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Inspire: information policy issues of the European spatial data infrastructure.
In 2006, the European Union counts 25 countries and it is still extending. Its latest expansion has been its biggest: in 2004, 10 new Member States officially joined the EU. In these Member States, 20 official languages are spoken, while many regional languages remain unrecognized. The total population amounts to over 460 million (Eurostat 2005) and its total GDP approaches 13 trillion dollars.
The level of development of national and regional SDIs differs greatly between the European Member States. While most countries do not have an integrated approach for building and maintaining the national SDI (K.U.Leuven SADL 2005), spatial data and their importance for policy preparation and implementation have been on the agenda in some shape or form in all of the Member States. In addition, there is also a rising awareness that, in order to determine the full impact of any policy decision, national or regional spatial data often will not suffice, but information on the surrounding Member States will also be necessary for issues such as transport and security, river flooding, avian influenza, forest fires, etc.
General principles
The European Commission decided in 2001 to set up a European infrastructure in order to enable public authorities within and between Member States to exchange spatial data for the performance of their public tasks. In addition, such an infrastructure would also enable the European institutions to obtain the data they need from the Member States to establish the common European policies. The European Commission had tried once before in the 90s to set up a program for spatial data with the GI2000 Communication (European Commission 1998), but due to the resignation of the Commission the communication disappeared off the agenda, and the issue resurfaced as INSPIRE.
In a first phase, this INSPIRE initiative only addresses environmental purposes, and the spatial data that are needed for them, but the policy could always be expanded to other sectors, such as agriculture, transport and energy (European Commission 2004). The objective of INSPIRE is to create a framework for the establishment and operation of an SDI in Europe, for the purpose of formulating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating Community policies at all levels and providing public information. The initiative is based on a number of basic principles (INSPIRE DPLI Working Group 2002):
* Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively.
* It must be possible to combine seamlessly spatial information from different sources across Europe and share it between many users and applications.
* It must be possible for information collected at one level to be shared between all the different levels, e.g. detailed for detailed investigations, general for strategic purposes.
* Geographic information needed for good governance at all levels should be abundant and widely available under conditions that do not restrain its extensive use.
* It must be easy to discover which geographic information is available, fits the needs for a particular use and under what conditions it can be acquired and used.
* Geographic data must become easy to understand and interpret because it can be visualized within the appropriate context and selected in a user-friendly way.
The European Commission involved stakeholders from the public and private sector, and academics in the process of developing its policy. Consultation processes among the Member States, the stakeholders and the experts led to the adoption of a proposal for a Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the Community in 2004 (European Commission, 2004). When adopted in its final version, this directive will provide a legal backbone to the development of the European SDI.
The procedure of the directive
The directive is subject to a co-decision procedure, entailing that the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have to agree on the final outcome of the directive. In this process, the Council and the European Parliament exchange views in two stages--two "readings"--starting from a proposal from the Commission. If after these two readings no agreement on the amendments is found between the institutions, a "conciliation" procedure has to be started. If this procedure does not lead to an agreement, the directive is finally rejected. If an agreement is found, the directive can become definitive. This process takes on average 20 months (Devuyst 2004). After the directive has entered into force, the Member States have a time limit--usually 18 months to two years--to transpose it into national law. They can choose the manner in which they want to do this, e.g. laws or royal decrees or cooperation agreements, as long as they reach the end results the directive is prescribing.
Currently, the INSPIRE draft directive has reached the conciliation stage. Its final text is expected by the end of 2006. It covers aspects such as metadata, data sharing, public access and interoperability. The draft directive has been the subject of heated discussions, most of which address the legal or organizational aspects rather than the technical topics. Central elements are intellectual property issues, and the possibility of charging for access of the citizen and data sharing between public authorities. These are the issues that keep returning in any discussion on the availability of spatial data created or held by the public sector. Before we take a look at the specific issues of the INSPIRE draft directive, we will chalk out the questions that are involved and the already existing European legislation that has an impact on the subject.
Most, but not all of the Member States of the European Union have a fully functioning freedom of information law in place, and for the countries that do have a FOI law, there are also considerable differences in the traditions and experiences, in the field of application, exceptions, etc. For instance, in the summer of 2006, Malta and Luxembourg do not have a Freedom of Information law, while the German federal law has been in force since January 2006, and the United Kingdom Freedom of Information Act dates from 2000, but has only been completely in force since 2005. On the other hand, the oldest access legislation can also be found in the European Union: the Swedish law dates from 1776 (Banisar 2006).
Even though the national legislations and practices on access to information differ, the European Commission has made it clear that it does not intend to take any initiatives in this field, because it is a matter of the Member States that should not be harmonized on a European level, but should remain first and foremost a national, regional and local responsibility (European Commission 2001). The only exception to this concerns environmental information. A first directive was voted in 1990, and replaced by Directive 2003/4 on public access to environmental information. Because of these regulations, access to environmental information has been established under harmonized conditions for all the Member States of the European Union. As the majority of environmental data will also have a spatial dimension, this legislation is also important for the development of a spatial data infrastructure. It implements the Aarhus Convention on Access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters (UNECE 1998).
One of the main points of discussion in the Treaty and in the Directive was the possibility for the government agencies to charge the citizens for access to environmental information. In the end, a compromise was reached: access to environmental information by means of on site examination is free of charge, while the public agencies may charge for supplying the information, as long as the charges do not exceed a reasonable amount. Generally, the charges should not exceed actual costs of production, but in the case where the public body makes its environmental data available on a commercial basis, and this is necessary in order to guarantee the continuation of collecting and publishing such information, market-based charges would be possible.
The debate on charging has been held many times before, and has often been based more on ideology than on empirical evidence (Longhorn and Blakemore 2004). The discussion is fueled by the increasing demand on European public agencies to provide their own funding. They argue that providing free access to their spatial data would leave them without resources to create and update data with the level of quality they are used to delivering. On the other hand, proponents of free availability of government information claim that information that is already paid for by the taxpayer when it was collected for the public agencies' own purposes, should not be paid for again by those who wish to obtain access to it (Rybaczuk and Blakemore 1994). In answer to this argument, one could ask why all taxpayers would have to finance the creation of the information, while only a small percentage of private citizens and businesses are interested in obtaining the information (Onsrud 1992a, Van Loenen 2006). Then again, free availability might actually benefit the taxpayer in the end, as it could stimulate the use of the information and be beneficial for the economy in general, employment opportunities, and the subsequent tax income (Rhind 1992, Onsrud 1992b, Van Loenen 2000).
In the European Union, there are a fair number of government agencies that aim to recover all the costs of producing their spatial data, because they see this as the only way of guaranteeing sufficient resources to ensure their viability. The English Ordnance Survey is a prime example of this. As a Trading Fund it is required to gain its income from payments made by customers and by other exploitation of its assets, databases and intellectual property. One of its tasks is to generate profitable revenue that will fund continuous improvement of their data (Ordnance Survey 2004). The OS is not the only spatial data producer that has to rely on its "sales" to customers to ensure its continued existence Many government agencies have resorted to charging for their data for this reason, and they often call on their intellectual property rights to do so. However, the extent to which such intellectual property rights on public sector spatial data can be invoked, is also anything but clear.
The use of intellectual property rights by public sector agencies as an argument to charge the citizens for access can give light to a discussion on two levels. On the one hand, one can wonder whether public sector agencies should even be able to claim copyright on works they created with the taxpayers' money and in order to fulfill their public tasks towards the citizens. Under current copyright legislation, this is not possible in all countries. The United States federal level is of course the prime example, but Austria and Germany also choose to not claim copyright on works created by the government. However, there are many European countries that to a greater or lesser extent allow government agencies to assert copyright. For instance, in France, Belgium and in the Netherlands, copyright cannot be asserted on "official documents", such as legislation, jurisprudence, parliamentary proceedings, etc, while other documents can be protected by copyright if they fulfill the conditions, and in the Dutch case, if the government agency reserves its rights. The United Kingdom copyright legislation, however, ensures that all works that are created by "Her Majesty or by an officer or servant of the Crown in the course of his duties" (Copyright Act 1968). According to some scholars, using copyright to deny access to government information under the form of providing a copy of the document would undermine any right to information of the citizen, while others see it as necessary for the public agency to remain in control of its information (Schram 2002, Saxby 2005)
Protection by copyright
In the case where a government agency has the possibility to invoke copyright protection of its works, the question yet remains whether there even are any intellectual property rights to be claimed on spatial data. To be eligible for copyright protection, a work has to be original and expressed in a certain form. In the civil law systems of the European continent, originality requires the work to be the author's own intellectual creation and to express the author's personality. This expression of the author's personality would appear in the choices the author can make when creating his work, i.e. if he chooses a certain way in which to express himself, while other options are available. If there are no choices and there is only one manner in which to express a certain thought, there is no personal touch and hence no originality.
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a work has to be fixed in a tangible form and be original to be protected by copyright. To be original, a work has to be the result of the investment of sufficient skill, judgment or labor (Sterling 2003). This originality test is lower than the "intellectual creation" that is required in the rest of the European Union, even though due to the harmonization efforts of the European Union institutions, the interpretations of originality have been slowly moving towards each other. The United States 1976 Copyright Act requires fixation and originality for copyright protection. An original work is an independent creation by the author, and shows a modest quantum of creativity (Joyce et al 2000). According to the Supreme Court in Feist, the requisite level of creativity is extremely low, and even a slight amount will suffice (Feist 1991).
The challenge for determining the possible protection of spatial data lies in the definition of originality, as spatial data are largely factual and facts are not subject to copyright under the Berne Convention (Onsrud and Lopez 1998). They are meant to be a rendition of reality and leave very little room for "originality". Their main value lies in their accuracy and their compliance with standards, ensuring easy access and interoperability. While increasing their value, these elements make the spatial data less eligible for copyright protection.
Protection by the database right
A second level of protection of intellectual property lies in the so-called sui generis database right. This protection has until now never been introduced in the United States, despite several attempts to enact legislation in this sense (Trosow 2005). The database right does not protect originality, but investment, in order to protect databases that have taken a lot of effort and financial resources to create, but that don't show any creativity from being easy victims of unauthorized copying. A database is protected if there is a substantial investment in the obtaining, verification or presentation of its contents. This investment can be financial, material or human, but it has to be made with view to the development of the database itself (i.e. not in the creation of data which are in a second phase inserted in a database). If such a substantial investment has been made, the sui generis database right gives the maker of the database the right to prevent any unauthorized extraction or re-utilization of its database or of substantial parts thereof.
In most--if not all--Member States of the European Union, there is no exception to the sui generis right for databases created by government agencies. This entails that the agencies could invoke their sui generis right in order to require remuneration for giving access to their spatial databases. However, the database right only applies if at least a substantial part of the database is retrieved. In the case of a citizen requesting access to spatial data, this will hardly ever be the case. A citizen will be interested in obtaining information on his own land, taxes, building permits, etc. He only wants to obtain a report on the soil pollution of his own property, and not of all the land in his county or state. If a request for such information--constituting in all likelihood a substantial part of a database--would be made, we can assume that it stems from a commercial company intending to use the information for an information product or service, combining the obtained information with data from other sources. In the context of the European legal framework, we are then no longer talking about access of the citizen, but about re-use of public sector information by the information sector.
If spatial data held by the public sector are being re-used by the private sector to obtain commercial gains, the issue of charging and pricing can be seen in a different light. Re-use is not a matter of the citizen intending to exercise his democratic right to check up on the government's activities, but mostly of the information industry creating added-value services and products based on public sector data.
Spatial data held by public sector agencies is not only important for the citizen to make full use of his rights and obligations and to check up on the government he chose through the means of elections, but it also has a considerable economic value. It is an excellent resource for the private information industry to use as raw material for the products and services they offer on the market. Such purposes move beyond access of the citizen into the more economic field of commercial exploitation of public sector information. This also has an influence on issues such as the pricing and charging for the dissemination of data.
In the European Union, separate legislation was adopted to deal with the economic potential of public sector information. The European Commission felt that the European information industry was lagging behind its American counterparts because of the "considerable differences in the rules and practices in the Member States relating to the exploitation of public sector information resources, which constitute barriers to bringing out the full economic potential of this key document resource" (European Parliament and Council 2003). Harmonization was needed in order to stimulate the development of the information industry. In its arguments for such a harmonization, the European Commission referred to the U.S. federal level, where all information created by the government was available free of charge.
The directive on the re-use of public sector information was promulgated on November 17th, 2003 and had to be transposed into national legislation by the Member States of the European Union by July 1st, 2005. Until now, 17 of the 25 countries have implemented regulations on re-use. This may be quite problematic, considering the fact that the first evaluation of the impact of the directive should be done in the summer of 2008.
General principles of the directive
The directive deals with both commercial and non-commercial re-use (e.g. by non-profit organizations), but its main target group was the information industry. Re-use is defined as any use that is made of documents held by the public sector, for commercial or non-commercial purposes, other than the original purpose within the public task for which they were produced. Exchange of documents between public sector bodies for the purpose of performing their public tasks is not considered re-use. We assume that this also implies that the use of a document by the public sector body that produced it for a different purpose within the public task, also does not constitute re-use, even though the directive does not mention it.
A number of categories of documents and public sector bodies are excluded from the field of application of the directive. The directive does not apply to documents held by cultural establishments, educational and research establishments, and by public broadcasters. These government agencies felt that their financial viability would be endangered by the directive, as most of them are required to provide for at least a part of their own funding by selling their information (e.g. museums and archives selling books, posters, etc.). Also excluded are documents the supply of which is an activity falling outside the scope of the public task, i.e. commercial services that are offered on the market in competition with the private sector, and documents to which third parties hold the intellectual property rights. Note that the directive does not exclude documents that are subject to the intellectual property rights of the public sector bodies themselves. It even states in its recitals that the public sector bodies should exercise their rights in a way that facilitates re-use. A next set of documents that is excluded, are the documents that are not accessible under national freedom of information or access legislation. This is only logical: if a document isn't available to the citizen for access, of course it cannot be available for re-use.
The directive on re-use does not contain any obligation for the Member States or the public sector bodies to make their documents available for re-use. It merely states that if they do decide to allow re-use, they have to do so according to the conditions imposed in the directive. However, the public sector body cannot allow re-use for one purpose, and refuse it for another. It is for instance not possible to allow re-use by non-profit organizations, while refusing to make the documents available to companies with commercial plans. This also entails that if a public sector uses its documents for any other purpose than its public task purposes, it has to make those documents available to any other party requesting them. For instance, if a local authority uses its geographic data to create cycling or walking routes and sell them to tourists, it will also have to make the underlying data available to any commercial company asking for it--at least if we consider such an activity to be outside of the public task. So, even if the directive does not contain an actual obligation for the Member States, its impact may be bigger than one would assume at first sight.
The directive includes a number of conditions that the public sector bodies have to comply with when making their information available for re-use. It concerns time limits, communication of the grounds of refusal of a request, references to means of redress, transparency, etc.
The section of the directive that is the most interesting in the context of this paper, deals with charging and pricing. The directive leaves a wide margin to the member states as to the remuneration they can require for making their documents available for re-use. According to article 6 of the directive "Where charges are made, the total income from supplying and allowing re-use of documents shall not exceed the cost of collection, production, reproduction and dissemination, together with a reasonable return on investment. Charges should be cost-oriented over the appropriate accounting period and calculated in line with the accounting principles applicable to the public sector bodies involved". This section was one of the main breaking points of the directive, as many public sector bodies worried about their financial viability if they would have to offer their documents at marginal cost. The European Parliament tried to introduce the free of charge availability of some documents--so-called information of the democratic constitutional states, which included at least texts of legislation and regulations, judicial decisions and the information of representative bodies (e.g. parliamentary information)--but this was not accepted by the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, as the issue here was access of the citizens to these documents rather than re-use. However, the directive states explicitly that free of charge availability of public sector documents is always as possibility, and it encourages dissemination at marginal cost: "The public sector bodies should have the possibility of applying lower charges or of not charging at all, and Member States should encourage public sector bodies to make documents available at charges that do not exceed the marginal costs for reproducing and disseminating the documents".
With such a broad statement on the charges for re-use of public sector information, the directive may not reach its goal of harmonization. However, its great merit is that it requires the Member States and the public sector bodies to be transparent about their conditions for re-use, as often the complaints of the private sector appeared to be not so much directed towards the price of the data they wanted to obtain as to the lack of clarity of the conditions for re-use in general.
The directive on re-use of public sector information has not even been fully transposed in all of the Member States, and yet the next regulations on public sector data exchange are already on their way. As was mentioned before, the two sections that are the subject of most of the debates are the access of the citizen to network services offered by the public authorities, and the data sharing for public task purposes between the public authorities within a Member State and between Member States.
The INSPIRE draft directive is only directed at a limited number of categories of information. The list includes coordinate reference systems, administrative units, transport networks, hydrography, elevation, cadastral parcels, statistical units, geology, land use, meteorological geographical features, etc., ...(European Commission 2004). The purpose of the directive is twofold: on the one hand, it intends to ensure access of the citizen to the INSPIRE data, and on the other hand, it addresses the sharing of data between public authorities for performing their public tasks (Janssen 2005).
In principle, the INSPIRE directive should be without prejudice to the directive on access to environmental information and to the PSI directive. After all, they were supposed to deal with three different issues: the directive on environmental information dealt with access of the citizen, the PSI directive with re-use of the information for other purposes than the public task, and INSPIRE with data sharing for the performance of public tasks. However, since the INSPIRE directive also addresses access of the citizens to network services offered by the public authorities, the discussion on intellectual property rights and the possibility of imposing charges for the access of the citizens has reared its head again.
Under INSPIRE, public authorities would have to offer several types of network services to the citizens, such as discovery services, view services, download services and transformation services. Access to these services could be limited for a number of reasons, such as public security, the confidentiality of personal data or the course of justice. Should intellectual property also be included as a possible reason to limit public access to spatial data? According to the Council of Ministers this should be the case, while the European Commission and the European Parliament believe otherwise. The most important reasons for the concerns of the Council of Ministers--or rather of the government agencies that are advising their national representatives in the Council--are the lack of control they have over what happens with the data once they are made available to the citizens, and the necessity for some of the agencies to obtain revenues from selling their data and services. In our opinion, these reasons are not enough to limit or even deny the citizens access to documents that are of interest to them in order to fully benefit from their democratic rights. There are other, less intrusive manners to protect the interests of the public agencies, such as the use of digital rights management (DRM). DRM cannot only be used to restrict the availability of information, but also for managing and marketing digital content (INDICARE 2004). The use of DRM would make it possible to enforce certain conditions on the subsequent use of the spatial data, while still enabling the citizen to gain knowledge.
However, this still leaves the question whether access to spatial data can be charged for, other than the cost of the supply of a copy of the requested document. According to the Council of Ministers, not only downloading spatial data should be charged for, but also examining the data through a view service (Council of Ministers 2006). In our opinion, it seems too far-reaching to charge the citizen for only taking a look at data without getting his own copy of the data. This might even be counterproductive for the goal of the government agencies to guarantee their funding. If the citizen cannot even access a service without paying for it, he will be less inclined to use it, while on the other hand, if he finds data that is interesting to him through the view services, he might be more inclined to pay for obtaining his own copy through a download service.
A similar debate has been held on the charges for sharing spatial data between public authorities for the purpose of performing their public tasks with an impact on the environment. The Council of Ministers wants the public authorities to be able to license and require payment for sharing data with other public bodies, without mentioning any price limits. This would create a strange situation where public authorities would be able to charge whatever they pleased for sharing their data with other public authorities, but would be restricted to a reasonable return on investment for delivering the data to the private sector. Of course this does not necessarily mean that data sharing will cost more than re-use, but legally it would be possible.
This paper only provides a short introduction to some of the issues that are troubling the European policy makers developing a European spatial data infrastructure. In essence, the issues can be reduced to one: how do we reconcile the availability of spatial data for public authorities, industry and the citizens with the financial viability of the public spatial data producers? One of the biggest complaints about INSPIRE in this respect addresses the lack of knowledge on the costs and benefits of a European SDI, and whether or not the SDI might be sustainable under the models that the European Union authorities are proposing (Longhorn and Blakemore 2004).
Before introducing the INSPIRE draft directive, the European Commission made an extended impact assessment in order to estimate the effect of the proposal in its economic, social and environmental dimensions (European Commission 2003). The impact assessment showed that there was a lack of research and hence knowledge on the costs and benefits of SDI (Craglia and Johnston 2004). A significant increase in research on the impact of a European SDI is needed, and this research should be used as input for the development of an appropriate legal framework that can be based on more than guesses whether or not and in how far the availability--free of charge or not--will benefit the economy and society in general.
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Katleen Janssen
Interdisciplinary Centre for Law and ICT (ICRI)
Leuven, Belgium
+ 32 16 325263
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text:
Kagome's friends each face difficult challenges as Naraku intensifies his efforts to gain complete control of the shards of the Shikon Jewel. Kohaku struggles to free himself from Naraku's grip, but doing so means facing up to the terrible deeds of his past. Then, while Inuyasha battles one enemy after another in his search to gain mastery over the heirloom blade Tetsusaiga, Kagome confronts Tsubaki, yet another pawn of Naraku's and one that may poison her soul.
Even Naraku's servants scheme against him when Kagura tries to bring Koga into an attempt to free herself from Naraku's control. The coming of the new moon risks exposing Inuyasha's secret - how much has Kagura seen?
This omnibus "big" edition collects Inu Yasha volumes 19-21.
Story and art by Rumiko Takahashi.
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Small Town Spotlight: Watertown, South Dakota
Friday, July 11, 2014
Explore the beautiful Glacier Lakes region and the area's most popular attractions when you stay at the Country Inn & Suites By Carlson, Watertown in South Dakota. This hotel is ideally located near great attractions, such as Lake Kampeska, Bramble Park Zoo, and the Redlin Art Center. Watertown may be considered a small town, but […]
Continue reading: Small Town Spotlight: Watertown, South Dakota
Best Places to See Summer Fireworks
Tuesday, July 1, 2014
Summer is simply incomplete without some fun-in-the-sun essentials, like barbecues, boating, and baseball. One of the most time-honored traditions is watching festive fireworks on a warm summer's night. Check out these cities that really know how to light up the evening with spectacular shows set to fun music and amazing views. The Navy Pier in […]
Continue reading: Best Places to See Summer Fireworks
Five Exciting Train Rides to Take This Summer
Thursday, June 19, 2014
You've probably traveled by car, plane, and maybe even by boat, but have you explored the countryside by train? You can see some of the most scenic areas of America through a large train window. Your trip can even be planned around destinations and themes for a truly unique experience. We've found five exciting train […]
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how do i do this?
Select an object in c4d,right click apply tag>external composit tag to it.in the render option check the box external compositing,after effects.save.Cinema will generate an .aec file.open ae,import the aec file.there will be a camera,and a null .the null is the c4d object previously taged,and camera will have key frames data of c4d.It is not easy for me and my english to explain that in 6 lines, but in real world it is very easy.if you want i set up a 5 minutes video 4 you .
baf2681 my friend, check out this topic , there´s a nice script that exports camera data from c4d into ae, and without the rotation that usually comes up when you do it the normal way with comp tags
hops sorry i thought it was "Export camera data from C4d into AE" and not export data from After Effects to Cinema 4D
thanks. ill give it a try.
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fitch anint know walk i the park but i do think my bro GSP will win
Georges St. Pierre will take on Jon fitch at UFC 87 "Seek and Destroy" on August 9 from the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
TG "Sherdog"
fitch anint know walk i the park but i do think my bro GSP will win
fitch is tough and might be the 2nd best ww out there but gsp already out wrestled the best wrestlers out there so i don't see fitch bringing anything gsp has not beat aready.
I think Fitch is a big and strong WW. His last fight kind of showed me that he is happy getting dominant positions and banging out points, a lot like Sherk. I hope he can get a more agressive fight game and try to finish opponents more, looking for the ground and pound and submissions. But my money is going to be on GSP for this one.
For me, the only thing we can hope for is that Fitch give GSP a harder fight. I'm not taking away anything from his previous openents but GSP just grew in to this kind of fighter that almost nobody in WW can match him.


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Latinos take on bigger role in Obama inauguration
Organizers planned a series of symposiums, dinners and events ahead of the inauguration to keep people talking about issues that matter to Latinos, from immigration reform to building a Latino history museum on the National Mall. Munoz led a presidential commission that called on Congress in 2011 to authorize such a museum within the Smithsonian Institution, but Congress has not yet passed such a bill.
Munoz said it's important to keep Latinos engaged through the inauguration and beyond.
"Our work is not done. It doesn't end," he said. "We have a tendency to look at this phenomenon as ending on Election Day, when the reality is now it's time to get to work."
Longoria said this is her first inauguration. She has taken on a new role as political advocate since her days on "Desperate Housewives," pushing for a Latino history museum in Washington and raising funds for Obama's re-election.
Even though this is Obama's second inauguration, Longoria said there is still much to celebrate, including Sotomayor's role swearing in the vice president.
"There's something special about seeing a president recommit himself to the people of this great nation," she said before the show.
Longoria said she hopes to help influence policies, including immigration reform, and hopes Obama will make that his top priority as an economic issue. She called the Latino fundraising effort for the president a historic turning point.
"I think we have a permanent seat at the table, and now we're going to be able to have influence on what affects our communities," Longoria said. "I take civic responsibility very seriously, and I want to do what I can to help my country."
Follow Brett Zongker at https://twitter.com/DCArtBeat
The Associated Press


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What items on Congressional schedule could impact feds?
Wednesday - 9/7/2011, 10:51am EDT
Congress is back in town, and that means many issues are being taken up that could have a major impact on federal workers.
From the deficit cutting "super committee" and the 2012 fiscal year budget to the FAA authorization bill — there's a lot to keep track of.
Erik Wasson, a staff writer for The Hill newspaper, joined the Federal Drive to discuss what the Congressional initiatives and wrangling could mean for federal employees.


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Discussions about funding next-generation broadband have focused on state intervention and private investment, but there are other ways of moving things forward, says Malcolm Corbett.
The Digital Economy Bill continues its stately passage through parliament, with most of the argument about broadband centred on three issues: the 2Mbps fix for notspots; the proposed 50p-per-month tax on fixed lines to support next-generation rollout; and provisions to tackle file-sharing.
On the first two issues the political dividing lines between the main parties have been clear — at least until recently. Unsurprisingly, the 2Mbps basic service has been castigated as too limited an ambition by the Conservatives and many others.
Policy shifts
To support next-generation broadband, the government favours the telephone tax. The Tories oppose this approach and instead favour opening up BT's infrastructure and encouraging local councils to do more. But Tory policy seems to be shifting.
Shadow chancellor George Osborne has announced plans to use some of the BBC licence fee to fund rollout — the proportion that is presently spent on the digital switchover. It's a tax, just a different sort of tax.
Those of us keen to see the fastest possible deployment of next-generation broadband welcome any moves that create investment and help make the case.
BT says that reaching beyond the 60 percent or so of the population deemed commercially do-able is hard work using current funding models. Similarly Virgin Media, while making the running in advertising high-speed broadband, is fixed to its current 50 percent footprint with limited extensions.
Halfway house
Even where investment is taking place, many argue that the preferred fibre-to-the-cabinet (FTTC) solution is at best a halfway house, and that the emphasis should be on full fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) deployment.
Indeed, cities such as Manchester regard current commercial plans as so sub-optimal that, in January, the Manchester Digital Development Agency announced the award of a contract to fibre company Geo to provide FTTP in the Oxford Road area of the city.
But is the argument about the limits of private investment and state funding the only way forward? Is there something that we as citizens in our own communities can do to change the dynamics?
Many have been inspired by the OnsNet project in the market town of Nuenen in the Netherlands. There, the local community organised themselves and formed a co-operative to build a new fibre network in the town. An intelligent approach to community engagement plus local ownership achieved very high levels of take-up. By adding limited public subsidy and long-term private investment, the project stacked up financially and the network was built.
Utility-style broadband
OnsNet has been so successful that Dutch incumbent KPN is experimenting with the model in different towns and cities. They are not alone; community engagement has long been used in Scandinavian countries to improve the case for utility-style broadband investment.
Can a similar approach have an impact here in the UK? Companies such as H2O Networks and Geo base their plans on long-term investment models. Innovative schemes in the public sector such as the Digital Region in South Yorkshire...


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Netflix Drives Into a Ditch
October 17, 2014
Netflix stock closed Friday at $357, up slightly from the depths it plummeted to earlier this week. Shares fell almost 25 percent in premarket trading on Thursday -- more than $110 a share -- to $338. The plunge followed news of weak subscriber growth in its third quarter. Netflix reported $1.2 billion in Q3 revenue, which was up 38 percent from the same period a year prior.
Netflix Falls in Punch-Drunk Love With Adam Sandler
October 2, 2014
Netflix on Thursday announced that it will be the exclusive home for four original feature films starring Adam Sandler. Netflix will work with Sandler's Happy Madison Productions to develop the films and premiere them exclusively on its service. "This is an interesting development and one that demonstrates that Netflix hasn't forgotten its movie roots," said IDC analyst Greg Ireland.
Gadget Ogling: Smart Wine, Wooly Sound and a Clever Light Bulb
September 27, 2014
I give LG a little flak for constantly releasing new smartphones, but here's one with a twist. LG is pegging the Wine Smart as its first flip-style smartphone. Yes, the compact style is back, only this time its fuel is Android, instead of whatever arcane OS manufacturers might dream up. I suspect this is more about style than function, outside of a dedicated button for opening an IM app.
Amazon Takes a Leap of Faith With 'Transparent'
September 26, 2014
With the launch on Friday of its latest original series, Transparent, Amazon may be signaling its intention to challenge Netflix in the streaming video market. Amazon already has earned praise for its original programming, but it hasn't reached the critical or audience success of Netflix offerings such as House of Cards or Orange Is the New Black.
Comcast Blasts TWC Merger Foes
September 25, 2014
Comcast on Tuesday lashed out at critics of its $45.2 billion bid for TWC, accusing Discovery Communications of making "extortionate demands." Netflix also drew Comcast's ire. The proposed merger is in the public interest, Comcast maintained. "It is not extortion to demand that Comcast provide its own customers the broadband speeds they've paid for," said Netflix spokesperson Cliff Edwards.
Will the Beats Go On?
September 23, 2014
Apple appears to be planning changes for the Beats Music streaming service, following its $3 billion acquisition of Beats Electronics in May. Information from sources supposedly in the know indicated the company was planning to discontinue the service, according to one report, but Apple indicated the rumor was "not true." It's possible that Apple is planning to rebrand the service, however.
Sony's PlayStation TV Could Be a Busy Little Gadget
September 22, 2014
Sony Computer Entertainment on Monday confirmed that nearly 700 games will be available for its PlayStation TV system when it launches in North America on Oct. 14. They will include popular and classic franchises such as Killzone: Mercenary, Final Fantasy, Twisted Metal and Metal Gear Solid. The PS TV is a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita.
Harmony Takes Control of Home Sweet Automated Home
September 18, 2014
Logitech has announced four new products for the smart home in its Harmony family that let users control TVs, set-top boxes, speakers, lighting, thermostats, door locks, window shades and more. Users can trigger activities such as dimming the house lights in several ways: by pressing a button on their remote; passing a sensor; using the Harmony mobile app; or by setting up an automatic schedule.
Nintendo Blows Some Minds With Hyrule Warriors
September 17, 2014
Nintendo's Hyrule Warriors, which was released in Japan last month and will arrive in North America on Sept. 26, is a very different kind of game. Nintendo called in help from two outside studios: Team Ninja; and Omega Force, the creators of Dynasty Warriors. The result is a game that looks a lot like The Legend of Zelda but doesn't play like it at all.
Destiny Teams Race to Vault of Glass Finish Line
September 16, 2014
Bungie's second special Destiny event, dubbed "Vault of Glass," went live early Tuesday. Bungie calls it "the most elaborate mission" it has ever created. Only gamers who have reached Level 26 will qualify. Attempts to complete the Raid are being streamed live on Twitch. After months of hype and anticipation, Destiny, the latest video game from Bungie, finally arrived last week.
Minecraft May Help Microsoft Build Its Mobile Strategy
September 15, 2014
Microsoft on Monday announced it has agreed to acquire Mojang, the software developer that created the popular Minecraft video game. Although it's subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory review, the deal is expected to be finalized by the end of this year. Microsoft will pay $2.5 billion for Mojang and gain full control of the iconic Minecraft franchise.
Verizon May Launch Have-It-Your-Way Internet TV
September 12, 2014
Verizon in the first half of next year will launch an Internet TV service that offers a selection of custom channels as well as a bundle of content from the Big Four networks, according to reports. Represented in the mobile-minded bundle will be not only content from ABC, CBS, Fox and NBC, but also millennials-focused programming from DreamWorks Animation's Awesomeness TV.
Will Ferrell Calls On Gamers to Launch Cancer Assault
September 10, 2014
Comedian Will Ferrell on Wednesday announced an effort to battle cancer by giving gamers a chance to participate in a two-hour gaming event with him. The Indiegogo initiative aims to raise $375,000 for nonprofit organizations Cancer for College and DonateGames, by asking gamers to contribute at least $10. One randomly selected giver will win the opportunity to play games with Ferrell on Oct. 26.
Apple Brings It
September 9, 2014
Apple on Tuesday rebuilt its iPhone foundation by introducing two new models with Retina HD displays: the iPhone 6 at 4.5 inches, and the iPhone 6 Plus at 5.5 inches. It launched Apple Pay, which promises to become the catalyst NFC mobile payment technology needs to become mainstream. Plus, it introduced the drool-worthy Apple Watch in two sizes, three style collections, and six choices of straps.
TiVo Mega Unabashedly Flaunts Its Enormity
September 8, 2014
TiVo pulled out all the stops at this year's CEDIA show, which typically features the biggest and flashiest new offerings in the world of home theater. Fifteen years after pioneering the DVR space, the company on Monday announced the TiVo Mega, which boasts 24 terabytes of recording space -- enough to store more than 26,000 hours of standard definition or 4,000 hours of high-definition video.
Americans Mad as Hell Over Proposed Net Neutrality Rules
September 4, 2014
More than 99 percent of the 800,000 or so comments on Net neutrality the FCC released last month were in favor of an open Internet, according to the Sunlight Foundation's analysis of the comments. At least 60 percent of the comments, or more than 484,000, were form letters written by organized campaigns, although that is a lower percentage than is common for high-volume regulatory issues.
Now Netflix Members Can Pick Which Friends Can See Their Picks
September 3, 2014
Recommending movies and TV shows you've watched on Netflix to individual Facebook friends just got easier. The company on Tuesday launched a new social recommendation feature that lets users pick and choose the contacts they'd like to interact with after viewing a video. "It makes more sense that way," Jan Dawson, chief analyst with Jackdaw Research.
A Big Honking iPad Could Roll Right Over Apple's Speed Bump
August 27, 2014
While the Microsoft Surface Pro 3 is working to establish itself as the perfect tweener device between tablet and laptop, one hot rumor suggests that Apple's answer for more working space on an iPad will come in the form of a bigger screen -- 12.9 inches of touch-sensitive glory. The rumor comes from Bloomberg, which vaguely cited "people with knowledge of the matter."
Amazon Pulls a Twitch on Google
August 25, 2014
Amazon has inked a deal to acquire Twitch Interactive, a real-time video platform for gamers. Prior to the disclosure, rumors had been building that it was on track to snatch Twitch from Google, which reportedly had been very close to buying it. The pending acquisition was rumored to be for upwards of $1 billion. However, Amazon said it was buying the company for $970 million cash.
SoundCloud to Run Ads, Share the Loot
August 22, 2014
SoundCloud on Thursday launched On SoundCloud, a program that will facilitate advertising on the site. Membership initially is by invitation only; SoundCloud will roll it out to a select number of artists. It later plans to bring on more advertisers and make the program available to the general membership. The announcement sparked a mixed response. "Really dude?" wrote "creator 1,000,001. "Ads?"
Hack Day Produces Oculix, a Mind-Blowing Trip Through the Netflix Catalog
August 21, 2014
A team of Netflix programmers merged the company's videos with the virtual reality capability offered by the Oculus Rift headset as a fun project on Netflix Hack Day. The Oculix media app lets users browse a floating 3D Netflix video catalog using head turning movements and hand gestures. Once a selection is made, the user can watch the video in a VR theater setting.
The New Golden Age of TV
August 15, 2014
Over the top, or OTT, video-streaming service Netflix has been doing something right. Netflix snagged 15 prime-time Emmy nominations for its original series, including best drama for House of Cards and best comedy for Orange Is the New Black. The company launched in 1997 as a DVD-by-mail service and successfully transitioned into becoming the leading online video service.
Vevo Music Videos Get Pinned
August 14, 2014
Pinterest said Wednesday that it has signed a deal that will allow users to create boards that include their favorite Vevo music videos. They now will be able to share, search for and watch Vevo videos on Pinterest, as well as pin videos to Pinterest straight from Vevo.com or the Vevo iOS app. The move is an indication that Pinterest is serious about providing a broader social platform.
PlayStation Now Hints at Bright Game-Streaming Future
July 31, 2014
Sony's PlayStation Now has entered open beta, making it available for the first time to all PlayStation 4 owners in the U.S. and Canada. The game-streaming service had been in a private beta period since January. PS4 users now can choose from more than 100 titles for rental periods from four hours to 90 days. Pricing ranges from $2.99 to $19.99, with a $1.99 option coming in a few weeks.
See More Articles in Online Entertainment Section >>


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Real Madrid attacker Julio Baptista has rejected a move to AC Milan.
"I am flattered that such a big club is interested in me and might want to sign me, but I am a Real Madrid player and want to win here," Baptista told Marca.
"There is absolutely no chance that I will join another club.
"I have always said that I wanted to stay here to win. I spoke to new Real Coach Bernd Schuster and, although what we said is private, we clarified several issues and everything is fine.
"I believe they are counting on me, although the squad has yet to be clarified. In any case, things have been sorted out between myself and the club."


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UCSF Children's Hospital Doctors Turn 3-Year-Old Boy Radioactive To Treat Deadly Neuroblastoma
A San Jose boy named Noah is at his home with his family in San Jose, after doctors turned him radioactive. It sounds like science fiction, but this special treatment may be the only thing saving his life.
UC Berkeley Researchers Study Kelp For Possible Radiation From Japan Fukushima Plant
The project "Kelp Watch 2014″ hopes to determine the extent of radioactive contamination of the state's kelp forest from the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster in 2011.
Internet Postings Stoke Bay Area Fears Of Nuclear Radiation Fallout From Japan Fukushima Disaster
The fears of fallout from the Japan's Fukushima nuclear plan disaster are spiraling on the Internet and in the Bay Area.
Video Sparks Japan Radiation Fears At Bay Area Beach
Health officials are investigating radiation levels along the San Mateo County coast after a video surfaced online showing Geiger counter readings five times higher than normal at a Pacifica Beach.
State Finds Radioactive Waste In Richmond Landfill
Experts with the state have found radioactive waste inside a Richmond landfill near a popular trail. Residents who live nearby told KPIX 5 that the state is not doing enough to fix the problem.
Sen. Boxer Wants Probe Of San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant
California Sen. Barbara Boxer wants the Justice Department to investigate if the operator of the troubled San Onofre nuclear power plant intentionally misled federal regulators.
San Francisco Gives Up Battle For Cell Phone Radiation Labels
San Francisco appears to be giving up its battle for an ordinance that would require retailers to warn customers about cellphone radiation and its health effects.
SF Supes Faced With Tough Decision Over Fate Of Cell Phone Disclosure Law
The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is poised Tuesday to make a decision about its ongoing defense of the city's cell phone disclosure law.
Helicopter To Measure Bay Area Radiation Levels From The Sky
A helicopter may be seen flying at low-level altitudes over parts of San Francisco, Pacifica and Oakland this week, but authorities said the public shouldn't be alarmed.
San Francisco Cell Phone Labeling Ruling Could Have Far Reaching Effects
A Federal Appeals Court judge in San Francisco was set to hear arguments Thursday in a long-simmering legal battle between the city and the wireless industry.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
38 year old man | Industry, PA, USA | Seeking women 30-40 within 50 miles
Hi I'm Joe I live with my parents on a small farm in Industry, PA. When not working at my job (Steady split shift, 11:00am-7:30pm with weekends off) I am helping my parents and grand parents take care of the family farm. I am currently saving up for my own home but I will always remain close with my family. I am kind, caring, honest, intelligent, hard working, loyal and have a good, sarcastic sense of humor. I am Catholic and possess beliefs, values and a strong moral fiber I will not compromise for anyone. Love, compromise, trust, patience, loyalty and respect are the major keys to any good relationship and I will always show these to my partner and I will expect her to do the same. I have several interests including target shooting, restoring classic cars, buying and selling classic cars and parts, carpentry, metal work and collecting. I am not very into sports other than professional drag racing, dirt track racing, Indy Car/Formula One and sometimes NASCAR. I don't mind going to the occasional Steelers or Pens games but I don't need to go every week or sit in front of the tv watching the games. I would rather go to a NHRA event than to a Steelers game. I also enjoy walking in the woods in the summer and to travel and I hope to find someone who enjoys these things as well. I am looking for a kind, honest, caring , intelligent girl that shares my values and morals. Someone who has a great sense of humor is a must. Someone who shares some of my interests would be great but as long as they respect my interests that will work as well. Good communication is a must.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Political interests , Shopping/Antiques , Volunteering , Watching sports
Billiards / Pool, Other types of exercise, Walking / Hiking
I don't exercise regularly.
I have Cats, Dogs
My dog is Maggie Mae and the cat is Ziggie
Middle of the Road
I like to travel and I have been down south a few times to visit family and to Minnesota twice to visit friends. I want to go to Australia before I croak!
La Roche College, Pittsburgh, PA
My favorite color is blue. I like action, suspense, mystery, crime and animated movies and TV series. My favorite food is Italian. The Walking Dead, Sons of Anarchy, Burn Notice and Hell on Wheels are a few of my favorite shows.
I enjoy listening to Rock and Roll, Blues and Southern Rock. I spend the summer going to car shows and cruises as well as the occasional concert. I am currently restoring 2 classic cars and I buy and sell used Mopar parts on the internet.
Well the last book I read was Without Remorse by Tom Clansy. It was at least the 3rd time I had read this book. It is very good!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'4" (162cms) to 6'0" (182cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Curvy
|No preference
|Dark blonde
|Auburn / Red, Dark brown, Blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Other profession
|No preference
I work for a local electrical firm performing manufacturing duties in assembly groups within the company performing assembly, troubleshooting and shipping tasks.
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
I am your typical Heinz 57 Pittsburgher! I am Scotch/Irish, English, German and Slovac. I am mostly German and Slovac.
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
I am a member of the Saint Vincent De Paul Society through my church.
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Bachelors degree
I have a Bachelors of Science degree from LaRoche College in Communication Design. Along with 3 technical certificates.


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Okay I finally had a chance to do the label tutorial and below is the result of that. There was an issue though that I imagine was the result of how the lighting was achieved. Besically the colors in the texture for the label got washed out. The little pharmacy icon in the top left corner should be orange not grey. Also the store name of Hulk-Mart was green and there are also some yellow boxes behind the prescription number and where it says no refills Dr. must authorize, that don't show up. Ive also included the texture I used for the label so you can see what it was supposed to look like.
Another odd thing was that I did things exactly as described in the tutorial for the label with the only difference being that I used photshop instead of paintshop. In the material editor everything looked fine as I set it up but the text on the label wasn't showing up. Now in the past when I've used masks I've always had them on a seperate channel from the texture. Now also in the past when I've two things on one channel it's been with bump maps. Instead of using a seperate bump map though I've always just used the texture as the bump map in the texture source editor by copying the texture on the left and pasting it in the spot in the middle to get the desired result on the right. So I tried that for my label and it worked and the text showed up but it shouldn't be that way should it?
I think I know exactly what has happened here, post me the file and I will fix it for you - and in the process I will explain. It is easier if I show you with your own file.
Looks like I solved it myself, all I needed to do was place a blob next to where you adjust the ambient and the color showed up, I'd show you a picture but I just started the render so you'll have to wait until tomorrow afternoon


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Taking care of yourself when you have
diabetes is challenging. If you also have poor eyesight, you will want to take
extra care to control your diabetes, especially your blood sugar levels. With
time and practice, your new routines for diabetes care will become natural to
Take charge of your diabetes care by making a few small
changes to your routine. Organize and label your supplies, ask for help when
you need it, and keep your blood sugar in a target range.
There are
several simple things you can do that will allow you to continue to care for
yourself. For example, you can use felt-tip markers to label your medicines and
record your blood sugar results. Felt-tip markers make a bolder print that is
easier to see.
There are also many vision aids that are specially
made for people with diabetes who have poor vision, such as magnifiers that
enlarge the unit markings on syringes.
Which of the following will aid my vision so that I
can continue my diabetes care?
You can use felt-tip markers to label your
medicines. The bolder print of the marker can help you identify your
Using a light pencil to record your blood sugar
levels will make them hard to see if your vision is poor. You can use felt-tip
markers to record your levels and to label your medicines. The bolder print of
the marker will also help you identify your medicines.
Continue to Why?
The results of long-term studies show that keeping blood sugar levels as close
to target range as possible reduces the risk of the development and progression of
Keep your blood sugar
near target range by eating a diet that spreads carbohydrate
throughout the day, monitoring your blood sugar levels, getting regular
physical activity, and taking
insulin or medicines for
type 2 diabetes if prescribed. One study found that
teens who kept their blood sugar levels near target range reduced their risk for
diabetic retinopathy and reduced kidney damage during young
Keeping my blood sugar near target range will help reduce
the risk of the development and progression of retinopathy.
Controlling your blood sugar is one of the most
important things you can do to prevent vision loss from diabetic
In fact, controlling your blood sugar is one of
the most important things you can do to prevent vision loss from diabetic
Continue to How?
A few simple organizing and labeling tricks may be all that you need to
adapt your daily diabetes tasks for your remaining vision. If these things are
not enough for you to continue most or all of your diabetes care, you can
choose from several available
vision aids for people with diabetes who have limited
Use the suggestions below to make the best use of your
reduced vision.
These general principles can
enhance your remaining vision to help you continue all your diabetes care
Here are some
simple, inexpensive organizing and labeling tricks you can use.
Although your
eyesight may fluctuate from day to day, low-vision aids can help you use your
remaining vision to its full potential. A low-vision aid is any tool that helps
your remaining vision. There are many vision aids specifically for diabetes
care, and a different one may be needed for different tasks.
low-vision aids that may be helpful for you include:
Some simple ways I can make use of my remaining vision
Using felt-tip markers to label your medicine
bottles is one simple way you can make use of your remaining vision. Felt-tip
markers can be used to label medicines and record blood sugar results. Felt-tip
markers come in different thicknesses. Choose the thickness that best helps you
to see. All answers are correct.
Using a large-print form to keep your blood
sugar records is one simple way you can make use of your remaining vision. The
actual size of what's called "large print" varies. Choose the print size that
works best for you. Choose an available record booklet or make one on the
computer or by hand on a sheet of paper. All answers are correct.
Organizing your medicines alphabetically is one
simple way you can make use of your remaining vision. This will help you easily
locate each medicine. A daily, weekly, or monthly medicine organizer may be
helpful for organizing your daily doses, but be sure you get one with large
enough print. All answers are correct.
Low-vision aids designed for use in diabetes care can
help me continue to test my blood sugar levels and do other tasks related to my
Low-vision aids designed for use in diabetes
care can help you continue to test your blood sugar levels and do other tasks
related to your care. Although your eyesight may fluctuate from day to day,
low-vision aids can help you use your remaining vision to its full potential. A
low-vision aid is any tool that helps you use your remaining vision. There are
many vision aids that help with diabetes care, and a different one may be
needed for different tasks.
Continue to Where?
Now that you have read
this information, you are ready to find ways to enhance your eyesight so that
you can continue your daily diabetes care.
Talk with your diabetes specialist (doctor, registered dietitian, or certified diabetes educator)
If you have questions about this
information, take it with you when you visit your diabetes specialist. You may
want to mark areas or make notes in the margins of the pages where you have
If you need help finding vision aids, talk with your
diabetes specialist about having a low-vision evaluation by a low-vision
specialist. A low-vision specialist can help you find out which aids will
enhance your remaining vision.
If you would like more information about diabetes-related
vision problems and low-vision enhancements, the following resources are
The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) is an association of
medical eye doctors. It provides general information and brochures on eye
conditions and diseases and low-vision resources and services. The AAO is not
able to answer questions about specific medical problems or conditions.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) is a national organization
for health professionals and consumers. Almost every state has a local office.
ADA sets the standards for the care of people with diabetes. Its focus is on
research for the prevention and treatment of all types of diabetes. ADA
provides patient and professional education mainly through its publications,
which include the monthly magazine Diabetes Forecast,
books, brochures, cookbooks and meal planning guides, and pamphlets. ADA also
provides information for parents about caring for a child with diabetes.
Prevent Blindness America assists the visually impaired
and provides consumer information on vision problems and vision aids.
Its website has information about eye health and safety for children
and adults. Many states have local affiliates.
More information about diabetes can be found in these
Return to topic:
Diabetic Retinopathy
CitationsFong D, et al. (2004). Retinopathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27(Suppl 1): S84–S87.Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and
Complications (EDIC) Research Group (2001). Beneficial effects of intensive
therapy of diabetes during adolescence: Outcomes after the conclusion of the
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Journal of Pediatrics, 139(6): 804–812.
Last Revised:
March 22, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD, MD - Family Medicine & Carol L. Karp, MD - Ophthalmology & Christopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology
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Yadira's De La Garza Insurance Group, Inc. filed as a Domestic For-Profit Corporation in the State of Texas on Thursday, June 21, 2001 and is approximately fourteen years old, according to public records filed with Texas Secretary of State. The filing is currently active as of the last data refresh which occured on Friday, May 22, 2015.
Yadira Parker serves as the President
The registered agent for the company is Javier De La Garza. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Yadira's De La Garza Insurance Group, Inc.
Yadira D. Parker
|Filing Type:
|Domestic For-Profit Corporation
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Thursday, June 21, 2001
|Registered Agent
|Javier De La Garza
Comprehensive Insight Plus Report
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|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Yadira's De La Garza Insurance Group, Inc. combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
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|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Yadira's De La Garza Insurance Group, Inc..


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AILA Doc No. 13060700 | Dated June 7, 2013 | File Size: 1037 KDownload the Document
A report released by the Senate Judiciary Committee on the markup of S. 744 in May 2013.
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Cite as AILA Doc. No. 13060700.Open the Document
American Immigration Lawyers Association
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Copyright © 1993-2015
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Mutual co. is making a brand new music video for Sincerely, Iris. Read more
Funding Unsuccessful
This project's funding goal was not reached on November 16, 2011.
Mutual co. is making a brand new music video for Sincerely, Iris.
About this project
Mutual co. creates a music video for Sincerely, Iris.
Tyler M Reid and Charles Taylor Goubeaud join forces again to co-direct the new music video for Todd Murray's Sincerely Iris.
Who is Sincerely, Iris?Sincerely, Iris consists of singer/songwriter Todd Murray. He has a sound that can be summed up best as "road trip music." It's a style that's always changing, and always moving along. Whether it be gypsy-esque or like Kerouac's beat up old truck, shaking down the road at midnight, it is at once comforting, and somewhat unknown. Sincerely, Iris draws upon influences from Jeff Buckley all the way to Billie Holiday.
"More than just your garden–variety acoustic balladeer is Todd Murray, a recent arrival in the Hostess City from the midwest. Performing as Sincerely, Iris (yes, that's his stage name) Murray – isn't just a G–chord strummer. He writes thoughtful, interesting and melodic songs using open tunings and visionary fingerings. If you must, think of Jeff Buckley melancholia, Cat Power simplicity and the oblique dark–sky musings of mid–period Joni Mitchell... This is an artist to watch." Connect Savannah
A parody of the singer songwriter music video cliche
We are taking this genre and literally pushing it off a cliff. Instead of a happy go lucky music video where he would normally just sing and strum his guitar, Murray will be attacked by gangsters, run over and many other dangerous/hilarious activities.
Without giving away too much awesome information we will be utilizing underwater equipment around ten different locations, and a lot of physical special effects and props.
Sincerely, Iris will be joining us in Savannah, GA to help us make this happen. We are very excited to be involved with Todd Murray and excited to make an adventurous and funny music video with him. We are going to revitalize this genre and take you with us!
Money is the source
Music Videos are not free, however, with the great crew we have we can do it inexpensively but still look very professional. Every amount helps down to a $1. Our music videos would not be possible without your donations. We successfully shot Skyler Stonestreet's Holy Rollin music video as well as El Cantador with great support from fans on kickstarter and we hope to do the same here.
After every event and action Murray and his clothing and his body will get roughened up and beaten, which requires a bit of effects makeup and several wardrobe changes.
We have many many locations some of which will require expensive permits and hourly fees and supervisor charges.
Production Design and Props
Again to keep everything a surprise I won't tell you everything but there are some props that are on the pricey side that also need certain legal supervision. However we promise to use our funding responsibly and will find the least inexpensive route.
Extra Stuff
There are expenses we can plan for like, truck rentals, generator or extra lights. However, there are always many other items that don't come into play until the last minute but are important for us to have to make the music video possible. Some money will go to all that extra stuff.
We're Hungry!
Probably the most important part of the production is feeding our awesome crew. Without them none of this could really happen. They work hard and need to be well fed. Some of the money will go to feeding the great crew.
As we continue through this pre-production journey we will keep updating you and awesome information and other ways you can help out.
If you have any questions or are curious about some more information then e-mail us at email@example.com or check out our site. www.staymutual.com
Have a question? If the info above doesn't help, you can ask the project creator directly.
You selected
$5 reward
3 backers
Digital copies of the Music Video before release as well as "Behind the Scenes" photos to see where your money went! Keep you updated with emails.Estimated delivery:
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$10 reward
5 backers
A digital copy of a Sincerely, Iris song!
Plus a signature handwritten Sincerely Iris thank you note and photo.Estimated delivery:
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$25 reward
3 backers
40 online downloads!!! Perfect for your next road trip!Estimated delivery:
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$50 reward
4 backers Limited (96 left of 100)
Limited edition signed by Murray and crew DVD of music video, play it on your big screen and watch the glory happen! Keep it in your collection forever!Estimated delivery:
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There will be ALOT of destruction on set, and we will send you a prop that has been used and have Murray sign it and send it to you!Estimated delivery:
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One of the guitars used on set, signed sealed delivered to you!Estimated delivery:
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A signed slate from the official music video by the band as well as the crew. You will also receive a thank you song from the band specifically for you.Estimated delivery:
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VIP executive producer access on set in Savannah, GA. Hang out with our crew, tutorials on the equipment, lighting, etc. Have an idea? We will do our best to make it come true!Estimated delivery:
Funding period
- (34 days)


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I am partially with you on that. We have been going to gun shows and looking around a lot more than we ever have before. I am interested in an SKS but I was using my gun funds to upgrade my 500. Now I may switch over to get the SKS.
This is a discussion on Cigar budget transferred to Gun budget? within the Guns and Knives forums, part of the Everything But Cigars category; I was just curious if anyone else is holding off on cigars and putting that budget into firearms. With the ...
I was just curious if anyone else is holding off on cigars and putting that budget into firearms. With the threat of all the bans I transferred most of my cigar money (really any of my funds outside of bills and essentials) to getting what I could before I lost the freedom to get it. I used to go to my local at least once every three or four days and here lately I have been maybe twice in the last 4 weeks. The last time I stopped by I talked to the manager and he said he noticed some of his regulars had not been around lately. They had been busy with Christmas and everything, but some of the people who would come in a few times a week and only come in a few times lately. Of course I don't know why the others have not come in as much but I just wonder if it isn't concern over gun bans. Even my internet time has changed. I use to spend 90% of it on cigars and now it seems like I am spending 80% of my time looking at gun forums or researching laws and writing letters to Washington (that I am sure never gets read). Any one else in the same boat?
Bring me my battle pants!
I am partially with you on that. We have been going to gun shows and looking around a lot more than we ever have before. I am interested in an SKS but I was using my gun funds to upgrade my 500. Now I may switch over to get the SKS.
Here, have a cigar. Light it up and be somebody.
Not so much guns, yet for ammo and clips. I have enought guns and am somewhat cantent with them. The only few guns I'd like to have won't ever be banned, but the clips yes.
Not really i have enough firearms and rifles and ammo.
I guess my problem is I had just started getting ammo and such around everything happening and had nothing. I really hope I'm wrong and everything will be for not but with two gun control bills already going to the senate sometime this month I fear a lot of things will not be available. There is even a chance anything semi-auto or with a removable magazine will be out including handguns.
Bring me my battle pants!
I'm just glad I have two separate budgets. Well, three budgets if you include the drinking budget.
I'm also glad that I'm not chasing AR's or .223/5.56mm NATO ammo right now. Take it from someone in the industry, the firearm market has gone crazy and it isn't just the black gun market. Right now if it goes bang people will buy it if they can't find what they want.
I've been refraining from going to the gun store ever since the ban fever set in across the nation. I stocked up during the last election and told myself I wouldn't go into panic mode when the ball started to roll on the gun control bills. So far I've been able to stick with my plan however it is getting really tough to not go looking for the glock 20 I've always wanted but not really enough to buy it already.
I saw this coming after the colorado shooting so I kinda dumped my bank account before everything skyrocketed haha, as well as years of setting back ammo and mags. The only thing I'm working on now is a 300 blackout upper, which is 90% complete. Cigars are a new hobby for me because I can no longer afford to keep buying guns
My little brother wanted to make a few extra bucks so he went aground town looking for 22 lr. He ended up buying the only 4 boxes he could find. He paid $40 for all of them at wallyworld, then went home and put them on a local gun enthusiasts Facebook page. He said he would take offers until nine that night and then sell them to the highest one. 4 hours later he sold them for $75. It is definitely crazy out there. 9mm, 40 s&w, and 22lr are all a very rare thing to find locally.
Bring me my battle pants!
One nation under GOD indivisible with liberty and justice for all.
My Dad and I are thinking about buying a a case of .223. But we reload, so its not much of a big deal. We have enough heads, shells, powder & primers to last us for a while for our personal use.
I was offered $500 for a stripped AR lower last week. And I said no, but I have never sold a firearm related item that I got. Well, once, and that lower went to a good friend, his ser.# is one digit above mine.
Getting crazy out there!
I'll never actually post my gun collection online, but lets say its a respectable amount
I buy guns and cigars throughout the year. My budget allows me to do this and the wife really would appreciate it if I spent more money on guns rather then cigars. Her reasoning is that guns last forever, cigars about an hour and a half.
Not too much different on my end. I already had a good assortment of firearms to begin with. I picked up a Benelli M4 as a Christmas present for myself, but it had nothing to do with the current situation. I'd been wanting it for a good while anyway. I did have to do some searching to find a good supply of 3" 00-Buck, but managed to snag 50 rounds at a Walmart. I also reload, but not for shotgun.
My only knee-jerk purchase was yesterday when I ran across a couple of 20-round AR15 mags. $30 each for Pmags is kinda crazy but they seem to be like gold right now.


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Tasha's To Do List: March 26-29
Where inside or out, there are plenty of concerts, festivals, and family-friendly events happening in North Texas this weekend! Tasha Stevens brings you the best!
Pentatonix Performs Christmas Classic
Arlington-native group Pentatonix is out with its latest Christmas hit, an a cappella version of the holiday classic "Mary Did You Know?"
Tori Kelly, Pentatonix Team Up For Christmas Mash-Up
Pentatonix teamed up with singer and songwriter Tori Kelly to create an a cappella mash-up of "Winter Wonderland" and "Don't Worry Be Happy." Sound a little strange? It's not. It's incredible.
Pentatonix Releases Mashup 'La La Latch'
Arlington-native group Pentatonix is out with their latest a capella hit. "La La Latch" is a mashup of "Latch" by Disclosure and "La La La" by Naughty Boy.
Pentatonix Releases 'Ninja Turtles' Inspired Single
Inspired by the upcoming Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie, "We Are Ninjas" is the latest single released by the Arlington-native group Pentatonix.
Pentatonix Goes Futuristic With 'Love Again'
It's another hit from Pentatonix. In their latest video, 'Love Again', the quintet shows a different side, dressing in futuristic outfits for this electro-pop dance party.
New Pentatonix Video Will Make You 'Happy'
Arlington super group Pentatonix is at it again, this time mastering the a cappella version of Pharrell Williams' "Happy". Listen to it here!
Viral Video: "Say Something" By Pentatonix
Three days — and already over three million views. 'Say Something' is the latest hit performance from Arlington-native Pentatonix. Watch it here!
Viral Video: The Latest From Pentatonix
Arlington-native Pentatonix is out with their latest a cappella masterpiece, performing 'Run To You' in advance of their North American tour.
Viral Video: Pentatonix Sings To 5
Arlington-native Pentatonix makes counting and singing to five a beautiful and harmonious exercise. Watch their latest effort here.
Viral Video: Pentatonix Does Christmas
Pentatonix — the Arlington native a capella group — is at it again, this time performing a Christmas classic 'Angels We Have Heard on High'. Watch it here!
Viral Video: Pentatonix's "Little Drummer Boy"
The Arlington group Pentatonix is famous for their incredible a cappella performances. Now, the group is getting into the holiday spirit, performing "Little Drummer Boy."


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Russia strongly backs Annan's mission in Syria
He voiced hope the April 2 meeting of the so-called Friends of Syria group in Istanbul will help settle the crisis.
"We are planning to hold it with large participation and with the aim of finding a solution," Erdogan said.
Turkey has invited both Russia and China, which shunned the group's previous meeting.
Ankara on Friday strongly urged Turkish citizens in Syria to return home, saying that developments there posed serious risks. The Turkish Foreign Ministry said consular services at the Turkish embassy in Damascus will be halted March 22 but the embassy and the Turkish consulate in Aleppo will remain open.
Jordan's Foreign Minister Nasser Judeh on Friday reasserted the call for an immediate end of fighting and opening the way for humanitarian aid.
"This has gone on too long and it's unacceptable," he said in Vienna after meeting with his Austrian counterpart. "We have to ensure that the violence ends and that the humanitarian relief is allowed in."
Associated Press writers Selcan Hacaoglu in Ankara and George Jahn in Vinenna contributed to this report.
The Associated Press