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Nepal, officially the Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia.
Content imported from Wikipedia, The CIA World Factbook and Freebase under their respective licenses.
|Head of Government
|Baburam Bhattarai
|Head of State
|Ram Baran Yadav
|29,890,686 (July 2012 est.)
Nepal (नेपाल) (i/nɛˈpɔːl/ ne-PAWL[6] Nepali: नेपाल [neˈpal] ( listen)), officially the Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million (and 2 million absentee workers living abroad),[7] Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass[8] and the 41st most populous country. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest metropolis.
Nepal has a rich geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level.[9] The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.
Hinduism is practised by about 81% of Nepalese - making it the country with the highest percentage of Hindu followers.[10] Buddhism, though a minority faith in the country, is linked historically with Nepal.
A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms. However, a decade-long Civil War by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties led to the 12 point agreement of 22 November 2005. The ensuing elections for the constituent assembly on 28 May 2008 overwhelmingly favored the abolishment of the monarchy and the establishment of a federal multiparty representative democratic republic.
Local legends say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" established himself in the valley of Kathmandu in prehistoric times and that the word "Nepal" came into existence as the place protected ("pala" in Sanskrit) by the sage "Ne". This folk etymology of the name Nepal means, "the country looked after by Ne".[11]
He is said to have performed religious ceremonies at Teku, at the confluence of the Bagmati and Bishnumati rivers.[12] and to have selected a pious cowherd to be the first of the many kings of the Gopala Dynasty.[11] These rulers are said to have ruled Nepal for over 500 years.[13] He selected Bhuktaman to be the first king in the line of the Gopala (Cowherd) Dynasty.[12] The Gopala dynasty is said to have ruled for 621 years. Yakshya Gupta was the last king of this dynasty.
However, according to the Skanda Purana, a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in Himalaya.[14] In the Pashupati Purana, he is mentioned as a saint and a protector.[15] He is said to have practised meditation at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers[16] and to have taught there.[11]
The word "Nepal" is believed by scholars to be derived from the word "Nepa:" which refers to the Newar Kingdom, the present day Kathmandu Valley. In early Sanskrit sources (Atharvaveda Parisista) and in Gupta period inscriptions, the country is referred to as Nepala. The Newars of present day Nepal, the inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley and its peripheries, were referred as "Nepa" before the advent of Shah dynasty.
It appears that Kirata people were one of the first to settle in Nepal; they are said to have ruled Nepal for about 2,500 years.[17]
Nepal is first mentioned in the late Vedic text, Atharvaveda Parisista as a place exporting blankets, and in the post-Vedic Atharva Siras Upanisad.[18] In Samudragupta's Allahabad inscription it is mentioned as a bordering country. The 'Skanda Purana' has a separate chapter known as 'Nepal Mahatmya', which "explains in more details about the beauty and power of Nepal."[19] Nepal is also mentioned in Hindu texts such as the Narayana Puja.[18]
Around 500 BCE, small kingdoms and confederations of clans arose in the southern regions of Nepal. From one of these, the Shakya polity, arose a prince named Siddharta Gautama (traditionally dated 563–483 BCE), who later renounced his status to lead an ascetic life and came to be known as the Buddha ("the enlightened one"). It is believed that the 7th Kirata king, Jitedasti, was on the throne in the Nepal valley at the time. By 250 BCE, the southern regions came under the influence of the Mauryan Empire of northern India, and Nepal later on became a nominal vassal state under the Gupta Empire in the fourth century CE. Beginning in the 3rd century CE, rulers called the Licchavis governed the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding central Nepal.
There is a quite detailed description of the kingdom of Nepal in the account of the renowned Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk Xuanzang, dating from c. 645 CE.[20][21]
The Licchavi dynasty went into decline in the late eighth century, probably due to Tibetan dominance, and was followed by a Newari or Thakuri era, from 879 CE (Nepal Samvat 1), although the extent of their control over the country is uncertain. In the 11th century it seems to have included the Pokhara area.
In the early 12th century, leaders emerged in far western Nepal whose names ended with the Sanskrit suffix malla ("wrestler"). These kings consolidated their power and ruled over the next 200 years, until the kingdom splintered into two dozen petty states. Another Malla dynasty, beginning with Jayasthiti, emerged in the Kathmandu valley in the late 14th century, and much of central Nepal again came under a unified rule. However, in 1482 the realm was divided into three kingdoms: Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur.
In the mid-18th century, Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkha king, set out to put together what would become present-day Nepal. He embarked on his mission after seeking arms and aid from India and buying the neutrality of bordering Indian kingdoms. After several bloody battles and sieges, notably the Battle of Kirtipur, he managed to conquer the Kathmandu Valley in 1769. A detailed account of Prithvi Narayan Shah's victory was written by Father Giuseppe who was an eyewitness to the war.[22]
In 1788 the Nepalese overran Sikkim and sent a punitive raid into Tibet. Kangra in northern India was also occupied by the Nepalese. In 1809, Ranjit Singh the ruler of the Sikh state in the Punjab, had intervened and drove the Nepalese army east of the Satluj river.[23]
At its maximum extent, Greater Nepal extended from the Tista River in the east, to Kangara, across the Sutlej River in the west as well as further south into the Terai plains and north of the Himalayas than at present. A dispute with Tibet over the control of mountain passes and inner Tingri valleys of Tibet forced the Qing Emperor in Peking to start the Sino-Nepalese War compelling the Nepalese to retreat and pay heavy reparations to Peking.
Rivalry between Nepal and the British East India Company over the annexation of minor states bordering Nepal eventually led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1815–16). At first the British underestimated the Nepalese and were soundly defeated until committing more military resources than they had anticipated needing. They were greatly impressed by the valour and competence of their adversaries. Thus began the reputation of "Gurkhas" as fierce and ruthless soldiers. The war ended in the Treaty of Sugauli, under which Nepal ceded recently captured portions of Sikkim and lands in Terai as well as the right to recruit soldiers. Madheshis, though having supported the British East India Company during the war, had their lands gifted to Nepalese.
Factionalism inside the royal family had led to a period of instability. In 1846 a plot was discovered revealing that the reigning queen had planned to overthrow Jung Bahadur Kunwar, a fast-rising military leader. This led to the Kot Massacre; armed clashes between military personnel and administrators loyal to the queen led to the execution of several hundred princes and chieftains around the country. Jung Bahadur Kunwar emerged victorious and founded the Rana Lineage and was later known as Jung Bahadur Rana.
The king was made a titular figure, and the post of Prime Minister was made powerful and hereditary. The Ranas were staunchly pro-British and assisted them during the Indian Sepoy Rebellion in 1857 (and later in both World Wars). Some parts of the Terai Region populated with non Nepalese peoples were gifted to Nepal by the British as a friendly gesture, because of her military help to sustain British control in India during the Sepoy Rebellion. In 1923, the United Kingdom and Nepal formally signed an agreement of friendship, which superseded the Sugauli Treaty signed in 1816.
Slavery was abolished in Nepal in 1924.[24] Nevertheless debt bondage even involving debtors' children has been a persistent social problem in the Terai.
In the late 1940s, newly emerging pro-democracy movements and political parties in Nepal were critical of the Rana autocracy. Meanwhile, with the invasion of Tibet by China in the 1950s, India sought to counterbalance the perceived military threat from its northern neighbour by taking pre-emptive steps to assert more influence in Nepal. India sponsored both King Tribhuvan (ruled 1911–55) as Nepal's new ruler in 1951 and a new government, mostly comprising the Nepali Congress Party, thus terminating Rana hegemony in the kingdom.
After years of power wrangling between the king and the government, King Mahendra (ruled 1955–72) scrapped the democratic experiment in 1959, and a "partyless" panchayat system was made to govern Nepal until 1989, when the "Jan Andolan" (People's Movement) forced King Birendra (ruled 1972–2001) to accept constitutional reforms and to establish a multiparty parliament that took seat in May 1991.[25] In 1991–92, Bhutan expelled roughly 100,000 Bhutanese citizens of Nepali descent, most of whom have been living in seven refugee camps in eastern Nepal ever since.[26]
In 1996, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) started a bid to replace the royal parliamentary system with a people's socialist republic by violent means. This led to the long Nepal Civil War and more than 12,000 deaths. On 1 June 2001, there was a massacre in the royal palace. King Birendra, Queen Aiswarya, and seven other members of the royal family were killed. The perpetrator was Crown Prince Dipendra, who committed suicide (he died three days later) shortly thereafter. This outburst was alleged to have been Dipendra's response to his parents' refusal to accept his choice of wife. Nevertheless there are speculation and doubts among Nepalese citizens about who was responsible.
Following the carnage, Birendra's brother Gyanendra inherited the throne. On 1 February 2005, Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers to quash the violent Maoist movement,[25] but this initiative was unsuccessful because a stalemate had developed where the Maoists were firmly entrenched in large expanses of countryside yet could not dislodge the military from numerous towns and the largest cities. In September 2005, the Maoists declared a three-month unilateral ceasefire to negotiate.
In response to the 2006 democracy movement King Gyanendra agreed to relinquish sovereign power to the people. On 24 April 2006 the dissolved House of Representatives was reinstated. Using its newly acquired sovereign authority, on 18 May 2006 the House of Representatives unanimously voted to curtail the power of the king and declared Nepal a secular state, ending its time-honoured official status as a Hindu Kingdom. On 28 December 2007, a bill was passed in parliament to amend Article 159 of the constitution – replacing "Provisions regarding the King" by "Provisions of the Head of the State" – declaring Nepal a federal republic, and thereby abolishing the monarchy.[27] The bill came into force on 28 May 2008.[28]
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) won the largest number of seats in the Constituent Assembly election held on 10 April 2008, and formed a coalition government which included most of the parties in the CA. Although acts of violence occurred during the pre-electoral period, election observers noted that the elections themselves were markedly peaceful and "well-carried out".[29]
The newly elected Assembly met in Kathmandu on 28 May 2008, and, after a polling of 564 constituent Assembly members, 560 voted to form a new government,[28][30] with the monarchist Rastriya Prajatantra Party, which had four members in the assembly, registering a dissenting note. At that point, it was declared that Nepal had become a secular and inclusive democratic republic,[31] with the government announcing a three-day public holiday from 28 to 30 May.[citation needed] The King was thereafter given 15 days to vacate the Narayanhiti Royal Palace, to re-open it as a public museum.[32]
Nonetheless, political tensions and consequent power-sharing battles have continued in Nepal. In May 2009, the Maoist-led government was toppled and another coalition government with all major political parties barring the Maoists was formed. [33]Madhav Kumar Nepal of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) was made the Prime Minister of the coalition government.[34] In February 2011 the Madhav Kumar Nepal Government was toppled and Jhala Nath Khanal of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) was made the Prime Minister.[35] In August 2011 the Jhala Nath Khanal Government was toppled and Baburam Bhattarai of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) was made the Prime Minister. [36]
Nepal is of roughly trapezoidal shape, 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and 200 kilometres (124 mi) wide, with an area of 147,181 km2 (56,827 sq mi). See List of territories by size for the comparative size of Nepal. It lies between latitudes 26° and 31°N, and longitudes 80° and 89°E.
Nepal is commonly divided into three physiographic areas: Mountain, Hill and Terai. These ecological belts run east-west and are vertically intersected by Nepal's major, north to south flowing river systems.
The southern lowland plains or Terai bordering India are part of the northern rim of the Indo-Gangetic plains. They were formed and are fed by three major Himalayan rivers: the Kosi, the Narayani, and the Karnali as well as smaller rivers rising below the permanent snowline. This region has a subtropical to tropical climate. The outermost range of foothills called Shiwalik or Churia Range cresting at 700 to 1,000 metres (2,297 to 3,281 ft) marks the limit of the Gangetic Plain, however broad, low valleys called Inner Tarai (Bhitri Tarai Uptyaka) lie north of these foothills in several places.
The Hill Region (Pahad) abuts the mountains and varies from 800 to 4,000 metres (2,625 to 13,123 ft) in altitude with progression from subtropical climates below 1,200 metres (3,937 ft) to alpine climates above 3,600 metres (11,811 ft). The Mahabharat Range reaching 1,500 to 3,000 metres (4,921 to 9,843 ft) is the southern limit of this region, with subtropical river valleys and "hills" alternating to the north of this range. Population density is high in valleys but notably less above 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) and very low above 2,500 metres (8,202 ft) where snow occasionally falls in winter.
The Mountain Region (Parbat), situated in the Great Himalayan Range, makes up the northern part of Nepal. It contains the highest elevations in the world including 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) height Mount Everest (Sagarmatha in Nepali) on the border with China. Seven other of the world's eight thousand metre peaks are in Nepal or on its border with China: Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu.
Nepal has five climatic zones, broadly corresponding to the altitudes. The tropical and subtropical zones lie below 1,200 metres (3,937 ft), the temperate zone 1,200 to 2,400 metres (3,937 to 7,874 ft), the cold zone 2,400 to 3,600 metres (7,874 to 11,811 ft), the subarctic zone 3,600 to 4,400 metres (11,811 to 14,436 ft), and the Arctic zone above 4,400 metres (14,436 ft).
Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalaya blocks cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and forms the northern limit of the monsoon wind patterns. In a land once thickly forested, deforestation is a major problem in all regions, with resulting erosion and degradation of ecosystems.
Nepal is popular for mountaineering, containing some of the highest and most challenging mountains in the world, including Mount Everest. Technically, the south-east ridge on the Nepali side of the mountain is easier to climb; so, most climbers prefer to trek to Everest through Nepal.
The collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Eurasian continent, which started in Paleogene time and continues today, produced the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, a spectacular modern example of the effects of plate tectonics. Nepal lies completely within this collision zone, occupying the central sector of the Himalayan arc, nearly one third of the 2,400 km (1,500 mi)-long Himalayas.[37][38][39][40][41][42]
The Indian plate continues to move north relative to Asia at the rate of approximately 50 mm (2.0 in) per year.[43] Given the great magnitudes of the blocks of the Earth's crust involved, this is remarkably fast, about twice the speed at which human fingernails grow. As the strong Indian continental crust subducts beneath the relatively weak Tibetan crust, it pushes up the Himalayan mountains. This collision zone has accommodated huge amounts of crustal shortening as the rock sequences slide one over another. As such Nepal is prone to frequent earthquakes, a major earthquake happening within every 100 years.[44]
Erosion of the Himalayas is a very important source of sediment, which flows via several great rivers (the Indus to the Indian Ocean, and the Ganges and Brahmaputra river system) to the Bay of Bengal.[45]
The dramatic differences in elevation found in Nepal result in a variety of biomes, from tropical savannas along the Indian border, to subtropical broadleaf and coniferous forests in the Hill Region, to temperate broadleaf and coniferous forests on the slopes of the Himalaya, to montane grasslands and shrublands and rock and ice at the highest elevations.
At the lowest elevations is the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion. These form a mosaic with the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, which occur from 500 to 1,000 metres (1,600 to 3,300 ft) and include the Inner Terai Valleys. Himalayan subtropical pine forests occur between 1,000 and 2,000 metres (3,300 and 6,600 ft).
Above these elevations, the biogeography of Nepal is generally divided from east to west by the Gandaki River. Ecoregions to the east tend to receive more precipitation and to be more species-rich. Those to the west are drier with fewer species.
From 1,500 to 3,000 metres (4,900 to 9,800 ft), are temperate broadleaf forests: the eastern and western Himalayan broadleaf forests. From 3,000 to 4,000 metres (9,800 to 13,000 ft) are the eastern and western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests. To 5,500 metres (18,000 ft) are the eastern and western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows.
Nepal has seen rapid political changes during the last two decades. Up until 1990, Nepal was a monarchy under executive control of the King. Faced with a communist movement against absolute monarchy, King Birendra, in 1990, agreed to a large-scale political reform by creating a parliamentary monarchy with the King as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of the government.
Nepal's legislature was bicameral, consisting of a House of Representatives called the Pratinidhi Sabha and a National Council called the Rastriya Sabha. The House of Representatives consisted of 205 members directly elected by the people. The National Council had 60 members: ten nominated by the king, 35 elected by the House of Representatives, and the remaining 15 elected by an electoral college made up of chairs of villages and towns. The legislature had a five-year term but was dissolvable by the king before its term could end. All Nepali citizens 18 years and older became eligible to vote.
The executive comprised the King and the Council of Ministers (the cabinet). The leader of the coalition or party securing the maximum seats in an election was appointed as the Prime Minister. The Cabinet was appointed by the king on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Governments in Nepal tended to be highly unstable, falling either through internal collapse or parliamentary dissolution by the monarch, on the recommendation of the prime minister, according to the constitution; no government has survived for more than two years since 1991.
The movement in April 2006 brought about a change in the nation's governance: an interim constitution was promulgated, with the King giving up power, and an interim House of Representatives was formed with Maoist members after the new government held peace talks with the Maoist rebels. The number of parliamentary seats was also increased to 330. In April 2007, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) joined the interim government of Nepal.
In December 2007, the interim parliament passed a bill making Nepal a federal republic, with a president as head of state. Elections for the constitutional assembly were held on 10 April 2008; the Maoist party led the results but did not achieve a simple majority of seats.[46] The new parliament adopted the 2007 bill at its first meeting by an overwhelming majority, and King Gyanendra was given 15 days to leave the Royal Palace in central Kathmandu. He left on 11 June.[47]
On 26 June, the prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala, who had served as Acting Head of State since January 2007, announced that he would resign on the election of the country's first president by the Constituent Assembly. The first round of voting, on 19 July, saw Parmanand Jha win election as Nepali vice-president, but neither of the contenders for president received the required 298 votes and a second round was held two days later. Ram Baran Yadav of the Nepali Congress party defeated Maoist-backed Ram Raja Prasad Singh with 308 of the 590 votes cast.[48] Koirala submitted his resignation to the new president after Yadav's swearing-in ceremony on 23 July.
On 15 August 2008, Maoist leader Prachanda (Pushpa Kamal Dahal) was elected Prime Minister of Nepal, the first since the country's transition from a monarchy to a republic. On 4 May 2009, Dahal resigned over on-going conflicts with regard to the sacking of the Army chief. Since Dahal's resignation, the country has been in a serious political deadlock with one of the big issues being the proposed integration of the former Maoist combatants, also known as the People's Liberation Army, into the national security forces.[49] After Dahal, Jhala Nath Khanal of CPN (UML) was elected the Prime Minister. Khanal was forced to step down as he could not succeed in carrying forward the Peace Process and the constitution writing. On August 2011, Maoist Dr. Babu Ram Bhattarai became third Prime Minister after the election of constituent assembly.[50] On 24 May 2012, Nepals's Deputy PM Krishna Sitaula resigned.[51]
On 27 May 2012, the country's Constituent Assembly failed to meet the deadline for writing a new constitution for the country. Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai announced that new elections will be held on 22 November. "We have no other option but to go back to the people and elect a new assembly to write the constitution," he said in a nationally televised speech. One of the main obstacles has been disagreement over whether the states which will be created will be based on ethnicity.[52]
Nepal has also been noted for its recent speed of development, such as being one of the few countries in Asia to abolish the death penalty[53] and the first country in Asia to rule in favor of same-sex marriage. The decision was based on a seven-person government committee study, and enacted through Supreme Court's ruling November 2008. The ruling granted full rights for LGBT individuals, including the right to marry.[54]
Nepal is a multi-party system federal republic. The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 has defined three organs of the government.
Nepal is divided into 14 zones and 75 districts, grouped into five development regions. Each district is headed by a permanent chief district officer responsible for maintaining law and order and coordinating the work of field agencies of the various government ministries. The five regions and 14 zones are:
Nepal has close ties with both of its neighbours, India and China. In accordance with a long-standing treaty, Indian and Nepalese citizens may travel to each other's countries without a passport or visa. Nepalese citizens may work in India without legal restriction. However, since the Government of Nepal has been dominated by Socialists and India's by more right-wing parties, India has been remilitarizing the "porous" Indo-Nepali border, in order to stifle the flow of Islamist groups.[55] Nepal established relations with the People's Republic of China on 1 August 1955, and relations since have been based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Nepal has aided China in the aftermath of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, and China has provided economic assistance for Nepali infrastructure. Both countries have cooperated to host the 2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest.[56] Nepal has assisted in curbing anti-China protests from the Tibetan diaspora.[57]
Nepal's military consists of the Nepalese Army, which includes the Nepalese Army Air Service. The Nepalese Police Force is the civilian police and the Armed Police Force Nepal[58] is the paramilitary force. Service is voluntary and the minimum age for enlistment is 18 years. Nepal spends $99.2 million (2004) on its military—1.5% of its GDP. Much of the equipment and arms are imported from India. Consequently, the US provided M16s M4s and other Colt weapons to combat communist (Maoist) insurgents. As of now, the standard-issue battle rifle of the Nepalese army is the Colt M16.[59]
A Rs.500 banknote of The Republic of Nepal. For economic reasons, the watermark on the right still contains a picture of King Gyanendra, obscured by printing a rhododendron, the national flower of Nepal.[60]
Nepal's gross domestic product (GDP) for 2012 was estimated at over $17.921 billion (adjusted to Nominal GDP).[4] In 2010, agriculture accounted for 36.1%, services comprise 48.5%, and industry 15.4% of Nepal's GDP.[61] While agriculture and industry is contracting, the contribution by service sector is increasing.[61][62] Agriculture employs 76% of the workforce, services 18% and manufacturing/craft-based industry 6%.[citation needed] Agricultural produce – mostly grown in the Terai region bordering India – includes tea, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops, milk, and water buffalo meat. Industry mainly involves the processing of agricultural produce, including jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Its workforce of about 10 million suffers from a severe shortage of skilled labor.
Nepal's economic growth continues to be adversely affected by the political uncertainty. Nevertheless, real GDP growth is estimated to increase to almost 5 percent for 2011/2012. This is a considerable improvement from the 3.5 percent GDP growth in 2010/2011 and would be the second highest growth rate in the post-conflict era.[63] Sources of growth include agriculture, construction, financial and other services. The contribution of growth by consumption fueled by remittances has declined since 2010/2011. While remittance growth slowed to 11 percent (in Nepali Rupee terms) in 2010/2011 it has since increased to 37 percent. Remittances are estimated to be equivalent to 25-30 percent of GDP. Inflation has been reduced to a three-year low to 7 percent.[63]
The proportion of poor people has declined substantially in recent years. The percentage of people living below the international poverty line (people earning less than US$1.25 per day) has halved in only seven years.[63] At this measure of poverty the percentage of poor people declined from 53.1% in 2003/2004 to 24.8% in 2010/2011.[63] With a higher poverty line of US$2 dollars per-capita per day, poverty declined by one quarter to 57.3%.[63] However, the income distribution remains grossly uneven.[64]
The spectacular landscape and diverse, exotic cultures of Nepal represent considerable potential for tourism, but growth in this hospitality industry has been stifled by recent political events. In 2009, the number of international tourists visiting Nepal was 509,956.[citation needed] The Nepal Tourism Board plans to create a new Meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) department by end-2012 to draw business events from neighbouring countries. The yield from MICE events is estimated to be twice the amount brought in by leisure tourism.[65]
The rate of unemployment and underemployment approaches half of the working-age population. Thus many Nepali citizens move to India in search of work; the Gulf countries and Malaysia being new sources of work. Nepal receives $50 million a year through the Gurkha soldiers who serve in the Indian and British armies and are highly esteemed for their skill and bravery.[citation needed] The total remittance value is worth around $1 billion, including money sent from the Persian Gulf and Malaysia, who combined employ around 700,000 Nepali citizens.[citation needed]
A long-standing economic agreement underpins a close relationship with India. The country receives foreign aid from India, Japan, the UK, the US, the EU, China, Switzerland, and Scandinavian countries. Poverty is acute; per-capita income is around $1,000.[66] The distribution of wealth among the Nepalis is consistent with that in many developed and developing countries: the highest 10% of households control 39.1% of the national wealth and the lowest 10% control only 2.6%.[citation needed]
The government's budget is about $1.153 billion, with expenditure of $1.789 billion (FY05/06). The Nepalese rupee has been tied to the Indian Rupee at an exchange rate of 1.6 for many years. Since the loosening of exchange rate controls in the early 1990s, the black market for foreign exchange has all but disappeared. The inflation rate has dropped to 2.9% after a period of higher inflation during the 1990s.[citation needed]
Nepal's exports of mainly carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods and grain total $822 million. Import commodities of mainly gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products and fertilizer total US$2 bn. EU (46.13%), the US (17.4%), and Germany (7.1%) are its main export partners. Recently, the European Union has become the largest buyer of Nepali ready made garments (RMG). Exports to the EU accounted for "46.13 percent of the country's total garment exports".[67] Nepal's import partners include India (47.5%), the United Arab Emirates (11.2%), China (10.7%), Saudi Arabia (4.9%), and Singapore (4%).[citation needed]
Besides having landlocked, rugged geography, few tangible natural resources and poor infrastructure, the ineffective post-1950 government and the long-running civil war is also a factor in stunting the economic growth and development.[68][69][70]
The bulk of the energy need is dominated by fuel wood (68%), agricultural waste (15%), animal dung (8%) and imported fossil fuel (8%).[71][72] Except for some lignite deposits, Nepal has no known oil, gas or coal deposits. All commercial fossil fuels (mainly oil and coal) are either imported from India or from international markets routed through India. Fuel imports absorb over one-fourth of Nepal's foreign exchange earnings.[72]
Only about 1% energy need is fulfilled by electricity. Paradoxically, the perennial nature of Nepali rivers and the steep gradient of the country's topography provide ideal conditions for the development of some of the world's largest hydroelectric projects in Nepal. Current estimates put Nepal's economically feasible hydropower potential to be approximately 44,000 MW from 66 hydropower project sites.[72] However, currently Nepal has been able to exploit only about 600 MW from 20 major hydropower plants and a number of small and micro hydropower plants.[71] There are 9 major hydropower plants under construction, and additional 27 sites considered for potential development.[71]
Only about 40% of Nepal's population has access to electricity.[71] Even in this scenario there is a great disparity between urban and rural areas. Electrification rate in urban area is 90 percent where as that in rural area is 5 percent only. The position of power sector remains unsatisfactory because of high tariff, high system losses, high generation costs, high overheads, over staffing and lower domestic demand.[72]
Nepal remains isolated from the world's major land, air and sea transport routes although, within the country, aviation is in a better state, with 47 airports, 11 of them with paved runways;[73] flights are frequent and support a sizable traffic. The hilly and mountainous terrain in the northern two-thirds of the country has made the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. In 2007 there were just over 10,142 km (6,302 mi) of paved roads, and 7,140 km (4,437 mi) of unpaved road, and one 59 km (37 mi) railway line in the south.[73] There is a single reliable road route from India to the Kathmandu Valley.
The only practical seaport of entry for goods bound for Kathmandu is Calcutta in India. Internally, the poor state of development of the road system (22 of 75 administrative districts lack road links) makes volume distribution unrealistic.[68]
While the first telephones lines were introduced in Kathmandu in 1913, it was not until 1955 that telephone lines were distributed to the public. Likewise, both the telegram service and high frequency radio system (AM) were introduced in 1950. The first public telephone exchange was set up in Kathmandu (300 lines CB) in 1962, whereas the first automatic exchange was established in 1965 (1000 lines in Kathmandu). By 1995, Nepal had installed optical fiber network as well; whereas the GSM services were launched in 1999.[74]
According to the Nepal Telecommunication Authority MIS May 2012 report,[75] there are 7 operators and the total voice telephony subscribers including PSTN and mobile are 16,350,946 which give the penetration rate of 61.42%. The fixed telephone service account for 3.20%, mobile for 54.46%, and other services (LM, GMPCS) for 3.76% of the total penetration rate. Twelve months earlier the mobile penetration was 38.31%,[75] so this represents a growth rate of 42.15% for the mobile sector. However, the growth of fixed line telephony has been very low.[76] Similarly, the numbers of subscribers to data/internet services are 4,667,536 which represents 17.53% penetration rate. Most of the data service is accounted by GPRS users. Twelve months earlier the data/internet penetration was 10.05%, thus this represents a growth rate of 74.77%.[75]
Not only has there been strong subscriber growth, especially in the mobile sector, but there was evidence of a clear vision in the sector, including putting a reform process in place and planning for the building of necessary telecommunications infrastructure. Most importantly, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MoIC) and the telecom regulator, the National Telecommunications Authority (NTA), have both been very active in the performance of their respective roles.[77] Despite all the effort, there remained a significant disparity between the high coverage levels in the cities and the coverage available in the underdeveloped rural regions. Progress on providing some minimum access had been good, however. Of a total of 3,914 Village Development Committees across the country, only 306 were unserved by December 2009.[77] In order to meet future demand, it was estimated that Nepal needed to invest around US$135 million annually in its telecom sector.[77] In 2009, the telecommunication sector alone contributed to 1% of the nation's GDP.[78] As of 30 September, 2012, Nepal has 1,828,700 Facebook users.[79]
In the broadcast media, as of 2007, the state operates 2 television stations as well as national and regional radio stations. There are roughly 30 independent TV channels registered, with only about half in regular operation. Nearly 400 FM radio stations are licensed with roughly 300 operational.[73] According to the Press Council Nepal, as of 2012 there are 2038 registered newspapers in Nepal, among which 514 are in publication.[80]
About two thirds of female adults and one third of male adults are illiterate.[81] Net primary enrollment rate was 74% in 2005.[81] It is currently at about 90%.[82] In 2009 the World Bank has decided to contribute a further $130 million towards meeting Nepal's Education for All goals.[82] Nepal has several universities.
Health care services in Nepal are provided by both the public and private sector and fares poorly by international standards. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) data, Nepal ranked 139 in life expectancy in 2010 with the average Nepalese living to 65.8 years.[83][84] Disease prevalence is higher in Nepal than it is in other South Asian countries, especially in rural areas. Leading diseases and illnesses include diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, goiter, intestinal parasites, leprosy, visceral leishmaniasis and tuberculosis.[85] According to WHO data for 2010, about 4 out of 1,000 adults aged 15 to 49 had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the HIV prevalence rate was 0.5%.[86][87] In spite of these figures, some improvements in health care have been made, most notably its significant progress in maternal-child health.[88][89] For example, Nepal's HDI for health was 0.77 in 2011, ranking Nepal 126 out of 194 countries, up from 0.444 in 1980.[90][91]
Law enforcement in Nepal is primarily the responsibility of the Nepalese Police Force which is the national police of Nepal. It is independent of the Nepalese Army. In the days of its establishment, Nepal Police personnel were mainly drawn from the armed forces of the Nepali Congress Party which fought against feudal Rana autocracy in Nepal. Central Investigation Bureau(CIB) and National Investigation Department of Nepal (NID) are the investigation agencies of Nepal. They have offices in all 75 administrative districts including region offices in five regions and Zonal offices in fourteen Zones. Numbers varies from three to five members at each district level in rural districts and numbers can be higher in urban districts. They have both Domestic and International surveillance unit which mainly deals with cross border terrorists, drug trafficking, money laundering.
Capital punishment is was abolished in Nepal in 1997.[92]
In 2008, the Nepalese government abolished the Haliya system of forced labour, freeing about 20,000 people.[93]
Nepal's population has grown from 9 million people in 1950 to 26.6 million in 2011.[94] Nepal's population increased from 23,151,423 in 2001 to 26,620,809, with a subsequent family size decline from 5.44 to 4.7[7] Although the population growth recorded was only 1.4 percent for the latest census period, some 1,917,903 absentee population was noted, over a million more than 762 thousand in 2001, most being male workers. This correlated with the drop in sex ratio from 94.41 as compared to 99.80 for 2001.[7]
The Nepalese are descendants of three major migrations from India, Tibet, and North Burma and the Chinese province of Yunnan via Assam. Even though Indo-Nepalese migrants were latecomers to Nepal relative to the migrants from the north, they have come to dominate the country not only numerically, but also socially, politically, and economically.[95]
Among the earliest inhabitants were the Kirat of east mid-region, Newar of the Kathmandu Valley and aboriginal Tharu in the southern Terai region. The ancestors of the Brahmin and Chetri caste groups came from India's present Kumaon, Garhwal and Kashmir regions, while other ethnic groups trace their origins to North Burma and Yunnan and Tibet, e.g. the Gurung and Magar in the west, Rai and Limbu in the east (from Yunnan and north Burma via Assam), and Sherpa and Bhutia in the north (from Tibet).
In the Terai, a part of the Ganges Basin with 20% of the land, much of the population is physically and culturally similar to the Indo-Aryans of northern India. Indo-Aryan and East-Asian-looking mixed people live in the hill region. Indo-Aryan ancestry has been a source of prestige in Nepal for centuries, and the ruling families have been of Indo-Aryan and Hindu background.[96] The mountainous highlands are sparsely populated. Kathmandu Valley, in the middle hill region, constitutes a small fraction of the nation's area but is the most densely populated, with almost 20% of the population.
Nepal is a multilingual society.
These data are largely derived from Nepal's 2001 census results published in the Nepal Population Report 2002.
According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Nepal hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers in 2007 numbering approximately 130,000. Of this population, approximately 109,200 persons were from Bhutan and 20,500 from People's Republic of China.[97][98] The government of Nepal restricted ethnic Nepalese expelled from Bhutan to seven camps in the Jhapa and Morang districts, and refugees were not permitted to work in most professions.[97] At present, the United States is working towards resettling more than 60,000 of these refugees in the US.[26]
|26,620,000 (2011)
|Growth Rate
|Population below 14 Years old
|Population of age 15 to 64
|Population above 65
|The median age (Average)
|The median age (Male)
|The median age (Females)
|Ratio (Male:Female)
|1, 000:1,060
|Life expectancy (Average)( Reference: [2])
|66.16 Years
|Life expectancy (Male)
|Life expectancy (Female)
|Literacy Rate (Average)
|68.2% ( According to the UNDP report 2011)
|Literacy Rate (Male)
|Literacy Rate (Female)
Despite the migration of a significant section of the population to the southern plains or terai in recent years, the majority of the population still lives in the central highlands. The northern mountains are sparsely populated.
Kathmandu, with a population of over 2.6 million (metropolitan area: 5 million), is the largest city in the country.
Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from four major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolian and various indigenous language isolates. The major languages of Nepal (percent spoken as mother tongue) are Nepali (70%), Maithili (5%), Bhojpuri (3%), Tharu (4%), Tamang (3%), Newari/Nepal Bhasa (3.6%), Magar (2.4%), Rai (2.8%), Awadhi (2.5%), Limbu (1.5%), and Bajjika (1%). In addition, Nepal is home to at least four indigenous sign languages.
Derived from Sanskrit, Nepali has roots in Sanskrit and is written in Devanagari script. Nepali is the official national language and serves as lingua franca among Nepalis of different ethnolinguistic groups. Regional dialects Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Maithili and rarely Hindi are spoken in the southern Terai Region. Many Nepalis in government and business speak English as well. Dialects of Tibetan are spoken in and north of the higher Himalaya where standard literary Tibetan is widely understood by those with religious education. Local dialects in the Terai and hills are mostly unwritten with efforts underway to develop systems for writing many in Devanagari or the Roman alphabet.
|Nepal religiosity
The overwhelming majority of the Nepalese population follows Hinduism. Shiva is regarded as the guardian deity of the country.[99] Nepal is home to the famous Lord Shiva temple, the Pashupatinath Temple, where Hindus from all over the world come for pilgrimage. According to mythology, Sita Devi of the epic Ramayana, was born in the Mithila Kingdom of King Janaka Raja.
Lumbini is a Buddhist pilgrimage site and UNESCO World Heritage Site site in the Kapilavastu district. Traditionally it is held to be the birthplace in about 563 B.C. of Siddhartha Gautama, a Kshatriya caste prince of the Sakya clan, who, as the Buddha Gautama, gave birth to the Buddhist tradition.
The holy site of Lumbini is bordered by a large monastic zone, in which only monasteries can be built. All three main branches of Buddhism exist in Nepal and the Newa people have their own branch of the faith. Buddhism is also the dominant religion of the thinly populated northern areas, which are mostly inhabited by Tibetan-related peoples, such as the Sherpa.
The Buddha, born as a Hindu, is also said to be a descendant of Vedic Sage Angirasa in many Buddhist texts.[100] The Buddha's family surname is associated with Gautama Maharishi.[101] Differences between Hindus and Buddhists have been minimal in Nepal due to the cultural and historical intermingling of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs. Morever traditionally Buddhism and Hinduism were never two distinct religions in the western sense of the word. In Nepal, the faiths share common temples and worship common deities. Among other natives of Nepal, those more influenced by Hinduism were the Magar, Sunwar, Limbu and Rai and the Gurkhas.[17] Hindu influence is less prominent among the Gurung, Bhutia, and Thakali groups who employ Buddhist monks for their religious ceremonies.[17] Most of the festivals in Nepal are Hindu.[102] The Machendrajatra festival, dedicated to Hindu Shaiva Siddha, is celebrated by many Buddhists in Nepal as a main festival.[103] As it is believed that Ne Muni established Nepal,[104] some important priests in Nepal are called "Tirthaguru Nemuni". Islam is a minority religion in Nepal, with 4.2% of the population being Muslim according to a 2006 Nepalese census.[105] Mundhum, Christianity and Jainism are other minority faiths.[106]
A typical Nepalese meal is Dal bhat. Dal is a spicy lentil soup, served over bhat (boiled rice), served with tarkari (curried vegetables) together with achar (pickles) or chutni (spicy condiment made from fresh ingredients). It consists of non-vegetarian as well as vegetarian items served with non-alcoholic beverages. Mustard oil is the cooking medium and a host of spices, such as cumin, coriander, black peppers, sesame seeds, turmeric, garlic, ginger, methi (fenugreek), bay leaves, cloves, cinnamon, pepper, chillies, mustard seeds, etc., are used in the cooking. The cuisine served on festivals is generally the best.
Folklore is an integral part of Nepalese society. Traditional stories are rooted in the reality of day-to-day life, tales of love, affection and battles as well as demons and ghosts and thus reflect local lifestyles, cultures and beliefs. Many Nepalese folktales are enacted through the medium of dance and music.
The Nepali year begins in mid-April and is divided into 12 months. Saturday is the official weekly holiday. Main annual holidays include the National Day, celebrated on the birthday of the king (28 December), Prithvi Jayanti (11 January), Martyr's Day (18 February), and a mix of Hindu and Buddhist festivals such as dashain in autumn, and tihar in late autumn. During tihar, the Newar community also celebrates its New Year as per their local calendar Nepal Sambat.
Most houses in rural lowland of Nepal are made up of a tight bamboo framework and walls of a mud and cow-dung mix. These dwellings remain cool in summer and retain warmth in winter. Houses in the hills are usually made of unbaked bricks with thatch or tile roofing. At high elevations construction changes to stone masonry and slate may be used on roofs.
Nepal's flag is the only national flag in the world that is not rectangular in shape.[108] According to its official description, the red in the flag stands for victory in war or courage, and is also color of the rhododendron, the national flower of Nepal. Red also stands for aggression. The flag's blue border signifies peace. The curved moon on the flag is a symbol of the peaceful and calm nature of Nepalese, while the sun represents the aggressiveness of Nepalese warriors.


text:
HackWSU hosts students for 24-hour tech innovation blitz
May, 13 2015
Wayne State University's College of Engineering and Blackstone LaunchPad are hosting HackWSU, a 24-hour hackathon for high school and college students, May 23-24, 2015. During the 24 hours, students will write web-based software, create mobile apps or design computer programs addressing a need or innovation of their choice.
Wayne State Biochemist Andrew Feig receives Michigan Distinguished Professor of Year Award
May, 13 2015
The award recognizes the outstanding contributions and dedication to the education of undergraduate students made by the faculty from Michigan's 15 public universities.
Researchers seek to stamp out herpes simplex virus 1
May, 6 2015
With the help of a $1.8 million, five-year grant from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, Haidong Gu, Ph.D., assistant professor of biological sciences in Wayne State University's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, aims to garner more genomic information about HSV-1 and develop an understanding on how it employs multifunctional proteins to disrupt host defenses and escape immune surveillance.
Joique Bell makes $100K donation to Wayne State Athletics
May, 4 2015
Former Wayne State University Harlon Hill recipient and current Detroit Lion running back Joique Bell made a $100k donation to the WSU Department of Athletics last Thursday (April 23rd).
Commencement ceremonies celebrate class of 2015, May 7
Apr, 28 2015
More than 3,800 students will graduate from Wayne State University during two commencement ceremonies on Thursday, May 7, 2015. The ceremonies, which conclude the university's 147th academic year, will take place at Detroit's Ford Field. Honorary degrees will be bestowed upon Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and Gerald Ellis Rosen, Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. Both will receive the honorary doctor of laws, honoris causa, for their years of service and dedication to the metro Detroit community and beyond.
Report shows the University Research Corridor contributes 16.8 billion to Michigan economy
Apr, 28 2015
The $16.8 billion net impact in Michigan is up from $16.6 billion the previous year and $12.9 billion reported in the first report published in 2007. For every dollar the state invested in the three URC universities, it saw $21 in economic benefits, according to the report.
College of Engineering to showcase research, design projects at inaugural Student Design and Innovation Day
Apr, 24 2015
A solar-powered security system for boats. A swing for children with special needs that could adapt and grow with them.
Wayne State professor receives grant to improve exercise programs for people with dysferlin-linked muscular dystrophies
Apr, 24 2015
The Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences today announced that Joseph Roche, assistant professor for the physical therapy program in the Department of Health Care Sciences, received a one-year, $100,000 grant from the Jain Foundation for "Developing a Multi-Pronged Strategy for the Clinical Management of Dysferlinopathies," a project that seeks to develop better exercise programs for people with dysferlinopathies, or dysferlin-linked muscular dystrophies.
$100,000 gift from alumna Danialle Karmanos benefits Wayne State journalism program
Apr, 23 2015
The College of Fine, Performing and Communication Arts at Wayne State University has received a $100,000 gift from former Board of Governors member Danialle Karmanos '01 B.A. to benefit undergraduate and graduate students in public interest journalism.
Speech team garners highest ever national ranking
Apr, 23 2015
How persuasive are Sydney Machesky and the Wayne State speech team? Well, Machesky finished first in the nation in persuasive speaking and the team finished first in their division and seventh in the nation – the highest national ranking in the team's history – during the 2015 National Forensic Association National Championship Tournament.
Wayne State physicists celebrate the restart of Large Hadron Collider
Apr, 22 2015
Last week, the world's most powerful particle accelerator began its second act. After two years of upgrades and repairs, proton beams once again circulated around the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), located at the CERN laboratory near Geneva.
McGregor Memorial Conference Center named historic landmark
Apr, 16 2015
Designed by renowned Japanese-American Minoru Yamasaki, who also designed the World Trade Center towers in New York City, the two-story steel-frame and concrete folded slab McGregor Memorial Conference Center was built in an evolving International style, which eventually gave Yamasaki an worldwide reputation.
Apply now for Fulbright Scholar Program
Apr, 16 2015
Applications are now open for the Core Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program, which supports teaching and research in a wide variety of academic and professional fields. More than 800 grants in more than 125 countries are available.
WSU scientists develop new screening tool to differentiate tuberculosis from lung disease sarcoidosis
Apr, 14 2015
Sarcoidosis affects younger adults, especially African-Americans, and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality
Wayne State Arts professor receives prestigious Frankel Institute fellowship
Apr, 14 2015
Thanks to research underwritten with internal funding from Wayne State University's Research Enhancement Program, Jeffrey Abt, professor of Art and Art History in the College of Fine, Performing and Communication Arts, was selected for a fellowship at the Frankel Institute for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Michigan.
WSU researchers discover mercury exposure affects children's IQs
Apr, 8 2015
Prenatal exposure to foods contaminated with brain-damaging mercury has adverse effects on the IQs of schoolchildren in remote Arctic villages, where mothers regularly eat beluga whale, fish, seal and walrus, all traditional foods that are now contaminated with mercury.
Wayne State appoints lifelong Detroit musician, music scholar and composer, as chair of music
Apr, 8 2015
Dr. Norah Duncan is a professor of music in Wayne State's Department of Music. He earned an undergraduate degree at University of Detroit, a master of fine arts degree at Wayne State and a doctor of musical arts degree from University of Michigan.
Wayne State Professor Gerald Feldman named president of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
Apr, 1 2015
In his two years as president-elect, Dr. Feldman has worked with the ACMG committees that provide national guidance on issues like organizational structure and identifying conflicts of interest, which are critical as the scope of medical genetics continues to expand.
Warriors hand out 1,000 lunches at Neighborhood Service Organization
Mar, 31 2015
Nearly 80 student-athletes, coaches and staff members prepared 1,000 lunches at the Hartford Memorial Baptist Church in conjunction with the church's "Feed the Hungry" program during the morning. The lunches were then delivered and passed out at the Neighborhood Service Organization (NSO) in downtown Detroit.
WSU and the City of Detroit team up to improve community water service maintenance and treatment
Mar, 27 2015
A new study of brain networks shows why children with obsessive-compulsive disorder might not be able to 'move on'
Mar, 27 2015
TechTown hosts first cross-border healthcare hackathon May 1-3
Mar, 25 2015
TechTown Detroit will host the world's first cross-border, healthcare hackathon May 1-3, 2015. Hacking Health Windsor-Detroit invites professionals from the health care and IT industries to converge over the course of a weekend and form teams that conceptualize, design and build mobile apps and IT solutions for the health care sector. The best ideas are eligible for over $20,000 in prizes.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Pet Naturals of Vermont UT Support Cat Chews, 2.4-oz bag, 45-count
|List Price:
|You Save:
|$3.62 (36%)
In Stock
Pet Naturals of Vermont UT Support Cat Chews, 2.4-oz bag, 45-count
Pet Naturals of Vermont UT SUPPORT Cat Chews contain ingredients to support a healthy urinary tract helping to maintain proper urinary tract function and normal pH, which may reduce the likelihood of crystal formation. Also supports immune system function.
Key Benefits
- Helps maintain proper urinary tract function
- Maintaining normal pH which may reduce the likelihood of crystal formation
- Supports the immune system function
- Very palatable sugar-free chicken liver flavored chew!
- Resealable bag for extra freshness
- Made in the USA!
|Item Number
|Country of Origin
|Supplement Form
Brewers yeast, chicken liver flavor, citric acid, corn oil, glycerin, mixed tocopherols, propionic acid, proprietary bland (maltodextrin, sodium alginate and calcium sulfate) rosemary extract, silicon dioxide, soy lecithin, vegetable oil, whey
Give 1 soft chew, twice daily.
Pet lovers who bought this item also bought...
Pet Naturals of Vermont UT Support Cat Chews Customer Reviews
Rated 4 out of 5 by 21 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by MerlinandSqueaker GREAT TREAT FOR CATS WITH UT ISSUES My cat has UT issues and has been on prescription food and I always felt guilty when I gave the dog a treat and I couldn't give him one. There was one product that was great but expensive. So when I found this product it was great that both of my little ones could get treats. I am on his second bag and even though he is only allowed one a day, for him it is better then nothing. March 13, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Di552 This product is great for cats with urinary tract issues. My extremely picky cat just loved these treats. I purchased many different treats that were specific to cats with urinary tract disease, but my cat would not eat any of them. February 8, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by DonnaC She just loves these " cookies " My cat has had urinary problems for years. Two surgeries for crystals, blood in urine, slow flow, etc... She would starve before eating prescription wet food, so the vet suggested a grain free wet with cranberry, supplemented with a treat like these. Have tried three and these are by far her favorite. She has now gone over a year without an issue. January 22, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by StormsMom Finiky cats love them But you do not get many treats for the high cost. Nevertheless I will buy them again. I hope they go on sale soon. March 15, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Ozmarelda Kitty approved My cat loves these treats. And it is good to know that what I am giving him is good for his health. Love love love it!! December 3, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Vfrie My kitty is back to normal and I'm never changing foods. Prompt and cost effective I'm very happy and will order again October 29, 2013
Rated 1 out of 5 by AngelT1 My cats didn't like it Personally they just did not like it....also the price for the portion was too high. February 18, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by Zenzuki sticky and chewy type of treat I bought this item for Leo who had bladder crystal and were treated with medicine including glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) which is Adequan injection at the vet. I later bought Cosequin capsule to mix with his wet food. However, he detects Cosequin and doesn't like it. So, this treat is an alternative which has been well accepted by Leo. It's hard to know whether it helps him, as it's a preventative measure to protect his bladder. I also try to give this to Butter who may benefit from it. Sadly, she turns her nose to this treat. I don't like texture of this treat and hope it can be made with less tough & chewy. Anyhow, the lot received from Chewy.com is much better than the one I bought at a local pet store. March 13, 2015


text:
Windows Phone 7 is unlike any iteration of Windows Mobile we've seen before. From the stylish Zune interface to Xbox Live integration to brand-new third-party apps, Windows Phone 7 deserves a closer look.
IMDb for Windows Phone 7
Aside from its partnerships in the gaming world, Microsoft has teamed up with some big names to bring other apps specially optimised for Windows Phone 7. The IMDb app has a slew of new features, including daily application tile image updates, panorama views, and the ability to receive IMDb movie recommendations by shaking the phone.
Slacker Radio
One of the best radio apps, Slacker, comes preloaded on the HTC HD7 phone. The Slacker app takes full advantage of the unique features of Windows Phone 7. According to Slacker, one of these features is a 'parallax effect', which allows the foreground and background to move at different speeds as you swipe left and right. Sadly, it's only for use in the US at the moment.
NEXT PAGE: Motolingo for Windows Phone 7


text:
PEAR channel for the symfony project
WWW: http://pear.symfony.com/
NOTE: FreshPorts displays only information on required and default dependencies. Optional dependencies are not covered.
This port is required by:
To install the port: cd /usr/ports/devel/pear-channel-symfony2/ && make install cleanTo add the package: pkg install devel/pear-channel-symfony2
cd /usr/ports/devel/pear-channel-symfony2/ && make install clean
pkg install devel/pear-channel-symfony2
No options to configure
Number of commits found: 6
Remove bsd.symfony2.mk which is now unused
- Update bsd.symfony2.mk: add dependencies for package of the components which
will be used on other related ports
- Use single space after WWW:
PR: ports/181680
Submitted by: Gasol Wu <email@example.com>
Stage support for pear classes and channels in the devel category
Reviewed by: bapt, ports@
Tested with: poudriere + diff on the content of generated packages
Add NO_STAGE all over the place in preparation for the staging support (cat:
devel part 3)
- fix malformed reg file
- bump PORTREVISION
Reported by: Gasol Wu <firstname.lastname@example.com> (maintainer, for similar issue)
PEAR channel for the symfony project
WWW: http://pear.symfony.com/
PR: ports/172769
Submitted by: Gasol Wu <email@example.com>
Feature safe: yes
Servers and bandwidth provided byNew York Internet, SuperNews, and RootBSD
22 vulnerabilities affecting 52 ports have been reported in the past 14 days
* - modified, not new
All vulnerabilities


text:
Animals downsize after boosted carbon dioxide levels and soaring temperatures.
Researchers at the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) have found the breeding area of the elusive large-billed reed warbler. That's a big deal, because according to BirdLife International, the species is the world's "least-known bird." The distinction may sound ominous, but it's als...
Narwhals, known as unicorns of the sea, are helping scientists track warming sea water temperatures in the Arctic.
The estimate also comes with a price tag for describing all these Earth species, most of which are still unknown: $364 billion.
The Peruvian government claims that nearly 900 dolphins died of natural causes. A separate study disagrees.
What matters in the long-run is how truly special a species is in the grand scheme of life on Earth.
Yet another guest post from our friend Debbie Salamone of the Pew Environment Group's Campaign to End Overfishing in the Southeast: President Barack Obama will meet the new Japanese prime minister, Yukio Hatoyama, on November 12-13 -- about the same time the Japanese whaling fleet is due to de...
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text:
Visalia, Calif.
|High School:
Miller Now No. 2 In NCAA, Way hits New Personal Best
Four Athletes Set Personal Records
Four Athletes Set Personal Records
Miller, Stolt, Ealey turn in top marks at the meet, nine OSU athletes hit PRs.
Miller, Stolt, Ealey turn in top marks at the meet, nine OSU athletes hit PRs.
Personal Bests
1,000 meters - 2:23.70
1,500 meters - 3:45.59
3,000 meters - 8:04.39
3,000 meter steeplechase - 9:13.27
All-Big 12 (Scored at Conference Meet)
2013 Indoor Distance Medley Relay
2014 Indoor 1,000 meters
2014 Indoor Distance Medley Relay
2014 Outdoor 1,500 meters
2014 Outdoors: Earned a berth in the West Preliminaries after running the 1,500 meters in 3:45.59 to take second at the Arkansas Invite ... At the West regional, Vilhauer took 40th in the 1,500 meters, finishing in 3:52.13 ... At the John McDonnell Invite, took fourth in the 1,500 meters, with a time of 3:50.34.
2014 Indoors: Was an All-Big 12 performer in two events, taking third in the 1,000 meters (2:23.70), and third on the distance medley relay as well (9:49.18) ... Placed fourth in the mile at the Razorback Invite, finishing in 4:09.31 ... Took second in the 3,000 meters at the Tyson Invitational, with a time of 8:14.46 ... Placed fifith in the 1,000 meters at the KSU Wildcat Invite(2:30.78).
2013 Cross Country: Competed twice for the Cowboys, taking 14th at the Hurricane Festival, with a time of 20:56, and running a 25:45.78 at the Cowboy Jamboree to place 37th.
2013 Outdoors: Started the season with a second-place finish in the 2,000 meter steeplechase at the Tulsa Duels, with a time of 6:05.17 ... Ran the 3,000 meter steeple in 9:13.27 at the John McDonnell Invite, good enough for fourth ... Just missed out on All-Big 12 honors, taking 11th at the conference meet in the steeple.
2013 Indoors: Earned the first All-Big 12 honor of his career by running as part of the Cowboys Distance Medley Relay squad that placed fifth at the Big 12 Championships in 9:55.18 ... Season-best time in the mile was a 4:06.57 at the Razorback Invitational ... Clocked a 2:27.25 in the 1,000 meters at the Wildcat Invitational ... Smashed his previous personal best in the 3,000 meters by running an 8:04.39 at the Husky Classic.
2012 Cross Country: Individual champion at the OSU-ORU-Wichita State Triangular meet in 15:17 ... Third-place finisher at the Hurricane Festival in 20:36 ... Was 41st at the Chile Pepper Festival in 32:01.8 and place 44th at the Cowboy Jamboree in 25:58.54.
2012 Outdoors: Ran a personal best in the 1,500 meters of 3:50.11 at the Arkansas Twilight, which was good for 10th place ... Also set a personal record in the 800 meters of 1:58.18 to place fourth at the Tulsa Duels ... Finished 11th in the 1,500 meters at the John McDonnell Invitational after running a 3:51.97 ... Other 1,500 meter times were 3:54.03 at the Stanford Invitational and 4:01.70 in the preliminary race of the Big 12 Championships.
2012 Indoors: Ran twice for the Cowboys during the season, posting a season-best of 4:18.50 in the mile at the KSU All Comers, which was good for fourth place ... Ran a 4:27.49 in the mile at the Razorback Invitational to place 31st.
2011 Cross Country: Did not compete.
High School: Made the USA World Cross Country Championships in Punta Umbria, Spain, where he finished 47th ... Coached by Joe Gonzales at Redwood High ... Also competed in soccer.
Personal: Born Feb. 3, 1992 in Visalia, Calif. ... Son of Steve and Kelly Vilhauer.


text:
Follow FEMA:
Natural Gas Crews Shut Off Gas
Main Content
Photo by Liz Roll - Nov 01, 2012
Long Beach Island, N.J., Nov. 2, 2012 -- Crews work tirelessly to restore gas and power to residents here. Gas leaks prompted the gas company to shut off the gas to the entire system, likely resulting in a total loss of the system and requiring a massive infrastructure rebuild. Photo by Liz Roll/FEMA - Location: Long Beach Island, NJ


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The Boy Illinois - Cardigan Sweater
Artist: The Boy Illinois
Producer: Hero George
Album: Inhale Pt. 3
Avg Rating: 3.4 ( 12 votes )
While my wardrobe doesn't currently include a Cardigan Sweater, I may need to make a last-minute addition to my holiday wish list. Not only do they offer an unrivaled combo of warmth, comfort and sophistication, the ladies simply can't get enough of 'em – at least, that's been the experience of Booth newcomer The Boy Illinois, who pays tribute to the cardigan's enduring appeal on this standout cut off his latest mixtape. Hero George mans the boards on this atmospherically banging cut, wreathing Illinois' voice in spacey synths as the rapper drops bars laced with dapper quotables: "Will Smith with the demeanor of Carlton / and I tell the truth like (George) Carlin." G.o.D. Jewels indulges in a little more aggressive stunting on the back, challenging fellow Windy City hopefuls to "step their closets up." So, readers, has this cut inspired you to shell out for a fresh new sweater (or fish one out of your closet, anyway)? Once you're properly dressed, be sure to download The Boy Illinois' newly-released Inhale Pt. 3 for more appropriately fly tunes to soundtrack your stunting.
Written by richard on Nov 22, 2010
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The Reincarnation of Edgar Cayce: Interdimensional Communication and Global TransformationPaperback
List price $24.65
You save $8.34 33% off
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 3 business days
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: North Atlantic Books,U.S.
- Format: Paperback | 360 pages
- Dimensions: 152mm x 226mm x 28mm | 703g
- Publication date: 11 March 2004
- Publication City/Country: Berkeley, CA
- Edition statement: New.
- Illustrations note: b&w
- Sales rank: 154,636
Product description
Edgar Cayce (1877-1945) was a premier mystic/psychic of the Western world, whose many predictions about reincarnation, evolution of the soul, health issues, and Earth changes comprise a legacy that affected countless people. Cayce also predicted that he would return in 1998. The facts and circumstances surrounding the life of David Wilcock make a convincing case that he is the reincarnation of Edgar Cayce. This book draws on numerous sources to credibly explore this staggering claim.
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Author information
Wynn Free currently resides in Flagstaff, Arizona where he expresses himself as a songwriter, poet, and freelance writer. He maintains a website, www.wynnfree.com, where he posts many of his creative works. David Wilcock is a professional intuitive consultant who, since 1993, has intensely researched UFOlogy, ancient civilizations, consciousness science, and new paradigms of matter and energy. Wilcock has been a guest on numerous radio programs and has lectured throughout the United States and Japan. He is also an accomplished musician and composer of jazz-fusion, New Age/meditative, and world music pieces.
Review quote
" Wynn Free introduces compelling arguments to demonstrate his thesis. I encourage you to read this book and make up your own mind." -Drunvalo Melchizedek, Flower of Life Merkaba meditation " It answers many philosophical and spiritual questions which I have pondered for decades." -Barbara Lamb, family counselor, past-life regressionist " For those who recognize truth, this book resonates its wisdom. If you allow yourself to stretch into the fascinating realities herein, it may change your life forever." -Konrad Kaserer, spiritual leader of Unity Church of Flaggstaff, Arizona


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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
Chemong Lake Vacation Rentals Show this location only Back to top
$357 - $500 per night 3 night min stay
C$140 - C$195 per night - CAD 2-7 night min stay
Chemong Lake Travel Tips
Book a Fabulous Fishing Vacation With Chemong Lake Vacation Rentals
Chemong Lake is located in Northwest Ontario near Bridgenorth. It extends north from Fowlers Corner to Curve Lake and is part of the Kawartha Lakes water system. It is 14 km long and 1 km wide. The towns of Bridgenorth and Selwyn are located on the east side of the lake, and Ennismore is located on the west. The James A. Gifford causeway crosses the lake and connects Bridgenorth with Ennismore. Chemong Lake is part of a tri-lake area and hosts several fishing tournaments throughout the fishing season. There are several small islands located on the lake that are popular with campers. The region is a popular cottage and fishing destination. Your stay at Chemong Lake can be more enjoyable by staying in Chemong Lake vacation rentals.
Kawartha Lakes Cottage Rentals Offer a Convenient Location to Great Fishing
The Kawartha region is known as a fisherman's paradise. There are over 130 lakes in the area filled with many famous Ontario sport fish in both cool and warm waters. The Chemong Lake area is famous for largemouth and smallmouth bass. Several docks, rocky points, islands, reefs, undercuts, and weed lines are located in the area's warm water lakes, offering plenty of places to relax and fish all day long and into the evening. At night, you can continue to fish under a star-lit sky. Other species of fish you'll find in the area are walleye, muskie, panfish, perch, and black crappie. A variety of services and amenities are also available in this popular fishing area.
Chemong Lake Cabins are Nice to Come Home to After a day Full of Fishing
Chemong Lake vacation rentals help you settle in after a long day of fishing. Relax in front of the fireplace, soak in the Jacuzzi, and cook up your day's catch in your rental's full kitchen.


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Article ID: 311019 - View products that this article applies to.
This article was previously published under Q311019
This article has been archived. It is offered "as is" and will no longer be updated.
On This Page
This step-by-step article discusses the installation and configuration requirements for right-to-left languages in Microsoft Word 2002 (Microsoft Office XP) on Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition (Me), Microsoft Windows 98, and Microsoft Windows NT 4.0. This article also provides the steps to set up your computer so that you can type in, edit, and proof (check the spelling and grammar) right-to-left languages in Microsoft Word 2002.
Note Right-to-left languages include Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi, and Urdu.
REQUIREMENTSIn order to type in and edit right-to-left languages in a Microsoft Word document, you must install a localized version of Microsoft Windows for the specific language and configure Microsoft Word to type in that language.
For Microsoft WindowsMultilanguage support for right-to-left languages can be added only to a right-to-left language version of Windows 98, Windows Me, or Windows NT 4.0. You must configure the keyboard to type in that language. If the keyboard that you want is not listed by default, you may need to install additional files.
For Word 2002 (Office XP)If you only need to proof text in different languages, you can install the English version of Office XP (Word 2002) and install the Office XP Proofing Tools.
If you need the multinational features of Office XP, you need to either install a localized version of Office XP or install the English version of Office XP with the Multilingual User Interface Pack.
Benefits of Using a Localized Version:
Using the localized versions of Office may be best if your organization needs completely localized functionality and the additional content that is included with some fully localized versions. Each localized version includes at least two sets of appropriate Proofing Tools for the languages that you are likely to use most frequently (for example, the Norwegian version includes Norwegian, German, and English Proofing Tools). To expand that support to more than 40 languages, you can add the Office XP Proofing Tools to any localized version. For more information about localized versions of Office XP, browse to the following Microsoft Web site:
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/orkXP/HA011363741033.aspxBenefits of Using the Multilingual User Interface (MUI) Pack:
Microsoft Office XP with the Multilingual User Interface (MUI) Pack simplifies the deployment of Microsoft Office in a large multinational organization. Because of a common worldwide executable file that is included for each Office program, Information Technology (IT) administrators only need to create one custom installation for users in all countries/regions. The MUI Pack also includes Proofing Tools for Office XP, which allow users to create and edit documents in more than 40 languages. Multinational companies can use the MUI Pack to enable mobile users and others to share workstations, regardless of their language, and to enable centralized global Help desks to switch language interfaces on their computer screens to match the language interface of their customers. Some dialog boxes and screens may not be in the language specified.
Note The Multilingual User Interface Pack is only available through Open License, Select, and Enterprise Agreement volume licensing programs and is not offered through retail stores. For more information about the Multilingual User Interface Pack for your multinational organization, browse to the following Microsoft Web site:
CONFIGURATIONThis section provides a step-by-step procedure to configure Microsoft Windows and Word 2002 (Office XP) so that you can type text in different languages.
Step 1: Install a Localized Version of Microsoft WindowsIn this configuration, you install a localized version of both Microsoft Windows and Office XP. By default, the configuration allows input in the language version of the operating system. The menus and Help in Microsoft Office also are displayed in the localized language.
Step 2: Configure the Multilingual User InterfaceIn this configuration, the operating system is localized, which allows you to type in the right-to-left language. The English version of Office is installed with the Multilingual User Interface Pack, to allow Office to display its menus and Help in that localized language.
Step 3: Configure Office to Use the New Language Interface
Step 4: Install and Configure the Proofing Tools
Step 5: Set Word to Automatically Detect the LanguageVerify that Word is set to automatically detect the language of the text that is being typed. To do this, follow these steps:
For more information about localized versions of Office XP, the Multilingual User Interface Pack, and the Proofing Tools, visit the "Office XP in a Multilingual Environment" Web site:
Article ID: 311019 - Last Review: February 28, 2014 - Revision: 4.6


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Senate Session
The Senate resumed consideration of the motion to proceed to S.3186, the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program bill.
*The transcript for this program was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.
Bills in this Video
People in this video
- Lamar Alexander U.S. Senator [R] Tennessee
- John A. Barrasso U.S. Senator [R] Wyoming
- Jeff Bingaman U.S. Senator [D] New Mexico
- Sherrod Brown U.S. Senator [D] Ohio
- Jim Bunning U.S. Senator [R] Kentucky
- Maria Cantwell U.S. Senator [D] Washington
- Bob Casey Jr. U.S. Senator [D] Pennsylvania
- Clarence "Saxby" Chambliss U.S. Senator [R] Georgia
- Larry E. Craig U.S. Senator [R] Idaho
- James "Jim" DeMint U.S. Senator [R] South Carolina
- Christopher "Chris" J. Dodd U.S. Senator [D] Connecticut
- Pete V. Domenici U.S. Senator [R] New Mexico
- Byron L. Dorgan U.S. Senator [D] North Dakota
- Dick Durbin U.S. Senator [D] Illinois
- Michael "Mike" B. Enzi U.S. Senator [R] Wyoming
- Chuck Grassley U.S. Senator [R] Iowa
- Judd Alan Gregg U.S. Senator [R] New Hampshire
- Orrin Hatch U.S. Senator [R] Utah
- James M. Inhofe U.S. Senator [R] Oklahoma
- Johnny Isakson U.S. Senator [R] Georgia
- Jon Kyl U.S. Senator [R] Arizona
- Carl Levin U.S. Senator [D] Michigan
- Mel Martinez U.S. Senator [R] Florida
- Claire McCaskill U.S. Senator [D] Missouri
- Mitch McConnell Jr. U.S. Senator [R] Kentucky
- Bob Menendez U.S. Senator [D] New Jersey
- Lisa Murkowski U.S. Senator [R] Alaska
- Patty Murray U.S. Senator [D] Washington
- Bill Nelson U.S. Senator [D] Florida
- Harry Reid U.S. Senator [D] Nevada
- Bernard "Bernie" Sanders U.S. Senator [I] Vermont
- Chuck Schumer U.S. Senator [D] New York
- Jeff Sessions U.S. Senator [R] Alabama
- Olympia J. Snowe U.S. Senator [R] Maine
- Arlen Specter U.S. Senator [R] Pennsylvania
- Debbie Stabenow U.S. Senator [D] Michigan
- Theodore "Ted" F. Stevens U.S. Senator [R] Alaska
- Jon Tester U.S. Senator [D] Montana
- John R. Thune U.S. Senator [R] South Dakota
- David Vitter U.S. Senator [R] Louisiana
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EVERYONE is welcome and please join us each morning at 7:30 AM PACIFIC
to tell us what you're working on, share your show & tell, vent, whatever you want...
...this is an open thread. Nothing is off topic.
How many Republicans (both of the tea party variety and not) does it take to change a light bulb?
Two days ago the light bulb in my kitchen burned out again. Took me 90 seconds to replace it. Then when I went to get ready for work, I discovered that the bathroom light was also out. I had no more bulbs in the house, it was close to the time to leave for work, but I was still able to go to the little Ace store 2 blocks away and get another. If that wasn't enough, a specialized bulb at work had burned out before I got there. That took only 3 or 4 minutes to find the right bulb in storage. All that was done quickly without any studies or commissions on who might've been using those lightbulbs without fully paying for them.
I'm a progressive. When something breaks I want to fix it immediately, if I can. If my flashlight doesn't work because the batteries have died -I get new ones. If my neighbor next door doesn't have a job -I try to get him/her a new job.
However, what if I was a Republican? What would I do if I saw a bulb burned out, or even one on the verge of burning out?
How many Republicans would it take to change a light bulb? Less than to shut down the government? More than a commission? I don't know. I've never seen a Republican change a light bulb. I don't know if they know how to, but they do have a lot of noledge.
Of course, some might ask what's so bad about sitting in the dark.
Latest Updates on Kossack Regional Meet-Up News Below the New Day sunrise cloud
Let's build communities!
Every region needs a meatspace community like SFKossacks.
We take care of each other in real life.
I urge YOU to take the lead and organize one in your region.
Please tell us about it if you do and we're here for advice.
NEW GROUPS IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZING:These are the groups that have started since * NEW DAY * began. Please Kosmail navajo if you have started a group before that.
Send a Kosmail to the organizers and ask for an invitation to the group.• Northern Indiana Area: Kosmail Tim Delaney
• Long Island: Kosmail grannycarol
• Northern Michigan: Kosmail JillS
• Nebraska: Kosmail Nebraska68847Dem
• Westburbia Chicago Kossacks: Kosmail Majordomo
• New York Hudson Valley Kossacks: Kosmail boran2
• North Carolina Triangle Kossacks: Kosmail highacidity
• Caprock Kossacks (Panhandle/Caprock/Lubbock/Amarillo area) : Kosmail shesaid
• West Texas Kossacks (including Big Bend Region and El Paso) : Kosmail Yo BubbaNote to the above new leaders: Feel free to leave a comment any day reminding readers about your new group. Also, tell us about your progress in gathering members. Kosmail me when you've chosen a good name for your group and have created a the group. Then I'll move you to the NEW GROUPS LIST. When you've planned a date for your first event I'll make a banner for you to highlight your event in our diaries and your diaries.
• California Central Valley Kossacks - Formed: Jul 29, 2012, Organizer: tgypsy
• New England Kossacks - Formed: Aug 6, 2012, Organizers:
Clytemnestra for Lower New England (Conneticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island)
nhox42 for Upper New England (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont)
• Houston Area Kossacks - Formed: Aug 7, 2012, Organizer: Chrislove
• Kossacks in India - Formed: Aug 14, 2012, Organizer: chandu
• CenTex Kossacks - Formed: Sep 9, 2012, Organizer: papa monzano
• Central Ohio Kossacks - Formed: Sep 26, 2012, Organizer: VetGrl
• Kansas City Kossacks - Formed Oct 15, 2012, Organizer: [Founder stepped down]
• Phoenix Kossacks - Formed Oct 16, 2012, Organizer: arizonablue
• Chicago Kossacks - Formed: Oct 31, 2012, Organizer: figbash
• Koscadia the Pacific Northwest coast from Northern California to Alaska
- Formed Oct 17, 2012, Oganizer: Horace Boothroyd III based in Portland, OR
• Boston Kossacks - Formed: Nov 7, 2012, Organizer: GreyHawk
• Motor City Kossacks South East Michigan (Detroit) Area - Formed: Nov 10, 2012, Organizer: peregrine kate
• Pittsburgh Area Kossacks - Formed: Nov 12, 2012, Organizer: dweb8231
• Salt Lake City Kossacks - Formed: Nov 17, 2012, Organizer: War on Error
• Twin Cities Kossacks - Formed: Nov 17, 2012, Organizer: imonlylurking
• Dallas Kossacks North Texas - Formed: Nov 21, 2012, Admins: Catte Nappe and dalfireplug. Please contact them to join the group. An Event Organizer needed.
• The Southern California Inland Empire Kossacks - Formed: Dec 3, 2012, Organizer: SoCaliana
• Los Angeles Kossacks - Formed: Dec 17, 2012, Organizer: Dave in Northridge
• Northeast Ohio Kossacks - Formed: Jan 16, 2013, Organizer: GenXangster
• Kansas & Missouri Kossacks - Formed: Jan 17, 2013, Organizer: tmservo433
• I-77 Carolina Kossacks who live from Columbia, SC to north of Winston-Salem, NC. - Formed: Jan 30, 2013, Organizers: gulfgal98 and eeff
• Indianapolis Kossacks - Formed: Feb 6, 2013, Organizer: CityLightsLover
• Southwest Ohio Kossacks - Formed: May 10, 2013, Organizer: Dr Erich Bloodaxe RN
• Northern Arizona Kossacks - Formed: Jul 5, 2013, Organizer: Sam Sara
• Mexican Kossacks - Formed: Apr 14, 2013, Organizer: roberb7
ESTABLISHED GROUPS LIST: (List will grow as we discover them)
• SFKossacks Founded by navajo, Formed: May 2, 2005
• Maryland Kos Founded by timmyc, Formed: Feb 23, 2011. Contact: JamieG from Md for a group invite.
• New York City Founded by Eddie C - Contact the group organizer for meet-up events: sidnora
• Baja Arizona Kossacks, Event Organizer: Azazello
• Three Star Kossacks Tennessee, Founded by maryKK, Formed: Apr 8, 2011
• Nashville KosKats, Founded by ZenTrainer Formed: Jan 30, 2012
• Virginia Kos Founded by JamieG from Md, Formed: May 3, 2011
• Kos Georgia Founded by pat208, Formed: Feb 13, 2011
• Colorado COmmunity Founded by Leftcandid, Formed: Feb 13, 2011
• New Mexico Kossaks Founded by claude
• Philly Kos Founded by mconvente Formed: Aug 29, 2011
• DKos Florida Founded by ThirstyGator, Formed: Feb 14, 2011, Currently organizing: Kosmail Vetwife to be included in next event.
• Oklahoma Roundup Founded by BigOkie, Formed: Feb 13, 2011, Currently organizing: Kosmail peacearena to be included.
• DKos Asheville Founded by davehouck, Formed: Feb 13, 2011 - Organizing Assist by: randallt
Saturday, October 19th
Los Angeles Kossacks Dine at Saladang Song Again
LOCATION: Saladang Song
383 S Fair Oaks Ave • Pasadena
ORGANIZER: Send Dave in Northridge a kosmail to attend.
Latest diary: LA Kossacks: Meetup: October 19, 2:00 PM, Pasadena, Saladang Song
1. Dave in Northridge
2. 714day
3. SanFernandoValleyMom
4. susans
5. otoelbc
6. philipmerrill
7. gmats
8. ducktape
Saturday, October 19th
DKos Asheville Kossacks Meet-up
LOCATION: The Bywater
796 Riverside Dr. • Asheville
ORGANIZER: Send randallt a kosmail to attend.
Latest diary: DKos Asheville - Weekly Open Thread
1. randallt
2. davehouck
3. Joieau
4. Gordon20024
5. gulfgal98
6. DawnN
7. Sandy on Signal
8. Mr Sandy on Signal
9. Munchkin
10. Alecia
11. Mr Alecia
12. cultjake
13. flwrightman
14. Otteray Scribe
15. Burns Lass
people power granny
One Pissed Off Liberal
Christian Dem in NC
Phil S 33
Sunday, October 20th
MEGA Philly/NJ/NYC Kossacks Meet-up!
TIME: Noon
LOCATION: Stuff Yer Face
49 Easton Avenue • New Brunswick, NJ
ORGANIZER: Send mconvente a kosmail to attend.
Latest diary: Philly/NJ/NYC Mega Meetup! Additional Call for People Interested in Attending!
1. mconvente
2. belinda ridgewood
3. thankgodforairamerica
4. gchaucer2
5. sidnora
6. rubyr
7. mattc129
8. hayden
9. mallyroyal
10. Avilyn
11. blue jersey mom
12. ericlewis0
13. Rogneid + husband
14. aoeu
aravir and son
No Exit
renzo capetti
Friday, October 25th
LAKossacks & SoCal Inland Empire See Lewis Black!
LOCATION: Agua Caliente Casino Resort & Spa
32-250 Bob Hope Dr. • Rancho Mirage
ORGANIZER: Send 714day a kosmail to attend.
Latest diary: L.A. Kossacks, Lewis Black Fans in So Cal
1. 714day
2. jakedog42
3. susans
4. Otoelbc
Friday, October 25th
Meet the Daily Kos Editorial Staff!
LOCATION: Daily Kos HQ
Address given privately to RSVP'ers • Berkeley
ORGANIZER: Send navajo a kosmail to attend.
You will need to bring Potluck.
HQ will be providing the main course; Salvadoran pupusas queso y loroco, (thick corn masa tortilla stuffed with cheese & Salvadoran vegetables and served with curtido & salsa) tamales de sal, (chicken tamales with potato & gravy steamed in plantain leaves) tamales de elote, (white ground corn served steamed) fried yucca and plantain.
Please volunteer for beverages & side dishes needed below.
20 bottles of wine [11 down, 9 to go]
16 six-packs of beer [5 down, 11 to go]
8 six-packs soft drinks [1 down, 7 to go]
6 six-packs bottles of water [6 complete]
5 appetizers, anything goes here. Whatcha' got? [3 down, 2 to go]
Side Dishes:
4 green salads needed, each to feed 10 [4 complete]
3 black bean side dishes needed, each to feed 10 (need Salvadoran inspiration?)
3 rice side dishes needed, each to feed 10 (need Salvadoran inspiration?)
6 desserts, a dozen hand-held desserts each [5 down, 1 to go]
ANNOUNCING: A Carved Pumpkin Contest with 1st, 2nd and 3rd Prizes. Feel free (or not) to bring an already carved pumpkin complete with candle. They will be placed on the tables for decoration and then voted on by attendees. Remember, a PRE-carved pumpkin.
1. Markos
Editorial Staff:
2. Susan Gardner
3. Meteor Blades
4. Joan McCarter
5. Hunter
6. Faith Gardner
7. Will Rockafellow
8. Jen Hayden
Activism Team:
9. Paul Hogarth
10. Chris Bowers
11. Rachel Colyer
12. Michael Langenmayr
Tech Team:
13. Jason Libsch
14. Scott
15. John
16. elfing
17. navajo + large ice chest with ice + 4 bottles of red wine
18. Lusty + dessert
19. side pocket + two 6pks beer + 2 wines + stuffed mushrooms appetizer
20. paradise50 + two 6pks beer
21. smileycreek + 2 wines
22. citisven + beer + beet dip
23. norm + pumpkin bars
24. Lorikeet + big bowl of fruit
25. kimoconnor + appetizer
26. remembrance and TLO + 1 wine
27. Glen the Plumber + Pasta Mystery Dish
28. madhaus
29. dharmasyd + brownies
30. ceebee7 + green salad
31. lineatus
32. Dave in Northridge + 2 bottles of wine
33. linkage
34. LinSea + six 6pks of bottled water
35. Shockwave
36. Eyesbright
37. catilinus
38. FogCityJohn
39. justiceputnam + grilled balsamic veggies
40. zmom
41. exlrrp + souvenirs ;) !
42. shanikka + salad
44. BroadBlogs
45. jpmassar + dessert
46. PatG + dessert
47. LaughingPlanet + one 6pk of juice drinks
Saturday, October 26th
Drinks and Dinner at Lefty O'Doul's
LOCATION: Lefty O'Doul's
333 Geary St • San Francisco near Union Square
ORGANIZER: Send navajo a kosmail to attend.
1. navajo
2. smileycreek
3. paradise50
4. dharmasyd
5. kimoconnor
6. Glen the Plumber
7. remembrance
Saturday, October 26th
New England Kossacks Meet-up
LOCATION: Silly's
40 Washington Avenue • Portland, ME
ORGANIZER: Send nhox42 a kosmail to attend.
Latest diary: C+J Kossack Fall Meetup (Updated 9/25/13)
1. nhox42
2. rebereads
3. Portia Elm (a potential mileage winner!)
4. bjedward
5. nailbender
6. Bill in Portland Maine
7. Common Sense Mainer
8. mdevine
9. theMarti
10. patmoshimer
11. commonmass
12. Actbriniel
13. LoreleiHI
14. mayim
15. Jane in Maine
SFKossacks BBQ in the Wine Country
LOCATION: Andrew McGuire's home in the Wine Country
Address to be given privately to RSVPs • Windsor
Andrew McGuire is Executive Director of California One Care
We will also be honoring Día de los Muertos with an altar, feel free to bring something to place there.
ORGANIZER: Send navajo a kosmail to attend.
1. Andrew McGuire
2. navajo
3. Shockwave
4. Hunter
5. elfing
6. Hunter/elfling offspring
7. smileycreek
8. paradise50
9. dharmasyd
10. maggiejean
11. norm
12. Lusty
13. dksbook
14. Mr. dksbook
15. kimoconnor
16. jpmassar
17. side pocket
18. Mrs. side pocket
19. ceebee7
20. ceebee7's sister
21. leema (will carpool from Marin)
22. Meteor Blades
23. Glen The Plumber
24. remembrance
Send navajo a kosmail if you post a diary about an event so we can update our round-up.
Okay. Floor's open.
Tell us what you are doing on this NEW DAY?