text:
Narrative space and the location of meaning.
This essay presents a practical approach that focuses on three aspects of narrative space. The approach is exemplified with a reading of Janet Frame's "You Are Now Entering the Human Heart." This text is short and thus ideally suited for discussion in class. The reading of Frame's story demonstrates that space is crucial in situating literary meaning in specific cultural contexts.
Narrative, Time, and Space: From Theory to Analysis
When we analyze how narratives construct their literary spaces, we have to remember that, without such imaginative spaces, stories could, quite literally, not take place. However, while time has traditionally loomed large in the study of narrative - which is, after all, defined as the representation of a "succession of events" (Rimmon-Kenan 2, my emphasis) - space and place have been less frequently discussed, and they remain much more elusive analytical concepts (Bal 132). Mikhail Bakhtin was among the first who tried to make up for this deficiency. Bakhtin developed the concept of the chronotope (meaning "time-space") as a way of conceptualizing the "interwovenness of time and space" (Keunen par. 3):
In the literary artistic chronotope, spatial and temporal indicators are fused into one carefully thought-out, concrete whole. Time, as it were, thickens, takes on flesh, becomes artistically visible; likewise, space becomes charged and responsive to the movements of time, plot and history. (Bakhtin 84)
The concept of the chronotope does not, however, lend itself easily to a step-by-step analysis of literary space - partly, as Bart Keunen points out, because of "the minimalistic and rather fuzzy way" in which Bakthin defines the concept (par. 3).
Nevertheless, many critics accept Bakhtin's premise that we need to conceptualize space and time as interdependent rather than separate entities. Michel Foucault, for instance, posits that "it is not possible to disregard the fatal intersection of time with space" (22). Similarly, Yuri Lotman suggests that "culture organizes itself in the form of a special space-time and cannot exist without it" (133). [1] If narrative is by definition concerned with the succession of events and thus with time, and if time is intricately bound up with space, then it is inappropriate to analyze narratives without attending to the construction and function of space. I suggest that we can analyze the most important functions of space in any given narrative if we attend to the following three aspects:
a) the relationship between the places depicted in a text (similarities, contrasts, borderlines);
b) the way these places are described and perceived by the narrator(s) and/or character(s);
c) the semantic value of these places within culture (i.e. independently of the specific text). [2]
If we apply this approach to Janet Frame's "You Are New Entering the Human Heart," we realize that it is not simply a text about a visit to two museums in Philadelphia, but in fact a critical comment on American society. Frame's story focuses on the discrepancy between America's professed ideals and an everyday reality pervaded by fear, and it shows how this fear cripples people's ability to lead a good and fulfilling life.
The First Step: Getting a Sense of the Basic Conflict(s)
Before analyzing the role of space in Frame's (or any other) story, we need to get a sense of the main conflict(s) the text deals with. In "You Are Now Entering the Human Heart," the central conflict is that between love and fear - and the text seems to suggest that the motivating factor in human behavior is not love, but fear. At the beginning of Frame's story, we encounter the first-person narrator in the main hall of the Franklin Institute. The narrator considers entering an over-sized model of the human heart that is part of the museum's exhibit. However, she decides to do this later, and to first visit the Hall of North America in the Natural Science Museum across the street. [3] There, she encounters a group of elementary school children and their elderly teacher. A museum attendant is about to demonstrate to the children that there is no need to be afraid of snakes; instead, we "have to learn to love" and protect snakes (195). In order to prove that not all snakes are dangerous, he places "a green snake about three feet long" around the teacher's neck (194). The narrator sees that the elderly woman is terrified, and that she only controls her fear because of the children (195). However, when the snake suddenly moves, the teacher loses control, tears "the snake from her throat," and throws it on the floor - "because she could not promise to love and preserve what she feared" (196). Her fear, in other words, is stronger than the moral imperative to "love and preserve." At this point, the narrator, who has to catch a train to Baltimore (193), decides to leave the Natural Science Museum, realizing that there is "no time [left] to make the journey through the human heart" (196).
The Human Heart: Real and Imagined Space
This last statement is ironic, for while the literal journey through the human heart (or rather, a model of it) does not take place, the story of the teacher and the snake can be seen as a metaphorical journey through the human heart. In Western culture, the heart is considered the seat of emotions or even the soul. This image is a good example of how "[s]pace brings together the material and the abstract, the body and the mind" (Kirby 174), for the idea that emotions are seated somewhere within, i.e. located inside of us, is itself a spatial metaphor - a metaphor that pervades Frame's text. The teacher, for instance, manages "to drag the fear from her eyes to some place in their depths, where it lurked like a dark stain" (194). The fact that the teacher's fear is imagined as lurking in the "depths" of her eyes allows us to speak of "the outbreak of her fear" (195), as if fear were an animal caged within. If there is a metaphorical space inside of us, then we can also take a metaphorical journey through that space. In this metaphorical sense, then, the text contradicts the narrator's claim that the journey through the human heart does not take place.
Clearly, however, the narrator is referring to the literal heart (or rather, the over-sized model of it) in the Franklin Institute, and in this sense the journey through the heart really does not take place. Still, even this literal heart has an additional meaning, for the over-sized model of a human heart can be read as an accurate symbol for the state of the metaphorical human heart (i.e. the human soul and thus 'human nature'). If we accept that Frame's story shows fear as ultimately being stronger than love, and if we agree that this is deplorable, then the narrator's description of the model as "worn and dusty," and "already [...] punished for the day," is highly appropriate (193). The word "punished" carries with it associations of crime, sin, and penitence that point beyond a narrowly literal reading ('the heart is only a model'). Instead, it strengthens our sense that the text focuses on a moral question and examines the roots and effects of human behavior. In Frame's story, the model of the heart is literally sullied, and it can be termed an appropriate symbol because the same is true for human nature, which is governed by fear rather than love.
However, while the model of the human heart can be read as an appropriate symbol, the text also signals that, as a literal model, it is inadequate because a scientific approach to the mysteries of the human heart is bound to fail. In the Franklin Institute, a museum concerned with human civilization from the point of view of technological and scientific progress, the heart only occupies "one corner of the large exhibition hall" (Frame 193); the heart is, quite literally, relegated to the margins. According to this reading, the model may be a scientifically accurate representation of the biological heart. However, in sharp contrast to the art of storytelling, it cannot show what is human about the human heart. There are, in other words, two readings of the model that are somewhat at odds with each other. According to the first reading, the model shows quite adequately what a dirty place the human heart is - but according to the second reading, the model is at the same time unable to reveal the truth about the human heart. The symbol of the dirty heart is thus much more ambivalent than it may seem at first sight.
Museums: Contrasting Spaces and Their Functions
Interestingly, there is a similarly ambivalent aspect to the two museums that appear in Frame's short story. On the one hand, one could say that the Franklin Institute stands for human technology and thus civilization, whereas the Natural Science Museum is devoted to nature; the two museums would then symbolize the conflict between civilization and nature. The fact that the elderly teacher (obviously human) is confronted with a snake (i.e. nature) and fails to control her fear (i.e. to act in a civilized manner) would seem to support such an interpretation, since this loss of civilized behavior occurs in the Natural Science museum (i.e. in the space of nature).
On the other hand, however, the Franklin Institute and the National Science Museum cannot simply be seen as binary opposites because, as museums, they are both products of culture. Moreover, while each museum focuses on a different subject (one on human technology, the other on nature), they have the same cultural function: the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge. The schoolchildren are in the museum because the aim is to get "them young and teach [...] them" that snakes should be protected rather than killed (194). Museums, in other words, are part of the education system - which, in turn, according to the French left-wing critic Louis Althusser, belongs to the Ideological State Apparatuses. Ideological State Apparatuses are part of the private rather than the public sector, and they are thus distinct from the Repressive State Apparatuses, such as the army or the police, which are under direct control of those in power (13-14). For Althusser, Ideological State Apparatuses are contested and even contradictory sites (15-16) but ultimately embody and reinforce the ideology of the ruling class (17). Even if we do not agree with Althusser's conclusion that Ideological State Apparatuses, including museums, mainly serve to uphold the ideology (and thus the dominance) of the ruling class, it is difficult to deny that ideology and power are involved. Museums not only describe the world, but also select what is worth describing and thus implicitly devalue what is not on display. Museums are sites of ideological struggles situated in a specific cultural space.
Philadelphia: Locating Meaning in American Culture
Accordingly, we must now take a step out of the Franklin Institute and the Natural Science Museum into the specific cultural space in which they are situated. This step helps us realize that "You Are Now Entering the Human Heart" is far from fatalistically deploring the fact that the human heart is invariably dirty because it will always choose the path of fear rather than love. Instead, the story reveals that a specific societal order can create the conditions in which human behavior will tend to be driven by fear. Frame's story is set in Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love, founded in 1682 by William Penn as part of his "Holy Experiment" in popular government and Christian living (Soderlund 85-88); it is, of course, also the city in which the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were signed. However, this city of ideals, this symbol of the belief in a better tomorrow, is described in the story as a dangerous place where the elderly teacher has reason to be "afraid to answer the door and to walk after dark and carry her pocketbook in the street" (195). What was supposed to become the city of brotherly love, in other words, has turned into a place pervaded by fear. The story's point is not that fear wins over love as a motivating factor in human behavior in any given situation but that it does so in a situation where people live in constant fear. The elderly teacher already has enough to "think about without learning to handle and love the snakes" (195). The snake--a symbol of evil in Christian culture - thus easily becomes a focal point for her accumulated fears. Admittedly, we cannot be certain that the teacher would have managed to control her fear in a society that was not suffering from constant dread. However, the story suggests that, at the very least, her chances of controlling her fear would have been much better.
Conclusion: Spaces of Meaning, Meaningful Space
To analyze the construction and function of literary spaces, then, is not merely an interesting supplement to more important aspects of narrative analysis. As "You Are Now Entering the Human Heart" illustrates, we may miss entire layers of meaning if we fail to attend to the question of space. We have seen that the spatial positioning of the model of a human heart within the Franklin Institute may indicate the marginalized position of the human heart in a technocratic society. Similarly, the contrasts between the Franklin Institute and the Natural Science Museum, but also their shared function as museums within culture, highlight the complex relationship between civilization and nature, as well as that between knowledge, value, and power. The culturally significant setting of the story, finally, the city of Philadelphia, links these more general moral conflicts to a particular historical moment and the problems of a particular - though far from homogeneous - cultural space: the United States of America. [4]
Many Americans believe that the United States should be "as a citty [sic] upon a hill" (Winthrop 47)--a model of freedom, equality, and justice for all. However, the America of Frame's story is not living up to its ideals. Fear has become all-pervasive, potentially paralyzing people's ability to love. At the same time, however, the text does not depict the predominance of fear over love as an eternal and unchanging aspect of human nature. Frame's story is, therefore, not fatalistic. It does not insinuate that fear is always stronger than love and that the snake will always lead us towards evil. Instead, the story analyzes how crucially our actions are shaped by the society (i.e. the spacetime) in which we live, and that even our emotions - which we tend to locate deep inside of us - are shaped by the cultural space that surrounds us. If fear is the general currency of the day, love will become much harder to find. This is not what one would call an optimistic assessment of American society, but it is much less gloomy than a reading according to which there is no room for change at all. And without a detailed analysis of the literary spaces in Janet Frame's story, we would not have been able to locate this meaning. [5]
Althusser, Louis. "Ideologie et appareils ideologiques d'etat (Notes pour une recherche)." La Pensee 151 (1970): 3-38.
Bakhtin, Mikhail M. "Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel: Notes toward a Historical Poetics." 1937-38. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1988. 84-254.
Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. 2nd ed. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1997.
Bhabha, Homi. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
Foucault, Michel. "Of Other Spaces." Diacritics 16.1 (1986): 22-27.
Frame, Janet. "You Are Now Entering the Human Heart." You Are Now Entering the Human Heart: Stories. London: The Woman's Press, 1984. 193-197.
Keunen, Bart. "Bakhtin, Genre Formation, and the Cognitive Turn: Chronotopes as Memory Schemata." Comparative Literature and Culture: A WWWeb Journal 2.2 (2000). 22 Nov 2006 <http://clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb00-2/keunen00.html>.
Kirby, Kathleen M. "Thinking through the Boundary: The Politics of Location, Subjects, and Space." Boundary 2 20.2 (1993). 173-189.
Lotman, Yuri M. Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990.
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics. New Accents. London: Routledge, 1983.
Soderlund, Jean R. "Crisis and Change, 1675-1720." American Passages: A History of the United States. Eds. Edward L. Ayers et al. Fort Worth: Harcourt, 2000. 74-107.
Stam, Robert. "The Theory and Practice of Adaptation." Introduction. Literature and Film: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Film Adaptation. Eds. Robert Stare and Alessandra Raengo. Malden: Blackwell, 2005.1-52.
Winthrop, John. "A Model of Christian Charity." 1630. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 3rd Ser. 7 (1838): 31-48.
I would like to thank Sarah Chevalier for bringing Frame's story to my attention as well as for proof-reading this article. Also, I am indebted to Simone Heller-Andrist for her detailed feedback.
[1] Even individual words can be used to illustrate the notion that time and space are interdependent. The word within, for instance, can have both spatial and temporal meaning.
[2] Points a) and b) correspond to Mieke Bal's distinction between place and space, respectively: place "refers to the topological position in which the actors are situated and in which the events take place" and thus "the physical, mathematically measurable shape of spatial dimensions," whereas space describes "places [...] linked to certain points of perception" (133).
[3] The text does not specify the narrator's gender. For stylistic reasons, I use the female pronoun rather than the gender-neutral it.
[4] Foucault maintains that, in general, the external "space in which we live [...] is also, in itself, a heterogeneous space" (23).
[5] Advanced students may be interested in Bhabha's discussion of cultural spaces and boundaries in the context of postcolonial theory.
Martin Muhlheim, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Martin Heusser, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Martin Muhlheim is a doctoral student and assistant to Martin Heusser, Professor for Literatures in the English Language of the 19th and 20th Centuries
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Brad Richards and other non-movers
Updated: February 28, 2011, 7:50 PM ETBy Pierre LeBrun | ESPN.com
Joe Nieuwendyk couldn't win no matter what he did.
Trade Brad Richards and you shipwreck a season in which you're currently sitting in a playoff spot.
Keep Brad Richards and risk losing him for nothing on July 1.
Lose or lose. Take your pick.
So let's cut the Dallas Stars' GM some slack. He investigated the market, set the bar really high for what it would take to rent out Mr. Richards, and when the New York Rangers, in particular, couldn't ...
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2007 SBK Road America Saturday Results
Saturday, June 2, 2007
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Mat Mladin
won yet another Superbike contest, the 57th of his illustrious AMA career, by taking the checkers in Road America's Saturday race. It was a blockbuster day for Suzuki, with the six-time Superbike champ joined on the podium by his two Yoshimura teammates,
Ben Spies
Tommy Hayden
. American Honda riders Miguel Duhamel and Jake Zemke rounded out the top five.
Mat Mladin is back to his pre-2006 form, winning almost every race he enters. The six-time champs victory in Saturday's Road America Superbike race marks his fourth in a row and the 57th of his career.
Coming into Road America tied with Spies in the championship points, Mladin started Saturday's 16-lap Superbike race in sole possession of the championship lead via his pole-position point earned in qualifying. His front spot on the grid did not translate into an easy flag-to-flag victory, however, as a poor start forced Mladin to work through the field before catching Spies and motoring forward to the win.
Ben Spies had a rocky start too, but the defending champ's trouble came before the race when he crashed during the Superbike warm-up. Spies made it to the main event but was unable to match Mladin over the duration and finished the race three seconds behind his rival.
The only podium battle in question was the fight over third, almost 20 seconds off the leader's pace. Tommy Hayden scored his first podium for Suzuki in the Superbike class, managing to fend off Miguel Duhamel for the final rostrum position. Also in the mix for third through much of the contest was Jordan Suzuki's Aaron Yates, who went on to finsih 17th after crashing in the latter laps.
Eric Bostrom
was the fastest of the Yamahas, unable to find even a top-5 pace on his R1. E-Boz's teammate, Jason DiSalvo, lost seventh-place by less than a tenth to Kawasaki's Roger Hayden. Hayden's Monster Energy Kawasaki teammate, Jamie Hacking, finished ninth, with Jordan Suzuki's Jake Holden rounding out the top 10.
Mladin's victory, his fourth in a row, now gives the Aussie a six-point advantage over Spies, as the 2007 season makes a rapid approach to its halfway mark.
"I'd like to thank my Yoshimura Suzuki crew and Suzuki for delivering such a great motorbike in the GSX-R1000," said Mladin. "The bike allowed Yoshimura Suzuki to sweep the podium today and hopefully we'll come back and do it again tomorrow."
Spies will be keen on reversing Mladin's dominance, but was satisfied with second after his problems during the day.
"It wasn't our day to win today," said Spies. "I did everything I could but it just wasn't enough. We learned some things that we can use tomorrow but after the day I've had, I'm content with second place."
Road American Saturday Superbike Results:
1. Mathew Mladin (Suzuki)
2. Ben Spies (Suzuki) +3.158
3. Tommy Hayden (Suzuki) +19.595
4. Miguel Duhamel (Honda) +19.622
5. Jake Zemke (Honda) +21.053
6. Eric Bostrom (Yamaha) +32.313
7. Roger Hayden (Kawasaki) +44.756
8. Jason DiSalvo (Yamaha) +44.795
9. Jamie Hacking (Kawasaki) +46.278
10. Jake Holden (Suzuki) +58.267
Superbike Championship Points:
1. Mat Mladin - 276
2. Ben Spies - 270
3. Miguel Duhamel - 224
4. Tommy Hayden - 209
5. Jake Zemke - 207
Formula Xtreme
The Formula Xtreme race featured a down-to-the-wire battle between the two top riders in the points, Erion Honda's Josh Hayes and Attack Kawasaki's Steve Rapp. Both riders shared the lead at various times in the 10-lap race, but it was Hayes who emerged as the victor, with the Mississippian claiming the fourth consecutive win in his Formula Xtreme title defense.
Joining Hayes and Rapp on the podium was a new name, Martin Cardenas, who edged out the usual podium suspect, Erion Honda's Aaron Gobert. The fourth-place finish for Gobert breaks a three-race string of seconds to his teammate's firsts. Ducati's Larry Pegram rounded out the top 5.
Road America Formula Xtreme Results:
1. Josh Hayes (Honda)
2. Steve Rapp (Kawasaki) +0.440
3. Martin Cardenas (Suzuki) +1.384
4. Aaron Gobert (Honda) +1.749
5. Larry Pegram (Ducati) +6.591
6. Martin Craggill (Ducati) +6.652
7. Ben Attard (Kawasaki) +9.483
8. Ryan Andrews (Honda) +18.526
9. Cory West (Yamaha) +24.086
10. Chad Herrmann (Suzuki) +39.158
Formula Xtreme Championship Points:
1. Josh Hayes - 177
2. Steve Rapp - 152
3. Aaron Gobert - 123
4. Larry Pegram - 113
5. B. Fong – 95
2007 AMA Pro Road Racing Gallery
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AMA Superbike Rider Bios
Ben Bostrom
Ben Bostrom has truly rode his way to international stardom. After winning the hearts of American race fans, Ben took his show overseas.
Larry Pegram Bio
Larry Pegram was born in Columbus Ohio and has been racing as a professional since 1988.
Jake Zemke Bio
All the hard work paid off in 2008 when Jake won his first AMA Superbike series championship by claiming the Formula Xtreme title that has eluded him for all these years.
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A few short weeks ago, I was elected to Chair the US Pirate Party, by the State Advisory Board. So now, I'll hopefully give us a plan to work forward from here, and leave us, at the end of the year, better, stronger and more productive than before. In my candidacy, I made a few promises I want... Read more
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The United States Pirate Party is overjoyed that both Net Neutrality and Community Broadband measures passed the FCC today. The Net Neutrality proposal comes from almost 8 years of wrangling with the FCC, starting from research in 2007 that showed Comcast to be interfering wi... Read more
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Manny proves drawing power
LAS VEGAS—It wasn't a sellout, but Pacquiao-Bradley did good enough at the gates Saturday night.
There were 14,306 in attendance at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, indicating that Manny Pacquiao can still draw the crowd against any opponent.
Though Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s fight against Miguel Cotto last month drew 16,047, it was understandable as Cotto has a huge Puerto Rican fan base.
Comparing how they fare against common foes, it's clear thar that Pacquiao has the edge.
When Mayweather fought Juan Manuel Marquez, the fight drew 13,116. Pacquiao-Marquez III attracted 16,368.
When Mayweather bested Mosley, there were 15,117 in attendance; when it was Pacquiao's turn to fight Mosley, 16,412 watched.
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M16: Stars, Pillars, and the Eagle's EGGs
May 23, 2003
The Hubble Space Telescope's 1995 image of pillars of dust and gas, light-years long, within the Eagle Nebula (M16) was sensational. The three prominent pillars in that close-up visible light picture also appear below center in this wide-field mosaic along with massive, bright, young stars of cluster NGC 6611 (upper right), whose winds and radiation are shaping the dusty pillars. Made in near infrared light with the European Southern Observatory's 8.2-meter Antu telescope, this wide-field image makes the pillars seem more transparent, as the longer wavelengths partially penetrate the obscuring dust. While the Hubble image showed the pillars' startling surface details - over 70 opaque, finger-shaped lumps of material dubbed evaporating gaseous globules or EGGs, the near infrared view has allowed astronomers to peer inside. Comparing the two views reveals that nearly a dozen of the EGGs do indeed have stars embedded near their tips. More stars within EGGs may be detected if longer
Topics: Technology Internet, Space, Messier objects, Astronomy, Bok globule, NGC 6820 and NGC, Pillars of Creation, Eagle Nebula, Serpens constellation, Nebula, Hubble Space Telescope, M-16


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Coke marks centennial with projects for kids, women
popular .
MANILA, Philippines—Thousands of schoolchildren and hundreds of women entrepreneurs in Metro Manila are among the beneficiaries of a number of corporate social responsibility projects aimed at promoting children's health and support for women going into business.
The programs are maintained by Coca-Cola Philippines as part of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) for its centennial year here.
Adel Tamano, Coca-Cola Philippines ambassador, said that the CSR programs are aimed at the well-being of the people, communities, and the world.
"We want to make a substantial difference in the lives of our customers, and the lives of the communities where we serve and we operate," he said during a press briefing in Makati on Wednesday.
In line with this focus, Tamano said the company had developed four programs that it hoped would make a large impact and would be sustainable for its beneficiaries.
Juice for kids
The first program, called the NutriJuice Program, is aimed at the personal well-being of children and seeing them grow healthy.
The company, in cooperation with the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI), has developed NutriJuice, a noncommercial juice enriched with vitamins and minerals. It is given for free to schoolchildren aged six to 12 years to help them combat iron deficiency anemia, which could hamper their development.
"Coca-Cola has country-specific nutrition programs, and here in the Philippines, we've determined that iron deficiency is prevalent. The FNRI has identified areas where the risk of iron deficiency anemia is high, so that's our priority, and we choose those areas," Tamano said.
Since its launch in 2008, he said, the program has provided NutriJuice to 200,000 students nationwide, including thousands of students in public elementary schools in Marikina.
"I was there a couple of months ago when we started the NutriJuice program in Marikina, and this coming school year, we will continue that in several schools there," Tamano said.
The company expects to serve NutriJuice to 35,000 additional schoolchildren in the coming school year.
Sari-sari stores
Another CSR program the company developed is the Sari-Sari Store Training and Access to Resources (STAR) Program which, according to Tamano, aims to strengthen the entrepreneurship skills of women.
Tamano noted that some 60 percent of Coca-Cola Philippines' product sales come from traditional retail or sari-sari stores, and that about 90 percent of those stores are established and run by women.
"It's really a recognition of how important women are, not just to our business, but how important women are as an engine of economic growth for the Philippines, that we embarked on this program," he said.
Gilda Patricia Maquilan, manager of the company's government and industry affairs section, said that the STAR program provides women sari-sari store owners with basic entrepreneurship training, access to capital and merchandising, peer mentoring and nurturing until their businesses become stable.
Empowerment targets
The program is part of Coca-Cola's global push to empower 5 million women entrepreneurs by 2020, with the Philippines pledging to empower 100,000 women sari-sari store owners by that year.
To date, Maquilan said the company said that 10,000 women have enlisted or have finished the program.
"While our other projects are located in rural areas, the STAR program is mostly implemented in key cities. Here in Metro Manila, we have women from Manila and Pasay City who are under the program or have graduated from it," she said.
The company's two other programs are more focused on the countryside.
The Little Red Schoolhouse project, aimed at improving access to primary education for poor children and remote areas in the country, turned over its 100th school in November last year.
Tamano said the company is working to build 10 more schoolhouses this year, in partnership with the Philippine Business for Social Progress. It recently turned its 101st schoolhouse in Sta. Rosa, Laguna.
Ram pumps
Finally, Coca-Cola is also promoting environmental well-being through its Agos (flow) Ram Pump, where the company installs a ram pump, a 200-year-old technology for pumping water uphill through kinetic energy, in upland communities where there are no nearby sources of fresh water.
The company, in partnership with Earth Day Network and Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation Inc., which won a Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2011 for pioneering the use of ram pumps, has already installed 25 pumps in upland communities since 2011.
The company has committed to install 100 pumps by 2014.
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Dead or Alive 3
- Platforms: Xbox
- Developer: Team Ninja
- Publisher: TecmoKoei
- Genre: Fight
- VN:F [1.9.22_1171]User Score: 0 votes
- Add to MyGames
Dead or Alive 3, the latest installment in the popular fighting series from Tecmo, is available exclusively for Xbox. Dead or Alive 3 offers a host of new features, including new characters, lighting effects, muscle and clothing movement, interactive environments and more. Players can choose from a variety of new and returning characters to engage in hours upon hours of frenzied fighting. Up to four players can battle it out in multiplayer mode while single-player mode offers many expansive levels to explore
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Dead or Alive 3
I couldn't stop drooling whenever I kicked out some weird amazing move (triple somersault, through the legs, gripping arm, inverted backward somersault, pulling hair and doing a 65 damage combo, now that's what I call action). DAO3 will certainly get some people killed of starvation
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continued "This could still have a strong economic impact on Baldwinsville," Kotzin said, adding those opposed to the budget cuts should contact the governor's office to voice their disapproval.
The economical impact isn't the only concern. The canal system has an aging infrastructure, which is more than 100 years old. Kotzin said those employees that are being laid off have the knowledge and experience to maintain the system.
"This creates significant safety concerns," he said. "When the season gets busy, they need all hands on deck – they aren't going to have the staff to maintain the locks. Stuff is breaking down and they don't have the people to fix it."
Baldwinsville Mayor Joseph Saraceni agreed.
"We want to ensure that this historic piece of New York State is maintained," Saraceni said.
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|Half Baths
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
A large, four bedroomed villa on the Vale de Milho golf village and country club on the hills just outside of Carvoeiro and overlooking the Atlantic coast in the Algarve, Portugal. Casa Malva Rosa is in one of the largest gardens on the golf village development. It is about two hundred metres from the golf clubhouse and first tee. It has good views of the sea from the roof terracing and is furnished to a high standard. The villa's design, coupled with excellent construction quality and furnishings, provide practical and comfortable accommodation. The terracing surrounds a large, private swimming pool, with separate paddling area, all of which can be heated if required.
The location could not be better, being close to all the amenities one could wish for during a holiday but also being in a quiet, residential area for peaceful relaxation in and around the villa. This villa will, therefore, be suitable no matter what holiday interests clients may have.
Golf: For golfers, all of the Algarve's championship golf courses are close to Carvoeiro. The nearest are the courses at Penina, Alvor and Palmares but Vale de Lobo, Quinta da Lago, Villamoura and Parc de Floresta are all within a half hour drive. Apart from the Vale de Milho course, Carvoeiro also has two other courses Pinta and Gramacho
Other activities: Carvoeiro has its own international tennis club, The Carvoeiro Clube de Tennis, and a number of smaller tennis clubs for the less experienced players. Horse riding, ranging from one to two hour rides up to full day Algarve treks for both novice and experienced riders, can be arranged at the riding club within walking distance of the villa. Naturally a whole range of water sports, including wind surfing, water skiing, scuba diving and deep sea fishing, are provided in the region. Walkers will not be disappointed either. The spectacular cliff walks are possibly best enjoyed in the evenings during the wonderful Algarve sunsets.
Other places of interest: Carvoeiro is within fifteen minutes of the major shopping centre, and fishing port, of Portimao and within thirty minutes of the mountains of Monchique and the famous spa - Caldas de Monchique. Just above Monchique is Foia, the highest point in the Algarve, which on a clear day provides spectacular views of the whole Algarve coast as well as Portugal's more northern regions and west coast. Excellent chicken piri piri restaurants and interesting souvenir and craft shops can be found along the mountain roads leading to Monchique and Foia.
A few miles out of Carvoeiro are two of Europe's largest water slide parks - Slide 'n' Splash and The Big One. If you have children either, or both, of these parks should not be missed. A trip to Zoomarine (about twenty minutes drive east) to see the dolphins, seals, sea lions and parrots is also a must for children.
The village beach is ideal for children with clean, gently sloping sand and several good beach bars.
We are a mature couple who have lived in Cambridgeshire all of our married lives. We have two grown up and married daughters and currently two grandsons. Gary has worked in the IT Services industry most of his working life running his own IT outsourcing company for many years and having worked as an outsourcing executive for IBM for 20 years. He retired in 2014.
Gary or Gill Harwood purchased this villa in 1988
We fell in love with the Algarve region in Portugal in 1982. We decided to buy a second home in the Algarve in 1985 and, having visited Carvoeiro several times, bought a plot of land on a soon to be new golf course in the summer of 1988. We worked with a local architect and builder to design our dream home in the sun and it was eventually completed in April 1990.
Carvoeiro is a wonderful old Algarvian fishing village that has expanded over the last 25 years to become a thriving small town with a fantastic number of exceptional restaurants serving dishes from almost every region of the world. Whilst it is now the home of a few hotels, most of the developments in and around the town are low rise, villa properties. As a result the town has retained its friendly, community conscious feeling where the locals, the international visitors and the permanent foreign residents exist in true harmony. We love the place - and have had many many happy times in Carvoeiro, both by ourselves and with friends and family, during the last 25 years.
We returned to Vale de Milho for a second time and although we had a great holiday we were very disappointed with this villa. The villa certainly did not live up to its ' luxury ' description. Having stayed in several fantastic villas previously we found Casa Malva Rosa a let down in many respects. Overall the villa was very poorly equipped. The poolside furniture was tired and parasols were broken (thankfully , the agent replaced them). There was a lack of kitchen equipment and what was there was needing renewed. Similarly, the towels were old and bleach stained and there were not enough of them for a party of 8. The villa needs air conditioning, despite the owner's assurance that electric fans kept the villa cool (most of them had also seen better days!).
On the positive side the maid provided a good service and the childrens section of the pool was great. Vale de Milho is within easy reach of several good restaurants and the centre of Carvoiero is not too far away.
We would not recommend this villa as there are others offering a far higher standard in the area.
Carvoeiro retains all of its Algarvian charm as a friendly Portuguese fishing village whilst, at the same time, it has been sympathetically developed in recent years to cater for the growing international community that live in and around the village as well as the many holiday makers that select the area to stay in year after year. It is regarded by many as one of the nicest locations in the Algarve and, thanks to careful planning by local developers and the strict building controls enforced, has not been infiltrated by the ugly, haphazard, high rise, concrete monstrosities seen in the more easterly parts of the region and in Southern Europe generally.
Carvoeiro village has a wide variety of shops where everything for day to day living can be obtained. It also boasts approximately one hundred restaurants and bars to suit all tastes in and around the village. The village beach is clean and popular. Within a few minutes drive of Carvoeiro many other excellent beaches can be found
Golf: The golf courses in the Algarve are world famous and most golfers will know of many of them so we have neither listed nor described them. Suffice it to say that all of them are within a short drive of Carvoeiro. Carvoeiro itself boasts three golf courses – the nine hole at Vale de Milho, where Casa Malva Rosa is situated, and the eighteen and nine hole courses on the other side of the village.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Mid 1
Apr 1 2015 - Jun 30 2015
7 night minimum stay
High 1
Jul 1 2015 - Aug 31 2015
7 night minimum stay
Mid 2
Sep 1 2015 - Oct 31 2015
7 night minimum stay
Low 2
Nov 1 2015 - Dec 14 2015
7 night minimum stay
High 2
Dec 15 2015 - Jan 11 2016
7 night minimum stay
|No additional mandatory fees
For bookings longer than one week we offer the following discounts - 1 to 2 weeks 10% discount, 2 to 3 weeks 20% discount and over 3 weeks 25% discount off the total villa rental charge. In the low seasons only the rental rates are for occupancy of between one and four people. An additional 25.00 per person per week is charged if occupancy in these seasons exceeds four people.
50% of the total due at time of booking and 50% at least 3 weeks before rental period commences. If rental period less than 1 month away from date of booking then 100% at time of booking. If pool heating is required this is charged at £13 per day. Refundable breakages/damages deposit is £30 per person.
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (GBP) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.


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The American Heart Association has issued a policy statement urging physicians to address unhealthy habits among patients such as smoking and poor nutrition as intensively as hypertension, high cholesterol and other heart disease markers. The AHA said doctors must adopt the "five A's" approach, which includes assessment of risky behavior, advising change and arranging follow-up. The statement appears in the journal Circulation.
View Full Article in:HealthDay News · MedPage Today (free registration)
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Psalms Volume 1: Encountering God - eBook
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The book of Psalms opens our hearts and eyes to the presence, power, and character of God. In this ancient prayer book we discover how to connect with the One who loves us more than we dare to dream. 6 Sessions with Leader's NotesSessions with Leader's Notes
Product Information
|Format: DRM Protected ePub
Vendor: Zondervan
Publication Date: 2009
Availability: In Stock
Series: New Community
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Bill Hybels is the founding and senior pastor of Willow Creek Community Church in South Barrington, Ill., and chairman of the board for the Willow Creek Association. The bestselling author of more than twenty books, including Leadership Axioms, Holy Discontent, Just Walk Across the Room, The Volunteer Revolution, and Courageous Leadership, and classics such as Too Busy Not to Pray and Becoming a Contagious Christian, Hybels is known worldwide as an expert in training Christian leaders to transform individuals and their communities through the local church. He and his wife, Lynne, have two adult children and two grandsons, Henry and Mac.
Kevin and Sherry Harney serve at Shoreline Community Church in Monterey, California. They have authored Finding a Church You Can Love and Loving the Church Youve Found and more than sixty small group Bible Studies. Learn more at: kevingharney.com and sherryharney.com
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MikeWisconsinAge: 55-65Gender: male5 Stars Out Of 5March 5, 2012MikeWisconsinAge: 55-65Gender: maleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5An excellent study guide for our diverse adult Sunday School class.
Randall Davis5 Stars Out Of 5March 2, 2010Randall DavisOur small group has really enjoyed this study. It asks good questions for bringing the study home on a personal level, which makes it great for group discussions.
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Division of Communications, Public Relations and Marketing
The Division of Communications, Public Relations and Marketing comprises four areas:
- Marketing Services
- Communications Services
- Creative Services
- Special Events
Marketing Services promotes the public's general knowledge and understanding of the University and publicizes activities taking place at or under the auspices of the UofM.
Communications Services disseminates UofM news. The office generates news releases, responds to inquiries from the media and the general public and takes other actions to maintain a continual flow of news about and from the University to its audiences.
Creative Services produces the University of Memphis Magazine, Update and This Week. It also provides graphic design and photography services for projects handled by Marketing Services, Communications Services or Special Events.
Special Events plans many major university functions, including faculty convocation and events hosted by the president.


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They still haven't given up tomorrow
More News from Philippine Daily Inquirer
"We didn't really know what we were doing, to be honest with you," said Michael Collins, director of the documentary "Give Up Tomorrow" and founder of Thoughtful Robot, a New York-based production company.
Producer Marty Syjuco added, "It's our first film ever. In fact, when we first decided to fly to the Philippines from New York to make this film, we bought a camera. And on the flight over, we were reading the instruction manual on how to use it."
Theirs was a task that even experienced filmmakers would find daunting. They set out to film a documentary about Paco Llarañaga, who, with six others, was convicted of the 1997 rape and murder of sisters Marijoy and Jacqueline Chiong in Cebu.
Despite the conviction, Paco, who is still serving his sentence in a prison in Spain, his friends, his family and numerous witnesses maintain his innocence. He couldn't have committed the crime in Cebu, they said. He was in Manila and they had pictures and records to prove it.
For Marty, whose brother is married to Paco's sister, the story is personal. "When all this was happening, I was in Manila. Paco was younger than me, I met him in my brother's wedding. When he was first accused, I thought, he has all these witnesses, it's gonna go to trial, eventually it will work itself out.
"I moved to New York to study film and years later, Paco was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court. I was stunned. I couldn't believe that it had gotten this far. I was overcome with guilt. I knew there was this innocent guy, he was my brother's brother-in-law, he was languishing in prison all these years, and I didn't do anything.
"And so I started to ask myself, what can I do? How can I get involved? And that's when we picked up the camera."
Smuggled camera
Michael and Marty worked on the film for seven years, shooting in three continents and four countries, interviewing over a hundred people, going through thousands of pages of documents and smuggling a camera into Bilibid Prison.
Marty said, "You saw in the film that Paco wasn't allowed to testify in his own trial. That was a major violation of his constitutional right. So we decided early on to smuggle the camera into prison to give a voice to Paco. We feel that we did our job as filmmakers to tell his story."
In the beginning, the film's funding came from Michael and Marty's pockets—the two used their credit cards to travel and to buy the equipment. "We realized that we had to raise the proper funding to complete the film. To edit the film, we really wanted to work with an experienced editor in New York. It took two years to edit this film. We had to raise the funds through grants. We applied to Sundance and Tribeca and the BBC came onboard as a coproduction partner and PBS. Little by little, we were able to secure the funding the finish the film," said Marty.
The result of their hard work is a compelling film that is moving, shocking and, surprisingly, inspiring.
It isn't just one man's story—it's a riveting tale of corruption, injustice and misuse of political power.
Since its debut last year at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York where it won two awards, "Give Up Tomorrow" has played in over 50 festivals in 25 countries, winning 13 other major awards and leaving critics raving. Simon Miraudo of Quickflix wrote, "GUT is as powerful as its acronym implies—it's a gut punch."
Two weeks ago, "Give Up Tomorrow" finally made its Philippine premiere at Cinemalaya. A second screening was held a week later and CCP's Little Theater was packed with an audience that included key players in the case—Chef Rowena Bautista, Paco's former teacher at CCA who was one of his witnesses, and Sandy Coronel, his lawyer.
The film played and the audience reacted loudly as they witnessed the injustice unfold onscreen. There were groans and whispered indignation, tears and even shocked laughter at the ridiculousness of it all.
After the credits rolled, Michael and Marty walked onstage for the Q&A session and audience members rose to their feet, giving the filmmakers a standing ovation.
Marty told the audience, "We hope we can help prevent future injustice so this doesn't happen to future Pacos out there."
Visit www.pacodocu.com.
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- The stimulus was apparently a great success, "whether you admit it or not" (I don't).
- Imposing tax hikes on job creators ("the wealthiest among us") should be a subject of broad, bipartisan agreement because redistribution of wealth (ie, "shared sacrifice") is "the right thing" to do.
- The White House will allow states "flexibility" to opt out of onerous Obamacare provisions -- and replace them with a single-payer system.
Guy Benson is Townhall.com's Political Editor. Follow him on Twitter @guypbenson.
Author Photo credit: Jensen Sutta Photography


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You are here
The Co-operative Congress
Presentations and speakers
The 2013 Co-operative Congress took place at the SWALC Stadium in Cardiff, and brought together 300 hundred co-operators to share the latest thinking on the co-operative option.
Now the event is over, you can downloads slides from the weekend from our library of Congress and whet your appetite for the 2014 Co-operative Congress.
Congress at the heart of Co-operatives Fortnight.
Congress is the co-operative sector's premier event, bringing together those with a passion in co-operative action to share ideas, learn and be inspired.
The 2013 Co-operative Congress was the key event in the 2013 Co-operative Fortnight - find out all about Co-operatives Fortnight here.