text: Al-Ankaboot - سورة العنكبوت - ( The Spider ) - Read Quran القران الكريم in English translation by Shakir Live Stream from Makkah and Madina | Quran Teacher New | Listen Quran Online | Read Quran Online in Uthmani Script | FREE Dictionary The Quran 1. Al-Fatiha [7]2. Al-Baqara [286]3. Aal-e-Imran [200]4. An-Nisa [176]5. Al-Maeda [120]6. Al-Anaam [165]7. Al-Araf [206]8. Al-Anfal [75]9. At-Taubah [129]10. Yunus [109]11. Hud [123]12. Yusuf [111]13. Ar-Rad [43]14. Ibrahim [52]15. Al-Hijr [99]16. An-Nahl [128]17. Al-Isra [111]18. Al-Kahf [110]19. Maryam [98]20. Taha [135]21. Al-Anbiya [112]22. Al-Hajj [78]23. Al-Mumenoon [118]24. An-Noor [64]25. Al-Furqan [77]26. Ash-Shuara [227]27. An-Naml [93]28. Al-Qasas [88]29. Al-Ankaboot [69]30. Ar-Room [60]31. Luqman [34]32. As-Sajda [30]33. Al-Ahzab [73]34. Saba [54]35. Fatir [45]36. Ya Seen [83]37. As-Saaffat [182]38. Sad [88]39. Az-Zumar [75]40. Ghafir [85]41. Fussilat [54]42. Ash-Shura [53]43. Az-Zukhruf [89]44. Ad-Dukhan [59]45. Al-Jathiya [37]46. Al-Ahqaf [35]47. Muhammad [38]48. Al-Fath [29]49. Al-Hujraat [18]50. Qaf [45]51. Adh-Dhariyat [60]52. At-tur [49]53. An-Najm [62]54. Al-Qamar [55]55. Ar-Rahman [78]56. Al-Waqia [96]57. Al-Hadid [29]58. Al-Mujadila [22]59. Al-Hashr [24]60. Al-Mumtahana [13]61. As-Saff [14]62. Al-Jumua [11]63. Al-Munafiqoon [11]64. At-Taghabun [18]65. At-Talaq [12]66. At-Tahrim [12]67. Al-Mulk [30]68. Al-Qalam [52]69. Al-Haaqqa [52]70. Al-Maarij [44]71. Nooh [28]72. Al-Jinn [28]73. Al-Muzzammil [20]74. Al-Muddathir [56]75. Al-Qiyama [40]76. Al-Insan [31]77. Al-Mursalat [50]78. An-Naba [40]79. An-Naziat [46]80. Abasa [42]81. At-Takwir [29]82. AL-Infitar [19]83. Al-Mutaffifin [36]84. Al-Inshiqaq [25]85. Al-Burooj [22]86. At-Tariq [17]87. Al-Ala [19]88. Al-Ghashiya [26]89. Al-Fajr [30]90. Al-Balad [20]91. Ash-Shams [15]92. Al-Lail [21]93. Ad-Dhuha [11]94. Al-Inshirah [8]95. At-Tin [8]96. Al-Alaq [19]97. Al-Qadr [5]98. Al-Bayyina [8]99. Al-Zalzala [8]100. Al-Adiyat [11]101. Al-Qaria [11]102. At-Takathur [8]103. Al-Asr [3]104. Al-Humaza [9]105. Al-fil [5]106. Quraish [4]107. Al-Maun [7]108. Al-Kauther [3]109. Al-Kafiroon [6]110. An-Nasr [3]111. Al-Masadd [5]112. Al-Ikhlas [4]113. Al-Falaq [5]114. An-Nas [6]in Arabic (simple script)Arabic (Uthmani style 1)Arabic (Uthmani style 2)Arabic imagesAbdullah Yusuf Ali - EnglishMuhammad Habib Shakir - EnglishMuhammad Pickthal - EnglishMohsin Khan - EnglishSaheeh International - EnglishTransliteration - EnglishUrdu (Ahmed Ali)Urdu (Jalandhry)Farsi (Hussain Ansarian)French (Muhammad Hamidullah)Spanish (Julio Cortes)IndonesianMalayGerman (Bubenheim & Elyas)Russian (Elmir Kuliev)Bosnian (Besim Korkut)Dutch (Dr. Salomo Keyzer)Italian (Hamza Roberto Piccardo)Portuguese (Prof. Samir El-Hayek)Arabic Tafsir (Jalal ad-Din)Arabic Tafsir (King Fahad Quran Complex) Show Arabic Text Show All Translations Al-Ankaboot | 69 verses | The Spider | Recitation | Topics | Uthmani Script | Tafsir | Words | Quran Teacher سورة العنكبوت Sura #29 | Makkah1Alif Lam Mim. 2Do men think that they will be left alone on saying, We believe, and not be tried? 3And certainly We tried those before them, so Allah will certainly know those who are true and He will certainly know the liars. 4Or do they who work evil think that they will escape Us? Evil is it that they judge! 5Whoever hopes to meet Allah, the term appointed by Allah will then most surely come; and He is the Hearing, the Knowing. 6And whoever strives hard, he strives only for his own soul; most surely Allah is Self-sufficient, above (need of) the worlds. 7And (as for) those who believe and do good, We will most certainly do away with their evil deeds and We will most certainly reward them the best of what they did. 8And We have enjoined on man goodness to his parents, and if they contend with you that you should associate (others) with Me, of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them, to Me is your return, so I will inform you of what you did. 9And (as for) those who believe and do good, We will most surely cause them to enter among the good. 10And among men is he who says: We believe in Allah; but when he is persecuted in (the way of) Allah he thinks the persecution of men to be as the chastisement of Allah; and if there come assistance from your Lord, they would most certainly say: Surely we were with you. What! is not Allah the best knower of what is in the breasts of mankind. 11And most certainly Allah will know those who believe and most certainly He will know the hypocrites. 12And those who disbelieve say to those who believe: Follow our path and we will bear your wrongs. And never shall they be the bearers of any of their wrongs; most surely they are liars. 13And most certainly they shall carry their own burdens, and other burdens with their own burdens, and most certainly they shall be questioned on the resurrection day as to what they forged. 14And certainly We sent Nuh to his people, so he remained among them a thousand years save fifty years. And the deluge overtook them, while they were unjust. 15So We delivered him and the inmates of the ark, and made it a sign to the nations. 16And (We sent) Ibrahim, when he said to his people: Serve Allah and be careful of (your duty to) Him; this is best for you, if you did but know: 17You only worship idols besides Allah and you create a lie surely they whom you serve besides Allah do not control for you any sustenance, therefore seek the sustenance from Allah and serve Him and be grateful to Him; to Him you shall be brought back. 18And if you reject (the truth), nations before you did indeed reject (the truth); and nothing is incumbent on the apostle but a plain delivering (of the message). 19What! do they not consider how Allah originates the creation, then reproduces it? Surely that is easy to Allah. 20Say: Travel in the earth and see how He makes the first creation, then Allah creates the latter creation; surely Allah has power over all things. 21He punishes whom He pleases and has mercy on whom He pleases, and to Him you shall be turned back. 22And you shall not escape in the earth nor in the heaven, and you have neither a protector nor a helper besides Allah. 23And (as to) those who disbelieve in the communications of Allah and His meeting, they have despaired of My mercy, and these it is that shall have a painful punishment. 24So naught was the answer of his people except that they said: Slay him or burn him; then Allah delivered him from the fire; most surely there are signs in this for a people who believe. 25And he said: You have only taken for yourselves idols besides Allah by way of friendship between you in this world's life, then on the resurrection day some of you shall deny others, and some of you shall curse others, and your abode is the fire, and you shall not have any helpers. 26And Lut believed in Him, and he said: I am fleeing to my Lord, surely He is the Mighty, the Wise. 27And We granted him Ishaq and Yaqoub, and caused the prophethood and the book to remain in his seed, and We gave him his reward in this world, and in the hereafter he will most surely be among the good. 28And (We sent) Lut when he said to his people: Most surely you are guilty of an indecency which none of the nations has ever done before you; 29What! do you come to the males and commit robbery on the highway, and you commit evil deeds in your assemblies? But nothing was the answer of his people except that they said: Bring on us Allah's punishment, if you are one of the truthful. 30He said: My Lord! help me against the mischievous people. 31And when Our apostles came to Ibrahim with the good news, they said: Surely we are going to destroy the people of this town, for its people are unjust. 32He said: Surely in it is Lut. They said: We know well who is in it; we shall certainly deliver him and his followers, except his wife; she shall be of those who remain behind. 33And when Our apostles came to Lut he was grieved on account of them, and he felt powerless (to protect) them; and they said: Fear not, nor grieve; surely we will deliver you and your followers, except your wife; she shall be of those who remain behind. 34Surely We will cause to come down upon the people of this town a punishment from heaven, because they transgressed. 35And certainly We have left a clear sign of it for a people who understand. 36And to Madyan (We sent) their brother Shuaib, so he said: O my people! serve Allah and fear the latter day and do not act corruptly in the land, making mischief. 37But they rejected him, so a severe earthquake overtook them, and they became motionless bodies in their abode. 38And (We destroyed) Ad and Samood, and from their dwellings (this) is apparent to you indeed; and the Shaitan made their deeds fair-seeming to them, so he kept them back from the path, though they were endowed with intelligence and skill, 39And (We destroyed) Qaroun and Firon and Haman; and certainly Musa came to them with clear arguments, but they behaved haughtily in the land; yet they could not outstrip (Us). 40So each We punished for his sin; of them was he on whom We sent down a violent storm, and of them was he whom the rumbling overtook, and of them was he whom We made to be swallowed up by the earth, and of them was he whom We drowned; and it did not beseem Allah that He should be unjust to them, but they were unjust to their own souls. 41The parable of those who take guardians besides Allah is as the parable of the spider that makes for itself a house; and most surely the frailest of the houses is the spider's house did they but know. 42Surely Allah knows whatever thing they call upon besides Him; and He is the Mighty, the Wise. 43And (as for) these examples, We set them forth for men, and none understand them but the learned. 44Allah created the heavens and the earth with truth; most surely there is a sign in this for the believers. 45Recite that which has been revealed to you of the Book and keep up prayer; surely prayer keeps (one) away from indecency and evil, and certainly the remembrance of Allah is the greatest, and Allah knows what you do. 46And do not dispute with the followers of the Book except by what is best, except those of them who act unjustly, and say: We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you, and our Allah and your Allah is One, and to Him do we submit. 47And thus have We revealed the Book to you. So those whom We have given the Book believe in it, and of these there are those who believe in it, and none deny Our communications except the unbelievers. 48And you did not recite before it any book, nor did you transcribe one with your right hand, for then could those who say untrue things have doubted. 49Nay! these are clear communications in the breasts of those who are granted knowledge; and none deny Our communications except the unjust. 50And they say: Why are not signs sent down upon him from his Lord? Say: The signs are only with Allah, and I am only a plain warner. 51Is it not enough for them that We have revealed to you the Book which is recited to them? Most surely there is mercy in this and a reminder for a people who believe. 52Say: Allah is sufficient as a witness between me and you; He knows what is in the heavens and the earth. And (as for) those who believe in the falsehood and disbelieve in Allah, these it is that are the losers. 53And they ask you to hasten on the chastisement; and had not a term been appointed, the chastisement would certainly have come to them; and most certainly it will come to them all of a sudden while they will not perceive. 54They ask you to hasten on the chastisement, and most surely hell encompasses the unbelievers; 55On the day when the chastisement shall cover them from above them, and from beneath their feet; and He shall say: Taste what you did. 56O My servants who believe! surely My earth is vast, therefore Me alone should you serve. 57Every soul must taste of death, then to Us you shall be brought back. 58And (as for) those who believe and do good, We will certainly give them abode in the high places in gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; how good the reward of the workers: 59Those who are patient, and on their Lord do they rely. 60And how many a living creature that does not carry its sustenance: Allah sustains it and yourselves; and He is the Hearing, the Knowing. 61And if you ask them, Who created the heavens and the earth and made the sun and the moon subservient, they will certainly say, Allah. Whence are they then turned away? 62Allah makes abundant the means of subsistence for whom He pleases of His servants, and straitens them for whom (He pleases) surely Allah is Cognizant of all things. 63And if you ask them Who is it that sends down water from the clouds, then gives life to the earth with it after its death, they will certainly say, Allah. Say: All praise is due to Allah. Nay, most of them do not understand. 64And this life of the world is nothing but a sport and a play; and as for the next abode, that most surely is the life-- did they but know! 65So when they ride in the ships they call upon Allah, being sincerely obedient to Him, but when He brings them safe to the land, lo! they associate others (with Him); 66Thus they become ungrateful for what We have given them, so that they may enjoy; but they shall soon know. 67Do they not see that We have made a sacred territory secure, while men are carried off by force from around them? Will they still believe in the falsehood and disbelieve in the favour of Allah? 68And who is more unjust than one who forges a lie against Allah, or gives the lie to the truth when it has come to him? Will not in hell be the abode of the unbelievers? 69And (as for) those who strive hard for Us, We will most certainly guide them in Our ways; and Allah is most surely with the doers of good. 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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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subset: commoncrawl


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A survey by Washington-based think tank, Pew Research, shows that BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi is more favoured than Rahul Gandhi in the upcoming Lok Sabha elections.
Pew interviewed 2,464 voters in India, between December 7 and January 12. According to the survey, more than 60% voters in India favour BJP, while less than 20% voters favour Congress.
"With the Indian parliamentary elections just weeks away, the Indian public, by a margin of more than three-to-one, would prefer the Hindu-nationalist opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to lead the next Indian government rather than the Indian National Congress (INC), which heads the current left-of-centre governing coalition," Pew Research said.
The survey also showed that less than a third of Indians are satisfied with the way things are today.
The survey shows BJP as the most popular party with Indians, with around 64% backing in rural India and 60% in urban areas.
Other parties have the support of 12% of the population.
The survey shows that BJP enjoys a major support in northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Delhi, with 74% people choosing the party over Congress or other parties.
Interestingly, the survey shows that the BJP has a meagre 54% backing in Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Modi's own state Gujarat.
According to the survey, around 60% voters opined that the BJP will be more successful than Congress in creating job opportunities, reducing terrorism and check corruption.
While only 17% said thought that Congress would fare better in dealing with corruption.


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Staff Reporter
HYDERABAD: State Governments have to take measures to ensure equal access to women in all fields for their empowerment, said Union Minister of State for Human Resources Development D. Purandareshwari here on Friday.
She was delivering her inaugural address at the UGC-sponsored National Seminar on `Role of women in national building - A multi dimensional perspective,' at St. Ann's College for Women, Mehdipatnam.
She said that despite statutory provisions and judicial interventions against gender bias and deprivation, there had been little change in ground realities for majority of women.
Raw deal
As per 2001 census, women constitute 48 per cent of the population, but their percentage in terms of education, labour participation, wage and earnings was poor despite Constitution-guaranteed rights. As per International Labour Organisation statistics, women constituted one-third of the labour force, but only earned a tenth of the total earnings and possessed only 1 per cent of assets.
Despite the odds, women broke gender barriers and entered into various fields on par with men, she observed.
She later felicitated women achievers from various fields, A.R. Anuradha, IG, Hyderabad Region; Shantha Sinha of Hyderabad Central University; Santha K. John of Mindset EYW; Ms. Nandita Das, actor and social activist, Tutu Taneja.
The seminar was organised in collaboration with Centre for Women Studies, Maulana Azad National Urdu University.


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Fluke, Ascanio end losing streaks
Updated: February 5, 2011, 10:08 PM ETBy Steve Andersen | Daily Racing Form
ARCADIA, Calif. -- Losing streaks ended emphatically for Fluke and his trainer Humberto Ascanio in the Grade 3, $100,000 Thunder Road Handicap at Santa Anita on Saturday.For the 6-year-old horse and his 63-year-old trainer, the win was their first since 2009. Fluke won the Grade 1 Citation Handicap at Hollywood Park in 2009 but was winless in three starts last year. Ascanio won the Grade 2 San Gabriel Handicap here in December 2009 but lost with his next 46 starters until Saturday. Ascanio ...
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Taiwan boosts airport amid China tourism boom
TAIPEI (AFP) - Taiwan, which is seeing a boom in tourism from China, will spend TW$463 billion (S$18.8 billion) on a new terminal and other facilities at its main airport, the government said on Wednesday.
In addition to a third terminal at the Taoyuan International Airport in the island's north, the surrounding area will get an aerospace industrial park and special zones for cargo and logistics, said the transportation ministry.
Taiwan, which relaxed controls on travel from China in 2008, received 1.78 million Chinese tourists last year, and calls have been mounting for better facilities to accommodate the growing inflow.
The new terminal, the centrepiece of the "Taoyuan Aerotropolis" project with a budget of TW$50 billion, is set to begin in 2014 and is expected to start operating in 2018, the ministry said.


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11 comments found
Nice job!
Just purchased and it is a great design! However, it doesn't have the necessary tags to use with email providers like "Campaign Monitor" or "Mail Chimp". It would be great if this came already coded with the proper tags! Until then this template isn't of use to me.See url for example of tags: http://www.campaignmonitor.com/create-templates/
Hi ihatch,
Thanks for purchasing my theme.
This theme is not available with "campaign monitor" tag. But this theme is friendly with all version of Outlook and user can edit this template easily and upload their own content and images.
As of now I am planning to update it and make it usable with campaign monitor.
Please drop me an email if you need further assistance.
Hi bluenila,
Any word on the compatibility with Mail Chimp, and tags? Would love to consider buying this theme, but I would need that.
Its too late. But finally Updated the template with both Mailchimp and Campaign Monitor ready tag.
Oh, and can a logo/image go where "Fine Dining" is?
yes,.. You can add any logo / images in place of fine dining.
wow! This one is really very good.
Thanks Fahim.
Bluenila, importing this template into campaign monitor failed. I don't think you have this coded right…
Hi Anchorwave,
Please download the updated file. It woks fine.
I am having trouble with the image file "date_brown.jpg". I need to remove the old date there, but am not having any success modifying the jpg or trying to isolate this element from the whole psd file. Are you able to send me just this .jpg with no text in it whatsoever?Thank you. firstname.lastname@example.com
Sending you the same. Please check.
This is the error message when I tried to upload it to campaign monitor: We've detected an Unsubscribe tag inside another link (ie. an tag). This will render the Unsubscribe link unusable, and can cause problems with your subscribers attempting to unsubscribe. Please place the Unsubscribe tag outside the link.


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Showing 251-260 of 1029
Shachi Irde, Executive Director, Catalyst India WRC, is quoted in this article about the wide gender pay gap in the Indian IT sector.
The Times of India
2013 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 is cited in this article aboout Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella's comment about women asking for promotions and raises.
The Augusta Chronicles, by Barbara Ortutay
Catalyst's Women in Gas, Mining & Oil in Australia, Canada, & the U.S. and Women in the Automotive Industry are cited in this piece about the entrance of women in Maine's commercial fishing industry.
Portland Press Herald, by Jennifer van Allen
Shachi Irde, Executive Director, Catalyst India WRC, shares tips on returning to the workplace after a break.
In this article about 2014 Catalyst Canada Honours' recognition of Bille Downe, Chief Executive Officer of BMO Financial Group and Chair of Catalyst Canada Advisory Board, Deborah Gillis, Catalyst President & CEO, and Alex Johnston, Executive Director, Catalyst Canada, are quoted.
TD Waterhouse Research
This piece about the 2014 Catalyst Canada Honours highlights the champions and quotes Alex Johnston, Executive Director, Catalyst Canada.
Market Wired
Isabelle Kürschner, Catalyst Europe Consultant Germanic Region, is quoted in this article summarizing an event about women in leadership.
Neue Presse, by Iris Kroon-Lottes
Stats from Catalyst's Women in Male-Dominated Industries and Occupations in U.S. and Canada are included in this post about adocumentary film, Hard Hatted Woman, which explores gender stereotypes in the workforce.
Huffington Post, by Nathalie Vassallo
This piece about the necessity of men to achieve gender equality for women mentions data from Catalyst's 2011 report, The Bottom Line: Corporate Performance and Women's Representation on Boards (2004-2008).
Huffington Post, by Susan Bulkeley Butler
Allyson Zimmermann, Senior Director, Catalyst Europe AG, writes about the dysfuntionality of unwritten rules at work, and why they should be avoided.
The Guardian, by Allyson Zimmerman


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Classical scrapie is a naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats characterized by cellular accumulation of abnormal isoforms of prion protein (PrPSc) in the central nervous system and the follicles of peripheral lymphoid tissues. Previous studies have shown that the whole blood and buffy coat blood fraction of scrapie infected sheep harbor prion infectivity. Although PrPSc has been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and more recently within a subpopulation of B lymphocytes, the infectivity status of these cells and plasma in sheep remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether circulating PBMCs, B lymphocytes and platelets from classical scrapie infected sheep harbor prion infectivity using a sheep bioassay.
Serial rectal mucosal biopsy and immunohistochemistry were used to detect preclinical infection in lambs transfused with whole blood or blood cell fractions from preclinical or clinical scrapie infected sheep. PrPSc immunolabeling was detected in antemortem rectal and postmortem lymphoid tissues from recipient lambs receiving PBMCs (15/15), CD72+ B lymphocytes (3/3), CD21+ B lymphocytes (3/3) or platelet-rich plasma (2/3) fractions. As expected, whole blood (11/13) and buffy coat (5/5) recipients showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles. However, at 549 days post-transfusion, PrPSc was not detected in rectal or other lymphoid tissues in three sheep receiving platelet-poor plasma fraction.
Prion infectivity was detected in circulating PBMCs, CD72+ pan B lymphocytes, the CD21+ subpopulation of B lymphocytes and platelet-rich plasma of classical scrapie infected sheep using a sheep bioassay. Combining platelets with B lymphocytes might enhance PrPSc detection levels in blood samples.
Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are unique, fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect a variety of species including sheep and goats (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), human (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD), mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy, TME), deer, elk and moose (chronic wasting disease, CWD). A characteristic feature of TSEs is the accumulation of an alternative conformational isoform (PrPSc) of the host-encoded normal prion protein (PrPc) in the central nervous system [1,2]. In classical ovine scrapie, deposition of PrPSc in the lymphoreticular system precedes accumulation in the central nervous system [3]. PrPSc is readily detected in this preclinical stage by biopsy of the lymphoid tissue in the nictitating membrane [4,5] or in the rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT; [6,7]).
The early and persistent presence of PrPSc in the lymph nodes in classical ovine scrapie, human variant CJD (vCJD), CWD and most rodent scrapie models suggests that prions are disseminated in the peripheral blood and/or lymphatics and that peripheral blood might be a suitable target for preclinical diagnostic testing. Prion infectivity in ovine blood was confirmed by transfusions of whole blood, buffy coat, red cell concentrates, plasma or platelets from donor sheep with experimental BSE or classical scrapie [8-11]. PrPSc was detected in PBMCs of 10 of 10 clinical scrapie infected sheep using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) [12] but in only 44 of 80 clinical scrapie infected sheep when using a conventional enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [13]. A recent ELISA-based study concluded that PrPSc was principally associated with a subpopulation of B lymphocytes in scrapie infected sheep [14]. Although PrPSc was detected in B lymphocytes in 11 of 11 clinical scrapie infected sheep, B lymphocytes from only three of five scrapie infected sheep at the preclinical stage were positive for PrPSc by ELISA. PrPSc has also been detected in plasma samples collected from both preclinical and clinical scrapie infected sheep but only after combining a novel surround optical fiber immunoassay (SOFIA) with limited PrPSc amplification by PMCA [15].
Although PrPSc has been detected in the blood of scrapie-infected sheep by enriching conventional ELISA-based assay with cellular fractions including PBMCs or B lymphocytes, the frequency of such detection was lower during the preclinical stage of the disease. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify blood fractions of sheep which harbor relatively high levels of prion infectivity, including during the preclinical stage of disease. The present study used a short-observation transfusion model in the natural host to determine if relatively high infectivity was present in the total PBMC population, a CD72+ pan B lymphocyte population, a CD21+ subpopulation of B lymphocytes and either platelet-rich or platelet-poor plasma isolated from the blood of classical scrapie-infected sheep. In addition, it was also determined if high infectivity could be demonstrated in both platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma during clinical disease. Such demonstrations should help guide further efforts toward improvement of ELISA-based scrapie detection sensitivity by pre-assay enrichment with relevant blood fractions.
Scrapie infectivity associates with blood components
(i) Whole blood transfused recipients develop preclinical scrapie
Whole blood was collected from three preclinical and three clinical scrapie infected donor sheep and different blood volumes were transfused to 13 recipients as shown in Table 1. Three of four PRNP MARQ/MVRQ recipients and all four MARQ/MARQ recipients became antemortem RAMALT positive for PrPSc between 123 to 235 days post transfusion (dpt) and 222 to 252 dpt, respectively (Table 1). None of these eight animals showed any signs of scrapie when they were euthanized at 236 to 267 dpt. IHC analysis of postmortem rectal and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of all eight animals showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Table 2 Figure 1A). PrPSc was undetectable in antemortem and postmortem rectal tissues and other lymphoid tissues of two MARQ/TARQ recipients (Tables 1 and 2). PrPSc labeling was also not detected in antemortem rectal biopsies of all three TARQ/MVRQ animals; however when necropsied rectal tissues of two animals and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of all three animals showed positive labeling for PrPSc (Table 2). Clinical signs were not observed in any of these three recipients and PrPSc was undetectable in brain tissues of all the animals.
Table 1. Sheep transfused with different blood components from scrapie infected sheep.
Table 2. Summary of PrPSc detection in multiple tissues from sheep transfused with different blood components from scrapie infected sheep.
Figure 1. Immunolabeling of PrPSc in the rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of recipient sheep transfused with different blood components. PrPSc immunolabeling (dark red) was visible in the RAMALT follicles of recipient sheep receiving either whole blood (A), buffy coat (B), PBMCs (C), CD72+ B lymphocytes (D), CD21+ B lymphocytes (E) or platelet-rich plasma (F) fractions but not after receiving a platelet-poor plasma (G) fraction when labeled with anti-prion mAbs. PrPSc immunolabeling was not observed in RAMALT follicles of scrapie negative (H) sheep or when using an isotype-matched control mAb (I; same tissue block shown in F). Scale bar = 50 μm.
(ii) Buffy coat transfused recipients develop preclinical scrapie
Buffy coat fraction was prepared from one clinical scrapie infected donor sheep and transfused to five recipients (Table 1). All three MARQ/MARQ buffy coat recipients became antemortem RAMALT biopsy positive for PrPSc between 239 to 549 dpt (Table 1 Figure 1B). Postmortem rectal tissues and retropharyngeal lymph nodes along with other lymphoid tissues of these three animals showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Table 2) although PrPSc was not detected in the brain tissues. Two of these three animals did not show clinical signs of scrapie when they were euthanized at 275 and 306 dpt. Clinical signs of scrapie developed in the remaining animal, which was euthanized at 1259 dpt. Brain tissue of this animal (ID 3832) was positive for PrPSc by both IHC and WB assays. One of two remaining buffy coat recipients with the MARQ/TARQ PRNP genotype became rectal biopsy positive for PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles at 757 dpt while PrPSc labeling was not detected from the remaining other animal at 1095 dpt. There were no clinical signs of scrapie in either of these two animals when euthanized at 1391 dpt (Table 1). Postmortem rectal tissues and retropharyngeal lymph nodes along with other lymphoid tissues of the RAMALT positive animal (ID 3819) showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles and the brain tissues by IHC (Table 2). Lymphoid follicles of retropharyngeal lymph nodes and ileocecal junction of the other animals (ID 3825) showed positive PrPSc labeling (Table 2).
(iii) Peripheral blood mononuclear cell transfused recipients develop preclinical scrapie
PBMCs were prepared from five preclinical scrapie infected donor sheep and transfused to 15 recipients (Table 1). Antemortem rectal biopsies from four of five MVRQ/MVRQ recipients (including three CD18+-labeled PBMC recipients) became positive for PrPSc labeling between 125 and 182 dpt (Table 1 Figure 1C). There were no clinical signs of scrapie in any of these animals. All five were euthanized between 181 and 646 dpt. Rectal tissues, retropharyngeal lymph nodes and most other lymphoid tissues of all five animals showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Tables 1 and 2). PrPSc labeling in brain tissues was only detected in one animal (ID 4302). Antemortem rectal biopsies of six of nine MARQ/MVRQ animals showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles between 153 and 214 dpt. Rectal tissues collected at necropsy from two of three previously RAMALT PrPSc undetectable animals remained undetectable for PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Table 2). Only the retropharyngeal lymph node of one recipient (ID 4305) showed positive PrPSc labeling while most of the other lymphoid tissues collected at necropsy from all the other eight animals showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles. Brain tissues of two animals necropsied at 646 dpt showed positive PrPSc labeling while PrPSc labeling was not detected in all the other animals. Antemortem rectal tissue of the remaining TARQ/MVRQ recipient was positive for PrPSc at 153 dpt. Rectal tissues, retropharyngeal lymph nodes and several other lymphoid tissues collected at necropsy from this animal showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Table 2). However, PrPSc was not undetected in the brain tissues.
(iv) B lymphocyte recipients develop preclinical scrapie
Since PBMCs from four donor animals were able to cause scrapie in recipient sheep, another preclinical scrapie infected sheep was selected as a blood donor to identify prion infectivity in B lymphocytes. As a control for the study, three recipients were transfused with CD18-labeled PBMCs and all the recipients in this group showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Table 1). Since MVRQ/MVRQ animals became PrPSc positive more quickly than other genotypes, six lambs with this genotype were selected for the B lymphocyte transfusion experiment. CD72+ B lymphocytes and CD21+ B lymphocytes were separated from PBMCs using a magnetic labeling procedure with 95% purity as assessed by flow cytometry (data not shown). IHC examination of antemortem rectal biopsies collected from all three CD72+ (Figure 1D) and two of three CD21+ (Figure 1E) B lymphocyte recipients showed positive PrPSc labeling between 125 and 152 dpt (Table 1). Rectal as well as all the other lymphoid tissues collected from both types of B lymphocyte recipients at necropsy showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles (Table 2). However, PrPSc was not detected from any of the brain tissues of all six animals.
(v) Platelet-rich plasma recipients develop preclinical scrapie
Platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma was prepared from two clinical scrapie infected donor sheep and transfused to six recipients. Three MARQ/MARQ lambs were transfused with platelet-rich plasma prepared from two clinical scrapie donors (Table 1). Antemortem rectal biopsies of two of three recipients showed positive PrPSc labeling between 218 and 288 dpt (Figure 1F). The three animals did not show any clinical signs of scrapie when they were euthanized at 357 or 554 dpt. PrPSc was detected in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and all the other lymphoid tissues examined in the two rectal biopsy positive animals, but PrPSc was not detected in the same tissues in the previously biopsy negative animal (Table 2). In addition, PrPSc remained undetectable in brain tissues from these animals. PrPSc was not detected in the tissues from the three recipients of platelet-poor plasma when euthanized at 549 dpt (Table 1 Table 2 Figure 1G).
Removal of exogenous and endogenous prion infectivity from red blood cell preparations of scrapie-infected hamster blood by leukoreduction filters resulted in significant reduction of scrapie infection in hamsters following transfusion [16]. Leukodepletion significantly reduced the risk of vCJD transmission in human following blood transfusion recipients as well [17,18]. However, a recent study by McCutcheon et al., (2011) revealed that leucoreduction did not prevent the BSE transmission to sheep following a single blood transfusion [11]. Detection of PrPSc labeling in the lymphoid tissues and development of clinical scrapie in whole blood and buffy coat transfusion recipients in this study as well as in previous studies [8-10] confirmed that prion infectivity is associated with blood from classical scrapie infected sheep. Although previous sheep blood transfusion studies used a relatively large volume of whole blood (400 - 500 mL), volumes of 50 - 135 mL whole blood from scrapie infected sheep were sufficient to transmit scrapie infection to the most recipients in this study. It is difficult to avoid the loss of PBMCs during density-gradient cell separation and MACS-based cell enrichment procedures (CD72+ and/or CD21+ B lymphocytes) due to the multiple washing steps involved and the inherent limitation to the cell-binding capacity of the columns. Therefore, it is possible that even much lower volumes of scrapie infected sheep blood might be sufficient to cause infection in sheep. Demonstration of prion infectivity in much smaller volumes of blood may be helpful in development of conventional blood-based diagnostic testing for scrapie in sheep.
We used standard IHC detection of PrPSc in tissues as a surrogate marker for transmission of infectivity to preclinical recipient sheep. Analysis of antemortem and postmortem lymphoid tissues in sheep receiving transfusion with the PBMC fractions were confirmed positive for PrPSc immunolabeling indicating that prion infectivity is associated with PBMC fraction of sheep blood. Previous studies showed PrPSc was detected from PBMCs [12,13] and a subpopulation of B lymphocytes [14]. CD72 has been identified as a pan B lymphocyte marker in sheep [19] and also in mice [20]. Approximately 50% of adult sheep B lymphocytes are positive for CD21 [19]. A significant proportion of peripheral lymphocytes recirculate continuously between the blood, the lymph and the tissues. The lymph nodes are the major site of exchange for recirculating lymphocytes between the blood and the lymph. The migration competent or recirculating B lymphocytes readily migrate into the lymphatic recirculation pathway due to the cell surface expression of CD21 and CD62L or L-selectin [19]. Therefore, we used anti-CD72 and anti-CD21 mAbs to isolate pan B lymphocytes and recirculating B lymphocytes from the PBMCs fraction, respectively. Transfusion of CD72+ B lymphocytes or CD21+ B lymphocytes from scrapie infected sheep resulted in PrPSc detection in lymphoid tissues of recipients. These results are consistent with PrPSc being detected in MHC class II DQ+, sIgM+, CD11b+, CD11c+ and CD21+/- B lymphocytes in sheep [14], and CD72+ B lymphocytes harboring infectious CWD prions in white-tailed deer [21].
The present study utilized a short observation period in the natural host as a model biased for quick detection of blood fractions having relatively high prion levels. The platelet-poor plasma fraction from scrapie infected sheep did not contain adequate levels of prion infectivity for detection in this model. Two of the three MARQ/MARQ lambs transfused with platelet rich plasma were positive by rectal biopsy 218 and 288 post-transfusion, approximately the same interval seen in MARQ/MARQ lambs transfused with whole blood (222-252 dpt, n = 4) or buffy coat cells (239-288 days, n = 2). CWD and BSE infectivity were associated with platelets or platelet-rich plasma pellets in white-tailed deer [21] and sheep [11], respectively. However, hamsters inoculated with platelets from scrapie infected hamsters did not develop scrapie [22]. The possibility exists that rodent models and ruminants have slightly different cells that contain infectivity or the processing of platelets could affect scrapie infectivity. Other studies have suggested that there is cell-free PrPSc in sheep plasma [15,22]. Passage of radioactively labeled, highly purified murine PrPSc through the mouse blood-brain barrier [23] and detection of PrPSc in sheep circumventricular organs that lack a blood-brain barrier [24] suggest the possibility of cell-free PrPSc in the blood. Detection of PrPSc by PMCA in hamster plasma samples devoid of platelets suggests the possibility of cell-free PrPSc in hamster plasma [25,26]. Similarly, vCJD infectivity in plasma components has been reported from human donors suggesting cell-free plasma can also carry infectious vCJD prions [27,28]. Given the similarity in pathogenesis between BSE and scrapie infection in sheep, one would expect similar outcome from both forms. However, a recent study by McCutcheon et al., (2011) with BSE-infected sheep revealed that platelet-poor plasma supernatant can also efficiently transmit prion infectivity to recipient lambs following a single blood transfusion [11]. The detection of preclinical scrapie in recipient lambs took 594 to 1089 dpt. The lack of PrPSc detection in lymphoid tissues of platelet-poor plasma recipients in our study could have been due to a lower prion titer in platelet-poor plasma samples and/or necropsy of animals at 550 dpt. Poisson distribution of particles in solution indicates a far greater number of recipient animals per group would have been necessary to distinguish sample fraction "titers". In contrast to sheep, hamster and human findings, recent studies in white-tailed deer and cervidized transgenic mouse revealed that CWD infectivity was not associated with platelet-poor plasma, but with platelets [21]. Although the presence of PrPSc in hamsters' plasma fraction is confirmed, prion infectivity in that fraction has not yet been reported.
Our previous study demonstrated that one nonsynonymous allele (T112) was associated with prolonged survival in MARQ/TARQ scrapie-exposed sheep compared to MARQ/MARQ sheep [29]. Although the focus of this study was to identify which blood components carry prion infectivity, four MARQ/TARQ and four TARQ/MVRQ animals were included to assess whether T112 polymorphism might delay PrPSc detection in RAMALT follicles following infection by transfusion. Lack of PrPSc labeling in RAMALT follicles of six of eight recipients confirms that T112 polymorphism delayed prion accumulation in sheep rectal lymphoid tissues. Although the number of animals used in this study was limited, the delay in PrPSc accumulation in RAMALT particularly in MARQ/TARQ animals needs to be considered when scrapie diagnosis is determined.
This study demonstrated that prion infectivity is associated with B lymphocytes and platelet-rich plasma of sheep with classical scrapie. Enrichment of platelets as well as B lymphocytes should enhance assay detection sensitivity for scrapie.
Blood donor and recipient sheep
All experimental protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Washington State University before onset of the study. All donor animals were naturally infected with scrapie and housed at a USDA ARS quarantine facility. Six preclinical (1 MARQ/MARQ, 5 MVRQ/MVRQ) and four clinical (2 MARQ/MARQ, 2 MARQ/MVRQ) scrapie animals were selected as blood donors. Eight of the donor sheep were born and raised in a persistently scrapie-infected flock at the USDA animal research unit at Pullman, WA and developed either preclinical or clinical scrapie. Donor 3774 was received from a privately owned scrapie-infected flock while 4125 was brought from a clean flock and developed preclinical scrapie at our research facility. These animals were mixed breeds of white face or black face sheep. The ages of the donor animals were in the range of 14 to 36 months at the time of blood collection. PrPSc was detected by IHC in brain and lymphoid tissues collected at necropsy from all the donor sheep (Figure 2). To further confirm PrPSc detection by IHC, two preclinical and four clinical donor brain tissues were selected for western blot study. Three PK-resistant bands corresponding to di-, mono- and un-glycosylated isoforms of PrPSc were detected with anti-prion mAb F99/97.6.1 [5] (data not shown). Serum samples collected from donor and recipient animals were negative for ovine progressive pneumonia virus antibody using a cELISA (data not shown). The PRNP genotypes of donor and recipient sheep were determined by sequencing of open reading frame of the PRNP gene [30]. Genotypes are shown by the deduced amino acid residues at positions 112, 136, 154 and 171 respectively. Sheep with PRNP genotypes encoding methionine (M) or threonine (T) at codon 112, alanine (A) or valine (V) at 136, arginine (R) at 154 and glutamine (Q) at 171 were selected for this study. PRNP genotypes and scrapie status of donor and recipient sheep are shown in Table 1. At approximately four-months of age, recipient lambs received from a scrapie negative flock at our facility, USDA ARS sheep experiment station at Dubois, ID, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID or privately owned farms were transferred to isolation buildings or outdoor pens with no direct contact with scrapie infected sheep. These lambs were mixed breed of white face or black face sheep.
Figure 2. Immunolabeling of PrPSc in the brains and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of scrapie infected donor sheep. Widespread immunolabeling of PrPSc (dark red) deposits was observed in the brains (A, B) and retropharyngeal lymph node follicles (D, E) of preclinical and clinical scrapie infected donor animals after labeling tissues with anti-prion mAbs, respectively. No PrPSc immunolabeling was observed in the brain from a sheep without scrapie labeled with the same anti-prion mAbs (C). Immunolabeling of retropharyngeal lymph nodes section from the same scrapie donor sheep (E) block labeled with isotype-matched control mAb (F) shows no non-specific labeling. Scale bars = 50 μm.
Isolation of blood components and transfusion
All the donor animals were physically restrained during the blood collection and no chemical sedatives were used. During blood transfusion, lambs were also physically restrained and blood or blood components were administered through jugular vein. Jugular venous blood samples from six preclinical and four clinical scrapie positive donor sheep were collected into evacuated containers (Baxter Healthcare Co., Deerfield, IL; 150 - 500 mL capacity) containing acid citrate dextrose as an anticoagulant. The volume of whole blood and the blood fractions derived from the starting volume of donor blood used for transfusion are shown in Table 1. Each animal received the indicated volume of blood or the cells isolated from the indicated volume of whole blood. Plasma from whole blood was initially separated by centrifugation (380 × g for 30 min) and was further centrifuged (1500 × g twice for 15 min each) to prepare platelet-poor plasma. Buffy coat cells collected from centrifuged blood samples were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Cellgro Inc., Manassas, VA) containing 2 mM EDTA (PBS-EDTA, pH 7.2). Erythrocytes were removed by a short incubation of the buffy coat in erythrocyte lysis solution (Qiagen Inc., Valence, CA) followed by two washes in PBS-EDTA. Thereafter, each buffy coat pellet was re-suspended in 10 mL normal saline and transfused into recipient lambs through the jugular vein. To separate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from polymorphonuclear cells, buffy coat suspensions were carefully layered onto Accu-Paque™ (Accurate Chemicals, Westbury, NY) density gradient solution (density - 1.088 g/mL; osmolarity - 350 mOsm) and centrifuged (380 × g for 30 min). PBMCs were collected from the plasma-Accu-Paque interface and any remaining erythrocytes were removed by incubation with erythrocyte lysis solution. PBMCs were washed twice with PBS-EDTA, resuspended in 10 mL normal saline and transfused into recipient lambs.
PBMCs collected from 450 mL of blood from donor sheep 4125 (Table 1) were further processed to enrich for B lymphocytes using a magnetic cell sorting system (MACS; Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). Briefly, PBMCs were resuspended in Hanks-balanced salt solution (HBSS; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing 2 mM EDTA and 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and divided into three tubes. Each tube was then incubated with either anti-CD72 (2-104, IgM, kindly provided by Dr. Young), anti-CD21 (BAQ15A, IgM; VMRD Inc., Pullman WA) or anti-CD18 (HUH82A, IgG2a; VMRD) murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for 30 min on ice. Cells in each tube were washed twice in HBSS and then incubated with rat anti-mouse IgM- or IgG2a-b- coupled magnetic microbeads (Miltenyi) for 15 min on ice. To determine the enrichment purity by flow cytometry, mAb-labeled cells were incubated with either FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgM or IgG2a for 5 min. CD72+ and CD21+ labeled B lymphocytes were separated from other PBMCs by passing through LS MACS columns (Miltenyi), washed, and resuspended in 10 mL normal saline. To assess whether magnetic labeling of cells interferes with cell circulation and prion development, PBMCs were labeled with anti-CD18, anti-IgG2a-b and FITC-IgG2a mAbs. These CD18-labeled PBMCs were not subjected to MACS columns enrichment and were used as a positive control for the study. Approximately 5 × 107 CD18-labeled PBMCs, 2 × 107 CD72+ B cells and 7 × 106 CD21+ B cells were isolated from the initial 50 mL of whole blood and transfused into lambs. Lambs (three animals per group) received CD72+ B cells, CD21+ B cells or CD18-labeled PBMCs. Whole blood, platelet and plasma recipients were held in the quarantine facility in pens with no access to other infected sheep or goats.
Scrapie diagnosis by immunohistochemistry and western blot assays
Antemortem diagnosis of scrapie was made by biopsy of the rectal mucosa and detection of PrPSc by IHC. Samples were collected from each recipient lamb as follows: MVRQ/MVRQ recipients: first biopsy at four months and monthly thereafter; MARQ/MVRQ or TARQ/MVRQ recipients: first biopsy at six months and one to two months thereafter; MARQ/MARQ or MARQ/TARQ recipients: first biopsy at eight months and nine, 15, 18, 25 and 36 months thereafter. Animals were euthanized by intravenous administration of a pentobarbital-based euthanasia solution (Vortech, Dearborn, MI) when most of the recipients in the same group became rectal biopsy positive for PrPSc (Table 1). Antemortem and postmortem rectal tissues, postmortem lymphoid tissues (retropharyngeal lymph nodes, palatine tonsils, spleen, ileo-cecal junction, ileo-cecal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes) and brains were fixed in formalin and processed according to standard procedures. Three μm sections mounted on treated glass slides (Superfrost®/Plus, Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA) were immunolabeled with a combination of mAbs F89/160.1.5 [31] and F99/97.6.1 [5] using an automated immunolabeler (Benchmark, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ), and counterstained with hematoxylin as previously described [32]. Positive and negative ovine lymphoid and brain tissues were used as run control samples. Immunolabeling intensity of the positive control tissue was equivalent for all runs and no labeling was observed in negative control tissues or in positive control tissues for which an isotype-matched mAb was substituted for the anti-PrP mAbs. Samples were considered positive for PrPSc if coarse dark red deposits were detected in the lymphoid follicles or in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve at the level of obex by using bright-field microscopy. Photomicrographs were taken with an Olympus BX40 microscope coupled with an Olympus Q-Color3 camera. Axiovision software was used for scaling and Adobe Photoshop Elements 5.0 for formatting. Brain tissue samples from two preclinical and all four clinical donor sheep collected at necropsy were selected for further analysis for PrPSc by western blot assays as described previously [32-34]. Briefly, proteinase K (50 μg/mL final concentration) was directly added into 100 μl 10% (w/v) brain homogenates and incubated at 50°C for 1 h. Ten microliters of homogenates were mixed with SDS-PAGE sample loading buffer and loaded onto a 12% Nu-PAGE Bis-Tris gel (Invitrogen). After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes, blocked with commercial casein blocker (Pierce, Rockford, IL) and incubated with primary mAb F99/97.6.1 followed by incubation with a horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary Ab (SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL). Bound antibody was detected by chemiluminescence (Amersham ECL™, GE healthcare, Piscataway, NJ). Membranes were exposed to radiographic films (KodakBioMax Chemiluminescence Films) and evaluated for di-, mono- and un-glycosylated PrPSc banding patterns. Positive and negative sheep brain homogenates and isotype-matched mAbs were used as controls for the assay.
Authors' contributions
KO and RD designed the experiments and analyzed the experimental data. RD prepared the manuscript. KO supervised the experiments and helped draft manuscript. DS performed the post mortem analysis and helped draft the manuscript. AY provide anti-CD72 mAb and helped draft manuscript. TT prepared the tissues, developed sections for immunolabeling and performed all the immunohistochemistry assays. DZ performed the western blot assays. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
This research was support by the funds from the USDA Agricultural Research Service under CRIS 5348-32000-026-00 D. We thank Drs. D.P. Knowles and L. (Herrmann) Hoesing (USDA, Pullman, WA) for reading the manuscript and providing helpful comments, L. Hamburg for her support during blood transfusion experiments, and D. Lesiak for PRNP genotyping of both donor and recipient sheep. We also thank L. Fuller, D. Chandler and J. Luft for care of the animals and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory personnel at the histology laboratory for use of their tissue processor. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
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Pan C, Baumgarth N, Parnes JR: CD72-deficient mice reveal nonredundant roles of CD72 in B cell development and activation.
Immunity 1999, 11(4):495-506. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Mathiason CK, Hayes-Klug J, Hays SA, Powers J, Osborn DA, Dahmes SJ, Miller KV, Warren RJ, Mason GL, Telling GC, et al.: B cells and platelets harbor prion infectivity in the blood of deer infected with chronic wasting disease.
J Virol 2010, 84(10):5097-5107. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Holada K, Vostal JG, Theisen PW, MacAuley C, Gregori L, Rohwer RG: Scrapie infectivity in hamster blood is not associated with platelets.
J Virol 2002, 76(9):4649-4650. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Banks WA, Niehoff ML, Adessi C, Soto C: Passage of murine scrapie prion protein across the mouse vascular blood-brain barrier.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004, 318(1):125-130. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Siso S, Jeffrey M, Gonzalez L: Neuroinvasion in sheep transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: the role of the haematogenous route.
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2009, 35(3):232-246. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Murayama Y, Yoshioka M, Okada H, Takata M, Yokoyama T, Mohri S: Urinary excretion and blood level of prions in scrapie-infected hamsters.
J Gen Virol 2007, 88(Pt 10):2890-2898. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Tsukui K, Takata M, Tadokoro K: A potential blood test for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies by detecting carbohydrate-dependent aggregates of PrPres-like proteins in scrapie-Infected hamster plasma.
Microbiol Immunol 2007, 51(12):1221-1231. PubMed Abstract
Hewitt P: vCJD and blood transfusion in the United Kingdom.
Transfus Clin Biol 2006, 13(5):312-316. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Lefrere JJ, Hewitt P: From mad cows to sensible blood transfusion: the risk of prion transmission by labile blood components in the United Kingdom and in France.
Transfusion 2009, 49(4):797-812. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Laegreid WW, Clawson ML, Heaton MP, Green BT, O'Rourke KI, Knowles DP: Scrapie resistance in ARQ sheep.
J Virol 2008, 82(20):10318-10320. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Baylis M, Goldmann W, Houston F, Cairns D, Chong A, Ross A, Smith A, Hunter N, McLean AR: Scrapie epidemic in a fully PrP-genotyped sheep flock.
J Gen Virol 2002, 83(Pt 11):2907-2914. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
O'Rourke KI, Baszler TV, Miller JM, Spraker TR, Sadler-Riggleman I, Knowles DP: Monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5 defines a conserved epitope on the ruminant prion protein.
J Clin Microbiol 1998, 36(6):1750-1755. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
O'Rourke KI, Zhuang D, Truscott TC, Yan H, Schneider DA: Sparse PrP(Sc) accumulation in the placentas of goats with naturally acquired scrapie.
BMC Vet Res 2011, 7:7. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Spraker TR, Balachandran A, Zhuang D, O'Rourke KI: Variable patterns of distribution of PrP(CWD) in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease.
Vet Rec 2004, 155(10):295-302. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Alverson J, O'Rourke KI, Baszler TV: PrPSc accumulation in fetal cotyledons of scrapie-resistant lambs is influenced by fetus location in the uterus.
J Gen Virol 2006, 87(Pt 4):1035-1041. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text


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250cc scooter w/sidecar?
Anyone got one? I want a step-through, automatic around town rig. Any pointers? Suggestions on scooters to use?
I'm handicapped and can't ride a regular scooter. I need a cheap way to get around town. I am very familiar with side cars. I'll carry my manual wheelchair with me on the rig.
Heres a Vespa with a side car.
Texas Side Car Co.
I had a Vespa P200E with a California Sidecar for quite a few years. It worked well but of course the Vespa was a manual transmission.
We had a Reflex Texas sidecar rig that was originally built for a handicapped person.
I can not compare it to any other scooter rig but I was VERY impressed with the Reflex for tug duty.
Its on road performance I found to be better than the ural rigs I have tried in acceleration and handling.
Never had issues keeping up with or ahead of all but the most determined traffic around town.
Cruised nice at 55, topped out around 65.
Unbelievably practical, great gas mileage, cheap to register and insure, low maintenance
Really like the Reflex rig. How do the Chinese copies hold up?
I have a sidecar. Any pictures of the mounts?
I would buy a used Reflex (or maybe helix) before I would buy ANY Chinese copy.
They are bullet proof and re-sellable.
Any premium you may pay you will recoup in either resale or over the life span of use.
The Texas rig mounts very simply using U-bolts to the 2 rails that run under the Reflex chassis.
It creates a quite strong box section.
Sorry I don't have any good pictures of it, this is the best I have.
That is a great looking rig, I wonder what I could do to the wee zuma I have!
125cc won't beat any records but it might be fun :D
Ogre, there is no toe-in to set? Are those arms just 1" square tube?
Most scooter sidecars are on vespa. As other have said Texas sidecars make them but wow 4 grand . I ve posted here about the duck which as side care build for a helix. The guys used an old 80 cc kids bike for the wheel and shock. Wield up a frame for it . Bolt under th Search the forum for more post of them. eg http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=647654 http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=649352 Also search for honda helix the duck sidecar. http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/.../message/25610 .
Lean out was also pre set.
They did a good job of it, the rig tracked very well with almost zero right hand pull.
They are square tubes, sorry I can't remember the size.
They had flat bar reinforcements inside them as well.
In India, and I've seen it also here in Turkey, they often use additional wheels on a Scooter for handicapped persons; but that won't help you much, as I think it will be a problem to find an importer. Also you can not put the wheelchair on it and the question of lean angle presents itself.
If you want, I could check with the turkish guys who built my and my buddies sidecars- 300$ (with simple freight boat) and it's really solid and the setup was good, too. (see "Winter ride" in my sig line)
The question is, if they make one for the scooter you want, and then the question of freight and customs in the US.
Send me a PM if you want me to check that out
Tugboat, have you spent any time at Scooter Sidecars? In my opinion that site would be about the first Port-of-Call for anyone seeking information about Scooters+Sidecars.
can be poured over.
Further to your inquiry-
3wheels.org is a site dedicated as being for "wheelies with a love of all things motorbike."
(In this context the word "wheelies" is used to denote folk who use, or are confined to, wheelchairs.)
Honda 125cc sidecar
From another site: Postie Bike Sidecar
just want to add that in 2006, when I was working in New Delhi, 2 old Hippies came to the Embassy with a Sidecar-Vespa (LML-Clone), asking for a recomendation letter for the Pakistani and Iranian Visa.
They had ridden up from south Indie - allready some way - and wanted to drive home to Austria.
They were a bit surprised when they were invited inside for some coffee; as a sort of thanks they wrote us an E-mail when they had really arrived in Austria.
So a scooter with a sidecar is capable of things.
You mean like this?
I shattered my right shoulder during a race at Sears Point, and after the surgical reconstruction it was in an immobilizing splint on my right side. Looking at six weeks before the splint would even come off I bought a Helix 250 and the Armec Tremolino rig painted in the Honda red to match the Helix.
Assembly was straight forward. Bracket assembly clamped (think triple clamp) to the bottom of the two frame tubes in four spots. The sidecar frame then slid into this bracket assembly and was held in place by two large hex cap bolts on the left side of the bracket. No brake on the rig wheel, and simple torsion bar suspension.
Since I had no use of my right arm for a while I stripped the housing off of the stock helix 'bars' installed the throttle assembly on the left grip, and flipped the cables at the carb. I dropped on a clutch master cylinder from a Superhawk and used it to work the front brake.
The rig was super light, and would cruise 70 on the highway comfortably all day long. The only problem I ever had with it was shattering a rear rim with lateral loads railing around the twisties up in the Santa Cruz Mtns. A problem easily and inexpensively solved replacing the cast rear rim with an older used stamped steel rim.
Best thing about it was once my shoulder was healed and I flipped the controls back over to the right grip... I could hop in the tub and bomb around driving from the hack with nobody riding the Helix. I even eventually learned how to fly it while sitting in the tub.
It was a beautiful rig, and my first sidecar. I do miss it... but I sold it to a fellow club member when he shattered his femur.
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Buonasera Ristorante
2145 South US Highway 1, Jupiter, FL 33477Map
+1 561 744 0543
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Neighborhood: Central & South Palm Beach County
Cuisine: Italian
Buonasera Ristorante is a great restaurant, where one can enjoy the sublime taste of Italy in Jupiter. The restaurant which means "Good evening" in Italian, serves an array of Italian dishes. Whether your taste buds long for pasta, lasagna, risotto or just good old pizza, you will get it all at Buonasera. Apart from the great food, the place also serves a variety of fantastic wines, such as California Fume' Blanc, California Sauvignon Blanc, Laurent Perrier, Sergio Mionetto among many others.
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Jupiter Ocean & Racquet Club
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TRICON® technology in 29er size for your home trail or the trans rockies. The tubeless rim, open crowfoot lacing and precision bearings work together for perfect acceleration and stiffness.
Buy DT Swiss XM 1550 Tricon 29er Front Wheel from Chain Reaction Cycles, the world's largest online bicycle store.
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NOVA special on astrobiology… airs TONIGHT!
There will be a NOVA special on the search for life in the universe……. TONIGHT! Lots of great people on this, including Steve Squyres, Chris McKay, Geoff Marcy, and Jennifer Eigenbrode (a fellow PSU geosciences alum). I can't wait to see this. Set your DVR's for 9 PM EST/8 PM CST. Here's a preview to get you pumped…
AbSciCon2012 Proposals Due… SATURDAY!
To the non-scientists reading this blog… apologies for the brief "inside-the-synchrotron" interlude. To my colleagues… get your butts in gear! Session proposals for AbSciCon 2012 are due this week. Because we work in an interdisciplinary field, it is imperative that our meetings be organized from the ground up. Thus, it's up to us to make sure the topics we want to discuss are covered at the meeting. Here's the blurb on the website on this:
Astrobiology is an inherently interdisciplinary endeavor. Given all the wide variety of disciplinary tools and topics to be presented at the meeting,
News Flash: Venus is NOT Duller than Dirt!
A news story showcasing new observations of surprising changes in the upper atmosphere of Venus has been all over the place this week.
I always like seeing my second favorite planet getting some media love. The press release was nicely written, putting the new findings in the context of changing historical ideas about the Venusian atmosphere. But the headline (which is all that, oh I don't know maybe 99 %? of readers ever see) really bugged me. Widely blasted around the web, it read: "Venus Weather Not Boring After All, NASA/International Study Shows"
Now doesn't this seem


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Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me!
6:07 pm
Fri October 26, 2012
U.S. Soccer Star Abby Wambach Plays Not My Job
By editor
Originally published on Sat October 27, 2012 11:24 am
Since Wambach sounds kind of like wombat, we figure Abby should know everything about the cuddly marsupials. We've invited her to play a game called "You're good at soccer, but can you carry your young in a pouch?" Our quiz will take about four minutes ... and will probably have more scoring than 90 minutes of soccer.
Wambach is a multiple gold medalist, holds the best goals-per-game ratio in U.S. soccer history and has just been nominated for FIFA Women's World Player of the Year.
Copyright 2012 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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No sooner did the video social service, Vine, launch, did Facebook step in and crush any hope that we could seamlessly link it to the rest of our social personas.
[Previous: 4 Quick Thoughts on the Rise Of Tweetable Videos And Brands]
As Twitter launched its first video post via Vine last week, the digital community was abuzz with what another visual-centric social network, the "6-second Instagram for video" many asserted, could mean.
But no sooner did the video social service launch, did Facebook step in and crush any hope that we could seamlessly link it to the rest of our social personas. Attempting to find our Vine friends through Facebook, the below image to the right show what we were presented with…
Facebook has since release a very ambiguous explanation of the situation, without directly referencing Vine but rather focusing on its platform policies.
While a major reason for this shift may be the fact Facebook doesn't want to hand over any incredibly valuable who-follows-who data, especially to a competitor like Twitter, my colleagues and I couldn't help but hypothesize about another possible motive – Facebook wants its own piece of the pie.
While Facebook could certainly build a comparable offering on its own, we imagine the social networking behemoth will look outside the company.
So what already established video service is likely to catch the attention of Facebook?
While there are more than a handful of (at least somewhat) similar apps out there vying for attention and/or possibly an "acquhire" situation, our guess is that Tout is leading the pack; the real-time information network that lets you receive 15-second video updates on any topic direct from your smartphone. Tout also lets you follow brands and personalities who share regular video updates, as well as engage with them in real-time.
Why will it pique Facebook's interest? It's a very simple, clean app … and Facebook has already given it access to their data, allowing you to connect and login via your Facebook profile. Even Tout's CEO, Michael Downing, told Forbes that whatever the outcome, Vine's rollout means validation for Tout, not the death of it. We also wouldn't count Viddy out, especially given the app gained a fair chunk of users back in 2012.
Are there any other video startups that Facebook should be eyeing up in response to Vine? Comment below!


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Best Marina in Marina Del Rey...
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When I bought my boat it was docked at the "Marina del Rey Marina", back in the corner of the harbor, Basin F. Almar Marinas had just taken over management of that marina, and it was pretty obvious that they were out to make as much $$$ as they possibly could off of the operation; the rents have been jacked up there about 60% in four or five years. If that weren't bad enough, the new marina management was beyond arrogant. Needless to say, I took my business elsewhere and moved my boat down to King Harbor. Haven't regretted moving in the least.
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Rex Grossman To Back Up Cousins
By Sports Talk Florida
News Desk
Follow @ SportsTalkFLA
News Desk
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According to NFL Networks' Jeff Darlington, Rex Grossman will back up Kirk Cousins this Sunday while RGIII is inactive.
Redskins players have been told Rex Grossman will backup Kirk Cousins on Sunday — and Robert Griffin III will be inactive.
— Jeff Darlington (@JeffDarlington) December 11, 2013
Tags: Washington Redskins


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Used Motor Home Class A in North Carolina
Find a used motor home class a for sale in North Carolina and plan your next RV'ing adventure! North Carolina has numerous recreational areas, attractions, and state parks to visit in your RV.
|Browsing 1 RV
2013 Thor Motor Coach
Used Daybreak 34XD Motor Home Class A
Price: $122,995.00
Kings Mountain, NC
Find Used Motor Home Class A RVs in States near Yours: Used Motor Home Class A RVs in Virginia | Used Motor Home Class A RVs in Tennessee | Used Motor Home Class A RVs in Georgia | Used Motor Home Class A RVs in South Carolina
You will feel like you stepped into Europe with a tour of Asheville North Carolina's Biltmore Estate. This 250 room estate is America's largest home and the Biltmore gardens are equally as impressive. Looking for another "gem" in North Carolina? Head to Emerald Village and go underground to a real gem mine. You can even keep the gems that you find! For more outdoor kind of fun, visit some of North Carolina's environmental wonders at Chimney Rock State Park, Grandfather Mountain, Carolina Beach State Park, Jordan Lake State Recreation Area, or Hanging Rock State Park. All of the North Carolina State Parks offer great RV campsites for you to take in the mountain surroundings.


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PORTLAND -- The man and woman who were found dead in an apparent murder-suicide Friday evening in Southeast Portland have been identified as a married couple, and the woman had recently filed for divorce.
On Friday afternoon, Portland policerushed to the site of a reported shootingat an apartment on Southeast 141st Avenue and Southeast Division Street.
Officers tried to enter the home and rescue a woman they believed was injured, but retreated once they heard gunshots, according to Sgt. Pete Simpson of Portland police.
Background: Two found dead in apparent murder-suicide
A crisis negotiator tried to calm the situation with no response. When officers were finally able to go inside, they found Maria Soumphonpackdy, 42, and Jack Soumphonpackdy, 60, dead.
According to Simpson, Jack shot Maria multiple times with a handgun before turning the gun on himself.
Detectives learned that Maria recently filed for divorce from Jack, which may have led to the shooting, Simpson said.
Domestic violence is one of the most common reasons for violent crime, Simpson said. Anyone who is experiencing domestic violence or concerned about another person who may be can call the Portland Women's Crisis Line at 1-888-235-5333.


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If you're unfamiliar with the Muzeo (which means "museum" in the international language of Esperanto), it opened in 2007.
The 25,000-square-foot complex encompasses Anaheim's original Carnegie Library built in 1908. The state-of-the-art gallery space is integrated into an urban setting surrounded by two connecting courtyards, apartment loft living and street-level retail outlets.
Featuring several traveling exhibits per year, the Muzeo's fall season opened Sept. 14 with Lateral Acceleration: Southern California's Motorcycle Culture, which runs until Jan. 6.
This exhibit, on the upper level of the Carnegie building, features still photography, motorcycles and documentaries highlighting local bike owners.
On Sept. 28, the museum's Visionary fundraising gala kicks off the Worn to be Wild, Black Leather Jacket Project.
Hoping to raise about $40,000 for the museum, this black-tie event always has a theme to it, Muller tells me.
So how do you mix formal attire with leather?
Muller says that will be up to each individual's interpretation – but folks are encouraged to incorporate leather in their attire.
On Sept. 29, the museum, at 241 S. Anaheim Blvd., will host a leather and lace fashion show featuring rocker accessories and jackets.
For more information or to purchase tickets to the gala, fashion show or any of Muzeo's the exhibits, visit muzeo.org.


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Symptoms and error messages for corrupted Hyper-V VHD files are numerous, from the VM refusing to start, to failures to attach the VHD with messages like
"Failed to open attachment 'C:\ directory \MyVHD.vhd'. Error: 'The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable.'"
There are many possible causes why your VHD may become corrupted. It is not necessary to figure out the exact cause if you need it back fast: just restore the VHD from your latest backup, or as Ben Armstrong puts it in his blogpost"Run data recovery tools inside the virtual machine."" As with all things in IT "fast" is a relative term – restoring a 500 GB disk from backup can take hours. Plan accordingly.
If you are going to take the time to investigate the cause, or do not have a backup, then you must "go all forensic".
No mater what the VHD type, most common causes of data corruption in the VHD (whether fixed or dynamic) are from:
If you can trace back the chain of events leading to the corruption, you will usually find a failure either by disconnecting storage while the virtual drive was being created or moved over the network Note that switching the disk-type from one to the other or expanding the disk may cause the problem, and, for some people, it has solved the problem. Sometimes this failure is not hardware, but caused by 3rd party encryption and anti-virus programs that have been installed on the host.
This Core Team blog post shows one way to begin your analysis.
Fixes to try:
Thanks for posting this fix. I encountered the exact same error when expanding the size of the .vhd file and I was concerned that I would have to rebuild the VM from scratch. Does anyone know if this problem was address in Windows 2008 R2 edition? http://blogs.technet.com helped me always for hyper-v issue and another big source of hyperv i found very helpful http://www.hypervhd.com


text: Shiv Sena uses 'Saamna', a broadsheet owned by the party to slam Rahul Gandhi's comments on Narendra Modi's marital status in a recent speech. They use their editiorial to target Gandhi and say that, "Rahul Gandhi should get married first before commenting on Narendra Modi's marriage." The editorial not only targets Rahul Gandhi but also other members of the Congress party.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
35 year old woman | Birmingham, AL, USA | Seeking men 29-37 within 25 miles
Active within 3 days
Raised in the midwest, grew up in the south
Well I moved to Bham back in May and am loving it. I bought a house over in the Crestwood area now and I feel so at home it feels like I was meant to be here. Life was crazy for awhile after the move but things are finally settling down. I moved here so I would no longer need to travel for work and the bonus of not having to deal with Atlanta traffic. I get to have a life and that life is not being spent in stop and go traffic, can't beat it. Plus, people here are incredibly nice. Its shocking me a little bit with all the random hellos I get just walking down the street. I like to think that I'm a happy, normal, drama-free woman. I enjoy a laid back day hanging out with my pup in torn up jeans as much as I do finding a reason to get dolled up in heels and a dress. I will probably never run a marathon but climbing Stone Mountain isn't a bad way to spend a morning. I love laughing and finding humor in everyday randomness. I admit to being one of those that sings full force along with the radio in my car, as long as the windows are up of course. My favorite color is yellow because you can't look at something yellow without feeling a little happier. I've jumped out of a plane, toured Europe, and used to cross timezones on a continuous basis for work. Occasionally my dog is irritated with me as I bring home strays. Most of the time I'm able to get them back to their people but at least once I had to get the little thing treated for parvo before finding it a brand new home. So I guess you could say I like animals.... As for what works for me, I like a guy who is a guy. Watch football, drink beer, go fishing, just don't take longer to get ready than I do. I would love someone who is willing to try new things and can also show me new things. I am not perfect and I would never expect anyone else to be. Instead I believe in balance, where I'm weak, the other person should be strong, and vice versa. If we're both good at the same things and bad at the same things that seems of little use to both people.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Travel/Sightseeing
I have Dogs
I like Cats, Horses
Middle of the Road
London, Paris, Venice, Chicago, DC, Noche, Verde, Black Bear Tavern, Highland Tap, Whole World, Library Coffee Shop, Caribou, J. Christopher's, Dekalb Farmer's Market
I like all music for the most part, but George Strait is my favorite; for TV you can't beat The New Girl however the Colbert Report is a good follow up; Bridesmaids is the best chick flick ever; If the food has lemon, caramel, or chocolate I love
Live sporting events, live music, festivals, comedy clubs, hanging out with friends, entertaining, cooking, I love working outside, I'm typically up for anything
Great on the Job- boring but good. Last fun book I read was The Hunger Games- So good.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally
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I have a job. I am financially stable.
|I'll tell you later
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Library Journal★ 12/01/2013
Palliative care nurse and social worker Jacobs often related bad news to patients and their families, but the shock of her own breast cancer diagnosis was still difficult to assimilate. In this offshoot of a blog she wrote with her husband, her path from lump discovery and diagnosis to double mastectomy and reconstruction to chemotherapy and radiation is accessibly detailed and cleverly communicated. Jacobs reveals the worst (constipation, diarrhea, and vomiting during chemo) while allowing for the best (a silver lining) at every turn. Boxed "Lifelines" simplify basic actions to take, while "Practical Matters" sections list terminology, therapies, questions to ask, and strategies to follow. The photos by Messina include a few expected bald heads and bare chests, but most are lovely evocations of life and all that we hold dear. Where this book distinguishes itself from other similar titles (e.g., Joyce Wadler's My Breast, Geralyn Lucas's Why I Wore Lipstick to My Mastectomy, Teresa J. Rhyne's The Dog Lived (and So Will I), and Melanie Young's Getting Things Off My Chest) is the author's emphasis on pain management throughout the process and the excellent early chapter on how to talk to children (of all ages) about a parent's illness. VERDICT With her humorous and approachable style, Jacobs has written an essential title for patients facing a cancer diagnosis. Highly recommended for all consumer health collections. [See Prepub Alert, 9/30/13.]—Bette-Lee Fox, Library Journal


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Posts Tagged 'winery'
Mar 25, 2009
posted in bareboneweddings with 0 COMMENTS
Amy and Ryan are getting married this August at Legends Estates Winery.
For the e-session we headed to The Guelph Arboretum where they were engaged.
I always worry a little when a location is a "park" and especially this time of year.
But I could not have been happier with the location! There was concrete and texture everywhere.
I think the images speak for themselves.
I even pulled my lens baby for a couple of shots. I love this last one of Amy!
Don't forget to leave a comment!


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VIDEO: The crew debates whether Klay Thompson and Stephen Curry are the top backcourt duo
While they've come out of the gate a perfect 3-0 with the newly and handsomely paid Klay Thompson leading the NBA in scoring, the truth is the Warriors offense could use an overall boost in point production since their offensive rating ranks in the lower half of the league (17th place, 105.1).
That boost could come tonight when forward David Lee makes his belated season debut against the Clippers after battling a left hamstring injury.
Rusty Simmons of the San Francisco Chronicle says Warriors coach Steve Kerr isn't sure yet how many minutes Lee will play. The forward will not be in the starting lineup, but his teammates are looking forward to his spark:
"It'll be huge," (Stephen) Curry said of having Lee back in the lineup. "He's a guy who gives us a lot offensively and defensively. He puts pressure on defenses, because of his ability to make plays off the dribble and on the post. He's a veteran guy. … We're going to need him tonight."
Rivalry? No rivalry? That's a continuing debate. But it never hurts to have another body to go into the usual expected chippiness and dislike against the Clippers.


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Reality Check: The Federal ReserveSubmitted by fonzdrew on Tue, 11/13/2012 - 21:59
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