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At least 30 patients have died across Uttar Pradesh as a result of an ongoing doctors' stir, which intensified with 200 more doctors sending in their resignations on the stir's fourth day on Tuesday. No new patients are being admitted in hospitals throughout the state with even private hospitals shutting their doors to patients.
Doctors first went on a stir in Kanpur on Saturday following a Friday face-off between Kanpur district officials and the students of renowned Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Medical (GSVM) college. The students were brutally beaten up by Kanpur Samajwadi Party MLA Irfan Solanki and his henchmen after a student's bike had a minor accident with the MLA's SUV. Kanpur SSP, Yashaswi Yadav, said to be chief minister Akhilesh Yadav's blue-eyed boy, led a virtual attack against the students who were protesting Friday's incident. Twenty-four students were put behind bars even as MLA Solanki roamed free. Nearly 300 medical faculty of GSVM College have resigned in protest.
"I begged and pleaded with them (striking doctors) but they didn't even take a look at my father," said Manish after doctors at King George Medical University hospital refused to take in his critically-ill father; the 62-year-old Harigovind from Faizabad died outside the trauma centre.
"The doctors should return to work as their first duty is towards the patients. You can't bring back life once a patient dies," Akhilesh told reporters on Tuesday and added that an inquiry had been instituted. "We have the CCTV footage of the incident. Senior officials are looking into it."
Indian Medical Association's Kanpur unit president Dr Aarti Lalchandani claimed that the CCTV footage (captured on cameras installed at a nearby petrol pump) given to the officials in Lucknow is a "doctored" one.
The IMA and the UP Provincial Medical Service (PMS) doctors declared their support for the agitating students even as 200 junior doctors of the Agra Medical College tendered their resignation to the state government. The number of striking doctors throughout the state could well be more than 10,000.
As the stir spread, five people lost their lives without being admitted to hospitals in Allahabad on Tuesday. As many as 11 people died have died in Lucknow alone while three reportedly breathed their last at the BHU Medical Institute in Varanasi on Monday as doctors refused to run even emergency and trauma services. Things have come to such a pass mainly due to the inertia on the part of the Akhilesh Yadav-government and the intransient attitude of the Kanpur district administration.
"Even the students studying in their hostel rooms were dragged out and beaten up," said IMA's Dr Lalchandani. "We will not withdraw the strike until the SSP is removed and all cases against the students are withdrawn. We will fight for justice."
The 24 junior doctors, who were granted bail on Monday night, refused to come out of the jail on Tuesday until their three demands were met.


text: Solidisco - One More Chance (Original Mix) by Solidisco published on 2012/09/05 00:17:54 +0000 The latest single on Benzi's Get Right Records comes from the disco-house rising stars Solidisco. The duo are back with two new jams and they havent lost any steam after a run of big remixes and being featured on Fool's Gold Records "Clubhouse Vol. 2" compilation. Grab the single now on iTunes/Beatport and start dancing. BEATPORT: http://www.beatport.com/release/one-more-chance/960912 iTUNES: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/one-more-chance-single/id556682904 http://solidisco.com http://facebook.com/solidisco http://twitter.com/solidisco http://youtube.com/solidisco

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 3 projects made from this pattern and much more? join Ravelry now What am I missing?
© Jane Ellison 2013
Grace Cardigan
This pattern is available for £3.95 GBP
buy it now or visit pattern website
buy it now or visit pattern website
I love creating easy to knit designs. I love combining yarns of beautiful quality with the simplest of stitches to create truly unique items that are a joy to knit.
This straightforward pattern has no complicated abbreviations or tricky techniques.
It is a pattern you can knit with pride and delight!
This delicate lace cardigan is worked all in one at the bottom which means less seams to sew up! The lace pattern is worked on the right side and on the wrong side it is a purl row, this is the best way to work lace, as I feel it is like one row of concentrating then one row off!
For more information, see: http://purlandjane.co.uk/shop/books-patterns/grace-c...


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Overnight 200GB, 250GB laptop drive upgrades
updated 09:30 am EDT, Thu June 21, 2007
Laptop drive upgrades
TechRestore has begun offering larger capacity drives as part of its overnight hard drive replacement service. The company now offers 200GB and 250GB drives for MacBook and MacBook Pro models, enabling users to easily and quickly upgrade their Mac laptops. The service offers drive upgrades within 24-hours: it includes installation of the new drive into the users laptop as well as data transfer from the old hard drive onto the new drive -- an exact clone of the users data is transferred to the new drive. As an added security measure, the customers old drive is returned to them with their upgraded laptop, TechRestore said. Nationwide door-to-door pickup service is available for the service. Both upgrades are available immediately for $380 (200GB, 7200 rpm drive) and $300 (250GB, 5400 rpm).


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3rd December 2012
US: California honours teenager kicked out of Boy Scouts for being gay 16
10:57 PM — The California Boy Scout who was refused the prestigious Eagle Scout Badge for being gay, was to be honoured by the California state Assembly this afternoon.
21st November 2012
US: Obama commended for stance on equal marriage by 10-year-old's letter 15
12:55 AM — A 10-year-old in the US was surprised to get a reply to a letter she sent to President Barack Obama. She had written to tell him that she appreciated his acceptance of the love between same-sex couples.
23rd October 2012
US: Research shows rise in teenage suicides from bullying 8
1:24 PM — The number of teenagers taking their own lives due to bullying and homophobic bullying has increased dramatically over the past seven years, according to research.
25th September 2012
US: High School student starts gay-straight alliance 2
8:54 PM — A 15-year-old from Columbus, Indiana, has started her high school's first gay-straight alliance, after seeing her gay friends being bullied for years.
14th September 2012
Church Group: Telling bullied kids 'gay is okay' is the same as saying 'overeating is okay' 54
7:55 PM — A new pamphlet published by a church group in Ohio gives "guidelines" on how to deal with questions relating to sexuality and homophobic bullying in schools, including comparing homosexuality to overeating.
2nd September 2012
Gay teen to sue school for failing to protect him from homophobic bully 11
2:23 AM — A gay teenager in Indianapolis who was expelled for bringing a stun-gun to school to scare off bullies, is suing the public school system for failing to protect him from bullying.
27th August 2012
Parents of suicide teenager leave church over anti-gay teachings 51
1:41 PM — The parents of Tyler Clementi, who committed suicide in 2010 after finding out that his roommate had filmed a sexual encounter he had, have left their church due to its views on gay rights.
20th July 2012
Salesman unfairly dismissed after complaint over anti-gay bullying 10
1:55 PM — A married father has won £44,000 at an employment tribunal after suffering homophobic bullying at his workplace in Leeds.
11th July 2012
Glee's Chris Colfer says he was bullied 'every day' at school for being gay 6
11:27 PM — Glee actor Chris Colfer has revealed he was bullied every day at school for being gay. Speaking to men's fashion website Mr Porter, Colfer said he didn't tell his parents about the harassment because his sister had a severe form of epilepsy and he didn't want to trouble them with his own problems.
Lady Gaga social network unveiled 13
9:40 AM — Bisexual pop star Lady Gaga has unveiled a new social network, LittleMonsters.com.
9th July 2012
Scotland: Schools research shows gay students facing homophobia 5
3:40 PM — Pioneering research into Scottish schools reveals homophobic bullying is 'a daily nightmare' for over half of Scotland's school pupils, while a quarter of young gay Scots attempt suicide.
5th July 2012
Report: 99 percent of gay pupils hear homophobic language in school 31
12:43 PM — A report launched today has found that 55 per cent of lesbian, gay and bisexual pupils in Britain's secondary schools experience homophobic bullying, while 99 percent hear the word 'gay' being used disparagingly at their schools.
25th June 2012
Stonewall party raises £51,000 for efforts to tackle homophobic bullying 8
2:32 PM — Gay rights charity Stonewall celebrated today raising more than £51,000 at its annual Summer Party at the Roof Gardens in London's Kensington this weekend.
19th June 2012
Ofsted report: Schools should do more to tackle anti-gay language 36
12:40 PM — An Ofsted report into school approaches to bullying has suggested teachers do not always feel able to tackle issues like homophobic bullying and derogatory language and that most schools are not 'sharp' enough on their analysis of bullying behaviour.
25th May 2012
Stonewall report investigates homophobic bullying in Britain's schools 30
5:56 PM — Stonewall have announced a major report investigating the scale of homophobic bullying in Britain's schools, to be released at the 'Education for All conference' on 5th July.
8th May 2012
Wrestler apologises for telling man 'sickened' by gays to kill himself 75
10:01 AM — US wrestling champion CM Punk has apologised after telling a Twitter user who was 'sickened' by the idea of homosexuality to kill himself.
2nd May 2012
Anti-bullying charity reports 95 percent success in improving pupils' LGBT views 10
1:44 PM — Diversity Role Models, a charity launched last year to tackle homophobic bullying in schools, announced today 94.5 percent of students who took part in a workshop with a positive role model said they would treat LGBT people better as a result.
24th April 2012
Comment: Acting on homophobia with Pink Triangle Theatre 2
2:43 PM — Paul Burgess, founder of Pink Triangle Theatre, writes about the group's work tackling homophobia in schools, colleges, universities, libraries, theatres and prisons.
6th March 2012
TUC: Some texts 'almost impossible' to teach without gay discrimination 16
12:13 PM — The TUC has called on the government to issue clearer guidance on anti-gay texts in schools, saying there are some materials which it may not be possible to teach without disadvantaging gay students.
23rd February 2012
Video: Daniel Radcliffe records new message for bullied gay teens 19
4:45 PM — Daniel Radcliffe has continued his support for bullied gay youth with a new public service announcement supporting the Trevor Project helpline.


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Like all blogging platforms it is very easy to add an anchor text url to a WordPress post.
You can do it either through html view or Visual. Visual is the easiest and you run the least chance of making a mistake so I recommend doing it this way if you are a beginner.
Before we start, a word about the text editor. WordPress comes with a very basic editor which although adequate, doesn't allow you to make use of all the options a fully fledged editor would give you.
I recommend you download one of the better editors and installing that before you start.
You do this by selecting Plugins from the Plugins panel in your Admin area and searching for New Plugins.
I use CK-Editor, but there are others just as good. WordPress will install them automatically for you.
Now, back to anchor text links!
Create your post as normal ensuring you are doing so in Visual view.
A new posting form usually defaults to Visual, but if by chance it hasn't, just click the tab to change it.
Highlight your keyword or words you wish to use as anchor text.
Click the chain link icon and you will get the linking window to open up.
This is the link form. The Target and Advanced tab will allow you to refine your linking. For now though a simple link is enough! Don't forget to click O.K.
More tutorials
Adding Anchor Text To A Word Document
Adding Anchor Text To A WordPress Blog
Adding Anchor Text To A Blogger Blog
Adding Anchor Text To An html doc
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text:
Bought a set of these to use at the ends of my dining room table to sort of mix up the monotony of all the chairs matching. I got them within a week of ordering and had them put together in 30 minutes. I did not give them 5 stars because one of the bolts and washers was missing. Helpful hint that may save you time putting them together....if it appears that the predrilled holes don't match up, try matching with the other chair. Although they are not labeled as chair 1 parts, they are matched by the location of the predrilled holes. If you try to put the seat to the legs of the wrong chair you will find that the holes do not match and you will get aggravated (like I did) until you think to try the other chair piece. They turned out beautiful and my friends and family love them.
I ordered 2 sets of chairs and am very pleased with my purchase. The chairs were delivered quickly, well wrapped, and preassembled. The only reason I did not give them 5 stars was because the chair legs are, ever so slightly, uneven. However, for such a great price, I don't think I mind.
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? Similar match with natural variance due to the nature of the material
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Great product for the price. Only issue is that legs are a bit uneven.
- How accurate was the on site description of the product? Spot on
Overall, internet service, delivery and condition ok. Assembly was rather easy except for the hardware being loosely thrown into the boxes. Major problems! Chairs rocked on the floor after assembly. Wide black elastic rubber supports under the seat came apart. Someone could have fallen through the seat. Too difficult to return to Overstock, therefore I had to rebuild the seat with plywood for extra support.....
- Did the color match the color displayed onsite? 3 chairs light 1 chair a lot darker did not match!
- How is the quality of the product? poor
- Did the description onsite accurately describe the product? yes
Just a small problem with assembly. Once assembled, they looked exactly how we were hoping they would look in our beach house, Gorgeous. We may put a natural canvas padded cushion on them for long sits. I would recommend, but if REAL comfort is what you are looking for, then an upholstered one may be your best bet!
I have been looking for this type of chair for a while. I searched online and found that they were very expensive.I was thrilled to find these on Overstock for such a great price. I ordered a set and recieved them today. They were packed well and went together very easily. The bolts and washers were not in a bag and were just thrown in the box with the pieces so be careful when you open the box. All and all, I am very happy with the chairs, they are very pretty.They are solid and sturdy. I would recommend them to anyone looking for this type of chair.
Bought for my office & home. Get compliments on style all the time. Not the most comfortable, but bought chair pads. Would recommend! Easy to put together.
We just moved across the country. before I left, I gave my 2 antique dining chairs to a cousin to enjoy. We updated out dining room with these chairs and it looks beautiful. The chairs a very sturdy and have a coastal feel about them which fits into south Florida beautifully. Comfortable also. Came put together in a huge box delivered to our door with very prompt shipping. I am considering buying 2 more for the room. Great buy at this cost.
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? perfectly
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. excellent
- How accurate was the on site description of the product? very accurate


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DR650 790 Big Bore Installation and Review
View Single Post
Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Dec 2009
Location: Long Island, NY
Oddometer: 1,009
Originally Posted by
is it soup yet ? where's the wheelie-in-the-snow pic at 790 oclock ?
cmon man !
Getting close.. I'm trying to do it this Friday. I replaced the clutch today with the Barnett Clutch kit from Procycle.
Starting by draining all the oil
Then I started to remove the 2 oil lines attached to the side case. I also had to remove my center stand and pull the brake pedal down to get it out of the way of the case.I used my handy impact driver to remove all the bolts. I always forget I have this tool, and its great when you have a bunch of bolts that have to come out.
Once the case was off, I finally had a good look at my NSU. I did not want to remove the clutch basket, so I just used a few different screwdrivers to tighten the upper screw. the bottom one wasn't loose, but wasn't tight.. I removed the screw and used some high temp red locktite to secure it. (screw is removed in the below picture)
I honestly wasn't sure what to expect when I opened the case. The previous owner had no idea what a NSU was when I asked, so that screw could have been gone years ago.
Another picture of inside the case:
NSU screw:
Alright... Then I got to the clutch. I removed the old friction and steel plates, and made note of the order. I installed the new Barnett clutch parts.
No Clutch plates;
The Barnett clutch springs are a little bit longer.
Once everything was installed I started to clean the old gasket off the side case... what a pain in the ass that was. I went to auto zone for gasket remover (not sure if its a real product or not) but the guy directed me to carb cleaner and said that it will work... it didn't. I used a box cutter to cut a lot of the old gasket off. When I installed the new gasket, I used copper gasket spray and mounted it when it got tacky. After filling up the oil, cleaning up everything, installing all the parts I took off, I started the bike. Oil came pouring out of the top near the oil filter and all along the bottom.. I had to take everything apart again and clean the gasket surface again. I will admit that I didn't do a good job the first time around.
To remove the old gasket, I used a 220 grit sandpaper and my rotating sander. I did not apply any pressure, and just used the weight of the sander to cut up the old gasket. when the surface was clean, i sprayed some more copper spray and tried again (this time not putting the bike together first, in case I had another issue). No problems at all. I am dreading removing the paper base gasket off my cylinder, but its gonna have to be done right.
After putting everything back together I ran the bike for 20 minutes at idle, and let the oil heat up to 240*F. no leaks at all
I guess the new clutch has to wear in a little, but I had to adjust my cable adjustment near the lever to almost full out for the wheel to stop spinning. I'll be keeping an eye on this. I only road the bike down my driveway and back, since the road currently look like (outside my driveway):
This is not slush, that is solid ice...
I felt like I was 4-wheeling in my little Jetta!
2000 Suzuki DR650-790 -
790cc Big bore build thread
1985 Yamaha CA50 - The little scooter that Could
2009 Piaggio BV-250 - Escusi, Babba be bo-bee
planemanx15 screwed with this post 02-27-2013 at
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Staff Reporter
BANGALORE: The service of the Bangarpet-Marikuppam passenger (521) has been fully cancelled on Sunday.
The Marikuppam-Bangalore city passenger (525) has been cancelled partially on Sunday and this train will start from Bangarpet on that day.
According to a South Western Railway press release, the Bangalore city-Guwahati Express (2509), Yeshwantpur-Muzaffarpur Express (5227) and Yeshwantpur-Guwahati Express Special (0201) have been diverted via Howrah-Bandel Junction-Azimgani Junction-Malda Town instead of Howrah-Bolapur Shanti Niketan-Rampur Hut-Malda Town.


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There's no hiding it anymore!
A very obviously pregnant Mila Kunis and her hubby-to-be, Ashton Kutcher, landed at L.A.X. Saturday and all eyes were on her growing baby bump.
PHOTOS: Mila Kunis Shows Off Her Baby Bump At L.A.X.
The pair was returning to L.A. following a visit to his equally pregnant sister, Tausha Kutcher outside New Orleans.
In an amazing coincidence, Radar has also learned that Kutcher's twin brother, Michael, and his wife are also expecting!
PHOTOS: That Baby Bump! Pregnant Mila Kunis And Ashton Kutcher Visit His Family In Iowa
"They knew Mila was pregnant in late February, but didn't want to steal Mike's wedding thunder or take the spotlight off Tausha's baby news by telling people then," a soure tells us exclusively.
"The only person who knew about Mila early was Ashton's mom."
PHOTOS: Surprise: We're Expecting! Ashton Kutcher & Mila Kunis At NBA Game


text:
(AD) Sponsored links
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This site is build on openstandards with opensource software and an openmind. That is why all content is licenced under the open content licence.
Splashbox Kinect Make up kit
Splash Box from David Sweeney on Vimeo.
The Fashion Digital Studio used Microsoft's Kinect to create a virtual make up kit for celebrated make up artist Alex Box. The gesture based real time painting application is used as the finale to her MAC Masterclasses in London, NY, LA and Miami. Applying colour with a sweep of the hand to a 3D scan of the models face.
Kreek - Kinect Controlled Interface
Kreek is a Kinect controlled interface which extends a normally two-dimensional multi-touch environment by the perception of depth. This allows the user to literally reach into the interface and gives applications the possibility to interprete parameters like pressure or solid distance.
See the amazing video
Working on becoming a VJ/DJ using the kinect
Working on scratching and drumming in mid air with the kinect as my turntable on my Mac with ableton live. More to follow
Motion, light & sound / Kinect & Madlight
Motion, light & sound / Kinect & Madlight from things happen on Vimeo.Motion, light & sound / Kinect & Madlight
Kinect Graffiti
Kinect Graffiti™ from Jean-Christophe Naour on Vimeo.
Kinect Graffiti is a digital graffiti tool using "Microsoft Kinect" camera.
It is an oldie and only for windows, see innoiz.com/apps
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Things to see and do - Canada
Leaving for Canada
Science North :
Nearby tourist site
Nearby hotels
Chateau Nova Hotel Fort McMurray from135 CADBook
Quality Hotel and Conference Centre Fort McMurray from154 CADBook
Radisson Hotel & Suites Fort McMurray from144 CADBook
Things to do nearby
Vancouver Trolley Hop-on Hop-off Tour
- 31 €
- Book
- 12 €
- Book
Private Tour: Whistler Day Trip from Vancouver
- 139 €
- Book
Science North
Science North : Michelin's recommendations
Perched on a rock outcropping on the shores of Lake Ramsey, a hexagonal exhibit building resembling a snowflake (representing the glacial action that shaped Northern Ontario) is set over a cavern blasted out of the rock (to represent the probable creation of Sudbury Basin by a meteor). Exhibits emphasize engaging firsthand experience with science and technology. The complex also include a planetarium and IMAX theatre, in addition to hosting regular speakers.
Useful Information
- Address : 100 Ramsey-Lake Rd. CDN - Sudbury P3E 5S9P3E 5S9Sudbury
- Phone : (705) 522-3701
- E-mail : email@example.com
- Website : http://www.sciencenorth.ca


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Al-Hamd Textile Mills Limited.
AL-Hamd Textile Mills Limited was once part of a group of companies led by Sheikh Imdad Ahmed (late) as its chairman and the founding force. Previously, he had conceived, established and successfully managed numerous manufacturing projects in the field of cotton ginning, textile spinning, embroidery, flour milling and oil extraction, namely:
1. Allawasaya Textile & Finishing Mills Ltd.____ a public listed company
2. Hilal Flour Mills Ltd.____ a public listed company
3. Hilal Fabrics (Pvt.) Ltd.
4. Hilal Ginning & Oil Mills (Pvt.) Ltd.
Sheikh Imdad Ahmed was a well known business figure and was elected President of the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI) in 1977. He was also a distinguished member of the Parliament of Pakistan (Majlis-e-Shoora) between 1982 and 1985 wherein he also served as Vice Chairman for some time.
In 1979-80, due to business separation amongst his brothers/partners, Sheikh Imdad Ahmed, opted out of all the above industries. Thereafter, he along with his four sons, set up following major business concerns:
(1) Bilqees Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd.
(2) Al-Hamd Textile Mills Ltd.
(3) Membership/Brokerage at Lahore Stock Exchange.
Bilqees Corporation (Pvt.) Limited was incorporated in 1980 and only in the fourth year of its operations it became the largest exporter of hand-made carpets from Pakistan. Thereafter, the Company has been awarded the FPCCI's Best Export Performance Trophy eight times.
Al-Hamd Textile Mills Limited was incorporated in 1983 as a public limited company and was quoted on the Karachi and Lahore Stock Exchanges in 1988. It has since been voluntarily delisted from these exchanges as on 11.06.2004. As on 30.06.2004 the authorized capital of the company is Rs.200,000 million, the paid-up capital is Rs.64.078 million, the equity is Rs.627.520 million and the balance sheet footing is Rs.1,742.279 million.
Sheikh Imdad Ahmed died in 1987 and after amicable business settlement between his four sons, Sheikh Afzaal Ahmed and his immediate family exclusively own Al-Hamd Textile Mills Limited since 1998 and there is no cross shareholding or directorship. Hence, Al-Hamd Textile Mills Limited is presently an individual company without any associated concern.
Al-Hamd Textile Mills Limited has a highly qualified, efficient and experienced management team. The main sponsor and Chairman/CE, Sheikh Afzaal Ahmed is a Masters in Economics and seasoned businessman with top management experience of about 25 years. He specializes in strategic planning, project development and feasibility studies as well as contract negotiations and international marketing. He has also wide experience in international finance, banking, corporate management and legal affairs. He has travelled extensively in Europe, USA, Far East, China and Russian States for negotiations with machinery suppliers as well as for export and import development.
Sheikh Afzaal Ahmed has been the Vice President of the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce & Industry (1988) and also President of the Dera Ghazi Khan Chamber of Commerce & Industry (1988). He has participated in numerous national & international seminars/conferences/training courses in several fields including ISO 9000, corporate management & governance, quality control, etc.
Membership of Sheikh Afzaal Ahmed
1. Vice President, Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCC & I), 1988.
2. President, D.G. Khan Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 1988.
3. Member, Managing Committee, FPCC & I, 1985-89.
4. Member, Executive Committee, Multan Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 2000-2003.
5. Member, Executive Committee, D.G. Khan Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 1987-88.
6. Chairman, FPCC & I's Standing Committee on Social Welfare, 1985-87.
7. Member, Advisory Council, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of Pakistan, 1988.
8. Member, Punjab Industrial Facilities Board, Govt. of Punjab, 1988.
9. Vice Chairman, FPCC & I's official delegation to China, 1988.
10. FPCC & I's representative of Advisory Panel of Textile Machinery Corporation, 1988-89.
11. Member, Export Promotion Committee on Technical and Professional Services, Export Promotion Bureau, Govt. of Pakistan, 1988-89.
12. Member, Panel on (a) Expenditure tax and (b) Survey of small traders.
For assessing the taxable capacity, formed under the Advisory Council of the Ministry of Finance, 1989.
Mr. Bashir Ahmed Chaudhry, who joined the company in 1987, is the Executive Director and the Company Secretary. He is a Fellow Member (FCMA) of the Institute of Cost & Management Accountants having qualified in 1976 wherein he secured the top position twice during the course of ICMA. He is also an Associate Member (MBIM) of the British Institute of Management since 1985. He has vast experience of more than 26 years, including six years of foreign service, in different industries like jute, polypropylene, sugar & textile, handling the accounts as well as administration and dealing with Government Departments. He is also handling the corporate affairs of the company since 1995. He has been a member of Executive Committee of D.G. Khan Chamber of Commerce & Industry and also the Chairman of the Chamber's Sub-Committee on Import & Exports (1999-2001). He is the Vice Chairman of Multan Branch Council of the Institute of Cost & Management Accountants for the last eleven years. He has participated in numerous National & International Conferences and Seminars on Accountancy & International Accounting Standards. He is well versed in financial management and dealings with banks for obtaining credit facilities etc.
In 1987, the company set up a new and most modern textile spinning unit at D.G. Khan comprising of 14,400 spindles with a rated annual capacity of 3.968 (M) kgs based on average yarn count of Ne 20/1. The main machinery from blow room to autowinders was from Italy and air-conditioning plant from Germany. This machinery was equipped with latest innovations like automatic bale plucker, electronically controlled blow room, automatic chute feed system, long/short term autolevellers, mechanical disc splicer, electronic yarn clearers, etc. The unit also had a fully equipped modern laboratory for testing and controlling the quality of the produced yarn.
The company exported its super carded yarn 20/1 to 30/1 to Japan, Turkey, South Korea and other world markets where its yarn was rated A-plus because of its high quality and consistency throughout the year. The yarn was usually within 5-25% of Uster Standards.
This project was financed by National Bank of Pakistan, BEL-led Consortium and Pak-Libya Holding Company. By the grace of Almighty, the company has repaid all its original long term loans along with due mark up in time, without a delay of even one day in any of the installments. All liabilities against subsequent term/lease finances obtained for BMR/expansion are also being repaid promptly as per the repayment schedules.
It is the company's considered opinion that in the present circumstances any spinning unit below 50,000 spindles is no longer viable in the long term. Therefore, the company embarked upon a consistent expansion program since 1998 when Sheikh Afzaal Ahmed took over the company exclusively. The prime objective of this program has not only been expansion in capacity but also value addition in yarn by producing fine counts intead of the usual course to medium counts. The machinery set-up of the company's unit was originally based on average count 20/1.
During 1998 to 2001, the company has added 27840 spindles to its capacity. Accordingly its mills then comprised of 42240 spindles and the average count 20/1 was enhanced to 14.873 (M) kgs.
For the last more than 6 years, the company is producing super fine yarn of count Ne 80/1 and Ne 72/1 from extra long staple cotton imported from the USA, Egypt and the CIS. This has resulted in a very high value addition, from cotton to yarn. Moreover, due to utilization of superior raw material and running of our ring frames at super high speeds, we have achieved production quantities upto 120% of our rated capacity. The market for our yarn is only domestic where it is rated amongst the top few brands. Hence, the company's well thought-out business plan of producing maximum quantity of superfine count at minimum possible cost of a quality acceptable in its market has proved successful and paying rich dividends. The company has successfully sustained in the production of value added yarn leading to higher profitability and better ability to withstand market down turns.
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Abnormal execution of several movements in a sequence is a frequent finding in schizophrenia. Successful performance of such motor acts requires correct integration of cortico-subcortical processes, particularly those related to cerebellar functions. Abnormal connectivity between cortical and cerebellar regions with resulting cognitive dysmetria has been proposed as the core dysfunction behind many signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to assess if these proposed abnormalities in connectivity are a unifying feature of schizophrenia, or, rather, reflect a specific symptom domain of a heterogeneous disease. We predicted that abnormal functional connectivity between the motor cortex and cerebellum would be linked with abnormal performance of movement sequencing.
We examined 24 schizophrenia patients (SCH) and 24 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched healthy controls (HC) using fMRI during a modified finger-tapping task. The ability to perform movement sequencing was tested using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). The subjects were categorized into two groups, with (SQ+) and without (SQ-) movement sequencing abnormalities, according to the NES-SQ score. The effects of diagnosis and movement sequencing abnormalities on the functional connectivity parameters between the motor cortex and cerebellum (MC-CRBL) and the supplementary motor cortex and cerebellum (SMA-CRBL) activated during the motor task were analyzed.
We found no effect of diagnosis on the functional connectivity measures. There was, however, a significant effect on the SQ group: SQ + patients showed a lower level of MC-CRBL connectivity than SQ- patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the level of MC-CRBL and SMA-CRBL negatively correlated with the magnitude of NES-SQ abnormalities, but with no other NES domain.
Abnormal cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity during the execution of a motor task is linked with movement sequencing abnormalities in schizophrenia, but not with the diagnosis of schizophrenia per se. It seems that specific patterns of inter-regional connectivity are linked with corresponding signs and symptoms of clinically heterogeneous conditions such as schizophrenia.
Keywords:Schizophrenia; Motor cortex; Cerebellum; Connectivity; Movement sequencing; Neurological soft signs
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous mental illness with a variable clinical manifestation. Individual patients present with a variable pattern of symptoms, including abnormalities of higher integrative functions, such as perception, thinking, cognition, and, quite frequently, abnormalities of motor functioning. Abnormalities of the motor system in schizophrenia are related to the minor neurological changes that are traditionally referred to as neurological soft signs (NSS). They include problems with sequencing of movements (i.e., performance of several movements one by one in turn), and coordination of movements (i.e., performance of several movements simultaneously in time). Dysfunction of movement sequencing seems to be the prominent motor symptom in schizophrenia [1]. NSS are independent of the extrapyramidal adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs; i.e., they are not a result of the treatment [2,3], but a reflection of the basic neurobiology of the illness.
At the level of brain physiology, schizophrenia is linked with abnormalities of brain connectivity. Inefficient or misleading communication between functional brain areas has been postulated to be the core dysfunction behind the clinical manifestation of the illness. Friston and Frith stressed the importance of corticocortical connectivity-fronto-temporal connectivity-- - and coined the term 'dysconnection' [4]. Later, Andreasen et al. formed the theory of cognitive dysmetria as a basic cognitive dysfunction that arises from abnormal coordination in loops formed by the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum, with a special focus on cerebellar functions in the fine timing of motor and cognitive events [5]. Abnormal connectivity in cortico-cerebellar loops would lead to disorganization of complex neurophysiological and mental processes, as seen in schizophrenia. Although a substantial body of evidence for abnormal brain functional connectivity in schizophrenia exists [6,7], no overall specific pattern of connectivity changes in schizophrenia has emerged. The heterogeneity of the findings reflects the clinical heterogeneity of the illness, where various phenotypes stem from different patterns of connectivity changes.
Although an abnormal performance of movement sequencing has been linked previously with anatomical changes of the brain [8-10], the traditional view of NSS pathogenesis stresses an inefficient cooperation between cortical and subcortical areas involved in complex motor functions [11]. The correct performance of a sequence of movements requires accurate timing of the execution of individual motor plans, which indicates the involvement of the cerebellum or cooperation between cortical and cerebellar areas [12]. Abnormal cortico-cerebellar connectivity would, therefore, lead to abnormalities of movement sequencing performance, as seen in schizophrenia. Functional brain connectivity in the context of movement sequencing abnormalities has not been analyzed before.
To test the hypothesis that abnormal functional connectivity between the motor cortex and cerebellum is linked with abnormal performance of movement sequencing rather than with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, we used a nontrivial sequential motor task during fMRI examination to activate the sensorimotor system of the brain in order to assess its functional connectivity and to analyze the correlates of cortico-cerebellar connectivity with the magnitude of motor sequencing abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.
We analyzed data from 24 schizophrenia patients and 24 age-, sex-, and handedness- (all subjects were right-handed) matched healthy controls. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was verified using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) [13]. All subjects were treated with atypical antipsychotics; the mean daily dose in chlorpromazine equivalents was 442 mg (SD 286). Details of the demographic and clinical parameters are given in Table 1. The exclusion criteria were drug dependence (based on the M.I.N.I.; subjects with a history of drug abuse, but not dependence, were included), neurological or somatic conditions affecting the structure or function of the brain, and contraindications for MRI examination. Two schizophrenia patients were not able to undergo the MRI examination and were not included in subsequent analyses.
Table 1. Demographic and behavioral characteristics
Healthy subjects were recruited from the community, local staff, and medical students. They were screened for Axis I psychiatric conditions using the M.I.N.I. Details of the demographic parameters are given in Table 1. The exclusion criteria were drug dependence, family history of Axis I psychiatric conditions, neurological or somatic conditions affecting the structure or function of the brain, and contraindications for MRI examination.
The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Ethical committee of the University Hospital Brno Bohunice) and all subjects signed an informed consent form.
Behavioral examination
All subjects were examined using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) [14] to assess the expression of abnormal movement sequencing (NSS-SQ subscale; we also examined other domains-abnormalities of motor coordination NSS-MC subscale, and sensory integration NSS-SI subscale-to compare the relative frequencies of individual domains of neurological abnormalities in our sample). The ability to perform several movements in time-a sequencing of movements-was assessed using the "fist-ring test" (rapid alternation between clenching the fist and forming a ring using the thumb and forefinger), "fist-edge-palm test" (tapping the desk using the fist, edge of the hand, and palm of the hand), "rhythm tapping test" (reproduction of several rhythms), and the "Ozeretski test" (both hands are placed on the table, one palm down, one palm up, and the subject is asked to simultaneously alternate the position of the hands). All the tests are performed separately using both hands. The performance is rated on a three-point scale: "0" - normal performance, "1" - mild impairment, "2" - marked impairment. The final score of the "Mmovement sequencing domain" is a sum of all test ratings from both hands.
Handedness was also assessed using the NES scale-it is a performance-based evaluation- with hand dominance described as right, left, or mixed.
The magnitude of extrapyramidal adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs was assessed using the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). These scales were used to check if the NSS were related to the medication effects, rather than to brain abnormalities.
fMRI examination
All subjects underwent functional MRI examination in a Philips Achieva 1.5 T scanner (FFE EPI sequence, 33 axial slices, 80 × 80, in-plane resolution 2.85 × 2.85 mm, slice thickness 3.7 mm, TR = 3 s, TE 50 ms). The activation paradigm consisted of a sequential finger-tapping task (repetitive tapping of the four fingers against a board), a finger opposition task (repetitive tapping of all fingers together against a board; included to evaluate if typical activation of cortico-cerebellar motor regions exists during a simple motor task), and a motor rest condition. The conditions were performed in 30 s blocks, and repeated 4 times (resulting in 120 images/time-points). Before entering the scanner, subjects were trained to perform the movements at around 2 Hz. Subjects were visually monitored during the fMRI examination, and, if necessary, instructed through headphones.
Image processing
The fMRI images were processed using the SPM8 toolbox (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm webcite). They were realigned, co-registered to a high-resolution structural image, normalized to the standard MNI space, and smoothed using an 8 mm FWHM Gaussian kernel. The data entered the General Linear Model (GLM) design at a single-subject level as follows: two regressors of interest were created for the sequential movement condition and the simple opposite movement condition. The movement and rotations estimated during the realignment step were used to create six additional regressors of no interest. Contrast images for the condition where sequential tapping elicited higher activation compared to the motor rest condition entered second level analysis-a full factorial design with a fixed factor group (schizophrenia patients, healthy subjects). This GLM design was used for a) analysis of group differences in brain activation during sequential motor tasks (significance threshold p < 0.05, FWE corrected), and b) for creating a whole-sample activation map during sequential motor tasks (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). This whole-sample activation map was used to select coordinates in pre-defined seed regions for subsequent functional connectivity analysis (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Brain activation during sequential finger-tapping task. Positive effect of condition (sequential finger-tapping task vs. rest) on the whole group level (p < 0.05 FWE corrected). The left side of the brain is on the left side of the image. Note that there were no significant differences in the brain activation between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, nor were there any differences between the two schizophrenia subgroups.
For the connectivity analysis, we extracted data from 5 mm spheres with centers at statistical local maxima in clusters in the left motor cortex MC (BA4, precentral gyrus, MNI oriae 3 -19 55), the suplmnaymtrcre M B6 N oriae 3-10 58), and the right cerebellum CRBL (anterior lobe, culmen, MNI coordinates 12-55 -23) from all single-subject data. The data were filtered (high-pass filter, AR), and adjusted for the effect of interest (contrast sequencing > rest, i.e., all other effects, including head motion parameters and mean, were filtered from the data). Subsequently, the first eigenvariate of the seed region BOLD time-course (i.e., the most typical representation of the time-course containing the largest part of the variability of the data) was extracted. The similarity of time-courses between individual seed regions was used as a measure of functional connectivity. To accomplish this, we performed a correlation analysis between the seed time-courses (MC-CRBL and SMA-CRBL) of every subject of the study. The significance of the correlations was tested using the one-sample t-test.
Statistical analyses
The normality of the distribution of functional connectivity measures was tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The distribution did not differ significantly from the normal distribution; therefore, we used parametric tests for subsequent statistical analysis.
Group differences in demographic, behavioral, and clinical variables were tested using two-sample t-tests or chi-square tests. The relationships between continuous demographic, behavioral, and clinical variables were tested using correlation analysis.
The effect of diagnosis on the functional connectivity measures was tested using the two-sample t-test. The effect of SQ abnormalities on the functional connectivity measures was tested using correlation analysis between the SQ score and MC-CRBL and SMA-CRBL. We divided the schizophrenia patients according to the presence of marked movement sequencing abnormalities into two subgroups: patients with at least one marked abnormality in any SQ subtest (patients with a SQ score higher than 2) formed a group with sequencing abnormalities (SQ+), patients with at most mild abnormality in any SQ subtests (a SQ score less than or equal to 2) formed a group without sequencing abnormalities (SQ-). We specified ANCOVA designs with functional connectivity measures as a dependent variable, group (SQ+, SQ-, HC) as a categorical variable, and age as a continuous variable. The age parameter was included to account for the differences in age between the two patient subgroups and healthy controls group, since the age matching was performed only for the whole groups. After an omnibus test determined the significance of the effect of the group, we performed additional post-hoc least-significant-difference (LSD) testing of the within-group differences. Finally, we analyzed the confounding effects of demographic and clinical variables on connectivity parameters. If there were any significant relationships between these variables, we performed an analysis of covariance with the categorical parameter group (SQ + × SQ-) and the continuous parameter (the confounding variable) to assess its effect on group differences in connectivity. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05.
Demographic data
There were no differences in age, gender, or marital status between the schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Healthy controls had university education more frequently than schizophrenia patients (Chi-square 7.2, p < 0.05). Patients were also more frequently unemployed (Chi-square 18.6, p < 0.001). There were no differences in gender, age, education, employment, or marital status between the SQ + and SQ- patient groups.
Behavioral and clinical data
Schizophrenia patients had higher frequencies of psychoactive drug abuse (1 patient with cannabis, 1 with alcohol, and 3 with polymorphic abuse including methamphetamine and cannabis) than healthy controls (Chi-square 5.4, p < 0.05). There was a trend toward a higher frequency of family history for schizophrenia in the schizophrenia group (Chi-square 3.5, p = 0.06). Schizophrenia patients had a positive BAS scale (Chi-square 5.6, p < 0.05) and SAS scale (Chi-square 21.8, p < 0.001) more often than healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients had significantly higher scores on the SAS scale (t = 47 < 0.001). No study subject had a positive AIMS score. No significant differences were found for the BAS score. A significantly higher proportion of schizophrenia patients had at least one mild impairment on the NSS scale (Chi-square 33.6, p < 0.001), NSS-SI subscale (Chi-square 9.6, p < 0.05), and NSS-SQ subscale (Chi-square 22.6, p < 0.001). There was a trend for a higher proportion of schizophrenia patients with at least one mild impairment of the NSS-MC subscale (Chi-quare 3.2, p = 0.07). Schizophrenia patients also had a higher total NSS score (t = 77 p < 0.001), NSS-SI score (t = 31 < 0.05), and NSS-SQ score (t = 47 < 0.001).
SQ + patients experienced more psychotic episodes (t = 27 < 0.05) than SQ- patients. There were no differences in diagnosis, duration of illness, antipsychotic medication, prescription of antiparkinsonian medication, rate of psychoactive drug abuse, or family history of schizophrenia. There were no differences in antipsychotic daily dose in chlorpromazine equivalents between the two patient groups, nor were there any significant differences in the magnitude of the SAS, AIMS, and BAS scores. SQ + patients had at least one impairment on the NSS-SQ (Chi-square 4.9, p < 0.05) subscale more frequently than SQ-patients. There were no differences in the expression of at least one mild impairment on the NSS total scale or the NSS-MC and NSS-SI subscales between the two groups. SQ + patients had a higher total NSS score (t = 28 < 0.05), and NSS-SQ subscale (t = 70 < 0.001). For frequencies, means, and standard deviations of demographic and clinical data, see Tables 1 and 2.
Table 2. Clinical characteristics
The NSS-SQ subscale did not correlate with the number of psychotic episodes, age, disease duration, or daily antipsychotic dose in chlorpromazine equivalents. There were also no significant correlations with BAS, AIMS, or SAS extrapyramidal scales. On the other hand, extrapyramidal symptoms measured using the SAS scale correlated significantly with the NSS-MC subscale (R = 0.47, p < 0.05).
Functional connectivity
Brain activation patterns during the sequential finger-tapping task included sensorimotor cortical areas, prefrontal and cingular executive areas, the parietal and temporal supramodal cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum; for details, see Figure 1 and Table 3. There were no significant differences in the activation pattern between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, or between SQ + and SQ- patients.
Table 3. Brain activation during sequential finger-tapping task
The mean of individual subject correlations between MC and CRBL (mean r = 0.23, SD 0.16, t = 9.9, p < 0.001) and SMA and CRBL (mean r = 0.26, SD 0.16, t = 11.0, p < 0.001) BOLD signals differed significantly from zero in the whole sample. There was a significant negative correlation between MC-CRBL and SQ score (r = 03, p < 0.05) and between SMA-CRBL and SQ score (r = 03, p < 0.05). No other NSS subscales correlated with the functional connectivity measures.
There was no effect of diagnosis on the functional connectivity measures: the whole group of schizophrenia patients did not differ from healthy controls. In the ANCOVA design there was a significant effect of SQ on the MC-CRBL functional connectivity measure (F = 3.4, p < 0.05). LSD post-hoc testing revealed significant differences between SQ + and SQ-patients and SQ + patients and healthy controls: SQ + patients had a lower magnitude of MC-CRBL correlations than both groups. No differences were present between SQ- patients and healthy controls (Figure 2). There was no significant effect on SMA-CRBL functional connectivity measures.
Figure 2. Cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity - group differences. Group differences in connectivity parameters between patients with (SQ+) and without (SQ-) marked movement sequencing abnormalities and healthy controls (HC) assessed using the ANCOVA design. MC-CRBL - correlation between motor cortex and cerebellar BOLD signal.
Confounding effects: we found significant negative correlations between MC-CRBL and duration of illness (R = 03, p < 0.05). When using this variable as a covariate in a subsequent ANCOVA model with connectivity parameters as the dependent variable, there was still a significant effect of the SQ group on MC-CRBL (F = 7.2, p < 0.05). There was no effect of education on the magnitude of MC-CRBL and SMA-CRBL correlations (see the group differences in education between SCH and NC). There were also no significant correlations between daily antipsychotic dose (in chlorpromazine equivalents), MC-CRBL, and SMA-CRBL.
We found a significant effect of movement sequencing abnormalities on the functional connectivity between the motor cortex and cerebellum during the execution of sequential motor tasks in schizophrenia. We found a significant negative correlation between the magnitudes of movement sequencing abnormalities measured using the NES scale and the level of cortico-cerebellar connectivity: the more pronounced the motor abnormality, the less similar the BOLD signal between cortical and cerebellar regions. Only patients with impaired movement sequencing abilities had lower functional connectivity than healthy controls (in contrast to patients with unimpaired movement sequencing). This means that abnormal cooperation between the cerebellum and motor cortex during a motor task manifests as an impaired ability to sequence movements in time.
Several findings support the significance of cortico-eeelrfntoa dsoncin'fr various signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Wilson et al. found right cerebellar dysfunction in a MEG study that analyzed cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity during tactile stimulation of the fingers that resulted in synchronous activation of the postcentral cortex and cerebellum in early onset psychosis [15]. Impaired functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the medial part of the superior frontal gyrus was observed during attentional tasks in schizophrenia [16]. Abnormal functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and the contralateral cerebellum was also found during the Hayling Sentence Completion Test in a high-risk sample [17], and in children and adolescents with schizophrenia during verbal working-memory tasks [18]. There are reports of abnormal functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cortex even at rest: parameters of resting state functional connectivity between the frontal cortex and cerebellum had the biggest discriminative value from a set of several regions for classification of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls [19]. Structural equation modeling allowed the analysis of the connectivity parameters between individual nodes of a network formed by the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum during an n-back working-memory task in schizophrenia: patients showed decreased cortico-cerebellar and thalamo-cerebellar functional connectivity, but increased thalamo-cortical functional connectivity [20].
Impaired functional cortico-cerebellar connectivity might result from abnormalities of some node of the cortico-subcortico-cerebellar circuits. However, several lines of evidence indicate that cerebellar dysfunction might have a key role in cortico-cerebellar dysconnection' and corresponding signs and symptoms, including movement sequencing abnormalities. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) data show that cerebellar activation or inhibition has a direct impact on the functioning of the motor cortex [21]. This finding, with the theoretical implications of the involvement of cerebellum in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, provides further support for the validity of the regions we selected for functional connectivity analysis. Furthermore, there is evidence that sequence processing is one of the key functions of the cerebellum [12]. There are many findings that show cerebellar abnormalities in schizophrenia. Cerebellar inhibition of the motor cortex assessed by TMS is decreased in schizophrenia [22]. Reduction of cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning [23] reflects impaired cerebellar time processing in schizophrenia. Cerebellar morphological changes are present in schizophrenia [24]; they are linked with NSS [25-27], including repetitive motor acts, i.e., sequences of movements [25,28,29]. Cerebellar abnormalities are linked to non-motor symptoms of schizophrenia, such as cognitive dysfunction [16,30,31]. Changes in cerebellar tract integrity that correlate with cognitive dysfunction [32] have been described in schizophrenia [33-35].
We were not able to find any effect of movement sequencing abnormalities on the pattern or magnitude of brain activation during the modified finger-tapping task. A previous fMRI study, using a similar behavioral paradigm, found reduced activation of the pallidum and putamen [36]. Our data show that impaired movement sequencing abilities are linked with brain connectivity, rather than with the magnitude of regional activation, which points to the original concept of NSS as a consequence of impaired cooperation between system subcomponents, and not a single localized pathology [11]. On the other hand, the lack of group differences in brain activation patterns may also reflect an inadequate behavioral paradigm for movement sequencing examination. Although the principle behind the modified sequential finger-tapping task is similar to the NES scale sequencing tasks, the tasks are not identical and may require different effort for their execution and reflect different brain loads. Our paradigm was, however, adequate for the analysis of brain connectivity in the context of movement sequences, which was the primary focus of our study.
The impaired ability to sequence movements was the most frequent movement abnormality in schizophrenia patients: 67% of the patients had at least one mild impairment of movement sequencing as compared to a 33% incidence of sensory integration problems, and 13% of motor coordination abnormalities. The pattern and incidence of individual NSS categories are in accordance with previous findings [1]. The relative predominance of movement sequencing abnormalities in schizophrenia might reflect its link to a proposed neurobiological substrate of the illness-brain 'dysconnection'.
Patients with marked movement sequencing impairment had more psychotic episodes than those without movement sequencing disturbances. Moreover, cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity correlated negatively with the duration of treatment. These findings may mean that there is a progressive worsening of cortico-cerebellar connectivity with a corresponding impairment of movement sequencing as a result of consecutive psychotic outbreaks. Our study was, however, a cross-sectional comparison. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that patients with marked impairments of movement sequencing abnormalities had such marked impairment present from the beginning of the illness. Previous studies show that the expression of NSS at the time of the first episode of schizophrenia predicts a worse response to treatment and worse outcomes [37-39]. Abnormalities of cerebellar morphology are also linked with poor outcomes [40]. The fact that there was a still a significant effect of movement sequencing abnormalities present in the post-hoc analysis of covariance suggests that movement sequencing abnormalities and their link to cortico-cerebellar connectivity are not only the result of illness progression.
Several factors might limit our results. The most important are the effects of antipsychotics, extrapyramidal symptoms, and abuse of psychoactive substances. The severity of movement sequencing abnormalities does not correlate with antipsychotic treatment parameters, nor with the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms. Similarly, the differences in cortico-cerebellar connectivity between the two patient groups are not a result of antipsychotic treatment or extrapyramidal symptoms. This is supported by previous findings [2,3]. These factors are, however, linked significantly with the other NSS cluster-movement coordination abnormalities-which may reflect different neurobiology and etiology of individual movement abnormalities in schizophrenia. Findings have shown a relationship between the severity of cerebellar impairment and co-morbid alcohol abuse in schizophrenia [41]. In our study, however, there were no differences in co-morbid psychoactive substance abuse between the two patient groups. Finally, we assessed only the functional connectivity related to movement sequencing. But the cerebellum is involved in several other functions, including cognitive and affective ones [42]. Based on our study, we cannot exclude the possibility that there is a functional dysconnection of different parts of the cortex and cerebellum during the cerebellar functions other than movement sequencing in SQ- patients.
Abnormal cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity during the performance of a motor task is linked with movement sequencing abnormalities in schizophrenia, but not with the diagnosis of schizophrenia per se. It seems that specific patterns of interregional connectivity are linked with corresponding signs and symptoms of clinically heterogeneous conditions such as schizophrenia.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Author Tomas Kasparek designed the study, wrote the protocol, undertook the data analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author Jitka Rehulova managed the literature searches and contributed to data collection and preparation. Author Milos Kerkovsky contributed to the design of the study and its protocol. Authors Andrea Sprlakova and Marek Mechl were responsible for clinical interpretation and preprocessing of the MRI data. Author Michal Mikl contributed to the connectivity analysis. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.
The study was supported by research grant No. NR9855-4 provided by the Ministry of Health, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic and by the project "CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology" (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068) from the European Regional Development Fund.
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Bolbecker AR, Mehta CS, Edwards CR, Steinmetz JE, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP: Eye-blink conditioning deficits indicate temporal processing abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research 2009, 111(1-3):182-191. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Nopoulos PC, Ceilley JW, Gailis EA, Andreasen NC: An MRI study of cerebellar vermis morphology in patients with schizophrenia: evidence in support of the cognitive dysmetria concept.
Biol Psychiatry 1999, 46(5):703-711. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Bersani G, Paolemili M, Quartini A, Clemente R, Gherardelli S, Iannitelli A, Di Biasi C, Gualdi G, Pancheri P: Neurological soft signs and cerebral measurements investigated by means of MRI in schizophrenic patients.
Neurosci Lett 2007, 413(1):82-87. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Bottmer C, Bachmann S, Pantel J, Essig M, Amann M, Schad LR, Magnotta V, Schroder J: Reduced cerebellar volume and neurological soft signs in first-episode schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Res 2005, 140(3):239-250. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Thomann PA, Roebel M, Dos Santos V, Bachmann S, Essig M, Schroder J: Cerebellar substructures and neurological soft signs in first-episode schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Res 2009, 173(2):83-87. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Keshavan MS, Sanders RD, Sweeney JA, Diwadkar VA, Goldstein G, Pettegrew JW, Schooler NR: Diagnostic specificity and neuroanatomical validity of neurological abnormalities in first-episode psychoses.
Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160(7):1298-1304. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Venkatasubramanian G, Jayakumar PN, Gangadhar BN, Keshavan MS: Neuroanatomical correlates of neurological soft signs in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Res 2008, 164(3):215-222. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Laywer G, Nyman H, Agartz I, Arnborg S, Jonsson EG, Sedvall GC, Hall H: Morphological correlates to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia as studied with Bayesian regression.
BMC Psychiatry 2006, 6:31. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Segarra N, Bernardo M, Valdes M, Caldu X, Falcon C, Rami L, Bargallo N, Parramon G, Junque C: Cerebellar deficits in schizophrenia are associated with executive dysfunction.
Neuroreport 2008, 19(15):1513-1517. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Okugawa G, Nobuhara K, Minami T, Takase K, Sugimoto T, Saito Y, Yoshimura M, Kinoshita T: Neural disorganization in the superior cerebellar peduncle and cognitive abnormality in patients with schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006, 30(8):1408-1412. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Kanaan RA, Borgwardt S, McGuire PK, Craig MC, Murphy DG, Picchioni M, Shergill SS, Jones DK, Catani M: Microstructural organization of cerebellar tracts in schizophrenia.
Biol Psychiatry 2009, 66(11):1067-1069. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Magnotta VA, Adix ML, Caprahan A, Lim K, Gollub R, Andreasen NC: Investigating connectivity between the cerebellum and thalamus in schizophrenia using diffusion tensor tractography: a pilot study.
Psychiatry Res 2008, 163(3):193-200. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Okugawa G, Nobuhara K, Sugimoto T, Kinoshita T: Diffusion tensor imaging study of the middle cerebellar peduncles in patients with schizophrenia.
Cerebellum 2005, 4(2):123-127. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Menon V, Anagnoson RT, Glover GH, Pfefferbaum A: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for disrupted basal ganglia function in schizophrenia.
Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158(4):646-649. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Prikryl R, Ceskova E, Kasparek T, Kucerova H: Neurological soft signs and their relationship to 1-year outcome in first-episode schizophrenia.
Eur Psychiatry 2007, 22(8):499-504. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Prikryl R, Ceskova E, Kasparek T, Kucerova H: Neurological soft signs, clinical symptoms and treatment reactivity in patients suffering from first episode schizophrenia.
J Psychiatr Res 2006, 40(2):141-146. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Das M, Kumari V, Soni W, Ettinger U, Binneman B, Hughes C, Mehrotra R, Sharma T: Neurological soft signs and their relationship to cognitive and clinical efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia.
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Wassink TH, Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, Flaum M: Cerebellar morphology as a predictor of symptom and psychosocial outcome in schizophrenia.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Book your room at Arabian Nights Hotel
Twin Room, 2 Single Beds, Shared BathroomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Triple Room, Shared BathroomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Twin Room, 2 Single Beds, EnsuiteMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Double Room, EnsuiteMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Triple Room, EnsuiteMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Single Room, Shared BathroomMax Occupancy: 1 guest (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Single Room, 1 Double Bed, EnsuiteMax Occupancy: 1 guest (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Cairo hotel in Islamic Cairo, near Khan el-Khalili
Located in Islamic Cairo, this hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Midan Hussein Mosque and Khan el-Khalili. Museum of Islamic Art and Sultan Hussan Mosque are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
Along with a rooftop terrace, this hotel has coffee/tea in the lobby and 24-hour room service. Free continental breakfast is provided, as well as free WiFi in public areas, free self parking, and a free manager's reception. Additionally, dry cleaning, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 30 rooms offer free WiFi, 24-hour room service, and satellite TV. Guests will also find minibars, showers, and phones.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available 24 hours) is offered to guests. This Cairo hotel also offers a rooftop terrace, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour front desk
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Free reception
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 4
- Rooftop terrace
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Television in lobby
- Total number of rooms - 30
- Tours/ticket assistance
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Free WiFi
- Minibar
- Phone
- Room service (24 hours)
- Satellite TV service
- Shower only
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast.
24-hour room service is available.
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Minimum Spring Break check-in age is 18 years old.
Minimum guest age is 18
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
No elevators
Cash Deposit Required
- Weekly housekeeping provided; fees apply for additional cleaning
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. A resort fee is included in the total price displayed. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.


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KPRS Hot 103 Jamz
10,000 - 50,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By Kickanotch Mobile, LLC.
Support for KPRS Hot 103 Jamz
Is this app giving you a hard time?Do you have questions or feedback for this developer?
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A classic British dish, simple and with loads of flavour. A great use for all the root vegetables that are in season.
Lightly dust the beef with flour and season, then set aside. In a big pan heat a splash of olive oil to a high heat. Add the chopped onions and garlic and sauté for 2 minutes with no colour. Add the dusted beef and seal all over until brown and crispy (this will take about 4 minutes).
Add the red wine and the bay leaf and reduce the wine by half. Add the chopped vegetables and mix well. Then just cover with the stock, cover and leave to simmer for about 1 – 1½ hours until it starts to go tender.
Mix all the ingredients for the dumplings together, flour your hands and roll the mixture into small balls. Drop the dumplings in to the beef mix, cover and cook for about 25 minutes. Season well to taste, and serve.
» Metric Converter
Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache are the best wines to pair with Braised Beef with Parsley Dumplings.
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Kosovo Peace Agreement
President Clinton talked with reporters about the peace agreement in Kosovo, returning refugees to the area, and military personnel who served there.
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- Bill Clinton U.S. President [D] United States
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President Clinton did not answer any questions as he departed the White House. Mr. Berger answered one…
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Rawlings 2 Matte Sunglasses
Product Information:
Block the sun with sports performance style in The Rawlings® 2 Matte Sunglasses. Wear these on or off the field for powerful sun protection built to perform the way you need them to. Designed with Secure and comfortable soft rubber nose pads, these sunglasses will never hold you back during a game. Scratch resistant hard coating and shatter/impact resistance optimize their durability.
- Sport Performance styling
- Polycarbonate 2.0 mm 8 Base and 10 Base De-centered lenses offer shatter/impact resistance and distortion free vision
- Scratch resistant hard coating
- Hydrophobic lens coating repels dirt, oil, and water and is easy to clean.
- Brilliant multi layered colored mirrors available for most styles
- Extra Soft Rubber Nose Pads and Inserts for a comfortable, secure non-slip fit
- Rubberized Finish for Soft Touch
- 100% UVA/UVB protection
- Meets CE standards
- Rawlings
Country of Origin: TaiwanWeb ID: 11838813


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Lori Burgess, Support Services coordinator at the Fond du Lac Public Library, received the 2012 Wisconsin Financial Literacy Award by Gov. Scott Walker in a March 1 ceremony in Madison.
The Fond du Lac Public Library's downtown and Express locations will be drop-off sites for the annual Help for the Homeless hygiene drive through March 22.
Donations of new cleaning and personal care items such as laundry soap, hair and dental items, diapers and bathroom tissue, will be collected and distributed locally.
The local drive is part of a regional effort that includes Oshkosh, the Fox Cities, Manitowoc and Brown County and spearheaded by Appleton radio station 91.9/91.5 The Family.
Three Good Things by Wendy Francis is a debut novel set in the Madison area. This is a light and heartwarming story about two sisters who are trying to make the best of their lives while dealing with the difficulties that come along. If you like books about family dynamics with a dash of romance, then you may like Three Good Things.
The eat-local trend is mushrooming, with proponents such as food journalist Michael Pollan suggesting that buying local food conserves energy, supports farmers and preserves the natural landscape.
How to make that happen? Join farmer couple Paul and Sara Huber for How to Eat Local, 6 p.m. Wednesday, March 20, at the Fond du Lac Public Library.
Football's over, March Madness hasn't yet begun and winter shows no signs of leaving. Time for a new hobby.
Fond du Lac author Karen Barouski has written a page-turning thriller set in Marinette, Wisconsin in the late 1990s.
Puccini's beloved opera La Boheme was a smash hit when it debuted in Italy in 1896. Today, it's one of the most-frequently performed operas in the world. Local aficionado the Rev. Jack Stubbs will host a lively discussion of the work at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday, March 5, at the Fond du Lac Public Library.
Sara Cujak hosted the Cujak's Wine Market Holiday Wine Tasting at the Fond du Lac Public Library in November.
The ins and outs of selling on eBay will be covered in free classes at the Fond du Lac Public Library. Three classes will be offered in February: 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, February 19; 1:30 p.m. to 3 p.m. and 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, February 26. The class will be repeated at 6 p.m. Tuesday, March 12.
It's easy to save money on glam accessories if you use the skills you learn in the Saturday, February 16, Crafternoon program at the Fond du Lac Public Library.


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Cunill America
Teddy Bear Vertical Frame 4" x 6"
- Color:
- purple
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Share This Item: Email
Description: Wooden vertical rectangular frame
- Silver plate teddy bear details
- Holds one 4" x 6" photo
- Sealed with environmentally-safe, tarnish preventative lacquer
- Manufactured in Barcelona by Cunill silversmiths
- A tradition recognized for quality since 1916
Care: Wipe with dry cloth
Material: Wood & Silver Plate
Brand: Cunill America
Origin: Spain


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One of my friends and I used to believe in ghosts. Our other friends would say that there are no such things. But we always maintained that if you believe that God exists, ghosts do as well. We tried to scare our friends, but they became tired of it.
A few days later, my friend and I were playing with cardboard boxes. The boxes were so big that both of us could sit in it comfortably and we would chat. Then we heard a strange sound. We were scared and convinced it was a ghost. We came outside screaming, but later realised that it was our friends who had made the noise. They had planned to scare us and prove that there were no ghosts. Sure enough, from that day on, I stopped believing in ghosts.
More In: YOUNG WORLD | FEATURES


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Hi, it's me, Marla Jo, your columnist and deals maven. I'm here every Thursday with money-saving tips. If you know a great deal, let me know at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also find me at Deals Diva on Facebook and Twitter. And don't forget to read my humor columns on Thursdays and Saturdays in the Register.
AAA will give you a $10 Vons gift card just for getting a quote on auto insurance, through March 31. You don't have to be a member to get the quote, but can't get the gift card if you already have auto insurance through them. I haven't done this promotion, but I did another one with them and it was easy and no pressure to sign up. Call 800-731-6553 or visit AAA.com/getquote to learn more.
There's a free Afro-Latino festival at the Museum of Latin American Art in Long Beach on Sunday from noon to 4 p.m. Face-painting, crafts vendors, art workshops, children's story time, musical performances and the museum's galleries are free to visit. Learn more at Molaa.org. Location: 628 Alamitos Ave. Call 562-437-1689. This is part of the Target Free Sundays program.
DirecTV is offering a free preview of its "HD Extra Pack" through Wednesday. Channels range from 565 to 573 and include hi-def versions of the Hallmark Movie Channel, HDNet Movies, MGM, Sony Movie Channel, Universal, Smithsonian, Crime & Investigation, Palladia and Shorts. Courtesy of FreePreview.TV
The Richard Nixon Presidential Library & Museum in Yorba Linda will be free to visit Monday in honor of Presidents Day, with special historical reenactments for the kids. Regular admission is $4.75-$11.95. Location: 18001 Yorba Linda Blvd. Call 714-993-5075.
Dollar Tree sells cute Mylar helium balloons for only $1 – a real bargain. And they have Valentine, birthday, get-well and other designs. You can order in advance if you like, or just show up.
I will be drinking coffee at Peet's Coffee & Tea, 12203 Seal Beach Blvd., Seal Beach at 11:30 a.m. Saturday. Stop by and say hi. I'm also collecting donations for the Belle of the Ball event that provides prom dresses, shoes and accessories for girls in foster care. So if you have things in your closet that a girl would want to wear, bring them along. Learn more at whw.org
Truly, you can't beat this deal with a stick. AMC will sell you two-for-one movie tickets if you go to see select Oscar nominees through Feb. 27. This deal is good Mondays through Thursdays at participating locations only. Some good flicks here: "Philomena," "The Wolf of Wall Street," "12 Years a Slave," "Nebraska," "Inside Llewyn Davis," "Captain Phillips," "Blue Jasmine," "August: Osage County." You must print out the coupon at this link and bring it in: amctheatres.com/offers/oscar-buzz-days


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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
Times Literary Supplement
The Song of the Earth begins from readings in the ecology of literature from the eighteenth century to the present day. Jane Austen, Cowper, Hardy, Ted Hughes, Elizabeth Bishop, Les Murray and others are explored for what they tell us about changing attitudes to landscape, to place, and what Bate calls, in a deliberate ecological metaphor, the "complex and delicate web" that holds together culture and environment...[this book] is the best of things, a book which will help its readers to think new thoughts—thoughts about poetry, about places, and about themselves.
— Grevel Lindop


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Phoenix HostelLondon, England
No customer comment
Holidays in DubrovnikDubrovnik, Croatia
Was more like staying in an apartment than a hostel.
Retox Party HostelBudapest, Hungary
I loved everything about the Retox, the atmosphere is awesome and the staff party all the time. Every room is 'rocking' and they serve beer early, I couldn't have had more fun here.
Wombats City Hostel BudapestBudapest, Hungary
Very good hostel, clean and helpful staff.


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Bill Capo / Eyewitness News
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com | Twitter: @billcapo
NEWORLEANS-- Even if it weren't known for the service and food, the iconic look of the four-columned front of the Camellia Grill would make it memorable.
But these days the pictures tourists take are marred by the water leak staining the front sidewalk.
'It's a hazard. Someone could slip and fall on it, and they will want to sue us, thinking it's our property, which it's not,' said Camellia Grill manager Ronald Jaeger, Jr. 'It's the city's property.'
The leak from a broken Orleans Parish Sewerage & Water Board pipe leaves trails of green algae on the sidewalk, with the water flowing down the street.
'Every time a customer comes in they ask about the leak, Bill,' said Camellia Grill waiter Leon Martin.
'It's drawing flies, it's making mosquitoes, because that's what they breed in,' Jaeger said. 'So we've got mosquitoes all around the place and flies coming around.'
The leak gotten worse in recent months, and manager Ronnie Jaeger is tired of promises that repair crews are coming.
'The board of health, when they come, any time they do an inspection, that's the first thing they see when they walk up to the place.'
Ronnie Jaeger first emailed me in March, but at the time he thought the water board was about to come out and fix the leak.
Well, three months later you can see what they haven't done. So I'll be getting in touch with them, asking them to fix this leak as quickly as possible.
'Please come fix this as soon as possible,' said Jaeger. 'And it just looks bad. It's just not good for the city for tourists to come up and see water leaking in front of a landmark.'
I'll let you know what happens.