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Fabulous Adventures In Coding
Eric Lippert is a principal developer on the C# compiler team. Learn more about Eric.
(This is part two of a two-part series on the loop-variable-closure problem. Part one is here.)
UPDATE: We are taking the breaking change. In C# 5, the loop variable of a foreach will be logically inside the loop, and therefore closures will close over a fresh copy of the variable each time. The "for" loop will not be changed. We return you now to our original article.
Thanks to everyone who left thoughtful and insightful comments on last week's post.
More countries really ought to implement Instant Runoff Voting; it would certainly appeal to the geek crowd. Many people left complex opinions of the form "I'd prefer to make the change, but if you can't do that then make it a warning". Or "don't make the change, do make it a warning", and so on. But what I can deduce from reading the comments is that there is a general lack of consensus on what the right thing to do here is. In fact, I just did a quick tally:
Commenters who expressed support for a warning: 26Commenters who expressed the sentiment "it's better to not make the change": 24Commenters who expressed the sentiment "it's better to make the change": 25
Wow. I guess we'll flip a coin. :-) (*)
Four people suggested to actually make it an error to do this. That's a pretty big breaking change, particularly since we would be breaking not just "already broken" code, but plenty of code that works perfectly well today -- see below. That's not likely to happen.
People also left a number of interesting suggestions. I thought I'd discuss some of those a little bit.
First off, I want to emphasize that what we're attempting to address here is the problem that the language encourages people to write code that has different semantics than they think it has. The problem is NOT that the language has no way to express the desired semantics; clearly it does. Just introduce a new variable explicitly into the loop.
A number of suggestions were for ways that the language could more elegantly express that notion. Some of the suggestions:
foreach(var x in c) inner foreachnew(var x in c)foreach(new var x in c)foreach(var x from c) foreach(var x inside c)
Though we could do any of those, none of them by themselves solve the problem at hand. Today, you have to know to use a particular pattern with foreach to get the semantics you want: declare a variable inside the loop. With one of these changes, you still have to know to use a particular keyword to get the semantics you want, and it is still easy to accidentally do the wrong thing.
Furthermore, a change so small and so targetted at such a narrow scenario probably does not provide enough benefit to justify the large cost of creating a new syntax, particularly one which is still easily confused with an existing syntax.
C++ luminary Herb Sutter happened to be in town and was kind enough to stop by my office to describe to me how they are solving a related problem in C++. Apparently the next version of the C++ standard will include lambdas, and they're doing this:
[q, &r] (int x) -> int { return M(x, q, r); }
This means that the lambda captures outer variable q by value, captures r by reference, takes an int and returns an int. Whether the lambda captures values or references is controllable! An interesting approach but one that doesn't immediately solve our problem here; we cannot make lambdas capture by value by default without a huge breaking change. Capturing by value would have to require new syntax, and then we're in the same boat again: the user has to know to use the new syntax when in a foreach loop.
A number of people also asked what the down sides of adding a warning are. The down side is that a warning which warns about correct behaviour is a very bad warning; it makes people change working code, and frequently they break working code in order to eliminate a warning that shouldn't have been present in the first place. Consider:
foreach(var insect in insects){ var query = frogs.Where(frog=>frog.Eats(insect)); Console.WriteLine("{0} is eaten by {1} frogs.", insect, query.Count());}
This makes a lambda closed over insect; the lambda never escapes the loop, so there's no problem here. But the compiler doesn't know that. The compiler sees that the lambda is being passed to a method called Where, and Where is allowed to do anything with that delegate, including storing it away to be called later. Which is exactly what Where does! Where stores away the lambda into a monad that represents the execution of the query. The fact that the query object doesn't survive the loop is what keeps this safe. But how is the compiler supposed to suss out that tortuous chain of reasoning? We'd have to give a warning for this case, even though it is perfectly safe.
It gets worse. A lot of people are required by their organizations to compile with "warnings are errors" turned on. Therefore, any time we introduce a new warning for a pattern that is often actually safe and frequently used, we are effectively causing an enormous breaking change. A vaccine which kills more healthy people than the disease would have is probably not a good bet. (**)
This is not to say that a warning is a bad idea, but that it is not the obvious slam dunk good idea that it initially appears to be.
A number of people suggested that the problem was in the training of the developers, not in the design of the language. I disagree. Obviously modern languages are complex tools that require training to use, but we are working hard to make a language where people's natural intuitions about how things work lead them to write correct code. I have myself made this error a number of times, usually in the form of writing code like the code above, and then refactoring it in such a manner that suddenly some part of it escapes the loop and the bug is introduced. It is very easy to make this mistake, even for experienced developers who thoroughly understand closure semantics. That's a flaw in the design of the language.
And finally, a number of people made suggestions of the form "make it a warning in C# 4, and an error in C# 5", or some such thing. FYI, C# 4 is DONE. We are only making a few last-minute "user is electrocuted"-grade bug fixes, mostly based on your excellent feedback from the betas. (If you have bug reports from the beta, please keep sending them, but odds are good they won't get fixed for the initial release.) We are certainly not capable of introducing any sort of major design change or new feature at this point. And we try to not introduce semantic changes or new features in service packs. We're going to have to live with this problem for at least another cycle, unfortunately.
(*) Mr. Smiley Face indicates that Eric is indulging in humourous japery.
(**) I wish to emphasize that I am 100% in favour of vaccinations for deadly infectious diseases, even vaccines that are potentially dangerous. The number of people made ill or killed by the smallpox vaccine was tiny compared to the number of people who did not contract this deadly, contagious (and now effectively extinct) disease as a result of mass vaccination. I am a strong supporter of vaccine research. I'm just making an analogy here people.
A new foreach syntax for this very particular case would be overkill, as would be a warning.
The interaction of foreach and closures probably should have been defined differently, but now it is too late to bother fixing it. After all, no language can evolve as much as C# did since 1.0 without having some awkward legacy issues. Just keep a note for the future designers of whatever language will come after C#.
And it's not only the languages that have this kind of problems, e.g. still occasionally having to use pre-generics System collections brings me on the verge of tears.
(Started to think about it, wild guesses)
If I were to change language for two enumeration styles (I'm not yet sure if it should be done), I'd go with the syntax:
for(var i in list) // i is same variable for all loop iterations
foreach(var i in list) // i is new variable for each iteration
If foreach body is not "pure" enough (subject to define), warning could be issued. This warning could easily be fixed by converting it to "for" loop, if needed. Seems like there are some opportunities for "foreach" parallelization, also.
Andre: I have a simpler solution. A "three sided coin". Since that is geometrically improbable, I'll do you one better - a cube, with two sides for each possible outcome.
Why do programmers always try to reinvent the wheel?
Thinking about purity of foreach block, that could be defined as "block is pure, if extracting it as separate method of the void ExtractedBlock(iterationVariable) form is pure". Then we get that problem of checking if call to Where, Select and any other method getting delegate is pure. It can be defined with some form of PureAttribute, when it means "I'm pure if this and that parameter's body is pure". Delegate body is again subject to the transformation above, like if it can be replaced with extracted pure method, than it is pure. If by chance it is using method group, than method it resolves to should be [Pure] already.
Again, those are just some ideas. Discussion is welcome!
I love that in todays world you have to qualify that vaccination statement.
@Eric "we'll Rock-Paper-Scissors for it. First you and the other side have a round, and then I'll play the winner."
Japery, indeed. Guess it was a good vacation.
I say we settle the choice by havting you think of a double between 0+ and 0-, and we'll try to approximate it.
"A number of people suggested that the problem was in the training of the developers, not in the design of the language."
...And a number of people say that that the music CDs are "dead", "electronic", "machine-like", whereas the vinyl records are "warm" and "live". And some time before, a number of people said the same thing about those very vinyl records, lamenting the muderous effects of technology on the spirit, or art, or whatever.
Will we ever stop envying and resenting the next generation for having it easier than we had???
God forgive me, but I think there is a simple psychological issue behind the "hard-line" statements like that: "if I had to have it the hard way, then so must you, little punk, and don't you dare to have more fun than I did when I was your age!" -- something like that.
Of course the next generation of programming languages should make it easier to implement the ideas that pop up in your head -- fast, not after so much nose-to-the-grindstone time that you forget what you had in mind in the beginning.
But then again: it's tempting for the people who have spent a lot of time mastering the "deep dark secrets" of a certain technology or language to protect the status of High Initiates, the Keepers of the Misteries of Programming, they may have thus obtained. I myself am a little bit guilty of that... :-)
Correct me if I'm wrong, but if I understand you correctly, you give some very good arguments against making it a warning, and you basically reject the make-it-an-error option. You also repeat some argumentss against leaving the language as it is.
Does that mean that you're on the let's-make-the-change side?
After reading this post, I certainly repeat my "make the change" vote.
I said in the last post that you should at least make it a warning. I changed my mind. On many occasions I use the results of a LINQ query with the iteration variable right away, just like in the example you provided, and in those cases the warning message makes no sense.
There's only one option left: make the change you suggested.
Make using lambdas in foreach loops illegal.
That would solve the problems for sure.
No closures - no problem.
"...a warning which warns about correct behaviour is a very bad warning;"
Static code analysis tools, like Lint for C++, are hugely popular for the very reason that they help point out *legal* code that may not be what you intended. I'm jolly grateful that my C++ compiler always points out when I do this:-
if (x = y)
Very rarely I may want to do just this, but I'll write the slightly longer form to placate the compiler:-
if ((file = fopen(...) != NULL)
C# may not have nearly as many dark corners as C++, but it has some. The Visual C++ team added a separate switch "/analyze" as less intrusive method which may be a preferable approach. Those who know what they're doing and dislike being nannied can do so. The rest of us who know that we are fallible have the opportunity to get all the help we can lay our hands on.
Isn't this known as lexical closures? Switching from this to closures that behave like they do in scheme or ruby seems more like adding a new language feature than fixing a bug.
First off, scheme closures and ruby closures both use lexical closures. You seem to be implying that they use dynamic scoping.
Second, I don't see what the difference between lexical and dynamic scoping has to do with it. The question of whether a closure ought to close over a variable or a value seems germane, but I don't see why whether the binding is lexical or dynamic is relevant. Can you clarify why you think this is relevant?
Third, the proposal at hand is NOT to change how closures work; closures in C# are lexical closures that close over variables and that's not changing. The proposals at hand are (1) to move the declaration of the foreach loop variable to be logically inside the loop, or (2) to produce a warning that the closure closes over a single variable, not one variable per loop iteration.
I'm therefore very confused by your comment. Can you elaborate on what you're getting at here, because I'm not following you. -- Eric
> Scheme closures use lexical scoping; ruby closures use dynamic scoping.
Eric, can you elaborate on that?
I'm not a Ruby expert, but from what I've seen all closures in Ruby are lexical. They do have three different kinds:
- blocks, which aren't first-class (you can pass a block as an argument, but you cannot store it in a variable);
- lambdas, which are first-class, and are really most like C# lambdas in pretty much everything;
- procs, which are like lambdas, but also "capture" flow control (so a proc can do an early return from the function in which it was created, or break from a loop if it was created in the loop body).
All three kinds of closures are lexical, however, in that when you reference a variable "a" inside a closure, it will always be the variable visible in the scope in which the closure was created - not the nearest declared in the scope from which it is called.
Or did you mean something else by "dynamic scoping"?
I was misremembering. I was probably thinking of some other language that has dynamic scoping for closures, like Perl (optionally) or PostScript (by default). However, the point remains that I don't understand the comment. I'll fix up the text. Thanks. -- Eric
I'm for #1, 'to move the declaration of the foreach loop variable to be logically inside the loop'.
While it may be a breaking change, I find it unlikely anyone would **deliberately** depend on that behavior.
Besides the whole idea of the foreach variable being readonly and yet changing on each iteration seems a bit like cheating to me. :)
Still no answers to my question of "What is a real-world scenario where you'd want the current behavior?" It's all well and good to demonstrate the capture problem, but does someone have a real example?
IMHO it's only a breaking change if there exists code out there that uses it in this way and meant to.
I have a feeling there's a lot of code using the workaround to get the value they really want
foreach( i in list ) {
// copy i to v, foreach capture varialble issue see http://blogs.msdn.com/ericlippert/
// will be fixed in c#5 we hope
var v = i;
funcs.Add( () => v );
In this case, fixing the #1 foreach fix (declaration inside loop) makes no semantic difference to the resulting code.
Otherwise, the code is wrong and nobody tested it.
I wouldn't put it as a warning either (for the warnings-as-errors crowd), but variable capture of the foreach variable could be an 'information' message in C# 4.
Also, you can still explicitly allow capturing by just declaring a variable y which is outside the foreach, which would make it clear what the value of the captured variable will be. So if there is real-world code that needs this bizarre behavior, it can still work with only minor modification.


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Pit Bull Hybrid Forklift Stand
The Pit Bull Hybrid Forklift Stand is based upon a modular design and can be easily converted to lift from the lower triple tree instead of the lower forks with the addition of the Pit Bull Hybrid Converter.
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The St. Joseph the Worker Women's Guild will host a bus trip to New York City on Saturday, Dec. 7 and the public is invited to attend.
The bus will leave the church's parking lot at 8:30 a.m. and travel to Bryan Park for drop off, according to the church's website. Departure from the city is planned for 6 p.m.


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Navigating the VA Loan Process
Veterans across the country are not aware of the benefits available to them, including the VA loan. Veterans can take advantage of competitive rates compared to conventional loans, and many qualify for $0 down on their home with the VA loan. This amazing infographic outlines the VA loan process to help those who so bravely served our country realize the American dream of home-ownership.


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The Ariake Technologies Greaves are found in the N7 Communication Hub mission. They add a melee damage bonus.
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What Makes You
Norah Jones
What makes you think you're so smart
What makes you think that you're not part of this
Long ago you were fooled into thinking
You were removed from this life
But if you feel
The way That I feel
Don't hide
Don't conceal it from me
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The hilltop will once again be the place to celebrate on July 4.
Coordinated by the Cynthiana Rotary Club, this year's Fabulous Fourth celebrations will begin at 5 p.m. with free games and booths for kids.
"We've been doing it to give back to the community," said Rotary member and Fabulous Fourth coordinator Roger Despard.
Hot dogs, hamburgers, nachos, cotton candy, pizza, Avi's pies, homemade lemonade, snow cones and many more items will be sold at the Rotary food booths on the hill.
The Harrison County Thorobreds won their second consecutive Semi-State Tournament with a 3-0 win over Beechwood on Wednesday night at St. Henry High School to sweep the first two games of the best-of-three series. They now advance to the eight-team Forcht Bank/KHSAA State Tournament at Applebee's Park in Lexington next week.
Harrison County's pitching, defense and some timely hitting by seniors Eric Case and Bobby Feeback, proved to be the difference for the Breds. Case and Feeback delivered back-to-back RBI singles as Harrison County took the lead.
Bluegrass Community and Technical College recognizes following students from Harrison County who have achieved Dean's List honors for the 2009 Spring Semester. The college recognizes academic excellence by naming to the Dean's List full-time students who have earned an overall semester grade point average of 3.5 or better in courses numbered 100 or above.
BCTC's Dean's List honorees for Spring 2009 are:
Harrison County Middle School teacher Cynthia Bellis-Jones attended a workshop at the University of Kentucky recently where she learned about approaches designed to encourage girls to study science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).
The workshop, organized by the Kentucky Girls STEM Collaborative Initiative, featured a presentation by gender equity expert Jo Sanders.
Eastside Elementary School
The Eastside Elementary Honor Roll for the fourth grading period includes:
Fourth Grade
americanism essay contest
Westside Elementary School
The Westside Elementary Honor Roll for the fourth grading period includes:
Third Grade
*Lauren Ammerman, *Adam Bradford, Ariel Bryan, Amber Clemons, Caleb Covington, Natalie Crump, Haley Fauste, Bryce Henderson, Michael Kaba, *Alyssa Kilpela, *Olivia King, Ricky Martinez, Electra Mastin, Devin Mattox, Allison Nichols, *Clay Nickell, Ryan Perkins, Delaney Petty, *A.J. Smith, Owen Stephens, Paige Warner.
Northside Elementary
The Northside Elementary Honor Roll for the final grading period includes:
Joe Banfield, Ben Bowen, Sandra Brock, CJ Claypool, Sarah Doyle, Hunter Griffith, Stefanie Harney, Tanner Harney, Hanna Hendren, Natalie Kinney, Weston Lea, Lyric Moore, Ben Northcutt, *Brady Posey, Shelby Roberts, Elliot Rognstad, Autumn Smith, Keishon Tucker, Alex Tumey, Austin Tumey, Madison Wells, Kyler Williams.
B.U.G. Fourth Grade
The annual Berry festival will be held this weekend in downtown Berry.
"People are getting excited about the festival," said event treasurer Christine Philpot.
The weekend event will begin Friday evening at 6 p.m. with a Gospel Jubilee featuring several groups and soloists.
Saturday events include a baby show, Little Miss and Mister contest, a parade at noon, Texas Hold 'em tournament, sidewalk chalk drawing contest and bingo.
A zone change request from Mayor Jim Brown was denied at Monday evening's Cynthiana-Harrison County-Berry Joint Planning Commission.
Currently zoned agricultural, Brown's request asked that his residence on KY 36 East (Millersburg Pike) be changed to a residential zone.
Brown's architect Philip Sims addressed the board on behalf of Brown, stating that the zone had not been changed when the property was annexed into the city limits earlier in the year.
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REAKTOR 5 in 4 Minutes
Native Instruments REAKTOR opens up to you an infinite horizon of sonic possibilities. Here's what you need to know.
Pyramid of Numbers = Modular+Reaktor+Leap+EPSi+Big Sky
'A Box In The Sea' explores using gestural control with a Leap Motion and Ableton Push as controllers for Reaktor and a modular synthesizer.
Starting with a beautiful sound from the Braids and Morphing Terrarium. Sampled with the Phonogene and processed through the Echophon/ZDSP/Big Sky/EPSi. The Piano is Reaktor and a water sample played together. The beginning atmosphere is KORE2 animated circuits. The Leap is controlling all the modulation in Reaktor, Big Sky and KORE2.
Molekular – new modular multi-effects system for REAKTOR 5
Native Instruments has released Molekular, a modular multi-effects system for the flagship synthesis studio REAKTOR 5 or the free REAKTOR 5 PLAYER.
MOLEKULAR features slots for up to four effect modules and near-limitless routing options for unique effect arrangements. Modules include a pitch and resonator section for transforming percussive sounds into melodic arpeggios. Delay, stutter, and glitch modules allow users to create new rhythmic structures or turn any incoming signal into washed-out soundscapes. Eight modulation effects offer incredible sonic versatility for augmenting tone – from classic modulation effects like flanger and chorus to yet-unheard effects such as a purposefully broken pitch shifter to create unusual new textures. Six dynamic and distortion effects include a 16-stage wave folder and a DSP that tracks a signal's pitch to control a variable waveform oscillator. MOLEKULAR also comes with essential 'bread and butter' effects for additional sonic adjustments and finetuning.
MOLEKULAR features 16 modulation sources, which can be routed to any parameter within the effects system. Modulators include four customizable LFOs and four step sequencers for emphasizing any part of the meter with rhythms from simple eighth notes to odd metric subdivisions. What's more, MOLEKULAR includes analog modular-inspired trigger sequencers – each with a dedicated envelope and an envelope follower to set accents or add bursts of effects to any production. A logic module adds an irregular, organic feel to the structure of sound sources with any degree of precision or chaos. Frequency-based parameters can be quantized to custom scales and it's even possible to route one modulator into another producing unusual, constantly evolving modulation structures.
By using the Morphing Field, it is possible to drastically twist the results via the interactive display. Producers can assign a starting point, define four master mutations and easily morph between them in real time – a new and near-limitless approach to performing with effects. The morpher can also be controlled by any of the modulation sources. Though highly advanced technology works under the hood, MOLEKULAR is straightforward to use, and also comes with a multitude of presets of highly inventive effects ready to use as creative starting points.
Molekular is available for $149 USD / 149 EUR / £129 GBP.
Juice 3 – vintage synth emulation built in Reaktor
Minimojo is an emulation of an old synthesizer built in Reaktor, available for all registered product owners in the NI Reaktor User Library.
The Juice 3 is not in any way a copy of MONARK. The builder did not have access to or ever used MONARK during the making of Juice 3. Instead, the old ensemble Minimood made by NI in 1999, which has then been modified by several users, has been used as the starting point. I think that the basic structure will be recognizable from that early ensemble.
As the Model D is the most emulated synthesizer the world probably don't need yet another one. Juice 3 should be seen as a proof of concept; how to emulate the should of vintage synthesizers using the Reaktor environment.
The technology developed for this is called Analog Legacy. Analog Legacy is the theory of modulating all functions in a synthesizer at all frequencies. The key is to find the right balance of the modulation depth for each frequency. Juice 3 is the first attempt to use this theory in practice.
NI Reaktor – Bassic Overview – How to Tutorial
ADSR Sounds say that BASSIC is a Reaktor synth made with the modern electronic producer in mind. They say that they created BASSIC with one thing in mind – Simplicity.
"Stripped of all the things that can distract or confuse when designing killer bass music instruments, BASSIC has all the basic components needed to create professional sounds in just a matter of minutes! No more spending countless hours dialling in settings across parameters that aren't even necessary. No more complex routing decisions. And no more time spent on things that only seem to derail the creative process!"
Download BASSIC here – http://adsrsounds.com/product/presets…
In this video, I show how to use my newest ensemble, Bassic, which can be bought here:
This video covers the layout and use of the Voicing controls to create huge, aggressive, bass sounds with ease.
Testing Structsynth for Reaktor 5
Sergio Rodríguez playing Structsynth v. 1_0 ensemble from Reaktor 5 Native Instruments. Comin soon in Reaktor user library.
ULTRALOOP – new sample based loop engine for Reaktor
Twisted Tools has released Ultraloop, a new sample based loop engine for Native's Reaktor, details below:
AVAILABLE NOW: http://twistedtools.com/shop/reaktor/…
ULTRALOOP is a first-of-its-kind loop remixing sampler with a fast and intuitive visual workflow for Native Instruments *Reaktor. ULTRALOOP combines advanced loop layering, comping, effect processing and automation techniques to generate new grooves, riffs and song ideas. You can use ULTRALOOP with the included factory sample library or to remix your own samples, injecting new life into any existing loop library. ULTRALOOP is available now from the Twisted Tools Shop for $69.
Video by Scott Pagano.
Pricing and availability
ULTRALOOP is available from the Twisted Tools Shop for $69
Additional Expansion Loop Packs can be purchased for $19/each
Further product information and press material
Loop Expansions
• Loop Remixing Sampler.
• Advanced layered sampler engine with intuitive interface.
• Visual loop compositing.
• Generative Gestural FX to create fills, articulations and variations.
• FX Sequencer
• Specialized track sequencer with mono and poly draw modes.
• Layered playback and editing of up to eight tracks simultaneously.
• Independent controls per layer, organized into parameter cells with sliders.
• Automatable Preset Grids per parameter group, with 17 memory slots each
• 8 Global Scenes per snapshot
• Preset Grids and Scenes are playable via mouse, MIDI or OSC.
• Extensive randomization options.
• Time and pitch stretching to allow loops with different BPMs.
• Flexible multi-output routing per layer.
• Master Punch control
• Swing
• Control nearly every parameter with included iPad Lemur OSC Template by Antonio Blanca
• 3+ banks of presets
• 2224 Sound Variations
• Over 800mb of included factory sample content by from Enig'matik Records, Loopmasters and Sounds of Revolution.
• Optional Expansion Packs by cutting edge artists such as Dusty Fungus, Chris Carter and Si Begg
Sample content and sound design by
• Antonio Blanca, Apparition, Chris Komus, Dusty Fungus, Fine Cut Bodies, Flint Kids, Josh Hinden, Ion Driver, Itsu, Kilowatts, Loopmasters, Oliver Schmitt, Sounds of Revolution, Sonictwist, Sun in Aquarius and Whitebear
Aria – free synthesizer instrument for Reaktor
Need a Name has introduced Aria, a free synthesizer instrument for Native Instruments Reaktor.
Hey guys, I released a new Reaktor ensemble named Aria, it's an experimental synthesizer.
The synth is mostly enjoyable when playing it with a dynamic keyboard, 'cause filters are modulated by velocity.
Aria is a free download at Need a Name. Requires Reaktor full version.
Is Lemur the REAKTOR of Control?
Have you ever seen heavy hitters like Richie Hawtin, Gui Borrato, and Richard Devine controlling a massive rig with nothing more than an iPad and wondered what it was all about? In brief, it's Lemur—an iOS controller environment that one could fairly describe as "the REAKTOR of controllers."
Reaktor: WHOOSH new sound design instrument to create breath taking whoosh and pass-by effects
WHOOSH is a true sound design instrument and enables you to create breath taking whoosh and pass-by effects. It is possible to precisely design sounds varying from whistling wind whooshes to air ripping engine pass-bys or completely over the top granular sci-fi effects.
The included doppler effects engine was designed from ground up to physical model the acoustic phenomena of an object that approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The individual playback engines, the source mixer and doppler engine can be manipulated in synchronized connection to each other. This makes it possible to playback the desired sound effect at different durations while remaining everything in perfect sync.
Whoosh comes with an extensive onboard sample library licensed from leading sound effect recordists. It includes categories like wind, fire, metal, water, engine and explosion effects.
Whoosh is built for Native Instruments Reaktor 5.8 or later – (Player not supported).
• Enables you to design breath taking whoosh and pass-by sound effects.
• Complex but intuitive to use sound design engine.
• 4 loop / grain samplers, 4 impact samplers, wave mixer, doppler engine and post effects.
• Comes with over 240 sounds exclusively licensed from professional sound effect recordists.
• Note: Loading your own sounds is not supported at the moment – but it is possible.
(This will become officially available in a future update)
System Requirements:
• Mac or PC running a full version Native Instruments Reaktor 5.8 or later
• Download size: 150 MB zipped (200 MB uncompressed)
• Note: whoosh does not run in Reaktor Player – a full version of Reaktor is required.
Price: $79,00 US


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The Comedy In Fifty Shades of Grey
By Amy Nicholson
Wild Tales Lays Bare Everyone's Awfulness
By Stephanie Zacharek
Approaching the Elephant Is a Bracing Education Doc
By Calum Marsh
By Stephanie Zacharek
By Inkoo Kang
The Results of Our 2014 Film Critics' Poll
By Voice Film Critics
By Alan Scherstuhl
The Blue Room (La Chambre bleue)
By Alan Scherstuhl
Seated Indian-style on his hotel room bed, trusty pipe in hand, Sembene projects a mix of the childlike and the avuncular, the jovial and the acerbic. As do his movies: Moolaadé, which screens Wednesday at the New York Film Festival and opens Friday, is a drama about female circumcision that is somehow uplifting and even funny. As in many of Sembene's films, a strong woman occupies the center of the story. "In Africa, women are more powerful than men," he says. "They live closer to the earth and must deal with the concrete reality of daily life." Moolaadé unfolds in Sembene's typically Brechtian style, with declamatory line readings and an absence of sentiment. "I do that so each viewer can see the film in his or her own way," he explains. "It also helps different cultures across Africa to understand the story."
Sembene applies a similar detachment when discussing African politics. Having just arrived in New York from Dakar, where he participated in the first ever Conference of Intellectuals From Africa and the Diaspora, Sembene encourages a meditative approach to the continent's problems. "Reflecting on the current period in Africa, with its sickness and war, you can ask yourself, is it a setback to Africa's development or does it mark the birth of something new?" Sembene is unequivocal about who ultimately holds responsibility for the continent's future: "Change must come from Africans them- selvesmen and women. France and the U.S. have no role here. Westerners can give us a lot but we have to decide for ourselves."
While scouting locations for Moolaadé, Sembene found a village in Burkina Faso whose mosque had an ostrich egg sitting atop its spire. "The egg symbolizes the birth of the world," Sembene says, and its place above the mosque shows how Islam can coexist with other beliefs. Such peaceful change suggests the eradication of female circumcision is far from impossible. "In the '70s, African women were still subjected to torture like bodily scarring," Sembene says. "Today, those practices are gone. We are making progress."
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from www.davisdvd.com:
However some online stores like www.dvdempire.com list a October 18th release date.
One of the most eagerly anticipated documentaries finally makes its way onto DVD on October 25th. Only a month after the ghastly murders of three little boys found in a West Memphis creek, three teenagers are taken into custody and instantly condemned by a retribution-hungry public. Directed by Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky, the acclaimed Paradise Lost: The Child Murders At Robin Hood Hills follows the year-long trials and tribulations of the West Memphis Three, their legal eagles and the families of both the victims and defendants. Presented in fullscreen and Dolby Digital 2.0, the Docurama disc features 45 minutes of exclusive new footage, a timeline of events, trial updates and filmmaker bios. Retail is $26.95.
I'm very happy this wonderful doc is finally coming to DVD. The sequel is also available on DVD as well.
Anyone else see this? A perfect example of a witch hunt.


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The Problem with Nigeria - Part 1
To set the record straight, I am very proud to be a Nigerian any day, anytime and anywhere. in fact,...
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Our dishonorable legislators in Nigeria: Was Obasanjo right?
July 09, 2012
" It's not what we eat but what we digest that makes us strong; not what we gain but what we save that makes us rich; not what we read but what we remember that makes us learned; and not what we profess but what we practice that gives us integrity" -Francis Bacon About few weeks ago, the chief commanding officer of Ota farms and erstwhile president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Chief Aremu Olusegun Obasanjo came out boldly to tell the world that the Nigerian legislative arms of government made up of members of the national assembly were nothing, but a bunch of rogues and fraudsters in power. Obasanjo had said; "Integrity is necessary for systems and institutions to be strong. Today, rogues, armed robbers are in the state Houses of Assembly and the National Assembly. What sort of laws will they make? And as usual with any statement from the former controversial president since he was forceful sent parking from Aso Rock, Nigerians, especially the legislators took a hard sweep on him, calling for his mulish head. In fact, I was among those who initially was skeptical about his statement, but today I can confidently tell you that I have recant my skepticism and right now beginning to see a ray of light in what Baba Ota tried to opened our veiled eyes to see and recognized the true identity of those dishonorable men and women purporting to represent our collective interest. To be honest, I was never a fan of Chief Obasanjo in and out of office, but I might again change my posture if what is currently brewing at the lower house is found to be true at the end of the day. I don't know if I might write an apology letter to the old man and tell him that, like many other Nigerians, I have long been blind to the double face posture of our legislators. Truly if the now dishonorable Farouk Lawan evidently collected the $3million bribe as being alleged by one of the chief's boy Femi Otetola come out to be true, then Nigerians I believe have no option than to openly apologized to Baba Ota and beg for his forgiveness, even if it warrant us to prostrate, as exemplified by his erstwhile vice -president during his solo mission to Ota farms some years back. Right now Baba's words are metamorphosing into true, as Mr. Integrity, Farouk Lawan's chicken seems to have come home to roast. Still fresh in our minds is the scandalous double faced dishonorable Ndudi Elumelu Power Committee fraud and the many lies he and his committee told Nigerians. And right now Nigerians are realizing that another member, this time a long serving element of the National Assembly has long been playing a double agent on them, deceiving us and manipulating us with his false integrity group and at the same time eating with the devil. I am still finding it hard to believe that the petite looking Mr Integrity could drop so low for a $3million bribe, despite his reputation and fire-brand anti-corruption posture. It is sad that Farouk Lawan could slop so low and disgraced his position as a federal law maker and chairman of a House Committee. It is a disgrace that this man who was known as a champion of anti-corruption be little his integrity and allowed himself to fall into a cheap sting trap in this modern age of Information Communication Technology. Right now the House of Representatives is reported to have suspended him and stripped him of all the positions he had hitherto held on to fraudulently, but how many other double faced dishonourable legislators do we still have left in the lower chamber? I mean as rightly stated by Baba Ota, how many rogues and armed robbers still exist in the National Assembly? Do we still have other double face legislators like Ndudi Elumelu, Herman Hembe and Faruk Lawal, eating fat on tax payer's money and at the same time stealing us dry and secretly collecting millions of bribe from men like Femi Otedola and co? Funnily Femi Otedola has been left roaming freely about and making boastful noise. I am sure he would have been cooling off his rich feet in detention by now if it were to be in a sane and just society, since as the giver of bribe, he is assumed to be corrupt too. Right now nobody can give a clear cut answer to the many unknown bribes he had long been dishing out to other legislators in the national assembly. What we seem to have is a thief trying to catch another thief. Or who among the giver and the taker is the real thief, since Odetola's company is accused to have stolen huge sum of money from the Nigerian people through the oil-subsidy disgrace. It is more than ten years away since the return of so-called democracy in Nigeria, but a trip around the thirty six states of this country, would only revealed a political jamboree and massive looting of the people's money and assets by some of our flamboyant politicians and their cronies. It has actually been more than ten years of looting, corruption, deceits and underdevelopment. All we see in the states and National Assembly are hot expensive debates, ineffective bills, and grammatical jargons, jamboree committees and abandoned recommendations. And to quote our now soothsayer erstwhile president, Chief Mathew Aremu Obasanjo on the judiciary who many have long seen as the savior of the common man, he had this to say: "The judiciary is also corrupt. During my tenure, many of the corrupt judges were removed. Some are still there. If the Judiciary becomes corrupt, where is the hope for the nation? Justice, no doubt, will go to the highest bidder. The judiciary did not see anything wrong with a former governor but the same set of evidence was used to sentence him in the United Kingdom." Could Baba Ota be right again, just as he came out to tell the world about the rogues and armed robbers parading themselves as legislators in our national and states assemblies? Would our image battered judiciary shame him this time on his bold statement that "The judiciary is so corrupt" and for once do the right thing by prosecuting those found guilty in this current bribery saga effectively? Would they see something wrong in our elected or is it selected legislators fraudulently collecting bribe and coming out to deceive the Nigerian people and the country's integrity?, The fact that Chief Aremu Obasanjo is said to also have stained fingers, should not make us respect his patriotic whistle blowing statement, after all, a devil you know is said to be better than the angel you don' know.
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GP-1 Part II
Hidden Sound Test
When the main title "GP Part II" comes out, but before any music heard, Hold L+R button on Controller 2, and press "Start" button on Controller 1. The screen will changed to dark with only "Sound Test" text appear. To choose the music, tap the D-pad left or right to make the music titles appear. To plays the music, just tap B or A button.
Level Passwords
A the title screen, select GP Race, then enter the following passwords at the Continue screen:
Effect Password Round 02 JHDXB1CX PZBZ5WLCL YFW4BB4B DBGDBBCF2 Round 03 JMGYB1CX PZBZ5WWC4 #LCRKCWB GBGFBBDK6 Round 04 JSOYB1CX PZBZ5W4FM RRYBLDLB JBGHBBCPH Round 05 J126B1CX PZBZ5XKHP G128TGBB KBGRBBCZW Round 06 J527B1CX PZB25XSJY O6G4XGBB MBGSBWGDB Round 07 J93FB1CX PZB25XZKZ D#14OGWB MWGYBWCK6 Round 08 KC3FB1CX PZBZ5X7K7 XFJW3HBB QWG3BWKQJ Round 09 KJKFB1CX PZBZ5YFMQ &K3G6JBB RBG5BWJVD Round 10 KPKGB1CX PZBZ5YQP0 SRK88J40 TBG5BWHY& Round 11 KTKGB1CX PZBZ5YYP0 5W48#6BD WBL8BWZFZ Round 12 KPKGB1CX PZBZ5Y6RH K1MXBLLD YBL8CMBJF Round 13 K2KGB1CX PZBZ52BSS 356SBMLD ZBR&CMJPF Round 14 - Europe F2L8FCMW YWDWBFF9S R8687PWJ XBG9B5HWC
Contributed By: Tee, Gamer7048, and fepnascimento.
Secret Items
Speed Boost
To get speed boost at the beginning of race, just try to make the speedometer's needle-hand pointing at the line between number "8" and "10" when the green light's up. If you time it correctly, you will get extra boost which may passed all the opponents when the racing just starts. This trick is working almost the same like Speed Boost trick in Mario Kart.
Know Something We Don't?
You can submit new cheat codes for this game using our Cheat Submission Form.
Have We Been Fooled?
If you see a non-working or fake code in the list above, let us know by using our Problem Submission Form.


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The following divorces have been granted by the Surry County Clerk of Courts:
• Leticia Guadalupe Resendiz, and Cesar Resendiz. Granted July 17.
• Angela Sutphin Mullis and Lonnie Martin Mullis. Granted July 14.
• Melinda Joy Edwards Stroud and Geoffery P. Stroud. Granted July 14.
• Nicholas McDermott and Morgan McPherson. Granted July 14.
• James Aaron Jones and Bonnie Julia Jones. Granted July 14.
• Jordan Cody Sumner and Kayla Michelle Sumner. Granted July 14.


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EGM Weekly: April 5, 2014 Edition
By Chris Holzworth, News Editor
Posted on April 5, 2014 AT 10:45am
Posted on April 5, 2014 AT 10:45am
This is EGM Weekly, a round up of the top news, reviews, and features from the past seven days.
This week, Amazon reveals their new set-top box: the Amazon Fire TV, the company also announces their hiring of Portal designer Kim Swift and Far Cry 2 creative director Clint Hocking, EA announces that Amy Hennig has joined them as a creative director at EA Visceral working on the unannounced Star Wars game, Phil Spencer gets promoted to head of all-things Xbox, and much more.
Here's this week's best:
News Stories
Amazon reveals gaming and streaming video set-top box Amazon Fire TV
After months (if not more) of rumor and hearsay, Amazon finally unveiled their gaming and video-streaming set-top box: the Amazon Fire TV. READ MORE
Amy Hennig joins EA Visceral as creative director on Star Wars game
EA Visceral has hired former Uncharted creative director Amy Hennig to head up the studio's upcoming Star Wars game. READ MORE
Amazon Game Studios gains Portal designer and Far Cry 2 creative director
Amazon's acquisition of game design talent continues with news that the company's hired Portal designer Kim Swift and Far Cry 2 creative director Clint Hocking. READ MORE
Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor questing onto consoles and PC October 7
Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor launches October 7, Warner Bros. announced.READ MORE
Daylight delayed by three weeks to make it scarier
The release of Zombie Studios' procedurally generated horror title Daylight has been delayed by three weeks to allow more time to make the game scarier, publisher Atlus announced. READ MORE
EA apologizes for 'stupid' Frostbite Wii U April Fools' Day tweets
EA COO Peter Moore publicly apologized for a string of April Fools' Day tweets posted by the official Frostbite Engine Twitter account, stating that they were not condoned by the publisher. READ MORE
Upcoming inFamous: Second Son update to add ability to change time of day
Sucker Punch Productions plans to install several new options into inFamous: Second Son based on player input, studio founder Brian Fleming announced in a post on the PlayStation Blog. READ MORE
Splinter Cell: Blacklist game director now at Warner Bros. heading an unannounced game
According to an update on Patrick Redding's LinkedIn profile, the former Splinter Cell: Blacklist game director has left Ubisoft Toronto to helm a new title for Warner Bros.READ MORE
Square Enix to go 'back to their roots' with triple-A series
In the wake of Bravely Default's success, Square Enix plans to "go back to their roots" with all of their series, the company's president Yosuke Matsuda told Nikkei Trendy in a recent interview. READ MORE
Phil Spencer is the new head of Microsoft's Xbox division
Phil Spencer is the new head of Microsoft's Xbox division, the company announced. Spencer, who was serving as head of Microsoft Studios, will now be in charge of everything Xbox, including Xbox Live, Xbox Music, and Xbox Video. READ MORE
Japan Service: What's New This Week in Japanese Gaming
This week: The internet finds the first English screenshots of Tomodachi Collection, Atlus starts putting up more of their PS2 games on PSN, and we get an English demo of The House in Fata Morgana. READ MORE
Weekend Play: The J-Party Download
By EGM Staff
Welcome to EGM's Weekend Play, a weekly account of what games the editors of EGM are currently playing, and an open conversation with you, the reader, about what you've been playing. READ MORE
EGM Game Over Podcast 070: Eat More So I Can Transform, Fat Boy
By EGM Staff
The EGM crew brings you the Game Over Podcast, our end-of-the-week conversation where we discuss some of the biggest recent events in gaming. LISTEN HERE
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Quartal - portal for psp based on portal gun mod by siska.robert but so modify)
I like how this is turning out. I still think that you guys need to fix the collisions for the portals.
That would mean making the portals 100% like console and DS version, which Fitz Quake CANNOT handle.
According to numerous conversations, we might make the switch to DP.
Sweet right click box XD
To fill in the time, here is some gameplay of Baem


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"We used these announcements for an elderly aunt who we had to move into assisted living. We wanted something cheerful and this fit the bill: so bright and happy! Since we were on a budget, I loved that you could "downgrade" to a straight edge and eliminate any extra costs; but I thought all of the edging options looked great. I also liked that the text was 100% customizable. These arrived faster than I expected and were the usual good quality card stock. I highly recommend."
"Ordered 100 of these moving announcements in the navy color. We love them!! They are beautiful and elegant looking, unlike other moving announcements that I looked at. It is a postcard which we like. Highly recommend these."
"The bluish background color had a more retro feel when I received it, but it looked great. Have had nice feedback from friends who received it."
"The cards were excellent and artistically appealing. It was a quick way to notify a lot of people and saved us a lot of time."
"This card was absolutely perfect for notifying friends and family of our first home purchase. I loved being able to type a message on the back. The cards came a couple of days prior to when I was quoted, which was wonderful!"


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Obama hints at new drive on climate change
Published on Nov 8, 2012 7:30 AM
WASHINGTON (AFP) - US President Barack Obama has hinted he will make another push to fight climate change after cruising to a new term, but his room for manoeuvre will be limited even with a new focus after megastorm Sandy.
Mr Obama, whose hopes for a law restricting carbon emissions blamed for rising temperatures died in the Senate during his first term, alluded to climate change at his victory rally after the issue's near absence during the campaign.
"We want our children to live in an America that isn't burdened by debt, that isn't weakened by inequality, that isn't threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet," Mr Obama told cheering supporters in Chicago.
Listing areas on which "we've got more work to do," Mr Obama said he hoped the United States would work on "freeing ourselves from foreign oil." Senator Harry Reid, the leader of Mr Obama's Democrats in the chamber where the party defied odds to increase its majority, also pledged to pay attention to climate change but did not offer specifics.
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- Green AmherstGreen Amherst
- Book & Plow Farm
- Climate Action Plan
- Events
- Amherst Footprint
- Amherst Sustainability in the News
- Awareness and Promotional Campaigns
- Carbon Inventory
- Cleaning Processes
- Cogeneration
- Conservation - Water
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- Green Building Design Strategies
- Green Computing
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- Recent Sustainability Improvements
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Central Mechanical Systems
In 1998 the College developed a central chilled water plant to address the majority of the campus' cooling needs. Where possible, buildings are designed to connect into central utility systems to take advantage of the load diversity. The central systems are almost always more efficient than individual distributed systems (which was the College's design strategy before 1998).
Central Chilled Water Plant: .8 kW/ton
Unitary Air Conditioner: 1.2-1.4 kW/ton


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Like many cities in Orange County, San Clemente faced the difficult tasks of attracting more business and keep existing ones in town during an economically depressed time.
Walk along Avenida Del Mar today and shoppers won't see too many vacant storefronts.
Drive up to Talega and through Rancho San Clemente and a stronger industrial and technology presence is notable.
San Clemente was not immune to the economic downturn that gripped the nation the last six years. Businesses closed or moved away. Foreclosures increased dramatically. Workers lost their jobs. City sales tax revenues were down.
But city and business leaders agree the worst economic effects are behind them. New businesses are now moving in, with technology and restaurants and entertainment leading the way.
"Generally what you're seeing is overall growth," Community Development Director Jim Holloway said.
The types of businesses coming to town include high-tech companies such as Skullcandy, Northrop Grumman and Left Coast Brewery, and other companies are growing, such as Swift Engineering, ABO Pharmaceuticals and Quest Diagnostics.
High-tech companies are moving into the Rancho San Clemente and Talega Business parks, Holloway said, and downtown is seeing more businesses move in, attracting more foot traffic.
San Clemente's downtown is perhaps the most popular shopping and dining destination in the city, but while downtown is experiencing growth, there are problems afflicting businesses there.
"I think we've actually fared pretty well in the bigger picture and certainly there's not much vacancy rate on this street (Avenida Del Mar) – currently, I'm not sure if there's any," said Michael Kaupp, the president of the city's Downtown Business Association, a group that represents businesses located on Avenida Del Mar and the nearby streets that make up downtown.
Storefronts on Avenida Del Mar have been occupied for the most part, even during the tough economic times. Kaupp said there was some turnover on the street during the recession but other portions of downtown such as El Camino Real saw more of an impact because Avenida Del Mar is the preferred location to open up a business downtown.
Kaupp also owns a couple properties in the downtown area. He said downtown is seeing a shift from a retail-heavy to an entertainment-and-shopping area.
"We're getting a lot more restaurants, food services and services in general, which is really taking a bite out of the daytime viability of the street," Kaupp said.
He said that while the growth is good for the city, the changing downtown is taking away some of the energy from the retail environment the street has been known for in the past.
Holloway said the city's mission is not to discourage smaller retail stores from opening up and staying around, especially in the downtown area, but said the city is worried that property owners on Avenida Del Mar could raise rental prices, forcing out smaller retailers.
The new businesses moving in downtown also bring more cars, which means parking is becoming harder to find. The lack of parking is especially troubling for businesses such as Nic's Vacuum and Small Appliances.
Store owner Jean Louis Denayer said the economy never hurt his business as much as the lack of parking is now.


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In Hebron, This Land Is … Whose Land?
New film chronicles the settler-bullies of the West Bank city
It's one thing to see children too young to know better acting in casually cruel ways. It's entirely another to watch adults—particularly adults who have adopted the cloak of moral superiority—acting like the very worst sort of playground bullies. But that, sadly, is what takes up the bulk of This Is My Land… Hebron, a documentary that is having its North American premiere this week at the Human Rights Watch film festival at Lincoln Center in Manhattan.
There are plenty of shots of Jewish kids and teenagers acting like brats—throwing stones to bait Palestinian schoolchildren their own age, talking back to elderly missionaries trying to intervene. But what really shocks are sequences like the one about ten minutes in, where a Jewish woman living in a settlement bloc guarded by IDF troops walks up to the chicken-wire fence surrounding her Palestinian neighbors' house, puts her face right up to the barrier, and begins hissing, "Sharmouta"—Arabic for "whore." The presence of the camera only seems to goad her on; she drops her voice to a sibilant whisper, repeating her curse over and over again. It's difficult to watch. In the context of the film, it doesn't really matter what set the woman off, or how just her irritation may have been. What matters is that she chose not to turn to the soldiers very expensively stationed along the road for help, but rather to be petty and mean: To engage in taunts for the sake of demonstrating her power—as bullies do.
To an American ear, it is particularly galling to hear the many Brooklyn and New Jersey accents, in English and in halting Hebrew, from people who insist repeatedly that God, the Torah, and the long, sad history of the Jewish people excuse their holding on to the land they so fervently believe is their birthright. "I'm not talkin' to you!" one man shouts at a television journalist who interrupts him while he's screaming at IDF soldiers that they, as fellow Jews, should be defending the holy, sacred children of the settlers rather than Arab residents of one neighborhood.
Those viewers who defend the settlers will find fault with the film, because it fails to take seriously the possibility that there are actual security threats to the city's 600 or so Jews; because the unapologetically anti-settlement Haaretz journalist Gideon Levy is the movie's voice of reason; because it gives equal time to settler leaders and to advocates from B'Tselem and Breaking the Silence, two left-wing groups. But it's hard to imagine anyone wanting to seriously defend some of the slimier behavior discovered by the filmmakers, Giulia Amati and Stephen Natanson, from religious young Jewish men casually calling passersby Nazis and unleashing vile torrents of f-bombs and other multi-lingual verbal abuse, to parents employing their clearly terrified and screaming infants as pawns in front of the cameras. And it's hard to avoid the tragedy at the heart of the film: That, more than 15 years after the American-born settler Baruch Goldstein committed his Purim massacre in a Hebron mosque, successive Israeli governments have failed to defuse a powder keg that could easily blow up even the most ironclad peace deal—when, or if, such a thing is ever reached.
The trailer below:
This Is My Land… Hebron [Film Linc]
Related: Among the Settlers [The New Yorker]
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Tablet is committed to bringing you the best, smartest, most enlightening and entertaining reporting and writing on Jewish life, all free of charge. We take pride in our community of readers, and are thrilled that you choose to engage with us in a way that is both thoughtful and thought-provoking. But the Internet, for all of its wonders, poses challenges to civilized and constructive discussion, allowing vocal—and, often, anonymous—minorities to drag it down with invective (and worse). Starting today, then, we are asking people who'd like to post comments on the site to pay a nominal fee—less a paywall than a gesture of your own commitment to the cause of great conversation. All proceeds go to helping us bring you the ambitious journalism that brought you here in the first place.
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We hope this new largely symbolic measure will help us create a more pleasant and cultivated environment for all of our readers, and, as always, we thank you deeply for your support.


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conquer the european empire with a tank firing bombs on enemies so delete them all. aim and shoot where you think you can produce the enemy's defeat. you conquer europe ?.
conquer the european empire with a tank firing bombs on enemies so delete them all. aim and shoot where you think you can produce the enemy's defeat. you conquer europe ?.
He has come the great battle tanks. of course, you have the best tank is more likely to win. but being a good driver also counts a lot.
reach the goal with your tank intact or with the least possible damage. do not hesitate to shoot the objects that will interfere. you move with the arrow keys and shoot with the space bar.
passes the various stages of this small medieval championship tanks, interacts with the mouse to aim and shoot.
play this game where you piloting a tank, you have to go down a road full of civilians to destroy a target.
it's time to raze the military city with your new tank. hangars destroys all enemies before his army come and finish with your life
tries to survive in the chaos of war. in the middle of a city, destroying everything they find.
the commander has ordered you to park all military tanks in place. Military Tank try to park in the right place in the shortest possible time and try not to crash, otherwise begin again the level
in this game of war you have to put barricades to trap enemies. Catch all enemies with barricades to the next level
great action and shooting game where you have to place towers to prevent fighting military tanks dock at the seaport. shoot these armored mercilessly to destroy them all
conquer the german empire leading your army to fight in the battlefield. you must use your military strategy to defeat enemies. who will win this war?
go with your powerful tank to the middle of the desert to fight for order and hope your country. I have commissioned a large tank with a great firepower. do not waste it and defeat all the enemies of your nation.
you have to kill all the terrorists firing missiles with your new tank warfare. calculates the shot to hit the target and not waste ammunition
You have an empire to protect and this will have to create tanks, planes and weapons of the future. get money and invest in buying new weapons to eliminate enemies and defeat the empire
live an exciting fighter military tanks where you have to use your tank to destroy opponents. point and shoot the enemies to destroy them before they can destroy you
your allies need you! mounted in the tank and hit the road to get to the allied base, hurry before a war breaks
You stole an army tank to sell to the highest bidder. but things have gone badly and you have the whole army behind you to kill you.
defend and conquer the territory using your military strategy. send your troops to fight against enemy forces. Your mission is to defeat the enemy base before they wrecking your base. Good luck !.
you are the only one who can prevent world war and this will have to sacrifice some of your tanks. you have to put tanks so that the enemy can not reach its destination. get money to buy upgrades and new tanks
all military powers in the world have called for a career tanks and you are one of the most prestigious riders in your country, you have to win the race to not disappoint your dear friends
delve into the war piloting one of the most powerful tanks of the world war. your mission is to exterminate the jihadist caliphate, this will have to be very careful because the islamic state is very dangerous
Step into any war with the best tanks, the best opponents and the best situation. shoot as quickly as possible, because the tanks are not only a problem, but the various soldiers who will war!
pilot modern and ancient tanks in a very dangerous mission. you have to go deep into enemy territory to open cover your allies. your goal is to clear all the obstacles you encounter along the way. shoot the obstacles !.
drives a tank and through the moon, and overcomes obstacles distinos.
Immerse yourself in this fascinating war game where you drive a armored tank and must destroy all enemies.
action game where you drive a tank, possibility to play 4 players and you must kill all your opponents.
kill all your enemies with your armored tank, the tank eventually evolve.
manages the tank and meet with the soldiers as soon as possible.
defend your base with your life if necessary, manages your tank with skill and destroy the enemy, remember you have several ammunition.
Have fun playing this great game of tanks, where you have to park it in the right place. demonstrates the armed forces of the united state you're the best pilot tanks. remember you can not hit
play this peculiar game of transporting missiles. you have to transport military materials to their destination, otherwise you will lose the game. kill all the enemies who want inpedir you reach your destination
Our friend Mario has to save the princess and today has decided to ride his new tank. you have to shoot and destroy the enemies with your powerful cannon
in this mini game of war you have to protect your base from a devastating cannon where you have to kill all the enemies, earn money to buy upgrades
Play this exciting game of tanks war where a war between tanks and professional soldiers is disputed. leads the tank and kill all the enemies before they can kill you
play this game of military tanks where you have to drive a military tank and destroy all enemies before they can destroy you
In this game you have to defend your position from the many enemies who want to destroy your tower defense. kills multiple enemies from your defense tower, get money to buy upgrades and new weapons
play this great game of battles military tanks on the highway. Your mission is to run everything you can in search of your enemy destroys your enemy tank to the next level
zombies are invading the city and there are fewer human, your mission is to drive a tank to save American citizens zombie invasion
in this game of military tanks you have to dodge all kamikaze enemies coming to your tank. move very fast so you do not reach the enemy
protect the convoy with a powerful military tank destroying enemies and opening the way for the convoy reaches its destination without being destroyed by the militia
riding in the jeep and shoot all enemies in the desert avoiding all obstacles that prevent you continue
in this game of military tanks have to move around the battlefield dodging enemies and killing anyone gets in your way. your mission is to park the tank in the right place without damage
protect your island from military invasion, fighting tanks placed in strategic locations to cause more damage and prevent them from crossing the border. do not pass any tank!
drive this military tank and destroy all threats you think may hurt you. you have to reach the goal to reach the next level. can you beat all the levels?
military in the city with a purpose, tanks want to kill and destroy your beautiful city. ride your armored tank and destroy as many tanks as you can. how long can you survive?
run over, bust and annihilate all the zombies in the city mounted a military tank of the second world war. your goal is to escape the city healthy and safe
this is a game of matchups tanks can play in campaign mode or free duel. your mission is to destroy all enemies in each level before they can destroy all your tanks. who will win?
send all military crew has to fight in the battle zone where you`ll use all the military strategy to win the battle. the goal is to destroy the enemy base with the fewest casualties possible. good luck!
I have many more !!!, play it without limits, free Tanks Games, Select your page


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The Comedy In Fifty Shades of Grey
By Amy Nicholson
Wild Tales Lays Bare Everyone's Awfulness
By Stephanie Zacharek
Approaching the Elephant Is a Bracing Education Doc
By Calum Marsh
By Stephanie Zacharek
By Inkoo Kang
The Results of Our 2014 Film Critics' Poll
By Voice Film Critics
By Alan Scherstuhl
The Blue Room (La Chambre bleue)
By Alan Scherstuhl
The news business is the object of some satire, although given The Insider's own throat-clearing self-aggrandizement, the darts can rebound. "Excuse me gentlemen, Mr. Rather is complaining about his chair again," a CBS producer remarks-something that has surely never happened on one of Mann's sets. When Wallace tells Bergman that he doesn't intend to end his days "wandering in the wilderness of NPR," he couldn't possibly be speaking for the director.
**On the subject of posturing, it will be a remarkable year for cine-histrionics if anything tops Klaus Kinski's posthumous turn in Werner Herzog's My Best Fiend-a first-person doc assembled largely from footage taken in the course of the five features they made, being madmen together. Herzog introduces his alter ego on stage, in the lunatic midst of his ranting "Jesus tour," and reveals that, back in the '50s, Kinski briefly occupied the same Munich pension where 13-year-old Herzog lived with his mother and brothers. As anyone who has suffered through julien donkey-boy knows, Herzog is no mean performer-his account of the day Kinski trashed the house, locked himself in the toilet, and raved for 48 hours is not the last of My Best Fiend's fantastic tales.
The Insider
Directed by Michael Mann
Written by Mann and Eric Roth from the article by Marie Brenner
A Touchstone release
Opens November 5
My Best Fiend
Directed by Werner Herzog
A New Yorker Films release
At Film Forum
Through November 16
The first and greatest Herzog-Kinski collaboration, Aguirre, Wrath of God-shot under extreme conditions in the Amazon rain forest-provided momentum for the less- hallucinated features that followed, including its near-remake Fitzcarraldo (where the star's tantrums so rattled the Indian extras that, according to Herzog, they offered to kill Kinski for him). Coaxing a last vehicle from the late actor's outtakes, Herzog-who is only now beginning his first fiction film since working with Kinski on Cobra Verde in 1987-offers some evidence of Kinski's "great human warmth," somewhat more of his "rage of unimaginable proportions," and a good demonstration of Kinski's uncanny capacity to corkscrew his way into the frame. There is also a priceless scene of the frighteningly tanned and blond actor in diva mode, graciously swanning through the Telluride Film Festival to greet its insider-director, "Oh, so you're Tom Luddy."
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The Return of the Giant NYC Dance Club
By Steve Weinstein
July 4, 1976 Was a Ramones-less Weekend in NYC
By Bryan Bierman
LIVE REVIEW: Karen O at McKittrick Hotel
By Lindsey Rhoades
Remembering Dee Dee Ramone's Rap Album
By Chaz Kangas
Meet Lady Casa, America's Most Famous Raver
By Ben Westhoff and Sarah Purkrabek
Ridiculous Kanye West-isms, In Illustrated Form
By Jena Ardell
Casting Martin Scorsese's New Ramones Movie
By Jesse Sendejas Jr.
A Tour Around Ace Frehley's Bronx
By Katherine Turman
Fluff indeed: Bogged in reverb tanks, delays, and other swirly effects, Some Cities' production masks their slovenly musicianship as Goodwin grapples with poor self-esteem in "Almost Forgot Myself" and works hard to channel Lennon from the grave in "Shadows of Salford." "The Storm" is the piss on Thom Yorke's sheets after a hellish nightmare; "One of These Days" is not a Pink Floyd cover.
But they do get close to emulating Sir Roger Waters. In "Walk on Fire" (as in The Last Broadcast's "Satellites"), the trio bring in some soul backup divas to warm their corpse-cold tunes. (Listen closely, and maybe you'll hear.) Embarrassing not only in its attempt to employ urban voices to prove the album's hackneyed thesis about, well, how strange some cities (in this case, only Britannia's) can be, but because it reveals the Pink Floydian provincialism they admire.
Luckily, the Doves play their Mr. Blue Sky card on the second-to-last track. (The closer, titled "Ambition," is anything but ambitious.) On the demo-ish "Sky Starts Falling," guitars whirl into a Chicken Little-greets-Thurston Moore frenzy, the snare hacks through the mix like a frigid rain, and Goodwin sounds clear and focused, secure in his insecurity. All it took were two albums and nine tracks to successfully howl through the fog.
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A Hanukkah Invitation to Uganda
Catching up with Moses Sebagado
I recently received a message from Moses Sebagabo, the young lawyer and Jewish convert who appeared in my two-part dispatch from rural Uganda in the Spring of last year. At the time, Rabbi Gershom Sizomu—the leader of the Abayudaya, as the Jews of Uganda call themselves—was running for the parliamentary seat representing Bungokho North district. He lost, but the community carries on.
Sebagabo, who was born on the last day of Idi Amin's government and had been petitioning Israel for entry permission since 1999, was eager to let me know that he was in Jerusalem, at Yeshiva through the end of December thanks to a Masorti grant, and that he had been featured in an article in Haaretz. He writes:
As the chazzan at Namanyonyi synagogue in Mbale, Uganda, my goal since 1999 [after conversion] has been to become a better Jew so as my deeds and behavior can match my love and enthusiasm. To this end, I decided to improve my Jewish education on my own back in Uganda. However,I felt hindered by my lack of understanding of Hebrew and important components of Jewish law. I have been leading services in three languages (Luganda, English, and Hebrew) in the Synagogue and I have been worried that even good translations are not a substitute for biblical and rabbinic Hebrew.
While at the Conservative Yeshiva, I am having a great chance to diminish these deficits but also to create a new beginning in this long-term pursuit. I hope to take Jewish knowledge, skills, wonderful memories, and many new friends to my Namanyonyi Synagogue back in Uganda after the Yeshiva. I also hope that others will help me introduce distant learning to Namanyonyi Synagogue so that I can best share my experience with my synagogue: i.e, the wonders of the Jewish search for understanding.
He added: "I am inviting all those who support Abayudaya programs, all their friends and families, to visit our humble houses in Namanyonyi Mbale, Uganda even if we lack running water, light, and electricity because a more enduring light comes from the Jewish struggle to meet the standards of our predecessors and leaders."
For more on Sebagabo's background and how he found himself without a coat in winter in Jerusalem, read "Election."
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Tablet is committed to bringing you the best, smartest, most enlightening and entertaining reporting and writing on Jewish life, all free of charge. We take pride in our community of readers, and are thrilled that you choose to engage with us in a way that is both thoughtful and thought-provoking. But the Internet, for all of its wonders, poses challenges to civilized and constructive discussion, allowing vocal—and, often, anonymous—minorities to drag it down with invective (and worse). Starting today, then, we are asking people who'd like to post comments on the site to pay a nominal fee—less a paywall than a gesture of your own commitment to the cause of great conversation. All proceeds go to helping us bring you the ambitious journalism that brought you here in the first place.
Readers can still interact with us free of charge via Facebook, Twitter, and our other social media channels, or write to us at email@example.com. Each week, we'll select the best letters and publish them in a new letters to the editor feature on the Scroll.
We hope this new largely symbolic measure will help us create a more pleasant and cultivated environment for all of our readers, and, as always, we thank you deeply for your support.


text:
SON: Sony Corporation: Consolidated Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2013 UK Regulatory Announcement TOKYO Sony Corporation 1-7-1 Konan, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0075 Japan No. 13-055E 3:00 P.M. JST, May 9, 2013 Consolidated Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2013 Tokyo, May 9, 2013 -- Sony Corporation today announced its consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 (April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013). (Billions of yen, millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts) Fiscal year ended March 31 2012 2013 Change 2013^* in yen Sales and operating ¥6,493.2 ¥6,800.9 +4.7 % $72,349 revenue Operating income (67.3 ) 230.1 - 2,448 (loss) Income (loss) before (83.2 ) 245.7 - 2,614 income taxes Net income (loss) attributable to Sony (456.7 ) 43.0 - 458 Corporation's stockholders Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders per share of common stock: - Basic ¥(455.03 ) ¥42.80 - $0.46 - Diluted (455.03 ) 40.19 - 0.43 * U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from yen, for convenience only, at the rate of 94 yen = 1 U.S. dollar, the approximate Tokyo foreign exchange market rate as of March 31, 2013. All amounts are presented on the basis of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S. ("U.S. GAAP"). Sony realigned its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 to reflect modifications to its organizational structure as of April 1, 2012, primarily repositioning the operations of the previously reported Consumer Products & Services ("CPS"), Professional, Device & Solutions ("PDS") and Sony Mobile Communications ("Sony Mobile") segments. In connection with this realignment, the operations of the former CPS, PDS and Sony Mobile segments are reclassified in five newly established segments, namely the Imaging Products & Solutions ("IP&S"), Game, Mobile Products & Communications ("MP&C"), Home Entertainment & Sound ("HE&S") and Devices segments, as well as All Other. The previously reported Sony Mobile segment is now included in the MP&C segment as the Mobile Communications category. The network business previously included in the CPS segment and the medical business previously included in the PDS segment are now included in All Other. For further details regarding segment and category changes, see page 15. In connection with this realignment, both sales and operating revenue ("sales") and operating income (loss) of each segment in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012 have been restated to conform to the current fiscal year's presentation. The average foreign exchange rates during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013 are presented below. Fiscal year ended March 31 2012 2013 Change The average rate of yen 1 U.S. dollar ¥ 78.1 ¥ 83.1 6.1 % (yen depreciation) 1 Euro 107.5 107.2 0.3 (yen appreciation) Consolidated Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2013 Sales were 6,800.9 billion yen (72,349 million U.S. dollars), an increase of 4.7% compared to the previous fiscal year ("year-on-year"). This increase was primarily due to the impact of consolidating Sony Mobile Communications AB ("Sony Mobile", formerly known as Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB ("Sony Ericsson")) as a wholly-owned subsidiary, the favorable impact of foreign exchange rates and an increase in financial services revenue in the Financial Services segment. Partially offsetting the increase in sales was a decrease in unit sales of key electronics products and the negative impact resulting from the sales of the small- and medium-sized display business and the chemical products related business. On a constant currency basis, sales increased 2% year-on-year. For further details about sales on a constant currency basis, see Note on page 11. On a pro forma basis, had Sony Mobile been fully consolidated for the entire previous fiscal year, consolidated sales would have decreased approximately 2% year-on-year. Operating income of 230.1 billion yen (2,448 million U.S. dollars) was recorded, compared to an operating loss of 67.3 billion yen in the previous fiscal year. This significant improvement was primarily due to the recording of sale and remeasurement gains associated with the sale of assets undertaken as a part of Sony's efforts to transform its business portfolio and strengthen its financial structure, a decrease in losses from Televisions in accordance with the Television Profitability Improvement Plan, and an improvement in the operating results of the Devices segment, the Financial Services segment and the Pictures segment. Operating results of the MP&C segment, the Game segment and the IP&S segment deteriorated. A 102.3 billion yen remeasurement gain associated with obtaining control of Sony Mobile was recorded in the MP&C segment in the previous fiscal year. Included in the gains on sale of assets recorded in operating income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 were a 122.2 billion yen (1,300 million U.S. dollars) gain from the sale of certain shares of M3, Inc. ("M3") and the subsequent remeasurement of Sony's remaining interest in M3, formerly a consolidated subsidiary, in All Other, a 691 million U.S. dollar (65.5 billion yen) gain on the sale of Sony's U.S. headquarters building at 550 Madison Avenue in New York City ("Sony's U.S. headquarters building") and a 42.3 billion yen (450 million U.S. dollars) gain on the sale of the "Sony City Osaki" office building and premises ("Sony City Osaki") in Tokyo in Corporate and Elimination, and a 9.1 billion yen (97 million U.S. dollar) gain on the sale of the chemical products related business in the Devices segment. (For business segment information, please see F-6.) Restructuring charges, net, increased 22.7 billion yen year-on-year to 77.5 billion yen (824 million U.S. dollars). The charges in the current fiscal year were primarily related to restructuring initiatives in both the electronics businesses and Sony's headquarters. Operating results for the current fiscal year included a net benefit of 40.0 billion yen (425 million U.S. dollars) from insurance recoveries related to damages and losses incurred from the floods in Thailand (the "Floods"), which took place in the previous fiscal year. Equity in net loss of affiliated companies, recorded within operating income, decreased 114.7 billion yen year-on-year to 6.9 billion yen (74 million U.S. dollars). This improvement was primarily due to the absence of equity in net loss for S-LCD Corporation ("S-LCD") of 64.1 billion yen and equity in net loss for Sony Ericsson of 57.7 billion yen, which were both accounted for under the equity method in the previous fiscal year. The net effect of other income and expenses was income of 15.6 billion yen (166 million U.S. dollars) in the current fiscal year, compared to an expense of 15.9 billion yen in the previous fiscal year. This improvement was primarily due to an increase in gain on sale of securities investments partially offset by an increase in net foreign exchange loss. The sale of securities investments in the current fiscal year included a 40.9 billion yen (435 million U.S. dollars) gain on the sale of Sony's shares in DeNA Co., Ltd. ("DeNA"), which were sold in March 2013. Income before income taxes of 245.7 billion yen (2,614 million U.S. dollars) was recorded, compared to a loss of 83.2 billion yen recorded in the previous fiscal year. Income taxes: During the current fiscal year, Sony recorded 141.5 billion yen (1,506 million U.S. dollars) of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2012, Sony had established a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets for Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, the consolidated tax filing group in the U.S., and certain other subsidiaries. During the current fiscal year, certain of these tax filing groups and subsidiaries incurred losses, and as such Sony continued to not recognize the associated tax benefits. As a result, Sony's effective tax rate for the current fiscal year exceeded the Japanese statutory tax rate. Income tax expense decreased 173.7 billion yen as compared to the previous fiscal year, which was primarily due to a non-cash charge recorded in the previous fiscal year to establish a valuation allowance of 260.3 billion yen against certain deferred tax assets held by subsidiaries in the U.S., Japan and the U.K. Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders, which excludes net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, was 43.0 billion yen (458 million U.S. dollars) compared to a net loss of 456.7 billion yen in the previous fiscal year. To view the full announcement, paste the following link into your web browser: http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/financial/fr/12q4_sony.pdf Contact: Sony Corporation
SON: Sony Corporation: Consolidated Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2013
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Constitutional experts say the government's decision to segregate the file of senior advocate general Gopal Subramanium from those of three others whose names were together proposed by an apex court collegium for the position of Supreme Court judges compromises the judiciary and can be challenged.
Earlier this week Subramanium had written to the Chief Justice of India withdrawing his consent for appointment as a Supreme Court judge. He had alleged that the Modi government had segregated his file — something that is against the Constitution's framework and the apex court rulings. In his 8-page letter, he wrote: "I further understand that this segregation has been carried out without the file being sent back to the collegium for reconsideration... the aforesaid three appointments appear to be against the prescribed by the constitution and by Supreme Court in various pronouncements."
Constitutional expert PP Rao told dna: "If the government has not followed the procedure laid down by the Supreme Court, then this violation can be challenged but that is not going to serve the purpose. The government should consult the collegium before taking any step on its own over the names recommended by the Supreme Court collegium."
Senior Advocate Kamini Jaiswal said: "The independence of the judiciary has been compromised and the collegium should persuade Subramanium and resend his name to the government for consideration."


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Thanks to everyone who entered iPhone Life's Biweekly Weekend Giveaway! We received entries from 548 people in 23 different countries this week! WOW! And we gave away this one amazing accessory!
And the winners are... (drum roll please): Arnold K., Gregg F., and Peter W.
If you see your name but didn't receive an email, please check your spam folder.
Didn't Win This Week? No worries! Visit iphonelife.com/giveaways for the chance to win in the next giveaway round.
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