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Important considerations in using indicators to profile providers.
The demand is accelerating for information about the clinical performances of providers. In the more competitive and value-sensitive marketplace that is already developing, purchasers (consumers, employers, and insurers) of health care services will require more information to better assess the relative value of providers' (professional and hospital) services. The cornerstone of a wise, value-based strategy in selecting health care services is careful assessment of each provider's performance based on detailed quantitative data in the form of clinical indicators. The use of indicators to profile the comparative performances of providers allows purchasers to compare as well as to influence provider performance.
An indicator is a quantitative measure of a process or outcome of care and usually is expressed as a rate. Although providers have used indicators for some time in their own research and quality assessment efforts, purchasers' use of indicators to assess and compare providers is growing in importance. Providers and purchasers should consider the following important principles when using indicators to profile providers.
* Indicators should summarize the care
being evaluated.
Valid comparative performance assessment does not require an indicator for every facet of care. It does, however, require indicators that summarize clinically important processes or outcomes of care. Indicators that provide clinically important summary information will be referred to here as macro indicators. Postsurgery mortality and achievement of desired technical result (clinical outcome measures), population-based rates of utilization (reflections of relative appropriateness and availability), hospital length of stay (an efficiency measure), and patient satisfaction with care are examples of macro indicators. Because the relationship between the indicator and the qualities of concern may be complex, meaningful and constructive use of indicators depends on their proper interpretation. For example, an unusually low utilization rate for a procedure may reflect a lack of availability, local patients' preferences for alternative methods of care, or providers' exceptionally judicious use of the procedure.
Both purchasers and providers need macro indicators in order to understand the general processes and outcomes of care provided by an organization of interest. Providers also need micro indicators to help them understand why they get the results they do. Because these indicators are designed to guide and assess internal processes of care, they may be quite specific and detailed in order to reflect small, discrete processes or outcomes.
Micro indicators are essential to providers to explain and improve performance as measured by macro indicators and to identify opportunities for improvement. However, they are not useful for comparative performance assessment, because they do not provide a general overview of processes and outcomes of care. For example, in comparative, or external, monitoring of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, macro indicators such as mortality rate and postoperative infection rate are useful, while micro indicators such as percentage of patients treated with penicillin or percentage of patients receiving perioperative prophylactic antibiotics are not. Purchasers should leave the use of micro indicators to providers' internal improvement efforts and instead should select macro indicators that paint in broad brush a clinically valid profile of care.
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' (JCAHO's) "phase I" indicators of hospital quality that recently have completed beta testing and that now are being used voluntarily by hospitals nationwide include a micro indicator that is being used for comparative performance measurement.[1] It is a hospital's postoperative mortality for all patients within two days of all procedures involving nonlocal anesthesia. Although this indicator may be useful to an internal quality improvement program, it is of little value to purchasers who are interested not in how many coronary artery bypass patients survive to the third day, but in how many leave the hospital with a sustained improved functional status.
Determining whether a performance monitoring project uses the right kind of indicators requires an understanding of the goal of the project. The Maryland Quality Indicator Project (MQIP), for example, is a voluntary cooperative effort through which hospitals exchange information about performance on specified indicators-15 of them thus far. The MQIP indicators are both macro (inpatient mortality, unplanned readmission rate, cesarean-section rate) and micro (cases where discrepancy between initial and final x-ray reports required an adjustment in patient management, patients in the emergency department for more than six hours). Inclusion of both macro and micro indicators is appropriate to this project's goal of obtaining information that can help providers improve their care.
* Indicators should be valid reflections
of the aspect of care they measure.
Every indicator must reflect one of the basic measurable aspects of care: effectiveness (clinical outcomes), appropriateness, availability, efficiency, and satisfactoriness. The aspect of care that an indicator is intended to reflect must be clearly understood by both its developers and its users. The importance of this understanding can be illustrated by the problem of in-hospital falls, a source of potentially serious injury. While the rate of in-hospital falls after heart bypass surgery, for example, might be a useful indicator of general postoperative hospital care, such a rate may be a poor reflection of the quality of the bypass surgery itself.
Consider the use of hospital average length of stay (ALOS) as a measure of effectiveness. Although many patients with unsuccessful therapy or complications from care are hospitalized longer than they would have been otherwise, many patients with complications that are not life-threatening are discharged earlier than in past years to more vigilant home health care. Consequently, average or shorter lengths of stay do not always reflect lower complication rates. Moreover, physician practice patterns and efficiency of discharge planning have major influences on lengths of stay, independently of the physical condition of patients. Thus, ALOS is a biased indicator of clinical effectiveness.
Average length of stay can be improved as an indicator of effectiveness by risk adjustment, by standardization to a particular hospital's pattern of practice, and perhaps by limitation of its use to recovery after elective surgery. However, data are still potentially biased by the omission of patients who are discharged relatively early but who experience the same unsatisfactory outcome of care. Risk-adjusted ALOS may be a useful measure of a hospital's efficiency rather than of its effectiveness, however. It is used in this regard in some projects (the Cleveland Health Quality Choice Project, for example).
The outcome measured by an outcome indicator should be related to and influenced by the provider's care. Consider low birthweight, an outcome that reflects genetic predisposition, maternal behavior and environment, and prenatal care. Although a certain rate of low-birthweight infants appears unavoidable, it is thought that many cases can be avoided by altering maternal behavior and by improving the availability and effectiveness of prenatal care, especially early in pregnancy. Thus, by the time a woman enters the hospital for a delivery, the infant's birthweight is already established. The ability of a provider to delay birth in a woman who presents in premature labor might be useful to assess, but it is not clear that an infant's birthweight is a valid reflection of the quality of care of the hospital at which the infant's mother chose to deliver. Consequently, it is puzzling that a hospital's rate of low-birthweight infants is an indicator of hospital quality selected by the JCAHO as part of its set of "phase I" indicators of hospital quality.
Bias for or against a particular pattern of care may compromise the validity of an indicator. For example, unplanned readmission is another purported indicator of the quality of hospital care. The rationale behind its use is that patients discharged after receiving poor hospital care are more likely to be quickly readmitted than are patients who received better care. Early readmission, however, is the result of many factors, including patient age, patient compliance with treatment, home support, access to home health care, type of insurance, and physicians' posthospitalization care and practice patterns. Within a group of patients with the same postdischarge problem, some may be readmitted and some may not be, depending on these factors. In fact, some patients who received "good" care might be readmitted, while some who received "poor" care might not be. Consequently, the rate of early unplanned readmission may be a biased indicator of the quality of hospital care.
Sometimes, the only option is to measure an outcome of interest indirectly. For example, incomplete medical records may make it impossible to assess retrospectively the occurrence of in-hospital infections. Moreover, discharge ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes are notoriously unreliable as to the occurrence of a complication of care. This is due both to upcoding (i.e., false positives) and to the absence of chart documentation (i.e., false negatives). Those wishing to assess this aspect of care may choose a different indicator that will provide surrogate information. In such a situation, under defined circumstances, institution of antibiotic therapy may be useful as a proxy for the occurrence of in-hospital infections. Similarly, transfusion of blood may be a useful indicator of perioperative blood loss.
Indirect measures must be used carefully, however. Provider behavior (e.g., deciding to start an antibiotic or give a transfusion) can be used as a proxy for underlying pathophysiologic change (e.g., infections or blood loss) only when provider behavior in response to that change is relatively uniform, so that differences in the rates among providers represent differences in patient condition and not in practice style. Furthermore, the use of indirect measures as indicators may sometimes be counter-productive. For example, if ALOS is used as an indirect measure of resource consumption in comparative profiling, providers might successfully reduce ALOS by actually increasing resource consumption (for example, by indiscriminately ordering a battery of tests for certain types of patients on their admission ). Therefore, indirect measures should be used only if the relationship between the outcome of interest and the proxy is understood and accounted for in the analysis.
* Indicators should reflect occurrences
that can be observed reliably.
An indicator's usefulness will be compromised if the occurrence of any event necessary to its calculation is not observed or recorded in a consistent manner. This is true especially if the inconsistency is frequent and is not randomly distributed throughout the population of providers being evaluated.
For example, the appearance of angina after coronary artery bypass surgery is considered a reflection of therapeutic failure. However, if one hospital puts nitroglycerin at the bedside routinely, while another requires patients to ask for it when experiencing pain, some postoperative anginal episodes in the former hospital will not come to the attention of the nurses and physicians and, therefore, will not be recorded in the record. Consequently, a comparison of the rates of postoperative angina in these two hospitals would be quite misleading.
Differences among providers in labeling and reporting are particularly noticeable with respect to complications of medical care. Providers often are reluctant, for professional and legal reasons, to identify adverse occurrences. Also, clinical labeling can be highly subjective; one surgeon's wound dehiscence may be another's stitch abscess. In addition, medical record keeping can be fragmentary, especially when providers are occupied with caring for unstable patients. Consequently, it is hazardous to assume that providers have recorded complications of care reliably.
The use of ICD-9-CM codes to identify complications of care is notoriously problematic, because choices of diagnostic codes are likely to be affected by an interest in obtaining maximum reimbursement for services rendered. Moreover, examinations of medical records often reveal conditions for which no code was recorded. Recent research at Duke University on the reliability of ICD-9-CM coding supports these observations.[2] Researchers compiled a database of 12,937 patients hospitalized consecutively between 1985 and 1990 for cardiac catheterization because of suspected ischemic heart disease. They studied the relationship between each patient's discharge ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes and data gathered clinically. Among their findings was that "twenty-four percent of clinically identified acute myocardial infarctions were not coded...." Generally, they concluded that "claims data [discharge ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes] failed to identify more than one half of the patients with prognostically important conditions...." Therefore, provider documentation or ICD-9-CM codes should be used only with great caution to identify complications of care.
Despite their limitations in identifying complications, ICD-9-CM codes are used for this purpose in some quality measuring projects. For example, the state of California has begun a program to measure and publicly release information on outcomes of hospital care at all state hospitals. In 1993, a preliminary report was issued privately to hospitals for two conditions: acute myocardial infarction and intervertebral disc excision. For the latter condition, one indicator of comparative hospital performance was inpatient complications as measured by specific codes in each patient's list of discharge ICD-9-CM codes. Because of widespread problems like those described above in coding complications, public release of comparative data based on this indicator is likely to lead to erroneous conclusions about the true relative performances of the hospitals.
* All data elements used to obtain indicators
should be measured uniformly.
Providers should ensure that data elements used in comparative performance monitoring are obtained in a uniform manner, because uniformity of measurement is essential for accurate and meaningful comparisons of providers' performances. Uniform measurement depends on clear definitions and reliable collection of data elements. Each data element should be defined in terms that will be understood readily by all providers participating in the project. Whenever possible, data elements should incorporate objectively measured values. Definitions should be designed to avoid any need for subjective determinations of a condition's extent or degree of change. Methods of data collection should be specified in appropriate detail, and they should take into account the particularities and capabilities of each provider in the program. Data elements that cannot be clearly defined and reliably collected should be omitted.
Because uniformity of measurement is so critical to the validity of comparative performance analyses, indicator values obtained from different sources using different data definitions and collection methodologies should be compared only with great caution and with sensitivity to the limitations of the data. Facile comparisons of the face values of indicators should be avoided, because they may easily (however unintentionally) distort the truth and thereby create inaccurate impressions of relative performance.
When indicators are described similarly but are measured in different ways by different providers, comparisons can be misleading. For example, a table accompanying a recent Wall Street Journal article[3] juxtaposed, for each of a variety of indicators, values recently released by three HMOs. Only footnotes in small print explained the substantial differences in measurement techniques that made direct comparison of most of the values extremely misleading. Misinterpretation can be avoided by limiting comparisons to indicators that were measured in the same manner.
* Indicator data should be adjusted to
account for differences in the condition
of patients before care is
Quantitative assessment of clinical processes and outcomes now is established as indispensable to a proper understanding of health care delivery. However, providers with an unsatisfactory outcome or process rate may claim that their patients are inherently more at risk than are the patients of other providers, or that their process rates are necessitated by the special characteristics of their patient populations. To compare process and outcome rates fairly and credibly among providers, the rates must be adjusted to account for inherent differences in the patient populations.
Consider the primary cesarean-section (C-section) rate, a reflection of appropriateness of obstetrical care. Some cesarean sections are unavoidable, but too many or too few may indicate inappropriate care. Determination of the need for a C-section at the time of delivery usually is not the result of random and arbitrary decision making. Some pregnant women have conditions that make them more likely than others to require a C-section, regardless of the provider who manages the delivery.
For example, suppose that the unadjusted overall C-section rates of three different providers are compared in a state with a rate of 19 percent (table 1, below). Imagine that the unadjusted C-section rates of Providers A, B, and C are 30, 22, and 13 percent, respectively. Provider A's rate is 8 percentage points higher than B's and 11 percentage points higher than the state average. Provider B's rate is 3 percentage points higher than the state average. Provider C's rate, however, is 9 percentage points lower than Provider B's rate, 17 points lower than Provider A's rate, and 6 percentage points lower than the state average. Is Provider C the most judicious in the use of cesarean sections? If no other information is provided, many would reach that conclusion.
To truly determine the best performance, one must assess quantitatively each patient's inherent risk of needing a C-section. In our work, we have found some of the risk factors for a primary C-section to be: patient older than age 38, multiple infants, genital herpes, and malpresentation of the fetus. Using logistic regression, all identified risk factors can be weighted and a mathematical predictive model can be created to determine the expected C-section rate for a group of patients based on their inherent risk factors.
Once predicted values are created, the relationship can be determined between the observed (actual) C-section rate and the rate that is predicted from the patients' characteristics prior to care; this is known as the observed-to-predicted ratio (O/P). A ratio larger than 1.0 reflects a C-section rate that is higher than predicted (expected) for the provider's patient population.
Suppose that risk-adjusted data for Providers A, B, and C reveal that patients of Providers A and B are more likely to require a C-section than either the patients of Provider C or those of the state as a whole, regardless of provider. Providers A and B then may be expected to have rates that are higher than both the state average and the rate of Provider C. The data in table 1 demonstrate that Providers A and C have O/P ratios that are identical, 1.2, meaning that their C-section rates were 20 percent higher than predicted. On the other hand, Provider B has an O/P ratio of 0.95, indicating an observed rate 5 percent lower than predicted on the basis of characteristics of the patient population. Which provider now appears more judicious in performing C-sections, Provider A, B, or C? It should be noted that risk adjustment affects a provider's performance data only in relation to the data of other providers in the comparison group; it does not determine the optimum indicator (in this scenario, the optimum C-section rate).
This hypothetical scenario about C-section rates illustrates how failure to adjust indicator values for risk makes comparisons among providers difficult and potentially misleading. Moreover, without proper risk adjustment, providers whose performances appear unsatisfactory can claim persuasively that their patients are at higher risk. Consequently, they may neglect to review their care carefully to identify opportunities to improve quality.
Many quality measuring projects risk adjust the comparative performance indicators they report. Among these are the Cleveland Health Quality Choice Program and the state-sponsored outcomes monitoring programs in New York, Pennsylvania, and California. However, some comparative performance indicators, such as the HEDIS indicators of the National Committee for Quality Assurance, are not risk-adjusted. Failure to risk adjust performance indicators compromises their usefulness in comparative performance monitoring and has the potential to sour providers on quantitative performance assessment if they believe that truly good care and truly bad care are not clearly differentiated.
Current methods of risk adjustment differ in such features as the method of quantifying risk and the type of data used. Generally, more precise risk-adjustment methods cost more. In part, this is because clinical data are more costly to collect than are billing data, and also because greater effort is required to tailor risk-adjustment methodology to the specific project in order to maximize its predictive power. Purchasers and providers who want risk-adjusted indicators for private, internal use as a general estimate of provider performance may settle for a less expensive, less accurate approach, while those who wish to make indicator measurements public to guide purchasing decisions will be best served by choosing the most accurate and clinically defensible risk-adjustment method available.
The usefulness of risk-adjusted comparative performance monitoring depends in great part on how good the predictive models are. A model's technical worth rests primarily on its predictive power and on the uniformity of its performance throughout subpopulations of patients (i.e., the model is not biased against particular types of patients). All purchasers and providers who examine risk-adjusted comparative performance data should be familiar with the strengths and weaknesses of the risk-adjustment method used, with whether it is appropriate to the specific goals of the monitoring program, and with the power of the predictive model itself.
* Indicators should measure relatively
common events.
Because survival after major surgery depends, in part, on the surgeon's skill, it can be a useful indicator of the quality of surgery. On the other hand, death may occur with major surgery even when the best possible care is rendered. Comparative risk-adjusted outcome rates can be used, not to assess quality in individual cases, but to determine whether, on average, a specific provider's performance plays an important role in raising or lowering mortality rates.
To evaluate postoperative mortality, death among patients of various providers must occur frequently enough so that statistically valid comparisons can be made from realistically achievable sample sizes. Therefore, postoperative mortality could be a useful indicator of the quality of coronary artery bypass surgery, for which mortality rates for some providers may reach double digits. However, it would not be a useful indicator in comparing the quality of hysterectomies, for which mortality rates are likely to be far less than 1 percent. During the period in which data are collected, many good gynecologists might have one patient death, while some marginal ones might have none. Because meaningful, statistically valid inferences are difficult to make from small numbers, indicators should measure relatively common events.
Table 2, page 43, illustrates the effect of the frequency of an outcome on the number of patients necessary to reach a statistically valid conclusion. Consider a provider whose mortality rate for a surgical procedure is 25 percent higher (i.e., an O/P ratio of 1.25) than the mortality rate predicted on the basis of "average" care for the population of patients in the database. If the predicted mortality rate is 0.64 percent and if the provider treated 1,000 patients in the period examined, the difference between the observed and predicted rates would not be statistically significant at the 5 percent level (that is, there would a greater than 5 percent probability that the difference was due to chance alone). If this provider treated 10,000 patients or more and had the same O/P ratio, the difference would be statistically significant at the 5 percent level.
Table 2. The Effect of Cases on Statistical Significance of Differences in Provider Performance Data(*)
Number Observed Predicted Observed/Predicted of Cases Rate (%) Rate (%) Ratio Z-Statistic
1,000 0.8 0.64 1.25 0.63 10,000 0.8 0.64 1.25 2.01 1,000 8 6.4 1.25 2.01 2,100 8 6.4 1.25 3
(*) When outcome rates are low, sizable differences in percentage terms between observed and predicted outcome rates may not be statistically significant in commonly achievable sample sizes over reasonable lengths of time (e.g., one year). The z-statistic indicates the number of standard deviations the observed rates is from predicted rate.
To continue from the last illustration, if the predicted mortality rate were 6.4 percent (ten times greater) and if the provider treated only 1,000 patients with the same O/P mortality ratio of 1.25, the probability would be less than 5 percent that the difference between observed and predicted values was due to chance alone. Moreover, if 2,100 or more patients of that provider were treated with the same O/P ratio of 1.25, the probability would be less than 0.1 percent that the difference between observed and predicted values was due to chance alone. Even if a relatively common condition such as hospital care of acute myocardial infarction is studied, few hospitals have more than 1,000 cases a year, and most have even fewer cases of such popularly studied conditions as pneumonia. Given the likelihood of such limits on sample size, selecting relatively common measures of outcome or process is crucial.
* The likelihood that chance alone
accounts for differences in providers'
performances should be determined.
Differences among providers in indicator values should be analyzed statistically to determine the likelihood that those differences appear by chance alone. This is especially important in examining databases with relatively small sample sizes, because, under these circumstances, even apparently large differences in performance among providers (a 30 percent range of values, for example) may lack statistical significance at the 5 percent level (i.e., differences may very likely be due to chance alone). Particular care must be taken in the presentation of statistical analyses when comparative performance data are released to the public, because many people may seize upon differences in performance even when they are more likely to be due to chance than to actual differences in quality of care.
* Process indicators must be interpreted
in light of desired outcomes.
In assessments of providers' performances, the fundamental interest is in the results of a provider's care. However, because some results may not be known for years, it is impractical to follow patients until all outcomes of care can be assessed. For example, it is not feasible to follow a provider's pediatric patients for 20 years to assess the rates of measles, rubella, and other communicable diseases for which there are vaccines. Instead, compliance with a set of immunization recommendations is measured, on the assumption that better outcomes will result when those recommendations are followed. So, when outcomes will not be apparent for a long time after care is given, the most practical indicator may be one that compares a process of care to standards set by experts. However, process variables should be used in comparative performance assessment only when appropriate outcome monitoring is not feasible, and the reason for using them should be understood and acknowledged.
The danger of relying on process measures alone to obtain information that can come only from outcomes data is illustrated by the use of the cesarean-section rate as an indicator of the quality of care. The C-section rate is a process indicator that conveys how often one decision was made about a particular method of caring for a group of patients. It conveys nothing about the outcome of peripartum care. Most clinicians would say that the goal of peripartum care is delivering the healthiest infant while minimizing problems for the mother. The quality of peripartum care must be measured against this standard.
It is unfortunate that most concerns about the quality of peripartum care have centered on the C-section rate, often with no acknowledgement that this rate does not indicate whether the goals of peripartum care are being met. The goal of peripartum care is not to avoid a C-section, since C-section is a valuable option in obstetrics. A C-section rate of zero would be a public health catastrophe. Nevertheless, analysts are drawn to the C-section rate because few data are available about infant outcomes related to peripartum care, because C-sections are easy to count (usually easily identifiable on a billing record that is generated in a hospital's usual course of business), and because replacing some C-sections with less-expensive vaginal deliveries saves money.
However, comparing providers by C-section rates is potentially misleading and unfair to providers. Risk-adjusted data can be obtained, but they would indicate only what the rate for each provider's population of patients would be if those patients received "average" care, as defined by the providers whose patients are in the database. Using risk-adjusted C-section rates rather than unadjusted rates makes the comparison of rates fair but does not identify the optimum C-section rate. The optimum C-section rate is the lowest rate associated with optimum outcomes for infants.
The figure below illustrates the postulated relationship between C-section rate and infant adverse outcomes. Infants' adverse outcomes related to delivery can result from a number of factors, not all of which are avoided by C-sections. As C-sections are introduced to a population, its adverse outcome rate for infants drops, because adverse outcomes related to the process of vaginal births are avoided. However, there comes a point at which all adverse outcomes from vaginal births are avoided and additional C-sections do not diminish infant adverse outcomes any further.
The widespread perception that many C-sections are performed unnecessarily in this country has engendered many efforts to significantly reduce the rate. Unfortunately, many of these efforts have been undertaken without careful monitoring of infant outcomes. Efforts to reduce the C-section rate to an arbitrary level that is chosen without consideration of infant outcomes might have tragic consequences if doctors avoid necessary C-sections in the attempt to comply with the arbitrary standard. This example underscores the need to understand the link between process and outcome indicators and to avoid relying on the former alone as a guide to the quality of care.
Few indicators are perfect, either in their design or in the data used in their calculation. Compromise is necessary in their development and use. In the end, indicators that are carefully selected and defined, reliably measured, accurately risk-adjusted, and analyzed statistically can provide meaningful information only to those who understand the limitations as well as the strengths of the data and the nature of the relationship between processes and outcomes of care.
Comparative Surveys Show
Substantial Managed Care
Participation by Physicians
From 1991 to 1993, there was substantial growth in doctor participation in HMOs and PPOs, according to Medical Economics. Nonparticipation dropped from 45 percent to 38 percent in both managed care categories, and fewer physicians participated in just one HMO or PPO. For participation in multiple plans, the figures are uniformly up between the two surveys. While there was only modest growth in the numbers of physicians who participated in six or more plans, much greater growth occurred in the 2-6 plan categories.
[1.] Nadzam, D., and others. "Data-Driven Performance Indicator Measurement System (IM System)." Journal on Quality Improvement 19(11):492-500, Nov, 1993. [2.] Jollis, J., and others. "Discordance of Databases Designed for Claims Payment versus Clinical Information Systems. Implications for Outcomes Research." Annals of Internal Medicine 119(8):844-50, Oct. 15, 1993. [3.] Anders, G. "Three HMOs Evaluate Themselves." Wall Street Journal, Nov. 16, 1993, p. B1.
Richard R. Balsamo, MD, JD, is Medical Director, CIGNA Healthcare of Illinois, Des Plaines, Ill., and Michael Pine, MD, MBA, is Research Associate, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, and President, Michael Pine and Associates, Inc., Chicago, Ill.
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Scoring the President's speech was a breeze. There was not a single word of truth in anything he said. Period. One hour, nine minutes and forty four seconds of absolute statist crap. If Mr. Obama thought that his HUGOESQUE farce impressed anyone other than himself he was deluded. Not even his own party could be moved to support him in the face of overwhelming opposition | Read More »


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NORWICH — For the past week, students in the DARE program in Norwich schools have been celebrating their achievements.On Friday, at one graduation ceremony, 40 students in two fifth-grade classes at Uncas Elementary School received...
GRISWOLD—Griswold Public School students became a part of history Friday morning.Twenty-six students, a boy and a girl from each grade kindergarten through 12, were chosen to take part in a ceremonial re-signing of the Griswold...
Connecticut Forest & Park Association will host a walk in celebration of National Trails Day at 10 a.m. June 7 at the Whitney Forest, 205 Oliver Road, Lebanon.
HARTFORD - An effort to extend workers' compensation coverage to Connecticut police officers suffering from mental injuries has cleared a key hurdle after years of defeat.
NEW HAVEN - A Connecticut man who drove drunk and caused a fiery crash that killed his wife has been sentenced to two years in prison.
BRIDGEPORT - A former finance director for the town of Plymouth has been sentenced to two and a half years in prison for embezzling more than $800,000.
HARTFORD - A judge has declared a mistrial after a jury deadlocked in the case of a man accused in the 2010 bludgeoning deaths of his mother and two other people in East Hartford.
NEW HAVEN, Vt. - Vermont State Police detectives are continuing to search for a Connecticut woman who has been missing since January.
MASHANTUCKET - Could you walk on a tightrope 75 feet off the ground on a windy day, amid fans cheering and fireworks going off, and perform among the riskiest ribbon-cuttings in history? Daredevil
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Pettit Easypoxy Sandtone
Hey all-- a very specific question here. Has anyone painted their boat in Easypoxy Sandtone, and if so, do you have a photo you could share? I find it a little difficult to translate from sample to boat.... we're looking for kind of a light khaki color.... Thanks! PS We're on the way to the boat right now, so I won't be able to respond for a day or so.... which may be good--
IMHO, if your going to be painting the cabintop and deck, you'd be much better off using a two-part LPU paint like Awlcraft. It will last a good deal longer and look better than the one part paints like Easypoxy, if the surface is properly prepped. :D
And you're probably going to REALLY feel that way if you find out that what we're thinking of painting is the hull.
LOL.. Yup.. I am... ;) Rolling and tipping gives pretty good results... but 95% of the real work is the prep. IMHO, if you don't do a good job prepping the hull... don't bother painting it... :)
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Saif Ali Khan and his wife Kareena Kapoor are currently in London, where they brought in his birthday last week. The couple has completed seven years of togetherness this year. And their relationship is only getting stronger.
Kareena says that the seven-year itch syndrome which makes couples restless and drift apart hasn't struck them yet. "While everyone around me pampers me, with Saif, it is different. I run after him. I am the one constantly calling him and asking where he is and what he's doing (laughs). He's always sleeping and I am always calling and waking him up."
So what's their secret? "We give each other space, even at home. Professionally too, Saif has never asked or questioned me which actor I am working with and vice versa. He respects my work talent and me as an actor. Saif is more like my friend. Everybody keeps asking me what's the secret of our successful relationship and I don't have an answer... We enjoy each other's company. The thing is, Saif is never boring! There's always something unpredictable about him which keeps our relationship interesting."


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Rangers crock Edu: Biggest year of my career
Rangers midfielder Maurice Edu says the coming year could be the biggest of his career.
Edu is recovering from a knee injury and told Rangers News: "This could be a big year for me, probably the biggest of my career.
"I'm looking to make the most of it and it all starts here at the club. First of all, I need to get back in the Rangers team. I'm obviously anxious to get back playing again but, at the same time, I've got to be a little bit patient.
"Even though I know I'm very close to being fit again, I don't want to rush myself and try to come back too early and end up back on the treatment table. It's certainly exciting to be doing more things now – I'm out of the gym at last and I'm getting outside to do a bit of jogging.
"It's all looking promising so far but, at the same time, I'm just trying to stay level-headed and I'm not getting carried away. It was maybe a little naïve to say I was looking to be back again in the second week of September.
"On reflection, I should just have taken things day by day – the way I am now – and I'm just taking things as they come.
"I would have loved to have been back playing earlier than this but it hasn't worked out. With that said, I still feel like I'm making progress and doing the right things I need to do to come back and be a stronger player."


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This 1965 Plymouth Belvedere has a 446 C.I. Performance Built V8 w/ Twin 4 BBL Carburetors, 727 Torqueflite w/ Reverse Valve Body, 3500 Stall... More
For 1965, Plymouth had moved to rebrand the popular Belvedere I and adjusted the name ever so slightly with a ''II'' which was essentially... More
1964 Plymouth Belvedere. Car is in Original shape except of a new radiator. Runs great and has less than 42K original miles. Paint has... More
Up for sale in our Tampa showroom is a classic 1966 Plymouth Belvedere RH2. Belvedere became the intermediate size offering for the sixth... More
1965 Plymouth Belvedere, Performance Modified Restored body interior, Indy Wedge Alum 540 Crate engine 700HP, 3 spd auto Gear Vendor Overdrive. disc brakes. Cragars,Hurst, 4:56... More
1957 Plymouth Belvedere ConvertibleThe Plymouth Belvedere is a absolutely beautiful car.The Belvedere is a convertible which is very rare because there are only 9866... More
1957 Plymouth Belvedere 4dr HardtopThis car just came in.More information and additional pictures will follow as soon as possible.For more information you should contact... More
Hardcore Mopar & Vintage Race Car fanatics, here is something that you don't see everyday! Red Hills Rods and Choppers is thrilled to bring... More
To view more pictures and information please visit our website www.classiccarliquidators.com. After viewing the vehicle you may give us a call at 903-891-0000 and... More
1963 was a crazy year with all its ups and downs. Gas was $0.25 a gallon, FM radio was offered for the first time... More
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THIS VEHICLE PLEASE CONTACT CRAIG ON 909 730 1555 MIKE ON 909 644 6220 OR MARCO ON 909 286 8000... More
Pro-touring 66' Plymouth Belvedere II, fresh 440 ci/385 HP engine, steel crank, flat top pistons and ported heads, Stage 2 cam, new Edlebrock carb... More
Engine: 440 V8 Stroked to 471 11.5 Compression Transmission: 727 Transmission/Racing Clutches/Reverse Valve Body Exterior Color: Black Interior Color: Black Will street run on 93 Octane 3800 Stall 411 Gear Holley 850 Double... More
To be auctioned in Tulsa, June 5-7, 2015 at River Spirit Expo Center. Visit http:\\www.leakecar.com - Fresh rebuilt and balanced 440 CI /... More
This older frame off restoration comes complete with a 426 Superstock Wedge engine with dual quad carburetors and automatic transmission and AM radio. It... More


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A security system includes an intrusion detector having a transmitter coupled with a portable receiver to alert a homeowner or the like that an intrusion has taken place or occurred within a pre-set time period. The area under surveillance is monitored by an infrared detector which activates the transmitter upon the receipt of abrupt differences in infrared radiation levels, associated with the presence of a warm body in an otherwise equilibrated environment. A radio signal is emitted by the transmitter upon activation by a transmitter-receiver carried by the homeowner or the like as he/she approaches the protected area. The radio signal from the transmitter is received by the portable remote transmitter-receiver. A first signal, indicating that an intrusion has been detected in the monitored areas, is displayed on the receiver for a preselected period of time. After the preselected period of time has elapsed, a second signal is generated to indicate that the intrusion took place at a time greater than the preselected period of time. The first signal indicates that the intrusion is recent and that the probability of the intruder still being present is great. Once the intrusion detector is activated, the signal is stored until transmission is requested by the portable receiver and then transmitted continuously until the intrusion detector has been reset.
1. A security system for a home or the like comprising:
an intrusion detector to be set in an area of said home or the like to be protected, said intrusion detector comprising:
means for generating an intrusion signal in response to an intrusion into said area;
means for storing the intrusion signal and for transmitting a radio signal only upon actuation by receipt of a predetermined radio signal;
means for modulating said radio signal for a predetermined time after the receipt of said intrusion signal; and
time delay means for delaying the actuation of said intrusion detector to allow a person sufficient time to exit said area to be protected after setting said intrusion detector; and
a portable receiver comprising:
means for generating said predetermined radio signal to activate said radio signal from said intrusion detector and for generating an output signal in response to said radio signal from said intrusion detector; and
display means for generating a visual display indicating an intrusion has occurred in response to said output signal.
2. The security system of claim 1 wherein the intrusion detector further comprises an independent source of electrical power enabling said intrusion detector to function independently of the power source of said home or the like.
3. The security system of claim 2, wherein said intrusion detector is an infrared sensor.
4. The security system of claim 2 wherein said independent source of electrical power is a battery.
5. The security system of claim 1 wherein said radio signaling transmitter further comprises means for encoding said radio signal, and wherein said portable receiver has means for making said portable receiver selectively responsive to said encoded radio signal.
6. The security system of claim 1 wherein said means for modulating further comprises a timer which counts down a pre-set number of minutes.
7. The security system of claim 1 wherein said display means is a visual indicator.
8. The security system of claim 7 wherein said visual indicator is at least one light-emitting diode.
9. The security system of claim 1 wherein said means for modulating said radio signal modulates said radio signal with time-dependent intermittent signals for said predetermined period of time.
10. The security system of claim 9 wherein a steady signal is transmitted after the expiration of said predetermined period of time.
11. The security system of claim 1 having a switch responsive to said intrusion signal to provide electrical power to said radio signaling transmitter means and said means for modulating.
12. The security system of claim 11 wherein said switch is an SCR.
13. The security system of claim 12 further comprising a reset means for manually resetting said means for modulating, said time delay means and said SCR after the occurrence of an intrusion.
14. A security system comprising
an intrusion detector to be set in an area to be protected which when activated will initiate an alarm sequence, said intrusion detector having intrusion detector means for detecting an intrusion, transmitter means for transmitting a radio signal indicative of said intrusion detection in response to activation by receipt of a transmitted radio signal of a predetermined frequency, and timing means activated by said intrusion detector means, said timing means including means for modulating said radio signal transmitted by said transmitter means to produce a modulated radio signal for a preselected period of time after said intrusion detector detects an intrusion; and
a portable receiver including means to transmit said radio signal for receipt by said transmitter means and responsive to said modulated radio signal from said transmitter means to generate a first visual signal and responsive to said signal transmitted by said transmitter means after said preselected period of time to generate a second visual signal.
15. The security system of claim 14 wherein said means for modulating is a blinker circuit producing an intermittent signal and said modulated radio signal is a time dependent intermittent radio signal.
16. The security system of claim 15 wherein said first visual signal is a blinking visual signal and said second visual signal is a continuous signal.
17. The security system of claim 14 wherein said intrusion detector further includes a battery connected to said intrusion detector means and a switch responsive to said intrusion detector means detecting an intrusion to connect said battery to said transmitter means and said timing means.
18. The security system of claim 17 wherein said intrusion detector means is an infrared detector.
19. The security system of claim 17 wherein said intrusion detector includes delay means for delaying the activation of said intrusion detector for a predetermined time after setting said intrusion detector to detect an intrusion to allow the home owner sufficient to exit said area to be monitored.
This is a Continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/427,433 filed on Apr. 24, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,570,079.
The present invention relates to a home security system and in particular a home security system which detects an intrusion in a monitored area with an infrared detector and includes a transmitter which transmits a time related radio signal to a portable receiver in the possession of the homeowner.
A simple method of sensing an intrusion electronically is via infrared detection. Varying levels of infrared radiation are monitored either actively, by first emitting IR and then evaluating the reflected signal, or passively, by only receiving the infrared frequencies radiating in the monitored area. Once a variation has been detected, the system must communicate the state of alarm. Several security systems employ telephone lines as a means to alert authorities, while other methods rely on door or window switches to trigger an alarm. These systems are both costly and difficult to install. Furthermore, if the homeowner is neither accessible by phone nor within sight of his home, he cannot be prevented from encountering the intruder while the intruder is still on the premises. If the homeowner could be made aware of the intrusion and how long ago the intrusion occurred, he could decide whether or not he should enter his home.
My co-pending application, Ser. No. 08/427,433 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,570,079 discloses means for passively sensing an intrusion, and transmitting the signal to a portable receiver in the homeowner's possession. The signal transmitted to the portable receiver being coded to reference the time of intrusion to the present time.
The present invention is an improvement over my prior application in that it does not require the radio transmitter to transmit a continuous signal after an intrusion has occurred and a predetermined time delay has been provided. Instead the intrusion signal is stored and only transmits the coded signal to the homeowner's receiver when it has been requested to do so by a signal from the receiver. This system saves energy and is less likely to malfunction or be affected by transient signals.
None of the prior art discloses such a system. An infrared intrusion detector which transmits to a portable receiver alerting a security officer and triggering a visual alarm is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,657 issued Jan. 10, 1989 to Vorzimmer et al. Unlike the present invention, the device taught by Vorzimmer et al. contains no mechanism which provides a reference as to when the intrusion took place. Although the theory of transmitting a radio signal to a remote portable receiver is disclosed in this patent, the purpose of transmission in the system taught by Vorzimmer et al. is to notify security personnel as soon as possible that an intrusion is currently in progress. It is not necessarily desirable for security personnel to be aware that an intrusion occurred at least thirty minutes ago.
The invention discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,543 to Binkley, however, does implement a timer to control the power supply to an infrared mail sensing device. The timer is actuated by a closed switch physically connected to the mailbox door and by the detection of reflected IR waves. The timer of the present invention is not activated by either of these means. Whereas the Binkley device relies on the generation, reflection and reception of IR waves, the present invention merely receives changes in the temperature resulting from body heat caused by movement of a person into the view of the detector lens. No external wiring for door or window switches is necessary to activate the present device.
A timer is provided to delay activation of the system until a predetermined time has elapsed to thereby permit the homeowner to leave the home without triggering the system. Once the detector has been turned on and the time delay has elapsed the detector system senses an intrusion by the reception of abrupt changes in IR levels as sensed by an IR receiving diode. Once the intrusion has been detected, an SCR triggered by the IR receiving diode supplies electrical energy to a timer and to second SCR or other switching means until a triggering signal is received by the second SCR from a receiver-transmitter carried by the homeowner. The timer, supplies electrical power to a blinker circuit which modulates the RF (radio) signal if one is at that time being generated by the transmitter. After a pre-set time such as thirty minutes has elapsed the output of the blinker circuit ceases terminating the modulation of an RF signal produced by the transmitter if one is being produced at that time. An RF signal transmitted by the homeowner's transmitter-receiver activates a signal from the transmitter of the detector as the homeowner approaches the home. The output of the transmitter modulated by the blinker is displayed for the pre-set time on the portable receiver device indicating a recent intrusion. This blinking signal indicates that the system detected an intrusion within a fixed period of time, such as within the last thirty minutes. Subsequently, a steady signal is displayed on the portable receiver device. This steady signal indicates that an intrusion was detected at least thirty minutes ago. The system also provides means for coding the transmitted radio signal for exclusive reception by the portable receiving device.
A better understanding of the present invention will be had upon reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing which is a block diagram view illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the intrusion detector device.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the portable receiver device.
With reference to the FIGS. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated and comprises an intrusion detector device 10 and a portable receiving device 50. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1 each intrusion detector device 10 includes an intrusion sensor 12 which is adapted to sense a variation in the emissions of infrared radiation in a monitored area. The intrusion sensor 12 is electrically connected to an SCR 16 through a delay timer, 14. Upon setting the intrusion detector device 10 to monitor the area, the delay timer 14 delays the activation of the intrusion detector device 10 by the intrusion detector 12 for a preset time. This permits the homeowner or the like to leave the protected area without triggering the system.
Electrical power may be received from a conventional household electrical outlet by means of an electrical wall plug 30, a transformer 32 and a voltage control circuit 34. The output of the voltage control circuit 34 is applied directly to the intrusion detector 12, the delay timer 14 and the SCR 16. Alternately the electrical power may be received from a battery 36. The intrusion sensor 12 generates an intrusion signal in response to a variation in infrared emissions in the monitored area after the delay timer 14 times out. The intrusion signal latches the SCR 16 to a conductive state. The SCR 16 remains in the conductive state until it receives a reset signal from the SCR/timer reset circuit 20. Furthermore, when the SCR 16 is latched on, a timer 18, electrically connected to a modulation or blinker circuit 22 is started. The timer 18 activates the blinker circuit 22 for a predetermined period of time after being activated.
The output signal of the blinker circuit 22 is connected as a modulation input signal to a transmitter 24 which upon activation generates a radio signal transmitted via an antenna 26. The output of the blinker circuit 22 is a time dependant intermittent signal which modulates the radio signals generated by the transmitter 24. The SCR 16 provides electrical power to a receiver 23 which is electrically connected to the transmitter 24 so that activation of the receiver 23 upon receipt of a predetermined radio signal by an antenna 25 causes the transmitter 24 to a modulated signal if the predetermined time period from the intrusion has not elapsed and to send a steady radio signal if the predetermined time has elapsed. The transmitter once activated by the receiver will continue to transmit until physically reset via the SCR/timer reset circuit 20.
The SCR/timer reset circuit 20 can be activated by manually latching on an external switch (not shown) on the intrusion detector device 10. The SCR/timer reset circuit 20 resets the SCR 16, the timer 18, and the timer delay 14.
Furthermore, the transmitter 24 is connected to a transmitter code selection 28 circuit which digitally codes the signal for reception by the receiver antenna 56.
The receiving device 50 shown in FIG. 2 has a transmitter portion 53 and a transmitting antenna 55. It also includes receiver 54, a receiver antenna 56, a receiver code selection 52 circuit, and an alarm indicator display 58. It operates remote from the transmitting device 10 on its own power supply. Typically, this power supply would be a battery 60. The receiver code selection 52 circuit is programmed to selectively receive the coded signal from the transmitter 24 of the intrusion device 10. The alarm indicator display 58, is electrically connected to the receiver circuit 54 generates a visual display in response to the signals received from the receiver 54 in response to the radio signals transmitted by transmitter 24.
When the transmitted radio signal is being modulated by the output of the blinker circuit 22 the alarm indicator 58 displays an intermittent or blinking visual signal, produced by a blinking light source such as a light emitting diode. This intermittent or blinking visual signal informs the homeowner that an intrusion has occurred within the time which was preset into the timer 18. If the transmitted signal is not modulated by the blinker circuit 22, then the alarm indicator 58 displays a constant visual signal preferably, in the form of a constantly lighted light emitting diode. This constant visual signal notifies the homeowner that an intrusion had occurred at a time prior to the time duration which is preset into the timer. The period of time the blinker circuit 22 is activated by the timer 18 enables an approximation of the time relative to the current time when the intrusion occurred so as to warn the homeowner of the possibility that the intruder may still be in the home. For example, if the visual display is blinking, less than 30 minutes have elapsed since an intrusion was detected.
As the homeowner or the like approaches the home he/she actuates the transmitter portion 53 to send a predetermined radio signal to the receiver 23. If there has been no intrusion while he/she has been away no signal will be returned from the transmitter 24. If an intrusion has occurred the receiver 23 will activate the transmitter 24 to transmit either a modulated radio signal or a steady radio signal depending upon whether or not the time as set by the delay timer 14 has or has not elapsed.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention provides a simple, inexpensive, and yet wholly effective system for detecting an intrusion as well as providing a warning to the homeowner of a potential encounter with an intruder if the visual signal displayed by the portable receiver is a blinking signal.
Having described my invention, however, many modifications thereto will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains without deviation from the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the appended claims.
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Wedding photography in a ... planetarium???
Started Sep 8, 2009 | Discussions thread
Contributing Member • Posts: 769 • Gear list
Hey neighbor, I would roll with the 28-70 on the 50D so you can MA the lens
and use the 10-22 and 85 on the 40D...
try the 50-250 but may not work, too slow...
Try to get a 580 speed light if you can the 430 is ok but slow and noisy....
SHillphoto's gear list:SHillphoto's gear list
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Home >
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Customer Reviews & Questions for SDG Ti-Fly Saddle with Titanium Rails 2013
The Ti-Fly is SDG's lightest fully-padded railed saddle.read more
Your Wiggle price:$112.69Buy Now
SDG SDG Ti-Fly Saddle with Titanium Rails 2013 4.6 5 5 5
Great saddle I have had this saddle for 6 months and it is lasting really well. The saddle is comfy and really light. I have the white black and red version and it looks great on my bike. 16 July 2013
Outstanding saddle at a great price. Performs a lot better than higher priced saddles. 31 March 2013
sore butt My first road saddle, maybe its me but dang this feels a stiff saddle, probably not done enough miles for it to bed in, but if it continues i'm going to buy something else. 31 August 2011
Got this saddle for my bothers mountain bike. Looks good on the bike. He used it for a mountain bike race and said it was quite comfortable for a lightweight saddle. So far happy with the purchase. 08 December 2010
Highly Rated Top quality saddle at a very light weight, I,ve got these on all three of my current bikes and cannot find fault with them. I know saddles are a personal thing but this one really should be tried before you rule it out for being too racy. 07 January 2010
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Hughes shuts down A's as Yankees beat Colon 4-2
NEW YORK Phil Hughes pitched eight shutout innings of four-hit ball for his first win of the season, and the New York Yankees beat the Oakland Athletics 4-2 on Saturday.
Chris Stewart and Lyle Overbay homered against Bartolo Colon, sending the A's to their only loss in the right-hander's six starts this year. Hughes (1-2) struck out nine and outpitched his former New York teammate for his first victory since Sept. 20 against Toronto.
Travis Hafner and Brett Gardner each had an RBI single for the Yankees, who bounced back from a 2-0 loss to A.J. Griffin in the series opener Friday night and improved to 7-2 on their 10-game homestand.
Oakland has dropped 10 of 15 after opening the season 12-4. The A's, who had won six of eight against New York, are 13-3 against AL West teams and 4-11 vs. everyone else.
Hughes, hit hard while losing his first two starts of the season, turned in his fourth consecutive strong outing of at least six innings and no more than two runs allowed. And this one was probably the best of the bunch.
The 26-year-old right-hander shut down an Oakland offense that began the day leading the majors in runs (164) and extra-base hits (105). He walked two against a team that entered with 142 bases on balls - 25 more than any other team.
Hughes threw 82 of his 118 pitches for strikes. Shawn Kelley gave up a leadoff single in the ninth and Oakland scored twice with Mariano Rivera on the mound in a non-save situation before he finished the six-hitter.
Showing late life and plenty of zip on his fastball, Hughes struck out five in the first three innings and induced a double-play grounder in the fourth. He retired Jed Lowrie with two on to end the fifth and fanned Yoenis Cespedes with a 93 mph fastball to begin the sixth.
Robinson Cano opened the bottom half with his 344th career double, tying Mickey Mantle for eighth place in Yankees history. He later scored when Hafner blooped a single well beyond a drawn-in infield.
That made it 3-0 and ended the afternoon for Colon (3-1), who gave up six hits over 5 1-3 innings - his shortest start this season. The 2005 AL Cy Young Award winner, who pitched for the Yankees in 2011, has walked only one in 37 1-3 innings this season.
Eduardo Nunez tripled off Chris Resop in the seventh and scored on Gardner's two-out single.
Stewart, batting ninth, led off the third with a drive to left for his sixth major league home run. Overbay sent Colon's first pitch of the fifth into the second deck in right for his fifth of the season.
One day after Adam Rosales hit a leadoff homer for the A's, John Jaso nearly duplicated the feat. His drive was caught by a leaping Ichiro Suzuki at the right-field fence.
Josh Reddick made a similar play for Oakland - in almost the same spot - against Gardner in the third.


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What kind of "demeanor" do you cultivate on the court?
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Join Date: Sep 2012
Posts: 491
If I am winning I am excessively gracious to my opponents. I have a smile permanently etched on my face and display earnestness at every opportunity. The wives and GFs of my opponents say that I am such a nice guy to the other women.
If I am loosing I must appear unhinged, I will take off my Harvard shirt and don a shirt from a CT taskforce I helped lead when downrange. I will talk about that time I was in" Fallujah with my men and it was real bad." When they assume I was in the military, I will say that I was not, I work in diplomacy and start talking about how the prettiest girls in the world are Tatar women.
They know what I say is true and I say it with a calmness and politeness so that no complaint could ever be filed;if it was it would never be upheld. I know how to get under folks' skin but rob them of a reason to articulate why i am doing so.
I did the full monty on a guy on Saturday and it did not work...maybe less mind games and more backhands....
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American Towman Magazine Announces Pop-A-Lock of Honolulu in the Top 1%
Pop-A-Lock of Honolulu Receives the 2012 Towman ACE Award.
Lafayette, LA (PRWEB) October 01, 2012
The American Towman Magazine recently announced its recipients of the 2012 Towman ACE Award. Of the top 1% of towing operations in the country, Pop-A-Lock of Honolulu was named for service and professionalism.
The magazine lists its criteria for receiving the award as meeting ETA's, expressed customer satisfaction, and overall professionalism.
Jack and Cathy Walker, owners of Pop-A-Lock of Honolulu say, "We strive to provide excellent service to every customer. This award serves as validation of our efforts."
The Walker's will receive the official ACE Award Certificate as well as the World Class Towman Coin. In addition, Pop-A-Lock of Honolulu will receive VIP recognition at the International Feast & Recovery Theater on Sunday, November 18 in Baltimore at the Baltimore Tow Show.
The ACE Award is co-sponsored by National Automobile Club, GEICO, National Motor Club and Nation Safe Drivers. Asurion, Road America, and Agero are listed as the nominating clubs.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/10/prweb9954552.htm


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Shop now and get Free Value Shipping on most orders over $49 to the contiguous 48 states, DC and to all U.S. Military APO/FPO/DPO addresses.
We want to ensure that making a return is as easy and hassle-free as possible! If for any reason you decide that your purchase just isn't for you, simply return the item within 30 days of receipt and we'll cover the cost of return shipping. Learn more about our Return Policy.
Made of luggage-grade plastic, the MTM Arrow-Plus Case is uniquely styled for several uses. The MTM Large Arrow Case has the capacity for 36+ arrows (up to 35" total length arrows), or 18 arrows and an average-sized quiver. In addition, this arrow case can hold two removable sights by their sight bars. It was designed for the older removal sight bars and may not be able to hold the more modern removal sights. Four large compartments are designed to hold wrist guards, tabs, stabilizers, scents, foot steps, range finders, etc. Or, you can use them to hold our Broadhead Accessory Box where the built-in Broadhead wrench will always be at your fingertips. Additional features of the MTM Arrow Plus Case are snap latches which resist impact resistant openings and double padlocks tabs for security.
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Underwater racket
The oceans are getting louder, and scientists want to know what that means for marine residents
By Emily Sohn, 18:59 PM February 2, 2011
Swimming can be as peaceful as it is fun. Underwater, no one can tell you to do your homework or clean your room. Everything sounds muffled, quiet and peaceful.
To the ears of a whale or dolphin, though, the underwater world is getting less peaceful all the time. Noisy ships are more common than they used to be. Sound travels faster and farther underwater than it does in air. In some cases, a single sound can travel all the way across the deep ocean. Changes in the environment are making the ...
Source URL: https://student.societyforscience.org/article/underwater-racket


text:
Forgotten evolutionist lives in Darwin's shadow
SANTUBONG, Malaysia As he trudges past chest-high ferns and butterflies the size of saucers, George Beccaloni scours a jungle hilltop overlooking the South China Sea for signs of a long-forgotten Victorian-era scientist.
He finds what he's looking for: an abandoned, two-story guest house, its doors missing and ceiling caved in.
"Excellent. This is the actual spot," he yells.
It is on this site, in a long-gone thatched hut, that Alfred Russel Wallace is believed to have spent weeks in 1855 writing a seminal paper on the theory of evolution. Yet he is largely unknown outside scientific circles today, overshadowed by Charles Darwin, whom most people credit as the father of a theory that explains the origins of life through how plants and animals evolve.
Now, in the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth, a growing number of academics and amateur historians are rediscovering Wallace. Their efforts are raising debate over exactly what Wallace contributed to the theory of evolution, and what role, if any, the spiritual world plays in certain aspects of natural selection.
Beccaloni, a 41-year-old British evolutionary biologist with London's Natural History Museum, is on a quest to return Wallace to what he sees as his rightful place in history. He and Fred Langford Edwards, a British artist making an audiovisual project about Wallace, are retracing the scientist's eight-year trip around Southeast Asia.
Unlike Wallace, Darwin spent two decades developing his theory of natural selection and had far more evidence to back it up, as presented in his defining work, "The Origin of Species," published 150 years ago. But Wallace reached the same conclusion before Darwin published his findings, and Beccaloni contends that Wallace deserves equal billing.
"The Darwin industry is what has distorted the whole of history," Beccaloni said. "People have just concentrated on Darwin and his life and work but they fail to see Darwin wasn't alone and he fits into a wider picture."
Wallace, a British beetle and bird collector, set off for Singapore in 1854. Eight years and 14,000 miles (23,000 kilometers) later, he returned to England as one of the most celebrated biologists after Darwin.
Often traveling with a lone assistant and enduring monsoons and malaria, Wallace collected more than 125,000 birds, beetles and other animals. Thousands were new to the West, including one he named Wallace's golden bird wing butterfly. He shot 17 orangutans and shipped their skins back to Britain, became a fan of the durian – a fruit known for its thorns and powerful odor – and admired the moral character and mental capacity of the Dyak people of Borneo.
But his biggest contribution to science was his writings in the Malay archipelago on evolution and natural selection, building on an earlier four-year trek to the Amazon.
In 1855, he laid out the Sarawak law – named after the place he wrote the paper, now a state in modern-day Malaysia – in which he described evolution as a branching tree. His forceful argument in support of evolution came at a time when creationism, or the idea that God created man, was the popular school of thought.


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Angry Girlfriend Teaches Cheating Boyfriend A Lesson (Photo)
Click here to see what a woman did to her husbands Apple products after finding out about his cheating ways.
Did Apple Kill the iPod Classic Too Soon?
And did they help to create an iPod black market by doing so?
Houston Mom Invents App That Locks Your Kid's Phone Until They Call You Back
Every kid who's begged their parents to buy them a phone has used the, "I can call you so you know I'm safe" line. And every parent who fell for it learned their kids are […]
Did This Man Go Too Far In Handling An Obnoxious Brat At Burger King?
There's a story online that we can't PROVE is real . . . but we sure hope it is. I'm not sure I'd have the mental quickness to do what he did, but listen to […]
Facebook's Memorial Day Miracle
While most people are gathering with the family or preparing for a big bbq or enjoying some relaxing time off for the Memorial Day Weekend…Facebook rolled out their newest proximity feature. This feature is a […]
Should Greg Download The 'Tracker App' For Girlfriend?
I received an email request to download a tracker app. Then my girlfriend follows up with "Did you get my request for Find Friends?"
We Spend Too Much Time With Apps On Our Phone
Angry Birds, Candy Crush, Words With Friends… 30% of people can not go without their apps!
The Twenty-Fifth Billionth Song Sold On iTunes!
Wow. itunes has sold it's 25th billionth song. So what was the song?
Most Disgusting App EVER??!!
It's not often that I test out an app that makes me nearly throw up on my iPhone, but iScab, a new game that simulates picking scabs off your skin, accomplished just about that. The […]
The Last Words Of Steve Jobs
Mona Simpson was the biological sister of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs and gave a moving eulogy a few days after his death. The New York Times printed the eulogy in yesterday's paper. In the eulogy, […]


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DERBY - Tommy Brown and County Line Grass and the Wildwood Valley Boys will return this year to the Cedar Valley Bluegrass Festival Friday and Saturday, July 10-11, at Cedar Valley, three miles west of Derby.
Tommy Brown will perform Friday night and twice on Saturday. He brings his popular, traditional bluegrass music back the the venue. His wife and son also play in his band, which has become a Cedar Valley favorite over the years.
Indiana State Police officers were in Perry County Thursday inspecting school buses at Tell City High School and Perry Central Community School. Master Trooper Roger Cannon said each summer troopers across the state inspect school buses to make sure they meet state standards.
Perry County is half a world away from the nation and people of Iran, in distance and in culture, but we suspect a good number of our readers have seen or heard about the bravery of the many Iranians who are voicing the need for change in their land. These new revolutionaries offer a glimmer of hope for their nation and the world community.
If the Pied Piper came calling today, would you follow? For me, I suppose, it would depend on the tune.
Last Friday marked the traditional date the legendary Pied Piper of Hamelin strolled out of the German town with its kinder in tow. It's only been a few weeks since I talked with a vacationing friend who had just visited Lower Saxony, where Hamelin is found and I've had the legendary piper on my mind.
In the June 11th issue of The News, Democrat (State Rep.) Russ Stilwell wrote a misleading piece titled Governor's budget would hurt Hoosiers. Here is what he didn't tell you.
Gov. Mitch Daniels made an honest attempt to meet House Democrats in the middle but they wouldn't have it. The Democratic proposal violates all of the governor's parameters and will go down in history as the least taxpayer-friendly budget of all time. If this budget is adopted it is a surefire path to the bankruptcies and tax increases that many other states are experiencing.
An "air quality action day" has been forecast for southwestern Indiana for Saturday, June 2, for ozone.
This includes Vanderburgh, Posey, Warrick, Perry and Greene counties in Indiana . Ozone levels are expected to be in the "unhealthy for sensitive groups" range on June 27. People with heart or lung disease, older adults, and children should reduce prolonged or heavy exertion when outdoors.
For more information visit the IDEM Smog Watch web site at www.in.gov/apps/idem/smog or call 1 (800) 631-2871.
TELL CITY – Perry County's deputy coroner said final results from an autopsy conducted Tuesday may not be available for two weeks, but once received, will help determine what killed a Thyssen Krupp Waupaca employee found early Monday inside the company's Tell City foundry.
John Gebhard told The News Monday that Frankie Jordan, 42, of Grandview was found slumped over the controls of a scissor lift he was operating. Paramedics were called at 3:41 a.m. and found Jordan pinned between the lift's railing and another piece of equipment.
TELL CITY — Fourteen performers advanced from Sunday's second round of Shoot for the Stars and will perform July 19 in City Hall Park.
Advancing to the third round are Ronald Riley, Leah Lasher, Dillon McKinney, Darian Oliva, Kensey Estes, Brittany Patterson, David McKinney, Euriah Bryant, Glenn Cronin, Clint Buechler, Jessica York, Kayla Kinnaird, Amber Wilbur and Heather Young.
Also performing July 19 as part of Tell City's Music in the Park series will be Abby Jenkins and the musical group Naked.
TELL CITY - Paul Alvey, executive director for the Perry County Recycling Management District, announced Tuesday he will resign from the position July 15.
The announcement came after the district's board of directors conducted an executive session before a regular meeting.
TELL CITY - Perry County commissioners approved at a June 17 regular meeting the employment of a company seeking to auction off some of the county's surplus vehicles and a replacement of culverts to help wildlife thrive.
The News reported after a June 1 meeting Jeff Kemper of SRI Inc., of Indianapolis sought to take on the sales of surplus county vehicles. He told them then two Ford Crown Victorias sold by the county last year for $420 each could have fetched more than $12,000 apiece.
Copyright © 2015
The Perry County News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Perry County, Indiana, and the surrounding area.


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Church Choir Music is your one stop shop for SATB Sheet Music. We have over 130 pieces of SATB sheet music arranged for Church Choirs with more added every month. Songs like I Have Been Blessed, I'm Blessed, I Just Stopped By On My Way Home, I Have Not Forgotten, Saved By Grace and many, many more.
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Fiordland Principal Retires After 18 Years
By FRASER, Bruce in Te Anau
FIORDLAND COLLEGE principal Bill Verrall retired yesterday after 18 years at the school.
Pupils and parents had learned of his departure only last week through the college newsletter, in which the board of trustees said he would retire immediately on advice from a medical specialist.
His news was a major surprise and disappointment, it said.
At his final assembly yesterday Mr Verrall spoke of the quality of the college's graduates. The college was known for not only top- flight graduates who won prizes and scholarships but for the far larger group of steady achievers — people who could walk into the job of their choice, he said.
Recruiters kept coming back to Fiordland College for talented pupils.
"They are picking out our people — they don't do that everywhere," he said.
He commended the pupils for their courtesy, maturity, honesty and care for one another. To have been part of so many young people's lives and to have watched their development and maturing had been a privilege, he said.
"To see you grow and change as human beings — there's no greater pleasure than being part of that," he said.
He declined to comment on his medical condition.
The board had appointed Wayne Dixon, recently retired principal of South Otago High School, as acting principal, Mr Verrall said.
Board of trustees, staff and student representatives thanked Mr Verrall for his work.
Past chairwoman of the board of trustees Jan Brown said he had touched many pupils' lives for the better during his time at the college.
She marked the moment by snipping the principal's tie, saying: "This is one thing you won't be needing any more." Staff and students gave him a plaque incorporating a recorder, since his office had been within clear earshot of music classes.
(c) 2008 Southland Times, The. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All rights Reserved.


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The ongoing truth of King's vision.
From 1963 to 1966, while teaching art history at Marymount College in Tarrytown, N.Y., I was in a Catholic religious community blessed with questioning and concerned women. I was already convinced the Vietnam War was wrong—a conviction born of morality and scripture, but with little political analysis. Martin Luther King's words in spring 1967 expressed some of my consciousness: "I was a clergyman ... and ... I accepted as a commission to ... bring the ethical insights of our Judeo-Christian heritage to bear on the social evils of our day. War is one of the major evils facing humankind."
How profoundly our lives today are molded by the racism, materialism, and militarism about which Martin spoke so powerfully. How do we hold ourselves, each other, our communities, our churches, and our nation accountable? Perhaps it is the same way we carry forward King's idea that our national identity is secondary to our spiritual identity. How do we speak to an imperial nation that assumes it is entitled to dominate and control not only the earth and seas but all of outer space? We know that it has the intention and it has the means—nuclear stockpiles with world-destroying capacity.
King's insight has been realized in the United States. Our nation's "war on terror" is but the latest example: an epidemic of violence in the service of the rich and powerful. President Bush continues the war of the powerful against the powerless, with new excuses, new imperatives, new lies. The war has cost upwards of a trillion dollars. We have experienced the hostility of the Islamic world, the anger of our allies, the diminishment of our system of government, the complicity of the media, the silence of Congress, and the apathy of citizens. War has not made us more secure; it has made us less free.
With King, I see our government possessing "power without compassion, might without morality and strength without sight." Along with others, I struggle to reclaim a moral compass, to remind our leaders and military of the need to lay aside the pursuit of domination in our world. We have no right to kill. And neither do we have the power, nor insight, nor ability, to control history.
Elizabeth McAlister, a founding member of Jonah House (www.jonahhouse.org [6]), a Catholic resistance community in Baltimore, is a Sojourners contributing editor.
[1] http://sojo.net/magazine/2007/04
[2] http://sojo.net/biography/elizabeth-mcalister
[3] http://sojo.net/magazine/2007/04/regaining-moral-compass#comment-covenant
[4] http://sojo.net/letter-to-the-editor?post=Regaining%20a%20Moral%20Compass
[5] http://sojo.net/donate
[6] http://www.jonahhouse.org


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GA Red - interesting story, but it's always helpful to give a bit more of a hint what the story's about (or even the thread).
I've not heard of Rick Asadoorian and it will be interesting to see if he makes it as a pitcher. Of course, he is nearly 27 and just now pitching in the Florida State League.


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School board should consider public stewardship
Local columnist T.J. Ray writes about the Oxford School Board looking into selling some school property and nots that the board should also consider the city and the neighborhood when making its decision. (November 20, 2014, Page 4A)
Juneteenth festival returns for third year
The third annual Juneteenth festival starts tonight at 7 p.m. on Martin Luther King Drive in Oxford. The event is celebration of the Emancipation Proclamation. (June 17, 2011, Page 2A)
Juneteenth Celebration
The community's second annual Juneteenth Celebration will be held at 3 p.m. June 19 on Martin Luther King Drive. This year's event will also include a parade at 6 p.m. June 18. Those interested in registering to participate by entering a float, car, bike, dance group or walkers, can call 662-701-9710. Parade entry and vendor booths are free. (June 7, 2010)


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The makers of upcoming Telugu period-drama "Rudhramadevi" have spent a lavish Rs.5 crore on jewellery for actress Anushka Shetty, who essays the role of princess Rani Rudhramadevi in the film.
"We had to keep everything as authentic as possible. From make-up to costumes to jewellery, we wanted authenticity. Therefore, we didn't hesitate to spend so much on jewellery worth Rs.5 crore. All this will make our efforts look authentic on screen," director Gunasekhar told IANS.
After "Baahubali", the second most highly anticipated Telugu film is "Rudhramadevia", which is also slated to release in 2015.
The film, which is also produced by Gunasekhar, features an ensemble cast of Rana Daggubati, Hamsa Nandini, Prakash Raj, Catherine Tresa and Baba Sehegal in important roles.
Maestro Illayaraja is composing tunes for "Rudhramadevi", which is the story set against the backdrop of Kakatiya dynasty.
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So excited for this movie, please complete shoot soon! :)
eagerly waiting for the movie to release.expecting a rocking performance from anushka shetty
Actor-filmmaker Kamal Haasan Tamil thriller "Thoongaavanam", which ...
Filmmaker Karan Johar will be releasing Hindi version of S.S. ...
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Fans don't have to wait to hear Godsmack's new album, "1000hp," in its entirety. The group is streaming the 11-song set on iTunes after releasing the singles "Generation Day" and the title track. The album brings Godsmack back to active duty after a hiatus following 2010's "Oracle," and frontman Sully Erna tells us that despite some trepidation the group fell back into gear pretty quickly: "We were just kind of getting everything in a good place, and what we liked and what we didn't. Ironically, two of the first singles we're gonna be going with were the last two songs written, like when we finally got in a room they weren't even part of the batch myself or they brought in. It was just one of those things where, 'We haven't wrote as a band. Let's just jam,' and there it was,man. It came back very quickly." Godsmack will be hitting the road to headline this year's Rockstar Energy Drink Uproar Festival tour, which kicks off August 15 in suburban Detroit, with Canadian dates to follow after the trek wraps.
For 30 years WDHA FM has done one thing…and only one thing….Rocked New Jersey. WDHA has always provided New Jersey with the Best Classic Rock while always introducing Jersey to the Future of Rock And Roll. Like you, we have that Jersey Attitude! WDHA's been ROCKING your community for 30 years and we aren't going away! So, CRANK IT UP TO 11…WE'RE 105.5 WDHA, "THE ROCK OF NEW JERSEY"…ENOUGH SAID!Your feedback is important! Click here to send us your comments or suggestions.