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Content on the World Wide Web is made available for downloading by distributing it to cache providers. The content provider is a distinct entity from the cache providers and enters into contractual arrangements in order to benefit from the services provided by the cache providers. The contractual arrangements specify certain rights in cache resources that are bought and sold as commodities, exemplarily through a broker or exchange. An exemplary such right is the right to a stated amount of bandwidth, in a stated time interval, for servicing download requests. Responsive to such contractual arrangements, a redirective element such as a DNS server is programmed to redirect, to one or more cache providers, download requests initially addressed to the content provider.
1. A method for use in an IP packet-based data network, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving first and second IP packets and extracting corresponding first and second IP addresses therefrom;
determining a first set of one or more domain names associated with said first IP address and a second set of one or more domain names associated with said second IP address;
correlating the first set of domain names with the second set of domain names based upon a corresponding correlation of a time of receipt of said first IP packet with a time of receipt of said second IP packet;
receiving a third IP packet, extracting a third IP address therefrom, and determining a third set of one or more domain names associated with said third IP address;
identifying said first set of domain names as including one or more domain names included in said third set of domain names; and
performing one or more DNS requests relating to one or more of said domain names included in said second set of domain names based on said correlation of said second set of domain names with said identified first set of domain names.
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The present invention relates generally to packet-based data networks and in particular to a method and apparatus for improving the performance of such networks by performing predictive caching of DNS (Domain Name System) requests based on correlations between IP (Internet Protocol) addresses.
The DNS (Domain Name System) is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. Since domain names are alphabetic, whereas IP addresses are numerical, they are easier to remember. However, communication within the Internet is, in fact, based on IP addresses. Therefore, each time an Internet user specifies a domain name, a DNS service needs to translate the name into a corresponding IP address. For example, the domain name "www.example.com" might illustratively translate into an IP address "184.108.40.206". This translation process is initiated by what is referred to as a DNS request, and results in a response containing an appropriate IP address.
As people get higher speed connections to the Internet, DNS lookup time becomes a larger fraction of the total. This is because DNS request and response packets are small, and little of the time required to process a DNS request is spent in data transfer to the home computer—rather, most of the time is spent in network delays or DNS server response time. Consequently, for example, DNS lookup time is almost unchanged between systems employing a slow 14.4 kilobit/second modem and those employing a fast 300 kilobit/second DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) connection. In fact, DNS lookup time can even become dominant under certain conditions.
It is well known that network performance can in general be improved with the use of various caching techniques. Clearly, network caches can be used to reduce client latency when a requested object is already in the cache. For example, one commonly used technique involves the caching of web pages, so that repetitive access to a given web page does not require a complete re-fetch of the page. Moreover, it has been suggested that such web page caching may also be advantageously based on a "predictive" model, in which pre-fetching of web pages (i.e., fetching a page prior to a specific user request for the information) is performed. Typically, such pre-fetching will be advantageously based on the identification of web pages which are likely to be requested in the near future. Such identification of likely future web page requests may, for example, be based on web links which happen to be included on a given web page which has just been accessed. Alternatively, such a predictive model (i.e., the identification of likely future web page requests) may be based on a statistical analysis involving a correlation between past web page requests.
In addition, it has been suggested that predictive caching of DNS requests be performed as well. Unfortunately, DNS caches normally have no inherently useful predictive information such as is available on web pages (e.g., web links). But in "Use of Cooperation Across Semantic Boundaries to Enhance Network Object Caches," A. S. Hughes, PhD Dissertation Proposal, Computer Science Department, University of Southern California, May 2000, it was suggested that cache cooperation can be extended from a single domain to include caches from more than one domain. For example, cross-domain cooperation between a Web cache and a DNS cache may be implemented such that the available predictive information of web pages can be used to pre-fetch DNS requests.
It has been recognized that one particularly useful approach for performing predictive caching of DNS requests would be to pre-fetch DNS requests based on a statistical model which correlates past DNS requests with each other. However, one problem with such an approach is that DNS requests are typically stopped by caches at several different levels. For example, a DNS request may be stopped by the cache in the web browser, in the client's computer, or in a local DNS server. In fact, it has been estimated that over 90% of all DNS requests are caught by caches. Therefore, any attempt to directly build an accurate statistical model correlating DNS requests would be limited.
However, the actual IP requests (i.e., the web page requests which specify a particular IP address and which typically result from a prior DNS request), on the other hand, are not usually stopped. Therefore, these IP requests may be advantageously examined and analyzed by, for example, a firewall and/or other intermediary process. That is, by using actual IP requests as a basis for correlating DNS requests, much more useful predictive information can be obtained than could be determined with the use of DNS request correlations performed directly.
Thus, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, predictive caching of DNS requests is performed by building a statistical model of which IP addresses follow other IP addresses (i.e., correlating IP addresses), and given such a model, it can be advantageously used to anticipate a client's (likely) DNS requests. These anticipated DNS requests may then be "pre-fetched" prior to an actual client request therefor.
More particularly, in accordance with one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, IP addresses contained in network data packets are extracted and converted into one or more corresponding domain names. Then, the domain names which have been determined based on these IP addresses are correlated with domain names which are similarly determined based on IP addresses extracted from network data packets which follow soon thereafter. As a result, a database containing a list of domain name correlations is generated, the database comprising a statistical model representative of which IP addresses are likely to follow other IP addresses. Then, when a network data packet containing a given IP address is intercepted and the given IP address extracted and converted to one or more corresponding domain names, one or more DNS requests may be advantageously pre-fetched based on the database of domain name correlations.
Overview of an Illustrative Embodiment in Accordance with the Present Invention
Given the IP addresses extracted by Firewall 13, DNS server 14 advantageously calculates correlations of IP addresses with other IP addresses which follow, converting the IP addresses into domain names for later use in performing pre-fetching of DNS requests. Specifically, the IP addresses to be correlated are generally those addresses on the given IP packets that corresponds to computer systems not served by DNS server 14. For example, the IP address to be correlated with others would be the destination address for "outgoing" packets (i.e., those enroute from Browser 11 to Server 12), and the source address for "incoming" packets (i.e., those enroute from Server 12 to Browser 11). In the general case, where multiple browsers are served by the same firewall and DNS Server, it may be advantageous to tag each of these IP addresses to be correlated, with the IP address of the browser which either sent of received the given packet. (This IP address will be referred to herein as the "browser address.") Then, independent sets of correlation data may be generated and stored for each browser. (See more detailed discussion below.)
Note that a given domain name often maps into several IP addresses. In particular,
Similarly, note that multiple domain names can map onto the same IP address as well.
In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, therefore, an incoming stream of IP addresses to be correlated is advantageously converted to a stream of domain name equivalence classes as may, for example, be defined by an association tree such as that illustrated in
Next, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the classes are then passed through to a prediction subsystem which advantageously collects correlations between domain names. And finally, in a parallel path, when an IP address is encountered, the illustrative system in accordance with the present invention converts the IP address to one or more domain names and then advantageously predicts likely future domain name requests based upon the correlations which have been previously collected. In particular, from among those correlations with non-negligible probabilities, it advantageously selects domain names that are not already in the DNS cache (and, in addition, advantageously selects those that are within about 30 seconds of expiration), and performs a pre-fetch of a DNS request therefor.
The Detailed Operation of an Illustrative Embodiment of the Present Invention
Next, module 430 calculates time-windowed correlations between the domain names, and Prediction coefficient update module 435 updates the resultant prediction coefficients which are stored in database 440. Specifically, each prediction coefficient, P(X|Y), advantageously defines a probability that a given domain name equivalence class, X, will be requested by the associated browser, given that domain name equivalence class Y has been generated from a previously extracted IP address which was encountered within the given time window (e.g., the last 10 or 100 seconds). (See
In accordance with one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, it may be advantageous to generalize the prediction coefficients to include those of the form P(X|Y&Z), thereby defining a probability that a given domain name equivalence class, X, will be requested, given that each of two distinct domain name equivalence classes, Y and Z, have been generated from previously extracted IP addresses encountered within the given time window. Although this will, in general, require the use of additional IP packet data, it may provide for more accurate predictions of future DNS requests.
Returning to the figure, given a (preferably, continuously updated) set of prediction coefficients, module 445 predicts one or more domain names which have a non-negligible probability of being requested by the given browser in the near future—that is, based on past domain name (actually IP address) activity. For each such predicted domain name, module 450 examines DNS cache 460, which is associated with DNS server 465, to determine whether the predicted domain name is already in the cache, and if so, whether it will soon expire—say, within the next 30 seconds, for example. (As is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, in accordance with the Internet protocol all cached DNS records have an expiration time after which they are no longer "guaranteed" to be valid.) For those predicted domain names which are either not in the DNS cache or are in the cache but are about to expire, module 455 requests a DNS lookup for the given domain name—that is, module 455 forces a pre-fetch of the DNS request to occur.
The Detailed Operation of an Illustrative DNS Reverse Lookup Procedure
The illustrative DNS reverse lookup procedure shown in
Given that one or more domain names corresponding to the given IP address have been identified, these are added to the domain name return set (i.e., the set of domain names which will ultimately be returned by the procedure of
Given that one or more appropriate CNAME-records have been found, module 550 is used to check the validity of the given domain name (i.e., that it in fact corresponds to the given IP address) by performing a DNS query, which may, if necessary, require going out to the Internet. If no such records have been found by module 540, module 560 may then be advantageously used to apply one or more heuristics in an attempt to generate likely domain name equivalents, and, if any such heuristics succeed, to then check for such CNAME-records by performing appropriate DNS lookups. For example, one such heuristic would be to recognize that the generated domain name return set contains a domain name of the form "wwws.xxx.com", where s is a digit, and then to generate therefrom the domain name "www.xxx.com" for possible addition to the domain name return set.
Finally, given that any appropriate CNAME-records have been identified (e.g., found and verified by modules 540 and 550, respectively, or successfully generated and checked by module 560), the equivalent names provided thereby are added to the domain name return set. Then, control returns once again to module 540 in an attempt to proceed one level further up in the association tree (which may, in general, have several hierarchical levels) to find still additional domain name equivalents if they exist. (See, e.g.,
A Mathematical Analysis of Predictive Caching of DNS Requests
Assume that we would like to predict the number of packets to IP address i that we will see in the near future. This will be denoted herein as |w|pi>, where w is a window function that is zero everywhere except within the region where we want to predict (illustratively, the next 100 seconds), and pi is the probability density (i.e., the rate) of IP packets. The notation "|>" is used herein to represent a time integral—that is, |w|p> is a function of time, and it equals ∫−∞ ∞w(τ)p(t−τ)dτ. The predicted rate can be expressed as a linear combination of past measurements:
One typical way to solve the above equations is to recast them in terms of correlations, by multiplying by <pi| and a set of M kernels. Products in the form <pi|x|pj> are simply numbers that are independent of time. Specifically,
After left-multiplying, the following set of N2M equations is obtained, where N is the number of distinct classes of IP addresses that have been seen:
In practice, however, there are far too many IP addresses to make a direct solution of those equations efficient. Thus, it is advantageous to force the equations to be sparse, without damaging their predictive power. This can be accomplished by various techniques which will be familiar to those skilled in the art, including, for example, by removing correlations that include IP addresses that appear very rarely, such as those that appear only once in the available data.
Note that since individual computers typically work independently, one would expect little correlation between IP requests made by different computers. Thus, it is normally advantageous to use only correlations between IP packets associated with the same browser (as described above). In equation (3), therefore, both correlations in the angle brackets would be advantageously so constrained. The specific tagging mechanism described above, in which the IP addresses and their correlations are tagged with an associated browser address, may be advantageously used to implement such a constraint.
Further, it is advantageous to force the solution—the cj,k,q—to be sparse. It is known that c is sparse because most web pages only point to a few other computers. Thus, cj,k,q should have only a few significantly nonzero entries for each (k,q) pair, out of the N possibilities.
An iterative approach to calculating the set of c works well, and is especially useful for DNS prediction, as one can start predicting even with a partial set of c values. Further, as new data comes in, the correlation matrices may be advantageously updated, and, as they are recalculated, any new c values will advantageously reflect the new data. Therefore, in accordance with one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a predictive coefficient update process is running independently, thereby continuously updating the set of c values.
The Detailed Operation of an Illustrative Predictive Coefficient Update Process
An illustrative predictive coefficient update process of one embodiment of the present invention has four steps, and is a variant of a conventional steepest descent optimization algorithm, fully familiar to those skilled in the art. Specifically,
1. Step 1 (block 610): Identify one of the cj,k,q entries to be updated. A variety of heuristic techniques, each familiar to those skilled in the art, may be used in order to make this choice. One approach, for example, is to simply iterate through all the (j,k,q) triplet combinations in some straightforward but arbitrary order.
In accordance with one illustrative embodiment, however, the following particular approach is employed. First, assume that some arbitrary order is defined for the (j,k,q) triplets which can be merely a random choice. Then,
where g is the time (or, equivalently, the difference in sequence numbers) since the last update of that particular cj,k,q. Choose (so that the term containing (is (on average) between 0.1 and 10 times the remaining term. Alternatively, w (or any other window function) can be substituted for bm, although doing so will require additional calculation and storage of more correlations. Alternatively, rather than choosing random values for i and m, the score can be calculated by summing over any subset of (i,m) pairs.
2. Step 2 (block 620): Calculate the "optimal" value of cj,k,q. The optimal value is the one that minimizes the norm of the difference between the left and right sides of equation (3) above. This optimization can be advantageously reduced to a single linear equation and solved by well-known techniques fully familiar to those skilled in the art, if the norm chosen is the 2-norm. It can be solved numerically by other well-known techniques familiar to those skilled in the art for other norms.
3. Step 3 (block 630): If the optimal value is negative, or if it is positive but small, set it to zero. Values that are small are defined in this context as being less than some threshold, ∀, where ∀ is typically in the range 0.0001<∀<10, and more typically, 0.001<∀<1. Advantageously, further small values may be defined as those cj,k,q such that cj,k,q A<1|bk|pq> is smaller than some threshold, ∃. Typically, 0.001<∃<100, and more typically, 0.1<∃<2. Then, define
4. Step 4 (block 640): Mark cj,k,q as having been updated with a time stamp or sequence number. Then repeat the four steps on another c coefficient.
Addendum to the Detailed Description
It should be noted that all of the preceding discussion merely illustrates the general principles of the invention. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various other arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein are principally intended expressly to be only for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventors to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future—i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure.
Thus, for example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudocode, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown. Thus, the blocks shown, for example, in such flowcharts may be understood as potentially representing physical elements, which may, for example, be expressed in the instant claims as means for specifying particular functions such as are described in the flowchart blocks. Moreover, such flowchart blocks may also be understood as representing physical signals or stored physical data, which may, for example, be comprised in such aforementioned computer readable medium such as disc or semiconductor storage devices.
The functions of the various elements shown in the figures, including functional blocks labeled as "processors" or "modules" may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software. When provided by a processor, the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared. Moreover, explicit use of the term "processor" or "controller" should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, read-only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage. Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included. Similarly, any switches shown in the figures are conceptual only. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the implementer as more specifically understood from the context.
In the claims hereof any element expressed as a means for performing a specified function is intended to encompass any way of performing that function including, for example, (a) a combination of circuit elements which performs that function or (b) software in any form, including, therefore, firmware, microcode or the like, combined with appropriate circuitry for executing that software to perform the function. The invention as defined by such claims resides in the fact that the functionalities provided by the various recited means are combined and brought together in the manner which the claims call for. Applicant thus regards any means which can provide those functionalities as equivalent (within the meaning of that term as used in 35 U.S.C. 112, paragraph 6) to those explicitly shown and described herein.
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Pronunciation: bahamiano
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Rainier Ehrhardt - Photo Editor
"I can't do much about it. Even if I go on a massive diet my hip bones aren't going to change."
What will happen to Vettel for not obeying the team order?
Red Bull stated during the summer break that they will announce the driver who will replace Webber in 2014.
Vergne has told France's L'Equipe that Ricciardo's reputation is wrong.
The terms of the apparent agreement between Porsche and Webber are still unknown but Webber has spent time in Weissach, Germany. The new leak mentions Porsche return to F1
The Finn said Vettel is out of line to ignore team orders.
"Managing two drivers like Sebastian and Kimi would not be easy," Dr. Helmut Marko admitted.
Vettel doenst know how to drive a struggling car, according to Felipe Massa.
Dr Helmut Marko considers that 'Ricciardo is currently the better one' of two good juniors
Dr Helmut Marko: "In Singapore, Alonso and Webber have many fans who do not like Seb."
Will Adrian Newey and the Red Bull engineers be able to fix the "hip" problem if indeed Ricciardo is signed officially by the team?
Will the final outcome of 'silly season' end up when Raikkonen makes his decision or is there more behind the scenes that is still unknown?
"Kimi likes it at Lotus, but we are waiting for information on certain issues that are still outstanding." - Steve Robertson
Plus their are those who believe that the Infiniti Red Bull Renault team should punish Vettel by making him sit out a Grand Prix event.
More rules changes blocked by teams.
Race director Charlie Whiting reportedly warned Red Bull about illegal fuel flow readings throughout the weekend at Albert Park and also during the race.
"Daniel Ricciardo who should get the job, not Kimi Raikkonen" - Jean-Eric Vergne
Vettel needs to show leadership inside of Red Bull, according to Hamilton.
Mark Webber: "It's the public's choice, it's up to them how they view what he (Vettel) is doing."
Christian Horner: "The purpose of Toro Rosso is to develop drivers and make them candidates for Red Bull, just as Sebastian Vettel did."
Jean-Eric Vergne thinks Mark Webber got tired of his teammate winning all the time.
Mark Webber will drive the last three races.


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1998 BEST Middle Eastern Restaurant
The Helmand
This Afghan restaurant packs a tapestry of spice into every dish, from the marinated meat on the seekh kabab to the delicate baby pumpkin. The broad dining room's flaming bread oven, extensive wine list, and exotic decor transport you from everyday Cambridge to distant Kabul. Soothe your surging palate afterward with full-bodied Turkish coffee.
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Rock icon and animal defender Pink recently sent a letter to President Obama asking him to find out why the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has closed three investigations into serious allegations of cruelty to animals by the Ringling Bros. circus without taking action. The investigations expired because of the statute of limitations—a delay caused by the USDA, the very department that was supposed to be investigating Ringling!
PETA is challenging the Office of General Counsel to reopen these investigations because the following animals suffered and died while in Ringling's "care":
Five years ago, while still serving as a senator, Barack Obama asked the USDA on PETA's behalf for an update on these pending cases and was assured that appropriate action was being pursued.
The lack of action in these investigations is particularly troubling since government officials have already been found to be in cahoots with Ringling.
We're also calling on the USDA to seize four elephants traveling with Ringling right now who are suffering from painful arthritis. Please don't wait to speak out for these animals—they need you now.
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1515 days ago
Honestly, this is such bs. Animals are justas important as all the war that has been going on. Even more so because animals need our help in order to be heard. I die insinde everytime an animal dies due to abuse and constant violence. I haven't been to a circus in years, and now that I know about this, I will never again. There is nothing funny about animal cruelty.
1519 days ago
Sigmund Freud Said: "if slaughterhouses should have windows, all the People would Be Vegetarians"


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This is a discussion on Partagas 1845 within the Cigar News, Cigar Videos, Cigar Reviews, Cigar Interviews, etc. forums, part of the The Cigar Lounges at Puff category; So I had picked up a Partagas 1845 in a cool t00b a few weeks ago form a local, before ...
So I had picked up a Partagas 1845 in a cool t00b a few weeks ago form a local, before my life really took a turn for the worse. Nothing to really worry about just the crappy economy of a recent divorce finally reared its ugly head. So, I had a few friends over and we were sitting around having adult beverages. So I fired it up.
Man, I just love the dark oily look of the wrapper. The band is a work of art by itself in my opinion. I use the punch method after light. I just use my dual purpose vector lighter my girlfriend (not the reason for my divorce) got me for my birthday. So the first draw on this stick is a blast of cayenne pepper, not a blast, maybe a shot. Then Mexican Chocolate like you would have on a cold south Texas day, maybe when its gets down to a chilly oh 85 degrees you know around Christmas time. It pretty much is like that during the first third. Then it gets kinda bland for a minute. And like a transition phase goes all earthy, leathery and a little nutty during the 2ND third. The spice came back for during the final third, but was more like black pepper instead cayenne. The Chocolate was more like a dark chocolate flavor and not quite as sweet. I was getting ready to settle in and nub this one and it went and got horribly bitter on me, just all of a sudden.
I'm guessing it could use about a year to maybe 2 of rest before it's at it's best. I needed this cigar last nite to put things in prospective. It did it's job. So, now I can can get back to putting my affairs in order. Don't go all sappy on my Brothers and Sisters I just needed to vent about some and man I feel great.
Hey y'all Have a great day Hug someone ya love....for that matter hug someone ya don't love might do ya both some good.
Last edited by mturnmm; 09-02-2012 at 08:25 AM. Reason: In wrong area Mods Please Move
Here's to us and those like us!
God Bless our Troops...especially our Snipers!
is the 1845 a different version of the Partagas Black? I had a black once, wasn't too memorable. I think the color came off on my hands and lips. Not a fan of the overly died wrappers. I think that was the only NC Partagas I've had. Glad you were able to enjoy it and get a bit of distraction. Nice review!
The 1845 is a different cigar, the 1845 has a light colored habano wrapper, and dont come in tubes. The label has a set of wings on it. This would be a partagas black label. If it was tubo it's probably the Maximo or crystal vitola. I enjoy the partagas blacks with a dark beer on a cool night.
How does the NC partagas compare to CC? The 898v and psd4's are one of my favorites.
different company, different tobacco. Only thing in common is the name.
What he said, that being said I enjoy both CC and NC Partagas...
The Krazy Kanuck
I'm feeling a little called out here. So, to clear things up. Here is a picture of the tube it came in.
This is a pic of the band I took off of it as I smoked it.
I will agree that I left out the moniker "Black" but the Band Says Partagas 1845 I bought it at a reputable shop in Universal City TX. Don't know what else to say. The rest was just my experience.
Here's to us and those like us!
God Bless our Troops...especially our Snipers!
The Partagas Black Label ripens with age. I have one 660 gigante (favorite vitola) left and its days are numbered.
Oh, nobody's calling you out brother, just clearing things up. It's an easy mistake, as the black label does not say "black label" on it. True though, the 1845 has a golden band with an eagle crest dominating the wrapper and the lettering is in black.. I have a couple of those too I'm saving for a special occasion, very tasty as well!
Last edited by smokin surfer; 09-20-2012 at 09:18 PM.
All NC Partagas have 1845 on the label which is where the confusion is probably coming from.
Here is a pic of an 1845:
Little off topic, but I've tried a couple of the 1845's pictured above by Cigar Noob, didn't enjoy them despite resting them a month- lot of burn issues and pulled a major league baseball bat size toothpick out of one. Love the way they look though, the band is sick.
Last edited by kevink; 11-01-2012 at 12:46 AM. Reason: problem inserting pic
I just had one of these tonight, its had about 9 months rest and is better than the one I had ROTT. It had more pepper for the first 15 minutes or so and then mellowed out. I finished it at the band point as it started to get bitter. Draw was great for the first 30 minutes, then it started to gunk up a bit so it needed a little trim. No burn issues what so ever to speak of.


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About the Author: CJ Hawk - Writer of chick lit., romance, and mystery.
I am an independently published author that finds scraps of time to write with an intention to escape the perils of a working life, helping my husband with his business, raising teen boys, two shelter dogs and a tank full of fish that are trying to recreate Nemo daily for my personal entertainment, for which I am thankful for all.
My novels sprout as short stories and often grow to full-length novels. Sometimes its quirky general reads that turn to mysteries. Other times those mysteries turn to romance. Some novels sprout like weeds, go full gangbusters into adult romance and sell like ice-cold spiked lemonade on a hot summer's day.
I love what I do, but I can tell you that nothing ain't what it seems - Writing has its difficulties like a new relationship. The plot building is equivalent to seeing a handsome man for the first time, and your heart starts pounding. The plot lays itself out, and the characters are developing just like a new relationship with that handsome man. Then comes the editing and refining part which is equivalent to finding out he snores, farts way too much and leaves the toilet seat up. Get my drift. In the end though, it is all worth it and nothing beats a rock-solid relationship that can handle the ups and downs, nor does it beat the smile I leave on a reader's face after they got a moment away from the everyday hectic life.
Readers positive reviews or social media shout outs are always a welcome thing.
Review by:
on March 07, 2015 :
Unrealistic storyline with a ridiculous number of holes in it
(review of free book)
Review by:
Teela May
on May 18, 2011 :
Loved it! Fun easy read! I'm a chick lit. fanatic. This one didn't have the hot heavy sex I like but it got you to that point each time knowing that they wanted to but had personal struggles.
(reviewed within a week of purchase)


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KARNES CITY -- Like beacons, the flares in Karnes County draw attention to one of the biggest and most profitable oil and gas finds in the world.
Under the light belching from the towers, Mike Cerny takes a puff of medicine in what is now an empty inhaler.
Cerny and his wife say the inhalers and medicines the family takes now eclipse the royalties their property earns from fracking.
When you see your son with up to three nosebleeds a day, something s wrong with this picture, Myra Cerny said.
At first, she thought it was time that was taking its toll on their bodies.
But it was coming on too fast, the symptoms, Cerny said. And others the same age -- I have a twin sister -- aren t sharing the same problems.
But with every bit of gas and oil being extracted, the family noticed changes in their health. The flares are supposed to burn off unwanted gases, but the family noticed clouds of black smoke erupting with the flames.
We are totally surrounded, Cerny said. And no matter which way the wind blows, we re getting downdraft from one or the other.
Worried, the Cernys contacted the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
In August and September, investigators with the TCEQ visited two units near their home. The leaking hydrocarbons are invisible to the naked eye, but are picked up as black smoke with the TCEQ s infrared cameras.
The Cernys said their fears were realized when the TCEQ found the operator, Marathon Oil, was out of compliance.
When they re burning black and not operating right, like we ve seen here, you have up to 250- pollutants raining down on your head, Cerny said.
According to TCEQ documents, methane, propane, butane, and hydrogen sulfides were in the noxious mix. The benzene emissions alone were reportedly four times over the legal limit.
The Cernys said it was the exposure to Benzene - a known cancer-causing compound - that matched their symptoms.
That s when we put things together. Well, that s everything going on with our health. And we knew it was surrounding us, Cerny said.
Once you inhale it, your liver picks it up. And it is really what happens in the body that makes it carcinogenic, said Dr. Andrew Brenner, a neurooncologist at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
He said chronic, long-term benzene exposure is dangerous and can lead to blood cancers.
People get leukemias, or you can have damage to your stem cells and their bone marrow. That results in an inability to make their own blood cells, he said.
The Cernys said they re breathing that air around their home 24 hours a day. Now the family worries about their growing boy, Cameron.
It s like a CSI episode: You picture the chemical going in their fragile lungs and what it is doing to their body. And you wonder, 'How much longer do they have?'
The TCEQ made two recommendations to Marathon Oil: the company installs an alarm or monitor to make sure the flare is working properly, and that Marathon reports emissions problems within 24 hours.
The oil company received no fines from the state agency.
We want out of here, Mike Cerny said.
The Cernys said they are not alone in their suffering.
However, other nearby residents were reluctant to come forward, telling KENS 5 they have family working the oil and gas fields. Complaining, they said, could cost them their jobs.
The Cernys believe the industry may have already cost them their health.
Death, said Mike and Myra Cerny simultaneously.
That s all I can think. Death, the worried mother said. Seeing our son die maybe before us. That s all you can think.


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To expedite formation of the two — the former promoted by HRD Ministry and latter by Health Ministry
The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) has asked the Ministries of Human Resource Development and Health and Family Welfare to identify linkages between the two proposed regulatory bodies — National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER) and the National Commission on Human Resource for Health (NCHRH) — being promoted by them respectively to speed up the process of setting up the two authorities.
Both the Ministries have been given time up to Friday next to resolve issues and work to form common grounds for coexistence. The PMO is keen on the resolution as the Medical Council of India (Amendment) Act, 2010 ends on May 15 and it is important that a mechanism is in place before that.
The Prime Minister is said to have already expressed his 'agreement' with the NCHER.
The two Ministries have been fighting a turf war for more than a year now with the task force, set up by the HRD Ministry, bringing all higher education, including medical education and legal education under the purview of an overarching regulatory body — the NCHER — while the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has been opposing it tooth and nail saying that medical education was closely linked with health infrastructure and should come under the ambit of the NCHRH.
While both the Ministries claim that the draft bills for NCHER and NCHRH are ready to be placed before the Cabinet, neither have been able to do so because of possibility of overlapping and lack of clarity.
With several attempts made earlier to make the two Ministries come to a consensus having failed, the PMO on Friday convened a meeting of the HRD task force members and experts from the Health and Family Welfare Ministry (since the task force that drafted the NCHRH Bill has been disbanded) to thrash out the issues in the presence of T.K.A. Nair, the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister.
After both the sides placed their version, Mr. Nair asked them to find a common ground for the existence of both the Commissions. One possible way could be cross representation, the second could be bringing the medical colleges and research under the purview of the NCHER while the related health infrastructure and services, accreditation, ethics and maintenance of medical registers could remain with the NCHRH. There was also a suggestion that bodies such as the National Board of Examinations that are outside the university system could be central to NCHRH.
Keywords: National Commission for Higher Education and Research, National Commission on Human Resource for Health, NCHER and NCHRH links, PMO, Medical Council of India


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Nightmare Before Christmas
Shelley Duvall (Actor), Daniel Stern (Actor), Henry Selick (Director), Tim Burton (Director) | Rated: PG (Parental Guidance Suggested) | Format: VHS Tape
Average Customer Review: (229)
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For those who never thought Disney would release a film in which Santa Claus is kidnapped and tortured, well, here it is! The full title is Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas, which should give you an idea of the tone of this stop-action animated musical/fantasy/horror/comedy. It is... Read More
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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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at: 800-449-9128
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Nail every note in Zakk Wylde's intense metal repertoire.
This instructional book and CD from Hal Leonard's Legendary Licks series gives you a comprehensive play-along pack with an inside look at Zakk Wylde's guitar style. Includes note-for-note transcriptions and performance notes on how to play licks, fills, riffs, and guitar solos with recorded demonstrations on CD.
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Africa Lacks Autoclaves; Why the Recently Released Saniclave 200 Helps Prevent the Spread of AIDS
Lack of autoclave use and proper sanitary practices lead to rampant transmission of the AIDS virus in Africa. The Revolutionary Science Saniclave 200 autoclave is affordable and is available in 120 VAC and 240 VAC.
Minneapolis, MN (PRWEB) April 30, 2013
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 69% of the world's HIV positive population. This number continues to climb. Studies show that contrary to popular belief, this pandemic is not caused by lifestyle choices alone. Part of this problem can be traced to medical practices, dentistry and body art. Small African facilities often lack an autoclave – a device used to sterilize medical devices to prevent the transmission of diseases, like the AIDS virus. The Saniclave 200, a small, affordable medical autoclave (CE marked and FDA approved) was recently introduced to help combat this problem.
According to AVERT.org, the AIDS pandemic continues to grow in Africa., "In 2010, there were an estimated 22.9 million people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. This has increased since 2009, when an estimated 22.5 million people were living with HIV, including 2.3 million children."
"I think it is arrogant and ethnocentric to assume that the African AIDS epidemic is solely a result of lifestyle choices" states Isaac Erickson of Revolutionary Science. "AIDS transmissions are often due to insufficient sterilization methods used in medical, dental and tattoo facilities in Africa."
These facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa often lack proper sterilization and sanitary practices. Autoclaves are a rarity. Tattoo shops, nail salons and dental practices are often unregulated and suffer poor conditions, resulting in the transmission of diseases, like AIDS. The Harm Reduction Journal recently stated that "sterilization equipment for other critical items that must be safely reused (e.g., surgical forceps, specula, dental instruments) and appropriate training are lacking in many formal health facilities"
Poverty and an uneducated populous are two reasons why medical sanitation and sterilization are lacking, states the journal. "Public awareness of HIV transmission risk from other prevalent skin-piercing procedures (such as tattooing, … or unsterile dental care) is also poor." A simple, affordable autoclave would nearly eliminate the transmission of the disease in these situations. Even small autoclaves cost several thousand dollars – too expensive for a modest dental clinic or tattoo facility in Africa.
"There were several socially conscious individuals on the research and development staff of Revolutionary Science that took this into consideration when designing the FDA approved Saniclave 200." said Eric Kaari of Revolutionary Science. "The Saniclave needed to comply with all modern regulations and still be compact and very affordable."
The Saniclave 200 is a 10 liter autoclave, fashioned with a digital display. The sterilization cycle is 121C for 30 minutes – the hospital standard – is long enough to kill the AIDS virus. A dry mode allows for drying both wrapped or unwrapped instruments. It is available with or without a printer and in 120 or 240 volts. Now the American made Saniclave 200 is available for about $1,000 USD.
About Revolutionary Science
In 1999, Revolutionary Science was founded after the birth of the company's first microcentrifuge. Years later, Revolutionary Science designs and manufactures incubators, centrifuges, autoclaves, automated cell and colony counters and water baths.
Registered with the FDA and ISO, Revolutionary Science is a Minnesota company dedicated to the manufacturing of precision life science and sterilization equipment.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2013/4/prweb10679611.htm


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He's a picky eater and gets really defensive when you ask him to just try it.
He can be very forgetful or think something isn't important, and not tell me when it really is important.
There's nothing that he does that annoys me.
He is weird. And has many, many silly things that he does and quirks that are unique to him. And many things that if I wanted to find and nitpick, I totally could. But all of those things help make him the man he is & I realized a while ago that life is too short to sweat the small stuff and to care about dirty dishes in the sink and empty ice cube trays in the freezer.
...Now ask me the same question on a couple years :P
Crossbone - 2011 Cattle Pirate |Part-timer, Jack - 2004 Beaglador | Smallpox - 2014 Rat Terrier
Honestly, not saying absolutely nothing he does grates on me but there isn't anything he does all the time that really annoys me. I can't think of anything off the top of my head other than he picks at the skin on his thumbs and it makes it bleed. I am not so much annoyed by it and the majority of the time I don't notice him doing it but when I do I tell him STOP IT lol mostly cause blood is a no go for me lol even just a little of it. If I am annoyed by something he does it is usually a reflection of my mood and not a reflection on him
That being said I bite my nails obsessively and he NEVER calls me on it even though he should lol
Yeah like right now I am quiet & distracted so hes always like "I don't know why you are always mad at me" ok ... He gets mad at me for talking but when I don't then I am mad at him ???
He doesn't like food very much and is not a big eater. So when I ask what do you feel like for dinner he always says nothing you think of something. Drives me mad
You are the whisper in the wind, and the silence in dark.
You are the autumn rain, and the spring flowers.
You are the joy when I laugh, and the sorrow when I cry.
You are the earth beneath my feet, and the air in the sky
But most of all, you are my heart.
Run free, Beautiful Girl.
The simplest things, nothing life changing... but I can't decide. when we were on our way to Disney we were going to grab some breakfast and Brian said "Do you want to just get fast food or do you want to stop at Cracker Barrel" and no kidding my face went completely blank and I went "uhhhhhhh" for like ten seconds until Brian finally broke me out of my stupidity cycle by laughing hysterically at me. Now granted we had been in the car since three am and we were a little punch drunk but seriously... dine in or out and it was like he'd asked me to recite all the number in Pi lol
There really isn't anything he does that bugs me unless I'm already in a bad mood.
Where you invest your love, you invest your life.
Equinox Shadow Of A Hero CGC "Shadow"
Equinox Ain't No Rest For The Wicked CGC "Embyr"
Equinox Play Me Some Mountain Music "Copper"
Equinox Don't Feed It After Midnight "Bloo"
He "talks" to other bad drivers when he drives. Not really cussing, just "come on, buddy, stay in your lane"...." what are you doing? Oh, you're on your cell phone... "
Other than that... Not much, really.
A dog is a miracle with paws.
T-Bone, CGC
Nothing that really annoys me... Eg, I'm in a really bad mood today (for the first time in ages) and I'm being a horror, and I was trying to scan something really important for work, and he's "helping" and I'm being a bitch and he's grumping back. But then I just look at him and laugh and tell him he looks like a gnome and that's that.
I'm sure there's a lot of stuff he does that winds me up, but I can't say it lingers with me all day and grates on me. If it starts doing that then I'm in the wrong relationship! Or I have pmt
"Dogs are our link to paradise. They do not know jealousy or discontent. To sit with a dog on a hillside on a glorious afternoon is to be back in Eden, where doing nothing wasn't boring, it was peace."
Bodhi is the opposite of ignorance, the insight into reality which destroys mental afflictions and brings peace.
Owned by Bodhi Booglaoo and Fredington Holbein
It's shark week and I'm feeling a little extra bitchy so here it goes lol
My SO is constantly asking me what's wrong. I could be sitting here on Chaz and if my face looks slightly aloof to him he will ask me what's wrong. Nothing is wrong dude... and trust me, if something is wrong I will make sure you know it.
He is SO obsessed with money and our account. I guess in some ways it can be a good thing but sometimes it's just annoying. Like for example. We bought something off Amazon last night that I wanted for Cricket's training. The one I was going to get was a certain price, but they had a new upgraded version that was just a little bit more. We have over $1000 sitting in the bank at any given time usually and yet he had to call the bank to check the account to make sure we could spend the additional $20 for the item. If I want to spend $30 off the card he will call first to again make sure we have it in the bank.
If I want to go somewhere he always asks why. Hey hun I'm going to the pet store down the road and take Cricket with me. response: "ok why?" ummm.... because I just want to? I don't always spend money when I go, but I like to take the dogs to get them out of the house and out and about.
He trims his nails with his pocket knife. That skeeves me out so bad.
He uses MY bath towel. We usually use the same bath towel a few times in a row before we wash them. We will each have designated towels and one time he will use his and the next time he will use mine. There have been times where I've gone to take a shower and both towels are damp so I end up having to get a new towel.
There are LOTS more things, mostly just minor irritations... but hey... I know I irritate him too. Oh and Fran, that thing with the water bottles half empty everywhere.... ya I do that unfortunately. lol.
Joey- Ibizan Hound
Cricket- Mexican Street dog (we think Xolo mix)
Bamm- BC mix
Itztli- Standard size coated Xoloitzcuintle
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Neil Patrick Harris, Benjamin Bratt, Marcia Cross and More to Guest on CBS' THE TALK, 9/24-28
The CBS Television Network has announced the upcoming guests for the week of 9/24-28 on "The Talk." The show airs Monday through Friday (2:00-3:00 PM, ET; 1:00-2:00 PM, PT).
Monday, Sept. 24
Actor Neil Patrick Harris (CBS's "How I Met Your Mother"); "Entertainment Tonight" host Nancy O'Dell recaps the Primetime Emmy Awards; lifestyle expert Jamie Krell showcases the hottest Fall beauty products; Talk Takeaway: Dr. Travis Stork showcases secret weapon health foods (n)
Tuesday, Sept. 25
Actor Benjamin Bratt; Talk Takeaway: chef Antonia Lofaso shares cocktail party recipes for entertaining (n)
Wednesday, Sept. 26
Actor Simon Baker (CBS's "The Mentalist"); soap stars Joshua Morrow and ShaRon Case celebrate the 10,000th episode of CBS Daytime's "The Young and the Restless;" Talk Takeaway: organization expert Justin Klosky shares tips to increase storage for small spaces (n)
Thursday, Sept. 27
Actress and director Penny Marshall discusses her new book; actress Cloris Leachman; Talk Takeaway: cooking with chef David Myers (n)
Friday, Sept. 28
Actress Marcia Cross previews her new film; actor and author Andrew McCarthy discusses his new memoir (n)
About Author
- CNBC to Air THE MAKING OF DIG, the USA Network Event Series, 3/1
- NBC to Air One-Hour Season Finale of CHRISTINA MILIAN TURNED UP, 3/1
- NBC Universo to Present ROMEO SANTOS DESDE VINA Concert Exclusive, 3/1
- Kelly Clarkson to Visit CBS SUNDAY MORNING, 3/1
- VIDEO: Clark Gregg Teases New AGENTS OF S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Using Emojis
- Dakota Johnson to Host SNL Tonight; Alabama Shakes to Perform
- NBC Sports to Air Coverage of U.S. GRAND PRIX FROM PARK CITY
- Discovery Family to Premiere New Episodes of TRANSFORMERS RESCUE BOTS, Today
- Telemundo to Present FUTBOL ESTELAR: LEON VS SANTOS, Today
- Telemundo to Give Viewers Sneak Peek at Upcoming Programming on LO NUEVO, Today


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Tablet. Hotels for Global Nomads
Travel Better.
Show recommendations for:
The Standard High Line
Hotel in New York City, New York, USA, New York City, New York State, USA
"The views from the room were amazing, floor to ceiling windows win the day. Room-service was also delicious and the staff was friendly and helpful. The bars … " more


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Before and After Gallery
I can't find anywhere on the site that people can post "Before" and "After" photo's. I'd love to see how everyone is doing, any chance there will be one in the future?by: juju
by: andysmith
I'd love to add this in the future. I agree that this would really make our Community section better.
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Mesón Sacrista de la Compañia
Escuela de Cocina de Mexicana
by Jeannie Kranz
Enjoy regional Mexican cooking from Puebla, the home of Mole. All recipes include detailed instructions and lots of photos.
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Thank you to everyone for attending our Fall Commencement Ceremony on December 6, 2014.
A total of 1,022 graduates crossed the stage on December 6, 2014. There are more than 90,000 alumni who are Lakers for a Lifetime.
Commencement Speaker
Laurie Beard, President of Founders Bank & Trust
To watch the recordings of the ceremony, please visit our YouTube page.
April 30, 2015
Grand Traverse Resort, Acme, Michigan, 6:00 p.m.
If you have questions relative to the commencement, please contact the Continuing Education Office in Traverse City at the toll free number (888) 922-1785 or local number at (231) 995-1785.
December 12, 2015
Van Andel Arena, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 10:00 a.m.
Tentative GradFest Dates for December 2015:
Wednesday, December 2, 2015: 9:00 a.m.- 6 p.m. in Kirkhof (Pere Marquette, 2204)
Thursday, December 3, 2015: 10 a.m.- 6:30 p.m. in DeVos (Hager-Lubbers Exhibition Hall)
Questions? Contact the Dean of Students Office on the Allendale campus at (616) 331-3585.


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US Drug Watchdog Now Fears A Failure Rate Of 50% For Metal on Metal Hip Implants & Urges Recipients To Call Them For The Names Of The Best Lawyers-Don't Get Shortchanged
The US Drug Watchdog says, "According to the New York Times, there are 500,000 US citizens with metal on metal hip implants, and according to the Associated Press, European health agencies fear a possible failure rate of 50%. Our goal is to identify at least two hundred and fifty thousand US recipients of metal on metal hip implants, and to get them identified by the best possible law firms. We will not stand by as hundreds of thousands of US citizens get left on the curb holding the bag with a problem that should not be their's." The US Drug Watchdog number one goals of their Metal on Metal Hip Implant Failure Initiative is compensation for what a victim of a metal-on-metal hip implant failure will have to go through, and making certain every victim of a metal-on-metal hip implant has the best possible law firms. All US metal on metal hip implant recipients are encouraged to call the US Drug Watchdog anytime at 866-714-6466, or they can contact the group via their web site at http://USDrugWatchdog.com
(PRWEB) October 11, 2012
The US Drug Watchdog wants to hear from any metal-on metal hip implant recipient if their hip implant has already failed, or if the hip implant recipient is suffering the symptoms of a metal-on metal hip implant failure, and the group will provide a metal on metal hip implant recipient with the names, and contacts of who they consider to be the best national caliber law firms to help them. The US Drug Watchdog is now calling premature failures of metal on metal hip implants perhaps the largest medical device failure in US history, and they are convinced there are hundreds of thousands of US citizens who are recipients of a metal-on-metal hip implant that has failed, or will fail prematurely. According to the New York Times on December 27th 2011, "The so-called metal-on-metal hips, in which a device's ball and joint are made of metal, are failing at high rates within a few years instead of lasting 15 years or more, as artificial joints normally do. Five hundred thousand US citizens received a all metal hip implant." Recipients of a metal on metal hip implant are encouraged to contact the US Drug Watchdog anytime at 866-714-6466. http://USDrugWatchdog.com
According to the US Drug Watchdog, "Symptoms of a metal-on-metal hip implant failure include pain in the area of the hip implant, loss of flexibility, swelling in the area of the metal-on metal hip implant, loss of mobility, and elevated levels of cobalt, or chromium in the blood stream of the recipient. We think a blood test for cobalt, and or chromium are the best ways for any metal on metal hip implant recipient, has a failed hip implant device." http://USDrugWatchdog.Com
List Of Metal on Metal Hip Implant Manufactures Involved In Litigation Because Of Premature Failures:
DePuy Pinnacle Case Number U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas MDL#2244
DePuy ASR Case Number Ohio Southern Federal District Court Case Number MDL No. 2197AAJ
Stryker Rejuvenate Hip Implant Stem Failure Teleseminar: Metallosis with No Metal on Metal Articulation will address the issues surrounding the latest hip replacement systems recall. On July 6, 2012 Stryker issued a voluntary recall of its Rejuvenate and ABG II modular-neck stems in the United States
Biomet M2a Magnum Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacement U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. (Case No. 3:12-cv-3476) filed on July 2nd 2012
In re Zimmer Durom Cup Product Liability mass tort litigation, MDL NO. 2158 (SDW), which is pending in the federal District Court in New Jersey (time frame 2006-July 2008)
Wright Medical Technology, Inc., Conserve Hip Implant Products Liability Litigation ("MDL No. 2329″). This is now pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
The US Drug Watchdog says, "One of the biggest problems we have with respect to our failed medical device or recalled drug initiative work is the average US consumer never hears about a drug recall or failures involving medical devices like metal-on-metal hip implants. If you have a friend, or loved one who is a recipient of a metal-on metal hip implant that has already failed or is showing symptoms of a failure, or are concerned about a premature failure please call us anytime at 866-714-6466. We want to make certain these metal-on-metal hip implant victims get to the best possible attorneys, to insure they get the best possible compensation for their ordeal." http://USDrugWatchdog.com
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2012/10/prweb9975343.htm


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London, United Kingdom
My Rating
The tour was too rushed. Most of the time was spent travelling and there was only minimal time to appreciate Windsor Castle and especially Bath - 2 hours at least is recommended for the Roman Baths - we had a bit over an hour for the Baths and everything else. It would be better to split the trip into two with more time spent at each - 1. Windsor Castle and more time around Stonehenge 2. A good look around Lacock and an earlier lunch (it was almost 3.00pm! - we all had an early breakfast) and the afternoon to appreciate the history and other attractions of Bath. The tour guide was excellent and I think he realised the deficiencies of the itinerary as he apologised several times for the tight schedule.
London, United Kingdom
My Rating
This tour was excellent. We had plenty of time - about an hour and a half each at Warwick Castle, Stratford and at Oxford - which was enough. The tour guide and bus driver were excellent.
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14 CFR 91.1081 - Crewmember training requirements.
(a) Each program manager must include in its training program the following initial and transition ground training as appropriate to the particular assignment of the crewmember:
(1) Basic indoctrination ground training for newly hired crewmembers including instruction in at least the—
(iii) Contents of the program manager's management specifications (not required for flight attendants); and
(3) Emergency training in § 91.1083.
(b) Each training program must provide the initial and transition flight training in § 91.1103, as applicable.
(c) Each training program must provide recurrent ground and flight training as provided in § 91.1107.
(d) Upgrade training in §§ 91.1101 and 91.1103 for a particular type aircraft may be included in the training program for crewmembers who have qualified and served as second in command on that aircraft.
(e) In addition to initial, transition, upgrade and recurrent training, each training program must provide ground and flight training, instruction, and practice necessary to ensure that each crewmember—
(1) Remains adequately trained and currently proficient for each aircraft, crewmember position, and type of operation in which the crewmember serves; and
Title 14 published on 2014-01-01
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 14.
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Title 14 published on 2014-01-01
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Thursday November 15, 2012
PETALING JAYA: Fully recovered from a recent eye surgery to correct astigmatism, Spanish superstar Sergio Garcia is hoping to finish off the tailend of this season as well as he can now see.
The US$2mil Iskandar Johor Open, from Dec 13-16 at Horizon Hills Golf and Country Club, is the last of three tournaments Garcia will be competing in and he's hoping to shine in his first appearance here.
Garcia, the world No. 22 who has not played since helping Europe to victory over the United States in the Ryder Cup in Medinah in September, will feature in the DP World Tour Championsip in Dubai and the Thailand Golf Championship in Bangkok before heading for the Asian Tour season finale in Johor Baru.
"The surgery went well. I went for a check-up on Monday and was told everything is perfect. My vision is 100% now, so the doctors are very excited about it.
"I can see the difference and I have been practising a bit," said Garcia in a teleconference call arranged by the organisers yesterday.
It also helped that he has improved on his putting and consistency this year.
"I've always had good putting rounds and stretches where I've putted well but consistency wasn't great so that's nice to have now.
" I think that the great thing about the game is that you can always improve, pretty much on every aspect of your game. Mentally you can improve; physically you can get a bit better. You can always find something to tune a little bit more," said Garcia, who is excited to come to Malaysia where he has heard many good things.
"This will be my first time playing in Malaysia, so I am very excited about it. I know golfers who have played in the tournament before, like Retief Goosen, so I have been told great things about it.
"I am excited to see the golf course and enjoy my week there. It should be a great way to end the year for me.
"The goals are simple, I am going to go there and hopefully I am feeling good that week and I can fight for a win.
"A victory will be amazing but if I can play nicely and have a good chance, it will be a good way to end the year," added the 32-year-old Spaniard.
"Coming to Asia, I try to do it every year if I can. I've always said that I am a global player. This year with the eye surgery I couldn't go to China or Australia but I enjoy it.
"That's one of the reasons I am in Dubai next week, I'll go to Thailand to play there then I will go to Malaysia to play in Johor.
"I've always enjoyed that part of the globe and I am looking forward to it."
Asked about the significance of his role in the Ryder Cup team, Garcia said it was special for a couple of reasons.
"One of them, on the Saturday afternoon before we won the last two matches, we were dead. As simple as that, we were done.
"But wow, everything changed, the energy in the team room, how everything lifted up. How we were able to come back on Sunday against such a strong team and those crowds that were very rowdy and great supporters of their team.
"To win away from home, away from Europe made it amazing. To do it for our captain and also for Seve (Ballesteros). All together made it so special," said Garcia, who launched his Junior Golf Academy in Catalunya on Tuesday.
Neighbours heard cries of children being beaten
RM1mil reward offer for information on Dr M's alleged misdeeds
Body of child found buried in kitchen
'Wild' party ends for 51 at popular mall
Money down the drain
Image on Google Street View may be that of missing boy
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States May Give Nurse Practitioners More Authority
With the U.S. facing a shortage of primary care physicians, several states are considering giving more authority to nurse practitioners, according to an April 13 article by AP Medical Writer Carla K. Johnson.
By definition, a nurse practitioner is a registered nurse who has completed an advanced medical education program, usually resulting in a master's or doctorate degree. They are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of most common medical conditions, and are currently allowed to treat a limited number of mental or physical ailments and provide other health care services.
However, due to a predicted shortage of doctors and more than 30 million individuals gaining access to medical insurance due to the recently signed health care reform law, 28 states are considering passing statutes that will help nurse-managed clinics fill the primary care void–a move that will be funded in part by the health care legislation, which earmarks $50 million in funds for nurse-managed clinics that offer medical care to lower-income patients and an additional $50 million to help hospitals train nurse practitioners so that they can diagnose and treat Medicare patients.
"The medical establishment is fighting to protect turf," Johnson writes. "In some statehouses, doctors have shown up in white coats to testify against nurse practitioner bills. The American Medical Association, which supported the national health care overhaul, says a doctor shortage is no reason to put nurses in charge and endanger patients."
"Nurse practitioners argue there's no danger," she continues. "They say they're highly trained and as skilled as doctors at diagnosing illness during office visits. They know when to refer the sickest patients to doctor specialists. Plus, they spend more time with patients and charge less."
Regulations governing what responsibilities a nurse practitioner can have currently vary by state. For example, Alabama and Florida prohibit them from prescribing controlled substances, though Florida's legislature is considering a bill that would alter that policy. On the other hand, nurse practitioners in Montana do not need to have a doctor associated with their practice in any way, though most states require that doctors be placed in charge of or collaborate with their practices.
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Research Output for Saeed M. Hashimi
Note: The 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 publications have not been audited.
Jump to: Publications | Grants and Consultancies | HDR completions
Saeed M. Hashimi may be from another institution or only recently joined Deakin University.
2013 External
Li, Chun*, Hashimi, Saeed M.*, Cao, Siyu*, Mellick, Albert S.*, Duan, Wei, Good, David* and Wei, Ming Q.* (2013) The mechanisms of Chansu in inducing efficient apoptosis in colon cancer cells, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, vol. 2013, pp. 1-11, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, New York, N. Y. [C1]
ERA journal ID: 34155 – Scopus EID: 2-s2.0-84879407524
Citation counts: Scopus - 1
DRO entry for this publication
2012 External
Li, Chun*, Hashimi, Saeed M.*, Good, David A.*, Cao, Siyu*, Duan, Wei, Plummer, Prue N.*, Mellick, Albert S.* and Wei, Ming Q.* (2012) Apoptosis and microRNA aberrations in cancer, Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 739-746, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia [C1]
ERA journal ID: 3156 – Scopus EID: 2-s2.0-84864312441
Citation counts: Scopus - 1, Thomson - 4
DRO entry for this publication
Grants and Consultancies
No grants and/or consultancies found or audited – the 2014 HERDC financial return has not been completed or loaded as yet.
Higher Degree by Research Completions supervised by Saeed M. Hashimi
No completions found or audited.
- Legend:
- * Not a member of Deakin University at time of output.
DRO to publications collection last synchronised: Thursday 28th May 2015 10:04pm


text: Home > PHOTON PROTON PRO Click Image To Enlarge PHOTON PROTON PRO (0 Reviews) Rate This Product $69.95 Item Is In Stock Add To Cart Add To Wishlists Item number: 358210 Free Shipping On Orders Over $45* Learn More 60 Day Return Policy Learn More Have A Question? Contact Us You May Also Enjoy Description The Proton Pro is designed and engineered to the highest standards. It is only about 3.5 inches long but offers a 115 lumen brilliance in white mode and a 12 lumen brilliance in red mode. Waterproof aluminum case features positive on/off and glow-in-the-dark seal. Works with any AA battery. 24k gold contacts with lifetime warranty. Wt: 1.6 oz. Customer Reviews Be the first one to review this product!(requires login)


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/1147
|University of Missouri Extension Energy Programming [abstract]
|Day, Don
|University of Missouri (System)
Energy Infrastructure
renewable energy production
conservation education program
energy independence
|University of Missouri Extension has developed and is implementing a comprehensive statewide renewable energy production and conservation education program. The research based educational program is being lead by a statewide energy team consisting of regional and campus extension faculty. The long term goal is develop, implement and evaluate a nationally recognized educational program that will improve the energy independence and economic viability of Missouri. The program involves faculty from the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, College of Engineering, College of Human Environmental Sciences & MU Extension. Energy education has been will be incorporated into MU Extension's five major area - agriculture and natural resources, human environmental sciences, community development, business and industry development, 4-H & youth. For each of the program thrusts - curriculum, guide sheets, educational programs and information on a website is being developed and evaluated. Extension faculty will have access to a toolbox of materials that can be used to deliver the various programs. The materials will be research-based and give clientele unbiased information with which to make energy decisions related to their homes, businesses and communities. Several extension faculty are involved in the national eXtension Communities of Practice. The eXtension network is national webased network of the best educational resources accessable 24/7/365.
Items in MOspace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


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Common folk
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Terry Williams and Tony Ballard, merged as a band to form Common Folk and brought reality to what was once a lifelong dream. A sound simply to be described as Alternative Soul. Get up to date news about Common Folk like where they are performing, TV shows,new music and new interest. These talented performers won't disappoint you.
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Avalon Waterways Luxury Cruise Reviews
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Duration: 09:53
|Gezuar me Qumilin 2014 (Eurolindi & ETC)
|Copyright © EuroLindi & EMW10. All rights reserved. ''Me i miri me me te Miret'' Producent: Bujar Avdimetaj EMW10 në Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TheEMW......
YouTubeMP3s.co.uk™ is a free YouTube to MP3 downloader tool. The application is easy to use and you need to simply copy the URL address of the YouTube video and paste it in the text box above. Click "Convert" and our platform will then convert the YouTube video and display MP3 download link. The application is platform independent and enables you to download YouTube videos in MP3 audio format to your computer, Mac or mobile device without downloading and using third-party software. Our YouTube MP3 downloader service is free of charge and subject to the terms and conditions of use.


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Staff Correspondent
Farmers in tail-end region upset over shortage of water
Crops will wither soon, say farmers Superintending Engineer promises water in five daysExecutive Engineer says it is not possibleMLAs pacify agitated farmers, ask them to wait for the next five or six daysNearly 1,000 illegal pumpsets have been installed upstream
DAVANGERE: Noisy scenes marred the meeting of farmers of the Bhadra tail-end region and the officials of the Irrigation Department here on Wednesday. At one point, farmers were about to assault the officials, but were prevented by Harpanahalli MLA P.T. Parameshwara Naik and Mayakonda MLA Ravindranath.
Farmers were upset about not getting Bhadra water to their fields through the canal. They said officials should be held responsible if the standing crops withered for want of water. Farmers in the tail-end region did not get water even after 25 days of water was released from the Bhadra Reservoir to the canal. They alleged that it was because of the callousness of the officials. After the meeting that lasted four hours, Superintending Engineer Venkappa said he will ensure that farmers in the tail-end region get water in five days. However, Executive Engineer of the Irrigation Department, Murthy, said it was not possible. Farmers started shouting against the contradictory statements made by officials of the department.
The MLAs then pacified the farmers and asked them to wait for the next five or six days. If the promise is not fulfilled, they will agitate, the MLAs said.
Meanwhile, the MLAs also asked the Superintending Engineer to write to the Secretary of the Irrigation Department, asking him to come to Davangere next Tuesday, the day on which a meeting of the farmers is scheduled.
Earlier, Mr. Ravindranath and Mr. Parameshwara Naik said that they had toured many villages in the tail-end region and found that the standing crops were on the verge of withering because of lack of water. "Go to villages and see the plight of the farmers," they told the officials. The water level in the reservoir was the maximum following the good rain last year, they said. Water was provided to farmers even when the dam was not filled to capacity earlier, they said.
The Executive Engineer said that there was a similar demand for water from farmers upstream. They also noted that a large number of farmers were drawing water illegally from the channel using pumpsets. Nearly 1,000 illegal pumpsets have been installed upstream, between the 61 km and 103 km stretch on the canal. As a result, water, which was let into the canal, was not reaching the tail-end areas. Officials promised that they will release the stipulated 1,200 cusecs of water so that water reaches tail-end areas. The Executive Engineer said that he will appeal to his superiors to launch a drive to remove illegal pumpsets.


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The Iowa Organic Association and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach Value Added Agriculture Program invite farmers to tour Grain Millers Inc., a small-grain processing facility located in St. Ansgar, Iowa, on Friday, Feb. 7. The tour and program take a look at the challenges organic farmers and food processors have finding providing organic commodities to meet increased demand for organic food.
Emerald Ash Borer has been positively identified in a residential tree in the city of Creston, making this the fifth location where the invasive beetle has been found in Iowa. EAB kills all ash tree species and is considered to be one of the most destructive tree pests ever seen in North America.
To help farmers in their decision-making, Iowa Learning Farms has launched a new tool to help calculate and compare the costs of using cover crops, including seed, application and chemical termination. It is available as an Excel file on the ILF website.
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach will host three meetings in January to address emerging opportunities related to stover harvesting for the biomass feedstock needs of local industries.
High tunnel bramble production will be offered as an educational track at the Iowa Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association's annual conference Jan. 23-24 in Ankeny.
Agricultural producers applying for value-added producer grants can find resources to assist them through the Agricultural Marketing Resource Center at Iowa State University Extension and Outreach.
Iowa farmers are increasingly concerned about herbicide-resistant weeds and are changing their weed management practices to deal with the issue, according to the 2013 Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll.
Identifying pests, diseases, disorders and developmental stages in Midwestern corn crops just became easier with the second edition of Iowa State University's popular Corn Field Guide.
Iowa Learning Farms, along with Practical Farmers of Iowa, will host three Iowa cover crop field days in mid-November. The field days will focus on using cover crops to aid in the reduction of soil erosion and improving soil health as part of the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy.
More Iowa farmers are planting cover crops late in the growing season, a practice the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy identified as one way to help protect Iowa's water quality. Iowa's nutrient reduction plan is voluntary, which means it is not regulated. However – it is not optional.
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Sheep can live outside all year round as their thick woolly coats called a fleece keeps them warm.
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Join us on one of our animal encounters tractor & trailer ride to meet the sheep. We have lots of different breeds. The tractor and trailer ride is included within the admission to make it part of your fantastic family day out in the Brecon Beacons.
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text: M Carranco - In Private (Original Mix) (SC Promo Edit) - OUT NOW !!! by Manuel Carranco published on 2013/10/26 21:27:30 +0000 --------------------------------------------------------------- OUT NOW on Beatport, ITunes, and Main Digital Stores by LAD Records !!! – iTunes - http://bit.ly/1bG9dBT – Beatport - http://btprt.dj/1atNq0M – Junodownload - http://bit.ly/1aG19OQ – DjShop - http://bit.ly/1arpuev – DjTunes - http://bit.ly/HSx3kM – Pure Connect - http://bit.ly/18v8gdd – 7Digital – http://bit.ly/HSx4oR – Medianet – http://bit.ly/HOfVMO – Google Play - http://bit.ly/1bzuejA – Amazon - http://amzn.to/1bG9Aw9 ------------------------------------------------------------- M CARRANCO is back with this new release lifted from his phenomenal "In Private". This EP features his unmistakable dark and sexy vocals of himself and got the remix treatment by THE MAE who rework this wonderful song into a fierce yet soulful dance floor thumper laced with entrancing melodies, who deliver a marvelous utterly soulful rendition, and last but not least to say that this EP consists of two parts, the second one that will be released in the forthcoming months and is tittled "In Public". Also is included in this pack the original radio version.


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Purple Jester
Mardi Gras Jester Adult Women's Costume
Bring the excitement of Mardi Gras to any party you go to in this Mardi Gras Jester costume. This regal purple dress features a plunging, gold ruffled neckline, checkered print and ruffled skirt. The feathered mini jester hat and ruffled wristlets are also included in this fun costume!
Mardi Gras Queen Adult Womens Costume
…a Queen. You'll be the Queen of Bourbon Street in this Mardi Gras Queen adult womens costume. This regal purple dress features a plunging, feathered neckline, checkered print, purple sequined peplum, and sparkling gold trim. This womens costume will surely bring a taste of Mardi Gras to wherever…
Mardi Gras Jolly Jester Adult Costume
Make merry this Mardi Gras in a colorful and classic Mardi Gras Jester costume. Purple and green clash in colorful chaotic style to create this classic comediclook. Stroll the boulevard in New Orleans style and get the party started in this colorful unisex costume.
Mardi Gras Glitter Top Hat
Step into Mardi Gras style with this sparkling top hat! With gold, green and purple glitter stripes, this funny hat screams Fat Tuesday fun!
Mardi Gras Mambo Hat
Go crazy and dance the night away this Mardi Gras in this holiday Mambo hat! This funny hat comes in plush purple with gold and green trim, perfect for parades, masquerades, and parties.
Venetian Fantasy Adult Costume
Reign over the festivities this season in this majestic Ventetian Fantasy adult Halloween costume. Layer the striking coat over the matching cumberbund and dickey for a queenly look, and add a carnival mask (sold separately) for some fantasy costume flair. Team up with the Karnivale King for a regal…