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The invention provides a method and system for monitoring a computer network and determining whether the network faces a threat from users. In the event that the existence of a threat is determined, the system in accordance with the invention provides a real-time assessment of the threat to the network and responds to prevent damage to the network.
1. A method for detecting unauthorized intrusion in a computer network, comprising the steps of:
copying packets that are being transmitted in real-time over the computer network;
sorting the copied packets based on port type;
sending packets of a particular port type to one or more port modules, each port module being designed for processing packets of a single port type;
processing packets with each port module by reviewing and comparing information from various parts of each packet;
determining a presence and absence of port-specific activities based on each packet with each port module;
generating binary vectors representing the presence and absence of port-specific activities based on each packet with each port module;
assessing each binary vector and determining a level of expertise and deception for the port-specific activities represented by the binary vector with each port module;
outputting a behavioral rating from each port module in real-time based on the assessing and determining steps, the behavioral rating comprising at least two dimensions of deception and expertise.
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15. A system for preventing unauthorized intrusion in a network system, comprising:
a traffic sorter for sorting copied packets based on port type;
an activity monitor operatively coupled to the traffic sorter, the activity monitor comprising a plurality of port modules, each port module being designed for processing packets of a single type and processing packets by reviewing and comparing information from various parts of each packet and determining a presence and absence of port-specific activities based on each packet, each port module outputting a behavioral rating in real-time based, the behavioral rating comprising at least two dimensions of deception and expertise;
an inter-port fusion module operatively coupled to the activity monitor for grouping behavioral ratings received from the port modules of the activity monitor; and
an outcome director operatively coupled to the inter-port fusion monitor that determines whether to block or track user activities based upon the behavioral ratings received from the inter-port fusion module.
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1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a computer network security system. More specifically, the invention provides a system and method allowing network access and proactively detecting and preventing unauthorized intrusion of the network based upon real-time assessment of behavior and intent.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
The development of network computing has allowed widely dispersed users to interact, communicate, and share resources via a computer network. The interconnected nature of networks makes them susceptible to intrusion by unauthorized users. Network intruders may range from innocent users who inadvertently gain access to information intended for delivery to another party to sophisticated and highly skilled intruders intending to access a secured site to inflict damage or perpetrate theft.
Conventional network intrusion detection systems can be divided into two different approaches: i.) pattern matching systems; and ii.) anomaly detection systems. Pattern matching systems operate by observing an intruder and looking for a set pattern based upon previous activity. Over time, through the observation of different intruders, a collection of patterns is compiled and may be used for broad-based detection of previously observed attacks. While this approach can provide broad protection against known or observed intrusion techniques, it does not protect against new intrusion techniques.
More recently, anomaly detection systems have been developed that generate statistical profiles of normal activity for a specific network or subnet. These profiles are usually generated via standard statistical methods or by self-adjusting neural networks that learn statistically "normal" responding on a network. If a user appears outside of the "norm," then a warning may be issued or the user may be blocked. Non-normal activity may include any activity not falling within previously identified activity that is deemed allowable. Unfortunately, authorized users, as well as others who present no threat of damage or theft, can exhibit "non-normal" activity and can have access blocked or terminated, as well as intended intruders. Furthermore, because these past activity profiles are developed for a specific network, they cannot be carried over and incorporated into other networks.
Both the conventional pattern matching and anomaly detection network security systems are based upon either capturing the past activity of intruders labeled as harmful or capturing the past activity of non-intrusion activity labeled as statistically normal. However, these systems are unable to proactively prevent intrusion damage created by first time attacks or even modifications of previous attacks. In general, the earlier an attack can be detected, the less overall damage it can cause to a victim.
As described above, conventional network security systems are reactive, whether based on pattern matching or anomaly detection methodologies, and do not provide effective protection against unknown and unfamiliar types of intrusions in an accurate manner (without raising the false positive and false negative rates). Thus, there is a need for a network security system that: proactively identifies network intruders; identifies unique first-time attacks based on attack modifications and traditional attacks; assists in identifying hackers by intent patterns who return to a site with a different source address; and responds to all attacks immediately to prevent further intrusion and damage.
Any system that is proactive and capable of identifying first time attacks must be able to anticipate that harmful activity is going to occur if actual damage is to be prevented. In other words, if a system is to be preventative in natures intrusive damage or theft can be prevented only by anticipating its occurrence quickly enough for preventative measures to be taken. The invention provides a system and method for proactively assessing behavioral characteristics of users to determine the intent to conduct unauthorized intrusions into or within a computer network and responding appropriately to prevent theft or damage.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the system simultaneously tracks all users who exhibit activity directed at priority-designated ports or services (i.e. e-mail or web traffic.) as they enter and navigate through the network, as well as across-port activity. The system then assesses specific behavior and activity repeatedly and in real-time. Once a target for assessment is identified, the system then determines whether the network user navigating through a site intends to cause damage or conduct theft or does not intend to behave as an intruder. The system is able to identify first-time attacks based on attack modifications in addition to more traditional known attacks. Finally, the system takes action when necessary to prevent intrusion damage.
Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a network security system that proactively identifies network intruders.
It is another object of the invention to provide a network security system that identifies unique first time attacks based upon attack modifications and traditional attacks.
It is another object of the invention to provide a network security system that assists in the identification of hackers by intent patterns who return to a site with different source addresses.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a network security system that responds to all attacks immediately to prevent further intrusion and damage.
In accordance with the objects outlined above, the invention provides a method for detecting unauthorized intrusion in a network that includes the steps of receiving packet level activity information from the network, sorting port specific activity information from the received packet level activity information, monitoring the port specific activity information and executing at least one of a blocking action or a tracking action based upon the monitored port specific activity information.
The invention further provides a system for protecting against unauthorized intrusion in a network system that includes a traffic sorter, an activity monitor, an inter-port fusion module and outcome director.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the drawings.
The computer network includes an external router 110 coupled to a switch 115. The switch 115 is coupled to the intrusion prevention system 105 and to a firewall 170. The firewall 170 is also coupled to an internal network 180. The intrusion prevention system 105 is also coupled to a tracking module 175.
As shown in
The intrusion prevention system 105 essentially acts as a sniffer on the network, gathering and processing a copy of all traffic going in and coming from the network. Assessment decisions formed by processing copied traffic are forwarded to either the existing firewall 170 or the external router 110, both of which are external to the intrusion prevention system 105.
Each of the monitors (the cross-port module 142, the port Y intrusion prevention module 144, the port X intrusion prevention module 146 and the SMTP intrusion prevention module 148) apply real-time automated assessment technology, as described in greater detail below, to process network activity and to differentiate intrusive from non-intrusive intent for respective targeted port activity.
In operation, data traffic arrives from the Internet 120 and leaves the computer network. The external router 110 routes data traffic to and from the computer network and the Internet 120. A firewall 170, also coupled to the intrusion prevention system 105, provides a barrier between data traffic and end users of a network, or subnet.
As shown in
The inter-port fusion module 160 combines assessment results across the port monitors 142, 144, 146 and 148 when more than one port monitor is used at any given time to track session behavior (individual activity). The inter-port fusion monitor 160, thus, generates a combined assessment and forwards a combined assessment result to an outcome director 165. The outcome director 165 outputs an instruction to block or track a user based upon combined assessment from the inter-port fusion monitor 160. The outcome director 165 is governed by a set of rules that determines whether a given assessment merits blocking or tracking. The outcome director 165 rules may be tuned to a given network so that the reaction to a given assessment can be varied.
The output from the outcome director 165 may be routed to either the tracking module 175, where the user's activities are tracked, or to the firewall 170, where the instruction to block access is acted on. The instruction to track a user is forwarded by the outcome director 165 to the tracking function 175, which serves as an evidence-gathering module. The determination to block or track a user with assessed harmful intent is pre-determined by a system administrator as a general default, or for a specific intruder. For example, if the need is to protect the network without exception, all intruders exhibiting assessed harmful activity will be blocked. If the purpose Is to gather evidence on intruders (or a specific intruder), all relevant activity, including assessed intent will be forwarded to a tracking module 175, where evidence of harmful intent and actual activity is gathered and stored. If activity at a current time cycle is not suspicious, it does not mean that an intrusion will not occur. Thus, while certain activity will not trigger a blocking or tracking action due to sub-threshold expertise and deception assessments, specified user activities will be continually tracked throughout a session and temporarily stored in the event that assessed threatening behavior occurs during subsequent time cycles later in the user's session.
One of the underlying principles of the intrusion prevention system 105 according to the invention is a recognition that a specific user's intent can change over time. Authorized traffic can quickly turn from authorized to unauthorized traffic or suspicious activity, which needs immediate attention to prevent damage to a targeted system. By constantly tracking all relevant port traffic by user, the intrusion prevention system 105 is capable of making assessment decisions in real time. Activity not targeted for the intrusion prevention system 105 detection is differentiated from the intrusion prevention system 105 targeted port activity by the traffic sorter 130 within the intrusion prevention system 105.
The activity translator module 220 receives input from parsers within the activity analysis module 210. The activity translator processes activity from a user and designates various activities as binary "1" if present and "0" if absent. For example, specific commands and activities used by an intruder and designated as activities to be tracked will be tracked and converted via a transducer function to a binary representation of the presence ("1") or absence ("0") of that activity in the activity translator module 220.
The activity translator module 220, as a centralized coordinating function, receives input from all transducer functions and forms a binary vector by user, which consists of a set of the combined 1's and 0's that correspond to the presence and absence, respectively, of all monitored activities for a user at a set time cycle. This vector information is then forwarded to the assessment module 230. As is described in detail below, the assessment module 230 generates an assessment for a given user of the network based upon the binary input information provided by the activity translator module 220. The assessment module is trained to convert activity information into an assessment rating.
The packet activity analysis module 310 and activity translator module 320 within each specific port monitor work sequentially to first identify monitored activities and to then translate the activities to "present" and "absent" binary format. The binary "present" and "absent" provide data from an input vector for the BPN assessment module 330. The BPN or assessment module 330 produces an accurate rating within each session for the single to multiple activities exhibited by a user and presented to the BPN 330 as input for that time cycle. This assessment provides, in real-time, a determination of expertise and deception represented by the combination of activities, even if the combination had not been previously encountered. Unlike current commercial systems, the BPN 330 automated assessment within the intrusion prevention system 105 can make a reliable determination of intent represented by a combination of activities within a packet or series of packets that has not been previously encountered as a specific combination. The BPN 330 provides outputs 340 that are based upon all of the behavioral information monitored by the sample port activity monitor 300. The BPN 330 essentially considers each and every type of specified activity monitored and generates a profile of the monitored user. This profile indicates whether a user is exhibiting harmful intent and should be blocked or tracked based on options set. If a user is not judged to be exhibiting harmful intent, he is considered to be "non-harmful." The outputs 340 are ultimately directed to either a blocking function 350 or a tracking function 360 based on decision criteria established by the system administrator.
The BPN is the foundation of the assessment module 330. The BPN is trained to recognize behavioral characteristics associated with each single monitored activity (antecedents). According to one embodiment of the invention, the BPN output may be represented as orthogonal X-Y coordinates formed by dimensions of deception and expertise. In an embodiment in which more than 2 dimensions are used, such as the addition of persistence and accuracy to deception and expertise dimensions, a hyperdimensonal region determination rather than an X-Y coordinate decision space is created. The assessment function is concluded with a categorization of the activity into one of several user intent classes determined by degree of deception and expertise present for that assessment cycle.
Each "single" activity rating for each dimension of deception and expertise for this embodiment of the invention is determined by an expert panel trained in intrusion techniques, as well as information gained from the study of actual intrusions and from the current literature. Whereas it is possible to determine dimension ratings for one single activity at a time along one dimension at a time, it is exceedingly difficult for human experts to rate multiple activities occurring simultaneously across more than one dimension. Therefore, a methodology that can use single activity ratings along combined and orthogonal dimensions to produce accurate ratings for multiple activities, even if not previously encountered, is a hallmark of the intrusion prevention system neural network assessment function.
More specifically, an input vector representative of behavior is processed by the trained BPN 330 with its output 340 designated as behavioral ratings across expertise and deception domains. For any given input element, the BPN 330 returns an output indicating the degree of expertise and deception represented by the presence of that specific activity. To be more precise, specific network activities are viewed as antecedents to intent that may be manifested as intrusion or non-intrusion behaviors. Given the presence of a specific monitored activity, or combination of monitored activities, the BPN 330 returns an assessment and a determination of the intent and deception that are most likely associated with the activity. The assessment functions are ultimately monitored by a blocking function 350 and a tracking function 360 within the outcome director 165 (depicted in
Combinations of monitored activity across the BPN input layer return an overall accurate assessment of these characteristics, even if the combinations have not been previously encountered. As a last step, the BPN ratings are superimposed on a conceptual grid whereby expertise and deception dimensions are orthogonal. The grid coordinates create four cells: high deception-high expertise (HD/HE), high deception-low expertise (HD/LE), low deception-high expertise (HD/HE), and low deception-low expertise (LD/LE).
The BPN 330 shown in
The BPN process, which consists of receiving binary input and producing an assessment output, is almost instantaneous. This real-time process occurs for any single to multiple activites represented at the BPN's input layer for that particular time cyle. The assessment result takes, the form of a scoring decision across four quadrants created by the intersection of dimensions of expertise and deception, For this particular example, the four quadrants are: high deception-high expertise [HD/HE], high deception-low expertise [HD/LE], low deception-high expertise (LD/HE), and low deception-low expertise [LD/LE]. Immediately following the determination of harmful intent, specific functions 350 and 360 process the BPN output to determine if each respective function should emit an active output instruction.
In this example, if the assessment via the fusion module places the activity of the user into the high deception-high expertise category, the blocking function 350 will initiate an instruction to block the user from entry or will terminate the session. In cases where evidence gathering is required and set as an option (as opposed to blocking for HD/HE or LD/HD activity), the tracking function 360 will initiate a tracking instruction to the tracking module 175 to save the user activity to a special file and/or direct the user to a honeypot or similar functions.
It is important to note that decision boundaries for tracking and blocking are distinct and allow maximum flexibility across these two decision areas via options that can be set by a system administrator. For example, options may be set to track users exhibiting behavior across the three quadrants not exhibiting the highest expertise and deception ratings and block all users whose activity reaches the upper right quadrant represented as high expertise and high deception. Any combination of tracking and blocking actions can be adjusted via quadrant thresholds. To illustrate with another example, the administrator may choose to not conduct tracking by setting tracking thresholds off and only block users whose activity reaches the high expertise and high deception quadrant. Actual disposition (e.g., block or track) is adjustable via threshold rules and can be determined by a system administrator to meet idiosyncratic security needs.
It is also important to note that regardless of tracking and blocking options, an individual user is tracked by session continuously until either the user is blocked (session terminated as a result of activity exceeding harmful intent thresholds) or the user terminates his connection. Continuous session monitoring is based on the premise that harmful intent may not be exhibited immediately by expert hackers and occur later in a session.
The assessment results, as well as other specifics such as time, etc., are saved to a database. In the event that a user is determined to be exhibiting harmful intent, his/her session data are sorted and filed in such a manner that the assessment information and associated data represent an intrusion profile for that specific intruder. Such automatically generated profiles are used to check against active session data to assist in the determination that an identified intruder may be attempting access again by exhibiting similar patterns of activity, although a different source address may be used. It is assumed that although source identification may change, activity patterns represented by expertise and deception assessments, as well as supportive information such as time, etc. are more stable.
The neural network pattern classification function is not limited to a BPN but may incorporate other neural network systems, as well as multidimensional statistical procedures. Likewise, the characteristics used for assessment are not limited to expertise and deception dimensions. Characteristics such as persistence and accuracy, among others, are useful as antecedent assessment dimensions, as well.
In step S520, the system uses information in the IP packets and port specific TCP and UDP packets to determine where to route the traffic. The process then moves to step S530.
In step S530, the system filters the routed information, establishes a session by user (source address), determines the presence or absence of specific monitored activity at the packet level and assigns the activity binary representations with a "1" indicating the presence of a specific monitored activity and a "0" indicating the absence of a specific monitored activity. The process then moves to step S540.
In step S540, the system conducts an assessment of the activity utilizing the assessment module or BPN as described above. The process then moves to step S550. In step S550, the system fuses the results from the assessment agent for respective port monitors if sessions are apparent across port monitors. If no other sessions have been established, then the assessment for the single port monitor proceeds and no combining of results is needed. The process then moves to step S560 and S580 simultaneously.
In step S560, the system determines whether the activity should be tracked based on tracking thresholds and in step S580 the system determines if the user's access should be blocked based on blocking thresholds. Blocking or tracking is mutually exclusive and established by adjustable thresholds by a system administrator. If in either steps S560 or S580, the system determines that the activity should not be tracked or blocked, then the process moves to stop S595 and continues until such time that the user terminates the session him or herself or until the user's activity becomes threatening. If in step S560 the system determines that the activity should be tracked, the process moves to step S570.
In step S570, the system stores the tracking related information as a means to establish evidence of intrusive behavior in a specialized tracking database. If in step 580 it was determined that the user's access should be terminated, the process moves to S590. In step S590, the system initiates a blocking instruction to the firewall 170, all information is stored in a blocking database, and the intruders connection is terminated automatically. From step S595, the process moves to step S597 where the process stores the session information in a session storage database.
It is important to make distinctions among three database functions. First, a session database may be provided whereby a user's activities and ratings are stored to allow tracking of expertise and deception repeatedly for the duration of a session Second, a tracking database may be provided whereby specialized evidence gathering data based on transferred session data are stored and which may be used to provide "proof" of a specific intruder's activities once a tracking decision has been made. Third, a blocking database may be provided that stores all relevant information generated in the session database that provides the sequence of events and ratings leading to the loss of access for a user. Unless an automated decision based on tracking or blocking criteria is made to store session and related data or unless the system administrator wishes to store expertise and deception profiles of non-harmful users, the session database is cleared for a user when the user exits the network.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Moving Pieces
Innovative Israeli choreographers redefine the language of contemporary dance in a pair of contrasting shows in the United States
This month the work of two Israeli dance innovators has come to our shores: Emanuel Gat's Preludes et Fugues created for the Ballet du Grand Théâtre de Genève, and Inbal Pinto & Avshalom Pollak Dance Company's Oyster. Gat's work is pared down, examining the relationship of bodies connecting in space. Pinto and Pollak synthesize theater, visual art, and dance to develop character studies of the human condition. The compositions could not be more different, and their diversity is a testament to the sophisticated variety of Israeli modern dance. Both of these dance artists go beyond putting steps onstage—they aim to remodel the language of choreography.
"There are two ways of approaching choreography: inventing and discovering," said Gat in an interview. "I choose the second approach. Instead of designing a new vision, I uncover the mechanisms, the logic, and the movement that is already there. I don't think of myself as creating a dance; instead, I am creating an environment where choreography can happen."
On Tuesday night, Ballet du Grand Théâtre de Genève performed the New York premiere of Gat's Préludes et Fugues as part of a weeklong stand at the Joyce Theater. Set to excerpts from "The Well-Tempered Clavier," the hypnotic evening-length piece is a choreographic reflection on the music of Johann Sebastian Bach.
"Préludes et Fugues [is not] an attempt to illustrate the music of Bach, nor translate it into movement, but rather a proposition for a co-existence of structures," Gat wrote in the program notes. "In the same way the art of music relates to our deepest selves, so does dance bare the capacity to convey substance through moving, ever-changing structures."
In Préludes et Fugues, Gat creates a landscape of sinuous patterns. On the darkly lit stage, the dancers, dressed in pedestrian costumes, form an interconnected community. They play off the intricacies of the piano fugue, repeating themes and moving in canons. As performers run, jump, or slide to the ground, they maintain a constant connection to everyone else onstage.
The choreography is complex: quick staccato footwork interspersed with long voluminous adagios. The dancers rarely move in exact unison, and their different movement phrases and varied facings create a layered, rippling effect. The simplest gestures—the undulation of the arm, the curving of a back, the caress of a cheek—have luxurious fullness. Skilled technicians, the dancers unleash wild jumps and kicks while maintaining the pristine accuracy of ballet technique.
In recent years Théâtre de Genève, which has a century-old classical ballet heritage, has reached out to emerging contemporary choreographers. The ballet director Philippe Cohen commissioned the piece after seeing Gat's work in Europe.
"Emanuel's work is really pure. No big effects, just men and women dancing in this very human way," said Cohen. "I knew it would be a challenge for my dancers. There was a great deal of improvisation, and they are used to more classical training, but it turned out just perfect. There is this beautiful flow from dancer to dancer—it is artistry defined."
Préludes et Fugues uses music and movement to investigate human interaction. Reacting to each other's movements, holding and pushing each other in complex lifts and partnered turns, the performers of Préludes et Fugues dance in constant dialogue. Through this moving maze, the dancers often pause to watch one another. Certain dancers break off into solos, duets, and trios exploring more intimate conversations: One pair chases one another while another couple plays follow-the-leader. There is no storyline, but a clear struggle between the individual and the group. Even the most abstract movements are a comment about personal relationships.
"I never understood what abstract dance is," Gat said. "It's people. How abstract can it get?"
Gat began dancing at the same time that contemporary dance started to blossom in Israel. The country always had a strong folk-dance tradition, and the dancers of the first large companies, Batsheva and Bat-Dor, collaborated with some of the world's most esteemed choreographers, such as Martha Graham and Alvin Ailey. The 1990s brought Israel into a new phase. The Suzanne Dellal Centre, an institution devoted to developing dance performance, was built in 1989, giving young choreographers new opportunities to create work. In 1990, visionary choreographer Ohad Naharin took the position of director of Batsheva. His powerful choreography and the development of his movement language, Gaga, inspired a new generation of dancers to reconsider their approach and push past the limits of traditional technique.
It was in this nurturing environment that Gat presented his first solo work, Four Dances, in 1994, only a year after he started performing professionally. He established his own company, Emanuel Gat Dance, in Tel Aviv in 2004, touring extensively in Israel and abroad. A residency brought his group to Istres, France, and in 2007 he decided to make France the company's permanent home. Since then he has created numerous award-winning pieces for his own troupe as well as for other prestigious companies such as the Paris Opera Ballet and the Sydney Dance Company.
"Dancing abroad was never the master plan. It just happened," said Gat. "I don't think about it so consciously, but I'm sure that creating dance in a new country has impacted my work and my ideas."
Interacting with foreign audiences has been a big part of the experience of many Israeli dance companies. Pinto and Pollak, based in Tel Aviv since 1992, are a partnership of dancer and graphic designer Inbal Pinto and actor Avshalom Pollak. The group has performed in Asia, South America, and Europe and brought Oyster to the United States this past January and February. "We really grow by connecting with diverse audiences. And for some, we may be the only Israelis they have ever seen."
Pinto and Pollak's work entices the viewer in a completely different way from the spare esthetic of Gat's. Lush with vibrant costumes and commanding sets, Oyster is a surrealist fantasy world where puppets, dolls, and clowns come to life. There are myriad vignettes: scenes of a circus sideshow, clowns on leashes, and a doll dancing a tango while floating from a harness high in the air. The bizarre characters of Oyster have extreme personalities: A petite ballerina doll is whimsical, and an elderly lady clown is abusive. Pinto and Pollak juxtapose the pretty with the ugly, reflecting the volatility of human behavior.
The co-directors take part in all aspects of creation, from music arrangement to costume design. They are collage artists, assembling ballet and commedia dell'arte like a Rauschenberg combine. They utilize sketches to inspire some pieces and improvisational exercises to create others, but they place the greatest emphasis on the final product. "There is no recipe to our creation," said Pollak. "Each piece starts from an idea, but once it is made it takes on a life all its own."
Developing new ways to paint the human experience onstage, Gat and Pinto and Pollak are two of Israel's most successful dance start-ups. They are true experimentalists, recognized around the world for their inventive movement style and fearless compositions. Bodies are able to communicate where words fail, and these choreographers break the language barrier with refined work that captures themes relevant to the Israeli experience while remaining universal.
"The choreographic process brings my ideas out," said Gat. "I don't set out to do a piece about conflict, but after we go through the process this idea may be reflected. If the audience has a specific narrative in mind they may see it in the work."
War Papers
A trove of medieval scrolls, smuggled out of Afghanistan into the hands of London art dealers, could shed new light on a once-vibrant Jewish heritage
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On This Page
This article discusses Code Pages in Visual FoxPro and covers the following topics:
Description of a Code PageA code page is a set of characters specific to a language or hardware platform. In Visual FoxPro, a code page is a table of characters and corresponding numbers in memory that Visual FoxPro uses to display data properly.
Some characters available in one code page are not available in another, and accented characters are not represented by the same values across platforms and code pages.
How Visual FoxPro Uses Code PagesWhen you create a file with a table file structure, Visual FoxPro automatically gives it a code page mark, indicating which code page the file uses. For example, if you enter the letter C in a .DBF file, the letter is stored on your hard disk as the number 67. When you open the file, Visual FoxPro determines its code page, inspects the code page to find the character corresponding to the number 67, and then displays the character (C) on your monitor.
Using Code Pages in the Development EnvironmentVisual FoxPro supports many code pages and each code page contains characters unique to certain locales. If you want to create an application for a specific locale, you must create the application's components using the code page designed for that locale and environment. For example, to create an application for use in Russia, you should use code page 1251, 866, or 10007 for users in the Windows, MS-DOS, or Macintosh environments, respectively.
TIP: To create successive files with the same code page, first specify the code page by setting the CODEPAGE parameter in the CONFIG.FPW file. Then restart Visual FoxPro before creating the files.
Checking for Code Page Marks in .DBF FilesYou can determine whether a .DBF file has a code page mark by using the CPDBF() function after opening the file or by having Visual FoxPro check when you open the file. To check for code page marks automatically:
Entering Code Page Characters Not Represented by Keys on the KeyboardIf you need to enter characters not represented by keys on your keyboard, you must enter these characters using the ALT key in conjunction with keys on the numeric keypad. However, remember that the same key combination in different environments often displays different results. For example, if you enter ALT+0182 with code page 1252 in Visual FoxPro, you see a paragraph symbol. In contrast, if you enter ALT+0182 with code page 437 in FoxPro for MS-DOS, you see a graphic character with a double vertical line meeting a single horizontal line.
Using Code Pages from Earlier Versions of FoxProIf you use a file from an earlier version of FoxPro, the file might not have a code page mark. If the mark is missing when you open the file, Visual FoxPro prompts you for a code page and then marks the file with it. However, if the code page is incorrect, some characters in the file might not display properly. If this happens, remove the code page mark, and then add the appropriate mark.
TIP: Instead of setting the Prompt for Code Page check box, you can use the SET CPDIALOG command to check for code pages.
Code Pages Supported by Visual FoxProAlthough Visual FoxPro supports many code pages, only a few are used often. With Visual FoxPro, for example, English-speaking users typically use code page 1252. However, with Visual FoxPro for MS-DOS, English-speaking users typically use code page 437. The following table shows the code pages supported in Visual FoxPro for each platform, and the corresponding code page identifier.
NOTE: (1) This code page is not detected when you include CODEPAGE=AUTO in your configuration file.
Code page Platform Code page identifier --------------------------------------------------------------- 437 U.S. MS-DOS x01 620 (1) Mazovia (Polish) MS-DOS x69 737 (1) Greek MS-DOS (437G) x6A 850 International MS-DOS x02 852 Eastern European MS-DOS x64 861 Icelandic MS-DOS x67 865 Nordic MS-DOS x66 866 Russian MS-DOS x65 895 (1) Kamenicky (Czech) MS-DOS x68 857 Turkish MS-DOS x6B 1250 Eastern European Windows xC8 1251 Russian Windows xC9 1252 Windows ANSI x03 1253 Greek Windows xCB 1254 Turkish Windows xCA 10000 Standard Macintosh x04 10006 Greek Macintosh x98 10007 (1) Russian Macintosh x96 10029 Macintosh EE x97
For more information about code pages, please see the "Understanding Code Pages" topic in the Visual FoxPro Help menu.
Article ID: 129631 - Last Review: August 12, 1999 - Revision: 1.1
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Alana Karin
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The brand new official Alana Karin Mobile App is now available! Stream her music, see pictures, check out her bio, and share it all with your friends. Stay connected for the latest updates from Alana Karin on your mobile device with our free Mobile App.
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Submitted by jwalexander on July 31, 2011 at 4:53 AM.
Copied from another blog - sorry need to find the link. The purpose here is to help me track this info, not so much for broader consumption.
Dpruess' Diabolical Doctrines~
1) Tactics Trainer everyday! About 10 minutes or 2 missed ones. Go over t...Read more »
posted in jwalexander's Blog
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Coming back to chess after many years away. Very inexperienced, but I enjoy the game. Now coming back a second time.
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By Kyle Lovern
HUNTINGTON – Mingo County's Kelly Miller recently won three more gold medals at the West Virginia Senior Games (WVSG) held in Huntington.
Miller, a longtime youth coach in the area, has done well the last few years in the games.
He won first place in the 50-meter race, 100-meter race and long jump again this year.
Miller also won the silver medal in the javelin throw and bronze in the triple jump.
He qualifies for the national competition.
Miller was pleased with his performance, even after suffering a leg injury while training. "I want to thank Derek Dalton of Rebound Physical Therapy in Chapmanville for helping me with my leg injury and getting me prepared for this year's games," Miller said.
"I hope to compete in the national games," he added.
Miller, a longtime employee of Suddenlink, has won several gold medals in the WVSG.
The W.Va. games are affiliated with the National Senior Games Association (NSGA). The NSGA spearheads the senior games movement, sanctioning, and coordinating efforts in 50 states. A community-based member of the United States Olympic Committee, the NSGA serves as one of the USOC's official arms to the senior population. The NSGA is a not-for-profit organization that is dedicated to promoting healthy lifestyles for seniors through education, fitness and sports.
The W. Va. Sr. Games follows the commitments of the NSGA by giving seniors the opportunity to achieve greater value and quality in their lives by staying healthy, active and fit. The Games offer opportunities to meet new people and provide fun, friendly competition.
St. Mary's Medical Center is the presenting sponsor of the WVSG, with the cities of Huntington and Barboursville and numerous other sponsors providing support.
The WVSG take place at great venues such as Ritter Park, Barboursville Park, the Marshall Recreation Center and the Cam Henderson Center on the campus of Marshall University, the Phil Cline Center of the Huntington YMCA and downtown Huntington.
In the national event, seniors from several states compete in 18 different sports.
Sports offered will be golf, tennis, bowling, badminton, table tennis, shuffleboard, pickleball, racquetball, horseshoes, swimming, track and field, archery, 5K race, 10K cycling, basketball, volleyball and softball.
(Kyle Lovern is the Sports Editor for the Williamson Daily News. He can be contacted at email@example.com or at 304-235-4242, ext. 33 or on Twitter @KyleLovern.)


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Henry fires 7-under 63 to take Buick lead
Updated: July 1, 2006, 9:14 PM ETAssociated Press
CROMWELL, Conn. -- His putter was working, the gallery was his and now J.J. Henry is in contention for his first PGA Tour win at the tournament he has always dreamed of winning.
The Fairfield, Conn., native shot a 7-under-par 63 to grab the third-round lead at the Buick Championship on Saturday before an appreciative home state crowd. Henry, 31, has been a fan of the tournament since childhood.
"To grow up in the state of Connecticut and have a chance, I really can't think ...
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Famous quotes by Dylan Thomas, Collected poems (1952):Sort:PopularA - Z
|Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
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Novice to Novice
This series has aimed at the Unix beginner who has experience with MS-DOS. I have assumed that such a person is exploring Linux primarily to learn Unix easily, cheaply, and conveniently. This person may buy or download Linux, get it running, and probably focus on the main veins—Networking, X-Windows, GNU C/C++, etc.—without really exploring some of the other offerings such as sc, oreo, or xfractint. I originally dismissed these programs, thinking they couldn't have much substance being freeware and certainly couldn't compare to what exists in DOS or Windows.
Then I realized that these freebies weren't necessarily equal to the latest versions of commercial programs like Lotus-123 or WordPerfect but perhaps would be comparable to older versions. And I realized that, just like in DOS/Windows, these freeware and shareware programs served to fulfill an applications void or to present inexpensive alternatives to their commercial counterparts or came into existance because they were fun and a challenging exercise to develop.
This article will be the first of a small journey to seek out these other programs and see what they have to offer. I will concentrate on three main topics: spreadsheets and text editors, databases, and seredipity. The general focus will be towards business applications and things that would impress someone visiting from a DOS/Windows environment.
For the majority of these programs, a major advantage over commercial rivals is that the source code is included. Linux lovers already know of that luxury. Unfortunately, that advantage usually dissipates with the need to compile the source, a task that brings anguish to many novices. As a note of reassurance to other novices, I've found that recompiling isn't always a headache. With a swap file active to boost memory, I've had few problems with compiles. Many of the glitches I've had occur when the make files expect certain files in certain places; that is, when file locations are hardcoded in. And, of course, it helps to read the README files.
A point to remember: many of these programs undergo constant revision and by the time this article sees the light of print newer versions may have been released. With the updates, changes may be made to installation routines or requirements. Consequently the procedures or problems I describe during installing or bugs that I find may not always carry over to newer releases.
My goal is to see how these programs compare to known DOS/Windows counterparts, not to imply that either operating system is better, but simply to provide a frame of reference.
Finally, if no installation option was available from Slackware I unarchived these programs under /usr as those more experienced than myself in Unix have recommended.
Let's snoop around, shall we?
I realized that my copy of Linux from October 1994 was old. Factor in the time for publishing preparations and I was committing a grave disservice. It was time to upgrade to Linux 1.2.1.
Although I had been using Morse Telecommunications' Slackware Professional 2.1 I decided to try another Linux offering. Highly recommended, and what I tried, is InfoMagic's Linux Developer's Resource. This 4-CD monster is an amazing bargain. Archives of Sunsite, TSX-11, and GNU, "live" Slackware, tons of everything else, and best of all: a great price. For the novice, the package may be too overwhelming—there's only a little manual for installation. (Other documentation is on the main CD. InfoMagic offers a beginning package—"Linux Toolbox"—that looks pretty good and comes with a variety of printed help.)
I have two complaints. The first is when using the Windows Boot/Root disk maker routine of the Distribution. The manual says that the program will let you choose UMSDOS as a Root option but I didn't see one and I had to create one manually from the CD. Not a big deal and certainly not heart attack inducing.
The second complaint, not specific to InfoMagic's product, is far worse, but it only applies, I believe, to those having a Sony cdu31a/cdu33a CD-ROM. The auto-detect function was removed or disabled from the kernels. This means that even when you specifically choose the cdu31a kernel from the "Q" disks or recompile the kernel your CD-ROM still will not be recognized. At least it did not for me. Why the decision to remove this chunk of code which worked in earlier versions, I don't know. But I went through Linux-novice hell to get Linux working again.
[The reason that cdu31a/33a autodetect support was removed is that the only possible way to autodetect these drives is so dangerous that detecting it has the potential to hang the computer at boot. This was causing immense troubles for thousands of people without Sony CD-ROM drives, and so the autodetect capability had to be removed, and it is no longer part of the standard Linux kernel. —ED]
A positive change is in the X-Windows configuration routine. Now it does all the dirty work. You do not have to manually edit any files afterwords. As before, however, you will need all the information about your monitor and video card, but the entire process is easy and quick. Kudos!
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|May 26, 2015
- Non-Linux FOSS: Vienna, Not Just for Sausages
- June 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: Networking
- New Linux Based OS Brings Internet of Things Closer to Reality
- Initializing and Managing Services in Linux: Past, Present and Future
- Dr Hjkl on the Command Line
- Using Hiera with Puppet
- My Humble Little Game Collection
- Goodbye, Pi. Hello, C.H.I.P.
- Infinite BusyBox with systemd
- Gartner Dubs DivvyCloud Cool Cloud Management Vendor


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Association of the MAOA promoter uVNTR polymorphism with suicide attempts in patients with major depressive disorder
1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2 Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
3 Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
4 Graduate Institute of Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
5 Department of Psychiatry, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
6 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
7 Department of Social Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
8 Director of Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan
BMC Medical Genetics 2011, 12:74 doi:10.1186/1471-2350-12-74Published: 24 May 2011
The MAOA uVNTR polymorphism has been documented to affect the MAOA gene at the transcriptional level and is associated with aggressive impulsive behaviors, depression associated with suicide (depressed suicide), and major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that the uVNTR polymorphism confers vulnerability to MDD, suicide or both. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the MAOA uVNTR and depressed suicide, using multiple controls.
Four different groups were included: 432 community controls, 385 patients with MDD who had not attempted suicide, 96 community subjects without mental disorders who had attempted suicide, and 109 patients with MDD who had attempted suicide. The MAOA uVNTR polymorphism was genotyped by a PCR technique. The symptom profiles and personal characteristics in each group were also compared.
The MAOA 4R allele was more frequent in males with MDD than in male community controls (χ2 = 4.182, p = 0.041). Logistic regression analysis showed that, among the depressed subjects, those younger in age, more neurotic or who smoked had an increased risk of suicide (β = -0.04, p = 0.002; β = 0.15, p = 0.017; β = 0.79, p = 0.031, respectively). Moreover, among those who had attempted suicide, those younger in age, with more paternal overprotection, and more somatic symptoms were more likely to be in the MDD group than in the community group (β = -0.11, p < 0.001; β = 0.15, p = 0.026; β = 1.11, p < 0.001). Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that nongenetic factors, such as age, paternal overprotection, and somatic symptoms, were associated with MDD, whereas depressed suicide were associated with severity of depression, personality traits, age, marital status, and inversely associated with anxiety symptoms. However, depression did not affect suicidal behavior in the community group.
The MAOA 4R allele is associated with enhanced vulnerability to suicide in depressed males, but not in community subjects. The MAOA 4R allele affects vulnerability to suicide through the mediating factor of depressive symptoms. Further large-scale studies are needed to verify the psychopathology of the relationships among MAOA uVNTR polymorphism, symptom profiles, and suicidal behavior.


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Monday-Thursday: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Friday: 9:00 am - 6:00 pm
Saturday: 8:30 am - 2:30 pm
From Diamond Head (East Oahu), take the H-1 freeway west (Ewa). Take the Kapolei/Makakilo off-ramp (Exit 2). Turn left towards the ocean and Kapolei town. At the first stop light, turn right onto Farrington Hwy. (Farrington Hwy. merges into Kamokila Blvd.) The branch is located on the right, behind Zippy's Restaurant. Turn into the Zippy's parking lot.
From Waianae (West Oahu), take the H-1 freeway east (Diamond Head). Take the Kapolei exit (Exit 1B) until you reach Kamokila Blvd. Turn right and the branch will be on the right, behind Zippy's Restaurant. Turn into the Zippy's parking lot.
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Secretary of State Johnson Calls For Disclosure Of "Dark Money"
Republicans in Lansing are split over whether people who bankroll so-called "issue ads" should be allowed to remain anonymous.
Secretary of State Ruth Johnson proposed a rule to require disclosure just hours before Michigan Senate Republicans voted to block her effort.
The Michigan Public Radio Network's Rick Pluta explains.
Issue ads attack or support politicians or causes without using what are called "magic words" such as "vote for" that would make them campaign ads. Unlike campaign ads, the money behind issue ads can be anonymous. Secretary of State Ruth Johnson says, too often, issue ads are just thinly disguised political ads, and people should know who is paying for them.
"We believe if we do this properly, it will go through and it will go into effect and the ultimate winners are the voters," she says
But some Republicans disagree. The GOP-led Senate acted quickly to amend a campaign finance bill to put the status quo into law. It also doubled the amount of money donors can give to political funds.


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Cork Roll, Cork Sheets & Display Rails: Save up to 63%
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Need a corkboard in your classroom? Our selection of cork sheets, cork rolls and display rails make it easy to create your own tack board. You'll find a wide selection of display rails, natural cork, colored cork and cork rolls in various sizes. Many of our cork items ship for free – look for the free shipping icon beneath the product links above. You can also shop our selection of bulletin boards, cork boards and tack boards for pre-assembled boards.
Want to order your cork roll, cork sheets or display rails online? Just click a link to get started. Our sales team is also happy to assist you with a phone order or price quote. Give us a call at 1-800-260-2776.
Get free shipping on Ghent products when you order $1,200 or more of Ghent merchandise, free shipping on Best-Rite products when you order $2,200 or more of Best-Rite merchandise, and free shipping on Marsh products when you order $1,400 or more of Marsh merchandise.


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Tuesday, March 3, 2009
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
By Linda email@example.com Clayton County Police Officer Yolanda Shumaker is recovering at home after being wounded by a gunman Friday when she responded to a domestic-violence call. Police Chief Jeff Turner said her bullet-proof vest probably saved her life. "Domestic violence calls are some of the most dangerous calls an officer can respond to," Turner said Monday. "Thank God she was wearing her vest. Had it not been for her vest, she probably would have been killed." Around 10:40 p.m., Friday, Shumaker was dispatched to the BP gas station at 11205 Tara Blvd., to meet a with a woman who had complained of a domestic disturbance, according to Police Spokesperson Lt. Rebecca Brown. Shumaker followed the complainant to her residence at 1258 Pebble Beach Lane in Hampton, so the woman could pick up some personal belongings, according to Turner. When the officer and the woman entered the home, police said, a male at the residence, Gerald Lewis Benn, 45, allegedly said, "You think I'm playing a [expletive] game." He then allegedly fired two shots at Officer Shumaker. One bullet struck the officer's vest and the other passed through her jacket without striking the officer, Lt. Brown said. "The round that hit her vest did cause some physical damage to her upper torso," Brown said. "She still needs surgery and will be recuperating at home for a while." Shumaker has worked with the Clayton County Police Department since June, 2007, according to Brown. "She [Shumaker] did an excellent job managing the crisis," Turner said. "Even though she had been shot, she was able to make sure both of the other victims fled the house, and [she] made it back to her car. She put distance between herself and the gunman and was able to put out information on the suspect," he said. "Ninety percent of the time, we always send two officers to every domestic call," Turner said. "Sometimes, we do dispatch only one ... when we're busy," he said. After allegedly shooting the officer with a .357 revolver, Benn fled the scene in a vehicle and was caught by police on Highway 54, just inside Fayette County, according to authorities. Chief Turner commended the officers who apprehended the suspect without further incident. "They ended up [using a stun gun on him], but they could have ended up shooting him," he said. According to Turner, Benn had a .357 revolver and a shotgun on the front seat of his car when police caught up with him. He is being held in the Clayton County Jail, charged with aggravated assault on a peace officer, obstruction, fleeing and eluding, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime. Domestic violence charges are pending. Judge Robert Dolph denied bond for Benn on the aggravated assault charge, during a first-appearance hearing in Clayton County Magistrate Court Sunday morning, according to Sgt. Sonja Sanchez, a spokesperson for the Clayton County Sheriff's Department. The judge, however, did set bonds of $10,000 each on the three remaining charges, she said. Benn is not eligible to be released, however, due to the charge in which bond was denied, according to Sanchez. She said Benn will have a preliminary hearing in magistrate court on March 12, at 3 p.m.
More like this story
- Bond denied for accused cop shooter ( March 13, 2009 )
- Hampton man indicted in officer shooting ( May 15, 2009 )
- Trial under way in shooting of police officer ( July 21, 2009 )
- Police shooter found guilty, gets 120 years
Defendant: 'It was like Michael Myers and Freddy Kruger' ( July 24, 2009 )
- '... I didn't sign up to die tonight ... '
Police officer, who survived shooting, testifies ( July 22, 2009 )


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Thousands of BBQ Grills, Grill Parts & Accessories since 1956
Lighting method: Match light using your existing wall key valve - NO VALVE INCLUDED. WITH THIS SET!
Add V17B to regulate gas at log set. Add SPK3E-N for manual safety pilot operation.
Fuel Type: Natural Gas
Log Type: Vented
Fireplace Type: Standard
Minimum Middle Width: 24 Inches
Minimum Depth Required: 13 Inches
Minimum Height Required: 16 Inches


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When you contact Bulbeck Envirosolutions, mention you found them on IndustrySearch.
Bulbeck Envirosolutions has recently been engaged by the Australian Navy to supply Containment Booms, which are to be deployed in the event of a contamination spill at sea. Following trials of the Containment Boom a Navy spokesperson said the Booms were the "Porsche of Booms" Our Products include Oil Spill Equipment (containment boom, spill kits, skimmers, boom vanes, and dispersant application equipment), Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, Parts Cleaning Machines, Waste Water Treatment Systems, Safety and Degreasing products, Cleaning Rags and Flood Control. We have the biggest stock holding of Oil Spill Containment Booms in Australia, ready for immediate shipment and deployment. Oil Spill Booms are built to ASTM International Standards and are available for offshore, near shore, fast current rivers and calm water applications.Emergency Response Spill Kits for oil and chemical spills are available in an extensive range. Plus we sell a huge range of spill control containment and clean up products used for everyday workshop, industry and workplace spills. Our range of Incinerators includes the Mediburn Incinerator for medical waste at small and remote hospitals and clinics. We also supply the SmartAsh for general refuse, oil disposal and drug disposal.We manufacture and service a range of Parts Cleaning Machines at Bullbeck including Hot Spray Wash Machines, Conventional Solvent Parts Cleaning Machines, Grit Blasting and Gun Wash Machines, and offer an extensive range of Waste Water Treatment Systems.Our Cleaning and Industrial Rag divisions provide high-quality Cleaning Rags and a range of Cleaning, Degreasing and Safety Products to our customers.The Flood Barrier is a product we offer for temporary Flood Control and replaces thousands of sand bags that would normally be required.Bulbeck EnviroSolutions' motto is "Delivering Peace of Mind" and we do this by providing our customers with the best products and training available.


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Ali Love
1,741,115pages on
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This page is a stub. Please help us to expand it.
- If this is an artist page, please add links to all existing song pages. (If any exist, you will probably find them here.) If possible, categorize the songs by album. Otherwise put them in an Other Songs section and tag the talk page with {{Split}}.
- If this is an album page, please complete the tracklist and/or add the lyrics.
- If this is a song page, please add the lyrics. If no lyrics exist for this song, please tag it appropriately with, for example, the {{Instrumental}} or {{deletion}} template.
Other SongsEdit
- Civilization
- Do It Again
- Moscow Girl
- Civilization (featuring Justice)
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Putting Database Performance to the Test
Look for independent confirmation of a vendor's claims, and you're often out of luck. But not anymore, thanks to a huge effort by eWeek Labs West Coast Technical Director Tim Dyck, in conjunction with staff members from sister publication PC MagazineTalk to database vendors, and theyll quickly tell you a companys database is its crown jewels. Ask a database vendor why you should select its product, and itll quickly produce reams of data showing how its system has more capacity and is faster and more secure than any other companys database. Look for independent confirmation of a vendors claims, and youre often out of luck. But not anymore, thanks to a huge effort by eWeek Labs West Coast Technical Director Tim Dyck, in conjunction with staff members from sister publication PC Magazine. Database tests are among the hardest testing a lab can do. Configuration is a nightmare, writing scripts that treat all databases equally is tedious and time-consuming, and tuning hardware is an art in itself. I often wondered which would crash first: the databases being tested or the database tester. Im happy to report Tim made it through in fine shape, although I dont think he wants to hear the word "database" for a couple of months. This is the first time (we believe) a computer publication has published database benchmark results tested on the same hardware since 1993. See our article, "Server Databases Clash", and you can visit our Web site to download the database configuration and tuning scripts, benchmark application source code, and benchmark results data.
The database is the heart of a companys computing infrastructure, and we believe this exhaustive test will help you keep your companys database in shape for an increasing load of digital demands.
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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 7.
Some of the residues participating in indirect disordering of the HBN in B-RAFWT. A close look at the conformation of the major catalytic residues, the DFG motif and the P-loop residues participating in the disordering of the identified hydrogen bond network in the unbounded B-RAFWT after 15 ns of simulation time. The dotted lines and the adjacent values present the H-bonds and their distances.
Fratev and Jónsdóttir BMC Structural Biology 2009 9:47 doi:10.1186/1472-6807-9-47


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Originally written on No Guts, No Glory | Last updated 11/18/14
On the heels of everyone praising Tom Brady for "taking less money" (even if he really isn't) comes a rather refreshing report from Jon Heyman of CBS Sports regarding Dodgers pitcher Zack Greinke. Heyman and Greinke discussed the circumstances of his free agency during the offseason and how he decided to sign a six-year, $147-million contract with the Dodgers. And unlike other professional athletes that like to tell us that it's all about what's best for the team, Greinke is honest and says it was all about him. So to him, the most important thing was the money and not all the cliché BS that athletes (or the journalists that love them) like to throw around. Greinke, who got a $147-million, six-year Dodgers deal, is "well spoken, insightful, unfiltered," general manager Ned Colletti said. Exactly right. Especially the unfiltered part. Greinke reads everything, hears everything and seemingly knows everything. He wants the record straight, and he works at keeping it that way. And money...
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A Crash Course in Saving More (and Spending Less)
Chances are, you don't save enough. Most people don't. That's likely for two reasons: You don't have the tactical skills that can help you save money (by spending less) on just about everything and you don't know the mind games that are crucial for saving success. In this course, I'll teach you both. You'll also learn my all-important Hierarchy of Savings Needs (yes, there is an order to saving — and you should follow it.) And I'll show you precisely where to put savings to earn the most on your money.


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"Dr. Collins has been my son's Dr. since he was born a month early. At 1 month old she helped diagnose a stomach muscle disorder, which required surgery ..."
"This is the best doctor ever. She has known me since I was a little boy. She always knows what to do and is very knowledgeable."
"My son has seen Dr. Pacheco since his first day in the hospital. When he developed food allergies at four months Dr. Pacheco worked with our family to ..."
"This is a great doctor who knows all about allergies. He knows all about the new technologies and he has helped me out with my asthma so much ..."
"My son is a patient of Dr. Pincus. When we first entered his office we were very apprehensive about what they would tell us. Our son had food ..."


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Pain Management: Musculoskeletal Pain Center - Idaho Falls, ID
Idaho Falls Rheumatologist Doctors for Pain Management: Musculoskeletal Pain
Type of Physician: Rheumatologist
What is a Rheumatologist?
A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine; practitioners treat diseases of the joints, muscles, bones, and tendons. The rheumatologist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries, etc. The rheumatologist may work closely with other specialists such as orthopaedic surgeons and physical therapists.
Specialty: Rheumatology
Common Name:
Rheumatologist Doctors in Idaho Falls *
Craig D Scoville MD
Arthritis Specialty Center
Arthritis Specialty Center Inc
Arthritis Specialty Center Inc
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Pain Management: Musculoskeletal Pain
What Causes Musculoskeletal Pain?
The causes of musculoskeletal pain are varied. Muscle tissue can be damaged with the wear and tear of daily activities. Trauma to an area (jerking movements, auto accidents, falls, fractures, sprains, di...
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Mountain View Hospital
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As the political season heats up, look for more campaign signs to pop up in New Jersey communities. The New Jersey Supreme Court recently ruled that homeowners associations cannot ban political signs from doors and windows because doing so would violate free speech guarantees provided by the New Jersey Constitution.
The Facts of the Case
In Mazdabrook Community Homeowners' Association v. Khan, Wasim Khan, a resident of the Mazdabrook Commons planned community in Parsippany, challenged a rule banning the posting of political signs. While running for local political office, Khan hung one of his campaign posters in a window of his townhouse. The Mazdabrook Commons Homeowner's Association (HOA) notified him that posting signs of any kind was prohibited and told him to remove it within three days. Khan removed the sign, but was fined $75.
In a later disagreement with the HOA over outstanding fees, Khan challenged the constitutionality of the association's ban on signs. The trial court ruled that the sign prohibition was not unconstitutional, relying on Committee for a Better Twin Rivers v. Twin Rivers Homeowners' Ass'n, 192 N.J. 344 (2007). In that case, the court upheld the constitutionality of an HOA policy that limited residents to posting one sign in any window of their home and a second sign in a flowerbed near the residence. The Appellate Division disagreed.
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North Carolina v Miami
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Durand Scott of the Miami Hurricanes dribbles against J.P. Tokoto of... News PhotoAtlantic Coast Conference,BankUnited Center,Basketball - Men's College,Basketball - Sport,Cheerleader,Coral Gables,Dribbling,Durand Scott,Florida - USA,Full Length,Gulf Coast States,Horizontal,J.P. Tokoto - Basketball Player,Miami Hurricanes,North Carolina Tar Heels,Sport,USAPhotographer Lance KingCollection: Getty Images Sport 2013 Lance KingCORAL GABLES, FL - FEBRUARY 09: Durand Scott #1 of the Miami Hurricanes dribbles against J.P. Tokoto #25 of the North Carolina Tar Heels at the BankUnited Center on February 9, 2013 in Coral Gables, Florida. Miami defeated North Carolina 87-61. (Photo by Lance King/Getty Images)


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Premium Content From ASCII Members
3 Ways To Build Wealth With The As-A-Service Business Model
On my way to work I pass a billboard advertising the Connecticut Lottery. They now have two games available with a "win for life" top prize — very tempting until you look at the odds of winning. Every day I play a different type of game — my "win for life"' strategy is based on recurring revenue streams in my managed IT services business.
Adding These 3 Services Will Build Stickier Customer Relationships
One of the toughest things that any business owner will run into is, "How do I give more value and keep my customers coming back for more? What can I do to keep the relationship going?" If you are a large, big box company, you have worked the process to an art form. To a small or medium business owner that sells widgets, the challenge can be tough. How do you add value to the transaction (bigger sale) or add value to the relationship (more purchases more frequently)?
7 Reasons NOT To Offer Service Package Options
When I started Triada Networks in 2008, I had to decide which billing model made the most sense for me. Since I knew that I didn't want to trade dollars for hours, fixed-price plans seemed to make the most sense, which ultimately led me to embrace the concept of managed services. By Raffi Jamgotchian President/CTO of Triada Networks
How To Fire A Client
As a business owner, one of the hardest things I have had to learn is when it is time to fire a client. I know that I am not the only business owner to face this challenge. The need to find and retain clients is driven by the crucible of those early days when you did not have very many clients — when the business was struggling to survive. One cannot abide to lose a client — even if they are a lousy client. You fret and worry, maybe if you do a better job next time around they will pay their bills on time or be less argumentative?
5 Ways Cloud Services Are Forcing Your Business To Change
Clouds! Public! Private! Hybrid! Buzzwords ... and more buzzwords! Let's face it, cloud computing has arrived, and is not going anywhere. Sure, we had the same technologies "back in the day" (think: mainframes, where access was remote and not on-premise, and secure) and today, everyone professes to have a "cloud" solution.
How To Bundle And Price Managed Services
Sometimes a client will ask me, "What computer should I buy?" I can only answer that question with a series of other questions about their unique computing needs and preferences. If I ask another IT service firm how they bundle and price their managed services plans, I hear entirely different options and pricing from my own plans. Each client is unique in terms of their buying patterns, just as each business owner is unique in their pricing structure.
Why Your Customers Need Modern UTM
The days of feeling secure by simply performing packet inspection at your network edge are long past. These SPI (stateful packet inspection) devices or firewalls were the first generation of network security that many of us first experienced in the late 1990s. In the first half of that decade, we also saw a parallel rise of devices and/or applications that performed more complicated duties such as IDS and IPS (intrusion detection and intrusion prevention).
Five Things an MSP Needs To Know About Nonprofits
The 1.5 million registered nonprofits in the US can be a rewarding vertical for MSPs to explore in their market. With some research and planning, nonprofits can be a satisfying and profitable addition to your client roster. Working with nonprofits devoted to solving today's substantial issues can engage the hearts of your employees, boost your reputation with current clients and elevate your standing within your community.
4 Things You Have To Know About Encryption For Backup
Encryption is becoming a more significant topic as many companies struggle to meet compliance requirements and keep their data secure. It is in demand more than you might expect, including for various website security functions and backups — which are another important area to consider using encryption on. To completely protect data and backup, you should consider encrypting both the data in motion and at rest. Here are a few facts about encryption that will help you understand the landscape.
Advising Your Cloud Customer: Public, Private, Or Hybrid
Let's face it, do your customers really know what the cloud is, let alone whether it's public, private, or hybrid?


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Subaru's treat for the eyes: the Hybrid Tourer Concept
January 12, 2010
Subaru rolled-out its Hybrid Tourer Concept this morning in Detroit and what a feast for the eyes it is. Featuring gullwing doors, an array of screens including one integrated into the steering wheel and a wide open interior facilitated by a flat floor design, the Hybrid Tourer first seen at the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show is a showcase for the company's planned development of a gas/electric hybrid system based on the boxer engine set to hit the market in 2012.
The powertrain for the AWD Subaru Hybrid Tourer Concept Car is made up of a 2.0-liter horizontally-opposed direct fuel-injection turbo gasoline engine and two electric motors - one in the front and another in the rear - married to Subaru's Lineartronic (CVT). The electric motors add 27 HP in the front and 13 HP in the rear.
The rear motor, which can be used without engaging the gasoline engine, is used for low speed maneuvers like parking while the front engine is used during normal driving. Under full acceleration the rear electric motor is also employed to maximize power. To further reduce reliance on the gasoline engine, a stop/start system is included which shuts down the engine when the car isn't moving.
Other notable features include four independent seats, tiny rear facing cameras replacing the mirrors and new high-performance lithium batteries powering the electric motors. There's no firm details on speed or range capabilities as yet, but looking around the showfloor in Detroit, we think this one is up there with Audi's e-tron offering in terms of pure beauty.
Note to Subaru -- beauty follows FUNCTION!
What is that? A car? A sculpture for a museum? A fantasy out of a video game?
You\'ve taken up all the room in the car with unnecessary stylized nonsense.
Can I put my surfboard in it? My skis? My bicycle? Where do I put my groceries?
Stupid looking car!!!DemonDuck
it will pass a BEAUTY CONTEST...but try openning those doors when there\'s a rain storm of a snow Bllizard ...occupants will freeze and interior drenched in water...! (I assume it still rains in Japan..!!) not very practical.emxc2
Absolutely beautiful and a brilliant design. At last we have someone who wants to make a vehicle that is more modern than anything else out there. Very clean, uncluttered with no unecessary rubbish, it has plenty of space for all the normal things one needs to be able to do with a car. Many congratulations Subaru, this one deserves to be a big success !professore
does it rain hard and blizzard all the time ?,,,, I don\'t think so !!!,,,,,,, how long does it take to enter or exit a vehicle ?,,,,,,,, seconds I thinkrobinyatesuk2003


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Jeff Civins, "Environmental lawyer skeptical of need for new federal fracking legislation" (SNL Financial)
Jeff Civins, a parter in the Austin office of Haynes and Boone and an Energy Center advisory board member, expressed skepticism about proposed federal hydraulic fracturing regulation in an April 12 SNL Financial article.
"You shouldn't regulate unless there's a need," Civins cautioned. "Before we spend a lot of time legislating, we ought to take a look and see if there's a problem that requires legislation. … That gets to the whole [problem] with fracking, where people are concerned about it without looking at what actually is involved."
Civins is an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law, where he has taught an environmental litigation course since 1992, and a co-editor of the Thomson West Texas Practice 2-volume treatise on Texas Environmental Law.


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Halo: Reach - Defiant Map Pack
Achievement Description Value Candy from a Baby Capture two flags from an enemy capture zone in a matchmade Stockpile game. 75 Crackin' Skulls Kill 3 players with the Oddball in a matchmade Oddball game. 45 Return to Sender Successfully return two flags in a matchmade CTF game. 30
Contributed By: R351D3NT3V1L4.
Know Something We Don't?
You can submit new cheat codes for this game using our Cheat Submission Form.
Have We Been Fooled?
If you see a non-working or fake code in the list above, let us know by using our Problem Submission Form.


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For sale is one (1) copy of MOTHERS and SONS (in their own words), 1996.
This interesting book is a compilation of photos and written expressions of mothers and their sons from all walks of life.
Included in the 78 portraits are:
Henry Kissinger
Steven ...
May 23 -
Spring Valley - Books & magazines
COOKBOOKS (over 200), all manner of culinary gastronomic pursuits
COOK BOOKS. Culinary. Kitchen wisdom.
ABOUT 200 books so far many of them gorgeous quality hard covers suitable for your coffee table. Ethnic cookery (Italian. Chinese. Greek. Russian. Kosher, etc). Specific cooking and baking (chocolate. cookies. microwave. processor. ...
May 8 -
New York - Books & magazines
CURRIER & IVES, Norman Rockwell, Atget's PARIS, THE ART BOOK
Books on ILLUSTRATION ART each one $20 or both for $30
.....Norman Rockwell's America, by Finch, Abrams publication, printed in Japan, many inserts. Large, heavy oversize book, cloth cover, no dust jacket, excellent like-new condition.
.....Currier and Ives, Printmakers to ...
May 5 -
New York - Books & magazines
Chalkboard With A Bad Eraser - Original Poetry Unique Rare Book
CHALKBOARD WITH A BAD ERASER is a collection of poems from and of my late adolescence. Written in a style I call "warped confessionalism", I "pour out" skewed truths.
It is best that people over 15 only read my book. This is not a children's book.
The book has a 1995 ...
Apr 21 -
New York - Books & magazines
Golf Picture Book (Large) and Golf-Themed Picture Frame
Golf Picture Book (Large) and Golf-Themed Picture Frame
Great Moments of the US Open: Coffee Table-Sized Picture Book
216 pages of beautiful photos and fascinating stories of the US Open
Cover of book is identical to dust jacket
Golf-Themed Picture Frame: 5" x 3 1/2" - ...
Apr 7 -
New York - Sporting goods
Living Room Coffee table NEED Repairs
I have big coffee table for sale, it measure 23 inches Width by 18 inches in Height and 35 inches Length, i am looking for someone who is interested in buying and fixing, it could be your very own project.
Please refer to the pictures for its condition, the heater is what ...
Apr 4 -
New Rochelle - Everything else
Coffee table
Coffee table
Slightly damaged middle and right drawer as shown in photos.
No set price- email with offer
Mar 29 -
Brooklyn - Everything else
Beautiful rattan set includes Sofa, Chair w/ottoman, coffee table, side table, magazine rack and rug. Moving- MUST SELL!!!
Apr 26 -
Fairfield :
New Fairfield - Everything else
Heavy Duty Industrial Platform Hand Truck Dolly Coffee Table 30" X 54" X13" by Lewis Shapard Co. This a Vintage but in very good Condition all steel and solid angle iron frame, 1 1/2" wood platform. This a would make a great addition to a living room area on those warehouse ...
Apr 26 -
Boston :
Maynard - Business & industrial
Maplewood NJ area 07040 - near Summit, S. Orange, Millburn, Essex, Union
Read INSTRUCTIONS at bottom, if interested in any item, BEFORE emailing us. Thank you!!!!
"Also, Want To Travel To Cuba? Ask Me!"
Porcelain China - 8 place settings perfect condition - Seizan from ...
Apr 21 -
Newark :
Maplewood - Everything else
Sex book by madonna a book that pushes the envelope by the queen of pop depicting her sexual fantasies and society sexual taboos.
A great coffee table book
Apr 14 -
Allentown :
Easton - Books & magazines
All items less than two years old. Prices are as follows (pictures attached):
Frigidaire AC: $100
Chair: $7
Box fan: $15
IKEA coffee table: $15
IKEA futon: $150
Bookshelf: $30
Full size 10 inch mattress: $100
Area rug (not pictured): $7
Ironing board: $2
Lamp with bulbs: ...
Apr 8 -
Baltimore :
Baltimore - Everything else
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Tech Helproom
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
Likes # 0
Posted October 17, 2013 at 9:39AM
Thank you "onthelimit1" very much for your reassuring reply - if you happen to see this! I'm currently awaiting delivery of a wireless router– I've gone for a Netgear N750 WNDR4300 wireless dual band gigabit device. I've been looking at click here
as a good general guide for setting up routers, so in preparation I've been diligently collecting data such as IP addresses, MAC addresses and the SSID & p/w of my fairly new wireless printer an HP Photosmart 7520. Does my Sony VAIO Laptop also have (or get) an SSID and password when I go wireless or just an IP address – please excuse my ignorance but I'm new to the wireless stuff? Can I also please pick your brains (or those of others who might read this) on this question? My WIMAX modem is currently in a simple wired Home Network which appears to have a password ( I can see this p/w via Cntr Panel, Network & Internet, Network & Sharing Centre, click on Home Network, then Home Network again to reach Set Network Connection page. Then click View or Change Home Network settings then click View or Print Home Group password) I never need to use this p/w as opening Internet Explorer goes straight to Google, and the connection is of course always on. I think the p/w must have been automatically generated by Windows 7 when I first got my Sony VAIO laptop and plugged in the already present WIMAX modem that I was using with an older Compaq machine. As I recall Windows 7 discovered the WIMAX pretty quickly and led me into the setting up of the Home Network. So my fundamental question is this; does this Home Network remain when I introduce the router and plug the Modem Ethernet cable into it, or does it get replaced by a new wireless network, or maybe does a new and the old somehow "talk" to each other? My primary concern is that I don't mess up the functionality of the existing wired WIMAX broadband system whilst trying to set-up the wireless.
- Tags:
- wimax
- wireless
- wifirouter
- fundamentals
Likes # 0
Posted October 20, 2013 at 7:21PM
You appear to be addressing this to someone who, responded to an earlier post in another thread. Please do that in the original thread, don't start a new one, as it is very confusing for others.
Here's a link to your original thread.
Likes # 0
Posted October 20, 2013 at 7:27PM
Hi Carvosso,
In hope i understand what you are asking so please tell me if i am mistaken. in regards to the question, *"Does my Sony VAIO Laptop also have (or get) an SSID and password when I go wireless or just an IP address"*
An SSID or Security Set Identifier is omitted by a wireless router (in the home environment in your case your Netgear N750 WNDR4300) your sony VAIO laptop will discover your wireless SSID and attempt to connect to it. about 99% of wireless routers supplied by an Internet Service Provider (or ISP) or bought on the high street come preconfigured with a security key that you will need to enter in when you connect to you home SSID. There are occasions where networks are open authentication but this provide no security.
for the bottom part of you question if you are replacing the deivce that is supplying you wireless currently your SSID will change so all your machines that you have connected to it will need the new details when discovered. If you have a device that is plugged in to the home router via an Ethernet cable this will connect directly to your internet connection (as the assumption is the router is in your property so minimal security is needed.) Protection is only on the wireless to stop unauthorized people sitting outside your house using something you are paying for and casing malicious behavior.
I hope this helps in any way.
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Download Dinner Menu Download Lunch Menu Download To Go Menu
Our menu is always changing to use only the freshest seasonal ingredients.
Shrimp & Grits $9
parmesan chive grits, smoked tomato & bacon sauce
Beaufort Littleneck Clams $12
white wine butter, roasted tomato chervil, baguette
Fried Green Tomatoes $8
butternut squash and goat cheese grits sweet pepper & onion relish, herb ailoi
Pork Belly "Bacon" Scallops $11
pan seared sea scallops, jalapeno jam, mulled wine
Crawfish Hushpuppies $10
brown butter honey
Sweet Potato Fingerlings $8
apple smoked bacon, gorgonzola, drizzled with rosemary honey
Shrimp Shells & Cheese $9
apple smoked bacon, jack & cheddar
Lobster Sweet Potato Cake $11
red pepper coulis, pickled asparagus
Baked Crab & Spinach Dip $10
served with pita chips
Carolina Crab Cake $10
roasted red pepper remoulade, green tomato relish
She Crab Soup $6 Cup/ $7 Bowl
Soup of the Day $6 Cup/ $7 Bowl
Ambrose Farms Spinach Salad $11
baby spinach, poached pear, honey crisp apple, candied walnuts, mozzarella cornbread croutons, honey apple vinaigrette
Add Grilled Chicken or Pulled Pork $5
Add Grilled Shrimp $9
Mixed Greens $9
dried cherries, toasted pecans, goat cheese, cornbread croutons, rosemary vinaigrette
Add Grilled Chicken or Pulled Pork $5
Add Grilled Shrimp $9
Caesar Salad $9
romaine, parmesan, tomato, cornbread croutons, creamy Caesar vinaigrette
Add Grilled chicken or Pulled pork $5
Add Grilled Shrimp $9
Swordfish BLT $17
char-grilled coastal swordfish, spinach cherry tomatoes, warm bacon vinaigrette with crispy French bread
Side Salad $5
mixed greens, cherry tomatoes, parmesan cheese, croutons, rosemary vinaigrette
Chicken & Waffles $18
sweet potato bacon corn bread waffle, crispy half bone-in chicken, pecan butter, bourbon reduction
Carolina Crab Cakes $20
red rice, collard greens, red pepper remoulade
Market Jambalaya $20
sauteed shrimp, market peppers & onions, tasso ham, Carolina red rice
Seafood Paella $20
Carolina gold shrimp, Andouille sausage, braised pork belly, southern beans & rice
Carolina Gold Pulled Pork $17
shells & cheese, braised collards, cornbread
Frogmore Stew $19
shrimp, smoked sausage, fingerling potatoes, bacon-sweet corn sauce served with grilled Saffron Bakery baguette
Shrimp & Grits $19
grilled shrimp, parmesan & chive grits, fried green tomatoes, smoked tomato & bacon sauce
Seafood Stew $19
Carolina shrimp, Louisiana crawfish, spring onion, baby carrots, John's Island tomato ragout, Yukon potato, cornbread crouton
Char-Grilled Swordfish $26
butternut squash and goat cheese grits, bacon Brussel sprouts, roasted lemon-dill buerre blanc
Stuffed Eggplant Parmesan $19
roasted eggplant, crimini mushrooms, farm fresh vegetables, tomato ragout, mozzarella, butternut squash puree
Southern Cioppino $25
local fish of the day, Beaufort clams, east coast shrimp, sauteed with Ambrose Farms sweet corn, cherry tomatoes, fresh herbs, white wine butter sauce, grilled Saffron Bakery baguette
Grilled NY Strip $28
salt and sugar rubbed, Lowcountry potato hash, house steak sauce
Add shrimp or crab cake $9
Market Burger $12
1/2 lb. ground chuck, cheddar cheese, pepper jack cheese, crispy onions, bacon, Saffron Bakery brioche bun
Seared Scallops $26
basil pesto, roasted fingerling potatoes, young spinach country ham, corn and tomato salad
Housemade Chips
Corn Bread
Red Rice
Yukon Potato Salad
Seasonal Vegetables
Butternut & goat cheese grits
Bacon brussels
Parmesan and chive grits
cheeseburger with cheddar cheese, sesame bun
grilled cheddar cheese, wheat bread
fried Chicken Fingers
fried Shrimp & Chips
Bourbon Pecan Pie $6
Charleston Chocolate Pie $6
toasted marshmallow
Dessert Special $7


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Randy "Macho Man" Savage Is Now A Dragon In Skyrim
Thanks to FancyPantz for creating the WWE legend mod (and a pretty funny clip to boot). Download Savage in dragon form for your own gaming pleasure here.
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