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Two architects, one Spanish and the other American, dominated much of the world's architectural news in 1996. Each won a prestigious award. José Rafael Moneo received the $100,000 Pritzker Architecture Prize, the world's most prestigious architecture honour, and in late 1996 it was announced that Richard Meier would receive the 1997 Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Both prizes were for career achievement rather than for any one building.
Moneo received his Pritzker at a ceremony in Los Angeles in June, the same month in which he was chosen to design a new $50 million Roman Catholic cathedral for that city, intended to replace the structure damaged in a 1994 earthquake. The proposed demolition of the old cathedral was stopped by court order, however, after a protest by historic preservation groups, and at year's end the outcome was not clear. Other Moneo buildings under construction in 1996 included a major addition to the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, and museums of art and architecture in Stockholm. Among the architect's completed works, the best known was the National Museum of Roman Art in Mérida, Spain, completed in 1986 and regarded as a masterpiece.
Richard Meier's gold medal was announced during a year in which the first section opened of his enormous Getty Center, an institution for the study and conservation of art, the construction cost of which was expected to reach some $1 billion. Dramatically sited on a ridge overlooking the Pacific Ocean in Los Angeles, the Getty was scheduled to be completed in 1997. Like Moneo, Meier had designed buildings in many parts of the world; these included the Museum of Contemporary Art in Barcelona, Spain, the Museum of Television and Radio in Beverly Hills, Calif., and a federal courthouse in Islip, N.Y.
The opening of a branch of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, designed by Pritzker Prize winner Frank Gehry of the U.S., scheduled for 1997, was much anticipated. A pile of sharply twisting, curving shapes, surfaced in titanium and rising to a height of 30 m (100 ft), it might signal the beginning of a new free-form kind of architecture that had become possible because of computers, without which Gehry's complex forms could not have been designed, engineered, or constructed.
It was announced that the Phillips Exeter Academy Library in Exeter, N.H., by Louis I. Kahn, would receive the 1997 "Twenty-Five Year Award" from the AIA. This prize was given each year to an American building that had proved its merit during at least a quarter of a century. The library, a simple, monumental cube of brick, was one of the early successes of Kahn, whom many regard as the most influential architect of his generation. The AIA also named 10 winners of its 1997 Honor Awards for the best designs of the year. Among the more prominent were the renovation of the New Victory Theater in New York City's Times Square by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer and the Tokyo International Forum by the Uruguayan-born U.S. architect Rafael Viñoly.
Earlier in the year the AIA had announced its Honor Awards for 1996, which included Gehry's Center for the Visual Arts in Toledo, Ohio; the Munich (Ger.) Order Center by Murphy/Jahn of Chicago; and the urban design of the Cleveland (Ohio) Gateway district by Sasaki Associates. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture, given every three years to promote good architecture and urban design in the Islamic world, announced 12 winners, which included a plan for the restoration of some 500 buildings in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, and the IBM tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, that was cited as an example of high-rise architecture responsive to a tropical climate.
A design was announced for what had been described as the most important overseas American building of the century--a new embassy in Berlin. It was to be constructed at a corner of the city's main civic square, the Pariser Platz, next to the landmark Brandenburg Gate. Six architects were asked to submit designs for the embassy. The designs were then evaluated by a jury of architects and public officials. The winner was the Los Angeles firm of Moore Ruble Yudell, with Gruen Associates, which proposed a building that included many echoes of traditional architecture. One such echo was a "lodge" in an interior courtyard, intended as a social gathering place for the embassy staff that would evoke memories of both a U.S. suburban house and the visitors' lodges of the national parks.
A new Main Public Library in San Francisco was designed by James Ingo Freed of the firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, the architect of the famed Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Freed dealt with the problem of inserting an up-to-date library in the city's historic Civic Center by using such modern materials as stainless steel to re-create traditional motifs such as classical columns. A huge free-form skylit atrium dominated the interior.
The 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga., failed to produce significant architecture, a disappointment after the spectacular Olympics of other years. Unlike Games in other parts of the world, Atlanta's were privately financed, and the buildings were routine and inexpensive. An attempt was made, however, to spin off some long-term benefits for the city, including a new downtown park and new trees and artworks intended to provide a better environment for pedestrians.
In Leipzig, Ger., a huge new convention centre, the Neue Messe Leipzig, featured a spectacular vaulted glass hall. Potential heat and glare in the space were controlled by external sprinklers, which sprayed the glass, and by computer-controlled ventilation systems. The building was seen as a symbol of the resurgence of the former East Germany. In Japan the Tokyo International Forum, a vast complex containing four large theatres and a convention centre, was scheduled to open officially in early 1997.
The Aronoff Center for Design and Art opened at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio. It was designed by the experimental U.S. architect Peter Eisenman. Like Gehry's Guggenheim in Bilbao, it was regarded as the harbinger of a new generation of free-form computer-generated designs--although Eisenman's irregular shapes tended to be angular rather than curved. The construction drawings for the building were not conventionally dimensioned in feet or metres. Instead, 8,000 key points were plotted in three dimensions by computer and then located on the building site by an engineer using a laser transit. Eisenman argued that this process allowed him to create a building "so fractured that the space is no longer contained by form--it's rattled loose."
In Chicago an almost equally controversial but very different building for the arts was the new Museum of Contemporary Art. It was designed by the German architect Josef Paul Kleihues in a sober, symmetrical, neo-classical style. One architectural magazine said that "it seems to summarize a composure and restraint that has blessedly come to us after an era in which the over-the-top, program-be-damned hedonism of museums like Peter Eisenman's Wexner Center [in Ohio] and Gehry's Vitra Museum [in Germany] has been celebrated." Kleihues used local Indiana limestone at the base of his building and then switched to panels made of aluminum sandblasted with iron filings at the upper levels, a material expected to age and weather well in the Chicago climate.
Another large cultural project was the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles by Moshe Safdie, a museum of Jewish life not far from Meier's Getty Center. Like the Getty, the Skirball was a cluster of buildings sited on a hill, visible from a distance on the freeways.
At Harvard University, Philadelphia architects Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates restored the university's largest building, the Victorian-style Memorial Hall, into an up-to-date dining hall with a basement of student fast-food counters and study nooks. In Mexico City Ricardo Legoretta and other architects created a new National Center for the Arts.
Probably the most discussed and written-about commercial venture of 1996 was the opening of the new town of Celebration outside Orlando, Fla., created by the Walt Disney Co. Many prominent architects, including Jaquelin Robertson, Robert A.M. Stern, Cesar Pelli, Michael Graves, Charles Moore, Philip Johnson, Aldo Rossi, William Rawn, and the firm of Venturi, Scott Brown, collaborated in the planning of the town and the design of its buildings. Unlike less-wealthy developers, Disney was able to begin the project by building the town's downtown, in which shops, restaurants, and entertainment facilities faced an artificial lake, even before there was a resident population. Celebration was intended to be a normal community, not an exclusive gated enclave, and was expected to reach a population of approximately 20,000. Exteriors but not interiors of the houses had to conform to an elaborate set of guidelines intended to re-create the atmosphere of the small-town America of the pre-World War II era. Of the buildings completed by the year's end, a movie complex in Art Deco style by Pelli, a cylindrical post office by Graves, and two office buildings by Rossi were among the more notable.
Celebration was regarded as the most visible example of the increasingly influential movement known as New Urbanism, which could be summarized as an attempt to return to the pedestrian-friendly, compactly built town of the past, as opposed to what the New Urbanists described as the car-dominated suburban sprawl of freeways, malls, and widely dispersed single-family houses. Admired by many, Celebration and other examples of New Urbanism were criticized by others as a retreat to a dreamworld of the American past, one that would appeal to only a small slice of the current population.
Also during the year, in Britain, another New Urbanist town opened its first 250 homes. This was Poundbury, sponsored by Prince Charles, designed by the Luxembourg architect Leon Krier, and intended, like Celebration, to re-create the values of the past.
Also for Disney--now regarded as the world's leading private patron of architecture--was an office building in Anaheim, Calif., by Gehry, much of it covered in iridescent quilted sheet-metal panels that to passing motorists appeared to be changing colour. Gehry's competition-winning Disney Concert Hall for downtown Los Angeles, however, remained mired in political and budgetary problems and seemed likely never to be built.
A national competition was under way in the United States to design a memorial to veterans of World War II on a prominent site near the Washington Monument on the Mall in Washington, D.C. It drew more than 400 entries, from which 6 finalists were chosen. No announcement of a winner had been made by the year's end.
A design by Berlin-based architect Daniel Libeskind, featuring irregular, heaped-up, angular shapes, was chosen from more than 100 proposals for a new wing for the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Pritzker Prize winner Christian de Portzamparc won a competition to plan the Massena neighbourhood of Paris.
The proliferation of memorials in Washington, D.C., led critics to complain that the Mall was in danger of turning into a world's fair. Partly in response, a new plan for the civic core of Washington--in which future monuments would be dispersed along North, South, and East Capitol streets, which radiate from the U.S. Capitol--was proposed by the National Capital Planning Commission. The intention was to return to the original planning concept of Washington as created by Pierre L'Enfant. Meanwhile, in addition to the World War II memorial, a U.S. Air Force memorial design by Freed in the shape of the air force insignia's five-pointed star was approved for a site across the Potomac River from the Lincoln Memorial.
The question of how to make government buildings secure from such threats as the bombing of an Oklahoma City, Okla., office structure in 1995 came to a head during the year in Washington as the National Park Service published five proposals for the future of the area around the White House. After the Oklahoma City bombing, the White House and the section of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of it were closed to vehicular traffic. The plan preferred by the Park Service would reopen the avenue for service vehicles and special events only. Critics feared that the new emphasis on security might have a dampening effect on the street life of cities. Similarly, a new U.S. embassy in Peru, by the Miami, Fla., firm Arquitectonica, was described in a U.S. architecture magazine this way: "Forget architecture as goodwill ambassador. The message here is, 'Keep out!' " The Berlin embassy, however, following German preference, was to be built to the edge of the sidewalk, with normal-sized windows and without visible barriers or setbacks.
The battle for the title of world's tallest building continued in East Asia. The Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, designed by Cesar Pelli, captured the title in April at 452 m, topping the Sears Tower in Chicago (1 m = 3.28 ft). But foundation work was under way in Shanghai for the 460-m Shanghai World Financial Center, and in Hong Kong approval was expected for the 468-m Nina Tower. New engineering techniques, often using high-strength concrete frames in addition to steel, were employed in all the towers.
See also Business and Industry Review: Building and Construction.
This article updates architecture, history of Western.
The spectacular recent triumph of the cable-stayed bridge was overshadowed in 1996 by the resurgence of the suspension bridge. Several record-breaking examples of the latter were either completed or were close to it. (For notable civil engineering projects, see below.)
Suspension bridges--those with a curved, usually steel, cable slung between two towers and anchored back behind them--traditionally produce the longest spans. They support the deck from vertical hanger cables off the main cable. The cable-stay, where the cables radiate out in straight lines directly from the tower to the deck, had begun to challenge the suspension design for medium-length bridges. The main span lengths of cable-stays had now reached once unbelievable 856 m (1 m = 3.28 ft).
Suspension bridges such as the Tsing Ma in Hong Kong, the Great Belt's (Storebælt's) East Bridge in Denmark, and Akashi Kaikyo in Japan, all currently taking final shape, were, however, even longer. Tsing Ma, which, when completed in 1997 would connect Hong Kong with its new airport on Lantau Island, was 1,377 m long and carried a dual three-lane highway as well as the new airport railway on a lower deck.
The Great Belt, which would help link Copenhagen, on the island of Zealand, to mainland Europe, was even longer at 1,624 m. Cables for this bridge were finished in November, in record time, through the use of a new computer-controlled "spinning" system that promised to halve the cost of fabricating suspension cable. The Great Belt would be the longest in the world when it opened in 1998.
Almost immediately, however, an even longer bridge, Japan's Akashi, would take the record with a stunning 1,991-m-long central span. By late 1996 cables and decks had been completed, and the 10-year-long construction program was scheduled to finish in 1998.
Bridge building action was becoming increasingly significant in the Pacific area. Apart from Japan, China was coming to the fore. A 990-m dual two-lane road bridge was completed across the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) at Sandouping between Yichang and Chongqing. The bridge linked the two sides of the huge Three Gorges Dam project, which was well under way just upstream. Construction began on an even bigger Yangtze bridge, the Jiangyin. With a 1,385-m span, it would be the fourth largest in the world when completed in 1999. It would not use spinning construction, where the wires are laid one by one in the air, but would employ a preformed-cables method favoured by the Japanese.
Also nearing completion in China was the Humen Bridge, an 888-m-long suspension bridge across the Pearl River at the so-called Tiger's Mouth (Boca Tigris) downstream from Guangzhou (Canton). It was not only one of the country's first suspension bridges but also part of a longer link across the river estuary that included several kilometres of viaduct and a 260-m concrete box span, also a record length.
Increasingly, the main bridge was merely part of a very long link. Akashi, for example, was part of three very long links to Shikoku Island from Japan's "mainland" island, Honshu. The Great Belt's suspension bridge was part of an overall viaduct, concrete bridge, and tunnel link. In Scandinavia work was also well under way for the long Øresund connection between Copenhagen and western Sweden, which again included tunnels, as well as a concrete viaduct totaling 12 km (7.5 mi). Included was an artificial island and a cable-stayed bridge. In the U.K. the 5.2-km (3.2-mi) second crossing of the Severn Estuary with a 456-m-long central span became part of the country's longest connection in the summer.
This article updates bridge.
Major developments during 1996 included the topping out of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. At 452 m (1 m = 3.28 ft), the twin towers were, at least temporarily, the tallest buildings in the world. Construction also began on other buildings that would be more than 375 m in height. The 420-m-high Jin Mao development in Shanghai was under construction, and plans were under way for Millennium towers in Tokyo and London, at 840 m and 385 m, respectively. The former would be a quantum leap in building heights if it was built.
Construction was under way near Paris for the 80,000-seat Stade de France for the 1998 World Cup. Of particular interest was the flat annular disklike roof to be suspended 45 m above ground level from 18 slender steel pylons. The pylons were situated behind the upper tier of seats and projected through holes in the steel-framed roof, which was supported from the pylons by sloping steel cables. The roof would extend as far as 69 m inward from the pylons and 25 m on the outside. The inner part of the disk would be clad with translucent glass to avoid light contrast between sky and roof.
At Alexandria, Egypt, a monumental (design life of 200 years) library was being built. This area was known for its difficult ground conditions, both for construction and for the design of foundations. Consequently, the building design featured four levels below ground level and up to six floors above. The high water table in the porous strata on which the building was situated made exclusion of water during construction difficult, and the completed structure had to be designed against flotation. The basement wall took the form of a reinforced-concrete diaphragm wall, extending down 35 m and built by placing the concrete in a trench excavated in the ground and filled with bentonite mud. In order to support the building and prevent flotation, some 700 reinforced-concrete piles up to 1.5 m in diameter were bored down to a depth of 37 m. Owing to the corrosive nature of the groundwater, all construction in contact with the ground had to be carefully designed and built to ensure the intended design life.
The superstructure of the glass hall at the Tokyo International Forum was lens-shaped in plan, about 207 m long by 32 m wide at the centre and nearly 60 m high. While the structure was of large scale, the engineers sought to keep individual components small in order to produce a delicate total building. The roof was carried on two columns situated 124 m apart on the long axis. The upper side was nominally flat and glass-clad, and the structure supporting it was made up of steel ribs up to 12.5 m deep, much like the hull of a ship. Within this were compression and tension members providing strength both for carrying the weight and for the lateral wind load from the walls. The glass-clad walls were carried on vertical mullions 10.5 m apart that took the form of light trusses spanning vertically up to 32.5 m to carry the wind loads on the walls.
An interesting new concept of grid shells for lightweight roofs was developed in Germany. Spherical and irregular doubly curved surfaces are impossible to modularize totally. Through the use of a quadrangular mesh with members of equal length, however, these shapes can be formed, provided that the panel shapes are allowed to vary from square to diamond-shaped. The system provides for the panel side members to be joined at the ends to allow in-plane rotation and, at the same time, enable clamping of continuous bracing cables on the diagonals, which are necessary to maintain the geometry. Glass-clad roofs with spans as large as 33 m were constructed in this way, using members one metre in length.
This article updates building construction.
More than 1,100 dams were under construction throughout the world during 1996. The leading countries were China (270), Turkey (173), Japan (134), South Korea (134), India (77), Spain (50), Italy (46), the U.S. (37), Romania (36), and Iran (27).
Privatization of power generation and its impact on dam building was under way in many countries. Zimbabwe was inviting private investment to start the Batokan Gorge Dam, which was to supply 600 MW on the Zambezi River. Mexico was looking for private capital to develop its two Temascal dams, which would add 200 MW to the nation's system.
In Turkey construction began on the Ermenek Dam, designed to be 190 m high and generate 1,022 GW-hr. Turkey and Syria were having a dispute over the allocation of the waters of the Euphrates River. Syria demanded that Turkey halt work on the Birecik Dam. The dispute was intensified because of the reduction of river flow by Turkey to allow repairs at Ataturk Dam, with its 24,000 MW plant.
Syria was also pursuing an aggressive dam-building program. Just completed was the Thawrah Dam on the Snobar River, with a reservoir that would hold 98 million cu m and irrigate 9,600 ha. Syria was also nearing completion of the Khahour Dam, which would irrigate 55,000 ha and store 600 million cu m of water. (1 ha = 2.47 ac; 1 cu m = 35.3 cu ft.)
Iran completed its largest-volume dam, the Karkheh on the river of the same name. The 127-m-high dam would supply irrigation water to 220,000 ha and produce 400 MW of power.
In India construction was continuing on the Sardar Sarovar Dam despite protests regarding the resettlement of people from the reservoir area. The government considered the need of water for irrigation to be paramount.
Of China's 270 large dams under construction, 15 were designed to be more than 100 m high. The huge Three Gorges project on the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) was running ahead of schedule. The Chinese claimed that all the environmental objections to the dam were being satisfied and that the benefits would be much greater than originally envisioned by the planners. The river diversion was expected to take place in October 1997, a year earlier than planned, and the entire project was scheduled to be completed by the year 2009. By the end of 1996, China had more than 20,000 large dams in operation.
In Malaysia the long-awaited Bakun Dam was started during the year by the award of the construction contract. The dam was to be 205 m high and would produce 2,400 MW of power. It was scheduled to be completed in 2002.
In Portugal the Algueva Dam on the Guadiana River would provide 240 MW and was to impound what would be Europe's largest reservoir. Financial and environmental problems cast doubt, however, as to whether the construction would proceed on schedule.
In Nigeria the Kafin Zaki Dam was under construction. It was to have a reservoir capacity of 2,500 cu m.
In the United States 37 dams were under construction, and 9 new hydroelectric plants were placed in operation, the largest of which was Rocky Mountain, with an installed capacity of 848 MW at a cost in excess of $1 billion. As compared with the 1960s, when 1,675 dams were built, only 63 had been constructed in the 1990s as of the end of 1996.
This article updates dam.
Growing economic activity in many less-developed parts of the world led to the announcement in 1996 of many projects for new roads and highways. The trend of recent years toward the use of private-sector financing and the collection of tolls continued, although automated toll-collection systems remained unproven.
The longest highway-construction project under way in the world was the Indus Highway in Pakistan. Covering a total distance of 1,200 km (1 km = 0.6 mi), the highway runs along the valley of the Indus River from Kotri in the south to Peshawar in the north. The first two phases of the project, covering 767 km and costing $220 million, were to be completed by 1997. In India another large project to upgrade 330 km of existing roads from two to four lanes was announced. The largest project to be funded by the Asian Development Bank, it would cost $220 million and include work in five states: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, and West Bengal.
The expected increase in road building in the Middle East began in 1996, with projects announced and under way in the United Arab Emirates. In Dubayy the municipality planned to spend $260 million on roads, the highest budget allocation in its history. Abu Dhabi began work on a $272 million project to upgrade the road link to Dubayy to an international standard divided highway.
The Silk Road, which was established about 2,000 years ago to connect the ancient civilizations of Rome and China, could once again become an international highway. Under a program promoted by the International Road Federation (IRF) and reflecting the growing importance of trade in the Caucasus region, the plan would involve a regionwide improvement in road connections in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, and neighbouring countries.
Other countries in the former Soviet Union were developing their road networks. In Russia plans were under way to upgrade the road linking the two main cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, to be financed by tolls. Both Ukraine and Belarus were building new expressway connections to their western borders with Poland.
In Eastern Europe the aftermath of war in former Yugoslavia had left a legacy of damaged roads. Studies were under way in Croatia to develop its road network to reflect its new independent status. Bosnia and Herzegovina estimated that it required $3 billion for major infrastructure repairs and was hoping to attract international aid and private finance; 1,000 km of its roads, along with 70 bridges and 20 tunnels, were destroyed in the civil war.
The development of a true highway network in Western Europe took a step closer to reality with the launch of a continentwide program called "Eurovia." Promoted by the IRF, it intended to reflect the growing international trade in the region and the importance of integration with other transport modes instead of the country-by-country development that had occurred previously.
The world's most northerly road project was under way in Norway. This 28.5-km highway would provide a direct connection from the mainland to the island of Magerøya, Europe's northernmost point and an increasingly popular tourist attraction. The project involved the construction of the world's longest undersea road tunnel, 6.8 km long, and would be completed in 1998.
At the end of 1996, the world's first all-electronic toll highway was approaching completion. Highway 407 in Toronto was built ahead of schedule, but the commissioning of its advanced electronic toll-collection system, in which drivers would pay for road use through transponders mounted on the windshield instead of with cash, was proving difficult.
This articles updates road.
The most significant developments in regard to tunnels in 1996 concerned their operation rather than their construction. Faith in tunnels as important public facilities was shaken when, on the night of November 18, fire broke out on a heavy truck being transported on a freight train shuttle through the 50-km-long Channel Tunnel. Instead of continuing the journey to the U.K. terminal--the official safety procedure--the operator of the shuttle stopped the train in the tunnel about 13 km from the French portal. The fire, exacerbated by the forced ventilation system, disabled the train by burning through the overhead power supply and caused extensive damage to the concrete lining of the tunnel and its services and track. The 31 passengers and 3 shuttle crew evacuated to safety into the central service tunnel, and firefighting crews from both France and the U.K. had the fire extinguished by the following morning.
Eurotunnel, the company that built and operated the Channel Tunnel, had been successfully increasing its market share of the cross-Channel transport business before the incident. Limited services continued through the undamaged north tunnel, but the loss of business during the busy end-of-year holidays shook Eurotunnel's already fragile financial situation. It was expected to take several weeks or months to repair the damaged tunnel and resume normal operations.
Activity during 1996 centred mainly on the continuation of projects already in progress, including subway (metro) projects in many cities throughout the world, the undersea Trans-Tokyo Bay highway project in Japan, and the regular requirement for water supply, sewerage, and utility tunnels in urban areas. The concentration of tunneling activity during 1996 remained in the Far East.
Tunneling on the Los Angeles subway project remained embroiled in controversy and scandal. As work was beginning to return to normal after the sacking of the contractor associated with the Hollywood Boulevard tunnel collapse in June 1995, the new senior management of the reorganized Metropolitan Transportation Authority was accused of corruption in the evaluation and award of the $65 million contract to manage construction of the new $670 million Eastside extension.
Other major tunneling jobs that encountered trouble during the year included the Athens subway. There tunneling was suspended for investigation into why the tunnel-boring machines engaged on the project were inducing excessive settlement or failing to reach optimum progress rates in the prevailing ground conditions.
On the brighter side, tunneling gained a high profile on some exciting new projects. More than 22 km of single- and twin-tube tunneling under the streets of London as well as through the chalk hills of the Kent countryside were included on the 110-km Channel Tunnel railway link, the construction and operation of which was awarded to a privately financed consortium in early 1996. With the Ted Williams Tunnel under Boston Harbor completed in 1995, work continued on Boston's $10 billion project, in which 13 km (8 mi) of tunnels and roads were being built through the heart of the city.
The trend toward more and more tunneling in cities around the world to utilize the environmental, social, and technical advantages of underground space was confirmed in 1996. To illustrate the trend, London Electricity had completed its first man-entry electricity cable tunnel beneath the streets of London in 1990. By the end of 1996, it had committed to more than 30 km of these cost-effective, safe, easily operated, and efficient alternatives to the open-trench burial of electricity cables.
This article updates tunnel.
A list of notable civil engineering projects is provided in the table.


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VeritableVagabond 18-21, M 7 Answers 4 Jun 3, 2012
so I did my nails today. pastel pink. *watches pretty nails with love*
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Sometimes they are just saying anything even if it doesn't make a conversation just so they can be near eachother.
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This is a statement, not a question. A question is an interrogative sentence that requests information. Most questions begin with words such as how, when, why, or what.

Hope this helps to clear up your question/statement confusion.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Universal Fit
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text:
Pune: Even after a four-year-old girl was molested by a bus attendant aided by driver, parents of other students allege that the school is only worried about damage control and shying away from implementing safety norms for school children.
On Saturday, the school authorities distributed complaint forms to the parents of students who travel on A-7 route bus where the four-year-old was sexually abused.
The parents were asked to fill the forms and give it to the school, however the school has not given the same forms to other parents whose children travel from other nine route buses.
Parents were angered by the move claiming that the school is only distributing forms to this route as they want to do damage control and are not really interested in safety of children.
Meanwhile, head of institution Dr MN Navale said that in future he would be giving surprise visits on the school buses and will see whether the safety norms are followed.
As many as 50 parents today went to the school and have submitted an application to the authorities demanding various safety norms in the school buses.
"Till the time, all these demands are not met, we will not send our children in buses and will not pay the transport fees," said angry parents.
"It seems that they are trying to split up the unity of parents who have taken stand against the school," said a parent, whose son travels by route 3 bus.
Demands of parents
Driver and the male attendants should not touch kids; there should be two female attendants on the buses and their cellphone numbers should be given to the parents; there should be CCTV cameras, first aid boxes and other safety tools available on the buses.


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|Beta 4.0 & problems with downloading
|5th Dec, 2010 08:30
Ranking: 0
Posts: 2
User Since: 17th Apr, 2010
System Score: N/A
Location: N/A
Last edited on 5th Dec, 2010 08:42
I recently downloaded beta 4.0 to my computer, and was amazed at the ease of correcting problems on my computer. So I decided to download this to my brother's computer. This is when the problems began. After downloading the beta program to his computer, his computer seemed to go into shock, and his browser would freeze up. I could use other programs on his computer, but when I tried to close or minimize them, their image would stay on the screen.
I then shut everything down, and rebooted. The browser (Avant) freezes up, so I tried Mozilla -- again freezeup. IE wasn't any better. So I removed all traces of Secunia from his computer, rebooted, and then tried to download the PSI version. Now, everytime I try to finish install, I get an NSIS error message.
Running XP pro -- on a two yr old computer. Not sure what else you will need. I've also run various virus scans (Super Antispyware & Malwarebytes' Anti-malware, as was recommended at http://nsis.sf.net/NSIS_Error, but nothing other than cookies is what keeps cropping up.
The actual error message I've been getting is:
"Installer integrity check has failed. Common causes include incomplete download and damaged media. Contact the installers author to obtain a new copy.
More information at: http://nsis.sf.net/NSIS_Error"
I have even tried downloading the install.exe to a CD, and then download the program from the CD, but I get the same error message.
Can anyone help, please? I've been working on this for more than 5 hours now, trying to resolve this issue, without success.
Thanks in advance for your help.
|RE: Beta 4.0 & problems with downloading
|5th Dec, 2010 08:50
|Score: 2265
Posts: 6,269
User Since: 22nd Apr 2009
System Score: 100%
Location: UK
Last edited on 5th Dec, 2010 08:57
Lots of people have experienced problems and difficulty when trying to run psi 2.0 Beta using XP. Some have had to revert to previous versions of psi.
Have you read/checked thro' the FAQ's here (?):-
http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/personal... FAQ's
Please note in particular the settings for IE which are needed for psi to work.
I've found that it can help to set IE8 as the default browser before install of psi; and then to revert to the browser of your choosing once successful.
Make sure you have a thorough clean/clear out between installs/uninstalls....remove temporary files etc..
Hope the foregoing is of some help......regards,
PS.....please note the following ( also noted in FAQ's )
Installing and upgrading the Secunia PSI
I get an error saying - Installer integrity has failed. Common causes include incomplete download and damaged media. Contact the installer's author to obtain a new copy.
The download has been corrupt. Please try clearing temporary files in your browser, or try using a download manager, a newer version of your current browser, or a different browser
|RE: Beta 4.0 & problems with downloading
|5th Dec, 2010 13:26
|Score: 0
Posts: 2
User Since: 17th Apr 2010
System Score: N/A
Location: N/A
Thanks for all your help.
I tried 3 different browsers with the same result -- could not download.
In regards to IE8, everything I have read about it says that it is insecure and that anyone who wants it should think twice before downloading it. I am still using IE7, and refuse to go to IE8.
I followed what was mentioned at http://nsis.sf.net/NSIS_Error for help before posting a thread.
No, I did not go to http://secunia.com/vulnerability_scanning/personal... FAQ's, b/c I actually didn't think about it for various reasons, and on both of our computers I had been doing weekly updates, checks, patches, etc., for well over a year, and so I didnt see a need to add secunia as a trusted site, b/c of the amount of time that our computers have been connected to PSI scans. I might be wrong about not checking "trusted sites" so I'll keep that in mind for any future problems.
It is good to hear, that Im not the only one experiencing problems on XP and having to revert back to a previous PSI not that I wish anyone else problems, I dont. I know how frustrating it is when we cant use our computers due to all the various situations of virus, Trojans, downloads, etc.
In regards to using IE, Ive had nothing but problems (years ago), and so I avoid IE, as much as is possible. Ive also been told by some techs that it has too many holes in it, and so it gives further rise or doubts in regards to using it.
While working on something else, I was pondering the current problems, and the thread I posted asking for help. A thought clicked, and so, as soon as I was able to get back to my brothers computer, I did a system restore, which went well, and his computer is functioning much better now, and is back on the 220.127.116.11 version.
I will keep the link on the vulnerability_scanning/personal FAQs handy, so that next time I can check it first, and I will also keep in mind about dumping temp files. Thanks, I didnt think of temp files.
Problem is solved. Thank you for your time and help, again.
Have a great day.
|RE: Beta 4.0 & problems with downloading
|5th Dec, 2010 14:04
|Score: 2265
Posts: 6,269
User Since: 22nd Apr 2009
System Score: 100%
Location: UK
|I can understand some of your reticence with regard to using IE....but it is still the most popular browser, and as such enables Secunia to reach many with the free psi.
As IE is an integral component of Windows we are all reliant on it to more or less extent. Apart from the settings aforementioned, I rarely if ever use it. The search engine in all versions of psi is fundamentally the same....you still require the settings for previous versions to the psi 2.0 Beta.
If you are happy to have reverted to the 22.214.171.124 version, could you please close the thread by pressing Accept....it will prevent tag-on posts and reminder e mails to both......thankyou.


text:
+ - False DMCA notices erase Justin Bieber->
Submitted by Imagix
Imagix writes: In a fine case of how blind the DMCA is, a user submitted DMCA notices to YouTube over Justin Bieber's videos. In accordance to their DMCA policy, the videos were all yanked.
Link to Original Source
Link to Original Source


text:
Originally written on Fang Faction | Last updated 11/15/14
According to Andy Strickland, the St. Louis Blues head coach Ken Hitchcock will give Jaroslav Halak the nod in Monday's game against the Predators. The "How to Beat the Goalie" posts continue breaking down the St. Louis starter. The St. Louis Blues have a goaltending problem, however it is a good problem, opposed to the problem the Vancouver Canucks have with Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider. The Blues have two good goaltenders that could lead them to a Stanley Cup in Jaro Halak and Brian Elliot. Halak was named the starter at the beginning of the season, but don't look too much into that. Ken Hitchcock said last season that he will go with the "hot hand" whether it is Halak or Elliot. Last season, the Blues started with Halak and finished with Elliot, so whoever does get the start, it really does depend on who is hotter right now, not just mumbo jumbo from Hitchcock. One game in the season, Halak has already recorded a shutout against the Detroit Red Wings. Brian Elliot will get his chance Tuesday night against the Chicago Blackhawks. No doubt, it will be a difficult job handling these two Vezina worthy goalies. Here is how the Predators will attempt to beat Halak: Traffic in front: The Predators will need to put traffic in front of Halak. This will take away his vision and leave him hanging out to dry. Also, it will be up to the defenseman at the point to shoot blocker side because he will be lazy lifting it up. On the powerplay is when this will be the prime time to do so. Bad puck control: Halak will leave rebounds. Having players crashing the net will leave him defenseless and will go in a shell. Halak tends to "give up" when the puck goes to the other side while he is already down. Trotz will have players crashing the net at all times trying to get the dirty goal. Blocker side and lateral movement is his weakness. Having one chance and trying to snipe Halak is usually not an option. Jaroslav Halak's Career Stats vs Nashville Name W L OT SO GAA SV % #41 Jaroslav Halak 6 1 1 3 1.71 .935
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ESCONDIDO: Council gives $175,777 to condo project
ESCONDIDO --- To help spur redevelopment along South Escondido Boulevard, the City Council on Wednesday approved $175,777 in fee waivers to a developer planning to turn a boarded-up retirement home there into condominiums and commercial stores.
"It is a beautiful project that goes with our vision of improving the area," said Councilman Sam Abed. "It provides the new housing that we need and will hopefully inspire redevelopment in the South Escondido area."
Plans call for replacing the five-story Escondido Gardens Retirement Center at Escondido Boulevard and Citracado Parkway with 62 for-sale condominiums and 10,000 square feet of commercial stores and restaurants.
The council voted 4-1, with Councilman Ron Newman dissenting, to use taxpayer money to help developer Escondido Property Managers pay the project's development fees.
Newman said he voted against the project because he felt the council was going too far to bring in new development.
"There is no question the area is in dire need of redevelopment," Newman said. "When we created the fee waivers, it was to encourage growth. But I feel the pendulum has swung too far the other way and we are granting an exorbitant amount of fee waivers."
The property falls in the city's so-called Business Enhancement Zone, which qualifies the developer to apply for financial incentives, including priority processing of applications and reduced city fees, parking and landscape requirements.
The Escondido Gardens building, which was built around 1970, operated as a Royal Inn of America and a Ramada Inn before becoming an assisted-living retirement center. It closed in 2002 and has been boarded up and neglected ever since.
The council gave the developer the maximum waivers allowed under the enhancement program: a $25,000 waiver of development and connection fees that will be paid instead by general fund money set aside in an Economic Incentive Fund, according to the council report.
The city also granted a $35,000 waiver of utility fees. The biggest boost came in the form of $115,777 in savings by allowing the developer to pay the city's old fee rates.
In June, the council voted to double developer fees in two phases. A half-step hike took effect last month and a full increase is expected in June 2005. The fees are charged to developers to offset the effects of new development on city parks, police, fire and drainage services.
The plan the council saw Wednesday was different from one it approved last year. In August 2004, the council reviewed plans that would renovate the existing building to become 38 condominiums. Another 37 condominiums would be built in the back parking lot.
But the renovation turned out to be too expensive, so the plans have changed, according to the developer. The five-story tower will be demolished and replaced with 25 condominiums with the same 37 units behind them.
The underground parking will be replaced with ground-level and street parking and commercial space will be reduced from 16,000 to 10,000 square feet. The project will keep its flower kiosk and sidewalk cafe on the corner.


text:
Pippen Lane's snuggly, super-soft clothing and accessories for baby and toddler fashionistas feature bright, whimsical patterns inspired by European children's fashion. Pink elephants, folk-artsy Trees of Life, and tiny birdies are just some of the many adorable designs printed on Pippen's pure cotton rompers, dresses, footies, and two-piece sets, which fit newborns and kids up to size 16. Based in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Pippen Lane is the brainchild of designer and entrepreneur Anna Beth Goodman (wife of actor John Goodman), who has incorporated the 100-year-old embroidery brand Lylian Heirloom into her growing enterprise and started also Layette, an in-house brand of girls' playwear and newborn clothes made from exclusive prints.
Perfect mix-and-match pieces from the week's most popular sales.
Dress her up in charming colors and lively spring prints.
Pretty little frocks in the most charming colors and prints.
Their wear-everywhere wardrobe: Vibrant picks to mix and match.


text:
Stockinger very close to crashing F-1 realm
ONE STEP closer to his dream of competing in Formula 1, Marlon Stockinger feels he is more than ready to take on the challenge now that he has been selected to the Lotus F1 Junior Team.
The past few weeks have been a blur for Stockinger as he allowed the news of his inclusion to the team sink in.
The Filipino-Swiss driver is also thrilled that he will be driving the F1 car that Lotus will bring to Manila in May in the Lotus F1 roadshow.
"I didn't expect this to happen because I didn't know how Lotus felt about me last year," said Stockinger at a press conference backed by sponsor Globe Tattoo at the Manila Peninsula yesterday.
"Right now, I'm closer than ever to my dream. When I heard that I will be in the junior program, it came as a shock plus the fact that Lotus is bringing its F1 car here and I'm driving it."
The 21-year-old Stockinger was selected along with six other drivers —Marco Sorensen of Denmark, Alex Fontana of Switzerland, Oscar Tunjo of Colombia, Esteban Ocon of France, Alexander Albon of Thailand and Dorian Boccolacci of France.
Stockinger has come a long way from the days when his father, Thomas, brought him to the track in Carmona, Cavite to drive go-karts during weekends.
And he understands that there will be plenty of work ahead for him to finally achieve his dream.
"I have to do well and win races," said Stockinger, who will compete in the World Series by Renault this year.
"We already have the connections and I'm driving in the right series. All the foundations are there. It's just a matter of putting it all together."
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cheats | faqs | screens | forums | xboxlive hub | gamertags | leaderboard
BackgroundTake your Avatar to new heights with Snoopy and the rest of the Peanuts gang, for the aerial duel of the century! Master the single player and co-op challenges between root beers at the Officers Club, then try your skills online in 9 different solo and team games. With simple flight controls and a hangar full of customizable planes and weapons, all you need are nerves of steel to climb the Leaderboards and become a Flying Ace. There are no refunds for this item. Official Website
Recent threads
chancehammond828 and 16 others own Snoopy Flying Ace
Sindrak played Snoopy Flying Ace
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- Genre: Action - Air
- Developer: Smart Bomb Interactive
- Publisher: Microsoft Game Studios
Released North America Jun 2, 2010


text:
The Flight International blog provides you a different perspective of the world of aviation. From authoratative commentary on the latest news, to highlighting the interesting or more bizarre stories from around the world, our aim is to provide another perspective on the aviation industry.
About this Blog
By Stuart Clarke on 1 July, 2005 in Uncategorised
About Stuart Clarke
2 Responses to About this Blog
Graham Dives 29 July, 2008 at 2:52 pm #
Hi, is there someone who remembers Flight Magazine back in the early 60s (maybe even the late 50s). English Electric Aviation ran a series of advertisements for the Lightning which included a fold-out colour photo of, I guess, an F1 in the air. Although I have several copies of the magazine from that era (the one with the Frank Munger cutaway comes to mind)I do not have a magazine with the said adversement. Any ideas as to how I could obtain a copy?
Many thanks,
Graham Dives
(Warton apprentice 1961-1967)
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One of the best songs I have ever heard....having two kids that are growing up faster than we can keep up with really makes it hit home. Nice work Dale. I've always wanted to know who sings the harmony? It's beautiful. Great song it should be on someones CD.
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Inter Milan's title defence of the UEFA Champions League is hanging by a thread after the Italians suffered a 5-2 thrashing at home to Schalke 04 in their quarter-final first leg today. In a thrilling game Inter twice took the lead, but saw their defensive frailties ruthlessly exposed and even finished with ten men as Cristian Chivu was sent off for the second game in a row.
Dejan Stankovic, with possibly the goal of the season, and Diego Milito had both put the hosts in front. But Joel Matip, Edu with two, and Raul with his 70th Champions League strike and an Andrea Ranocchia own goal gave the Germans a near unassailable lead to take back to Gelsenkirchen next week. The result continued Inter boss Leonardo's miserable run of having never won at home in the Champions League as a coach in six attempts.
"We are just really happy, we worked well as a team, everyone helping each other and you saw that in the result," said Schalke captain and goalkeeper Mauel Neuer. "I have never experienced a team scoring five goals in a game like this. To happen at Inter is just incredible."
Inter captain Javier Zanetti wasn't quite ready to throw in the towel just yet. "This is football, we started well in the second half and then we had a black-out," he said. "Now we have to think about the league, we need to recover some energy and concentration. We're calm and serene, we'll keep going forward with our heads held high and anyway, you never know in football."
A pulsating first half began with a stunning goal after just 27 seconds. Schalke goalkeeper Manuel Neuer came charging out of his area to meet the ball with a crowd-pleasing flying header to clear, but Stankovic, just a couple of yards inside the Germans' half, adjusted his body quickly and on the volley sent the ball straight back over the Schalke captain's head and into the open goal.
Schalke were level on 17 minutes as Kyriakos Papadopoulos had a free header from a corner, but although his effort was weak and Julio Cesar stopped it with his feet, the ball broke kindly to Matip to blast home from close range. Cesar then came to Inter's rescue as he saved again with his feet when Jose Jurardo met a deflected Jefferson Farfan cross full on the volley.
The hosts went back in front on 34 minutes from a lovely move as Wesley Sneijder stood the ball up to the back stick and Esteban Cambiasso put a cushioned header back into the danger zone where Milito volleyed home.
On 40 minutes Edu ran onto an inch-perfect through ball and although his initial shot was deflected, it almost deceived Cesar who could only weakly parry allowing the Brazilian to slide in the follow-up from a tight angle.
Second-half stunners
Attacks had been on top in the first 45 minutes and they were again after the restart as Milito got in behind the Schalke backline, but surprisingly failed to hit the target. Samuel Eto'o then danced through the visiting defence, but Neuer pulled off a one-handed save to deny the Cameroon captain.
And yet it was Schalke who took control as Farfan slipped in Raul who held off Andrea Ranocchia and shot past Cesar on 53 minutes. Four minutes after that Ranocchia inadvertently directed a Jurardo cross past his own goalkeeper as Inter started to implode.
Their task became even more complicated as Chivu, who had also been dismissed against AC Milan on Saturday, received his marching orders on 62 minutes for a second booking in quick succession. Moments later Jurardo pinged a skimming low shot off the base of the post with Cesar beaten.
With a quarter of an hour left Farfan danced through Inter's demoralised backline and although Cesar saved, the Peru flyer shot his follow-up against Ranocchia and onto the post. Inter didn't survive for long though as a few seconds later Edu curled home a killer fifth that may render the second leg a formality.


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GRESHAM -- A Portland man barely escaped getting run over by a MAX train Tuesday and said he can t believe he s alive.
Now Ian Sutherland said he wants to share an important message about safety.
Sutherland told KGW he was getting off the MAX platform at 181st and Burnside on his way to work and didn t notice that a train was heading toward him.
He was wearing his ear phones and clipped his feet into his bicycle pedals, then looked up to see the train at the last moment.
I thought I was going to die. I sincerely thought I was going to die, Sutherland, 29, said.
Sutherland said he had just enough time to unclip and push himself back. The train still grazed one side of his body, but it wasn t a direct hit due to that split-second move.
If I had been a few more inches I'm sure my legs would have been pulled underneath that train, he added.
The impact threw Sutherland from the crosswalk to the center of a nearby intersection. Maryellen Gisi was working on that Max platform Tuesday morning.
It was horrifying to watch. That's the only way to put it, it was really traumatic. I've never seen anything like that and I hope to never see anything like that again, said Gisi.
Besides a bruised backside, Sutherland is doing okay.
Now he wants to warn people about the danger of wearing earphones near busy roads or train tracks.


text:
OLYMPIA, Wash. - The Shell Oil Co. refinery east of Anacortes has come up short in an oil response preparedness inspection.
According to a state Ecology Department news release, the company was ordered Monday to correct a number of deficiencies immediately.
State inspectors say the refinery was not following the equipment readiness program in its legally required oil spill preparedness plan. They also wrote that the refinery lacked maintenance records for response equipment, nor could operators verify the location and condition of some of that gear.
A refinery spokesman, Brian Sibley, says Shell officials are talking with Ecology representatives on what steps to take. He won't say whether the company accepts or disagrees with the findings.


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And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
This sea-worthy pendant necklace features a nautical rope tied into a beautiful sailing knot. Each pendant hands from an 18' fine, silver-filled chain. The raw porcelain has been high fired to maintain the exceptional purity and durability of the pieces. The pendant measures approximately 1'' x 2.5''.
Shipping: This product ships from the maker within 14 days, via USPS
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National League
Pirates' Playoff Berth Cleanses Demons, Celebrates The Now
From the jaws of even more heartache, the Pirates pulled out a gem at Wrigley Field's historic home plate. Then, a short time later, the celebration was on as the Washington Nationals lost and the Pirates were assured post-season action.
Excited Fans Buying Up Pirates' Playoffs Gear
It was the "out" call heard around the National League. The Pirates not only won the game in Chicago, but the Washington Nationals lost to the Saint Louis Cardinals.
Where Should The Pirates Put Cole In October?
PITTSBURGH (93-7 THE FAN) — If the Pirates are good enough these last couple weeks to forgo that dreaded pigtail game in the National League playoffs, it's quite clear Francisco Liriano and A.J. Burnett, in an order yet to be determined, would get the nod to open the NLDS. But should rookie Gerrit Cole, instead of working from the bullpen, be given the chance to follow?
Pirates Post-Season Tickets
If you're looking to buy tickets for Pirates post-season games, here's what you need to know.
Local Business Continues To Boom With Sold Out Game
PNC Park was packed again for another home game, which made local business owners very happy.
Bucs Avoid Key Loss; LF Marte Stays, RF Presley Demoted
PITTSBURGH (93-7 THE FAN) — At 70-47 the Pirates have been a great team, but they are not necessarily a deep one, so fans surely breathed a sigh of relief when the team announced today left fielder Starling Marte will not go on the disabled list.
Pirates Becoming Poster Children For Small-Market Success
PITTSBURGH (93-7 THE FAN) — The Pirates, to borrow a popular lyric from the rapper Drake, "started from the bottom, now [they're] here." But how did they get to the pinnacle of the National League, recording win No. 70 faster than any Pirate team since 1972?
Who Is The MVP Of Your 2013 Pirates?
PITTSBURGH (93-7 THE FAN) — There are a number of reasons the Pirates have been the talk of Major League Baseball in 2013, so determining the team MVP is no easy debate.
Sports Verdict: Which Team Has A Better Shot At Making The Playoffs? Pirates Vs. Orioles
Both the Baltimore Orioles and the Pittsburgh Pirates are enjoying quality seasons midway through this year. With each team presenting a legitimate threat to make the playoffs in their respective leagues, the question is, which is most likely to achieve that goal?
Sports Verdict: Which Team Has The Better All-Star Game Roster? AL Vs. NL
With the two leagues set to square off in their annual exhibition featuring its greatest stars on July 16, all eyes will be on Citi Field. With home field advantage during the World Series on the line, the question very simply put is, can the National League maintain its grip on the contest for the fourth straight year?
Bucs Knocked Out Of Playoff Race
NEW YORK (AP) David Wright's record-breaking hit was a little dribbler toward third base, ugly enough to prompt plenty of ribbing from his New York Mets teammates.
No Default Batting Title For McCutchen
NEW YORK (AP) Major League Baseball appears unlikely to interfere if Melky Cabrera wins the NL batting title while serving his 50-game suspension for a positive drug test.
Alvarez Named NL Player Of The Week
PITTSBURGH (93-7 THE FAN) — Pirates third baseman Pedro Alvarez has been named National League Player of the Week for the period ending Sunday, as announced by Major League Baseball not long ago.
Bucs: McCutchen Named NL POW; Presley Activated
Chris Gates | 93-7 The FAN — Pirates center fielder Andrew McCutchen was named the National League's Player of the Week for the second straight week Monday.
2012 MLB All-Star Game Preview
Don't let anyone fool you: Home-field advantage in baseball does matter.


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And I say, good girl's got her mind right
She been raised right, being patient I know you're waiting
from Justin Bieber (Ft. Drake) – Right Here Lyrics on Genius
Drake says that the girl has her head on her shoulders and that she comes from a decent home. The same line like "I like a bad bitch from a decent home"
He knows when the time is perfect she will come around and all he wants to do is get to know her.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Justin Bieber (Ft. Drake) – Right Here Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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ADIDAS Liverpool FC Short Sleeve Home Shirt
£19.59 Product Code 2162411
- Overview
Get behind your team this season with Adidas' Liverpool FC short sleeve home shirt, featuring an eye-catching red, white and gold design with the iconic club patch.
- Details
- UK Sizing
- Liverpool FC short sleeve home shirt
- Red, white and gold design
- Club patch
- Brand logo
- Three stripe detail to the shoulder
- Sponsor logo
- 100% polyester
- Machine wash
- Size Guide
Click here to view our size guide
- Delivery & Returns
Delivery Option Duration Price Standard Delivery 3-5 working days, M-F only. £5.95 Next Day Delivery Next working day on all orders placed before 1pm, M-F only. £12 Saturday Delivery Saturday only on orders placed before Friday 1pm £15.95 Delivery to Europe £20 Outside of Europe Click here for International Delivery Terms for overseas shipping. £25
If it's not right, return shipping is free. Find out more.


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3 items from 2014
19 September 2014 8:26 AM, PDT | Collider.com | See recent Collider.com news »
In the indie drama Fort Bliss, U.S. Army medic and single mother Maggie Swann (Michelle Monaghan) struggles to find her place in her five-year-old son's life, after returning home from an extended tour of duty in Afghanistan. When news of another deployment threatens the tentative bond she's formed with her son, she's forced to find a way to reconcile her duties as a mother with her obligations as a soldier. Written, directed and produced by Claudia Myers, the film also stars Ron Livingston, Manolo Cardona, Gbenga Akinnagbe, Emmanuelle Chriqui, Pablo Schreiber and Dash Mihok. During this exclusive phone interview with Collider, actress Michelle Monaghan talked about how she got involved with Fort Bliss, why she found the story so compelling, how intense the experience was, and how putting on the uniform really affected the way she carried herself. She also talked about her experience on True Detective, »
- Christina Radish
19 September 2014 2:59 AM, PDT | Variety - Film News | See recent Variety - Film News news »
The difficulty of being a woman in a man's world — namely, the U.S. military — is the clear takeaway from "Fort Bliss," . But it's hard not to watch writer-director Claudia Myers' solid, affecting drama without picking up on a similarly bothersome subtext about the dearth of substantial mainstream roles for an actress as good as Michelle Monaghan. Chronically underserved by Hollywood (with the arguable recent exception of HBO's "True Detective"), she gives a typically fine, flinty and effortlessly moving performance in a low-budget indie vehicle that deserves broader exposure than it's likely to receive in limited theatrical and VOD release.
A prologue set in Afghanistan's Helmand province offers a brief, persuasive survey of the horrors of war and immediately establishes how well equipped Staff Sgt. Maggie Swann (Monaghan) is to deal with them, as she calmly and efficiently removes a deadly piece of shrapnel from »
- Justin Chang
16 July 2014 6:06 AM, PDT | ScreenDaily | See recent ScreenDaily news »
Pickpocket drama from Girl With a Pearl Earring director is one of 33 film projects in development being presented at the Bogota Audiovisual Market (Bam).
Filmmakers will begin talks with potential partners in Bogota today at the fifth edition of Bam (July 14-18), Colombia's biggest film market, organised by the Bogota Chamber of Commerce and Proimagenes Colombia
The projects include Fresh, a new film to be directed by Peter Webber, who made Oscar-nominated Girl With a Pearl Earring and more recently Emperor.
The feature is being produced by Colombia's 4Direcciones Audio-Visual, which has raised nearly 25% of its estimated $2.5m budget, and centres on a teenage pickpocket against the backdrop of hip hop and graffiti in Bogota.
The project, which is hunting co-production, investors and distribution partners, was previously selected for Rotterdam's Cinemart and the Berlinale Co-production market.
More than 250 applications were submitted for this year's Bam Projects, covering films in »
- firstname.lastname@example.com (Michael Rosser)
3 items from 2014
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- Discover CSUB
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2015-2016 Housing Application is UP!
Welcome! We, at CSUB Student Housing & Residence Life, look forward to your application. The application for housing is an online application and is easy to complete. We want to make your application process to housing go as smoothly as possible, so we have listed the links below for you to navigate around and to assist in answering any questions you may have.
New Students - Students who are interested in on-campus housing will need to pay $350 to reserve your room for the upcoming academic year. The $350 consists of the $50 Non-Refundable application fee and $300 Down Payment. The $350 must be paid in full in order to complete your application and to reserve your spot in Housing.
Returning Students - Students currently living in Housing, who are interested in living in Housing during the next academic year, the $50 Non-Refundable application fee is waived for you but you must pay the $300 Down Payment in order to complete your application and reserve your spot in Housing for next year.
Student Housing East Room and Suite Options:
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Lend your name to our petition to tell the new Congress that Alzheimer's matters to Latinos
Learn More
Latinos are about 1.5 times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than whites.
The number of Latinos with Alzheimer's disease is predicted to grow 600 percent by 2050.
About Us
About LatinosAgainstAlzheimer's
LatinosAgainstAlzheimer's is the nation's first-ever coalition of national Latino organizations focused on raising awareness of Alzheimer's impact on the Latino community. LatinosAgainstAlzheimer's works to raise the profile of Alzheimer's disease as an urgent Latino health issue that demands the attention of industry leaders, community stakeholders and policymakers.
Convened by UsAgainstAlzheimer's, coalition members include:
The Hispanic Federation
The Latino Alzheimer's & Memories Disorders Alliance (LAMDA)
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
MANA - A National Latina Organization
The National Hispanic Council on Aging (NHCOA)
The National Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHN)
Get the facts about Alzheimer's and how we plan to stop it.
Share Your Story
Your voice helps bring Alzheimer's out of the shadows.
Join our community of Story Tellers united in their determination to stop Alzheimer's! Share your personal story, a photo of a loved one, or a video telling us about your experience.
Together, we can show our leaders in Washington and beyond why we must make finding a cure for Alzheimer's a national priority!
Stop Alz
No organization is going to stop Alzheimer's. What will stop Alzheimer's is the will of the American people. Act now.


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- Introduction
- Land
- People
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- History
Economic expansion
Progress remained slow until 1879, when the explorer Alexander Forrest reported good pastoral country in the Kimberley district. His report stimulated investment from Melbourne and Sydney and brought several parties of overlanding cattlemen 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from Queensland (1883–85). A government railway was opened in 1879, followed by a number of schemes for private land-grant railways; of these only the lines to Albany (1889) and Geraldton (1894) were completed.
At last gold was discovered. A short-lived rush to the Kimberley district in 1886 was followed by more promising finds in the Pilbara and Yilgarn districts (1887–88). Economic activity stimulated a campaign for constitutional autonomy. The British government was uneasy about entrusting such a vast territory to a population of fewer than 50,000 European settlers, and before granting self-government in 1890 it insisted that Aboriginal interests should be safeguarded. Under the supervision of an all-European board, 1 percent of the colonial revenue was to be reserved for Aboriginal purposes. This proviso was resented, and the Western Australians secured its repeal in 1897. In the same year, the last major Aboriginal resistance movement in the Kimberley district was defeated.
Under the constitution adopted in 1890, the new Western Australian Parliament consisted of a Legislative Council (nominated by the governor until 1893 and thereafter elected on a restricted property franchise) and a Legislative Assembly elected on manhood suffrage. The first premier was the native-born explorer, surveyor, and local hero Sir John Forrest. He held office for a record term of 10 years (1890–1901), unchallengeable but also lucky. A series of major gold finds, including those in the areas of the Murchison River (1891), Coolgardie (1892), and especially Kalgoorlie (1893), brought a massive influx of migrants from the economically depressed eastern colonies. The population quadrupled to nearly 180,000 in 1900. In the same decade exports increased 10-fold.
Aided by a first-class engineer, Charles Yelverton O'Connor, Forrest embarked on an ambitious program of public works. The unsatisfactory port of Fremantle was provided with an artificial harbour in 1899, and in 1903 what was then the world's longest pipeline was built to bring water from near Perth 380 miles (610 km) to the Coolgardie-Kalgoorlie goldfields. Farmers were encouraged by a homestead act (1893), an agricultural bank (1894), and tariffs on stock and meat imports. But Forrest's liberalism, expressed also by granting votes to women late in the 19th century, grated on the young democrats of the gold-mining communities. They found their weapon in the federation movement of the late 1890s. In 1899–1900 the gold-mining interests mounted a "separation for federation" campaign. However, when in July 1900 Forrest held a referendum, those in favour of federation prevailed by 44,000 to 19,000. Western Australia joined the Australian Commonwealth as a founding member on Jan. 1, 1901. By 1905 a two-party system emerged. A new Labor Party (later the Australian Labor Party), strongest in the goldfields and railway centres, was opposed by Liberals (eventually to become the Liberal Party of Australia), whose support came from the farmers and urban middle class.
1Mainland and island areas only; excludes coastal water.
|(2011) 2,239,170
|Total area1 (sq mi)
|Total area1 (sq km)
|Colin Barnett (Liberal Party)
|Date of admission
|State bird
|black swan
|State flower
|red-and-green kangaroo-paw
|Seats in federal House of Representatives
|15 (of 150)
|Time zone
|Australian Western Standard Time (GMT + 8)


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SAUDI ARABIA - Part 4 - The Overseas Refining & Market Share Investments.
Private Saudi businessmen have built up an impressive overseas presence from the upstream end to refining and distribution. They have links to key members of the royal family, and are widening their presence overseas. Corral Petroleum of the Amoudi family owns Preem Petroleum of Sweden which has moved to Morocco and other markets. Nimir Petroleum of the Bin Mahfouz family has ventures in Yemen and in distant countries such as Sakhalin in Russia's Far East and Venezuela. Delta International, a smaller but agile company, is involved in Azerbaijan and elsewhere (see Gas Market Trends).
The state-controlled Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC) is negotiating to aquire EniChem in Italy so that it could become the leading olefins producer in Europe; and at home it is raising its petrochemicals production capacity from about 35m t/y to 48m t/y by 2010 (see Downstream Trends No. 18). SABIC has been discussing with Iran's state-owned National Petrochemical Company (NPC) a joint petrochemicals venture in Iran. It has also been studying a proposed takeover of an existing aromatics plant in Thailand, a major buyer of SABIC fertilisers. The Saudi government says it will eventually sell much of its 70% SABIC stake to the private sector.
Saudi Aramco's International Division, created in 1991, is in charge of the company's overseas investments. It handles all matters from oil sales to transportation and storage, monitoring market developments and new investment opportunities, pursuing negotiations with potential partners and acquiring logistics in key locations.
In August 2001, Saudi Aramco launched a contracting service on its internet website. An electronic bulletin board lists contracts for which solicitation of interest and prequalification is open to companies already registered as contractors with Saudi Aramco. Companies can download and submit its prequalification questionnaires.
The division has been monitoring consolidation among the majors in the petroleum industry, which began in 1996 with a European downstream merger of BP and Mobil. Then came the US downstream merger agreement in 1997 between Shell and Texaco for one venture called Equilon Enterprises and between Shell and Star Enterprise (50-50 Texaco and Saudi Aramco) for another venture called Motiva Enterprises. The trend accelerated in 1998 when BP took over Amoco and then Arco.
Later Exxon acquired Mobil. For Chevron to take over of Texaco in October 2001, it was required by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to shed some of Texaco's assets in the US. Saudi Aramco bought the latter's 17.2 stake in Motiva, thus raising its equity in this to 50%. Shell bought Texaco's remaining equity in Motiva and raised its stake in it from 32.8% to 50%.
Reader Opinion
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|SAUDI ARABIA - Part 4 - The Overseas Refining & Market Share Investments.
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Hi I am thinking of getting an ultrabook for travelling and what not. The only thing "heavy" i'd like to do is play some MC how well can an ultrabook handle it? What kind of frame rate?
This is the ultrabook I'm thinking of buying....
Answer by catchatyou · Feb 14, 2012 at 09:32 AM
I think the Intel HD graphics is going to be your biggest problem. If you can find one with Nvidia or AMD graphics, you should go with that one. If you go with the Intel HD graphics, you might have to turn down some settings like smooth lighting, particles set to minimal, and turning clouds off. You might also have to play on normal render distance instead of far.
Keep all of these into consideration.
A great website that I use to see benchmarking results is http://www.videocardbenchmark.net/
ultrabooks with discrete gpu don't come by tbh
The MacBook Air used to have NVidia graphics (when it was initially released)...
Just because a GPU is NVidia or AMD, it doesn't mean it's a discrete GPU. They make embedded chipsets as well.
Answer by MrAnthology · Feb 14, 2012 at 07:20 PM
That ultrabook should be able to run Minecraft very well. My older laptop has an Athlon II x2 QL-64 paired with an NVidia Geforece 8200m GPU, and it runs Minecraft very well on fullscreen with everything turned up. You shouldn't have much of a problem with that i5 and Intel HD 3000 series graphics. I'm confident you will be able to push 30-40FPS playing Minecraft easily.
Answer by bobpopo23 · May 16, 2012 at 11:58 AM
I have a laptop with Intel graphic, it runs Minecraft very very Well aside from a little lag hear and there it runs it very smoothly with the Optifine Mod.
No one has followed this question yet.
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Great gadget!
posted 6 years ago
This is great for any pet related business owner! I can think of many uses for in home use too, who can't use an extra set of hands when training. It is such a simple design yet so effective! Vets, groomers, pet stores with canine shoppers this item is a must have! For businesses in dog friendly parts of the country may find these very useful too!
Pros: Simple, easy, necessary
Cons: NONE!
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Nine dead after gunmen storm Mexico prison: Official
Published on Jan 4, 2014 3:15 AM
IGUALA (AFP) - Gunmen stormed a prison in southwestern Mexico on Friday in an attack that left five of the assailants and four inmates dead, officials said.
Six armed men entered the prison in the Guerrero state town of Iguala by posing as public officials before firing at inmates and guards, the state prosecutor's office said in a statement.
The gunmen fooled the guard at the prison entrance by telling him they were delivering an inmate sometime after midnight.
"Once in the prison, the armed group started a confrontation against inmates and later against guards in a security tower," the prosecutor's office said.
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