text:
A synchronous integrated circuit such as a scalar processor or superscalar processor. Circuit components or units are clocked by and synchronized to a common system clock. At least two of the clocked units include multiple register stages, e.g., pipeline stages. A local clock generator in each clocked unit combines the common system clock and stall status from one or more other units to adjust register clock frequency up or down.
1. A synchronous integrated circuit comprising:
a common system clock; and
a plurality of clocked units synchronized to said common system clock, at least two of said clocked units each comprising:
a plurality of register stages, and
a local clock generator, comprising a gating control shift register (GCSR) including a plurality of single bit counters, said local clock generator receiving said common system clock and stall status and adjusting clocking frequency of said plurality of registers responsive to said stall status.
2. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
3. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
4. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
5. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
a data cache communicating with said E-umit;
a register file communicating with said I-unit and said E-unit;
said I-unit comprising an I-cache, an I-queue receiving data from said I-cache and an I-pipe receiving data from said I-queue; and
said E-unit comprising an E-queue receiving data from said I-pipe and an E-pipe receiving data from said E-queue.
6. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
7. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
8. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
9. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
10. An integrated circuit as in
11. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
a fixed point unit receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with a general purpose register/rename buffer unit;
a load store unit receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with said general purpose register/rename buffer unit and a data cache;
a floating point unit receiving instructions from said I-unit and conununicating with a floating point register/rename buffer unit, said load store unit further communicating with said floating point register/rename buffer unit, said load store unit providing stall status to said floating point unit and said floating point unit providing stall status to said load store unit; and
a vector multi-media extension unit receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with a completion unit in said I-unit.
12. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
an I-cache;
an instruction fetch unit/branch unit (IFU/BRU) receiving instructions from said I-cache; and
a dispatch unit receiving instructions from said IFU/BRU and providing received said instructions to said E-unit.
13. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
14. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
15. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
16. A synchronous integrated circuit as in
17. A scalar processor comprising:
a common system clock;
an 1-unit clocked by said system clock; and
an E-unit clocked by said system clock and in communication with said I-unit;
each of said I-unit and said E-unit comprising:
a plurality of register stages, and
a local clock generator comprising:
a gating control shift register (GCSR) including a plurality of single bit counters, and
a plurality of local clock drivers each receiving an output from one of said plurality of single bit counters and combining said output with said common system clock to generate a register stage clock, said local clock generator receiving stall status and adjusting clocking frequency of said register stage clock to each of said plurality of registers responsive to said stall status, said I-unit providing stall status to said E-unit and said E-unit providing stall status to said I-unit.
18. A scalar processor as in
19. A scalar processor as in
a data cache communicating with said E-unit;
a register file communicating with said I-unit and said E-unit; and
said I-unit comprising an I-cache, an I-queue receiving data from said I-cache and an I-pipe receiving data from said I-queue; and
said E-unit comprising an E-queue receiving data from said I-pipe and an E-pipe receiving data from said E-queue.
20. A scalar processor as in
21. A scalar processor as in
22. A scalar processor as in
23. A scalar processor as in
24. A superscalar processor comprising:
a common system clock;
an I-unit clocked by said system clock, said I-unit comprising:
an 1-cache,
an instruction fetch unit/brancb unit (IFU/BRU) receiving instructions from said I-cache, and
a dispatch unit receiving instructions from said IFU/BRU and forwarding received said instructions for execution;
an E-unit clocked by said system clock, said E-unit comprising:
a fixed point unit receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with a general purpose register/rename buffer unit,
a load store unit (LSU) receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with said general purpose register/rename buffer unit and a data cache,
a floating point unit (FPU) receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with a floating point register/rename buffer unit, said load store unit further communicating with said floating point register/rename buffer unit, said load store unit providing stall status to said floating point unit and said floating point unit providing stall status to said load store unit, and
a. vector multi-media extension unit receiving instructions from said I-unit and communicating with a completion unit in said I-unit; and
a local clock generator in each of said LSU and said FPU receiving said common system clock and stall status and adjusting clocking frequency of unit registers responsive to said stall status.
25. A superscalar processor as in
26. A superscalar processor as in
27. A method controlling local frequency of local clocks to integrated circuit chip components, said method comprising:
monitoring chip component activity level; and
adjusting the local frequency clock of a first component responsive to an indication that an activity level in a second component is beyond a threshold level, wherein a local clock generator configured to generate the local frequency clock comprises a gating control shift register including a plurality of single bit counters.
28. A method as in
29. A method as in
30. A method as in
31. A method as in
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to the reduction and control of power consumption in a microprocessor or system comprised of a plurality of clocked components or units.
2. Description of the Related Art
Semiconductor technology and chip manufacturing advances have resulted in a steady increase of on-chip clock frequencies, the number of transistors on a single chip and the die size itself and a corresponding increase in chip supply voltage. Generally, the power consumed by a given clocked unit increases linearly with the frequency of switching within it Thus, not withstanding the decrease of chip supply voltage, chip power consumption has increased as well. Both at the chip and system levels cooling and packaging costs have escalated as a natural result of this increase in chip power. At the low end for systems (e.g., handhelds, portable and mobile systems), where battery life is crucial, net energy reduction is important, without degrading performance to unacceptable levels. Thus, the increase in microprocessor power dissipation has become a major stumbling block for future performance gains.
A scalar processor fetches and issues/executes one instruction at a time. Each such instruction operates on scalar data operands. Each such operand is a single or atomic data value or number. Pipelining within a scalar processor introduces what is known as concurrency, i.e., processing multiple instructions in a given clock cycle, while preserving the single-issue paradigm.
A superscalar processor can fetch, issue and execute multiple instructions in a given machine cycle. In addition, each instruction fetch, issue and execute path is usually pipelined to enable further concurrency. Examples of super scalar processors include the Power/PowerPC processors from IBM Corporation. The Pentium Pro (P6) processor family from Intel Corporation, the Ultrasparc processors from Sun Microsystems and the PA-RISC processors from Hewlett Packard Company (HP), and the Alpha processor family from the erstwhile Compaq Corporation (now merged with HP).
A vector processor typically is pipelined and can perform one operation on an entire array of numbers in a single architectural step or instruction. For example, a single instruction can add each entry of array A to the corresponding entry of array B and store the result in the corresponding entry of array C. Vector instructions are usually supported as an extension of a base scalar instruction set. Only those code sections that can be vectorized within a larger application are executed on the vector engine. The vector engine can be a single, pipelined execution unit; or, it can be organized as an array or single instruction multiple data (SIMD) machine, with multiple, identical execution units concurrently executing the same instruction on different data. For example, typically, Cray supercomputers are vector processors.
A synchronously clocked processor or system has a single, global master clock driving all the units or components comprising the system. Occasionally, ratioed derivatives of the clock may cycle a particular sub-unit faster or slower than the main or master clock frequency. Normally by design, such clocking decisions are predetermined and preset statically. For example, the Intel Pentium 4 processor clocks its integer pipe twice as fast as the chip master clock, ostensibly using what is known in the art as double-pumping or wave-pipelining. Such clock doubling techniques boost processor execution rates and performance. However, bus and off-chip memory speeds have not kept pace with processor computing logic core. So, most state of the art processors have off-chip buses and caches that operate at frequencies that are integral sub-multiples of the main processor clock frequency. Usually, these clock operating frequencies are fixed during system design. This is the reason current generation processor complexes may have multiple clocking rates. Occasionally, double pumping and wave-pipelining are used in higher end machines to alleviate any performance mismatch between the processor and external buses or memories.
Rabaey, Jan M. and Pedram, Massoud, ed., Low Power Design Methodologies, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996) describes power reduction using synchronous clock-gating wherein the clock may be disabled at a point of regeneration, i.e., within a local clock buffer (LCB) feeding a particular chip region, component or latch. At a coarser level of control, clocks are gated along functional boundaries. At a finer level of control, clocks are gated at individual latches. For example, Gerosa et al. "A 2.2 W, 80 MHz, superscalar RISC microprocessor," IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 12, Dec. 1994, pp. 1440–1454, teaches gating clocks to different execution units based on instructions dispatched and executed in each cycle.
Coarse-grain unit-level clock-gating is beneficial in cases when the processor is executing a sequence of a certain functional class of instructions, e.g., integer-only or floating-point-only instructions. When the input workload is such that the processor sees integer code only, the clock regenerator(s) to the floating point unit may be disabled. Similarly, during the floating-point-only operation, clocks to the integer unit can be disabled. This can save a considerable amount of chip power. Coarse idle control is normally effected locally with software through serial instructions or using hardware to detect idle periods. Fine idle control, normally, is effected also locally during instruction decode by avoiding unnecessarily propagating invalid or inconsequential data. A causal flow of gating-control information from its initial point of origin to downstream stages or units referred to as feed-forward flow. Such a flow path may include loops, with apparent backward flow, but the cause-to-effect information flow is still deemed to be a feed-forward process. Thus, both coarse and fine idle control are self triggered, feed forward.
Using downstream pipeline stall signals to regulate feed-forward flow, on the other hand, constitutes a feedback control system. Here, control information flow is from downstream "effect" to upstream "cause." Coarse and fine grain stall control are used primarily to prevent over-writing of valid, stalled data in the pipelined processor; but such mechanisms can also be used to conserve power consumption. For example, Jacobson et al. "Synchronous interlocked pipelines," IEEE ASYNC-2002 conference, April 2002, propose a fine-grain stall propagation mechanism for reducing power in synchronous pipelines; this complements the more conventional, fine-grain feed-forward mechanism of clock-gating using "valid" bits, as in Gerosa et al. referred to earlier; see also, Gowan et al., "Power considerations in the design of the Alpha 21264 microprocessor," Proc. 1998 ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 726–731 (June 1998). Published fine-grain stall gating (feedback) mechanisms, however, as in Jacobson et al. are not used to control information flow rates (via clock or bus bandwidth throttling) as in our invention.
There are at least two problems arising from coarse idle control that must be addressed. First, large transient current drops and gains can cause unacceptable levels of inductive (Ldi/dt) noise in on-chip supply voltage. Second, overhead cycles are required for gating off and on processes to maintain correct functional operation. Switch between gated and enabled modes too frequently for finer grain phase changes in the workload, results in an unacceptable performance hit.
Further, state of the art fine idle control relies on locally generated gating signals or conditions for pipeline stage-level clock-gating, e.g., based on a data-invalid or inconsequential-operand condition. These state of the art approaches do not generate the gating signal on a predictive or anticipatory basis. So, the timing requirements are often critical because the gating signal must be available in advance of assertion and asserted for a suitable duration for error-free clock-gating operation. Gowan, M. K., Biro, L. L. and Jackson, D. B., "Power considerations in the design of the Alpha 21264 microprocessor," Proc. 1998 ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 726–731, (June 1998) discuss how these constraints can significantly complicate design timing analysis, even resulting in a degraded clock-frequency performance.
Whether the basic control mechanism is feed-forward (cause-to-effect flow) or based on feedback (effect-to-cause flow), state of the art clock-gating techniques, whether coarse or fine, also are, spatial control only. This is because, utilization information is used to eliminate redundant clocking in the affected region(s) without regard to temporal activity or history in the region(s) or elsewhere in the machine. Activity states and events in downstream (consumer) units and stages (e.g. execution pipes or issue queues) are not fed back to adjust upstream (producer) clocking or information flow rates in non-adjacent regions (e.g., instruction fetch or dispatch units). Similarly, activity states and events in upstream producer regions are not fed forward to adjust the downstream consumer clocking or information flow rates. Also, gating off clock signals, typically is all or nothing, where the clock signal is either enabled or not.
Thus, there exists a need for improved clock control for connected pipelined units that can operate at a fine-grain spatial and temporal granularity, without incurring a performance (overhead) penalty and without large current/voltage swings to the underlying circuits.
It is a purpose of the present invention to reduce processor power consumption, without appreciable performance loss.
The present invention is a synchronous integrated circuit such as a scalar processor or superscalar processor. Circuit components or units are clocked by and synchronized to a common system clock. At least two of the clocked units include multiple register stages, e.g., pipeline stages. A local clock generator in each clocked unit combines the common system clock and stall status from one or more other units to adjust register clock frequency up or down.
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
Turning now to the drawings and, more particularly,
On-chip storage accessed by one or both units 102, 104 include register file (REGFILE) 106, instruction cache (ICACHE) 108 and data cache (DCACHE) 110. The REGFILE 106 generally is a shared resource that may be accessed from both units 102, 104 and as such, is treated as a separate entity. The ICACHE 108 is the first, terminating stage of the I-UNIT pipe and, as such, is considered part of the I-UNIT 102. The DCACHE 110 is accessible, normally, from the E-UNIT 104 alone, and so, is treated as part of the E-UNIT 104. Two separate local clock buffers (LCBs) 112, 114 each amplify and distribute a common, synchronous clock 115 to a corresponding one of units 102, 104. Each unit 102, 104 includes an input Queue 116I, 116E and a PIPE 118I, 118E. Optionally, within the I-UNIT 102 and E-UNIT 104, there may be a further hierarchy of LCB's 112, 114 for finer grain distribution, amplification and control of the common system clock.
For this example, instructions of a computer program are contained within the ICACHE 108, the first stage of the I-UNIT pipe. Typically, under various conditions that may cause an ICACHE miss, the ICACHE 108 can stall for a variable number of processor cycles. This stall implicitly accommodates for the effects of the miss on preceding instruction transfer stages, i.e., at the lower levels of the instruction memory hierarchy.
The synchronous clock drives each unit continuously through LCBs 112, 114, irrespective of stalls in the pipeline. Switching capacitance modulation and pattern bit variations cause power consumption to vary, albeit within a very small range. As a result, roughly the same amount of energy (represented here in normalized energy units) is spent over each clock period, from the beginning to the end of the program execution. Thus, considerable energy may be saved by application of power saving techniques and especially a power saving method according to the present invention.
Coarse idle control can be synthesized during code generation by the compiler inserting special instructions, included in the instruction set architecture; alternately, these instructions can be issued dynamically by the operating system, e.g., when servicing a special interrupt or at certain context-switch times. At the coarsest control level, a special sleep-type instruction or command can be issued; this special sleep command can generate a disable signal that stops the clock to a selected portion of the chip for a period of time. This same special sleep command can be used to disable the instruction fetch process. Likewise an implicit wakeup begins when the disable signal is negated or after the sleep period; or, the wakeup can be accomplished with an explicit, asynchronous interrupt. As is well known in the art, various power-down modes can be provided (e.g. nap, doze or sleep) with the clock distribution tree selectively disabled at various levels of the LCB hierarchy. At the next finer level of granularity, the compiler can insert special instructions to start gating off the clock(s) to a given unit, e.g. the floating point unit, whenever the compiler can statically predict the computation phases.
A self-detect mechanism may be included, allowing a unit to disable its own clock for a period of time whenever it finds itself to be idle. In hardware the logic can be designed to detect localized idle periods in the processor. Detection can then trigger clock-disabling for some or all of the idling region(s). A wake-up is similarly self-initiated, based on new work received by the disabled or sleeping unit.
For finer idle control, dynamically defined signals gate local clocks cycle-by-cycle. For example, a superscalar machine, the processor determines during instruction decode which functional unit pipes could be clock-gated during the subsequent execute cycles. This works well in a processor with "in-order" issue mechanisms, so that the gating decision can be made unambiguously and sufficiently ahead of time, i.e. at decode or dispatch time. If the instruction class information is preserved in a centralized issue queue on an entry-by-entry basis, then such gating signals can also be generated at issue time even for an out-of-order issue queue.
In any pipelined data path, redundant clocking can be detected dynamically and selectively prevented, e.g., propagating a Data Valid flag or bit along the logic pipeline; this Data Valid flag is set only when the data generated on a cycle is valid. Then, the Data Valid flag for each logic stage can be used as a clock enable for setting the stage's output latches. Thus, invalid data is not unnecessarily clocked through the succeeding pipeline stages in what may be referred to as fine-grain, valid-bit based, pipeline stage-level clock gating.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,247,1342 B1 to Sproch et al., entitled "Method and System for Pipe Stage Gating Within an Operating Pipelined Circuit for Power Savings" Jun. 12, 2001 teaches a processor with logic to identify as inconsequential any newly received operand that would not change in the pipeline in a prior cycle's computation by the first stage of logic. Detection of such an invariance condition signal as inconsequential can be used to disable the clock to the first stage and, then, successively to following stages.
Ohnishi, M., Yamada, A., Noda, H. and Kambe, T. "A Method of Redundant Clocking Detection and Power Reduction at the Rt Level Design," Proc. Int'l. Symp. On Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), 1997, pp. 131–136, discuss other, more elaborate idle detection mechanism to prevent various kinds of redundant latch clocking.
Whether coarse or fine, these state of the art idle control mechanisms are self-triggered, spatial or feed-forward as described hereinabove; i.e., the gating condition or signal is generated locally, based on detection of the unit's idling or invalid status and avoiding unnecessary cycle-by-cycle clock and data propagation in the presence of such invalid or idle status bits. A unit can be an entire region or functional unit; or, it can be a pipeline stage latch-set.
By contrast, in a first embodiment a scalar, pipelined processor with demand driven clock throttling, an instruction unit (I-unit) adjustably operating with an execution unit (E-unit) establish a producer-consumer relationship between the two units. The producer I-unit forwards ready and data-enabled instructions to the execution unit for processing therein at a rate no faster than the execution unit can accept. Each unit maintains an activity status register with at least 1 bit of information. In this embodiment, the I-E unit pair is clocked by a common, synchronous clock. However, the clock for each unit is modified and controlled locally, based on the local unit activity information passed between units. The local clock control for each unit may be a function of activity status information from both the local unit and the remote unit, i.e., both units.
So, for example, each unit's clock may be phased off, one pipeline stage at a time. Similarly, when the gating condition ends, the unit's clock is phased back on, one pipeline stage at a time. The control logic allows a timely phase-out or phase-in of each unit's clock without losing valid information and without adding interface logic, buffering or an energy-wasteful pipeline hold and recirculation. Alternately, the unit's clock frequency may be slowed or stepped down to conserve power. Also, the clock may be slowed to a stop subsequently if/as needed.
In this example, when the E-unit activity monitoring and clock control logic (124 and 128 of
Similarly, when the stall bit 130 returns to 0, i.e., upon detecting that E-unit activity has returned below a pre-determined level, the reverse ramp-up or throttle up operation occurs. The low on the stall bit 130 resumes shifting 1's into GCSR 150 simultaneously with shifting valid input data into the I-PIPE 118I. So, over successive subsequent system clock cycles, the I-CLK 158 is enabled to the I-PIPE 118I, stage-by-stage, so that the I-PIPE 118I resumes normal operation, passing data to the E-unit 124 at full throttle. Gating the I-CLK 158 off/on stage-by-stage prevents large current swings, thereby minimizing the Ldi/dt noise effects on the supply voltage.
In this embodiment, the clock frequency of the I-unit can be throttled down (up) in response to slow select 172. The E-unit alerts the I-unit of slowing (increasing) demand in the E-unit by asserting (de-asserting) the slow select 172. In addition, the above described feature of suspending the I-CLK 158 completely, for one or more cycles may be retained; as described above with reference to
Under normal operating conditions, slow select 172 is low ('0'), causing the 1-bit control counter to output a continuous high shifts into the GCSR 178. So, normally the GCSR 178 contains all 1's and the system clock 115 passes unmodified to the I-PIPE stages 152. The AND gate 176 prevents the 1-bit control counter 174 from toggling when slow select 172 is asserted to signal a demand slow-down in the E-unit, e.g., due to stalls. The 1-bit control counter 174 is released when the slow select 174 to its inverted set input rises and, AND gate 176 passes system clock 115. The 1 bit control counter 174 begins to toggle passing an alternating sequence of 0's and 1's to GCSR 178. Once this alternating pattern propagates through GCSR 178, the I-CLK control to AND gates 182 is enabled and disabled on alternate clock cycles. Effectively, this halves the main system clock frequency, which is provided as the I-CLK 158.
Normally, the IFU in IFU/BRU 206 fetches instructions from ICACHE 204 every cycle. The fetch bandwidth (fetch_bw), which in prior art processors is fixed as the maximum number of instructions fetched per cycle, can be adjusted on the fly by monitoring and control logic 216. The IFU places fetched instructions in the fetch queue (FETCH_Q) in IFU/BRU 206, subject to available free space. The instruction fetch address register (IFAR) in the IFU guides the instruction fetch and provides a next fetch address at the beginning of every cycle. The IFU sets each next fetch address for each cycle to one of: (a) the next sequential address which is the previous cycle's IFAR value, incremented sufficiently to account for the number of instructions that were fetched into the FETCH_Q in the previous cycle; (b) a branch instruction target resolved or predicted to be taken in the previous cycle; or (c) the correctly resolved fetch address of a branch instruction, after it has been determined that it was previously mispredicted. The branch and instruction fetch address prediction hardware 206 includes the branch history table (BHT) and the branch target address cache (BTAC) and guides the instruction fetch process. A fixed number of instructions are normally fetched (or dispatched) in each active fetch (or dispatch) cycle, as determined by the corresponding, fixed bandwidth parameter (fetch_bw or disp_bw). However, when the E-unit 220 indicates a slow down/suspend is necessary, the preferred embodiment processor (200 in this example) dynamically adjusts the values of each offetch_bw and/or disp_bw in addition to the above described clock-throttling.
The slow-down/suspend (or its converse speed-up/continue) signal from the E-UNIT is synthesized as a combinatorial function of status signals generated and monitored within the E-UNIT. Such status signals may include: (a) an indication of the fullness or emptiness of the issue queues FXQ 229, LSQ 232, FPQ 240 and VXQ 246; (b) a DCACHE 238 hit or miss event; (c) E-UNIT internal shared bus traffic congestion or lack thereof (e.g., a single bus may be shared (and arbitrated) to carry finish information to the completion unit 240); or, (d) an execute pipe flush or re-issue condition has been generated due to branch mispredicts or other forms of mis-speculations. Processor Branch instructions may be executed in the FXU pipes in this example. Alternately, however, a separate, concurrent BRU pipe may be present to execute branch instructions.
Asserting the slow-down/suspend signal from the E-UNIT throttles the I-UNIT pipeline flow rate by one or both of I-CLK throttling and/or constricting relevant I-UNIT bus bandwidths without adjusting the clock, e.g., on a given access fetch_bw can be effectively halved, by disabling half of the lines that receive fetched data from the ICACHE. Thus, to save power in throttled bandwidth mode, half the normal number of entries are in the instruction buffer (within IFU 206). In general, the fetch bandwidth may be throttled to any fraction of the normal mode, including all the way to zero, depending upon the indicated severity of the downstream E-UNIT slow-down/suspend. Similarly, the dispatch bus bandwidth (disp_bw) can be throttled to save power, to dispatch fewer instructions to the consuming E-UNIT execute pipes as needed or indicated.
E-unit 220 includes a fixed point execution unit (FXU) 222, a load store unit (LSU) 224, a floating point execution unit (FPU) 226 and a vector multimedia extension unit (VMXU) 228. The FXU 222 includes a fixed point queue 229 and a fixed point unit execution unit pipe 230. The LSU 224 includes a load store queue 232 and a load store unit pipe 234. Both the FXU 222 and the LSU 224 communicate with general purpose registers 236. The LSU 224 provides communication with data cache 238. The FPU 226 includes a fixed point queue 240 and fixed point unit pipe 242, as well as fixed point registers and rename buffers 244. The LSU 224 also communicates with the fixed point rename buffers 244. The VMXU 228 includes a vector extension queue 246 and a vector multimedia extension unit pipe 248.
Each of units 229, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 246, 248 operate substantially identical to corresponding well known such units, but clocked according to the present invention as described hereinbelow. As with any typical state of the art superscalar processor, activity in the FXU 222 and FPU 226 may quite often may be mutually exclusive during a given workload execution phase. This preferred embodiment processor 200 can disable or slow down the FXU 222 local clock when the FPU 226 is active and vice versa. Additionally, this preferred embodiment processor 200 allows the LSU 224 and FPU 226 to suspend/slow clocking speeds in each other. These intra-unit, finer-grain demand-driven clock-throttling modes are in addition to the inter-unit coarser grain modes already described.
Unlike the preferred scalar processor example hereinabove, these two units 224, 226 in the E-unit 220 do not have a direct dataflow path producer-consumer relationship, i.e., a direct flow of information does not exist between the LSU 224 and the FPU 226. Communication between these two units 224, 226 occurs indirectly via the data cache/memory and the floating point register file 244. Typically, a FPU pipeline 242 has several stages (e.g., 6–8 in modern gigahertz range processors) while a typical LSU execution pipe 234 is 2–4 stages. For this reason and since current processors have a large number of register rename buffers, the LSU pipe 234 tends to run substantially ahead of the FPU pipe 242 during a DCACHE 238 hit phase. On the other hand, during a clustered DCACHE 238 miss phase, the effective LSU path latency can increase dramatically. If a series of quick misses stalls the DCACHE 238, the LSU issue queue 232 fills up, which may in turn stall upstream producers. This is exploited by the present invention using activity-driven fine-grain temporal clock-gating of upstream resources or local clock throttling of the FPU 226.
As an example, initially with both the LSU activity status monitor logic output stall bit 256 and the output 258 of FPU activity status monitor stall 260 are de-asserted, causing normal full-throttle operation in both LSU 224 and FPU 226. If the FPU activity status monitor stall bit 258 is asserted while the LSU activity status stall bit 256 remains unasserted, e.g., due to high utilization within the FPQ. The LSU local clock is throttled down to allow the FPU 226 to catch up with the LSU 224, which is ahead of the FPU 226, due to a cache hit phase. Conversely, when the LSU activity status stall bit 256 is asserted, while the FPU activity status stall bit 258 remains unasserted, the FPU local clock is throttled down. If both LSU and FPU stall bits are asserted/deasserted together, both LSU and FPU local clocks get throttled down or sped up to the same frequency, depending on other status conditions elsewhere in the E-UNIT 220 or I-UNIT 202.
Advantageously, the present invention selectively slows down, speeds up or gates off a unit or a component within a unit, in response to activity/inactivity in other processor or system units, i.e., the present invention has variable clock control granularity. Each unit's local clock control is derived from activity and information that flows both forward and backward in relation to data flow direction. Instead of all-or-nothing prior art clock-gating, the preferred embodiment adaptive clocking can use both feed-forward and feedback control to provide a more flexible generalized clock-throttling mechanism with optional bandwidth throttling.
Thus, pending information, that might be lost in gating off a prior art pipeline unit, is maintained current with proper sizing in unit queues. The units are dynamically controlled by information pertaining to activities within the various units. The clock rate in a given component is adjusted downward or even reduced to zero in a phased manner, in response to activity level(s) in other units that indicate a reduction of demand. When monitored activity levels indicate unit demand has returned to normal, the clock rate in the particular component is restored to its original normal level, again in a phased manner. During periods when the local clock rate is adjusted downwards in one or more components, net system power consumption is reduced proportionately. Each component's clock rate is adjusted in a timely and anticipatory manner, such that hardware control effecting the rate changes does not result in any appreciable performance loss, e.g., from overhead stalls or recomputing discarded instructions. The performance penalty incurred from such a loss in a prior art processor is reduced almost to zero.
The phased manner of clock speed throttling to adjust frequency down or up, ensures superior (i.e., more benign) current swing (di/dt) characteristics, compared with conventional clock-gating methods. So, inductive noise is minimized by the phased reduction or increase of clocking rates. As a result, a preferred embodiment system consumes significantly less power, without appreciable performance loss. Average power is reduced without appreciable (architectural) performance loss (e.g., instructions per cycle or IPC) and without requiring significant additional hardware. Where strict adherence to maximum power dissipation and temperature limits is required, the present invention successfully controls power consumption while limiting performance loss to a small, pre-determined time window to maintain normal operating conditions and for a quick return to normal.
Dynamic activity levels of individual system components are monitored with the clock rate to other components within the framework of a single, synchronous clock that is propagated throughout the chip or system. Further, unlike synchronous systems or processors with locally-clocked, asynchronous (or self-timed) units or, multi-clock synchronous systems with multiple, synchronous clock domains under globally asynchronous control, the present invention does not require "handshaking" protocol between separately clocked components to maintain synchronization. Additionally, the present invention dynamically adjusts clocking rates in various components minimize inductive noise problems that are normally associated with conventional coarse-grain clock-gating methods.
While the invention has been described in terms of several (example) preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Let's back up a little bit to the hot springs and hot archeologists. Neffr and I are recovering from our 4.9 mile ride and this suv drives up with these two gals who are with a group staying in McDermitt. They are cataloging the ancient sites that have been exposed by the fire.
Killurtv is a bit awestruck.
You can see where this is heading.
More carnage
The next morning there is some reluctance to face the world.
In the end we choose to soldier on. Into the burn we go.
Then into the snow:
LittlePosum is killin' it
MrDualSport and LittlePosum christmas card
Wachs searching for a way out
Neffr "I think it is this way. I'll check it out"
No Exit. Free Balling the descent
Back the way we came. One more water crossing. Neffr is not getting wet this time.
That's the back story as far as I can tell. What a great time. Thanks to Kent for hauling my ass and gear all the way to Willow and having to listen to me the whole fucking time. Wachs and Ryan for being badass role models and to Justin and Stacey for letting us be a part of their B'day Adventure.
The Professor
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2002 Dodge Dakota SXT 3.9 Litre V6 from North America
Best looking and best value truck on the market by far!
Before I got the truck, the dealer said they just replaced the master cylinder for the brakes.
I had to replace the driver door locking mechanism.
Stereo stopped tuning correctly, but that did not matter because I put an after market stereo in.
General Comments:
Other than the above, the truck has not given me any problems or reasons to be upset with its reliability or performance.
The V6 engine provides this truck with adequate power for passing and towing small to medium trailers. I would recommend if buying new, to get the automatic transmission if you plan on towing.
The interior is well designed with very few obstructions for fitting 3 people in the cab. The manual shifter is about the only thing to get in the way. The seats are a little uncomfortable for long trips.
This truck inside and out is exceptional. This truck is the most stylish truck on the market in my opinion. I will buy another Dakota as long as they are out there!
Would you buy another car from this manufacturer? Yes
Review Date: 7th December, 2005


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Posted in: Heart Internet
Early this year we were one of the sponsors of a fantastic new web design conference, "New Adventures in web design", which took place in Nottingham. We recently got in touch with the founder Simon Collison to take a look back at the event.
Do you feel you achieved all the goals you set yourself when you decided you were going to go ahead with your idea?
I think so. I've barely had any time to evaluate the event as I've been catching up with other projects ever since. It seemed like hundreds of people wrote positively about the event either on blogs or Twitter, and they all loved the special newspaper we printed. Above all, I actually think we made a difference, with the subject matter at the core being genuinely important and inspiring. I've noticed the themes cropping up in other events ever since, which says a lot about our reach. I love that so many have expanded upon these themes or sought to find solutions to the questions we posed. In some way I think we did something special, and that's down to everyone who helped make the event possible.
Were there any moments of blind panic on the day or did it all go pretty smoothly?
The first glitch happened very early on. As registration began at 8am, we were surprised how relaxed and manageable it was. As it turned out, most attendees decided to turn up after 8.40am, and we suddenly had a queue around the block, requiring us to think fast and get creative to process people as quickly as possible. I ended up deciding to start the event half-an-hour late to ensure nobody missed a single thing. Next time, we'll devise a way of registering attendees at the warm-up events.
Aside from that, everything went pretty smoothly. At one point between speakers we lost all power on the stage, but I don't think anyone noticed.
Were there any highlights that stood out for you?
I was delighted by the talks, by the feedback, and by the positive vibe of the whole thing really. Above all, the whole process was bolstered by incredible generosity. Whether from sponsors such as Heart Internet, suppliers, the venue, volunteers, even attendees who hacked together tweet aggregators or launched sites about where to eat in the city, I couldn't believe how people pulled together from the outset, dedicated to making this thing a success. Without that level of generosity, and the desire to make the event extra special, it wouldn't have made such an impact, that's for sure.
A lot of the attendees wrote very positive reviews on their blogs, this must be a great source of motivation to run it again in 2012?
Yes, the response was incredible. I was thrilled by the positive reviews and messages. It seems the event inspired a lot of people to think carefully and differently about their approaches to web design. Many were I think surprised at the high level of subject matter and assumed knowledge that created a sense that attendees were on a level with speakers, and that we are all exploring this stuff together. On the day we discussed web design without having a single line of code on the screen at any time, which is pretty special.
I'd love to run the event again every year. I already have speakers in mind for 2012 and ways of improving the event, but I haven't decided for sure yet. The major obstacle is processing money for the tickets, and the problems PayPal create for me. It's their policy to retain a major chunk of funds until after the event, and there's no way around this, which causes serious cashflow issues for me. In order to pay the remaining significant overheads I had to borrow over £25,000 from an unnamed source, and I only received that remaining amount from PayPal in March. Myself and other organisers talk about this regularly, assessing alternatives and considering creating our own payment method, but for now PayPal has us all by the short and curlies.
If you do run it again in 2012, what lessons will you carry over from this year?
Aside from improving the registration process, and hopefully not suffering from the limitations of Paypal, I'd like to change a few things for the next event. I'll probably charge a little more for the tickets, but not a huge increase. The budget was tight, despite us selling all the tickets three months early.
I'd like to provide some really exciting workshops. I'd like to add more related events for the conference week, and I'd like to make the whole experience even more magical for those who put their faith in New Adventures.
Also, in the first year of an event, there is a significant financial risk, so it's vital to get some big name speakers. I had ten very well known male and female speakers, but now the first event is under my belt I'd like to take a few risks and invite lesser names to speak and share their ideas, giving new folks a chance to take the stage and inspire the attendees. I think it's important to put together a more diverse set of speakers; not just in subject matter, but in terms of ethnic background and gender, or at least find a way of having established speakers mentor up and coming presenters of tomorrow. This is something regularly discussed in our industry, and an all-white, all-male list of speakers is not a true reflection of the people making waves in web design.
It was nice to see an event like this outside of London. What were the benefits of holding the conference in Nottingham?
The location is excellent, with Nottingham being pretty central, and surrounded by a number of key cities. Equally important is the transport network, with attendees easily getting here from London, or flying in to East Midlands Airport. I think it speaks volumes that people came from the US, Australia, all over Europe and even the Middle East. Nobody seemed to resent the location. In fact, I was delighted to hear so many say how much they loved Nottingham and would want to visit again. There's always been a hive of creative activity in this city, and I hope this event helped draw some attention to that fact.
How important are conferences such as NACONF for the UK web design community?
I think the current conference model is vital. It has served the industry very well for many years. That said, I expect the model to change in line with what we need to discuss, how we learn, and how attendees expectations grow. Organisers have to think smartly.
I've always enjoyed the social angle of these events, and that's where many of us find significant value. Hanging out with friends old and new, getting together in bars or at unusual fringe events to discuss what we do, how we do it, and look at possibilities for collaboration are essential. This is something SXSW in Texas does very well. This year I went there and didn't go to a single session, instead spending my time with other web folks and partying. It's hard to explain why that was valuable, but it was.
Ultimately, all these events have created an industry that doesn't isolate people. It's always been possible to meet your heroes, or find like-minded people and friendships that mean something. When web people get together regularly, they party hard, but importantly they discuss their craft, face up to problems, and look for outcomes. The value of what gets done in bars, bowling alleys, or in the foyer of a conference cannot be underestimated, and I'm delighted that New Adventures played a part in that.


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14u Texas Rampage
in Katy
looking for a middle infielder to complete roster.
Please join us for practice:
Thursday, August 29th
6 - 8 p.m.
Taylor High School
20700 Kingsland Blvd
Katy, TX 77494
We will be playing a scrimmage on Thursday night if you plan on attending.
Please email firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any questions.
Private Tryout Available
Practice on Thursday
Practice tomorrow night
Practice tonight
Practice tonight
Join us for practice tonight
Scrimmage Thursday night
Scrimmage tonight


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First, you have to understand that these are thoughtful kids: The kind who actually think about the world as they are learning their place in it.
These are respectful kids: The kind who clear the table after dinner and raise their hands when they have something to say.
Because they are only 12 or 13 years old, adults might be tempted to think they have nothing important to say. That would be a mistake.
All their lives, our children have been listening to us. If the future depends upon today's kids growing up smart and caring about their world, then we ought to also be listening to them.
These particular junior high students make up the Student Council at The Prentice School in Santa Ana. It's a private school for students with dyslexia, a language disability that makes reading and writing harder than it should be.
They signed up for student council as an elective instead of choices like art or filmmaking. This year, instead of only helping their school, they decided to also help their community.
Yep, it's only nine kids, $200, and 376 pounds of food.
But that's more than enough to make a difference.
They started with a spitball session, tossing ideas around to see what sticks. Eventually, these seventh and eighth-graders decided to help feed people.
"You think you have everything you need," explains David Bailey, "but some people are lucky to get food and a normal bed."
They know the problem of poverty is bigger than they are. They're young, not oblivious. Yet they are also confident they can make a difference one individual at a time.
"Just giving one can of food is all it takes," says Arman Maleki, "you don't have to give a whole bunch."
He's right. Small efforts add up.
The Student Council collected food and money for the ongoing Heart for Hunger program for the Orange County Rescue Mission in Tustin. They held a two-week food drive for the junior high and a monthly bake sale. Selling cookies and brownies for a buck raised $200 to fight hunger.


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ESRC Seminar Series: Social Experiences of Breastfeeding: Building Bridges Between Research and Policy: Breastfeeding, Affect and MaterialitySpeaker list enclosedMonday 1st June 2015 - 9:30am
Professor Alison Bartlett, University of Western Australia, Dr Kate Boyer, University of Cardiff, Dr Lucilla Newell, University of Sussex and Nicki Symes, Breastfeeding Co-ordinator, Bristol City Council.
Multi-Species Ethnography and a More-Than-Human Therapeutic LandscapeRichard Gorman, PhD Research StudentMonday 8th June 2015 - 1:00pm
There is a need to develop a critical understanding of the role of non-humans as co-constituents of therapeutic landscapes, exploring the complex interactions and embodied engagements between the human and non-human.
Sustainable and Resilient Food Production: New Approaches to Protecting Crops against Pests, Pathogens and Unpredictable RainfallProfessor Sue Hartley, York Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of YorkTuesday 9th June 2015 - 6:00pm
Sustainable Places are hosting the last in the Sêr Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and the Environment (NRN-LCEE) public lecture series on June 9th.
Cardiff Case Studies Conference for Geography Teachers 2015Tuesday 16th June 2015 - 10:00am
The previous event was described by one Head of Geography as: 'Thoughtful, intelligent and one of the best training courses I have ever attended as a teacher.'
TRANSPORT SEMINAR SERIES: Public Transport Planning and Policies in New Zealand CitiesDr Imran Muhammad, Massey University, New Zealand.Wednesday 17th June 2015 - 4:00pm
Dr Imran Muhammad is a senior lecturer in Resource & Environmental Planning programme a Massey University, New Zealand.


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Bike Tours Berkeley, California - Backroads Voted World's Best by Travel+Leisure. Join us for the ultimate in five-star adventure. With over three decades of experience, Backroads offers unparalleled biking, walking and multisport vacations.
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Bike Tours La Jolla, California - The PLUNGE! is our most popular bike tour. It begins with a 3 mile decent and then back through some of Pacific Beach and La Jolla's beautiful beach neighborhoods. We finish at our shop where you can also sign up for kayaking, snorkeling or surfing!
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Find exciting bike tours in California for your vacation. Hit the pedal to the metal and experience the excitement of our bicycle tours. Our bicycle trips can be guided for beginner riders or self-guided for experienced bikers. Bike trips are a fun physical activity that can be enjoyed by anyone. Go off-road and take your wheels into the woods on our mountain biking tours in California. Enjoy speeding down trails and ripping through the forest on our mountain biking trips. Browse our bike tours in California and plan your vacation today!
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Property Details
Chalet, 4 Bedrooms, 3 Baths, 10 Sleeps
April & May Special: Book 2 nights and get 3rd night FREE - Mention "Spring VIP Special"
This 3,000 sq ft sophisticated, custom built mountain home is situated on 6+ secluded acres in a park-like setting in the Catskills, literally bordering the Catskill Forest Preserve. It takes you away from it all, but just minutes from all the action!
Leave the hustle and bustle behind when you escape to this ultimate mountain retreat. Approximately 2 1/2 hrs from NYC, this unique hideaway is worlds away from the everyday. Located in Haines Falls (Sunset Park), NY just 2 miles from shops and cafes of Tannersville, North Lake/South Lake and Kaaterskill Falls, 7 miles to Hunter, 15 Windham, 16 Phoenicia, 18 Woodstock.
Recent Review
Impeccable, clean, convenient
Thank you so much for the lovely review. You have to give yourself some credit too as you were an absolute dream to work with and we greatly appreciated the care & respect you gave to our home. It brings us tremendous joy to open up and share our home with individuals like yourself, your family and friends. You all are welcome back anytime.
About the Owner
56 Reviews
4.9 based on 56 traveler reviews
Impeccable, clean, convenient
Thank you so much for the lovely review. You have to give yourself some credit too as you were an absolute dream to work with and we greatly appreciated the care & respect you gave to our home. It brings us tremendous joy to open up and share our home with individuals like yourself, your family and friends. You all are welcome back anytime.
Amazing Stay!
A beautiful chalet in a great location!
The location is great; not more than 5 miles away from Hunter Mountain. Although it snowed while we were there, the roads were plowed promptly.
beautiful spacious and cozy cabin
This house was gorgeous. It was exactly as described and better. It was clean, very well maintained, and had every amenity we needed. The decor was beautiful. If i could, I'd pick the house up and transport it to my home town to live in it.
Joanne provided exceptional customer services from our first inquiry through the return of our deposit.
I highly recommend this property to anyone looking for a really special place to stay!
Lovely Mountain Home
We spent most of our time talking and enjoying a glass of wine on the deck, but found time to walk at the nearby lake and take in the Hunter Mountain Oktoberfest. We enjoyed a lovely German meal at the Swiss Chalet and were glad we knew ahead of time that reservations were a must.
I would not hesitate to stay here again!
Activity and Interests
There is something for everyone to do!
** Winter Activities - Located on the Mountain Top perfectly situationed near NY's finest downhill skiing/snowboarding (and snow tubing) - Hunter Mountain - is just 7 miles away. Windham is 15. You can walk to the snowmobile rental place and sledding hill! There is also a cross country ski resort just five minutes away.
** Spring/Summer/Fall Activities – This time of year offers unlimited possibilities. You can literally hike & bike right from our front door. The marked hiking trail system in the area is amazing! We include trail maps at the house that will enable you to explore some pretty cool spots. The closest and actually the best in the area are within 2 miles of the house - Kaatterskill Falls (highest waterfall in the state - a must see sight!), North Lake/South Lake (offers swimming, boat rentals i.e. kayaks, canoes, row boats, fishing and amazing hiking!), The Escarpment Trail (provides panoramic views of the Hudson River and on a clear day 4-states), the former site of the historic Catskill Mountain House, an abandoned (but restored!) train station and more.
Visit Hunter Mountain and try out their new ZIPLINE system, mountain bike down their trails (lift serve access) or enjoy a relaxing ride on their sky ride (chair lift). They also have a host of music festivals year round.
There are plenty of golf courses to choose from, driving range/miniature golf, horse back riding, fly fishing, tubing the Esopus River, paint ball, wineries, festivals, Catskill Game Farm, Howe Caverns and so much more...
** Antique and Art Lovers - You'll find treasures galore with Woodstock, Saugerties, Tannersville, Catskill (Thomas Cole House) and Hudson all within close proximity. A wide-array of classes and activities are available to children, teens and adults at Sugar Maples Center for Creative Arts.
** Relaxation - The Catskill Cabin provides plenty of indoor & outdoor private, cozy spots to relax & unwind. Curl up with a good book, enjoy breathtaking mountain views, or snuggle by the fire. There is also cable TV (100 channels), DVD player, Sirius/XM satellite radio, wireless internet access, pool table and plenty of board games to keep you occupied.
** Night Life - There is a terrific nightlife and fantastic dining right near by. In fact some of our favorite clubs & restaurants are just minutes from the cabin.
Rental rates
- Nightly Rate: $450 - $750
Weekly Rate: $2500 - $3500
Monthly Rate: $7500 - $10500
Nightly Rate: $450-$750 (depends on time of year, weekend/weekday, number of nights)
Email Owner for Rates, Special Packages & Holiday Pricing
Holidays: 3-Night Minimum
Payment Options: Personal Check, PayPal (+ 3%)
Reservation/Security Deposit: $500+ deposit due at time of booking. Converts to security deposit upon arrival. Fully refundable pending terms in rental agreement are met.
Signed Rental Agreement Required
- 12
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Property Type
- chalet
- Adventure
- Family
- Luxury
- Romantic
- Sports & Activities
- pets not allowed
Sports & Adventure Activities
- golf
- 3 Bathrooms
- Bathroom 1
- Bathroom 2
- Bathroom 3
- 4 Bedrooms, Sleeps 10
- Bedroom 1
- Bedroom 2
- Bedroom 3
- Bedroom 4
- THE CABIN: Super immaculate, upscale, private cabin will ensure a special and memorable experience. ** Mountain-Style Ambiance…solid wood doors throughout, rich cherry cabinets, oak grand staircase, stone slate entry way, custom local river rock wall, tumbled marble bathrooms, authentic antler chandelier from Wyoming, pottery & light fixtures from Colorado & New Mexico, oriental rugs, one of a kind antiques, nicely framed local scenic photography, antique skis, sleds & snowshoes, beautiful fabrics with natural warm hues… all contribute to providing a casual elegance with a real warm & cozy feel. ** The Great Room with soaring 30-ft ceilings boasts an open floor plan including living room, dining room and fully equipped kitchen. Perfect for socializing, entertaining or just relaxing. Super high cathedral ceilings and massive windows a wall of glass doors allows for spectacular, panoramic mountain views year round. You'll feel completely surrounded by nature, but with all the comforts of home. ** The Fully Equipped Kitchen provides everything needed to make a great, gourmet meal. Includes a comprehensive selection of kitchen equipment & accessories including slow cooker/crock pot, baking trays & pans, crystal stemware, serving platters & bowls, cutlery, 12-cup coffee maker, coffee bean grinder, 4-slice oversized style toaster, blender and so much more. Help yourself to our full array of spices and during the summer enjoy our fresh herb garden conveniently located right on the deck and BBQ using the gas Weber grill. ** The Main Floor features a custom built local river rock wall, wood stove and a oak grand staircase leading to the master suite and loft area. This main floor includes a full bathroom with tub/shower (plus plenty of plush towels), two bedrooms each with a queen bed and also a full size sleeper sofa in the living room. One bedroom has its own private entrance that leads out to the wrap around deck. All bedrooms are beautifully appointed and include high-thread count linens and plush Ralph Lauren down comforters. ** A Massive Wrap Around Deck, perched high in the sky with tree fort views, provides 800+ sq ft of additional outdoor living space. Relax in the lounge chairs, gather around wrought iron dining tables, BBQ on the gas Weber grill and dine al fresco while watching amazing sunsets. In addition to the beautiful scenery supplied by mother nature, we also add potted flowers and hanging baskets seasonally to further enhance the overall experience. ** The Master Suite is truly luxurious. It has a 20-foot cathedral ceiling and includes an en suite bathroom & walk-in custom tiled shower with a thick glass enclosure. Enjoy your morning coffee on your own private outdoor balcony overlooking the forest and interesting glacier rock formations that dot the landscape. If you are the organizer of the trip, we highly recommend this room for you! ** The open Loft Area includes two twin beds and desk/sitting area and provides amazing views of the mountain range. ** The First Floor includes a Billiards Room with 3 comfy couches, a brand new tumbled marble tiled bathroom & walk-in shower, laundry room (including washer & dryer), plenty of board games (Scrabble, Monopoly, backgammon, marble chess set, Chinese checkers, playing cards, and more). ** The State of the Art Entertainment & Electronics system include WIFI throughout the cabin and on all decks, Premium Cable Package (100 channels), Flat Screen TVs (40" in great room), DVD player (Emmy award winning DVD movie collection), iPod hook up, complete stereo system with highly-quality sound including Sirius/XM Satellite radio which provides endless genres of commercial free non-stop music, sports, entertainment and news. ** The Parking...there is plenty of parking in the various driveway areas, large area right outside the front door, that can easily accommodate 8+ cars. We take great pride in our home and because we own and manage it ourselves were able to offer amenities that you'll find in very few rental properties. Plus we truly find pleasure in sharing it and we go the extra mile to ensure your stay is the most pleasurable experience possible. We promise you will not be disappointed with your stay. In fact, if you are like many of our guests, you will be back. E-mail us and we'll send you a link that provides more photos, full list amenities, area activity links, rental terms and more! Thank you so much for your interest. You'll truly love our place and feel right at home! Sorry, NO pets or smoking allowed. JoAnn & Scott


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Member since 2/13/2014
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- 1 comment
- 1 question
Questions from mona1980
Rhinoplasty advice please for middle eastern nose? (photo)
Looking for some advice as I would like to get rhinoplasty - looking for a natural change to make my nose look smaller but want to use the correct terminology when consulting... READ MORE
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Did you end up picking a plastic surgeon? I'm in the same situation as you. READ COMMENT


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Demand and supply
Much contemporary growth theory can be viewed as an attempt to develop a theoretical model that would bring the rate of growth of demand and the rate of growth of supply into line, since a model implying that capitalist systems are inherently unstable would not correspond to the historical facts. Models of growth may be classified according to whether they emphasize adjustments in demand (supply-determined models) or adjustments in supply (demand-determined models). One of the better-known examples of the supply-determined model was developed by the British economist J.R. Hicks. Hicks assumed that the spending propensities of consumers and investors were such as to cause demand to grow at a rate in excess of the rate of growth of maximum output. This assumption meant that during any "boom" the economy would eventually run into a "ceiling" that, while also moving upward, was moving less rapidly than demand. The long-run rate of growth of the economy would be determined by the rate of ascent of the ceiling, which in turn would depend upon supply factors such as the rate of growth of the labour force and the rate of growth of technical progress or productivity. If for some reason these were to grow more rapidly, then output would also grow more rapidly as demand adjusted upward to the more rapid growth of supply.
An example of a demand-determined model of growth is one developed by the American economist J.S. Duesenberry. In the Duesenberry model, spending propensities of consumers and investors are such as to generate steady growth in demand. Assume that instead of spending nine-tenths of any change in income on consumer goods, as in the multiplier example above, they choose to spend 0.95. This increase will cause the rate of growth of demand to increase. The question is whether it will also cause the rate of growth of production to increase or whether it will merely result in price increases. If productivity or technical progress responds to a higher rate of growth of demand, as Duesenberry assumes, then production can grow more rapidly. Although in both the Hicks and Duesenberry models demand and supply grow at the same rate, the adjustment mechanisms are entirely different. In the Duesenberry model supply adjusts to demand; in the Hicks model demand adjusts to supply.
Other models of growth also illustrate this distinction between demand-determined and supply-determined growth. The British economist N. Kaldor assumed that there is a mechanism at work generating full employment. Simply stated, in his model an inadequate rate of investment will be offset by shifts in the distribution of income between profits and wages, which will cause consumption to change in a compensating manner so that overall demand is unchanged. While there are important differences between the Hicks and Kaldor models, both can be described as models of supply-determined growth.
Another model of supply-determined growth is that implicit in the traditional neoclassical analysis. The mechanism that adjusts demand to growing supply is the price mechanism, or Adam Smith's "invisible hand" of the market. This type of model assumes a world devoid of monopoly and uncertainty, in which the markets for capital goods and labour are free to adjust quickly so that "markets are always cleared" in the very short run.
A final example of a model of growth that illustrates the problem of adjustment between supply and demand is to be found in the work of the Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen and his followers. In contrast to neoclassical growth models where the market brings about an adjustment of demand to supply, the "target-instrument" models of Tinbergen assume that the government (as in the Netherlands and other European countries) undertakes to regulate demand and supply in an effort to achieve certain targets such as full employment or a predetermined rate of growth. For example, economists are expected to provide the fiscal authorities with a model that approximates the working of the economy and that indicates what will happen if the government, say, does not change its tax and spending programs in the coming period. These forecasts are appraised in terms of what the authorities consider desirable as a matter of social and economic policy. If it appears that unemployment will be too high and the rate of growth too low, the authorities take countermeasures. The government may, for example, cut taxes on corporate profits in order to stimulate investment. If investment is excessive and there is danger of inflation, the government may take other measures to reduce aggregate demand such as cutting its expenditures. This type of planning procedure has been tried with varying degrees of success. Sweden and the Netherlands are prominent examples of attempts to offset fluctuations in private spending so as to realize full employment and growth. It should be noted that these models do not fit neatly into the demand-determined or supply-determined classification. In the example just given, both the rate of growth of demand and the rate of growth of supply are effectively determined by the fiscal authorities.


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Todd Akin
Aug 24, 2012
FBI probes 'rape threats' to Akin and family
The US Capitol Police and FBI are investigating rape threats against Todd Akin and those close to him. #United States #NewsTracker #Todd Akin
Aug 23, 2012
Akin's 'legit rape' comment reveals cracks in Republican Party
The Republican convention was planned as a festival of unity to formally anoint Mitt Romney, but instead it will open Monday with the party in turmoil over a fellow Republican's startling remarks about abortion for victims of "legitimate rape." #Barack Obama #PoliticsDecoder #Republican Party #Mitt Romney #Paul Ryan #US Presidential Elections #Todd Akin
Aug 23, 2012
Why keeping Todd Akin in play is good for Obama camp
In crafting a response to Republican congressman Todd Akin's comments on rape, President Barack Obama and his aides are following Napoleon Bonaparte's age-old advice: Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake. #HowThisWorks #Barack Obama #US presidential campaign #President Obama #Mitt Romney #Todd Akin
Aug 22, 2012
Republicans back strict anti-abortion platform, despite Akin gaffe
A Republican Party committee on Tuesday embraced anti-abortion language it has used in its platform since 2004, with no mention of exceptions for rape or incest, as one of its Senate candidates was widely condemned over his comments about rape. #NewsTracker #Republican #Todd Akin
Aug 22, 2012
Akin refuses to quit even after Romney rebuke
Akin a staunch abortion opponent vowed to stay in the contest against Democratic Senator Claire McCaskill, indicating he represents a conservative movement that must be heard. #NewsTracker #Mitt Romney #Republican #Todd Akin


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2012 BEST Cannoli
Cafe Paradiso
The finest cannoli is in the North End, but it's not where you might think. To satisfy our craving for the classic pastry, we slip into Caffé Paradiso's dimly lit shop and head straight to the bakery case in back. The shell of the cannoli there is light and flaky, the ricotta filling is smooth and sweet, and the whole thing is sent over the edge by a dunk in chocolate.
Be respectful of our online community and contribute to an engaging conversation. We reserve the right to remove impersonators or personal attacks, threats, profanity, or flat-out offensive comments. By posting here, you are permitting Boston magazine and Metro Corp. to edit and republish your comment in all media.


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The radicchio is too bitter for our taste, but a suitable replacement is red cabbage. We love the nutty, crunch of the cabbage!
I have been making this for years, often as written (with a tad less oil) and sometimes with substitutions and additions. I've concluded that you cannot mess this up. It's delicious as a main dish with the addition of grilled lamb, shrimp, or chicken, with arugula instead of radicchio, and with white balsamic instead of brown (if you don't want the orzo to turn brown.) Every single time I make this, someone wants the recipe.
Fabulous dish! I soaked the radicchio in cold water with lemon juice to cut the bitterness and enhance the color. Rave reviews from foodies. will definitely make again and again.
Been making this for many years -- a winner! The only change I make is to use feta cheese instead of parmesan, and I usually toast the pine nuts for extra flavor. Sometimes we leave out the garlic, which can be quite strong -- and we're really garlic people. It's a great dish to bring for a pot luck, and it's perfect for lunch. It's always in regular rotation in our house from Spring though Fall.
I've made this many times and love it. It's the ultimate Italian comfort food, substantial and flavorful, no "heat" though. To save time, use minced sun-dried tomatoes, drain them and you will still have plenty of olive oil and can omit the rest of it from the recipe. I usually add more pine nuts and garlic. It matures after a day or so, so is perfect to make ahead of time. Also I like to serve it warm instead of chilled.
I opted to not include the olives as we had kids but it was still excellent. I did include the radicchio. Definitely will make again.
Colorful, easy to make, delicious. I used white balsamic rather than dark, and feta, rather than parmesan, and everyone loved it. It actually keeps well for days, even with the radicchio.
This is fantastic with grilled foods. Have made it many times, and people love it. I use white balsamic vinegar, as the regular brown turns the orzo brown. Have left out the radicchio many times, and it's not missed.
Spot on! Also fantastic with a couple grilled chicken breasts.
Delicious and easy to make. Good for potlucks or picnics!


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Additional images and a complete description of this vehicle will be available closer to the auction dates. Please check back for more information.... More
The successor to the widely desired 250 and 275s, Ferrari's 330 series evolved the legendary platform that bred such vehicles as the stunningly beautiful... More
The successor to the widely desired 250 and 275s, Ferrari's 330 series evolved the legendary platform that bred such vehicles as the stunningly beautiful... More
2011 Ferrari 458 Italia Coupe FOR SALE!!! Finished in Corsa Red exterior over Black interior. This is a clean car with no accident history. All... More
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The Wind Ensemble provides dedicated players the opportunity to prepare and perform challenging band literature. The ensemble is open by audition to students in grades 10-12, although exceptional ninth-grade players may be accepted. The ensemble rehearses weekly (two 10-week semesters), and has two performances per year.
Auditions for Wind Ensemble are held each spring for the following academic year.


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Welcome to the Rural Studio, Auburn University's instructional design program that teaches students the importance of community-based architecture. The brainchild of Samuel 'Sambo' Mockbee, the studio inspires students to consider the impact of their architectural work. The studio resides in Hale County, Alabama, one of the most impoverished communities in America.
Citizen Architect documents the late Mockbee's vision of inspiring students to use their architectural talents to positively impact the world. Meet the students, teachers and community members that feel the impact of Mockbee's dream.
Citizen Architect: Samuel Mockbee and the Spirit of the Rural Studio premiered at South by Southwest 2010. In this interview, filmmakers Sam Wainwright Douglas and Jack Sanders reveal what inspired them to make this film about the late Samuel Mockbee. Mockbee was known for his radical educational design/build program called the Rural Studio.


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Any other babies not really laughing out loud much? My DS has only laughed out loud two times. He smiles all the time and coos and makes noises but doesn't do that belly laugh. Should I be worried? I can't remember when my older 2 were laughing a lot.
Not laughing out loud?
Alana- SAHM of 3!
Allie 6/24/03, Grace 9/8/06, Jackson 5/9/08
Comments (6)
Not very loud. Each baby goes at his or her own pace. He may just be more serous.
~Lucy Craftastic-o-licious BFF~
?Alexia 9-25-03 ?Lailah 6-12-06,?Jareth 4-29-08 ?Angel baby 7/21/10 ?Delilah Renee 6/03/11
My LO is not laughing out loud yet either. She has only really laughed once and it was when we were playing peek-a-boo. She also smiles and coos all the time, but hasn't really laughed out loud at all.
Try laughing in front of your baby a lot. My husband and I were playing with our baby on the blanket and we just started tickling her and laughing together. Then she just started laughing too.
My baby girl has laughed out loud twice. It definitely doesn't mean they aren't still happy babies, they'll be laughing in no time I'm sure, so don't worry. :)
Christina ~ Mommy to Gracie ~ 5/27/08
Thanks ladies. I do feel better. I do sometimes wonder if he is not happy but he smiles so much! I hope the laughs start coming soon because I love hearing them!
Alana- SAHM of 3!
Allie 6/24/03, Grace 9/8/06, Jackson 5/9/08
I feel the exact same as you! My LO is 5 months and hasnt laughed outloud yet! I drive myself crazy about it on a daily basis. I have heard the smallest beginning of a laugh once or twice but not the big belly laugh i'm waiting for. He smiles and talks and squeals all day long so I know he is happy, just cant wait for him to laugh! Glad I'm not the only one, hopefully it is soon for us!


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25.07.04 - This was the question some 3m German viewers asked themselves last night (ARD TV) while watching the Interim WBA International Heavyweight Title between Russian Champion NIKOLAI VALUEV v. unbeaten and former amateur star RICHARD BANGO (16-0-0 / 12 KOs).
Valuev (7'4" - 2.18 m.) under his recent new management (Sauerland Events) has a new training camp and it seems we are starting to see some changes. He is becoming much faster and fitted. His opponent from last night was not just another "journeyman".. it was unbeaten RICHARD BANGO, Nigerian born and based in Barcelona. He was former Olympic finalist in 1992 and among his "all 16 wins" record he has fought in places like London, Las vegas, New York, Canada, Portugal, Madrid ... and never was defeated even by points... but last night Bango tasted the fury from the "east" and referee John Coyle had to stop the contest in the 6th round (1:50 min.)).
When Bango suffered a tremendous knockdown and could not continue after the mandatory count of 8 (TKO). Valuev, a fighter who is rated # 11 in the World Ratings (WBA) wants to prove he deserves to stay and raise among them. That's is why he said after the fight "... I am ready and willing to face the winner between Dane Champion Steffen Nielsen v. Italian Champion Paolo Vidoz and to be proclaimed the best heavyweight in Europe."
Doubtless it will not be an easy task to beat any of these two experienced Heavyweight contenders, scheduled to face each other on mid September in Denmark (Team Palle promoting) but at least something is for sure ... Heavyweight division is moving up in Europe.
The EBA neutral officials appointed for this Championship were; Referee: John Coyle (England), Judges: Torben Seemann (Denmark), Jose Martinez (Spain), Pawel Kardyni (Poland)
The best International Boxing news at: www.wbaeurope.com
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News & Events
The Watertown Police will again participate in the state-wide Click-It or Ticket mobilization that starts on May 14th and continues through June 4th. During these dates the Police Department will deploy additional personnel to high volume traffic areas where motorists who are not wearing seat belts AND who commit a traffic infraction will be stopped […]
Two members of the Watertown Police Department were inducted into the Watertown High School Athletic Hall of Fame at the 2008 induction banquet held Friday May 9, 2008. The officers inducted are: Tom Dicker, class of 1996, All Scholastic Football Linebacker and Patricia Grady, class of 1992, All Scholastic Field Hockey Player.
Watertown Police arrested a 19 year old Watertown resident for the recent car breaks over the past week. Detectives are still working on the case. Police still remind residents to lock their car doors and do not keep anything of value inside of their vehicles.
The Watertown Police Department is pleased to welcome four new members. Recruits Kenneth Dinjian, Emily Doss, John Watts and Michael D'Amico start the Police Academy on Monday May 19, 2008. They will be attending the Lowell Police Academy over the next 20 weeks.


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BREAKING – Kogi State Governor Captain Idris Wada Survives Ghastly Accident, ADC and Driver Feared Dead
The Governor of Kogi State, Captain Idris Wada was involved in ghastly motor accident some minutes ago around Jingbe, just before Salem University (along Lokoja-Ajaokuta road) while returning from Ayingba.
The governor's ADC and driver are feared dead while Captain Wada is being attended to for first aid treatment at the State Specialist Hospital.
The active governor left Lokoja this morning to attend a function at Ayingba and had the unfortunate accident on his way back to Lokoja.
Source: Kogi Reports
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RV industry revs back up after recession
Michael McLoone/For the Journal Sentinel
Scenic Traveler RV technician Jerry Stuettgen finishes up work on a television cabinet in a new travel trailer before it is picked up by a customer.
Sales of motor homes and travel trailers expected to continue to rebound
The Recreational Vehicle Industry Association expects overall shipments of RVs to be up about 68% this year from three years ago. »Read Full Article


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1974 pearson 30
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Originally Posted by
I have always liked these boats. They sail well and are generally well mannered. A couple issues that I have heard of over the years on some of these are problems with the 'scimitar' type rudder. This places a lot of strain on the rudder post to rudder connection and water can get in and cause problems over time with the stainless steel frame of the rudder. There were apparently two different types of internal frames on the P-30 rudder, the later ones having an aluminum framework instead of stainless steel. These were not as good in terms of durability.
The one that I knew best had gate valves that ultimately had to be changed out to marine grade seacocks.
The Pearson 30's had an outward facing flange type hull to deck joint. I have never been a big fan of this type of joint being inherently the weakest and most vulnerable of the choices. From what I gather, the P-30's have not had the kinds of problems of boats like the Catalina 27 but the one that I raced on did leak back by the quarter berth when heeled hard.
I can't recall whether the P-30 has a bolt on keel like its smaller sister of that era, the P-26, but at least in the case of the P-26 the keel bolts and and internal structure has not stood up all that well over time and has typically needed remedial repairs. I would carefully check the keel to hull hull joint if it is a bolt on, or the encapsulation if its not.
Good catch on the gate valves -- forgot about that... Gate valves are a big no-no for thru hulls on any boat and they should be switched to either a traditional tapered plug seacock or a ball valve. Grey Goose still had a gate valve at the raw water intake and I had it changed right away. Also, I *believe* the original scuppers had tubes glassed directly to the thru hulls. While above the water line, they were vulnerable to cracking from the hull flexing and causing a umm... major problem. Mine were switched out for traditional tapered-plug seacocks and reinforced rubber hose prior to my taking ownership.
s/v Grey Goose
1977 Pearson 30 #995
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text: We stayed for just over a week in this fantastic Villa, with our 3 young children. Much better than a hotel, it was a real home from home, although better as we had in-house staff looking after our every need. The villa is faultless, a real 5* gem, the owners have clearly gone to alot of trouble as everything has... more


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Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.
By: Dr. Jeff Masters , 1:33 PM GMT on September 17, 2007
Tropical Depression Ingrid finally succumbed to a long period of 20-30 knots of wind shear that lasted three days. There is still a bit of spin left to Ingrid's remains, and some scattered thunderstorm activity. However, with wind shear still 20-30 knots, and expected to stay 20-30 knots for at least another day, it will be difficult for Ingrid's remains to regenerate into a tropical storm again.
Gulf of Mexico and Western Caribbean development?
The four reliable computer models for forecasting tropical cyclone genesis continue to predict that a tropical storm will pop up in the Western Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico by Thursday. The forecasted storm is expected to move westward into Texas by Sunday. However, steering currents will be complicated by the expected formation of an upper-level low pressure system over the Gulf of Mexico later this week. The Yucatan Peninsula, western Cuba, northern Gulf Coast, and Florida Gulf Coast could also be at risk.
The seed for the formation of such a storm could come from a tropical wave in the Central Caribbean that was kicking up some heavy thunderstorm activity yesterday. This activity has quieted down today. Another possibility is that an old frontal zone stretching from the Carolinas southwards along the U.S. East Coast and across northern Florida could spawn something. I give a 40% chance a tropical storm will form in the Western Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico this week. NHC had a hurricane hunter aircraft on call to fly today in case something popped up, but this flight was canceled.
Tropical wave in the mid-Atlantic
A tropical wave near 12N, 43W, midway between the Lesser Antilles Islands and the coast of Africa, is moving west at 10-15 mph. This wave has some disorganized thunderstorm activity, and some slow development is possible over the next 2-3 days. Wind shear is about 10 knots, and is expected to remain below 15 knots over the next 2-3 days. The UKMET model is the only reliable model developing this wave into a tropical depression. The Hurricane Hunters are on call to investigate this system on Wednesday, when it should be about 500 miles east of the Lesser Antilles Islands.
I'll have an update Tuesday morning.
Jeff Masters
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Piezo-resistive fibers enable "blood pressure watch" with continuous monitoring
Initial prototypes of the "blood pressure watch" with the strap made from piezo-resistive fibers
Article Summary
Blood pressure is one of the main vital signs, measuring the pressure of the blood upon the walls of blood vessels as it is pumped around the body by the heart. High blood pressure, or hypertension, places increased stress on the heart and can be an indicator of other potentially fatal health problems, such as stroke, heart attack, and heart failure. Most people will have had their blood pressure tested using a sphygmomanometer on a visit to the doctor, but a new wristband device is set to provide a more convenient and continuous way to keep a watch for signs of trouble.
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Thibs won't be gone until Chicago knows they have Fred. Lots of smoke. Hearing lots about a coach/players meeting that happened. Fred's silence is fairly telling.
Tar Wars
No, not geothermal.
Heat pumps and ac is basically the same.
I just wasn't sure of the pro/cons of each of them or if people had had this choice recently and decided one way or another.
Looking to replace our HVAC. Anyone have anything thoughts about standard AC vs the heat pump?
Or the "hybrid" system.
Over under on Lakers "winning" the lottery?
The new "old" saying: Teach a man to eat bugs and weeds and he'll never go hungry.
According to the State of Iowa Employee salary DB in 2011.
Barta: 443k
Pollard: 378k
Hopefully JP got a bump.
I'm taking the family down to the Chiefs preseason game on Friday. I was just wondering about the parking situation. Is it better to arrive early, or would arriving more around gametime be easier...
Looks like they have us at 77 and Tulsa at 55.
NCAA College Football Rankings - CBSSports.com
Kinda like I don't go around using the force all willy-nilly. I can understand.
Easier to name shows I like. ha. Too bad people keep watching crap and lining the pockets of the idiocy. I think those stupid housewives get like 450k a season or some such nonsense.
I only...
mmmmm... Titanic 4d with smellavision.
Can you really **spoil** a remake? :jimlad:
Probably won't see it, I don't want to encourage Hollywood's lack of creativity.
If you're thinking iPhone, just wait for the iPhone5. If you're dying to get one right now, I'd go with the Samsung.
I wish I could speak with my dog
Cause right now it's just a monologue
So, is her last name Shady?
Where's the write in vote option for the Corn Belt! Come on man.
Don't worry, I'm sure they'll just plug in the next 5 star.
Hearing more about Louisville to the Big XII. Bring on the battle of the big red birds!
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text: I Have No Time to Play Today, So Here's a Picture of a Cat and Some Books July 11, 2010UncategorizedJohn Scalzi Because, let's be honest. That's what you show up for, anyway. Share:Click to share on TwitterShare on FacebookClick to share on Google+Click to share on RedditClick to share on PinterestClick to share on TumblrClick to email this to a friend


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A new train connecting Chennai with Coimbatore will be introduced on Tuesday.
The inaugural Chennai Central-Coimbatore Non-stop Duronto Express will be flagged off at Chennai Central by Union Minister of Textiles Dayanidhi Maran.
The inaugural special will leave Chennai Central at 4 p.m. and reach Coimbatore at 10.40 p.m. the same day. The regular service from Chennai commences on Thursday while service from Coimbatore starts from Wednesday.
Train No.12243 Chennai Central-Coimbatore (six days a week, except Tuesdays) Duronto Non-stop Express will leave Chennai Central at 6.50 a.m. and reach Coimbatore at 1.30 p.m. the same day. Train No.12244 Coimbatore-Chennai Central (six days a week, except Tuesdays) Duronto Non-stop Express will leave Coimbatore at 3.05 p.m. and arrive here at 9.50 p.m. the same day. Reservation for the trains will begin on Tuesday.
Keywords: train services, Indian Railways


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1991 BEST Makeup
We love the way they use herbs and plants (cucumber in a cleanser and aloe in some lipsticks), the recycling program, the championing of socially correct causes, and the whole PC atmosphere. And we love the obliging return policy.
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