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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 Implementation of Polynomial Neural Network in Web Usage Mining S.Santhi Dr. S. Purushothaman Research Scholar Principal Mother Teresa Women's University Sun college of Engineering and Technology Kodaikanal, India Nagarkoil, India Abstract—Education, banking, various business and humans' breadth-first search(42.6% of accuracy) and best-first necessary needs are made available on the Internet. Day by day search algorithms(48.2% of accuracy). David Martens et number of users and service providers of these facilities are al. [2] proposed a new active learning based approach exponentially growing up. The people face the challenges of how (ALBA) to extract comprehensible rules from opaque to reach their target among the enormous Information on web on SVM models. They applied ALBA on several publicly the other side the owners of web site striving to retain their available data sets and confirmed its predictive accuracy. visitors among their competitors. Personalized attention on a Dilhan Perera [3] et al. have performed mining of data user is one of the best solutions to meet the challenges. Thousands of papers have been published about collected from students working in teams and using an personalization. Most of the papers are distinct either in online collaboration tool in a one-semester software gathering users' logs, or preprocessing the web logs or Mining development project. Clustering was applied to find both algorithm. In this paper simple codification is performed to groups of similar teams and similar individual members, filter the valid web logs. The codified logs are preprocessed with and sequential pattern mining was used to extract polynomial vector preprocessing and then trained with Back sequences of frequent events. The results revealed Propagation Algorithms. The computational efforts are interesting patterns characterizing the work of stronger calculated with various set of usage logs. The results are proved and weaker students. Key results point to the value of the goodness of the algorithm than the conventional methods. analysis based on each resource and on individuals, rather than just the group level. They also found that some key Keywords- web usage mining; Back propagation algorithm;, measures can be mined from early data, in time for these Polynomial vector processing to be used by facilitators as well as individuals in the groups. Some of the patterns are specific for their context I. INTRODUCTION (i.e., the course requirements and tool used). Others are Web users feel comfortable if they reached the desired web more generic and consistent with psychological theories page within the minimum navigation on a web site. A study of of group work, e.g., the importance of group interaction Users' recent behavior on the web will be useful to predict and leadership for success. Edmond H.Wu et al.[4] their desired target page. Generally Users' browsing patterns introduced an integrated data warehousing and data are stored in the web logs of a web server. These patterns are mining framework for website management. The model learned through the efficient algorithms to find the target page. focuses on the page, user and time attributes to form a Backpropagation Algorithm with Polynomial Vector multidimensional can be which can be frequently updated Preprocessing,(BPAPVP) is implemented for learning the and queried. The experiment shown that data model is patterns. With learned knowledge, various set of users' effective and flexible for different analysis tasks. Gaung- browsing patterns are tested. The results are observed and bin Huang et al. [5] proposed a simple learning algorithm presented as an analysis on computational efforts of the capable of real-time learning, which can automatically algorithm. The analysis on the results proves the correctness of determine the parameters of the network at one time only. the algorithm. Thus the BPAPVP leads to improved web usage This learning algorithm is compared with BP and k-NN mining than the numerous conventional methods. algorithm. There are 4601 instances and each instance has 57 attributes. In the simulation 3000 randomly A. Literature Review selected instances compose the training set and all the rest are used for testing. RLA achieves good testing accuracy Michael Chau et al. [1] attempted to use Hopfield Net at very fast learning speed; however BP need to spend for web analysis. The web structure and content analysis 4641.9s on learning which is not realistic in such a are incorporate into the network through a new design of practical real-time application. In the forest typed network Their algorithm performed (70% of accuracy) prediction problem 100,000 training data and 481012 better than traditional web search algorithms such as 160 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 testing data have been taken. The testing time of k-NN linguistic recommender system that facilitates the can be as long as 26 hours, where as RLA finished within acquisition of the user preferences to characterize the user 65.648 seconds. Incorporating neural network (NN) into profiles. They allowed users to provide their preferences supervised learning classifier system (UCS) [6] offers a by means of incomplete fuzzy linguistic preference good compromise between compactness, expressiveness, relation. The user profile is completed with user and accuracy. A simple artificial NN is used as the preferences on the collaboration possibilities with other classifier's action and obtained a more compact users. Therefore, this recommender system acts as a population size, better generalization and the same or decision support system that makes decisions about both better accuracy while maintaining a reasonable level of the resources that could be interesting for a researcher and expressiveness negative correlation learning (NCL) is also his/her collaboration possibilities with other researchers to applied during the training of the resultant NN ensemble. form interesting working groups. The experimental results NCL is shown to improve the generalization of the shown the user satisfaction with the received ensemble. Hongjun Lu et al.[7] proposed an neural recommendations. The average of precision, recall and F1 network to extract concise symbolic rules with high (F1 is a combination metric that gives equal weight to accuracy. They have been improving the speed of both precision) metrics are 67.50%, 61.39% and 63.51%, network training by developing fast algorithms, the time respectively. Ranieri Barglia et al.[13] proposed a required to extract rules by our neural network approach recommender system that helps user to navigate through is still longer than the time needed by the decision tree the web by providing dynamically generated links to approach. They tried to reduce the training time and pages that have not been visited and are of potential improve the classification accuracy is to reduce the interest. They contributed and suggest, a privacy number of input units by feature selection. James enhanced recommender system that allows for creating caverlee et al.[8] presented the Thor framework for serendipity recommendations without breaching users sampling, locating and partitioning the QA-Pagelets ( privacy. They said that a system is privacy safe if the two Query-Answer pagelets) from the Deep web. [ Large and conditions hold: (i) The user activity cannot be tracked (ii) growing collection of web accessible databases known as The user activity cannot be inferred. They conducted a set the deep web ] Their experiments have shown that the of experiments assess the quality of recommendations proposed page clustering algorithm achieves low-entropy Sankar K.Pal et al. [14] summarized the different type of clusters and the sub-tree clustering algorithms identify web mining and its basic components, along with their QA-Pagelets with excellent precision and recall. Lotfi current states of are. The limitations of existing web Ben Romdhane [9] extends a neural model for casual mining methods / tools are explained. The relevance of reasoning to mechanize the monotonic class. They soft computing is illustrated through example and developed Unified Neural Explainer (UNEX) for casual diagrams. Tianyi et al. [15] is examined the problem of reasoning (independent, incompatibility and open). optimal partitioning of customer bases into homogeneous UNEX is mechanized by the use of Fuzzy AND-ing segments for building better customer profiles and have networks, whose activation is based on new principle, presented the direct grouping approach as a solution. That called softmin. They considered a battery of 1000 approach partitions the customers not based on computed random manifestations/cases. UNEX had a coverage statistics and particular clustering algorithms, but in terms ration greater than 0.95 in 220 cases (22%). Magdalini of directly combining transactional data of several Eirinaki et al. [10] presented a survey of the use of web customers and building a single model of customer mining for web personalization. A review of the most behaviour on that combined data. They formulated the common methods that are used as well as technical issues optimal partitioning problem as a combinatorial that occur is given, along with a brief overview of the optimization problem and showed that it is NP-hard. most popular tools and applications available from S/W Then, three suboptimal polynomial-time direct grouping vendors. Mankuan Vai et al.[11] developed a systematic methods, Iterative Merge (IM), Iterative Growth (IG), and approach that creates a Hop field network to represent Iterative Reduction (IR) are shown that the IM method qualitative knowledge about a system for analysis and provides the best performance among them. It is shown reasoning. A simple sic node neural network is designed that the best direct grouping method significantly as a building block to capture basic qualitative relations. dominates the statistics-based and one-to-one approaches The objective of the transistor modelling technique is to across most of the experimental conditions, while still determine the topology of an equivalent circuit and to being computationally tractable. It is also shown that the extract its element values from the measured device data. distribution of the sizes of customer segments generated The ultimate advantage of the neural network is in its by the best direct grouping method follows a power law capability of implementing the neural network as a distribution and that micro segmentation provides the best parallel distributed processor, which will remove the time approach to personalization. Vir V.Phoha et al.[16] consuming factor of sequentially updating individual developed a new learning algorithm for fast web page neurons. C. Porcel et al. [12] presented a new fuzzy allocation on a server using the self-organizing properties 161 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 of the neural network (NN). They compared the enhancement effect and substitution effect, they found performance of the algorithm with round-robin (RR). As that the substitution and enhancement effect of website the number of input objects increases, the algorithm information flow to realistic human flow exist achieves a hit ratio close to 0.98 whereas RR schema simultaneously. The development trend of the never achieve more than 0.4. Xiaozhe Wang et al.[17] enhancement effect is quicker than that of the substitution proposed a concurrent neuro-fuzzy model to discover and effect, and the enhancement effect is stronger. The analyze useful knowledge from the available web log information flow guiding human flow in the initial period data. They made use of the cluster information generated of the network economy suggests that the substitution by self organizing map for pattern analysis and a fuzzy effect is stronger, and in the later period that the inference systerm to capture the chaotic trend to provide enhancement effect is stronger and quicker. short-term(hourly) and long-term (daily) web traffic trend predictions. Yu-Hui et al.[18] explored a new data source called intentional browsing data (IBD)for potentially improving the effectiveness of WUM applications IBD is a category of online browsing actions II. PROBLEM DEFINITION such as "copy", "scroll", or "save as " and is not recorded Users' browsing patterns are gathered from the web server and in web log files. Consequently this research aims to build then extracts only the valid logs i,e., The logs that doesn't a basic understanding of IBD, which will lead to its easy contain robots.txt, .jpg, ,gif etc and unsuccessful request. adoption in WUM research and practice. Specially, this These logs are codified with Meta data of the web site. Then paper formally defines IBD and clarifies its relationship the codified patterns are applied to the polynomial vector for with other browsing data. Zhicheng Douet al. [19] preprocessing . The preprocessed data are fed to back developed an evaluation framework based on real query propagation algorithm for training the usage patterns. logs to enable large-scale evaluation of personalized search. They have taken 5 algorithms for evaluation Machine learning theory based web usage mining assumes research (i) Click-based algorithm (P-Click) , (ii) long- no statistical information about the web logs. This work falls term user topic interests ( L-Topic) (iii) Short-term under the category of supervised learning by employing two interests (S-Topic) (iv) Hybrid of L-Topic and S-Topic, phase strategies such as a) Training phase b) Testing phase. In (LS-Topic).(v) Group base personalization (G-Click). training phase, original logs are codified by simple They found that no personalization algorithms can out- substitution of unique page_id instead of page name for all the perform others for all queries and concluded that different successful html requests and are interpolate by preprocessing methods have different strength and weakness. Zi Lu et into polynomial vector. The n dimensional patterns are inner- al. [20] reviewed related research results in this area and product to obtain 2 dimensional vectors which is trained by their practical significance for a comprehensive neural classifier to learn the nature of the logs. BPA takes the explanation of various effect functions based on utility role of neural classifier in this work. By training the classifier theory. They used the data on Internet development in for a specific users' logs a reasonably accurate suggestions can China and related intelligent decision models to calculate be derive. In testing phase, various users' logs are supplied to the effect function. Based on the findings, they explained the trained classifier to decide which page-id is to be the features of the effect of website information flow on suggested. The flow charts of both phases are given in realistic human flow from various aspects. Research Figure1.a and Figure 1.b results showed that the effect of website information flow can be divided into substitution and enhancement, so that the relationship of the website information flow in guiding the human flow changes from one dimension to multi-dimensional morphology. They indicated that, on one hand, website information flow is lagged to some extent, but is enhanced gradually and grows faster than realistic human flow; on the other hand, by comparing the evolution trend of the intensity of the two functions, it can Fig 1(a) Training Phase be seen that the enhancement function occurs later than the substitution, but develops faster and has greater force. Following comparison between the simulation value and the actual value, it is proved that the effect of website information flow is basically in line with the relationship of realistic human flow. These results can support government and business in making decisions on web information publication. Through the comparison between 162 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 Fingerprint_ANN.html 26 FacialRecog.html 27 ObjectRecog.html 28 HarmonicAnalysis.html 29 ImageCompression.html 30 ImageDeconvolution.html 31 Fig.1 (b) Testing Phase Intrusion.html 32 ImageCompression.html 33 ImageRestoration.html 34 III. IMPLEMENTATION ObjectTracing.html 35 The simulation of personalization through web usage DigitalModulation.html 36 mining has been implemented using MATLAB 7®. EDM_Matching.html 37 Sample sets of logs are taken from ProtechSC's web CuttingTool.html 38 server. These logs are filtered and codified. Table II ToolWear.html 39 gives sample codified logs that have been obtained after PowerForecasting.html 40 codification of the extended log format. Each number RemoteSpeaker.html 41 refers to a webpage. The % symbol is the comment and SpeakerIdentification.html 42 the number after the percent is the line number. Users' 50 SegmentationTextures.html 43 days patterns have been collected. 25 patterns have been Steganalysis.html 44 used for training and the remaining patterns used for Steganagraphy.html 45 testing. SoftSecurity.html 46 SurvillanceRobot.html 47 A. Filter the Log File TransmitterPlacement.html 48 the web logs are collected from the web server of TextureSegmentation.html 49 www.protechsc.net . Sample web log file of this site is given ImageRecovery.html 50 in Fig.2 WoodDefect.html 51 3DFacial.html 52 TABLE I- CODIFICATION TABLE OF WWW.PROTECHSC.NET PageName Code index.html 1 aboutus.html 2 Dissertation.html 3 Whatwedo.html 4 Projecttopics.html 5 Services.html 6 consultation.html 7 Contactus.html 8 PaymentDetails.html 9 Enquies&Comment.html 10 Algorithm 11 Flowchart 12 Submit 13 SpeechSeparation.html 14 WaveletPackett.html 15 PwdAuthentication.html 16 Figure 2: Sample Web logs of www.protechsc.net OFDM_Frequency.html 17 CharRecog.html 18 The Filtering Process as follows: CarotidArtery.html 19 Step 1:Select the logs which don't contain Robots.txt and AnalysisMRI.html 20 request of image files. BPA_Char.html 21 Step2: Group by IP address of the logs DirectSearch.html 22 Step3: Codify the requested page with following information Step 4: Store only IP address, visited page-id into database Detect_micro classfication.html 23 and make use of it for the polynomial preprocessing. Cloud_Contamination.html 24 These steps are pictorially presented in figure 3. Info_retrieval 25 163 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 nf is the number of features (nf = 11). An outer product matrix Xop of the original input vector is formed, and it is given by: X1X1 X1X2 X1X3 X1X4 X1X5......X1X21 (2) X2X1 X2X2 X2X3 X2X4 X2X5......X2X21 X3X1 X3X2 X3X3 X3X4 X3X5......X3X21 X4X1 X4X2 X4X3 X4X4 X4X5......X4X21 Xop.. = .. X5X1 X5X2 X5X3 X5X4 X5X5......X5X21 . . . X21X1 X21X2 X21X3.. X21X4 X21X5.....X21X21 Figure 3. Filtering the Logs Using the Xop matrix, the following polynomials are generated: TABLE II - CODIFIED WEBPAGE DETAILS OF A USER (i) Product of inputs (NL1) a =[1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8,13, 0, 0, 0; %1 it is denoted by: 1, 2, 4, 5,14, 9,10,11,13, 8, 3, 0; %2 ∑wijxi (i≠j) = Off-diagonal elements of the outer product 1, 2, 4, 5,14,10,11, 5,15,10,13, 4; %3 matrix. (3) 5,15, 9,10,11,12,13, 6, 8, 7, 0, 0; %4 The pre-processed input vector is a 55-dimensional vector. 5, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; %5 ii) Quadratic terms (NL2) 5,16, 9,10,11,12, 3, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0; %6 It is denoted by: Σwijxi2 = Diagonal elements of the outer 5,17,10,11, 3, 6, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0; %7 product matrix. (4) 5,26, 9,10,11,12, 5,18, 9,10,11,12; %8 The pre-processed input vector is a 11-dimensional vector. 2, 3, 5,27,10,11,12, 6, 8, 0, 0, 0; %9 iii) A combination of product of inputs and quadratic 2, 4, 7, 5,19,10,11,12,13, 0, 0, 0; %10 terms (NL3) 2, 6, 5, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; %11 It is denoted by: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5,32, 9,10,11, 0; %12 Σwijxi(i≠j) + Σwijxi2 = Diagonal elements and Off-diagonal 3, 5, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; %13 elements of the outer product matrix. (5) 3, 7, 5,45, 9,10,11,12, 0, 0, 0, 0; %14 The pre-processed input vector is a 66 dimensional vector. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 3, 6, 5,38, 9,10,11; %15 iv) Linear plus NL1 (NL4) 4, 6, 3, 5,41, 9,10,11,12,13, 8, 1; %16 The pre-processed input vector is a 66 dimensional vector. (6) 4, 5,18, 9,10,11,12, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0; %17 v) Linear plus NL2 (NL5) 4, 6, 5, 8, 3, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; %18 The pre-processed input vector is a 22-dimensional vector. (7) 6, 3, 5, 7, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; %19 vi) Linear plus NL3 (NL6) 6, 7, 4, 3, 5,22, 5,34, 5,17, 9 , 8; %20 The pre-processed input vector is a 55-dimensional vector. (8) 1, 4, 5,22, 9,10,11, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0; %21 2, 4, 8, 5,29, 5,32, 5,40, 9,10,11; %22 In the above polynomials such as NL4, NL5 and NL6 3, 6, 7, 5,14, 5,16, 5, 4, 0, 0, 0; %23 vector, the term 'linear' represents the normalized input 7, 8, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0; %24 pattern without pre-processing. When the training of the 1, 3, 4, 5,14, 9,10,11,12, 2,13, 0] %25 network is done with a fixed pre-processing of the input vector, the number of iterations required is less than that required for the training of the network without pre-processing of the input B. Polynomial Interpolation vector to reach the desired MSE. The combinations of Polynomial interpolation is the interpolation of a given different pre-processing methods with different synaptic navigation patterns by a polynomial set obtained by outer weight update algorithms are shown in Table III. BPA weight product the given navigation sequence. Polynomial update algorithms have been used with fixed pre-processed interpolation forms the basis for comparing information input vectors for learning. between two points. The pre-processing generates a polynomial decision boundary. The pre-processing of the input C. Back Propagation Algorithm vector is done as follows: A neural network is constructed by highly interconnected Let X represents the normalized input vector, processing units (nodes or neurons) which perform simple X = Xi ; i=1,…nf, (1) mathematical operations . Neural networks are characterized by their topologies, weight vectors and activation function Where Xi is the feature of the input vector which are used in the hidden layers and output layer. The 164 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 topology refers to the number of hidden layers and connection 5. Present the suggestions through templates between nodes in the hidden layers. The activation functions that can be used are sigmoid, hyperbolic tangent and sine. The IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION network models can be static or dynamic . Static networks Figure 4 presents the mean squared error and classification include single layer perceptrons and multilayer perceptrons. A performance of BPA without preprocessing the input vectors. perceptron or adaptive linear element (ADALINE) refers to a Fig. 5 to Fig. 10 presents the MSE and classification computing unit. This forms the basic building block for neural performance of BPA with preprocessed input vectors. The networks. The input to a perceptron is the summation of input computational effort, Mean squared error, the iterations pattern vectors by weight vectors. In most of the applications required for various algorithm are presented in Table IV. From one hidden layer is sufficient. The activation function which is the Table III , it can be noted that , the algorithm with ( BPA used to train the Artificial Neural Network is the sigmoid +NL2 ) requires less number of computational effort to function. achieve minimum 80% classification. 1) Training 1. Read log files and filter it V. CONCLUSION 2. Separate the data into inputs and target In this work, a preprocessing approach has been 3. Preprocess the data to any NL implemented for ANN to learn the web usage mining. The 4. Calculate Principal Component Vector by number of arithmetic operations required to train the network Z=Z*ZT (9) with a pre- processed input vector is more, indicating that the Where Z denotes the cleaned logs computational effort is more. The number of iterations 5. Train the BPA. required is less than that required for the vector without pre- 5.a Forward Propagation processing. The classification performance after (i) The weights of the network are initialized. preprocessing is more than that of the network trained without (ii) The inputs and outputs of a pattern are presented to the pre-processing. The proposed method has to be tried with network different types of web sites. (iii) The output of each node in the successive layers is calculated. O (output of a node) = 1/(1+exp(-∑Wij Xi )) (10) (iv) The error of a pattern is calculated REFERENCES E(p) = (1/2) ∑(d(p)-o(p))2 (11) [1] Chau, M.; Chen, H., Incorporating Web Analysis Into Neural Networks: An Example in Hopfield Net Searching, IEEE 5.b Backward Propagation Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, Volume 37, Issue 3, May 2007 Page(s): 352 – 358 (i) The error for the nodes in the output layer is calculated δ(output layer) = o(1-o)(d-o) (12) [2] David Martens, Bart Baesens, and Tony Van Gestel, Decompositional Rule Extraction from Support Vector Machines (ii) Weights between output layer and hidden layer are by Active Learning, IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data updated. Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.178 – 191, February 2009 W(n+1) = W(n) + ηδ(output layer) o(hidden layer) (13) [3] Dilhan Perera, Judy Kay, Irena Koprinska, Kalina Yacef, and (iii) The error for the nodes in the hidden layer is calculated. Osmar R. Zaý¨ane, Clustering and Sequential Pattern Mining of Online Collaborative Learning Data, IEEE Transactions On δ(hidden layer) = o(1-o) ∑δ(output layer) W (updated Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp.759-772 weights between hidden and output layer) (14) June 2009 [4] Edmond H.Wu, Michael K.Ng, Joshua Z. Huang, A Data (iv) The weights between hidden and input layer are Warehousing and Data Mining Framework for Web usage updated Management, Communication in Information And Systems Vol. 4, No.4 pp 301-324, 2004 W(n+1) = W(n) + ηδ(hidden layer) o(input layer) (15) [5] Guang-Bin Huang, Qin-Yu, Chee-Kheong Siew, Real-Time The above steps complete one weight updating. Second Learning Capability of Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on pattern is presented and the above steps are followed for the Neural Networks, Vol.17, No.4 July 2006, pp 863-878. second weight updating. When all the training patterns are [6] Hai H. Dam, Hussein A. 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Generate the suggestions from the output layer 165 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 [9] Lotfi Ben Romdhane, A Softmin-Based Neural Model for Casual 2.5 80 55 X 5 X 1 55 X 5 X 1 Reasoning, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol.17, No.3 May 2006, pp 732-744 70 2 [10] Magdalini Eirinaki and Michalis Vazirgiannis, Web Mining For Web Personalization, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 60 Vol 3. No.1, February 2003 Pages 1-27 1.5 [11] Mankuan Vai, Zhimin Xu, Representing Knowledge by Neural % correct proposed webpage 50 Networks for qualitative Analysis and Reasoning, IEEE Transactions on knowledge and data engineering Vol.7 No.5 MSE 1 40 October 1995, pp 683-690 [12] C. Porcel , E. Herrera-Viedma , Dealing with incomplete 30 information in a fuzzy linguistic recommender system to 0.5 disseminate information in university digital libraries, ELSEVIER, 20 Knowledge-Based Systems 23 (2010), pp. 40–47 [13] Ranieri Baraglia and Fabrizio Silvestri , Dynamic Personalization 0 10 of Web sites without user intervention, Communications of the ACM February 2007, Vol.50 No.2 pp 63-67 -0.5 0 [14] Sankar K.Pal, Pabitra Mirta , Web Mining in Soft Computing -100 0 100 Iterations 200 300 400 0 50 100 150 200 Iterations 250 300 350 400 Framework: Relevance, State of the Art and Future Directions, Figure 5 MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using (BPA+NL1) IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol 13, No. 5 September with preprocessing the input vector (Table II ) 2002 pp 1163- 1176 [15] Tianyi Jiang and Alexander Tuzhilin, Improving Personalization 3 90 11 X 5 X 1 11 X 5 X 1 Solutions through Optimal Segmentation of Customer Bases, IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2.5 80 3, pp.305-320, March 2009. 70 [16] Vir V.Phoha, S.Sitharama iyengar, Rajgopal Kannan, Faster Web 2 60 Page Allocation with Neural Networks, IEEE Internet Computing % correct proposed webpage November-December 2002. pp 18-26 1.5 50 MSE [17] Xiaozhe Wang, Ajith Abraham, Kate A. Smith, Intelligent web 40 traffic mining and analysis, Journal of Network and Computer 1 Applications 28 (2005) 147-165, ELSEVIER 30 [18] Yu-Hui Tao a, Tzung-Pei Hong b, Yu-Ming Su c , Web usage 0.5 mining with intentional browsing data, ELSEVIER Expert 20 Systems with Applications, pp.1893–1904. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com 2008, www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa 0 10 [19] Zhicheng Dou, Ruihua Song, Ji-Rong Wen, and Xiaojie Yuan, Evaluating the Effectiveness of Personalized Web Search, IEEE -0.5 0 Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 21, No. -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Iterations Iterations 8, pp.1178 – 1190, August 2009 Figure 6. MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using [20] Zi Lu Ruiling Han, Jie Duan , Analyzing the effect of website (BPA+NL2) with preprocessing the input vector (Table II) information flow on realistic human flow using intelligent decision models, ELSEVIER, Knowledge-Based Systems 23 (2010), pp. 2.5 80 40–47 66 X 5 X 1 66 X 5 X 1 70 2 1.8 90 11 X 3 X 1 11 X 3 X 1 60 1.6 80 1.5 % c orrec t propos ed webpage 1.4 50 70 1.2 60 MS E 1 40 % Correct proposed webpage 1 50 MSE 0.8 30 0.5 40 0.6 20 30 0.4 0 20 10 0.2 0 10 -0.5 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Iterations Iterations -0.2 0 -50 0 50 Iterations 100 150 0 50 Iterations 100 150 Figure .7 MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using (BPA+NL3) with preprocessing the input vector (Table II) Figure 4. MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using BPA without preprocessing the input vector (Table II) 166 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 8, November 2010 1.8 80 1.8 80 66 X 5 X 1 55 X 5 X 1 66 X 5 X 1 55 X 5 X 1 1.6 1.6 70 70 1.4 1.4 60 60 1.2 1.2 % correct proposed webpage % correct proposed webpage 50 50 1 1 MSE 0.8 40 MSE 0.8 40 0.6 0.6 30 30 0.4 0.4 20 20 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0 -0.2 0 -0.2 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Iterations Iterations Iterations Iterations Figure.10 MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using Figure.8 MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using (BPA+NL4) (BPA+NL6) with preprocessing the input vector (Table II ) with preprocessing the input vector (Table II ) AUTHORS PROFILE 1.8 90 22 X 5 X 1 22 X 5 X 1 S.Santhi received her B.Sc and M.Sc degrees in Computer 1.6 80 Science from University of Madras and Alagappa University in 1997 and 2000 respectively. She completed 1.4 70 her M.Phil in Computer Science from Mother Teresa Womens' University in 2003. Her areas of research 1.2 60 includes Data Mining and Neural Networks. % correct proposed webpage 1 50 M SE 0.8 40 0.6 30 0.4 0.2 20 Dr. S. Purushothaman is working as professor in Sun College of Engineering, Nagerkoil,India. He received his 0 10 Ph.D from IIT Madras. His area of research includes Artificial Neural Networks, Image Processing and signal -0.2 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 processing. He published more than 50 research papers in national and international journals. Iterations Iterations Figure 9.MSE and percentage of correct proposed webpage using (BPA+NL5) with preprocessing the input vector (Table II) 167 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500
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// Jim Ringo's City Center experiment gears up for its first month of business //
Forum has only been open in City Center for a couple of weeks, but already the restaurant that resurrects the art deco glam of the old Goodfellow's space has built up a considerable amount of lore.
There's the story of its owner, the corporate executive turned first-time restaurateur Jim Ringo, who retired from a 20-year tenure at Cargill to open two huge restaurants in the same month (Ringo's, an upscale restaurant with a "globally roving menu" opened in the Shops at West End on April 13; Forum opened April 23). There's Ringo's unusual decision to make Christian Ticarro both executive chef and general manager, a dual role unheard of in the restaurant business. And then there's Ticarro's even more unusual decision to hire his brother as the head chef. Detractors have cited all three of these facts as reasons why Forum will fail.
But the most interesting bit of lore is that Ringo initially had no plan to open two restaurants — and that Goodfellow's gorgeous space forced him into it. While hunting for a building to house Ringo's, he checked out the former Goodfellow's location, at 40 S. 7th St., which had sat vacant for almost five years. And though he realized the space wasn't right for his project, he couldn't get the art deco dining hall out of his mind. He had to use it for something. So he built Forum's cuisine and concept exclusively for the space, instead of the other way around — another unconventional move.
"Jim always says 'if my heart is at Ringo's, my soul is at Forum,'" said Ticarro during a recent Monday lunch. Ticarro described a "chef-driven menu" that "celebrates Americana," conceived of by Ringo to honor the space's history as both a white-tablecloth restaurant, during the Goodfellow years, and a legendary cafeteria, during the four-decade run of the original tenant, the old Forum Cafeteria.
A third of the menu, Ticarro said, will be classic comfort food: "chicken pot pie, Salisbury steak, country fried steak." Another third will be classic chophouse fare: "seafood, steak, pasta." The final — and in Ticarro's opinion, most exciting — third is a "rotating destination" menu that visits the cuisine of a different American region each month.
May's menu focuses on New Orleans; June's will turn toward Santa Fe; and then Boston in July ("for Independence Day") and Alaska in August. The late summer menu might prove especially impressive, as Ticarro's head chef spent 14 years cooking in Alaska before stepping into Forum's kitchen.
"[The changing menu] really keeps the kitchen creative," said Ticarro, who has had to research dishes like Cincinatti's iconic chili mac and a South Carolina specialty called Country Captain, which involves combining raisins and almonds with chicken curry. "It also gives guests something to look forward to."
The destination dishes proved especially popular during a VIP preview dinner, he said, on April 22, that accommodated some 300 guests.
As for his combined duties, Ticarro, who has worked in the restaurant industry for 25 years, shrugs it off. "It's stressful, but it's just the normal kind of stress." He finds the role "liberating." A lot of times, "the chef's got a great idea, but maybe the GM doesn't really want to do it. It's just a lot easier to hold one person accountable."
Forum opens for lunch Monday through Friday at 11 a.m. The dinner menu begins at 4 p.m., with no disruption in between, and food service continues until 10 p.m. Forum offers a happy hour menu every day of the week, from 4–6 p.m.
A weekend breakfast and lunch menu is served from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays.
New owner, big improvements for St. Anthony Main's Aster Café
The owner of a successful coffee house in Excelsior, Minn., has bought Aster Café, at 125 SE Main St., and plans to reopen the coffee and wine bar on May 17.
Matty O'Reilly, whose 318 Café in Excelsior has won praise for its carefully selected hot beverage options and its live music programming, signed a purchase agreement for the Aster Café in the first week of April. O'Reilly plans to keep the café's name but says that he envisions "substantial, whole-sale changes" in terms of service and offerings. He noted that Jim Rimarcik, who owns the building that houses the café has been "extremely helpful" with the transition.
The first step is an upgrade of Aster's coffee equipment. O'Reilly sees a tremendous opportunity to revamp the coffee and tea program, he said, and he also plans to build the beer list around local breweries, American craft beers and Belgian beers. Wine will be offered, and the small kitchen will turn out a "new level of contemporary café food." O'Reilly also promised a regular schedule of live music. The 318 Café, now in its sixth year, has drawn notable musicians in the past, including members of the Jayhawks and Soul Asylum.
Sandwich shop to introduce efficient, self-serve kiosks
A mom-and-pop sandwich shop will use a new technology to help Downtown workers maximize their lunch breaks.
Simple Sandwich, slated to open in the Fifth Street Towers skyway in June, has announced plans to use self-serve kiosks in the shop, allowing customers to skip the cash register and go directly to the pick-up line.
Owner Melinda Thiesen, who has developed the business with her sister and brother-in-law, says the process is similar to self-service check-in at the airport. "You go in, you build your sandwich on-screen, you swipe your credit card, and then you just grab your sandwich and go." Simple Sandwich will also take orders on-line, Thiesen said, to further reduce wait time.
"We're really trying to get people in and out so that they can enjoy more of their lunch hour," she said. Thiesen believes Simple Sandwich will be the first lunch spot Downtown to use such technology.
The sandwich shop will also have a traditional cash register, staffed by an employee, Thiesen said, for customers who wish to pay in cash or who would prefer to interact with a live person.
The Local continues to top world in Jameson sales
For the fourth year in a row, the pub that has sold the most Jameson Irish Whiskey in the world is not located in Ireland, but right here on Nicollet Mall.
The Local Irish Pub set a new record for Jameson sales in 2009, selling 775 cases of the whiskey, or about 25 bottles per day.
The Local's signature drink, the Big Ginger, has been the key to the bar's Jameson dominance. Estimates suggest that 72 percent of 2009's Jameson sales were for Big Gingers.
"For an unprecedented four years, this bar in Minneapolis has consistently surpassed pubs in cities known for their large Irish and Irish American populations," said Simon Fay, a regional director for Irish Distillers, Ltd.
On May 20, a daylong celebration at the Local will feature $4 Big Gingers and the pub's Chicken Shots, a popular menu item prepared with a Jameson glaze. In a ceremony planned for 4:30 p.m., top executives from the Irish Distillers Limited group in Dublin, Ireland, will present a plaque to owner Kieran Folliard, in honor of his pub's accomplishment.
St. Anthony Main loses a 'spicy one'
After only three years in operation, Picosa, the Latin fusion restaurant and weekend dance club, has closed. The space at 65 Main St. SE has been dark since April 1, but official confirmation of the closure didn't emerge until the end of last month.
Picosa, which translates literally to "spicy one," boasted a Latin cuisine menu that looked way south of Mexico, finding inspiration in the diverse customs of South America. The bar, which hosted a popular salsa night early in its lifespan, also offered many specialty, high-end cocktails.
The Riverplace location was previously occupied by Sophia's Jazz Club.
American Craft Magazine to move into Grain Belt Brewery
Five months after announcing its relocation from New York City to Minneapolis, the American Craft Council has settled on an office space. In August 2010, the national nonprofit plans to move into the Grain Belt Brewery building, at 79 13th Ave. NE. The American Craft Council is the publisher of American Craft Magazine.
The announcement of the new space coincides with the hiring of new executive director Christopher Amundsen, who had previously served as chief operating officer of the Greater Twin Cities United Way since 2004.
"Minneapolis, one of the country's most vibrant centers for art and craft, provides tremendous opportunities for the Council to enhance its contributions to art and craft communities at a national and local level," said Leilani Duke, chair of the American Craft Council board. "As part of its relocation, The Council plans to house its library — the nation's largest library collection of print and visual materials on American craft — in its new space. Containing more than 6,400 books, 7,000 exhibition catalogs, 700 bound volumes of leading periodicals, a substantial collection of artist files and an accompanying database, the Council's library will be available to the public.
Depot Tavern opening delayed
A First Avenue spokesperson has confirmed that the music venue has pushed back the opening of its new burger-and-hot-dogs joint. Originally slated for May, the Depot is now planned to open sometime in June.
Penco spring clearance sale
Looking to clear out some of its inventory, the North Loop artist supply store continues its spring clearance sale. Sale items have been discounted as much 40 to 90 percent.
Penco's products include presentation and portfolio cases, foamboard and mounting materials, as well as fine art, drafting, graphic design and hobby artist tools.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Magazine
Walker Wins Again
. . . and has some advice for Mitt Romney.
Jun 18, 2012, Vol. 17, No. 38 • By STEPHEN F. HAYES & JOHN MCCORMACK
And now? "I can assure you that his stock as a fundraiser and speaker will skyrocket," says Cameron Sutton, a top Iowa Republican fundraiser who was part of the group that tried to recruit New Jersey governor Chris Christie to run for president. "What we like the most about him is that when he took office he was unwilling to compromise with the liberals and trade unions, and he stuck with his conservative roots. This was key to his victory in 2010 and again in the recall."
Walker says he's eager to campaign for Mitt Romney but won't be part of the Republican ticket. "My wife would kill me! I just had more than half the state vote for me—we made four million voter contacts. People put their lives on hold to help us win. I couldn't walk away from them and from my responsibilities here."
Stephen F. Hayes is a senior writer and John McCormack a staff writer at The Weekly Standard.
Recent Blog Posts
The Weekly Standard Archives
Browse 19 Years of the Weekly Standard


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Seeking Branford, CT day crew
Owner of Colgate 26 seeking day crew and racing crew to sail out of Branford, CT, weekdays and Sunday races
Seeking Branford, CT day crew
I am a novice sailor looking for more experience. I live in Ledyard and would be very interested in crewing for you.
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Risk Factors for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
Carson RC, Butcher JN, et al. Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life. 11th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon; 2000.
Module 10H: ethnicity, culture, and alcohol. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcholism website. Available at: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Social/Module10HEthnicity&Culture/Module10H.html. Accessed April 14, 2007
Stern, TA et al. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2008.
Revision Information
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- Review Date: 02/2014 -
- Update Date: 03/01/2013 -
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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(800) 959-5899
Service Agreement (Electrical Subcontractor)for Your State
This Electrical Subcontractor Services Agreement is between a contractor and a subcontractor who will perform electrical services on either a home or commercial building. It is imperative that this agreement be set out in writing as it details the scope of the work and how much the subcontractor will be paid.
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This Electrical Subcontractor Services Agreement is between a contractor and a subcontractor who is hired to perform electrical work. This subcontractor agreement sets out the terms of the arrangement including the scope of the work, job location and the days and hours the electrical work can be performed and the quality of the workmanship. This agreement also sets forth how much the electrical subcontractor will be paid for the project. It is imperative that this service agreement be set out in writing. A written Electrical Subcontractor Services Agreement will be invaluable if there are disagreements or miscommunications as to the scope of the work to be performed by the subcontractor.
This Electrical Subcontractor Services Agreement contains the following provisions:
Protect yourself and your rights by purchasing this attorney-prepared form.
This attorney-prepared package includes:
This Electrical Subcontractor Services Agreement contains the following provisions:
- Parties: Sets forth the name and address of both the contractor and subcontractor;
- Scope of Work: Sets forth the scope of work to be performed which is set out in specific detail in Schedule 2 to this agreement;
- Quality: Sets forth that the subcontractor shall use trained and experienced workmen and perform all work according to industry standards;
- Payment/Other Expenses: States how much the electrical subcontractor will be paid and any expenses which will be paid by the contractor;
- Insurance: Sets forth the insurance requirements of both the contractor and subcontractor;
- Warranty and Indemnity: Subcontractor warrants the workmanship and materials for a period of five years;
- Term/Termination: Sets out the commencement date and options if either party desires to terminate the agreement;
- Signature: Both the contractor and electrical subcontractor must sign the agreement.
Protect yourself and your rights by purchasing this attorney-prepared form.
This attorney-prepared package includes:
- General Information
- Instructions and Checklist
- Step-by-Step Instructions
- Electrical Subcontractor Services Agreement
Number of Pages13
DimensionsDesigned for Letter Size (8.5" x 11")
EditableYes (.doc, .wpd and .rtf)
UsageUnlimited number of prints
Product number#43444
This is the content of the form and is provided for your convenience. It is not necessarily what the actual form looks like and does not include the information, instructions and other materials that come with the form you would purchase. An actual sample can also be viewed by clicking on the "Sample Form" near the top left of this page.
Electrical Subcontractor
Services Agreement
THIS ELECTRICAL SUB-CONTRACTOR AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is made as of this [date] day of [month], 2011 (the "Agreement Date") by and among
[name], of [address] (the "Contractor"), and
[name], a [address] corporation (the "Sub-Contractor")
WHEREAS, Contractor has obtained contract from the Owner for the installation of electrical equipment at the Property, whose description is stated in Schedule 1-Property Description; and
WHEREAS, Contractor desires certain electrical installation work to be carried out at the Property as per the "Scope of Work" specified in Schedule 2 and Sub-Contractor has agreed to perform such work, on the terms and conditions mentioned herein below;
Now, therefore, the Parties agree as follows:
1.1 Sub-Contractor will perform the work as per specifications mention in Schedule 2-Scope of Work.
1.2 Sub-Contractor will provide the service during normal business hours Monday thru Friday ___ am to ___ pm.
1.3 This agreement is an electrical installation for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment at the Property.
2.1 Sub-Contractor shall use trained and experienced workmen having all necessary skills needed to satisfactorily complete the work. Sub-Contractor shall finish the work on schedule.
2.2 Sub-Contractor shall guarantee all material to be as specified.
2.3 Sub-Contractor shall perform the work in a workmanlike manner according to industry standard practices. Any deviation from agreed specifications, involving extra costs, will be executed only after written confirmation of Contractor is obtained in advance.
3.1 Contractor shall pay an advance payment of $ ____ to Sub-Contractor ___ weeks prior to the commencement of the work. Another payment of $ ___ will be paid, upon completion of 50% of the work. The balance of $___ will be paid upon full and satisfactory completion of the work.
3.2 Any pre-approved additional cost will be paid as per agreement between the Parties.
4.1 Prior to the execution of any work, Sub-Contractor will obtain General Liability Insurance and Workers' Compensation Insurance and will provide Certificates of Insurance to Contractor, with Contractor named as Certificate Holder.
5.1 Sub-Contractor warrants the quality of all materials and workmanship for a period of five years. Any defects in the materials or workmanship will be repaired or replaced at no cost to Contractor.
5.2 Sub-Contractor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Contractor against all claims, liabilities, expenses, costs, loss or damage of whatsoever nature (including legal costs on a full indemnity basis incurred by Contractor) brought against, suffered or incurred by Contractor, and defend any suit brought against Owner, arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing:
a. Any breach of the terms and conditions of this Agreement by the Sub-Contractor;
b. Any act, omission, fraud and negligence or default whatsoever of Sub-Contractor, employees or agents employed by Sub-Contractor to perform its obligations hereunder;
c. Any wrongful, incorrect, dishonest, criminal, fraudulent or negligent work, misfeasance, bad faith, disregard of its duties and obligations hereunder, service, act or omission of /by Sub-Contractor or any of its personnel.
6.1 Term. This Agreement shall commence from the Commencement Date specified in Schedule 1, and continue for a period of ___ years, unless terminated earlier by the Contractor.
6.2 Termination. Contractor shall have the option to terminate this Agreement,
a. in the event that the Sub-Contractor fails to complete any part of the work on the deadlines agreed with Contractor, and as agreed in Schedule 1;
b. in the event that the Sub-Contractor is in material breach of any of its covenants under this Agreement and where capable of remedy, fails to remedy such breach within fifteen (15) days of being notified by Contractor to remedy the breach.
6.3 Without prejudice to any other rights or remedies it may have, Contractor shall have the right at any time to terminate the Agreement forthwith by serving a written notice of termination on Sub-Contractor:
a. Sub-Contractor becomes insolvent or ceases to trade or enters into any composition with its creditors; or
b. A bankruptcy order is made against Sub-Contractor; or
c. A Receiver or an Administrative Receiver is appointed in respect of any of Sub-Contractor 's assets; or
d. An order to wind up Sub-Contractor's business is made or a Liquidator is appointed in respect of Sub-Contractor (otherwise than for the purposes of reconstruction or amalgamation).
e. If Sub-Contractor is prevented from providing the services by any court, other judicial, quasi-judicial, governmental orders, for any reasons attributable to Sub-Contractor.
6.4 Effect of Termination. Notwithstanding any other rights and remedies provided elsewhere in the Agreement, on termination of this Agreement with effect from the effective date of termination and thereafter:
a. Neither Party will represent the other Party in any of its dealings.
b. The expiration or termination of this Agreement for any reason whatsoever shall not affect any obligation of either Party having accrued under the Agreement prior to the expiration or termination of this Agreement and such expiration or termination shall be without prejudice to any liabilities of either Party to the other Party existing at the date of expiration or termination of this Agreement.
7.1 Sub-Contractor agrees to bear all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and costs (including reasonable attorney and other professional fees and expenses) incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by Agreement.
8.1 This Agreement may not be assigned by Sub-Contractor without the prior written consent of the Contractor. Subject to the foregoing, all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the successors and assigns of the parties. Any attempted assignment of this Agreement by the Sub-Contractor in violation of this section shall be null and void.
9.1 Waiver. Any term or provision of this Agreement may be waived at any time by the party entitled to the benefit thereof by a written instrument executed by such party.
9.2 Notices. Any notice, request, demand, waiver, consent, approval or other communication which is required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given only if delivered personally (to the attention of the person identified) to the address of such person maintained on the book and records of the party sending the notice, or sent by telecopy, telegram or by certified mail, postage prepaid, or to such other address as the addressee may have specified in a notice duly given to the sender as provided herein. Such notice, request, demand, waiver, consent, approval or other communication will be deemed to have been given as of the date so delivered or telegraphed or, if mailed, three business days after the date so mailed.
9.3 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and interpreted and enforced in accordance with, the substantive laws of the State of _________.
9.4 No Benefit to Others. The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement are for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their executors, legal representatives, successors and assigns, and they shall not be construed as conferring and are not intended to confer any rights on any other persons.
9.5 Contents of Agreement. This Agreement together with any documents referred to herein set forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersede any prior agreement or understanding of the parties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed by each of the parties hereto, and no claimed amendment, modification, termination or waiver shall be binding unless in writing and signed by the party against whom or which such claimed amendment, modification, termination or waiver is sought to be enforced.
9.6 Severability. Any provision of this Agreement which is invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability without invalidating or rendering unenforceable the remaining provisions hereof, and any such invalidity or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.
9.7 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, which when taken together, shall constitute but one and the same instrument. Any and all counterparts may be executed by facsimile.
10.1 The Parties agree to negotiate in good faith to resolve any dispute between them arising out of, under or in connection with this Agreement. In the event the negotiations do not resolve the dispute to the reasonable satisfaction of the Parties, then each Party shall nominate a person of respectable professional standing and unimpeachable conduct as its representative. These representatives shall, within thirty (30) days of a written request by any Party to call such a meeting, meet in person and shall attempt in good faith to resolve the dispute.
10.2 Upon the Parties being unable to appoint the representatives as aforesaid, or if the disputes cannot be resolved by such representatives in such meeting as aforesaid, then in such an event, the disputes or differences shall be submitted to final and binding arbitration at the request of either Party upon written notice to that effect to the other Party. In the event of such arbitration:
a. Such arbitration shall be in accordance with the rules of American Arbitration Association (or any amendment thereof) (which are deemed to be incorporated in this Agreement by reference). All proceedings of such arbitration shall be in the English language. The venue of arbitration shall be _______.
b. The arbitration panel shall consist of three arbitrators, one arbitrator to be appointed by each of the Parties and the third arbitrator to be appointed by two arbitrators so appointed.
c. Arbitration awards rendered shall be final and binding and. The losing Party, as determined by arbitrators, shall pay all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred by the prevailing Party, as determined by the arbitrators, in connection with any dispute unless the arbitrators direct otherwise.
d. Nothing shall preclude a Party from seeking interim or permanent equitable or injunctive relief, or both, from any court having jurisdiction to grant the same. The pursuit of equitable or injunctive relief shall not be a waiver of the duty of the Parties to pursue any remedy for actual monetary damages through the arbitration described in this Section.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Party hereto has signed, or caused to be signed by its officer thereunto duly authorized, this Agreement as of the date first above written.
Upgrades & Improvements
[ ] Home Lighting Design
[ ] Fan Installation
[ ] Exhaust Fan Installation
[ ] Electrical Inspections
[ ] Electrical Upgrades
[ ] Hi-tech Troubleshooting
[ ] Child-proof Outlets
[ ] Specialty Receptacles
[ ] Soffit Outlet Installation
[ ] Electrical Safety Inspections
[ ] Track and Accent Lighting
[ ] Shock Prevention Devices
[ ] Circuit Breaker Replacement
[ ] Ballast and Bulb Replacement
[ ] Wireless Lighting Controls
Specialty Lighting
[ ] Landscape Lighting
[ ] Bath Lighting
[ ] Kitchen Lighting
[ ] Recessed Lighting
[ ] Holiday Lighting
[ ] Energy Saving Lighting Solutions
Safety & Security
[ ] Surge Protection
[ ] Motion Sensors
[ ] Wiring Upgrades
[ ] Smoke/CO Detectors
[ ] Transfer Switches
[ ] Dedicated Circuits
[ ] Home Electrical Safety
[ ] Home Standby Generators
Energy Savings
[ ] Power Conditioners
[ ] Ceiling Fan Installation
[ ] Lighting Controls
[ ] Home Energy Efficiency


text:
(Updates with excerpt from ruling in fourth paragraph.)
Feb. 22 (Bloomberg) -- BP Plc and Anadarko Petroleum Corp. are liable for Clean Water Act violations, a judge ruled, allowing the U.S. to seek fines of as much as $1,100 per barrel spilled in the Gulf of Mexico in the 2010.
BP and Anadarko, partners in the doomed Deepwater Horizon project, are responsible by law for polluting the water because they owned the doomed Macondo well project, U.S. District Judge Carl Barbier in New Orleans said today. The ruling allows the government to seek fines without having to prove the issue of liability at trial.
Transocean Ltd., the Switzerland-based owner and operator of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig that exploded, can't be held liable for Clean Water Act violations yet, Barbier wrote in today's ruling. The issue has to be determined at trial.
"BP and Anadarko are liable for civil penalties under the act because they are both owners of the offshore facility from which oil discharged," Judge Barbier said.
"There are disputed facts as to whether Transocean meets" the definition of an operator of the offshore facility, Barbier said. "Accordingly the court cannot resolve this issue on summary judgment."
The Justice Department asked Barbier to find the companies violated the Clean Water Act on the basis of so-called strict liability because they were operators of the doomed project. Strict liability is a legal term for automatic responsibility.
Barbier, who's overseeing much of the spill litigation, has scheduled a nonjury trial for Feb. 27 to determine liability and apportion fault for the disaster. He will also determine whether any defendants were grossly negligent, which would leave the companies subject to enhanced fines under the Clean Water Act.
The case is In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, MDL-2179, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana (New Orleans).
--With assistance from Laurel Brubaker Calkins in Houston; Dawn McCarty in Wilmington, Delaware; and William Barlow in Houston. Editors: Michael Hytha, Fred Strasser
To contact the reporters on this story: Margaret Cronin Fisk in Southfield, Michigan, at firstname.lastname@example.com; Allen Johnson Jr. in New Orleans at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Michael Hytha at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Exceptional view of the sea and the dunes, in a wild and unspoilt environment, ensuring calm and serenity.
Exceptional view of the sea and the dunes, in a wild and unspoilt environment, ensuring calm and serenity.
This detached villa is built at the foot of dunes, in the Bay of Slack, facing the river and facing... Read more
2 rooms in B&B in a typical village of Kochersberg, fertile region of Alsace, 15 km north-west of Strasbourg; close to the wine route.
The rooms are located on the 1st floor of the owner's house. One room has a private sanitary with ba... Read more
Great mansion with swimming pool and games room, quiet, 800 metres from the village, unopposed and free neighbourhood nuisance
Farmhouse of great comfort, classified 4 stars, including the main house with 30 m² kitchen, living... Read more
Mansion of the 1950s which mixes art, comfort and quality of services. Located in the best residential area of Havana.
Mansion with 6 rooms; three of them with King Size beds, with independent bathroom, and 3 small bedr... Read more
The apartments are located in the green hills of the Langhe area, 3 km from Alba, the truffle white, panoramic city, with views of the hills, in the Sun
Around the House there is a large garden with sun loungers, chairs, tables and barbecue. The interio... Read more
Prices include accommodation costs for 4 persons, if less persons also less cost.
Our property is located on outside of Parc le Duc, nice and quiet. The cottage is fully equipped, wa... Read more
Rural tourism house in the center of the Alt Empordà on the Costa Brava. Where you can enjoy a quiet, peaceful and relaxing stay.
Rural house in Alt Empordà, on the Costa Brava. Completely renovated. The House has 5 rooms, all dif... Read more
Country house with private swimming pool and view dominant in a hamlet close to the sea, the camargue and the cevennes.
The farmhouse recently restored (300 m²) with private pool in small village (40 people) 20 kms from... Read more
Prestigious Villa with swimmingpool, Jacuzzi and Finnish Sauna, ideal for visiting the art cities of Tuscany and Umbria
In the heart of Tuscany, between the enchanting landscapes of Siena, Florence, Arezzo, Montepulciano... Read more
We have renovated the old farmhouse from the top to the bottom while retaining the character, the result is a comfortable holiday home for the whole family.
Villa of 12 to 15 people with 7 air-conditioned rooms and jacuzzi for 8 people
Cottage 15 pers with SPA rent weekly, weekend and mid-week rates included: bed linen, towels, bathro... Read more
The cosy gîte of the Château Sainte Colombe is located on the Burgundian countryside and has rooms for 2, 3, 4, 8 and 8 people.
The nearly 400-year-old Château of Sainte Colombe is situated on a slope, in the little village in t... Read more
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Starfleet Marine Corps
View Single Post
December 2 2012, 04:55 PM
Mr. Laser Beam
Fleet Admiral
Location: The visitor's bullpen
Re: Starfleet Marine Corps
King Daniel Into Darkness wrote:
There are no mention of marines in the Trek novelverse.
There is at least one that does,
The Forgotten War
Me, I'm sticking with the suggestion that there are Starfleet Marines. I know it's not canon, but the hell with that. It just makes the most sense. Furthermore, I suggest that the TOS incarnation of them, wears the same kind of uniform as the rest of Starfleet, but in black. Don't tell me that wouldn't look cool.
"Pitching is simple -- cheese for the kitchen and a yakker for the kudo." - Dennis Eckersley
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McIlroy sets course record, Streb in contention at Wells Fargo
The worlds top-ranked golfer, Rory McIlroy shot a course record (-11) on Saturday afternoon to take control of the Wells Fargo Championship.
The worlds top-ranked golfer, Rory McIlroy shot a course record (-11) on Saturday afternoon to take control of the Wells Fargo Championship.
American Pharaoh is now just one win shy of becoming the first horse since 1978 to win the Triple Crown after winning the Preakness Stakes o…
Tornado Watch until 11:00pm for the eastern counties.
Eyebrows raised after records show Governor Sam Brownback uses a private email address to communicate with his staff and others.
Currently being held on $50,000 bond.
Tech giant wants to have them available to consumers within five years
Move is something Kansas farmers have been working towards
Matisse painting was stolen by the Nazis in World War II
Activists protest arrival of giant oil rig in Seattle's Elliot Bay.
There's more than a touch of absurdity in the way an industry fee in President Barack Obama's health care law is being passed along to state…
Abbey hoping to cash in on "smooching" member.
NYC Councilman wants to dim world famous skyline
Officers have one month to finish the 102 page report.
The windshield of the Amtrak train was shattered in the accident but one area of glass had a breakage pattern that could be consistent with …
US commandos kill senior Islamic State commander in Syria
They plan to fly a drone into a tornado.
The father of the 31-year-old pilot, Capt. Chris Norgren, said in Wichita, Kansas, that Marine officials had notified the family that the wr…
Thief using Craigslist to rip off park goers.
The Kansas City Royals scored six runs in the 6th inning, and four runs in the 7th inning en route to a dominating win over the New York Yan…
89-year old King of Blues passed away Friday.
The Kansas State Wildcats made a statement on Friday night with a shutout victory at Kansas.
Bill curbs pensions for public employees and teachers who retire, then return to workplace
After a delay, House will hear arguments the final day of the session.
Deputies say most could have been avoided.
We look at what it took to reach a compromise.


text: Paris Jackson family ask for privacy Jackson 5ive animated show gets release Jacksons reunion tour heads to UK Jermaine Jackson wants end of feud Janet Jackson denies niece Paris scuffle Jermaine Jackson: 'Our family will heal' Katherine Jackson unites family at gig Tito Jackson pulls out of family dispute Jermaine speaks on Michael Jackson will Jackson brothers reunite for 'Unity' tour Jermaine: Conrad Murray doc ridiculous Jermaine: 'Murray needs tough sentence' Tito: Murray should be jailed for life Michael Jackson family plan Tokyo gig? David Gest presents Michael Jackson film C4 Jackson doc faking charges dropped C4 denied gag on Jackson doc libel case Promoter threatens to sue Tito Jackson Jacksons 'always feel brother's presence' Jackson brothers 'to star in reality series' Tito: 'Jacksons keep each other strong' Tito Jackson: 'Michael was born with it' Tito Jackson: 'I forgive Conrad Murray' Jacksons to appear in reality show Tito 'to play Michael songs on tour' Tito Jackson: 'Michael is children's dad' Family 'confronted Jackson over drug use' Tito: 'Michael would want Neverland burial' 'Jackson 4' to play O2 tribute show? Tito wants Jackson 5 reunion at O2


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Pronunciation: skogsturken
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charities - Page 2
Cancer Charity Cash Used To Buy Luxury Cars In NJ
Today, State Attorney General Jeff Chiesa and the New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs announced a settlement agreement with defendants accused of fraudulently using a cancer charity's tax exempt status to purchase millions of dollars' worth of luxury cars without paying sales tax. The defendants exported the vehicles across Europe, Asia, and North America.
Dogs Helping the Lives of Wounded Warriors
Please Support Austin's Army this Sunday August 19th
South Jersey Charity Helps To Replace Search And Rescue Dogs [AUDIO]
The Search and Rescue Dog Foundation, Inc. was hatched in the aftermath of 9/11, as the brainchild of heroic volunteer Sarah Atlas.
Dennis is Shaving His Head Today for St. Baldrick's
The time has finally come. Dennis Malloy and a few other NJ 101.5 staffers will be shaving their heads this afternoon for St. Baldrick's Foundation. Today June 10th, at County Line Hardware in Jackson, Dennis will be going bald. This is your last chance to donate to help children with cancer.
Help Dennis Malloy Raise Money For St. Baldrick's
A few weeks ago a NJ 101.5 listener called into the Dennis and Judi Show and asked Dennis if he would shave his head for St. Baldrick's. Not only has Dennis agreed to shave his head, but a few other NJ 101.5 staffers may also shave their heads for St. Baldrick's. The money raised goes to help fight childhood cancer. Keep reading to find out how you can help.
Help a Loyal Listener Raise Money for JDRF
Register for the 2012 Relay For Life of Marlton
NJ Non-Profits Struggling to Stay Above Water [AUDIO]
The economy continues to slowly improve, more jobs are being created and the stock market continues to climb, but Jersey non-profits are still struggling.


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Between that and your Vivaldi workout mixtape you're ready for a great jog!
So, these are the uniforms that the United States Athletes will be sporting during the London Olympics opening ceremony (happening today!). What do you think, folks? I'm not entirely sold on this pseudo-military beret we have going on, and the Polo logo seems totally out of place. But hey, at least when the games are over we can just ship these things off faux-Navy uniforms. The military could really use a touch of style, eh?
Check out all of the live coverage of the opening ceremony and all of your Olympic news and LOLs at our special ROFLympics site!
First we just have to relieve your brain of that flesh-eating parasite.


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25 CFR 37.102 - How is this part organized?
This part is divided into three subparts. Subpart A applies to all Bureau-funded schools. Subpart B applies only to day schools, on-reservation boarding schools, and peripheral dorms—in other words, to all Bureau-funded schools except off-reservation boarding schools. Subpart C applies only to off-reservation boarding schools (ORBS).
Title 25 published on 2014-04-01
no entries appear in the Federal Register after this date.


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Winter Storm Affects Large Swath Of Southern States
An abandoned vehicle blocks a lane of traffic on Durham Freeway 147... News PhotoAbandoned,Durham - North Carolina,Horizontal,Ice,Mode of Transport,North Carolina - State,Snow,Traffic,Turning,USA,Weather,WinterPhotographer Sara D. DavisCollection: Getty Images News 2014 Getty ImagesDURHAM, NC - FEBRUARY 12: An abandoned vehicle blocks a lane of traffic on Durham Freeway 147 as compacted snow turns into ice on February 12, 2014 in Durham, North Carolina. Snow fell hard and fast in central North Carolina, resulting in abandoned cars and vehicular accidents by mid-afternoon. (Photo by Sara D. Davis/Getty Images)because


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Shark Hanlon has the Ryanair Chase as his priority for Hidden Cyclone as the County Carlow trainer's star appeared as one of the 39 entries for the Cheltenham Festival event on March 14.
The list also includes last year's winner Riverside Theatre and dual Ryanair hero Albertas Run, who was second a season ago.
A clutch of horses with engagements in the other key races at the meeting are also entered, including Flemenstar, Sir Des Champs, Sizing Europe and First Lieutenant.
Hidden Cyclone took on three of those names on his most recent appearance in the Lexus Chase, where he made most of the running but weakened to finish eighth.
He had won his two prior starts in smaller chases and Hanlon believes the intermediate trip of the Ryanair will be more appropriate.
"We are looking at the Ryanair Chase with Hidden Cylone because I felt he didn't stay three miles at Leopardstown the last day," he said.
"He came out of the Lexus really well but he just got too excited before the race and pulled too hard during it. I think going a stride quicker over two and a half will suit him a lot better.
"He goes for the Leopardstown Handicap Chase first and from there he will go for the Ryanair. I don't think the track at Cheltenham will hold any fears for him but my only concern would be if the ground came up real quick."
Colin Tizzard could be represented by impressive Haldon Gold Cup scorer Cue Card, while Philip Hobbs has entered Menorah, who won the rearranged Peterborough Chase at Kempton Park over Christmas.
29 May 2015Buick hits top gear at Newmarket
Bellajeu camp on weather watch
Tiana out to peak in Pinnacle
Botti bides time with Angel
Terrific Treve back with a bang
Candy sweet on Limato chance
Sole set for Stand defence
Ansgar ready for Jury duty
Commemorative holds Ascot option
Pretend ruled out of Achilles
Peacock on display at Newmarket
Hannon confident on Moheet trip
Muthmir takes Chantilly test
Autumn aims for Charming
Ballycorus on Cappella agenda
Wandjina and Beau enjoy Ascot prep
Classy Consort takes Heron spoils
Hymn hits right note
Force just irresistible at Sandown
King for a day at Sandown
Clouds gathered for Stratford
Sumbal set to stay at home
Staying big guns in Irish Leger
Telescope sights fixed on Hardwicke
Mel Brittain dies, aged 71
28 May 2015Broken wrist for Colliver
Moheet given Epsom go-ahead
Henderson ponders Simonsig plan
'Remarkable' Treve ready to roll
Osaila has Coronation goal
Sleepy time in Tercentenary
Unlucky break for Heskin
No Oaks bid for Pamona
Ton-up celebration for Master
Newton bounces back at Gowran
Dettori set for Chrome Ascot gallop
Stellar entry for Irish Champion
Simenon back on Gold Cup trail
Tryster takes acid test
Mile stars headline Sussex entry
Naas beckons for Toscanini
Medicean poised for weekend run
27 May 2015Colliver hurt in Cartmel fall
Karpino to stay at home
Pankhurst to miss Royal Ascot
Treve stars in Corrida field
Epsom forecast as Thunder aim
Tac team happy to bide time
Raydara in season during Guineas
Life's a Beach for Levins
Ervedya given Royal approval
Haggas on War footing for Ascot
Oaks trip to suit Legatissimo
Coronation up Dolniya's street
Ribbons may cut a dash to Curragh
Gosden duo at ease for Brigadier
Derby duo gives Gosden glee
Found remains in Derby hat
Park satisfies in Epsom spin
26 May 2015Double sets welcome mark for Gask
Rain would boost Sand Ascot dream
Karaktar on track for French Derby
Punters' Pal Set For Musselburgh
Simenon bids for Henry II rule
Angel of the north has Royal aim
Treve delights Head-Maarek
Epicuris heads to Epsom
Fire lit up for Redcar gold run
Park set for Epsom 'sighter'
Karpino oozes class in Cologne
Limato set for Haydock weekend run
Moviesta pleases in Curragh spin
Leisure date for Lucky
Prince to step up
Cirrus likely to bypass Epsom
Ascot option for Devonshire