere in the world. Today, we must confront the increasing lethality, destructiveness, lawlessness, and fanaticism displayed by contemporary terrorist organizations, whose means and methods collectively surpass anything we have witnessed historically. Likewise, we must carefully consider the possibility that many acts of terrorism emerge from the "clash of civilizations" that Samuel Huntington so eloquently outlined in the mid-1990s. (3) Indeed, we need to understand the nature and scope of this "clash"--especially in the present conflicts between the West and Islamist fundamentalism--because these conflicts have produced the most serious and substantial confrontations and threats to world peace at this time. In sum, any definition of terrorism that does not take all of these matters into consideration is destined to mislead and misinform its audience, among other serious consequences. We live in a unique historical context, and our comprehension of this fact must constitute the first major step we take towards understanding the prevalence and originality of contemporary terrorism.
There is, however, an additional concern related to our understanding and analysis of contemporary terrorism. And this concern has to do with the entire process by which we conceptualize and define it. Defining what we mean by "terrorism" in a clear, comprehensive, and generally acceptable manner has proved to be a persistently problematic task. (4) In fact, there are literally hundreds of definitions of terrorism from a wide variety of sources--e.g., academics, politicians, government agencies, security experts, journalists, and militants--yet none has been able to capture the essence of the phenomenon to the general satisfaction of most. I agree fundamentally with Jessica Stern's observation that defining terrorism is much more than an academic exercise: "The definition inevitably determines the kind of data we collect and analyze, which in turn influences our understanding of trends and our prediction about the future ... How we define it profoundly influences how we respond to it." (5) One thing is certain: We can no longer indulge the conventional illusion that "one person's terrorist is another's freedom fighter." (6) This kind of moral relativism clouds our thinking and presents an imposing obstacle to understanding and defining the realities and threats of modern terrorism. If an individual or group resorts to terrorist means, then he or it cannot legitimately avoid either the terrorist label or its consequences. A terrorist is one who employs terrorist means, for whatever stated or unstated purpose!
Perhaps a single, unified definition is neither desirable nor achievable, but that is not the essential issue in this context. The real obstacle lies in the fact that many analysts focus almost entirely on the ends or goals of terrorism and attempt to grapple with the political, legal, moral, and normative implications of terrorist beliefs and behavior, while others get bogged down in attempting to sort out the multitude of subjective aims and ideologies that typify particular terrorist groups or movements. The end result of these approaches is that they are too often politically biased and value-laden, leading to the wide variety of sometimes confusing and inconsistent individual definitions. This leads in turn to the practical impossibility of reaching general agreement about the nature, extent, or characteristics of terrorism as a whole. What we have now, therefore, is a multitude of definitions that reveal as much about the analysts as they do about the terrorist phenomenon itself. Symptomatically, Alex Schmid and associates initially surveyed a number of leading academic experts almost two decades ago in order to identify and isolate the most salient elements of terrorism in the experts' definitions. (7) Schmid's findings revealed a wide selection of elements that were based on their statistical recurrence in the survey data: i.e., violence, force (83.5%); political factors (65%); fear, emphasis on terror (51%); threat (47%); psychological effects and anticipated reactions (41.5%); discrepancy between targets and victims (37.5%); intentional, planned, systematic, organized action (32%); methods of combat, strategy, tactics (30.5%); publicity aspects (21.5%); and criminal intent (6%). Although the weight given to some of those elements may have changed somewhat since the events of 9/11, Schmid's findings are still representative of a rather vague "consensus" among some of the experts about which factors they consider to be most relevant to the study and definition of terrorism today.
Bruce Hoffman, a well-known expert on terrorist matters, reviewed many of the same definitional issues ten years later in his work, Inside Terrorism. (8) Hoffman attributed many of the deficiencies in definition to the tendency towards "equivocation" by many authors, which he believed had led to the fact that "there is no one widely accepted or agreed definition for terrorism." (9) I concur generally with Hoffman's overall assessment but find that he offers a rather weak alternative to the issue of equivocation when he proposes to define terrorism as "the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change." (10) Hoffman's emphasis on the elements of fear and violence is perfectly legitimate and consistent with other experts, but his analysis is incomplete, and his mention of the "pursuit of political change" leaves much to the imagination, as do virtually all definitions that focus on the purely political or ideological goals of terrorism.
The Technique of Terrorism
In order to address further the definitional issues I have raised so far, I propose something more than the addition of another idiosyncratic definition to those that have already been amassed. As stated above, I believe that contemporary terrorism must be understood in a broader social context than has previously been the case. It must be understood as a significant sociological reality that reflects most of the basic features of the technological societies and civilization in which we live. (11) In fact, one could convincingly argue that the cumulative effects of technology are among the major causes of terrorism today. (12) Because the world of technique and technology is characterized by the predominance of technical means over subjective, hypothetical, theoretical, or moralistic ends, we must recognize that terrorism itself is a matter of means: i.e., a vast but interconnected system of ideas, methods, weapons, tactics, and strategies that must be understood as an inseparable whole. Indeed, it is my contention that terrorism is a technique in the sense that it is an effective means to a stated or implied objective, just like any other vehicle for achieving any goal whatsoever. Although my contention is somewhat unorthodox, I believe that it captures the sociological essence of terrorism in a manner that is more complete and comprehensive than other, more traditional approaches. It also allows us to focus upon what I would argue is the determining factor in contemporary terrorist operations: i.e., the search for the most efficient and effective technical means to accomplish their proposed objectives. To clarify my conception of the technique of terrorism I will concentrate on the following three interrelated propositions that I will use sequentially to define and delineate the terrorist phenomenon.
Proposition 1: The technique of terrorism is defined by the totality of means employed or advocated by an individual, group, or organization in furtherance of express or implied political, ideological, social, cultural, economic, or religious objectives.
Contrary to what some specialists assert, modern terrorism is a direct by-product of the technological civilization and technical processes that characterize our world. Just as technological development has become an increasingly powerful and determining aspect of modern advancements in virtually every field of human endeavor, so it has triggered a virtually simultaneous rise in the violence, destructiveness, weaponry, and organization of terrorism throughout the world. (13) Technology and terrorism are inextricably linked together in a complex system of means, methods, ideas, strategies, weapons, and organizations--the whole of which is substantially greater than the sum of its parts. It is precisely in this sense that I use the term technique of terrorism to characterize modern terrorism. As stated earlier, terrorism is a means to an end--i.e., a technique that is used by terrorists to achieve a calculated objective by applying a variety of deliberately violent means and methods to that specific goal. Nevertheless, as is often the case in our technological civilization, the technical means employed tend to overpower and transform the ends pursued, which is invariably what occurs when terrorists use violence to achieve their objectives. In his impressive analysis of the Techniques du terrorisme, Jean-Luc Marret demonstrates extensively, for example, the interconnections between the technological developments in modern weaponry, such as bomb making, and the ever expansive technologies of terrorism. (14) Marret argues convincingly that terrorist methods expand by a process of "contagion," during which innovations are introduced, successful actions copied, and refinements made--all of which influence a variety of terrorist groups and movements almost simultaneously. Thus, the innovations in terrorism follow the same exponential pattern of technological development and diffusion that we witness generally. In other words, to the extent that terrorism forms an inseparable whole, it is characterized by the same technological imperatives that propel and animate the larger technological civilization. This is not, however, an entirely "mechanical" process in which the ends pursued are always realized to technical perfection. Terrorism is not a "science" that produces altogether predictable results; imprecise execution, amateurism, and clumsiness, for example, can definitely alter outcomes, as has been the case in many terrorist plans and aspirations (Note, for example, the brief terrorist career of shoe bomber Richard Reid). Nonetheless, it is important to understand that terrorists are engaged in a continuous process of searching for the best and most efficient way to accomplish their aims, and that this process of searching is actually what animates and defines the technique of terrorism. The important thing to remember with terrorism is the fact that it is the totality of means terrorists employ or advocate that defines them, not their express or implied intentions, ideology, or ultimate motives or mistakes. This point is amply illustrated in the following three characteristics we find in terrorism today.
First of all, terrorists may be classified as individuals acting on their own--such as the Unabomber Ted Kaczynski or Carlos "The Jackal"--or acting in concert, such as Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. They can form relatively small groups, such as the Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines, or complex organizations or networks, such as Hamas, Hezbollah, or al-Qaeda. Regardless of size, each terrorist configuration has its own "signature" or modus operandi, which in fact further underlines the centrality and commonality of technique in its operations. The weapons or tactics it utilizes generally become its defining characteristic, such as hijackings (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, al-Qaeda), kidnappings for ransom (Abu Sayyaf, al-Qaeda), "kneecapping" (IRA, Italy's Red Brigades), and suicide bombings (Tamil Tigers, Hamas, Hezbollah, Iraqi insurgents, al-Qaeda). Furthermore, the arsenal of weapons available to contemporary terrorists is limited only by financial resources, technological feasibility, and technical imagination. The steadily increasing lethality of terrorist weaponry is a function of both the exponential proliferation of weapons technology among terrorist groups worldwide, and the development of a sophisticated class of terrorist technicians, such as the al-Qaeda tactician Kalid Sheik Muhammed, or the infamous bomber Ramsey Youssef. (15) Indeed, the "technicians of terror" deserve far more scrutiny and study than they have received to date!
Second, the "new terrorism" is different from previous types of terrorism because it is characterized by often vaguely formulated political objectives, indiscriminant violent attacks, attempts to achieve maximum psychological and social disorder, and the potential to use weapons of mass destruction. The Aum Shinrikyo millenarian cult in Japan is a curious example of this new trend. In 1995, members of the cult placed packages containing Sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway system, killing more than a dozen victims and injuring about five thousand. Under Shoko Asahara, the cult's leader, the goal was to seize control of Japan, and then the world, as part of the projected coming of Armageddon. Although the cult accumulated an impressive arsenal of weapons of potential mass destruction, it ultimately failed because of poor technical execution of its terrorist plans. (16) Even though the 1995 attack ended in failure, it was a first attempt to use and justify WMD as part of an overall terrorist strategy. Moreover, Asahara attracted literally thousands of adherents in several different countries to his secular-religious movement--a perfect illustration of how beliefs can become instruments of terror.
Third, many features of the "new terrorism" have become an integral part of the signature operations of al-Qaeda in particular. (17) The fact that al-Qaeda has developed the techniques of terrorism to such an advanced stage qualifies it as the quintessential contemporary terrorist organization. Peter Bergen, for example, carefully demonstrates how Usama bin Laden has effectively operated as a "terrorist CEO" and "venture capitalist," while adroitly merging modern organizational and managerial techniques with the ideology of the "clash of civilizations," Islamist piety, and the concept of jihad, or "holy war." (18) In many regards, bin Laden and al-Qaeda are prime reflections of the contradictions of our times--promoting jihad against the "Crusaders," the "Great Satan," "modernity," "globalization," and "the West," while simultaneously utilizing every material and self-serving component of the technological civilization that they otherwise claim to despise and reject absolutely! It remains to be seen how long this flagrant contradiction can be effectively maintained as a technique of al-Qaeda's terrorist strategy. On the other hand, it is perhaps the surest sign we have that bin Laden's cynical manipulation of Islam will ultimately fail in the face of technological modernization and globalization, which will determine, inexorably, the ultimate path of modern history. Since bin Laden's brand of terrorism has no finality--with the sole exception of self annihilation--the remaining question may only be the price we will have to pay until it inevitably consumes itself!
Proposition 2: The technique of terrorism incorporates the planned, calculated, and systematic acts or threats of violence that generally typify the modes of operation and selection of victims of terrorist groups.
The history of terrorism correlates strongly with those parts of the human historical experience where violence has been perceived as a morally justifiable means to a projected end. Thus, the violent tactics and tools of terrorism have tended to mirror the general historical development of weaponry and warfare--from the ancient swords and daggers, through the invention of firearms, the guillotine, and dynamite, down to the contemporary age of deadly explosive devices and weapons of mass destruction. The twentieth century has generated more violence, death, and destruction than any previous era of human history, and modern terrorism has tended to emulate those traits uniquely. Because of its sheer lethality, destructiveness, and high public visibility, terrorism has become, with few exceptions, the exclusive method of choice in most modern attempts to bring about political and social change. Both left-wing ideologues and right-wing extremists have resorted to terrorism in impressive numbers, and currently, we see groups and individuals of every persuasion joining the ranks of various secular-religious movements that have become appreciably more dangerous and violent as time goes by.
Terrorist violence has many dimensions, but what makes it particularly dangerous today revolves around three dominant characteristics. The first characteristic involves the fact that terrorism typically involves acts or threats of violence that indicate carefully planned, rationally calculated, and systematic behavior on the part of terrorist groups. For example, the hijackings and suicide attacks of 9/11 were without precedent in the annals of terrorism. The attacks were the end result of systematic, detailed, patient, and audacious planning, rarely seen in previous terrorist operations. Al-Qaeda's success demonstrated conclusively that there were no "rules" or "limits" governing terrorist actions, only utilitarian results. The "symbolic" value of 9/11 in terms of utter destructiveness, loss of life, and fear of future attacks, was sufficient justification and validation for bin Laden and his followers in their struggle against the "Great Satan." By boldly and violently attacking the United States, bin Laden and his supporters achieved several specific aims: first, they managed to mobilize and reinforce the profound adhesion of a wide cross-section of the Muslim and Arabic world through persistently anti-American propaganda, both before and after the events of 9/11. What had once been latent hostility and animosity in the relationship between segments of Islam and the West now became overt expressions of violent and aggressive emotions, supported by pan-Arabic propaganda. Thus, the United States specifically became the ideal scapegoat for radical Muslim militants in particular. A second aim revolves around the fact that terrorists were able to normalize acts of violence in the relations between Islam and the West--a profound propaganda effect that has since been used to legitimize countless terrorist attacks against "Western" interests throughout the world, especially in Iraq. Finally, the normalization of violence has led to a situation in which the mere suggestion or threat of violent terrorist actions is enough to cause fear and anxiety in a wider social audience. In the age of global mass communications, this effect occurs with unprecedented regularity, and the threat of violence alone is often an adequate substitute for its real-life application. Bin Laden seems to have understood and encouraged this effect in most of his threatening media communications since 9/11.
A second major characteristic of today's terrorism denotes the inevitable dialectic or cycle of violence that in turn engenders the highly predictable syndrome of terrorism/counterterrorism we have seen in recent years. For instance, in the aftermath of the attacks of 9/11, there was an extraordinary development of safety and security techniques and technologies, both within and outside the United States. This development led to the accelerated creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the passage of the Patriot Act, and numerous security, surveillance, and intelligence initiatives and protocols that are now part of the United States' counterterrorism measures and techniques. Inasmuch as these measures were taken in response to the necessities of the moment, however, they have sometimes generated serious legal and civil liberties controversies, which is perfectly consistent with the political intent and technique of organizations like al-Qaeda. Furthermore, democratic ideals and institutions are meant to be among the many casualties of modern terrorism. In this connection, I am reminded of a February 10, 2006, Associated Press news photo of a Muslim woman carrying a banner alleging that "Freedom of Expression is Western Terrorism!"
A third, and somewhat daunting, characteristic of contemporary terrorist violence is the formidable presence of the suicide bomber. The technique of suicide bombing has proliferated among contemporary terrorist groups through the same process of "contagion" identified earlier, to the point that suicide bombers have become one of the most recognizable and feared "weapons" in the terrorist arsenal. As David Brooks cogently points out, "Suicide bombing isn't just a tactic in a larger war; it overwhelms the political goals it is meant to serve. It creates its own logic and transforms the culture of those who employ it." (19) Suicide bombing is perhaps one of the ultimate expressions of the cycle and logic of violence that typifies Islamist terrorist groups in particular. Although not without historical precedent--e.g., the Japanese Kamikaze pilots in WWII--contemporary suicide bombing originated with groups such as Hezbollah and Hamas, and spread rapidly to other organizations, like al-Qaeda. Islamist bombers have not tended to be loners or entirely uneducated or alienated individuals. As Brooks observes, most are products of the "culture of martyrdom," in which tightly run terrorist organizations widely recruit, indoctrinate, train, and reward bombers for their "martyrdom." For organizations like al-Qaeda, suicide bombers fulfill a well-defined need, as their role in terrorism is notoriously inexpensive and effective, and they are less complicated and compromising to employ than other possible terrorist techniques. As Bruce Hoffman notes, the suicide terrorist is "the ultimate smart bomb." (20)
The technique of suicide bombing is fairly simple in that bombers often carry explosive devices strapped to their bodies, which they may detonate at will. Or they may use other means of delivery, such as cars, trucks, and other vehicles, as well as boats, bicycles, or aircraft. The impact of the bombings is immediate, and they produce considerable shock, intimidation and anxiety in a wider audience. We have seen this kind of effect in Israel's experience with terrorism, as well as in the insurgents' use of IEDs in Iraq. Most bombers are religiously inspired Muslims who have been trained and indoctrinated by Islamist ideologues and clerics to sacrifice their lives for the ultimate cause of Islam. In fact, martyrdom is given the highest priority by al-Qaeda in programming its followers for death. (21) As Walter Laqueur observes, "awaiting them in paradise are rivers of milk and honey, and beautiful young women. Those entering paradise are eventually reunited with their families and as martyrs stand in front of God as a new-born baby." (22) Thus, the positive value placed on this ultimate act of self-sacrifice helps explain why legions of young Muslims are more than willing to become martyrs in a self-perpetuating cycle of suicidal violence. As a technique of terrorism, suicide bombing epitomizes the variously attributed Chinese military adage: "Kill one, terrorize a thousand."
Proposition 3: The technique of terrorism involves the unique application of psychological and sociological instruments of propaganda with the intent to generate fear, anxiety, intimidation, and demoralization in a wider social audience, as well as to indoctrinate and mobilize its followers.
In order to fully understand and define modern terrorism, we must include perhaps the most important dimension of its impact on the contemporary world: its relationship to modern forms of propaganda. (23) There is a powerful symbiotic relationship between terrorism and propaganda that combines the material, spiritual, psychological, and sociological techniques necessary for the perpetuation of both. Terrorism must use propaganda in order to achieve any or all of its stated or implied objectives, and propaganda provides the necessary techniques for terrorism to be effective. In this context, I use the term propaganda broadly to imply the cluster of psychological and sociological techniques of persuasion and influence, combined with the techniques of organization discussed earlier, that are designed specifically to mobilize, integrate, and orient its followers toward terrorist actions. Terrorist propaganda is not about telling lies in order to make its adherents believe certain ideas. Rather, it is designed to bypass or overwhelm cognitive and intellectual processes in order to obtain a desired behavior or action from its followers, as in the earlier example of the suicide bomber and martyr. That is the essence of what is referred to as "propaganda by deed," which is the new reality of propaganda in the modern age. (24) To clarify my definition, we must examine three major aspects of this relationship: the instruments of propaganda themselves, the purposes they serve, and how they are used to mobilize followers.
First of all, modern terrorism is entirely dependent on our technological civilization, the mass means of communication, and global information systems to survive politically, publicize their purposes, and influence a wider social audience. As Ray Surette points out, terrorists have become increasingly media-wise as a consequence. (25) Various terrorist groups have recognized the power of the media to crystallize public opinion and to set the social agenda through extensive coverage and commentary--especially involving terrorist violence. Surette is correct in underlining the fact that "terrorism has become a form of mass entertainment and public theater and thus highly valuable to media organizations." (26) "Terrorism is theatre," as Brian Jenkins suggested many years ago. (27) And Martha Crenshaw made a similar observation when she stated, "The most basic reason for terrorism is to gain recognition or attention." (28)
Prime examples of the role of the media in the "new terrorism" emerged during the Middle-Eastern "skyjacking" incidents in the early 1970s. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) was very successful in gaining worldwide recognition and limited support for their cause as a result of a series of air piracy attacks on commercial airlines. Thus, terrorist actions of this type became influential media events and powerful instruments of propaganda. Another emblematic, widely publicized, and emotionally charged incident occurred during the hostage taking of Israeli athletes by the Palestinian "Black September" group during the Munich Olympics in 1972. Generally classified as propaganda-by-deed actions, these terrorist techniques soon became part of an identifiable process of imitation and contagion among terrorist groups, with many broad ramifications. For example, it is precisely in this context that we find the propagandistic struggle over control of the terminology of terrorism, especially in regard to the distinction between who will be labeled the "terrorist" and who will become the "freedom fighter." Control of media discourse on this matter is always crucial and remains contentious even today. As media outlets such as the Al-Jazeera network begin to play a more substantial political role in the conflicts between the West and the Islamic world, there will be, of necessity, an increasingly obvious propaganda war over issues such as the war in Iraq. More fundamentally, however, the "clash of civilizations" will be waged in "cyber-space," through the Internet and other multimedia technologies, with often unforeseeable consequences. In sum, the global means of communication and information have become major instruments of propaganda in our technological civilization--with decidedly ambivalent effects. On the one hand, as massive purveyors of information, the media are by nature attracted to the violent, spectacular, visual, and destructive aspects of terrorism, and they give generous attention and coverage to terrorist events, such as the now unforgettable images of 9/11. On the other hand, they sometimes unwittingly engender further violence, destruction, and terrorism by the very nature of their coverage and excessive emphasis on the explicit and graphic means and methods of terrorist groups. Propaganda feeds on information, and the more immediate, dramatic, and audiovisual the information, the more effective it is for propaganda purposes. Television is, of course, the present medium of choice for terrorists, because it prioritizes the dissemination of striking images on a global scale, encourages immediate visibility through satellite feeds and other technologies, and attracts huge audiences to its various formats. The Internet has also become an increasingly important and popular tool for terrorists for similar reasons. (29) Moreover, one can actually become either a "virtual" or actual terrorist today simply by consulting terrorist websites regularly, joining web-based terrorist groups or sympathizers, consulting training manuals and other published terrorist materials, or learning how to make terrorist explosives--all through the convenience and collaboration of the world-wide web!
A second major characteristic that is often mentioned in definitions of terrorism is the idea that the ultimate purpose and conscious intent of terrorism is to generate fear, anxiety, intimidation, and demoralization in a wider social audience. Obviously, according to most definitions, the purpose of terrorism is to terrorize! Boaz Ganor summarizes this perspective when he concludes that "terrorism is the intentional use of, or threat to use violence against civilians or against civilian targets, in order to attain political aims." (30) The strength of this definition lies in its emphasis on the intentional or threatened use of violence for political purposes. I have already discussed the indisputable use of violent means as a decisive aspect of all acts of terrorism; moreover, terrorist violence is often rationalized for political and ideological reasons. Nevertheless, I find Ganor's definition lacking in two areas. First, it does not address other potential forms of violence--such as spiritual, psychological, or intellectual--besides the purely political. The study of propaganda reveals numerous forms of violence that are often more fundamental to the manipulation of human behavior than political agitation. Second, the idea that terrorism is somehow reserved for "civilians" or "innocents" exclusively leaves out important effects of terrorist violence on both combatants and society in general. Terrorists do not neatly distinguish between military and non-military targets, especially when their attacks are directed against "symbolic" targets, such as those included in the 9/11 attacks. Thus,, on what basis did al-Qaeda actually discriminate between "civilian" targets in the WTC attacks, and "military" targets in the Pentagon attack, not to mention those "secondary" targets that were never attacked? Such a distinction was in fact immaterial to al-Qaeda's calculated plans to attack all major symbols of American power and presence in the world, and to kill as many Americans as possible in the process. Thus, the 9/11 attacks were undertaken primarily for their propaganda value and the additional social-psychological "collateral damage" the attacks were designed to provoke in American society. Since the attacks, bin Laden's role has been to try to create a quasi-permanent sense of anxiety, fear, intimidation, and demoralization in the United States and elsewhere. One way bin Laden attempts to accomplish this is through incessant verbal, visual, and allegorical threat techniques, such as those regarding the safety and security of American interests, the issuance of periodic proclamations and fatwas in videotapes and audiocassettes, and the deliberate cultivation of "mystery" about the nature of his leadership and geographic location. To a degree, bin Laden has been quite successful in his propaganda of intimidation throughout the Western world. Although he is no "mastermind" or "genius" of modern terrorism, bin Laden has learned how to cleverly combine previously developed techniques of propaganda into the structure, organization, and ideology of al-Qaeda. Indeed, of necessity, bin Laden has managed to forge a terrorist network that has transformed sectarian violence into an Islamist virtue.
Finally, al-Qaeda has become an effective model for the recruitment, training, indoctrination, and mobilization of contemporary terrorist organizations. Few experts have fully understood how effective al-Qaeda has been in indoctrinating and mobilizing followers for the purposes of "jihad." Bin Laden understood very well the political propaganda value of the defeat of the Soviets in Afghanistan in the 1980s. He also understood the sociological value of the "mujahideen" from Afghanistan in organizing the local leadership cadres for the cellular structure of the al-Qaeda network. Although he was not formally educated in the theology of Islam, bin Laden was able to grasp the secular-religious implications of the Islamic faith and transform it into a workable Islamist ideology. This secular-religious ideology became the necessary belief and behavior system around which al-Qaeda was organized and initially led by bin Laden and his closest associates. (31) Upon this foundation, bin Laden was able to attract large numbers of disaffected, educated, alienated, and illiterate Muslims from all walks of life by constant references to "Allah," and the insinuation that bin Laden is always carrying out Allah's divine wishes in his terrorist actions. (32) In addition, al-Qaeda intensely recruits and indoctrinates all followers into a sociological and psychological mold of absolute conformity to the secular-religious beliefs and values of the group. The culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the rewards to be reaped in the afterlife from waging jihad are integral parts of that same sociological and psychological mold. Most importantly, the ultimate purpose of this kind of propaganda is, again, not to change ideas or opinions, or to make adherents "believe" a certain set of preconceived ideas; most followers of Islam are already true believers in the precepts of their faith. Rather, the primary purpose is to obtain a behavior or an action at a desired moment--i.e., to create a kind of "orthopraxy" in which an individual is propelled through indoctrination to reflexive action for the sake of the cause. When fully understood, this form of propaganda can help us better understand the phenomenon of the suicide bomber who dispassionately carries out a suicidal mission, or the presence of followers of differing backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses in the ranks of suicide terrorists. Al-Qaeda has certainly understood the techniques of propaganda necessary to generate public anxiety about these kinds of attacks, as well as the mobilization techniques needed to ensure the constant supply of Muslims willing to become martyrs in the future. Interestingly, the most recent orgy of violence over the unfortunate cartoon depictions of the Prophet Muhammed should also provide pause for reflection about the propaganda effects mentioned above. Once certain reflexes are created, mythical beliefs are exploited, scapegoats are identified, and media attention is mobilized, there must be a "release," or "focus," toward which the militants can direct their pent-up, emotional rage. In this case, the release was not provided by a specific terrorist group, but spilled over into locally orchestrated and irrational rampages of indiscriminate, anti-Western violence based on a deliberately calculated release of the cartoon information to the Arabic media. This kind of effect was also seen recently in the month-long 2006 rioting in France and has become a frequent occurrence in many contemporary societies, including the United States, for diverse reasons. This is certainly one of the most troublesome sociological characteristics we must confront in correctly defining and comprehending contemporary terrorism, as the phenomenon itself becomes increasingly global and apparently limitless in nature.
From the outset, I have attempted to establish the need for a means-based approach to understanding and defining modern forms of terrorism. Because of the difficulties in defining terrorism along traditional lines, in which the emphasis upon the political, ideological, and other subjective motivations predominate, I proposed a more comprehensive, holistic conception based on my contention that terrorism is best understood as a technique, rooted in the very characteristics and means of the technological civilization that surrounds us. In order to develop my idea further, I set forth three interconnected propositions that collectively illustrate and define what I wished to imply by the technique of terrorism. In the context of the new, global forms of terrorism, I developed abundant examples and illustrations for my basic ideas and contentions. As a result, I am convinced that the facts of modern terrorism generally support my three propositions for defining the technique of terrorism.
First, it is obvious to me that looking at terrorism as the totality of means used by terrorist groupings to further their objectives is a much better way to understand terrorism than emphasizing the often confusing and sometimes misleading aims and ideologies set forth by terrorists themselves. To focus entirely on the justifications or motives of terrorists is to ignore the more fundamental and determining factor in all of their operations: the means they employ. Moreover, the most common and unavoidable instrument of terrorism is violence. Violence has common effects on anyone who uses it, and terrorists participate in a cycle of violence that has a certain logic and predictability in its effects and outcomes. The amount of terrorist violence we see today seems to be a function of both the widespread availability of conventional and non-conventional (WMD) weapons, and the pervasiveness of the mass means of communication and information. Both of these characteristics are products of our technological civilization, and both are crucial components of the dialectic of terrorism and counterterrorism we see on a regular basis.
Finally, the most intractable aspect of modern terrorism involves the relationship between terrorism and propaganda. The manipulation of modern societies by the mass media has led to the accelerated application of modern propaganda techniques on a global scale. As a consequence, terrorism has become a substantial and extremely dangerous presence in world affairs, and a constant source of fear and anxiety to those who are directly or indirectly victimized by its violence. In the specific case of al-Qaeda, we see a terrorist organization that provides a model to others, and that effectively uses modern propaganda techniques to recruit, indoctrinate, and animate masses of followers. Al-Qaeda's systematic and calculated use of psychological and sociological techniques of integration and indoctrination help explain the suicidal trends in Islamist terrorism, and the veritable "clash of civilizations" that has emerged in attempting to address and control aspects of contemporary terrorism. Only a focus on the techniques of terrorism will supply us with the necessary insight and information to both comprehend and combat terrorism in this day and age.
Bergen, Peter, Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (NY: Free Press, 2001).
Brooks, David, "The Culture of Martyrdom: How Suicide Bombing Became not Just a Means but an End," in Gus Martin, ed., The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pubs., 2004).
Combs, Cindy C,. Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century (NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003).
Cooper, H.H.A., "Terrorism: The Problem of Definition Revisited," American Behavioral Scientist, 44, no. 6 (2001).
Crenshaw, Martha, "The Causes of Terrorism," Comparative Politics, 13, (1981).
Ellul, Jacques, The Technological Society (NY: Alfred Knopf, 1964).
Ellul, Jacques, Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes (NY: Alfred Knopf, 1965).
Ganor, Boaz, "Defining Terrorism: Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter?" (Undated) http://www.ict.org.il/articles/researchdet.cfm?researchid= 4#proposal.
Gunaratna, Rohan, Inside Al-Qaeda: Global Network of Terror (NY: Berkley Books, 2002).
Hoffman, Bruce, "The Logic of Suicide Terrorism" The Atlantic Monthly, June 2003.
Hoffman, Bruce, Inside Terrorism (NY: Colombia University Press, 1998).
Hollenback, Jess, "Technology and the Transformation of Terrorism," in Akorlie A. Nyatepe-Coo and Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted, eds., Understanding Terrorism, 185-202
Howard Russell D., and Reid L. Sawyer, Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Understanding the New Security Environment (Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2006)
Huntington, Samuel, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (NY: Touchstone Books, 1996). Kegley, Charles W., Jr., ed., The New Global Terrorism (NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003).
Laqueur, Walter, The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction (NY: Oxford University Press, 1999).
Lesser, Ian O., and others, The New Terrorism (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1999).
Marret, Jean-Luc, Techniques du terrorisme (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2e edition, 2002).
Martin, Gus, ed., The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pubs., 2004).
Martin, Gus, Understanding Terrorism (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pubs., 2003).
Nyatepe-Coo Akorlie A., and Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted, eds., Understanding Terrorism: Threats in an Uncertain World (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004).
Schmid Alex P., and others, Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature (New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1988).
Stern, Jessica, The Ultimate Terrorists (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000).
Surette, Ray, Media, Crime, and Criminal Justice (Belmont. CA: West/Wadsworth, 1998).
(1) See, for example, Russell D. Howard and Reid L. Sawyer, Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Understanding the New Security Environment (Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2006); Charles W. Kegley, Jr., ed., The New Global Terrorism (NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003); Cindy C. Combs, Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century (NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003); Jessica Stern, The Ultimate Terrorists (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000); Ian O. Lesser, and others, The New Terrorism (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1999); Walter Laqueur, The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction (NY: Oxford University Press, 1999); Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (NY: Colombia University Press, 1998).
(2) Walter Laqueur, The New Terrorism, 3-4.
(3) Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (NY: Touchstone Books, 1996).
(4) For two interesting reflections on the definitions of terrorism, see H.H.A. Cooper, "Terrorism: The Problem of Definition Revisited," American Behavioral Scientist, 44, no. 6 (2001); and Boaz Ganor, "Defining Terrorism: Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter?" (undated) http://www.ict.org.il/articles/researchdet.cfm?researchid= 4#proposal.
(5) Jessica Stern, The Ultimate Terrorists, 12-13.
(6) H.H.A. Cooper addresses this issue convincingly in "Terrorism: The Problem of Definition Revisited."
(7) Alex P. Schmid and others, Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature (New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1988).
(8) Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (NY: Columbia University Press, 1998).
(9) Ibid., 37.
(10) Ibid., 43.
(11) My thinking on this matter is strongly influenced by Samuel Huntington's arguments in The Clash of Civilizations, but more fundamentally by Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society (NY: Alfred Knopf, 1964), and Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes (NY: Alfred Knopf, 1965).
(12) See, for example, the excellent contributions to Akorlie A. Nyatepe-Coo and Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted, eds., Understanding Terrorism: Threats in an Uncertain World (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004).
(13) See especially Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society, for a comprehensive discussion of the characteristics of technological development.
(14) Jean-Luc Marret, Techniques du terrorisme (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2e edition, 2002). This is the first book devoted entirely to this topic.
(15) See the insightful discussions of these matters in Gus Martin, Understanding Terrorism (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pubs., 2003); and Jean-Luc Marret, Techniques du terrorisme.
(16) See Gus Martin, Understanding Terrorism, 192.
(17) See, especially, Jean-Luc Marret, Techniques du terrorisme.
(18) Peter Bergen, Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (NY: Free Press, 2001).
(19) David Brooks, "The Culture of Martyrdom: How Suicide Bombing Became not Just a Means but an End," in Gus Martin, ed., The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pubs., 2004), 143.
(20) Bruce Hoffman, "The Logic of Suicide Terrorism" The Atlantic Monthly, June 2003.
(21) Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al-Qaeda: Global Network of Terror (NY: Berkley Books, 2002).
(22) Walter Laqueur, The New Terrorism, 100.
(23) Jacques Ellul's analysis of propaganda techniques in Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes is among the most insightful sources available on this topic.
(24) Ibid.
(25) Ray Surette, Media, Crime, and Criminal Justice (Belmont. CA: West/Wadsworth, 1998).
(26) Ibid., 149.
(27) Quoted in Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, 38.
(28) Martha Crenshaw, "The Causes of Terrorism," Comparative Politics, 13, (1981), 396.
(29) See, for example, Jean-Luc Marret, Techniques du terrorisme; and Jess Hollenback, "Technology and the Transformation of Terrorism," in Akorlie A. Nyatepe-Coo and Dorothy Zeisler-Vralsted, eds., Understanding Terrorism, 185-202.
(30) Boaz Ganor, "Defining Terrorism," 6.
(31) Cf. Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al-Qaeda; and Jean-Luc Marret, Techniques du terrorisme.
(32) Gunaratna, Inside Al-Qaeda, 117-118.
James S. Albritton, Associate Professor of Criminal Justice, Department of Political Science & Criminal Justice, North Georgia College & State University
Reader Opinion
|Printer friendly Cite/link Email Feedback
|Albritton, James S.
|Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table
|Article Type:
|Geographic Code:
|Sep 22, 2006
|Previous Article:
|Security, access, intellectual freedom: achieving balance in a global world.
|Next Article:
|Roger Williams: pioneer on America's journey towards religious liberty.


text:
The Car Company to Headline Two Races at Plymouth Speedway
Drivers if you would like to donate bikes for any of the above
dates we need a girl and a boy bicycle for each night. If interested
please contact Andrew or Justin and we thank you in advance from
the Playground of Power.
Attention all parents and kids! Plymouth Speedway will be having
a Playground Of Power Walmart Kids Club for the 2015. The kids club
will be over seen by Justin and Andrew Hayn. They have a lot of
great things planned for all the kids this season. More Information
will be coming soon. Thanks Walmart for being a great partner with Plymouth Speedway.
For more information check out Michiana Balloon Rides
on facebook www.michianaballoonrides.com
or contact Brian at (574)
For the latest updates plus event and schedule information,
go to www.WorldofOutlaws.com. Follow the World of Outlaws
on Twitter at www.Twitter.com/WorldofOutlaws and on Facebook
at http://www.Facebook.com/WorldofOutlaws.
Any 2014 pit slab renters who are interested in securing their
spot for the 2015 season should contact Jim
Bottorff at (574) 276-2141.
Pit slabs must be paid for on or before Saturday, January 24th to
secure a space. Rental fee for 2015 will be $150. You can pay for
them at the banquet. All slabs remaining will be rented after the
banquet on a first-come-first-serve basis.
Have a great holiday season!
Transponder Nightly Rental $5
Nitro Bee Receiver Purchase $110
Visa, MasterCard, and Discover are accepted
at the front gate or the pit gate
and may be used to purchase tires and fuel.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
PELICAN CTDKIT TDKIT UNIVERSAL MARINE TIE-DOWN KIT FOR PROGEAR(TM) COOLERSItem#: ODB-102315527 | Model#: XR6755
- List Price:
- $49.95
- Instant Savings:
- - $4.96 (10%)
- Price:
- $44.99
- Shipping:
- Usually Ships within 48 Hours (Details)
TDKIT UNIVERSAL MARINE TIE-DOWN KIT FOR Product Details
Manufactured by: PETRA INDUSTRIES
Warranty provided by: PETRA INDUSTRIES
Mfg Part No: XR6755
UPC No: 0825494048082
Box Size: ( Length:0, Width:0, Depth:0)
Shipping Weight: 0.9000 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Limited Warranty: A full text version of the limited warranty
may be obtained by mailing a self addressed, stamped envelope to the
address below and requesting the warranty for item number: ODB-102315527
Warranty Information
7795 W. Flagler St. Suite 35
Miami, FL. 33144
- PETRA INDUSTRIES logos are registered trademarks of PETRA INDUSTRIES. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


text:
> World
> Asia-Pacific
Remember me on this computer
Sign in
"Remember me" uses a cookie. View our Cookie Policy.
Last updated:
May 6, 2011 5:48 pm
By Farhan Bokhari in Islamabad, Shannon Bond in New York and Daniel Dombey in Washington
You have viewed your allowance of free articles. If you wish to view more, click the button below.
© The Financial Times Ltd 2015
FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.
Printed from: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d57a7b70-7742-11e0-aed6-00144feabdc0.html
Print a single copy of this article for personal use. Contact us if you wish to print more to
distribute to others.
© The Financial Times Ltd 2015 FT
and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.
Privacy policy |
Terms |


text:
Now the walls i build will be able to work as walls instead of failed defensive positions :P
0 A.D. is a free, open-source, cross-platform real-time strategy (RTS) game of ancient warfare. It's a historically-based war/economy game that allows players to relive or rewrite the history of twelve ancient civilizations, from Iberia to Mauryan India, each depicted at their peak of economic growth and military prowess. Developed using Pyrogenesis, a ground-breaking new game engine custom-built to suit this project, 0 A.D. will give players a rich and entertaining real-time gaming experience.
Now the walls i build will be able to work as walls instead of failed defensive positions :P
oh yea, finally
the game has not been complete without this!
very good work :)
reminds me of Age of Mythology/Empires. And i freakin love the games :3
YAY! Exactly what I was hoping for in 0 AD walls! :D
Brilliant! It is amazing how much 9 seconds can reveal!
Will be awesome if the wall grow up in stature when level up (if level up...)
The walls will not level up. There will be both palisades and stone walls however (palisades will be available from the start of the game and stone walls after you reach the Town Phase - think of it as the second "age" if you're familiar with other historical RTSs).
Exactly what I was hoping to see in the next update! Awesome work.
9 seconds of my life well spent.
amazing, i love the aoe feel :)
Finally! Looks great!
Thank you good sir
Have you gotten gates to work yet?
Gates will come after Alpha 10.
YAY!!! I swear this is insanely awesome.
9 seconds of sweetness.


text:
NBA: Spurs name Kiwi Marks assistant coach
More News from Agence France-Presse
SAN ANTONIO – Sean Marks, who became the first New Zealander to play in the NBA 1998, was named assistant coach of the San Antonio Spurs on Wednesday.
The 38-year-old from Auckland will work under head coach Gregg Popovich, the team announced on their website.
Marks joins a coaching staff that is already considered one of the best in the league and is formulating a plan to get back to the NBA finals this season. The Spurs lost in the league championship series in seven games last season to the Miami Heat.
Marks competed for New Zealand in two Olympics, in 2000 at Sydney and 2004 in Athens. He was a member of the New Zealand team that finished fourth at the 2002 FIBA World Championships.
An 11-year NBA veteran, Marks played for San Antonio from 2003-06 and was a part of the Spurs' 2005 NBA Championship team.
Get Inquirer updates while on the go, add us on these apps:
Disclaimer: The comments uploaded on this site do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of management and owner of INQUIRER.net. We reserve the right to exclude comments that we deem to be inconsistent with our editorial standards.
To subscribe to the Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper in the Philippines, call +63 2 896-6000 for Metro Manila and Metro Cebu or email your subscription request here.
Factual errors? Contact the Philippine Daily Inquirer's day desk. Believe this article violates journalistic ethics? Contact the Inquirer's Reader's Advocate. Or write The Readers' Advocate:
c/o Philippine Daily Inquirer Chino Roces Avenue corner Yague and Mascardo Streets, Makati City,Metro Manila, Philippines Or fax nos. +63 2 8974793 to 94


text:
Consequence - Best New Songs, Albums, & Features
Editor's Pick
Song: Tuck Your Release
Consequence is back! Not that he's really been gone, as he was last featured only five months ago with The Whole World, but nevertheless he's returned in connection with Yeezus and the G.O.O.D. Music squad and... More
Posted 2 months ago
Song: The Whole World
Did you attend Sunday School as a young'n? If the answer's "yes," you'll be able to sing along to Consequence and Mark Crozer's new joint promo single from bar one. Inspired by the WWE's... More
Posted 7 months ago
Song: You Should Bounce
When Consequence's latest feature starts blasting from your speakers, You Should Bounce. Not bounce as in "leave," but bounce as in "move along the vertical axis in rhythm with the beat." Not that you'll... More
Posted 8 months ago
Editor's Pick
Artist: The Audible Doctor
Featuring: Consequence
Song: No Future
The Audible Doctor may be a master of musical medicine, but there are some cases so dire even he can't save them. On single numero uno off his forthcoming EP, the Wisconsin-born beatsmith enlists Consequence to help him... More
Posted about 11 months ago
Song: Superman Lover
Consequence isn't faster than a speeding bullet or more powerful than a locomotive—and you definitely won't catch him rocking "a cape, tights and a mask." But put him in front of a microphone, or in the... More
Posted one year ago
Rap Remembers 9/11: Artists Share Their Stories
I'm not quite sure who first said it, but we've all heard the saying, "Time heals all wounds." Unfortunately, that notion doesn't always hold true. Twelve years ago today, more than 3,000 people were killed in the deadliest... More
Posted one year ago
Featuring: Chuuwee | Killer Mike
Song: Scared of Commitment
If there's one thing we can count on from Consequence, it's honesty. On his latest free offering Scared of Commitment, the second installment in his new ConsTV Tuesdays series, he's leveling with listeners.... More
Posted 2 years ago
Featuring: Estelle
Song: When I Woke Up
As just about any artist will tell you, the ways in which people f**k up are almost always more entertaining than what happens when they stick to the straight and narrow. And that goes double when the topic at hand is... More
Posted 2 years ago
How You Gon Be Broke in the Rap Game? If you're familiar with Nathan S.' "Your Favorite Rapper Is Poor" series over on RefinedHype, you know that the answer is "Really f**king easily." For the rest,... More
Posted 2 years ago
Editor's Pick
Featuring: John Legend
Song: Why Do I Even Go Home
Having someone to come home to (or "get up from your desk to," in my case) after a long day's work is one of the greatest feelings in the world… except for when it f**king sucks. Fresh off earning reader... More
Posted 2 years ago
Sample Text - Sample Link
DJBooth TV
Discover the best new songs, videos, and albums added to the Booth.


text:
Select Local Merchants
North Shore Pole FitnessRead MoreBoth coming from a background in classical dance, the instructors at North Shore Pole Fitness introduce both men and women to the unique challenges and physical benefits of pole fitness. After mastering the initial techniques, students learn to spin, climb, and invert from the vertical apparatus as if performing the aerial gymnastics. Classes also cover the discipline of pole dancing, which adds a more sensual spin to the workouts to help build confidence and express sexuality while receiving the same benefits of exercise.360 Merrimack St Bldg 9, Entrance I, 3rd FlLawrence, MA US
Bruciare PilatesRead MoreDeveloped by fitness experts and physical therapists, the Bruciare Pilates chair arrives at patrons' doors equipped to perform all the exercises in an accompanying instructional DVD. To see a demo of the Bruciare Pilates chair, visit here. Bruciare's patented spin seat integrates standard reformer-based exercises into its nontraditional design with long and short seat positions for better core support and superefficient spinning during high-stakes pi?ata tournaments. When incorporated into fitness routines, the seat focuses on lazy abdominal muscles to tighten up flabby cores. Attached resistance bands promise three levels of challenging upper-body workouts, and two springs within the chair vary exercise resistance from easy to challenging. The 40-minute instructional DVD guides owners through the proper use of the chair and plans of action should it become sentient, and a double-sided fitness chart offers quick reference to 15 exercises that tone and strengthen musculature.300 Brickstone SqAndover, MA US
Spincity Training StudioRead MoreSpinCity Training Studio's team of spin instructors and personal trainers joins forces with a registered dietitian and licensed massage therapist to provide clients with a comprehensive road map to wellness. Rather than offering run-of-the-mill spin classes, trainers customize programs to address each client's specific goals, which may include injury rehabilitation, sports training, weight loss, or muscle improvement. Prior to the workout, instructors manually adjust each cycle to the rider's unique posture to facilitate the best possible speed, comfort, and spinal rigidity during routines that take individual fitness levels into account. They then run students through a gamut of low-impact body conditioning performed to a motivating score of music and car horns. After classes, the studio's onsite dietitian can balance workouts with a three-day food analysis and a four-week nutrition program. The facility also lays claim to Cybex Arc Trainers, treadmills, and strength machines to round out exercise routines. An onsite locker room and shower facility sluice away post-workout perspiration, though patrons must dry off with towels brought from home.305 N Main StAndover, MA US
Fyfe TrainingRead MoreA bachelor's degree in exercise science. An associate's degree in health and fitness. An association with the National Academy of Sports Medicine. Dan Fyfe's résumé speaks for itself, and the fitness expert draws on his experience at Fyfe Training, his private fitness studio. Dan trains clients individually and in small groups, and he specializes in areas such as injury rehabilitation and strength conditioning. He also leads group classes such as X-Conditioning, a full-body workout that might incorporate elements of running, cycling, body-weight exercises, and smiling.47 High St East Mill Suite 102North Andover, MA US


text:
CHURUBUSCO — Brandi Herron and Rachel Fehring are not just close academically, they're best friends.
Herron is Churubusco Junior-Senior High School's Class of 2012 valedictorian. With a GPA of 11.745, Herron is the daughter of Margie and Randy Herron of Churubusco.
That's a difference of .005 percent from this year's salutatorian, Fehring, who has a GPA of 11.740. She is a daughter of John and Rhonda Fehring also of Churubusco.
The young women are best friends and they've been one and two nearly all of their academic years.
"We've always been close," said Herron. "Sometimes Rachel is ahead and other times I am."
"We are so similar," said Fehring. "It's so funny we even finish each other's sentences sometimes."
After graduation on June 8, Herron is going to study biology at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) to become an orthodontist.
Fehring plans to study biology at Grace College as a pre-med major. She is going to minor in Bible Studies.
Both plan to extend their high school extra-curricular activities in college. Herron plays the flute and will be in the concert band at IUPUI. Recently she was named to All-District Honor Band.
Fehring runs in cross country and track and will be on the team at Grace College.
Their similarities even took them to Hoosier's Girls State in 2011 at Indiana State University. Herron was voted Good Citizen, Star Girl and Pride City while there. The scholars attend the same Bible Camp each summer and both were in Whitley County's Distinguished Young Woman program. The two both take college courses at Indiana Purdue-Fort Wayne (IPFW).
Herron is the editor of "Tusitala", the CJSHS yearbook. She is Vice-President of the Student Council and she and Pope were the two students on the Smith-Green Community Schools Strategic Planning Committee.
Herron tutors children at the Churubusco Community Child Care Center where she also assists with field trips in the summer.
She is in the Key Club, National Honor Society and was on the Science Team of the Academic Super Bowl.
Fehring is the senior class president and also Student Council President. She's been part of the cross country and track teams all four years of high school and loves attending Campus Life.
She was recently named to the Northeast Corner Conference (NECC) Academic Team.
Fehring is in the National Honor Society, Spanish Club and is a member of the Wesleyan Church.
She loves volunteering at the Forklift at The Center on Monday afternoons.
Fehring would like to focus on creating a movement called "MAD" which stands for Make A Difference.
The teachers who influenced Herron the most were Robin Peterman, Jim Folland and Breann Brown.
Fehring said her most influential teachers are Julie Mast, Brown and Folland.
Both scholars said Folland took an entire class and talked about work ethic and that he teaches time management. They said they are both prepared for college because of him.
After they both walk the aisle at graduation, they plan to give joint speeches. Herron will speak about memories and Fehring will speak about the Class of 2012's future.
[1] http://www.thepostandmail.com/sites/default/files/chs val & sal 001.jpg


text:
Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union
|European Union
This article is part of a series on the
Policies and issues
The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union heads the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union. The current Secretary General is Uwe Corsepius, who entered office on 26 June 2011.
With the creation of the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy in 1999, it was decided the Secretary-General would occupy that post simultaneously. However with the Lisbon Treaty the post of High Representative was merged with the External Relations Commissioners and separated from the Secretary-General of the Council, and at the meeting of the European Council of 19 November 2009 Pierre de Boissieu was appointed as the new secretary-general.[1] On 26 June 2011, Uwe Corsepius took over from Pierre de Boissieu as the new secretary-general.[2] The Council appointed Uwe Corsepius on 22 December 2009 for the period from 26 June 2011 to 30 June 2015.[3]
As of 2010, the Secretary-General's basic pay is equal to that of a top-tier civil servant: €17,697.68 per month.[4][5]
- List of Secretaries-General
|Christian Calmes
|9 September 1952
|14 June 1973
|Nicolas Hommel
|1 July 1973
|7 October 1980
|Niels Ersbøll
|8 October 1980
|31 August 1994
|Jürgen Trumpf
|1 September 1994
|17 October 1999
|Javier Solana
|18 October 1999
|1 December 2009
|Pierre de Boissieu
|1 December 2009
|26 June 2011
|Uwe Corsepius
|26 June 2011
- ^ Informal meeting of EU heads of state or government, Brussels, 19 November 2009, Press release
- ^ New Council Secretary-General takes office, Brussels, 27 June 2011, Press release
- ^ COUNCIL DECISION appointing the Secretary-General of the Councilof the European Union for the period from 26 June 2011 to 30 June 2015, Brussels, 22 December 2009, Council Decision
- ^ Base salary of grade 16, third step is €17,697.68: European Commission: Officials' salaries - accessed 19 March 2010
- ^ COUNCIL DECISION of 1 December 2009 laying down the conditions of employment of the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union, EurLex
|This article about the European Union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
MLB will black out all Reds games because of my locale.
My question is; can my nephew in Texas purchase the package for me ?
MLB will black out all Reds games because of my locale.
My question is; can my nephew in Texas purchase the package for me ?
No, the program will check the location from your IP address and black you out.
"A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky, dangerous animals and you know it."
Can I stream radio?
Yes, the audio will be available to stream live, and the games will be able to be streamed approximately 90 minutes after completion.
You could always go the proxy route and try to trick the MLB app from detecting. I know my iPhone has a jailbreak app that will change my "location" to where I want it to be to let me see games if I want.
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


text:
North Korea moves two more missile launchers—report
SEOUL — North Korea has moved two more missile launchers to its east coast, where preparations are apparently under way for a missile test as tensions simmer on the peninsula, a report said Sunday.
Expectations had been high that Pyongyang would carry out a test to coincide with celebrations marking the birth of North Korea's late founding leader Kim Il-Sung on April 15 but it did not materialize.
The North Korean military last week moved two launchers believed to be for Scud missiles to the northeast province of South Hamgyong, Yonhap news agency said, citing a senior Seoul official.
"We have discovered the North has moved two additional TELs (transporter erector launchers) to the east coast… after April 16," the official was quoted as saying, adding Seoul and Washington were closely monitoring the site.
A spokesman for Seoul's defense ministry was not immediately available to confirm the report.
Previously, the North was reported to have moved seven missile launchers to its coast facing the East Sea (Sea of Japan) in apparent preparations for a test that would further escalate tensions.
Angered by fresh UN sanctions triggered by its third nuclear test in February and joint South Korea-US military exercises, the North has for weeks been issuing threats of missile strikes and nuclear war.
But despite the passing of the Kim Il-Sung anniversary, a Seoul defense ministry spokesman said Thursday that the possibility of a test involving shorter-range Scud, mid-range Musudan, or long-range Rodong missiles remained.
April 25 could be another possible date for a missile launch, the report said, quoting military officials in Seoul. That is the founding anniversary of the North's military.
The Musudan — seen as most likely to be tested — has an estimated range of 2,500 to 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles), enough to reach South Korea and Japan and potentially US military bases on the Pacific island of Guam.
US President Barack Obama has expressed doubt over the North's capabilities, saying last week he did not believe Pyongyang could yet arm a missile with a nuclear warhead.
Get Inquirer updates while on the go, add us on these apps:
Disclaimer: The comments uploaded on this site do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of management and owner of INQUIRER.net. We reserve the right to exclude comments that we deem to be inconsistent with our editorial standards.
To subscribe to the Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper in the Philippines, call +63 2 896-6000 for Metro Manila and Metro Cebu or email your subscription request here.
Factual errors? Contact the Philippine Daily Inquirer's day desk. Believe this article violates journalistic ethics? Contact the Inquirer's Reader's Advocate. Or write The Readers' Advocate:
c/o Philippine Daily Inquirer Chino Roces Avenue corner Yague and Mascardo Streets, Makati City,Metro Manila, Philippines Or fax nos. +63 2 8974793 to 94


text:
Type: Task
Status: Closed
Priority: Major
Resolution: Fixed
Affects Version/s: 1.1-beta-1, 1.1-beta-2
Fix Version/s: 1.1-beta-3
Component/s: None
Number of attachments :
Because maven 1.1 works only with a jdk >= 1.4 whereas maven 1.0 requires at least the jdk 1.3, we removed xerces from the distribution (the xml parser API implemented by crimson is available in the jdk)
The problem is that there's some bugs in crimson that are really annoying. Particularly there are a lot of issues with entities management.
To fix them we have to readd xerces in the distribution.
Issue Links
- is depended upon by
MAVEN-1756 Backward Incompability : Usage of xml entities in maven.xml doesn't work in maven 1.1 beta 1 & 2
We'll upgrade to xerces 2.6.2
The bootstrap (with tests for all plugins) was tested with the jdk 1.4.2 and the jdk 1.5
For the jdk 1.5 I needed to change the permSize : -XX:MaxPermSize=128m
xmlParserAPIs is deprecated.
From: Michael Glavassevich :
xmlParserAPIs.jar hasn't existed since Xerces-J 2.6.2. The jar which is
now distributed with Xerces is called xml-apis.jar and originates from the
xml-commons [1] project. Xerces-J 2.8.0 bundled xml-commons external
1.3.03 [2] which can be found here [3] on ibiblio.
[1] http://xml.apache.org/commons/
[2] http://svn.apache.org/viewcvs.cgi/xml/commons/tags/xml-commons-external-1_3_03/java/external/
[3] http://www.ibiblio.org/maven2/xml-apis/xml-apis/1.3.03/
Xerces-J 2.8.0 also depends on the xml-commons resolver 1.1 [1]. It has
been a dependency since Xerces-J 2.6.1.
[1] http://www.ibiblio.org/maven2/xml-resolver/xml-resolver/1.1/
I upgraded the core and the plugins to use :
- Xerces 2.8.0.
- xml-apis 1.3.03.
- xml-resolver 1.1.
It's tested with maven 1.1 beta 3 + jdk 1.4.2 & 1.5
More tests are needed with maven 1.0.2 + jdk 1.3 & 1.4 & 1.5
Thanks Arnaud for making this change and publishing the snapshots.
I am running your 4/30/06 M1.1-beta-3 snapshot, and it fixes a "SAXParser class not found" problem I had with trying to get QALab maven plugin to run. I also had to adjust a few of its dependencies (it was proven only on M1.0.2 according to Benoit, its author), but after that, nothing I did could get rid of that exception.
Our CI product builds and nightly site gen are pounding on your snapshots daily...
(Per Arnaud's email request: Can you tell us what you had to change to use this plugin with maven 1.1)
The dependecies changed to make it work were all parser related:
- Removed dependency on xercesImpl jar
- Added dependency on xerces 2.4.0 jar
- Upgraded Xalan dependency to 2.7.0 jar
Then the last problem was:
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org/apache/xerces/parsers/SAXParser
Upgrading to m1-b3-snapshot of 4/30/06 solved that one. I'm pretty sure I was using the snapshot just before 4/30/06 that did not work.
Done. A snapshot was deployed : http://people.apache.org/~aheritier/maven/1.X/snapshots/


text:
Check Your Symptoms
Find out what to do
See our inpatient guide for information about your stay with us. Click the image below to view an electronic copy for helpful information.
Mike was born with a heart problem known as a bicuspid aortic valve...
Use the form below to select organization criteria and click the Search button.
View upcoming classes and pre-Register for our Community Medical School
Find out how a clinical trial helped Barry Stone treat his arrhythmias.
Fax: 802-847-2001
For More Information:
Refer a Patient to UVM Medical Center
Please enter your search criteria below to find a healthcare provider.
he University of Vermont Medical Center has been rated as "high performing" in heart failure care in the U.S. News & World Report "Best Hospitals for Common Care" ratings.
The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBLCE) and the International Lactation Consultant Association (ILCA) recently notified the Center for Breastfeeding that they have received the IBCLC Care Award.
The Fourteenth Annual Rose Black Nursing Excellence Awards and the third annual Licensed Nursing Assistant Excellence Awards were recently presented to the University of Vermont Health Network-Central Vermont Medical Center.
Read how Courtney Billings was treated at The University of Vermont Medical Center for cystic fibrosis.
Eleanor was was admitted to the UVM Children's hospital at 13 months old for Type I Diabetes.
Victoria came to the UVM Children's hospital where doctors discovered that her intestines were twisted.
Amy Lumsden, RN, a case manager at The University of Vermont Medical Center has been chosen "Healthcare Champion of the Year" by The Center for Donation & Transplant (CDT) for her tireless support of organ and tissue donation in the hospital network and greater community.
Students at three Vermont colleges have recently committed to raising funds and awareness for The University of Vermont Children's Hospital. They planned for a 12 hour event called Dance Marathon on their respective college campuses, celebrating and dancing for all of the children cared for at UVM Children's Hospital.
The giving of a senior class gift is a philanthropic tradition at most colleges and universities, including The University of Vermont. This year, the Student Alumni Association at UVM has decided to change things up a bit: Instead of giving a bench or another physical gift, students have chosen five organizations to receive philanthropic donations.
Big Change Roundup for Kids, the largest fundraiser each year for the UVM Children's Hospital - and a joint project with 98.9 WOKO-FM - raised $307,913.31 to support specialized care for pediatric patients. With support from key sponsors, Maplefields, New England Federal Credit Union, Walmart and Pete's RV Center, along with many local businesses, community groups and hundreds of volunteers the annuals event surpassed last year's tally of $268,000.


text:
Willi Miller: Big music, dance performances on Vero Beach weekend calendar
It's a weekend for big performances in Vero Beach:
Subscribe to TCPalm
Ready to subscribe to TCPalm? Choose between a Premium or Digital subscription below.
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6180.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
Can Sharing the Communion Cup Spread the Flu?
February 6, 2013
The Catholic tradition of drinking wine from a shared cup for communion brings up the concern of spreading viruses, including the flu.
Topics: Religion Belief, Anglican Eucharistic theology, Christian theology, Christianity, flu, Hospitality Recreation, Sports, Anthropophagy, Communion, Eucharist, Ceremonies, Influenza A virus subtype H3N2, Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, Influenza, Virus, Methodism


text:
Bunny Bounce
Saturday, April 4, 2015, 9:30 a.m. to 3 p.m.
WhereWoodland Park Zoo
601 N. 59th St., Seattle
Hop, skip and jump to the 14th annual Bunny Bounce at Woodland Park Zoo. Fun includes egg hunts for kids, crafts, bunny encounters and egg-citing zoo programs throughout the day. The PCC TasteMobile will be on-site sampling PCC Kid Picks. All activities are free with zoo admission or membership.


text:
modularize in a sentence
Example sentences for modularize
It is a useful structure with a well-defined interface and hence is both likely to be reused and easy to modularize.
Modularize the individual pieces for maintainability.
Modularize the functions of data archiving, data retrieval, and data manipulation.
Explore Dictionary.com
Nearby Words


text:
Uncle Murda ft. Mariah Carey, 50 Cent & Young Jeezy - Warning (Remix)
Artist: Uncle Murda
Featuring: Mariah Carey, 50 Cent, Jeezy
Producer: Tuneheadz
Album: Warning
Avg Rating: 3.6 ( 13 votes )
Let it not be said that Uncle Murda is unmerciful. Though his previously-featured single and mixtape title track should have served as fair Warning for those thinking of f*cking with his grind, the Brooklyn street veteran's returned to clue in anyone who didn't take the hint by way of an official remix. Whereas the original found him delivering his hard-bitten bars all by his lonesome, the latter finds Murda joined on the mic by two equally street-certified spitters—and Mariah Carey. Over the Tuneheadz' reader-approved beat, a shining specimen of the almost-annoying-repeated-vocal-sample subgenre, G-Unit head honcho 50 Cent and Corporate Thug \ lend their voices to the headliner's chorus of paper-stacking tough-talk, the former showing off his "back to back Ferraris" in a high-rolling middle verse, and the latter giving haters and snitches the evil eye on the back. Mrs. Carey? She contributes a soft, tuneful hook that sounds as out of place as… well, Mariah Carey in a roomful of gangsters. Not that the juxtaposition isn't sorta dope in its own right. Fans can find the original version of Warning and much more on Uncle M's street album of the same title, which has yet to receive a drop date—keep it locked!
Uncle MurdaMariah Carey50 CentJeezy Street Banger
Written by richard on Nov 01, 2011
More from Uncle Murda
Submit your Rating
You Might Like...
Featured Video
Commentsblog comments powered by Disqus
DJBooth TV
Discover the best new songs, videos, and albums added to the Booth.


text:
Conducting Corporate Internal Investigations
Winston & Strawn's Kessler Sees Change and Opportunity in College Athletics
How Ed O'Bannon Just Disrupted College Athletics
Monitoring and Auditing Your Anti Corruption Compliance Program
FCPA Training: The Basics
Polsinelli Podcast - Keep the Government out of Your Transaction: Practical Antitrust Tips for Mergers
How to Avoid Corruption Risks in China
Health Care Antitrust & the Supreme Court – Interview with Bruce Sokler, Member, Mintz Levin
ITC: Protecting Intellectual Property in the US – Interview with Joe Hameline, Member, Mintz Levin
The Sunshine Act: Putting It into Practice – Interview with Karen Lovitch, Member, Mintz Levin
Bill on Bankruptcy: US Airways Need a Merger More than AMR
Too Big To Fail in the Dodd-Frank Era
License to travel: how regulation is benefiting business abroad
S&C's Cohen: Brown-Vitter Punishes Banks For Being Big
Tips for Mobile App Privacy Compliance
China's Export Policy Changes After U.S. Antitrust Case
How to Conduct Routine Internal Investigations
Could A US-EU Free Trade Deal Harm The WTO?
$300 Million Dairy Settlement Will Bring Reform, Lawyer Says
The rising costs of legal services, continuing growth of Big Data, and budget pressures have popularized legal process outsourcing over the last two decades. This can take the form of outsourcing back office functions such as...more
A recent Pennsylvania federal court decision highlights the difficulty in keeping third party communications privileged. (King Drug Co. of Florence, Inc. v. Cephalon, Inc., No. 06-CV-1797, 2013 WL 4836752 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 11,...more
Compiled by @ComplexD from online public domain resources, provided for your review/use is this week's update of key industry news, views, and events highlighting key electronic discovery related stories, developments, and...more
Seemingly unrelated, the WSJ's discussion of antitrust claims challenging below-cost pricing (Antitrust Busters with Gavels, 4/26/2013) and the Internet tabloid Above the Law's discussion of increased use of "suicide pricing"...more
March 13 (Bloomberg Law) -- In his 2013 State of the Union address, President Obama announced plans to negotiate and execute a free trade agreement between the United States and the European Union. Jim Bacchus, partner at...more
Recognized nationally in Forbes' Law and Technology Blog as a leading source of trusted eDiscovery information, Orange Legal Technologies' Unfiltered Orange newsletter is published weekly to provide legal and technology...more
Technology Assisted Review - Backgrounder
Compilation of Articles: February 1 - December 7, 2012
With the increased interest from the legal community on the eDiscovery technique of technology assisted review, provided...more
Highlighted in Forbes' Law & Technology Blog as one of Eight Great Law & Technology Resources, Orange Legal Technologies' Unfiltered Orange Weekly eDiscovery News Updates provide readers with a trusted compilation of key...more
Below are two fresh links from the InterTubes, the juxtaposition of which is highly suggestive. What's the connection, and how do they relate to distribution law? Before answering those questions, let me describe the linked...more
Find an Antitrust & Trade Regulation Author »
Sign up for your custom alerts now, using LinkedIn ›
Back to Top
Copyright ©


text:
Advanced Search |
Search Tips
A strong gel with a UV filter. The gel is very suitable for creating wet look hairstyles as well as blow-drying.
We promise to never spam you, and just use your email address to identify you as a valid customer.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!
All prices are in USD.
Copyright 2015 Good Looking Discounts.
Sitemap |
All prices are in USD.
Click the button below to add the Keune Ultra Forte Gel 6.8oz to your wish list.


text:
10 Clever Ways to Save Money While Dining Out
Coupons, lunch dates and sharing plates are just three of the ways that you can cut the cost of restaurant meals. Read on for more.
Coupons, lunch dates and sharing plates are just three of the ways that you can cut the cost of restaurant meals. Read on for more.
Consumers miss out on $240 a year in retirement savings by not directing cash rewards from credit card spending to a retirement account, a survey finds.
Yes, it can be tough to save. But once you're motivated, who knows how many creatives ways you'll discover.
If you've hit the plastic a little too hard and let things slide in the excitement of the holidays, it's time to put yourself on a financial detox.
From securing personal information to grocery shopping on Wednesdays, here are 25 great tips from 2014 so you can have a frugal 2015.
Save more in 2015! Use these easy tips to help you boost your budget in the new year.
Reaching some -- or all -- of these financial milestones in 2015 will empower you to be able to manage your money and hit other big goals in the future.
For a little effort now, financial resolutions can pay off -- and they're easier to achieve than resolutions to lose weight or quit smoking
Budgets don't have to be as painful as others make them out to be. These 4 approaches make budgeting as easy as possible.
Make it a priority to improve your retirement finances in the new year. Take the time now to plan how you will bolster your nest egg in 2015.
Will you spend the energy savings on other products or put the cash in the bank? What you do will tell us a lot about growth over the next few years.
Accruing debt not only messes with your financial state of mind, but also your overall mental state and happiness. Take these 6 steps to fight your debt.
Getting your budget back on the right course isn't as hard as it seems. Here are 5 ways to do so -- and keep it there.
Most investors think they have a self-directed IRA when in fact they have one that limits their investment choices. Do you know which one you have?
We all hear stories about people who get rich by being in the right spot at the right time. We can hope for that luck -- or we can take these steps now.
Correctly investing in your 401(k) is as simple as 1, 2, 3. Here's how to start on the right foot with your new retirement account.
Not every product has a sell-by or use-by date, but some items probably cluttering your house are becoming less and less useful as time passes.
Your home can be used to give your retirement savings a quick and significant boost. But tapping your home equity also comes with potential pitfalls.
DailyFinance contributor Erin Lowry guides us through her strategy for checking off your holiday shopping list -- and saving money -- while staying sane.
Specialized programs offer 5, 10 or 20 percent discounts at Amazon. And then there's the free stuff -- or free after you pay to join.
One blogger really saves by actually moving savings into a savings account; another challenges every bill. Their results are huge.
Catch-up 401(k) contributions help, but the secret to a large sum is contributing as much as possible when you're young. Can you devote $19,000 at age 25?
Need to bolster your nest egg but wary of penalties and fees? These strategies will help you make the most of 401(k)s and IRAs in the coming year.
Many banks offer rate-rising CDs to offset future interest rate jumps. But investors can do better with a good conventional CD or online savings account.
As a group overall, baby boomers aren't ready to stop working. But gay boomers face challenges that make them even more vulnerable as they age.
A Kickstarter project for the Sonic Decanter says it can accelerate the aging process of wine by using ultrasonic soundwaves that break down preservatives.
As usual with surveys on Americans and their savings, there's a disconnect in what savers say they need to accomplish and what they actually accomplish.
From larger benefits payments to a new account option, here's what retirement savers can expect as new rules go into effect in the new year.
Many Americans aren't saving for retirement, and they don't need know what they should do. Starting small can pay off over time.
Investors who are ready to retire should start considering when they should begin claiming their Social Security. Here's what you need to know.


text:
I hope they don't change the ride much, but yeah, get rid of the wand!!! And yank the hat while they are at it.
I hope they don't change the ride much, but yeah, get rid of the wand!!! And yank the hat while they are at it.
If my favorite ride is about to lose it's second half, I feel an emergency visit to WDW from California coming.....
Why is everyone so surprised that Network Tunnel, Virtual classroom and neighborhood of vignettes is getting removed? For one, they are kind of stale; for another, isn't this the part that always get changed by new sponsors?
I can't wait to see what Siemens does at the end of the ride, I think we are going to be in store for some great things, and if they can get the wand to come down that is just a bonus.
Now on the people that don't want change.
I think we need to remember the whole idea of Epcot is to be looking to the future, yeah I love looking back on some of the great things that have been at Epcot but there is so much more that the future can hold. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/RT/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot.jpg[/IMG]
i think the wand needs to go...its cool, but goes against the theme of EPCOT...the future!!!


text:
Press release from PR Newswire
Lorillard to Release First Quarter 2010 Results on Monday, April 26, 2010
Thursday, April 08, 2010
Lorillard to Release First Quarter 2010 Results on Monday, April 26, 201016:15 EDT Thursday, April 08, 2010GREENSBORO, N.C., April 8 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Lorillard Inc., (NYSE: LO), the third largest manufacturer of cigarettes in the United States, today announced that it will release first quarter 2010 earnings on Monday, April 26, 2010. �A conference call for analysts and investors will begin at 10:00 am Eastern Time on April 26, 2010 which will be hosted by Martin L. Orlowsky, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and David H. Taylor, Executive Vice President, Finance and Planning and Chief Financial Officer. Investors can participate in the conference call by dialing (866) 383-7989 (domestic) or (617) 597-5328 (international). �The passcode for this event is: 41560672.The news release and a live webcast of the conference call will also be available under the Investor Relations part of Lorillard's website at www.lorillard.com. �The conference will be available for replay in its entirety through May 3, 2010. If you wish to listen to the replay of this conference call, please visit Lorillard's website at www.lorillard.com or dial (888) 286-8010 (domestic) or (617) 801-6888 (international) and enter passcode: 38903437. About Lorillard, Inc.Lorillard, Inc. (NYSE: LO) is the third largest manufacturer of cigarettes in the United States. Founded in 1760, Lorillard is the oldest continuously operating tobacco company in the U.S. Newport�, Lorillard's flagship menthol-flavored premium cigarette brand, is the top selling menthol and second largest selling cigarette in the U.S. In addition to Newport, the Lorillard product line has five additional brand families marketed under the Kent�, True�, Maverick�, Old Gold� and Max� brand names. These six brands include 41 different product offerings which vary in price, taste, flavor, length and packaging. Lorillard maintains its headquarters and manufactures all of its products in Greensboro, North Carolina. For more information, visit the Company's web site at www.lorillard.com. Forward-Looking Statement: Certain statements made in this press release are "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, or the Reform Act. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may project, indicate or imply future results, events, performance or achievements, and may contain the words "expect", "intend", "plan", "anticipate", "estimate", "believe", "will be", "will continue", "will likely result", and similar expressions. In addition, any statement that may be provided by management concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible actions by Lorillard, Inc. are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Reform Act.Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are inherently subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of Lorillard, Inc., that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected. �Information describing factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements is available in Lorillard, Inc.'s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These filings are available from the SEC over the Internet or in hard copy, and are, in some cases, available from Lorillard, Inc. as well. �Forward-looking statements speak only as of the time they are made, and Lorillard, Inc. expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to update these statements to reflect any change in expectations or beliefs or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any forward-looking statement is based.SOURCE Lorillard Inc.For further information: Gordon McCoun, or Hannah Sloane, +1-212-850-5600, for Lorillard, Inc.


text:
New [H] Editorial on Benchmarking
View Single Post
Join Date: Nov 2002
Location: CDA
Posts: 1,510
To start with the accusation that all 3dmark did is disable Nvidias "optimizer" is a flat out LIE. If Kyle had the least bit of an understanding about how Applications, D3D, Drivers, and Hardware work together he would be spending his time pointing out what a damn lier Nvidia is again instead of how evil 3Dmark03 is.
The Application talks to D3D not the hardware or Drivers. Then D3D makes its requests to the GPU where it talks to the Drivers which in Turn talks to the Hardware. The "Optimizer" (which is a damn lie to start with) takes place at the Driver level. When Nvidia is using application detection they are simply setting up certain conditions so that When certain Requests are made they are expecting it and can replace it at the driver level with what they want.
This is not and never has been a "Dynamic Shader Optimizer". That is a complete load of PR Crap. It is just a Term that they use to cover up what they are really doing. Which is the same thing they have been doing. Replacing game and Benchmark code as they see Fit. Simply to make their hardware work. In fact Futuremark responded to the accusation yesterday. Apparently Kyle either did not read it or did not understand it.
Here is another Case where Kyle does not even understand the fundamentals enough to know whats going on. I used to think kyle was a Biased Nvidiot. What I have come to realize is its simply a case of him not having a Clue and going with whoevers PR sounds the best to him. Which usually ends up being Nvidia because lets face it.. They are good. So Good in fact that nearly everyone has bought into and believes their "Shader optimizer" Crap. Yet again Blaming 3mdark03 as the evil does when they are simply Trying to make everyone play fair. Something Nvidia can not do.
1. There are IQ differences even if they are hidden fairly well. They are Still there. Thus it is NOT Mathematically Equivalent.
2. The point is that this test is supposed to be a true measure of baseline performance. That will demonstrate what you can expect from the card without 6 months of carefully planned and executed "optimizations".
3. For some unknown reason Kyle does not seem to understand that 3Dmark03 is simply using BASIC D3D. It has nothing in there that favors ATi or Nvidia. Yet he keeps insinuating that off of nothing more than Something Nvidia is telling him. They are Telling him whatever they have to to cover up or make excuses for what they are doing.
People seem to forget that new games like Max Payne 2 are performing badly on Nvidias hardware. Why? because they did not include it in their 6 month "optimization" session. This is why you need 3dmark03 and honest results. Nvidia is simply not going to be able to "optimize" for every single game that comes out. Its impossible. When they do "optimize" it will not appear until 3-6 months later whenever they release their next driver.
The only exceptions to this will be when they hand program the game for the developer like in the case of STALKER.
Kyle Why dont you do the Right thing for ONCE In your careeer. Talk to all parties involved. Hear what everyone has to say and then write an Informed editorial based on the Truth and not Nvidias lying PR.
Overam Mirage 4700
3.2ghz P4 HT
SIS 748FX Chipset 800mhz FSB
1Gig DDR-400
60Gig 7200RPM HD
Radeon 9600M Turbo 128 (400/250)
Catalyst 4.2
Latest good read. [url]http://www.hardocp.com/article.html?art=NTc4LDE=http://www.hardocp.com/article.html?art=NTc4LDE=[/url]
Last edited by Hellbinder; 11-13-03 at
View Public Profile
Visit Hellbinder's homepage!
Find More Posts by Hellbinder