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Sugar label proposal draws opposition as FDA review kicks off
FDA announces Wawona Packing's voluntary recall of certain fruits
A California company has voluntarily recalled some lots of whole peaches, nectarines, plums, and pluots, the FDA announced Monday.
National Gay Blood Drive urges FDA to change policy preventing gay, bisexual men from donating blood
Now in its second year, the National Gay Blood Drive is pushing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to change its 31-year-old policy preventing gay and bisexual men from donating blood.
Improving Public HealthComment
Crosse Interview June 26, 2014
Federal Drug Administration to issue guidelines on lowering sodium levels in food
Food companies and restaurants could soon face government pressure to make their foods less salty - a long-awaited federal effort to try to prevent thousands of deaths each year from heart disease and stroke.
Contaminated jerky pet treats linked to at least 1,000 canine deaths
After testing for a long list of contaminants, the FDA says it has been unable to find the root cause of the illnesses and deaths thus far.
E-cigarette regulations coming from federal government
The federal government wants to ban sales of electronic cigarettes to minors and require approval for new products and health warning labels under regulations being proposed by the Food and Drug Administration.
DAYBREAK DAILY: Senate upholds McAuliffe veto of school-prayer bill
Virginia governor has said bill would have infringed upon students' rights to be free of religious coercion.
DNA alternative to Pap smear sparks medical debate
A high-tech screening tool for cervical cancer is facing pushback from more than a dozen patient groups, who warn that the genetic test could displace a simpler, cheaper and more established mainstay of women's health: the Pap smear.
Congressmen urge FDA to approve regulation of e-cigarettes
A report issued by a number of Congressmen shares concerns that there are no age restrictions currently with e-cigarettes, and that special flavors and marketing could attract children.
Female libido pill maker says FDA wants more studies
The drugmaker working to develop a pill to boost sexual desire in women says regulators are demanding more studies on the experimental drug.
Rice causes skin reactions in children
The FDA is warning against eating Uncle Ben's rice products served at schools, restaurants, hospitals and other food service institutions after children in three states had skin reactions and other symptoms that were linked to the rice.
FDA anti-smoking campaign depicts yellowing teeth, wrinkled skin
The Food and Drug Administration is using ads that depict yellow teeth and wrinkled skin to show the nation's at-risk youth the costs associated with cigarette smoking.
FDA investigating caramel coloring in soda
The Food and Drug Administration says it is conducting new studies of the safety of caramel coloring in soft drinks and other foods.
E-cigarettes grow in popularity, but still risky
The FDA currently only has the authority to regulate cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, but it's now under pressure to add e-cigarettes, cigars, and hookah to that list.
Star Scientific illegally marketing diet drug, smoking product
The Virginia dietary supplement maker central to a gift scandal involving Gov. Bob McDonnell is illegally marketing two products, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says.
Anti-bacterial soap health risks, VA employee bonuses, 2013 car model deals
Anti-bacterial soaps face scrutiny, Virginia employees could get bonuses soon, and now may be a great time to purchase that car you've had your eye on.
Antibacterial liquid soap may not prevent spreading of germs, FDA says
The federal government said Monday it has no evidence that antibacterial chemicals used in liquid soaps and washes help prevent the spread of germs, and it is reviewing research suggesting they may pose health risks.
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From the Publisher"Absorbing… Ali has written a thoughtful book about a serious theme: the insanity of celebrity culture… Exercising the novelist's right to imagine, she has tried to get inside the head of the biggest celebrity of our age. It's a bold move, and it will offend people who have made a quasi-religious idol of the princess. But the artistry of Ali's execution justifies her risky choice of material… While reading this book, you genuinely feel she might still be out there somewhere, living the unobserved life she never had."—Weekend Australian
"An exciting psychological thriller with several unpredictable twists. Ali takes the testosterone-loaded concept of the stake-out and adds a feminine touch."—The Age (Australia)

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Explore the Entrepreneurship.org Resource Center to find resources. Designed with entrepreneurs in mind, our resource center allows you to find materials to grow great ideas.
The legal documents included in a Private Placement Memorandum give potential investors necessary information about your company, the terms of the securities being offered and the risks of buying and holding them. Here's how to put it together.
Numerous factors affect how angels value a company. Primary are the strength of the management team and the size of the opportunity, or a company's potential to scale. Accompanying this article is a valuation worksheet that entrepreneurs can use to better understand what investors look for and to identify factors that can justify higher pre-money valuations. Investors will find it useful to compare companies and determine whether valuation should be higher or lower.
Social responsibility is a driving force for Jim Kenefick, both in business and in how he gives back.
President Obama bet his legacy and the nation on the creativity, energy and drive of the American people. His entire persona is that of a man bent on creating a better future, placing the long and short bets that will insure the US remains the most vital and creative nation in the history of the world. His faith in American ingenuity and the abilities of the people to innovate and create fill every speech he makes. In particular four areas are the focus of his belief that Americans can lead the world into a brighter tomorrow; clean energy, communications, medicinal technology and space development.
Be it encouraging the development of a US clean energy industry, supporting our amazing internet and communications entrepreneurs, developing new ways to save lives and make Americans healthier at lower cost, or catalyzing a vital new commercial space industry to follow in NASA's footsteps and open the frontier to the people, in each of these areas the president is pursuing initiatives that are transformative.
Convertible debt and a discreet amount of bank credit are available to entrepreneurs seeking substantial loan financing for early-stage ventures, says a company founder turned private investor.
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Chocolate Cake
Community Recipe from
- 4 stick(s) Butter - unsalted
- 1 cup(s) Cocoa Whisk these two together
- 2 cup(s) Hot Water Slowly add the hot water.
- 4 cup(s) Cake Flour
- 2 1/2 cup(s) Sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon(s) Salt
- 4 whole(s) Eggs
- 1 cup(s) Buttermilk
- 2 teaspoon(s) Baking Soda
- 2 teaspoon(s) Vanilla
- 3 cup(s) Heavy Cream
- 24 ounce(s) Semi Sweet Cocoa
- 2 teaspoon(s) Vanilla
- Preheat oven to 350. Prepare 3 round cake pans, sprinkle with cocoa.
- Whisk together butter and cocoa, slowly add boiling water. In a separate bowl, stir together flour, sugar and salt. Add in eggs, one at a time, buttermilk, b.s. and vanilla. Incorporate cocoa mixture to flour mixture and blend thoroughly. Pour into prepared pans and bake for 20 minutes. Remove from heat, let cool.
- Prepare frosting and chill until cakes are cooled and ready to frost. Refrigerate after frosted. Enjoy!
March 2012
This recipe is a personal recipe added by BethSavastano and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
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- CONVENIENCE: Quick/Easy
- CUISINE: American - Traditional
- MAIN INGREDIENT: Chocolate
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Originally written on Philly Sports Muse | Last updated 11/19/14
Will Trent Edwards' smile grow even bigger on Friday? The Philadelphia Eagles have some tough decisions to make in the next 48 hours. By Friday, their roster, currently standing at 75, must be reduced to 53 players. There are battles happening at virtually every position on the team and pure talent is only part of the equation. One of the biggest decisions the coaches have in front of them for all positions is the question of how well a give a player can play, but in addition: Is he the right fit for us? The competition at the quarterback position is one of the most highly publicized. Head coach Andy Reid on Tuesday named Nick Foles as the number two quarterback, which means that the question now moves to who the remaining QB will be on the Eagles roster: Mike Kafka or Trent Edwards? That fact that Kafka could even be in danger of losing his spot on the Birds' roster is a testament to the folly of football. You just never know what can happen, especially when injuries come into p...
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Welcome to the Center for Cosmetic and Family Dentistry
Henderson, NV
Thank you for choosing Center for Cosmetic and Family Dentistry as your dental home in Henderson, NV! Our excellent service, friendly team and state-of-the art facility ensure you will receive the high quality, personalized dental care you need and deserve.
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Welcome to Center for Cosmetic and Family Dentistry, your Henderson dentist! Below you will find all the resources you need in preparation for your first dental visit. We look forward to meeting you.


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Shavel Gray Wolf Hi-Pile Throw
We're sorry, this item has sold out. However, we have found some other items you may like. You can find those listed at right.
This over-sized, multi-purpose throw is warm and cuddly and can be used in any room as a decorative accent. Use on your bed, sofa, chair, or even as a wall hanging. Take it to sporting events, picnics and even on camping trips!
- Measures 60-in. x 80-in.
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Romney: Obama won with 'gifts' to certain voters
WASHINGTON Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney is telling top donors that President Barack Obama won re-election because of the "gifts" he had already provided to blacks, Hispanics and young voters and because of the president's effort to paint Romney as anti-immigrant.
"The president's campaign, if you will, focused on giving targeted groups a big gift," Romney said in a call to donors on Wednesday. "He made a big effort on small things."
Romney said his campaign, in contrast, had been about "big issues for the whole country." He said he faced problems as a candidate because he was "getting beat up" by the Obama campaign and that the debates allowed him to come back.
In the call, Romney didn't acknowledge any major missteps, such as his "47 percent" remarks widely viewed as denigrating nearly half of Americans, his lack of support for the auto bailout, his call for illegal immigrants to "self-deport," or his change in position on abortion, gun control and other issues. He also didn't address the success or failure of the campaign's strategy of focusing on the economy in the face of some improvement in employment and economic growth during the months leading up to Election Day.
Obama won the popular vote by about 3.5 million votes, or 3 percent, and won the Electoral College by a wide margin, 332-206 electoral votes. Exit polls conducted for The Associated Press and television networks showed that Obama led Romney by 11 percentage points among women and won better than 7 of 10 Hispanic voters and more than 9 of 10 black voters.
Romney called his loss to Obama a disappointing result that he and his team had not expected, but he said he believed his team had run a superb campaign. He said he was trying to turn his thoughts to the future, "but, frankly, we're still so troubled by the past, it's hard to put together our plans for the future."
Romney's finance team organized the call to donors. A person who listened to Romney's call provided details about it to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because the call was private. The Los Angeles Times first reported Romney's remarks.
Among the "gifts" Romney cited were free health care "in perpetuity," which he said was highly motivational to black and Hispanic voters as well as for voters making $25,000 to $35,000 a year.
Romney also said the administration's promise to offer what he called "amnesty" to the children of illegal immigrants - what he termed "the so-called DREAM Act kids" - helped send Hispanics to the polls for Obama.
Young voters, Romney said, were motivated by the administration's plan for partial forgiveness of college loan interest and being able to remain on their parents' health insurance plans. Young women had an additional incentive to vote for Obama because of free contraception coverage under the president's health care plan, he said.
"I'm very sorry that we didn't win," he told donors. "I know that you expected to win. We expected to win. We were disappointed; we hadn't anticipated it."


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Nike+ SportBand training aid
Nike+ SportBand
Nike+ Coach
Article Summary
April 3, 2008 Expanding on its "Nike+ experience", the sports giant has released a new SportBand designed to help runners monitor performance and enhance their training. The Nike+ SportBand is a minimalistic wristwatch that monitors steps and allows runners to check time, pace, distance and calories burned at a glance. The watch face is a detachable LINK that captures all the run data from a sensor located in the runner's Nike+ ready footwear. Once a run is completed, the LINK plugs into a computer via a USB socket so data can then be sent to nikeplus.com where a runner's progress is tracked.
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Understand Fruit Trees Grafting
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Tree nursing tutorials, This tutorial will show you how to understand fruit trees grafting to create multi-variety fruit.
Understand Fruit Trees Grafting ,create a multi-variety fruit tree,davewilsontrees,fruit tree planting,fruit trees understand fruit trees grafting,graft a fruit tree,multi-variety fruit tree,tree gardening,tree nursing tutorials,tree planting
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Good morning, I'm Tom Spellman with Dave Wilson Nursery. This morning we're in one of the nurseries' propagation green houses and we're going to discuss the subject of grafting. First of all, what is grafting?
Grafting is actually the combination of two different living organisms together. It is a rootstock. Second of all, in the combination, is our, cultivar or our scion variety. And this is the fruiting variety that we would like to propagate. And you have to have both of these things to have a good successful fruit tree. Practice is the most important thing to take into consideration when grafting. Make practice cuts, don't start on viable tissue. Don't start on a live tree. Get yourself some wood. Just cut off from any basic fruit tree when you're pruning and make practice cuts. Make lots of practice cuts. Get comfortable with the knife; get comfortable with the feel of the wood in your hand. You don't want to be waddling; you want to make long, smooth cuts. You want to make sure you're coming up with a nice, clean uniform wedge. First graft we're going to do today is a cleft graft. Once you've practiced and practiced and practiced more, you're ready to start making your first viable incisions into a living tissue. The first you want to take into consideration with a cleft graft is compatibility and size of wood. I don't want a large scion and a small under stalk or vice versa a large under stalk and a small scion. I want the sizes to be just about identical. So these are just about a quarter inch. Now, when making your first cuts, you want to start directly below a viable bud and you want to make that nice, long slice. Same thing on a reversed side, so you have about an inch, inch and a half cut at that point I'm going to select a portion of the trunk that is compatible in size and remove the top.
And secure my scion, so I have a three or four bud scion and now I'm going to make an incision into the rootstalk so that I'm peeling back a section of rootstalk that I can insert my scion into. We want it to match up nice on both sides and have a good uniformed bond there. It's very important to match up cambium later on at least the front side, front and back if possible. At this point were going to secure our graft in place with a rubber band. Any portion of exposed cuts should then be sealed with some sort of a tree seal. This happens to be an asphalt emulsion three seal. There is also a yellow cap that you can use and several different products, they all work fine. I happen to like the old asphalt seal. Any portion of exposed cuts should be sealed up.
The next thing you consider is graft maintenance. At this point, this young graft can be outdoors in a shade house or in a green house until you start to see some growth. At that point, you're going to probably have growth on the buds on the rootstalk below as well as some initiations on the scion above. Don't do anything right away. Let that growth come out, let it grow two to three inches before you do any suckering. At that point, when you have good growth on the rootstalk as well as the scion, you should remove the sucker growth down below on the rootstalk and encourage one or two good straight, vigorous shoots from the graft.
The next grafts that were going to demonstrate today are a whip on tongue graft and the procedure on this is relatively simple. It is making one long slanting cut on the rootstalk. One long slanted cut on the scion and then making a small tongue cut, so let's start with our rootstalk here. Again making sure that you hold the knife away from you, never pull directly towards you so I'm going to lean this over a little bit and take that top off. So I have one nice slanted cut here.
This is the initiation of our tongue cut on the rootstalk, just making one small flap. Now we'll make a matching cut on our scion behind a good viable bud. Now were going to make a matching tongue cut on our scion. Now that we have a good match, we'll secure this with a band. Any exposed cuts should then be sealed up and then another graft is complete. Taken this consideration the same thing we talked about with the cleft graft. You're going to allow the growth to begin. Both on the rootstalk and on the scion, as the growth start to initiate on the rootstalk, let it come an inch, two inches, three inches and then remove it. At that point the scion should be healed in and then growing on its own. Select out one or two good viable buds and grow your structure.
The next type of graft I'm going to demonstrate is a side veneer graft. This graft is done on the side of the trunk leaving a nurse branch on the tree and the reason to leave that nurse branch on is to not interrupt the movement of nutrients to the system. This type of graft is most commonly done on evergreen material. Ornamentals like magnolia, fruiting plants like guava, mango, some citrus things where you want to make sure that you have activity on the system. You don't want to just shut it down and shock it. I am going to do this on a peach today because that's what I have to work it but you can use this type of graft on basically any type of material where you want to keep that vigor in the system.
The first thing were going to do is make our cut in the rootstalk, okay for this cut we'll select an area about six inches up above soil level and make one long cut to expose a bark flap and take a small cut off the top. Maybe a quarter of an inch just so was opening up an area. We want to make a compatible cut in our scion taking into consideration that back cut can be a bit slighter longer than the front cut, so the back cut is going to start just below a good variable bud. And the front cut is going to be about a quarter of an inch below that. At this point our scion is inserted into the rootstalk so that we have a good match, flap coming up in the front to cover the cut and were going to match this up and seal it up with our rubber band.
When sealing this cut, we want to make sure that we get a little bit of our tree seal back behind in that union area so that we don't have any exposed area where water could run down on the scion and the rootstalk and seal up our top cut. Maintenance on this type of graft is a little bit different than the others. We already have our nurse branch here, which is going to keep the activity flowing through the system, and we never want to let this dominate. We don't want to let this get too far advanced ahead of the scion, so at this point I'm going to just remove about half of that. Were going to allow the union to take, were going to allow the new growth to start on the scion and the growth to come on the rootstalk but were going to continually reduce this growth on the rootstalk so it never overpowers the scion.
As the scion is growing and vigorous, I'm going to remove this nurse branch. We may come in at maybe six moths or six weeks later. I'm going to take that off as a clean cut and just allow this growth to come out. Another thing that's extremely important to take into consideration when grafting. When your grafts are complete, make sure to label the varieties. If you're doing a lot of different grafts in a day with a lot of different varieties and you don't put a label right on them right away. You're almost sure to lose track of which varieties are on which tree.
Where doing home propagation just take into consideration that there is a lot of patented varieties out there. They are not free to propagate. There are varieties like pluants and aprions and other inner specific hybrids. Commercial varieties that are grown throughout the fruit industry and a lot of people rely on the income from those patents, so you don't want to replicate those varieties yourself. Respect the industry, buy those varieties but there are literally hundreds and hundreds of varieties that are old fashioned things that have been on the market for decades or even a century or more that are absolutely free to propagate.
Posted: 08/21/2009
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Duration: 09:01
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Former Manchester United and Aston Villa boss Ron Atkinson says James Milner must be a starter for England at this year's World Cup.
Wayne Rooney is acknowledged as the main man for Manchester United and England, and Atkinson backs Milner to harness his Villa form and boost the national cause in South Africa.
Atkinson told the Sunday Mirror: "Milner has had an outstanding season for Villa and proved himself a big player for the club. I would definitely have him in the England starting XI.
"His versatility makes him an even more valuable player, but although he's been operating in a central role I'm sure he could solve the left-side problem for Fabio Capello.
"He's a terrific team player, he would work that flank, cut in on his right and cross with either foot. He can provide the service for Rooney and our other striker.
"We know Rooney can play on his own but I prefer two strikers. I would go with Peter Crouch up top, and give Rooney licence to go where he likes. Jermain Defoe could come on when the game gets stretched. Rooney has been on fire for his club but so has Milner.
"They've been two of the best English players all season and can play major roles for England this summer."


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Google kicks off its I/O Developers conference today. It's the day many android fans have been waiting for. Wearable gadgets are expected to take center stage at the event. But integrated technology for both your home and car are expected to be a big part of it too.
Bad news for Amazon. The company says it is putting its drone delivery system into a holding pattern. That's because the FAA has shot down the company's plan to use them. According to the FAA, drones are the same as model planes and cannot be used for commercial purposes.
The popular coffee maker Keurig is introducing a new brewing system. Instead of making coffee one cup at a time, the new Keurig 2.0 makes a whole carafe of coffee all at once. The new $200 brewing system also lets you favorite your preferences and then remembers how strong you like your coffee and how many cups you usually like to make.


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Mother, son separated, begin 25-year global search
His house... he had recently used Google's satellite feature to get a bird's eye view of his Australian house. Would it have similar images of his homeland?
He sat down at a computer and called up a map of India. He randomly zoomed in on a train track and followed it, scrutinizing stations he passed, searching for something familiar. He zeroed in on Calcutta, since that was where he'd ended up, and worked backwards. He narrowed down the search area by multiplying the approximate time he'd been on the train by an estimate of how fast an Indian train could have traveled.
It was a needle in a haystack, and he knew it. Still, his hunt dragged on for years. His girlfriend, Lisa Williams, watched him hunch over his computer night after night, scrolling and searching. She wondered if this ritual would ever stop. If Saroo would ever stop.
In Ganesh Talai, Fatima refused to stop as well.
She had never touched a computer, heard of Google or seen an airplane up close. But for a quarter century, she remained a regular visitor to fortunetellers.
This time, she brought some rice to a Sufi mystic. He scattered it on the floor and stared hard at the grains to find her destiny.
Your Saroo, he said, is coming home. He will be back in 40 days.
Saroo's eyes drifted across an image of yet another train station and froze. The walkover bridge, the water tank - exactly as he remembered. He scrolled further. The waterfall where he used to swim. A familiar tunnel. The fountain.
His heart was pounding. He pressed a hand to his forehead.
The map listed the town as "Khandwa." He plugged the name into Facebook. Bam - a group called "`Khandwa' My Home Town."
On March 31, 2011, he wrote:
"can anyone help me, i think im from Khandwa. i havent seen or been back to the place for 24 years. Just wandering if there is a big fountain near the Cinema?"
The administrator's response was vague. On April 3, 2011, Saroo tried again:
"Can anyone tell me, the name of the town or suburb on the top right hand side of Khandwa? I think it starts with G..."
The adminstrator answered the next day: "Ganesh Talai."
Ganesh Talai. Home.
He raced into the bedroom, waking Williams with shouts of victory. He told his adoptive parents. Everyone was excited, but cautious. "There's a lot of water fountains in India," Saroo's mother told him.
But he knew. And he knew he had to find out what had happened to his family. To Guddu. To his mother. He knew he had to go back.
But what was he going back to?
This story was reported by Nessman from Khandwa, India, and Gelineau from Sydney, Australia. It is based on multiple interviews with Saroo Brierley, his girlfriend Lisa Williams, mother Fatima Munshi, sister Shakila Khan, a representative of the Indian Society for Sponsorship and Adoption, photographs of Saroo and Fatima's reunion, and the reporters' own observations from watching and listening to them. Quotes from the "`Khandwa' My Home Town" Facebook site appear as they were written.
The Associated Press


text:
A method of dispensing beer out of a single faucet from one, or from a number of kegs separately connected by suitable ducts with a header communicating with the faucet. A control valve device for each keg has a chamber forming a part of its duct. Float valves, one in each chamber, are operable upon decrease in the amount of fluid in their chambers to interrupt communication between the chamber outlets and the header. Differential pressure actuated valve means in each chamber functions to interrupt communication between its interior and the chamber inlet in response to decrease in pressure at said inlet.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent [191 Nezworski lll] 3,878,970
[451 Apr. 22, 1975 BEER DISPENSING INSTRUMENTALITIES AND METHOD [21] Appl. No.: 441,140
[52] US. Cl. 222/61 [51] Int. Cl 867d l/04 [58] Field of Search 222/64, 55, 56, 65, 66,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Hixon et al. l37/266 3.l94,434 7/l965 Evanson 137/256 X Primary Examiner-Stanley l-I. Tollberg 5 7 ABSTRACT A method of dispensing beer out of a single faucet from one, or from a number of kegs separately connected by suitable duets with a header communicating with the faucet. A control valve device for each keg has a chamber forming a part of its duct. Float valves, one in each chamber, are operable upon decrease in the amount of fluid in their chambers to interrupt communication between the chamber outlets and the header. Differential pressure actuated valve means in each chamber functions to interrupt communication between its interior and the chamber inlet in response to decrease in pressure at said inlet.
21 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTED APR22 I975 SHEET 3 if M50461 d0 Pm03 u OP BEER DISPENSING INSTRUMENTALITIES AND METHOD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to apparatus for dispensing liquids from pressurized containers thereof. and has more particular reference to beer dispensing systems.
Multiple barrel beer dispensing systems are now in widespread use because of their convenience to the bartenders and other persons who dispense beer. With a number of barrels, or kegs, supplying a common faucet, tapping need not be performed as frequently as when but one barrel at a time is connected to the faucet. In fact, it is often possible with multiple barrel dispensing to leave the tapping chore to the delivery man who usually calls on his customers in accordance with a prearranged schedule to substitute full kegs for emp-' ties.
However, all multiple barrel dispensing systems in use in the past have had serious disadvantages.
In the most widely used multiple barrel dispensing system heretofore employed, the kegs were connected in series between the dispensing faucet and the source of gas pressure. As a result, the beer flowing from each keg to the adjacent downstream keg had to be introduced into the latter through the gas passage of its tapping device.
With tapping devices such that of the Taubenheim US. Pat. No. 3,596,810, satisfactory dispensing of beer from multiple barrel series type dispensing systems was possible because the gas and beer passages in those tapping devices were arranged concentrically with respect to one another. This enabled the gas passage in those tapping devices to have a cross sectional area large enough to enable beer to flow through it without being unduly restricted.
The widely used Hoff-Stevens tapping devices of the Stevens, Jr. US. Pat. No. 3,228,413, however, have the gas and beer passages formed by side-by-side parallel bores, and as a result the gas passage is too small to satisfactorily accomodate the flow of beer. Consequently, connection in series of a number of beer kegs equipped with Hoff-Stevens tapping devices so seriously reduced beer dispensing rates as to render such a system completely unacceptable, even with objectionably high gas pressure on the endmost keg of the series.
It is this objection to the Hoff-Stevens tapping de vices which led to the development of a multiple keg beer dispensing system in which the several kegs are individually connected with the source of gas under pressure, and their beer passages are selectively and separately connectable with a single faucet through an electrically operated multiport distributor valve mechanism having manual selector means remote therefrom but readily accessible to the bartender at the dispensing station behind the bar. Thus, whenever one keg becomes empty, the bartender actuates the selector means to effect disconnection of the empty keg from the faucet and connection of a full keg with the faucet.
But that selector valve system has a serious objection in addition to its high cost. As in all single barrel dispensing systems, a considerable amount of beer in the supply line leading to the faucet is lost each time a keg connected therewith empties. When that occurs, the supply line fills with an excessively foamy and unsaleable product, and issue thereof from the faucet constitutes the only warning that the empty keg must be replaced by a full one; as through the selector valve of the new system.
The only way to purge the foam from the supply line was to draw fresh beer from the newly connected keg. Since supply lines feet or more in length are not uncommon, considerable time was spent in such purging, along with the loss of a substantial amount of beer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION With these objections and observations in mind, it is a purpose of this invention to provide an improved method of dispensing beer from one or from a number of barrels thereof, the practice of which method eliminates the objections to and disadvantages of past dispensing systems as well as those presently in use.
More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide a beer dispensing system which features a novel control valve device for each barrel ofa beer dispensing system, which for the first time makes possible the advantageous connection of a number of barrels in parallel with the supply line leading to the dispensing faucet.
It is another purpose of the invention to provide novel control valve means by which one or a plurality of beer kegs can be connected with a faucet in a system far superior to any heretofore available.
With these observations and objectives in mind, the manner in which the invention achieves its purpose will be appreciated from the following description and the accompanying drawings, which exemplify the invention, it being understood that changes may be made in the precise method of practicing the invention and the specific apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the essentials of the invention set forth in the appended claims.
The accompanying drawings illustrate several complete examples of the embodiments of the invention constructed according to the best modes so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:
FIG. 1 somewhat diagrammatically illustrates a system which is typical of the parallel type multi-keg beer dispensing method of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view through one of the control valve devices, taken on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the control valve devices which make possible the parallel connection of a number of beer barrels with a single faucet, indicating the valve devices as housed in a single body;
FlG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating the way in which the control valves can be gang connected, with their outlets providing a common delivery header; and
FlGS. 5 and 6 are modified types of control valve devices in which solenoid type outlet valves are employed.
Referring now to the accompanying drawings, the numeral 10 generally designates a walk-in cooler containing a battery of beer kegs ll, 12 and 13. Ducts 14, one for each keg, connect the tapping units 15 of the individual kegs with a common supply line 16 leading to a faucet 117. A dispensing system comprising three kegs has been shown by way of example only, as this invention makes possible connection of several more with the supply line, if desired.
Carbon dioxide gas under pressure, from a cylinder not shown, is supplied to the gas passage in each tapping unit through its nipple 18 and a tube 19 connecting the tapping unit with a common gas supply line 20. A shut-off valve V is connected in each of the tubes 19.
According to this invention, the kegs or barrels are communicated with the beer supply line 16 leading to the faucet 17 through control valve devices 25, one for each barrel, having a chamber 26 inits interior forming in effect a part of the duct 14 by which its barrel is communicated with the beer supply line. Since these control valve devices are identical, a description of one will suffice for all.
The control valve device comprises a body 27 which, for example, can be made of complementary upper and lower body sections 28 and 29, respectively, having telescoping parts held together by screws 30 and sealed against leakage by an O-ring 31. The body can, if desired, be of rectangular or square cross section, and it is elongated vertically, with its chamber 26 in an upright position.
An inlet 33 opens laterally to the top of the chamber, and an outlet 34 opens downwardly from its bottom into a crossbore 35 in the lower portion of the body, which crossbore extends entirely therethrough from one side of the body to the other.
As shown in FIG. 1 and indicated in phantom lines in FIG. 2, the several valve devices 25 are mounted in a holding bracket 36 which is adapted for attachment to one of the walls 37 of the walk-in cooler at a location near the barrels, and in a way that leaves a space 38 behind the bracket. The inlets 33 of the valve devices open rearwardly toward the wall 37 to enable the ducts 14 from the barrels to be run up through the space 38 and have concealed connections (not shown) with the valve inlets 33.
It should be noted that the valve devices have been illustrated as separate self-contained units, much as sectional hydraulic valves which are stacked together in a bank. However, they can also comprise the desired number of valve mechanisms contained in a housing common to all of them, as seen more or less diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
In the present case, the valve bodies are confined by the walls of the holding bracket 36 in snug side-by-side relationship, with their crossbores in register with one another. Annular couplers 39 seen best in FIG. 4, have their opposite axial ends received in counterbores 40 to which the crossbores open. O-rings 41 encircling the end portions of the couplers establish leakproof seals between the crossbores of each pair of adjacent valve bodies.
The bores 42 of the couplers provide uninterrupted communication between the crossbores, so that they can be said to cooperate in the provision of an outlet manifold or header 43 common to all the control valve devices.
The supply line 16 is coupled to the header at the right hand end of the bank of valves by any suitable connecting means 44. The counterbore in the other end of the header is closed by a removable plug 45, held in place by the adjacent end wall 46 of the holding bracket 36 or in any other suitable way.
From the description thus far, it will be seen that the kegs 11, 12 and 13 are connected in parallel with the beer supply line 16, so that it is possible for beer from any one of the kegs to enter the inlet 33 of its associated control valve device and flow down through the chamber 26 therein to the outlet manifold 43 defined by the crossbores 35 in the valve bodies and the connecting couplers 39.
Such flow through any one of the valve devices, however. can only take place at times when the faucet 17 is opened, and a hollow float member 47 in the valve chamber 26 is in what can be termed a neutral or floating position, between upper and lower limits of mo'Jon within said chamber. Preferably the float member has ears 47' projecting from its sides to engage the side wall of the valve chamber and keep the float member centered therein.
The upper and lower limits of float motion are defined by the top and bottom annular valve seats, 48 and 49, respectively, in each chamber 26, through which beer entering the chamber must flow to reach its outlet 34. An O-ring 50 encircling the upper portion of the float 47 is engageable with the upper seat 48 to close off communication between the inlet and outlet of its chamber. In like manner, a similar O-ring 51 encircling the lower portion of the float is engageable with the bottom seat 49 to disrupt communication between the inlet and outlet of the chamber.
It will be noted that the valve seat 48 is defined by an upwardly convergent conical wall surface in the upper portion of the chamber 26; and that the lower valve seat 49 is similarly defined by a downwardly convergent substantially conical wall surface in the bottom portion of the chamber.
At the time the beer dispensing system of this invention is initially placed in use, beer under pressure in the kegs will not flow through the chamber 26 of any of the control valve devices to the beer supply line 16 for the reason that keg pressure at the inlets of the control valve devices will hold the float valves 47 thereof downwardly in their outlet closing positions.
For this reason, at least one of the control valve devices must be provided with a plunger mechanism 53 by which the float therein can be manually lifted off of its lower seat 49. This plunger mechanism comprises a plunger 54 which extends through a downwardly opening hole 56 in the bottom of the valve body, coaxial with but smaller in diameter than the outlet port 34. The outer end of the plunger is fixed to the end wall of a cup shaped cap 56 having its side wall telescopingly engaged over the side wall of a smaller cup 57 whose end wall is in engagement with the underside of the valve body and has a central aperture therein to receive the plunger. A spring 58 encircling the outer end portion of the plunger is confined between the end walls of the two cups 56 and 57 to thereby yieldingly urge the plunger downwardly to an inoperative position defined by the engagement of a collar 59 on its inner end with the shoulder formed by the function between the outlet port 34 and the smaller diameter hole through which the plunger passes.
A reduced upper end portion 60 on the plunger projects into the outlet port 34 toward the underside of the float member 47, but terminates a slight distance short of it when the float is in its downward limit of motion engaging seat 49.
It will thus be seen that upward manual actuation of the cap 56 will engage the upper end portion 60 of the plunger with the float member and lift it off of its seat 49. When this is done, beer from the inlet 33 in that valve device whose float has been thus lifted will flow into the chamber 26 thereof and beneath the float member to the crossbore 35 thereunder, and hence to the outlet manifold 43. The plunger mechanism 53 can then be released, for the pressures in the upper and lower (inlet and outlet) portions of all the valve chambers 26 will at that time be equalized to allow the float valves to assume floating positions intermediate their upper and lower limits. This is to say that the buoyancy of the float valve in each control valve device will then hold it in its neutral position.
All three kegs are thus simultaneously in parallel with the outlet manifold 43 and beer supply line 16. For well known reasons, however, beer will first flow from and empty the keg 13 which is closest to the faucet. The keg 12 next in line will be the second to empty, and the keg 11 will be the last.
It is one of the features of the dispensing system of this invention that the float valve in each of the control valve devices will remain in its neutral position as long as beer fills, or is at a high level in its chamber 26.
As soon as keg l3 empties, for example, the duct l4 connected therewith will fill with a non-liquid gas and foam emulsion, and the liquid level in the chamber 26 of its associated control valve device will descend. When it reaches a low level designated L in FIG. 3, its float valve will engage the lower seat 49 and close off the chamber from the outlet manifold and supply line 16. It is important to observe that this will occur before all of the liquid beer has left the chamber 26.
This seated condition of the float valve can be observed, for example, by having at least the lower section 39 of each valve body made of clear plastic material, and by applying a suitable coloring (red or orange) to the float member 47 therein. Merely by way of example, the hollow float member has been shown as having a cylindrical wall also of clear plastic, with an orange strip 61 of paper or the like confined in its lower interior portion to be readily visible therethrough.
When any float is in its lowermost position, its colored portion can be seen through a suitable cut-out forming a window 62 in the front wall of the holding bracket 36 in which the valve devices are mounted.
As soon as the keg 13 is emptied, therefore, the float in its associated control valve will close off the outlet of the chamber therein. as shown in FIGS. 3. This prevents gas in the keg from entering the supply line 16 and creating the foamy condition in the beer in said line that heretofore rendered the beer unusable. Beer from the second keg 12 will automatically then be dispensed as required, without loss or deterioration of the beer in the supply line 16.
Though not essential at this time, the tapping unit can then be removed from the keg l3 and installed in a fresh keg of beer.
During the time the empty keg 13 remains connected by its duct 14 with the chamber of its associated control valve, gas pressure from the manifold will act upon the float valve 47 in said chamber to firmly hold it in its outlet closing position against the equal pressure of beer in the crossbore 35 beneath the float valve. This is possible because the area at the top of the float valve exposed to gas pressure is substantially greater than the area at the underside of the float valve exposed to pressure of beer in the outlet manifold.
At the time the tapping unit is to be removed from the empty keg 13, the valve V in the gas line leading to that keg is first closed. As a result, the upper chamber portion of the associated control valve device will then no longer be communicated with the source of gas under pressure. Consequently, the float valve will be immediately driven upwardly to its inlet closing position in response too the pressure of beer in the manifold 43. The upwardly seated float valve will then prevent beer under pressure in the manifold from reaching the inlet 33 of the control valve device associated with the empty keg 13.
Upon replacement of the empty keg 13 with a fresh one, there will be a small amount of foam in the short duct 14 connecting it with the inlet of its control valve device. According to this invention, such foam present in the duct 14 after the new keg has been installed can be quickly eliminated by depression of a second plunger mechanism 65 on the associated control valve device, there being one required on the top of each. The plunger mechanism 65 is generally like the mechanism 53 described earlier, except that depression of its plunger 66 disengages a valve member 67 from a seat against which it is spring urged, to thereby establish communication between the upper or inlet portion of chamber 26 and a vent port 68. The inner end 69 of the plunger is reduced in diameter, and long enough that when depressed, it will force the float valve off of its upper seat 48 for a purpose to be later discussed.
The plunger mechanism 65 need only be held depressed for a second or two, which is ordinarily long enough to enable pressurized liquid from the new keg to expel the foam from its short duct 14 and from the upper portion of its valve chamber. As seen best in FIG. 1, the vent ports 68 can, if desired, be connected with a common waste line 70.
It is believed to be obvious from the description thus far, that neither keg 12 nor 13, when emptied, need be at once replaced with a fresh keg. The contents of the third one ll of the three parallel connected kegs will. of course, be available for dispensing from the faucet when the kegs l2 and 13 become empty.
The valve devices described are constructed in a way that facilitates cleansing thereof and of the ducts 14 and 16 connecting therewith. For such cleansing, the kegs are disconnected from the system, either by detachment of the outer components of their tapping units 15 or by detachment of the ducts 14 from said outer tapping components.
To clean the manifold and supply line 16, the plug 45 at the dead end of the manifold can be replaced by an adapter to enable cleansing liquid under pressure to be directed into the manifold. When the faucet is then opened, cleansing liquid will flow through the manifold and the duct 16, and discharge from the faucet.
If the faucet is then closed, depression of each of the plunger mechanisms 65 in turn, will cause cleansing liquid in the manifold to flow up through the associated valve chamber 26 for discharge of part of the liquid through the vent port 68 and drain line 70, and the remainder of the liquid through the associated duct 14, providing the latter is disconnected from its keg. This, of course, will enable the chambers 26, the drain line 70, and the ducts 14 to be cleaned.
Such cleansing of the mechanism and ducts can also be accomplished with the manifold plug 45 in place, by introducing the cleansing liquid into the system through the faucet l7. If the outer tapping components or coupler" are of the type disclosed in the Taubenheim US. Pat. No. 3,596,810 issued Aug. 3, 197 l they as well as the ducts l4 connecting therewith can be cleansed in the manner described providing the check valves in the couplers are held open to allow cleansing fluid to discharge past them.
lnasmuch as thorough cleaning of the interior of each control valve device will entail passage of cleansing liquid through its chamber for a more or less extended period of time, the plunger mechanisms 65 are preferably provided with latch mechanisms, generally designated 75, to enable them to be releasably held in depressed condition.
Each such latch mechanism 75 has been shown as comprising a screw 76 threaded downwardly into the top of the valve body alongside the cap 77 of the plunger mechanism. An upwardly facing ledge 78 on the cap 77 is engageable under the head 79 on the screw to hold the plunger mechanism in its depressed condition.
The head 79 of the screw is normally received in a depression 80 in the side of the cap, which depression constitutes a localized interruption in the ledge 78. For this reason, the cap must be turned slightly after it has been fully depressed, to bring an uninterrupted portion of its ledge under the screw head. To release the plunger mechanism from the latch, it is only necessary to turn the cap 77 to the position at which its depression 80 registers with the head 79 of the screw. The spring acting upon the plunger mechanism will then return it to its outward position at which it closes off the chamber 26 from the vent port 68.
In cases where the components of two or more complete systems such as illustrated in FIG. 3 require cleaning, their valve devices and outlet manifolds can be cleansed simultaneouly by connecting the latter either in series or in parallel with the source of cleaning liquid under pressure.
It should here be emphasized that because the beer kegs are connected in parallel with the beer supply line 16 and with the gas pressure source, the dispensing system of this invention can comprise more than the three kegs shown in the drawings by way of example, as long as each keg has its own control valve device 25.
Moreover, the system of this invention is ideally suited for dispensing beer from single keg installations. This follows from the fact that the float valve in the control valve device for the single keg will descend to its downwardly seated position as soon as the level of beer in its chamber 26 drops to the level where it will no longer float the valve. As mentioned earlier, this must occur before all of the beer has left the chamber, to prevent the beer in the supply line from becoming foamy and unusable, as it does in conventional dispensing systems, with attendant loss of profit, at the time the keg connected therewith becomes empty.
The modified embodiments seen in FIGS. and 6 also provide for dispensing of liquids under pressure. such as beer, in accordance with the method of this invention. Briefly stated, this method is characterized by flowing beer (or other liquid under pressure) downwardly through a chamber to a faucet connected beer supply line, and interrupting communication between the inlet and outlet of the chamber at such times as the liquid therein falls to a predetermined low level.
In FIG. 5, a control valve device 90 which'will perform this important step of the method in a single barrel installation, is characterized by a normally closed electromagnetic valve 91 in the outlet 92 from its chamber 93. The chamber has an inlet port 94 in an upper portion thereof, to enable downward flow of beer therethrough, providing the electromagnetic valve 91 is open.
The solenoid 95 of the valve 91 is energizable from a current source 96 whenever a pair of electrodes 97, 98 is electrically bridged by beer in the chamber 93. These electrodes are located opposite one another, about one-half way between the inlet 93 and outlet 92. When bridged in this manner, an energizing circuit is completed for the solenoid 95 to effect opening of valve 91. This enables beer to flow through a supply line connected with the outlet 92, to a faucet for dispensing as desired.
The valve 91 will remain open as long as the chamber is filled with beer. When the beer barrel empties, the level of beer in the chamber 93 will fall until the electrodes 97, 98 are no longer electrically bridged thereby. When that occurs, the energizing circuit for the solenoid 95 is broken, and the valve'9l returns to its normally closed position while there is still a small amount of beer in the chamber. This is an important feature of the invention, as it prevents foam formation in the supply line leading to the faucet from the outlet 92 of the control valve device, and thus assures against loss of the beer therein.
A plunger mechanism is also mounted on the top of the valve body, to provide for venting the upper portion of the chamber 93 for the reasons discussed hereinbefore.
It will be seen therefore, that the valve device is like those previously described in that its outlet is controlled by valve means at the dictate of detector means (electrodes) under the control of the liquid level in the chamber 93. The float in the first described embodiment of the invention similarly constitutes detector means having the same purpose.
The control valve device 190 of FIG. 6 also features an electromagnetic valve 100 to control flow of beer through the outlet 101 of the chamber 102 in the interior of the device. Again in this case, a beer inlet port 103 opens to the top of the chamber to enable beer to flow downwardly therethrough for discharge through its outlet 101 providing the electromagnetic valve 100 is open.
The valve 100 is of the normally open type, and it is adapted to close upon establishment of an energizing circuit for its solenoid 104. The solenoid is in an energizing circuit controlled by a reed switch 106, which extends coaxially down into the chamber 102 from its top. The contacts of the reed switch are normally open, and are closed by the field of a permanent magnet 107 here shown as mounted in the bottom portion of a float 108 which encircles the envelope of the reed switch.
Beer in the chamber 102 normally raises the float 108 to a level such as shown, at which its magnet has no influence upon the contacts of the reed switch. The switch thus remains open as long as beer in the chamber is at a level well above the outlet 10].
The level of beer in the chamber will descend, as the beer keg connected therewith becomes empty. At that time, the float 108 will likewise descend, until its magnet 107 comes opposite the contact ends of the arms in the reed switch. When that occurs, the switch closes to energize the solenoid 104 and effect closure of the valve 100. Such closure of the valve 100 will again occur before the level of beer in the chamber 102 drops far enough to cause foaming of the beer in the outlet l] and the supply line connecting the same with a faucet.
Here again, the magnetically controlled reed switch constitutes detector means on the order of the float type of level detector in the first described embodiment of the invention; and a plunger mechanism 65' is also provided to effect venting of the space in the upper portion of the chamber 102, whenever necessary.
From the foregoing description. together with the accompanying drawings. it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention provides a vastly improved dispensing system for beer and other liquids under pressure.
The invention is defined by the following claims:
1. A control instrumentality to govern communication of a dispensing device with a container holding liquid under pressure, characterized by:
A. means defining a chamber through which liquid from the container must flow to reach a dispensing device, said chamber having inlet and outlet means in upstream and downstream portions thereof, respectively, to provide for such flow;
B. first valve means adjacent to the chamber outlet means to govern flow of liquid out of the chamber;
C. means to govern actuation of said valve means between open and closed positions, comprising detector means sensitive to the presence and amount of liquid in the chamber for effecting opening of said valve means in consequence ofliquid in the chamber above a predetermined level. and to effect closure of said valve means in consequence of decrease in the amount of liquid in the chamber to a lower level that leaves it only partially filled with liquid;
D. second valve means to control communication between the chamber and the inlet means;
E. and means to effect closure of said second valve means in consequence of drop in pressure at the inlet means to a valve below that prevailing at the outlet means.
2. The control instrumentality of claim 1, further characterized by:
A. said inlet and outlet means comprising opposing valve seats in top and bottom portions. respectively. of the chamber;
B. said detector means comprising a float member in said chamber;
C. and said first and second valve means comprising valve members carried by the float member, at top and bottom portions thereof, for cooperation with said valve seats.
3. The control instrumentality of claim 2, further characterized by:
A. said chamber having walls defining a valve body;
B. and means on the body by which said float member can be manually lifted to effect opening of the outlet means.
4. The control instrumentality of claim 2, further characterized by manually operable means for venting the upper portion of the chamber.
5. A control instrumentality to govern communication ofa dispensing device with a plurality of containers holding liquid under pressure, characterized by:
A. means defining a plurality of chambers. one for each container. through which liquid from its container must flow to reach a dispensing device, each chamber having inlet and outlet ports in upstream and downstream portions thereof, respectively, to provide for such flow;
B. means providing a common header connecting said outlet ports, through; which liquid can flow to a dispensing device;
C. first valve means adjacent to the outlet port of each chamber, between said chamber and the header;
D. means to govern actuation of said first valve means between open and closed positions, comprising detector means sensitive to the presence and amount of liquid in the chamber, for effecting opening of said first valve means in consequence of filling of the chamber with liquid, and to effect closure of said first valve means in consequence of a predetermined decrease in the amount of liquid in said chamber;
E. and second valve means for each chamber, adjacent to its inlet port, to effect closure thereof in consequence of drop in pressure at said inlet port to a value below that prevailing in the header.
6. The control instrumentality of claim 5, further characterized by:
A. said inlet and outlet ports of each chamber comprising opposed upper and lower valve seats, respectively;
B. said detector means comprising a float member in each chamber;
C. and said first and second valve means comprising valve members carried by each float member. at top and bottom portions thereof. for cooperation with the valve seats.
7. The control instrumentality of claim 6. further characterized by:
A. manually operable means for effecting venting of the upper portions of each of each chambers;
B. and manually operable means for lifting the float member in one of said chambers from a position. closing its outlet port to a position at which its outlet port is open.
8. In combination with the control instrumentality of claim 1:
A. said container comprising a beer keg under carbon dioxide gas pressure;
B. a first duct connecting the outlet of said keg with the inlet means of said chamber;
C. a faucet from which beer can be dispensed;
D. a second duct connecting the faucet with the outlet means of the chamber;
E. and said first valve means, when closed, serving to prevent gas from entering said second duct.
9. In combination with the control instrumentality of claim 5:
A. a plurality of beer containers under carbon dioxide gas pressure;
B. a faucet common to said containers, from which beer therein can be dispensed;
C. a plurality of supply ducts, one for each container to connect the outlet thereof with the inlet port of its associated chamber;
D. a supply line connecting said header with the faucet;
E. and said second valve means of one of said chambers being actuatable to its inlet closing position under the influence of fluid pressure in the header at times when the container associated with said one chamber is being replaced by a full container.
10. The combination of claim 9, further characterized by means providing a signal to indicate when said outlet ports are closed by said first valve means.
11. The combinations of claim 10, further characterized by:
A. said first valve means for each chamber being located therein and having indicia thereon;
B. and each chamber having a transparent wall portion located to enable the indicia on said first valve means therein to be viewed when the latter is in its closed position.
12. A control instrumentality to govern communication ofa dispensing device with a container holding liquid under pressure, characterized by:
A. a body having a chamber with an inlet for connection with a container of liquid under pressure, and an outlet for connection with a dispensing device;
B. valve means adjacent to the outlet of said chamber for governing flow of liquid through the outlet;
C. means governing opening and closing of said valve means. comprising detector means influenced by the presence and the amount of liquid in the chamher, and adapted to effect opening of said valve means in consequence of liquid filling the chamber to a high level and to effect closure of the valve means in consequence of decrease in the volume of liquid in the chamber by an amount which leaves it only partially filled with liquid at a lower level;
D. and manually operable means for effecting venting of the chamber at a location adjacent to its inlet.
13. The control instrumentality of claim 12, further characterized by:
A. said valve means comprising an electromagnetic valve which is closed except upon completion of an energizing circuit therefore;
B. and said detector means comprising a pair of electrodes which project into said chamber to provide for the establishment of an energizing circuit for said electromagnetic valve when liquid in the chamber completes an electrically conductive path between the electrodes.
14. The control instrumentality of claim 12, further characterized by:
A. said valve means comprising an electromagnetic valve which is open except upon completion of an energizing circuit therefor;
B. and said detector means comprising a reed switch instrumentality having its contact end in said chamber, a float in the chamber. and a permanent magnet carried by said float to effect closure of the reed switch and establishment of an energizing circuit for the electromagnetic valve upon descent of the float to a predetermined low level in the chamber.
15. The control instrumentality of claim 12, further characterized by:
A. said valve means comprising an electromagnetic valve;
B. and an energizing circuit for said electromagnetic valve, controlled by said detector means.
16. The combination with a container of pressurized liquid, a faucet, and duct means communicating the faucet with the container, of control instrumentalities operable to interrupt communication of said container with the faucet when the volume of liquid in the container is reduced to a predetermined minimum, said control instrumentalities comprising:
A. a valve body having a chamber forming a part of said duct means, and having inlet and outlet means opening to the chamber and respectively communicating with said container and with the dispensing means;
B. a valve seat in the chamber, between said inlet and outlet means;
C. valve means movable to and from engagement with said valve seat to thereby close off communication between the container and the dispensing means; 7
D. the chamber being filled with liquid when that length of the duct means connecting the chamber with the container is filled, and the volume of liquid in the chamber diminishing when said length of the duct means is no longer filled with liquid;
E. means responsive to a predetermined decrease in the volume of liquid in said chamber to effect seating of said valve means;
F. and means on the body providing for manually disengaging said valve means from its seat.
17. The combination of claim 16, further characterized by:
A. other valve means in the chamber movable toward and from a position closing the inlet means thereof;
B. said other valve means being pressure responsive and being actuatable to closed position whenever pressure at the inlet means drops to a value below the pressure at the outlet means.
18. In combination with a container of liquid under pressure and dispensing means for said liquid including duct means connectng the same with the container:
A. means providing a chamber which is connected in said duct means to form a part thereof;
B. valve means in said duct means adjacent to the downstream-side of said chamber, movable to and from a position closing said duct means;
C. means governing opening and closing motion of said valve means, comprising detector means located in said chamber to be influenced by the amount of liquid therein, and adapted to effect opening of said valve means in consequence of liquid filling said chamber and to effect closure of said valve means in consequence of a predetermined decrease in he amount of liquid in said chamber;
D. and manually operable means for effecting venting of the upstream side of said chamber.
19. A method of controlling communication ofa plurality of containers holding liquid under pressure with a common header from which the liquid can be dispensed, which method is characterized by:
A. for each container, providing a chamber which has an inlet port in an upper portion thereof, an outlet port in a lower portion thereof, a buoyant valve device to close the outlet port when the liquid level in the chamber drops to a predetermined low, and to close the inlet port whenever outlet port pressure exceeds inlet port pressure;
B. ducting the inlet port of each chamber with the outlet of its container whereby liquid therefrom will be able to flow to the outlet port of its chamber as long as equal liquid pressures prevail at the inlet and outlet ports thereof;
C. and communicating the chamber outlet ports with the header, and with one another, whereby pressurized liquid in the leader will be capable of holding the valve device in one of said chambers in an inlet closing position at times when its associated container is being replaced by a full container and pressure is relieved at the inlet port of said one chamber.
20. A method of dispensing liquid through a common dispensing means from a plurality of pressurized containers for said liquid, which method comprises:
A. for each container. providing a control valve having a hollow body. an inlet port; an outlet port, and a movable valve member engageable with a seat to close off communication between the said ports;
B. ducting each container with the inlet port of its respective control valve so that the interior thereof is full of liquid as long as the ducting for said container is filled with liquid;
C. commonly connecting the outlet ports of said control valves with a supply line that leads to the dispensing means, so that as long as the movable valve member of one of said control valves is off its seat, pressurized liquid is available at the dispensing means;
D. and in response to reduction in the volume of liquid in the interior of each control valve, effecting seating of its respective valve member, so that with the emptying of the last to empty container, the dispensing means is no longer communicated with any of the containers but the supply line leading from the control valves to the dispensing means remains filled with liquid.
21. A method of controlling communication of a plurality of containers holding liquid under pressure with a supply line from which the liquid can be dispensed, which method is characterized by:
A. constraining liquid from each container to flow through a separate chamber having its outlet connected with the supply line;
B. closing the outlet of each chamber at times when the level of liquid therein reaches a predetermined low level above the chamber outlet;
C. and closing the inlet of any one chamber at times when pressure at said inlet falls to a value below the pressure of liquid at the outlet of any other chamber.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Chemo Infusion and Chemoembolization of Liver Center - Ankeny, IA
Ankeny Oncologist Doctors for Chemo Infusion and Chemoembolization of Liver
Type of Physician: Oncologist
What is a Oncologist?
A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine; the oncologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all types of cancer and other benign and malignant tumors. These subspecialists decide on and administer chemotherapy as well as consult with surgeons and radiotherapists on other treatment for cancer.
Specialty: Oncology (Medical)
Common Name: Cancer Doctor
Oncologist Doctors in Ankeny *
Mercy Surgical Affiliates
Iowa Clinic Surgery
Ankeny, Iowa
Arterial Chemotherapy Infusion & Chemoembolization of Liver
Why is the chemotherapy injected into the hepatic artery?
The normal liver gets its blood supply from two sources: the portal vein (about 70%) and the hepatic artery (30%). Primary liver cancer, also known as hepatoma or hepatocellular c...
Read the Arterial Chemotherapy Infusion & Chemoembolization of Liver article »
Other Related Chemo Infusion and Chemoembolization of Liver Articles
Emergency Contact for Ankeny
Nearby Ankeny Hospitals *
VA Central Iowa Medical Center
Broadlawns Medical Center
Iowa Lutheran Hospital
Mercy Medical Center Des Moines
Mercy Franklin Center
Blank Children's Hospital
Iowa Methodist Medical Center
Mercy Medical Center West Lakes
Methodist West Hospital
Woodward Resource Center
Story County Medical Center
Mary Greeley Medical Center
Dallas County Hospital
Boone County Hospital
Skiff Medical Center
*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


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Franklin New England Patriots Kids' Deluxe Uniform Set
$39.97 $49.99*
Save $10.02 (20%)
Product Information:
Give your youngster a taste of the NFL with the Franklin® Medium Deluxe Uniform Set. This set has everything your aspiring pro needs. The 100% polyester mesh jersey comes with integrated, removable shoulder pads, while the double-knit polyester pants feature a comfortable elastic waistband and cuffs. The team helmet and chin strap complete the ensemble. Use the iron-on number kit to personalize the uniform.
WARNING: Helmet must not be used as protective equipment in baseball or any other contact sport.
- Franklin® New England Patriots football uniform set
- 100% polyester mesh team jersey with integrated, removable shoulder pads
- 100% polyester double-knit team pants with elastic waistband and cuffs
- Iron-on number kit
- Ages 7-9
- Franklin
WARNING: Helmet must not be used as protective equipment in baseball or any other contact sport.
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 17298696
Customer Reviews:
Rated 4 out of 5�by 1 reviewer.
Rated 4 out of 5�by NFLfan Your child will look like he/she walked out of an NFL locker room! Our friends just had their first child, a son. Dad is a former college football player who is a big fan of the NE Patriots. He was amazed at the realism of the helmet. Mom liked the way you could customize the jersey with your favorite number. April 8, 2014
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Cheap SGS to Oakland flights
Popular Flights from Bongao, Philippines
Top Bongao Flights to US Destinations
Top Bongao International Destinations
Popular Flights from Oakland, California
Top Oakland Flights to US Destinations
Top Oakland International Destinations
SGS to OAK Route Map
Bongao to Oakland Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from Tawi Tawi to Oakland Intl..
7,493.01 miles
OAK - Oakland Intl. Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Oakland (OAK) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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Soft-bodied robot leaps 30 times its height
Harvard's soft-bodied robot jumps up to 30 times its own height using internal gas explosions
Harvard soft-bodied robot creeps under a glass obstacle using legs actuated by compressed air
Harvard soft-bodied robotic gripper grabs and lifts an egg using compressed air
Article Summary
Most robots are built out of rigid materials, but a DARPA initiative to build soft-bodied robots that can squeeze into hard-to-reach places has led to the development of new types of the mechanical marvels. Harvard's Whitesides Research Group is working on a soft-bodied solution and has produced a squishy three-legged bot that can jump 30 times its height using the power of internal explosions.
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Book your room at Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites East Lansing
Two queen beds non smokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
One king bed leisure non smokingMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
2 Queen Beds Suite NonSmokingMax Occupancy: 6 guests (up to 5 children)
One king bed suite non smokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Hotel in East Lansing with free breakfast and indoor pool
Located in the heart of East Lansing, this hotel is 3.1 mi (5 km) from Turner-Dodge House and Heritage Center and within 6 mi (10 km) of Michigan State University and Spartan Stadium. Michigan State Capitol and Impression 5 Science Center are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Hotel Features
Along with an indoor pool, this smoke-free hotel has a fitness center and a 24-hour business center. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, a meeting room, laundry facilities, and free breakfast are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 77 rooms offer free WiFi and free wired Internet, plus coffee makers and cable TV. Other amenities available to guests include free newspapers, free local calls, and hair dryers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites East Lansing features an indoor pool and a fitness center. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This hotel offers access to a 24-hour business center and a meeting room. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Event facilities measure 300 square feet (27 square meters). Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites East Lansing is a smoke-free property.
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- 24-hour business center
- Conference space size (feet) - 300
- Conference space size (meters) - 27
- One meeting room
- Total number of rooms - 77
- Number of floors - 3
- Free self parking
- Free breakfast
- Fitness facilities
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Smoke-free property
- Indoor pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Indoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator (on request)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- Air conditioning
- Free newspaper
- Free local calls
- Coffee/tea maker
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary buffet breakfast.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an indoor pool and a fitness center.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Refrigerator fee: USD 10 per night
- Crib (infant bed) fee: USD 10 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 10 per night
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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Pronunciation: Bruce McCandless
Added on: 2011-02-07 Listened: 239 timesin: astronaut
Pronunciation in English [en]
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OXFORD, Ohio - Prior to a quick Thanksgiving break, the Miami University women's basketball team returns home to take on Duquesne on Tuesday at Millett Hall. Game time is scheduled for 7 p.m. Tim Bray has the call and it can be heard live on WMOH, as well as seen on Miami All-Access for those who have a subscription.
DOLLAR DAYS: The RedHawks are excited to announce the return of its Dollar Days promotion for Tuesday's game. Admission is only $1 for all fans at Dollar Days games. Miami also partners with University Concessions to provide select concession items for only $2 apiece. The other Dollar Days games will be on Wednesday, Jan. 15 vs. Akron, Saturday, Jan. 18 vs. Northern Illinois and Thursday, Feb. 6 vs. Toledo.
A TALE OF TWO HALVES: Miami nearly made a comeback from a 23-point deficit in its last game against UIC on Saturday, closing to within five with a minute to go. While the comeback began late in the first half, the statistics are very telling in showing that the 'Hawks made some strong halftime adjustments. After allowing the Flames to shoot 8-for-13 from behind the arc in the first half, UIC was only 1-for-5 in the second period. Miami was much more efficient with its shot selection, finishing the second half 14-for-32 (43.8 percent), after shooting 10-for-29 (34.5 percent) in the first half. Finally, the RedHawks took better care of the boards, outrebounding the Flames, 23-18, in the second half after getting outrebounded, 18-12, during the first period.
ABOUT DUQUESNE: Duquesne is 4-2 on the season. The Dukes have won two games in a row, including an impressive 83-35 victory at Morehead State on Sunday. They have a pair of wins against Mid-American Conference schools already this season, having defeated Kent State, 94-63, on Nov. 14 and Buffalo, 78-55, on Nov. 20. Duquesne is led by senior guard Raegan Moore. She is averaging 20.2 points per game this season. Another key player is senior forward Wumi Agunbiade. She is averaging 10.8 points and a team-leading 6.5 rebounds per game.
SERIES AGAINST THE DUKES: Duquesne holds a 2-1 lead in the all-time series with Miami, with all three meetings coming in the last three seasons. The RedHawks earned their first victory in the series last season with a 54-49 win in Pittsburgh on Jan. 5. Kelsey Simon scored a career-high 16 points for Miami, while Kirsten Olowinski and Courtney Osborn each recorded double-doubles. The RedHawks held the high-scoring Dukes to only 32.4 percent shooting in that contest.
MIAMI VS. ATLANTIC 10: Having realigned significantly over the past 10 years, the Atlantic-10 conference consists of 13 schools mostly on the eastern side of the United States, including local rival Dayton. Miami is 24-26 against A-10 schools. In addition to their 1-2 record against Duquesne, the RedHawks are 13-16 vs. Dayton, 2-0 vs. George Mason, 1-2 against La Salle, 1-0 versus Rhode Island, 0-1 against St. Bonaventure, 3-1 versus Saint Louis, 0-1 vs. Richmond and 1-2 vs. Temple. Miami has never faced Fordham, George Washington, Saint Joseph's or VCU.
UP NEXT FOR THE REDHAWKS: Miami continues its homestand on Sunday when it welcomes Florida State to Millett Hall for a 2 p.m. contest. Tim Bray has the call, and it can be heard live on WMOH and seen live on Miami All-Access for those who have a subscription.


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Career Field - Arts & Entertainment
Career Information & Resources
Internship Listing Sites
Job Listing Sites
Career Information & Resources
Occupational Outlook Handbook - Information about career, salary, training and employment projections for many different career fields, including arts and entertainment.
California Occupational Guides - Includes job descriptions, outlooks and wages, education, training, and related occupations.
Vault Guides - Insider's information about careers in this area. Features include "Day in the Life" career profiles, employee reviews of careers and companies, and detailed information about key employers in the field. Available through Callisto.
Career Center Collection - Career guides, directories, and other publications related to these career fields. Available in the Career Center.
Arts Administration / Education / Therapy
Art Instructor - Provides information about work, skills and educational requirements from SchoolsInTheUSA.com.
Arts Administrators - General information from collegeboard.org.
What is Art Therapy? - General information and an overview of the field.
CareerPage/All About Broadcasting - From the National Alliance of State Broadcasters Associations. Provides information about types of jobs in broadcasting as well as job listings.
SoYouWanna Get a Job in TV News? - Get the scoop on internships and how to land a job in TV news whether its in front of the camera or behind.
Writers Store - Article on breaking into television writing.
About.com - Offers links to descriptions of jobs in the fashion industry and related articles.
Buyer - Read a Princeton Review Career Profile.
Fashion-Schools.org - Has information on careers, salaries and schools.
Fine Arts / Visual Arts / Graphic Design
American Institute of Graphic Designers (AIGA) Survey of Design Salaries - Comprehensive annual survey of compensation data for the communication design profession in the U.S.
Illustrators - Provides information on work, skills and educational requirements from SchoolsInTheUSA.com.
Princeton Review - Read about a Day in the Life of an Art Dealer , Graphic Designer, or Digital Artist, as well as past and future trends, paying your dues, and quality of life for these professions.
California Arts Council - State agency geared towards the development and support of arts in California. Offers grants and fellowships to individual artists, news, a calendar of events, links to California arts agencies and other organizations for the arts.
American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works - Provides information on careers and academic training in the field of conservation.
Art Libraries Society of North America - Presents information on events, resources, and jobs relating to arts information careers.
"So You Want to Be an Archivist: An Overview of the Archives Profession" - Developed by the Society of American Archivists.
Working at the Smithsonian - Information from The Smithsonian Institution about a variety of museum careers.
Careers in Music from Berklee College of Music - Provides descriptions of hundreds of jobs in the music industry.
McCoy's Guide to Theatre and Performance Studies - Offers useful tools, information, and resource lists on topics such as acting, stagecraft and technical theatre, arts management, and more. The guide also presents good tips on research materials and ways of connecting to other theatre enthusiasts through a select list of listservs and newsgroups.
Performing Arts Administrator - Read a Princeton Review career profile.
Student & Professional Organizations
Participating in these groups can be a valuable avenue for learning about an occupation or field. They are an excellent resource for networking, and their websites often have information about careers.
Cal Student Organizations
Student organizations related to this field include:
Other Student Organizations - List of UC Berkeley student organizations registered with Campus Life and Leadership.
Professional Organizations
A few of the major professional organizations include:
Arts Administration / Education / Therapy
Broadcasting / Film / Video
Fashion / Textile Art
Fine Arts / Visual Arts / Graphic Design
Museums / Libraries
Performing Arts / Music
To find other professional associations, go to:
Internship Listing Sites
Internship Listing Sites - Websites, programs, and other resources for internships in this career area. For listings specifically for Cal students, visit Callisto - the official Career Center job and internship listing site.
Job Listing Sites
Job Listing Sites - Websites specializing in job listings for this particular career field. For listings specifically for Cal students, visit Callisto - the official Career Center job and internship listing site.
This page contains links to websites not under the control of the University or the Career Center and we are not responsible for their contents. We'd like to hear your comments about these sites; feel free to contact us.
On the recommendation of our counseling staff, the Career Center lists job and career information sites that generally meet the following criteria: are of interest to Cal students, easily navigated, require no fee or registration prior to viewing, and (for job sites) list a significant number of entry-level positions in California. New sites may be submitted for consideration and are typically reviewed on an annual basis. Please indicate the page on our site where you think your link would be appropriate.


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The biography of Hesiod. This page has biographical information on Hesiod, one of the best poets of all time. This PoetrySoup page also provides access to the poet's poems, best poetry, quotes, and video biographies...if available.
Hesiod (/ ' h i s i d / or / ' h s i d / ; Greek : sd, IPA / s i o ð o s / Esíodos ) was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. His is the first European poetry in which the poet regards himself as a topic, an individual with a distinctive role to play. Ancient authors credited him and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought (he is sometimes identified as the first economist ), archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time -keeping.
Sorry, no poems have been posted.
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