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Bakersfield DUI attorney Mark Joseph Madrigali pleaded not guilty to three felonies in Kern County Superior Court Friday in connection with the shooting of his wife.
Judge Michael Bush set bail at $2 million, nearly four times the $550,000 bail set at his booking at the downtown jail Wednesday.
Police were dispatched to the couple's home at 1220 Telegraph Ave. in northeast Bakersfield at 3:44 a.m. Wednesday and found Madrigali's wife, 51, inside the house suffering from a gunshot wound to her upper torso.
Kern Medical Center has not provided any updates on her condition since she was last said to be critical but stable following surgery Thursday.
Madrigali, 58, faces life in prison if convicted. He's charged with attempted murder, assault with a deadly weapon and infliction of corporal injury on a spouse, with enhancements for premeditation.
The suspect didn't speak except to correct the court's misspelling of his last name.
Outside court, Deputy District Attorney Gina Pearl said she asked for higher bail because of the serious nature of the alleged crimes and because Madrigali owns several firearms.
"We're concerned for public safety in this case," she said.
The weapon in the shooting was a shotgun, Pearl said.
Defense attorney Mark Anthony Raimondo said after the arraignment that his client had been generally quiet and remorseful since the incident.
Raimondo added that Madrigali was a friend he had known for several years and was a "well-respected attorney."
Raimondo said he hoped the public would "keep an open mind until all the facts come out."
Madrigali had a private practice as a defense attorney for driving under the influence charges and traffic tickets. He was disciplined by the state bar after he was convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol in 2008.
Madrigali's wife had sued for divorce last fall, citing irreconcilable differences, but the case lapsed.
The Californian has a policy not to name the victims of alleged spousal abuse.


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Hotels in 61041 - Hanover IL
Only hotels in 61041 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Hanover, IL for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 61041 hotels and motels so you can review the Hanover hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Jo Daviess county and area code 815 are also listed.
61041 Hotels/Motels & Accommodations
Next: Show All Available 61041 Hotels with Pricing >

subset: commoncrawl


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Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games / [Besieged 2 Infinite] Wont load
I initially had no loading, then I enabled the scripts on the page. Then I was stuck on loading profile. Seeing that there were still more scripts that got added via the enabled scripts, I re-enabled all scripts. Worked after that.
I've had this sort of problem with script-blocking on games that log me to an outside server, so the problem might lie on a blocked script or site off of Kong.


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Quick View
Young Manchego
Regular Price: $16.99/LB
Special Price: $11.99/LBYoung and spry Manchego- better for melting at three months than its aged counterpart, and more fun at parties; just add membrillo, marcona almonds, and a cask of Rioja. Read More
Quick View
Piave VecchioEver wish you could eat a pound of Parm, but find the hard, dry texture a challenge? Piave is the easy eatin' version, packing all that savory crystalline nuttiness within a smooth, sliceable paste. Grab a salami and you're all set. Read More
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Fontina FontalYoung, mild cheese seeks sandwich, pizza, or nourishing snack with anyone up for a good time. A little dense - but flexible, sweet and easygoing. Will stop the world to melt with you. Read More


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MIL-SPEC Products
Paints & Coatings
Lubricating Oils
Shell Engine Oil
Shell engine oil is designed to give you a cleaner car engine, a more responsive bike or a more reliable truck. Shell engine oil uses extensive oil-development knowledge into every aspect of the Shell formula – from the base-oil technology through to additive selection and blending.
If you have any questions, contact us at our toll free number 1-855-899-7467.
Click on product category below to see the products that are available


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Sounds of Shalom
Messianic and traditional Jewish music in english, ladino, hebrew and spanish
I pay to play this station for FREE to all listeners. Please erase all your cookies if you are prompted to sign in.
Worship Experience - Worshipping in Spirit and Truth
Spiritual Warfare to the MAX! Sermons and Original Music from Glory of Zion Int., Indie Artists
Scripture passages set to classical music || Sacred choral music || Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classic, Romantic, 20th Century || Christian church music quoting Bible || More information at BibleAsMusic.com
4th Playlist - Jesus Loves you!
Speaking the truth in love.
Proclaiming God's Truth in The Age of Deception
Vertical Christian songs and words of praise, worship, & exhaltation. Prophetic inspiration for edification and healing.
The inspirational music of Carolyn Short. From her studio, Carolyn plays five keyboards & creates music that speaks to the soul. Buy Carolyn's latest CD a collaboration with Mitra Kostamo called Soulflight - now available at CDbaby.com
Prasie and Worship
Sacred Hymns And Inspirational Songs That Honor The Lord Jesus Christ In Many Different Styles, From Classical To Bluegrass
jewish music for the new millenium - http://home.comcast.net/~radiofreeklezmer/


text: Home of the Sparrow serves single women, women who are expecting as well as women with children. Home of the Sparrow has the unique ability to serve women with teenage sons in our transitional shelters. At any given time, approximately 65% of Home of the Sparrow residents are children. The average rent for a two-bedroom apartment in McHenry County is $1015 a month. The average monthly income of families at entry into Home of the Sparrow is $77. The average monthly income at exit is $1450. Upcoming Events Date/Time Event 08/24/2015 10:00 am - 7:00 pm 10th Annual Charity Golf Outing Bull Valley Golf Club, Woodstock Il Donations are accepted during store hours. To schedule your FREE FURNITURE pickup, click on the box below


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Two RV factories have opened in the last two years, an electronics factory is under construction, a high-tech, precision machining firm is negotiating with Palmdale for land, and a computer company is said to be shopping around.
Antelope Valley's economic prospects, after a hard run in the early 1990s, appear to be looking up: Business executives are approaching valley officials to ask about moving in, following years of recruitment efforts by local leaders.
``There is a lot of interest. The need to solicit isn't as great,'' Palmdale Mayor Jim Ledford said. ``They are coming to us.''
An improving California economy and the creation in February of the Antelope Valley enterprise zone are among the reasons for the upswing, Lancaster Mayor Frank Roberts believes.
The enterprise zone, which covers most of the commercial and industrial land in Palmdale and Lancaster, provides tax credits for businesses that expand.
``The enterprise zone is helping. It's attracting people,'' Roberts said.
The enterprise zone was cited as one of the major reasons Senior Systems Technology Inc. decided to build a $6.5 million assembly plant in Palmdale. The 130,000-square-foot building in Palmdale's Trade and Commerce Center will employ as many as 500 workers.
Much of the new interest is centered in Palmdale, where city officials are negotiating with B&B Manufacturing Co. for 19 acres in the city's Trade and Commerce Center. The Valencia machinist shop wants to build a 300,000-square-foot plant which would employ up to 300 people.
Palmdale is also in talks with an unidentified, out-of-state computer company that is seeking 80 acres.
Lancaster officials say they get inquiries from warehouse and distribution businesses.
The city's first big catch is a $16 million, 432,000-square-foot warehouse - that's nearly 10 acres - for the Michael's craft store chain. The giant building is going up at Avenue H and 35th Street West.
``The Michael's has attracted - like a magnet - the warehouse-type businesses,'' Roberts said.
The retail sector is also active. Developers of the Antelope Valley Mall are negotiating to build a 150,000-square-foot Dillard's department store, which would become the center's first two-story building.
Palmdale officials have agreed to reimburse Dillard's up to $2 million for improvements made for the store. The money would come from sales tax generated by the store.
In November, the Palmdale City Council agreed to give New Century Entertainment Inc., of San Marcos, exclusive rights to negotiate to bring an entertainment center to Palmdale. The company has six months to bring back a proposal and line up tenants.
In Lancaster, Home Depot announced plans to build a 105,700-square-foot store near 20th Street West and Avenue J. The project is expected to bring 200 jobs.
In a report prepared for the Antelope Valley's economic leaders, Alfred Gobar and Associates, a Placentia firm, said the availability of large tracts of affordable land and a skilled and diversified work force are among the major attractions for new businesses coming to the High Desert.
``Antelope Valley's industrial market has been benefited by the capture of larger, nonaerospace companies, primarily manufacturing concerns,'' the report said. ``Antelope Valley's excellent proximity to major Southern California markets combined with its extremely diverse work force, ample supply of competitively priced land, liberal zoning practices, competitive rental rates, and numerous public sector/private sector benefits were key factors in the capture of new companies to this region.''
Antelope Valley economic leaders say there is a shortage of buildings available for new companies. Leaders are hoping prospective developers will step forward and begin constructing buildings on speculation.
For now, the region must concentrate on companies that have the financial capability of building their own plants. It is a narrow band of companies, Ledford said, but they are out there and they are showing an interest in the Antelope Valley.
``The possibilities are exciting,'' Ledford said.
Reader Opinion
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|Daily News (Los Angeles, CA)
|Dec 8, 1997
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N2 the Talking Cat Delivers Style Tips for Fashion-Forward Kitties
So here's something to distract you from that mountain of work on your desk.
We know lots of cats with YouTube channels, lots of cats with cartoon shows, and lots of cats with wardrobes more colorful than our own. We've seen lots of absurd things here. But we've never quite encountered a cat like N2, who not only "talks," but has his own album as well.
Despite frequent interruptions from his cat friend Kona, N2 demonstrates how to be preppy -- you know, just in case you were wondering (we know you were). According to N2, it all starts with your stance, or "stahnce" as N2 says (that's how you spell it in a faux-British accent, or something). Sit with your front paws shoulder width apart and your back nice and straight. A preppy stance elevates almost any outfit to a new level of sophistication.
Then N2 models a series of sweaters (complete with argyle pattern), a sporty fake fur-lined jacket, and even a tuxedo for eating out at fancy dinners. Kona attempts to assist N2, but, according to the discerning taste of N2, Kona more often fails to meet preppy standards. Kona doesn't really seem to care.
If you need more direction from N2, don't forget to check out his site here. And, yup, there's a Facebook page.
Photo vido N2's Facebook page


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Multicultural Books & Videos
MCBV is the marketplace for world languages. We feature budget-friendly World Language Sets in more than 30 world languages for adults and kids with a DVD option, too. MARC records and shipping included. Binding and shelf ready processing available.
Azuradisc, Inc.
Industrial Disc Repair Machines that consist of small desktops to fully automated machines repairing 240 discs/hour & a Mail in Disc Repair Service as little as $.75/disc. Go to http://www.azuradisc.com/site/moving_america.html to see us on National TV.
2 Companies with Results for "Hard Surface Flooring" MapList
|1 - 2 of 2
|1 - 2 of 2


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Articles Tagged 'Penny Arcade Expo Prime'
PAX Prime 2012: Welcome God of War: Ascension's New Villains – The Furies
By Dave Walsh - DigitalNoob
Posted on September 1, 2012 AT 01:54pm
Posted on September 1, 2012 AT 01:54pm
At PAX Prime 2012 the action never stops, except when it is late and it is time to sleep, then the action is simply on a pause screen. READ MORE
Hideo Kojima to Discuss Past, Present & Future of Metal Gear at this Year's PAX Prime
By DigitalNoob Staff
Posted on August 20, 2012 AT 12:09pm
Posted on August 20, 2012 AT 12:09pm
Konami have announced that at this year's Penny Arcade Expo Prime, Hideo Kojima will be attending to discuss the past, present and future of Metal Gear, one of the biggest franchises to exist in the medium of video games. READ MORE
Today's Top 10 Stories
An upcoming Witcher 3: Wild Hunt patch will lock the game at 30 frames per second on Xbox One
Partner Pages
Top Partner Stories
Until Dawn Announced For August 25th With New Trailer, Pre-Order Bonus Scene, And Screenshots
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Website Interface © 2012 EGM Digital Media, LLC.
Website Interface © 2012 EGM Digital Media, LLC.


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Great Barr hotels
Great Barr
Great Barr is large area located mostly within Birmingham in the West Midlands of England. Barr means "hill," and Great Barr takes its names from the nearby Barr Beacon on the edge of Walsall. Great Barr started out as a rural farming area that was part of Staffordshire, but was ceded to Birmingham in the 1920s. The area expanded after the World Wars, when it was connected to Birmingham via rail and motorway, turning it into a large residential area. Now the area is known for its beautiful houses, historic buildings, and pleasant green public spaces.
- Visit the Bishop Asbury Cottage, an 18th century house that was the boyhood home of Francis Asbury and is still decorated with period furnishings and memorabilia from the famous American Methodist Bishop.
- Stroll the tranquil grounds of Red House Park in Birmingham, where you can see the famous Great Barr monument as well as an obelisk erected in memory of Princess Charlotte.
- Take a boat trip down the Tame Valley Canal in Birmingham and get a unique perspective on the interesting homes that flank the canal on either side.
Birmingham is known as the hub of the British motorway network, so getting there and around is very easy using either private car or the city's public transportation. You can also use a combination of train and bus from the New Street station in Birmingham, where you can find direct transport to Great Barr. London is only 90 minutes from the New Street station, so it acts as the gateway to Birmingham and is one of the major travel hubs of the West Midlands. Great Barr is easy to traverse by bicycle, a great way to enjoy the green spaces.
- London hotels (783 hotels)
- Edinburgh hotels (133 hotels)
- Manchester hotels (92 hotels)
- Birmingham hotels (79 hotels)
- Glasgow hotels (66 hotels)
- West Drayton hotels (1 hotel)
- Brighton hotels (27 hotels)
- Liverpool hotels (55 hotels)
- Leeds hotels (34 hotels)
- Plymouth hotels (14 hotels)
119 hotels near Great Barr
1 Holiday Inn BIRMINGHAM M6, JCT.7
Chapel Lane,Great Barr Map
Offering beautiful accommodation and excellent meeting facilities, this property is an ideal place for both leisure and business travellers. GeneralThe hotel has 6 main conference rooms and 10... More
2 Great Barr Hotel
Pear Tree Drive, Newton Road Map
Featuring contemporary accommodations set in leafy suburb of Great Barr, The Great Barr Hotel makes for a convenient starting point for travellers in this side of United Kingdom. Patrons of this... More
3 Park Inn By Radisson Birmingham Walsall
Bescot Crescent Map
Park Inn by Radisson Birmingham Walsall Hotell is a simple, fresh and upbeat hotel, with comfortable, contemporary accommodation that is suitable for business and leisure travellers. GeneralDuring... More
4 Park Inn By Radisson Birmingham West, M5 J1
Birmingham Road Map
The Park Inn By Radisson Birmingham West M5 J1 Hotel has excellent transport links being situated just off the M5 Motorway and within five minutes of Dudley railway station. Birmingham city centre... More
5 Holiday Inn Express BIRMINGHAM - WALSALL
Tempus Ten, Tempus Drive Map
Experience the comfortable accommodation blended with a warm hospitality and unsurpassed service at the Express By Holiday Inn Walsall. GeneralThis inn also offers 4 well-appointed meeting rooms... More
6 Holiday Inn WALSALL M6, JCT.10
20 Wolverhampton Road West Map
The Holiday Inn Walsall M6 Jct.10has 156 modern bedrooms with 126 standard bedrooms'''' which are all spacious, en-suite, air conditioned and wi fi enabled along with a further 30 executive... More
7 Fairlawns Hotel and Spa
Little Aston Road Map
Presenting profuse luxuries and comfortable accommodation, the Fairlawns Classic Hotel and Spa is a perfect base for both the business and leisure travellers. GeneralFairlawns Classic Hotel and... More
8 Hotel Du Vin Birmingham
Church Street Map
Hotel Du Vin Birmingham is a modern hotel with sleek accommodations housed in a 19th century Victorian building that caters to discerning travellers visiting this side of the United Kingdom. Guests... More
9 Hampton by Hilton Birmingham City North
98 - 104 Constitution Hill Map
Whether in Birmingham for business or leisure, travellers find ideal base in the chic accommodations of centrally located Hampton By Hilton Hotel Birmingham City North. Tourists at this... More
10 BEST WESTERN Barons Court Hotel
Walsall Road Map
Conveniently located in Walsall just north of Birmingham and 10 minutes from the M6 Motorway, this hotel offers excellent facilities, great dining, free Wi-Fi and on-site parking. Having undergone... More
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Rome, Italy
My Rating
The last day trip scheduled for my family during our two week European trip was the Tuscany on One Day Tour. We loved it!!!! Our tour guide Anna was the best! She brought much enthusiasm to the tour and provided many interesting facts along the way. I only wish we took the tour at the beginning of the Rome portion of our trip because Anna provided a lot of useful tips (where to eat, etc.). The tour itself was great - we saw beautiful scenery, visited two historic towns and had a delicious meal / wine tasting at a local winery. Would definitely book this tour again.
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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
From the Publisher"If you want to shift from lecture-based learning (or lack of it) to participant-centered (with plenty of transfer), then 101 Ways to Make Training Active belongs in your library. Mel never fails to provide practical tools and strategies for making training come alive."
—Bob Pike, chairman and CEO, The Bob Pike Group and author, The Creative Training Techniques Handbook
"I can now retire my beat-up copy of Mel's original 101 Ways to Make Training Active that I have been using the last ten years. The second edition is even more practical. It retains the original brilliance and adds new and powerful activities. I am planning to buy two copies and keep one of them under lock and key."
—Sivasailam "Thiagi" Thiagarajan, resident mad scientist, The Thiagi Group and author, Design Your Own Games and Activities
"Wow! 101 Ways to Make Training Active has just gotten better! What a great new collection of creative and useful ways to make training active and improve learner retention. I can't wait to try them out."
—Jean Barbazette, president, The Training Clinic and author, Instant Case Studies
"Mel Silberman has done it again! With this second edition, he has polished to perfection his fabulous 101 Ways to Make Training Active. Sparkling with easy-to-read and easy-to-use ideas, this gem of a resource is a must-read for anyone in the training profession. You will use the wealth of material found in this book until its pages are flagged, dog-eared, and worn out."
—Sharon Bowman, author, The Ten-Minute Trainer: 150 Ways to Teach It Quick and Make It Stick
"We all know that learning by doing beats every other instructional method hands down. That's why this book is so important. It's packed with ideas for greatly improving learning effectiveness. A must resource for all trainers."
—Dave Meier, director, The Center for Accelerated Learning and author, The Accelerated Learning Handbook


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BETHESDA, Md. (WUSA9) --The Montgomery County police motor squads annual "Santa Ride" took St. Nick himself to sick children in Bethesda.
Santa traveled in a "Bearcat," an armored police tactical vehicle. Santa was escorted by Montgomery County police motor officers who brought gift bags and donations raised by the police department to a party for the children whose families are residents at the Children's Inn.
Read or Share this story: http://on.wusa9.com/K76b0Z


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NDHSAA administrates one division of gymnastics, held in our winter season. Gymnastics competition areas include: Vault; Bars; Beam; and Floor.
Important Dates:
|Rules Clinic (Online Only)
|November 3-24, 2014
|Opening Date
|November 17, 2014
|First Contest
|December 1, 2014
|Deadline Picture, Cutline, Roster, Schedule on NDHSAA Website
|December 8, 2014
|February 27-28, 2015
For questions regarding Gymnastics, please contact Justin Fletschock, NDHSAA Assistant Director
Updated 07/15/2014


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The U.S. Department of State (?DOS? or ?State Department?) has released instructions for the fiscal year 2010 Diversity Immigrant Visa Program (?DV-2010? or ?DV?), also known as the Green Card Lottery. The DV program provides a means for foreign nationals to become permanent residents of the United States (i.e., to acquire Green Cards)regardless of whether they have a family member or an employer willing to sponsor them. The State Department has made 55,000 permanent resident visas available to persons meeting the simple but strict eligibility requirements. Individuals who meet the eligibility requirements and submit an application during the appointed time will be entered into a lottery from which the 55,000 Green Card entries are selected. Please note that the 2009 DV program had 9.1 million applicants for 55,000 permanent resident visas.
Applications must be submitted electronically between noon EDT on Thursday, October 2, 2008 and noon EST on Monday, December 1, 2008. The electronic form must be submitted online. There is no fee.
Please see full alert for more details.
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© Mintz Levin - Immigration Law
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text:
Edward Boscawen
1 portrait
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Edward Boscawen
by Sir Joshua Reynolds
oil on canvas, circa 1755
30 in. x 25 in. (762 mm x 635 mm)
Purchased, 1980
Primary Collection
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Edward Boscawen (1711-1761), Admiral. Sitter in 9 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), Painter and first President of the Royal Academy. Artist associated with 1413 portraits, Sitter associated with 38 portraits.
Related worksback to top
- NPG 44: Edward Boscawen (after)
Linked publicationsback to top
- Saywell, David; Simon, Jacob, Complete Illustrated Catalogue, 2004, p. 67
Subjects & Themesback to top
See this portrait
On display on Floor 1: Lady Chesterfield's Dressing Room at Beningbrough Hall
Exhibitions and displays
- Favourites: Art and Power, 1600-1800
Until 1 September


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Extra Wide Half Ramp
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(4.6 out of 5, based on 14 reviews)
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Reader's Reviews (14)
Dog ramp
posted 6 years ago
we use these for our clients that we have done ACL repairs, broken bones, and just old dogs with arthritis. I LOVE THIS PRODUCT. No more lifting squirming, wiggling big dogs out of vehicles.
Pros: short ramp
Cons: not great for SUV's with tall back hatches
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Pink is my favorite color these are wonderful.I will recommend a good website fou you: www.9footballshirt.org
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June 28, 2013 | By Kittymom314
I introduced this food to my two cats, one is a senior at 13 years and the other is about 7 years. Both females. The 7 year old is a new addition, recently adopted :) Because of their age differenc… more ›


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DOTC to probe into video showing LTO chief in casino
MANILA—The Department of Transportation and Communications is to investigate a video posted on YouTube showing a person resembling Land Transportation Office chief Virginia Torres gambling at a casino.
Government officials are not allowed to play at casinos.
Transportation Secretary Joseph Abaya said in a text message Thursday his office was "carefully looking at things."
"DOTC to investigate and eventually render a report to Malacañang," Abaya said.
A 36-second clip titled "LTO Chief Casino Queen" was posted on video-sharing website YouTube on August 13.
The video, which was poorly taken, showed a woman resembling Torres sitting in front of a slot machine, with her feet resting at its base, while apparently manipulating the controls on its screen. Newer slot machine models have touch screen capabilities.
The casino was not identified.
Torres admitted to a television station that she was in a casino "way back" while having dinner with a friend. She said she was drawn by the slot machine's lights and sat in front of it and read the instructions but she did not play.
It was not clear if Torres was confirming she was the same person on the video.
Torres had yet to respond Wednesday to an Inquirer request for comment from her.
LTO spokesperson Jason Salvador said separately on Thursday that Torres had already addressed the issue.
Torres, reportedly a shooting buddy of President Aquino, was appointed to her current post at the LTO in July 2010.
Malacañang Memorandum Circular No. 8, which was issued in 2001, says "all government personnel concerned are prohibited from entering, staying and/or playing at gambling casinos."
Covered by the memorandum are "government officials connected directly with the operation of the government or any of its agencies, save personnel employed by the casinos who may be allowed to stay in the premises."
Gaming regulator Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp. was likewise told to strictly enforce the memorandum circular.
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1. Buy smartBefore buying a new or used vehicle (or even before renting a vehicle), check out EPA's Green Vehicle Guide and the jointly-run EPA/DOE Fuel Economy Guide. These resources provide information about the emissions and fuel economy performance of different vehicles. The Green Vehicle Guide provides detailed information on emissions (including Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas scores for each model) and the Fuel Economy Guide focuses on fuel efficiency (including side-by-side fuel economy comparisons and a customized fuel cost calculator). These Web sites are designed to help you choose the cleanest, most fuel-efficient vehicle that meets your needs. There are a wide range of cleaner, more fuel-efficient vehicles available on the market today that produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Drive smartMany factors affect the fuel economy of your car. To improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, go easy on the brakes and gas pedal, avoid hard accelerations, reduce time spent idling and unload unnecessary items in your trunk to reduce weight. If you have a removable roof rack and you are not using it, take it off to improve your fuel economy by as much as 5 percent. Use overdrive and cruise control on your car if you have those features. For more tips to improve your gas mileage, visit the Fuel Economy Guide.
3. Tune your rideA well-maintained car is more fuel-efficient, produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions and is more reliable and safer! Keep your car well tuned, follow the manufacturer's maintenance schedule and use the recommended grade of motor oil. More details, including potential savings from these actions, are available on the Fuel Economy Guide Web site.
4. Check your tiresCheck your tire pressure regularly. Under-inflation increases tire wear, reduces your fuel economy by up to 3 percent and leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions and releases of air pollutants. If you don't know the correct tire pressure for your vehicle, you can find it listed on the door to the glove compartment or on the driver's-side door pillar. More details on the Fuel Economy Guide Web site.
5. Give your car a breakUse public transportation, carpool or walk or bike whenever possible to avoid using your car. Leaving your car at home just two days a week will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 1,590 pounds per year. The American Public Transportation Association's Public Transportation Web site provides links to information about public transportation in your state.
6. Combine your tripsWhen running errands, combine trips. Several short trips taken while your car's engine is cold can use twice as much fuel and produce twice the amount of greenhouse gas emissions as a longer multipurpose trip covering the same distance when the engine is warm. More information and ideas are available on the Fuel Economy Guide Web site.
7. TelecommuteCheck out the Denver Council of Regional Governments' Ride Arrangers website to learn about commuting choices that can benefit the environment, reduce the stress of commuting, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save money. Also consider options to work from home via phone or over the Internet instead of holding face-to-face meetings that involve travel.
8. Use Alternative FuelsFind out if you own a Flex Fuel Vehicle (FFV). FFVs can be fueled with a fuel blend containing 85% ethanol or with traditional gasoline. Ethanol is produced from renewable crops such as corn and therefore using it as a fuel for your car can lower greenhouse gas emissions. There are approximately 5 million FFVs on the road today. To find out if you own one of them, go to the Alternative Fuels Data Center. The Department of Energy's Alternative Fueling Station Locator will help you locate alternative fuel stations in your area.


text: Gopher fans can listen to the University of Minnesota spring football game live on KFAN (100.3 FM) in the metro area Saturday. The broadcast is slated for 11 a.m., with kickoff of the Spring Game set for 11:06 a.m. The game will be picked up on select Gopher Radio Network affiliates across the state of Minnesota, as well. The Gopher Radio Network broadcast team of Mike Grimm, Darrell Thompson and Justin Gaard will describe all the action.


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Keurig Recalls Nearly 7 Million Coffee Makers Due to Burn Hazard
In light of multiple reports of burn-related injuries, Keurig has recalled nearly 7 million of its wildly popular single-cup brewing systems.
In light of multiple reports of burn-related injuries, Keurig has recalled nearly 7 million of its wildly popular single-cup brewing systems.
The Torani Bacon flavored syrup has arrived at Rock Creek Coffee Roasters and now their "Baconistas" begin experimentation to find the perfect blend of coffee, condiments and BACON! Two flavors discussed so far have been "Bacon Salted Caramel" and "Bacon Amaretto"
It's the most relatable Disney's Frozen parody out there. Watch a woman ask her fellow students, "Do you wanna go to Starbucks?" while we take our coffee break.
This morning I was walking downtown to get my iced mocha at the local independent coffee house on Broadway.
It's official - I am turning into a cranky old man. I am admitting it.
I was in Bozeman this weekend and as you can imagine several restaurants in the area had some mouthwatering Fathers Day breakfast specials. Peach Cream Cheese stuffed French toast caught my attention although I went for the Banana Bread French toast
Ever heard the expression "that and a dime will get you a cup of coffee"? Well, not that long ago a cup of coffee did cost a dime. (And you can still get a cup for well less than a dollar in many places.)
Of course, Starbucks began blowing the lid off the coffee price structure about 15 years ago. Now the average latte at the ubiquitous chain costs around four bucks. And if java lovers want a Grande-sized cup of Starbucks' newest coffee, Costa Rica Finca Palmilera, they will have to shell out $7.
Jerry Seinfeld is returning to the small screen or rather your computer screen. The former Seinfeld star has released a 1 minute test drive of his new web series called Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee
So it seems anything you eat or drink these days effects you somehow negatively. There is always some study, somewhere, from some doctor, saying how all is BAD for you. Well a new study finds that women who consume a little extra java have a better time keeping off depression.
A study released this week in Breast Cancer Research, found that there may be an association between drinking a lot of coffee and lower incidents of one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer


text:
Oh, there goes Rabbit, he choked, he's so mad but he won't
Give up that easy nope, he won't have it, he knows
His whole back's to these ropes, it don't matter, he's dope
from Eminem – Lose Yourself Lyrics on Genius
"Backs to these ropes" is another way of saying, "his back is against the wall", but this term is usually used for boxers. His usage of "dope" right after "ropes" may be another boxing reference, this one a play on Muhammad Ali's rope-a-dope strategy in the Rumble in the Jungle against George Foreman.
Eminem is a big sports fan who went on to reference the rope-a-dope move later in his career.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Eminem – Lose Yourself Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


text:
A controller for use with a guidewire, such as a vascular guidewire, provides a mechanism for gripping and applying a torque to the guidewire without the need to thread the guidewire axially through the controller and at a location close to a point of access of the guidewire. In one embodiment, the controller includes a side-access, multi-part assembly including a collett or other gripping element that applies a uniform radially inward force on the guidewire. In another embodiment, for use with guidewires having active electrically controllable elements, the controller integrally or removably incorporates a switch or other mechanism to initiate an energized state. The controller thereby permits, among other advantages, ergonomic, single-handed control of an electronically steerable guidewire, including axially displacing, torquing and steering the guidewire.
1. A controller for facilitating manual control of a guidewire, the controller comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis and an elongate aperture substantially along the longitudinal axis for receiving a length of the guidewire,
a cap; and
a collett sized to be axially received by the housing and having a first end for engagement with the housing and a second end for engagement with the cap;
and wherein
the housing has a leading end formed to receive the collet and, upon receipt of the collet, to apply a radially inward force on the collet, the housing being further formed to releasably engage the cap; and
the cap is formed to be releasably engaged by the housing and upon engagement by the housing, to apply a radially inward force on the collet.
2. The controller according to
3. The controller according to
4. The controller according to
5. The controller according to
6. The controller according to
7. A controller for facilitating manual control by a user of a guidewire having a steerable tip under electrical control, the controller comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis and an elongate aperture substantially along the longitudinal axis for receiving a length of the guidewire;
an engaging device coupled to the housing for selectably and releasably engaging the controller to the guidewire; and
a switch coupled to the housing and to an electrical circuit, such that, when activated by the user, the switch causes the flow of electricity to the steerable tip in order to deflect that tip; and
whereby the user may control axial displacement, rotation and deflection of the steerable tip using a single hand.
8. The controller according to
9. The controller according to
10. The controller according to
11. The controller according to
12. The controller according to
13. The controller according to
14. The method according to
This patent application claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. � 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 60/555,858, filed Mar. 24, 2004, and 60/632,580, filed Dec. 1, 2004, the contents of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates in general to the field of medical devices and, in particular, to devices for use in interventional and diagnostic access, manipulation within, and negotiation of, the vascular system.
The vascular field of medicine relates to the diagnosis, management and treatment of diseases affecting the arteries and veins. Even when healthy, the anatomy of these vessels is complex, with numerous divisions leading into progressively smaller branches. Development of disease within these vessels often complicates matters by altering their caliber, flexibility, and direction. The interior, or lumen, of a blood vessel may develop constrictions, known as stenoses, and at times may even be obstructed, as a result of the development of atherosclerotic plaques or by the occurrence of tears or lacerations in the vessel wall, known as dissections. These obstructions may complicate the vascular anatomy by leading to the formation of new collateral pathways that establish new routes around the obstructions in order to provide blood flow down-stream from the blockage.
In order to diagnose and treat vascular diseases, a physician may in many instances perform a diagnostic or interventional angiogram. An angiogram is a specialized form of X-ray imaging, requiring physical access into a vessel with some form of sheath, needle or guide in order to allow a contrast dye to be injected into the vasculature while X-rays are transmitted through the tissue to obtain an image. The contrast dye illuminates the interior of the vessels and allows the physician to observe the anatomy, as well as any narrowings, abnormalities or blockages within the vessels. At times, more selective angiograms are used to delineate a particular area of concern or disease with greater clarity. Access to these more selective areas often requires the insertion of guidewires and guide catheters into the vessels.
Vascular guidewires and guide catheters can be visualized from outside the body, even as they are manipulated through the body's vascular system, through the use of continuous low-dose fluoroscopy. The negotiation of the complex vascular anatomy, even when healthy, can be difficult, time consuming and frustrating. When narrowed or obstructed by disease, the vessels are even more difficult—and sometimes impossible—to negotiate.
Attempts to address and overcome the difficulty of negotiating vascular anatomy have led to various devices, primarily guidewires and guide catheters, for assisting physicians. The devices vary in shape, diameter and length. In order to negotiate the smaller blood vessels as well as to provide some standardization within the industry, for example, many catheterization systems are sized to cooperate with guidewire diameters of 0.035″ or less (0.018″ and 0.014″ being the next most common sizes).
The tips of these devices may be pre-formed into any of a variety of shapes to help negotiate obstacles or turns within the vasculature having particular geometries. For example, if the tip of a straight guidewire cannot be turned into the opening of a branch vessel, a guiding catheter with a tip having a 30 degree angle may be placed coaxially over the guidewire and used to point the tip of the wire into the appropriate orifice. Once the wire is in place, the catheter can be removed and the wire advanced further until the next obstacle is encountered at which time the guiding catheter is re-advanced into position.
A distinct disadvantage of these pre-formed devices is a need to constantly exchange and substitute different devices throughout the procedure. Changing of devices generally requires either that a catheter be withdrawn from the vasculature, while the collocated guidewire remains in position, and then be fully disengaged from the stationary guidewire; or, alternatively, that a guidewire be removed while the catheter remains in place, and substituted with a different guidewire. This exchange is not only time-consuming, but can also be dangerous: repetitive passage of these instruments within the vasculature can injure a vessel wall or release an embolic particle into the bloodstream that could lead to stroke, loss of limb, or even death. In an attempt to address and overcome these problems, catheters and guidewires have been developed to allow a practitioner to control, or at least to alter, the tip of the device in a more direct fashion. By means of an external control, the tip of the wire or catheter is turned, bent, flexed or curved.
Two types of approaches are currently used to impart the control of the wire/catheter tip: (1) direct mechanical linkage and (2) shape memory alloys (SMAs). The direct mechanical linkage approach employs actuators (e.g., wires, tubing, ribbons, etc.) that extend the full length of the guidewire/catheter. Manipulating the external, proximal portion of the control actuator, displaces the distal, internal portion of the wire. Specifically, the direct mechanical linkage can be disadvantageous in that, when it is activated to deflect a guidewire's tip, it can impart a stiffening, shape-altering, performance-limiting constraint on the guidewire as a whole, thereby limiting its functionality.
The SMA approach involves use of alloys that are typically of metals having a Nickel-Titanium component (e.g., Nitinol) that can be trained in the manufacturing process to assume certain shapes or configurations at specific temperatures. As the temperature of a shape memory alloy changes, the structure of the material changes between states and the shape is altered in a predetermined fashion. SMAs are used extensively in the medical field for a variety of purposes, e.g., stents, catheters, guidewires. Typically, the material is trained to assume a specific configuration on warming (e.g., stents) or to return to its predetermined shape after deformation.(e.g., Nitinol guidewires.).
If manufactured in a specific fashion, SMAs demonstrate a negative coefficient of thermal expansion when heated and can be trained to shorten a specified amount of linear distance. By passing an electric current through the material, the material's electrical resistance produces an increase in the material's temperature, causing it to shorten. Upon cooling, the alloy returns to its previous length. This characteristic of shape memory alloys has been used to impart a deflection or alteration in the tip of a guidewire or catheter.
One approach involves an outer sheath, an inner core and several nitinol actuators disposed concentrically about the inner core. These actuators are controlled via an electrical connection with the core wire and conducting wires traveling in parallel with the core itself. A controlling device is attached at the proximal (practitioner) end of the wire. By manipulating the controlling device, such as a joystick, the distal wire tip can be displaced in multiple directions. Another approach provides an end-mounted control device, at the proximal end, having a box shape.
Another approach involves an array of microcircuits that control two nitinol actuators that slide on an eccentric board with a low coefficient of friction. By altering the amount of actuator that is activated, a more or less bidirectional deflection can be imparted in the guidewire tip. As with the previous example, this device is also controlled by an end-mounted control device.
The apparatus, methods and systems according to the present invention, in their various aspects, address any of a range of problems associated with the manipulation of catheters and guidewires within vascular systems during invasive diagnostic or interventional radiologic procedures or in other fields requiring precisely controlled penetration of narrow passageways. Among other advantages, embodiments of the present invention provide controllers for variable control, steerable guidewires that may have one more of the following advantages: coaxial structure, over-the-wire catheter compatibility, remote controllability, variably deflectable tip, guidewire low profile, controllability by a detachable, side-entry, easily positioned, single-handedly manipulated, combination torque and guidewire tip control device, ergonomic controllability from a position adjacent to the point of entry into the vasculature (or other passageway being accessed), and economical manufacturability. Aspects of the present invention also encompass or facilitate a reduction, or minimization, of the number of guidewire or guide-catheter exchanges necessary to accomplish a designated task or procedure, yielding an advantage not only in terms of the saving of time and other resources, but more importantly in reducing trauma to the passageways in which the guidewire is deployed. The combination of guidewire and controller according to aspects of the present invention allow convenient side-entry and single-handed repositioning of the controller along the length of the guidewire to allow the practitioner to manipulate the guidewire tip at any location along the guidewire, including at or near the point of entry, thereby improving ergonomics, control, efficiency, and ultimately, for medical guidewires, patient safety.
When used in the field of interventional radiology, the apparatus, systems and methods according to the present invention provide a solution in the form of an economical, completely coaxial, variable tip, low-profile guidewire remotely controlled by a detachable, easily positioned, single-handedly manipulated, combination torque and guidewire tip control device (controller). This device, with which embodiments of the controller according the present invention may be used, overcomes shortcomings of prior vascular guidewire devices which lack the combination of a fully variable tip, a coaxial wire allowing compatibility with other devices, and a remote control system. Its dual utilization of the outer wrapped wire as a conducting element and structural support enables final low-profile design measurements that permit this system to be used with standard, currently available over-the-wire devices (e.g., stents, angioplasty balloons, and endo-grafts). The variable and controllable nature of the guidewire tip enhances the user's ability to manipulate the guidewire through difficult anatomy. Therefore, it minimizes the number of guidewire or catheter exchanges necessary to accomplish a designated task or procedure.
In one embodiment, a vascular guidewire and control system according to the present invention is a compact, coaxial, remotely and electrically controllable, variable tip guidewire that is fully exchangeable and compatible with most interventional catheter based devices.
A controller according to another aspect of the present invention provides a side-entry torque device compatible with the steerable guidewire according to the present invention, permitting single-handed repositioning of the controller along the guidewire, while reducing or minimizing trauma to the guidewire's electrical conducting wires. In addition to meeting criteria for the strength of the grip the controller applies to the guidewire, it offers several additional advantages. According to one aspect of the invention, the controller is provided with a switch that can be operated by the user to energize the steerable tip at the distal end of the guidewire to which the controller is affixed. This arrangement (among others according to the invention, discussed below), permits repositioning of the guidewire, by axial displacement, rotation and tip deflection, by the practitioner using a single hand. According to another aspect, the controller includes a fully detached collett adapted to engage with the body of the controller and a cap of the controller in order that the collett grip the guidewire with a uniform distribution of inwardly radial force. That is, the load each prong or face of the collett, of which there may be two or more, applies to the guidewire is uniformly distributed in a direction parallel to the axis of the guidewire, thereby reducing or minimizing the possibility of damage to the guidewire in the region where it is being gripped by the controller.
In an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the controller can easily be attached or detached and moved freely along the surface of the guidewire, which in turn allows a completely coaxial guidewire structure. In addition, the coaxial guidewire structure permits its unhindered use within existing types of catheters, sheaths and vessels. In other words, the guidewire can be made to be free of any permanent, designated attachment sites along its length. Thus, when the controller is removed, the guidewire has an unhindered, low-profile state with a uniform design diameter extending from the distal guidewire tip to the proximal guidewire end. The substantially uniform diameter guidewire configuration in an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention enables easy exchangeability with other guidewires and catheters, since catheters, sheaths, balloons or other devices can be readily slid over, or removed from, the guidewire.
In an embodiment of yet another aspect of the present invention, a controller, referred to above, comprises a combined torque and variable control device, which allows precise control of a guidewire tip, while retaining an ability to reposition and manipulate the guidewire in a mechanically advantageous position near the guidewire entry site into the sheath or catheter. As described above, the controller's easy attachment or removal at the closest possible point to the variable tip of the guidewire provides greater controllability of the tip. In an embodiment of the controller, permits flexible coupling of the controller to the guidewire, precise guidewire control, as well as a uniform diameter, purely coaxial guidewire system.
In an embodiment of a further aspect of the present invention, a guidewire controller comprises a guidewire torque control device combined with a switch, preferably of ergonomic design, for energizing the deflectable catheter tip. This combination permits the controller to be used to torque the guidewire, and to deflect or relax the guidewire tip, single-handedly. This combined configuration allows a precise manual guidewire control, aided by the tactile feedback of the distal guidewire tip, to help negotiate difficult anatomy or obstacles.
In an embodiment of yet another aspect of the present invention, a controller for facilitating manual control of a guidewire comprises a housing having a longitudinal axis and an elongate aperture substantially along the longitudinal axis for receiving a length of the guidewire, a cap, and a collett sized to be axially received by the housing and having a first end for engagement with the housing and a second end for engagement with the cap. The housing has a leading end formed to receive the collet and, upon receipt of the collet, to apply a radially inward force on the collet, the housing being further formed to releasably engage the cap. The cap is formed to be releasably engaged by the housing and upon engagement by the housing, to apply a radially inward force on the collet.
An embodiment of still another aspect of the present invention involves a controller for facilitating manual control by a user of a guidewire having a steerable tip under electrical control. The controller comprises a housing having a longitudinal axis and an elongate aperture substantially along the longitudinal axis for receiving a length of the guidewire. The controller also comprises an engaging device coupled to the housing for selectably and releasably engaging the controller to the guidewire and a switch coupled to the housing and to an electrical circuit, such that, when activated by the user, it causes the flow of electricity to the steerable tip in order to deflect that tip. Using the controller, the user may control axial displacement, rotation and deflection of the steerable tip using a single hand.
The various aspects of the present invention can be used in concert with guidewires, energizers, switches and according to methods that are the subject of co-pending applications entitled: Vascular Guidewire System, serial number to be determined; Energizer for Vascular Guidewire, serial number to be determined; and Method for Use of Vascular Guidewire, serial number to be determined; all filed on even date herewith, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In another aspect of the present invention, core wire 8 eventually tapers from a cross-section dimension that almost entirely fills the lumen of the outer wrapped wire 10 near the proximal end 6 of the wire to an appreciably smaller diameter as it progresses toward the distal end. Core wire 8, however, in this embodiment, may not necessarily extend to the most distal extent of the outer wrapped wire 10. Moreover, the full extent of the inner wire 8, its tapering characteristics and the selection of its composition can be varied to form embodiments exhibiting differing mechanical behavior at the tip of the guidewire 1, including but not limited to the magnitude and speed of deflection, stiffness, resiliency, and other characteristics. Some candidates for core wire 8 include, without limitation: NiTi based wires or steel musical wires with variable material characteristics of elasticity, resilience and ductility.
In an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, the outer wrapped wire 10 serves dual functions. First, it provides a support layer which happens to be on the exterior of the guidewire 1. In this capacity, it provides mechanical structure sufficient for the wire to provide pushability, torquability and flexibility for proper use. In this embodiment, the outer wrapped wire 10 is constructed of a single filament wire, capable of electrical conduction, yet insulated in a similar fashion to the inner core wire 8. In one embodiment, the filament is a 304v stainless steel filament with a paralyene or similar insulating coating. In another embodiment, the filament is an approximately 34 to 36 AWG tin or copper wire, with an enamel insulating cover. Other suitable filaments, with or without coatings, may also be appropriate.
When in a helical configuration according to one aspect of the present invention, the outer wrapped wire 10 forms a tubular structure having a hollow lumen arising from its being wrapped/coiled in a tight, uniform diameter, helical fashion. In one example, our wrapped wire 10 is sufficiently tightly coiled to possess a final maximal diameter less than or equal to about 0.035″. Other arrangements of the outer wrapped wire 10, whether modified helical or non-helical arrangements, or even if tubular, woven or of other outer surface layer configuration, are also possible and within the scope of the present invention. Regardless of the precise wrapping configuration, the outer wrapped wire 10 in one embodiment extends from the most distal extent of the guidewire almost to the proximal portion of the guidewire.
Secondly, the outer wrapped wire 10 in an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention serves as an electrical path (e.g., return) for the actuator 12. The outer wrapped wire 10 forms an electrical connection with the distal end of actuator 12 at the end cap 18 as described below. Being electrically insulated, as described above, outer wrapped wire 10 remains electrically separated from the actuator 12 and the inner core wire 8, preventing short circuiting. At or near a proximal attachment site 14 of actuator 12, described below, the insulation of the-outer wrapped wire 10 is selectively removed, exposing an electrically conductive portion of this wire 10. The outer surface of this insulation can be selectively removed in the manufacturing process by direct abrasion, chemical dissolution or other suitable process. The result of such process is an electrically conductive exposed surface, that nevertheless maintains electrical separation from any inner structures.
In another embodiment, the connection points of the actuator 12 could be reversed, such that the proximal attachment site 14 connects the outer wrapped wire 10 with the proximal end of actuator 12 while the distal end of actuator 12 is connected to the inner core wire 8. The described embodiment provides an actuator 12 that is straight when in a resting, unactuated state. This arrangement accommodates insertion and navigation of the guidewire 1 through the vasculature to a point where the sort of precise control enabled by the various aspects of the present invention can be deployed. In an alternative embodiment, not shown, that is also within the scope of the present invention, the actuator 12 could be in a non-straight or flexed condition when in a resting or non-energized state, and then return to a straightened position as the actuator 12 is energized by the user.
In another embodiment, shown in
In an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, referring again to
As seen in
In order to attach the controller 46 to the guidewire 1, the grasper swing door 28 is unlatched and placed in the open position. The controller 46 is then placed on the guidewire 1 by means of the side-entry feature provided by the slot 26. The slot 26 directs the guidewire 1 into the guidewire channel 22. The guidewire channel is formed proximal as well as distal to the grasper mechanism 32, ensuring that the guidewire 1 is adequately supported until the grasper swing door 28 is closed. When the user is satisfied with the location of the controller, the grasper swing door 28 is closed and latched by means of the latch 24. The guidewire 1 is now firmly grasped in position. When the user slides the switch 36 forward, the actuator is energized as described above. This energized state permits current to flow to, and through, the actuator 2, thereby imparting a deflection on the guidewire tip 2. The degree and ultimate configuration of the deflection depends on several factors, including: the duration of activation, power source characteristics, and design considerations of the guidewire tip 2 (e.g., the length and diameter of actuator 12 and length of inner core wire 8).
In an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, by rotating an attached controller 46, while simultaneously energizing the actuator 12 (by moving switch 36 in an ON position), the user can manipulate the guidewire tip 2 through the anatomy or past an area of disease. The same can be done with alternative embodiments, including such as are described below. When the slide switch 36 is returned to its off position, the actuator 12 is de-energized, allowing the guidewire tip 2 to return to its original position. This procedure can be repeated for thousands of cycles. The controller 46 can easily be repositioned on the guidewire 1 by releasing the latch 24, sliding the controller to the desired position and then re-latching the grasper swing door 28 (or as otherwise permitted by the particular mechanical design of the detachable controller, including one or more configurations described below). When it is not needed, the controller 46 can be removed entirely from the guidewire 1 without difficulty.
In an alternative embodiment illustrated in
Another aspect of the present invention concerns the profile of the distal tip of the actuator 12, which in an embodiment of this aspect of the present invention is tapered. A wide variety of profiles are possible, and may be selected among to arrive at configurations suitable for particular design criteria for the guidewire 1. The deflection characteristics of the distal end of the guidewire 1 can be altered by appropriate selection of the design parameters of the distal tapered portion of the inner core wire 8. See, for example,
A set of profile geometries that have been considered, but without limitation, are set forth in the table below. Included are two predominant cross-sectional shapes, oval and D-shaped (here, semicircular), with a listing of widths, heights (for the oval profiles), cross-sectional areas and lengths.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, an actuator tip having a D-shaped cross-sectional profile advantageously permits onset of curvature of the tip in a preselected direction. Actuator tips having an asymmetrical cross section have a preferential direction of curvature when subjected to axial loading upon energizing of the actuator. D-shaped or semicircular cross sections tend to initiate curvature consistently about the flat side of the D or semicircle. Among other advantages, a profile having this general configuration will tend to repeatedly curve in the same direction, so that a user that happens to be holding the guidewire 1 in a particular orientation need not "recalibrate" with each energizing of the actuator 2.
Many alternative embodiments of the actuator 2 are within the scope of the present invention. In one example, an actuator wire 12 according to the present invention makes use of a pulley-type of mechanism, whereby an end of the actuator 2 is attached to the inner core wire 8 as before. The insulated wire 12 is then looped around the distal end of the outerwrapped wire 10, rather than being fixed at that location. Insulated wire 12 is then run in parallel to itself and attached more proximally 54 to the outer wrapped wire 10, as shown. This arrangement enables a doubling effect of the actuator force as it shortens over a given distance. A greater degree of force can then be used to impart different configurations on the guidewire tip 2 than might be possible other embodiments of this aspect of the present invention.
In still another embodiment,
Yet another embodiment of various aspects of the present invention are shown in Figure additional and improved embodiment might be the following. As shown in the upper portion of
Another aspect of the present invention concerns an energizer and connection system 100 providing a mechanism for attaching the proximal portion of the guidewire 1 to a power source, the energizer 110. In order to obtain a completely coaxial system, the proximal portion or end of the guidewire 1 should preferably fall within design tolerances, e.g., diameter, for the remainder of the wire. This arrangement allows for therapeutic and diagnostic catheters and devices to be axially or coaxially mounted over the (free) proximal end and coaxially track over or ensheathe the guidewire 10. An embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, is shown in
An embodiment of another, related aspect of the present invention, a power source for activation of the guidewire 1 is shown in
In an embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, the connecting jack 120 of this system allows insertion of a length of the proximal end 17 and a proximal portion of the guidewire 1 so that an electrical connection can be made between the outer core wire 10 and the inner core wire 8. Other arrangements are also possible, including but not limited to a distinct connector element adapted to mate with jack 120, but should preferably have an external diameter not substantially greater than a maximal diameter of the guidewire 1. The power source or energizer 110 also provides a means to mechanically grasp and stabilize the proximal portion or end 17 of the guidewire 1 during use. In an embodiment of this engagement mechanism 112 according to the present invention, the mechanism is slidably operable with a thumb or finger to releasably engage the proximal end or tip of the guidewire. The power source or energizer 110 is light enough such that as the guidewire 1 is advanced, the power source or energizer 110 is easily pulled with the guidewire 1. Or, the guidewire 1 may be looped around the power source or energizer 110 to build slack into the guidewire 1 and reduce or minimize the necessary movement of the power source or energizer 110. The power source or energizer may be provided with a recess or slot 124, or other suitable mechanism, for receiving a portion of the guidewire 1 in order to enhance stability of the guidewire 1 during its use. The power source of energizer 110 may also be provided with a mechanism 114 (which as shown may, but need not, be on the engagement mechanism 112) for temporarily gripping the proximal portion or end of the guidewire. The connection jack 120 also allows 360 degrees rotation of the guidewire 1 within the power source or energizer 110 to allow the user, via controller 46 or 150, to torque the guidewire 1 without limitation. The mechanical connection may occur in a variety of means including through the use of an electrically conductive gripping spring, socket or latch. This jack 120 is electrically connected to the power source or energizer 110. Based on the anticipated power requirements, the power source or energizer 110 may be varied. In one embodiment, two wires exit the energizer 110 and are connected via wire(s) 122 to the switch, e.g., 26 or 160. When the switch 36 or 160 is closed, electrical current flows from the battery, e.g., 130, through wire(s) 122 and the switch, e.g., 160, to the guidewire 1 with the resultant activation of the distal tip.
In another embodiment, the switch 160 may be configured to be attachable to the controller 150. The switch 160 may be of circumferential geometry, with a slot provided along one side. This slot is sized to accommodate the side-entry ability of the controller 150. The switch 160 could be placed over the guidewire 1 and then advanced onto the back end of the controller 150, where it would lock into position on the controller 150. When the switch 160 is not necessary for use of the guidewire 1 during a particular procedure, the switch 160 can be removed from the controller 46 and be placed or stored elsewhere. This removability, in this embodiment, may permit greater versatility of use. In various embodiments, the switch 160 may, for example, incorporate a rubberized, bladder type switch with two near-circumferential contacts. This embodiment, shown in
In another embodiment of the switch 160, the switch 160 is not configured to be attachable to the controller 150. Rather, it is ergonomically designed to be separate from the controller 150 and held in the practitioner's hand in conjunction with, but separate from, the controller. This still allows single-handed control of the distal tip of the guidewire 1.
Another embodiment of the controller 150 according to the present invention is shown in
The second component of the controller 150 is a collet 400, shown in
A third component of the controller 150 is the cap 300, shown in FIGS. 5A, 7A-7C and 8A-8C. As shown in
The outer configuration of the shaft 200 incorporates a proximal tapered end that allows for advancement of the switch 160 from the back end and onto the controller 150. The switch 160 may snap into position (engaging with means 260) when desired.
An additional embodiment of the switch and connection system according to an aspect of the present invention may utilize a wireless system. In this wireless embodiment a transmitter within the switch is configured to transmit a signal to the power source or energizer 110 at the proximal end of the guidewire 1. When the power source or energizer 110 receives the signal, a circuit is closed within the power source or energizer 110, thereby allowing deflection to occur at the distal end of the guidewire 1. This wireless embodiment may incorporate a small scale wireless device, such as (but not limited to) a Zigbee or Bluetooth wireless protocol system, which permits the system to be implemented within the design constraints of the switch and connection system.
The various aspects of the present invention not only permit the use of a steerable or controllable guidewire having advantages over previous systems, but also allow the guidewire to be controlled at or near the point-of-access into the vasculature. It also enables on-the-wire control while leaving the proximal end of the guidewire 1 to be selectably and easily freed to permit coaxial loading of other interventional radiology devices on the guidewire 1 ( e.g., catheters, angioplasty balloons and other devices).
The various apparatuses and methods according to the present invention, and the principles that make them possible, may be applied in any fields requiring a steerable guidewire. Such fields include not only the vascular field of medicine, but also to additional medical fields including, but not limited to, urology, general surgery and gynecology. Furthermore, these principles could also be applied to areas outside the medical field, such as veterinary medicine, inspection, mining, telecommunications (e.g., conduit), water distribution, security, national defense, electrical, entertainment and other systems.
While the various aspects of the present invention have been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, persons skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The many details and specifics should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather as exemplifications, and the scope of the invention should be determined not by these illustrated embodiment(s), but rather by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
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text:
Minnesota sure did get the result(s) they needed so far tonight.
The Tigers laid an egg tonight at home. Detroit lost to Jake Peavy and the 'Sox 8-0.
Meanwhile, at the last regular season series ever in the Metrodome, the Twins are beating the Royals to a pulp 9-0 in the 4th. If not for the fact they have to go up against Greinke tomorrow night, they might be in real good shape to pull a miracle out these last few days. Simply winning the next two and getting one more Sox loss puts them in a one-game playoff in Minnesota on Monday.


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Up for sale in the Houston showroom is a rare super car with deep roots the 1999 Lotus Esprit. The Lotus Esprit is a... More
*HIGHLIGHTS:*1-owner, 288 miles, like-new condition throughout. Tech Pack, Premium Sport Pack, Reversing Camera, Gunmetal Forged Wheels, red piping/stitching, more. $92,705 original MSRP. 345hp/298lb-ft Supercharged... More
Selling my Caterham built Lotus Super 7. The car is Ca titled "2000 SPCNS" or specially constructed vehicle. The car has a CA BAR... More
Brighton Lotus is Proud to introduce the All New Lotus Evora 400! Available Now for Pre-order. The Lotus Evora 400 is the fastest Lotus road... More
To be auctioned on June 12, 2015 at Motostalgia's Indianapolis Brickyard Auction in Indianapolis, IN. For more information visit www.motostalgia.com. ... More
'80 Lotus Esprit S2, 1 of only 80 Hand built S2s ! Lotus Proprietary 912 aluminum 2.2 liter DOHC 16 valve inline 4 cylinder... More
2011 LOTUS EVORA 2+0 --Liquid Blue with Oyster leather interior and Charcoal carpeting, 6-speed manual gearbox, 7,500 original miles, 2-owners from new, Originally sold by... More
Motorcar Studio is pleased to offer this exceptional Lotus Eleven Westfield. This example is Westfield XI chassis number 49, manufactured in 1984 but assembled... More
This is a 1988 Lotus Turbo Esprit, one of 88 made that year. The car has only 4,200 miles and has been in the... More
The Lotus Elan Roadster made its debut in 1962 as a replacement to the beautiful but very fragile Elite. The Lotus Elan was a... More
1977 Lotus Esprit S1 - Extremely RARE car. One of the very few unrestored, unaltered, original, 1977 Lotus Esprit S1's in the country. This car... More
Racing Green with tan leather interior Excellent overall condition with 43,000 miles Turbocharged engine with 330 rear wheel horsepower on 13psi and 370 on 18psi. Aluminum engine... More
1997 Lotus Esprit S4, TwinTurbo. One of only 132 imported to US that year of the 367 total produced. This vehicle was originally ordered... More
New 2014 Lotus Evora S in Chrome Orange with Suede Tex interior. Brighton Motorsports is Arizona's Lotus headquarters! This Evora S is equipped as... More
(Listed as Lotus because Condors are SO RARE that Hemmings does not even have the make listed) Chassis number one of six or seven made.......an... More


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Self-Correlation Analysis of the Brightness Variability of
Symbiotic Stars: A Pilot Project
pdf ps
John R. Percy
Ashley Harrett
Department of Astronomy and
Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Mississauga ON, L5L 1 C6, Canada
Presented at the AAVSO Symposium on
Mira Stars, April 26, 2004; received December 21, 2004; accepted January 5, 2005
Abstract About one-third of pulsating red giants
show secondary periods which are an order of magnitude longer than the main
pulsation period. The causes of the long secondary periods (LSPs) are unknown,
but some may result from the effects of a binary companion. We have carried out
self-correlation analysis of EG And, AX Per, CH Cyg, CL Cyg, AG Peg, and Z And,
using both visual and photoelectric data. Five of the stars show variability
which is orbit related: the time scale is equal to the orbital period, or half
the orbital period. However, the pulsational variability, if any, is very low
amplitude, compared with normal red giants of the same spectral type.
Link to ADS abstract, article and citation information


text:
In our first nationally televised interview in Lima Peru, Jorge Gonzalez and Jim Killon raise awareness about illegal mining activities and how the contamination is seriously affecting the children and their families in the area it is occurring. Changes for New Hope will be bringing humanitarian aid to the children immediately and continue to raise awareness for their situation. Cecilia Valenzuela of Willax Television conducted the interview at their Lima studios. Ms.Valenzuela is considered one of the top journalists in Peru.
Upon our return to Huaraz, Cable Andino TV 's Rex Broekman interviewed Jorge and I about the issues we addressed in our Lima interview. We also shared the "Haz lo Correcto-Do the Right Thing" movement which has made such a positive impact among the children.
It's Been Five Great Years
October 20o9, After months of careful planning and consideration of what Changes for New Hope was to become, writing a plan and preparing for the launch of our project, I was told it would never work. "Many people have tried to do exactly what you are attempting, a project to help poor kids here in the Andes, they failed and went home broke, bitter and discouraged. Save yourself the pain, pack up, find a warm resort to hole up and learn to surf." But this was a long time vision I had and even though I didn't speak Spanish, never lived outside of Baltimore Maryland or understood the whole picture of what I was getting into, I took the leap. Fast forward to October 2014. After 2 chess tournaments, 3 museum art exhibitions, 1 published book about our adventure, a city-wide "Do the Right Thing" campaign, the support of several dozen volunteers, sponsors and supporters (And 2500+ friends on Facebook) and tons of fruit, games, toys, blankets, shoes and clothing, school materials, art supplies, books, vitamins, reading glasses and the like, literally hundreds of children that have been living in destitution and despair have found hope, love, encouragement and self esteem building experiences. After five great years, sometimes challenging, sometimes glorious, I feel like we are just getting started. Thank you all for your continuing support, love and encouragement throughout the years. ~~ Jim Killon
The Changes for New Hope Vision Statement
We will develop the lives of children from the inside out. From despair and destitution to hope and opportunities.
We Invite You To Feel Great About Something Very Special
Lego blocks, creativity and fun
Thank you for visiting our site at Changes for New Hope.
We hope that what you are about to experience here will make you smile and give you a warm feeling in your heart as we share our project with you. You will be amazed what love, dedication and tenacity has accomplished in just five short years.
We are proud of our ongoing accomplishments and the fine folk who support us, volunteer their time with us and have helped to make the lives of children who live in the Peruvian Andes, the indigenous folk, create better lives than they could ever imagine. We believe that every child deserves an opportunity for good health, stability and dignity. Wouldn't you agree?
If you read about us here, on Facebook, or Google us and decide that you would like to become a part of this team by supporting us with your time as a volunteer or as a sponsor, we welcome you to this adventure.
We feel that everyone has a hero inside of them. Our project is something that you can feel good about, care about and a very special way to share your own compassion.
Learn more, do more, be more !
If you are interested in volunteering, or if you would like to learn more about how you can help the children of Changes for New Hope, please contact us at email@example.com
Looking for our Blog articles? It is cleverly tucked away under the word More at the top of this page.
Mayor Hilbert had just one simple plea, "Help Us!"
Yesterday, April 23, 2015, we went to, what I was sure is the end of the earth, to a place called Pampas Chicos. 400+ children, struggling just to get by, many of them orphans cared for by various families in the villages. Reportedly 80% are suffering with anemia, most have parasites. The mayor Hilbert shared the situation with me and had just one simple plea,"Help us!" Guess what we are going to do? Help Them! I can not turn my back on such suffering of children and I will bet you can't either. Donate today by clicking on the "Donate" button a little farther down on this page.
UPDATE May 8, 2015
I just returned from the Pampas Chicos district visiting several dozen of children living at 4100 meters and feeling it. It was so cold you can see your breath all day everyday. The children's cheeks were reddened by the effects of the Sun through the thin mountain air and the gusty winds. Like with most children I encounter, malnutrition and anemia are rampant. We are coordinating a joint effort between the municipalities and Changes for New Hope to find and manage solutions here.
I'd love it if some of my friends here can grab a piece of this action and make a small contribution. Donate today by hitting the Donate button below, thank you very much.
That Crossfire Between your Head and Your Heart
You know, there are lots of us who want to do something to help make this a better world for the less fortunate. If we could, we would hop on a plane and go out there and touch the lives of poor children everywhere. How many times have you heard that? How many times have you said that yourself ? You know why you can't. Life commitments. The kids, the mortgage, school, the job. Life gets in the way. Maybe you can't be here yourself but you can do the next best thing. Send our children a post card with a message of hope and encouragement. You can donate to our cause. You can be part of what we are doing here in a meaningful way. If you always wanted to help make the world a better place, particularly poor children here in Peru, now is your opportunity. Learn more at firstname.lastname@example.com. Compassion in action. It works!
Get Ready for Some Big Changes
Our project is morphing. We will always be about these children living in desperation and despair here in the Peruvian Andes. However, the international community needs to understand that what happens here is equally as urgent as what is happening in their own backyards. With that said, we will be sharing what we hope will be apathy melting, inspiring and intriguing for you. Unlike a sitcom on TV that you simply watch, we want to include and involve you directly. Time to step through the looking glass Alice and join this adventure. You are going to love it.
The Amazing Breakthrough at Challhua
Yesterday, in Challhua, something great happened. I spend an hour going around the room of 30 children sharing why, after 5+ years I am still with them everyday. The incredible progress out of desperation mentality to focusing on their goals and visions for a bright future has become an amazement to their parents and community. This was a community that people told me I was wasting my time to even be there because. "Those kids are too far gone." I presented them with little gifts of gratitude provided by one of our wonderful supporters (thanks again Nancy!) They were grateful and proud of their own accomplishments.
Everyone who has helped to make this the very best day that I have experienced since the start of Changes for New Hope, I want to say thank you for believing in us, hugs to you and I only wish you were here to experience this with me. 30 kids went home yesterday fully aware of their self worth and inner value and were ready to share our core message Haz lo Correcto-Do the Right Thing far and wide.
Julian Lennon and the White Feather Foundation helps Changes for New Hope
There is a lot of excitement here with the news of the inbound vitamin shipment for 3000 children. Many who thought it was too good to be true have stopped calling me the "miracle man" and started preparing for a massive effort to arrest anemia, malnutrition and receive proper medicine against parasites. My passionate talks to communities in and around Huaraz explain that potatoes, rice and a piece of chicken at every meal is not enough to sustain life and health. In addition to the 93+% rate of parasite infestation, which devours the nutrition that the minimal food intake the children receive, it is easy to understand why learning disabilities, early childhood deaths and developmental deficiencies are common. And preventable.
I have dispelled the notion of being a "miracle man" and shared rather that I am an ordinary guy who has an extraordinary focus on the welfare and benefit of these Peruvian children living in the high Andes in some desperate conditions. Anyone can ignite their compassion into action and help the less fortunate throughout the world, just as Julian Lennon has done with the team at the White Feather Foundation. Perhaps what deters some from becoming part of our solution is that the despair that the children experience is far removed from the daily lives and thoughts of those who would otherwise become involved. Much of my writings and blogs address the blanket apathy that glazes over the hearts of people who feel that the world's problems are not theirs. If we can understand that we are all one humanity, one people, a single energy united in love and compassion, then what happens in Africa or Asia or here in Latin America is as real as if a cold and starving child was crying on your own doorstep. Would you do something to help or step past the child and go on about your day?
I arrived the other day at one of our childrens' groups in Ticipampa. 121 new children that are now part of our project of Changes for New Hope. I brought a duffel bag of materials, school supplies, vitamins, some learning games and art materials. I spoke to them in an auditorium about how we would be building self esteem, building opportunities and self development. In this remote outback, no one had ever tried to reach them before. Their parents could never send them to university, hardly able to provide them with adequate school materials. Lunches three times a week consists of rice and milk and a pack of crackers. They were destined to be the next generation of subsistence farmers living hand to mouth regardless of their eagerness to learn, grow and aspire into their dreams.
That is going to change now, as I explained about some very special people around the world. Hands went up, "Who is Julian Lennon, what is the White Feather Foundation? What is Changes for New Hope?" Faces melted from questioning apprehension to understanding and appreciation. Then a question came that I never get tired of hearing, "Why us?"
After 6 years, it still brings a lump in my throat as I share my answer to yet another group whose chances in life just changed for the better, a change for new hope, hence our project's name,
"Because you are worth it."
Do You Have A Vision?
A Goal is what you have. A Vision is what you are. Once you have melted your heart and soul into a project, only success and victory are acceptable. Changes for New Hope is our Vision. The children are pulling out of desperation and despair, and creating new hope and a life of opportunities. We believe that every child deserves an opportunity to begin life in health, dignity and well being. I am sure that you would agree. If you do not have a Vision in your life right now, you are more than welcome to join ours. We do not wish, dream for or simply hope for better things to come. We ignite passions, we inspire ourselves and others to envision success and develop it among our volunteers, partners and sponsors. As we create new lives working with the children, we observe our own lives changing and morphing into something powerful and positive. We see that what goes out from us does come back to us. Our Vision becomes our reality. Your participation with our project will enable you to apply the power of Vision to every other aspect of your life. Join us.
Cotaparaco and A Beautiful Group of Children
Yesterday (February 12, 2015) a team of us went with the mayor of Cotaparaco to meet with a new group of children. It was way...waaaay out there. Not at the end of the earth, but I could see it from there. A 3 hour pinball experience in a truck over rugged mountain "roads" we arrived to a great group of children and village folk. Magic, a talk about our Do the Right Thing program and some small gifts later we had a few dozen new friends. They are so remote that they can only survive by everyone working together as a community and they do it well. Very happy to be part of their community.
Our Fourth Art Exhibition Starts April 11, 2015 in Catac
Our project has been using art as an expression of our love and to share the plight of the children living in impoverishment and despair here in the Andes. Artwork by Jim and the children raises the self esteem and personal encouragement of the children as well as raising awareness internationally. We believe that apathy is humanity's most profound humiliation. The mayor of Catac has agreed to share our message, "Haz lo Correcto-Do the Right Thing" throughout Catac and have our fourth art exhibition presented in the auditorium of the municipality.
The Book
"A Gringo in Peru- A Story of Compassion in Action"
June 1 2013 was the launch of our first published e-book, (available on Lulu.com, Booktango.com, Kobobooks.com and Barnes and Noble) "A Gringo in Peru- A Story of Compassion in Action". Originally to be a children's storybook, it became clear that writing about the children of Changes for New Hope and our struggles, challenges and ultimate victories was a far more compelling story than writing stories for them.
"A Gringo in Peru-A Story of Compassion in Action" is the true account of one
man's journey from his American life, to foil a murder contract, and into the
Andean mountains of Peru where he created a project for poor children and
discovered what true wealth really was. The profound changes in his own life,
as his project for the children developed, gave him a depth of compassion and a
view of what is possible when the impossible is attempted. This is a must read
for anyone who has ever faced extraordinary challenges and who wanted to make
the world a better place.
Yes, it is on sale now and available for only $8.99 USD in e-book form. Proceeds will benefit the children of this project. You may also buy a spiral bound print and autographed copy, mailed to your door for $39.95. For these orders, please contact Jim Killon directly at email@example.com.
Get an inspiring book, help the children and feel great about it all at the same time. Download your copy today.
Just click on this link:
5000 Children are now receiving Vitamin A supplements
Vitamin Angels has provided enough Vitamin A to Changes for New Hope for 5000 children. Below is our first child, of thousands, to receive her dose of this life saving supplement which will help her to fight anemia, improve her vision, resist infections and help her growth development. Though she preferred candy, her vitamin A dosage will enhance her life so much more. Our gratitude to Vitamin Angels in California for their compassion in action. Also, a special thanks to everyone of the heroes who donated selflessly to make this initiative possible for 5000 children.
Team Alert!
The children have received your postcards and messages of hope and love. Thank you so much. It shows them that they are not alone in the world up here in the Peruvian Andes in a very special way. Donations are always appreciated but cash can not buy hope. Only your love can give that. Those who want to send a postcard and haven´t yet, it is easy.
You can mail them directly to us at
Jim Killon
Changes for New Hope
C/O Serpost
Huaraz Peru
Thanks again Team!


text:
Eye Candy From Margaux, This Week's Reviewed Restaurant
Hannah Palmer Egan eats at Margaux (5 West 8th Street, 212-321-0100) for this week's review, where, she writes, "You would look pretty in a booth."
All photos by Bradley Hawks
"The food," she continues, "is ruled by ideas: of taste (the kind you either have or have not) -- trendy, seasonal, well-sourced ingredients, nothing too strange; of health -- olive oil, not butter, is the reigning fat, crackers are gluten-free; and influence -- the menu slants broadly Mediterranean, from France to Italy to the Middle East and ever so occasionally to North Africa."
So how was it? Check out Bradley Hawks' photos, and then click over to the review and find out.
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