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Hosmer's HR sends Royals to 6-5 win over Indians
KANSAS CITY, Mo. Eric Hosmer hit a go-ahead homer in the seventh inning, and the Kansas City Royals rallied after losing outfielder Alex Gordon to a head injury to beat the Cleveland Indians 6-5 on a wild Wednesday night at Kauffman Stadium.
Hosmer connected with two outs off Indians reliever Cody Allen (3-1), one inning after Gordon collided with the bullpen fence while tracking a fly ball. The Gold Glove outfielder remained down on the warning track for several minutes before slowly standing up and walking off the field.
Will Smith (1-1) pitched 1 2-3 innings of scoreless relief for the Royals, and Greg Holland managed the ninth to help Kansas City snap a three-game skid against the Indians.
Holland worked around an error by shortstop Alicdes Escobar for his 18th save.
Jason Kipnis ended up with a three-run, inside-the-park homer on the play that Gordon was injured, extending his hitting streak to 14 games. But the bullpen failed to hold the 3-1 lead that he provided, ultimately snapping Cleveland's five-game winning streak.
The start of the game was delayed 2 hours, 37 minutes by a stubborn rain cloud that refused to budge from over the stadium, even though there were clear skies not more than a mile away.
The delay caused more problems in the seventh inning, when the clock hit midnight. A glitch in the stadium computer system caused about half of the lights to go out, and it took 12 minutes for them to cool enough to come back on and allow play to resume.
The Royals carried a 1-0 lead into the sixth inning in what was shaping up as a tidy pitching duel between Jeremy Guthrie and Indians counterpart Scott Kazmir.
Michael Bourn and Asdrubal Cabrera led off the sixth with singles, and Kipnis hit a fly ball deep to left field. Gordon was tracking it the whole way but slammed his head into the fencing of the Royals bullpen as he leaped for the ball, crashing into a heap on the warning track.
He remained down while Kipnis rounded the bases for the Indians' first inside-the-park homer since Jhonny Peralta toured the bases against Detroit on July 18, 2010.
Gordon was eventually helped from the field by Royals trainer Nick Kenney. The team said he had a possible concussion and a bruised right hip, and he will be evaluated again on Thursday.
The Royals regained the lead in the bottom of the sixth, pecking away with five singles and taking advantage of a wild throw on a pickoff attempt. The error was given to first baseman Nick Swisher and allowed Lorenzo Cain to score from third, giving Kansas City a 5-3 lead.
That lead also turned out to be short-lived.
After the lights went out and were finally restored, Guthrie promptly walked the Indians' Ryan Raburn and Yan Gomes. The right-hander was lifted for Smith, who gave up a run-scoring single to Bourn and a tying sacrifice fly to Cabrera but recovered to keep the game tied.


text: Clinical Trials Search Results Initial search results include only NCI-sponsored clinical trials. To search all trials, click the "REFINE SEARCH" button, scroll down to the Trial ID/Sponsor section and select the "All" check box in the Sponsor of Trial section. View Content for: Patients Health Professionals Display: Title Description with: Locations Eligibility Full Trial Description Custom ? Hide Search Criteria Show Search Criteria Drug: bispecific antibody 2B1Find trials that include: Any drugs shownTrial Status: Closed Results 1-1 of 1 for your search: Start Over Select All on Page Sort by: Phase of Trial Title Type of Trial Status of Trial Age Range Sponsor of Trial Protocol IDs Show 10 25 50 100 200 Results per Page 1. Phase IB/II Study of the Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody 2B1 in Women with Advanced Breast Carcinoma Overexpressing c-erbB-2 Phase: Phase II, Phase IType: TreatmentStatus: CompletedAge: 18 and overSponsor: NCIProtocol IDs: ECOG-3194, E3194 Select All on Page Start Over

subset: commoncrawl


text: |Note: VGA to HDMI Cable M/M: If both input / output device do not support signal conversion, a signal conversion box is required. Included 2x BLACK VGA to HDMI Cable M/M, 6 FT. Note: Your Video card must support digital signal output through VGA port function. Please consult with your VGA card's user manual for more information. Premium 6 ft VGA (HDDB15) to HDMI male to male Cable. Cord Length: 6ft / 1.8m. Accessory ONLY


text:
Final examination luncheon hours 11:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. start on Monday, May 4, 2015.
In observance of Memorial Day on Monday, May 25, 2015, the Faculty Club luncheon will be closed.
Today's dessert menu:
French Flan | Key Lime Pie | Pecan Pie | Cheese Cake
Fresh Homemade Cookies - Chocolate Chip / Oatmeal Chocolate and
Walnut Brownies topped with berries or ice-cream
Make a Luncheon Reservation here.
Click here for the ACUC - Association of College and University Clubs Member Website.
Monday - Friday11:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.<Current Lunch Menu>Luncheon HoursFinal Examination, Spring & Fall Breaks, and SummerMonday - Friday11:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
Monday - Friday8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
6100 Main Street, MS-52Rice University - Entrance #2 Houston, TexasPhone: 713-348-4000Fax: 713-348-5422Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Housing and Dining6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892©2009 Rice University Rice HomeWeb ServicesUniversity CalendarRice A-ZMaps-DirectionsFeedback


text:
In the market for a big widescreen monitor, but find 24″ too small and 30″ too big? Dell has you covered with their 27″ 2707WFP. Like their 2407WFP, this monitor offers 1920×1200 with a 6ms GTG and has a brushed aluminum look that's unique to their entire lineup.
For those more technically savvy with monitors, here are the official specs.
Dell 2707WFP
|Monitor Size
|Display Modes
VESA, 720 x 400 (31.5 kHz Horizontal, 70.1 Hz Vertical, 28.3 MHz)
VESA, 640 x 480 (31.5 kHz Horizontal, 59.9 Hz Vertical, 25.2 MHz)
VESA, 640 x 480 (37.5 kHz Horizontal, 75.0 Hz Vertical, 31.5 MHz)
VESA, 800 x 600 (37.9 kHz Horizontal, 60.3 Hz Vertical, 40.0 MHz)
VESA, 800 x 600 (46.9 kHz Horizontal, 75.0 Hz Vertical, 49.5 MHz)
VESA, 1024 x 768 (48.4 kHz Horizontal, 60.0 Hz Vertical, 65.0 MHz)
VESA, 1024 x 768 (60.0 kHz Horizontal, 75.0 Hz Vertical, 78.8 MHz)
VESA, 1152 x 864 (67.5 kHz Horizontal, 75.0 Hz Vertical, 108 MHz)
VESA, 1280 x 1024 (64.0 kHz Horizontal, 60.0 Hz Vertical, 108 MHz)
VESA, 1280 x 1024 (80.0 kHz Horizontal, 75.0 Hz Vertical, 135 MHz)
VESA, 1600 x 1200 (75.0 kHz Horizontal, 60.0 Hz Vertical, 162 MHz)
VESA, 1920 x 1200 (74.0 kHz Horizontal, 60.0 Hz Vertical, 154 MHz)
|Native Resolution
|1920×1200 @ 60 Hz
|Contrast Ratio
|Pixel Pitch
|Horizontal Scan Freq.
|30 kHz – 81 kHz
|Vertical Scan Freq.
|56 Hz – 76Hz
Exception: 1680×1200/1920×1200 @ 60Hz
|Response Type
|6ms Grey-To-Grey
16ms Black-To-White
|400cd/m Typical
|Analog, DVI-D (Digital) with HDCP
|Other Connectors
Integrated 9-in-2 Media Reader
USB 2.0 Ports
Kensington Security Port
|400cd/m Typical
|581.96mm (22.9")
363.60mm (14.3")
|12.51 Kg (27.5lb)
16.0 Kg (35.28lb) with packaging
As mentioned in the introduction, this is our first monitor review in a while, so we are just getting back into the swing of things. Monitor reviews will become commonplace on our site, but as it stands right now, I don't have a real basis for comparison except to compare to the previous monitors I have owned.
As far as picture quality goes, I am very pleased. During the past month, I've used the monitor full-time on my Windows/gaming machine, and don't have any complaints. The screen itself is not as bright as my ASUS PW201, but for a monitor that size, it's likely a good thing. As I mentioned, the screen has a matte like finish, so it's non-glossy and easy on the eyes, yet provides a comfortably bright image. Fonts are clean and no bleeding of colors was evident.
Gaming on the 2707WFP was an absolute joy. I played a good share of both STALKER and Flatout 2 and both games really showed off the clarity of the monitor. Flatout 2 specifically uses a lot of bright colors and clean graphics, and it looked fantastic.
In future reviews, we will use calibration techniques to deliver actual scores, but at this point in time we don't have anything like this in our labs.
The OSD on the 2707WFP is easy to look at and even easier to use. You need to push the menu button on the monitor and the – and + buttons to navigate. I will let the photos speak for themselves.
Let's move onto some more light testing and then our conclusion.


text:
Arlen Specter
Sundown: Not So Fast, Mr. Olmert?
Plus Arlen Specter eulogized
Arlen Specter (1930-2012)
The former U.S. senator loved Jackie Mason and the political center
Daybreak: E.U. Passes New Sanctions on Iran
Plus Franz Kafka's unpublished work will go to Jerusalem
Double Down
Flamboyant Las Vegas Mayor Oscar B. Goodman, facing the end of his term-limited reign, is waging a final battle, campaigning for his wife, Carolyn, a nice Jewish girl from New York, to succeed him
It Happened Last Night
GOP gains empower Cantor, not Schumer
Jews in the Senior Chamber
Rating the candidates' chances
Daybreak: Conversions Bill Moves Closer to Law
Plus IDF cleared on flotilla, another boat approaches, and more in the news
Obama Fêtes the Jews
Our dispatch from the White House party
Daybreak: Bold Palestinian Move
Plus Gingrich goes there, and more in the news
Pol Position
How the heir to an Orthodox rabbinical dynasty landed in Pennsylvania's Senate race


text:
IRobot Corp., the Bedford, Massachusetts-based maker of the Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner, said in a statement that a German court has issued an order against two Chinese companies for infringing four European patents.
Ralph Houk , the New York Yankees manager who replaced legendary skipper Casey Stengel and won two World Series titles in the Bronx, has died. He was 90.
In his last gig, Jamie Salter snapped up Linens 'n Things Inc., Polaroid Corp. and other household names. With his new acquisition, he'll peddle cage- fighting T-shirts and "Expression of Combat" school folders.
Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl's roommate at a U.S. Army outpost in Afghanistan got a congressional hearing yesterday for his campaign to portray the rescued soldier as a deserter unworthy of the sacrifices made to get him back.
A group supporting Mitt Romney has spent millions attacking Republican rivals Rick Santorum and Newt Gingrich -- using media firms better known for ambushing Democratic presidential nominees Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.
Mark Lilly retired from the Navy SEALs with a Purple Heart, a Silver Star and five Bronze Stars after 23 years of service that included combat in Iraq and Afghanistan.


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War, globalization and the demise of Monsanto.
Many, like Schmeiser, swore they had never planted GE seeds on their farms, and that if Monsanto's "gene police" detected DNA from the company's patented varieties, it was a result of contamination from neighboring farms. Unlike Schmeiser, whose case will be heard this coming winter by the Canadian Supreme Court, the vast majority of these farmers settled out of court to avoid the expense of a protracted legal battle.
What was revealed in St. Louis this spring was that Monsanto has an entire department, with a staff of 75 people and an annual budget of $10 million a year, devoted exclusively to suing farmers. This was a surprising revelation, especially for the daily press in Monsanto's home town. It followed on the heels of the very first instance of a farmer being jailed in a Monsanto "intellectual property" case, after allegedly having saved seed and then burned the evidence. It underscored the company's tremendous vulnerability in the present economic and political climate. In the 1980s and '90s, Monsanto staked its future on genetic engineering and, with the continuing worldwide rejection of this technology, the company has had to resort to increasingly desperate and invasive measures to survive.
The Monsanto company is much smaller and far more specialized today than it was in its heyday. Much of the company's value to shareholders was stripped away in the late 1990s, first as its industrial chemical divisions were spun off as a new company, known as Solutia, in 1997.
Solutia also took with it Monsanto's legal liability, resulting from decades of toxic chemical production, from PCBs to organochloride weed killers, including the notorious Agent Orange.
Then, at the end of 1999, Monsanto announced its merger with the pharmaceutical giant, Pharmacia (formerly Pharmacia and Upjohn).
Pharmacia absorbed Monsanto's highly profitable drugs division, R.D. Searle (Donald Rumsfeld was the president of Searle in the 1970s), and created a new "Monsanto" as its agrochemical and agbiotech subsidiary.
From the beginning, Pharmacia failed to sell off as much Monsanto stock as it had promised its shareholders, but when Pharmacia in turn was absorbed by the much larger Pfizer in 2002, full divestiture of its Monsanto holdings became a precondition for the deal. In August 2002, Monsanto once again became a stand-alone company, this time specializing in three product areas: the Roundup family of herbicides, seeds and genetically engineered seed traits, and animal drugs, specifically its genetically engineered Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH).
Since 2000, Monsanto has been what one investment analyst calls "the toxic waste of stocks." Its share value has fallen by half over the past two years, despite a stable financial outlook and very low indebtedness. Says Sergey Vasnetsov of Wall Street's Lehman Brothers, "It is not an issue that the company is financially in trouble. It's strategically in trouble." That is, Monsanto produces nothing of overarching value, and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.
Its 2002 losses were 36% of total sales. When the New York Times did a story last winter on the growing problem of weeds developing resistance to Roundup, the paper quoted Idaho agronomist Charles Benbrook saying he had been approached by investment bankers considering a purchase of Monsanto in order to break it up. The company's continuing influence in Washington is a product of political connections far beyond its financial standing or economic importance. Cabinet secretaries Rumsfeld, Ashcroft, Thompson and Veneman all have historic ties to the company, either as officials of companies absorbed by Monsanto or as frequent recipients of large campaign contributions. The Bush administration's dogged advocacy for GE agriculture in various international forums can justly be seen as a payoff for these past ties.
Monsanto, like most of the major players in agrochemicals and agricultural biotech today, had its origins in profiting from war.
Founded in 1901 to bring the manufacture of the artificial sweetener, saccharine, to the United States, Monsanto first became a major player in the US chemical industry during World War I. As a leading manufacturer of phenol and nitric acid--the main precursors for that era's high-tech explosive, TNT--Monsanto's profits increased 100-fold during the war. In the 1930s, Monsanto bought the company that invented PCBs, which were very quickly discovered to be highly toxic. Monsanto monopolized PCB production in the United States until this entire class of potent carcinogens was banned in the 1970s. As a result of the 1997 Solutia spin-off, that company, not Monsanto, is liable for most of the damages in the historic negligence suit by 3500 residents of Anniston, Alabama, one of two historic centers of PCB manufacture. Residents of Anniston were found to have the highest blood levels of PCBs ever recorded, triggering a decision under an Alabama law that sanctions behavior "so outrageous in character and extreme in degree as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency." Monsanto only becomes liable if the damages exceed Solutia's ability to pay.
From the 1940s through the 1990s, Monsanto ranked as one of the 10 largest US chemical companies every year. In the 1940s, they became involved in the production of organochloride herbicides and DDT. During the 1950s, Monsanto discovered that a byproduct of its chlorinated pesticide production was causing severe skin rashes, joint pain and nervous disorders in its production workers. This mysterious substance turned out to be dioxin, and the US Army Chemical Corps soon became interested in its potential usefulness as a chemical warfare agent. The herbicide Agent Orange, which was used by US military forces to obliterate the dense jungles of Vietnam during the 1960s, was a mixture of the herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. Although seven different chemical companies had supplied Agent Orange to the US military, Monsanto's formulation had as much as 1000 times the concentration of dioxin. Thus the company was ordered to pay more than 45% of the monetary damages in the famous $180 million Vietnam veterans' settlement of the 1980s.
The 1970s saw the successful banning of DDT, as well as several of the most toxic chlorinated pesticides: aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane and heptachlor. By the mid-eighties, Monsanto had bet its future on Roundup and on the brand new technology of genetic manipulation. Having acquired a profound degree of control over agricultural practices in the US during the height of the chemical boom in the 1950s and sixties, Monsanto and other agrochemical companies saw this new technology as the means for sustaining that control. As Monsanto's patent on glyphosate (Roundup) herbicides was about to expire in the late 1990s, the way to retain its hegemony over agriculture was to seek to control seed production. Monsanto spent over $8 billion in the late 1990s acquiring major commercial seed companies such as DeKalb, Asgrow, Holden's, and their counterparts in India, Brazil and other countries.
The other so-called Gene Giants--international chemical companies now heavily invested in GE crop production (Du Pont, BASF, Hoechst, Bayer, and J.R. Geigy)--all have wartime histories comparable to Monsanto's.
Monsanto's own role in warfare continues to the present day, especially with the widespread use of a highly concentrated form of Roundup to eradicate coca and poppy crops in Colombia. Colombian agronomists have revealed the presence of a new additive that increases herbicide exposures to more than 100 times Monsanto's usual recommended dosage. The aerial spraying of tons of Roundup over the Colombian countryside has led to the destruction of local subsistence crops such as manioc, bananas, palms, sugarcane and corn, as well as the poisoning of creeks, rivers and lakes and the destruction of indigenous fish populations.
With this history, it is not surprising that Monsanto has become an international pariah, far beyond its recent troubles on the stock market.
Its name is almost universally associated with toxic chemicals and the aggressive promotion of genetically engineered crops. Other biotech companies have criticized Monsanto for its overly aggressive promotion of GMOs during the 1990s, but they also credit the company with taking the fall for the public rejection of these products. Monsanto's "FlavrSavr" tomatoes and Bt pesticide-producing potatoes were both pulled from the market due to widespread consumer rejection, and farmers throughout the Western plains are organizing to prevent the commercialization of Monsanto's genetically engineered wheat. The European Union has strengthened rules for labeling GE ingredients and systematically tracing all GE-derived food constituents from their point of origin. More than 30 countries around the world have implemented significant legal barriers to the growing and sale of GE products.
When tens of thousands of people converged on Seattle in the fall of 1999 to disrupt the ministerial meetings of the World Trade Organization, the hazards of genetically engineered agriculture were among the issues foremost in many people's minds. Since then, a host of pressing global economic concerns, the US war in Iraq, and an overarching desire to focus on the core institutions of global capitalism, have partly pushed GE issues into the background. What Biodevastation 7 illustrated, reinforced by the massive protests in Sacramento, California just a month later, is that to confront the imposition of genetically engineered agriculture on an unwilling world is a crucial way to challenge environmental racism and global corporate hegemony. With the Bush administration's suit against the European Union at the WTO, and its reckless effort to link African AIDS relief to the acceptance of GE food imports, it is becoming clear that agribusiness and biotechnology play a far more critical role in the imperial designs of the US admininstration and its corporate patrons than many people had realized before.
by Brian Tokar, Institute for Social Ecology
Reader Opinion
|Printer friendly Cite/link Email Feedback
|Title Annotation:
|Biodevastation 7
|Tokar, Brian
|Geographic Code:
|Dec 22, 2003
|Previous Article:
|Using free trade agreements to contaminate indigenous corn.
|Next Article:
|Who will control agriculture and knowledge?


text:
I first shot 19 year old Barry at the beginning of the year when college was in session and he was dedicated to the Honolulu Varsity Track Team. Over the summer Barry decided to grow is head hair and dick hair for this second photo shoot. His beautiful long brown hair rocks! Big Foot Barry is so comfortable working naked in the garden this time, wearing only his size 13 boots! Watch as I spray Barry with bug repellent before he starts his nudist work! His long donkey dick and uncut bushy pubes are an unforgettable trademark of this skinny, ripped athlete. Check out his 8-pack abs as he showers off after his giant jizz shot! This soft spoken Island Stud takes a piss 3 times during our afternoon together - all caught on tape! I am glad Barry is back on the Island! Enjoy!
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Views: 52743


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Cheap SVA to Alliance flights
Popular Flights from Savoonga, Alaska
Top Savoonga Flights to US Destinations
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About Me
I'm a nurse by profession but have been self-employed as a self-taught graphic designer for the past year. I specialize in the designs and products for nurses, teachers, pharmacists and most all other professionals and non-professionals alike. I am mom to a two year old Yorkie terrier, Samantha, who forces me to stop what I'm doing to play with her several times a day. Hey, thanks for stopping by, your business is much appreciated!
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Few things can be more frustrating to library patrons—or staff, for that matter—than a self-check system that's ill-suited for its setting. But when such a system runs smoothly, it increases efficiency, protects materials, promotes library programming, and instills confidence in patrons, which translates into increased circulation and a staff with more time to focus on things like programs and services.
Self-Check Solutions | Product Spotlight
Gale Releases Analytics On Demand, a Demographic GIS for Libraries
Gale today launched Analytics On Demand, a new geographic information system (GIS) that combines local demographic data with information from a library's ILS to generate real-time reports on circulation trends and patron lifestyles. Powered by business analytics provider Alteryx, with regularly updated demographic and consumer lifestyle segmentation data from Experian Mosaic, the foundation of the new service is built on the same tools as Gale's DemographicsNow: Business and People.
The Mission of Librarians is to Empower
empower – give (someone) the authority or power to do something – Oxford Dictionary of American English Someone whom I greatly admire recently set me thinking about the mission of librarians. David Lankes has that effect on many of us. In a talk late last year at the Digital Library Fall Forum, Lankes recast the usual […]
Fondulac District Library, Operation Photo Rescue Partner to Save Community's Storm Damaged Photos
With the help of Operation Photo Rescue, a non-profit, volunteer network of photographers, image restoration artists, and graphic designers, Fondulac District Library (FDL), IL, recently launched "Saving Memories," a program to help community members digitize and restore photographs that were damaged when 24 tornadoes touched down in Illinois on the night of November 17.
Astonishing Customer Service
Librarianship is undeniably a service profession. Given that, you would think that our literature would be filled with advice on how to provide astonishing customer service. Instead, it isn't. Perhaps this is because it can be difficult and expensive to provide surprisingly excellent customer service. But I don't think it necessarily should be if we […]
Mozilla Promotes 'Web Competency' with New Standards
Oklahoma's Pioneer Library System Launches 24-Hour Vending Library
Oklahoma's Pioneer Library System (PLS) this week became the first library in the U.S. to debut Envisionware's new 24-Hour Library. Officials plan to use two new vending units to offer 24 hour pickup for reserve materials at a small new branch near a busy shopping area, and to enhance access to materials in another location near a community center and a middle school.
Reinventing Libraries Keynote Panel Looks into Industry's Future | The Digital Shift 2013
Last week's "The Digital Shift" virtual event, "Reinventing Libraries," produced by Library Journal and School Library Journal, looked at the broad spectrum of ways in which libraries are remaking themselves and rethinking their missions—and how to accomplish them—in the digital age. Throughout the day, panelists gave presentations, took questions from honing new skills, developing new ones, and thinking ahead about what assets will make a successful library—and a successful librarian—in the future.


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Thomas A Xenakis
Richmond, VA
Basic information on Thomas A Xenakis, Richmond VA. Find Thomas A Xenakis's age, gender, possible aliases, associates and professional status.
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text:
Milo, New York
|Milo, New York
|Coordinates: 42°37′25″N 77°1′20″W / 42.62361°N 77.02222°WCoordinates: 42°37′25″N 77°1′20″W / 42.62361°N 77.02222°W
|United States
|New York
|• Total
|44.3 sq mi (114.7 km2)
|• Land
|38.4 sq mi (99.4 km2)
|• Water
|5.9 sq mi (15.3 km2)
|1,037 ft (316 m)
|Population (2010)
|• Total
|• Density
|160/sq mi (61/km2)
|Time zone
|Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
|• Summer (DST)
|FIPS code
|GNIS feature ID
Milo is a town in Yates County, New York, USA. The population was 7,006 at the 2010 census.
The Town of Milo is on the east border of the county and borders Penn Yan, New York.
The region was within the realm of the Seneca tribe before Europeans entered the area.
Settlement began around 1788 by members of the Universal Friends, a religious sect. In 1818, the town was founded from part of the Town of Benton, while still part of Ontario County. By 1820, the population was about 1,612. When Yates county was formed in 1823, Milo became part of the new county.
In 1833, the Village of Penn Yan was incorporated, setting itself apart from the town.
The Crooked Lake Canal ran partly across the northern part of Milo when it opened in 1833. Around 1877, the canal ceased to function and its lands were taken over by railroads.
The Jonathan Bailey House, Miles Raplee House, and William Swarthout Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.3 square miles (115 km2), of which, 38.4 square miles (99 km2) of it is land and 5.9 square miles (15 km2) of it (13.37%) is water.
Milo lies between Keuka Lake and Seneca Lake, which define respectively the west and east town lines and are two of the Finger Lakes. The Keuka Lake Outlet flows between the lakes in the north part of the town and helped determine the course of the Crooked Lake Canal.
New York State Route 14, New York State Route 14A, and New York State Route 54 are north-south highways in the town.
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 7,026 people, 2,824 households, and 1,790 families residing in the town. The population density was 183.1 people per square mile (70.7/km²). There were 3,422 housing units at an average density of 89.2 per square mile (34.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.37% White, 0.63% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.
There were 2,824 households out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,102, and the median income for a family was $38,547. Males had a median income of $28,475 versus $20,109 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,819. About 9.6% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in Milo[edit]
- Camp Cory – A summer camp located just south of Penn Yan.
- Himrod (formerly "Himrods Corners" and then "Himrods") – A hamlet in the southeast part of the town at the junction of County Roads 1 and 36.
- Keuka Mills – A hamlet east of Penn Yan by Keuka Lake Outlet.
- Keuka Lake Outlet – A stream connecting Keuka Lake to Seneca Lake.
- Mays Mills – A hamlet east of Penn Yan on Keuka Lake Outlet.
- Milo – A location east of Milo Center on the east town line on County Road 7.
- Milo Center (formerly "Nichols Corners") – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town on County Road. The John Briggs House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.[1]
- Milo Mills – A hamlet east of Penn Yan on Keuka Lake Outlet.
- Penn Yan – The Village of Penn Yan is at the north town line and at the north end of Keuka Lake at the junction of NY-14A and NY-54.
- Penn Yan Airport (PEO) – A general aviation airport south of Penn Yan village.
- Randall Crossing – A hamlet in the southeast part of the town near Seneca Lake, situated on NY-14.
- Second Milo – A hamlet east of Willow Grove, located on NY-14A.
- Seneca Mills – A hamlet east of Penn Yan on Keuka Lake Outlet.
- Thayer Corners – A location between Willow Grove and Second Milo.
- Townsend Corners – A location in the east part of the town on County Road 28.
- Willow Grove – A hamlet on the shore of Keuka Lake in the southwest part of the town and located on NY-54.
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
External links[edit]


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I write at an important moment of remembrance and reminder, of bearing witness, and of action. I write also in the immediate aftermath of anti-Semitic terror and killing in France, and in the midst of ongoing mass atrocities by Boko Haram in Nigeria, ethnic cleansing in Darfur and South Sudan, and killing fields in Syria and elsewhere. And so, at this important historical moment, we should ask ourselves: What have we learned in the last 70 years, and more importantly, what must we do?
My mother very rarely talked about what happened to her in the Second World War. There were short bursts of recollection, little anecdotes of walking for days on end, seeing bodies scattered in the road. Bombed out buildings. Soldiers and military vehicles everywhere. But the essence of her story was missing. Or not told.
When black Dutch players received their Jim Crow-inspired welcome in Krakow last week, we were shocked, stunned, and depressed -- but hardly surprised. This stuff ain't new in that part of the world. Meanwhile a portion of the 10,000 Russian fans who have bought tickets will be holding a march from central Warsaw to the stadium. Poles view it as "provocative." Can you really blame them?
It was a cool spring day, and the sunlight shone kindly down on Auschwitz. Beyond the barbed wire, villagers walked briskly to church in their Sunday finest. Eva walked in queue with the other women and children toward "the showers," a place the adults knew was the gas chamber. They were 200 meters away.


text:
Malpighian layer
The inner (or lower) layer of epidermis consisting of non-keratinized, viable cells, in contrast to the outer (upper) layer made up of keratinized, anucleated, non-viable cells.
The epidermis of the skin may be divided into two major layers: the outer layer of keratinized, non-viable cells and the Malpighian layer of non-keratinized, viable cells.
The Mapighian layer is made up of germinative (basal) cells that are mitotically active, melanocytes that give the skin its tan color, and cells that have spiny projections. The Malphigian layer includes the germinative (basal), granular and spinous layers of epidermis.
Variant: Malpighi layer.
Synonym: stratum Malpighii, rete Malpighii.
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page
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By James Slater - Last night in El Paso, Texas, unbeaten heavyweight David Rodriguez scored the biggest win of his pro career in style as he utterly destroyed veteran Owen beck in the 3rd-round. 33-year-old Rodriguez, known as Nino landed two consecutive left hooks to the head of his 35-year-old opponent and down went Beck - for an alarming amount of time.
The referee never saw the need to count, instead signalling for the ringside doctor. The official time was 2-minutes and three-seconds of the 3rd. Down for something like ten minutes, Beck was thankfully okay after being given oxygen.. Rodriguez is now 35-0(33), one of the best records in todays heavyweight division. Beck, known as What The Heck, is now 29-8(20) and, after suffering his most brutal defeat ever, he should think about retirement.
How good can Rodriguez become? Last nights devastating KO is sure to find its way onto You Tube and get the fans talking, and Nino can bang, no doubt about that. But Beck had lost his last four coming in, all by stoppage. Yet the Jamaican ranks as Rodriguez best opponent yet. We need to see the 33-year-old, approx 250-pounder in with a ranked contender before we can get too excited about him.
Thankfully, and according to The El Paso Times, Rodriguez promoter, Zeferino Ramirez, is working hard to get his fighter a big test for his next fight. The word is, Ramirez is trying to secure a fight between Rodriguez and Chris Arreola (who faces Friday Ahunanyna on July 9th). This is good news, and this match-up, if it happened, would certainly attract the fans.
A pro since 1998, its surely time for the 64 Rodriguez to step it up in competition soon. Looking down Rodriguez record, there are not too many recognisable names listed. What the puncher also needs is more rounds. Having gone eight-rounds just one, and with a high number of quick KOs to his name, Rodriguez has yet to prove he can hang tough when in a hard, long fight. Of course, with him possessing the kind of frightening punching power he showed last night, there may not be too many big guys capable of extending Rodriguez!
Its still too early to get carried away with this particular Texan bomber, but Rodriguez sure is going the right way to catch the eye of the fans. Last nights piece of handiwork might even get nominated for KO of The Year.
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Cruising To Mars: The Rover's Tasks
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NASA launched the Mars Science Laboratory from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on Saturday. The MSL is five times heavier than the rovers currently on Mars and has twice as many scientific instruments. It will take nine months for the spacecraft to reach the Red Planet, and there's plenty of things for it to do before then.


text:
Odyssey Class Starship STF Space Mission Bug:
Odyssey Class Starship STF Space Mission Bug:
When are you going to fix the STF bug with the Odyssey class starships getting warped out of STFs when the saucer seperation and Aquerius consoles are used.
This issue with the Odyssey in STFs has been plaguing your customers for months!
Myself and anyone else whom likes to use the Odyssey class starship in STFs would like to see this BUG FIXED.
Just a thought
I don't think it has anything to do with you ship. I was experiencing the same problem across all my characters regardless of what ship I was flying. The problem is caused when you are not in sector space (or a very low population system) when you get pulled into a match.
Try this next time, make sure your in sector space the next time you engage in STF's, fleet missions, or anything else that pulls you out of the map your on. I am sure that you will not experience the problem again as long as you make sure your in sector space when ever doing ques.
Aye, I was just giving you a way around the error. Hope they fix it soon...
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This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements relating to our ability to generate similar results in further studies, the clinical utility of our next generation sequencing capabilities; our ability to develop whole transcriptome and/or genome expression analysis for routine clinical study; the belief that whole genome expression may accelerate clinical or biomarker discovery; our ability to develop, validate or commercialize advanced diagnostics based upon such genome expression data; the timing of such studies and results; the company's ability to accelerate its research and development efforts to move whole genome expression technology into clinical studies and; the company's ability to obtain intellectual property protection for such discoveries. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and reported results should not be considered as an indication of future performance. The
|SOURCE Genomic Health, Inc.
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You are viewing a luxurious 2002 Lexus SC430 with an accident free Carfax: New Bridgestone Drive Guard Tires Power Convertible Top Navigation System Keyless... More
To be auctioned in Tulsa, June 5-7, 2015 at River Spirit Expo Center. Visit http:\\www.leakecar.com... More
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THIS BLACK BEAUTY COMES WITH ALL THE BELLS AND WHISTLES! This exquisite ONE OWNER LEXUS SC 430 features LOW MILES, and has a brilliant... More
2002 Lexus SC430: 4.3L V8, automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, windows, door locks, trunk, mirrors, top, and seats. Aftermarket wheels/tires. Call us for... More
Beautiful example of the desirable Lexus SC 430. Local two owner car that has been meticulously taken care of and always garaged. Excellent auto... More
To be auctioned in Tulsa, June 5-7, 2015 at River Spirit Expo Center. Visit http:\\www.leakecar.com - 4.3L V-8 engine- Automatic transmission- Heated seats-... More
SELLING AT AUCTION on May30th in Midland, TX. More info: dankruseclassics.com or 866.495.8111.... More


text:
Stéphane Audeguy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stéphane Audeguy (born 1964 Tours) is an award-winning French novelist and essayist.[1]
He studied literature at the University of Paris, where he also taught. He served as an assistant professor at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville between 1986 and 1987. He returned to France and now lives in Paris where he teaches art history and film history at a local high school.[2]
- Prix Maurice Genevoix from the French Academy, for La théorie des nuages
- Prix des Deux Magots, for Fils Unique [3]
- La théorie des nuages (The Theory of Clouds) Translator Timothy Bent ISBN 978-0-15-101428-6
- Fils Unique (Only Son).
- Rom@
External links[edit]


text:
Livingston, N.J., April 2015 – Becker Meisel is pleased to announce that Attorney Stacey L. Meisel, founding member of Becker Meisel LLC and co-chair of the firm's bankruptcy, insolvency and creditor's rights practice will be recognized as a leading lawyer ranked in Bankruptcy/Restructuring (NJ) in the upcoming Chambers USA 2015 Guide. read more...
Livingston, N.J., April 2015 - The Becker Meisel Real Estate Group would like to extend to all our friends and colleagues an invitation to view our 2014 Real Estate Year End Achievements brochure which sets forth highlights as to our 2014 real estate activities. Click here to Download a PDF or View our online presentation
Becker Meisel LLC, Attorney Advertising Disclaimer. Prior results do not guarantee similar outcomes.
Readers should not rely upon the transmission of an e-mail message to Becker Meisel LLC or its attorneys through this Web site to create an attorney-client relationship.
As well, readers should not act upon any information here without consulting legal counsel directly.
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Nanolithographic deposition of metallic nanostructures using coated tips for use in microelectronics, catalysis, and diagnostics. AFM tips can be coated with metallic precursors and the precursors patterned on substrates. The patterned precursors can be converted to the metallic state with application of heat. High resolution and excellent alignment can be achieved.
1. A method of depositing a conductive coating in a desired pattern onto a substrate comprising:
depositing a precursor onto the substrate in the desired pattern by nanolithography with use of a tip coated with the precursor,
contacting the precursor with a ligand,
applying sufficient energy to transfer electrons from the ligand to the precursor, thereby decomposing the precursor to form a conductive precipitate in the desired pattern and thus forming the conductive pattern directly on the substrate.
2. The method according to
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19. The method of
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21. The method of
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24. The method of
25. A method of printing a conductive metal in a desired pattern onto a substrate comprising:
drawing a metal precursor and ligand directly onto the substrate according to the desired pattern using nanolithography with use of a tip coated with a precursor; and
decomposing the precursor by applying energy to form the conductive metal in the desired pattern, without removing from the substrate a substantial quantity of the precursor, and without removing from the substrate a substantial quantity of the metal.
26. The method of
27. The method of
28. The method of
29. The method of
30. A nanolithographic method comprising:
depositing a metallic precursor from a tip onto a substrate to form a nanostructure, and
subsequently converting the precursor nanostructure to a metallic deposit.
31. The method according to
32. The method according to
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42. The method according to
43. The method according to
44. A nanolithographic method consisting essentially of:
depositing an ink composition consisting essentially of a metallic precursor from a nanoscopic tip onto a substrate to form a nanostructure, and
subsequently converting the metallic precursor of the nanostructure to a metallic form.
45. The method according to
46. The method according to
47. The method according to
48. The method according to
49. The method according to
50. A method according to
51. A method of printing without use of electrochemical bias or reaction between the ink and substrate comprising depositing a metallic precursor ink composition onto a substrate from a tip in the form of a microstructure or nanostructure on the substrate to form an array having discreet objects separated from each other by about one micron or less.
52. The method according to
53. The method according to
54. The method according to
This application claims benefit to provisional application Ser. No. 60/405,741 to Crocker et al. filed Aug. 26, 2002, and Ser. No. 60/419,781 to Crocker et al. filed Oct. 21, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Many important applications in biotechnology, diagnostics, microelectronics, and nanotechnology require nanostructures of metals, one of the fundamental types of matter. For example, better microelectronics are needed to provide for smaller and faster computer chips and circuit boards, and metals can provide the required electrical conductivity to complete a circuit. Metals also can be used as catalysts. The processing of metals, however, can be difficult, and operating at the nanoscale can make matters even more difficult. Many methods are limited to micron level manufacturing. Many methods are limited by the need for electrochemical biases or very high temperatures. Moreover, many methods are limited by physical requirements of the deposition process such as ink viscosity. Better methods are needed to fabricate metallic nanostructures by means which provide for, among other things, alignment, ability to layer films and wires, high resolution, and versatility.
The present invention comprises a series of embodiments which are summarized herein without limiting the scope of the invention. For example, the present invention provides a method of depositing a conductive coating in a desired pattern onto a substrate comprising:
(a) depositing a precursor onto the substrate in the desired pattern by nanolithography with use of a tip coated with the precursor,
(b) contacting the precursor with a ligand,
(c) applying sufficient energy, optionally from an extended radiation source, to transfer electrons from the ligand to the precursor, thereby decomposing the precursor to form a conductive precipitate in the desired pattern and thus forming the conductive pattern directly on the substrate.
The present invention also provides a method of printing a conductive metal in a desired pattern onto a substrate comprising:
(a) drawing a metal precursor and ligand directly onto the substrate according to the desired pattern using nanolithography with use of a tip coated with a precursor; and
(b) decomposing the precursor by applying energy, optionally from an extended radiation source, to form the conductive metal in the desired pattern, without removing from the substrate a substantial quantity of the precursor, and without removing from the substrate a substantial quantity of the metal.
The present invention also provides a nanolithographic method comprising depositing a metallic precursor from a tip onto a substrate to form a nanostructure and subsequently converting the precursor nanostructure to a metallic deposit. The deposition can be carried out without use of an electrical bias between the tip and substrate.
The present invention also provides a nanolithographic method consisting essentially of: depositing an ink composition consisting essentially of a metallic precursor from a nanoscopic tip onto a substrate to form a nanostructure, and subsequently converting the metallic precursor of the nanostructure to a metallic form. Basic and novel aspects of the invention are noted throughout this specification, but these aspects include that stamps and resists are not needed, electrochemical bias is not needed, expensive equipment not readily available for typical research laboratories and production facilities is not needed, and reaction between the substrate and the ink is not needed. Accordingly, compositions and inks can be formulated and patterned without these limitations.
The present invention also provides a method of printing without use of electrochemical bias or reaction between the ink and substrate comprising depositing a metallic precursor ink composition onto a substrate from a tip in the form of a microstructure or nanostructure on the substrate to form an array having discreet objects separated from each other by about one micron or less, about 500 nm or less, or about 100 nm or less.
The present invention also provides patterned arrays comprising a substrate and discreet nanoscopic and/or microscopic metal deposits thereon prepared by the methods according to this invention. The metal deposits can be, for example, rectangles, squares, dots, or lines.
The present invention also provides methods of using these methods including, for example, preparing sensors, biosensors, and lithographic templates, as well as other applications described herein.
This application claims benefit to provisional application Ser. No. 60/405,741 to Crocker et al. filed Aug. 26, 2002, and Ser. No. 60/419,781 to Crocker et al. filed Oct. 21, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
DPN™ and DIP PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY™ are trademarks of Nanolnk, Inc. and are used accordingly herein (e.g, DPN printing or DIP PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY printing). DPN methods and equipment are generally available from Nanolnk, Inc. (Chicago, Ill.), including the NScriptor™ which can be used to carry out the nanolithography according to the present invention.
Although this specification provides guidance to one skilled in the art to practice the invention including reference to the technical literature, this reference does not constitute an admission that the technical literature is prior art.
Direct-write technologies can be carried out by methods described in, for example, Direct-Write Technologiesfor Rapid Prototyping Applications: Sensors, Electronics, and Integrated Power Sources, Ed. by A. Pique and D. B. Chrisey, Academic Press, 2002. Chapter 10 by Mirkin, Demers, and Hong, for example, describes nanolithographic printing at the sub-100 nanometer length scale, and is hereby incorporated by reference (pages 303-312). Pages 311-312 provide additional references on scanning probe lithography and direct-write methods using patterning compounds delivered to substrates from nanoscopic tips which can guide one skilled in the art in the practice of the present invention. This text also describes electrically conductive patterns.
Nanolithography and nanofabrication is also described in Marc J. Madou's Fundamentals of Microfabrication, The Science of Miniaturization, 2nd Ed., including metal deposition at pages 344-357.
Multiple embodiments are disclosed in this application for fabricating conductive patterns with use of dip pen nanolithography (DPN) printing as a patterning tool. For all embodiments in this disclosure, the following documents which disclose DPN printing methods are hereby incorporated by reference and form part of the present disclosure:
The present invention is not limited to use of only one tip to print but, rather, multiple tips can be used, see for example, U.S. Patent Publication 2003/0022470 ("Parallel, Individually Addressable Probes for Nanolithography") to Liu et al. published Jan. 30, 2003.
In particular, in prior application Ser. No. 09/866,533, filed May 24, 2001 (references 7 and 8 above, 2002/0063212 A1 published May 30, 2002), direct-write nanolithographic printing background and procedures are described in detail covering a wide variety of embodiments including, for example: background (pages 1-3); summary (pages 3-4); brief description of drawings (pages 4-10); use of scanning probe microscope tips (pages 10-12); substrates (pages 12-13); patterning compounds (pages 13-17); practicing methods including, for example, coating tips (pages 18-20); instrumentation including nanoplotters (pages 20-24); use of multiple layers and related printing and lithographic methods (pages 24-26); resolution (pages 26-27); arrays and combinatorial arrays (pages 27-30); software and calibration (pages 30-35; 68-70); kits and other articles including tips coated with hydrophobic compounds (pages 35-37); working examples (pages 38-67); corresponding claims and abstract (pages 71-82); and FIGS. 1-28. This disclosure is not and need not be repeated here but is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Also, US patent publication 2002 0122873 A1, published Sep. 5, 2002 to Mirkin et al., is not and need not be repeated here but is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This published application includes, for example, use of tips which have external openings and internal cavities, and use of electrical, mechanical, and chemical driving forces for transporting the ink (or deposition compound) to the substrate. One method includes aperture pen nanolithography, wherein the rate and extent of the movement of the deposition compound through the aperture is controlled by the driving force. This published application also describes coated tips, patterns, substrates, inks, patterning compounds, deposition compounds, multiple tip nanolithography, multiple deposition compounds, and arrays.
Nanolithography is also described in the following references:
In the DPN printing process, an ink is transferred to a substrate. The substrate can be flat, rough, curved, or have surface features. The substrate can be previously patterned. Immobilization of the ink on the substrate can be by chemical adsorption and/or covalent bonding. The transferred ink, if desired, can be used directly as part of a fabrication design or used indirectly as a template for further fabrication. For example, a protein can be directly patterned onto a substrate by DPN printing, or a template compound can be patterned which is used to bind a protein. The advantages and applications for DPN printing are numerous and described in the above references. Complex structures with high resolution and excellent registration can be achieved, for example. Structures with line widths, cross sections, and circumferences of less than one micron, and in particular, less than 100 nm, and in particular, less than 50 nm can be achieved. In sum, DPN printing is an enabling nanofabrication/nanolithographic technology which allows one to practice fabrication and lithography at the nanometer level with exceptional control and versatility. This type of nanofabrication and nanolithography can be difficult to achieve with many technologies that are more suitable for micron scale work. DPN printing can be also used if desired to prepare micron scale structures but, in general, nanostructures are preferred.
The tip can be a nanoscopic tip. It can be a scanning probe microscopic tip including an AFM tip. It can be hollow or non-hollow. Ink can pass through the middle of a hollow tip, coating the end of the tip. The tip can be modified to facilitate printing of the precursor ink. In general, it is preferred that the tip does not react with the ink and can be used over extended periods of time.
The patterns deposited by the nanolithography are not particularly limited by the shape of the pattern. Common patterns include dots and lines and arrays thereof. The height of the pattern can be, for example, about 10 nm or less, and more particularly about 5 nm or less. If lines are patterned, the lines can be, for example, about one micron wide or less, and more particularly, about 500 nm wide or less, and more particularly about 100 nm wide or less. If dots are patterned, the dots can be, for example, about one micron wide in diameter or less, and more particularly, about 500 nm wide or less, and more particularly about 100 nm wide or less.
Although the nanolithography is preferably carried out to form nanostructures, structures at a micron scale can be also of interest. For example, experiments used to pattern a structure of 1-10 square microns in area, such as a rectangle, square, dot, or line, can be useful in also designing experiments for smaller nanostructures.
In another embodiment, conductive patterns, including nanoscopic patterns, are formed with use of DPN printing with use of the following steps:
1) depositing a precursor such as, for example, a metal salt, onto a substrate in a desired pattern with use of a coated tip,
2) applying an appropriate ligand onto the substrate, wherein for example the ligand comprises a donor atom such as nitrogen, phosphorous, or sulfur,
3) applying sufficient energy to transfer electrons from the ligand to the precursor by, for example, radiant heat, thereby decomposing the precursor to form a precipitate such as, for example, a metal.
Metal patterning processes and chemistries are disclosed in (1) U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,998 to Sharma et al. (issued Nov. 9, 1999), which is hereby incorporated by reference, and (2) U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,716 to Narang et al. (issued Nov. 14, 2000), which is hereby incorporated by reference. However, these references do not disclose or suggest the use of dip pen nanolithography printing or other nanolithographies for deposition, nor do they disclose or suggest advantages which accrue from DPN printing. Rather, they disclose use conventional printing methods with use of dispensers comprising a reservoir and an applicator. Herein, embodiments are disclosed in which the chemistry and patterning as disclosed in the Sharma U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,998 are generally modified in unexpected ways with unexpected results to include DPN printing as a patterning method, and the DPN printing process is changed in unexpected ways with unexpected results to include the chemistry as disclosed in the Sharma U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,998.
The ink solution is generally contemplated herein to include a solvent and solute. The solvent can be any material capable of solvating the solute, but is generally contemplated to comprise an inexpensive, readily available, relatively non-toxic material such as water, various alcohols and so forth. The solute is generally contemplated to include at least two components which chemically react with one another under the influence of an energy source, such that a metal or other substance precipitates out of the solution. In preferred embodiments one component of the solute comprises a salt, while another component of the solute comprises an appropriate ligand. As used herein the term "salt" means any combination of an acid (A) and a base (B). Examples are metallic salts such as copper formate, acetate, acrylate, thiocyanate, and iodide. Other examples are non-metallic salts such as ammonium formate and ammonium acrylate.
The various components of the solution may be deposited on the substrate concurrently or sequentially, or in some combination of the two. Thus, it is contemplated that the salt may be deposited concurrently with the ligand, or separately from the ligand. It is also contemplated that the solvent may itself comprise or contribute one or more aspects of the salt or the ligand.
As used herein the term "ligand" (L) refers to any substance which can be thermally activated to displace one or more aspects of the salt in a redox reaction, such that AB+LAL+B, or AB+LA+BL. In processes contemplated herein preferred ligands are non-crystalline, leave no non-metallic residue, and are stable under normal ambient conditions. More preferred ligands are also capable of taking part in redox reactions with a particular salt being used at reasonable temperatures, which are generally considered to be less than about 300� C.
A preferred class of ligands are nitrogen donors, including, for example, cyclohexylamine. A number of other nitrogen donors and their mixtures, however, may also be used. Examples are 3-picoline, lutidines, quinoline and isoquinoline, cyclopentylamine, cyclohexylamine, cycloheptylamine, cyclooctyl amine, and so forth. These are only a few examples, however, and many other aliphatic primary, secondary and tertiary amines and/or aromatic nitrogen donors may also be used.
Contemplated solutions may include other compounds besides salts and ligands. For example, a mixture of copper (II) formate in a nitrogen donor solvent with or without water and an alcohol may be used to facilitate transport from tip to substrate. A small amount of a solvent based polymer or a surfactant may also be useful additives for adjusting the rheology of the precursor solution to facilitate transport from tip to substrate, and to impart better film forming properties. On the other hand, larger amounts of high boiling solvents and/or additives such as triethylphosphate, Triton X100, glycerol, etc., are preferably to be avoided as these have a tendency to contaminate the film produced on account of incomplete pyrolysis over temperature sensitive substrates such as Kapton.TM. or paper. Still further, it may be worthwhile to treat the substrate with a coupling agent to improve the adhesion of the deposited material to the substrate as a function of the coupling agent's modifying the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the surface of the substrate.
Where the salt contains a metal, all metals are contemplated. Preferred metals include conductive elements such as copper, silver and gold, but also include semiconductors such as silicon and germanium. For some purposes, especially production of catalysts, it is contemplated that metals such as cadmium, chromium, cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, platinum, palladium, rhodium, silver, tin, titanium, zinc, etc. can be used. As used herein, the term "metal" also includes alloys, metal/metal composites, metal ceramic composites, metal polymer composites, as well as other metal composites.
The substrate can comprise virtually any substance upon which a compound can be deposited. For example, contemplated substrates include metals and non-metals, conductors and non-conductors, flexible and inflexible materials, absorbent and non-absorbent materials, flat and curved materials, textured and non-textured materials, solid and hollow materials, and both large and small objects. Particularly preferred substrates are circuit boards, paper, glass, and metal objects. Viewed from another perspective, the wide breadth of contemplated substrates gives some indication of the scope of contemplated objects to which the present teachings may advantageously be applied. Thus, methods and apparatus taught herein may be used for a variety of applications, including multichip modules, PCMCIA cards, printed circuit boards, silicon wafers, security printing, decorative printing, catalysts, electrostatic shielding, hydrogen transport membranes, functionally gradient materials, production of nanomaterials, battery electrodes, fuel cell electrodes, actuators, electrical contacts, capacitors, and so forth. The methods and apparatus can be used as sensors and biosensors. The method and apparatus can be used to prepare templates for further lithography such as imprint nanolithography. Using the methods to connect nanowires and nanotubes is of particular interest.
Accordingly, the substrate is contemplated to represent any suitable substrate, including especially a circuit board, which may or may not be installed in or form part of an electronic device such as a computer, disk drive or other data processing or storage device, a telephone or other communication device, and a battery, capacitor, charger, controller or other energy storage related device.
Suitable energy sources contemplated herein include any source which is capable of effecting the desired chemical reaction(s) without causing excessive damage to the substrate or the coating. Thus, particularly preferred energy sources are radiative and convection heat sources, including especially infrared lamps and hot air blowers. Other suitable energy sources include electron beams, and radiative devices at non-IR wavelengths including x-ray, gamma ray and ultra-violet. Still other suitable energy sources include vibrational sources such as microwave transmitters. It should also be appreciated that the various energy sources can be applied in numerous ways. In preferred embodiments the energy source is directed at the precursor/ligand deposited on the substrate. However, in alternative embodiments, for example, a heated ligand could be applied to a cold precursor, or a heated precursor could be applied to a cold ligand.
Many advantages can be discerned from this invention including, for example, smooth surfaces, good coating adhesion, and control of coating thickness. Still another advantage of various embodiments of the present teachings is that coatings can be deposited with a purity of at least 80% by weight. In more preferred embodiments the purity of the metal or other material intended to be included in the coating is at least 90%, in still more preferred embodiments the purity is at least 95%, and in most preferred embodiments the purity is at least 97%.
Still another advantage of various embodiments of the present teachings is that coatings can be deposited with very little waste. In preferred embodiments at least 80% by weight of the material to be deposited on the substrate remains to form the desired pattern. For example, if copper (II) formate is used to produce a copper circuit, then at least 80% of the copper deposited on the substrate can remain to form the desired pattern, and no more than 20% of the copper is removed as "waste". In more preferred embodiments the waste is no more than 10%, in still more preferred embodiments the waste is no more than 95%, and in most preferred embodiments the waste is no more than 3%.
Still another advantage of various embodiments of the present teachings is low temperature operation. Metals, for example, can be deposited in desired patterns at temperatures of less than about 150� C., preferably less than about 100� C., more preferably less than about 75� C., and most preferably at ordinary room temperatures of room temperature (25-30� C.). The redox or "curing" step can also be performed at relatively low temperatures below about 100� C., more preferably below about 75� C., and even as low as about 50� C. Even lower temperatures are also possible, although below about 50� C. the redox reaction tends to be too slow for most applications. These ranges allow precursor solutions to be prepared at room temperature, the deposition to be performed at room temperature, and the decomposition to be accomplished using relatively low heat, as from a heat gun, in a room temperature environment.
The prior art describes additional methods and compositions which can be used to practice the present invention. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,038 to Sharma et al. (Apr. 13, 1999) is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and discloses direct deposition of palladium including a process for forming a layer of palladium on a substrate comprising (1) preparing a solution of a palladium precursor, (2) applying the palladium precursor to the surface of the substrate, and (3) decomposing the palladium precursor by subjecting the precursor to heat. This method can also be adapted to carry out nanolithography according to the present invention.
In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,615 to Sharma et al. (Dec. 8, 1998) is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and discloses decomposition of gold precursor to form a layer of gold on a substrate. This method can also be adapted to carry out nanolithography according to the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,204, moreover, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and discloses decomposition of a gold precursor to form gold features. This method can also be adapted to carry out nanolithography according to the present invention.
Still further, U.S. Pat. No. 6,548,122 to Sharma et al. (Apr. 15, 2003) is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and discloses use of copper (II) formate precursors, as well as gold and silver precursors.
Although the present invention is believed to be wide in scope, the following inks or patterning compounds are of particular interest for the present invention: copper formate or copper acetate; silver sulfate; silver nitrate; silver tetrafluroborate; palladium chloride, acetate, and acetylacetonate; hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid; ammonium iron citrate; carboxylates, (pseudo-)halides, sulfates, and nitrates of zinc, nickel, cadmium, titanium, cobalt, lead, iron, and tin; metalcarbonyl complexes, including chromium hexacarbonyl; amine bases, including cyclohexylamine, 3-picoline, (iso)quinoline, cyclopentylamine, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, formamide, ethylene diamine; polymers, including poly(ethyleneoxide), poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(vinylcarbozol), and poly(acrylamide).
In a preferred embodiment, for example, deposition can be carried out with use of aqueous solutions as ink, wherein the solutions comprise water, metal salt, and a water-soluble polymer such as a polyalkylene oxide polymer having molecular weight of about 50,000 or less. Aqueous solutions can be also useful as carriers for the reducing agent. For example, deposition of disodium palladium chloride in water with 10% polyethylene oxide (MW 10,000) via DPN printing on amino-silanized glass can be carried out (Schott Glass company), and subsequent chemical reduction to palladium metal using a reducing agent such as, for example, 0.03 M aqueous solution of dimethylamine:borane complex (DMAB). The concentration of the reducing agent can be varied to determine the best conditions for reduction. Atomic force micrographs of the patterns can be obtained before and after reduction. AFM imaging can be carried out with the tip which was used to deposit the structure or a different tip. If a different tip is used, the image can be better, particularly if the tip is selected or adapted for imaging rather than deposition. In general, polymers which are of commercial use in printing inks can be used in the present invention.
In another preferred embodiment, nanolithographic deposition can be carried out of palladium acetylacetonate (Pdacac) via DPN printing on an oxidized silicon substrate, and subsequent reduction by application of (1) a reducing agent, such as a liquid reducing agent like formamide, and (2) heat to the patterned surface. Another system is palladium acetate in DMF solvent. Before patterning and reduction, Pd(acac) can be dissolved in an organic solvent including a halogenated solvent such as chloroform to form an ink for use in coating a solid tip or passing through a hollow tip. Heat treatment can be sufficient to carry out the reduction including temperatures of, for example, about 100� C. to about 300� C. or about 150� C. The heat time, temperature, and atmospheric conditions can be adjusted to achieve the desired pattern. Generally, a heat time of one to five minutes at 150� C. can achieve a desired result. The stability of the deposited pattern can be examined by solvent rinsing, and the experimental conditions can be varied to improve the stability. Nanolithographic deposition experimental variables, including substrate and ink composition, also can be varied to provide better resolution. AFM micrographs can be obtained before reduction and after application of heat including use of height scan analysis of the patterns. The imaging parameters can be varied to improve image resolution.
In some cases, a tip such as a gold coated tip can catalyze reduction of a metal salt directly on the cantilever. The tip composition can be varied to prevent this. For example, an aluminum coated probe can be useful to avoid this reduction on the tip. Generally, the tips are preferably selected and adapted for long term use and avoid catalyzing reaction with the ink.
The reduction of a nanolithographically patterned metal salt can be also carried out by vapor reduction rather than liquid phase reduction, wherein the reducing agent is converted to vapor form and passed over the patterned substrate. Heaters known in the art can be used to heat the reducing agent to a vapor state as needed. In some cases, this type of treatment can improve the preservation of the original pattern during reduction.
In a preferred embodiment, deposition can be carried out for a silver salt emulsion consisting of ferric ammonium chloride, tartaric acid, silver nitrate, and water onto an aminosilanized glass substrate via DPN printing, followed by development by photoreduction under a UV lamp. AFM imaging can be carried out to show patterns.
In another preferred embodiment, the reduction step can be carried out with sufficient heat and sufficient time to reduce the metal salt without use of a chemically reducing agent. For example, temperatures below about 400� C. can be used, or below about 200� C. can be used. One skilled in the art can select temperatures and experiment accordingly based on a given ink system and pattern.
The deposition methods according to this invention also can include one or more pre-deposition steps, one or more probe cleaning or chemical modification steps aimed at improving ink coating; and one or more deposition steps, which may use dip pen nanolithography printing technology; one or more post-deposition steps, including cleaning steps and inspection steps.
Pre-deposition substrate surface treatment steps include but are not limited to (in no particular order):
Probe cleaning or modification steps include but are not limited to (in no particular order):
Deposition steps include but are not limited to the deposition of one or more inks e.g. by DPN™ printing or deposition with one or more probe(s). Possible inks include but are not limited to precursors, compounds that will form the bulk of the final pattern, catalysts, solvents, small molecule or polymeric carrier agents, host matrix materials, or sacrificial reducing agents, and mixtures of above materials. They may be deposited as thin films or as thick multilayers (formed by multiple deposition steps), with or without variation of the chemical composition from layer to layer.
Post-deposition steps include but are not limited to (in no particular order):
(a) Local heating of the deposited matter or surrounding substrate,
(b) Local irradiation of the deposited matter or surrounding substrate, and all combinations thereof.
The succession of all or some steps may be repeated several times.
The metallic nanostructures can be in the form of conductive nanoscopic grids which can include nanowires. For example, crossbar structures can be formed. Metallic layers can be formed on top of each other. Structures can be included to integrate the nanoscopic conductive patterns with microscopic and macroscopic testing methods. Resistors, capacitors, electrodes, and inductors can be used as desired to form a circuit. Semiconductors and transistors can be used as desired. Formation of multilayers can be carried out to increase the height of the structure. Different metals can be in different layers of the multilayer. The methods of the invention can be used to electrically connect electrodes. In sensor applications, for example, the metallic deposit can have a resistivity which is modified when an analyte of interest binds to the structure. In biosensor applications, for example, antibody-antigen, DNA hybridization, protein adsorption, and other molecular recognition events can be used to trigger a change in resistivity. The methods of this invention can be also used for bar code applications.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,742 to Chen, for example, describes nanolithographic structures formed by imprinting for nanocomputing and microelectronics applications. Imprinting, however, can suffer from mold stickiness effects. U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,742 nanocomputing applications and structures can be carried out using the nanolithographic methods described herein, and this patent is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The substrate can be a protosubstrate as described in, for example, U.S. regular patent application Ser. No. 10/444,061 filed May 23, 2003 to Cruchon-Dupeyrat et al "Protosubstrates". This allows electrical conductivity of the printed structure to be examined by macroscopic methods.
Non-limiting working examples are described below.
General Approach:
This methods provide for direct deposition of metal nanopatterns. Oxidizing and reducing compounds can be mixed together, applied to the tip, and deposited on the substrate at selected locations by DPN™ printing or deposition. The ink mixture can be then heated (either by heating of the whole substrate or by local probe-induced heating). Specifically, a metal salt and organic ligand cocktail can be used. A typical ink formulation can comprise a metal salt (e.g. carboxylate, nitrate, or halide) along with an appropriate organic Lewis base or ligand (amines, phosphines). Additives (small molecules such as ethyleneglycol, polymers such as polyethyleneoxide, PMMA, polyvinylcarbazol, etc) may also be used that modify the solubility, reactivity, or rheological properties of the ink. After deposition of the ink mixture, gentle heating in an ambient or inert environment (e.g., 40-200� C.) can assist the dis-proportionation of the salt to form a metallic precipitate and a volatile organic. This approach enables deposition of a variety of metals or metal oxides including, for example copper, under mild conditions with very little organic contaminant [see, for example, Sharma et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,998, the complete disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, in particular for the materials deposited]. Potential pitfalls may occur if the ligand evaporates from the patterned substrate before reaction takes place. In that case, the salt-patterned substrate may be exposed to a ligand in a second step prior to the heating.
Deposition experiments and AFM imaging can be carried out with a CP Research AFM (Veeco) or an Nscriptor (NanoInk). For both deposition and imaging, contact mode can be used including topography or lateral force modes.
One specific example of the use of this method used DPN™ printing or deposition to pattern palladium acetylacetonate dissolved in chloroform (1 mg/microliter; generally, almost saturated solutions of inks are desired) on oxidized silicon, glass, or amino-silanized glass. After patterning of the dots, a droplet (1 microlitre) of formamide was placed on the horizontal substrate and heated to 150� C. for 2 min. The resulting metal patterns were stable towards solvent rinsing (including water, alcohols, and other non-polar organics) while the salt patterns prior to reduction were removed by solvent rinsing.
Palladium nanopatterns were deposited by DPN printing and metallized by vapor reduction. A DPN ink consisting of palladium acetate in dimethylformamide was patterned onto silicon oxide using the DPN technique. The DPN pen used was a silicon nitride probe with a gold coating. This process also works well with aluminum coated DPN probes because the Al coating does not catalyze the reduction of the metal salt directly onto the cantilever as does the gold coated probes. Prior to patterning the silicon/silicon oxide wafer was cleaned by sonication in millipore water for 5 minutes. The patterned substrate was placed vertically in a conical polyethylene tube and 10 microlitres of formamide liquid was placed in the bottom of the tube. The tube was placed on a heating block and heated at 80� C. for 30 min. so that the vapor caused reduction of the metal precursor. This method is useful because it preserves the metal pattern on the substrate. The resulting metal structures are resistive to solvent rinsing and other common methods of cleaning.
Palladium nanopatterns deposited by DPN metallized by chemical reduction. A DPN ink consisting of disodium palladium chloride in water with 10% polyethyleneoxide (MW 10,000) was patterned onto amino-silanized glass (Schott Glass company) using the DPN technique. The patterned substrate was exposed to a solution of 0.03M aqueous solution of dimethylamine:borane complex (DMAB) to cause reduction of the metal precursor to conducting metal. The resulting metal structures are resistive to solvent rinsing.
Platinum nanopatterns deposited by DPN metallized by chemical reduction. A DPN ink consisting of platinum tetrachloride in water was patterned onto amino-silanized glass (Schott Glass company) using the DPN technique. The patterned substrate was exposed to a solution of 0.03M aqueous solution of dimethylamine:borane complex (DMAB) to cause reduction of the metal precursor to conducting metal. The reduction reaction occurs within seconds of immersion. The resulting metal structures are resistive to solvent rinsing.
Palladium patterns deposited by DPN. A DPN ink consisting of palladium acetate in dimethylformamide was patterned onto silicon oxide using the DPN technique. Prior to patterning the substrate was cleaning in piranha solution for 15 min at 80� C. After patterning the substrate was heated using a hot plate in air for at least 1 minute. After heating the pattern was imaged by AFM. The resulting metal structures show high topography and are resistive to solvent rinsing and other common methods of cleaning. FIG. 4 and
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Dorm decor 101: Balance function, personal style
Finding it online
The Internet has made getting ready for back to college easier than ever before. Go online, click on your items and have your order delivered to your dorm. Of course, you can always check out the quality of your purchases in the store first.
Here's a quick guide to some of the places and services that are offered for the college bound.
Bed, Bath & Beyond: This is one of the best-organized Web sites for back-to-dorm shopping. The "Pack & Hold" service allows you to shop online or in the store. BB&B will pack it, hold it, and ship it to your school on the ship date you select. You can set up a "College Registry" in the store or online that you can share with your college roommate and family. There's also help in deciding your decor with seven sample decorating styles in the "Survival 101" section. See bedbathandbeyond.com.
CB2: This Web site from the folks at Crate & Barrel isn't specifically designed for back to dorm, but it contains interesting decorating choices to imprint your personal style on your room. It has everything from storage to lighting and wall decor. See cb2.com.
Container Store: These folks also cater to the college bound with another well-organized Web site. It has info on shopping for the basic six, tips on finding your style, a college checklist and college must-haves. You can also register to have an expert call and help you plan your decor. See containerstore.com.
J.C. Penney: Click on the "Dorm Shop" tab to get to the right Web page. Besides storage and decor, there's a checklist and campus solutions that range from making the most of small spaces to finding your personal style. See jcpenney.com.
Linens 'N Things: Click on "Destination Dorm" at the top of the page. You'll find a back-to-dorm checklist, wish list and a dorm survival guide with decorating options. See lnt.com.
Target: To find the dorm-related items, you'll have to search for "dorm." You'll find everything from desk lamps with your school name on them to mirrors, seating and bookshelves. See target.com.
West Elm: Like CB2, this site doesn't cater to the back-to-dorm crowd, but it has some pretty cool stuff designed for younger tastes and budgets. See westelm.com.
FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. -- Decorating your college dorm with just the standard storage solutions is so old school.
Style is as important as storage. Even basic boxes have turned up the volume on the style quotient with color, fabric and texture.
"Our kids today are so much savvier than they were five, 10 or 15 years ago," says Mona Williams, vice president of buying for the Container Store.
"They are really design savvy. They don't want some drab room. They want to really redecorate their small space. It's not only function. They want it to look great."
And making it look great is easier than ever before.
Dorm decor is not only available at all the usual suspects -- Container Store, Bed, Bath & Beyond, J.C. Penney and Linens 'N Things. Add sizzle to the design from stores with a younger esthetic such as CB2 and West Elm.
Deb Schweiss, trend director for home at J.C. Penney, says if you're moving into a dorm for the first time, start with the basics -- extra-long dorm sheets, pillows, shower tote, hamper and storage boxes. But also think about how you are going to use the room. Extra seating is essential. Options include everything from bean-bag chairs to folding chairs that can be stored under the bed.
"Dorm decor is a balance between basics and over-the-top technology," Schweiss says.
The basics have been updated with fun colors, fabric and textures.
"They should get the foundation built with the basics and look at some accents to really bring out their personality."
Williams agrees that function, although important in a small room, is just the start.
"It's not only function," she says. "They want it to look great.
"They may not be the same person they are at home. This is an opportunity to reinvent themselves. It may also be the first time they are decorating with a roommate. They will have to negotiate what colors they use and what the room will look like. College is a learning experience on how to negotiate."
So what do our pros say are hot trends this year?
Decorated boxes for exterior storage.
They come in graphic patterns, bright colors as well as neutrals. West Elm has five sizes of attractive canvas storage boxes in an octagonal print ($19-$39). The Container Store's Rococo Fabric Tote Boxes in three sizes ($9.99-$14.99) are also a mega hit.
Everything for your iPod.
Accessories continue to be a must-have, including docking stations and portable speakers. J.C. Penney ramps it up with a Shower iPod/MP3 Player ($29.99).
Colorful choices.
Brighter tones, such as turquoise and pink, are still popular. But so are softer colors in green, blue and a brown that's almost khaki. And every room needs at least a dash of red.
Style for back of the door.
Sure, you can still use the space for a shoe bag or a traditional floor-length mirror, but there are a lot more exciting options. J.C. Penney's colorful Over the Door Mirrored Memo Board ($59.99) looks hip and serves a dual function.
Personalization is the big buzz word. This is the chance to do it your way, whether it's a Zen design with Buddha heads or a contemporary look Mom and Dad won't understand.
CB2 provides an homage to Andy Warhol with the Lip Melamine Appetizer Plate ($1.99) and a retro nod with Record Album Frames ($14.95) that provide a home for outdated LP records.
The Translations Wastebasket ($24.99) from Container Store, which is decorated with Japanese newspapers and magazines, is a great choice for the eco-crowd.
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
32 year old man | Edgewood, MD, USA | Seeking women 21-40 within 50 miles
There is a good, excuse me, GREAT guy here. Just check me out!!!!
I am a very laid back, fun, exciting, type of guy. I'm lookin for a female who is beautiful on the inside and out. Someone who is cool and collective but knows how to have a wild side as well. I like a woman who is spontaneous. One who can be classy yet, get crazy when the time is right. I want a women who I can just talk to and be friends with as well. A good conversation is always good. OTher than that, I don't ask for too much.
Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football
I don't exercise regularly.
Middle of the Road
I'm open to pretty much anything legal. (lol) I'm always open to visiting new places and doing new things.
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
I love to eat, especially seafood. I love to watch sports and listen to music. I really like to just sit back have fun and laugh. I also like to cuddle when i have a special lady in my life.
I love to play music. I"m piano player. I love to go bowling and play pool. I"m pretty much a laid back guy who just likes to chill and have fun. I'm not very hard to please.
Unfortunately, i'm not too much of a reader. The last thing I read was probably about the election. lol
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'11" (180cms)
|4'8" (142cms) to 5'10" (177cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, Full-figured, Heavyset
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, White / Caucasian
|Black / African descent, East Indian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern
|Christian / Protestant
|No preference
|No preference
|Some college
|No preference
I went to Ohio state University in columbus Ohio . I was a jazz performance piano major there.


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*SITE RELAUNCH: We're moving content over - we're not quite done yet! Issues or questions? Please post in the forums :)
EverQuest is set in the enormous fantasy world of Norrath and has a whopping 15 unique classes and 16 different races. On top of that, players can choose from one of 17 deities to further customize their character. The free version of the game offers full access to the base game plus 18 expansions, and all race/class options, but has some limitations in spell ranks, character slots, and social features.
In EverQuest's most recent expansion, Darkened Seas, the level cap will raise to 105, and players will be able to use the new Mount Key Ring to access their entire collection in one go. The expansion also comes with eight new zones, new quests, missions, raids, tradeskills, spells, AAs, and items!
- Status: Released
- Release Date: Mar 16, 1999
- Business Model: Free to Play
- Developer: Daybreak Game Company
- Publisher: Daybreak Game Company
- Category: Stand-alone
- Genre(s): 3D, MMO, RPG, Fantasy
- Platforms: PC, Mac
- Editor's Score: 2/5
- Pros:
- +Incredible amount of variety in character creation and quests.
- +Good tutorial.
- +Unique 'Faction / Deity' system.
- +Good Music.
- -Combat and overall gameplay feels incredibly slow paced.
- -Dated interface.
- -Combat animations look clumsy.
- Recommended System Requirements:
- OS: Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7
- CPU: Pentium® 4 equivalent or greater
- GPU: NVIDIA 6800 or ATI x1800
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