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MarketResearch.com is the world's largest and fastest growing provider of market research. As the single source for continuously updated market intelligence, MarketResearch.com offers more than 400,000 market research reports from over 720 leading global publishers. Our casual yet driven work environment makes us the ideal place for innovation, collaboration, and growth—the hallmarks of our rapid success.
MarketResearch.com is an employee-friendly and focused company with locations in Rockville, MD (headquarters), New York City, NY, N. Adams, MA, Stamford, CT, and London, England. MarketResearch.com is proud to be an equal opportunity employer.
We offer a competitive salary in addition to a comprehensive benefits package including medical, dental, vision, 401K, long-term disability, short-term disability, vacation, personal leave, summer hours, etc.
Please send your cover letter, resume, and salary requirements to: firstname.lastname@example.com. No phone calls please.
Current Job Opportunities:Enterprise Sales
Account Manager MarketResearch.com – New York, NY
MarketResearch.com is seeking a Sales Account Manager to join our team in our New York City office. A MarketResearch.com Account Manager uses consultative selling skills to help customers understand how to use the intelligence from our solutions.
Market research provides the foundations for businesses looking for data relating to new product trends or competitive analysis in new or existing markets. By using this information our clients can gain and/or maintain a competitive edge. The approach and structure offered to MarketResearch.com clients ensures that they are not limited in their research choices.
• Maintain and grow key accounts within the assigned territory through demonstrated knowledge and understanding of MarketResearch.com products and services
• Qualify new prospects and match client needs to appropriate MarketResearch.com products and services.
• Negotiate prices and terms of agreements
• Utilize CRM effectively to record activities and to plan sales tactics.
• Recommends changes in products, services and policy by evaluating marketplace
• Active participation in all sales meeting, training sessions and new product introductions.
• Contributes to team effort by supporting company philosophy and values
This role will represent all MarketResearch.com solutions. Intelligence from our solutions provides the foundations for businesses looking for data relating to new product trends or competitive analysis in new or existing markets. By using this information our clients can gain and/or maintain a competitive edge. The approach and structure offered to our client's means they are not limited in their research choices.
Desired Skills and Experience:
• Experience and Education Requirements:
• Undergraduate degree
• 3-5 years direct B2B selling or customer service experience
• Excellent verbal and written communications skills.
• Excellent interpersonal skills and strong solution-orientation.
• Working knowledge of Microsoft suite, web searching, and CRM required; information systems desired.
• Business acumen and strong work ethic.
• Ability to work in team environment.
• Ability to manage multiple priorities.
We offer a professional work environment with excellent potential for career development. Comprehensive benefits package includes medical, dental, 401(k) Plan, and more. Competitive salaries will be commensurate with experience, in addition to a monthly commission plan.
MarketResearch.com is a growing company with a high standard of excellence. We work in a casual and fun working environment and welcome people with an entrepreneurial spirit.
Strategic Account Manager
ROCKVILLE MD The Primary Job Responsibilities are as follows:
- Meet and exceed monthly and quarterly revenue targets.
- Act as a liaison between MarketResearch.com and customers to develop a team selling approach with Publishers and other cross-functional representatives
- Sell to current decision-makers and establish new relationships at the C-level
- Develop and implement sales/marketing tactics and programs in order to meet or exceed assigned territory objectives and drive increased retention and penetration
- Act as a team leader to resources needed to fulfill customer requests and solve issues
- Orchestrate the deployment of corporate-wide resources to provide comprehensive products, services, and solutions to assigned accounts.
- Translate complex knowledge of the industry, the customer, and MarketResearch.com solutions into a persuasive and compelling proposal or plan.
Experience and Education:
- Minimum eight years direct selling experience with strategic accounts (accounts generating >$100,000/year; centralized buying center; multiple locations)
- 4 year college degree
- Demonstrated experience selling to Financial Services firms preferred
- Successful consultative selling experience
- Track record of achieving sales and profit goals
- Strong analytical skills (ability to identify trends, opportunities, and provide business insight)
- Strong organizational skills
- Working knowledge of Microsoft Suite, SalesForce.com, and information solutions
Travel may be required, up to 20% to other major U.S. cities
Strategic Account Manager MarketResearch.com – London
The Strategic Account Manager maintains and expands relationships with strategically important large customers. Assigned to named customers, the Strategic Account Manager is responsible for achieving sales quota and assigned strategic account objectives.
The Strategic Account Manager represents the entire range of company products and services to assigned customers, while leading the customer account planning cycle and ensuring assigned customers needs and expectations are met by the company.
• Establishes productive, professional relationships with key personnel in assigned customer accounts.
• Coordinates the involvement of company personnel, including support, service, and management resources, in order to meet account performance objectives and customers expectations.
• Meets assigned targets for sales volume and strategic objectives in assigned accounts!
• Proactively leads a joint company-strategic account planning process that develops mutual performance objectives, financial targets, and critical milestones for a one and three-year period.
• Proactively assesses, clarifies, and validates customer needs on an ongoing basis.
• Leads solution development efforts that best address customer needs, while coordinating the involvement of all necessary company personnel.
• Achieves assigned sales quota in designated strategic accounts.
• Meets assigned expectations for designated strategic accounts.
• Completes strategic customer account plans that meet company standards.
• Maintains high customer satisfaction ratings that meet company standards.
• Completes required training and development objectives within the assigned time frame.
• Reports to the Sales Manager, International Sales
• Enlists the support of sales specialists, implementation resources, service resources, and other sales and management resources as needed.
• Closely coordinates company executive involvement with customer management.
• Works closely with Customer Service Representatives to ensure customer satisfaction and problem resolution.
• Minimum 5 years of strategic sales experience in a business-to-business sales environment.
• PC proficiency in sales related applications (eg Microsoft Office, SalesForce, etc) ENVIRONMENTAL JOB REQUIREMENTS AND WORKING CONDITIONS
• This position requires travel.
• All prospective employees must pass a background check.
Senior Web Developer MarketResearch.com – Rockville, MD
MarketResearch.com is looking for a Web Application Developer to work in our corporate office in Rockville, MD. The ideal candidate will be a highly talented and competent professional able to work both independently and collaboratively. This role is to build and maintain the organization's portfolio of web sites and services. This includes designing, building, and implementing new web pages and sites; integrating sites with back end applications; migrating legacy applications; and performing day-to-day administration of the organization's web portfolio. Use of a variety of web development languages is required.
• Analyze, design, develop, implement, and support company's portfolio of market intelligence platforms and services.
• Analyze requirements and develop functional and technical specifications.
• Develop, code, install, test, debug, maintain, and document web applications.
• Work with database developer to design, develop, and update databases as they relate to web applications.
• Conduct research into current and emerging web technologies and issues in support of web development efforts.
• Diagnose and troubleshoot problems with existing web applications and sites.
• Ensure security of all web sites and related applications.
• Participate in setting organizational web development strategy.
• Track and update bugs, enhancements, and source changes in source control and bug tracking software.
• Other duties as necessary.
Position Requirements
• 3+ years of strong experience coding multi-layered .NET web applications in a Windows environment.
• 2+ years of experience developing for SQL Server, including writing custom queries, views, triggers, and stored procedures.
• Knowledge of web technologies, protocols, and tools including HTTP, REST, AJAX, .NET Framework, TDD, MVC.
• Strong understanding of programming languages and tools, including C#, ASP.NET, JavaScript, XML, XPath, HTML, CSS, T-SQL, Regular Expressions, MS Visual Studio 2012, VSS, TFS, Visio.
• Thorough understanding of application development and object oriented methodologies.
• Good understanding of the organization's goals and objectives.
• Excellent analytical, conceptual, and problem-solving abilities; keen attention to detail.
• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills to interact with project leads, developers, and other team members.
• Excellent documentation and organizational skills.
• Ability to present ideas in business-friendly and user-friendly language.
• Highly self motivated and directed.
• Ability to effectively prioritize and execute tasks in a high-pressure environment.
• Experience working in a team-oriented, collaborative environment.
• Bachelor's degree in Computer Science or related field and/or equivalent work experience.
We offer a professional work environment with excellent potential for career development. Comprehensive benefits package includes medical, dental, 401(k) Plan, and more. Competitive salaries will be commensurate with experience. MarketResearch.com is a growing company with a high standard of excellence. We work in a casual and fun working environment and welcome people with an entrepreneurial spirit.
MarketResearch.com is an employee-friendly and focused company with headquarters in Rockville, MD and locations in New York City, NY, and London, UK. MarketResearch.com is proud to be an equal opportunity employer.


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Our craft is digital marketing and technology. Yes, we specialize in—and adore—all things related to web development and online communications, and this adoration reflects back on you, bathing you in a light that says, "We know things our competitors don't."View more
What makes Thrillworks different? Thrillworks delivers a perfect blend of innovative thinking, strategy, beautiful design aesthetics, and painless technical execution for web and mobile solutions.
Each project is approached with a considered strategic methodology. Our Strategy & Quality team listen to your needs, examine analytics; architect a user centric solution that is informed by your business needs. The integration of Quality Assurance into the strategy team allows us to guarantee that your goals and objectives are carried out through to launch.
Our award winning design work is not only exceedingly beautiful, it can be designed to an array of screen sizes, which means it accounts for the technical consideration necessary to be executed without a hitch.
Enterprise-level? Open source? We can implement using them all. Thrillworks provides skilled recommendations, and can leverage any of these platforms to facilitate your most demanding needs.
We are strong believers in delivering your users an optimal experience, no matter what device they are on. Gone are the days that we present mobile visitors with pared back content, making assumptions as to what your guests are looking for. All for one and one for all! That's what we say.
Everyone here is excited and it's great to be partnering with the Thrillworks team. There's a heck of a lot of talented people involved in this project, all of whom have common sense and the right attitude!Brian Will, Manager, Marketing & Business Development Systems
Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP
How are you doing with your New Years resolution? If yours was to eat healthier, Thrillworks and Tim Hortons can help! The new Nutrition and Wellness section of TimHortons.com has everything you've ever wanted to know about Tim Hortons products. You can now add your favourite menu items to your Tims Meal to get a …Read more

subset: commoncrawl


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WELCOME PACKET NOTE: Please maintain an NTN file with this information. NATIONAL TENANT NETWORK - CHICAGO 450 EAST 22ND STREET SUITE 223 CHICAGO, IL 60148 630.889.6030 Fax: 630.729.3100 E-mail: email@example.com R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. NATIONAL TENANT NETWORK - CHICAGO Dear Subscriber: Welcome to the National Tenant Network (NTN) system of tenant performance reporting. You now have at your disposal the NTN nationally networked data servers for instant retrieval of: NTN National Eviction/Tenant Performance Reports; NTN National Credit/Retail Reports; State-wide/County Criminal Reports; And other exclusive NTN services to subscribers… Before retrieving any report you must have a signed release from the applicant. When contacting our NTN office to screen your residents, please furnish NTN with the following: Your Access Number; (Needed for all Correspondence) Applicant Name; Social Security Number , Drivers License Number, and DOB. The applicant's last two addresses (where bills have been received), including zip code. If your application form is faxed, please review for "accuracy and legibility". Combined Reports consist of: Retail Credit Report Eviction/Tenant Performance Full Service Reports consist of: Retail Credit Report Eviction/Tenant Performance Report Landlord Verification Employment Verification Also available: Criminal Reports for Illinois Business Retail Credit Reports SSN Trace Individual Canadian Retail NTN welcomes you to our growing list of property managers and owners locally and across the nation who take advantage of the NTN services daily. You will be invoiced or your credit card charged at the end of each month for the services you have requested. If you have any questions regarding your invoice or payment, please call our office. R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. NATIONAL TENANT NETWORK FOR YOUR INFORMATION Retail Credit Reports and the Fair Credit Reporting Act In an effort to increase awareness regarding Retail Credit Reports and the Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act which governs them, National Tenant Network has developed this guide to help you better understand your responsibilities pertaining to these repo rts. We hope the following helps to answer any questions that you may have. You may only access an applicant's retail credit report when you have: A legitimate business need (i.e. lease agreement, etc.). Signed authorization from the applicant. Information that you obtain regarding an applicant's retail credit report may be disclosed to the applicant. NTN has generated this report solely for your information. IF THE APPLICANT IS REJECTED, because of information in the report, the subscriber MAY disclose the content of the report. This does NOT include giving the rejected applicant a copy of the report. It is an applicant's legal right to see his/her retail credit report. However, the applicant must obtain the report directly from the company that generates the report. i.e:. Equifax, Experian or TransUnion. Please note the same rule should apply if you reject an applicant's application based upon information from an NTN Performance Report. We hope that this information is helpful to you. If you have any questions about retail credit reports, or any other questions, please don't hesitate to call: IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS EQUIFAX: (800)685-1111 TRANSUNION: (800)916-8800 EXPERIAN: (888)397-3742 National Tenant Network - Chicago Telephone: 630.889.6030 or Fax: 630.729.3100 R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. Obligations of Users of Retail Credit or Tenant Performance Reports under the Fair Credit Reporting Act The Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) requires that this notice be provided to inform users of consumer repor ts of their legal obligations. State law may impose additional requirements. The first section of this summary sets forth the responsibilitie s imposed by the FCRA on all users of consumer reports. The subsequent sections discuss the duties of users of reports that contain specific types of information, or that are used for certain purposes and the legal consequences of violations. This information is limited to discussion of requirements upon those using reports for screening of applicants for tenancy. We also discuss responsibilities of those using reports for employment screening. The entire FCRA is available from the FTC web site at (http:www.ftc.gov). Obligations of all users of consumers reports- users must have permissible purpose. To protect consumer privacy, all users must have a permissible purpose to obtain a report. These are: a) As ordered by court or subpoena b) As instructed by the consumer in writing c) For extension of credit applied for by the consumer or the review or collection of a consumers account. d) For employment purposes, including hiring and promotion, where the consumer has given consent. e) When there is a legitimate business need, connected to a transaction, initiated by the consumer. f) To review a consumer account to determine whether they continue to meet the terms of the account. Users must notify consumers when adverse actions are taken. ―Adverse actions‖ include all business, tenancy, credit and employment decisions affecting consumers in a negative way. Refusing tenancy or employment are considered adverse actions. Adverse action based on information obtained from Experian, Equifax, TransUnion, Tenant Screening Agencies or their affiliates (CRAs). If adverse action is taken based, at least in part, on information in a report from a tenant-screening agency, Experian, Equifax, TransUnion or their affiliates (CRAs), the landlord/manager is required to notify the consumer. The notification must includ e: The name, addresses and phone number of the CRA that provided the report. A statement that the CRA did not make the adverse decision and is not able to explain why the decision was made. A statement of the consumer's right to obtain free disclosure of items in the consumer's file from the CRA within 60 days of the adverse decision. A statement that the consumer has a right to dispute directly with the CRA the accuracy and completeness of any information. Adverse action based on information obtained from Third parties who are not CRAs If adverse action is taken at least in part, on information in a report from someone other than a CRA (i.e another landlord) you are required to clearly and accurately disclose to the consumer their right to obtain disclosure of the nature of the information that was the basis of the adverse action by making a written request within 60 days of notification of the adverse action. Disclosure must be made within a reasonable period of time following the request. R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. Obligations of users when consumer reports are obtained for Employment Purposes. If information from a CRA is used for employment purposes, the user must: Make a clear and conspicuous written disclosure to the consumer before the report is obtained, in a document that consists solely of the disclosure, that a consumer report may be obtained. Obtain prior written authorization from the consumer. You should be prepared to certify that the above steps have been followed, that the information obtained will not be used in violation of any federal or state equal opportunity law or regulation and that, if any adverse action is to be taken based on the consumer report, a copy of the report and a summary of the consumer's rights will be provided to the consumer. Before taking any adverse action, provided a copy of the report and a summary of rights to the consumer. Liability for violation of FCRA Failure to comply with the FCRA can result in state or federal enforcement actions as well as private lawsuits. In addition, any person who knowingly or willfully obtains a consumer report under false pretenses may face criminal prosecution. Summary of Responsibilities Notify the applicant of the rejection. Provide the name, address and phone number of the credit reporting agency upon whose report you based your decision. State that the agency did not make the decision to reject and cannot provide the specific reason for your decision to turn the applicant down. Notify the applicant of their right to obtain a free copy of the credit report that you used to turn them down. They must request their free copy within 60 days of your decision from the appropriate agency (Experian, Equifax, TransUnion or your screening agency). IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS EQUIFAX: (800)685-1111 TRANSUNION: (800)916-8800 EXPERIAN: (888)397-3742 National Tenant Network - Chicago Telephone: 630.889.6030 or Fax: 630.729.3100 R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. SUMMARY OF RIGHTS UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is designed to promote accuracy, fairness and privacy of information in the files of every consumer reporting agency (CRA). Most CRA's are credit bureaus that gather and sell information about you—such as if you pay your bills on time or have filed bankruptcy—to creditors, employers, landlords and other businesses. You can find the complete text of the FCRA at the Federal Trade Commissions web site (http://www.ftc.gov). The FCRA gives you specific rights as outlined below. You may have additional rights under state late. You may contract a state or local consumer protection agency or state attorney general to learn those rights. You must be told if information in your file has been used against you. If you are denied credit, insurance, or employment based on information in a report obtained from a CRA, you must be told of the name, address and phone number of the CRA providing the report used. You can find out what is in your file. Upon request, CRA will give you information in your file and a list of everyone who has requested it recently. There can be a small charge for this report. If you have been denied credit, employment or insurance because of the report, it is free. You must request your report within 60 days of receiving notice of denial. In addition, you may ask for one free report of the information in your file each year, if you can certify in writing to the CRA: that you are unemployed and plan to seek employment within 60 days, that you are on welfare or that there is inaccurate information in your file due to fraud. You can dispute inaccurate information by written notice to the CRA. If you tell a CRA that your file contains inaccurate information, they will investigate the items and any information you provide, unless the CRA feels that your dispute is frivolous. The CRA will provide written results of the investigation and a revised copy of your report if anything is changed. If the investigation does not resolve the dispute, you may add a brief statement to your file, which normally will appear on future reports. You can dispute inaccurate information with the source. If you tell a creditor who reports to the CRA that you dispute an item, they may not report the information without noting the dispute. If you have notified the source of an error in writing, it may no longer be reported if the item is, in fact, an error. Correction or deletion of inaccurate outdated or unverified information. A CRA must remove outdated or unverified information or correct inaccurate information in your file usually within 30 days after you dispute it. A CRA, is not required to remove accurate information from your file. If your dispute results in a changed report, the CRA cannot reinsert a disputed item into your file unless the source of the information verifies its accuracy or completeness. You will be given written notice telling you of the reinsertion including the name, address and phone number of the source. Outdated information are items older than seven years except for bankruptcies which may be reported for up to ten years. Access to your file is limited. A CRA may only report information about you to people approved by the law- usually involving your applications for credit, insurance, employment, tenancy or other business. Your consent is required. In general, you must give your consent or initiate certain transactions before a CRA may provide others with information in your file. You may exclude your name from CRA lists, if such lists are maintained by the CRA, for unsolicited credit and insurance offers. If you receive such offers from a CRA, the CRA must provide you with a toll free number for you to use to have your name removed from such lists. If you call, you must be kept off such lists for 2years. If you return the CRA form, which you may request, you must be removed from such lists indefinitely. You may seek damages from violators. You may seek damages in state or federal court from a person who willfully or negligently fails to comply with the FCRA or who obtains your report under false pretenses. Several different federal agencies may enforce the FCRA. R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. For questions or concerns regarding: Please contact: FTC-Consumer Response Ctr-FCRA CRA's creditors and others not listed below Washington, DC 20580 202-326-3761 Comptroller of the Currency Mail stop 6-6 National Banks, Federal branches-Agencies of foreign banks Washington, DC 20209 800-613-6743 Federal Reserve Board-Consumer Affairs Federal Reserve System member banks Washington, DC 20551 202-452-3693 Office of Thrift Supervision Consumer Programs Savings Associations & Savings Banks Washington, DC 20552 800-842-6929 Nat"l Credit Union Administration 1775 Duke St Federal Credit Unions Alexandria, VA 22314 703-518-6360 FDIC-Consumer Affairs State Charter Banks Washington, DC 20409 800-934-FDIC Dept. of Trans.-Financial Mgmt. Air, Surface or Rail common carriers Washington, DC 20590 202-366-1306 Dept. of AG.-GIPSA Activities subject to the Packers & Stockyards Act 1921 Washington, DC 20250 202-720-7051 NATIONAL TENANT NETWORK - CHICAGO R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. Sample Rejection Letter ABC Apartments 123 Main St. Anytown, IL. 60000 Dear APPLICANT: We regret to inform you that your application for a residence at ___________________________ has been rejected. We are hereby informing you of certain information pursuant to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1681, et seq., as amended by the Consumer Credit Reporting Act of 1996 (Public law 104-208, the Omnibus consolidated Appropriations Act for the fiscal year 1997, Title ii, Subtitle D, Chapter I) 1. We have denied your application based on the following: ( ) Information contained in a consumer report obtained from the consumer reporting agency named in paragraph 2 of this letter. ( ) A consumer report containing insufficient information obtained from the consumer reporting agency in paragraph 2. ( ) Information received from a person or company other than a consumer reporting agency. You have a right to make a written request to us within 60 days of receiving this letter for disclosure of the nature of this information. 2. When a consumer report is used in making the decision, Section 615(a) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act requires us to tell you where we obtained that report. The consumer-reporting agency that provided the report was: ( ) Trans Union Consumer Relations, P.O. Box 390, Springfield, PA 19064 Phone: 1-800-916-8800. ( ) National Tenant Network, PO Box 1529, Sherwood, OR 97140. 3. Pursuant to section 615 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, we are notifying you that the above-noted agency only provided information about our credit history. It took no part in making the decision to reject your rental application, nor can it explain why the decision to reject your rental application, nor can it explain why the decision was made. 4. You have certain rights under federal law, as explained in more detail in paragraphs 5-7 below. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, you have a right to obtain a copy of your consumer report, dispute its accuracy, and provide a consumer statement describing your position if you dispute the consumer report. If you believe your report is inaccurate or incomplete, you may call the consumer reporting agency at its toll-free number listed above, or write to it at the listed address. 5. Pursuant to section 612 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, you have the right to obtain a free copy of our consumer report from the consumer reporting agency whose name is checked in paragraph 2 above. You must request the copy within 60 days of the date you receive this letter. 6. Pursuant to Section 611 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, if you dispute any of the information in your report, you have the right to put into your report, a consumer statement of up to 100 words explaining your position on the item under dispute. Trained personnel are available to help prepare consumer statements. 7. You may have additional rights under the credit reporting or consumer protection laws of your state. For further information, contact your state or local consumer protection agency or your state attorney general"s office. Sincerely, John Doe ABC Apartments R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. MOVE-IN & MOVE-OUT REPORTING FORM INSTRUCTIONS National Tenant Network, Inc. (NTN) has been providing tenant performance data to property owners and managers since 1980. Begun by property management professionals and attorneys with years of experience in owning and managing real estate, NTN was the first company of its kind and continues to set the standard for providing information to assist in the selection process. NTN has been chosen by hundreds of local and national property management firms and also by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) as the most comprehensive tenant performance reporting service in the U. S. In 1986, NTN was the first company in the tenant selection business to expand its geographical coverage across the U. S. Today it has millions of tenant performance records and covers 20 states (and growing) with the same detailed, timely and high quality reports from any one of its offices. There simply is no other company that can make the same claim. We gather 100% of all available evictions. We also solicit from resident managers, apartment owners and property manager information regarding their present/former residents. FORM 1 CREATES THE TENANT FILE FORM 1 IS THE "MOVE-IN" FORM. This form may be given to the applicant to fill out at the same time the formal application is filled out. Please make sure all information is legible. If you rent to the applicant please send NTN this form. IF YOU DO NOT RENT TO THE APPLICANT DO NOT SEND THE FORM. This form will establish the resident on your property and aid in "skip outs" and false information on landlords being given at a future date. FORM 2 COMPLETES THE TENANT FILE FORM 2 is the move-out form. It is completed AFTER the resident has vacated the residence. Fill out the Form 2 completely. If the tenant was a "good" resident and did not breach the rental agreement, mark the line that says NO after "Tenant violation of tenancy agreement?" If the resident was NOT a good tenant, m ark YES after "violation of agreement," and mark the appropriate boxes below. Sign the Form 2 and put your access # in the space provided. Remote software/online service allows the subscriber to pull national credit reports and search for evictions/tenant performance records. Information on these services may be obtained by calling our office. Call our office NTN Chicago 630.889.6030 with questions or concerns. Office hours: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday Closed Saturday and Sunday Internet services available 24 hours/7 days a week. Please supply your ―Access Number‖ when calling or faxing the NTN office. Please have the ―Access Number‖ on all payments mailed to NTN to insure proper recording. R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY Applicant:_______________________________________ SSN#: _________/______/_________ Driver's Lic/State:___________________________/_______ DOB: _________/______/_________ Spouse: _________________________________________ SSN#: _________/______/_________ Driver's Lic/State:___________________________/_______ DOB: _________/______/_________ Checking Account #:___________________________ Bank: ___________________________ Present Address:_______________________________________________________________________ City:_________________________________________ State:____________ Zip:______________ Current Landlord:______________________________ Phone: ___________ How Long? _______ Previous Address:______________________________________________________________________ City:_________________________________________ State:____________ Zip:______________ Previous Landlord:______________________________ Phone: ___________ How Long? _______ Present Employer:______________________________________ Phone: _______________________ Position: ______________________________________________ Supervisor:______________________________ How Long? _________________ Gross Income: $________per week {_} per month {_} per year {_} Other Income: $________per week {_} per month {_} per year {_} Spouse's Employer:______________________________________ Phone: _______________________ Position: ________________________________________________ Supervisor:______________________________ How Long? _________________ Gross Income: $________per week {_} per month {_} per year {_} Other Income: $________per week {_} per month {_} per year {_} I (we) hereby certify that the information given to evaluate my application for tenancy is correct and complete. I authorize you to make any and all inquiries you feel necessary to evaluate my application for housing. I (we) further understand that any false or incomplete information is grounds for immediate rejection of this application. I (we) specifically authorize and request all present or previous employers, mortgage holders, landlords, rental agents, credit grantors, banks, accountants, stock brokers and local, state and Federal Government Agencies to release any requested information in the evaluation of my application for rental housing. Date:_____________________ Applicant Signature:________________________________________ Date:_____________________ Applicant Signature:________________________________________ Manager/Leasing Agent: _________________________________________________________________________________ Rental Address: ___________________________________________________ Rent Amount: ________________ NTN – CHICAGO Tel: 630-889-6030 Fax: 630-729-3100 R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. NATIONAL TENANT NETWORK-CHICAGO MOVE-IN FORM 1 TENANT NAMES: ____________________________________________ LAST LAST ____________________________________________ FIRST FIRST ___________________ DOB:____________________________________________DOB:___________________ INITIAL INITIAL Apartment Applied For: STREET ADDRESS APT.#________________ CITY/STATE/ZIP _______________________________________________________________________________ TO SPEED SERVICE , PLEASE OBTAIN : SSN SSN _____________________________ ______________________________ DRIVERS LICENSE DRIVERS LICENSE I CERTIFY THAT THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS CORRECT AND COMPLETE AND HEREBY AUTHORIZE YOU TO MAKE ANY INQUIRIES YOU FEEL NECESSARY TO EVALUATE MY APPLICATION FOR TENANCY INCLUDING CREDIT, CRIMINAL AND PUBLIC RECORD REPORTS. IF I RENT THE UNIT, I UNDERSTAND THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THIS FORM AND RENTAL AGREEMENT MAY BE MAINTAINED IN A TENANT PERFORMANCE DATA BASE FOR UP TO SEVEN (7) YEARS AFTER I VACATE THE PREMI SES. APPLICANT SIGNATURE(S) CURRENT ADDRESS Street Address Apt.# City/State/Zip __________________________________________________________________________________________________ MANAGERS SIGNATURE DATE ACCESS #: ____________________________________ _____________________________ __________________ APPLICANT ACCEPTED? YES NO IF ―YES‖, PLEASE RETURN THIS FORM TO National Tenant Network-Chicago 450 E 22nd Street #223 MOVE-IN DATE: Lombard, IL 60148 R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. NATIONAL TENANT NETWORK-CHICAGO MOVE- OUT FORM 2 TENANT NAMES: LAST LAST FIRST INITIAL FIRST INITIAL ADDRESS _________________________________________________APT#__________ CITY – STATE – ZIP: ________________________________________________________________ SSN _____________________________________ SSN DRIVERS LICENSE NUMBER: _____________________ DRIVERS LICENSE NUMBER: _______________________ MOVE-OUT DATE: DID THIS TENANT VIOLATE THE RENTAL AGREEMENT ? YES: ____ NO: _____ IF "YES" PLEASE CHECK LEASE VIOLATION BELOW: 1. [ ] MOVE OUT DATE: _________________________ 10. [ ] APT. DAMAGE. EST$ 2. [ ] TENANT WORTHY – WOULD RE-RENT 11. [ ] KEYS NOT RETURNED 3. [ ] NON-PAYMENT OF RENT: 12.[ ] TENANT GIVEN NOTICE 4. DATE OF DELINQUENCY MONTH: YEAR 13. [ ] OTHER LEASE VIOLATIONS (CALL SUBSCRIBER) 4. [ ] NON-PAYMENT OF UTILITIES 14. [ ] SUBSCRIBER TRYING TO LOCATE 5. [ ] NSF RENT CHECKS/STOPPED PAYMENT 15. [ ] REFER TO COLLECTIONS (ATTACH COPY/ APP) 6. [ ] NO MOVE OUT NOTICE 16. [ ] PAID IN FULL 7. [ ] EVICTION FILING REQUIRED 8. [ ] UNAUTHORIZED PETS GOV'T HOUSING – SEC 8 / CONVENTIONAL 9. [ ] UNAUTHORIZED APT OCCUPANTS 17. [ ] FRAUD: $ ___________________ 18. [ ] PROGRAM VIOLATIONS (CALL SUBSCRIBER) IS THIS INFORMATION DISPUTED BY TENANT? YES: ___ NO: ___ MANAGER SIGNATURE DATE ACCESS # THE ABOVE MANAGER AGREES THAT IF ANY ITEM ON THIS FORM IS DISPUTED BY THE TENANT NOW OR IN THE FUTURE, THE MANAGER WILL PROMPTLY INVESTIGATE, REVIEW ALL RELEVANT INFORMATION AND PROMPTLY REPORT FINDINGS TO NTN. IT IS ILLEGAL TO REPORT INACCURATE INFORMATION R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc. Providing Move-Out (Form 2) Information Effective October 1, 1997, the Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) has been amended. You will notice several additions to the NTN Move - Out Form 2 on the reverse side required by the amendments. You must fill out the NTN Form 2 in full. Those who furnish information to NTN on Form 2 should be familiar with Section 623 of the FCRA. You can find the FCRA on the Federal Trade Commissions Internet web site. (http://www.ftc.gov) Your State's law may impose additional responsibilities. The FCRA prohibits providing information to NTN that you know (or conscientiously avoid knowing) is inaccurate. NTN recommends that your lease agreements provide an address where a former tenant may write to dispute the information that you report on NTN's Form 2. If at any time you determine, whether from a letter sent to you by a former tenant or otherwise, that the information you provided on the form 2 in incomplete or inaccurate you must immediately notify NTN of the complete and accurate facts. If NTN notifies you that a former tenant of yours has contacted NTN to dispute Form 2 information provided by you, you must: 1. Conduct an investigation reviewing all relevant information provided by NTN or by the tenant and promptly report the results to NTN. 2. Complete the review and report to NTN as soon as possible. The law gives you 30 days to complete your investigation and report to NTN. If you are reporting delinquencies (Item 13 on NTN Form 2) you must indicate the month and year the delinquency began. PLEASE KEEP THESE ITEMS: 1) APPLICATION WITH SIGNATURE OF RELEASE FROM APPLICANT 2) REJECTION LETTER (Keep a copy of what you sent the denied applicant in the applicant"s file) 3) INFORMATION GATHERED FOR SCREENING 4) MOVE-IN AND OUT INFO (Log onto ntnonline.com and enter this information so that we can help you track your residents. This important information is for all subscribers, and will stop skips and alert others to both problem and superior residents. This is a free service so take advantage of it.) You should also keep all signed applications, accepted or denied, For three years to stay in compliance with FCRA regulations. R: May 5, 2010 NTN, Inc.
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The kernel is the central module of an operating system (OS). It is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory. Because it stays in memory, it is important for the kernel to be as small as possible while still providing all the essential services required by other parts of the operating system and applications. The the kernel code is usually loaded into a protected area of memory to prevent it from being overwritten by programs or other parts of the operating system.
Typically, the kernel is responsible for memory management, process and task management, and disk management. The kernel connects the system hardware to the application software. Every operating system has a kernel. For example the Linux kernel is used numerous operating systems including Linux, FreeBSD, Android and others.
It's not just your lawnmower and household tools that your neighbor won't return. Our top picks include everything from updating device firmware... Read More »Interesting Times: Transformation in the IT Channel
Business transformation will remain the buzzword of the moment as channel firms continue to assess the direction of their companies in the age of... Read More »What is a Virtual Private network (VPN)?
Companies and organizations will use a VPN to communicate confidentially over a public network and to send voice, video or data. Read More »
From wacky alarm clocks to lecture hall tools and after class entertainment, these Android apps are a good fit for a student's life and budget. Read More »Network Fundamentals Study Guide
A network is a group of two or more computer systems or devices, linked together to share resources, exchange files and electronic communications.... Read More »Computer Architecture Study Guide
This Webopedia study guide describes the different parts of a computer system and their relations. Read More »
Stay up to date on the latest developments in Internet terminology with a free weekly newsletter from Webopedia. Join to subscribe now.
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Release DateJanuary 25, 2013
MPAA RatingR
Duration97 min.
StudioRelativity Media
Official Siteclick here
REVIEWS RATE: Critics Readers [Rate It]
Cast and Crew
DirectorSteven Brill, Peter Farrelly, Will Graham, Steve Carr, Griffin Dunne, James Duffy, Elizabeth Banks
ProducerCharles B. Wessler, John Penotti, Peter Farrelly, Ryan Kavanaugh
ScreenwriterWill Carlough, Tobias Carlson, Jacob Fleisher, Patrik Forsberg, Will Graham, James Gunn
- Halle Berry as Emily (segment "Truth or Dare")
- Gerard Butler as Leprechaun 1 & 2 (segment "Happy Birthday")
- Anna Faris as Vanessa (segment "The Proposition")
- Hugh Jackman as Davis (segment "The Catch")
- Emma Stone as Ellen Malloy
- Kate Winslet as Beth (segment "The Catch")
- Chloe Moretz as Amanda (segment "Middleschool Date")
- Liev Schreiber as Robert (segment "Homeschooled")
- Naomi Watts as Samantha (segment "Homeschooled")
- Kristen Bell as Fake Supergirl (segment "Super Hero Speed Dating")
- Kieran Culkin as Neil (segment "Veronica")
- Elizabeth Banks as Amy (segment "Beezel")
- Uma Thurman as Fake Lois Lane (segment "Super Hero Speed Dating")
- Richard Gere as Boss
- Kate Bosworth as Arlene (segment "iBabe")
- Chris Pratt as Jason (segment "The Proposition")
- Jason Sudeikis as Fake Batman (segment "Super Hero Speed Dating")
Take a hilarious director, add a brilliant cast, mix in some twisted jokes, remove all boundaries, and then stand back... way back. In "Movie 43," comedy is served steaming hot (literally) by director Peter Farrelly of The Farrelly Brothers ("Something About Mary," "Dumb & Dumber") in one of the most shocking, original, and dangerous comedies ever made. Starring Johnny Knoxville, Gerard Butler, Anna Faris, Seann William Scott, Hugh Jackman, Richard Gere, Uma Thurman, Halle Berry, Emma Stone, Naomi Watts, Kate Bosworth, Kate Winslet, Terrence Howard, Liev Schreiber, Elizabeth Banks, Justin Long, Kristen Bell, Patrick Warburton, Josh Duhamel, Jason Sudeikis, Chloe Grace Moretz, Stephen Merchant, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Jack McBrayer, Kieran Culkin, and Chris Pratt, "Movie 43" is jaw-dropping, uproarious, outrageous fun. Warning: not for the weak-stomached, faint of heart, or easily offended.


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Announcing the 3rd Annual Youth Traditional Song Weekend!
Youth Trad Song Weekend 2015
January 9-11
at the
Becket-Chimney Corners YMCA Camp
in Becket, Massachusetts
Registration for YTS 2015 is closed.
Our 2015 staff will be:
We're excited for all they have to offer the weekend! Read more about them on our staff page and their workshops on the workshops page.
Youth Traditional Song Weekend is a youth-focused (though not youth-exclusive) weekend for singers and session leaders interested in traditional songs. For the past two years, we have gathered for a wonderful weekend of singing, learning, teaching, sharing, growing, and all-around good times!
Keep an eye on our website and sign up for our mailing list for more information and updates.
Hope to sing with you there, if not sooner!
For more information, read through the materials here on the website. Questions? Concerns? Excitement? Email us! Our email address is firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Loading stream...
Now Playing
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
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Connect with Us
Behind the Mics
Host of Wind & Rhythm
Public Radio 89.5-1 Reporter & All Things Considered anchor
Classical 88.7-1 host
Host of Swing on This
Classical 88.7-1 host
Local & Regional
9:00 am
Sat December 4, 2010
The Winner is....... Union
By Associated Press
Stillwater, OK – STILLWATER, Okla. (AP) It was a wild Oklahoma Class 6A football championship game, with almost 100 points scored last night between Union and Jenks. Union pulled it out 50-47 after wide receiver Stephon Weaver threw a 28-year touchdown to Christian Hoods with 39 seconds left. Jenks had beaten union earlier in the year, so both teams finished 13-1.


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December 18, 2014
Get Andrei Mikhalenko's beautiful 3D models in MAX and OBJ formats, licensed for commercial use. Read More »
October 6, 2014
Get Viz-People's high-detail models: some OBJ, all 3ds Max/V-Ray, and all licensed for commercial use. Read More »
March 27, 2013
Watch demos of the new camera sequencer, ICE and Syflex options - and lots of videos about CrowdFX. Read More »
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Athlete Profile
Athlete: Not found
Athlete Coverage
Veterans Lucas Parker, Jeremy Meredith and Angie Pye, and newcomer Heather Gillespie will be making a trip to the Home Depot Center in July. The Canada West...
Article, Posted Sun, 04.29.12
Find out who's competing at the 2012 Canada West Regional. Regionals kick off in just one week! The Canada West, South East, and South Central regions are the first to take on the...
Article, Posted Fri, 04.20.12


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311 Judah St ( )
Roseville, CA 95678-2609
Neighborhoods: Cherry Glen
311 Judah St ( )
Roseville, CA 95678-2609
Neighborhoods: Cherry Glen
August 16, 2011
I always come here when I get bored of just staying in at home. Great music and love the atmosphere.. Great way to get a little stress out of your life form a hard work week.. drinks are flowing and people here are awesome. Good spot to go…
August 17, 2010
Has been a great eatery for 25 years. Have been going there three to four times a year. Food is great and atmosphere is so laid back. Just love it. Hamburgers, steak sandwich and fries are off the chart. Dan started this place long ago…
June 17, 2010
I eat at this place all the time. Never had bad food there, seem to be good people and I support any local business that gives good service and food.
Menuism intends to provide the most accurate information possible. The Bunz & CO menu items have been provided by Menuism users or third party data sources. If you see discrepancies or you represent Bunz & CO and wish to report changes, please contact us.


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Sir William Gell
1 portrait
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Sir William Gell
by Cornelius Varley
pencil, 1816
19 3/4 in. x 13 5/8 in. (502 mm x 346 mm)
Purchased, 1976
Primary Collection
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Sir William Gell (1777-1836), Archaeologist. Sitter in 3 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Cornelius Varley (1781-1873). Artist of 1 portrait.
This portraitback to top
Cornelius Varley is best known for his landscape watercolours. For his portraits he used his 'Patent Graphic Telescope' (patented by him in 1811), a form of camera lucida, consisting of a simple arrangement of lenses which project an image on to a flat surface so that it can be easily traced. Typically he used pencil for these drawings of which this is an exceptionally powerful example.
Linked publicationsback to top
- Rogers, Malcolm, Master Drawings from the National Portrait Gallery, 1993 (accompanying the exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery from 5 August to 23 October 1994), p. 95
- Saywell, David; Simon, Jacob, Complete Illustrated Catalogue, 2004, p. 240
- Walker, Richard, Regency Portraits, 1985, p. 199


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Faculty Biography | Shawn Datchuk
Shawn Datchuk, Ph.D.Assistant Professor
Contact Information:
Waterman 539-B
Shawn completed his doctorate in special education from Pennsylvania State University in 2011. His research interests include learning outcomes of sentence level writing skills for students with disabilities, systematic and explicit instruction, and assessment to aid decision making. Previously, he has served as a special education teacher and director of special education.
Areas of Expertise:
Assessment and Evaluation; Curriculum and Instruction; Literacy and Numeracy; Reading Education and Literacy; Special Education
- Writing Interventions: Research focused on design and evaluation of interventions to improve sentence-level writing skills (e.g., handwriting, spelling, sentence construction) for students with disabilities.
Selected Publications
- Datchuk, S. M., & Kubina, R. M., & Mason, L. H. (2015). Effects of Sentence Instruction and Frequency Building to a Performance Criterion on Elementary Aged Students with Behavioral Concerns and EBD. Exceptionality, 23, 34-53 [abstract]
- Mason, L. H., Kubina, R. M., Kostewicz, D., Cramer, A. M., & Datchuk, S. M. (2013). Improving quick writing performance of middle school struggling leaners. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38, 236-246.
- Datchuk, S. M., & Kubina, R. M. (2013). A review of teaching sentence-level writing skills to students with writing difficulties and learning disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 34, 180-192.
- Datchuk, S. M., & Kubina, R. M. (2011). Calculating Celeration Value as a Metric for Direction and Degree of Slope in Single-Case Research. Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 23, 3-17.
- Kubina R. M., Kostewicz, D. E., & Datchuk, S. M. (2010). Graph and table use in special education: A review and analysis of the communication of data. Evaluation and Research in Education, 23(2), 105-119.
- Kubina R. M., Kostewicz, D. E., & Datchuk, S. M. (2008). An initial survey of fractional graph and table area in behavioral journals. The Behavior Analyst, 31, 61-66.
Courses Taught in the Last 5 Years
Curriculum, Assessment, and Instruction for Secondary Education; Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis; Issues Affecting Persons with Disabilities
- Ph.D. in Special Education from Pennsylvania State University
Professional Associations
- Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)


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Lexington Hills Apartments360 Lexington Pkwy S, Saint Paul, MN 55105 View On Map (651) 698-4133
For rates, availability, and other information fill out the availability request form and a representative from Lexington Hills Apartments will contact you shortly
Lexington Hills Apartments is located in the Minneapolis Area in the 55105 zip code. View this apartment on a map.
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Maps & Directions
click to view interactive map


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Malden Chateau "The Girls" 4x6 Frame
We're sorry, this item has sold out. However, we have found some other items you may like. You can find those listed at right.
Always have The Girls with you when this bronze sentiment frame is on your table or wall.
- Total frame size: 9.25-in. x 8.75-in.
- Frame holds a 4-in. x 6-in. photo
- Metal attachment included
- Plastic
Shipping & Returns
Shipping your purchase is easy on belk.com. Depending on the destination of your package, you can expect it to arrive within 4-7 business days. Shipping Information
Returns are easy on belk.com. Easy returns
Malden International Designs, a leading importer of picture frames and albums offers to its customers a broad assortment of both basic and fashion tabletop and wall frames, along with a full photo album assortment.


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Athena junior sprints at a record-setting pace
The junior broke the Section V record in the 300 meters four times this season.
Read more
Photo gallery
See the team in action
Brian Smith, Greece Athena
Junior/Sprints - Player of the Year
Parents: Shannon Smith and Brian Latson. Season highlights: Broke Section V 300-meter record four times, and last time (34.17) won the state title. Won 55 (6.45) and 300 (34.72) at state qualifiers. Won Section V Class A title in both events (6.47 and 34.47). 14th in preliminaries of 200 at nationals (21.97), 15th in preliminaries of 400 (49.13). Academics: 82 average. College: Undecided. Wants to study criminal justice. About me: Three-time AGR selection also holds state title in 200 outdoors. Wide receiver on the football team. Works part-time at Delta Sonic car wash.
Jeremy Bartula, Gates Chili
Senior/Pole vault
Parents: Monica and Bob. Season highlights: Vaulted season-best 13-4 in Rochester Winter Track League meet Jan. 20 at RIT. Section V Class A co-champion (13-0) with teammate C.J. Palozzi. Third at state qualifier (13-0), 14th at states (13-0). Academics: 97 average. College: Considering Binghamton or Buffalo to study applied mathematics and physics. About me: Favorite subject is calculus. Credits his dad and coach John Driscoll with getting him interested in vaulating, "and helping me to succeed." Plays alto saxophone.
Colby Burke, Rush-Henrietta
Senior/Middle distance/relays
Events: Middle distance, relays. School: Rush-Henrietta. Parents: Bev and Mike. Season highlights: At New Balance nationals at the Armory in New York City ran two 1:55 800s - in 800 sprint medley relay (eighth, setting Sec. V record at 3:33.12) and first leg of 3,200 relay (12th). At states seventh in 1,000, (2:34), first leg of fifth-place 3,200 relay. Section V Class A champion in 1,000 (2:34.41). Academics: 91 average. College: SUNY Geneseo to major in biochemistry. About me: Five-time AGR selection in three seasons.
Mickey Burke, Rush-Henrietta
Parents: Bev and Mike. Season highlights: Second in Class A sectionals in 3,200 by a half second (9:45.67). Second at state qualifiers (9:54.01). Ran with his older brother Colby on fifth-place 3,200 relay at states (7:57.90), and 12th at nationals (7:64.65). Ran area-best 9:41.62 to win 3,200 at Cornell Invitational. Academics: 90 average. Next: Improve on team's sectional outdoor record in 3,200 (7:43.66). About me: Third AGR selection (two in cross country). Toughest opponent? McQuaid's Section V champion Nick Rauscher.
Kaishaun Cathey, Edison
Parent: Tomicka Madison. Season highlights: Ran on sectional Class A runner-up 1,600 relay with 52.5 split (3:32.76) and on winning state qualifier 1,600 (3:32.53), third in sectional triple jump (44-8½). Relay fourth at public school states (3:31.32). Was 23rd at states in triple jump (41-3¾). Academics: 3.5 grade point average. College: Considering Michigan State, Akron and SUNY Cortland to study athletic training. About me: Enjoys listening to music and working out. Coach Aubrey Sheffield is his biggest influence, and "father figure."
Ryan Cribbin, Irondequoit
Junior/Shot put
Parents: Christine and Patrick. Season highlights: Won Section V Class B title with throw of 49-5. Won state qualifier at 50-3, the area's season-best and only 50-foot throw. Was 19th at states at 48-¼. Academics: 3.8 grade point average. College: Undecided. About me: Favorite subject is science. Credits his grandfather and coaches for being big influences and helping in his first year on varsity. Also plays soccer and wrestled his sophomore season at 171 pounds.
Ismail El-Amin, Wilson
Senior/Long jump/Sprints
Parents: Sameerah and Warith. Season highlights: Broke Maurice Jackson's 14-year-old Section V long jump record with 23-10¼ leap at state qualifiers. Won Class A sectionals at 23-7¼, second in 300 (35.38). Second in 300 at state qualifiers (35.32), fourth at states (22-1½). Fifth in 300 at states (35.56). Anchored 2nd-place 800 relay at states (1:30.65). Academics: 2.5 grade point average. College: Will attend Morehouse College in Atlanta. About me: Two-time indoor AGR selection. Favorite subject is math. Also wide receiver in football. Nickname "Izzy."
Jeremy Hassett, Newark
Senior/Middle distance/relays
Parents: Bonnie and David. Season highlights: Won 1,000 at Class C sectionals (2:39.31), second in 600 (1:25.9), 4th in 1,600 (4:53.36). Third in 1,000 at state qualifiers (2:34.65). Tenth at states in 1,000 (2:34.48, his personal best and area's fourth-best time). Academics: 98.1 average. College: Considering a science major at University of Rochester or Brandeis. About me: Favorite courses are science and math. Three-year varsity performer. Plays guitar and drums in school and outside bands, and writes music as well.
Cameron Johnson, Fairport
Parents: Sharon and Don. Season highlights: Won Section V Class A 600-meter title (1:22.92, the season's best time) and same event at state qualifiers (1:24.43). Was 17th at states (1:25.25). Academics: 90 average. College: University at Buffalo, undecided on a major. About me: Nickname "Cam." Favorite subjects are European history and leadership. His biggest influence is his family. "I always want to make them proud." Also plays soccer and runs cross country. Fairport team captain, youth group leader at church.
Patrick Meyer, Hilton
Parents: Mary Ellen and Brian. Season highlights: Named All-American at New Balance nationals with fourth in pentathlon (3,529 points). Won Section V Class A high jump (6-2), second in triple jump (46-6¾, season's third-best for area), third in long jump (22-0). Third in triple jump at state qualifiers (44-10¼), fourth in 55 hurdles (8.04), fourth in long jump (22-¼). Ninth in triple jump at states (44-3). Academics: 90 average. College: University of Connecticut, will study kinesiology. About me: Loves Motocross, hanging out and relaxing.
Desmond Mobley, Greece Olympia
Parents: Marisol Vasquez, Tommie Mobley. Season highlights: Named All-American at New Balance nationals after sixth-place finish in high jump (6-7). Tied for second with Wayne's Mike Morgan at states in high jump (6-7), 7th in long jump (21-6½). Second in Class B sectionals (6-7), third in long jump (21-9), fourth in triple jump (42-3¾). Won high jump at state qualifiers (6-6), third in long jump (22-10). Academics: 2.8 grade point average. College: Contacted by Clemson, Navy, Army and Tennessee. Undecided on a major. About me: Favorite subjects: Math and science.
Mike Morgan, Wayne
Parents: Kim and Joseph. Season highlights: Named All-American and set Section V record in pentathlon with 3,568 points to finish third at New Balance nationals. Won triple jump at Class B sectionals (44-10½), won high jump (6-8, area's season-best), second in long jump (22-3½). Second in high jump at state qualifiers (6-4), seventh in triple jump (43-½). Tied for second at states in high jump (6-7). Academics: 85 average. College: University at Buffalo to major in engineering. About me: Plays soccer in fall.
Ronald Morrow II, McQuaid
Parents: Andrea and Ronald Sr. Season highlights: Won Section V Class A 55 hurdles (7.73). Won state qualifier (7.62). Ninth in semifinals at states (7.77), missing finals by .01. Academics: 3.0 grade point average. College: Considering the University of Rochester, Auburn and John Carroll to major in political science. About me: Nickname R.J. Greece resident, active in YMCA Youth and Government program. Says his mother is "my biggest fan. She's never missed a track meet. Her unconditional devotion to me is what I admire most."
Keith Pease, Greece Athena
Junior/Middle distance/relays
Parents: Amy and Eric. Season highlights: Won 1,600 at Class A sectionals (4:24.74). Second in state qualifier (4:25.95). Sixth at states (4:25.66, third among public schools). Set area's best time (4:24.61) winning the Hurley Quinney Invitational at Cornell Jan. 28. Won McMullen Mile at RIT Jan. 7 in 4:31.84. Academics: 90 average. College: Considering Brockport and Ithaca to major in education. About me: Enjoys playing drums, band and listening to music. Favorite subjects are history and English. Nickname: "Shemp."
Nick Rauscher, McQuaid
Parents: Dawn and Tom. Season highlights: Won Section V Class A 3,200 (9:45.05), area's second-best time), seventh in 1,600 (4:42.73). Won 3,200 at state qualifier (9:49.35). 20th at states in 3,200 (9:48.70). Won 1,600 in regular season's third meet (4:28.26), area's fourth-best time. Academics: 90 average. College: Le Moyne to play soccer, study business. About me: Henrietta resident. Favorite subjects are English and art. Credits coach Todd Stewart, his parents and sister Nicole "because they're always there supporting me." Defenseman for McQuaid varsity soccer team.
Chauncey Scissum, Rush-Henrietta
Parents: Sherrolletta and Arthur. Season highlights: Second at states in triple jump (47-6), area's season-best), just 1¾ inches behind the winner. Won Section V Class A triple jump (47-1), third in high jump (5-10). Won triple jump at state qualifiers (46-10). 22nd in triple jump at nationals (44-½). Academics: 88 average. College: Undecided but wants to study athletic training/sports medicine. About me: Three-sport star who played on R-H's 2010 and 2011 sectional football champions and is all-league in lacrosse.
Jimmy Shih, Webster Schroeder
Parents: Tzu-Hui Chiang, Po-jen Shih. Season highlights: Third at states in triple jump (45-7), on his sixth and final jump after fouling on his first attempt) and first freshman or sophomore. Fourth in triple jump at Class A sectionals (41-11), fifth in long jump (21-5). Second in triple jump at state qualifiers (46-8½), sixth in long jump (21-11½). Academics: 98 average. College: Undecided. About me: Favorite subject is biology. Participates in Science Olympics, Math League and is an All-Area and All-State musician in violin and piano.
Brandon VanderBrook, Marion
Parents: Cara and Terence. Season highlights: Won 55 meter (6.58) and 300 (36.85) at Class D sectionals. Second in 55 (6.48, area's second-best time of season) at state qualifiers. Seventh in 55 at states (6.55). 46th in 60 at nationals (6.71). Other best times: 100-10.98; 200-22.65. Academics: 3.42 grade point average. College: Undecided. About me: Favorite subject: English. Also plays varsity soccer. "God is the biggest influence in my life because He has given me the gift of speed and strength and the will to continue."
Donovan Wallace, Wilson
Parent: Katherine McDuffy. Season highlights: Second in long jump at states (22-5½), ran opening leg of Wilson's second-place 800 relay (1:30.65). Second in 55 in Class A (6.67), second in long jump (22-½). Second in long jump at state qualifiers (23-6¾, season's second-longest in area), sixth in 55 (6.75). Academics: 3.0 grade point average. College: Possibly SUNY Cortland or Alfred State with a nursing major. About me: Two-time AGR indoor selection. Considers his teammate, Ismail El-amin, his toughest opponent.
Josh Wray, Rush-Henrietta
Parent: Jan Wray. Season highlights: Helped R-H set Section V sprint medley relay record twice, running 200 leg at the Dartmouth Relays (3:36.96) and nationals (3:33.12). Ninth in preliminaries of 300 at states (35.36), missing semifinals by .17. Third in 300 at state qualifiers (36.15). Third at 'A' sectionals in 300 (36.24). Academics: 3.5 grade point average. College: Undecided. About me: Credits his father as a big influence on his life: "He told me, never give up, do what you love, and have fun."
Robert Goodell, Victor
Coach of the Year
Years coaching varsities: 40. Age: 63. Career highlights: Coached Victor's indoor team to a half-point victory over Greece Olympia in Class B in February. Has won sectional titles at three different schools. Two of his most accomplished athletes are Victor's Kyle Heath, a Syracuse All-American steeplechaser, and Victor senior MJ Erb, a top 20 finisher at Nike Cross Nationals. Family: Wife Bernice Goodell, a retired administrative aid; son Robert Jr., teacher and coach at Marion; daughter Paula Laursen, a message therapist in Canandaigua. About me: Resides in Shortsville. Retired science teacher at Newark. Enjoys gardening, landscaping and remodeling.
Honorable mention
Rochester Winter Track League
- Pat Aiken (Rush-Henrietta)
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- Jack Wesley (Pittsford Mendon)
- Eric Williams (Batavia)
- Sachar Williams (East)


text:
Deinococcus radiodurans accumulates high levels of manganese ions, and this is believed to be correlated with the radiation resistance ability of this microorganism. However, the maintenance of manganese ion homeostasis in D. radiodurans remains to be investigated.
In this study, we identified the manganese efflux protein (MntE) in D. radiodurans. The null mutant of mntE was more sensitive than the wild-type strain to manganese ions, and the growth of the mntE mutant was delayed in manganese-supplemented media. Furthermore, there was a substantial increase in the in vivo concentration of manganese ions. Consistent with these characteristics, the mntE mutant was more resistant to H2O2, ultraviolet rays, and γ-radiation. The intracellular protein oxidation (carbonylation) level of the mutant strain was remarkably lower than that of the wild-type strain.
Our results indicated that dr1236 is indeed a mntE homologue and is indispensable for maintaining manganese homeostasis in D. radiodurans. The data also provide additional evidence for the involvement of intracellular manganese ions in the radiation resistance of D. radiodurans.
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extreme bacterium known for its resistance to ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, oxidative stress, and desiccation [1,2]. It has been reported that D. radiodurans can recover from exposure to γ-radiation at 15 kGy, a dose lethal to most life forms. IR can directly damage biomacromolecules and can also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can indirectly attack both proteins and DNA [3,4]. Therefore, cellular defense against ROS-induced protein and DNA damage is proposed to be important to the radiation resistance of D. radiodurans [5].
Manganese plays an important role in the antioxidant systems of bacteria and can relieve the phenotypic deficit of sod-null Escherichia coli [6]. Interestingly, Daly and coworkers found that the Mn/Fe ratio of most IR-resistant bacteria is higher than that of IR-sensitive bacteria. The group also found that D. radiodurans grown in manganese-deficient medium was relatively more sensitive to IR than the bacteria grown in manganese-containing medium, suggesting that the accumulation of intracellular manganese ions can protect proteins from ROS-induced damage and can help in the survival of D. radiodurans in extreme environments [5,7,8].
Although manganese can improve cellular ROS resistance, excess manganese is toxic to cells. Thus, maintenance of the intracellular Mn concentration homoeostasis is a challenge. In bacteria, two main classes of manganese transporters have been identified--Nramp H+-Mn2+ transporters and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) Mn2+ permeases [9]. Recently, a manganese efflux system was identified in Streptococcus pneumoniae, and this was found to play important roles in host pathogenesis and H2O2 resistance [10]. Many genes involved in the maintenance of manganese ion homeostasis have been reported in D. radiodurans, such as dr1709, dr2523 [11], dr2539 [12], and dr0615 [13]. Therefore, it would be very interesting to determine whether D. radiodurans possesses a similar manganese efflux system.
In this study, we identified a manganese efflux gene (dr1236) in D. radiodurans and demonstrated that it plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of intracellular Mn. The null mutant mntE- was highly sensitive to manganese ions. When the intracellular level of manganese ions was increased by mutating dr1236, the mutant showed clearly enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Our results also demonstrated that increased intracellular Mn levels could substantially suppress protein oxidation (carbonylation) in D. radiodurans exposed to H2O2, indicating that manganese transport and regulation may be involved in the cellular resistance of D. radiodurans to oxidative stress.
Results and discussion
D. radiodurans encodes a putative manganese efflux protein
By searching the D. radiodurans genome http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ webcite, we identified a manganese efflux protein homologue that was annotated as the conserved hypothetical protein DR1236 based on its extensive sequence similarity (25% identity, 49% similarity) to the manganese efflux protein (sp1552) of Streptococcus pneumoniae [10]. Similar to most cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins, DR1236 has six putative transmembrane domains (TMDs) http://www.ch.embnet.org/software/TMPRED_form.html webcite. The most conserved region of the CDF protein is the TMD region, which is probably involved in metal transfer [14]. Sequence alignment was performed with the CLUSTAL W program available on the EMBL web page http://www.ebi.ac.uk webcite. The alignment Sp1552 and DR1236 revealed the presence of highly conserved sequences in metal transfer regions III and VI (Figure 1). Moreover, the DXXXD motif, which is conserved in the manganese efflux protein, was also present in DR1236 (224 DAGVD 230).
Figure 1. Sequence alignment of the two manganese efflux proteins. DEIRA, Deinococcus radiodurans R1; STRPN, Streptococcus pneumoniae. The metal transfer regions III and VI are boxed. Identical amino acids and similar amino acids are denoted by black and gray backgrounds, respectively.
mntE is essential for the manganese resistance of D. radiodurans
To confirm the specific substrate and roles of DR1236 in D. radiodurans, the null mutant of dr1236 (mntE-) and wild-type revertant mntE strains were constructed (Figure 2). Metals including manganese are essential yet potentially toxic to bacteria [15]. Supplementation with certain metal ions can inhibit the growth of an exporter system mutant [16,17]; therefore, this phenotype is used to verify certain mutants. In this study, wild-type R1 and dr1236 (mntE-) were grown on TGY plates overlaid with discs saturated with 10 μL of different metal ion solutions (1 M) containing manganese, magnesium, cobalt, calcium, copper, zinc, nickel, or iron ions. As shown in Figure 3A/B, the growth of the mntE- mutant was strongly inhibited by the manganese ions, but the mutant grew normally in the presence of other cations. Moreover, the wild-type revertant showed a growth phenotype similar to that of R1, indicating that growth inhibition of the mntE- mutant was due to the interruption of dr1236.
Figure 2. mntE- mutant construction and verification by PCR. (A) Ethidium-bromide-stained agarose gel illustrating that the mutant carries a homozygous deletion of dr1236::aadA. Lane 1, mntE- mutant; lane 2, R1; lane 3, DNA marker. Primers M1/M4 were used for PCR. (B) Verification of wild-type revertant mntE by PCR. Lane 1, DNA marker; lane 2, R1; lane 3, revertant mntE. Primers M5/M6 were used for PCR.
Figure 3. Manganese sensitivity assay for wild-type R1 and the mntE- mutant. (A) Wild-type R1 (white bars), mntE- (black bars), and WT revertant (gray bars) were cultured on TGY plates overlaid with filter discs saturated with 1 M solutions of various cations. The zone of inhibition was measured from the edge of the disc after three days. *P < 0.01. ND, not determined. (B) The inhibition zone of R1 and mntE-. Cells were cultured on TGY plates overlaid with filter discs saturated with 1 M manganese chloride. (C) Wild-type R1 and mntE- were inoculated in TGY supplemented with different concentrations of manganese chloride. The OD600 values were determined after 12 h. Data represent the means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments.
To further investigate the influence of manganese ions on the mntE- mutant, different concentrations of manganese ions were added to TGY medium, and the growth of the mntE- mutant was measured (Figure 3C). The results showed that in comparison with R1, the growth of the mntE- mutant was clearly delayed in the presence of low concentrations of manganese ions. When the manganese concentration increased, the growth defect phenotype became more pronounced. This phenotype is similar to that observed in Rosch's study in which the growth of S. pneumoniae having a disrupted calcium efflux system was more severely inhibited at higher calcium concentrations [18].
The mntE- mutant shows high intracellular manganese concentrations
To confirm that the mntE- mutant had lost its ability to export manganese ions, the intracellular manganese ion levels of wild-type R1 and the mntE- mutant were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As expected, when grown on TGY medium supplemented with manganese ions, the manganese ion level in the mntE- mutant was almost four-fold higher than that in wild-type R1. However, there was no significant difference in the intracellular Fe ion concentrations of R1 and the mutant (Figure 4A). Similar results were obtained when the mntE- mutant and wild-type R1 were grown on TGY medium (Figure 4B). This result indicates that Dr1236 is a manganese ion exporter.
Figure 4. Analysis of the intracellular ion content of wild-type R1 and mntE- cultured in medium supplemented with or without cations. (A) R1 (white bars) and mntE- (grey bars) were cultured in TGY medium supplemented with 50 μM manganese, 10 μM ferric chloride, 100 mM magnesium, or 100 mM calcium chloride to determine the effects of these specific cations. (B) R1 (white bars) and mntE- (grey bars) were cultured in TGY medium without added cations. Cells (OD600 = 0.8) were harvested, and the extracellular cations were removed by washing in EDTA. The cation concentration was determined by ICP-MS. The data represent the means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments.
The mntE- mutant shows higher resistance to γ-radiation, UV, and oxidative
Recently, there has been a debate on whether the high intracellular Mn/Fe ratio of D. radiodurans contributes to the extreme oxidative resistance of this microorganism. Daly et al proposed that the high Mn/Fe ratio can effectively suppress protein carbonylation and increase radiation resistance [7,8]. In contrast, Sukhi et al and Shashidhar et al argued that D. radiodurans exhibits the same radiation resistance even when the intracellular Mn/Fe ratio changed substantially [19,20]. Since the intracellular manganese ion level was significantly increased, a cell survival experiment was carried out to confirm whether the high intracellular manganese ion level could contribute to cellular resistance. The D10 value represents the irradiating dose required to reduce the population by 90%. Here, the D10 value was proposed to assess the resistant ability of R1 and mntE- mutant to different stresses. As shown in Figure 5 the resistance of the mntE- mutant under different stresses was higher than that of R1, and the D10 values of the mntE- mutant were 14000 Gy γ-radiation, 700 J/m2 UV, and 50 mM H2O2, whereas that for R1 was 11000 Gy γ-radiation, 600 J/m2 UV, and 40 mM H2O2. Moreover, when R1 and mntE- mutant were cultured in TGY supplemented with 50 μM manganese, their resistance to different stresses also increased remarkably, and it is consistent with their intracellular manganese level (Figure 5). The results suggest that there is a correlation between the intracellular manganese level and cellular oxidative resistance, which is consistent with the data from Daly's studies [8]. Although the role of manganese in the oxidative resistance of D. radiodurans remains unclear, our study implies that an increase in the intracellular manganese level may be one of the responses to oxidative stress. Moreover, it is notable that the UV resistance of the mntE- mutant also increased. Generally, UV light results in DNA damage, and only high doses of UV cause oxidative damage. Therefore, it is interesting to speculate that the UV resistance of the mntE- mutant may be indirectly enhanced by manganese ions. In fact, many important DNA repair enzymes use Mn2+ as the cofactor [21], and manganese accumulation may have a positive effect on gene function. Furthermore, a high intracellular manganese level is also known to have an important effect on the expression of many genes including stress response genes [10].
Figure 5. Survival curves for R1 (triangles) and mntE- (squares) following exposure to UV (A), H2O2 (B), and γ-radiation (C). R1 and mntE- were cultured in TGY broth with or without 50 μM manganese. The values represent the means ± standard deviations of four independent experiments.
The mntE- mutant shows a lower protein oxidation level under oxidative stress
The protein carbonylation level is an important index of intracellular oxidative damage to proteins [8]. Previous reports have shown that the proteins of IR-sensitive bacteria are more vulnerable than those of D. radiodurans to ROS-induced protein oxidative damage [7]. Therefore, we measured and compared the levels of protein carbonylation in the mntE- mutant and wild-type R1. Notably, the level of protein carbonylation in the mntE- mutant decreased to nearly 50% of that in R1 after H2O2 treatment (Figure 6), indicating that the mutation of mntE resulted in a lower level of protein oxidation than that observed in the wild type. This suggests that the high level of intracellular manganese ions could enhance cellular resistance by protecting proteins against ROS damage.
Figure 6. Protein carbonylation levels in R1 (black bars) and mntE- (white bars). Cells (OD600 = 0.8) were harvested and treated with 40 mM H2O2 for 30 min. The protein carbonylation levels were determined by the DNPH assay. Data represent the means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments.
Although it is known that the Mn/Fe ratio of D. radiodurans is higher than that of other bacteria, little is known regarding the maintenance of the intracellular manganese ion level in this bacterium. So far, only one manganese efflux system has been identified in bacteria [10], and it is still unknown whether this system exists in D. radiodurans [22]. In this study, we identified a MntE homolog in D. radiodurans. As expected, our results showed that the intracellular manganese ion level was almost four-fold higher in the mutant than in R1. Furthermore, we also found that the oxidative level of mntE- proteins decreased to almost one half that of R1. On the other hand, the data also revealed that manganese accumulation is dangerous to the mntE- mutant. Based on these data, we conclude that dr1236 is indeed a mntE homologue and is indispensable for maintaining manganese homeostasis in D. radiodurans. The results provide additional evidence that intracellular manganese ions are involved in the radiation resistance of D. radiodurans. However, because the intracellular Mn/Fe ratio and the Mn concentration of mntE- both increased in this study, we could not clarify whether the Mn/Fe ratio or the Mn concentration is more important for stress tolerance. Therefore, global analysis of the regulation of the intracellular manganese ion level is necessary in further studies.
Strains and media
All the strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in the supporting information (Table 1). The D. radiodurans strains were cultured at 30°C in TGY (0.5% Bacto tryptone, 0.1% glucose, and 0.3% Bacto yeast extract) medium with aeration or on TGY plates supplemented with 1.2% Bacto agar.
Table 1. Strains and plasmids used in this study
Disruption and complementation of dr1236
The mutant dr1236 gene was constructed as described previously [23]. Briefly, ~600-bp DNA fragments immediately upstream and downstream from dr1236 were amplified from the genome of the R1 strain using the primer pairs ME1/ME2 and ME3/ME4, respectively (Table 2). These two fragments were digested with BamHI and HindIII, respectively, and cloned to the streptomycin-resistance DNA fragment from pKat-aadA [24] pretreated with the same enzymes. The ligation product was transformed into D. radiodurans R1, and mutant colonies were selected on TGY plates containing 8 μg/mL streptomycin. Null mutants were confirmed by PCR and sequencing, and the resulting mutant was designated mntE-.
Table 2. Primers used in this study
A complementary plasmid was constructed and transformed into the mntE- mutant as described previously [25]. Briefly, the dr1236 gene with the NdeI and BamHI sites was amplified with primers ME5/ME6. The PCR product was ligated to the pMD18-T simple vector (Takara, JP), and the product was designated pMDmntE. After digestion with NdeI and BamHI, the target gene MntE was ligated to NdeI- and BamHI-predigested pRADK [23]. The complementation plasmid was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequence analyses and transformed into the mntE- strain.
Cation sensitivity assay
Cation sensitivity assays were carried out as described previously [18]. Solutions (1 M) of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, cobalt (II) chloride, copper chloride, ferric chloride, and ferrous sulfate (Sigma) were prepared in milli-Q water and filter-sterilized by passing through 0.22-μm filters. Cells grown to the early stationary phase in TGY broth were plated on TGY plates and overlaid with 5-mm sterile filter discs containing 10 μL of various cation solutions. The plates were incubated for three days, and the inhibition zone of each disc was measured.
To measure the growth of mntE- and R1, 1 × 105 cfu mL-1 were grown in TGY supplemented with increasing concentrations of MnCl2. The OD600 value was measured 12 h post incubation (mean ± SD of three experiments).
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) assay
For the ICP-MS assays [26], the cells were cultured in TGY broth that had been pretreated with Chelex (Sigma) to remove any cations and supplemented with 50 μM manganese, 10 μM ferric chloride, 100 mM magnesium, or 100 mM calcium chloride. Cells (OD600 = 0.6-0.8) were harvested by centrifugation, washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 10 mM EDTA, and rinsed three times with PBS without EDTA. Cells (1/10 of the total volume) were withdrawn to measure the dry weight, and the remaining cells were treated with nitric acid and used for the ICP-MS assay.
Survival curves of the mntE- mutant and R1
R1 and mntE- cells were cultured in TGY broth with or without 50 μM manganese to OD600 = 1.0, centrifuged, and then resuspended in phosphate buffer. For the γ-irradiation treatment, the suspension was irradiated with different doses of 60Co γ-radiation for 1 h on ice. After the irradiation treatment, the cells were plated on TGY plates and incubated at 30°C for three days. The colonies were then counted. For the UV treatment, the cells were plated on TGY plates and exposed to different doses of UV radiation at 254 nm. For the H2O2 treatment, the cultures were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 for 30 min and then plated on TGY plates.
Protein carbonylation assay
Cells grown to OD600 = 0.5 were treated with H2O2 (30 mM), harvested, and resuspended in PBS containing 1% (by volume) β-mercaptoethanol and 1 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. The cells were disrupted by sonication, and the cell-free extracts were used for the protein carbonylation assay. The protein concentrations were determined by the Bradford method. The cell-free extracts were incubated with 400 μL of 10 mM 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) in 2 M HCl for 2 h in the dark. After precipitation with ice-chilled 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), the precipitated proteins were washed three times with 50% ethyl acetate in ethanol. The decolorized precipitates were evaporated and dissolved in 1 mL of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The solution was centrifuged, and the absorbance of the supernatant was determined at 370 nm against a protein control that had been processed in parallel but with 2 M HCl instead of DNPH. The protein carbonyl content is defined as mM/mg protein.
Statistical analysis
Student's t-test was used to assess the significance between results, and p < 0.05 was considered as significant.
Authors' contributions
HXS and YJH conceived and designed the study. HXS performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. GZX, BT and HC participated in the discussion of the experimental results. HDZ and ZTS carry out the protein carbonylation analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB707804), a grant from the National Hi-Tech Development Program (2007AA021305), a key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830006), a major scientific and technological project for significant new drugs creation (2009ZXJ09001-034), a major project for genetically modified organisms breeding (2009ZX08009-075B), a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870035), the project "Application of Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture" from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (200803034), and a grant from Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Y3090032).
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