text:
Computer Security:
Weaknesses Continue to Place Critical Federal Operations and Assets at Risk
GAO-01-600T: Published: Apr 5, 2001. Publicly Released: Apr 5, 2001.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
(202) 512-6253
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
This testimony discusses GAO's analysis of security audits at federal agencies. The widespread interconnectivity of computers poses significant risks to federal computer systems and the operations and the infrastructures they support. GAO's evaluations show that federal computer systems are riddled with weaknesses that continue to put critical operations and assets at risk. GAO found weaknesses in following six areas: (1) security program management, (2) access controls, (3) software development and change controls, (4) segregation of duties, (5) operating systems controls, and (6) service continuity. Weaknesses in these areas place a broad range of critical operations and assets at risk for fraud, misuse, and disruption. Federal agencies have tried to address these problems, and many have good remedial efforts underway. However, these efforts will not be fully effective and lasting unless they are supported by a strong agencywide security management framework. Establishing such a management framework requires that agencies take a comprehensive approach that involves both (1) senior agency program managers who understand which aspects of their missions are the most critical and sensitive and (2) technical experts who know the agencies' systems and can suggest appropriate technical security control techniques.
Apr 22, 2015
Cybersecurity:Actions Needed to Address Challenges Facing Federal SystemsGAO-15-573T: Published: Apr 22, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 22, 2015.
Apr 9, 2015
Information Security:FDIC Implemented Many Controls over Financial Systems, but Opportunities for Improvement RemainGAO-15-426: Published: Apr 9, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 9, 2015.
Mar 19, 2015
Information Security:IRS Needs to Continue Improving Controls over Financial and Taxpayer DataGAO-15-337: Published: Mar 19, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 19, 2015.
Mar 2, 2015
Information Security:FAA Needs to Address Weaknesses in Air Traffic Control SystemsGAO-15-221: Published: Jan 29, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 2, 2015.
Nov 18, 2014
Information Security:Additional Actions Needed to Address Vulnerabilities That Put VA Data at RiskGAO-15-220T: Published: Nov 18, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 18, 2014.
Nov 17, 2014
Information Security:VA Needs to Address Identified VulnerabilitiesGAO-15-117: Published: Nov 13, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 17, 2014.
Sep 18, 2014
Healthcare.gov:Information Security and Privacy Controls Should Be Enhanced to Address WeaknessesGAO-14-871T: Published: Sep 18, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 18, 2014.
Sep 16, 2014
Healthcare.gov:Actions Needed to Address Weaknesses in Information Security and Privacy ControlsGAO-14-730: Published: Sep 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 16, 2014.
Sep 8, 2014
Information Security:Agencies Need to Improve Oversight of Contractor ControlsGAO-14-612: Published: Aug 8, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 8, 2014.
Jul 17, 2014
Information Security:FDIC Made Progress in Securing Key Financial Systems, but Weaknesses RemainGAO-14-674: Published: Jul 17, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 17, 2014.
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text:
Double mango salad
"We want to stay true to the natural flavors of food," says Keith Christie, executive chef of Crimson Resort and Spa in Mactan, Cebu. "We keep the flavors very clean and the food as simple as possible."
As a result of this philosophy, the buffet in Crimson's Saffron Café has an aura of outdoor cheer. Lined up in neat rows are organic vegetables with an assortment of salad dressings; wedges of fresh fruits sparkling on immaculate white plates; prawns, mussels and crabs glistening on ice; and cut-up meat ready for the grill.
Even the dessert section seems to be anchored on the idea of freshness. With sinfully rich cakes are hazelnut mousse with lemon cream, skewers of fresh fruits for dipping into the chocolate fountain, lemon bars, and mousseline cream with lychees and strawberries.
Likewise, the a la carte menu offers the fresh catch of the day as well as yellow fin tuna and slipper lobsters lightly grilled with lemon and garlic.
"We just let the food speak for themselves," says Christie.
Keeping a balance between imported and local ingredients is also one of the hotel's principles, says F&B manager Florent Humeau. Thus, the cheese platter includes not just French camembert but also goat cheese from Davao; while for the carvings, Angus roast beef may alternate with Cebu lechon. And for the beverages, there's always fresh coconut juice served on the shell.
But after all, this five-star hotel is built right along the beach, where palm and coconut trees sway languidly with the breeze. The three-tiered infinity pool that seems to stretch out to the sea is set amid lush gardens punctuated by colorful rows of flowers and ferns.
Daily activities for hotel guests include diving excursions and perhaps building sand castles by the beach. Oceanfront villas come with their own plunge pools. With such a setting, it's only logical for the cuisine to be in harmony with nature.
Here's a recipe from chef Christie for a delightful salad that embodies Crimson's philosophy of nature and freshness: double mango salad—curls of lettuce leaves with mangoes, strawberries and nuts enlivened by a dressing of puréed mangoes.
(Crimson Resort and Spa: Seascapes Resort Town, Mactan Island, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu. Call 032-4019999.)
Double mango salad
For the mango salad dressing:
- ¾ c finely chopped mangoes
- 1 tbsp lime juice (or calamansi or dayap juice)
- 1 tsp vegetable oil
- ½ tsp ground coriander seeds
- Salt, to taste
For the salad:
- 4 c salad leaves
- ½ c diced fresh mangoes
- ½ c sliced strawberries (see tips)
- 1/3 c coarsely chopped pistachio nuts
Make the mango salad dressing:
Purée the ¾ cup mangoes in a blender. Pour in the lime juice, vegetable oil and ground coriander seeds. Season with salt. Process until well-blended. Set aside.
Make the salad:
Divide the salad leaves among three separate salad plates. Arrange the diced mangoes and strawberries over the salad leaves. Pour the prepared mango salad dressing over each bowl. Sprinkle pistachio nuts on top. Makes three servings.
For more tips, recipes and stories, visit www.normachikiamco.com and Facebook fan page: www.facebook.com/normachikiamco. Follow on Twitter @NormaChikiamco.
Cook's tips
If you find the dressing too thick, dilute it with a little water.
You can use grapes instead of strawberries.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Nicole Kidman and Keith Urban are celebrating their 8th anniversary today! The couple has been spreading love all over the globe ever since they first started dating back in 2005. From their picture-perfect red carpet moments at the Cannes Film Festival to their cuddly appearances at award shows, this hot Australian duo does not shy away from showing PDA. Keep reading to see all of their best moments!
Want more? Don't forget to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram!
Source: Getty / Vittorio Zunino Celotto


text:
The NDP government announcement reversing unpopular education cuts is a signal of what's to come for education in Alberta, says the province's new education minister. David Eggen said he will work in his new role to give school boards "a sense of security and stability" so they can make longer-term plans that strengthen Alberta's K-12 education system.
If you want to see grown men giggle with joy like sugar-addled schoolgirls, you could go to the Super Bowl, a Home Depot clearance sale or a movie theatre...
A rainbow is rising over Florida, just in time for Valentine's Day.
My wife was hoping for Brad Pitt to be on the bed when we opened the door to our room at the just-opened Palladian Hotel.
When I tell people that we counted 27 cowboy hats during 10 days in Texas, the usual response is, "Is that all?"


text: The Hospitality and Catering industry is a big employer in the UK, contributing largely to the economy. The restaurant industry alone employs two thirds of a million people. Our Hospitality and Catering qualifications provide excellent first steps into further study or the opportunity to carve out a future career. Covering a wide range of skills and techniques, our regulated qualifications are much in demand and admired by the industry and in learning establishments.


text:
Herpes Virus Used To Treat Cancer
Posted 02 August 2010 - 05:41 PM
Doctors say they have used a genetically engineered herpes virus to treat successfully patients with head and neck cancer.
A London hospital trial of 17 patients found that use of the virus alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy helped kill the tumours in most patients.
It works by getting into cancer cells, killing them from the inside, and also boosting the patient's immune system.
Further trials are planned for later in the year.
Head and neck cancer, which includes cancer of the mouth, tongue and throat, affects up to 8,000 people every year in the UK.
Study leader Dr Kevin Harrington, who is based at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, said current treatments were effective if the cancer was picked up early but that many patients were not diagnosed until it was more advanced.
The herpes virus, which is also being tested in patients with skin cancer, is genetically manipulated so that it grows inside tumour cells but cannot infect normal healthy cells.
Once there it has a triple effect - it multiplies, killing tumour cells as it does so, it is engineered to produce a human protein that activates the immune system and it also makes a viral protein that acts as a red flag to immune cells.
'Potential weapon'
In the 17 patients injected with the virus, in addition to their standard treatment, at the Royal Marsden Hospital, 93% showed no trace of cancer after their tumour had been surgically removed.
More than two years later, 82% of patients had not succumbed to the disease.
Only two of 13 patients given the virus treatment at a high dose relapsed, the journal Clinical Cancer Research reported.
There were no safety concerns with use of the virus, the researchers said, and it is hoped the virus could one day be used to fight other types of cancer.
"Around 35 to 55% of patients given the standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment typically relapse within two years, so these results compare very favourably," said Dr Harrington.
He is now planning a trial comparing the viral treatment with the standard treatment in people newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer.
Dr Alison Ross, senior science information officer at Cancer Research UK, said it would be some time before the treatment could be used in patients as it still needed to be tested directly against standard treatment.
But she added: "This small study highlights the potential of using genetically modified viruses as a weapon to fight cancer."
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Same here to, my mum managed to survive a very fast and serious cancer, had she fallen to it, myself and my brother could never have been.
Ovarian ?
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Mind you you operation to graft skin from your arrr's to you face seems to have taken...
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You limited your search to:
Partner: UNT Libraries
Degree Discipline: Physics
Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations
Precision measurements of the hyperfine structure in the 23P state of 3He.
Date: May 2003
Creator: Smiciklas, Marc
Description: The unusually large hyperfine structure splittings in the 23P state of the 3He isotope is measured using electro-optic techniques with high precision laser spectroscopy. Originally designed to probe the fine structure of the 4He atom, this experimental setup along with special modifications I implemented to resolve certain 3He related issues has made possible new high precision hyperfine structure measurements. Discussed are the details of the experimental setup and the modifications, including in depth information necessary to consider while performing these measurements. The results of these hyperfine structure measurements give an order of magnitude improvement in precision over the best previously reported values.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Oligonucleotide guanosine conjugated to gallium nitride nano-structures for photonics.
Date: August 2008
Creator: Li, Jianyou
Description: In this work, I studied the hybrid system based on self-assembled guanosine crystal (SAGC) conjugated to wide-bandgap semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN). Guanosine is one of the four bases of DNA and has the lowest oxidation energy, which favors carrier transport. It also has large dipole moment. Guanosine molecules self-assemble to ribbon-like structure in confined space. GaN surface can have positive or negative polarity depending on whether the surface is Ga- or N-terminated. I studied SAGC in confined space between two electrodes. The current-voltage characteristics can be explained very well with the theory of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure. I-V curves also show strong rectification effect, which can be explained by the intrinsic polarization along the axis of ribbon-like structure of SAGC. GaN substrate property influences the properties of SAGC. So SAGC has semiconductor properties within the confined space up to 458nm. When the gap distance gets up to 484nm, the structure with guanosine shows resistance characteristics. The photocurrent measurements show that the bandgap of SAGC is about 3.3-3.4eV and affected by substrate properties. The MSM structure based on SAGC can be used as photodetector in UV region. Then I show that the periodic structure based on GaN and SAGC can have photonic ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Energy Losses of Protons Projected through a Plasma Due to Collisions with Electrons of the Plasma for a Variety of Non-Maxwellian Electron Velocity Distributions
Date: August 1961
Creator: Kregel, Mark Douglas
Description: The purpose of this thesis is to study energy losses suffered by protons in traversing a plasma through collision with the electrons of the plasma. For these electrons a variety of non-Maxwellian velocity distributions are assumed.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A Computer Analysis of Complex Gamma-Ray Spectra
Date: August 1965
Creator: Cunningham, William K.
Description: The purpose of this investigation was to provide a method for determining the relative intensities of all gamma rays in a particular spectrum, and thereby determine the relative transition probabilities.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Galvanomagnetic Phenomena in Arsenic at Liquid Helium Temperatures
Date: June 1966
Creator: Yarbrough, Jack Lee
Description: The purpose of this investigation was to study some of the transport effects in a single crystal of arsenic at liquid helium temperatures in a magnetic field up to twenty-four kilogauss. The experimental coefficients determined were the isothermal magnetoresistivity and the isothermal Hall resistivity.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Thermomagnetic Effects in Antimony at 4.2 [degrees]K
Date: August 1965
Creator: Taaffe, Thomas J.
Description: The purpose of this investigation was to study the thermoelectric effects in a single crystal of antimony at liquid-helium temperatures.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A Calculation of the Kaon-Neutron Scattering Cross Section
Date: June 1966
Creator: Hooper, Robert Gibson
Description: The purpose of this investigation was to study the scattering processes of K+ mesons with neutrons. In order to do such a study one must first make certain basic assumptions about the type of interaction involved and then proceed to calculate physically meaningful qualities which describe the processes. Thus, the problem is this: assuming the validity of Feynman's rules for these strongly interacting particles, calculate the differential and total scattering cross sections for the interaction of scalar K+ mesons and neutrons.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Analyzing Magnet System for the Electrostatic Accelerator
Date: August 1954
Creator: Young, Thomas E.
Description: This thesis describes the design and construction of a linear accelerator, specifically, a positive-ion source, a high voltage supply, an accelerating column, and the necessary associated vacuum system.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Stochastic Mechanical Systems
Date: August 1960
Creator: Bost, Robert Berton
Description: To understand the phenomena associated with such stochastic processes and to predict, at least qualitatively, the behavior of mechanical systems within environments which are completely random in time, new mechanical tools are necessary. Fortunately, the derivation of these tools does not necessitate a complete departure from existing theories. In fact, they may be considered as an extension of the well-defined theory of the integral transform, in particular, the exponential Fourier integral transform.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Dynamical Friction Coefficients for Plasmas Exhibiting Non-Spherical Electron Velocity Distributions
Date: August 1961
Creator: Williams, G. Bruce
Description: This investigation is designed to find the net rate of decrease in the component of velocity parallel to the original direction of motion of a proton moving through an electron gas exhibiting a non-spherical velocity distribution.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text: Chapter 1: 1-1 INTRODUCTION 1-1:1 Choice of Law; Internal Affairs Doctrine 1-1:2 Georgia Principles of Corporate Governance: Comparison With Other States 1-2 DUTIES OF CORPORATE DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN GEORGIA 1-2:1 General Considerations 1-2:1.1 Duties Owed to Third Parties 1-2:1.2 Heightened Director and Officer Duties 1-2:2 Statutory Duties and Liabilities Under the Georgia Business Corporation Code 1-2:3 Duty of Care; Standard of Care 1-2:4 Duty of Loyalty 1-2:5 Interested Party Transactions 1-2:6 Duties Relating to Disclosure 1-2:7 Corporate Waste Doctrine 1-3 THE BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE IN GEORGIA 1-4 RIGHTS OF RELIANCE ON OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, PROFESSIONALS, COMMITTEES, AND EXPERT ADVISORS 1-5 CORPORATE OPPORTUNITY DOCTRINE 1-6 TRANSACTIONS AND CLAIMS INVOLVING CORPORATE SECURITIES 1-7 ACTIONS AGAINST DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 1-7:1 Types of Claims 1-7:2 Direct Versus Derivative Actions 1-7:3 The Demand Requirement 1-7:4 Stay or Dismissal; Special Litigation Committees 1-7:5 Standing and Procedural Requirements for Derivative Actions 1-7:6 Limited Exception for Direct Actions in Closely Held Corporations 1-7:7 State Law Shareholder Class Actions 1-7:8 Jurisdictional Considerations 1-7:9 Shareholder Inspection Rights 1-7:10 Corporate and Shareholder Remedies 1-7:10.1 Statutory Remedies 37 1-7:10.2 Attorneys' Fees 1-7:10.3 Dissenters' Rights 1-7:11 Shareholder Ratification; Estoppel 1-7:12 Statutes of Limitations 1-8 SECONDARY LIABILITY 1-8:1 Corporate Liability for Acts of Its Agents 1-8:2 Personal Liability for Corporate Acts and Debts 1-8:3 Control Person Liability Under Various Statutes 1-8:4 Aiding and Abetting Breaches of Fiduciary Duty 1-8:5 Piercing the Corporate Veil 1-9 EXCULPATION: LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS IN ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 1-10 INDEMNIFICATION AND INSURANCE 1-10:1 Indemnification of Directors, Officers, and Employees; Advancement of Defense Expenses 1-10:1.1 Mandatory Indemnification 1-10:1.2 Permitted Indemnification Without Shareholder Approval 1-10:1.3 Permitted Indemnification With Shareholder Approval 1-10:1.4 Advancement of Defense Expenses 1-10:2 Director and Officer Liability Insurance 1-11 INSOLVENT AND FINANCIALLY TROUBLED CORPORATIONS 1-11:1 Fiduciary Duties Owed to Creditors 1-11:2 Liability for Wrongful Distributions to Shareholders 1-11:3 Receiverships and Custodianships 1-11:4 Removal of Directors and Officers 1-12 CRIMINAL LIABILITY 1-12:1 Criminal Liability of Corporations 1-12:2 Criminal Liability of Persons Acting on or Under a Duty to Act on the Corporation's Behalf Chapter 2: Limited Liability Company and Partnership Litigation 2-1 INTRODUCTION 61 2-2 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES 2-2:1 Governing Law 2-2:1.1 The Georgia Limited Liability Company Act 2-2:1.2 The Operating Agreement 2-2:1.3 Construction and Application of Limited Liability Company Agreements 2-2:2 Liability of Members and Managers to Third Parties 2-2:2.1 Charging Orders and Judgment Creditors' Rights 2-2:2.2 Claims for Member's Failure to Make Capital Contributions 2-2:2.3 Torts Committed by the Company 2-2:2.4 Professional Limited Liability Organizations 2-2:2.5 Piercing the Veil 2-2:3 Member and Manager Duties and Liabilities 2-2:3.1 Manager or Managing Member Duties 2-2:3.2 Fiduciary Duties 2-2:3.3 Duty of Care 2-2:3.4 Business Judgment Rule 2-2:3.5 Conflicting Interest Transactions 2-2:3.6 Duty of Loyalty 2-2:3.7 Contractual Modifications of Duties and Liabilities 2-2:3.8 Indemnification of Members and Managers 2-2:4 Derivative Actions 2-2:5 Inspection of Limited Liability Company Books and Records 2-2:6 Accounting 2-2:7 Removal of Managing Member 2-2:8 Appointment of Receiver 2-2:9 Removal of Members 2-2:10 Dissociation and Dissolution 2-2:10.1 Events of Dissociation and Dissolution 2-2:10.2 Judicial Dissociation and Dissolution 2-2:10.3 Improper Resignation 2-2:10.4 Rights and Obligations of Dissociated Members 2-2:11 Procedural Issues 2-2:11.1 Jurisdiction 2-2:11.2 Venue 2-2:11.3 Service of Process 2-2:12 Bangor Punta Doctrine Barring Claims 2-2:13 Failure to Join Necessary and Indispensable Parties 2-2:14 Foreign LLCs 2-3 PARTNERSHIP LITIGATION 2-3:1 Introduction 2-3:1.1 The Georgia Code 2-3:1.2 Uniform Partnership Law 2-3:1.3 Construction and Application of Partnership Agreement 2-3:1.4 Duties of Partners to Each Other 2-3:2 Liability to Third Parties 2-3:2.1 Liability for Partnership Debts 2-3:2.2 Acts Which Bind the Partnership 2-3:2.3 Ratification 2-3:2.4 Incoming Partner Liability 2-3:2.5 Withdrawing Partner Liability 2-3:2.6 Dissolution Impact on Liability 2-3:2.7 Partnership Liability for Tortious Acts of Partners 2-3:3 Partnership Opportunities and Liability Among Partners 2-3:3.1 Removal of General Partners 2-3:3.2 Derivative Actions 2-3:4 Partner's Interest in the Partnership 2-3:5 Inspection of Partnership Books and Records 2-3:6 Accounting 2-3:7 Withdrawal of Partners 2-3:8 Dissolution 2-3:9 Appointment of a Receiver Chapter 3: Minority Shareholder Litigation 3-1 INTRODUCTION 3-2 DIRECT VS. DERIVATIVE ACTIONS 3-2:1 Standing 3-2:1.1 Standing in Derivative Actions and Direct Shareholder Actions Generally 3-2:1.2 Minority Shareholder Status 3-2:2 Direct Actions 3-2:3 Derivative Actions 3-2:3.1 Demand 3-2:4 Statutory Close Corporations 3-2:5 Judicial Considerations 3-2:5.1 Minority Shareholder Vulnerability 3-2:5.2 Duties Owed to Minority Shareholders 3-2:5.3 Breach of Fiduciary Duties Owed to Minority Shareholders 3-2:5.3a Illegal, Fraudulent, and Oppressive Conduct 3-2:5.3b Corporate Deadlock 3-2:5.3c Corporate Waste 3-2:5.3d Appropriation of Corporate Opportunity 3-2:5.3e Conflicting Interest Transactions 3-2:5.4 Estoppel 3-3 REMEDIES 3-3:1 Generally 3-3:2 Ordinary Relief 3-3:2.1 Specific Performance 3-3:2.2 Cancellation or Alteration of Corporate Documents 3-3:2.3 Removal and Appointment of Directors and Officers 3-3:2.4 Appointment of Provisional Directors and Custodians 3-3:2.5 Accountings 3-3:2.6 Dividend Payment 3-3:2.7 Damages 3-3:3 Extraordinary Relief 3-3:3.1 Share Purchase 3-3:3.1a Determining Fair Value 3-3:3.1b Specifying Terms of Purchase 3-3:3.2 Delivery of Shares and Completion of Share Purchase 3-3:3.3 Dissolution 3-3:3.3a Dissolution Procedure 3-3:3.3b Appointment of Receivers and Custodians 3-3:4 Right to Dissent 3-3:4.1 When Dissenters' Rights are Available 3-3:4.2 Procedure for Perfecting Dissenters' Rights 3-3:4.3 Payment 3-3:4.4 Dissatisfaction With Offer of Payment 3-3:4.5 Judicial Action 3-4 INSPECTION OF CORPORATE RECORDS 3-4:1 Shareholder's Right to Inspect Corporate Records 3-4:1.1 Records Required to Be Kept by Corporation 3-4:1.2 Time and Place for Notice and Inspection 3-4:1.3 Who May Inspect 3-4:1.4 Scope of Inspection 3-4:1.4a Proper Purpose 3-4:1.5 Court-Ordered Inspection Chapter 4: Securities Litigation 4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-1:1 History and Purpose of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 4-1:2 Rule 10b-5 4-2 PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION UNDER RULE 10b 4-3 STANDING 4-3:1 Plaintiff Must Be Actual Purchaser or Seller 4-3:2 Exceptions to the Purchaser/Seller Requirement 4-3:2.1 Shareholders and the Forced Seller Doctrine 4-3:2.2 Pledge Doctrine 4-3:3 Privity and Required Relationship Between Plaintiff and Defendant 4-4 ELEMENTS OF A SECTION 10(b) AND RULE 10(b)(5) CLAIM 4-5 MATERIALITY 4-6 MISREPRESENTATION OR OMISSION 4-6:1 Mismanagement or Breach of Fiduciary Duty Is Not Sufficient 4-6:2 Prospectuses 4-6:3 Opinions, Forecasts, Predictions or Projections 4-6:3.1 Bespeaks Caution Doctrine 4-6:3.2 Safe Harbor of the Private Securities 4-6:3.2a Forward-Looking Statements Known to Be False but Accompanied by Meaningful Cautionary Language May Still Be Protected by Safe Harbor 4-6:3.2b Statements of Current Facts Are Not Forward-Looking Statements 4-6:3.2c Incorporation by Reference of Cautionary Language Sufficient for Oral Statements 4-6:3.2d Incorporation by Reference of Cautionary Language Sufficient for Written Documents 4-6:3.2e Cautionary Language Is Not Required to List All Potential Risk Factors or to Specifically List Risk Factors That Actually Occur 4-6:4 Financial or Periodic Reports, Accounting Data, and Valuations 4-6:5 Mergers, Reorganizations, and Tender Offers 4-6:6 Defenses 4-6:6.1 No Fraud by Hindsight 4-6:7 Nondisclosures and Omissions 4-6:7.1 Who Has a Duty to Disclose 4-6:7.1a Insiders 4-6:7.2 Substance and Timing of Duty to Disclose 4-7 SCIENTER 4-7:1 Financial or Periodic Reports, Accounting Data, and Valuations 4-7:2 Burden of Proof 4-7:3 Pleading Scienter 4-7:3.1 Strong Inference of Scienter 4-7:3.1a Aggregation of Facts Alleged to Give Rise to Strong Inference of Scienter 4-8 RELIANCE 4-8:1 Justifiable Reliance 4-8:2 Presumption of Reliance 4-8:2.1 Rebuttable Presumption of Reliance— Failure to Disclose 4-8:2.2 Rebuttable Presumption of Reliance— Fraud-on-the-Market 4-8:2.2a Elements Necessary to Invoke Rebuttable Presumption of Reliance 4-8:2.2b Rebutting the Presumption of Reliance in a Fraud-on-the- Market Claim 4-9 CAUSATION 4-9:1 Loss Causation 4-9:1.1 Loss Causation and Fraud-on-the-Market Claims 4-10 IN CONNECTION WITH PURCHASE OR SALE OF A SECURITY 4-10:1 In Connection With the Purchase or Sale 4-10:2 Of a Security 4-10:2.1 Stock 4-10:2.2 Investment Contract 4-10:2.2a "Solely" Does Not Mean Solely 4-10:2.3 Note 4-11 BY MEANS OF THE MAILS, INTERSTATE COMMERCE OR NATIONAL SECURITIES EXCHANGE 4-11:1 Foreign Defendants or Transactions 4-12 PERSONS LIABLE 4-12:1 Defendant Must Have Ultimate Authority Over Contents of Statement to Be the "Maker" 4-12:2 Section 20(a) Control Person Liability for Violation of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 4-12:2.1 Section 20(a) Is Not Exclusive Means of Imposing Derivative Liability 4-12:2.2 No Liability Under § 20(a) Without a Primary Violation of the 1934 Act 4-12:2.3 Who Is a Controlling Person? 4-12:2.4 Affirmative Defense of Good Faith and Non-Inducement 4-12:3 No Private Right of Action Against Aiders and Abettors 4-13 PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE CONSIDERATIONS 4-13:1 Statute of Limitations 4-13:1.1 Abrogation of Eleventh Circuit's"Inquiry Notice" Rule 4-13:2 Pleading Requirements 4-13:2.1 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) 4-13:2.2 Pleading Requirements Under the PSLRA 4-13:2.2a Pleading Scienter Under the PSLRA 4-13:3 Jurisdiction and Venue 4-14 REMEDIES 4-14:1 Proportionate Liability Under the PSLRA 4-14:1.1 Interplay of Proportionate Liability Under the PSLRA and Joint and Several Liability Under § 20(a) 4-14:2 Plaintiff May Recover Only Actual Damages 4-14:2.1 Out-of-Pocket Loss Rule 4-14:2.1a Limitation on Damages for Fraud-on-the-Market Claims 4-14:3 Rescission 4-14:4 Attorneys' Fees 4-14:4.1 Recovery of Attorneys' Fees and Costs by Prevailing Defendant When Contractual Relationship Permits 4-14:4.2 Attorneys' Fees Available for Abusive Litigation Under the PSLRA 4-14:5 No Punitive Damages Under 1934 Act 4-14:6 Injunctive Relief 4-14:7 Prejudgment Interest 4-15 AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES 4-15:1 Statute of Limitations 4-15:2 Waiver 4-15:3 Estoppel and Ratification 4-15:4 In Pari Delicto 4-16 RELATED OR ALTERNATIVE FEDERAL CLAIMS 4-16:1 Other Federal Actions 4-16:1.1 The PSLRA Applies to Claims Brought Under §§ 11 and 12(a)(2) of the 1933 Act4-16:1.2 Section 11 of the 1933 Act 4-16:1.3 Section 12(a)(2) of the 1933 Act 4-16:1.4 Controlling Person Liability Under § 15of the 1933 Act 4-16:1.5 Limitations Under §§ 11 and 12(a)(2)of the 1933 Act 4-16:1.6 Non-Removal of § 11 and § 12(a)(2) Claims Filed in State Court 4-17 ACTIONS UNDER GEORGIA STATUTORY OR COMMON LAW 4-17:1 Definition of Security 4-17:2 Georgia Uniform Securities Act of 2008 4-17:2.1 Fraudulent Conduct Relating to the Purchase or Sale of Securities 4-17:2.2 Private Right of Action Under the Act 4-17:2.2a Actions Against Sellers 4-17:2.2b Actions Against Purchasers 4-17:2.2c Actions Against Broker-Dealers for Violation of Registration Requirements Under the Act 4-17:2.2d Actions Against Investment Advisers for Violation of Registration Requirements Under the Act 4-17:2.2e Actions Against Persons Receiving Consideration for the Provision of Investment Advice 4-17:2.2f Control Person Liability 4-17:2.2g Private Right of Action Against Aiders and Abettors 4-17:2.2h Limitations 4-17:2.2i Offer of Restitution May Bar Private Right of Action 4-17:2.2j Miscellaneous Provisions Under the Act 4-17:3 Georgia RICO Statute 4-17:4 Georgia's Fair Business Practices Act Does Not Apply to Securities Transactions 4-17:5 Georgia Common Law Claims 4-17:5.1 Fraud and Negligent Misrepresentation 4-17:5.1a "Holder" Claims 4-17:5.2 Breach of Fiduciary Duty 4-17:5.3 Breach of Contract 4-17:5.4 Vicarious Liability Chapter 5: Restrictive Covenant Litigation 5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-2 TYPES OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 5-3 GEORGIA'S NEW RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS ACT 5-3:1 Background 5-3:2 Issues With the Effective Date 5-3:3 Prospective Application 5-3:4 Potential Challenges to the Ballot Referendum Language 5-3:5 Rules for Enforceability Under the New Restrictive Covenants Law 5-3:5.1 Types of Agreements Governed by the New Law 5-3:5.2 Employees to Whom the New Law Applies 5-3:5.3 Legitimate Business Interests 5-3:5.4 Reasonableness Presumptions for Post-Termination Restrictive Covenants 5-3:5.4a Duration 5-3:5.4b Geography 5-3:5.4c Scope of Activities 5-3:5.5 Customer Non-Solicitation Covenants 5-3:5.6 Employee Non-Recruitment Covenants 5-3:5.7 Non-Disclosure Covenants 5-3:6 In-Term Restrictive Covenants 5-3:7 Court Modification and Blue Penciling Overbroad Covenants 5-3:8 Hardship Defense 5-3:9 Areas Left Unchanged by the New Law 5-4 THE "OLD" LAW APPLICABLE TO COVENANTS PRE-DATING THE NEW LAW 5-4:1 Public Policy Implications of Restrictive Covenants 5-4:2 Levels of Scrutiny and the Three-Prong Reasonableness Test 5-4:2.1 Strict Scrutiny: Covenants Ancillary to Employment and Other Agreements 5-4:2.2 Intermediate Scrutiny: Covenants Ancillary to Partnership and Shareholder Agreements 5-4:2.3 Liberal Scrutiny: Covenants Ancillary to the Sale of a Business 5-4:2.3a Blue-Penciling Territorial Restrictions Under Liberal Scrutiny 5-4:2.3b Duration and Scope Under Liberal Scrutiny 5-4:2.3c Covenants Ancillary to Employment Executed in Connection With the Sale of a Business 5-4:3 Factors Determining Enforceability Under the Old Law 5-4:3.1 Consideration 5-4:3.2 Reasonableness 5-4:3.3 Scope of Conduct Restricted 5-4:3.3a Non-Solicitation Covenants 5-4:3.3b Non-Competition Covenants 5-4:3.4 Duration of the Restraint 5-4:3.5 Geographic Limitations 5-4:3.6 Legitimate Business Interest 5-4:3.7 Non-Recruitment and No-Hire Covenants 5-4:3.8 Non-Disclosure Covenants 5-4:3.9 Severability and Blue-Penciling of Overbroad Covenants 5-4:3.10 Tolling Provisions 5-5 CHOICE OF LAW AND FORUM ISSUES 5-5:1 Choice of Law Provisions 5-5:2 Forum Selection Provisions 5-6 REMEDIES 5-6:1 Injunctive Relief for Beneficiaries of Restrictive Covenants 5-6:2 Declaratory and Injunctive Relief for Parties Bound by Restrictive Covenants 5-6:3 Damages 5-6:4 Forfeiture of Post-Termination Compensation 5-6:5 Arbitration 5-6:6 Statute of Limitations 5-6:7 Appeals 5-7 OTHER RELATED DUTIES AND CLAIMS 5-7:1 Trade Secrets 5-7:2 Computer Fraud and Cyber Crimes 5-7:3 Fiduciary Duty and Duty of Loyalty 5-7:4 Usurping Opportunities by Officers and Directors 5-7:5 Tortious Interference 5-7:6 Conversion 5-8 PRACTICE POINTERS FOR RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS CASES 5-8:1 Obtaining Evidence of a Breach 5-8:2 Electronic Data 5-8:3 Spoliation of Evidence 5-8:4 Customers as Witnesses 5-8:5 Discovery of Confidential Information 5-8:6 Forum Shopping 5-8:7 The First-Filed Rule 5-8:8 Removal of Declaratory Judgment Actions Chapter 6: Trade Secret Litigation 6-1 INTRODUCTION 6-2 THE GEORGIA TRADE SECRETS ACT 6-2:1 Overview of the GTSA 6-2:2 Distinguishing Trade Secrets From Other Forms of Intellectual Property 6-2:3 Definition of Trade Secret in the 1990 GTSA 6-2:4 The Tangible-Intangible Distinction 6-2:5 Amended Trade Secret Definition Under the 1996 GTSA 6-2:6 Complexity of Information Impacts Likelihood of Trade Secret Protection 6-2:7 Economic Value of Information Must Derive From Being Neither Generally Available Nor Readily Ascertainable 6-2:8 Reasonable Efforts Must Be Taken to Maintain Secrecy 6-2:8.1 Nondisclosure Agreements and Actual Disclosure 6-2:8.2 Reasonable Efforts Illustrated 6-2:9 Misappropriation 6-2:10 Burden of Proof 6-2:11 Statute of Limitations 6-2:12 Remedies 6-2:12.1 Injunctive Relief 6-2:12.2 Damages and Attorney's Fees 6-3 APPLICABILITY, PREEMPTION, AND SCOPE OF THE GTSA 6-4 GEORGIA OPEN RECORDS ACT 6-5 NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS 6-6 CONCLUSION Chapter 7: Georgia RICO 7-1 INTRODUCTION 7-2 FEDERAL RICO 7-2:1 Statutory Overview 7-2:2 Elements of RICO 7-2:3 Enterprise 7-2:3.1 Employed by or Associated with an Enterprise 7-2:3.2 Engaged In or Affecting Interstate or Foreign Commerce 7-2:3.3 The Relationship Between the Defendant and the Enterprise 7-2:4 Collection of Unlawful Debt 7-2:5 Racketeering Activity 7-2:5.1 Defined 7-2:5.2 Pattern of Racketeering Activity 7-2:5.3 Relatedness 7-2:5.4 Continuity 7-2:6 Violations 7-2:6.1 18 U.S.C. § 1962(a): Investment of Racketeering Income 7-2:6.2 Acquisition Or Maintenance of an Interest in or Control of Any Enterprise 7-2:6.3 Conducting Or Participating in the Enterprise's Affairs 7-2:6.4 Conspiracy to Violate Subsections (a)–(c) 7-2:7 Criminal Penalties 7-2:7.1 Imprisonment, Fine, Forfeiture 7-2:8 Civil Remedies 7-2:8.1 Recoverable Injury 7-2:8.2 Treble Damages 7-2:8.3 Causation 7-2:8.4 Costs and Attorneys' Fees 7-2:8.5 Injunctive Relief 7-2:9 Statute of Limitations 7-2:9.1 Four Years 7-2:9.2 Rules of Accrual 7-2:10 Removal 7-2:10.1 The Rooker-Feldman Doctrine 7-3 GEORGIA RICO 7-3:1 Comparison With Federal RICO 7-3:1.1 Findings and Legislative Intent 7-3:1.2 Existence of an Enterprise Not Always Required 7-3:1.3 Defendant's Relationship With the Enterprise 7-3:1.4 Racketeering Activity 7-3:1.5 Pattern of Racketeering Activity 7-3:1.6 Relatedness Required 7-3:1.7 Continuity Not Required 7-3:2 Criminal Penalties 7-3:2.1 Imprisonment, Fine, Forfeiture 7-3:3 Civil Remedies and Proceedings 7-3:3.1 Recoverable Injury 7-3:3.2 Treble Damages 7-3:3.3 Causation 7-3:3.4 Punitive Damages 7-3:3.5 Costs and Attorneys' Fees 7-3:3.6 Estoppel by Conviction 7-3:3.7 Injunctive Relief 7-3:4 Statute of Limitations 7-3:4.1 Five Years 7-3:4.2 Rules of Accrual 7-3:4.3 Where to Bring Suit, Federal or State Court Chapter 8: Georgia Business Torts 8-1 OVERVIEW OF GEORGIA BUSINESS TORTS 8-2 FRAUD 8-2:1 Overview of Fraud Claims Under Georgia Law 8-2:2 Elements of Fraud 8-2:2.1 False Representation or Omission of Material Fact 8-2:2.1a False Representations of Material Fact 8-2:2.1b Omissions of Material Fact 8-2:2.2 Scienter 8-2:2.3 Intention to Induce Action or Inaction 8-2:2.4 Reasonable Reliance 8-2:2.5 Proximate Cause 8-2:2.6 Damages 8-2:2.6a Measure of Damages 8-2:2.6b Expert Testimony 8-2:3 Pleading Fraud 8-2:4 Affirmative Defenses to Fraud Claims 8-2:4.1 Merger Clauses 8-2:4.2 Statute of Limitations 8-2:5 Punitive Damages in Fraud Cases 8-2:6 Distinctions Between Fraud, Constructive Fraud, and Negligent Misrepresentation 8-3 NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION 8-3:1 Overview of Negligent Misrepresentation and Distinction From Fraud Claims 8-3:2 Elements of Negligent Misrepresentation 8-3:2.1 Negligent Supply of False Information 8-3:2.2 Information Supplied to Foreseeable Recipients 8-3:2.3 Reasonable Reliance 8-3:2.4 Proximate Cause 8-3:2.5 Damages 8-3:3 Defenses to Negligent Misrepresentation Claims 8-3:3.1 Disclaimers and Merger Clauses 8-3:3.2 Statute of Limitations Defenses 8-3:4 Punitive Damages in Negligent Misrepresentation Claims 8-4 TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE 8-4:1 Overview of Tortious Interference Claims Under Georgia Law 8-4:2 Elements of a Tortious Interference With Contract or Business Relations Claim 8-4:2.1 Defendant Acted Improperly and Without Privilege 8-4:2.1a Defendant Acted Improperly 8-4:2.1b Defendant Acted Without Privilege 8-4:2.1c Stranger Doctrine 8-4:2.2 Defendant Acted Purposefully and With Intent to Injure 8-4:2.3 Defendant Induced a Third Party to Discontinue Business Relationship With Plaintiff 8-4:2.4 Defendant's Actions Caused Financial Injury 8-4:3 Tortious Interference With Prospective Business Relations 8-4:4 Tortious Interference With Fiduciary Duties 8-4:5 Statute of Limitations for Tortious Interference Claims 8-4:6 Punitive Damages in Tortious Interference Claims 8-5 UNFAIR COMPETITION 8-5:1 Overview of Unfair Competition Claims Under Georgia Law 8-5:2 Georgia's Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act 8-5:2.1 Elements of a Georgia Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act Claim 8-5:2.2 Remedies Limited to Injunctive Relief and Attorney's Fees 8-5:2.3 Statutory Exceptions 8-5:3 Georgia's Fair Business Practices Act 8-5:3.1 Elements of a Georgia Fair Business Practices Act Claim 8-5:3.1a Violation of the Act 8-5:3.1b Causation 8-5:3.1c Damages 8-5:3.2 Requirement of Pre-Suit Notice 8-5:4 Common Law Unfair Competition Claims 8-5:4.1 Elements of a Common Law Unfair Competition Claim 8-5:4.2 Damages Chapter 9: Fraudulent Transfer Litigation 9-1 INTRODUCTION 9-2 TYPES OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS 9-2:1 Transfers Made With Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud 9-2:2 Transfers Involving Constructive Fraud, Inadequate Consideration, and Insolvency 9-2:3 Transfers Made When the Debtor Was Insolvent 9-3 IMPORTANT TERMS IN THE UFTA 9-3:1 Transfer 9-3:2 Insider 9-3:3 Reasonably Equivalent Value 9-4 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER: ACTUAL INTENT 9-4:1 Proving Actual Intent 9-4:2 Badges of Fraud 9-4:2.1 Statutory Badges of Fraud 9-4:2.2 Nonstatutory Badges of Fraud 9-4:3 Illustrative Cases Evaluating Badges of Fraud 9-5 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER: CONSTRUCTIVE INTENT 9-5:1 Fraudulent Transfer Leaving Debtor with Unreasonably Small Remaining Assets 9-5:2 Fraudulent Transfer Before Debtor Incurs Future Debts 9-5:3 Fraudulent Transfer When Debtor is Insolvent or is Rendered Insolvent 9-6 FRAUDULENT TRANSFER: INSIDER PREFERENCE 9-7 DETERMINING WHEN A CAUSE OF ACTION ARISES UNDER THE GEORGIA UFTA 9-7:1 When Has a Transfer Been Made? 9-7:2 Incurrence of an Obligation 9-8 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS 9-9 RELIEF AVAILABLE TO CREDITORS 9-9:1 Creditors' Remedies Against Transferees 9-9:2 Defenses Available to Transferees 9-9:3 Defenses Available to Insiders Chapter 10: Employment Litigation 10-1 INTRODUCTION 10-2 GEORGIA HAS NO GENERAL ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAW APPLICABLE TO PRIVATE EMPLOYERS 10-2:1 Discrimination Suits Under Federal Law 10-2:2 Remedies Available for Discrimination 10-3 SPECIFIC TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED BY GEORGIA LAW 10-3:1 Equal Pay 10-3:2 Disability 10-3:3 Age 10-3:4 First Offender Act 10-3:5 City of Atlanta Anti-Discrimination Ordinance 10-4 AT-WILL EMPLOYMENT 10-4:1 Definition of At-Will Employment 10-4:2 Limited Legislative Public Policy Exceptions 10-4:3 No Judicially Created Public Policy Exception 10-4:4 No Implied Contract Exception 10-5 TORTS ASSOCIATED WITH EMPLOYMENT 10-5:1 Negligent Hiring, Supervision, and Retention 10-5:2 Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress 10-5:3 Tortious Interference with Employment 10-5:4 Defamation 10-5:5 Invasion of Privacy 10-5:6 Fraud 10-6 EMPLOYEE PRIVACY 10-6:1 Drug and Alcohol Testing 10-6:2 AIDS Testing 10-6:3 Polygraph Testing 10-7 EMPLOYEE RIGHTS 10-7:1 Leave 10-7:1.1 Judicial Proceedings 10-7:1.2 Military Leave 10-7:1.3 Time Off for Voting 10-7:1.4 Break Time for Natural Feeding 10-7:1.5 Federal Family and Medical Leave Act 10-7:2 Wage and Salary 10-7:2.1 Minimum Wage and Overtime Pay 10-7:2.2 Bonuses and Commissions 10-7:2.3 Wage Payment Statute 10-7:3 Unemployment Compensation 10-7:4 Child Labor Restrictions 10-7:5 Maintenance of Employee Records 10-7:6 Workplace Safety 10-7:6.1 Workplace Violence 10-7:6.2 Workplace Safety Standards 10-7:7 Notice of Mass Layoffs and Plant Closings 10-8 ARBITRATION OF EMPLOYMENT CLAIMS 10-9 LABOR LAWS 10-9:1 Right to Work Protection for Employees 10-9:2 Protections for Employers from Unlawful Union Acts 10-10 OTHER GEORGIA RELATED EMPLOYMENT LAWS 10-10:1 Georgia Security and Immigration Compliance 10-10:2 Georgia New Hire Reporting 10-10:3 Employer-Owned Vehicles 10-11 SEVERANCE AGREEMENTS 10-12 TRAINING Chapter 11: Arbitration 11-1 INTRODUCTION 11-1:1 Arbitration, Litigation, and Mediation 11-1:2 Arbitration: Faster, Cheaper, and Better? 11-1:3 Roles of Parties, Advocates, Decision Makers, and Courts in Arbitration 11-1:3.1 Arbitrators 11-1:3.2 Parties and Attorneys 11-1:3.3 Arbitration Administration and Arbitration Providers 11-1:3.4 Courts 11-1:3.4a Court Involvement Before Arbitration 11-1:3.4b Court Involvement During Arbitration 11-1:3.4c Court Involvement After Arbitration 11-2 SOURCES OF ARBITRATION LAW AND PROCEDURE 11-2:1 Federal Arbitration Act 11-2:2 Georgia Arbitration Code 11-2:3 Agreement of the Parties 11-2:4 Other Sources of Arbitration Procedures 11-3 KEY LEGAL ISSUES 11-3:1 Arbitrability 11-3:2 Bases for Vacating Arbitral Awards 11-3:2.1 Standard of Review for a Petition to Vacate 11-3:2.1a Corruption 11-3:2.1b Evident Partiality 11-3:2.1c Arbitrators Exceeded Their Powers 11-3:2.1d Manifest Disregard 11-3:2.2 Sanctions for Improper Motions to Vacate 11-3:3 Arbitration of Specific Types of Substantive Claims 11-3:3.1 Consumer Statutes 11-3:3.2 Employment Discrimination 11-3:3.3 Class Actions 11-3:3.4 Personal Injury Claims 11-3:3.5 Securities Disputes 11-3:3.6 Claims of Unconscionability 11-3:4 Legislation 11-3:4.1 Recent Legislative Enactments 11-3:4.2 Pending Legislation 11-4 PRACTICAL OVERVIEW OF THE ARBITRATION PROCESS 11-4:1 Initiating Arbitration 11-4:2 Claims and Counterclaims 11-4:3 Arbitrator Selection 11-4:3.1 Arbitrator Neutrality 11-4:4 Prehearing 11-4:4.1 Prehearing Conference 11-4:4.2 Information Exchange and Discovery 11-4:4.3 Motions 11-4:4.4 Scheduling the Evidentiary Hearing 11-4:5 Evidentiary Hearing 11-4:5.1 In Person, Telephonic, or Other Presentation of Evidence 11-4:5.2 Record and Transcript 11-4:5.3 Evidentiary Rules 11-4:5.4 Post-Hearing Briefs 11-4:5.5 Closing the Hearing 11-4:6 Awards 11-4:6.1 Reasoned and "Bare" Awards 11-4:6.2 Attorneys' Fees, Interest, Arbitration Fees and Costs, and Other Relief 11-4:6.3 Time Limits 11-4:6.4 Issuance and Service of the Award 11-4:6.5 Change or Modification of Award 11-4:6.6 Final Awards 11-4:6.7 Proceedings to Enforce, Confirm, Modify, or Vacate Award 11-5 INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION 11-5:1 Overview 11-5:2 Arbitration's Special Appeal in International Business Disputes 11-5:2.1 Greater International Enforceability of Awards Versus Court Judgments 11-5:3 2012 Georgia International Commercial Arbitration Code 11-5:4 Court Decisions and Bar Rules Favoring International Arbitration 11-5:4.1 Bar and Court Rules 11-5:4.2 United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 11-5:4.3 Georgia Court of Appeals and Georgia Supreme Court Table of Cases .................................................................................... Index .................................................................................................. MoreLess


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Windows Embedded
A collection of operating systems from Microsoft designed to power embedded systems and help original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in their development of devices such as smartphones and automobile infotainment systems. Embedded systems are complete computer systems designed to perform specific functions within a larger system or machine.
The Windows Embedded line currently consists of Windows Embedded Compact 7 for small devices like smartphones, Windows Embedded Standard 7 for more advanced devices, Windows Embedded Enterprise for devices that need to utilize fully functional versions of the Windows desktop operating systems, Windows Embedded Automotive 7 for in-vehicle infotainment systems, Windows Embedded POSReady for point-of-service devices, Windows Embedded Thin Clients for advanced thin clients, Windows Embedded Server for server solutions and Windows Embedded Handheld for handheld devices.
From celebrity tweets to hosting live Twitter chats, our favorite Twitter tips will have you tweeting like a pro in no time. Read More »Interesting Times: Transformation in the IT Channel
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Anoka Co Lib
1,000 - 5,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
Tweets por @Appszoom
+ By Boopsie, Inc.
Anoka County Library mobile app where you are! Try the easy new search with the first couple of letters of words. For "Mark Twain" simply type "ma twa". Ask a librarian for help by phone/email. Search-Renew-Request books, videos, audiobooks, etc. Find Library Events, Locations and Hours. Connect on Facebook or Twitter.
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Comments and ratings for Anoka Co Lib
(59 stars)
I love this app and would have given it 5 -stars, but niether myself nor my husband have benn able to put books on hold at our library for weeks. It says, "hold failed". Neither account has late fees. Please fix!!


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The Securities and Exchange Commission has approved a proposal from NYSE Arca designed to boost liquidity in less heavily traded securities. The program, which does not yet have a start date, will allow issuers to pay market makers indirectly in order to encourage better bid-offer spreads.
View Full Article in:Reuters
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K Squared Communications Launches International Outreach Program
CHICAGO, April 26, 2011 /PRNewswire/ — K Squared Communications is working with Heartland International and Ya'lla Tours USA to provide hands-on support for two international outreach programs. Kate Koziol, president of K Squared Communications, will be traveling with members of the press and the travel agency community to Egypt with Ya'lla Tours USA, to assess the tourism situation and to determine what can improve the situation and with Heartland International to Kenya to work with entrepreneurs.
"Tourism is critical to Egypt and makes up 11% of its GDP," said Ms. Koziol. "If we can help Egyptian travel professionals get critical information to their American counterparts we can speed the rebuilding of tourist trade and support the rebirth of Egypt." The group will explore the Cairo, Luxor and Aswan regions and meet with the Egyptian travel community to determine what support tactics could be used to rebuild tourism.
The Heartland International Department of State-funded Professional Exchange Program strengthens the entrepreneurial skills of young Kenyan business owners. "This group of 20 Kenyan entrepreneurs will ultimately train up to 400 additional business owners," said Julie Stagliano, president of Heartland International, a Chicago-based non-profit organization that promotes social justice and economic independence by facilitating participatory citizenship around the world.
K Squared is also supporting Heartland International's Development of Grassroots Organizations for Women, for emerging NGO leaders from Nicaragua and Belize. This program, also funded by the U.S. Department of State, links Chicago counterparts working in similar organizations with the Central American participants, whose organizations address issues in the areas of women's rights and empowerment, reduction of domestic violence and reduction of human trafficking.
"Trends such as microcredit have been successful and we know micropromotion can help entrepreneurs build their businesses," added Koziol. "Our SpotlightSquared program is one example of micropromotion where we take the effort out of blogging for business leaders who need social media presence, but lack the time needed for blog research, writing and tracking."
About K Squared Communications
K Squared Communications is a public relations, social media and marketing firm specializing in finding; refining and promoting positive stories that help grow client businesses. More information is at www.ksqrd.com, via Facebook, Twitter and YouTube or by calling (773) 774-7847.
SOURCE K Squared Communications


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Traveling between cities in the US and other countries requires conversions between Centigrade and Fahrenheit, as well as between Kilos and Pounds. Here's a easy way to do the calculations, inspired by the faint childhood memories of the Trachtenberg method of arithmetic manipulations, and achieving error rates of 1% or less.
|Converting Centigrade to Fahrenheit
DSA: DOUBLE, SUBTRACT one-tenth, ADD 32
|Converting Fahrenheit to Centigrade
SHA: SUBTRACT 32, HALVE, ADD one-tenth
The exact formula: °F = °C * 9/5 + 32
The easy formula is the same.
Easy conversion using D-S-A (or DSA32) steps,
with example converting 14 °C:
The exact formula: °C = (°F - 32) * 5/9
The easy but approximate formula: °C = (°F - 32) * 1/2 * 1.1
Easy conversion, using S-H-A (or 32SHA) steps,
with example converting 57 °C:
|If no rounding is done, these steps provide the precise Fahrenheit value, with no error.
This calculation leaves an error of around 1%; adding
1% to final result will give a more precise value in
The exact error is (5/9 - 1.1/2) / (1.1/2) = 1.0101...%, but 99% accuracy should be good enough for most day-to-day purposes.
→ °F (Exact & Easy)
[Calculators Rounded to 1 Decimal Digit]
|Calculator: °F → °C (Exact) → °C (Easy)
The Centigrade temperature scale is more properly called Celsius, but the term Centigrade continues to be in more common use in many countries.
Kilos and pounds are easier to convert, here are the examples:
|Converting Kilos to Pounds
|Converting Pounds to Kilos
The exact formula: Pounds = Kilos * 2.2
The easy calculation formula is the same.
Example converting 72 Kilos:
The exact formula: Kilos = Pounds / 2.2
The easy but approximate formula: Kilos = Pounds/2 * 0.9
Example converting 160 Pounds:
|If no rounding is done, this gives the precise value for Pounds.
|This calculation leaves an error of around 1%; adding 1% to final result will give a more precise value in Kilos. The exact error is (1/2.2 - 0.9/2) / (0.9/2) = 1.0101...%, but 99% accuracy should be good enough for most day-to-day purposes.
Pounds (Exact & Easy)
[Calculators Rounded to 1 Decimal Digit]
|Calculator: Pounds → Kilos (Exact) → Kilos (Easy)
Easier Method for Temperature - Divide or Multiply by
As to whether the above method for Centigrade-Fahrenheit conversions is easy - well, it is easier than multiplying by 5 and dividing by 9. On the other hand, this is more complex than just dividing by 2, which is another way to handle 5 divided by 9, but that results in a greater error, one that is perceivable when experiencing the cold weather in Montréal!
For Fahrenheit to Centigrade conversions, using 1/2 instead of 5/9 gives an error of 11%, which can be a lot since 86 °F becomes 27 °C instead of the actual 30 °C.
For Centigrade to Fahrenheit conversions, using 2 instead of 9/5 gives an error that increases in proportion to the size of the Centigrade value, getting to a maximum of 20%. This can be a problem, for example, when looking at the thermostat that is set at 18 °C. Using the double and add 32 method gives 68 °F, but the correct value is 64.4 °F, and this difference will be noticeable in getting to the right level of warmth in the room.
This type of thing drove me crackers for years. Even the 'easy' methods weren't that easy. I'm much happier with this. Thank you so much for a useful and informative website.


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Allium schoenoprasum, known as chives, is a perennial monocot in the onion genus. It is the smallest species of the edible onions, and is the most widely distributed—it is only Allium species that is native to both the New and the Old World, found in Europe, Asia, and North America and growing in arctic regions up to 70° N latitude or in mountainous regions at lower latitudes (Brewster 1994). The name of the species derives from the Greek skhoínos (rush or reed) and práson—leek (Jaeger 1944). Its English name, chives, derives from the Latin word for onion (cepa).
Chives do not produce large bulbs, but instead send out new axillary shoots after 2 or 3 leaves have formed, with shoots attached to short rhizomes (Brewster 1994, Hilty 2011). The plant forms dense clumps with narrow, linear, hollow leaves, typically 15–30 cm tall. The flowers are packed in dense umbels and do not produce bulbils (small bulbs), in contrast to many other Allium species, which have more space between flowers and often produce bulbils.
Chive leaves and flowers are both edible. The leaves are widely used as a culinary herb in the cuisines of Europe; the flowers are used in salads. The flavor is similar to but milder than other onions. Chives can be used fresh or dried.
Chives produce sulfur compounds (including methyl sulfides and disulfides) similar to those found in garlic, but in much smaller amounts. They are considered to have similar medicinal properties (antifungal, antimicrobial, improving circulation, etc.), but they have limited use for medicinal purposes. The sulfur compounds appear to be produced in large enough quantities, however, to help ward off insect pests in gardens, so chives are used in companion planting.
Chives have been in cultivation in Europe at least since the 16th century; records of related Alliums, including onions, garlics, and leeks, are found in Egyptian and Mesopotamian records dating to 5000 B.C. The Romans believed chives could relieve the pain from sunburn or a sore throat, and that eating chives would increase blood pressure and acted as a diuretic (Wikipedia 2011).
Chives are primarily grown in home gardens and small farms. The total area commercially harvested globally in 1990 was 1000 hectares, with Denmark, New Zealand, and Germany leading production (Brewster 1994).
In North America, the native species is variously classified as A. sibiricum, A. schoenoprasum var. sibiricum, or A. schoenoprasum var. laurentianum, but cultivated varieties have escaped and naturalized and are interfertile with native ecotypes, so that distinguishing native from introduced types and mapping the native range and assessing its invasiveness is difficult (FNA 2011, Michigan Flora Online 2011). It appears that chives primarily invade disturbed areas adjacent to cultivation; the species is not as invasive as A. vineale, crow garlic, or A. canadense, wild garlic (Hilty 2011).
- Brewster, J.L. 1994. Crop production science in horticulture, Volume 15: Onions and other vegetable Alliums. Wallingford, Oxon, Great Britain: CABI Publishing. 2nd ed.
- FNA. 2011. Allium schoenoprasum. Flora of North America 26: 240. Retrieved 24 October 2011 from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027528.
- Hilty, J. 2011. Allium schoenoprasum. Illinois Wildflowers. Retrieved 27 September 2011 from http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/chives.htm.
- Jaeger, E.C. 1944. A source-book of biological names and terms. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
- MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. 2011. Allium schoenoprasum. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. University of Michigan. Web. October 26, 2011. http://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=42.
- Wikipedia 2011. "Chives." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 30 Apr 2011, 23:31 UTC. 22 May 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chives&oldid=429100492.
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Qualcomm Then and Now—Will the Next 25 Be as Innovative as the Last 25?
San Diego Xconomist Duane Roth,CEO of Connect, the San Diego nonprofit organization for technology and entrepreneurship, and founding CEO of Alliance Pharmaceutical.
Duane Roth: Qualcomm is positioned for the long term, as their primary focus is on defining new wireless technologies versus building products or services under the Qualcomm brand. By focusing on being the innovator, they stay at the leading edge in defining and patenting new enabling technologies to be applied by their product development and delivery service partners. I see Qualcomm flourishing in the next 25 years for a number of reasons: First they are in the center of the platform for communications for the next several decades—especially in the area of real time/ all-the-time information, including medical data and monitoring (global utility for health care delivery of the future), personal security, etc. Second, their business model is their strength and longevity—define the technologies that enable their partners to deliver the services. Finally, they are well-managed, with a great value system instilled by their founder.


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Firm grasp of reality
Co-workers had what it takes to make the cut and be winners on TV shows
It doesn't hurt that the Rescue Social Change Group employees are young and adventurous. Or that the founder, 26-year-old Jeffrey Jordan, is the kind of boss who is open to the idea of unpaid reality-show leave. Maybe because he himself auditioned for "The Apprentice" on more than one occasion.
It also helped that Whitney's work involves high-school students, and his "Amazing Race" jaunt happened during summer vacation. And while Campbell's three-month break wasn't convenient for anybody, his visibility made his absence easier to explain.
"Fortunately, the show was on live every week, so our clients could see where he was," Jordan said. "And there was nothing on the show that was embarrassing, so it was OK to send clients there. Everyone knows the stereotypes of how people act on reality shows, but Kevin and Cheyne came off as good people."
Whitney the blond sports nut and Campbell the dark-haired homebody may look like the office odd couple, but the co-workers and reality-show survivors have been following a similar life path.
"I grew up as a Jehovah's Witness, and religion provided me with a sense of awareness of society as a whole, and it made me think about how I could create a positive change in the world, which is why I came here," said Campbell, an SDSU graduate who was raised in Chula Vista.
Fellow SDSU grad Whitney was raised in San Carlos, where he met "Amazing Race" teammate and girlfriend Rickey when they were students at Dailard Elementary School. A social-science major, Whitney came to Rescue Social Change as an intern after years of working with at-risk high school students. He could probably live off his "Amazing Race" prize money, but Whitney has no plans to leave his employer or his high-school charges for a life of subsidized leisure.
"I was really lucky to be born with a natural leadership ability, and I had mentors and teachers who showed me that I could create positive change on a small scale," Whitney said. "I probably don't need to work, but the children at school depend on me, and I would feel bad if I ditched them. It's worth it to me to stick around."
That same go-getter attitude was ultimately what got Whitney and Campbell on their respective reality shows. That, and the extreme devotion that comes with being a fan. Whitney and Rickey were "Amazing Race" devotees long before they began auditioning for the show, and Campbell credits reality TV with helping him find himself.
"When I realized I was gay and I came out of the closet, the only place I saw gay men was on reality TV, and that really hooked me," Campbell says, citing such pioneering figures as the late Pedro Zamora of MTV's "The Real World: San Francisco" and "Big Brother 2" contestant Bill "Bunky" Miller. "These people had a real impact on my life. They were reflective of me, and that put a fire under me."
Years of fandom did not quite prepare either man for the reality of the reality-show experience. Campbell said the nonstop scheming turned the "Big Brother" house into one big pressure cooker. And as amazing as "The Amazing Race" was, Whitney said he and Rickey subsisted on just a few hours of sleep a night and a diet heavy in cucumber sandwiches. And he's still coming to terms with his on-air hair.
"I can't believe how tall my hair was," Whitney said of his spiky coif. "And how it never moved."
Stress and sleep-deprivation aside, would Whitney and Campbell ever get back in the reality-TV game? You bet they would. especially now that they know the most important rule of all.
"People try to be different from how they really are, but it's transparent," Whitney said. "If you're not being yourself, it's pretty obvious."


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COEUR d'ALENE, Idaho -- Authorities say a Spirit Lake teenager has died nearly two days after he was pulled from a mill pond.
The Kootenai Sheriff's Office says that 16-year-old August A.J. Marksworth died Friday morning in a hospital where he had been in critical condition since Wednesday.
That's when Marksworth and 15-year-old Nathan Thiers tried to wade across the pond. Marksworth went under the water after he stepped into an area about 8 feet deep.
Thiers was unable to pull his friend to shallower water and Marksworth sank to the bottom.
A sheriff's deputy rescued Marksworth from the bottom and he was taken to a Spokane, Wash., hospital.
Authorities say they believe Marksworth's death was a tragic accident and there is no indication of criminal activity.


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16.12.05 - By Jim Amato: On November 18, 1921, Johnny Dundee won on a fifth round disqualification over George "KO" Chaney to become the first recognized champion of the junior lightweight division.He would lose and then regain the title in a pair of 1923 fifteen rounders against Jack Bernstein. Dundee would lose the title for good in 1924 via a ten round points loss to Steve "Kid" Sullivan. In 1925, Sullivan would lose the title to Mike Ballerino. Later that year, Ballerino would be stopped by Tod Morgan.
Morgan would reign for four years before he was halted in two rounds by Benny Bass. In the summer of 1931, Bass would lose the title to the talented Kid Chocolate. In 1933, Frankie Klick stopped the "Kid." It would be sixteen years before the title would resurface again. On December 6, 1949 in the grand city of Cleveland, Ohio the great Sandy Saddler outscored the slick Orlando Zulueta for the "vacant" title.
It would be nearly a decade before a fight for the "vacant" title would take place. On July 20, 1959 Harold Gomes outscored Paul Jorgensen and the 130 pound division has been with us ever since. Gomes would lose the title in 1960 to a wonderful fighting machine from the Philippines named Flash Elorde. Flash would go on to establish himself as one of the best little fighters of that time period. Elorde would finally lose the title in 1967 to Japan's Yoshiaki Numata. Later that year, Numata would surrender the title to fellow countryman Hiroshi Kobayashi.
A little over a year later the fledging World Boxing Council decided that they would recognize the winner of a bout between Rene Barrientos and the dangerous Ruben Navarro which was won by Barrientos. In 1970 Numata would "regain" the crown with a points win over Barrientos. Over a year later Kobayashi would lose the "real" title to rugged Alfredo Marcano. A few months later, Numata would be dethroned by Ricardo Arrendondo.
To try to keep up the the exchanging of belts between the WBA, WBC and later IBF, would be a waste of space. The division was graced by some fine fighters. There was the power punching Ben Villaflor, the slick stylist Sammy Serrano and the great Alfredo Escalera. On January 28, 1978, the game Escalera would relinquish his title to possibly the greatest 130 pounder of all time. The "Explosive Thin Man" himself, Alexis Arguello.
Why is Arguello a good choice as the best 130 pounder ever? Rafael "Bazooka" Limon, Boza Edwards, Rolando Navarette and Bobby Chacon were all defeated by Alexis while he held the crown. All four would gain title recognition after Alexis moved up go after the lightweight title. That is how dominant Alexis was at 130.
The 1980's produced some fine titleholders such as Roger Mayweather, Hector Camacho, Julio Cesar Chavez, Rocky Lockridge, Azumah Nelson, Brian Mitchell and the popular Tony "Tiger" Lopez.
The 1990's gave us Genero Hernandez, Gabe Ruelas, Jesse James Leija, Arturo Gatti, Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Diego Corrales. The new millinium has produced Acelino Frietas and Joel Casamayor for starters. Still no one with the possible exception of Flash Elorde dominated the weight class like Alexis Arguello, the greatest junior lightweight of all time!
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DA Burley
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I can no longer sit back and allow Vampire infiltration, Vampire indoctrination, Vampire subversion, and the international Vampire conspiracy to sap and impurify all of our precious bodily fluids!
The comic only your ipod and xbox would read.
Where do old superfolk go when it's time to get out of the game? To Valhalla - Home for the Supertired. A Th3rd World Studios web comic. Updates every Tuesday and Thursday, without fail.
Ultimate X, where what we did was take your normal, everyday letter X, pump him full of drugs and booze, sex him up some and chuck on a fine pimp hat.
Ben Benson was a slacker comic illustrator until one fateful day when the God of the Dead Anubis gave him the power to turn into a zombie at will. Now he's a slacker superhero bringing the villains of the polluted city of St. Fredericks to justice!
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