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A cardiac pacemaker constructed for terminating tachyarrhythmias and including: an atrial electrode implantable in a patient's heart for supplying atrial stimulation pulses thereto and at which a pulse appears in response to each atrial contraction; a ventricular electrode implantable in the patient's heart for supplying ventricular stimulation pulses thereto, and at which a pulse appears in response to each ventricular contraction; separately switchable control paths connected to each electrode for causing one electrode to produce a stimulation pulse at a given time after the occurrence of a pulse on the other electrode; a first time delay unit connected to be actuated by signals derived from the heart behavior for supplying a stimulating pulse to the ventricular electrode at a time after the occurrence of a pulse on the atrial electrode, which is shorter than the physiological atrial-ventricular transfer time; and a second time delay unit connected to be actuated by signals derived from the heart behavior for supplying a stimulating pulse to the atrial electrode at a time after the occurrence of a pulse on the ventricular electrode which is shorter than a selected physiological period in the operation of the heart.
1. A cardiac pacemaker constructed for terminating tachyarrhythmias and including an atrial electrode implantable in a patient's heart for supplying atrial stimulation pulses thereto and at which a pulse appears in response to each atrial contraction, and a ventricular electrode implantable in the patient's heart for supplying ventricular stimulation pulses thereto, and at which a pulse appears in response to each ventricular contraction, said pacemaker further comprising: separately switchable means connected to each said to electrode for causing one said electrode to produce a stimulation pulse at a given time after the occurrence of a pulse on the other said electrode; first time delay means connected to be actuated by signals derived from the heart behavior for supplying a stimulating pulse to said ventricular electrode at a time after the occurrence of a pulse on said atrial electrode, which is shorter than the physiological atrial-ventricular transfer time; and second time delay means connected to be actuated by signals derived from the heart behavior for supplying a stimulating pulse to said atrial electrode at a time after the occurrence of a pulse on said ventricular electrode which is shorter than a selected physiological period in the operation of the heart.
2. Pacemaker as defined in claim 1 wherein said first time delay means is connected to be actuated by signals caused by an increased heartbeat rate or premature heartbeat.
3. Pacemaker as defined in claim 2 further comprising a detector connected to said first time delay means for setting the timing thereof in accordance with the interval between successive atrial contractions.
4. Pacemaker as defined in claim 1 wherein said second delay means are connected to be actuated by pulses on said ventricular electrode.
5. Pacemaker as defined in claim 4 further comprising means connected to said second time delay means for increasing the delay produced thereby from an initial short value in steps each produced by a respective actuation signal supplied to said second delay means.
6. Pacemaker as defined in claim 5 wherein said means connected to said second time delay means comprise a counter connected to count the actuation signal supplied to said second time delay means.
7. Pacemaker as defined in claim 6 wherein said counter is connected to be reset to its starting state by each signal actuating said first time delay means.
8. Pacemaker as defined in claim 1 further comprising at least one refractory delay member connected for preventing the supply of stimulation pulses at one said electrode for a first selected time after appearance of a pulse on one of said electrodes.
9. Pacemaker as defined in claim 8 wherein said refractory delay member comprises means for superimposing a delay representing the atrial refractory period on a delay representing the ventricular refractory period so that the ventricular refractory period is extended by an additional delay corresponding to the normal delay between an atrial and a ventricular contraction.
10. Pacemaker as defined in claim 8 wherein said refractory delay member is connected to prevent the supply of stimulation pulses to one said electrode for the selected time after appearance of a pulse on the same electrode.
11. Pacemaker as defined in claim 1 wherein said separately switchable means comprise a timed pulse generator connected to said atrial electrode for supplying a stimulation pulse thereto at the end of a selected period of time during which no pulse appears on said atrial electrode.
12. Pacemaker as defined in claim 1 wherein said switchable means are constructed to respond to essentially simultaneous pulses at both said atrial and ventricular electrodes by assigning priority to the ventricular electrode pulse and to process such pulses as if originating at said ventricular electrode.
13. Pacemaker as defined in claim 12 wherein said switchable means comprise a delay member connected to impart a predetermined time delay to pulses appearing at said atrial electrode.
14. Pacemaker as defined in claim 1 further comprising programming means for adjusting the operating parameters of said pacemaker and for setting time delays therein to values applicable to normal operation.
15. Pacemaker as defined in claim 14 wherein said programming means are arranged for adjusting those parameters which become effective only upon activation of said time delay means.
The present invention relates to cardiac pacemakers.
Cardiac stimulation is presently a clinically and therapeutically accepted method for correcting various degrees of heart block and specific other arrhythmias. One recently developed technique, sometimes termed "physiological stimulation", involves stimulation of not just the ventricles or just the atria, but both sets of chambers. Studies have been conducted of the so-called sequential stimulation over a wide range of stimulation parameters in connection with a study of the hemodynamic properties of the heart, as reported in an article by Samet et al, entitled "Hemodynamic Sequelae of Atrial, Ventricular and Sequential Atrial Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Patients", American Heart Journal, Volume 72, pages 725-729, December, 1966.
Earlier than that, p-wave synchronous coupling of the stimulation of both chambers was found to produce substantially better antiarrhythmia properties than stimulation of the ventricle exclusively. As described by Nathan et al in an article entitled "An Implantable Synchronous Pacemaker for the Long Term Correction of Complete Heart Block", American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 11, page 362, 1963. Bradycardia have been treated with a corresponding ventricular rhythm which completed with, or was out of synchronism with, the true sinus rate.
Implantable versions of AV-sequential pacemakers, as they are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,604 and which are based on the work reported in the above-cited article by Samet et al, provided atrial escape stimuli before ventricular escape stimuli so that the protection against arrhythmias is augmented particularly in the bradycardial area. In this connection, the term "escape stimuli" is intended to mean that the artificial cardiac pacemaker emits a stimulation pulse unless a corresponding signal appears from the heart itself within a given interval.
Studies and observations with arrhythmias described by Castellanos et al in the article entitled "Preliminary Studies with an Implantable Multimode A-V Pacemaker for Reciprocating Atrioventricular Tachycardias". PACE, Volume 3, No. 3, May, 1980, indicate ways in which arrhythmias can be initiated, eliminated and suppressed by suitable stimulation of one of the two chambers of the heart, even if in some patients coupling is effected in the reverse direction.
The literature on cardiac arrhythmias is replete with diagrams and listings of criteria for the "reentry-arrhythmias" of the dominant type where two stimulation pathways must exist to maintain the arrhythmia. It is also shown there that the delay period of the loop must be relatively long to meet the requirement for sustained reentry. All prior art attempts to terminate tachyarrhythmias by stimulation have the drawback that the success quota in the various methods per se is not yet satisfactory.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cardiac pacemaker of the above-described type which offers improved possibilities for terminating such reentry arrhythmias.
The above and other objects according to the invention are achieved by the provision of a cardiac pacemaker constructed for terminating tachyarrhythmias and including an atrial electrode implantable in a patient's heart for supplying atrial stimulation pulses thereto and at which a pulse appears in response to each atrial contraction, and a ventricular electrode implantable in the patient's heart for supplying ventricular stimulation pulses thereto, and at which a pulse appears in response to each ventricular contraction, which pacemaker further includes: separately switchable control paths connected to each electrode for causing one electrode to produce a stimulation pulse at a given time after the occurrence of a pulse on the other electrode; a first time delay unit connected to be actuated by signals derived from the heart behavior for supplying a stimulating pulse to the ventricular electrode at a time after the occurrence of a pulse on the atrial electrode, which is shorter than the physiological atrial-ventricular transfer time; and a second time delay unit connected to be actuated by signals derived from the heart behavior for supplying a stimulating pulse to the atrial electrode at a time after the occurrence of a pulse on the ventricular electrode which is shorter than a selected physiological period in the operation of the heart.
The invention is based to a substantial extent on the realization that a plurality of control pathways, or patterns, must be available to master the normal and abnormal physiological delays which cause the heart to beat at undesirably fast rates.
Prior to the present invention, none of the intensive efforts in connection with prosthetic stimulation treatments recognized the fact that it is necessary to control the sequence or pathway of cardiac activation in both directions within a single stimulation concept.
Although it has been found that in some patients shorter AV delays are of advantage to terminate an arrhythmia state, in other patients a retrograde stimulation of the atria produced more favorable results. The idea of using both pathways simultaneously in a single unit has not been examined in the prior art, although one of the prerequisites for such arrhythmia, which has been known for a long time, is the existence of two paths of which at least one has a relatively long transit delay.
A significant advantage of the present invention is that the manner of providing an artificial parallel path in one direction aids to suppress tachycardias in some patients and additional means increase the number of arrhythmia patients responding to stimulation therapy. The total number of patients whose needs can thus be met is greater than could be expected merely by the sum of those for whom each of the two measures is appropriate since the two therapeutic measures supplement one another and are able to produce termination of a tachyarrhythmia even in those cases where one of the two measures alone would not have accomplished this.
The criteria stated in the cited prior art show a relationship of the propagation time through natural and additional paths to the stimulation interval and a relationship of the refractory period to the stimulation interval. These relative values are important factors here which initiate or enhance the beginning or continuation of the tachycardia.
It is evident from the cited literature that the propagation time may also be extended in proportion to the tissue refractory period if the stimulation cycles are shortened. If early tissue stimulation somewhere along the loop proves to be refractory in one direction and, once it continues on the other path, proceeds through the loop at a relatively slow rate, it will not find all of the tissue to be refractory upon further propagation. This is the basic mechanism of reentry arrhythmia. The reentry into the loop can be interrupted by increasing the refractory period or by reducing the propagation delay somewhere in the loop. In this connection, it is a significant further desirable property of the additional parallel path according to the invention that the respective periods are shortened with the cycle interval, or are at least not lengthened, so as to compensate in this way the above-mentioned physiological changes.
Another advantage of the cardiac pacemaker according to the invention is that the recognition and selection for stimulation of those parts of the cardiac cycle which can be influenced by pacing makes it possible to achieve a relatively great resistance to interference with respect to signal events not emanating from the heart.
FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of those elements of a pacemaker according to a preferred embodiment of the invention which serve to generate stimulation pulses and to receive and process intracardial signals.
FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of programming means for the circuit of FIG. 1 and of additional circuit means required according to the invention.
FIG.3a is a signal diagram of EKG signals used to explain the operation of the invention.
FIGS. 3b through 3g are time diagrams showing the pulse behavior of various groups of pacemaker components with respect to the EKG signals shown in FIG. 3a.
FIGS. 4 through 8 are diagrams illustrating the emission of stimulation pulses for atria and ventricles in dependence on various intracardial signals recorded via the input stages of the pacemaker.
In the circuit shown in FIG. 1, the terminal A is connected to an electrode placed in a cardiac atrium. The signal detected by the atrial electrode travels to a preamplifier 1 in which the signal is increased in amplitude until it is sufficient for actuating the subsequent stages. For the following description, it has been assumed that positive logic is employed and that an electrical H (high) state corresponds to the presence of signals or pulses.
The preamplifier 1 is followed by a delay member 2 which produces a signal delay of a few milliseconds. The output of the delay member 2 is followed by an OR gate 3 whose output leads to one of the inputs of an AND gate 4. The output of the AND gate 4 is connected with the RESET input of a pulse generator 5. Generator 5 operates to generate an output pulse at the end of a given period of time following the preceding reset, unless it has been reset via its RESET input before the end of that period, and pulse emission is thus inhibited. The output signal of the pulse generator 5 controls a pulse former circuit 6 in which, upon appearance of an output pulse from generator 5, there is generated a stimulation pulse signal for the atria which travels to the terminal A to which is connected the electrode leading to an atrium.
The pulse generator 5 further includes a sync input connected to receive a sync input pulse which synchronizes the pulse generator, i.e. causes the immediate emission of an output pulse. Even if there is such an output pulse which was actuated by the sync input signal, the pulse generator 5 will be reset by the signal conducted from its output to the further input of the OR gate 3 unless the AND gate 4 is blocked due to the fact that its further input is at an electrical L (low or ground) potential.
This blocking of the AND gate 4 is effective also for pulses coming from the output of the delay member 2 to the OR gate 3 and is initiated by a sensing A-refractory delay member 7 which emits at its output a logic H signal for a defined period of time after a pulse has reached one of its inputs. In a possible embodiment of the present invention, this refractory member 7 includes a retriggerable monoflop and thus blocks the AND gate 4 for a period of time after a signal from the atria or from the ventricles has been detected via further circuitry to be described below.
The above-described components constitute an atrial demand pacemaker in which atrial pulses become independently active after a given maximum period of time and artificial stimulation pulses are emitted when a given natural heart frequency is not reached. For a given period of time after the emission of an artificial stimulation pulse or the detection of a signal from the heart itself, the pacemaker becomes refractory.
Within the concept of a programmable pacemaker, the amplification factor of the input amplifier 1 can be programmed by signals applied via a line P1, the delay period of the delay member 2 can be programmed through a line P2, the natural frequency of the pulse generator 5 upon the absence of RESET pulses can be programmed through a line P3 and the amplitude of the output pulses of the amplifier 6 can be programmed through a line P4.
A further part of the pacemaker is formed by an input amplifier 11 for receiving ventricle signals. This amplifier is connected with the terminal V for an electrode disposed in a ventricle and its output is connected to one input of an AND gate 12 whose output signals reach an OR gate 13. The output signal from the OR gate 13 controls a sensing V-refractory delay member 14, which, for a given period of time beginning with a pulse emitted by the OR gate 13, emits an L signal which is applied to a further input of the AND gate 12 to block this gate and thus prevent passage of a signal received from the ventricle by the preamplifier 11 during the above-mentioned given period of time. A corresponding block is also effected by an L signal traveling from the output of the refractory member 7 to a further input of the AND gate 12, so that the conductive path for ventricle signals can be inhibited in two different ways for periods of time of different lengths. The refractory member 7 is then also activated by signals emanating from the input of the atrium preamplifier 1.
The refractory member 14 blocks the actuation of ventricle stimulation pulses whenever a signal is emitted by the OR gate 13, i.e. when signals are received at terminal V with AND gate 12 not blocked, for a period of 400 ms.
The output signal of the OR member 13, in principle, reaches an AND gate 15 which controls an output stage 16 having the form of a pulse former stage for generating the ventricle stimulating signals. The output of stage 16 is connected with the terminal for the ventricle electrode V and thus simultaneously with the input amplifier 11.
An additional refractory delay member 17 is actuated by pulses generated by the output stage 16. In response to these pulses, this refractory member 17 emits an L signal for a given period of time so as to block the AND gate 15 with respect to further signal pulses appearing from OR gate 13.
The refractory member 17 here forms a time member for the ventricular output signal. It serves to limit the rate of ventricular stimulation. If due to interference the sinus rate has a tendency to actuate too short a pulse train in the pacemaker the blocking time of member 17, preferably 400 ms, constitutes a rate limitation providing safety for the patient.
The signal path for amplifying the signals derived from the ventricle or for generating stimulation pulses for the ventricle usually includes means which, by themselves, when triggered by heart activity located in the ventricle, generate stimulation pulses for the ventricle unless the period following between pulses is so short that one of the refractory members 7, 14 or 17 prevents, via AND gate 12 or 15, respectively, the transfer of the pulses to the subsequent circuit member. Thus, as a response to a signal detected in the atrium or in the ventricle, the refractory member 7 blocks the further processing of pulses in both signal paths. This does not inhibit pulse generator 5 in the processing path for the atrium signals so that it still produces an output signal at the end of its reset period, while in the signal path for signals detected in the ventricle the generation of stimulation pulses which may possibly fall into the vulnerable phase of the heart is prevented.
In the normal case, a VA delay member 9 emits a signal with a delay by 25 ms after a pulse reaches its input from AND gate 12, i.e. after a signal is emitted by input amplifier 11 when the AND gate 12 is not being blocked by the refractory member 7 or 14. Based on the selected refractory periods, such a signal pulse would originate from a premature ventricular contraction.
The output signal of the delay member 9 reaches the sync input of the pulse generator 5 and thus causes immediate emission of a pulse by the pulse output stage 6 of the atrial signal path so that the pulse generator 5 is reset as well. The output signal of AND gate 4 simultaneously goes to the refractory member 7 which causes the emission by member 7 of a pulse determining the atrial refractory period. The delay period of the delay member 9 has been selected to be very short so that the subsequent stimulation pulse for the atrium is emitted almost immediately thereafter.
A further delay member 8, whose delay period during normal operation corresponds to the physiological AV transfer period of about 170 ms is connected with the output of the AND gate 4 and emits, upon the presence of a pulse at the gate 4 output, a delayed output signal. The pulse at the output of gate 4 also resets the pulse generator 5, i.e. is processed as a pulse appearing outside the refractory period. The output signal of the delay member 8 reaches a further input of the OR gate 13 which, passing via AND gate 15, actuates the output stage 16 and thus actuates a stimulation pulse for the ventricle.
The delay members 8 and 9 can be varied with respect to their delay periods by programming signals applied via lines P7' and P5', respectively, by programming means to be described below.
The refractory member 17 can be influenced by means of a further programming line P9 ; the input amplifier 11, the refractory member 14, and the amplitude of the pulses emitted by the output stage 16 can be influenced by signals applied via means of programming lines P11, P8 and P10, respectively.
The operation of the above described pacemaker portion will now be described with reference to FIGS. 3a through 3g.
FIG. 3a shows the curve of an EKG signal; in FIGS. 3a to 3c, the pulses SA represent stimulation pulses in the atria and pulses SV represent stimulation pulses in the ventricles. The signal patterns shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c are the outputs from stages 6 and 16, respectively. FIG. 3d shows a signal AV constituting the output from member 8 and containing pulses whose duration corresponds to the atrial-ventricular transfer period. Pulses corresponding to the atrial refractory period and the output from member 7 are shown in FIG. 3e, while FIGS. 3f and 3g depict the outputs of members 14 and 17, respectively, having pulses whose durations correspond to the ventricle refractory periods VRs and VRo, respectively. It can be seen that the total refractory period for the input signals (sensing for the ventricle is composed of the sum of the AV delay and the refractory period VRs of member 14.
The refractory periods--as they are shown in FIGS. 3d through 3g--depending from pulses appearing in ventricle or atrium decisively determine the possibilities of the pacemaker becoming acitve by way of stimulation in the sense of terminating tachyarrhythmias. The pulses shown in broken lines in FIG. 3 are not necessarily present and depend on the operating state of the pacemaker or on prior cardiac behavior. For example, pulse SA in FIG. 3a will appear only if no spontaneous pulse appears within the time window given by the refractory period.
The following comments are additionally significant in connection with the operation of the above-described pacemaker.
Since the ventricle pulse generator is never inhibited unless a partial block exists, there is no requirement in the illustrated embodiment for interference suppression means. Furthermore, there exists a significant difference between the atrial and ventricular pulse output functions. The atrial system generates pulses which are independent of the escape type. The ventricle pulse is dependent either on the atrial, ventricular or interference events and never occurs spontaneously.
Since the simultaneous detection of a ventricular systole may occur at both electrodes of a unipolar conductor system attached to the heart, the delay member 2 generates a brief delay of a few milliseconds to assure that this signal is evaluated correctly and is not interpreted as an event in the atrium. With the delay in member 2, a normal P wave blocks and actuates a new cycle with a slight delay. If the first event in this cycle is a premature ventricle contraction, the short delay in the atrial processing permits the ventricular input circuit to continue and to control the behavior.
In prior art sequential systems this delay was not necessary since there was no need to distinguish premature events in unidirectional systems.
After passing through the AND gate 4, the atrial signal actuates an atrial refractory period represented by the pulse produced by refractory member 7. Independent of whether the atrial event occurred spontaneously or as a result of stimulation, the refractory member 7 takes care, by way of its refractory function, that the atrial as well as the ventricular signal reception for gates 4 and 12, respectively, is blocked.
It must further be noted that the atrial pulse generator 5 is able to react in two different ways. In the case of an atrially sensed heartbeat, the pulse generator is set to a starting state in the manner of an oscillator which generates a signal when no pulse appears. The oscillator 5 is reset to the starting point of the cycle and at the end of the cycle a stimulus is generated. As for a ventricularly recorded event, the atrial pulse generator 5 is set ahead in time via its sync terminal so that the oscillator is synchronized with the end of the cycle and emits an atrial stimulus before a new cycle is actuated.
The AV delay member 8 forms a programmable time interval between a ventricularly determined event and the stimulus produced by retrograde transfer.
In the normal case, when the atrial systole appears first and the atrial as well as the ventricular signal detection is blocked, the AV delay member 8 constituting a clock pulse generator is started and at the end of the generated signal pulse a trigger signal is generated as the ventricular output pulse, in output stage 16, after the pulse has passed through the OR gate 13 and the AND gate 15.
FIG. 2 shows, in the form of a block circuit diagram, additional components which supplement the function of the pacemaker components shown in FIG. 1. Included in this are, on the one hand, means which permit, in the sense of programming, influencing of various parameters of the pacemaker as listed above. A signal received by an antenna 20 provided in the pacemaker and containing the operating values for the pacemaker in coded form is transmitted, if a reed switch 21 is also closed by means of a magnet, via an input amplifier 27 to a detector 28 which reads the received values, after checking in a testing circuit 29 for plausibility or the like, into a program register 30, the individual operating values for the pacemaker being placed on appropriate conductors in accordance with the program via a latch, or distributor, circuit 31.
The program signals for the VA delay control P5, and for the AV delay control P7, are influenced, in accordance with the invention, by further circuit means which operate in dependence on the heart signals. A signal detected from the ventricle electrode and appearing at the output of the AND gate 12, and which does not fall into any of the refractory periods for ventricular signals, i.e. constitutes an extrasystole, goes from the output C1 in FIG. 1 to the corresponding input of the circuit in FIG. 2 and thus advances a counter 24 for premature ventricle signals which in turn advances the VA-delay-scan circuit 23 containing a control value for the VA delay, starting from a minimum value of 25 ms. by one step of 12.2 ms with each count until the delay reaches a maximum value of 87.5 ms. This step-wise advancing is also effected by every further corresponding signal from the ventricle and thus converts the control signal for the VA delay appearing on line P5, as set by the external programming means, into an output signal P5, which reaches the delay member 9 of FIG. 1 and causes the timing of the VA delay member 9 to be set effectively.
The counter 24 is reset by a reset signal supplied via line C1, whenever a pulse appears at the output of the AND gate 4, i.e. a signal is detected in the atrium outside of the atrium refractory period. The signal on C1, simultaneously actuates an interval detector 25 which emits an output signal whenever the time between two atrium signals falls below the given time interval of 380 ms. However, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention (not shown) these means may also respond accordingly, whenever the average sinus rate within a given time period exceeds a limit value. The output signal from the interval detector 25 activates a switching device 22 for the AV delay which reduces the delay determined by signal P7, and produces modified output signal P7,. This reduction is cancelled whenever the sinus rate returns to a normal value or the interval between two atrium pulses from the heart itself has reached its normal value again.
The AV delay of the delay member 8 can thus be programmed or set not only from the pacemaker program memory but its value also is automatically shortened, via the timing circuit of block 25 in FIG. 2 (from 170 to 85 ms), if sinus intervals result which fall below a given value. The shortened intervals for the AV delay can be influenced from outside the body just as those of the VA delay, via the above-mentioned programming means.
Correspondingly, the VA delay period of the delay member 9 can be set via the program in memory 30 of FIG. 2 and is automatically increased via the control circuit 23 with every subsequent ventricular pacemaking event. The counter 24 of FIG. 2 is reset to zero by a signal on line C1, originating form AND gate 4 in FIG. 1 and appears, after a first pulse originating from the atrium has appeared, either spontaneously or as a demand pulse.
If the ventricular output signal is blocked by a signal corresponding to a premature contraction in the ventricle (PVC), it is desirable, according to the present invention, that this PVC signal be detected and processed, i.e. an atrial stimulus be generated to block every additional path in the heart and to reset the physiological timer to begin a new heart cycle and to assure that the next transferred heartbeat does not fall into the vulnerable phase of a premature ventricular heartbeat.
FIG. 4 shows this process for an exemplary EKG curve. FIG. 4 is a heartbeat waveform diagram depicting two normal, pacer-assisted sinus beats followed by a ventricle pulse SV and an atrial pulse SA provoked by a PVC. The pulse SA resets the sinus, or heartbeat, cycle, pre-empting conduction of an accessory path that could produce heartbeat waves P', R' and T'. This represents a primary distinguishing function of a bidirectional pacer. In the illustrated case, the provoked SA and SV pulses are essentially simultaneous.
It will now be explained how the signals, or pulses, must be processed which are determined very early by the ventricular input system. Obviously, any signal occurring before the ventricular recovery time cannot be of ventricular origin and should remain without influence on the pacemaker. Such interfering signals, e.g. electrode artifacts, chemical depolarization after the stimulus, the T wave or electromagnetic interference, are suppressed by the refractory period of the ventricle input circuit. Care is taken, moreover, that atrial stimulus signals or spontaneous atrial activities assure the programmed ventricular stimulus in any case, the recording of ventricular signals being superfluous in that period of time which begins with the P wave of the EKG and ends shortly before the T wave. The ventricular refractory period thus extends from the beginning of either an atrial or ventricular event to the end of the refractory period VRs.
For the person skilled in the art it is obvious that all these parameters should be modifiable without surgical invasion. The parameter values which are controlled by the program memory register 30 of the system (FIG. 2) are given in their respective values. Amplifier 27 effects amplification of the signal carrier, which carrier may be HF, magnetic, optical, etc. The detector 28 forms a receiver for the signal for changing or setting the program in register 30. The detector is locked by the latch 31 which monitors the fulfillment of the criteria of the code determined by the testing circuit 29.
In the description below, several modes of operation will be explained which are typical for the pacemaker according to the invention.
1. On the assumption that the sinus rate has a value of only 30 beats/min (sinus Bradycardia), the pacemaker generates, as shown in FIG. 5, an atrial stimulus SA followed by a ventricular stimulus SV with a given escape rate and a given time delay between each SA pulse and its associated SV pulse.
2. Referring to FIG. 6, if this sinus rate is greater than the escape rate of the pacemaker (for example 85 heartbeats per minute) the pacemaker sets back the atrial pulse generator without emitting an atrial stimulus (SA). A ventricular stimulus SV is generated at the end of the given time interval independently of any requirement. A prerequisite here is a one-to-one transfer and a relatively normal cardiac activity with or without physiological transfer.
3. If the sinus rate exceeds a given value of, for example, 95 heartbeats per minute, the pacemaker generates ventricular pulses SV which appear in synchronism with the atrial signal from the heart itself but at a given shortened AV delay interval, as shown in FIG. 7. This shortening of the AV delay occurs automatically together with a nonrefractory, premature atrial contraction.
4. On the assumption that the sinus rate is higher than a given maximum value for the heart rate of, for example, 160 heartbeats per minute, a ventricular pulse SV is emitted in synchronism, simultaneously or almost simultaneously in time, with a pulse in the atrium. The shortened AV delay results in a transfer, at a ratio of one for every two beats, to the ventricle which then has a rate of 80 heartbeats, as shown in FIG. 8. Medically this is considered to be a second degree block.
5. If, as before, the contraction is not prematurely refractory, but occurs merely before the next atrial escape time, the pacemaker emits ventricular as well as atrial pulses with a given VA delay, this delay period being increased with repeated occurrence and the first cycle originating from the sine node causes the system to be set back to the starting state. This sequence is shown in FIG. 4.
The premature ventricular contraction thus actuates an immediate atrial stimulus. If the next heartbeat originates properly from the atrium, the scanning function is interrupted and made inactive until again two or more heartbeats have occurred without sinus control. Scanning is continued until there is natural sinus activity or obvious sinus activity or until a given count is reached in counter 24 of FIG. 2.
The design of the above-mentioned component groups corresponds to that of prior art pacemakers for digitally operating circuits with discrete or programmed logic circuits, the individual, analog operating circuits (input amplifiers, output pulse formers) also corresponding, per se, to prior art circuits.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
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Groups see no meat price hikes in DA order
Prices of pork and poultry will not go up in spite of a new Department of Agriculture (DA) order that seeks to curb the smuggling of meat by fly-by-night operators, two associations of local meat producers said on Saturday.
Daniel Javellana, chair of the National Federation of Hog Farmers Inc., and Edwin Chen, head of Pork Producers Federation of the Philippines Inc., defended the DA's Administrative Order No. 9, which raised the minimum capital requirement for meat importers, among other new policies, to stop meat smuggling.
In a news release, Javellana assuaged fears raised by the Philippine Association of Meat Processors Inc. (Pampi) that the new order would jack up meat prices and implement trade barriers, arguing that
AO No. 9 would "actually strengthen the industry by cleaning up the list of importers."
"AO No. 9 provides for a minimum capital requirement of P5 million for meat importers. This aims to legitimize the system because there were undercapitalized fly-by-night meat importers in the past who were allowed to operate prior to this new order," Javellana said.
"This new order actually aims to end the loopholes in the process that allows smuggling," he said, recalling how some unscrupulous meat importers used to falsely declare their shipments of prime cut meat as offal, which carried a lower tariff of only 5 percent.
Chen also questioned Pampi's belated reaction to the March 18 order of the DA when the industry group was actually part of the consultations held last year that led to its issuance.
"AO No. 9 is the product of a year of consultations. Maybe they forgot that they were present?" Chen said.
"P5 million is equivalent to the [value] of one 40-foot container van [of meat products]. If you do not have the capital to import at least one container van, then you have no basis to be in this business," he said.
"Do we want fly-by-night importers to continue with their operations? This policy, in fact, protects meat processors in particular and the meat industry in general," he said.
Chen also said that, based on National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) data, cold storage facilities remained in full capacity despite the new order, debunking Pampi's claim that this would create an artificial demand that would spike prices as there would be fewer importers able to comply with the requirements of AO No. 9.
"The volume of imported meat is 8.8 million kilograms. Add that with local meat production and that gives you
10 million kg. So how can they claim that AO No. 9 is restrictive?" he said.
AO No. 9 requires new meat importers to submit their audited financial statements to the NMIS to qualify for accreditation, and imposes a minimum paid-up capital requirement of P5 million for new meat importers.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Ambassador Nancy Powell's sudden resignation does not indicate any realignment of America's ties with India, the US has said, asserting there is "no big behind the scenes story" that led her to quit.
"All the rumours and speculation are, quite frankly, totally false. She is retiring, after 37 years - returning home to Delaware by the end of May," State Department Deputy Spokesperson Marie Harf told reporters when asked about US envoy Powell's announcement that she has sent her resignation to President Barack Obama.
"I don't have further insight into why she chose now, but it's not at all related to anything happening in the relationship. It doesn't indicate any realignment of the relationship.
"It is in no way related to any tension, any recent situations. There's no big behind the scenes story here," Harf said.
When asked if Powell's resignation reflected any "realignment of diplomatic relations between India and the US seven days before the elections", she said there's "no big secret" to timing here.
In an unexpected development, Powell, 66, resigned yesterday, in the midst of general elections in India.
"She announced that she has submitted her resignation to President Obama, as has been planned for some time.
"This is the end of a distinguished 37-year career, she deserves to retire - that has included postings as US ambassador to Uganda, Ghana, Pakistan, Nepal and India, as well as service in a number of other locations. But I want to dispel any rumours out there that this is related in any way to anything besides her long-planned retirement," Harf said.
No decision has been made about Powell's replacement. The US said the key partnership with India will continue under whoever is named the next ambassador.
"Let me see exactly when she's heading back and who will be stepping in to fill in her shoes. Obviously, the relationship between the US and India isn't about one person - while incredibly important, it's about the whole host of officials that engage, from Secretary (of State, John) Kerry and others at the White House and here on down.
"So the relationship is much broader than our ambassador, although she is wonderful and amazing, and, again, I think, deserves a retirement after 37 years," the State Department Deputy Spokesperson said.
Harf said the US is looking forward to working with the new Indian government after the general elections and that the bilateral ties are stronger and would continue to strengthen.
"...we have a very, very close relationship with India on a whole host of issues, whether it's energy, the economy, environmental issues, security issues - a whole host of issues," she said.
Powell's detractors faulted her for the recent diplomatic stand off between the two countries on the Devyani Khobragade affair saying she could not foresee the problem and strains it could cause to bilateral ties.


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Station in work shop
Amateur Radio Since 1 9 5 7
Three operating positions.
1. Kenwood TS-480, 560 ft. Delta Loop up 30 ft. ( In House primary photo)
2. Stations in work shop consist of a Kenwood TS-480 used to drive a AL-80A
( HF 40-80-160 M ) also an AL-80B converted to 6 meters 900 watts. G5RV and a 5 ele. on 6 M
3. Antenna's for HF are KT34M2 (10-15-20 M ) at 45 ft. Kenwood TS-2000 / Ameritron AL-572
For 2 M Yaesu FT 847 w/SSB preamp and for some power a Henry 2002A 200 Mhz commercial
converted to 144 Mhz using the 3CPX800A7 1 KW, Ant. 2M7 7 element 2M Yagi and a 2M Halo
for general coverage 2 M
Strip line for Henry 2002A with 3CPX8007A
Attention to all EME Operators
Shown above you will see the deed and title to my property on the moon. This is to inform you that
you are welcome to bounce your signals off of my property located on the moon as shown below.
If your signal hits this spot shown, ooo you are on the property
feel free to use it as often as you can mainly looking for K9SLQ to return........ your CQ.
Tubes in use at K9SLQ
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- Memorandum to Local Boards of Health and Emergency Planning and Response Partners
- Show Me: A Communication Tool for Emergency Shelters
The Office of Preparedness and Emergency Management has created a simple, hands-on tool to reduce communication barriers and better assist individuals with access and functional needs, and professional shelter staff and volunteers, make their needs and concerns understood within a community shelter setting during an emergency.
To order a copy of the booklet or to request print files to print your own booklets, please visit the Massachusetts Health Promotion Clearinghouse.
Free Mobile Application
The Office of Preparedness and Emergency Management is pleased to announce the release of a free mobile application, Show Me for Emergencies, an innovative, interactive app that will enhance communication between public health and emergency management personnel and volunteers and individuals with communication challenges across a variety of emergency settings.
The app expands upon the work that was done on the 2012 booklet, Show Me: A Communication Tool for Emergency Shelters, to include not only emergency shelter settings, but emergency dispensing sites, shelter in place, and evacuation scenarios as well. Within each scenario there are options to communicate information such as an individual's preferred language, the type of emergency that's happening, personal and medical needs, animated instructions for actions like boiling water or gathering items, along with a multitude of other concepts. The images posted here illustrate two of the screens found in the app. One of the essential features of the app is that once it's downloaded to a user's device, the app does not need internet connectivity in order to access its content.
Show Me for Emergencies is available to download from both the iTunes® and Google Play® stores.
Show Me Inquiry
Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
This information is provided by Emergency Preparedness within the Department of Public Health.
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text:
Smoking weed on Bambu,
from The Notorious B.I.G. – Juicy Lyrics on Genius
Like ME, Biggie is a fan of Bambu brand rolling papers
Here's a young Barack Obama looking like the Bambu guy:
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit The Notorious B.I.G. – Juicy Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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Ang Lee
Life of Pi a roaring success at Visual Effects Society Awards, audience feels warm and fuzzyIt seems like every night another group is handing out awards to feature films. On Tuesday night, Feb. 5, 2013, the Visual Effects Society gave a Visionary Award to Life of Pi director Ang Lee and four
Photos from the London premiere of Life of Pi(Updated with Tom Hiddleston's tweet about the film, Life of Pi.) Life of Pi had its premiere in London on Monday, Dec. 3. Various stars turned out to see it, but many of their names are unfamiliar
Yann Martel and the Life of Pi: Book vs. FilmSeeing Life of Pi, the film, yesterday afternoon, sent me back to the book. It was a shock to realize that more than 10 years have passed since I turned the pages of Yann Martel's book for the first time.
Festival du nouveau cinéma nabs Ang Lee's Life of PiAng Lee's Life of Pi will be shown at the Festival du nouveau cinéma (FNC), with Montreal author Yann Martel (on whose hit novel the film is based) in attendance.
A boy, a boat, and a Bengal tiger: World premiere of Life of Pi wows critics at New York film festCast member Suraj Sharma (L) and director Ang Lee attend the opening night gala presentation of film Life Of Pi at the 50th New York Film Festival at Alice Tully Hall in New York September 28, 2012.


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Early detection.
Accurate diagnosis.
Proper treatment.
ClinicalTrials.gov – a registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world; provides information about a trial's purpose, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details.
FDA Patient Network – The Patient Network is a part of the Food and Drug Administration, bringing the unique perspective of patients, family members, caregivers, and patient advocates to the decision-making processes of the FDA. Through the Patient Network, you can learn more about FDA and how it works, provide input in decisions about new or current medical products, and talk with FDA experts about issues and concerns that are important to you.
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5/19/2015 » 9/8/2015WomenHeart of Dallas
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5/27/2015WomenHeart of DC
11/25/2014WomenHeart and International Patient Groups Join Forces for New Global Heart Failure Alliance
11/18/2014Watch our National Patient Education Webinar on Women, Heart Disease and Sleep Apnea!
11/15/2014Health Insurance Marketplace Open Enrollment Begins November 15!
9/19/2014Have You Gotten Your Flu Vaccine Yet?
7/28/2014WomenHeart comments on new study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology


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Inventory Search Tutorial
Inventory Search:
Scans the database for both Part Number & Description for a partial match.
If you are logged in as a customer and we have your part number on file, you can search our inventroy by your part number .
Last Entry:
Remembers the last number that you entered for quick retrieval.Commonly used to apply a filter after the initial search.
Advanced Search:
The filters can be used alone or in any combination to narrow your search.
Part Number only will display all partial matches that contain the requested part number. Note: will not scan the description field.
By leaving the search field blank and choosing a Manufacturer you can view the complete database for that manufacturer or the In-Stock only items.
Add'l Info
Will display only if there is relevant information to help in the product selection. Click the image to enlarge.
Model Code
Will always display the Catalog Model Code, the Vendors' Part number and, if available, the Customer Part Number (The customer part number will only show if you are logged-in as a customer).
Will display information necessary for product selection.
Will display the inventory which is available for immediate shipment.*Click the number available to see specific location of the inventory.*Click 'Lead Time' or 'Need More' to view Current Factory Lead Times.
This field will add the quantity entered to your shopping cart by clicking 'Add to Cart' or 'Enter' key. If the quantity selected is greater than the inventory shown, a backorder will be created with a Factory Lead Time as shown.
The price displayed is a competitive price based on normal quantities. For customers with a large negotiated volume discount, your price will be calculated and displayed after you log on to the website.
Product Search Tutorial
This Product Search is a drill down through hundreds of product categories and thousands of SKUs to help locate a specific item without the need for a Vendor Name, Part Description or Part Number.
The final page of the drill down will display a listing of parts that have met your search requirements. These items can be added to your shopping cart. Catalog literature and data sheets associated with the products can be printed or downloaded for future reference.
Due to the large number of SKUs in our database and the numerous category choices, this section of our website is an ongoing project. Every day we are adding categories and part numbers. Please check back often to see what is new.
HydraSmart™ Power Unit
HydraSmart is the next generation Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU). Hydrasmart is an efficient plug and play HPU that provides variable pressure and flow, easily set by touchscreen.
HydraSmart is typically used with all electric machinery such as injection molding or machine tool/CNC.
Manufactured and Distributed by CMA / Flodyne / HydradyneFor more information click here
E47 Precision & Compact Prewired Switches
E49 Mini & Compact Metal Switches
E50 Heavy Duty Plug-In & Factory Sealed Switches
LS-Titan Miniature DIN Switches
Non Plug-In Switches (10316 Type L)
Hazardous Location Switches
Special Purpose Switches
Electric Drives/Ctrl
Assembly Tech
Linear Motion
is the industry's top innovator in fuse technology, providing fusible circuit protection and electrical safety solutions that protect equipment and enable reliable, effcient power ditribution.
Low Voltage, Branch Circuit Rated Fuses. 4 fuse color-coded families with 3 tiers of protection. (ultimate, advanced and basic protection)
Yellow Label Low-Peak Fuses - Ultimate Protection
Green Label Fusetron Energy Efficient Fuses - Advanced Protection
Black Label Limitron Fuses - Advanced Critical Component Protection
Gray Label General Purpose Fuses - Basic Protection
2-1/2"Stainless Steel Liquid Filled 1/4"NPT
2-1/2"Stainless Steel Liquid Filled SAE-4
2-1/2"Stainless Steel Liquid Filled BSPP
4"Stainless Steel Liquid Filled 1/4"NPT
4"Stainless Steel Liquid Filled SAE-4
4"Stainless Steel Liquid Filled BSPP
Electronic Pneumatic Valves
Clippard revolutionized the electronic valve market in the early 1970's with a line of miniature valves that became the industry standard for life and reliability.
• Standard EV, ET, EC, EW Series • Oxygen Clean EV, ET, EC, EW Series • Analytically Clean EV, ET, EC, EW Series • Corrosion Resistant EV, ET, EC, EW Series • Intrinsically Safe 2-Way/3-Way Valves
Accumulator Products
Three distinct accumulator designs are available, ensuring the accumulator fits the application rather than forcing the application to fit the accumulator. The designs are Bladder, Diaphragm, and Piston. Available up to 15,000 psi working pressure. Specialized variations of Diaphragm and Bladder Accumulators are available for pulsation dampening, silencing, and shock absorption.
Types: • Bladder Type • Diaphragm Type • Piston Type • Pulsation Dampeners, shock absorbers & Silencers • Nitrogen Bottles
Direct Drive Motor
Introducing a Direct Drive motor achieving high cost-performance — a rotary actuator that directly drives a rotary table with a motor without using any speed reducing mechanism such as a belt or reduction gears. Eliminating the speed reducing mechanism translates to high speed and excellent response, while the compact actuator lets you reduce the size of your equipment.
Direct Drive Motor Catalog


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Deepika Padukone is playing the role a bar dancer in Farah Khan's 'Happy New Year' and will be seen wearing very bright costumes to compliment her character. She was wearing the same type clothes when she auditioned for the role that took place in Mannat.
When SRK's daughter Suhana was going through the test shots she failed to recognize Deepika and sweetly asked her, "Where are you in this?" Deepika explained to the young girl that she was the one in the loud clothes trying to fit in the character.
Deepika stars opposite Shah Rukh Khan in this movie and the shooting has already begun.
Do you like this article?
|Posted by:
|India-Forums.com Bollywood Team
|User Rating
|(24 Votes)
|trisa_98, MissUArYa, sp87, sweetsomu, ..PriyaB.., Nikhi., vijayata123, ArVi-licious, christiandior., shweta2728, Asya_KaJen, -Maryam.K-, aakanshya, mehr05, mrym_rauf, gowri1712, -RanDeep-, Baki, Proud-India, Ethereal-Path, adithyan, Mahak Sinha, ..Glycerine.., whiterose29
Suhana is so cute...
this is so important to know. thanks.
deepika is really a talented n versatile one...improving day by day
What a news bravo
. put 2mor's headlines as "Shahrukh's daughter fails to recognise him in RA-ONE "
Edited on:24 September 2013 at 11:21pm
SRK and Deepika make a rocking pair!!!!!
LOve Deepika Padukone and Shah Rukh Khan so much! Deepika is so pretty while SRK is so talented!
King Khan and Deepika together rock!!! One of my favorite jodis since OSO!
Right...most interesting news I've heard all day.
look like it a slow news day.
THIS is an article? What was the point of it? Ehh...
Deepika you are a rising star! You're so talented!
Shah Rukh Khan was seen watching Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi during his break time.
Yami Gautam, who ventured into Bollywood with Shoojit Sircar's "Vicky ...
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Rocky Mountain House, Alberta Hotels & Resorts - The Wilds Of Rocky Mountain House Alberta offers up some of the most spectacular mountain and foothill scenery in North America. Along the cowboy trail
Rocky Mountain House, Alberta Hotels & Resorts - Located in the Rocky Mountain foothills, our property offers free hot breakfast, free parking, hot tub and steam room and an on site restaurant and lounge.
Rocky Mountain House, Alberta Hotels & Resorts - Choose this Rocky Mountain House hotel and enjoy generous amenities and easy access to the area's corporate offices and charming attractions.
Rocky Mountain House, Alberta Dude Ranch - Alberta Active: Dude Ranch
Find the perfect accommodations for vacations, romantic weekends and adventurous getaways. Find the right accommodations for your travels, from budget to luxury!


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Download for iOS & Android
Go Badgers!
Know why "Jump Around" was recently named the Best College Game Day tradition? Ask Bucky! ... more >
If you're planning an extended stay when you come our way, you'll love our locations that feature spacious suites and any amenity you could need while you're in your home away from home. To plan your stay, simply search the database below to browse our listings by location or keyword. When your results are displayed, click to discover details about each property.


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|Living with Adult ADHD
|Organization Skills
|ADHD in Women
|Signs & Symptoms
|ADHD Jobs
|ADHD in College
|Relationship Problems
|Time Management
|Young Adults
|ADHD Apps & Tools
|Health, Sleep, Stress
|First 100 Days
|ADHD Parenting Home
|Parenting Strategies
|2015 Camp Guide
|Oppositional Defiant
|Health & Nutrition
|Discipline Problems
|Organization Skills
|Routines That Work
|ADHD Teens
|Social Skills
|No More Nagging!
|ADHD Treatment Home
|Treating Your Child
|Medication Reviews
|ADHD Medications
|Side Effects
|Alternative Treatments
|Treating Kids Naturally
|The ADHD Diet
|First 100 Days
|ADHD/LD School Home
|Organization Skills
|Behavior at School
|Teachers' Guide
|Sports & Activities
|Working with School
|School Accommodations
|Learning Disabilities
|High School
|IEP/504 Plan
|Homework Help
|Working Memory
|ADHD Diagnosis Home
|ADHD Self Tests
|Diagnosing LD
|Signs of ADHD
|Executive Function
|Related Conditions
|Types of ADHD
|Getting a Diagnosis
|Diagnosing Kids
|First 100 Days
|ADHD in Women
|Anxiety & Depression
|ADHD Directory
|Free Downloads
|Free Webinars
|ADHD Events
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« All Blogs
Shut Up About Your Perfect Kid blogAutism, bi-polar disorder, ADD, and LD
Out Of FocusRants, raves and idiocies from an ADHD perspective
Toys Are ToolsProduct advice for all kinds of growth
Can mom be calm?Raising special needs kids without anxiety or depression
GoAdoptionGift of Adoption Fund blog
Adrienne Ehlert BashistaAuthor, school visitor, book lover, and librarian
Easy to Love But Hard to RaiseBlog companion to the new collection of parenting essays edited by Kay Marner and and Adrienne Ehlert Bashista« Recent Blog Posts
Archives: December 2009
posted: Tuesday December 29th - 10:57am
Happy ADHD New Year! From Risperdal
The best gift the holiday season brought to our family came in a prescription bottle, with a label reading: Risperdal.
The best gift the holiday season brought to our family this year came in a prescription bottle, with a label reading: Risperdal. Natalie completed a psychological evaluation in November and, armed with the results, we met with her pediatrician to review her meds. She and the psychologist were in agreement—our next step should be adding Risperdal to the meds Natalie was already taking for ADHD. I...
Continue Reading »
posted: Friday December 11th - 12:55pm
More Fidgets for ADHD Children
My attention deficit daughter tires of ADHD coping mechanisms quickly, so when it comes to fidgets, I'm constantly on the lookout for new fidgeting objects or ideas that'll help her focus.
Natalie's learning to self-monitor her ADHD antsiness level at school, right now. She's using a thumbs up/thumb sideways/thumbs down signal system to communicate how she's feeling to her teacher or aide. Thumbs up means she's fine. Sideways means she could use a fidget or a little movement as she works. Thumbs down means it's time for a break -- a walk to the resource room to...
Continue Reading »
posted: Tuesday December 8th - 12:04pm
My ADHD Daughter and Constant Messiness
There is one explanation for a Lego infiltration of this magnitude: Maybe Natalie, with her ADHD-fueled tendency toward random chaos-making, did something yet again.
In our house, we find Legos in the weirdest places. I think they come to life at night when everyone's asleep, scatter to explore every nook and cranny, and then transform back into inanimate objects at daybreak -- wherever they happen to be at the time. In the bathtub. The cat's food dish. Down inside the garbage disposal. Don't believe me? Well, there is one other possible...
Continue Reading »
posted: Wednesday December 2nd - 12:30pm« ADHD Parenting Blog's blog
Family Movie Night: An ADHD First
For most families, watching a movie together is routine. For my ADHD daughter and my family, it was a cause for celebration, a highly significant event.
Quality family time seems to be a rare commodity in our ADHD-affected household. Sure, the four of us -- Don, Aaron, Natalie and I -- are often in the house at the same time, but even family meals -- the gold standard of family togetherness -- tend to be more about chaos than quality; more badgering than bonding. "Natalie! Sit down!" "Natalie! Put that away. Not...
Continue Reading »
« All Blogs


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List of accepted organizations released for Google Summer of Code 2011
Google has released the list of organisations that are accepted into this year's Google Summer of Code.
Google Summer of Code is a world-wide program that encourages students to participate in coding Open Source software by offering a paid stipend for participation in the project. Students are paired with a mentor from one of the registered projects.
The project started in 2005, and has sponsored over 4500 students to work with 3000 mentors in 100 countries. Some students had never participated in Open Source development before the project; others are able to use the stipend as a means to focus on contributing to their projects full-time over the summer period. Students gain experience in what it's like to engage in real-world software development and skills to help them find employment after their studies. Participating projects have the opportunity to recruit developers to continue contributing to the project after SoC is over, and benefit from the Open Source code that is produced during the program.
Google sponsored 1026 students in 2010, and expect the number to be higher in 2011. The program is currently accepting student applications - head on over to code.google.com/soc/ and apply!
static const char *usblp_messages[] = { "ok", "out of paper", "off-line", "on fire" };
Previously known as Jes Hall (http://www.linuxjournal.com/users/jes-hall/track)
Tools and Technologies for Scale and Reliability
by Linux Journal Editor Bill Childers
Sponsored by IBM
Scheduling Crontabs With an Enterprise Scheduler
On Demand
Moderated by Linux Journal Contributor Mike Diehl
Sponsored by Skybot
Trending Topics
Webinar: 8 Signs You're Beyond Cron
On Demand NOW
Join Linux Journal and Pat Cameron, Director of Automation Technology at HelpSystems, as they discuss the eight primary advantages of moving beyond cron job scheduling. In this webinar, you'll learn about integrating cron with an enterprise scheduler.View Now!
|June 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: Networking
|Jun 01, 2015
|June 2015 Video Preview
|Jun 01, 2015
|My Humble Little Game Collection
|May 28, 2015
|New Linux Based OS Brings Internet of Things Closer to Reality
|May 27, 2015
|Non-Linux FOSS: All the Bitcoin, None of the Bloat
|May 26, 2015
|Dr Hjkl on the Command Line
|May 21, 2015
- June 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: Networking
- New Linux Based OS Brings Internet of Things Closer to Reality
- Initializing and Managing Services in Linux: Past, Present and Future
- Dr Hjkl on the Command Line
- My Humble Little Game Collection
- Using Hiera with Puppet
- Gartner Dubs DivvyCloud Cool Cloud Management Vendor
- Infinite BusyBox with systemd
- Goodbye, Pi. Hello, C.H.I.P.
- Non-Linux FOSS: All the Bitcoin, None of the Bloat


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- Preservation Home
- About Us
- Collections Care
- Conservation Highlights
- Emergency Preparedness
- Family Treasures
- Outreach Opportunities
- Preservation Science
- Resources
- Contact
Related Links
subscribe_url: '/share/sites/Bapu4ruC/preservation.php'
High school acid-base chemistry at work to save brittle books: how the Library neutralizes acidic papers and books en masse with an alkaline (basic) agent.
Select conservation treatments from the Library's special collections conservation labs.
The Library uses the web-based Advanced Bindery Library Exchange (ABLE™ 7.0) for binding preparation.
|| Emergency Management ||
Natural and manmade disasters present various threats to collections, from interrupting building environmental control systems to total loss. Preparedness is the best protection against damage and loss.
More about Emergency Preparedness
Even the best plans cannot eliminate all threats; emergency preparedness always includes a plan for responding to emergencies and recovering affected collections.
|| Get Help||
||Events ||
Preservation Week is April 26 - May 2
SOS! Saving Our Stuff, a special display and accompanying online exhibit
Recent Topics in Preservation Series Lectures (all with streaming video):
Fostering the Transatlantic Dialogue on Digital Heritage and EU Research Infrastructures: Initiatives and Solutions in the USA and in Italy
Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Winterthur-University of Delaware Program in Art Conservation (WUDPAC)
Evaluating Storage Materials: Alternatives to the Oddy Test
Past Event: Preservation Science Symposium
New Research on Iron Gall Ink


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Ephron and Englander Kibbitz About New Play
One of those Upper West Side evenings
About halfway through last night's Selected Shorts event at Symphony Space, Nora Ephron turned to the audience in only half feigned frustration and asked, "Does ANYONE know when he decided to become a writer?"
The "he" in question was Nathan Englander, and it turns out open-ended questions aren't his thing. While he may be a master of the written word, when it came to his oratorical skills he was the first to admit his flaws: "All my stories take nine hours. If you ask me what time it is, I'll start with my birth." When Ephron asked Englander if he identified as a Jewish writer, Englander mused aloud, "It's not like anyone asked John Updike, 'How has being Christian affected your breakfast?'" When she asked him about his "first bacon," he mumbled something about ham and airplanes, ending by explaining, "My friends who have stopped being religious are much better at it than me. I'm basically a deeply religious person trying to be an atheist."
The evening was anchored by a discussion of the transformation of one of Englander's first short stories, "The Twenty-Seventh Man," into a play set to premiere at the Public Theater in November. Ephron read the story in 1999, thought it would be great on the stage, and called Englander's agent to set up a meeting. They had breakfast at Amsterdam Avenue smoked fish joint Barney Greengrass ("to establish my Jew cred," Ephron said) and she effectively became his mentor. Englander was excited about the idea, but wanted to finish his novel first. That was more than 10 years ago.
Englander's story takes place in Soviet Russia, where the 26 greatest Yiddish writers have been rounded up to be killed. We meet three of these writers and the 27th, who maybe shouldn't be there, as they are gathered and placed in the same small cell. Michael Stuhlbarg (who has his own "Jew cred" from A Serious Man) gave a mesmerizing reading that offered a glimpse into how fitting this story is for the stage and had the audience wondering why one actor can't play all the roles.
The laughs came when, in a discussion after the story, Englander claimed he was a fifth-generation American, only to have Ephron explain that you only start counting with the generation born in the country. Still, as a fourth-generation American, Englander dubbed his family "Mayflower Jews," lamenting that they really should be richer, all things considered.
Selected Shorts: Nathan Englander and Nora Ephron [Symphony Space]
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Tablet is committed to bringing you the best, smartest, most enlightening and entertaining reporting and writing on Jewish life, all free of charge. We take pride in our community of readers, and are thrilled that you choose to engage with us in a way that is both thoughtful and thought-provoking. But the Internet, for all of its wonders, poses challenges to civilized and constructive discussion, allowing vocal—and, often, anonymous—minorities to drag it down with invective (and worse). Starting today, then, we are asking people who'd like to post comments on the site to pay a nominal fee—less a paywall than a gesture of your own commitment to the cause of great conversation. All proceeds go to helping us bring you the ambitious journalism that brought you here in the first place.
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We hope this new largely symbolic measure will help us create a more pleasant and cultivated environment for all of our readers, and, as always, we thank you deeply for your support.


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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceAmana Range
Level of DifficultyEasy
Time to do repairLess than 15 mins
Age of Appliance5 - 10 years
Screw drivers
0 out of 1 people found this instruction helpful
Very simple fix. I pulled the stove away from the wall and unplugged from outlet. Open the oven door and remove the oven racks. I used a phillips screw driver to remove the 2 screws holding the element and then pulled out. There were 2 wires attached to the element, those just pull off. Just reverse the process with the new element and you are good to go.
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Part Number: PS2091055
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K. Shyamala is gearing up for the next academic year. She is just 81 years old, saysDEEPA H. RAMAKRISHNAN
K. Shyamala is eighty-one years old, and looking forward to her next course in Vaishnavism at the Madras University. There is talk of a course on Nalayira Divya Prabandham being brought under the open university system… If that happens, I will be the first to apply," says the octogenarian, who lives in Karpagam Gardens.
Not long ago, she completed a bachelor's and a masters degree in the same subject, returning to the classroom after a long hiatus. With the support of the Venkatakrishnan, head of the department of Vaishnavism at the University, she dealt with the initial hiccups.
'At every contact class, he would encourage me. My confidence levels soared, and I sat in the front bench," says Shymala. Her family was a big source of encouragement. "My son was cheering me along the way. My daughter-in-law would write essays for me. Now, she has signed up for MA Vaishnavism," said Shyamala, who recently received an award from the Lioness Club.
Shyamala had earlier successfully completed a bachelor's vaishnavism, where a paper in English introduced her to Shakespeare and Tagore. "Tagore's Kabuliwallah brought tears to my eyes," she says. Two degrees have not Shyamala's hunger for learning – she believes only a few pursuits are more fulfilling than treading the path of knowledge.
(Continued on page 5)


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(CHICAGO) Women with the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, which are linked to a very high risk of breast and ovarian cancer, can safely take hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) to mitigate menopausal symptoms after surgical removal of their ovaries, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania which will be presented Monday, June 6 during the American Society for Clinical Oncology's annual meeting (Abstract #1501). Results of the prospective study indicated that women with BRCA mutations who had their ovaries removed and took short-term HRT had a decrease in the risk of developing breast cancer.
Research has shown that in women who carry the BRCA mutations, the single most powerful risk-reduction strategy is to have their ovaries surgically removed by their mid-30s or early 40s. The decrease in cancer risk from ovary removal comes at the cost of early menopause and menopausal symptoms including hot flashes, mood swings, sleep disturbances and vaginal dryness quality-of-life issues that may cause some women to delay or avoid the procedure.
"Women with BRCA1/2 mutations should have their ovaries removed following child-bearing because this is the single best intervention to improve survival," says lead author Susan M. Domchek, MD, an associate professor in the division of Hematology-Oncology and director of the Cancer Risk Evaluation Program at Penn's Abramson Cancer Center. "It is unfortunate to have women choose not to have this surgery because they are worried about menopausal symptoms and are told they can't take HRT. Our data say that is not the case these drugs do not increase their risk of breast cancer."
Senior author Timothy R. Rebbeck, PhD, associate director of population science at the Abramson Cancer Center, notes that BRCA carriers may worry based on other studies conducted in the general population showing a link between HRT and elevated cancer risk that taking HRT may
|Contact: Holly Auer
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine


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The Reporting API is designed for multi-user web applications. The API uses HTTPS POST and the OAuth 1.0 standard protocol to securely authenticate each request and authorize the scope of each API report.
The OAuth 1.0 protocol is a secure authentication and authorization service. This allows your web application to be given permission to access specific areas of your user's GoogleApps data without revealing the users' names and passwords. The authentication examples in this document use the OAuth 1.0 delegated access 3-legged work flow which lets your web application access a GoogleApps user's data hosted on the Google servers.
The OAuth protocol is the recommended secure authentication service for this API.
The examples in this document assume you are providing the appropriate authentication.
OAuth scope parameter
Use the following scope for read only access to the Reporting API:
Getting and using a token credential
When setting up your OAuth credentials, determine your development environment, signature type and application registration. Then create your token credentials, and the OAuth signature.
For detailed OAuth information, see the OAuth reference and resources section of this document. And, if you are new to OAuth, we recommend the Beginner's Guide for OAuth.
Your development environment
We recommend using a Google API client library. For Java clients, see the Java OAuth client library Overview for detailed instructions for getting and using an OAuth token credential.
The OAuth examples in this document use the generic XML.
Determine your OAuth signature and register your application
Before building up your OAuth 1.0 configuration, determine the type of OAuth signature used by your client application, and register your web application with Google.
- If your application requires enhanced security using the RSA-SHA1 signature, you must get your security certificate before registering your application with Google. The uploading of this certificate is part of the registration process. For more information, see Generating keys and certificates for use with registered mode.
- If you use a HMAC-SHA1 signature to sign your requests, no security certificate is required. For the HMAC-SHA1 signature, Google generates an OAuth consumer secret value, which is displayed on your domain's registration page after you have registered.
For more information on the registration process, see Registration for Web Applications. For more information about registering, see 'Deciding whether to register your web application'. This gives you your client credential (consumer key and secret).
Note: Do not use the OAuth non-registered option where the consumer key and consumer secret properties have 'anonymous' values. The API feeds are available to Google registered applications only. And all of your application's OAuth interactions must be digitally signed.
Get a token credentialFollow these general steps to obtain an a token credential. For more information, see OAuth Authentication for Web Applications:
- Get your temporary token (request token). This token is used once. (OAuthGetRequestToken)
- Ask the user to authorize the request token (OAuthAuthorizeToken)
- Exchange the authorized request token for a token credential (access token). (OAuthGetAccessToken)
Create your OAuth signature
Once you have a valid token credential, your client application can send requests with an OAuth_signature, and Authorization header. These examples use the RSA-SHA1 signature method.
- Create the signature base string. Note, the actual string is continuous. This example
uses line returns for display purposes.
POST&https://www.google.com/hosted/services/v1.0/reports/ReportingData &oauth_consumer_key=example.com&oauth_nonce=38863f48...28dd9fd2c &oauth_signature_method=RSA-SHA1&oauth_timestamp=1249972977 &oauth_token=1%2Fz1...LMzNBrKhElA&oauth_version=1.0
- Set the
oauth_signatureto the result of signing the base string with the algorithm you specify in
the oauth_signature_method. This requires URL-encoding the signature base string. Note, the string is continuous and this example uses line returns for display purposes.
POST&https%3A%2%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhosted%2Fservices%2Fv1.0%2Freports %2FReportingData%2F&oauth_consumer_key%3Dexample.com %26oauth_nonce%3D38863f48...28dd9fd2c%26oauth_signature_method%3DRSA-SHA1 %26oauth_timestamp%3D1249972977%26oauth_token%3D1%252Fz1...LMzNBrKhElA %26oauth_version%3D1.0
- The Authorization header is similar to this example. Note, the string is continuous and
this example uses line returns for display purposes.
POST https://www.google.com/hosted/services/v1.0/reports/ReportingData ...
Authorization: OAuth oauth_version="1.0", oauth_nonce="38863f48...28dd9fd2c", >oauth_timestamp="1249972977", oauth_consumer_key="example.com", oauth_token="1%2Fz1...LMzNBrKhElA", oauth_signature_method="RSA-SHA1", oauth_signature="kH%2BjQd%2Ba8...odMeUnsU%2FxANOw%3D"
Additional OAuth reference and resources
Getting started
- Beginner's Guide for OAuth, highly recommended if you are new to OAuth
- Using the OAuth Playground tool , a recommended tool for understanding the credential work flow.
- http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/apps-apis/, for questions or comments about the OAuth Playground or OAuth in general, visit the Google Apps APIs help forum
- OAuth for Web Applications
- Using OAuth with the Google Data APIs
- OAuth 1.0 API Reference.
- Registration for web-based applications, includes certification information.
- Authorize your application to use the 3-legged OAuth process
ClientLogin Authentication
Important: ClientLogin has been officially deprecated as of April 20, 2012. We strongly encourage you to migrate to the OAuth protocol as soon as possible.
Each API request that you send needs to contain an authentication token, which Google will use to authorize access to the operation specified in the API request. Authentication tokens are only available to users who have administrative rights in your domain, and those tokens only authorize operations within your domain.
The ClientLogin Interface provides additional information about programmatically logging users into their accounts.
Obtaining a ClientLogin Authentication Token
To obtain an authentication token, submit an HTTP POST request to the following URL:
The following guidelines apply to the request:
The POST body needs to include a string in the following format:
accountType=HOSTED&Email=email_address&Passwd=password or two-step access code
You will need to make the following changes to this string:
Replace the string email_address with the email address for your hosted admin account.
Replace the string password with the password for that account or the two-step verification access code.
The email address and password in the POST body must be URL-encoded. For example, the URL-encoded form of the email address firstname.lastname@example.com is apps%2Etest%2Eaccount%40example%2Ecom.
The POST request must specify the value application/x-www-form-urlencoded for the Content-Type header.
Google will return a response containing your authentication token in response to your POST request. The authentication token will be the SID value on that page. You need to extract the token from the page and then submit that token in API requests.
Note: Authentication tokens expire after 24 hours. As such, you will need to submit a request to the above URL at least once every 24 hours. We recommend that you keep the token in memory rather than writing it to a file.
Sample Code for Obtaining an Authentication Token
The following Perl script demonstrates how to make an HTTP POST request for an authentication token.
#! /usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use LWP::UserAgent; # Create an LWP object to make the HTTP POST request my $lwp_object = LWP::UserAgent->new; # Define the URL to submit the request to my $url = 'https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin'; # Submit the request with values for the accountType, # Email and Passwd variables. my $response = $lwp_object->post( $url, [ 'accountType' => 'HOSTED', 'Email' => 'email@example.com', 'Passwd' => 'admin_password' ] ); die "$url error: ", $response->status_line unless $response->is_success; # Extract the authentication token from the response my $auth_token; foreach my $line (split/\n/, $response->content) { if ($line =~ m/^SID=(.+)$/) { $auth_token = $1; last; } } print "authentication token is $auth_token\n";
Note that to use this code, you need to replace the Email and Passwd values with the email address and password for your hosted admin account.


text:
When your managers need to interview candidates or hold sensitive conversations with employees, it might help if they work from a script that you create based on written company policies. This piece offers suggested language for performance appraisal discussions, interviews, discipline and termination.
View Full Article in:HR Daily Advisor
Published in Brief:


text:
Büyük Anadolu Hotel Group is the operator of some of the most luxurious hotels and resorts located in prime destinations around Turkey and Cyprus. In the nearly 15 years since our founding, we have defined the hospitality industry and established a portfolio of 5 hotels. More than 1.000 team members proudly serve in our properties and corporate offices in Ankara, Didim, Ereğli and Girne. Our mission is to completely delight and satisfy our guests. We are committed to making a difference every day; continually getting better to keep us the best. www.buyukanadoluhotel.com
Faaliyet gösterdiği sektörler:
Eğlence Tesisleri
Haftaiçi Çalışma Şekli:
09.00 - 18.00


text:
Pronounced yoo-niks, a popular multi-user, multitasking operating system developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. Created by just a handful of programmers, UNIX was designed to be a small, flexible system used exclusively by programmers.
UNIX was one of the first operating systems to be written in a high-level programming language, namely C. This meant that it could be installed on virtually any computer for which a C compiler existed. This natural portability combined with its low price made it a popular choice among universities. (It was inexpensive because antitrust regulations prohibited Bell Labs from marketing it as a full-scale product.)
Bell Labs distributed the operating system in its source language form, so anyone who obtained a copy could modify and customize it for his own purposes. By the end of the 1970s, dozens of different versions of UNIX were running at various sites.
After its breakup in 1982, AT&T began to market UNIX in earnest. It also began the long and difficult process of defining a standard version of UNIX.
Due to its portability, flexibility, and power, UNIX has become a leading operating system for workstations. Historically, it has been less popular in the personal computer market.
Today, the trademarked "Unix" and the "Single UNIX Specification" interface are owned by The Open Group. An operating system that is certified by The Open Group to use the UNIX trademark conforms to the Single UNIX Specification.
According to The Open Group's Web site, "As the owner of the UNIX trademark, The Open Group has separated the UNIX trademark from any actual code stream itself, thus allowing multiple implementations. Since the introduction of the Single UNIX Specification, there has been a single, open, consensus specification that defines the requirements for a conformant UNIX system. There is also a mark, or brand, that is used to identify those products that have been certified as conforming to the Single UNIX Specification, initially UNIX 93, followed subsequently by UNIX 95, UNIX 98 and now UNIX 03. Both the specification and the UNIX trade mark are managed and held in trust for the industry by The Open Group."
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text:
Different developers have different opinions. It is important your developers work as a team and decide together how verbose their code should be.
What is your opinion on this? Contribute to the discussion on Stack Overflow.
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text:
Originally posted by The Matrix Traveller
reply to post by fotsyfots
A very good point!
Colour blindness, What you refer to, is an "Interface" anomaly but Colour Codes still exist in the base Processing System that manifests All, and don't suffer from the same Phenomena.
Colour exists irrespective, but remember Both the Eyes and the Brain are a Decoder/Encoder Interface, between (Awareness, Consciousness, True Mind) LIFE! and the Experience ie The Universe and the species.
What im asking is have you got any ideas/theories on how to reverse this "Interface anomaly" as you described it?????
Originally posted by Matyas
Did you know that if you take a slice of spacetime shaped like a prisim and shine a narrow beam of light through it the blue comes out on top, eminating from the smaller end?
Second line.


text:
- Forum: Classic Menswear
- Thread: SuitSupply Sizing Help
Hey Gents, I've been looking into getting a couple of the Lazio fit suits but am in need of help with their sizing. For reference, I'm 5'7 145lbs. with a slim build and own some Club Monaco Grant and Brooks Brothers Milano suits (which fit me nicely), all 36S. Can anyone comment on the comparison between fits for the SS suits? Would you recommend a different fit?


text:
Outplayiing the Game -- Solution?
I made a long post in one of the threads on the Academy forum this morning, and later realised that it probably should be in Feedback. So I represent my thoughts here (whilst the server is down) for consideration.
Basically, the thread I was posting in was saying 'Combat is too easy, and this is because if you do anything other than the core missions (i.e. Admiral Quinn) you outplay the game as it was designed'. In other words, you end up fighting against ships, and ground troops that are below your level.
This was something I happened to agree with. However, I feel, some of the solutions that have been put forward over the past couple of weeks (such as a difficulty slider) always seem to have a point on which they fail. For brevities sake I shan't go into them here.
At the end of my post I threw out an idea, and asked for constructive criticism. So here goes.
We start the game in Light Cruisers. I think we are missing two whole classes of ships - the frigates and destroyers. These are obviously more fragile vessels than the light cruisers we start in. They might also have fewer weapons, consoles, etc...
I propose that when you create you character you be given the option to start play in one of these ship classes instead of the Light Cruiser. This would make the initial part of the game that much harder for those who find the space combat too easy. Being optional, those who casually play the game, can start with the Light Cruiser as per usual and everyone is catered for.
The reward that my idea provides is the opportunity to play ship classes the average joe will never play, and the kudos associated with playing the game on 'hard'. Perhaps a special title could be associated with this.
Clearly this is just the seed of an idea. I like it, and feel that others could constructively criticise it and improve it.
|All times are GMT -7. The time now is 05:55 AM.


text:
Current account shows $2.5-B surplus in Q2
popular .
INCOME earned by the country from abroad, net of investments, grew slightly in the second quarter of the year amid the steady inflow of remittances and revenues of business process outsourcing (BPO) firms, documents released by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas showed.
The country posted a $2.5-billion surplus in its current account in April to June, which counted earnings from exported goods and services as well as other foreign exchange inflows net of loans and investments.
This was higher than the $2.3-billion surplus in the current account in the same three-month period last year.
The current account is one of the two main components of the country's balance-of-payments (BOP) position, which is the summary of all the money that entered the country and the funds that went out.
"The continued surplus in the current account was buoyed by the combined effect of higher net receipts in the secondary income and services accounts as well as the reduced deficit in trade-in-goods," the BSP said in a statement.
The main component in the secondary income account were remittances from non-resident overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), which made up 98 percent of the total. Non-resident OFWs refer to migrants with long-term contracts.
These remittances, the BSP said, more than offset the reversal of the primary income balance from net receipts to net payments. The primary income account referred to export revenues, money earned from investments of foreigners—not to be confused with actual investments that came in and out—and remittances from resident OFWs or those with shorter contracts.
Despite the increase in remittances from resident OFWs, the primary account still slumped to a net payments of $465 million on the back of 75.2-percent and 137.1-percent increases in dividends from foreign direct and portfolio investments, respectively.
Net service receipts, the third component of the current account, amounted to $226 million in the second quarter, higher than the $156 million in net receipts in the same quarter last year.
This came on the back of higher net receipts from the BPO sector, BSP Deputy Governor Diwa C. Guinigundo said.
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text:
Claims of two Palestinian teens being shot by the IDF follows decades of anti-Israel hoaxes.
Deconstructing Another Palestinian Blood Libel
A Scandal Bigger Than Benghazi?
Social Moralizers Turn Backs on Baby Antonio
Escalation: Iranian Drones Over Israel
'Adulteress' Slaughtered in Afghanistan
U.S. curtails use of airstrikes in assault on Marja – washingtonpost.com
MARJA, AFGHANISTAN — To the Marines of Bravo Company, the black-and-white video footage from a surveillance drone seemed to present the perfect shot: more than a dozen armed insurgents exiting a building and heading to positions to attack U.S. and Afghan forces seeking to wrest control of this Taliban stronghold in southern Afghanistan. Facing stiff […]
Peggy Noonan: The Obama Contradiction – WSJ.com
When you watch a president give a State of the Union Address on television, you're always watching three people: the president at the podium, and the vice president and House speaker on the rise behind him. As a TV shot it's awkward. The vice president and the speaker have been instructed by media professionals not […]
Jon Keller: The Backlash Is Coming! The Backlash Is Coming! – WSJ.com
With characteristic hubris, people in this state like to think they've been at the leading edge of American politics since the "shot heard 'round the world" in 1775. And in the past few years, we've given the nation a preview of Barack Obama's presidential campaign with Deval Patrick's successful 2006 bid for governor; provided a […]
Ramesh Ponnuru: Why the GOP Shouldn't Get Too Confident – Time.com
Republicans can hardly believe their good fortune. First, Democratic Senator Byron Dorgan of North Dakota announced that he would not run for re-election, giving Republicans a good shot at taking his seat. Then the Democratic governor of Colorado, Bill Ritter, said he was bowing out. Ditto the Democrats' top candidate for governor in Michigan. And […]


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Chicago Blackhawks v Minnesota Wild - Game Three
Similar imagesView all
- 2013,
- Celebration,
- Chicago Blackhawks,
- Duncan Keith,
- Game Three,
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- Ice Hockey,
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- Playoffs,
- Quarterfinal Round,
- Scoring,
- Scoring a Goal,
- Sport,
- Sports Team,
- St. Paul - Minnesota,
- Stanley Cup Playoffs,
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Duncan Keith celebrates with his Chicago Blackhawks teammates Patrick... News Photo2013,Celebration,Chicago Blackhawks,Duncan Keith,Game Three,Horizontal,Ice Hockey,Minnesota,Minnesota Wild,National Hockey League,Patrick Kane,Patrick Sharp,Playoffs,Quarterfinal Round,Scoring,Scoring a Goal,Sport,Sports Team,St. Paul - Minnesota,Stanley Cup Playoffs,USA,Xcel Energy CenterPhotographer Bruce KluckhohnCollection: National Hockey League 2013 NHLIST. PAUL, MN - MAY 5: (L-R) Duncan Keith #2 celebrates with his Chicago Blackhawks teammates Patrick Kane and Patrick Sharp after scoring a goal against the Minnesota Wild in Game Three of the Western Conference Quarterfinals during the 2013 NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs on May 5, 2013 at the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota. (Photo by Bruce Kluckhohn/NHLI via Getty Images)