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Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
RE: Shooby
Sorry, I can't bottle/sell my wife's adventurous spirit, but I can give you some suggestions -- keep in mind these are just suggestions:
Couples are always looking for new and exciting things to do together. My suggestion (even if you have already taken the course) is to buy the both of you a gift sign up the both of you for the California Motorcyclist Safety Program.
For you it may be a refresher course (which I think is a good thing for everybody) but for your wife it is a great opportunity to pilot a motorcycle and earn her motorcycle license a great confidence builder. Remember, even if things are not going well, constantly encourage her. Let her know that you are excited about the idea of her getting her license and excited to share the experience of the class with her. Do not make it a competition or pressure her to pass the first time.
After she gets her motorcycle license, consider buying her a new motorcycle. On their finger or directly under their butt, women like shiny new things.
Plan a small trip and I mean small under 200 miles, with plenty of stops at places where she can relax and shop. And pick a place with a good restaurant. Make your wife as comfortable as possible.
On your next small trip you can be more adventurous. Keep it in the low 200's and maybe even make it an overnight/weekend trip. Plan to do your first night at a campground and your second night at a B&B or Spa Hotel. A B&B or Spa will have the amenities that people love, but if you select (and show off) the right campsite you can begin to introduce her to the wonders of adventure travel and camping. Once again, your wife's comfort is the key to her enjoyment of the journey and will hopefully make her interested in more and more motorcycle travel. Be sure to take the initiative when it comes to the campsite work (unless she wants to help); and, once again, share the experience teach rather than lead and enjoy the adventure together.
Hopefully over time this will kindle an interest in more and more adventure-style motorcycle travel for the both of you.
If you both have the chance to attend an event like the AMA International Women & Motorcycling Conference (http://www.americanmotorcyclist.com/...ndmotorcycling) where she can meet other women who have experienced adventure travel, do not pass it up. My wife went to the last event they had in 2012 and she loved it. She loved meeting fellow women riders and sharing their experiences.
The above are just suggestions. Some people just don't have a interest or desire to adventure travel by motorcycle and that's fine. The trick is to balance your interest in adventure travel with the relationship you have with your spouse.
Good luck, ride safe and keep me posted on your wife's progress.
-Mike and Jasmine Cardwell
Joined: Dec 2012
Location: San Diego
Oddometer: 1,012
Thanks for your time, input & good advice. Typical story w/ me: Rode "back in the day" gave it up for skydiving pursuits, then marriage, job, blah, blah. Time again to get a bike so went thru MSF a year ago, been to training at Motoventures in Anza and riding almost daily. Wife actually is intrigued with it but hesitant so I'll let her make the choice on her own accord. In the meantime I keep her updated with reports such as these and my own rides. And yes, showing her the new shiny bikes on the showroom floor. She's also showing interest in attending regional meet ups, and although she does like camping (she just likes Ritz's more..) , nice facilities will serve to grease to the skids, so to speak.
Safe travels to you two, we'll be following.
Moto rider
Joined: Dec 2005
Location: HOME (at least for now)
Oddometer: 5,144
So where are you starting this trip and where do you plan to go?
Ride safe!
Chapter 3 of my life...... with Faith, Hope and Courage!
Ride of my Lifetime...... Thread started 5/11/2011 http://advrider.com/forums/showthrea...0#post15950430
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
RE: Shooby
Skydiving Ballsy!! Good for you! I went skydiving one time (a tandem jump with an instructor strapped to my back) and I thought to myself, okay, that is off my list, I dont have to do that again. You have my respect.
Your wife likes camping! Your half way there! Get her the license and off you go to see the world.
Thanks for following. Take care, stay in touch and ride safe.
-Mike and Jasmine Cardwell
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
RE: Radioman
We are starting from San Diego, CA, USA (32° 48.108'N 117° 15.045'W).
Here is our plan open to change:
My wife is a Japanese Citizen she asked me if she can see America, so the first year we will be traveling mostly in the US (including Alaska) & Canada. We have not decided what we will do during the winter months. We have two choices: 1.) ride south into Mexico & Central America; or, 2.) spend some time with family in the southern states (North & South Carolina and/or Florida). I think we are leaning towards option #2. My wife is a fairly new rider, she has only had her motorbike license for two years, she may need a little break after so much time in the saddle.
If we decide to go with option #2 we will make arrangements to ship our motorbikes to Europe in the Spring of 2014. We will ride in Europe until winter and then go to Morocco (maybe southern Italy or Greece) until the spring of 2015 and then ride across Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia back to her home country of Japan. I have always wanted to live in a foreign country so we will spend some time in Japan before going to Korea, Australia, New Zealand then over to either Santiago, Chile, or Buenos Aires, Argentina, and work our way back to the USA through South and Central America.
Once again, this plan is completely open to change at any time we will go where the good weather takes us.
Take care and ride safe.
-Mike and Jasmine Cardwell
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
Website 'facelift' for our Living Our Dream Tour
Decided to give my website (http://www.mikesworldtour.com) a facelift for this next installment of motorcycle travel. It is not live yet. I just wanted to see what kind of feedback the new look will get.
I look forward to your suggestions.
Ride safe and keep in touch.
-Michael and Jasmine
One day at a time!
Joined: Jul 2009
Location: MN. (summers) AZ. (winters)
Oddometer: 701
Very unique....
This is all completely totally awesome! It's full of energy everywhere you look! Thanks for doing this. Good luck to both of you and stay safe.
Gary "Oldone"
Grampa's Lake Superior Ride
Grampa's National Monument Ride
Oldone screwed with this post 07-16-2013 at 04:48 PM
Joined: Dec 2012
Location: San Diego
Oddometer: 1,012
I like it. Unique indeed. Intuitive tabs.
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
RE: Oldone
Thanks for the feedback. I hope you enjoy following our adventures here and on my website.
Ride Safe and stay in touch.
-Mike and Jasmine
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
RE: Shooby
Thanks Shooby,
Ride safe and keep in touch.
-Mike and Jasmine Cardwell
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
Living Our Dream Tour (Part II) The Power of... Power
Living Our Dream Tour (Part II) The Power of... Power
My wife (samurai-rider.com) and I (mikesworldtour.com) are tooling our way up the coast at a nice leisurely pace. Enjoying some of the sights and meeting up with friends and saying our goodbyes.
I have debated and discussed, over and over, with many different people the pros and cons of what 'electronics' I should bring/use on my trip. When I did my first trip around the world I made sure that I had at least one camera that ran on good ol' fashioned AA's. However; with the benefits of increasing technology (camera equipment, communications equipment, computers, tracking devices) the makers of these devices have needed to use prosperity batteries to get longer and longer life from their devices.
I have made it a point to bring some good cameras as-well-as some popular cameras (GoPro) to see how they function. But now I face the need for 'power'. Vast quantities of 'power' every evening to make sure everything is running properly the next day or two.
You can charge a few devices off the auxiliary plug on the motorcycle while running, but I do not fancy the idea of a dead motorbike battery in the morning if I charge everything off the bike while I sleep. Which leads me to making sure I get a campsite with power. Well, that is what I should have done! In an effort to safe a few $$$ the first few evenings we reserved campsites with no power/no water. And now, as I reach for my camera to take a picture that will tell an amazing story I find myself at a loss.
I will make sure to do better in the future with my 'power' usage.
Ride safe and keep in touch.
-Mike and Jasmine
Our Tracking --
PreTrip Equipment Testing --
Saying Goodbye To Our King Sized Tempur-Pedic --
Outside Our Favorite Donuts Shop (Surfin' Donuts) --
Check Them Out And Get The Jalapeño, Ham & Cheese Sandwich --
One Of My Wife's Best Friends (Hitomi) --
Saying Farewell To Our Best Friends (L) Matt Youmans (R) Russ Heim --
Ventura Ranch KOA, 7400 Pine Grove Road, Santa Paula, CA 93060 --
Jasmine Enjoying Route 1 On The California Coast --
Hearst Castle --
Hearst Castle Pool --
Samurai-Rider and Hearst Sculpture --
Taking A Break Is A Good Thing --
Gourmet Breakfast (Fruit & Oatmeal) --
Foggy But Still 'Golden' --
See Ladies... Not That Difficult --
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
Living Our Dream Tour (Part III) Thick Marine-Layer & National Parks Move Us In-Land
Living Our Dream Tour (Part III) – Thick Marine-Layer & National Parks Move Us In-Land
Riding the Northern California Coast is amazing. The roads are fantastic, and the views are spectacular... when you can see them. As we pass through San Francisco, we visit some more friends; but, begin to experience a thick marine-layer and overcast skies. No worries, the interior of Oregon (north of the great Redwood Trees of California) offers us the Oregon Caves National Monument and the Crater Lake National Park (as-well-as some fantastic riding).
After our visit to these amazing National Parks we continue North to Portland, OR, for 2 days in the 'big' city and a break from camping for 'Samurai-Rider'.
Portland's "Keep Portland Weird" motto lives up to its name with fantastic sights, sounds and food. From here we duck south towards Salem, OR, for the BMW MOA International Rally (http://bmwmoa.org/TheRally.aspx), July 18-21, 2013.
Look for 'Samurai-Rider' (her bike has a little "bling" on the front windscreen") and say "Hi"!
Ride safe and keep in touch.
-Mike and Jasmine
Our Tracking --
Jasmine's Friend Nanaka –
Golden Gate PMP Warrior (http://www.pmpwarrior.org/) –
Evan and Joanne 'GearChic' Donn –
Time for a 'Cow' Picture (cows are kawaii) –
The beautiful (yet gloomy) California Coast (part 1) –
The beautiful (yet gloomy) California Coast (part 2) –
Campsite Japanese Curry (part 1) –
Campsite Japanese Curry (part 2) –
'Drive Thru' Redwood –
Redwood National & State Parks –
Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox –
Not your average trees (Part 1) –
Not your average trees (Part 2) –
Not your average trees (Part 3) –
Not your average trees (Part 4) –
Smokey Bear –
A new state under 'Samurai-Rider's' belt –
Oregon Caves National Monument –
The Caves (Part 1) –
The Caves (Part 2) –
The Caves (Part 3) –
The Caves (Part 4) –
Beer... my friend, your friend, everybody's friend –
New State Sticker!! –
Crater Lake National Park –
CEnjoying the ride to Crater Lake –
Crater Lake –
Who wants to teach this young lady how to ride? –
Crater Lake area –
Crater Lake snow in July –
The legend of 'Mikes famous campsite spaghetti' continues to grow –
A much deserved break from camping –
Keep Portland Weird, live up to its motto –
Japanese comfort food... curry –
Portland Farmers Market with Salted/Caramel Ice Cream –
Portland Farmers Market –
Voodoo Donuts (Part 1) –
Voodoo Donuts (Part 2) –
mikesworldtour screwed with this post 08-08-2013 at 01:37 PM Reason: correcting a mistake - wrong name for THE BEAR
Joined: Dec 2012
Location: San Diego
Oddometer: 1,012
If your still there, this is a great place. Lots of top shelf "friends" there.
13th & Burnside.
In case you head downriver, (Astoria, my hometown) I can point you to some great sights and whatnot. Good timing, July is the best time to be in stumptown (pdx). Have fun at the Rally
Gnarly Adventurer
Joined: Aug 2011
Location: Pacific NW
Oddometer: 330
Sure looks like you two are having fun! Will be looking for you at the rally!
The best executive is one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done and self restraint enough to keep from meddling with them while they do it. Theodore Roosevelt
Joined: Dec 2004
Location: San Diego, California
Oddometer: 38
RE: Shooby
Thanks Shooby, but we missed your information by a day. We are now just south of Salem, OR, at a campsite and will be in Salem for the next few days at the BMW MOA Rally.
Will you be there?? Look for my wife and I and say "HI" -- if not now worries. We will post a report for you.
Keep in touch and ride safe.
-Mike and Jasmine
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The Alumni Magazine of the University of Sydney Business School
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Read about three people who "lead by example". One is at the cutting edge of digital commerce. Another is a teacher with an innovative approach to management education. The third is an entrepreneur who is demonstrating by example that doing good can be profitable.
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This holiday beverage will greet your guests with a wonderful aroma. If desired, garnish cider with orange slices studded with whole cloves.
1 gallon apple cider
1 cup orange juice
1/2 teaspoon McCormick® Pure Orange Extract
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2 teaspoons McCormick® Cloves, Whole
1 teaspoon McCormick® Allspice, Whole
Mix all ingredients in 6 to 8-quart saucepot. Cook on low heat 30 minutes or until hot. Remove whole spices before serving.
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Spiced Apple Cider: Use 1 tablespoon McCormick® Apple Pie Spice in place of the cinnamon sticks, whole cloves and whole allspice.
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Web Letter
Professor Williams,
I have been reading your column in The Nation as long as it has appeared--with consistent appreciation and pleasure. I remember when your name was bruited about as a possible nominee to the Supreme Court!
Your most recent column has affected me even more strongly than any of its predecessors. I only wish that this were a moment on one of The Nation's Cruises, and that I could momentarily look into your face and say----I tremble at the thought! I have never chosen to join a Nation Cruise, because I can't imagine doing it without a partner (I'm a hopeless romantic).
May I merely be allowed to say that I consider myself privileged to be alive at the same time as you are!
Wallace M. Hoski
San Diego, California
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Trendspotting: Fun with Send-Offs
March 22, 2012 | Category: Latest Trends
Wishing the bride and groom well at the end of the night can go from traditional to the absolutely unique. From creatively-packaged confetti to beautiful sky lanterns, these photos will inspire you to have an even sweeter end to a perfect evening!
row 1: ribbon send-off photography by junebug company via wedding chicks | pink sparklers pinned here
row 2: paper lanterns pinned here | paper cones of confetti pinned here via green wedding shoes


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If you've read any rumors, you'd know that the only existing versions of the 2001 songs were recorded by a fan known as Rock Babe at a summer concert. Sadly, this is probably the only versions we'll ever hear... :( But 100% Aqua, they confirmed 4 titles for the 2001 album: Shakin' Stevens, Hi-Fi Sterio, Wow Wow Wow and Couch Potato.
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Diabetes Health Center
Type 2 Diabetes: Coping With the News
In Denial continued...
But diabetes does not have to take over your life. With just a few lifestyle changes, it can be controlled, Phillips says. "It doesn't require hours of time every day."
Controlling blood sugar is Priority No. 1: "You have to check your blood sugar before you eat -- four, maybe five times a day. It takes about a minute each time," Phillips explains. "Taking a pill takes no time at all. Even if you need an insulin injection, that's less than a minute or two. You have to think about what you eat, but that will not require hours." Even regular exercise (like walking) takes half an hour maximum, a few days a week.
Ignore at Your Own Risk
Treatments for type 2 diabetes are light-years better than 40 years ago, even 10 years ago. "The medications are better, blood testing meters are better, it's not like it used to be," says Schafer. "I tell people, 'Bad things happen, but they don't have to happen to you.'"
Ignore medical advice -- but at your own peril. "If you don't take care of yourself, you'll be seeing your doctors again in a few years," she says. "You're going to be back with eye problems, kidney problems, burning and tingling of the feet and hands, in pain, suffering, and scared. You need to take care of it now."
If you feel anxious about all this, talk with your social worker, Schafer says. Some patients benefit from seeing a psychologist or psychiatrist. Some take medication for their anxiety and depression. Sometimes hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) masquerades as anxiety, so it's important to have the problem addressed.
Also, find a diabetes support group, she suggests. "That's where people find the motivation they need. A support group gives a feeling of hope. People know each other like family. It's a wonderful thing. They get strength, support from each other. They help each other deal with this thing in their lives."
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Congratulations on taking steps to manage your health.
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Your level is high if this reading was taken before eating. Aim for 70-130 before meals and less than 180 two hours after meals.
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Inbox: How can Tampa Bay prevent more injuries?
Beat reporter Bill Chastain answers questions from Rays fans
With all of the injuries the Rays have had, when is somebody going to check out the team's training staff? Two words: Preventative care.
-- Bob R., Richmond, Va.
I couldn't disagree with you more, Bob. First, from what I observe, the care the players get from the training staff is amazing. And if you want some numbers, consider this: Chris Archer and Jake Odorizzi began the 2014 season as the Rays' No. 4 and No. 5 starters, respectively, and haven't missed a start since. Tampa Bay has filled the other three spots with 12 pitchers in that span, giving the team 14 starters in 210 games. From 2008-13, the club used a Major League-low 20 starting pitchers in 973 games. The training staff has been a constant throughout the years. So I would conclude that the laws of probability finally caught up to the Rays' pitching staff, not that the training staff is lacking. Remember, throwing a baseball is not the most natural motion.
Bill Chastain is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Tualatin Heritage Center - Tualatin Heritage Center's mission and purpose is to preserve the city's oldest church as a family learning center to interpret the area's rich and colorful history, celebrate its diverse cultures, share its creative endeavors and teach about the natural environment of the Tualatin area. The church was hand-built in 1926 by local residents and was originally known as the Community Methodist Church and later became the Tualatin United Methodist Church. It served until 1982 when a new building replaced it.
Read more at Travel Oregon
Tualatin Heritage Center
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A Plethora of Video Inputs/Outputs
The VRVD630 gives you a variety of inputs and outputs to customize your DVD experience. You can connect an Auxiliary video or audio source such as a PS2, Satellite Radio, iPod, or any other source. The supplied cable allows you to connect a video source through a 3.5mm jack. You can use the Dual RCA to Mini Male Stereo Adapter to connect the audio sources and the Planet Waves Mini-Stereo to RCA Adapter to connect the video source. If your source uses a mini-stereo out, then you can connect the source directly.
Another way to view video is the USB and the SD Card slots. You can watch MPEG4 and DIVX files right from the USB flash drive or SD card. The DVD Deck is compatible with both NTSC and PAL sources so you have a broader choice of video to choose from. The device reads ID3 tags to display information about each song. You can easily select the songs you want to listen to and enjoy the on-screen display to easily view the upcoming songs.
MP3/WMA Playback
You can play MP3's or WMA from CD's, DVD's, USB, or SD. Although the VRVD630 can play a variety of files, it won't play mixed content on discs or the flash drives. It will play either all MP3, DIVX, or MPEG4 files from the selected source.
Audiophile Quality
The VRVD630 offers great sound features that will blow your socks off. The onboard amp supplies 180 watts of raw power. If that's not enough for you then you can use the two pairs of pre-amp outputs to connect to external amplifiers for increased audio response. To further pound out your rockin' jams, you can use the sub-woofer out signal to control a subwoofer directly from the deck. This provides you with five channels to control your surround sound system. If you have digital receivers, the VRVD630 can use the RCA outs as SPDIF digital outputs to supply your speakers with pure and clear sounds.
Easy To Use
The VRVS630 is easy for anyone to use. The supplied remote gives you access to multiple options and features to better control your DVD deck. The deck itself is comes in the standard single DIN size and is easy to install and universal for any car, truck, van, or boat. You won't be disappointed with the VR3 VRVD630.
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19.1 su runs a shell with ownership set to root, and hence has to be terminated with exit. su - romeo runs a shell with romeo as its owner and whose environment is created as if romeo has logged in.
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Golden rice
Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice.[1] The research was conducted with the goal of producing a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A,[2] a deficiency which is estimated to kill 670,000 children under the age of 5 each year.[3]
Golden rice differs from its parental strain by the addition of three beta-carotene biosynthesis genes. The scientific details of the rice were first published in Science in 2000,[1] the product of an eight-year project by Ingo Potrykus of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and Peter Beyer of the University of Freiburg. At the time of publication, golden rice was considered a significant breakthrough in biotechnology, as the researchers had engineered an entire biosynthetic pathway.
In 2005, a new variety called Golden Rice 2, which produces up to 23 times more beta-carotene than the original golden rice, was announced.[4] Although golden rice was developed as a humanitarian tool, it has met with significant opposition from environmental and anti-globalization activists. Studies have found that golden rice poses no risk to human health, and multiple field tests have taken place with no adverse side-effects to participants.[5]
Golden Rice was one of seven winners of the 2015 Patents for Humanity Awards by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.[6][7]
Golden rice was designed to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible part of rice, the endosperm. The rice plant can naturally produce beta-carotene in its leaves, where it is involved in photosynthesis. However, the plant does not normally produce the pigment in the endosperm, where photosynthesis does not occur. A key breakthrough was the discovery that a single phytoene desaturase gene (bacterial CrtI) can be used to produce lycopene from phytoene in GM tomato, rather than having to introduce the multiple carotene desaturases that are normally used by higher plants.[8] Lycopene is then cyclized to beta-carotene by the endogenous cyclase in Golden Rice.[9]
Golden rice was created by transforming rice with only two beta-carotene biosynthesis genes:
- psy (phytoene synthase) from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)
- crtI (carotene desaturase) from the soil bacterium Erwinia uredovora
(The insertion of a lcy (lycopene cyclase) gene was thought to be needed, but further research showed it is already being produced in wild-type rice endosperm.)
The psy and crtI genes were transformed into the rice nuclear genome and placed under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, so they are only expressed in the endosperm. The exogenous lcy gene has a transit peptide sequence attached so it is targeted to the plastid, where geranylgeranyl diphosphate formation occurs. The bacterial crtI gene was an important inclusion to complete the pathway, since it can catalyze multiple steps in the synthesis of carotenoids up to lycopene, while these steps require more than one enzyme in plants.[10] The end product of the engineered pathway is lycopene, but if the plant accumulated lycopene, the rice would be red. Recent analysis has shown the plant's endogenous enzymes process the lycopene to beta-carotene in the endosperm, giving the rice the distinctive yellow color for which it is named.[11] The original golden rice was called SGR1, and under greenhouse conditions it produced 1.6 µg/g of carotenoids.
Subsequent development[edit]
Golden rice has been bred with local rice cultivars in the Philippines[12] and Taiwan and with the American rice cultivar 'Cocodrie'.[13] The first field trials of these golden rice cultivars were conducted by Louisiana State University Agricultural Center in 2004.[13] Field testing provides a more accurate measurement of nutritional value and enables feeding tests to be performed. Preliminary results from the field tests have shown field-grown golden rice produces 4 to 5 times more beta-carotene than golden rice grown under greenhouse conditions.[14]
In 2005, a team of researchers at biotechnology company, Syngenta, produced a variety of golden rice called "Golden Rice 2". They combined the phytoene synthase gene from maize with crt1 from the original golden rice. Golden rice 2 produces 23 times more carotenoids than golden rice (up to 37 µg/g), and preferentially accumulates beta-carotene (up to 31 µg/g of the 37 µg/g of carotenoids).[4] To receive the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), it is estimated that 144 g of the most high-yielding strain would have to be eaten. Bioavailability of the carotene from golden rice has been confirmed and found to be an effective source of Vitamin A for humans.[15][16][17]
In June 2005, researcher Peter Beyer received funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to further improve golden rice by increasing the levels of or the bioavailability of pro-vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, and zinc, and to improve protein quality through genetic modification.[18][19]
Potential use to combat vitamin A deficiency[edit]
The research that led to golden rice was conducted with the goal of helping children who suffer from vitamin A deficiency (VAD). In 2005, 190 million children and 19 million pregnant women, in 122 countries, were estimated to be affected by VAD.[20] VAD is responsible for 1–2 million deaths, 500,000 cases of irreversible blindness and millions of cases of xerophthalmia annually.[21] Children and pregnant women are at highest risk. Vitamin A is supplemented orally and by injection in areas where the diet is deficient in vitamin A. As of 1999[update], there were 43 countries that had vitamin A supplementation programs for children under 5; in 10 of these countries, two high dose supplements are available per year, which, according to UNICEF, could effectively eliminate VAD.[22] However, UNICEF and a number of NGOs involved in supplementation note more frequent low-dose supplementation should be a goal where feasible.[23]
Because many children in countries where there is a dietary deficiency in vitamin A rely on rice as a staple food, the genetic modification to make rice produce the vitamin A precursor beta-carotene is seen as a simple and less expensive alternative to vitamin supplements or an increase in the consumption of green vegetables or animal products.
Initial analyses of the potential nutritional benefits of golden rice suggested consumption of golden rice would not eliminate the problems of vitamin A deficiency, but should be seen as a complement to other methods of vitamin A supplementation.[24][25] Since then, improved strains of golden rice have been developed containing sufficient provitamin A to provide the entire dietary requirement of this nutrient to people who eat about 75g of golden rice per day.[4]
In particular, since carotenes are hydrophobic, there needs to be a sufficient amount of fat present in the diet for golden rice (or most other vitamin A supplements) to be able to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. In that respect, it is significant that vitamin A deficiency is rarely an isolated phenomenon, but usually coupled to a general lack of a balanced diet (see also Vandana Shiva's arguments below). The RDA levels accepted in developed countries are far in excess of the amounts needed to prevent blindness.[4] Moreover, this claim referred to an early cultivar of golden rice; one bowl of the latest version provides 60% of RDA for healthy children.[26]
The University of California and Rutgers University have conducted studies showing "...higher crop yields, reduced pesticide use and fewer pesticide-related health problems..." amongst Chinese farmers who used GM rice strains. This was published in the peer reviewed journal Science in 2005.[27]
Dr. José L. Domingo of the Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, at Rovira i Virgili University in Spain said, "According to the information reported by the WHO, genetically modified products that are currently on the international market have all passed risk assessments conducted by national authorities." These assessments found no risk to human health. Dr. Domingo advocates continued research in the areas of GM rice and its effects on humans.[28]
Clinical trials / food safety and nutrition research[edit]
In 2009, research results of a clinical trial of Golden Rice with adult volunteers from the USA were published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It concluded that "beta carotene derived from Golden Rice is effectively converted to vitamin A in humans".[29] In a summary about the research the American Society for Nutrition suggests the implications of the research are that "Golden Rice could probably supply 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A from a very modest amount — perhaps a cup — of rice, if consumed daily. This amount is well within the consumption habits of most young children and their mothers".[30]
In response to the research, a group of 20 scientists suggested in an open letter that there might be deficiencies in clinical trials: "There is now a large body of evidence that shows that GM crop/food production is highly prone to inadvertent and unpredictable pleiotropic effects, which can result in health damaging effects when GM food products are fed to animals. More specifically, our greatest concern is that this rice, which is engineered to overproduce beta carotene, has never been tested in animals, and there is an extensive medical literature showing that retinoids that can be derived from beta carotene are both toxic and cause birth defects." [31] However, it is well known that beta carotene is found and consumed in many nutritious foods eaten around the world, including fruits and vegetables. Beta carotene in food is a safe source of vitamin A.[32]
The Food Allergy Resource and Research Program of the University of Nebraska undertook research in 2006 that showed the proteins from the new genes in Golden Rice did not show any allergenic properties.[33]
In August 2012, Tufts University and others published new research on Golden Rice in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showing that the beta carotene produced by Golden Rice is as good as beta carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children.[34] The study states that "recruitment processes and protocol were approved",[34] but questions have been raised about the use of Chinese children to test the effects of Golden Rice.[35]
Critics of genetically engineered crops have raised various concerns. An early issue was that golden rice originally did not have sufficient vitamin A. This problem was solved by the development of new strains of rice.[4] The speed at which vitamin A degrades once the rice is harvested, and how much remains after cooking are contested.[36] However, a 2009 study concluded that golden rice is effectively converted into vitamin A in humans[15] and a 2012 study that fed 68 children ages 6 to 8 concluded that golden rice was as good as vitamin A supplements and better than the natural beta-carotene in spinach.[17]
Greenpeace opposes the use of any patented genetically modified organisms in agriculture and opposes the cultivation of golden rice, claiming it will open the door to more widespread use of GMOs.[37][38] However this is rejected by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), claiming that "None of the companies listed ... are involved in carrying out the research and development activities of IRRI or its partners in Golden Rice, and none of them will receive any royalty or payment from the marketing or selling of Golden Rice varieties developed by IRRI."[39]
Vandana Shiva, an Indian anti-GMO activist, argued the problem was not the plant per se, but potential problems with poverty and loss of biodiversity. Shiva claimed these problems could be amplified by the corporate control of agriculture. By focusing on a narrow problem (vitamin A deficiency), Shiva argued, golden rice proponents were obscuring the limited availability of diverse and nutritionally adequate food.[40] Other groups argued that a varied diet containing foods rich in beta carotene such as sweet potato, leaf vegetables and fruit would provide children with sufficient vitamin A.[41] However Keith West of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health countered that foodstuffs containing vitamin A are either unavailable, or only available at certain seasons, or that they are too expensive for poor families in underdeveloped countries.[17]
In 2008 WHO malnutrition expert Francesco Branca cited the lack of real-world studies and uncertainty about how many people will use golden rice, concluding "giving out supplements, fortifying existing foods with vitamin A, and teaching people to grow carrots or certain leafy vegetables are, for now, more promising ways to fight the problem".[42]
In 2013, author Michael Pollan, who had critiqued the product in 2001, unimpressed by the benefits, expressed support for the continuation of the research.[43]
On August 8, 2013 an experimental plot of golden rice being grown in the Philippines was uprooted by protesters.[26][43][44] Mark Lynas, a famous former anti-GMO activist, reported in Slate that the vandalism was carried out by a group of activists led by the extreme left-inclined Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) (unofficial translation: Farmers' Movement of the Philippines), to the dismay of other protesters.[43][45] No local farmers participated in the uprooting, only the small number of activists damaged the Golden Rice crops, because the farmers believe in their local customs which imply that killing a living rice plant is unlucky.[46]
Potrykus has enabled golden rice to be distributed free to subsistence farmers.[47] Free licenses for developing countries were granted quickly due to the positive publicity that golden rice received, particularly in Time magazine in July 2000. [48] Monsanto Company was one of the first companies to grant free licences.[49]
The cutoff between humanitarian and commercial use was set at US$10,000. Therefore, as long as a farmer or subsequent user of golden rice genetics does not make more than $10,000 per year, no royalties need to be paid. In addition, farmers are permitted to keep and replant seed.[50]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Ye, X; Al-Babili, S; Klöti, A; Zhang, J; Lucca, P; Beyer, P; Potrykus, I (2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm". Science 287 (5451): 303–5. doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.303. PMID 10634784.
- ^ One existing crop, genetically engineered "golden rice" that produces vitamin A, already holds enormous promise for reducing blindness and dwarfism that result from a vitamin-A deficient diet. - Bill Frist, physician and politician, in a Washington Times commentary - November 21, 2006 [1]
- ^ Black RE et al., Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences, The Lancet, 2008, 371(9608), p. 253.
- ^ a b c d e Paine, Jacqueline A; Shipton, Catherine A; Chaggar, Sunandha; Howells, Rhian M; Kennedy, Mike J; Vernon, Gareth; Wright, Susan Y; Hinchliffe, Edward; Adams, Jessica L (2005). "Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content". Nature Biotechnology 23 (4): 482–7. doi:10.1038/nbt1082. PMID 15793573.
- ^ PhilRice Two seasons of Golden Rice trials in Phl concluded, 09 June 2013.
- ^ "Patents for Humanity Awards 2015". United States Patent and Trademark Office.
- ^ "Patents for Humanity Awards Ceremony at the White House". IP Watchdog Blog. 20 April 2015.
- ^ Romer, S.; Fraser, P.D.; Kiano, J.W.; Shipton, C.A.; Misawa, N; Schuch, W.; Bramley, P.M. (2000). "Elevation of provitamin A content of transgenic tomato plants.". Nature Biotechnology 18 (6): 666–669. doi:10.1038/76523. PMID 10835607.
- ^ "The Science of Golden Rice". Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ Hirschberg, J. (2001). "Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants". Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4 (3): 210–218. doi:10.1016/S1369-5266(00)00163-1. PMID 11312131.
- ^ Schaub, P.; Al-Babili, S; Drake, R; Beyer, P (2005). "Why Is Golden Rice Golden (Yellow) Instead of Red?". Plant Physiology 138 (1): 441–450. doi:10.1104/pp.104.057927. PMC 1104197. PMID 15821145.
- ^ Watson, Todd (10 August 2013). "GM rice field destroyed by activists in the Philippines". Inside Investor. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^ a b LSU AgCenter Communications. 'Golden Rice' Could Help Reduce Malnutrition, 2004
- ^ "Testing the performance of Golden Rice". Goldenrice.org. 2012-08-29. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
- ^ a b Tang, G; Qin, J; Dolnikowski, GG; Russell, RM; Grusak, MA (2009). "Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A". Am J Clin Nutr 89 (6): 1776–83. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27119. PMC 2682994. PMID 19369372.
- ^ Datta, S.K.; Datta, Karabi; Parkhi, Vilas; Rai, Mayank; Baisakh, Niranjan; Sahoo, Gayatri; Rehana, Sayeda; Bandyopadhyay, Anindya; Alamgir, Md. (2007). "Golden rice: introgression, breeding, and field evaluation". Euphytica 154 (3): 271–278. doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9311-4.
- ^ a b c Norton, Amy (15 August 2012) Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source Reuters, Retrieved 20 August 2012
- ^ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative Selects 43 Groundbreaking Research Projects for More Than $436 Million in Funding, Press release, June 27, 2005 (Retrieved 24 November 2009)
- ^ Grand Challenges in Global Health, Engineering Rice for High Beta Carotene, Vitamin E and Enhanced Fe and Zn Bioavailability, Accessed 14 April 2012
- ^ Staff (2009) Global Prevalence Of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations At Risk 1995–2005 WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency. Geneva, World Health Organization, ISBN 978-92-4-159801-9, Retrieved 10 October 2011
- ^ Humphrey, J.H.; West, K.P. Jr; Sommer, A. (1992). "Vitamin A deficiency and attributable mortality in under-5-year-olds". WHO Bulletin 70: 225–232.
- ^ UNICEF. Vitamin A deficiency
- ^ Vitamin A Global Initiative. 1997. A Strategy for Acceleration of Progress in Combating Vitamin A Deficiency
- ^ Dawe, D.; Robertson, R.; Unnevehr, L. (2002). "Golden rice: what role could it play in alleviation of vitamin A deficiency?". Food Policy 27 (5–6): 541–560. doi:10.1016/S0306-9192(02)00065-9.
- ^ Zimmerman, R.; Qaim, M. (2004). "Potential health benefits of Golden Rice: a Philippine case study". Food Policy 29 (2): 147–168. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.03.001.
- ^ a b Amy Harmon (August 24, 2013). "Golden Rice: Lifesaver?" (NEWS ANALYSIS). The New York Times. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
- ^ Bailey, Pat (2005) Genetically modified rice in China benefits farmers' health, study finds University of California Newsroom.
- ^ Domingo, Jose' (2007) Toxicity Studies of Genetically Modified Plants: A Review of the Published Literature Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 47:721–733 (2007) Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
- ^ Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A, by Guangwen Tang, Jian Qin, Gregory G Dolnikowski, Robert M Russell, and Michael A Grusak in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009;89:1776–83.
- ^ American Society of Nutrition: Researchers Determine That Golden Rice Is an Effective Source of Vitamin A
- ^ "Scientists Protest Unethical Clinical Trials of GM Golden Rice". I-sis.org.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
- ^ β-Carotene Is an Important Vitamin A Source for Humans. J. Nutr. December 1, 2010 vol. 140 no. 12 2268S-2285S
- ^ Goodman RE, Wise J. Bioinformatic analysis of proteins in Golden Rice 2 to assess potential allergenic cross-reactivity. Preliminary Report. University of Nebraska. Food Allergy Research and Resource Program. May 2, 2006.
- ^ a b Beta carotene in Golden Rice is as good as beta carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children
- ^ "China continues to probe alleged GM rice testing". Globaltimes.cn. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
- ^ Then, C, 2009, "The campaign for genetically modified rice is at the crossroads: A critical look at Golden Rice after nearly 10 years of development." Foodwatch in Germany Golden rice from Foodwatch Netherlands
- ^ "Genetic Engineering". Greenpeace.
"Golden Rice: All glitter, no gold". Greenpeace. March 16, 2005.
- ^ Greenpeace. 2005. All that Glitters is not Gold: The False Hope of Golden Rice
- ^ IRRI. 2014. FAQ: Are private companies involved in the Golden Rice project?
- ^ "THE "GOLDEN RICE" HOAX -When Public Relations replaces Science". Online.sfsu.edu. 2000-06-29. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
- ^ Friends of the Earth. Golden Rice and Vitamin A Deficiency
- ^ Enserink, M. (2008). "Tough Lessons From Golden Rice". Science 320 (5875): 468–471. doi:10.1126/science.320.5875.468. PMID 18436769.
- ^ a b c Andrew Revkin (2013-09-01). "From Lynas to Pollan, Agreement that Golden Rice Trials Should Proceed". The New York Times.
- ^ Michael Slezak (August 9, 2013). "Militant Filipino farmers destroy Golden Rice GM crop". NewScientist. Retrieved Oct 26, 2013.
- ^ The True Story About Who Destroyed a Genetically Modified Rice Crop, Mark Lynas, Slate, Aug 26, 2013
- ^ "Golden rice attack in Philippines: Anti-GMO activists lie about protest and safety.". Slate Magazine.
- ^ Potrykus, I. (2001). "Golden Rice and Beyond". Plant Physiology 125 (3): 1157–1161. doi:10.1104/pp.125.3.1157. PMC 1539367. PMID 11244094.
- ^ "This Rice Could Save a Million Kids a Year". 2000-07-31. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
- ^ Dobson, Roger (2000) Royalty-free licenses for genetically modified rice made available to developing countries Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 78 (10), P 1281, retrieved August 10, 2010
- ^ "Frequently asked questions (1)". Goldenrice.org. 2004-10-13. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
External links[edit]
- Golden Rice Project
- The Philippines Rice Research Institute - Golden Rice Questions and Answers
- Grains of delusion: golden rice seen from the ground: joint report by Biothai (Thailand), Cedac (Cambodia), DRCSC (India), Grain, Masipag (Philippines), Pan-Indonesia and Ubinig (Bangladesh)
- "Golden Rice: Fool's gold or golden opportunity?"


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Saturday, September 11, 2010
© Copyright 2015 Albany Herald
ALBANY, Ga. -- A man was shot in the leg after his purse was stolen, stated an Albany Police Department report.
Eric Hayes, 19, was on the 300 block of South McKinley Street at about 12:44 a.m. Saturday with two companions, Wilson Thomas, 31, and Johnatious Ford, 23, a report stated.
"The victims reported that three men approached them and demanded their purses," the report stated. "One of the suspects grabbed Mr. Hayes' purse and then someone shot him in the leg."
The suspects then ran, the report added. The case remains under investigation. Hayes was discharged Saturday from Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, a hospital spokeswoman said.
Albany police also responded to at least 40 other incidents Friday into the early hours of Saturday, according to available police reports. Police responded to incidents including:
-- Burglary on the 700 block of North Magnolia Street and the 1900 block of Oakridge Drive;
-- Theft by deception on the 2400 block of Dawson Road;
-- Missing juvenile on the 2000 block of Beachview Drive;
-- Entering auto on the 1400 block of Whitney Avenue, the 900 block of Holloway Avenue and the 400 block of Flint Avenue;
-- Motor vehicle theft on the 900 block of Holloway Avenue;
-- Armed robbery, no injuries reported on the 1400 block of Whispering Pines Road;
-- Simple battery on the 700 block of Odom Avenue and the 1100 block of West Lincoln Avenue;
-- Battery on the 500 block of Pinson Road and the 400 block of Station Crossing Road;
-- Aggravated assault, a fight on the 600 block of Mercer Avenue;
-- Forgery on the 1100 block of Newton road;
-- Sexual assault involving two teenage boys on the 2500 block of North Slappey Boulevard;
-- Assault (family violence) on the 100 block of Cordele Road and the 1500 block of West Lincoln Avenue;
-- Vandalism (family violence) on the 1300 block of West Lincoln Avenue;
-- Domestic (unfounded) on the 1500 block of West Highland Avenue.
DOUGHERTY POLICE: Dougherty County police responded to at least 13 calls, according to police reports.
Police responded to incidents including:
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-- Family violence (verbal) on the 4800 block of Marlborough Avenue;
-- Criminal trespass on the 3300 block of Twin Flower Road and the 1500 block of Power Lane.
ALBANY FIRE: Albany firefighters responded to 12 calls including:
-- A cable line down, three activated alarms, two rubbish fires, a grass fire, a fire in a trash bin, smoke smell in a residence, arcing electrical generator and electrical problems in a breaker box.
More like this story
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- Police/Fire/EMS report for July 8, 2012 ( July 7, 2012 )
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Police Dispatchers in the United States can expect to earn an average of $15.97 per hour. Pay ranges from $10.72 per hour on the low end to $23.38 on the high end. Female Police Dispatchers are more common than men among those who completed the survey; more than half (67 percent) are women. Though the majority of Police Dispatchers do not report high levels of job satisfaction, most are moderately content with their role. Medical benefits are awarded to a large number, and the larger part earn dental coverage. The numbers in this rundown were provided by PayScale's salary survey participants.
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A police dispatcher is the first person contacted when emergency assistance is requested. Dispatchers generally work within call centers or actual police stations; while they work in shifts, the position itself is 24-7, so some may be required to work weekends or overnight shifts. They may work either alone or on teams with other dispatchers depending on the size of their department. Educational requirements are not strict, aside from a high school diploma or equivalent; initial training is available on-the-job and ongoing training is often required. Aspiring dispatchers should also be familiar with a variety of technological equipment.Read More...
Police dispatchers receive calls which are directed to the law enforcement agency or redirected through a 911 call center. They must process and evaluate the information provided to determine the importance of the call (while keeping the caller calm and collected) and which personnel will respond, and may also coordinate police activity by assigning officers to various situations or requesting additional units or services on an officers' behalf.
Dispatchers are also responsible for maintaining logs regarding police activity, calls, responses and requests, as well as accessing and entering data regarding each call received. Candidates for the position should be highly organized, attentive to detail, and able to remain calm in what can be a high-stress environment.
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Geographic Range
These whales have a worldwide distribution in deep waters below the 10 degree isotherm (Minasian et al. 1984, Watson 1981).
- Biogeographic Regions
- indian ocean
- atlantic ocean
- pacific ocean
-Z. cavirostris- have a worldwide distribution, though they seldom go north of the 10 degree isotherm. They are deep divers and prefer waters beyond the 1000 meter line (Watson 1981).
Physical Description
-Ziphius cavirostris- is a medium-sized whale with an average body length of 6.4 meters. The female is usually a little larger and can be up to 7 meters long. Calves are 2.1 meters at birth. -Z. cavirostris- has a spindle shaped body that is a little stouter than other ziphiids. They have a small head (about 10% of their body length) and a distinct neck. As with all ziphiids, they have two grooves along the throat. They have a stubby beak which is almost indistinct in larger animals and a scooped out hollow behind the blowhole. Adult males have two large teeth on the lower jaw that grow up to 8 centimeters. In the females, the teeth never break through the gums. Some individuals have been found with 15-40 vestigial teeth that never erupted. -Z. cavirostris- have small rounded flippers that fold into depressions or "flipper pockets" on their flanks. They have a relatively tall fin (40 centimeters) that is shaped like a shark fin. There is a small notch in the center of their broad flukes.
The coloration of -Z. cavirostris- varies among individuals. In the Indopacific waters, the whales are often sienna colored, ranging from a dark yellow to a deep brown. Their backs are usually darker than their bellies, but some have a reversed coloration: pale backs with black stomachs. The head is almost always totally white, especially in older males. In the Atlantic waters, -Z. cavirostris- have a grey blue color, often with the same pale head coloration. They have dark spots around the eye. Juveniles are usually lighter than adults (Minasian et al. 1984, Watson 1981).
- Other Physical Features
- endothermic
- bilateral symmetry
- Average mass
- 3000 kg
- 6607.93 lb
- Average mass
- 2.701e+06 g
- 95189.43 oz
- AnAge
Both sexes mature at about 5 meters long. There is thought to be a sex ratio of 67% males to 33% females. Little is known about the reproduction of this species because there does not seem to be a specific breeding season. The whales breed and calves are born all year round. The average lifespan is at least 35 years ( http://www.ims.usm.edu/~musweb/ziphcav.htm. Minasian et al. 1984, Watson 1981).
- Key Reproductive Features
- iteroparous
- year-round breeding
- gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)
- sexual
- viviparous
- Average lifespan
Status: wild
- 36.0 years
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
- Average lifespan
Solitary males are occasionally seen, but usually Ziphius cavirostris travel in pods of around 15 individuals. They may breach, but they are often shy of boats. Their rounded heads can be seen during their blow and they swim at the surface taking breaths for about 20 seconds before they dive. They are deep divers and plunge almost vertically down for 30 minutes or longer. They are often found beached. Some animals have been seen with white oval scars on their belly from lamprey and crustacean (Livoneca ravnaudi) parasites. Adult males often have teeth marks on their beaks and backs (Watson 1981).
- Key Behaviors
- natatorial
- motile
- social
Communication and Perception
Food Habits
Ziphius cavirostris eats mainly squid and deep water fish. They also eat crabs and starfish (Watson 1981).
- Primary Diet
- carnivore
- Animal Foods
- fish
- mollusks
- aquatic crustaceans
- echinoderms
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
About 20 individuals are taken by Japanese whalers each year. This is a relatively small number and they are not regularly hunted (Watson 1981).
Conservation Status
Though not enough whales are taken to be a threat to the species, deaths may also occur from entanglement in gilnets, float lines from lobster traps, and long lines ( http://www.ims.usm.edu/~musweb/ziphcav.htm).
- IUCN Red List
Least Concern
More information
- Appendix II
Barbara Lundrigan (author), Michigan State University, Allison Myers (author), Michigan State University.
- Atlantic Ocean
the body of water between Africa, Europe, the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), and the western hemisphere. It is the second largest ocean in the world after the Pacific Ocean.
- Pacific Ocean
body of water between the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), Australia, Asia, and the western hemisphere. This is the world's largest ocean, covering about 28% of the world's surface.
- benthic
Referring to an animal that lives on or near the bottom of a body of water. Also an aquatic biome consisting of the ocean bottom below the pelagic and coastal zones. Bottom habitats in the very deepest oceans (below 9000 m) are sometimes referred to as the abyssal zone. see also oceanic vent.
- bilateral symmetry
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
- carnivore
an animal that mainly eats meat
- chemical
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
- coastal
the nearshore aquatic habitats near a coast, or shoreline.
- endothermic
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.
- iteroparous
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
- molluscivore
eats mollusks, members of Phylum Mollusca
- motile
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
- natatorial
specialized for swimming
- native range
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
- sexual
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
- social
associates with others of its species; forms social groups.
- tactile
uses touch to communicate
- viviparous
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female.
- year-round breeding
breeding takes place throughout the year
"Species Summary for Ziphius cavirostris" (On-line). Accessed December 4, 1999 at http://www.ims.usm.edu/~musweb/ziphcav.htm.
Minasian, S., K. Balcomb, III, L. Foster. 1984. The World's Whales. U.S.: The Smithsonian Institution.
Watson, L. 1981. Sea Guide to Whales of the World. London: Hutchinson and Co..


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ClassicsOnline Home » GRANADOS, E.: Piano Music, Vol. 10 (Riva) - In the Village
"The Riva series is essential for anyone interested in Spanish piano music." (MusicWeb International)
This final volume in the Naxos edition of Granados' complete piano music begins with the composer's final work, an impassioned and colourful transcription of the Intermezzo from the opera Goyescas. The disc also includes several youthful works dedicated to or inspired by women, as well as works inspired by Nature. The intricate Marchas militares for piano duet are among the composer's most delightful compositions, while the brilliant transcription of Albéniz's Triana from Iberia is his only work scored for two pianos.
By David Denton
By David Denton
Herbert Howells was a student of Stanford and Charles Wood
at London's Royal College of Music, yet, as this disc clearly exhibits, it was
the influence of Vaughan Williams - twenty years his senior - that was to colour
much of his music. You can almost feel the hand of the older composer guiding
Howells in Hymnus paradisi a superb choral score that still needs far
more performances on the international scene. Sir Patrick Spens, however,
is a real find, the history of the work starting with Howells writing his
first big choral work at the age of 25 to the words of a well-known Scottish
ballad relating the story of the famous sailor. It was many years later before
it was published, and then the only known performance was given by student performers
in Newcastle in 1930. So this recording is the first professional performance,
and a very worthy one it proves to be. Musically it abounds in brightly lit
colours, but there are also moments of quiet, London's Bach Choir fabulous when
the music is reduced to a whisper and complements their very solid and superb
tonal quality in the more outgoing moments. I am not going to say this is a
neglected masterpiece, but it comes very close. Hymnus paradisi is the
combination of two works, the first one intended as a conventional Requiem,
the second, written three years later, remembering his son who died at the age
of nine. His musical response was deeply felt but was intended only for his
own ears. It was eleven years later when the Three Choirs Festival asked him
for a new work that Howells revealed the existence of a score that combined
the two. Reluctant at first, he was persuaded by distinguished colleagues to
have it performed, the result being one of the finest English choral works in
the second half of the 20th century. If it harks back stylistically, its strongly
melodic character and innate Englishness making for a deeply moving piece perfectly
orchestrated. Here with all three soloists on stage - Sir Patrick only
calls for a baritone - the diction, projection and pure beauty of tone will
surely never be challenged on disc, while the Bach Choir is again everything
you could wish for. Add the Bournemouth orchestra playing for David Hill as
if these works are part of their standard repertoire, and you have a disc you
cannot afford to miss.
Enrique Granados (1867-1916)
Piano Music • 10
Enrique Granados was born on 27 July 1867 in Lleida, near Barcelona. After his family moved to Barcelona, Granados began piano study there in 1879 and the following year he continued with Joan Baptista Pujol (1835-1898). In 1883 he won a competition performing Schumann's Sonata, Op. 22. One of the jury members was the noted composer Felip Pedrell (1841-1922), who began giving Granados classes in harmony and composition the following year. In 1887 Granados went to Paris where he studied with Charles de Bériot (1833-1914). He was highly influenced by Bériot's insistence on tone-production and pedal technique. In addition, Bériot emphasized improvisation in his teaching, reinforcing his pupil's natural ability in the skill. After returning to Barcelona in 1889, Granados published his Danzas españolas, which brought him international recognition.
Both a pianist and conductor, during his career Granados performed concerts in Spain, France and New York collaborating with violinists Eugène Ysaÿe and Jacques Thibaud, pianists Mieczysław Horszowski and Camille Saint-Saëns and conductors such as Isaac Albéniz and Pablo Casals. Granados was also a fine teacher. In 1901 he founded the Academia Granados, which continues today as the Academia Marshall under the direction of Alicia de Larrocha.
In 1912 Granados met the American pianist Ernest Schelling, who was the first pianist to perform Granados's music outside Spain. Schelling arranged for his works to be published by G. Schirmer in New York and encouraged Granados in his plans to convert his piano suite Goyescas into an opera, later arranging for its première at the Metropolitan Opera. Terrified of the ocean, Granados nevertheless sailed to New York for the première of the opera on 28 January 1916. While in the United States he performed numerous concerts, made piano-roll recordings, and also performed at the White House. Granados and his wife set sail back to Europe via Liverpool but while crossing the English Channel on the British ship Sussex, their boat was torpedoed by a German submarine and they both perished.
About the year 1912 Granados wrote: "My motto has always been to renounce an easy success in order to achieve one that is true and lasting." Today he is universally recognised as one of Spain's most important composers. His music is multi-faceted, although it is essentially Romantic with some nationalist characteristics. He has been variously described as "the Spanish Chopin", "the last Romantic", and by his compatriots as "our Schubert". No single characterization adequately describes his personality, since Granados had a distinctive voice that is instantly recognisable and entirely his own.
Granados was primarily influenced by mid-nineteenth century European Romanticism, especially the music of Schumann and Chopin, and, like most composers of his era, by Wagner. The introverted luxuriance of his luminous harmonies, his rich palette of pianistic colour, loose formal structures and his vivid imagination, always tinged with nostalgia, place him firmly within the Romantic School. It has frequently been commented that large forms such as sonatas and concertos did not attract Granados. His artistic personality was better suited to shorter, rhapsodic forms, especially those based on variations.
Granados's final work, the Intermezzo from the opera Goyescas, was composed less than two months before his tragic death. The original Intermezzo which he wrote for the opera Goyescas was found to be too short to accommodate a necessary scene change, requiring the composer to write a new and longer Intermezzo. The new Intermezzo, an inspired work containing one of Granados's most beautiful melodies, was written literally overnight. Since Granados had written the new Intermezzo in haste he feared that it might damage his reputation. Nevertheless, it remains one of his most frequently performed compositions. Granados's own piano transcription conveys all the passion and colour of the orchestral original.
The four Melodías, Mazurka alla polacca, Mazurka in A minor, Andalucía-Peterena, Canto del pescador, La Berceuse, three Marchas militares and En la aldea are all youthful works. In his early works the young Granados focused on his own personal inspirations, concentrating on works with similar titles such as Mazurkas and Marchas militares, works dedicated to or inspired by women and also works inspired by Nature. With the exception of En la aldea, for piano four hands, all of the early works are of brief duration. Many of these compositions are similar to one another, being sketches or brief compositions characterized by an unfocused formal structure and harmonic ambiguity. Very few are rooted in one tonality. Granados frequently vacillated from one tonality to another, usually without actually modulating between them.
Two of the Melodías were written "for the fan" of two sisters, Lola and Laura González. Ladies of the era carried fans and allowed special gentlemen to "autograph" them. Granados's works are clearly too long to have been written out on a fan, but they certainly convey his thoughts about the young ladies. The two Mazurkas reveal his early inspiration by the works of Chopin. Granados's father and brother were both army officers, probably inspiring him to compose the three early Marchas militares for piano solo as well as the two later ones composed for piano, four hands.
The manuscript of Andantino espressivo has the title Obras fáciles para educación del sentimiento (Simple Pieces for the Education of Feeling). Although not particularly simple, the four highly varied sections of the piece are united by Granados's Romantic lyricism.
Granados performed numerous concerts of works for two pianos and piano duet with Edouard Risler, Joaquín Malats and other pianists. Thus, it is somewhat surprising that he did not compose more works for either of these two formats. En la aldea is the most extensive composition of the 34 included in Álbum de Melodías, París, 1888, written during the composer's stay in Paris in 1888 (Naxos 8.557142). Both Granados and Isaac Albéniz were in Paris during that time and the two young musicians were often together for musical and social gatherings. Albéniz composed a work for piano solo entitled Fiesta de aldea (Village Festival) around the same time. It may be that the two young composers set themselves the task of composing a work inspired by a visit to a country village.
Granados's manuscript of En la aldea contains expressive marking such as Órgano (organ), Oboe, and Campanas (Bells). The most important marking, however, – Ruiseñor (nightingale) found in La siesta – marks the first appearance in Granados's music of an imitation of the song of a nightingale. Granados recalled a night in Paris that he, along with Ricardo Viñes and Joaquín Malats, spent copying Bériot's Concierto. With the arrival of dawn a nightingale sang. From this experience forward throughout his life Granados was inspired to incorporate the sound of a nightingale's song in other compositions such as El invierno - La muerte del ruiseñor from Libro de horas (Naxos 8.554628) and especially Quejas o la maja y el ruiseñor from Goyescas (8.554403), among others.
The two Marchas militares for piano duet are among the composer's most delightful compositions, quite different from the three written for piano solo. Granados requires that the two pianists cross hands between each other quite often. In addition the two pianists must play many notes in very close proximity, demanding careful coordination between the performers.
Granados's transcription of Albéniz's brilliant Triana from Iberia is his only work scored for two pianos. His transcription respects the construction and details of the original version for piano solo. The only changes Granados made to the work involve filling out the harmonies of some chords and dividing the themes between the two players so as to alternate their presentation and development, producing an impassioned and brilliant dialogue.
Douglas Riva
This performance follows the critical edition of the Complete Works for Pianoof Enrique Granados, published by Editorial Boileau, S.A., Barcelona, Spain, Alicia de Larrocha, Director and Douglas Riva, Assistant Director.
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Setting and keeping boundaries.
I have practiced as a doula since 1991 and as a midwife since 1999. I have not yet experienced burnout, and I love my work as much as I ever have; every birth is new and exciting for me. Not only is this because I am fortunate to have found the work I love, but I have also set clear boundaries with my clients throughout my career, starting from the very first client meeting.
The Initial Consultation
When you meet a client for the first time, you, the doula, set the tone of your relationship. If you are dressed in a warm, yet professional way, you let the client know that this is a business for you, even if you have not yet charged any fees. In my practice the initial consultation is free to allow the prospective client to meet me and see if she likes me and the way I practice before making any commitment. It's also a chance for me to screen her for potential problems, including the ability to pay. While I may choose to be her doula pro bono I want it to be my choice, not a result of her failure to pay. I have several documents that I bring to each initial consultation: a fee agreement, an informed consent, an information sheet, and a history form. These forms and the conversations they elicit establish the basis of the relationship that I create with my client and her partner, but I never open up a visit by first going over paperwork. Be friendly and warm and open your conversation by asking the parents for their questions and listening carefully to their concerns. Often the natural flow of the conversation will allow an easy opening for you to introduce the paperwork.
The Forms
Informed Consent
This document tells the client who you are and what your level of experience and training is. It also tells the client what her responsibilities are. I use a one page document that also informs my clients that I can make no guarantees as to the outcome of the birth but that I will do everything in my power to help her have the birth experience she hopes for.
Fee Agreement
This document outlines what is included in the fee. It should be clear about the number of pre- and post-natal visits, what is included in the birth care, and when payment is due. I state that my on-call time is included in the fee. Look at this document as a way to let your clients know what they are paying for and what they will receive in return. Of all my documents, this is the most important in setting boundaries. Once I have clearly outlined the services I provide, clients are very respectful of the boundaries I have set. Because I have had few clients who spend a lot of time on the phone my fee agreement states clearly that unlimited phone time is included. This particular policy may vary from one birth professional to another, so I make sure my clients are clear about my own policy.
Information Sheet
This tells the client how to get in touch with me. It includes all of my numbers (pager, cell, and home) and which to try first. I include a sentence that says "for routine, non-emergency concerns, please call between 9:00 am and 9:00 pro. If you are in labor or experiencing an emergency, please call any time, day or night." This sentence is another way that I draw clear boundaries. I don't want to be woken up late at night for the normal aches and pains of pregnancy or to reschedule an appointment. I also don't want client time to interfere too much with family time, so I try to keep conversations short when my husband and kids are home. My information sheet also contains a list of warning signs and normal labor signs. As with all of my documents, I don't just hand it to the client, but I actually go over it with them.
Having established boundaries with the informed consent, fee agreement and information sheet, I've set the tone for the rest of the relationship. Only rarely will a client strain my boundaries after I've set them carefully. But if, despite your warm, caring, but clear boundary setting, you still have a client whose needs are causing you to feel overstretched, what can you do?
Common Scenarios
Emotionally Needy Clients
An emotionally needy client may be someone who worries excessively about the details of her birth or about her health; she may be lonely and have few relationships that meet her emotional needs, or she may be going through a crisis that makes her less secure. She may try to use her doula to fill some of her emotional needs, and she may call and want to talk for long periods of time or want more prenatal visits than your contract includes.
If you provide unlimited phone calls as I do, you may have a challenge. If a woman is calling you frequently and talking for long periods of time, you may have several options. You can screen calls with your answering machine or caller ID and call her back at your convenience. When you call her, you can let her know that you only have a few minutes to talk and ask her "what's up?" I find this question elicits a more specific response than "How are you?" If she's someone who goes off on tangents, try to keep her on point. She may be bored, lonely, or depressed. If so, let her know about new mom groups, La Leche League meetings, or any other groups she can join, and don't hesitate to refer her to a qualified therapist. Be her doula, not her counselor.
She may have real health concerns that are not being recognized by her provider. Ask if she's talked to her doctor or midwife, and remind her that, as a doula, you can't give out healthcare advice, but support her in finding a way to have her needs addressed. You may say something like "You've brought this up before and it doesn't sound like you're getting what you need to make it better. What do you think would be helpful? Would you like me to help you find other resources for this problem?" If she has a concern that seems urgent, encourage her to get help immediately. If she has a problem that seems emergent tell her to call 911; you can meet her at the hospital and offer support.
If she wants extra visits, charge her for each visit beyond the original agreement. I include 3 prenatal visits and two post-partum visits in my fee. Beyond that I charge $25.00 per visit, payable at the time of the visit. If she asks for extra visits, let her know you'll be charging for them. If you're not yet charging for your doula care, decide ahead of time how you would handle the situation and have a policy that you stick to. For instance you could include a specified number of visits that you include when you waive your fee, but after that you need to charge a certain amount. Although you may have an emotionally needy client, it is not your responsibility to meet all of her needs, and you shouldn't, particularly if her needs require professional intervention.
Financially Challenged Clients
New doulas who work for free often work with women who have limited support. These women may be in a committed relationship or single; they can be from all walks of life. Lower income clients whose needs may be very basic and more pressing can cause a doula stress not only because she cares about her clients, but because she tries to fulfill too many of those needs herself. If a mom you are working with has issues with basic needs such as food and shelter or is experiencing severe financial strain, you may feel compelled to help. This is good, we want to help people; but we have to do it in a way that doesn't cause burnout for us, our families, or our other work.
Decide what you can and can't do as you listen to a woman's story for the first time. Think about the services you have defined and what you provide other clients. You are here for the birth. Being kind and supportive throughout her pregnancy and labor is a good thing that goes a long way. If you can and want to help with needs such as transportation or phone calls, try to combine it with a doula visit or other errands of your own. You can bring a meal after the baby comes or give groceries as a baby present. Again, avoiding burnout is the key to having a long career and helping more women. If you allow a client to come to rely on you as a source of food or financial or psychological support, or if you repeatedly perform above and beyond your defined services, you may strain your energy and the tolerance of your other relationships to a dangerous point. Going beyond the limits of your own finances or your family's tolerance will definitely cause problems for you in other relationships.
If you are working with a client who needs, but is not receiving, social services, it would be appropriate, with her permission, to call her primary caregiver and help her get the services she needs. If she has unexpected bills, Medicaid may be retroactive in her state, paying pregnancy-related bills already incurred, even after the birth.
If severe financial challenges occur with pregnant women who are in committed relationships, not only might these women need social services to help them get through these challenges, but the financial strain might cause a strain within their relationship. You may want to help the couple find a counselor who will work with them on a pro bono basis. Don't provide counseling yourself even if you're qualified to do so. It mucks things up too much to be the doula and the relationship counselor.
Single Mothers
Many single women who become pregnant plan to do so and have financial and social resources to support them through the pregnancy. These women will be likely to seek out and pay for doula services because they want the care and emotional support that a doula provides.
Some single mothers may be financially challenged as well and you may need to support them as you would any other mother with similar concerns. Single morns are more likely to be lower income and feel isolated during their pregnancy. They really need doula support.
Complicated Pregnancies
When a client with whom you've been working develops medical issues in her pregnancy she will need your support more that ever. It will be tempting to clean her house, make her meals, watch her other kids, and generally do whatever you can to help her. Take a step back and think about her resources. Are there other people in the community who can help? If she belongs to a religious community, there will often be a committee that takes care of meals for people with pressing medical needs. If she has a close group of friends, belongs to a play group, or has been going to childbirth classes these groups can provide support. In this situation the role of the doula is to ask her what she needs and help her find ways to meet those needs but NOT to meet all the needs yourself. So you can ask her if she's contacted her pastor or rabbi if she's a church or synagogue member. You can ask her if she has relatives who are able to help. If she'd like you to help at home, you can charge her for it at a rate similar to a post-partum doula. You can offer to help organize meals to be brought to her. If she gives you a list of people you can call for meals, make the phone calls, include yourself for one meal, but don't feel like you have to do it all.
When a woman develops a medical condition that complicates her pregnancy, she needs a lot of information. I enjoy researching this kind of information, so I will often volunteer to do so and share it with my client. Indeed, providing information and resources is part of what most doulas do, and it's a great way to get continuing education credit (if you document your research).
Fetal Demise/Stillbirth/Newborn Death
This is a time to pull out all the stops. Be ready and available to listen, hold your client's hand and go over the birth as much as you can without straining your other relationships unduly. For a week you'll be spending lots of time with the family, if they want you to, and for the next several months you may be spending a lot of time listening to the mother. As long as you are helping the mother access resources appropriately and you aren't trying to do things you aren't trained to do, ask for the understanding of your loved ones for a short period of time. You won't be in this situation often, so you can be assured that this is a rare occurrence that may not happen again for many years. Take care of yourself by finding a safe, confidential outlet for your own feelings of loss and sorrow.
Setting appropriate relationship boundaries is like maintaining your car. With proper care and attention to your doula relationships you will have many happy years of supporting and guiding women through labor, and setting limits will help empower your clients. Just as you model and guide a woman's breathing in labor, you can model and guide her in her relationships with others.
by Nancy Draznin, ALACE Labor Assistant Workshop Instructor
Nancy Draznin is an ALACE Certified Labor Assistant and Childbirth Educator and teaches ALA CE Labor Assistant Workshops. She is also a homebirth midwife. She lives in Genessee, Idaho with her husband and three children.
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Melbourne, Australia
My Rating
A friend and I ended up having a private tour with Kent, due to poor forecast. We were given the option of postponing, but we went ahead. The weather held out, and we had a great time! Kent kept us informed of the different icons and points of interest along the way. Was at a cruisy pace, and we really enjoyed it.
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PlayUp by PlayUp
1,000,000 - 5,000,000 downloads
- Good-looking layout
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- Another social network? Come on!
"Where Sports get social"
Reviewed by Emmanuel Lund / Apr 19, 2012
PlayUp is a mobile-based social network for sports fans.
There are catch-all social network as Facebook, G+ or Twitter. However, there are also specific ones like Instagram, Foursquare, Pose... All of them focused on an issue. Why not taking part in a sports social network since sports events makes get excited billions of people around the World? This is PlayUp purpose: creating a platform where sharing sports event with your friends, commenting them and keep updated.
First off, you need to sign up, and you can only do it by connecting your Facebook or Twitter account. Then you can start sharing stuff with your friends, find new ones and start becoming enjoyin PlayUp world. PlayUp serves up live scores and stats for the most followed/watched sports around the World (NBA, MLB, Premier League, NCAA...). What's more, you can create private hangouts with your friends for specific events like the next league date. This way you can message each other in real time around the action, see real-time score and other useful info related to the match. You can also join public discussions with other fans, what makes it really interesting.
Since PlayUp is integrated with Facebook and Twitter, you can post on your timeline any relevant info from PlayUp. There are push notifications and friends alerts.
This is compulsory for sports fans. High recommendable for everyone.
PlayUp keeps you up to date with all the live action and latest scores from your favourite teams and sports whether it's football in the English Premier League or cricket in the Indian Premier League!
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We've got all the football and cricket you could ever hope for, but we've got so much more.
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Minor bug fixes
Some lists where this application appears: Reviewed by Emmanuel Lund.
Its an ultimate Sports-fan app.
OMG it's awesome
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Bad Rebounding: The 10 Worst Mistakes People Make After A Bad Break-Up- By Bossip Staff Categories: Attention Slores, Break Ups, Divorces
3. Screwing The Homie – Revenge sex. It happens to the best of us. You may not want to just have rebound booty, but you want to have rebound booty with someone that hurts your ex. But you'll totally feel like a tool afterwards.


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Here is the collection of XXX-rated stained glass sculptures you were looking for. Someone should really build a subdivision of McMansions with these designs on the doors.
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
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text: Yea the 50 frame is compensated by the goggles. They won't darken the finder. As someone who has bought alot of older leica lenses, have it CLA'd as soon as you can. I'm always amazed that a perfect looking lens to my eye is 100 percent better after a cla.


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To The Emory
from Childish Gambino – Sunrise Lyrics on Genius
The Emory is a very fancy building in NYC. The contrast between living in a dorm and his new sick crib shows how Gambino has really hit it big and made loads of money by joining the rap game.
In addition, Emory University is in Atlanta: Gambino's hometown. Before he even went to that dorm (and way before lavish penthouses) Gambino was in The ATL. However, he holds no specific ties to Emory University itself.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Childish Gambino – Sunrise Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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