text:
The play is a modern-day twist which has been extracted from Shakespeare's famed comedy play Much Ado About Nothing. The play used fragments of the Bard's original verse and their own dialogue, where they go back and forth between real and constructed time — in order to contribute to the parent story line, and allow it to proceed seamlessly. The play is also inspired by the very famous Yash Chopra romance and tragedy. Like any other sequel, this one also has a hero, a heroine, her best friend, and a villain with Shakespearean comedy which was staged in absolute Yash Chopra style.
Every actor in the play had one Shakespearean and one contrasting offstage character, which provided ample fodder to bring together contemporary expressions, problems, and classical comedy. Humour was created as the barriers between centuries and linguistic styles. The basic aim was to allow the audience see Shakespeare's usually intimidating plays as merry stories — stories that do not change with time, and whose characters remain as human today as they were 400 years ago.
Expressing her joviality on being a party of the play, Juhi Parmar (not to be confused with the TV actress), who is one of the directors of this play besides Siddhant Pusdekar and Aneesha Srinivasan, said, "The play shows on and off characters on stage and the contrasting personality each individual plays. I had started theatre with Aneesha and Siddhant five years back, and now came up with the idea of directing this play as after this, we all would be flying abroad to pursue our career."


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By the way, Kayapati's first code (same with mine) is working if you give smaller value, e.g: 1, for "Blog pages show at most" on reading settings. But it's not the case because user may want to use a "plugin" and the plugin can be using the number. I think it's a bug! What do you think guys?
Hi there,
I have almost the same problem as kayapati i hope somebody could help me. I found little diferent query for my custom post type but i'm newby in php and i don't know how to aply the solution you guys post here to my case.
Here is my code:
<?php $recent = new WP_Query('post_type=pronun&posts_per_page=4'); while($recent?>have_posts()) : $recent->the_post();?> // some content <?php endwhile; ?>

<?php previous_posts_link('‹ Previous Page') ?>

<?php next_posts_link('Next Page ›') ?>

That's it. I'll appreciate some help… thanks.
Hi All,
I am having problem not on the custom post type template page. But on the single page of that custom post type i created single post page for my custom type but the next_post_link() and previous_post_link() not displaying anything.
Thanks Neel
Hey guys a little help here please, I have the same issue with custom post types and the pagination (404 error) – ">http://pastie.org/1178764-
Ok my bad, 2 minutes after I posted this I resolved the issue with this post http://wordpress.org/support/topic/pagination-with-custom-post-type-getting-a-404?replies=1#post-1616810
There are several issues with custom post types and pagination. One of them can be solved by adding a post_type var to the url vars.
Example: example.com/category/books/page/2/?post_type=novels
Use this in your functions.php:
function custom_request($qv) {
$qs['post_type'] = get_post_types($args = array(
'public' => true,
'_builtin' => false
return $qs;
add_filter('request', 'custom_request');
It also works for Author's Archive, Feeds, and other places where you need the custom post types to appear.
VagrantRadio said
Haven't tried it in WP 3 .0 yet, but try this: http://snipplr.com/view/32185/wordpress-paginated-wpquery/
This just saved me hours of pulling my hair out
'paged' => get_query_var( 'paged' );to the query posts arguments array
matyo said
VagrantRadio saidThis just saved me hours of pulling my hair out <3 thanks!
Haven't tried it in WP 3 .0 yet, but try this: http://snipplr.com/view/32185/wordpress-paginated-wpquery/
How did this help you @matyo?
How/Where do I throw in the
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Scandal star Columbus Short was arrested on Thursday and taken into custody in Van Nuys, Calif., RadarOnline.com is reporting.
The controversial actor turned himself in after an arrest warrant was issued last month when he failed to appear in court for the criminal domestic violence case against him, stemming from allegations his wife, Tuere Tanee Short, made.
"He then pinned me on the couch and began to choke me," she described of the April 7, 2014 incident in a request for a restraining order .
PHOTOS: Celebrity Mug Shot Hall of Fame
"He placed the knife close to my neck and threatened to kill me and then kill himself."
Instead of appearing to answer to the allegations in court, Short, 31, fled to the Barbados and continued to skip out on hearings.
Incidentally, Short was also arrested over the July 4th holiday weekend for public intoxication when the troubled actor got into a bar fight.
PHOTOS: The Best And Worst Celebrity Mug Shots – Part One
Short's hearing on that case was today, but he missed it — because he was arrested for the domestic violence case.
Stay with RadarOnline.com as the story develops…


text:
Pune: In a bizarre case of marital row, couple fighting to save their marriage seem to be stuck in a strange circle of circumstances. While the marriage counsellor claimed in the judgement that neither amicable settlement nor separation is a viable solution, the additional session judge (Family court) A G Farswami has asked the couple to give the marriage a second chance. Though the woman had filed a criminal complaint against her husband and in-laws for dowry harassment and domestic violence, she still wished to continue her married life with her husband.
Bibewadi resident Sita (29) (names have been changed to protect identities) got married to Sumit (33) from Talegoan Dabhade on May 15, 2007. The two were living in a joint family — his parents and married brother. In a petition moved by Sita 2010 through her lawyer Sunita Nandakishor Jangam before family court, she pleaded for restitution of conjugal rights. Her petition claimed that for two months everything was fine, but later she was tortured by her husband and in-laws mentally and physical ill-treated. On September 28, 2008 she along with her parent met her husband and in-laws, but the man's family threatened to kill Sita, if she again came home to cohabit.
To resolve the issue, Sita approached city police woman grievance redressal cell. A case was filed against Sita's husband and in-laws under relevant sections of Indian Penal Code for ill-treatment and harassment.
Her husband Sumit's lawyer argued, "After a month Sita of marriage, Sita started picked up quarrels the family on petty issues. She would threaten to harm herself and even deprived him of physical intimacy." The couple were referred to a marriage counsellor on July 8, 2010 but the counsellor stated that neither reconciliation not amicable settlement is possible between the parties.
Judge Farswami observed, "The court tried to counsel Sita, but it was sad to hear that even in the 21st century woman have to struggle for their status in society. Irrespective of physical abuse, woman prefers to live at her matrimonial house. Sita intentions seem genuine and bonafide to resume cohabitation with Sumit." He has directed Sumit to restitute conjugal rights with Sita and take her back home.


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Rare 1913 nickel fetches over $3.1M at auction
Friday - 4/26/2013, 2:03pm EDT
SCHAUMBURG, Ill. (AP) -- A rare century-old U.S. nickel that was once mistakenly declared a fake and forgotten about for decades has sold at auction for more than $3.1 million.
The 1913 Liberty Head nickel is one of only five known to exist. But it's all the more prized because of its unusual back story: It was surreptitiously and illegally cast, discovered in a car wreck that killed its owner, declared a fake, forgotten in a closet for decades and then declared the real deal.
It was offered up for sale Thursday by four Virginia siblings at a rare coin and currency auction in the Chicago suburb of Schaumburg where it sold for well over the expected $2.5 million.
The winning bidders were two men from Lexington, Ky., and Panama City, Fla., who bought the coin in partnership, according to Heritage Auctions.
"Not only is it just one of only five known, genuine 1913-dated Liberty Head design nickels, this particular one was off the radar for decades until it literally came out of the closet after a nationwide search," said Heritage Auctions Vice President Todd Imhof.
The coin was struck at the Philadelphia mint in late 1912, the final year of its issue, but with the year 1913 cast on its face -- the same year the beloved Buffalo Head nickel was introduced.
A mint worker named Samuel W. Brown is suspected of producing the coin and altering the die to add the bogus date, according to Douglas Mudd, curator of the American Numismatic Association Money Museum in Colorado Springs, Col., which has held the coin for most of the past 10 years.
The coins' existence wasn't known until Brown offered them for sale at the American Numismatic Association Convention in Chicago in 1920, beyond the statute of limitations. The five remained together as a set under various owners until 1942.
A North Carolina collector, George O. Walton, purchased one of the coins in the mid-1940s for a reported $3,750. The coin was with him when he was killed in a car crash on March 9, 1962, and it was found among hundreds of coins scattered at the crash site.
One of Walton's heirs, his sister, Melva Givens of Salem, Va., was given the 1913 Liberty nickel after experts declared the coin a fake because of suspicions the date had been altered. The flaw probably happened because of Brown's imprecise work casting the planchet -- the copper and nickel blank disc used to create the coin.
"She kept the nickel in a box with family items in the closet, and it stayed there for four decades," said Givens' son, Ryan Givens of Salem.
After his mother's death, the siblings brought the coin to the 2003 American Numismatic Association World's Fair of Money in Baltimore, where the four surviving 1913 Liberty nickels were being exhibited. A team of rare coin experts concluded it was the long-missing fifth coin. Each shared a small imperfection under the date.
Since its authentication, the Walton nickel has been on loan to the Colorado Springs museum and has been publicly exhibited nationwide.
"This is one of the greatest coins at that price range," said one of the successful bidders, Jeff Garrett of Lexington, Ky.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Author(s): Gambetta, Diego
ISBN 10: 0691119376. See all ISBN's
Publisher: Princeton University Press
This is an eTextbook Learn More
How do criminals communicate with each other? Unlike the rest of us, people planning crimes can't freely advertise their goods and services, nor can they rely on formal institutions to settle disputes and certify quality. They face uniquely intense dilemmas as they grapple with the basic problems of whom to trust, how to make themselves trusted, and how to handle information without being detected by rivals or police. In this book, one of the world's leading scholars of the mafia ranges from ancient Rome to the gangs of modern Japan, from the prisons of Western countries to terrorist and pedophile rings, to explain how despite these constraints, many criminals successfully stay in business.
Diego Gambetta shows that as villains balance the lure of criminal reward against the fear of dire punishment, they are inspired to unexpected feats of subtlety and ingenuity in communication. He uncovers the logic of the often bizarre ways in which inveterate and occasional criminals solve their dilemmas, such as why the tattoos and scars etched on a criminal's body function as lines on a professional résumé, why inmates resort to violence to establish their position in the prison pecking order, and why mobsters are partial to nicknames and imitate the behavior they see in mafia movies. Even deliberate self-harm and the disclosure of their crimes are strategically employed by criminals to convey important messages.
By deciphering how criminals signal to each other in a lawless universe, this gruesomely entertaining and incisive book provides a quantum leap in our ability to make sense of their actions.
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ISBN 10: 0691119376, ISBN 13: 9780691119373, eISBN 10: 1400833612, eISBN 13: 9781400833610
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Groin pain is a common and often frustrating problem in athletes who engage in sports involving kicking, rapid accelerations and decelerations, and sudden direction changes. The most common problems are adductor strain, osteitis pubis, and sports hernia. Other causes must be considered, including nerve pain, stress fractures, and intrinsic hip pathology. There is significant overlap and multiple problems frequently coexist. Accurate diagnosis leads to directed treatment, with rehabilitation focused on functional closed-chain strengthening and core stability.
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Estefania CTwitter Statistics
@Estefaniayr - Tracking since October 2, 2011
Soy lo que ves, o me amas o me odias, primero conoceme de verdad y luego ya veras....nunca me juzgues nada mas conocerme, con el tiempo te puedo sorprender...❤
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BOSTON (October 31, 2013, 12 noon ET) Excessive fear can develop after a traumatic experience, leading to anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and phobias. During exposure therapy, an effective and common treatment for anxiety disorders, the patient confronts a fear or memory of a traumatic event in a safe environment, which leads to a gradual loss of fear. A new study in mice, published online today in Neuron, reports that exposure therapy remodels an inhibitory junction in the amygdala, a brain region important for fear in mice and humans. The findings improve our understanding of how exposure therapy suppresses fear responses and may aid in developing more effective treatments. The study, led by researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts, was partially funded by a New Innovator Award from the Office of the Director at the National Institutes of Health.
A fear-inducing situation activates a small group of neurons in the amygdala. Exposure therapy silences these fear neurons, causing them to be less active. As a result of this reduced activity, fear responses are alleviated. The research team sought to understand how exactly exposure therapy silences fear neurons.
The researchers found that exposure therapy not only silences fear neurons but also induces remodeling of a specific type of inhibitory junction, called the perisomatic synapse. Perisomatic inhibitory synapses are connections between neurons that enable one group of neurons to silence another group of neurons. Exposure therapy increases the number of perisomatic inhibitory synapses around fear neurons in the amygdala. This increase provides an explanation for how exposure therapy silences fear neurons.
"The increase in number of perisomatic inhibitory synapses is a form of remodeling in the brain. Interestingly, this form of remodeling does not seem to erase the memory of th
|Contact: Siobhan Gallagher
Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus


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Rockstar North throws caution to the wind with a more outlandish experience...
The final chapter in The Episodes of Liberty City (well the ones that Microsoft paid for) begins with a bang and refuses to let up. Concluding plotlines that began with 2008's GTA IV and developed through The Lost & Damned, The Ballad of Gay Tony introduces us to the world of nightclub impresario Tony "Gay Tony" Prince and his assistant Luis Lopez.
To a certain extent the events of GTA IV and The Lost & Damned have already established the duo. The central storyline of the blood diamonds, which came over to Liberty City along with Niko Bellic on The Platypus, is brought to a conclusion with a masterful approach and a sharp ending. We won't spoil the surprise, but it seems there's a moral in the tale for Liberty City's cast of nihilistic characters.
The focus on the glitzy (if not exactly glamorous) night-clubs and the lifestyle starkly contrasts the dark and grimy undertones of The Lost & Damned. The main plotline revolves around Luis' attempts to retrieve the bag of diamonds that were stolen from his boss, first revealed in GTA IV, expanded in The Lost & Damned and finally concluded in the events of The Ballad of Gay Tony. The crossover of the three plots arcs centres upon the deal with the Jewish Mafia in The Libertonian. We've previously seen it from the perspective of Niko Bellic and Johnny Klebitz, and now get to see it from Luis' viewpoint as he hi-jacks the deal. The way in which Rockstar has integrated the 'Episodes' into the GTA IV canon is nothing short of masterful. Like The Lost & Damned before it, such crossovers aren't blatantly dished out in an overt manner, but carefully delivered to ensure such moments have a genuinely satisfying effect. It's like a Guy Ritchie film, but with the substance to match the style and a little more intelligence. It's difficult to envision any other video game franchise having the depth and richness of its characters and universe to provide such a canvas.
But of course The Ballad of Gay Tony is a video game, and looking beyond its wealth of rich characters, elaborate plot-arcs, and clever scripts, it's reassuring to note that Rockstar North has decided to loosen the reigns a little when it comes to the more creative nature of the missions and the cast of flamboyant characters. Outlandish and over-the-top appear to be the themes running throughout the 27 missions on offer. There are too many missions that are worth noting, but examples of the most extreme include destroying a super-sized yacht, stealing a N.O.O.S.E tank which is being airlifted across the skies of Liberty City, and taking swings at an unfortunate chap strapped onto the front of a golf cart. The introduction of a parachute and base jumping highlights the shift away from the realism of GTA IV, and such a fan-favourite is superbly implemented across a handful of the main missions.
Cast as the son of a wealthy sheikh with aspirations to build the biggest skyscraper in Liberty City, the self-proclaimed British-Iranian comedian Omid Djalili as Yusuf Amir grabs the centre stage having briefly appeared alongside Playboy X in GTA IV. Of course the loose women and abundance of narcotics soon gets in his way, which leads to Yusuf providing the background behind some of the most memorable and entertaining missions. It all helps to put the fun firmly back into GTA. Arguably in the mindset to create a masterpiece, GTA IV got a little too caught up in trying to be realistic. Whether it's leaping off the tower of Liberty City's tallest skyscraper or indulging a sadistic whim with sticky bombs, The Ballad of Gay Tony contrasts the balance of gameplay that GTA IV and The Lost & Damned provided. The ability to replay missions and earn high scores under a range of different criteria compliments the switch in the style of mission challenges and provides a motive to replaying missions, something that GTA has occasionally lacked.
We noted from our playtest that The Ballad of Gay Tony places considerably less emphasis on the chore of making money and buying weapons. We never needed to visit an Ammu-Nation store and were constantly surprised by just how many weapons were at our disposal. Luis gets his hands on the deadly AA-12 Combat Shotgun early on in the game, and this is easily enough firepower to see you through the game, which will last between 8 and 10 hours excluding the side missions. It's fatal at short distances and equally lethal at range. Perhaps its effectiveness outbalances the game's challenge a little, but you get the feeling that Rockstar North was keen to put the focus squarely on having fun and the game is played at a much faster tempo as a result.
The Ballad of Gay Tony also introduces a series of new side missions that are amongst some of the best we've seen from the series, thankfully putting the tedium of bowling and darts to rest. Beyond the base jumping challenges which require you to land as closely to a specific target as possible, Luis' other job as a nightclub manager entail him ejecting anybody who's causing too much trouble and catering to the needs of the club's celebrity clientele. A mission that details Luis' mother's troubles with a loan-shark opens up a series of cage-fighting mini-games, in which you can participate or bet on the outcomes. The golf driving range can be revisited to compete in a series of swings to see who gets closest to the hole, while you can also drive around Liberty City and bust drug deals to earn the stash and cash. Multi-vehicle races that involve parachute jumps, speedboats and fast cars are the most enjoyable however, combining GTA's strongest elements into pulse-pounding races that are a genuine highlight.
It also seems that Rockstar North hasn't shied away from controversy with the final chapter. Luis is certainly a ladies man and happy to get his rocks off at any opportunity in scenes that leave little to the imagination. Now we're not morally opposed to seeing a GTA protagonist enjoying the company of a slightly strange looking female characters, but seeing bodies hurtling towards the ground from a skyscraper, with a city-line inspired by New York City, could perhaps be a little close to the bone for some.
The multiplayer modes also benefit from various tweaks and changes. Beyond the fun that parachutes bring (along with the new weapons and vehicles) the introduction of kill-streak and assisted kill bonuses helps to develop the experience into something that packs a little more substance.
Like The Lost & Damned before it, The Ballad of Gay Tony is available for 1600 Microsoft Points via the Xbox Live Marketplace. If you didn't catch The Lost & Damned the first time around, or perhaps unexplainably haven't had the pleasure of GTA IV yet, then we'd urge you to check out the 'Episodes From Liberty City' disc, which bundles both the downloadable titles together into an attractive box that doesn't require a copy of the original GTA IV to play.
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Added:Sun 24th Jul 2011 15:41, Post No: 37
@Post 36: No dude. If you're buying from Xbox Live/PSN, you need to have the original GTA IV game to play the DLC. If you buy the boxed copy of GTA IV: Episodes From Liberty City at retail (which includes The Ballad of Gay Tony and The Lost and Damned), then you don't need a copy of the original GTA IV game to play it.
Make sense?
Added:Sat 23rd Jul 2011 18:50, Post No: 36
So if I just bought the Ballad of gay tony on xbox with microsoft points, I wouldn't need the game disc?
Added:Tue 03rd Aug 2010 22:25, Post No: 35
get a ps3. i have one, and i love it so much more than xbox 360 because online is free, and you can browse the internet on the ps3. also, the graphics of gta iv are better on ps3 than on 360.
Added:Sat 13th Mar 2010 23:52, Post No: 34
ps3 sucks big bad gay balls.
Added:Sat 13th Mar 2010 23:51, Post No: 33
my friends say that i should trade in or sell my 360 and buy a ps3 because they are better but i think 360's are way better.What should i do
Added:Tue 16th Feb 2010 23:03, Post No: 32
lol less than a month to go till the ps3 gets the $50 million dlc that was supposed to be exclusively for 360 (get used to it this is the year playstation gets its own back on 360)
Added:Tue 16th Feb 2010 12:20, Post No: 31
Added:Wed 06th Jan 2010 22:53, Post No: 30
Added:Sun 29th Nov 2009 13:30, Post No: 29
love it
Added:Mon 23rd Nov 2009 22:58, Post No: 28
i meant [#@!?] the ps2... but [#@!?] the ps3 with it!
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The Tehreek-e-Taliban (TTP) attack on Karachi airport is testament to the tangled web of alliances and enmities spanning Pakistan's frontier badlands and stretching as far as Rawalpindi. The avowed reason for the attack, according to TTP spokesman Shahidullah Shahid — revenge for former chief Hakimullah Mehsud, killed in a US drone stroke in November last year — rings a little hollow. It could be a component, certainly, but the intervening gap half-a-year and events since Hakimullah's successor Maulana Fazlullah's rise to power suggest that the main motivation has more to do with the latter demonstrating his continued power in the face of internecine struggles and a change in the State's policy initiated by the Pakistani military.
Fazlullah's takeover of the TTP wasn't an easy affair given the realities of tribal splits and power bases within the TTP. Both his predecessors, after the TTP formally announced itself in 2007, Baitullah Mehsud and Hakimullah, belonged to the powerful Mehsud tribe that supplies a large portion of the TTP's manpower; Fazlullah himself, however, does not. Consequently, there have been months of deadly infighting between Fazlullah's loyalists and the rival faction led by Khalid Mehsud, culminating at the end of May in a formal split between the two. The latter has led his faction out of the TTP entirely, accusing his rival of un-Islamic practices such as attacks in public spaces, extortion and kidnappings — a respectable cover for his thwarted leadership ambitions.
As if Fazlullah didn't have enough on his plate already, the split has coincided with the army deciding that it does not, after all, care to follow the civilian leadership's lead in dealing with the TTP; it is gearing up to launch an offensive and has initiated air and artillery strikes. Rawalpindi may have a point here. The peace talks of the past few months initiated by the Nawaz Sharif administration have had little chance of achieving anything concrete with the government delegation packed with hardliners and TTP sympathisers. And past precedent — whether it was the Shakai peace agreement of 2004, the Srarogha peace agreement, 2005 or the Swat agreement, 2008 — shows that negotiations with militants in the border regions are unlikely to be productive if not accompanied by a broader reorientation of State policy,
Little wonder that Fazlullah has felt the need to make a statement with the high-profile airport attack, showing that he remains a force to be reckoned with. A solution to the problem he presents depends on various variables. If Mullah Omar, leader of the Afghan Taliban, reportedly horrified at the infighting at a time when he is looking to a united TTP to aid him in Afghanistan given the looming US drawdown, succeeds in his attempts to reconcile the factions, it could change the scenario considerably. Conversely, the Khalid faction could forge a working relationship with the army and ISI. There is the powerful Haqqani clan to consider as well. Rawalpindi has close links with it, seeing it as a valuable asset in Afghanistan — but if it chooses to aid the TTP, it could make the army's task in Pakistan far more difficult. And that, ultimately, is what it boils down to. As long as Rawalpindi continues to back militants it sees as integral to its strategic objectives in Afghanistan while attempting to take on other militants targeting the Pakistani State — all of whom are inextricably linked — attacks such as the one in Karachi will remain a constant threat.


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Barney: Sandberg's drive and dedication will help Phillies
The name "Ryne Sandberg" gets instant recognition, but the Cubs icon and Hall of Famer didn't want anything handed to him. He earned it in his post-playing career, managing for six years in the minor leagues before his big break with the Philadelphia Phillies this season.
[Sandberg: Baseball needs tougher penalties for PED users]
"That says a lot about his character," Cubs second baseman Darwin Barney said. "He didn't want to cut any corners or use his name to jump on a big-league staff.
"He wanted to learn how to be a manager and how to manage. He obviously did that the right way."
Sandberg's journey came full circle Friday afternoon as the interim Phillies manager. The crowd of 27,763 welcomed him with a warm reception, something Barney expected.
[MORE -- No regrets: Ryne Sandberg returns to Wrigley with Phillies]
"It's a special day for him and his family, coming back to this city that had a huge role in his life," Barney said. "There's not one fan in this city that has anything negative to say about Ryne Sandberg. What would they have? That he didn't get 10 Gold Gloves instead of nine?
"Win or lose, this will be a day that he remembers for a long time."
Sandberg made more than $25 million during his playing career, but ditched glamour, comfort and convenience for the rough travel life in the minors.
"You respect that a lot," Cubs manager Dale Sveum said. "A Hall of Famer that's done a lot of great things in a big market in one of the best cities in the world. He obviously doesn't need money or anything like that.
"To go back down and grind in the minor leagues - you just don't see a lot of guys [do that] and get on buses."
Sandberg's Phillies squad wound up winning his managerial debut at Wrigley Field 6-5, completing a comeback off the Cubs and ace Jeff Samardzija, who had built a 5-0 lead by the fourth inning.
[RELATED -- Mattingly: Change could be good for Sandberg]
Sandberg managed Barney at three different levels throughout the Cubs system, totaling 232 games starting with Low-A Peoria in 2007 (44 games), then Double-A Tennessee in 2009 (74) and finally Triple-A Iowa in 2010 (114).
"Every year I saw him, he was better and better at connecting with players," Barney said. "I think a lot of that has to do with once you get to Double-A and Triple-A, it's easier to see eye-to-eye with guys. At the lower levels, some guys aren't sure this is what they want to do and for certain guys like Ryno, it's hard for them to understand that because baseball is their lives.
"His development through the minors was a big example of his dedication to baseball and doing things the right way."
Barney was originally drafted as a shortstop, but had to switch to second base when Starlin Castro emerged as the Cubs' franchise shortstop.
Sandberg helped mentor Barney at second, utilizing the knowledge and instincts that helped him earn nine straight National League Gold Gloves from 1983-91. The lessons paid off for Barney, who is aiming for his second straight Gold Glove.
"I listened to everything he said," Barney recalled. "We worked hard together. He showed me how to turn double plays and laid the ground work for where I'm at now.
"He's just one of those guys that's so intense with his work and his preparation. I think it's stuff like that that rubbed off on me the most.
"We saw eye-to-eye on a lot of things when we were in the minor leagues together. It was very easy to play for him. What I took away the most was the work ethic and the attitude he instilled in me in how to play the game and how to approach the game every single day."


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Patriots rain on Ray's going-away bash
Patriots rain on Ray's going-away bash
Party poopers
Party poopers
The invitations were filled out discreetly and tucked secretly inside a safe-deposit box deep in the confines of The Stadium At The Mall, known to Bob Kraft as The Stadium ATM.
No one in the Patriots organization wanted Ray Lewis to know anything about the retirement party planned for the Ravens linebacker this Sunday in Foxboro.
Since it is being played out before a national TV audience anyway, the special accommodations the Pats have planned will be specially enjoyed most exuberantly by those 68,756 who snowshoe their way into Gillette Stadium.
|The article you requested has been archived
Will the Patriots cover the 9.5-point spread against the Ravens in the AFC Championship Game?
The Patriots will win by 10 or more points.
The Patriots will win, but not by 10 points.
The Ravens will pull out an upset win.


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Trade and Development Events
Migration of Central American Minors: Causes and Solutions
July 24, 2014 // 11:30am — 12:30pm
Latin American Program
Foreign Ministers of Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala discuss the regional perspective to the humanitarian crisis and unaccompanied minors.
Mexico Today: The Growth Challenge
June 17, 2014 // 9:00am — 11:30am
Mexico Institute
The Wilson Center's Mexico Institute and CIDAC (Center of Research for Development) are pleased invite you to a discussion of the current state of the Mexican economy. A panel of leading thinkers will discuss both the economic dimensions of the lack of strong growth as well as the politics of slow growth.
Europe, the U.S., and Africa: New Interests, Initiatives, and Partners
June 12, 2014 // 3:30pm — 5:00pm
Global Europe Program
In the past, the world scrambled for Africa to win slaves, territory, and resources. Today, the world scrambles with Africa to do business in global markets. Ludger Kühnhardt, a Global Fellow with the Center's Global Europe Program, launches his new book Africa Consensus: New Interests, Initiatives, and Partners. Kühnhardt argues that new African politics, African regional institutions, and global demand for partnerships in trade and security will lead the continent to new relationships with the United States, the European Union, and a number of emerging economies.
Envisioning a Competitive U.S.-Mexico Border
June 12, 2014 // 8:15am — 4:00pm
Mexico Institute
This conference will bring together top policymakers, the private sector, and civil society from both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border to examine ways to improve border management and strengthen the competitiveness of both the United States and Mexico.
The United States, Trade Remedies, and the WTO: What's Next?
May 08, 2014 // 9:00am — 11:00am
Canada Institute
In recent years, American trade remedies have been particularly controversial. No safeguard has ever been found to be WTO-consistent. Indeed, with the expiry of the softwood lumber agreement between Canada and the U.S. in 2015, trade remedy issues are certain to remain a central issue for American trade negotiators going forward. Please join the Canada Institute in welcoming a panel of the leading authorities on global trade remedies to discuss a range of issues pertaining to how the United States has addressed trade remedies in the past and what concerns may arise in future.
A Conversation with Augusto Nardes, President of Brazil's National Audit Court
May 06, 2014 // 2:00pm — 3:30pm
Brazil Institute
On May 6th, the President of the TCU, Minister Augusto Nardes, led a conversation about the achievements and challenges of making governments at all levels accountable for their use of public funds.
EU Progress Report on Eastern Partnership States
April 16, 2014 // 11:00am — 12:00pm
Global Europe Program
Mapping the development of the Eastern Partnership initiative, the European Commission released a progress report on the six Eastern Partnership States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The report outlines accomplishments achieved so far and indicates critical policy areas where more attention is needed. It also serves as a reference for the EU's approach towards the Eastern Partnership and, more specifically, the allocation of funding in the next seven years. This assessment comes one month after the EU discussed the "European Package" of incentives, intended to supplement the Association Agreements being discussed with several of the six states. Georgia and Moldova have initialed the Association Agreements last year and will be among the first countries to sign them this year.
The Brazil-U.S. Commercial and Investment Partnership
April 09, 2014 // 12:00pm — 2:00pm
Brazil Institute
On April 9, the Brazil-U.S. Business Council and ApexBrasil will host a seminar on future investment in between the U.S. and Brazil.
The End of the Union? London, Edinburgh, and the Battle for Scottish Independence
April 01, 2014 // 10:00am — 11:30am
Global Europe Program
On 18 September, Scotland will hold a referendum on its 300 year-old union with the rest of the United Kingdom. It is an historic event with the campaign battle already well under way. The Center's Global Europe Program will convene several leading experts to discuss the referendum campaign and the wider implications of a 'Yes' vote for Edinburgh, London and Europe.
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: A Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century
March 26, 2014 // 9:00am — 11:00am
Global Europe Program
On 10 March, the fourth round of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations between the European Union and the United States began in Brussels. This trade agreement is about more than just reducing tariff barriers; non-tariff barriers including regulatory issues are at TTIP's core. This event focuses attention on the significant regulatory chapter and the challenges and likely obstacles on the path to a successful agreement between the EU and the US.


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FIGURING OUT THE FUTURE: On Wednesday, November 16, after six previous meetings, the County Planning Commission (pictured) is scheduled to make its final decision on the Eastern Goleta Valley's next 20 years. Critics have grumbled that commission is changing too much of what a previous committee already approved after 38 meetings. But that's the way it works, says the county's long range planning director Jeff Hunt. "We have to respect the planning process," he said. "The Planning Commision isn't just there to rubberstamp a product. What's the benefit of that?"
Independent Discussion Guidelines


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Panasonic is tackling the market at the low end. Ultimately, the NV-GS37 has modest specifications – it's based around a single 800Kp (kilopixel) 1/6in CCD (charge-coupled device) without a memory-card slot. It can capture still images to tape at only 720x576 and features a 30x optical zoom – combined with the digital facility you have 1,000x zoom, which you'll never use.
The shutter can be varied from 1/50th to 1/8,000th, the iris from f/16 to f/1.8, and up to 18dB of video gain can be added. These are accessed using the joystick, which houses the Soft Skin mode, colour night view and white balance. There's even a built-in light, although it's not particularly powerful.
It's easy to use the GS37 with a tripod, but the lack of a DV (digital video) input is a problem. In good outdoor lighting, image quality is decent, but colour definition can't match some single-chip models. Indoors, images are grainy except in good light.


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Property Details
Villa, 7 Bedrooms, 7.5 Baths (Sleeps 18)
Come experience Costa Rica's most luxurious ocean view villa. Villa Santaluz offers you a vacation of a lifetime in a serene, tropical atmosphere.
Enjoy this 7 bedroom tropical paradise complete with daily maid and concierge services. Villa Santaluz provides all the comforts of home in a spectacular jungle like setting with amazing views of the the Pacific Ocean. Close to shopping, restaurants and night life.
Relax, get pampered and let the warm tropical breezes caress your skin as you enjoy this private resort.
Villa Santaluz is perfect for families, weddings, and large groups. It sleeps 18+ comfortably and has all the amenities of a 5 star resort in the privacy of your own villa.
Nestled on a private hilltop, Villa Santaluz offers you the best of Costa Rica: crystal clear waters, spectacular sunset views to the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Papagayo, lush tropical surroundings and excellent cuisine all in a luxurious and secluded private villa. Unwind in our tropical pool or relax under the stars in complete privacy, serenity and security.
Villa Santaluz is located in Playas Del Coco, just twenty minutes from Liberia (Daniel Oduber) International Airport - (LIR) and just minutes from dining, attractions and nightlife! Our Guanacaste region boasts warm weather year round, close proximity to several beautiful beaches, national parks & reserves, and local attractions.
For our adventurous guests, our concierge can suggest a full array of tours and activities from wildlife viewing by boat to swinging through the treetops on a canopy tour... or if you prefer to relax, try our wonderful therapists for an in room massage! We can arrange fishing, snorkeling, scuba, horseback riding, river rafting.... just about anything you can imagine!
This vacation resort villa is located in a private, gated community called Coco Bay Estates.
Recent Review
High school reunion
About the Owner
Mike and Nancy LaCaze came to Costa Rica 6 years ago to build their dream home and start a vacation rental business. Mike, owner of a real estate brokerage firm in San Diego, had his eye on Costa Rica from the beginning.
Nancy, an interior decorator and artist knew she had found paradise ad couldn't wait to get started on building their 5 star, 7 bedroom suite, all inclusive villa. 'After our first trip to Playas del Coco and Coco Bay Estates, there was never any doubt about the love affair Nancy and I had found with the beauty of the land and the beauty of the development of Coco Bay Estates where we chose to build the magnificent Villa Santaluz.
Dramatic views, beautiful quality and finishes and a well designed floor plan doesn't come close to describing how we feel each and every time we walk through our front door. You'd be hard pressed to find a better view in the entire world. We look forward to meeting you. Sincerely, Michael & Nancy LaCaze, San Diego, California.
Guestbook comments from the owner
Hi Gina,
Happy New Year!
I just wanted to send you a note to tell how wonderful our week was in Costa Rica and Coco Bay. We had a wonderful time. We were busy exploring, zip lining, boating and enjoying each others company.
We absolutely LOVED the house. It is beautiful. It fit our needs very well. Ana and Carlos were nice as can be. It was so nice to have my whole extended family stay comfortably in one house. I will for sure recommend this Villa to anyone I know that will be traveling to Costa Rica.
Thanks for all of your patience and guidance through the whole process.
Wishing you all the best.
4 Reviews
4.8 based on 4 traveler reviews
High school reunion
Great Birthday for Steve
Lori B
Villa with a view!
From the Owner
"We chose to build a vacation rental in this location because of the beauty of the land, the people and their culture, and the amazing private community of Coco Bay Estates."
Activity and Interests
Playas del Coco Costa Rica is beautiful. If offers adventure such as zip-lining, white water rafting, ATV riding, volcano tours, golf, deep sea fishing, snorkeling, nature hikes, ATV rides and paddle boarding. This warm and tropical environment is safe, friendly and a fantastic place to spend your vacation.
Rental rates
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Nov 21 2015 - Nov 28 2015
7 night minimum stay
Dec 19 2015 - Dec 26 2015
7 night minimum stay
New Years
Dec 27 2015 - Jan 2 2016
7 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
4 night minimum stay
|Notes: Rates are based on 6 guests; add $150 per night, per additional guest
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (USD) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.
Additional information about rental rates
Base weekly rate of $5,250 is for 6 adults. Rate varies depending on number of people in your group, season, and number of days rented. Please inquire for rate quote.
Holiday weeks (Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Years and Easter) have a premium rate; please call for pricing.
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- Today
From the Owner
"Enjoy a culinary cuisine like non other. Guests can choose to rent the villa with chef services that come with our all inclusive 3 gourmet meals a day. Come in from playing tennis, snorkeling or exercising in the fitness center and we'll show you what a 5 star vacation is like."
Property Type
- villa
- Family
- Romantic
- Air Conditioning
- Clothes Dryer ...
- Fitness Room / Equipment ...
- Garage
- Hair Dryer
- Internet ...
- Iron & Board
- Linens Provided ...
- Living Room
- Parking ...
- Towels Provided
- Washing Machine ...
- Coffee Maker
- Dishes & Utensils
- Dishwasher
- Kitchen ...
- Microwave
- Pantry Items
- Refrigerator
- Stove
- Toaster
- Child's Highchair
- Dining ...
- Dining Area
- Books
- DVD Player
- Music Library
- Satellite / Cable
- Stereo
- Television
- Video Library
Pool / Spa
- Private Pool
Onsite Services
- Concierge
- Massage
- Staff
- Events Allowed
- children welcome
- non smoking only
- pets not allowed
- wheelchair accessible
Location Type
- Beach View
- Ocean View
- churches
- health/beauty spa
- marina
- recreation center
- restaurants
Leisure Activities
- beachcombing
- bird watching
- boating
- eco tourism
- gambling casinos
- horseback riding
- paddle boating
- scenic drives
- shelling
- shopping
- sight seeing
- walking
- whale watching
- wildlife viewing
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/bank
- Babysitter
- fitness center
- groceries
- hospital
- laundromat
- massage therapist
- medical services
Sports & Adventure Activities
- deepsea fishing
- equestrian events
- fishing
- golf
- hiking
- jet skiing
- kayaking
- mountain biking
- parasailing
- rafting
- sailing
- scuba diving or snorkeling
- snorkeling
- snorkeling/diving
- surf fishing
- surfing
- swimming
- tennis
- water skiing
- water tubing
- whitewater rafting
Floor Area
- 6500 sq. ft.
- 7 Bathrooms,
- 1 Half Bath
- Bathroom 1 - toilet, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 2 - toilet, tub, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 3 - toilet, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 4 - toilet, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 5 - toilet, tub, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 6 - toilet, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 7 - toilet, tub, shower, double sinks
- Bathroom 8 - toilet, powder room
- 7 Bedrooms, Sleeps 18
- Bedroom 1 - 1 king, King Size Suite
- Bedroom 2 - 1 king, King Size Suite
- Bedroom 3 - 3 bunk bed, Kids bunk room with separate boys/girls bathrooms
- Bedroom 4 - 1 king, Interchangeable king, can be made into two twin beds
- Bedroom 5 - 1 king, King Size Suite
- Bedroom 6 - 1 king, King Size Suite
- Bedroom 7 - 1 king, King Size Suite
- Every bedroom is a master suite with its own private bathroom. One suite offers no television for those guests who prefer this. The bunk room offers TWO private baths for boys and girls.
- Balcony
- Deck / Patio ...
- Lawn / Garden
- Outdoor Grill
- Tennis
- Guests provide their own meals
Learn more about this vacation rental at the owner's website
- Villa includes membership to a state-of-the-art fitness and tennis center, ocean front beach club, yoga pavillion and large 37 meter tropical pool. Also includes access to private beach club on the shores of Ocotal.


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Jason Varitek is a former American professional baseball player who has a net worth of $30 million. Born on April 11, 1972 in Rochester, Michigan, Varitek is best know for his position as catcher in Major League Baseball. He was a switch hitter and threw right-handed and made his MLB debut with the Boston Red Sox on September 24, 1997. Also known as "Tek," Varitek was a rare player in the he remained with one team for the duration of his career. He maintained a batting average of .256, a total of 193 home runs, and 757 runs batted in. He is a three-time All-star, a two-time World Series champion, and received the Gold Glove Award in 2005, the Silver Slugger Award in 2005, and both the Golden Spikes Award and Dick Howser Trophy early in his career in 1994. He began playing Little League Baseball in 1984 and proceeded to play for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets in college. He is currently known as Special Assistant to the General Manager to the Boston Red Sox after having retired from the league on March 1, 2012. He made his last MLB appearance with the Red Sox on September 25, 2011. He is currently married to second wife Catherine Panagiotopoulos and has three children by the names of Kendall, Alexandra, and Caroline.
Jason Varitek
Jason Andrew Varitek, nicknamed 'Tek', is a former American Major League Baseball catcher for the Boston Red Sox. He currently works for the Red Sox as a "Special Assistant to the General Manager". After being traded as a minor league prospect by the Seattle Mariners, Varite...
Baseball player
Date of Birth
- April 11, 1972
- Jason Andrew Varitek
- Tek
- 6 ft 1 in (1.8796 m)
- 210 lbs (95.2543977 kg)
- United States of America
View Full Profile
- United States of America
Notable Appearances
- Fever Pitch


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continued Some towns held steady. Clinton only had one, so they couldn't cut a site. Ellenburg and Dannemora both voted to keep their polling sites because of the size of their townships. It would be too much of a hardship for older citizens to drive from one side of those rural towns to the other, was the consensus at their town board meetings.
Another issue for the board of elections is that the Village of Dannemora covers area represented by two different county legislators, so state law prohibits consolidating those sites.
The board of elections didn't need the towns' approval to change polling sites or election districts. They cut election districts from 70 to 53 in the county and polling sites from 41 to 32. That board is vested with the authority to alter those rolls as it sees fit.
But they know that town boards understand their citizens and geography much better than the county, so they asked first. The towns that voted against closing polling sites were allowed to keep them and continue to cover costs.
The Board of Elections is sending out postcards to affected voters to let them know about changes to primary and general election sites. Primaries will likely have fewer polling places than the maximum available.
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Beltran has knee surgery, will miss Mets' opener
NEW YORK This year, the New York Mets are hurting before the season even starts.
Carlos Beltran had surgery on his troublesome right knee Wednesday and the All-Star center fielder is expected to miss the start of the season. His decision to have the operation also sparked a dispute about whether he had received permission from the team, and perhaps whether the surgery was needed.
Either way, it's more bad news for the Mets, ravaged by serious injuries to several stars last year while sliding to 70-92 and fourth place in the NL East. Hoping for a fast start to the upcoming season, New York will likely be without one of its best players for at least the first few weeks.
A person with knowledge of the situation said Beltran did not obtain advance written consent from the club to have the surgery, which was performed by his personal physician, Dr. Richard Steadman, in Colorado. The person spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because the Mets didn't discuss the matter publicly.
Beltran's agent, Scott Boras, said the guarantee language in the slugger's contract requires advance written permission only for elective operations.
"This was necessary surgery, necessary surgery to work," Boras told The Associated Press.
The Mets might claim that the operation was elective.
Boras said Steadman spoke with Mets medical director Dr. David Altchek on Monday and again after Beltran was examined in Colorado on Tuesday, and that Steadman obtained Altchek's consent for the surgery.
Boras also said he called Mets executives Monday to tell them Beltran was going to see Steadman and that they should keep in touch with Altchek. The agent said he traveled to Colorado with Beltran for the exam.
The person with knowledge of the situation said Altchek was not authorized to give consent because he is not a Mets official.
"Dr. Steadman has represented to us that he spoke with the Mets' physician and he received consent to go forward with the plan and the surgery," Boras said. "Dr. Steadman has told us that his office contacted the Mets trainer and obtained the appropriate insurance forms and received approval for payment to go ahead with the surgery."
The team said Beltran is expected to resume baseball activities in 12 weeks, a timetable that likely would keep him out for most of April - maybe longer.
New York's first official workout for pitchers and catchers is a little more than five weeks away, on Feb. 20. The Mets open the season April 5 against Florida.
"The doctor said eight weeks, possibly, and a window to 12 weeks to resume baseball activities. With elite athletes, the timetable is sometimes shorter than the original prognosis," Boras said.
In a statement released Wednesday night, the Mets said Beltran's osteoarthritis worsened during the offseason and he decided to have arthroscopic surgery to clean out the arthritic area of his knee.
The procedure was performed by Steadman, considered one of the top knee surgeons in the world. He is noted for his work performing microfracture knee surgery on basketball players.


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A shared resource lock mechanism is provided which enables processors in a multi-processor environment which each share common resources to obtain locks on those resources. The lock mechanism also includes a reserve feature which provides a mechanism for a processor to maintain a lock on a resource for several input/output cycles. The lock mechanism combines the lock feature and the reserve feature in a single structure. This combination allows a processor to manipulate both the lock data and reserve data in a single transaction. Thus, in transactions requiring manipulation of both the lock and reserve elements, overhead is significantly reduced. In addition a unification of software routines which manipulate the lock and reserve data is achieved.
1. A method of providing lock services for shared resources where said resources may be locked over several input/output (I/O) transactions, said method comprising the steps of:
providing, for every one of said resources, an associated lock structure stored in a memory accessible by a plurality of requesting devices, said lock structure including a lock portion a reserve portion and a state portion;
setting, by one of said requesting devices a hardware lock on a memory location corresponding to one of said lock structures associated with a desired resource;
examining the contents of said one lock structure to determine if another requesting device has previously locked said desired resource; and
if no other requesting device has previously locked said desired resource, in a single transaction, writing data to said one lock structure lock information to said lock portion and reserve information to said reserve portion; and
after said writing step, releasing said hardware lock.
2. A storage system comprising:
a plurality of storage devices;
a memory coupled to said plurality of storage devices;
a plurality of lock data structures associated corresponding to said plurality of storage devices, each of said lock record data structures including a lock portion a reserve portion; and
a controller coupled to said memory and operable to gain a lock on one of said lock data structures and for modifying in a single transaction, and the associated lock portion and reserve portion of said one lock data structure.
3. The data storage system as in claim 2 wherein said controller further comprises a central processing unit and local memory and wherein said operation of said controller is responsive to software instructions read from said local memory and executed by said central processing unit.
4. The data storage system of claim 3 wherein said controller is configured to be coupled to a host computer and is responsive to instructions received therefrom for accessing said storage devices.
This invention relates generally to data processing systems and more particularly to a method and apparatus for flexible, unified lock mechanism for accessing logical devices within a data storage system.
As it is known in the art, data processing systems generally include several types of processing resources which may be interconnected by one or more communication busses. In addition to the processor resources, data processing systems also generally include some sort of memory which is typically shared amongst the processor resources. As is common in many computer systems these processing resources may act independently to perform different processing tasks. Since each of the processing resources may act independently there may arise a situation where there is contention for the shared memory resources within the system.
One example of a data processing system which includes several processing resources coupled to a common memory over one or more busses are data storage systems such as the Symmetrix family of data storage systems manufactured by EMC Corporation. These storage systems are typically capable of being coupled to several different host computers at any given time and provide storage services to each of those computers independently. In order to support transactions between a plurality of host computers simultaneously the storage system includes several host controllers for managing the communication between the host computer and the storage system. In addition, the Symmetrix storage systems mentioned above include several disk controllers which are each responsible for managing one or more arrays of disk type storage devices.
In addition to the host controllers and disk controllers mentioned above the storage subsystem may also contain a very large global memory which is used to manage the transfer of data from the host computers to the storage devices as well as to manage the transfer of data from the storage devices to the host computer.
During the operation of the data storage system described above, in order to read or write data to a particular device in the storage system, it is often necessary for any one or the host computers to obtain a lock on a that particular device. Locking a device is often necessary to insure channel (i.e. communications over a path) serialization. One method known in the art for providing a lock on a storage device is to utilize a device lock data structure along with a reserve data structure. Locking a device then would require at least writing data to the lock structure and in some instances, writing data to the reserve data structure. The reserve data structure would typically be used to ensure a lock on a particular device throughout several input/output (I/O) transactions between a host computer and the particular device. Here, once one host reserved a particular device, no other host would be able to gain a lock on the device, and no other device could force a reset of the lock. Thus, in some instances two complete data transactions are required at the beginning of each I/O. When the host was finished with its data transaction with the locked device, it would then need to release both the lock and the reserve. The end of an I/O would then require two additional I/O operations.
In systems that employ locks, often a command other than an unlock command from the setting host (e.g. system command) may be utilized to reset a lock by modifying the associated lock record. Since there are two separate data structures for the lock and the reserve, a situation can arise where a lock has been released without the appropriate release of the reserve. This leads to a data integrity problem and a loss of access to a particular device when no host actually is using the device for data transactions, since as described above, when a device is reserved, no other host may lock the device for access.
It would be advantageous therefore to provide a data processing system which employs an efficient and reliable system of locks in order to provide access to shared resources such as storage devices.
In accordance with the present invention, a lock mechanism for managing shared resources in a data processing system is provided. The lock mechanism provides, in a single structure, the resources needed to both lock and reserve a resource. The reserve feature allows a resource to be locked for several I/Os without having to release and relock the resource for each transaction. In one aspect of the present invention, a method of providing lock services for shared resources, where the resources may be locked over several input/output (I/O) transactions includes providing, for every one of the resources, an associated lock structure stored in a memory and accessible by a plurality of requesting devices. The said lock structure includes a lock portion and a reserve portion. The method also includes setting, by one of the requesting devices a hardware lock on a memory location corresponding to a particular one of the lock structures associated with a desired resource. After the hardware lock is acquired, the contents of the lock structure are examined to determine if another requesting device has previously locked the desired resource. If no other requesting device has previously locked the desired resource, then, in a single transaction, lock data and reserve data are written to the to said lock portion and the reserve portion respectively. After the lock and reserve information is written, the hardware lock is released. With such an arrangement, a resource may be locked and reserved using a single transaction, thus dramatically reducing the processing overhead associated with I/Os to the resource. Furhtermore, unification of the software routines which manage the locks of the present invention may be achieved.
The above and further advantages of the present invention may be better understood by referring to the following description taken into conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the data processing system incorporating the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the storage system incorporating the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of exemplary ones of the memory and controllers of the storage system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary one of the lock mechanisms included in a memory of the storage system of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the storage system of FIG. 2 in using the lock mechanism of the present invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1, computer system 10 is shown to include, among other things, a plurality of host computers 12a-12n, coupled to a storage system 14 via communication paths or busses 13a-13n respectively. The host computers may each be any of a well-known type of computer system. For example, host 12a may be a mainframe computer or may be an open-systems computer or alternatively may be a personal computer. Since each of the computer systems just mentioned typically communicates using a specific communication protocol buses 13a-13n will correspondingly be those buses specific to the computer system to which they are coupled. That is for example, assuming host 12b is an open-systems type computer system (e.g. running the UNIX Operating System) bus or communication path 13b would typically be a SCSI type communications path or a fiber-channel communications path. All communications over bus 13b would therefore adhere to either the SCSI or fiber-channel communications protocols respectively.
The storage system 14 of computer system 10 may be a mass storage system which, as will be described in more detail below, includes several individual components coupled via an internal communications path. The communications path according to the preferred embodiment may include one or more buses. Referring now to FIG. 2 the storage system 14 of FIG. 1 is shown in more detail. Here the storage system includes a plurality of host controllers 21a-21n which are, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, coupled alternately to buses 22 and 23. Each host controller 21a-21n is responsible for managing the communication between its associated attached host computers and storage system 14. The host controllers of the preferred embodiment may include on or more central processing units (CPUs). The controller CPUs operate under program control to manage the flow of data between an associated host computer and the storage system 14. Each host controller 21a-21n may also include an internal queue 27a14 27n respectively. As will be described in more detail below, the internal queue is used to store incoming requests from an attached host computer until the request can be serviced by the storage system.
Also coupled alternately to buses 22 and 23 are a plurality of disk controllers 25a-25n. Controllers 25a-25n are here similar in construction to controllers 21a-21n. That is, each includes at least one CPU configured to operate under control of a program loaded into an associate CPU program memory. Coupled to each disk controller 25a-25n is an array of storage devices 26a-26n which as shown here may be magnetic disk devices. Like the host controllers described above, each disk controller is responsible for managing the communications between its associated array of disk drives and the host controllers or memory 24 of storage system 14.
In the storage system of the preferred embodiment, each physical storage device may include one or more logical devices. A logical device is an identification by which the attached host computers refer to the storage devices. A logical device may be a portion of a physical device or may include and entire physical device. In some instances, a logical device may also span several physical devices.
In addition to the controllers described above, storage system 14 also includes a global memory 24 coupled to both buses 22 and 23. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a portion of global memory 24 serves as a very large cache. The cache is used as a staging area during the transfer of data between the host computers and the storage devices of disk arrays 26a-26n. In addition, the global memory includes a number of single entry queues or device records. Each logical device of storage system 14 has an associated device header data structure in memory 24. The device headers are here the means by which the host controller communicates with the associated logical devices. That is, in order for a host controller to send a request for data to a particular device, the host controller will arbitrate for access to one of the busses 22, 23 in order to communicate with memory 24. Once access is granted, and as will be described in detail below, the host controller will attempt to set a lock on the target device associated with the data transaction. Once locked, the host controller places its request in a device request portion of the device header. The associated disk controller then reads the request from the device header and performs the data transaction.
Referring now to FIG. 3, an exemplary host controller 21 is shown to include a plurality of device records 30a through 30n. The actual number of device records corresponds to the number of logical devices which may be accessed by host controller 21. In the preferred embodiment the logical devices are created during a configuration procedure wherein the logical devices available to each host controller are established and assigned. With this information, the host controller creates a device queue for each logical device for which is has access. Each device record is used to store data requests received from the host computer which are directed to a particular logical device. Generally, when host controller 21 receives a data request from the host computer it identifies which logical device is the target of the data request by examining the address sent by the host. The request is then placed in the appropriate request queue. For example, a data request to logical device zero may be stored in device record 30a.
As described earlier memory 24 includes a plurality of device headers 40a through 40n where each device header is associated with a particular logical device. Thus the total number of device headers in memory 24 corresponds to the total number of logical devices in storage system 14. Each request for read or write of data to a particular logical device requires that the request be placed in the appropriate device header (i.e. mailbox within the device record) corresponding to that logical device. However, as will described below, before a host controller places an entry in a mailbox of the device header it must first obtain a lock on the associated device and prevent any other host controller from placing an entry in the device header.
Still referring to FIG. 3, each device header 40a-40n is shown to include a lock 41a-41n respectively. Each time host controller receives a request from a host computer, that request will be targeted to a particular logical device of the array 26. As described earlier, in order for the controller 21 to gain access to a particular logical device, it must first obtain a lock on that device. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of obtaining a lock on a logical device is accomplished by utilizing a software routine running on the CPU of controller 21 which writes certain data to the lock record of the particular logical device. The process performed by the controller generally includes a first step of checking the lock record to see if another controller currently has a lock on the device. If no other controller has locked the device, the first controller will lock it.
According to the present invention, a new lock record and associated lock process are provided. Referring now to FIG. 4, an exemplary lock record according to the preferred embodiment the present invention is shown. The lock record is here eight bytes in length. In accordance with the present invention and as shown in the figure, the lock record of the present invention includes information which allows a user to perform both the lock and reserve functions using a single lock record. One immediate advantage to this type of structure is that, with the appropriate use, locking and reserving functions can be performed in a single transaction. Another benefit is the unification of the software which may be utilized to manipulate the locks and reserve.
As stated earlier, the lock structure 41 is here eight bytes in length. The first byte, Byte 0 is used to store the current state of the device. Here the state is used to indicate whether the device is operating in single path or multi-path mode. If a device is in single path mode, it would respond to a request to a host request through the same host controller which placed the request in the device record. Referring back FIG. 2, if a logical device received a request via a particular I/O port on controller 21a, then in single path mode, the request would be answered via the same I/O port of controller 21a. On the contrary, if a device was operating in multi-path mode, a request received via 21a might be answered via any one of the I/O ports on any one of the controllers 21a-21n.
Bytes 1 and 2 of lock record 41 are used to identify the permissible paths by which a device may communicate with a particular host. This information is valid when a device is in multi-path mode. Here a path identifies a particular port over which communications are received from a host. In the preferred embodiment, each controller supports up to four ports (i.e. four host connections). In many instance a single host may be coupled more than one port. Thus, in multi-path mode, the permissible ports of communication are identified for each transaction with a logical device.
Byte 3 of lock record 41 hold the lock status of the associated logical device. A value of "L" indicates that the device is locked. Before a host controller may set a lock on a device, it must first check to see if the device has already been locked by another controller. This may be accomplished by reading the lock record and examining the lock status byte. If the device has been previously locked, the controller may then enter a wait cycle until the lock is released. In order to place a request into the device record, the controller will set the lock byte by writing an "L" to Byte 3. In addition, the remaining information for bytes 0-2 and 4-7 should be entered as well.
Bytes 4 of lock record 41 is use to store the identification of the controller which currently owns the lock on the device (i.e. the controller by which the request was received). Byte 5 of lock record 41 is used to store the identification of the path over which the request was received. That is, it identifies the particular port of the host controller which received the request from the host computer. When the storage system is operating in single-path mode, the response to the host request must be service through the same port that the request was received on.
Byte 6 of the lock record is here unused. In the case that additional ports or controllers are available in the storage system, this byte may be used to expand the storage for bytes 4 and or 5. Byte 7 of lock record 41 is, according to the present invention, used to store reserved information as reserve flags. As explained previously, the reserve information provides a means for a host to maintain a lock on a logical device during several I/O cycles. As is readily apparent, by integrating the reserve information into the lock record 41, a single point for lock maintenance is provided. Additionally, by combining the previously separate lock record and reserve word a single transaction may be used to set or reset both the lock and reserve information.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the operation of the lock mechanism of the present invention will now be described in connection with flowchart 100. At the start of the process, one of the host controllers of the storage system has received an I/O request from an associated host computer. In order to service the request, the host controller must communicate with the logical device which is the target of the I/O. A first check is performed at step 110. Here values for the force flag and group id number (GIDN) are checked. It should be noted that in the preferred embodiment, these values are passed to the lock mechanism software routine. This initial check (as well as checks at steps 120, 140, and 160) are used to determine what type of lock request has been received and thus which process flow is to be taken in managing the lock on the device.
Continuing with step 110, at this step, if it is determined that a group request or a force request has been received, the process moves to step 111 where a read of the lock record is performed using a hardware lock on the memory location storing the lock. The hardware lock is used to ensure that no other process changes the lock while it is being read. Here, at step 111, if the process (i.e. the requesting host controller) is not able to get the hardware lock, it spins on the hardware lock flag until it receives the lock and thus can read the lock structure. Once the host controller reads the lock, it determines, at step 112 whether any other host processor has a lock on the target device. If another host controller does have a lock on the device, then, at step 113, a check is done to see if the controller which has the lock has the same GIDN (i.e. is related to the same host computer). If the lock is held by a controller with the same GIDN, a check is performed at step 114 as to whether the reserve state of the device lock is to be changed. If the reserve state is to be changed, processing continues at step 126 (as indicated by the arrow to the "C" bubble) where the device lock state is changed to include the new reserve. Note here, that other information may change in the lock structure as well. For example, the controller number associated with this request may be different than the previous controller even though they share the same GIDN. At this point, processing moves to step 190 where a lock device function is performed, thereby updating the contents of the device lock data structure. In addition, the previously set hardware lock is reset. At this point, the process moves to step 198 where the reserve state is updated and the process completes.
If at step 112, the device lock had not been set by another controller, processing moves to step 115 where a check is performed to see if the force flag had been set by the calling routing. If the force flag had not been set, processing moves to step 184 where the lock is left unchanged and the hardware lock on the memory location of the lock structure is released. At this point processing moves to step 194 which includes setting a value to indicate an error. The flow then moves to step 198 where the reserve state is updated and the process completes. If at step 115, the force flag had been set, a check is performed at step 116 to see if it the intention is to change the reserve state of the lock. If there is no intent to change the reserve state, the process moves to step 190 where the device is locked by updating the lock structure. Additionally, the hardware lock is released. At step 192, a value is set to indicate success and the process move to step 198 operating as described previously. If at step 116, there was an indication that the reserve state was to be changed, the process first moves to step 126 where the reserve state is set and the process then moves to step 190 as described above.
Another possible process flow occurs when neither the force flag nor the GIDN parameters have been passed by the calling routine. When this occurs, the process passes step 110 and a check is performed at step 120 to determine whether a parameter has been passed by the calling routine to indicate that a change in the reserve state is requested. If a change in reserve state is requested, the process moves to step 122 where a hardware lock is obtains as described above for step 111. After the hardware lock is set, a check is performed at step 124 to determine if the controller requesting the change in reserve state has the same GIDN as the GIDN value as the controller which previously set the lock. If the GIDNs do not match, processing moves to step 184 and proceeds as described previously. Alternately, if the GIDNs do match, then the process moves through steps 126, 190, 192, and 198 and described previously.
Yet another process flow for the lock mechanism of the present invention (which would here be considered the "normal" flow) passes through step 140 to step 160. At this point a check is performed to determine the mode of operation of the host as it relates to the storage system. As described previously, the host may operate in either single path or multi-path mode. The normal operation with respect to certain mainframe computers is multi-path mode. Thus, from step 160, the process would move to step 170 where the controller gets a hardware lock on the memory location associated with the device lock data structure. Then, at step 180, the lock status the device is checked. If the device is not locked, the process moves to steps 190, 192, and 198 as described previously. If however the device has already been locked, the GIDN number of the requesting controller and the owner of the lock are compared at step 181. If the GIDNs match, then at step 185, the existing reserve state is copied and the device is locked at step 190 (then continuing through steps 192 and 198 as above). If the lock state and GIDN combined don't match at step 181, the lock is checked to see if it is in the suspend state. If the lock is not in the suspend state, the lock attempt fails, with the process moving through steps 184, 194, and 198 as described previously. If the lock is in the suspend state, the lockword is compared as though it were in the multipath state at step 183. If this comparison is equal, the process continues through steps 185, 190, 192, and 198 to copy the reserve, set the lock, indicate success, and update the local reserve state respectively. If the comparison at step 183 is not equal, the lock attempt fails, with the process moving through steps 184, 194, and 198 as described previously.
If the host associated with the request is not in multi-path mode, as determined in step 116, then the process moves through steps 142 and 144 to get a hardware lock and check the device lock. If the device is not locked, the process moves through steps 190, 192, and 198 as described previously. If the device is locked, the ID of the locking controller is checked against the current requesting controller. If the values match, the process moves through steps 185, 190, 192, and 198 as described previously. If the controller ID values do not match, the lock attempt fails with the process moving through steps 184, 194, and 198 as described previously.
The present invention is broadly applicable to multi-processor data processing systems which access shared resources over single or multiple paths. For example, a multi-processor, multi-bus computer system may employ the lock features to allow the plurality processor to have coordinated access to the common resources (e.g. memory, I/O devices). Having described a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will now become apparent to those of skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating its concepts may be provided. It is felt therefore that this invention should not be limited to the disclosed embodiment but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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