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Sept. 12, 1967 M. N. KAUFMAN ETAL 3,341,697
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE Filed Feb. 28, 1964 ll SheetsSheet 1 ANALOG TARGET INPUT I4 GENERATOR i DIGITAL INTEGRATOR c ANALOG T0 at m DIGITAL I l2 CONVERTER x E l IF is n w 9 A ANALOG SONAR INPUT 5L GENERATOR W A YOS SAMPLE. -&'
TIMER FIG. lo
INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND DOMINICK CAPUANO Sept. 12, 1967 Filed Feb. 28, 1964 M. N. KAUFMAN ET AL WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 ABSOLUTE TARGET STORAGE 'f X 3; 24% s 34 i T a 95 S.
THREE z SECOND "r M XT AMER-i SAMPLE-IR 20 .W 98 m 0L2 4M8 gs 9 AooER I 22 e EIGHT 3e SAMPLE i W DL3 4M8 Q12,
28 L W 0L4 4M5 -DL5 4M8 i, F(T) GENERATOR s2 SIN Bcosfl 4 I GENERATOR HS I 74 :m FIG. lb 4 INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND DOMINICK CAPUANO owm/ m 9 OEMEYS Sept. 12, 1967 M. N. KAUFMAN ET AL 3,341,597
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE Filed Feb. 28, 1964 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. lo
SQUARE 4o ROOT MULT l PLY SUBTRACT +x 52 ADDER 5M6 RETIMING DIVIDE X0039 5 cos MULTIPLY DIVIDE L F (SIN 9) 54 P HsmQ) GENERATOR 58 INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND DOMINIGK CAPUANO Sept. 12, 1967 Filed Feb. 28. 1964 M. N. KAUFMAN ET AL WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 RELATIVE INTERMEDIATE STORAGE F(sIN9),A 2 F($|N9) BEARING 0L6, 8M8 COMPARATOR [FISINB IE DISPLAY STORAGE swam -w DL7, aMs
k EIGHT 7 T8 62 Ms HT) SAMPLE AND P, F(T) HOLD IIo DL8, 8M3 m P F( I "2 F( T) ST 0L9, 8M8 -1 GREATER THAN RANGE A K CMPARATOR -M BEARING LIMIT COMPARATOR I NVEN TORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND DOMINIOK CAPUANO QQWWQ/ 22M;
Sept. 12, 1967 M. N. KAUFMAN ET AL 3,341,697
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE Filed Feb. 28, 1964 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 RANGE LIMIT SETTING DIGITAL (PING WIDTH) RANGE RANGE SWEEP COMPARATOR P CLOCK GENERATOR I A N w 0 GATE DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER I I20 AL I I22 y--- R l a FACTOR w V 5 F (P) COMPUTER A COMPUTER \H 6 IMULTIPLY h (w) COMPUTER I us WIDTH -D s ECHO a 3, GENERATOR (9 (AU I INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND DOMINICK cAPuANo FIG. {6
Mac 1 I GRTTEAWXS Sept 12, 1967 KAUFMAN ET AL 3,341,697
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE Filed Feb. 28, 1964 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 VIDEO GAIN SETTING SHAPER VIDEO ECHO IIII GAIN Mr I CONTROL LISTENING [F(SINI5)]W ANGLE wE-'($lN/ 1 COMPARATOR 96 I DIGITAL RANGE --III QLi P GATE SWEEP co cc A I00 GATE DIGITAL TO ANALOG IN TT G I02 CONVERTER --AuD|o GA SE IN dd J SHAPER AuDIo ECHO INVENTORGS I MYRON N. KAUFMAN I04 BERNARD GRAND DOMINIGK cAPuANo JWM/ 22W Sept. 12, 1967- M. N. KAUFMAN L 3,341,697
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE ll Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Feb. 28, 1964 mm mmomm o 50 08 102 582 52 368 moimmzmw EN 553mm. mfloz .1 23 Emzio $2582 moEmuzmw wfiwmw & .33 Emzigs & & & EZMREEQ vow @nllnl. m3 002 M662 NQN 55:8: 3OJ m MCI;
INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND BY DOMINICK GAPUANO 7 Mae ZZMA/ Se t. 12, 1967 M. N. KAUFMAN E AL 3,
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE l1 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Feb. 28, 1964 wow Emm A. NNN
mmdfw on 2w no 0 2N mwukw moEmEzoo m2; w w M65102; 2o 3* mwdi v #535 M65136 8N t vww M558 Qz mum INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND BY DOMINICK CAPUANO Sept. 12, 1967 M. N. KAUFMAN ET A 3,
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE ll Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Feb. 28, 1964 EzoZowEQioz mmEEnm mm 62 a: m a. I (D INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND fiTTo z s Sept. 12, 1967 M. N. KAUFMAN ETAL 3,341,697
WAKE SIMULATOR UTILIZING DIGITAL STORAGE Filed Feb. 28, 1964 ll Sheets-Sheet 10 CONTROL INVENTORS MYRON N. KAUFMAN BERNARD GRAND DOMINICK OAPUANO WHITE NOISE SOURCE Jumu HTTQRIYEJ 3,341,697 WAKE SHMULATUR UTILIZING DIGITAL STURAGE Myron Norman Kaufman, Massapequa, and Bernard Grand and Dominick Capuano, Plainview, N.Y., assignors, by direct and mesne asngnments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Filed Feb. 28, 1964, Ser. No. 348,924 9 Claims. (Cl. 235-184) The instant invention relates to simulator devices and is particularly directed towards a device for simulating the wake of ships using digital storage and arithmetic techniques.
The wakes of ships are simultaneously a problem and an aid to operators of active sonar devices. A wake acts as a reflecting surface which returns echoes to pinging sonars. Distinguishing a wake echo from a target or hard object echo is of value to the sonar operator since such recognition will prevent misinterpretation of sonar displays and at the same time allow the sonar operator to follow the wake to its source. Reflecting properties of a wake are not perfect. A portion of the sonar sound energy passes through the wake, consequently, objects (other targets as well as other wakes) beyond the wake are not totally eclipsed and return echoes of their own. The echoes received from objects in the wakes shadows are reduced by the reflected energy through the forward wake as well as the energy absorbed in passing through the forward wakes.
It is therefore an object of the instant invention to provide a novel system for simulating ships wakes on sonar receiving equipment.
A further object of the instant invention is to provide a novel apparatus for realistic simulation of ships wakes using digital storage.
Another object of the instant invention is to provide a novel wake simulator for realistic simulation of a wake over a long period of time.
Yet another object of the instant invention is to provide a novel wake simulator for realistic simulation of wake echoes for scanning types of sonar equipment mounted on moving vessels.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIGS. 11/z1 is a system block diagram for the wake simulator system for scanning non-stationary sonar;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the cavitation and coherent propeller noise generator;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the propeller modulation for a single propeller;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the reverberation generation simulator;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the sea state and random noise simulator; and
FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of the wake simulator display circuitry.
Previously utilized wake simulators were determined on the basis that the sonar transmitter remain stationary during the problem. This permitted information to be stored relative to the fixed sonar reference. The previously used fixed sonar reference non-scanning type sonars had the following limitations: no provision for change of relative position; very limited accuracy; limited to a non-scanning type sonar; and the number of crossovers was limited by the amount of circuitry. The present invention overcomes these previous difiiculties which limited sonar wake simulation to an unrealistic simulator capable nited States Patent only of simulating a limited number of wake echoes relative to a fixed sonar device for a non-scanning type sonar, by providing a wake simulator capable of simulating wake echoes for a long period of time for a scanning type of sonar which is moving relative to the position of the wake.
Referring now to FIGS. la-lf, the tar-get speed, own ship speed, heading and absolute X and Y positions are generated as shaft positions. These parameters are utilized for generating the target velocity in the X and Y direction, the sine and cosine of the heading angle, a function F(S of the speed analog voltages representing X and Y positions. Generation of these signals is performed in the analog target input generator 10. Similar signals are generated in analog form in the analog sonar input generator 12 for the own ship position and X and Y components in the X and Y directions. Signal outputs from 10 and 12 are converted to digital form by the analog to digital converter 14. They are integrated by digital integrator 16 (to establish the dynamic ship position) digitally. The target position is sampled by sampler 18, periodically, and the sample stored as a digital number in a magnetostrictive delay line 20 and 22.
All of the timing including the sampling interval is controlled by the sample scan age timer 24. The extent of the area and the accuracy requirements are dependent on the type of sonars. Problems required will determine the number of bits stored. The information is stored in five delay lines, respectively 20, 22, 26, 2S and 30. Each of these delay lines has sufficient capacity to store information equivalent .to fifteen minutes of track which is adequate considering that age modulation of the wake effect is approximately minus 6 db per minute. Samples are converted to relative information (relative to own ship) by means of the three second sampler 18, the delay lines 20, 22, 26, 28 and 30 and the eight millisecond sample and hold 32. This relative rectangular coordinate information is converted into polar coordinate information by means of adding circuits 34 and 36, multiplying circuits 38 and 4t), adder circuit 42, square root circuit 44, divide circuit 46, subtract circuit 48, adder circuit 50, divide circuit 52, multiplier circuit 54, divide circuit 56 and by F sine 0 generator 58. This polar coordinate information is stored in the intermediate delay line storage comprising delay lines 60, 62, 64 and 66. The information stored in the first and intermediate delay lines is time sequenced so it is not necessary to store age information, the age being implicit in the position of the stored bits. The position of the information as stored is kept track of by providing a digital sweep corresponding to the age generated in synchronism with the latest piece of information stored in the delay line. This digital sweep is shown as 68 and consists of generating a current age function which is precessed one slot of the delay line storage, each time new information is written.
Because the target is moving and the samples are discrete, there is need for spreading the information in order to generate a continuous track. The amount of spreading required is related to the range of the track; i.e., consider a close range for a slow target speed where the angular change in position for a fixed sampling interval may be large, and as a result, the spreading angle must be taken inversely proportional to the range. This spreading is accomplished by the eight millisecond sample and and hold circuitry 70.
Only the sine and cosine of the bearing angle are available, therefore bearing comparisons are accomplished by comparing the sine of the sonar scanning angle with the sine of the bearing angle in the bearing comparator 72. The nature of the sine function requires for the same angular accuracy, greater accuracy (more bits) for large angles, if this comparison is made on a straight sine-sine basis. Consequently, the information that is stored for comparison purposes is either a sine or a cosine depending upon the amplitude of this angle. For example, between zero and 45 the sine of the bearing angle is stored, for the bearing angle between 45 and 90, the cosine is stored. This technique results in a relatively linear relationship between the trigonometric functions and the angle, and the problem of comparing sine to sine at 90 or sine to cosine at around does not exist.
An intermediate set of delay lines 60, 62, 64 and 66 is used for storing the information derived at the first computation section. The information on the intermediate line is still stored in time sequence (based on the equations describing the absorption or reflecting characteristics of the wake). This is based on the age and the velocity of the target. Computations are performed in a digital computer for assessing the attenuation and function of each of the pieces stored in the intermediate storage.
An attenuation function A can be expressed in simple form as:
Interspersed Reflecting Wake Wake A: sin a F (T F(ST)F1(T) (2 where F(S is a function of the target speed while laying the interspersed wake;
F T) is a function of the wake segment age between the reflecting wake and sonar;
F (T) is a function of the age of the reflecting wake; and 0c is the target aspect (bearing angle 6-heading angle The attenuation information is stored in the delay line together with the bearing information for that particular piece. The bearing information is next compared as shown on the block diagram to the sonar scanning angle which is generated by the sine generator 74, comparison being made in bearing comparator 72. When the coincidence is made, the attenuation function A and the range information are gated by gate 76 to the last storage delay line 78 called the display delay line. Information out of this last storage goes to range comparator 80 where it is compared to a digital range sweep generator 82. Generation of a pulse out of the range comparator opens gate 84 and passes through the attenuation factor A. At the same time, a monostable multivibrator 86 is triggered and the output is passed through a modulator 88 and a shaping network 90. The output of this shaping network 90 is a video-type echo the amplitude of which is controlled by the A function as indicated. The video echo may be modulated with the carrier or passed directly to the video section of the display and represents the final video output of the scanning type wake simulator. The audio input into the sonar is generated in a similar way except that the comparison is made between the information stored and the manually selected azimuth position of the audio scan section of the sonar. The resultant signals may be modified by Doppler shift into the audio channels contributed by the own ship listening angle comparator 92 relative to its heading angle and speed. Wake echoes can be further modified by the effects of sea state conditions, etc.
The audio section comprises audio echo generator 94, range comparator 96, gate 98, gate 100, digital-to-analog converter 102 and shaper 104. A synchronous circulating display storage comprising bearing comparator 72, gate 76, sample and hold circuitry 70, display storage 78, greater-than-range comparator 1106, hearing limiter comparator 108, continuous circuitry 110, 112, and 114, F computer 116, H computer 118, the R factor computer 120 and multiplication block 122 which provides the attenuation factor to recirculate back into the timing ci-rcuitry is the key to the simulation of wake effects for high speed scanning sonar where both the sonar and targets may have motion. Because the information in the video storage is arranged in synchronism with the video scan only two numbers for each wake segment are stored. The display storage is divided into 48 sections, one for each beam width (7.5 for the particular sonar of interest). Each section may contain several roll and attenuation numbers to accommodate power of the tracks that cross back and forth from the same 7.5 sector. The range data is compared to a range sweep initiated by the sonar ping 74. When a comparison is made in the range comparator the wake segment attenuation corresponding to that Wake range is converted to an analog voltage by digitalto-analog converter 124 which is used to modulate a suitable carrier. This signal is routed to the video amplifiers Where due to the synchronism between the display storage and the PPI, it is displayed at the correct angular position. In this fashion each segment of the wake is displayed in a fast succession so that a continuous wake pattern of any track laid is presented in realistic fashion. Thus, it can be seen that with the use of a minimum number of components and non-complex circuitry realistic simulation of wake echoes can be made for scanning type sonars where the wake generator and the scanning sonar ship have relative motion between each other.
In order to add more realism certain effects are added to the wake simulation. These comprise propeller noise simulation for simulation of shaped random cavitation noise, inclusion of coherent machinery noise with cavitation noise, the effect of outphasing caused by multiple propagation paths and propeller beat modulation dependent upon the target speed. Propeller modulation generation will be provided. Reverberation generation will be provided and sea state and random noise generation will be provided.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the cavitation of coherent propeller noise generation. The source of cavitation noises is a broad-band noise generator 202. The random noise generator uses a gas discharge tube as a noise source. A transverse magnetic field is applied to the tube to eliminate the oscillation usually associated with a gas discharge tube and to increase the noise level at high frequencies. The noise output from the gas tube is amplified in a two-stage amplifier for appropriate spectrum shaping. The noise has a normal gaussian distribution. The wide noise generator is followed by a filter 204 which provides a realistic random noise spectrum. The filter is followed by a low frequency oscillator modulator 206. The low frequency oscillator tube can be varied continuously from .25 to 10 cycles per second. The low frequency generator is utilized to amplitude modulate the filtered noise channel. Percentage modulation is adjustable from nominally zero to and the modulated signal is adjustable in amplitude. The oscillator modulator output is routed to a multi-input summer buffer 210 which includes the effect of multiple propagation paths. Two machinery or coherent noise generators 212 and 214 are supplied as indicated in the diagram. Machine noises are continuously variable in frequency from to 15,000 cycles per second. Each of the noise generator outputs is routed to a low frequency oscillator with the output of the modulator routed to the multi-input summer buffer. The machinery noise generator is intended to simulate the efiect of engine machinery, auxiliary machinery, propeller singing and vibrating members on the hull.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the propeller modulation generator. The purpose is to generate a shaped envelope used to modulate the cavitation and coherent noises described above. The repetition rate of the modulation will be determined by the target speed and the target scale. These signals, target speed and target scale, are manual inputs. DC speed signal 216 is inserted into the input of an operational integrator which generates a sweep voltage 218. This voltage is determined by the target speed. This sweep is passed to a comparator circuit 220 which utilizes as reference signals target scale 222. When the sweep and reference signals are equal, the comparator generates a trigger which turns on a fixed width delay multi-discharge pulse 224. This pulse is passed to a buffer inverter 226 and is used to discharge the capacitor of the operational integrator after which the whole process is repeated. The rate of the delay multi-pulses are consequently proportional to the speed when related to the target scale. The delay multi-pulses are routed to a flip-flop 228, the output of which is square wave at half the frequency of the discharge pulse. The flip-fiop output is routed to a shaper network 230 which shapes the square wave to the required propeller modulation envelope. This shaped signal is routed to a balanced bridge modulator 232 where it modulates the cavitation and coherent propeller noise. The modulated propeller noise is routed to a potentiometer 234 which attenuates the propeller noise inversely proportional to the speed. The output of the speed modulation potentiometer 234 is routed to the audio and video channels to modulate the video echo and the audio echo signals for realistic simulation of propeller modulation noise. In order to simulate reverberation on the video and audio signals, a reverberation generator shown in FIG. 4 is utilized. The transmitted pulse 238 transmitted by the sonar initiates reverberation signal. The trigger is utilized to set a short delay multi 240 which has a time constant of approximately 50 microseconds and at the same time it resets flip-flop 242. At the end of the delay multi interval, the flip-flop is set, and the output of the flip-flop signal is differentiated in the shaper 244 wherein diode 246 prevents negative undershoots. The resulting exponentially falling wave form is passed to a multiplexer 248 where it is mixed with an 8,000 cycle signal. The 8,000 cycle CW signal is generated by mixing the outputs from a 100 kc. and a 108 kc. oscillator, respectively 250 and 252. It should be noted that both oscillators are situated in a common oven so that the frequency of the reverberation is stable. Since it is important that the frequency of the target echo with respect to reverberation frequency be 1 consistent, it will be necessary to include the target echo oscillator in the same common oven. The 100 kc. and 108 kc. signals are mixed in mixer 254 producing an 8 kc. signal which is mixed with the exponentially falling wave form. The output from the mixer 248 is passed through low-pass filter 256. This filter 256 has a cutoff at approxi mately 8,000 cycles to eliminate the harmonics generated in the mixing process. Note that 8,000 cycles is utilized here which coincides with the frequency of the sonar used. The own ship Doppler nullifier provision in the sonar set which is provided because of the static or stationary condition of the wake, makes it unnecessary to have any'wake'Doppler signal generated. Consequently, the 8 kc. signal generated in the reverberation carrier is utilized for generating the wake audio echoes. Reverberation output is routed to the non-directional noise summer where it is combined with the sea state noise to modify these simulated signals.
Sea state and random noise The wide'noise generator 202 is also used as a source of the sea state low frequency random noise. As shown in the figune, the broad-band wide noise source is routed to a resistor attenuator 258 which is utilized to supply broad-band noise to a manual sea state selector control 260. Six sea states from zero to five, are provided in this setup. The output of the sea state selector switch 260 is routed through a buffer 262, and is added into the video and audio displays for realistic background noise condition.
All of the target and wake noises are subject to low frequency random modulations due to the multiple propagation paths. Consequently, a very low frequency random noise is desired for simulating this effect by modulating the wake and target echoes generated. The frequency of the random noise will extend from DC to approximately 10 p.p.s. The source of noise utilized does not have very low frequency random noise components. Consequently, the circuitry shown comprising bridge T filter 264, filter 266, detector 268, filter 270 and the summing network 272 is utilized for generating random frequencies down to DC. A narrow band filter 266 is provided with a center frequency of 2,500 cycles per second. Consequently, the amplitude envelope of the 2,500 cycle signal generator is very slow. The envelope is detected by detector 268 and passed through a low-pass filter 27 0. The resulting output is low frequency noise of the type described. This low frequency noise will subsequently be used to modulate the video and audio signals generated to simulate the multi-propagation paths. The operation of the circulating display storage which provides proper video signals for a sonar display is as follows.
The digital memory has an access time of nominally 8 milliseconds in the preferred embodiment, which is equivalent to the sonar PPI scan rate of 120 cycles. The display storage is divided into 48 slots, each corresponding to a 75 increment of target bearing angle. \Vithin each 7.5 segment, capacity is provided for storing 7 samples of range (p) and attenuation factor (A) of a wake, which is enough to accommodate 7 target crossings at the same bearing. The eight-bit 2 number quantizes the range to 60 yards. The attenuation, A, is held as a 14-bit word to provide greater than db dynamic range. Two blank bit spaces are provided for each sample of p and A by forming a basic 24-bit word length. Consequently, the display storage capacity is 7 words per slot times 48 slots times 24 bits per word equal 8,064 bits. At a 1.024 megacycle digital clock rate, the display storage recirculation time is 7,875 microseconds (equivalent to 127 cycles). To obtain synchronism between the PPI and display storage the motor that drives the 48 position sonar scanning switch and the sonar sweep generator is disconnected. A computer synchronized 127 cycles per seconds signal is used to drive the synchronous motor which together with the resolver and a ping synchronized ramp provides the sonar PPI scan.
Referring to FIG. 6, the p, A and 0 (bearing angle) information stored on paper tape is converted to serial digital numbers temporarily stored in the buffer storage 202. A bearing angle counter which counts from 1 to 48 is used to select any 7.5 slot. Every 168 mircoseconds (7.5) the counter is stepped. The counter output is compared to the temporarily stored 0 number in the bearing angle comparator 304. Display storage line 306 which contains the range and attenuation numbers is synchronized to the bearing angle counter 308. When the counter is in position 1 it is possible to place information that has a bearing angle between 0 and 7.5 into the display storage line. Information related to a bearing of 7.5" to 15 is entered into slot 2 (168 microseconds later) and so on until, when the counter has reached the 48th slot (8 milliseconds later), the 352.5 to 360 portion of the delay line is available.
The digital range sweep is initiated in digital range sweep unit 310 by the sonar ping 312 after which a step sweep is generated consisting of 8 millisecond steps each having a weight of 7.5 yards. The simulated ping width is added to each range step. The range plus the ping width digital number and the range number alone represents the upper and lower limits of each range step. Once the input information is entered into the display line, it is repeatedly compared to the simulated radial sweep. When a segment of the wake is found to have a range line between the upper and lower limits of the ping, the gate is activated by the range limit comparator 314 and the A number is routed to the display storage 306. This attenuation number which defines the necessary intensity of the video is converted to an appropriate analog signal and is summed and scaled with special effects as described previously.
After all the numbers in the display storage line are scanned, compared and displayed, the maximum range number is detected by maximum range detector 316. At this time all the information in the delay line has been displayed and a total wake presentation viewed. When the maximum range detection is accomplished the old information in the delay line is erased and the tape reader updates the line with the latest wake information. This process of read-in, scanning, displaying and reading-in again is repeated every 20.5 seconds (time between pings) for fifteen minutes. The new information is a continuation of the previous information but contains data for an additional 20.5 seconds of movement and aging. In this way, a real time display of the wake is generated.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
1. A simulator device for simulating the wakes of ships on sonar equipment comprising in combination,
means for generating target speed, target heading and target position,
means for generating own ship speed, own ship heading and own ship position, first digital converter means, said first digital converter means being connected to said target speed, target heading and target position generating means, for conversion of said target speed, target heading and target position signals to digital form, second digital converter means, said second digital converter means being operatively connected to said own ship speed, own ship heading and own ship position generating means for conversion of said own ship speed, own ship heading and own ship position signals to digital form, integration means, said integration means being operatively connected to said first and second digital conversion means for integration of said digital signals to produce dynamic ship position signals in digital form, sampling means, said sampling means being operatively connected to said target position generating means,
signal storage means, said signal storage means being operatively connected to said sampling means whereby said target position signals are periodically sampled and stored in said storage means as a digital number,
timing control means, said timing control means being operatively connected to said sampling means for control thereof,
conversion means, said conversion means being operatively connected to said timing means and to said sampling means for converting said sampling information into relative rectangular coordinate information and polar coordinate information, intermediate storage means, said intermediate storage means being operatively connected to said converter means for storage of said relative rectangular coordinate and polar coordinate information,
digital sweep means, said digital sweep means being operatively connected to said timing means, to said first storage means and to said intermediate storage means for position control of said stored information in accordance with age,
spreading means, said spreading means being operatively connected to said intermediate storage means for spreading the discrete signals stored into a continuous track,
attenuation function generating means, said attenuation function generating means being operatively connected to said intermediate storage means, said attenuation function generating means generating signals representative of the attenuation of each sample of information stored in said intermediate storage means,
bearing comparator means, said bearing comparator means being operatively connected to said intermediate storage means for comparing bearing information stored to sonar scanning angle,
gating means, said gating means being operatively connected to said intermediate storage means for gating of the attenuation function information and the range information whereby whenever coincidence between bearing information and sonar scanning angle is made, the attenuation function signal and the range information are gated to a third signal storage means,
range comparator means, said range comparator means being operatively connected to said signal storage means for comparison of said stored range signals and an input digital range sweep signal,
and gate means, said gate means being operatively connected to the output of said range comparator means whereby coincidence of range comparator signals with digital range sweep signals generates a pulse which opens the gate and passes attenuation factor signals through as a video type echo signal whose amplitude is controlled by the attenuation function signals.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said first storage means, said intermediate second storage means and said third storage means each comprise a magnetostrictive delay line and a control circuit operatively connected thereto.
3. The combination of claim 2 and a shaping network, said shaping circuit being operatively connected to the output of said range comparator gate for shaping the video-type echo signal output in accordance with the attenuation function.
4. The combination of claim 3 and sea state condition generating means and signal modulation means, said signal modulation means being operatively connected to said video-type echo output signals and to said sea state condition gen erating means whereby said sea state condition generating means generates signals which modulate said video-type echo output signals in accordance with sea state conditions.
5. The combination of claim 4 and means for generating simulated audio signals.
6. The combination of claim 5 wherein said means for generating audio signals comprises circuitry identical to that of the video echo signal generating means.
'7. The combination of claim 6 and Doppler shift generating means and signal modulation means, said signal modulation means being operatively connected to said Doppler shift generating means and to said audio signal echo generation means whereby said Doppler shift generation means generates signals for modulating said audio signal in simulation of Doppler shifting of signals.
8. The combination of claim 7 wherein said sea state condition generating means comprises,
means for generating propeller noise simulation,
meands for generating propeller modulation generation,
means for generating reverberation generation, said propeller noise simulation means comprising,
a white noise generator means,
a low-pass filter means, said low-pass filter means being operatively connected to said white noise generator means for filtering of said noise signal,
oscillator modulator means, said oscillator modulator means being operatively connected to said low-pass filter means whereby said noise signals generated provide signals for modulation of the video-type echoes.
9. The combination of claim 8 wherein said propeller modulation generation circuits comprise,
time sweep generation circuits, said time sweep generation circuits being controlled by input speed signals,
comparator means, said comparator means being operatively connected to said time sweep generation circuits for comparing said time sweep with said target scale signals,
discharge pulse means, said discharge pulse means being operatively connected to said comparator means for control thereby, said time sweep generation circuits, said comparator means and said discharge pulse means forming an integrator which generates :a sweep voltage level which is dependent on the target speed,
frequency dividing and shaping circuitry, said frequency dividing and shaping circuitry being operatively connected to the output of said integrator for frequency division and shaping of the integrated pulses,
modulator means, said modulator means being operatively connected to the output of said frequency No references cited.
MALCOLM A. MORRISON, Primary Examiner. J, RUGGIERO, Assistant Examiner.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Geoff Calkins: Maybe it's time to back Zach attack
He was one of the last two Grizzlies remaining in the locker room, tidying up, toweling off, strapping his dueling cell phones to his jeans.
I asked Zach Randolph if he had a favorite play from the night's work.
Randolph broke out in an impossibly big smile.
"The block," he said.
Which is perfect, isn't it?
The man scores 30 points Friday night to carry the Grizzlies to their first win of the season. He has six massive offensive rebounds and three feathery assists.
And all he wants to talk is the time -- the one time? -- he got Chris Bosh's shot.
The Grizzlies had been trying to keep up with Bosh and the Raptors all night. They had finally drawn within two. So the Raptors went back to Bosh, and Bosh took it to the rim, and ...
"I got him," Randolph said, his smile now verging on a laugh.
The block led to a layup. The layup lifted the Grizzlies into a tie. The tie turned into a win, and a celebration, and an enormous sigh of relief.
Maybe the Grizzlies won't be as awful as they appeared to be in the opener. Maybe owner Mike Heisley got this one right.
Maybe Randolph will emerge as a battling, bruising metaphor for the Grizzlies, the leader of a franchise determined to change the way it -- and he -- is perceived.
NBA fans have just about given up on Randolph?
The Grizzlies know how he feels.
Randolph is weary of being ripped and/or laughed at?
This franchise knows his pain.
The Grizzlies handed out T-shirts at the opener. "We're in this together," the shirts said.
It's hard to imagine a player who symbolizes that slogan more than the man they call Z-Bo.
The guy has just about run out of chances. He's on his fourth team since 2007.
If he's going to reclaim his career, it'll be in Memphis. And it won't be by getting a mess of points and rebounds.
It'll be by winning games. By doing the one thing people say he can't do.
If he can win games with the Grizzlies -- where nobody wins games -- what can anyone say then?
So there he was Friday, playing with a rotund fury. Although, he's not rotund so much as he's just wide. Grizzlies coach Lionel Hollins likes to call him a beast. Nothing is soft about Randolph except his massive hands.
But what stood out more than anything over the first two games was Randolph's flat-out determination to win.
He exhorted, he encouraged, he ranted and he led.
Example No. 1: Late in the Toronto game, Griz up by four, rookie DeMarre Carroll put Hedo Turkoglu on the line for three foul shots. It was an awful foul. Dumb rookie mistake. And Carroll might have let it get him down -- except, right then, in his face, was Z-Bo, telling him he'd bust him if he did.
Example No. 2: On a night when Bosh put up 37 points, 25 points of them in the first half, it would have been easy for Randolph to try to match him point for point or, better yet, overtake him by jacking up 3s. But you know how many 3s Randolph took Friday against the Raptors? The same number he took in the opener: Zippo. Because he's intentionally trying to fit into the Grizzlies' scheme.
"I can shoot the 3, but I'm going to leave that alone this year," he said. "I have a totally different mindset this year."
Which is to say, a winning mindset. So far, so good. Randolph's bruising play has fed into Marc Gasol's bruising play, which has fed into Carroll's bruising play. If the three of them keep it up for another dozen games or so, a team identity might start to emerge.
Or not. It's early, of course. Randolph could do something stupid. People aren't going to believe in this player -- or this franchise -- until they see sustained success.
But for two games, the guy's been fabulous. Why not at least celebrate that?
So with high hopes for more to come, here's to the new kid -- on the block.
To reach Geoff Calkins, call 529-2364 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Hear his radio show, "The Geoff & Gary Show," 11 a.m.-1 p.m. Monday-Friday on 730 Fox Sports.
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A large-scale, multinational phase 3 trial of the experimental drug ataluren has opened its first trial site, in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Biopharmaceutical companies Acceleron Pharma and Shire announced April 21, 2011, that MDA-supported clinical trials of ACE-031 for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have been halted.
Turning neuromuscular disease research into treatments as quickly and effectively as possible was the overarching theme of dozens of formal presentations, nearly 200 scientific posters, and countless informal conversations at the MDA Scientific Conference, April 21-24.
A palpable sense of excitement pervaded the sold-out event thanks to the unprecedented number of experimental treatments in clinical trials for neuromuscular diseases, and the unique opportunity the conference provided for information-sharing and collaboration among scientific professionals from many disciplines.
The Muscular Dystrophy Association's annual conference being held in Washington, D.C., on April 21-24, 2013, is centered on the theme Therapy Development for Neuromuscular Diseases: Translating Hope into Promise.
MDA has awarded $1 million to biopharmaceutical company ARMGO Pharma for development of a new strategy for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has said it will consider an application for accelerated approval for eteplirsen, an experimental drug for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), after it reviews additional data from clinical trials of the drug.
The exon-skipping drug drisapersen has shown encouraging results in an international phase 2b trial in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) caused by specific mutations.
Eteplirsen, an experimental exon-skipping therapy designed to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) caused by specific mutations in the dystrophin gene, continues to show sustained benefit on walking distance through week 74 of a phase 2b, 12-person study.
Drug development and identifying new leads for possible drug development are in the news for five neuromuscular diseases in MDA's program.
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Two Equal Fastest Furlong Time at OBS Show
The marathon six-session under tack preview for Ocala Breeders' Sales Co.'s spring sale concluded April 18 at Ocala Training Center with Hips 1,001-1,203 breezing for prospective buyers.
The marathon six-session under tack preview for Ocala Breeders' Sales Co.'s spring sale concluded April 18 at Ocala Training Center with Hips 1,001-1,203 breezing for prospective buyers.
Iowa's Dennis Albaugh collects Chevys, racehorses. Download Now
Prominent jockey Cornelio Velasquez was taken to a hospital and two horses died from injuries in a midstretch accident in the eighth race over the inner track at Aqueduct Racetrack Dec 5.
Aikenite, a multiple grade II stakes winner, will stand at John and Leslie Malone's Bridlewood Farm in Ocala, Fla., for the 2015 breeding season.
Equine Sales Co. of Louisiana's open yearling and mixed sale Oct. 26 posted large gains in average and total receipts.
Two-time Horse of the Year Wise Dan faces the stiffest challenge of his remarkable return from colic surgery when he takes on Seek Again and Silver Max among seven rivals in the $1 million Shadwell Turf Mile (gr. IT) Oct. 4.
Keeneland's September yearling sale Sept. 8-21 is widely expected to maintain recent momentum in the Thoroughbred market with good balance between supply and demand.
One year after London Bridge became the first New York-bred to win a race at the Breeders' Cup World Championships, horses bred in the Empire State are securing spots with an eye toward doing more damage at this year's event. read blog
New York-bred Startup Nation rolled to an impressive victory Aug. 28 in the $200,000 With Anticipation Stakes (gr. IIT) at Saratoga, surviving and inquiry and claim of foul to earn his first graded stakes score.
A change in location and a strong catalog propelled the Minnesota Thoroughbred Association yearling and broodmare sale to record levels Aug. 11.
Sale executives and consignors are feeling optimistic about Fasig-Tipton's July select yearling sale, which kicks off the major yearling auction season in Lexington July 14 starting at 10 a.m. EDT.
B. Wayne Hughes' Spendthrift Farms announced its 2014 stud fees for 21 stallions both Kentucky-based and regional, led again by leading sire Malibu Moon whose fee jumped from $70,000 to $95,000 stands and nurses.
Fashion comes in every form at the racecourse. read blog
Wheeled back in 11 days after breaking his maiden, Bashart led all the way to capture the $200,000 With Anticipation Stakes (gr. IIIT) with style Aug. 29 on the turf at Saratoga Race Course.
The With Anticipation Stakes (gr. II) Aug. 29 at Saratoga Race Course promises to reunite Tiger Bourbon, General Jack, and Bashart, the top three finishers from a July 12 maiden race on the Belmont Park turf.
After winning his seasonal debut at Colonial Downs, grade II winner Hudson Steele appears to be well prepared for a start in the $150,000 Oceanport Stakes (gr. III) July 28 at Monmouth Park.
by Anne Peters
One could attribute the success of Kitten's Joy as a sire to the many savvy breeders who stepped out of their comfort zone to use a turf stayer, but that would be wrong.
Atigun and Air Support head a solid field of eight older horses, including Swift Warrior, ready to duke it out in the $300,000 Colonial Turf Cup Stakes (gr. IIT) June 22 at Colonial Downs.
Favored Boisterous salvaged a rough weekend for Phipps Stable and trainer Shug McGaughey with a timely 1 1/4-length victory in the $202,500 Monmouth Stakes (gr. IIT) on the turf June 9 at Monmouth Park.
Paddy O'Prado's first reported foal is a chestnut colt born Jan. 13 at B. Wayne Hughes' Spendthrift Farm near Lexington.
Calumet Farm has listed stud fees for three new stallions scheduled to spend the 2013 breeding season at the historic Thoroughbred operation near Lexington.
Aikenite, a multiple graded stakes-winning son of Yes It's True who campaigned for Dogwood Stable, has been purchased privately for stallion duty by Calumet Farm.
Dogwood Stable's dual graded stakes winner Aikenite has been retired from racing after re-injuring an ankle while prepping for his final appearance in the Ack Ack Handicap (gr. III) at Churchill Downs.
While Breeders' Cup Mile (gr. IT) contender Wise Dan captivated the attention of many on the Keeneland grounds with his morning breeze Oct. 20, Willcox Inn, Atigun, Golden Ticket, and Brown Almighty were also on the worktab.
Opening day at Keeneland offers one of the last gateways to a spot in the Xpressbet Breeders' Cup Sprint (gr. I), and it's a wide open contest.
|Breeder / Owner
|Todd A. Pletcher
|Dean's Kitten
|Michael J. Maker
|Golly Day
|George Weaver
|Todd A. Pletcher
|Jung Man Scott
|Richard E. Dutrow, Jr.
|Mississippi Hippie
|Wesley A. Ward
|Paddy O'Prado
|Dale L. Romans
|Quick Money
|Michelle Nevin
|Red Rally
|Merrill R. Scherer
|Strike the Tiger
|Wesley A. Ward
|Turf Melody
|H. Graham Motion
|Two Notch Road
|Glenn R. Thompson
|Jose M. Jimenez
|Albuquerque Distaff H.
|Paradise Creek S.
|Louisville H. (gr. IIIT)
|Fancy Buckles S.
|Alachua H.


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Park Place Apartments1661 259th St Apt 110, Harbor City, CA 90710 View On Map (310) 326-0224
For rates, availability, and other information fill out the availability request form and a representative from Park Place Apartments will contact you shortly
Park Place Apartments is located in the Los Angeles Area in the 90710 zip code. View this apartment on a map.
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Sustainable interior design highlights from ICFF
Our favorite eco-friendly and ethical products from the 2015 International Contemporary Furniture Fair in New York City.
Latest Stories from TreeHugger
Sustainable interior design highlights from ICFF
Our favorite eco-friendly and ethical products from the 2015 International Contemporary Furniture Fair in New York City.
Colombia considers unleashing caterpillar army to attack cocaine crops
From the 'what could ever go wrong' file.
School cafeterias now offering compostable plates at mealtime
Good news! An alliance of the largest school boards in the U.S. has opted to spend a bit more on compostable plates in order to cut down on waste.
Portland takes a car lane and makes it a mile-long pop-up park
Decades ago a prescient Portland mayor tore down a freeway to make a riverside park in the heart of Portland. Now transportation wonks are taking a traffic lane to expand that park with a pop-up ped and bike lane.
Texas to Tesla: Get off my lawn...
Lone star state is closed for business...
Eyes not required: The octopus can "see" light with its skin, scientists discover
Nature blows our minds, once again.
13 story timber tower to be built in Quebec City, will be tallest in North America
The plyscraper era has begun as Cross Laminated Timber towers start popping up everywhere.
Photo: Great Egret feeds its chick
Young Great Egrets can be quite aggressive as they compete for food, which is usually fish.
Shigeru Ban to build cardboard tube shelters for Nepal earthquake relief effort (Video)
Low-cost and effective disaster relief shelters made out of recycled cardboard tubes will be coming soon to Nepal.
Top 10 new species for 2015
From a cartwheeling spider and a bird-like dinosaur to a fish that makes beautiful circles on the seafloor, these curious creatures made the annual list created by an international committee of taxonomists.
Universal energy 10 times cheaper, twice as fast with renewables, says campaign
A market-based, distributed, clean energy future is not just possible. It's the best option we have.
Nonprofit transforms lives through upcycling
Pivot Program is a non-profit that provides job training to people who have been homeless or formally incarcerated.
Reclaimed wood module combines lighting & furniture in one stackable unit
Made with wood recycled from local boardwalks and construction sites, this flexible piece can double as both lighting and furniture.
London's first 'social supermarket' turns food waste into job training
From selling discount groceries to low income families to providing resume training and debt coaching, the Community Shop is changing lives.
80% of sunscreens are ineffective or harmful, according to new guide
Your sunscreen is probably worthless, harmful, or both, as only 21% of the 1,700 sunscreen products analyzed by EWG were found to be both effective and safe.
Almost everything you need to survive in the woods is in the SURVCO Tactical Credit Card Axe
Warning: animal loving TreeHuggers might not like this multi-tool that stabs, shoots and chops.
Ecocapsule is the egg-shaped tiny home that can go off-grid and off-pipe
Open the pod bay doors, Hal
The canoe trip of a lifetime
How six young men are pursuing 'adventure for adventure's sake' as they paddle upstream across the North American continent this year.


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Cheap KSM to Arctic Village flights
Popular Flights from St. Marys, Alaska
Popular Flights from Arctic Village, Alaska
Top Arctic Village Flights to US Destinations
KSM to ARC Route Map
St. Marys to Arctic Village Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from St. Marys AK to Arctic Village AK.
659.99 miles
KSM - St. Marys AK Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the St. Marys (KSM) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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CanadianChic's Corner - The NON-Chat Cafe Bar and Bistro
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Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: Cackalacky South
Posts: 1,401
Originally Posted by
Mike Bulgakov
Of course, pickled herring is best taken from a bistro along with dill pickles and dark rye. It is then best enjoyed in a cab with Stolichnaya on the way home.
In Russia, herring on rye bread is often a very basic dish, served as an appetizer with many other dishes. There are many good Russian recipes for salads with pickled herring.
I would recommend the basic Danish smørrebrød, which is a buttered dark rye single piece of bread, pickled herrings (not too much), red onions, and fresh dill. Other ingredients, like capers, are often added. In Denmark, this is usually served with with other kinds of smørrebrød.
On its own, it might be a little dull, depending on the quality and freshness of the pickled herring. Using a little imagination is a good thing here.
Another option is to go the Midsommar route. I like to have small potatoes with sour cream and chives, and a Russian-style beetroot salad (not a traditional part of the meal, of course) with pickled herring.
I notice the last Danish football hooligan leave the Bistro. She was using the lemur as a pillow. He is pretty angry.
Being the quoted is the only post i have read in this thread (legendary thread by post count) it is clear to me if i start from the beginning i will not leave my 'puter (yes ok, it's a mac) for days. And my family is not tolerant of such behavior.
May I simply jump in as a stranger? Are you tolerant of this behavior? I like you folks based solely on that one post. No ****. And not in a 'flattery will get you...' sort of thing.
Thanks in advance.
View Public Profile
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Vado News
- Samples Of The Week: April 24Apr 24, 2014 at 10:30amWhen hip-hop began, samples were all that DJs and producers had to construct instrumental tracks with. They'd dig through crates of vinyl trying to find isolated drum breaks, melodies or vocals that they could repurpose for use in hip-hop music. Today, sampling has become less common, but a choice sample can still push a track from lukewarm to hot faster than you can say "uh-huh honey".
- Review: Vado's "Sinatra EP"Feb 13, 2014 at 08:15pmFor Vado, Sinatra represents much more than just another one of the several tapes he has dropped over the past few years. The smooth flowing Harlem representer is in the midst of a crucial part of his rap career. The Dipset affiliate went from NYC --> MIA to link up with DJ Khaled and in 2013 he signed with Khaled's We the Best label. He dropped the fourth installment of his Slime Flu series this past August, but for Vado, and in comparison to Vado's previous releases, Slime Flu 4 was just "alright" - far short of spectacular.
- N.O.R.E.'s Good Belt Gang To Release Compilation "Resource Room" [Update: Stream The Project]Feb 11, 2014 at 12:40pmWith N.O.R.E.'s ensemble, the Good Belt Gang, releasing tracks left, right and center for the past few months, we have been keenly anticipating their compilation, Resource Room. On February 11th, he will be releasing the Good Belt Gang project in full.
- Ace Hood Drops Highly Anticipated "Starvation 3" MixtapeJan 17, 2014 at 03:07pmAce Hood started 2013 off with the release of his Starvation 2 mixtape, and he's starting 2014 off in a similar fashion. The We The Best rapper has delivered the highly anticipated new installment in the series, Starvation 3, which finds him handling the majority of the project solo. He has recruited a few friends to help him out however, enlisting We The Best labelmates Mavado and Vado on two respective tracks, and calling on Kevin Cossom for a third.
- Vado Unveils Cover Art For "Sinatra" EPDec 26, 2013 at 10:13amVado has been pushing his new Scott Storch-produced single "Look Me In The Eyes" which features Rick Ross and French Montana, as he leads up to the release of a new EP, Sinatra. The EP is supposed to arrive in 2014, and yesterday the We The Best rapper took to his Instagram to unveil the cover art for the extended play. Peep it in the gallery above, and listen to his single below.
- Artwork & Tracklist Revealed For Vado's "Slime Flu 4" MixtapeAug 9, 2013 at 01:05pmLooking to reassert himself on the hip hop scene after being lost in label purgatory. Now joining with DJ Khaled on We The Best he is primed to drop his next mixtape, a new Slime Flu installment.
- DJ Khaled On "Suffering From Success" And Potentially Signing VadoFeb 16, 2013 at 12:50pmAfter dropping one of the biggest compilation albums of last year with Kiss The Ring, DJ Khaled has been enjoying immense success, but has also become weary of the pitfalls of that success, hence the name of his next project Suffering From Success. In a recent interview, the We The Best mogul talks about coping with the behind the
- Vado Discusses Cam'Ron's Reaction To Him Leaving Dip SetFeb 9, 2013 at 12:39pmAfter recently officially inking with We The Best, Vado talks about his decision to leave Interscope, and goes into detail about his relationship with Cam'Ron, and how Cam reacted when he decided to leave Dip Set. He says their relationship is fine,
- Vado On Possible "Super Group" With Juelz Santana, Fabolous & Lloyd BanksJan 30, 2013 at 04:44pmRumors have been floating around about where Vado will sign after leaving Interscope, with most of the material coming from the rapper himself. He was said to have signed with DJ Khaled, but then recanted the statement. Now, in a recent interview


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Foreign AffairsThis well-edited and attractively presented volume provides readers with significantly more thoughtful and wide-ranging information than they will easily find on the Web; students in particular would be wise to consult it. Except in its language, which is uniformly accessible and mercifully free of the jargon that plagues contemporary scholarship, this encyclopedia reflects the atmosphere and the concerns of the contemporary academic community as effectively as Diderot's encyclopedia reflected the French Enlightenment.
— Walter Russell Mead


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Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy can be effective in preventing suicide. Continued contact with a health care provider has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of suicide, especially in the early weeks after discharge from a hospital. However, psychological autopsy studies and toxicological analyses indicate that many people who complete suicides are not under treatment for mental illness at the time of death. Accurate information on treatment utilization by persons at risk for suicidal behavior, efficacy or effectiveness of existing interventions and cost of treatment are not possible without accurate assessment of suicidal behaviors. Data on the reasons for under-treatment must be used to design corrective programs.
Several prevention programs have been developed that look promising. However, many prevention programs do not have the long-term funding that would allow them to assess reduction in the completion of suicide as an endpoint. The low base rate of suicide, combined with the short duration of assessment and the relatively small populations under study make it difficult to acquire sufficient power for such trials. As described in Chapter 10, to assess the incidence of suicide in a general population where the rates are between 5 and 15 per 100,000 with a 90 percent confidence requires almost 100,000 participants. These populations can only be recruited through large nationally coordinated efforts.
Extensive epidemiological data describe the suicide rates among various populations. The rates of suicide in the United States are exceptionally high in white males over 75 years of age, Native Americans, and certain professions, including dentists. Studies from across the world find higher rates of suicide in rural areas as compared to urban ones. Much is known about the general trends, but no data set provides a picture of evolving risk and protective factors at the national level. Globally, a million suicides are estimated to occur each year, but there is no coordinated effort to understand responsible factors or reduce the death toll. Major changes in rates of youth suicide remain unexplained. Population laboratories could provide data on a much larger population.
While each center might be able to obtain a sufficiently large sample for studies in the general population, a consortium of centers will be necessary to fully explore differences based on region, economic environment, culture, urbanization, and other factors that vary across the country. Furthermore, certain subpopulations may be sufficiently small or low risk to require broader recruitment than one center could access. For these


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Book Search
Interacting Selves
Systemic Solutions for Personal and Professional Development in Counselling and Psychotherapy
To Be Published November 30th 2015 by Routledge
Mental Health Services for Vulnerable Children and Young People
Supporting Children who are, or have been, in Foster Care
Series: Routledge Advances in Health and Social Policy
More than half of children either in foster care, or adopted from care in the developed world, have a measurable need for mental health services, while up to one quarter present with complex and severe trauma- and attachment-related psychological disorders. This book outlines how services can...
To Be Published September 1st 2015 by Routledge
Systemic Therapy and Attachment Narratives
Applications in a Range of Clinical Settings
Professional interest in the clinical applications of attachment theory continues to grow and evolve, and at the same time narrative approaches are also gaining ground. This book explores how attachment-based ideas can be used in clinical practice by offering a practical and sophisticated...
Published February 27th 2009 by Routledge
Narrative Therapies with Children and their Families
A Practitioner's Guide to Concepts and Approaches
Narrative Therapies with Children and their Families introduces and develops the concepts and principles of narrative approaches to therapeutic work and demonstrates how narrative based approaches to practice provide a powerful and client friendly framework for engaging and working with troubled...
Published July 28th 2005 by Routledge


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The National Endowment for the Arts has made a preliminary decision saying Kansas is once again eligible to receive federal matching funds for arts programs. That decision was revealed during a meeting of the state's arts agency Friday.
When Governor Sam Brownback vetoed state arts funding in 2011, Kansas lost federal matching dollars. With some arts funding restored, the NEA says Kansas could be eligible for up to $560,000 in matching funds this fiscal year.
Peter Jasso, director of the Creative Arts Industries Commission, called the decision great news.
Eight Kansas arts organizations are receiving grants totaling $58,400 from the Kansas Creative Arts Industries Commission. The grants come two years after Governor Brownback vetoed all arts funding in the state. The Commission formed in 2012 when the legislature restored a part of that funding following significant backlash.
The grants:
Arkansas City Area Arts Council, Arkansas City
Bob Workman was named director of the Ulrich Museum in November of last year. He has a strong arts and museum administration background that started at the Ulrich back when he was a student at Wichita State University in the late 1970s.
"This is the place that really launched my art career, so when the opportunity presented itself to return to Wichita and lead the Ulrich to its next phase of growth I was very excited to have that chance," says Workman.
The new agency formed to fill the gap in Kansas arts funding began it's first round of grant opportunities this week, but the grants are very different from those that were offered through the now defunct Kansas Arts Commission.
The agency that was formed by the 2012 Kansas legislature to replace the Kansas Arts Commission is holding a series of public input meetings.
The Kansas Creative Arts Industries Commission (CAIC) seeks public input to guide future activities and to help draft a strategic plan for FY 2014 that starts July 1.
The CIAC was awarded $700,000 for operations and grants in fiscal year 2013. It was the first time that state funding was available for Kansas arts agencies since Gov. Sam Brownback fired the staff of the Kansas Arts Commission and vetoed arts funding in 2011.
Wichita officials say the roads will likely be more hazardous with this second storm; Gov. Brownback extends state of emergency declaration to include new storm; Some area schools and universities are closed.
Wichita Officials: Get Ready For Storm, Round Two
City of Wichita officials are urging residents to stay off the roads and prepare for another round of heavy snowfall.
Weather Closes Area Schools, Universities and Businesses
The new state-run arts commission announced funding opportunities for Kansas arts agencies Tuesday.
The 7-month-old Kansas Creative Arts Industries Commission was created in response to the backlash over Gov. Sam Brownback's veto of arts funding in 2011. The new programs require grant seekers to propose projects that create jobs and grow the Kansas economy.
Series of gun law bills proposed in Kansas House; Pitt State students oppose concealed carry on campus; New Kansas arts agency accepting grant applications; Gov requests hold on school funding suit.
Bill Would Bar Enforcement Of Federal Gun Laws In Kansas
State Lawmakers are considering a series of bills aimed at protecting gun rights.
One measure would ban local governments from passing laws that restrict the open carry of firearms.
In 2011, Kansas became the first state in history to completely eliminate funding for the arts.
That resulted in the loss of more than $1 million in matching funds from the National Endowment for the Arts and other organizations. And, severely impacted hundreds of Kansas arts organizations.
Looks like we've survived another apocalypse!


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There's no question that the advent of social media has changed the way we communicate. However, the use of social media raises a number of legal issues and potential liabilities of which every organization should be aware.
Regardless of whether an organization or provider chooses to employ social media, chances are that it is already the subject of on-line chatter. In fact, software providers monitor social media for just that reason — to determine and report to an organization how it is being discussed in ongoing social media dialogues. The legal issues and risks attendant to third party use of social media, while not necessarily controllable by an organization, can no longer be ignored.
For example, whether an employer or health care organization makes a conscious decision to use social media, its employees are probably already using it. This use raises issues of patient confidentiality, disclosure of confidential and proprietary business information, copyright or trademark infringement, e-discovery risks, risks associated with endorsements, and defamation issues. What is posted about an organization through social media can also undermine morale and impact the company reputation.
While an internal policy may prohibit disclosure of patient information or proprietary business information, a developing strand of labor law holds that a policy cannot prohibit employees from expressing their views toward their employer or for critical or even "insubordinate" posts. This notion of protecting employees who engage in "concerted activity" for their mutual aid or protection has ensnared employers both big and small.
Thus, it is vital for companies to have a social media policy that complies with applicable law and the company should designate a point person responsible for the use of social media. Monitoring and ensuring compliance with the organization's policy with respect to employees is also key.
Some businesses, such as health care providers, face additional concerns. For instance, it is easy to (inadvertently) disclose individually identifiable information through social media. For example, a hospital employee may have posts on his or her Facebook page that include a reference to a patient, or pictures from work in which a patient is in the background. It is important to remember that any reference to protected information requires a HIPAA-compliant signed authorization.
Other social media issues specific to health care include malpractice, the unlicensed practice of medicine and/or the creation of physician-patient relationships. Blogs and chats could be deemed to be creating a physician-patient relationship; and/or could raise issues of unlicensed practice of medicine. Same time use of social media can be a powerful tool, but it raises issues of potential malpractice should something go wrong.
To safeguard against copyright and trademark infringements, any organization using social media should take care not to create an impression that it owns, endorses or is affiliated with anything that it does not. An organization should not use another's copyrighted material without permission by the owner, but pictures, text and videos are easily copied to social media sites. If content is used without the permission of the owner, a trademark or copyright violation may occur.
There are also risks associated with defamation for statements made on an organization's social media sponsored page or platform, and rules that should be followed for any endorsements appearing on social media.
Reprinted with permission from the August 26, 2013 issue of the Fairfield County Business Journal.
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DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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text: KABOOM!!! You guys and gals made this challenge look more like a joke! You crushed it!! There were many that were nervous about us making this challenge but the proof is right there! lol! Let nobody say that ToA supporters aren't up to a task put in front of them! I've said it, what, a million times now, but who cares -- thank you, thank you, thank you! You are allowing us to live our dream and I couldn't be more humble or honored that you believe in us and ToA so much. On behalf of all of FC -- Barry, Gordon, Richard, Cassie, Levi, Josh, Ryan, Julius, Juaquin, Michael, and everyone else that has helped us -- you have our eternal thanks. ~~~ So what now? We will obviously continue development and keep the store open for future donations. It will stay open until roughly a month before we launch our Kickstarter. Here shortly I will be revealing a stretch goal that is sure to drop jaws, so stick around!


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Loss of Soria continues to haunt team
Grady Fuson, who oversees the farm system and reports to Towers, said: "We loved everything about him – the body, arm action, fastball, breaking ball. He would definitely have been in our rotation that year in Fort Wayne, but because of the agreement he had to go back to Mexico City."
Royals scout Louie Medina had tracked Soria for some time. Other clubs also were prepared to draft Soria, but the Royals picked him second overall. Two days later, he threw a perfect game in Mexico. Obligated to offer him back to the Padres if they didn't keep him in the majors, the Royals kept him.
In his two major league seasons, he has a 2.05 ERA and 59 saves.
Switching sides?Adrian Gonzalez has a novel idea.
Having already played in the World Baseball Classic for Mexico, Gonzalez said he's ready to answer a call from the United States, which is looking for a replacement for injured first baseman Kevin Youkilis.
"Why not?" wondered Gonzalez, who was raised on both sides of the San Diego-Tijuana border. "I qualify for both countries."
Gonzalez returned to the lineup last night along with brother Edgar and Scott Hairston, who all rejoined the Padres after Mexico's elimination Monday night. The Padres lost to the Mariners 10-8, dropping to 0-9-2 against American League teams this spring.


text:
Children's centre numbers fell by 800 after almost £500m of cuts, says Barnardo's
22 May 2015
Almost a quarter of children's centres across the UK have been forced to close or merge as a result...
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The Institute of Fundraising is to host a summit about face-to-face fundraising as a technique, but has not invited or consulted the organisation tasked with regulating face-to-face.
The IoF yesterday announced that in light of media exposure of face-to-face fundraisers failing to meet standards it will hold a summit on the issue on 23 July. The Public Fundraising Regulatory Association, set up to regulate and enforce standards in face-to-face fundraising, has thus far not been invited to attend and was not involved in the summit's planning.
The summit will look at how face-to-face is faring for charities, how charities feel about it and whether there needs to be any changes to the regulatory regime, or how the benefits of the technique is communicated to the public and decision-makers, to ensure its long-term health.
Peter Lewis, chief executive of the Institute, said the recent media coverage "has led to a wider debate about the value of face-to-face fundraising as a technique at all".
He said: "Now would seem a good time to take a step back, review the public's experience of face-to-face fundraising, it's financial importance to the sector and whether there are steps that we should be taking as the sector, or as the Institute, to ensure high standards are complied with and the public's trust and confidence is maintained."
Catherine Pusey, interim chief executive of the PFRA, confirmed that her organisation had not been involved in the planning of the event. "It hasn't been done in a collaborative manner," she said. "We are in conversation with the IoF and hope that we will be invited."
Pusey defended the role and track record of the PFRA in monitoring and maintaining standards in face-to-face fundraising. "The PFRA was set up by charity members of the IoF to maintain and sustain public trust in face-to-face fundraising. Of our members the significant majority are charities that use face-to-face fundraising and we have a good track record of regulation. So to hold a summit with charities represented but without the PFRA seems to us to be likely to deliver an incomplete picture," she said.
"We would be prepared to send a representative and the Institute is aware of that."
The Institute's Lewis told civilsociety.co.uk it is important to host the discussions among charities alone so as to allow full and frank discussions about the present state and future of face-to-face.
"It's a first step in a process. It's just us getting our members together to talk about it first and giving them some absolutely free space to do that," he said. "To a certain extent the PFRA are a regulator, and when we discussed it with a few people they said they would prefer to have it just the charity fundraising directors to have a totally free and frank discussion. I'm sure at a later stage we will take it forward involving the PFRA and the FRSB."
Lewis said that if the charity attendees agree, the PFRA and FRSB may be invited as observers to the summit.
Face-to-face fundraising has, in recent years, typically inspired more column inches than other fundraising techniques, with recent scandals involving a Daily Telegraph expose about face-to-face training and behaviour which was in breach of the code of conduct, and another story which broke in recent weeks about fundraisers misleading donors about which charity they support.
At the PFRA's own annual general meeting last month, head of standards and allocations Nick Henry admitted that the organisation has witnessed a drop in street fundraising standards over the past three years.
Earlier this year the PFRA delayed the implementation of a system of monetary fines for breaches of the code of practice on face-to-face fundraising on both the street and doorstep in order to accommodate the Institute's plan to consolidate all its codes of practice into one.
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Tag overhauls fundraising training after Sunday Telegraph exposé
Time for the big players to get real on face-to-face
Charity groups to review face-to-face fundraising
New fines as street fundraising rulebook comes into effect
Face-to-face agency hosts own event on regulation
Chuggers incur first penalty points under new fining system
PFRA 'could manage national collection days if exemption orders are scrapped'
Peter Lewis: 'If you don't ask, you don't get – politicians seem to understand that now'
Councils call for greater control of face-to-face in submission to Hodgson
Fines for face-to-face fundraising delayed by PFRA
Is it fair to criticise face-to-face?
PFRA will stop being an advocate for face-to-face
Street fundraising standards have fallen, says PFRA
22 May 2015
Almost a quarter of children's centres across the UK have been forced to close or merge as a result...
21 May 2015
A child sexual abuse charity is set to close after it was overwhelmed with inquiries following the publicity...
20 May 2015
Skills for Logistics, a sector skills council charity, was driven into liquidation by its pension scheme...
22 May 2015
Charities considering changing their name must first find out exactly what their staff, beneficiaries...
22 May 2015
The Charity Commission has opened a statutory inquiry into a Bristol-based shelter after concerns were...
21 May 2015
Clic Sargent chief executive Lorraine Clifton, has announced that she will retire at the end of the year...
22 May 2015
Marie Curie set out to improve its use of digital after realising that it was "limiting its future"...
21 May 2015
Amnesty International UK has given street fundraisers virtual reality headsets so they can show the public...
20 May 2015
A review programme has been launched by think tank NPC to assess how to improve access to digital technology...
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Comment: Re:Lets not (Score 1) 1078
by iRommel (#43610609) Attached to: Florida Teen Expelled and Arrested For Science Experiment
While the connotation of an IED tends to bring up images of warfare in the Middle East as of late, the fact remains she did make an "improvised explosive device"? I think you'd be surprised just how crude some of them are. I was in no way hinting that she was in fact "trying to make a bomb", she's just a kid messing around.


text: my best friends husband hit him yesterday. he is now staying at my house until things get figured out. i am horrible at advice, if you want to mock someone mercilessly im the girl you come to. but at some point he is going to want to talk about it and im not going to know what to say. well i know what i want to say but if he gets back together with his husband there would be a lot of wierd vibes between us. but everytime i look at him and i see his black eye it kills me. how do you ever trust a person again that would do that to you? any help you can give me would be greatly appreciated.


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NFL Playoff Schedule 2010 & Wild Card Predictions
The 2010 NFL Playoffs kickoff on Saturday January 9th at 4:20 PM ET with an AFC Wild Card game between the New York Jets vs. Cincinnati Bengals. The Philadelphia Eagles also face the Dallas Cowboys in the Saturday Night NFC Wild Card Game. All of the teams playing on Saturday played last weekend in two lop-sided affairs. You can bet on the 2010 Wild Card games online at BetUs.com and enjoy a special 100% deposit bonus up to $500 so if you deposit $500 you will get $1000 in your account.
Sunday the NFL Wild Card round resumes at 1:00 PM ET with the Baltimore Ravens vs. the New England Patriots in the AFC match-up. The Patriots come into the game with some key injuries including Wes Welker who is out and Tom Brady nursing some bad ribs along with a sore finger. Sunday's last game at 4:40 PM ET features Aaron Rodgers and the Green Bay Packers taking on the Arizona Cardinals. If you are looking for NFL Playoff Schedule 2010 & Wild Card Picks I would grab the points with the Packers while you can since this line will move.
The Bengals are favored by 2.5 points Saturday against the Jets. The Dallas Cowboys are favored by 4 points Saturday night at home against the Philadelphia Eagles. Sunday the Patriots are now favored by 3.5 points against the Baltimore Ravens. The NFL Wild Card final game on Sunday sees the Green Bay Packers as 1 point road underdogs against the Arizona Cardinals.
Check out the NFL Playoff Schedule 2010 & Wild Card Picks by the World's Top Documented NFL Handicappers.


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Robert Pattinson thinks that his house is a bit "psychotic" and his home doesn't represent his personality in any way.
The 'Twilight' star revealed in Esquire magazine that his house did not reflect his personality. There was no furniture and the house was weird and a bit cabin-fevery, 24.com reported.
The 28-year-old actor is currently renting a property on Mulholland Drive in California.


text:
Google Glass Not Legal in San Diego, Female Driver Gets a Ticket
Who knew that living in a city where geeks are supposed to be tolerated would be so unpleasant? It was very frustrating for Cecilia Abadie who was given a ticket for a hi-tech reason: wearing Google Glass.
NETGEAR Nighthawk Router, Ideal for Gamers and Streaming
NETGEAR has just launched its latest dual-band 802.11ac wireless router geared toward online gaming and video streaming. The Nighthawk AC1900 Smart WiFi Router (R7000) provides superior speed and range. The Nighthawk packs a powerful 1Ghz dual core processor along with USB 3.0 for power and connectivity. Combined with the ultra-fast WiFi connection, this router is more »
GadgetTell Review: iTwin Connect Personal VPN
Every other week, one can read articles about the most recent technology-related security risks and how one can suffer from the lack of protection. Some solutions involve adjusting privacy settings. Others suggest having the proper software or hardware coverage installed. But what about all these free wireless networks that are popping up everywhere? We're not more »
Western Digital My Cloud Provides Personal Secure Storage
Western Digital has introduced its new personal cloud storage geared toward all the consumers using online cloud services. The My Cloud family of personal cloud solutions lets people store and access all their digital content from computers and mobile devices, anywhere. Though convenient and robust, online cloud storage such as Box or Dropbox (to name more »
GadgeTell Review: Second Generation Anker Astro3 12000mAh Battery
These days, it's hard for the gadget-obsessed to use products without feeling the drain. Tablets, smartphones, wireless headphones, and more can never really keep up with demand. Sure, there are outlets in public places such as coffee joints or libraries, but what about all those other times when you're not somewhere you can just plug more »
STEM Thrusts Players Closer Toward Full Virtual Immersion
The latest in tracking and gesture-control technology has just hit Kickstarter and is drawing much attention. The STEM system is a wireless motion tracking platform for video games and virtual reality. Upon reading more, I couldn't help but think of Ernest Cline's book, Ready Player One. The STEM system lets players interact naturally with the more »
Seagate Now Offers Protection Coverage for Storage Data
Despite the popularity of cloud storage and computing, there have been lingering concerns about privacy and security. We won't even bring up the far-reaching NSA. It's those very concerns that have helped grow and expand the personal data storage market. We've seen more releases of network attached storage (NAS) devices and portable hard drives over more »
Google Releases New Chrome Apps That Launch From the Desktop
Chrome OS and the Google Chrome ecosystem in general took a step forward today. Google released new Chrome apps that can function independently of the web browser. These apps can be found in a new category in the Chrome Web Store called "For Your Desktop." This may not seem like a big deal since Windows more »
Haptix Turns Surfaces to Multitouch, Trackpad, or Mouse
Tablets and smartphones have hit the consumer market like a wrecking ball through a glass pane being held by two guys on a sidewalk. Predictably. Unsurprisingly. A significant reason for the lightning-quick adoption of these digital devices is the multitouch feature. It simply feels natural to use hands for selecting, panning, and pinch-zoom. Still, nothing more »
LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 Pre-Order Soon, Buy September 1st
The LEGO Group has announced that LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3, the new award-winning consumer robotics platform, will hit retail shelves on September 1, 2013. They even tease us, adding that select online retailers might have it for pre-order later this month. The LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 was first previewed at CES (Consumer Electronics Show) in January, and more »
3D Printing: The Future is Now at CE Week 2013
Remember the Replicator on the Star Trek: The Next Generation TV series? The crew of the Enterprise could tell the machine what they wanted, and pretty much anything—food, useful items, you name it—would pop out. That seemed like the stuff of fantasy at the time, but the idea of a household machine that can make more »
GadgetTell Review: Lenmar Helix 11,000mAh Battery Pack
With summer in full swing, the desire to get out of the house and find fun, relaxing places to spend time only intensifies with the weather. With cold drinks and smartphones in hand, we typically share these experiences with friends and family as life happens. But the biggest problem with mobile devices and all-day excursions more »


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The Tragic Thrills, Beta Play, Seiichi Daimo, and Terrible Terrible + more at 10th Street Live!
- Food & Drink
- 104 N 10th St, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033
Fearless/Old Friends Records Battle of The Bands: Quarter Finals I
Sunday, March 24, 2013 from 2:00 PM to 8:00 PM (EDT)
10th Street Live
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


text:
Want Maharashtra Police badge, whistle, cap, sticker, boots and other accessories? Come to Vasai, and one can find the police accessories being sold on the roadside. A street side stall at Vasai has stocked pairs of leather boots (worn by cops), belts, caps, badges, stickers bearing the insignia of the Maharashtra Police and other accessories.
For Rs500, one can buy the woolen cap worn by constables, for Rs30 a police badge, for Rs50 a piece of police sticker can be purchased. A pair of socks worn by the constables is being sold at around Rs300 as it is made of pure wool. With the sticker, one can fix it on the windshield of any vehicle and pass through any toll booth; without paying any taxes, while the average motorist, has to shell out toll to use the Mumbai Ahmedabad National Highway No8. The roadside stall is located off the NH8 and anyone can buy the police accessories.
Shockingly, the seller has stock of yards of khaki uniform which can be purchased; and the person can get it stitched from any tailor, as per his measurements and with all the accessories; he can walk away as a policeman and fool the public. Even whistles used by the policemen can be purchased at Rs70 a piece, as also the stars which adorns the policeman's uniform. Each star costs around Rs100 a piece as it is made of pure steel that does not rust.
A Vasai police officer, he said such accessories are available only from the Maharashtra Police Academy, Nashik, from where the trainee policemen graduates, and the uniforms are stitched from a Grant Road tailor. Such accessories are not put up for sale as it is not available for public purchase.
"We will soon track the seller and he can be booked for forgery and cheating as it is illegal to sell such products which is related to the government and it is illegal to impersonate a cop," said Shriniwas Ghadge, DySp, Vasai Circle. The Thane Rural district since the past few months witnessed a few cases where fake cops were arrested for masquerading as the real ones in Jawhar,Vasai and Dahanu.


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CMS's notice updating the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) prospective payment system (PPS) for discharges occurring during FY 2013 was published in today's Federal Register (July 30, 2012). IRF PPS payment rates will be increased by an adjusted market basket increase factor of 1.9 percent for FY 2013, which includes a 2.7 percent market basket update less a 0.1 percentage point reduction and a 0.7 percent productivity adjustment mandated by the Affordable Care Act. In addition to the 1.9 percent net market basket increase, CMS will increase total outlier payments by 0.2 percent for a total estimated increase in payments to IRFs of 2.1 percent. CMS estimates $140 million in increased payments to IRFs during FY 2013.
In this notice, CMS updates the IRF PPS relative weights, average length of stay values, payment rates, outlier threshold, and cost-to-charge ratio (CCR) ceilings and urban/rural CCRs. There are no policy changes or regulatory revisions proposed in this notice. The IRF PPS notice is available by clicking here.
Reporter, Susan Banks, Washington, D.C., +1 202 626 2953, firstname.lastname@example.com.
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text: Pro Photo is a great shop. The man in the picture on that Yelp link in Walt's post is the owner, Dick Baghdassarian, who has repaired my Hasselblad and done a few odd large format lens mounts for me. I've bought two lenses for it from him on consignment. Much better prices than those gougers at Penn.


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Results 1 to 17 of 17
July 30th, 2008 #1
Momentum, Perserverance, Determination, Fun (Updated Today)
Heyaz, my name's Cam and I love art. I'm currently doing a course in Illustration and am trying to learn as much as I can everyday, digital and traditional.
In the last few weeks I've been drawing/painting about 5 hours a day, which isn't much some would say. But I feel am reallly back into my art and having fun with it again. So to mark this moment and to keep me on track I've decided to make a fresh new sketchbook to get on with the future.
Starting with some stuff from the last few weeks to kick off.
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Last edited by Cam Sykes; October 10th, 2008 at 08:18 PM.
Hide this ad by registering as a memberJuly 31st, 2008 #2
Today's SketchFest
Here's a selection of sketches I did today, as practice and fun. Some I will colour soon.
Last edited by Cam Sykes; July 31st, 2008 at 09:12 AM. Reason: Added one extra image
August 2nd, 2008 #3
Sketches & Studies Today and Yesterday
Here's some sketches and studies from today and yesterday. The dino pics are from the museum I went to. Been watching riven phoenix's The structure of man DVDs. They've been very helpful.
August 3rd, 2008 #4
My SSc entry from a few days back.
Last edited by Cam Sykes; October 10th, 2008 at 08:20 PM. Reason: Pics were too crap
August 4th, 2008 #5
IDW WIP. Got some feedback from a school teacher on my girl witha gun. gonna fix her tomorrow. Didnt have time tonight cos was doing watercolour paintings. will scan the good oens and post those tomorrow. bedtime! Hping I have an inspiring dream. I ove those dreams where you paint a really good picutre or draw somethiong great, then try to recreate/remember how it looked when you wake up.
Last edited by Cam Sykes; August 4th, 2008 at 08:39 PM.
August 7th, 2008 #6
You open your sketchbook and the first post you get is from some random bot... Ah well
Real nice sketches there. The faces and figures are coming along quite well. Your digital stuff isn't really up to par yet. But that'll improve i'm sure
Keep it up!
Come visit my...
Thank you!
The Following User Says Thank You to pandahund For This Useful Post:
August 7th, 2008 #7
nice studies, creatures concepts caught my eye too.
The Following User Says Thank You to marcoferrigno For This Useful Post:
August 7th, 2008 #8
Hey Cam! Thanks for visiting my sb, your comment was of great use !
Your traditional sketches are impressive! I dont really have much more to comment on right now, but keep watching those structure of man dvd's. They are really good.
See the TURTLE of enormous girth!
On his shell he holds the earth.
His thought is slow but always kind;
He holds us all within his mind.
August 13th, 2008 #9
Update for update sake
I had alot more sketches than this in my other book but I left it at school, so here's alittle update jsut to keep on track.
August 17th, 2008 #10
mini update
here's some colored sketches, I have alot more sketches to post but don't really want to flood it, plus takes a long time to scan it all. Anyways here's a couple quick coloured ones. There was this girl at the train station with great legs, dunno if she was flattered or thought I was a pervert when she caught on that I was drawing her haha. I would post the pic but it doesnt do her justice.
August 19th, 2008 #11
Some life drawing from today, each is a 15 min pose, legs got chooped off in a lot because of my small scanner.
Plus a mockup for a large painting I will be doing with acrylics, actual size will be 150x40cm. Heavily influenced by Nic Klein (nicolas), but I think I will try to make it more my own style with the final.
Last edited by Cam Sykes; December 22nd, 2011 at 05:44 AM.
August 23rd, 2008 #12
My CoW entry, kind of half-assed it and a face practice, took about 4 hours. Gotta do more of these, also going to start doing moviestill studies. Also a submission for Advanced PS mag, Peer Pressure comp, a kind of matte painting.
September 12th, 2008 #13
Ok been quite a long time since an update, and I feel like I should have something amazing after all this time but just some humble old sketches, some from today, and the last couple of weeks, enjoy!
September 20th, 2008 #14
A little update to stay on track Hope you like, crits are more than welcome.
End of the year is getting closer, so I'm getting cornered in to working harder, cos I aim to have a macked-out portfolio by the start of summer (I'm southern-hemi). Things are already hot here so it's a bit of a warning.
Last edited by Cam Sykes; December 22nd, 2011 at 05:46 AM.
October 10th, 2008 #15
Rollin' (LARGE UPDATE)
Ok here's some stuff I've been working on over the last few weeks, there's a whole lot more but don't want to choke up all your bandwidth.
The large bunch of thumbnails are a self-assigned project I'm working on to build my portfolio. So I will have Characters, Enviros, Weapons, vehicles and creatures all in my own created universe. I could talk more about what t's about but kind of want to keep it a suprise for when it's finished.
The other thumbnails are just for SSC 2Dartist: Scarecrow.
And the digi paint is for a comp that was on Deviatnart for the witcher game.
Last edited by Cam Sykes; October 10th, 2008 at 08:31 PM.
October 10th, 2008 #16
OK here's the Thuymbnails for my project they're all variations of the one character. Tell me which ones you think are most successful, would be good to get some feedback.
October 11th, 2008 #17
Hey there! Good to see some updates from you
About the thumbnails: my personal preference would be - second row, number 4. Third row number 1 and 4 and 17th row number 1.
As for some critique i think you may need to work a bit on your proportions. Many of your female characters have very similar facial features and the head is often a bit too small for the body.
Hope that helps a bit, keep drawin'!
See the TURTLE of enormous girth!
On his shell he holds the earth.
His thought is slow but always kind;
He holds us all within his mind.