text:
Won't they look good in the White House?
Here's another
Here's another take:
kinda strange
not sure if they're channeling Rocky Horror Picture Show or Night of the Living Dead.
Darn those Hollywood elite.
Nice of you to loan Mrs.
Nice of you to loan Mrs. Fred your halloween dress, Miss Betty. Rhinestones...The new Black.
But, squirrel...Neither the
But, squirrel...Neither the zombies nor Dr. Frankenfurter claimed to be "real"...This is much much scarier.
When a teenager, most boys
When a teenager, most boys want a girl with big tits. As they age, a man's taste changes. A man in his 20's wants a woman he can share interests with. In his 30's a man wants a woman who will be a good mother and a charming wife. In his 50's a man wants a handsome woman who is confident and worldly. In his 70's a man wants a woman with big tits. It is nice to see Thompson going back to his roots.
i like law & order
i like law & order
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The relationship between counselor verbal response modes and the working alliance in career counseling. (Articles).
The authors examined the use of counselor response modes in career counseling, including the overall proportion of each response mode and the relationship of each response mode to the working alliance. Participants were 19 counselors-in-training and 26 clients in 78 sessions, making this the largest reported study of career counselor response modes. Seventy-nine percent of the counselor responses were information, paraphrase, or close-ended questions. None of the categorized counselor responses was- significantly and positively related to the working alliance, although counselor self-disclosure had a significant negative correlation with the alliance. The type of self-disclosure used was largely irrelevant or self-deprecating.
As Swanson (1995) noted in her review of career counseling process research, "We know a great deal about the effectiveness of career interventions in general, we know considerably less about career counseling specifically, and we know almost nothing about career counseling process" (p.217). Increasingly sophisticated met-a-analytic studies (e.g., Oliver & Spokane, 1988; Ryan, 1999; Spokane & Oliver, 1983; Whiston, Sexton, & Lasoff, 1998) have consistently found career counseling to demonstrate strong effect sizes, but little is known about what accounts for these positive outcomes.
In contrast to the specialization of career counseling, psychotherapy process research has been actively pursued since the 1940s. As Hill and Williams (2000) noted in their recent review of the psychotherapy process literature, "The first thing we learned from our literature review is that process research is alive and well with literally hundreds of articles to draw from" (p. 671). This accumulated empirical research forms a foundation to explain specifically what it is about the process of psychotherapy that makes it effective. Recent empirical evidence provided through content analyses of counselor case notes indicated that there is substantial overlap between the content of career counseling and that of psychotherapy (Anderson & Niles, 1995). Given this overlap, it is possible that the variables that have been found to be the most critical to outcome in psychotherapy might also be important in the conduct of career counseling.
One of the most consistently critical factors in the psychotherapy process literature is the working alliance, which has come to be seen as a necessary component of counseling, regardless of theoretical framework (Gelso & Fretz, 1992; Hartley & Strupp, 1983; Robbins, 1992). In fact, the working alliance has been shown to account for 30% to 50% of the variance in outcome measures across a range of studies (see, for example, Gelso & Carter, 1985; Horvath & Luborsky, 1993).
In addition, the importance and role of the working alliance in career counseling have begun to gain attention and recognition. Meara and Patton (1994) discussed the working alliance as a key element in enhancing the counseling of individuals who have career concerns. In 1995, Heppner and Hendricks investigated the role of the working alliance with an undecided and an indecisive college student, using a single-subject methodology; Heppner and Hendricks found that both clients endorsed the importance of the working alliance in helping them meet their counseling goals. In addition, two studies have used hierarchical linear modeling to explore the role of the working alliance in predicting career counseling outcomes (Heppner, Multon, Gysbers, Ellis, & Zook, 1998; Multon, Heppner, Gysbers, Zook, & Ellis-Kalton, 2001). Although they provide important information about the positive linear progression of the working alliance over time, none of these studies have delineated what occurs within career counseling that l eads to the development of a strong working alliance.
Although a number of definitions exist for the working alliance, the one that we used in this investigation is Bordin's (1979), which is the most heuristic, spawning numerous theoretical and empirical works (Kivlighan & Shaughnessy, 1995). Bordin defined the working alliance as a combination of three related components that determine the quality and strength of all helping alliances. These components are (a) goals, client and counselor agreement on the goals of treatment; (b) tasks, client and counselor agreement on the tasks to achieve these goals; and (c) bond, the development of a personal bond between the client and counselor.
Several studies have shown that there is a relationship between the working alliance and therapy outcome (see Gaston, 1990; Horvath & Symonds, 1991). In addition, although the importance of the working alliance is expected to wax and wane over the course of counseling, most researchers and counselors agree that the quality of the working alliance is especially important in the early phase of counseling (Gelso & Carter, 1985). Specifically, research has shown that the strength of the alliance after the third session relates positively to outcome (Hartley & Strupp, 1983; Horvath & Greenberg, 1986; Morgan, Luborsky, Crits-Christoph, Curtis, & Solomon, 1982; Saltzman, Luetgert, Roth, Creaser, & Howard, 1976). If the working alliance is not sound in this early phase, a poor outcome is likely to occur (Kokotovic & Tracey, 1990).
Thus, given the importance of quickly developing a strong working alliance, the question for career counselors becomes, What contributes to the development of the working alliance in the early phase of career counseling? Specifically, what career counselor interventions facilitate a strong working alliance?
One of the most productive ways of examining parallel questions in psychotherapy process research has been to study various counselor techniques. Counselor techniques can be defined as methods used by a counselor to facilitate positive behavior change in clients (Harper & Bruce Sanford, 1981). This definition implies that techniques are measurable entities and that techniques are used intentionally by counselors (Hill, 1992a, 1992b) The most common method of operationalizing counselor interventions has been through response modes (e.g., Hill, 1978; Porter, 1943; Robinson, 1950; Snyder, 1945; Stiles, 1979; Strupp, 1973), which refer to the counselor's intervention, independent of the topic or content of the speech (Hill, 1982). Response modes are measured in sentences or speaking turns (Hill, 1992a, 1992b).
One measure frequently used to assess and investigate counselor verbal response modes is the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Modes Category System (Hill, 1978, 1985, 1986). Developed from 11 existing response taxonomy systems, Hill's (1985, 1986) system includes 12 pantheoretical, nominal, mutually exclusive therapist verbal response modes.
The purpose of our study, which was primarily exploratory, was to use methodologies from psychotherapy research to investigate the following five research questions:
1. What verbal responses do counselors-in-training use in career counseling?
2. How similar are these verbal responses to those found in the one other career counseling study that was undertaken to analyze counselor response modes?
3. Given the importance of the working alliance to counseling outcome, which of the verbal response modes were related to the strength of the working alliance in career counseling?
4. How do findings about helpful counselor response modes in the career counseling setting compare with those found in psychotherapy process research?
5. Are any counselor response modes negatively correlated with the working alliance?
The career counseling clients were community residents who voluntarily came to the university's career center with a primary career issue (e.g., career dissatisfaction, career indecision, loss of job), and many also had related personal concerns (e.g., financial issues, conflict with coworkers, feelings of anxiety, death of a spouse). To increase the generalizability of the results, clients were not screened. However, for our study, we only included clients who (a) agreed that the first three sessions could be audiotaped, (b) were audible on all three audiotaped sessions, and (c) completed a Working Alliance Inventory after the third session; in addition, the client and his or her counselor both consented to participate in he study. Although the practicum counselors were asked to audiotape all of their sessions, sometimes they did not tape one of the first three sessions, or the tapes were inaudible, thus eliminating a potential client. For example, rapes from 6 potential participants were discarded because t hey were inaudible.
The 26 clients (14 women, 12 men) who met the inclusion criteria ranged in age from 16 to 59 years; 1 participant did not report age (M = 30.32, SD 8.42). Regarding clients' racial/ethnic background, 18 self-identified as European American, 2 as other (e.g., biracial), and 1 self-identified as Latino/a American; 5 participants did not report racial data. Eleven were employed full-time, 7 were employed part-time, 6 were not employed, and 2 did not report employment status. Ten clients were enrolled as fulltime students, 4 were enrolled as part-time students, and 10 were not enrolled in school; 2 participants did not report their educational status. Three clients had master's degrees, 11 had bachelor's degrees, 2 had high school diplomas, 4 had completed some high school education, and 1 had a grade school education. Five participants did not report their level of education.
Counselors of the clients who met the inclusion criteria were 19 counseling psychology graduate students (14 women, 5 men) enrolled in a career counseling practicum at a large, midwestern university who volunteered to participate in this study. The age of the counselors ranged from 23 to 55 years (M = 29.66, SD = 8.31,); 13 were European American, 3 were African American, 2 were Latino/a, and 1 was Asian American. For all counselors, this was their first practicum that focused specifically on career-related concerns. They had all taken a graduate-level course in career information and process. The philosophy of the practicum has been outlined in Career Counseling: Process, Issues, and Techniques (Gysbers, Heppner, & Johnston, 1998). Essentially, a holistic approach to the client is emphasized, and the counselors learn that the development of the working alliance is a core component of the career counseling process.
Raters of the verbal response modes were 12 (8 women, 4 men) master's-and doctoral-level graduate students (ns = 7 and 5, respectively). These raters were selected from all of the students who volunteered (N = 16), after they had been interviewed by either the first or second author. Eleven of the participants were students in counseling psychology, and 1 was a graduate student in higher education who had taken several courses in counseling. Six had completed only a prepracticum course, 1 had completed one practicum, and the remaining students had completed two or more practica. It should be noted that in the prepracticum course, each graduate student saw one undergraduate client for a total of four sessions, and each session was observed live by a supervisor and two other prepracticum students. Therefore, each prepracticum student conducted four 50-minute sessions and observed eight 50-minute counseling sessions. (See Multon, Kivlighan, & Gold, 1996, for a description of how the prepracticum course is conduc ted.) Thus, all raters had some counseling experience. Raters completed their tasks as four groups of three.
Measures and Rating System
Demographic questionnaires. Separate demographic questionnaires were developed for both counselors and clients. The counselor form included ive questions that elicited information on participants' sex, age, race, and previous practicum experience. The client form included six questions that elicited information on participants' age, sex, race, employment status, student status, and educational level.
Working Alliance Inventory--Short Form (WAI-S). The short version of Horvath and Greenberg's (1986) 36-item WAI was used for this study. The WAI assesses the working alliance according to Bordin's (1979) formulations. Items for the short version (WAI-S) were obtained from a factor analysis of the WAI. Tracey and Kokotovic (1989) selected the four highest loading items from each of the three WAI subscales: Bond, Tasks, and Goals. The WAI-S has 12 items and exists in two parallel forms: counselor and client. Each item is rated on a 7-point, fully anchored response scale, ranging from never (1) to always (7). The items are summed, with higher scores indicating a stronger working alliance. Total scores range from 12 to 84. Alpha coefficients for the WAI-S Total scores from a sample of 124 client--counselor pairings were .98 for client ratings (Tracey & Kokotovic, 1989).
Tracey and Kokotovic (1989) found that the factor structure of the WAI-S was found to be the same as that of the original WAI. Thus, the WAI-S assesses a general overriding alliance dimension, as well as Bordin's (1979) specific Bond, Tasks, and Goal variables. The three subscales have been found to be highly intercorrelated (Tracey & Kokotovic, 1989); thus, we used only the Total score in our investigation. Only the client version of the WAI--S was used for two reasons. First, it was our intent to study the client's appraisal of the alliance because their appraisals are related to various counselor intentions. Second, the client version has been shown to be a better predictor of outcome than the counselor version (Horvath & Symonds, 1991). Good construct validity for the WAI has been established through multitrait-multimethod analyses (Horvath & Greenberg, 1986). Evidence of concurrent and predictive validity has been provided by significant correlations of WAI scores with other counseling relationship measu res of therapeutic outcome (Horvath & Greenberg, 1986; Horvath & Symonds, 1991).
Revised Hill Counselor Verbal Response Modes Category System (Hill, 1985, 1986). This system includes 12 pantheoretical, nominal, mutually exclusive therapist verbal response modes: approval, information, direct guidance, closed question, open question, paraphrase (which includes restatement, reflection, summary, and nonverbal referent), interpretation, confrontation, self-disclosure, minimal encourager, silence, and other. Elliott et al. (1987) found concurrent validity for these categories with those of other response modes systems. The categories in the Hill (1985) system can be subdivided into six larger clusters: minimal responses (minimal encouragers, silence), supportive interventions (approval), directive interventions (information, direct guidance), questions (closed questions, open questions) paraphrase (paraphrase), and interpretive interventions (interpretation, confrontation, self-disclosure). To correct for different amounts of talking, proportions rather than frequencies of response modes were used in all analyses (Hill, 1978; Hill et al., 1988).
Data collection. Counselors met with clients over the course of one semester. Before seeing any clients, counselors were informed of the study, and they completed a consent form and a demographic questionnaire. Either before or during their first session, clients also completed a consent form and a demographic questionnaire. To comply with the inclusion criteria, all clients in this study also had audible audiotapes from the first three sessions, and they completed a measure (WAI-S) of the perceived strength of the working alliance.
Preparation of the audiotapes. Because the unit of investigation in this study is aggregated data and not individual sessions, it is recommended that researchers use segments of sessions rather than entire tapes (Friedlander, Ellis, Siegel, Raymond, & Haase, 1988). Friedlander and her colleagues used a variety of data sets and process measures to test segment generalizability in different formats of counseling with different coding systems (including the system used in this study). They found that when sessions were examined as a group, or aggregate, even fairly small segments could represent the full session with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Whole sessions are necessary only when conducting individual case studies.
The audiotapes were cued to begin at a point that would allow the raters to listen to the middle 20 minutes of the tape. This segment was chosen because it represented the central part of the counseling session. The 78 audiotapes (i.e., three initial sessions per client) were randomly assigned to rating teams.
Rating of verbal response modes. Before completing ratings, raters received approximately 15 hours of training by the second author on using the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Modes Category System to code counselor responses. This training included the following five steps: (a) reading the manual for Hill's (1985) system (b) reviewing definitions of categories, (c) reviewing instructions given in the manual for categorizing, (d) completing practice transcripts provided in the manual, and (e) completing practice transcripts using three audiotapes that were collected for but not used in the present study.
Raters completed their tasks in four groups of three individuals. Two groups completed ratings on one half of the data; the other two groups completed ratings on the other half of the data. The following rating process was used. Each week, the members of each team listened to three 20-minute segments of three different sessions for one counselor - client pair, prepared transcripts of the counselor's responses for those sessions, and then rated all responses from the sessions while relistening to the audiotapes. The following week, the prepared transcripts and audiotapes were given to a second team member for rating. This rotation process was again repeated during a 3rd week. At the end of 3 weeks, all three team members met to discuss discrepancies and to decide on final response categories. In accordance with the manual, if two raters provided the same category for a response, the category was accepted. If all three raters disagreed about the category for a response, the response was discussed, and the team selected a category. The transcripts were only prepared once for each set of audiotapes to ensure that each member was rating the same list of responses. During the discussion in the 3rd week, any disagreements concerning response units in the transcripts were presented and examined. Any necessary alterations in responses and category assignments were completed at this time.
To investigate the representativeness of the chosen segment, counselor verbal responses for the chosen segment (middle 20 minutes) were correlated with responses for the whole session for one audiotape. Ratings for this analysis were performed by the second author and by two of the raters in accordance with rating procedures outlined in the manual for Hill's (1985) system. Proportions of each category were used to calculate the correlation of .97 (p < .01, df = 6). In addition, the relationship between the two rating teams was investigated. Specifically, interrater reliability was calculated using a conservative test, the kappa statistic (Tinsley & Weiss, 1975). The result was K = 0.82, indicating good interrater reliability.
In the career counseling sessions, the most frequent counselor verbal response was information (M = .35, SD = .14), with paraphrase (M = .17, SD = .09) and closed question (M = .17, SD = .09) the second most frequent responses. The remaining verbal responses were as follows: open question (M = .10, SD = .05), approval (M = .10, SD = .06), self-disclosure (M = .03, SD = .04), direct guidance (M = .05, SD = .05), interpretation (M = .02, SD = .02), and confrontation (M = .00, SD = .00). Client WAI-S total ratings ranged from 57 to 84 (M = 71.54, SD = 7.80), with the item level mean of 5.96 (SD = .65).
Correlations were performed to examine the relationship between counselor verbal responses and clients' WAI-S post--third session scores. The data from all three sessions for each client were collapsed into one observation for each category. Table 1 presents these correlations.
In order to examine the relation of various types of verbal responses to a potentially relevant characteristic of the counselor (i.e., experience level), proportions of counselor verbal responses and the clients' perceptions of the working alliance (i.e., the WAI-S) were correlated with counselors' previous practicum experience. Previous practicum experience was operationalized as the number of semesters enrolled in practicum. For the 19 counselors-in-training, previous practicum experience ranged from zero to three semesters (M = .57, SD = .83). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between counselors' previous practicum experience and open question (r = .65, p < .01) as well as the use of paraphrase (r .56, p < .01); that is, counselors with more experience tended to ask more open-ended questions and to paraphrase more. However, the correlation between the counselors previous practicum experience and the clients' perception of the working alliance after the third session was not signifi cant (r -.08, p .71).
Results of this investigation are important both from a methodological and an empirical perspective. From a methodological perspective, only one other study has been published, to date, that examined career counselor response modes (Nagel, Hoffman, & Hill, 1995). Nagel et al. used 4 counselor-client pairs and examined two sessions. Thus, the current investigation, which used 19 counselors-in-training and 26 clients across 78 client sessions, represents a substantial methodological advance. In addition, in order to add to the generalizability of our findings, the clients in this study were not recruited but rather were adults in career transition who voluntarily came to a career center. This also represents a substantial contribution in that actual career clients were studied in an actual career counseling setting. As Swanson (1995) noted after her review of the career counseling process and outcome research, one of the most surprising features of the career counseling literature was the
brevity of many of thc interventions and the frequent use of recruited or no-choice participants rather than actual clients. In fact, researchers have nor yet adequately evaluated career counseling. Studies that appear to be evaluations of career counseling often consist of a single session, are structured or didactic in nature, and focus on test interpretation or information giving. IN short, they do not seem to resemble career counseling. (p. 251)
In addition to methodological advances, this study also offers a number of important empirical findings. For example, we used clinically relevant, established measures and a categorization scheme that can be compared across studies. Thus, these results begin to form a knowledge base documenting what actually occurs during the career counseling process.
One major finding in this study is that in a relatively large sample of career counseling sessions, the three most frequently used counselor response modes (provision of information, paraphrase, and closed question) accounted for 79% of the total counselor responses. It should be noted, however, that counselor verbal responses were analyzed for the first three sessions of career counseling. Some verbal responses, such as interpretation, would probably not be used that early in the counseling process, especially by novice counselors. However, because three or four sessions are typical of much of career counseling (Gysbers et al., 1998), it may be that these more advanced verbal response modes are used very infrequently in career counseling.
In examining this data, it would seem that having a larger repertoire of verbal responses might give the counselor-in-training greater flexibility in working with his or her clients. We do have evidence from this investigation that none of the most frequently used responses were significantly related to the working alliance. Whether they contribute to positive client outcome will require further investigation. Recently published data indicated that a full 60% of adult clients who sought career counseling were assessed as experiencing psychological distress, predominately high levels of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity (Multon et al., 2001). Given this level of severity of symptoms along with complex career concerns, it would seem that having an expanded repertoire of verbal response modes might be very important. These results lend support to researchers who have long argued for greater competency in training on the integration of career counseling and psychotherapy (Manuele-Adkins, 1992; Ni les & Pate, 1989). One can question whether providing information, paraphrasing the client, and making extensive use of close-ended questions would be helpful with this complex constellation of client issues.
Our second research question was related to how comparable these data are with data from the only other study (Nagel et al., 1995) that examined counselor verbal response modes in career counseling. We compared our findings with those of Nagel et al. (1995), examining similarities and differences in career counselors' verbal response modes across two different samples. This comparison indicated that providing information was the most frequent response mode in both studies, with 42% in the Nagel et al. study and 35% in our investigation. In addition, paraphrasing also accounted for a large percentage of responses in both studies (i.e., 14% in the Nagel et al. study and 17% in the current investigation). Nagel et al. reported a greater use of direct guidance (i.e., 18% compared with 5% in our study). We also found that counselors used more close-ended questions than did the counselors in the Nagel et al. study (i.e., 17% in the current study compared with 9% in the Nagel et al. study). The three most infrequent ly used counselor response modes (i.e., interpretation, confrontation, and self-disclosure) were also the same across the two investigations. These three response modes comprised between 5% and 7% of the verbal responses in both studies. Nagel et al. concluded that the career counselors in their study were most similar to active, directive helpers (e.g., family practice lawyers, Albert Ellis, and radio talk show psychologists), which they determined on the basis of the number of response modes identified in other studies. Overall, they stated that the master's-level career counselors in their investigation focused primarily on action-oriented interventions with less focus on more intrapsychic interventions, at least in middle sessions. The current investigation, with a much larger sample of career counseling sessions, offers support for Nagel et al.'s conclusions. Counselors in our study were very active and directive, giving information, paraphrasing the client's feelings and content, as well as using an int erviewing style that included close-ended questions.
Next, given the importance of the working alliance to counseling outcome, we were interested in determining which of the verbal response modes were positively related to the strength of the working alliance in career counseling, and in comparing those findings to those in psychotherapy process research. We found that none of the verbal response modes categorized in this investigation were significantly and positively related to the strength of the working alliance in career counseling. Although a strong working alliance seems to have been built between client and counselors in this study, this relationship was apparently unrelated to most of the counselors' response modes. Thus, it seems that variables other than counselor verbal responses were responsible for building the working alliance in a positive direction.
The fourth research question asked for a comparison of counselor response modes to ones that have been found to be helpful within psychotherapy process research; the fifth research question asked whether any counselor response modes were negatively correlated with the working alliance. In her review, Hill (1992a, 1992b) indicated that interpretation, self-disclosure, paraphrase, and approval seemed most consistently helpful to clients. In contrast, the current study found no significant relationship between the working alliance and paraphrase, interpretation, or approval. Furthermore, self-disclosure was negatively correlated with the clients' rating of the working alliance. Thus, our findings suggest that the same type of counselor response modes that may be helpful in psychotherapy may be less so in career counseling. It is important to note, however, that the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Modes Category System (Hill, 1985, 1986) was not designed specifically for career counseling and may not be sensitive to some aspects of career counseling. In addition, Hill (1992a, 1992b) cautioned readers that findings are tentative and should not be interpreted as hard and fast rules about the use of counselor techniques. It is noted that some findings are from studies that have methodological shortcomings; thus, findings need to be replicated in investigations that use more rigorous designs. Overall, according to Hill 1992a, 1992b), although interpretations are helpful, ample evidence indicates that interpretations should be of moderate depth and related to a client's interpersonal difficulties. In essence, then, it is the kind of interpretations rather than the number that is important. Also, Hill (1992a, 1992b) stated that there is tentative evidence to indicate that an effective counseling technique is to use supportive interpretations after confrontation. Counselors in the present study appeared to use no confrontations across the 78 sessions. Perhaps this was because confrontation is an advanced skill, and all couns elors in this study were novice career counselors.
Another important contrast between what has been demonstrated to be helpful in psychotherapy process research and the findings in the current investigation is in the area of counselor self-disclosure. The use of counselor self-disclosure has been investigated in many studies within psychotherapy process research (see Hill & Williams, 2000). Self-disclosure is defined as "any statement in which the therapist reveals something personal about herself or himself to the client" (Hill & Williams, 2000, p. 675). In their review of the self-disclosure literature, Hill and Williams reported that across studies, self-disclosure was used infrequently. They reported that self-disclosure ranged from 1% to 4% of the verbal responses across studies, which is comparable to our investigation in which it was used 3% of the time and Nagel et al.'s (1995) study, in which it was used 2% of the time. In their summary of the combined studies within psychotherapy research Hill and Williams reported the following.
The evidence indicates that therapist self-disclosure is often effective, resulting in high ratings of helpfulness, high levels of client experiencing, and new insight or perspective. Furthermore, self-disclosure can make therapists seem more real or human, improve the therapeutic relationship, make clients feel more normal or reassured, lead to symptom relief, and lead to greater lilting of the therapist. (p. 676)
Given this glowing summary of the effectiveness of counselor self-disclosure in psychotherapy research, it was somewhat perplexing to find a strong, significant negative correlation between counselor self-disclosure and the strength of the working alliance in the third session. Because this was the first investigation to examine the relationship of career counselor self-disclosure and the working alliance, it is difficult to know whether this finding was unique to this study. It may be a difference in what career clients, as compared with psychotherapy clients, find useful in building an alliance with their counselor.
Although future studies will need to examine the impact of counselor self-disclosure on the formation of the working alliance in career counseling, we can hypothesize about some possible explanations for this finding. For example, one possible explanation for this apparent incongruity may be that, as Hill (1992a) argued, "helpfulness of different response modes appears to be dependent on the therapist intention, the type of client, the client's presenting problem, and client's experiencing level immediately before the therapists intervention" (p. 729).
In addition, there seem to be different forms of self-disclosure, some perhaps more helpful than others. Using categories from previous research, Hill, Mahalik, and Thompson (1989) found that clients rated reassuring disclosures as more helpful than challenging disclosures. An examination of the specific self-disclosures that were used by the counselors in our study revealed that few of the disclosures seemed to be intended to reassure or confront. Most of them seemed to be what Hill and O'Brien (1999) discussed as self-disclosures that helpers use to satisfy their urge to reveal themselves, rather than to intentionally help clients gain insight. Greenberg, Rice, and Elliott (1993) called such impulsive helper openness "promiscuous self-disclosure." The result of using such self-disclosure is that the clients feel uncomfortable and lose respect for the helper. Some examples of nonhelpful self-disclosures from our study include "That's where I did my undergrad, I remember how fun it was"; "I'm personally going to register with them just because I'd love to hear about something somebody says that gets them the perfect job"; "I have another client whose family is from Phoenix"; and "I think I am putting this spin on it because I've experienced the same thing in my life." This kind of self-serving self-disclosure may very well make the client feel uncomfortable and that perhaps their counselor is not attending to them.
Perhaps even more disturbing in examining the actual transcripts were counselors who used self-deprecating self-disclosures. Examples include: "Oh, I'm distracted, I mean fragmented. My brain is going in so many different directions, I forgot where we were." "I'm a real big word person, like real anal retentive." "I'm a little uncomfortable critiquing people's work because it's like, what do I know?" It is clear that this kind of counselor self-disclosure would not lead to faith in the counselor and likely accounted for some of the variance in the negative correlation between self-disclosure and formation of the working alliance. Future investigations will need to explore whether these findings are generalizable to other career counseling samples.
There was a significant positive relationship between counselors who had previous practicum experiences in another setting and their use of both more paraphrasing and more open-ended questions. Thus, counselor experience was related to use of certain counselor response modes.
This investigation also provides potentially effective data for integrating science and practice (Heppner, Multon, & Gysbers, 2001). Findings from this study could serve to inform the training of career counselors. For example, the data on self-disclosure alone could prompt an excellent discussion of the appropriate uses of self-disclosure. Emphasis could be placed on previous findings that indicate that self-disclosure has been found to be useful in forming a solid working alliance, especially when self-disclosures are used for reassuring the client. Data from the current study could also be presented to demonstrate inappropriate self-disclosure and how such self-disclosure can lead to a poorer alliance formation. In addition, some research has been conducted on counselors' covert thoughts or self-talk during sessions. Williams, Judge, Hill, and Hoffman (1997) examined what beginning graduate students describe as their covert self-talk, or reactions during counseling sessions and how they cope with these rea ctions. Some of the self-deprecating verbal responses that were used by counselors in this investigation might be discussed in this context. That is, beginning counselors are often nervous and have a range of self-talk, including the expression of feelings of inadequacy. However, there are other ways to manage these reactions, aside from revealing them to clients in the manner that was apparently done by some counselors in this study. Thus, it is expected that investigations of this type can provide nor only useful information from a research perspective, but they can also serve as a training tool to help inform career counseling practice.
Thus, it was the purpose of this study to examine the counselor verbal responses that are used predominately by counselors-in-training during career counseling. The findings from this relatively large sample study reinforce some of the findings from the one previous verbal response mode study in the career counseling literature in terms of the most used and least used response modes; however, the findings also diverged from some of the earlier findings. The most surprising finding was the negative relationship between counselor self-disclosure and the formation of the working alliance. Future research will be needed to further examine contributions to the working alliance in career counseling, including the impact of the counselors' level of experience in providing career counseling. We hope future research of this type will provide useful information concerning variables in the career counseling process that lead to the effective outcomes that have been reported consistently in the career counseling literatu re.
TABLE 1 Correlations Between Counselors' (N = 19) Verbal Responses and Clients' (N = 26) Working Alliance Inventory-- Short Form (WAI-S) Post--Third Session Scores Varbal Response Correlation approval -.00 Information -.11 Direct guidance .26 Closed question .27 Open question -.05 Paraphrase .11 Interpretation .01 Confrontation .00 Self-disclosure -.58 ** Note. df = 24. ** p < .01.
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Karen D. Multon, Maryf. Heppner, and Norman C. Gysbers, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia; Carrie A. Ellis-Kalton, Neuropsychological Diagnostics, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Karen D. Multon, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 16 Hill Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)
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ing mission, especially when assisting in novel interdisciplinary courses. The Preparing Future Faculty initiative, a joint effort of the Council of Graduate Schools and the Association of American Colleges and Universities, offers insights on how to provide graduate students with this kind of experience. Preparing Future Faculty can also help current faculty consider how student learning might vary from discipline to discipline. Additional information is available at: http://www.preparing-faculty.org/. Both faculty and TAs need to learn new subject matter and new pedagogical approaches to teaching and enhancing learning across disciplines.
A major constraint on increasing interdisciplinary education is the physical layout of the teaching facilities. The science teaching spaces on most campuses today are typically located in buildings constructed in the immediate post-Sputnik era when the U.S. government was promoting science as a way to "catch up" with the Soviets. These old spaces reflect the strong influence of the inflexible, discipline-oriented laboratory spaces of that era and are ill suited for new pedagogical approaches and the presentation of interdisciplinary science necessary to train the life scientists of the future. Laboratories were often designed in ways that make student-student interactions challenging (i.e., floor-to-ceiling lab benches and shelves). Many institutions are now planning and building new science teaching and research facilities, or renovating old ones. Planning such teaching and research space provides a unique opportunity for any institution to seek answers to the fundamental questions about how space can be arranged to optimize educational objectives. An understanding of, and focus upon, the curriculum to be taught and the learning objectives to be realized must serve as the foundation upon which new or renovated spaces are designed. Integration of curricular mission and focus, along with overall space needs, is essential before any institution can identify what kind of facilities are required for its programs. Teaching and research facilities must be designed and developed to work synergistically with new, interdisciplinary pedagogical approaches and to emulate the physical environments in which students will ultimately work. An invaluable resource to help faculty and administrators with this design and planning process is Project Kaleidoscope Volume III, Structures for Science: A Handbook on Planning Facilities for Undergraduate Natural Science Communities .


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Scientists Prove X-ray Laser Can Solve Protein Structures from Scratch
SLAC Researcher Lauded for Ground-breaking Graduate Work
Copper Shock: An Atomic-scale Stress Test
SLAC Scientists Create Twisted Light
Scientists at SLAC have found a new method to create coherent beams of twisted light – light that spirals around a central axis as it travels. It has the potential to generate twisted light in shorter pulses, higher intensities and a much wider range of wavelengths, including X-rays, than is currently possible.
SLAC Physicist Receives Free-electron Laser Award
Dao Xiang, a SLAC accelerator physicist, has received an international award for his work on a technique for tuning an electron beam with a laser to produce X-ray pulses with more uniform and predictable properties.
LCLS Gets New Equipment, Upgrades During Downtime
Crews will install a powerful new instrument, start assembling a new "self-seeding" system that will focus soft X-ray laser pulses into a bright, narrow band of colors, and upgrade several laser systems during two months of routine downtime at SLAC's Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser.
Ribosome Research Takes Shape at SLAC
In a new state-of-the-art lab at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, components of ribosomes – tiny biological machines that make new proteins and play a vital role in gene expression and antibiotic treatments – form crystals in a liquid solution.
Signs at the lab's entryway warn of the potential for contamination – these delicate samples can be damaged by human touch, a sneeze or a dust particle.
Rapid Beam-switching Allows SLAC X-ray Laser to Multitask
A high-energy SLAC laser that creates shock waves and superhot plasmas needs to cool for about 10 minutes between shots. In the meantime, the rapid-fire pulses produced by SLAC's Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray laser, which probes the extreme states of matter produced by this initial laser shot, are unused.
Speed Limit Set for Ultrafast Electrical Switch
New Test Bed Probes the Origin of Pulses at LCLS
It all comes down to one tiny spot on a diamond-cut, highly pure copper plate. That's where every X-ray laser pulse at SLAC's Linac Coherent Light Source gets its start. That tiny spot must be close to perfect or it can impair and even halt LCLS operations.
SLAC in May 2013 opened a new test facility at the Accelerator Structure Test Area (ASTA) to study the complex physics and chemistry that cause that shiny copper slab, called a cathode, to degrade over time, and to identify ways to maintain and improve its performance.


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Not sure of the severity of his injury but it is an injury to Hamilton which everybody has thought would happen...too bad.
Read it here
Not sure of the severity of his injury but it is an injury to Hamilton which everybody has thought would happen...too bad.
Read it here
"Sometimes, it's not the sexiest moves that put you over the top," Krivsky said. "It's a series of transactions that help you get there."
Knee inflammation. According to the article he's listed as day-to-day.
I miss Adam Dunn.
Glad it's not overly serious, the man is on a roll and I'd like to see him put together the full season.
Hamilton's wife is hot.
Pujols, Furcal, Pena, Hernandez, Peavy, Keppinger, Hairston, Byrnes, Hawpe, Harden, and now Hamilton..... my fantasy team is just cursed. Absolutely cursed.
I would take 76 RBI's day to day right now.
Gosh, if Hamilton could have just stayed away from the drugs, he might be half way to the HOF by now.
He would also be one of my favorite players.....he is anyway I guess.
Love having Volquez, but man, to have Dunn, Bruce and Hamilton as the Reds outfield for the next few years would ahve been really great.
Anyway, a weak substitute, but a substitute nonetheless, is Volquez, Cueto and Thompson in a rotation with Harang. If Bailey could just get fixed.
"Is there a problem officers?"
Compare that to Johnny Cueto's performance in the same amount of innings and you get the picture. He allowed 4 hits, one run, and no walks. He also struck out 7. He's improved. I predict rough times for Mr. Thompson, but a bright future.
Back to the Hamilton issue. I miss Josh Hamilton. Despite his weird assertations lately that Jesus (or God, I forget which) told him in a dream to change agents, we could use that bat on a team that is offensively challenged. The question that has to be asked is if the added firepower would negate the performance of Edinson Volquez. There is no absolute answer, but Volquez can only pitch once every five days and Josh would play every day (now I sound like George Grande using first names). I'd take that bat every day if I could and I'd hae tried to send them any number of Reds hitters. That might not have been possible, but as I watch our team sturggle to get 10 hits and 4 runs, I covet his numbers. Pitching is wonderful and gets all kinds of orgasmic comments from the Zone, but there ain't no substitute for runs. You gotta score some to win. The Reds do not score enough runs to win many games no matter what the pitching staff does.
Last edited by WVRedsFan; 06-25-2008 at 01:48 AM.
"You only have to bat a thousand in two things; flying and heart transplants. Everything else you can go 4-for-5."
-Beano Cook
For the last time, the Rangers came to the Reds about Hamilton. No one else. This trade was great for the Reds, and I would do it 100 out of 100 times. WK turned $50,000 into the most valuable thing you can have in baseball: A young stud starting pitcher. End of story.
Fact is though, that somebody did their homework on this one. What Volquez MIGHT turn out to be is a stud.....and they are almost impossible to find. I agree with what you said about Thompson. Cueto's debute was sure a lot better than Thompson's, but I was impressed that he threw hard....and wasn't throwing the ball to the screen.
Having 3 young starters that throw over 93 mph and can get people out is sure a nice start in building a winning team.
I have as much faith in Jocketty as I had in Marvin Lewis. I am anxious about next year and the one beyond.
"Is there a problem officers?"
I've said it before and I'll say it again. I just have a feeling that if Krivsky had gotten a little more creative and not in such a hurry to do a deal, he could have landed Volquez and kept most all the "crown jewels" including Josh Hamilton.
Opinions are like belly buttons. Everybody has one, and they don't want someone else's shoved into their face.
Nope. Texas wanted Hamilton and Hamilton only. Reds wanted Volquez and held out till Texas agreed to give him up. No other way that deal happens -- GMs have too much at stake to be talked out of what they really want in a deal that has that kind of talent in it.I've said it before and I'll say it again. I just have a feeling that if Krivsky had gotten a little more creative and not in such a hurry to do a deal, he could have landed Volquez and kept most all the "crown jewels" including Josh Hamilton.
"Baseball is a very, very complex business. It's more of a people business than most businesses." - Bob Castellini
I hope it's not serious.....the guy is putting up some stupid stupid stupid numbers.
I'm sure if you go to any Rangers board,they are saying that the Rangers GM should have kept Volquez, and substituted Millwood instead, the Reds were so desparate for pitching.
THe Reds couldpossibly have sent Bruce (and maybe others) to get the deal done.
The Rangers did not want Dunn or Griffey. They wanted a great, young cheap hitter to build around. That was Hamilton or Bruce.
Here is an update from FoxSports....
"Sometimes, it's not the sexiest moves that put you over the top," Krivsky said. "It's a series of transactions that help you get there."
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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A highly useful resource for professionals and students alike, this cutting-edge, first-of-its-kind book provides a thorough introduction to nanoscale communication networks. Written in a clear tutorial style, this volume covers a wide range of the most important topics in the area, from molecular communication and carbon nanotube nano-networks, to nanoscale quantum networking and the future direction of nano networks. Moreover, the book features numerous exercise problems at the end of each chapter to ensure a solid understanding of the material.
Preface. Towards Nanonetworks. Molecular Motor Communication. Gap Junction and Cell Signaling. Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanonetworks. Nanoscale Quantum Networking. Information Theory and Nanonetworks. Architectural Questions. Conclusions. Appendices.


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Latest The Telegraph Stories
Playing video games for no more than one hour per day can have a small but positive impact on childhood development, according to new research published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.
The best-in-class Libertador Hotels in Cusco, Peru, offer guests an exquisite place to stay when touring the impressive pre-Columbian ruins found at Machu Picchu. (PRWEB)
A new survey from DoubleYourWellness.com pinpoints the issues stressing men over 45 out today.
A recently leaked UN report on Arctic sea ice has provided insight into the political divide surrounding the contentious issue of global warming.
With the headline "Iranian Scientist Claims to Have Invented 'Time Machine'," and a picture of the Delorean from "Back to the Future," The Telegraph stirred up some controversy earlier this week.
Housework, exercise, breast cancer: which of these things does not belong? None of them, it turns out. There is a distinct relationship between breast cancer risk and your level of physical activity.
Scientists discovered that, while having more babies can lead to a higher body mass index, the longer a woman breastfeeds causes a lower body mass index (BMI) later on.
Google is under fire yet again for its controversial StreetView Mapping service, after Britain alleged it deliberately collected personal data while capturing images in the country.
The British Empire apparently has very high standards when it comes to handing out the title of "Knight." As it turns out, all you have to do is design 5 or more world-changing devices for the Royals to take notice of you.
- An uxorious, effeminate, or spiritless man.
- A timorous, cowardly fellow.


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ARCHOS 97 Carbon is an Android 4.0 ICS tablet featuring a great 9.7″ multipoint IPS screen, Rockchip RK2918 CPU and 1 Gb of RAM. The device comes unrooted and with a limited space for applications (500 Mb), we have modified the stock firmware to add full root, with write access to /system and 2 Gb extended space for applications. Guess what, this firmware works on Arnova 9 G3 too !
ARCHOS 97 Carbon custom firmware features
Stock firmware offers about 500 Mb storage space to install applications
Our custom firmware extends it to 2 Gb
Testing our ARCHOS 97 Carbon rooted custom firmware on the Arnova 9 G3
Support the project!
|If our web site and applications helped you, thanks for supporting us by donating using the Paypal form below or visiting our Donations page. Donations will be used to pay the bills for our server hosting costs, tools and purchase new tablets to support.
Install procedureBefore starting, please make sure you backup all your existing apps, data and files that are on your tablet as they will be erased during the flash process. Also make sure your device is connected to the power.
Step 1. Download
Kasty custom firmware download (version 0.42)
This firmware is specific to the ARCHOS 97 CARBON and Arnova 9 G3 and should not be installed on other devices.
Download the file above and extract the custom firmware image (update.img) on your computer hard drive.
Step 2. Install and run Rockchip Flashing toolPlease follow the Rockchip Flashing tool procedure: that will explain how to download Rockchip flashing tool, unpack the archive, put your device into flashing mode and flash the custom firmware file that you have unpacked in Step 1.
Step 3. ARCHOS 97 CARBON / Arnova 9 G3 flashing and restartAfter Rockchip flasher has transferred the custom firmware to the tablet, the device will restart and install the firmware. Finally you will be back to Arnova default startup wizard.
You will find the 3 easy steps of the installation procedure in the following video, see how to get Google Play and root to the Arnova 9 G3 in less than 10 minutes, it works the same on the ARCHOS 97 Carbon.
Let us know how it works for you in our ARCHOS 97 Carbon forum.
Great thanks to BlueSKYRiver member on our forum for his help with the firmware dump and tests.
I did it, thank you so much! After some issue with the drivers I got the new firmware on my tablet ARCHOR 97 CARBON. I am so happy because now I have more space on it and it seems to go faster. The battery indicator shows constantly 100% but this is no problem for me I only needed the extra space…
Great job..Just flashed my Carbon and it works perfect..Thanks for the info!!!!
Has anyone any ideas on why when I try to install from SD in CWM it first says e-signature error then asks if I still want to install un-trusted ZIp it aborts. no matter how many attempts it just aborts, is file corrupt or fake?
I cannot use rockchip method for two reasons;
1. Micro USB socket damaged – main usb will not connect to PC.
2. Rockchip does not see any device – I tried to see if any tablet would connect, nothing.
Help please 512MB of apps is not worth it.
Just installed successfully on my Carbon. Definitely faster and connects easier to WiFi.
flash done on my 97 carbon. Works fine. thanks a lot.
Could you do a YouTube video that shows how to do this from step 1 to finish?
Thanks. Installed this last night and works rather well. The only difficult I had was to understand how to get to the flash mode for the Elements Carbon 97 model. Essentially, it was a case of having the USB cable plugged in, the tablet switched on and then selecting the HOME and POWER button simultaneously. After a few seconds, the screen goes blank (black) (almost looking like its been switched off), but that was not the case and essentially that was when it had entered flash mode.
Gr8 work.
i can't get into recovery mood. as the picture told, "insert a paperclip in the Reset pinhole of the tablet and press the Home button", but all i got is just restarting. can you describe more details about it? my 97 carbon's version is 4.0.3.
thank you very much!
do the same steps but press the power button not the reset pinhollyou know it"s in flash mood when the computer recognize new hardware install driver and continue as mentioned in flash procedure.
I didn't know my 97 was entering flash mode, there are no visual signs, the screen doesn't change, it just stays black like it's not on.
I realised it was going into flash mode when it was connected to my PC via USB and I followed the instructions, I got the 'found new hardware' noise. Not the message mind. I needed to go into Device Manager where there was an unknown device and use the drivers in the Rockchip bundle to recognise the unknown device. Then the Rockchip flash tool would see it, and I could update the firmware.
So, plug your device into your PC with a USB cable, insert a paperclip in the Reset pinhole of the tablet and press the Home button, wait till you hear the found new hardware noise, check Device Manager, etc etc and hopefully you'll get there. It sounds like you definitely need to reflash the device anyway.
can i get google play store in archose 97 carbon?
if get how can i?please
No need for a custom firmware on the ARCHOS Carbon for Google Play Store access, it's built in the machine by default and the machine is Google certified.
Can i use all the custom roms for the Arnova 9 G3 for the Archos 97 Carbon
Like for example this jelly beans
This firmware seems reasonably stable on a 9 G3 but it has hung a few times and took about three reboots and two sets of calibration before it finally settled down…
However, I agree with Marcojedi, the battery indicator no longer works and constantly shows 100%. I have also tried a Battery Indicator tool from Google Play and this does the same thing so I'm guessing there must be a hardware incompatibility in the firmware, between the Carbon and the G3 ?
Any ideas how to fix this?
Can i use this on my 9 g2? presently running Honycombe and would like to upgrade, just need the courage to do it
I have to fall in love my arnova 9G3 with the custom firmware Arnova97. Everything is OK except that the capacity battery does not change any more. I do not know any more the load of the tablet. Have you a solution.
I have this prob too did you find a solution?
Excellent work, I installed this on my Arnova 9 G3, and it feels faster, has the extra space and the Location services are working. Woohoo!!!
[…] Plus d'information sur http://www.arctablet.com/blog/featured/archos-97-carbon-custom-firmware-root-2gb-space-apps-arnova-9… […]
The initial firmware is on line on archos website
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Special Features: Specifications: Suitable for Apple's iphone 4G Hard PC shell case with a soft TPR material inside The silicone lining in the four corners of the shell case are thicker to ke ...
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Collective POS Closes Year With More Top Honours
Recognized as Elavon´s top Canadian merchant services provider with most new customer activations in 2012
Toronto, ON (PRWEB) December 31, 2012
Collective Point of Sale Solutions Ltd., a leading payment processor and merchant services provider, has completed 2012 with more top honours, cementing its place as Canada's choice for fast and efficient debit and credit card processing for small to medium-sized businesses.
Collective POS was recognized by Elavon, a leading global payments provider, as the company´s leading Canadian merchant services provider, accounting for the most new customer activations in 2012. The announcement was made at Elavon´s annual MSP Conference and was part of an awards recognition that included top merchant service providers from North America.
"It´s been a year of growth and success," said Michael Back, president and CEO, Collective Point of Sale Solutions Ltd. "We first invested in new technology to provide faster payment processing solutions, and now one of the world´s leading payment processing companies has confirmed our leadership in a crucial industry measure."
"Collective POS has continued to demonstrate its capabilities in payment processing, and we are proud of our association with them," said David McAlhaney, Elavon S.V.P / North American Third Party Business Development. "Their ability to deliver to customers is unrivalled. We have worked hard together to develop our combined proposition to best service our joint customers."
"We look forward to beginning 2013 with this momentum behind our efforts to provide faster, more convenient customized payment processing p.o.s. solutions to our growing merchant portfolio," Back said.
About Elavon (http://www.elavon.com)
Elavon is wholly owned by U.S. Bancorp and provides end-to-end payment processing solutions and services to more than one million merchants in the United States, Europe, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Puerto Rico. Elavon markets solutions including credit and debit card processing, electronic gift cards, dynamic currency conversion, multi-currency support, and cross-border acquiring through multiple alliance channels including financial institutions, trade associations, and third party sales agents. Elavon's suite of solutions is tailored to meet the needs of merchants in specialized markets such as retail, hospitality/T&E, health care, education and the public sector.
About Collective Point of Sale Solutions Ltd.
Founded in 2001, Collective Point of Sale Solutions Ltd., Canada´s choice for payment processing and merchant services, provides entrepreneurs and owners of small to medium-sized businesses with affordable, convenient and more customized alternatives to the debit and credit card processing services currently offered by major banks and other payment processors. With more than 70 employees, Collective POS serves nearly 12,000 businesses across Canada and processes in excess of $1 billion worth of debit and credit transactions annually.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prwebcollectivepos/merchant-services/prweb10275393.htm


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President Obama campaigns for Markey
(Boston Globe) President Barack Obama spoke at a rally for US Senate hopeful Edward J. Markey at the Reggie Track and Field Center in Roxbury. Video by Susan Chalifoux / Globe Staff
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Event Name- OR - Select an option below
Bunny's Bar & Grill has been a St. Louis Park institution for over 70 years, delivering a wide array of food and beverages to its faithful patrons. Game days get pretty lively, with fans crowding the spacious bar, tuning in to Bunny's vast amounts of big screen TV's. The neighborhood atmosphere of the place is sure to make you feel welcome no matter what team you're cheering for.


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Anime Fans of modDBFans & Clans group with 2,199 members, open to all members
This group has been formed to gather the people who enjoy Japanese anime and all of its facets, to salute the people from the land of the Rising Sun.
I live in Great Britain, yes, that little dot near the middle of the map. In a little god forsaken town called Tain, wich has no hot ladies. I'm also a Polack, if you don't know what that word means, then you won't, becouse that is not a word. Also, DON'T DISAGREE WITH MY LOGIC! I'm a Male, so call me, ladies. But only the preety ones, if you are fat and ugly, and think you are preety, then you are not. REMEMBER DON'T DISAGREE WITH MY LOGIC! Even though i am an imigrant in this island called a 'Country', I speak perfect English and have a Scottish/English accent. And i can speak Polish, if you haven't guessed already. Also, im handsome, very handsome, actually im so handsome that i even don't have a girlfriend, becouse they are just too shy to ask me out. Here's some of my accounts, please add me. (ladies) PSN: MaksimilianPL YouTube: Maksymilian121
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This group has been formed to gather the people who enjoy Japanese anime and all of its facets, to salute the people from the land of the Rising Sun.
Desura is a community driven digital distribution service for gamers, putting the best games, mods and downloadable content from developers at gamers...


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Loudon Race Recap
Denny Hamlin and Joey Logano secured two top-five finishes for Joe Gibbs Racing in today's Lenox Industrial Tools 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, while an early blown tire left their teammate Kyle Busch back in 36th.
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Denny Hamlin and Joey Logano secured two top-five finishes for Joe Gibbs Racing in today's Lenox Industrial Tools 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, while an early blown tire left their teammate Kyle Busch back in 36th.
Kyle Busch made history Saturday in Loudon, NH when he crossed the finish line first to capture his 100th NASCAR win and 49th Nationwide Series victory. This tied him with Mark Martin as All-Time wins leaders.
[nggallery id=50]
Kyle Busch claimed yet another piece of NASCAR history tonight when he became the first driver to ever win a Sprint Cup Series race at Kentucky Speedway. All three JGR teams would place inside the top 15 with Denny Hamlin finishing 10th and Joey Logano 14th before a packed house at the 1.5-mile track.
Read more
Joe Gibbs Racing proved to have one of the strongest teams on the track tonight for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Coke Zero 400 at Daytona International Speedway.
Each of the three JGR drivers showed the ability to make a run to the front of the pack at any point it desired as they raced in two-car pods for each lap of the 160-lap race. There was no secret that teammates Joey Logano and Kyle Busch would partner for tonight's race especially following last night's Nationwide Series performance that resulted in a Logano victory. Meanwhile, Denny Hamlin entered the weekend with the strategy to partner with the No. 39 car of Ryan Newman from Stewart-Haas Racing after the pair showed success together in February's Daytona 500.
Joey Logano won his first race at the Daytona International Speedway Saturday night in his No. 20 SportClip Toyota! He had to fight his way from the rear of the field three times en route to his big win. After his qualifying run earlier in the day, his team has to change a clutch, forcing him to start at the rear of the field. Early in the race Logano spun into turn three off the bumper of the No. 11 car after slowing to avoid a competition who was off the pace. Then, about halfway through the event, Logano pitted for a loose wheel, sealing his third trip to the rear of the field.
Read more


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Philippines seeks speedy UN ruling on sea dispute with China
Published on Jun 19, 2014 11:51 AM
MANILA (AFP) - The Philippines said on Thursday it would ask a UN tribunal to expedite its appeal to declare China's expansive claims to the South China Sea invalid, as tensions over the contested waters worsen.
A formal request will be filed seeking a resolution on the case within the year or early 2015, foreign department spokesman Charles Jose said.
"We are consulting our legal team to present a request to the tribunal if it can hasten its process earlier, rather than later," Mr Jose told AFP. He declined to say when the request would be formally transmitted.
Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario separately said a speedier ruling was necessary "because the situation is getting worse by the day in the South China Sea".
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Situated opposite the conference centre and close to the town centre, this elegant Victorian house features attractive well-equipped bedrooms. There is a beautifully presented guest lounge and smart d...More about Shelbourne House
Close to the waterfront, this stylish property offers striking bedrooms with CD players and air conditioning. The popular bar and brasserie feature vaulted ceilings, intimate lighting and offer a choi...More about Malmaison Leeds
The Ascot Grange Hotel is just two miles north of Leeds city centre, close to Horsforth, Cookridge, Roundhay and Meanwood, and convenient for the Cricket Ground, and Leeds Metropolitan University. All...More about Ascot Grange Hotel
This elegant Georgian guest accommodation is only a short walk from the river, castle and market square; the property is entered by an archway into the courtyard. Attractive, very well-equipped bedroo...More about Newton House
High quality, budget accommodation ideal for both families and business travellers. Spacious, en suite bedrooms feature tea and coffee making facilities, and Freeview TV in most hotels. Internet acces...More about Premier Inn Leeds City Centre
This spacious Victorian property is located at the top of the valley gardens and is just a short walk from the town centre. The interior has been fully refurbished in a contemporary style. There is a ...More about The Cavendish
Popular for conferences and functions, this grand Victorian hotel is set in 12 acres of landscaped grounds that is within walking distance of the town centre. It benefits from spacious public areas, a...More about The Majestic Hotel
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This friendly, well-established hotel, close to the town centre and Valley Gardens, is well known for its Orchid Restaurant, which provides a dynamic and authentic approach to Pacific Rim and Asian cu...More about Studley Hotel
A modern hotel ideal for families and business travellers. Fresh and uncomplicated, the spacious rooms include Sky TV, power shower and tea and coffee-making facilities. Continental buffet breakfast...More about Holiday Inn Express Leeds - East


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Tourism Center Kathmandu, Nepal - Recognizing the needs of our young travelers, we have worked closely with The Last Resort, the operator of bungy operations in Nepal, to bring you this website so that you have all the necessary information about bungy.
Tourism Center Kathmandu, Nepal - Adventure Glacier Treks & Expedition offers and operate trekking, tours, hiking, expedition and many more activities in Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and India.
Tourism Center Kathmandu, Nepal - Make your dream to have a world's highest peak Mt. Everest 8848m and the world's highest lake Tilicho Lake at an altitude of 5000m from the sea level. Trekking and adventure in Nepal is one of the most famous Destination in the world.
Tourism Center Nepal


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Syracuse's top target left on the board looks to have cut the Orange out before…
Fizz Flashback: Unranked Syracuse beats No. 6 UNC 87-71 at MSG - 11 hours ago
Tight End Commit Trey Dunkelberger Talks With The Fizz Moments Before Signing LOI - 2 days ago
Up For Grabs: Who Will Get the Orange's Last Starting Spot? - 2 days ago
Syracuse's Dajuan Coleman Closing in on Return, But is it Worth the Risk? - 2 days ago
"Boeheim Presser" Fizz Five: The Per'Fesser Reveals His True Feelings for His Orange - December 16, 2014


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Just Married Thank You Cards
Wedding Thank You Cards
Just Married Thank You Cards, Item# TYWI0810
Note: Sparkles are simulated and will not light up.
Just Married Thank You Cards, Item# TYWI0810
Note: Sparkles are simulated and will not light up.
Just Married Envelope Seals
Just Married Return Address Labels
Just Married Postage Stamps
This fold over note card, "Just Married" features glowing African-American newlyweds who are all dressed up. The bride is sitting in the love wagon admiring her wedding bouquet. The groom is curiously leaning over, with hat in hand. Simply adorable!
A custom message can be printed with flat printing inside the fold-over card (for an additional $0.50), to acknowledge that special gift.
You will be able to select the typestyle and ink colors to use for your personalized text during the design process. Start by clicking on the green CUSTOMIZE WORDING button. We recommend using the default typestyle and ink colors.
|Estimated Postage Required:
|$0.49 stamp - if other items are not added into the Envelope. Click here for additional postage information.
|Item Type:
|Foldover Notecard
|Card Dimensions:
|4 1/8" x 5 1/2" (W x H)
|Printing Process:
|Digital Press
|Paper Weight:
|Multiple Stock Options
|Typestyle Shown:
|Shelley Volante
|Matching Ink Color:
|White Envelopes included. Printed return address and/or Calligraphy is available for an additional cost.