text:
An improved instruction tracing mechanism provides a combination of hardware, internal to the CPU, and novel software. Additional registers are added to interconnected to the CPU. These registers store values indicating the instruction address, data address, whether the instruction was a load or store, the number of bytes moved and whether any address mapping changes occurred. The registers are read by a trace interrupt handler which then provides the information to a trace buffer and a profile buffer. The end user can then access the trace and profile information through the input/output (I/O) system of the data processing system.
1. A method of recording trace information relating to the execution of instructions on a processor unit, comprising the steps of:
storing instruction information output from at least one execution unit in said processing unit;
determining from said instruction information whether said instructions access data from a memory subsystem; and
determining from said instruction information, stored in said processor unit, a data address at which said data, operated on by said instructions, was accessed.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said step of determining whether said instructions access data, comprises the step of determining a quantity of data accessed from said memory location, and for storing said quantity as trace information.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein said step of determining a data address comprises the steps of:
mapping said data address to a physical location in said memory subsystem; and
mapping an instruction address at which said instructions were accessed to a physical location in said memory subsystem.
4. A method according to claim 3 further comprising the step of determining from said instruction information if any of said instructions, executing on said processing unit, have altered said means for mapping.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein said step of determining if said instructions have been altered comprises the step of storing alterations to said means for mapping as trace information.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein said step of determining whether said instructions access data comprises the step of determining whether said instructions are a load instruction or a store instruction.
7. A processor unit that records trace information relating to the execution of instructions on said processor unit, comprising:
means for storing instruction information output from at least one execution unit in said processing unit;
means for determining from said instruction information whether said instructions access data from a memory subsystem; and
means for determining from said instruction information, stored in said processor unit, a data address at which said data, operated on by said instructions, was accessed.
8. A system according to claim 7 wherein said means for determining whether said instructions access data, comprises means for determining a quantity of data accessed from said memory location, and for storing said quantity as trace information.
9. A system according to claim 8 wherein said means for determining a data address comprises:
means for mapping said data address to a physical location in said memory subsystem; and
means for mapping an instruction address at which said instructions were accessed to a physical location in said memory subsystem.
10. A system according to claim 9 further comprising means for determining from said instruction information if any of said instructions, executing on said processing unit, have altered said means for mapping.
11. A system according to claim 10 wherein said means for determining if said instructions have been altered comprises means for storing alterations to said means for mapping as trace information.
12. A system according to claim 11 wherein said means for determining whether said instructions access data comprises means for determining whether said instructions are a load instruction or a store instruction.
13. A system according to claim 12 further comprising means for recreating said instructions which have previously executed on said processing unit from said means for mapping and said trace information.
14. A system according to claim 13 wherein said means for storing comprises a plurality of registers connected to the output of said at least one execution unit.
15. A system according to claim 14 wherein said means for mapping comprises a look up table.
16. A system according to claim 15 further comprising:
buffer means for storing said trace information; and
means, connected to said buffer means, for outputting said trace information.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to evaluating the instruction stream in a data processing system in order to optimize the performance of the system. More specifically, the present invention is a tracing mechanism, implemented in system hardware, that allows for trace and profile characteristics of instructions executed by a central processing unit (CPU) to be generated for use by a system designer.
2. Description of Related Art
It is well known that performance projections for processors and memory subsystems are critically dependent on a correct understanding of the workloads imposed on such systems. One of the most important components of a system's workload is the instruction stream executed by the processor. In order to accurately predict the performance of proposed systems and assist in selecting among various design trade-offs, it is necessary to collect instruction streams (i.e. traces) that statistically represent actual workloads.
In order to be most useful, the trace instruction stream must include the effective operand (data) addresses as well as the effective instruction addresses that comprise the workload. This is particularly true in processor organizations involving multiple issue instruction dispatch and/or hierarchical storage subsystems. In such organizations data dependencies can severely degrade performance. It is therefore important that operand addresses be collected along with instruction addresses. If the developer knows whether the data is being accessed from a particular location in the memory subsystem, e.g. for loads and stores the data is accessed at addresses very close to one another, then various hardware performance characteristics, such as locality can be implemented. For example, locality allows the hardware system to take advantage of the fact that data is being accessed at neighboring addresses in the memory subsystem.
Conventional trace tools are generally in the form of software, or a hardware tracing device which is external to the CPU, both of which have significant drawbacks. Software tools, such as described in European Patent Application 0 501 076 A2 are very slow, because the instruction stream being traced must be preprocessed and then postprocessed to derive the actual information needed for the trace.
Those skilled in the art will understand that, due to the preprocessing and postprocessing, a software facility incurs a slow down of 30 to 1 or more and thus perturbs execution paths. Clearly a slow down of this magnitude will tend to change the apparent balance between CPU and I/O processing loads. The trace streams collected from a system in such an unbalanced state will thus be nonrepresentative and adversely affect the predictions of performance models using them.
Other conventional trace tools include external hardware tracing devices, such as shown in European Patent Application 0 525 672 A2 are also slow, since the trace device is connected to the processor by the system bus, which typically runs slower than the processor speed. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,611,281 shows an apparatus for analyzing microprocessor operations wherein a separate test system is connected to the processor being analyzed.
However, while it is possible to construct system hardware, external to the CPU that will collect instruction streams, it is not the most useful or flexible method. This is due to the cost of providing the data paths to provide the information, the external media required to capture the information and the difficulty entailed in selecting when to trace (i.e., controlling the tracing) that usually accompanies such external hardware tracing.
Further, external hardware trace facilities usually slow down the traced system. This stems from the fact that the performance of virtually all processor designs are highly dependent on hierarchical storage subsystems. Hierarchical storage subsystems tend to render the instruction/data streams inaccessible. Correcting this problem typically involves disabling or crippling some portion of the storage hierarchy (e.g. disabling the first level of caching so that the instruction/data fetches are visible). This approach will cause hardware tracing to degrade CPU performance.
Another prior art external hardware trace approach involves broadcasting a branch taken, i.e. interrupt and operand addresses in an observable manner (e.g. by "stealing" cycles from a system bus). In this way, changes in instruction stream flow can be observed. But, in multiple dispatch machine organizations, the frequency of taken branches, such as loads and stores can be high enough to consume substantial system bus bandwidth, potentially impacting performance. Aggravating this problem is the trend towards external bus rates that are a fraction of the processor internal speed.
A problem unique to external hardware tracing devices is that the required additional instrumentation tends to be nonportable and costly, typically requiring that a system be dedicated to tracing. This can be an obstacle to collecting useful traces since the code or system configuration of desirable workloads may be prohibitively difficult or expensive to install on the dedicated trace system.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,586 shows a tracer memory, directly connected to an instruction register, that will concurrently store instructions as they are provided to the execution unit. However, in this case, the actual address from which the data was retrieved (for load instructions) or to which the data is being stored (for store instructions) will not be known. The actual location at which the data was accessed will only be known after the instruction has executed.
It can be seen that a tracing tool that combines the simplicity of hardware and the flexibility of software to give real time results would be advantageous. Further, a tracing system that records the actual storage location where the data was accessed would also be an advantage.
In contrast to the prior art, the present invention provides a combination of hardware, internal to the CPU, and software which make tracing of instruction much faster and more efficient.
Broadly, several registers are added to the CPU that store value indicating the instruction address, data address, whether the instruction was a load or store, the number of bytes moved and whether any address mapping changes occurred. These registers are then read by a trace interrupt handler which then provides the information to a trace buffer and a profile buffer. The end user can then access the trace and profile information through the input/output (I/O) system of the data processing system. That is, the user can read the information from the display, store it to a disk, or the like.
The trace facility of the present invention allows improved performance when compared to prior art software and external hardware systems, and provides the additional information of the address from which the data is retrieved, or stored.
These and other objects, features and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon considering the subsequent description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block of a data processing having a central processing unit including the trace facility of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the hardware aspect of the present invention that is included in the central processing unit; and
FIG. 3 consisting of 3A-3D is a flow chart showing the process steps implemented by the software aspect of the present invention.
Generally, tracing tools are used to evaluate program applications running on a particular computer system. In particular the instructions to be executed by the CPU are analyzed for their content. Another important aspect of tracing is to determine where the operand data to be manipulated by the instruction is stored. That is, what is the address of the data to be operated on by the instruction? This information will allow a system designer to implement methods that will improve the performance of the software.. These methods include improvements to the software itself, and improvements to future hardware systems.
More specifically, a program to be evaluated is run in conjunction with a testing tool, such as a tracing tool, or the like. This tracing tool will output two basic types of information. First, profile data that is essentially a set of counts corresponding to the instructions executed by the CPU. For example, the profile data may include the number of instructions that were executed by a given software routine. This information is then used by the system designer to optimize the performance of the software and/or hardware running the program. That is, the designer will look at the number of instructions executed per routine and try to minimize these executions to make the program run more efficiently. Additionally, the profile data will provide information regarding code coverage of the trace, i.e. how many lines of code (LOC) executed during the test. This information will tell the designer how reliable the trace test was. The more LOC that were executed, the higher the test coverage and the better the test.
Second, a trace tool will output trace information which is time sequences of events that occurred on the CPU. More particularly, the trace information includes instructions that executed on the processor and when these instructions executed. One common used of trace information is in the area of hardware simulation. Often computer hardware designers will create a software model of a chip being designed. Before the design is actually committed to fabrication, the traces information can be used as input to the model and the output monitored to determine how well a proposed hardware design will run the program corresponding to the trace input. This is a great advantage, since hardware designers have the capability of knowing, before the chip(s) are even fabricated, how well certain programs will operate on the designed system.
Trace information is also used for performance debugging to look at where the program stores and retrieves operands, when the CPU executed the instructions, and the like. This will allow the hardware designers to understand how their system works when running a particular program. It also gives the software designers more information about how their program operates and lets them optimize its performance. To improve both the robustness and performance of the trace facility of the present invention, the following hardware support has been provided in the CPU. The central processing unit may be one of the PowerPC microprocessors available from IBM Corp. (PowerPC is a trademark of IBM Corp.). The CPU of the present invention includes a single step interrupt capability that vectors uniquely to a trace exception handler before the execution of each next instruction. Additionally, special registers, the Saved Instruction Address (SIA) and Saved Data Address (SDA) are provided that will contain the effective address of the last architecturally successfully executed instruction and the instruction's operand. A bit field that can be tested to determine if the last architecturally successfully executed instruction was a load or store is provided such that these bits are used to validate the content of the SDA.
A bit field that can be tested to determine if the last architecturally successfully executed instruction was a load or store multiple is provided. These bits are used to determine if the number of memory elements accessed by the load or store was dynamically determined and not easily obtained via post processing. Another bit field is provided that can be tested to determine if the last architecturally successfully executed instruction altered the effective to virtual address map. This results in considerable savings to the trace overhead since conventional current software testing requires that addresses in machine code be .correlated with source code (i.e. the corresponding high level language statements that generate the machine code). Further, a control mechanism is provided that either allows or disallows the assertion of the trace interrupt before execution of each instruction.
The present invention utilizes a software trace algorithm in conjunction with hardware additions to the CPU to efficiently provide instruction profiles and traces in conjunction with data address which the instructions operated on. When trace is enabled, a trace exception interrupt is taken before each instruction execution. Once the trace exception handler receives control, a pointer will indicate the address of the next instruction to be executed. As the last step of the prior trace interrupt, the previous instruction address will have been saved in a memory location (Last-- Instruction-- Address). Thus, the memory location will contain the .address of the last architecturally successfully executed instruction. If the content of memory location with the last data address represents a break in flow of the traced instruction stream (e.g. branch etc.) then the contents of that memory location are written to the trace medium (typically a buffer in memory).
If the last architecturally successfully executed instruction was a load or store then the address of the operand will be contained in the SDA and will be written to the trace medium. A bit field, as described above, is then used to make the required determination as to whether the instruction was a load or store. If the number of items accessed was dynamically determined, then the actual number must be noted on the trace medium. Another bit field, also as described above, is then used to make the required determination as to whether the instruction was a load multiple or a store multiple. If the addressability (effective to virtual address mapping) has been changed then the aspect that changed (e.g. BAT or SEG registers) must be noted on the trace medium. The bit field that determines if the executed instruction altered the effective to virtual address map is used to make the required determination. After utilizing the content of the address of the last instruction, the content of that memory location is replaced by the content of the current instruction address in anticipation of the next trace handler invocation. Thus, sequential instruction streams are traced.
There are two major performance improvements. The first is that the effort expended in computing the last instructions operand address and length has been reduced to testing bit fields (to determine if the last instruction executed was a load or store, or a load or store multiple, respectively). These bit fields along with the SDA register eliminate the need for instrumentation of the loads and stores in the traced code.
The second performance improvement is that detecting effective to virtual address mapping changes is very efficient, being reduced to testing the bit field that determines if the effective to virtual address mapping has been altered. Since the overall rate of addressability changes is typically low, knowing when addressability has not changed allows addressability searches to be performed only when required thus benefiting performance.
A significant improvement in the robustness of the software tracing aspect of the present invention comes about as consequence of the simplifications afforded the tracing software by the ability to determine when the effective to virtual addressing has changed. Also, the addition of the ability to efficiently determine the operand addresses and lengths makes the mechanism which eliminates the need to manage the tracing of various system components more operable.
The current estimate for the trace handler of the present invention places the path length at 15 instructions when there is no write to the trace medium, e.g. trace buffer, and 20 instructions when there is a write to the trace medium. Assuming a basic block length of 5 instructions, the percentage of load and stores in the traced instructions stream to be 40% and the percentage of taken branches to be 5%, leads to a mean interrupt handler path length of 17.25 instructions.
Assuming an interrupt latency of 10 cycles and an interrupt Cycles Per Instruction (CPI) figure of 0.8 the mean number of cycles added to the execution time of each instruction of the workload will be about 23.8 cycles. Since most processor instructions contemplated by the present invention can execute in one cycle, the effective CPI for the traced workload would be about 24.8 cycles per instruction.
Note that there is no need to disable the caches in software tracing. The least recently used (LRU) replacement strategy of the caches essentially insures that when software tracing, the trace code will be in the cache, thus the trace handler CPI may be less than 0.8 and consequently execute in less that 24.8 cycles. Also, since the trace interrupt is a special case, the present invention can take into account the special conditions surrounding a trace interrupt. Consequently, it is reasonable to believe that it is possible to obtain very attractive trace execution rates.
A performance contrast exists between the present invention, which utilizes both a novel hardware scheme and a new software portion, to that of the typical cache inhibited external hardware trace scheme. In machines that depend on low cache miss rates, the cache inhibited scheme may result in a severe penalty, i.e. the more code parallelism a processor can exploit, the more critical the cache miss ratio will be to the processor's performance.
Assuming the following simple linear model of execution:
CPI(Miss-- Ration)=CPIinfinity +Miss-- Ratio X Miss-- Cost
The degree to which the processor is slowed down by hardware tracing that disables the cache is: ##EQU1## Applying the linear mode; to the last equation gives the following: ##EQU2## Assuming that the code being traced has an infinite cache CPI of 1.6, the cost of a miss is 16 cycles and the normal miss ratio is 1% then the trace slow down is about 10. On the other hand, if the code being traced has an infinite cache CPI of 0.25, the cost of a miss is 16 cycles and the normal miss ratio is 0.5% then the trace slow down is about 49.1.
This last value corresponds to an effective workload CPI while hardware tracing of 12.3 cycles per instruction. Assuming that a processor capable of sustaining a workload CPI of 0.25 when not tracing can also provide a trace handler CPI of 0.5, the effective workload CPI while software tracing would be 19.5 cycles per instruction or about 58% slower than hardware tracing.
The above computations are examples intended to show that in a real processor the slow down imposed by external hardware tracing can actually turn out to be comparable to that of software tracing, in other words, there is no real advantage of external hardware tracing over software tracing. Thus, the present invention becomes very attractive when compared to the prior art systems. This is particularly true for machines that exploit code parallelism and multiple storage hierarchies.
Other limitations such as electrical loading of high speed signals by trace equipment could force the traced system to be operated at a reduced clock frequency resulting in a further decrease of the speed of hardware tracing. Also, most RISC processors have external busses that run at a fraction of the speed of the processor which accentuates the bandwidth requirements of hardware tracing. Such problems can only worsen as machine clock speeds become higher and packaging becomes more dense. It is inevitable that hardware tracing will continue to become increasingly less tractable and software tracing increasingly more tractable.
Further, the present invention includes a register denoted the "Saved Instruction Address" or SIA. The SDA is an important aspect of the present invention since it will eliminate unnecessary instructions in the trace handler. As described above, reducing path length reflects directly in the performance of the trace.
With the disclosed hardware and software features of the present invention, useful traces can be inexpensively captured with reasonable performance degradation from a standard machine (i.e., a machine not dedicated to tracing). A distinct advantage of this is that stand alone data processing systems including the processor of the present invention can be used to trace instructions, without having either an external hardware tracing device, or special purpose tracing software, thus, providing more utility to the end user.
Referring to FIG. 1, a typical data processing system is shown which may be used in conjunction with the present invention. A central processing unit (CPU), such as the PowerPC 604 microprocessor (PowerPC is a trademark of IBM) commercially .available from IBM is provided and interconnected to the various other components by system bus 12. It should be noted that the hardware trace mechanism of the present invention is part of the function which is included in CPU 10. Read only memory (ROM) 16 is connected to CPU 10 via bus 12 and includes the basic input/output system (BIOS) that controls the basic computer functions. Random access memory (RAM) 14, I/O adapter 18 and communications adapter 34 are also interconnected to system bus 12. Expanded memory 15 is additional RAM added to the data processing system and is also shown interconnected to bus 12. I/O adapter 18 may be a small computer system interface (SCSI) adapter that communicates with a disk storage device 20. Communications adapter 34 interconnects bus 12 with an outside network enabling the data processing system to communicate with other such systems. Input/Output devices are also connected to system bus 12 via user interface adapter 22 and display adapter 36. Keyboard 24, track ball 32, mouse 26 and speaker 28 are all interconnected to bus 12 via user interface adapter 22. Display monitor 38 is connected to system bus 12 by display adapter 36. In this manner, a user is capable of inputting to the system through the keyboard 24, trackball 32 or mouse 26 and receiving output from the system via speaker 28 and display 38.. Additionally, an operating system such as DOS or the OS/2 system (OS/2 is a Trademark of IBM Corporation) is used to coordinate the functions of the various components shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 2, a CPU is shown including the tracing hardware of the present invention. Reference 10 refers generally a CPU as is shown in FIG. 1. A computer software program 100 is installed and running in conjunction with an operating system 101, which may be one of AIX, DOS, OS/2, or the like (AIX and OS/2 are trademarks of IBM Corp.). The operating system 101 controls the basic functions of the computer system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, CPU 10 will be one of the IBM reduced instruction set computer (RISC), processing systems as implemented in the POWER and PowerPC Architecture (POWER and PowerPC are trademarks of IBM Corp.). Execution unit 103 will include both a fixed point unit (FXU) and a floating point unit (FPU). The FXU being used primarily for integer processing, while the FPU is normally used for processing number in scientific notation. Both of these execution units receive instructions from an instruction cache unit. The FPU and FXU output information to a bus 104 which is connected to a plurality of register files. Register 105 will contain the instruction address, and register 107 will store the data address (address from which the data is retrieved during a load operation, and the address to which the data is being stored for a store operation). The Load/Store register 109 will contain a binary value that will indicate if either a load or store instruction was executed, by any of the execution units in CPU 10. The Number-- of-- Bytes-- Moved register 111 will include a value representative of the number of bytes of data moved to the memory location during a load or store instruction (if a load or store instruction was actually executed, as indicated by the value in register 109). It should be noted that the term "memory location" as used herein will include all of the components of a hierarchical memory subsystem, including a level one (L1) cache, level two (L2) cache, instruction cache unit, and the like.
Register 113 will contain a specific binary value indicating whether or not the effective to virtual address mapping scheme was changed by the previous instruction. This information is very important in a tracing context, since it may be necessary to use the physical address (data or instruction) to recreate the actual instruction that was executed, or data that was accessed. A mapping table, or look-up table is used to map a 32 bit effective address into a 52 bit virtual address. The actual physical address of the data or instruction is then determined from the virtual address. Periodically, instructions alter, or change, the content of the look-up table such that a particular effective address maps to a different virtual address. It is imperative that the tracing tool log the changes to the table occur when they occur. Otherwise, the actual data or instruction at a specified address may not be obtained by working backwards from the physical address to the virtual address to the effective address.
Trace interrupt handler 115 is a routine contained in the software operating system. The process implemented by this program will be more fully described below in conjunction with the flowchart of FIG. 3. Basically, the trace interrupt handler will read the addresses in registers 105 and 107, along with the values in registers 109, 111, 113 and determine whether this information relates to tracing or profiling of the instructions corresponding to program 100 that is being run. For profile information, the appropriate register contents are placed in a profile buffer 117. Trace information is then stored in trace buffer 119. These buffers 117 and 119 are then accessible by a user by the normal system I/O, i.e. the results can be viewed on display 38, or stored to disk 20, or the like.
FIGS. 3A-3D are a flowchart illustrating the operation of the trace interrupt handler software of the present invention. This software is part of the operating system, in a preferred embodiment the AIX operating system is contemplated to be used by the present invention. Therefore, interrupt handler 115 is included as part of the AIX operating system.
At step 1 the interrupt handler program is invoked and the process identifies registers 105, 107, 109, 111, 113 at step 2. It is then determined at step 3 whether the current instruction address in register 105 is the same as the last, or previous, instruction address plus one. If not, then the routine proceeds to step 4, since the instructions are not sequential. This means that a branch or system interrupt, or the like, has occurred. Step 5 then determines whether the instruction address information is to be used for tracing or profile. If the information is to be used for profiling, then the count for last instruction address is updated in the profile buffer 117 (step 6). However, for tracing the last instruction address itself is provided to trace buffer 119. Subsequent to both steps 6 and 7, the process continues to step 8. Also, if it was determined that the instructions were sequential, at step 3, the method proceeds to step 8. It is then determined if the instruction was either a load or a store (step 8). If so, then step 9 determines whether the information is to be used for profile or trace. If the instruction was neither a load nor store, the routine skips to step 14 (discussed below). If the load/store determination information is to be used as profile data, then the count information corresponding to the data address, for data being operated on by the instruction, is logged in profile buffer 117, at step 13.
However, for trace information, the actual address of the memory location at which the data that was operated on by the instructions is logged in the trace buffer 119. Subsequent to step 10, it is then determined if the number of bytes moved is equal to 0 (step 11), if not, then the number of bytes moved by the load or store operation are placed in trace buffer 119 (step 12). If the number of bytes moved is equal to 0, i.e. no bytes were moved, then the process continues to step 14. It is then determined if an address mapping change has occurred. More specifically, if register 113 contains a binary "1" then an address mapping change has occurred, i.e. the last instruction changed the effective to virtual address mapping. If a logical "0" is present in register 113, then the last instruction did not change address mapping. As noted above, an address mapping change is an alteration to the look-up table used to translate an effective address to a virtual address. If it is determined that an address mapping change has occurred, then the new mapping (relationship of effective address to virtual address) is stored in trace buffer 119 step 15).
If it was determined that the address mapping did not change, and subsequent to step 15, the current instruction address is saved, at step 16, for comparison purposes. Step 17 sets the last instruction address equal to the current instruction address effectively incrementing the current instruction address to make it the "new" last instruction address. Step 18 then determines if there are more instructions to process. If so, the procedure returns to step 3. If not, the process continues to step 19 and ends.
Following is the pseudocode for the trace interrupt software of the present invention. This pseudocode describes the activity that would take place in the trace interrupt handler, when a trace interrupt is incurred. Note that the pseudocode assumes the existence of five registers, including the instruction address and data address registers. These registers are illustrated in FIG. 2, which is a block diagram of the hardware aspect of the present invention. Along with the instruction and data address registers, a Load-- Store register is provided that contains a 1 if the last instruction was a load or store, otherwise it contains 0. The Number-- of-- Bytes-- Moved register contains the number of bytes moved by the last instruction, if the last instruction was a load or store whose operand size is only known at run-time, otherwise it contains 0. The problem here is that standard RISC systems have load and store instructions whose operand size (i.e. number of bytes moved) is given by a register value at run-time: The Address-- Mapping-- Change register contains a 1 if the last instruction changed the effective-to-virtual address mapping, otherwise, it contains 0.
______________________________________PseudocodeRegisters:Instruction-- AddressData AddressLoad-- StoreNumber-- of-- Bytes-- MovedAddress-- Mapping-- ChangeVariables:Last-- Instruction-- Address (Address of the previous, orlast instruction executed)Code:if (Instruction-- Address) does not equal(Last-- Instruction-- Address + 1)/* instructions were not sequential, branch or interrupt took place */if (Tracing)/* Record non-- sequentiality */Place Last-- Instruction-- Address in trace buffer}if (Profiling)Update Count for Last-- Instruction-- Addressif (Load-- Store equals 1){if (Tracing){Place Data-- Address in trace bufferif (Number-- of-- Bytes-- Moved does not equal 0)Place Number.sub. -- of-- Bytes in trace buffer}if (Profiling)Update Count for Data Address}if (Address-- Mapping-- Change equals 1){Place new address mapping in trace buffer}/* save away Instruction-- address for comparison next time through */Last-- Instruction-- Address = Instruction-- Address;Resume execution at instruction atInstruction-- Address;______________________________________
Although certain preferred embodiments have been shown and described it should be understood that many changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
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Diner Dash: Grilling Green Deluxe
By Glu Games Inc.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
*** Diner Dash: Grilling Green is a great showcase for the iPad's gaming capacity. The larger screen allows for beautiful graphics and you can have a second player help you prepare each dish. We think it's more than just fine dining: It's fantastic. - Slide To Play ***
Take the fate of a restaurant into your hands in this all-new Diner Dash game designed from the ground up exclusively for the iPad! Keep Flo's Diner up and running through innovative, multi-touch cooking. Swirl your finger to stir soup, tap to chop carrots, and press to grill burgers. Your fingers will fly across the screen as you seat customers and serve up dishes with the Touch Cooker 3000 – the ultimate interactive cooking appliance! You can even invite a friend to help with the cooking and delight your customers with faster food delivery.
Help spunky heroine Flo race against time to meet the city's new Green Code requirements before her diner is shut down! Hold the iPad any way you want and adjust the Touch Cooker 3000's position to make Diner Dash Grilling Green fit your style of play. With 20 levels and 7 unique types of food to prepare, Diner Dash Grilling Green dishes up hours of frenzied food-serving fun!
Speed up prep time and make your customers happier with Flo's new Touch Cooker 3000! Help Grandma whip up delicious meals by tearing lettuce, rolling sushi, and more. You can also reduce cooking time by combining same-dish orders.
Become a master multi-tasker by using multiple fingers or both hands to play! Seat and serve customers with one hand while you cook with the other.
Share the fun of Diner Dash Grilling Green by inviting a friend to collaborate in the kitchen.
SUPPORT FOR ALL iPad ORIENTATIONS
Rotate the iPad and play Diner Dash Grilling Green any way you like. Enjoy exploring a rich, colorful, vibrant world that reacts to your touch!
Manage distinctly themed restaurants, fully equipped to serve the denizens of DinerTown with healthy and delicious food. Can you get an Expert score on every level?
Love the fast-paced fun of Diner Dash: Grilling Green? Try our other addictive games! Hotel Dash Deluxe, Cooking Dash: Thrills and Spills, and Chocolatier: Decadence by Design are all available on the iPad.
Want more from PlayFirst? Follow us on Twitter or become our Facebook fan to learn more about your favorite games!
What's New in Version 2.1.6
Bug Fixes and Optimizations.
iPad Screenshots
Customer Reviews
This is amazing!
This app is amazing! I love it because it's so fun. It has never crashed on me before. In this app you can have fun serving customers, instant making their food, and even clearing dishes! I recommend it for all children who love to make food and dream of being a chef someday. I love this game anyway even though I don't want to be a chef. I still love it for the places and music and fun food to make. I am on the last level in the second location.
Again I recommend this game for all ages.
One complaint
Only complaint I have about this game is it only has two levels. It gives you the impression that by rating it more levels will be unlocked but beware no matter how many times you try it will not unlock the other levels. I even paid for the full game and still only got two levels. Rip off!!!!!!!
Ridiculous ripoff - No Support
I like the game overall but feel like it's a bit expensive for way less levels.
Ok the support page does not work and the levels do not open after leaving 5 star rating. Is this how you guys are cheating people by collecting money for a game by tricking us?
Diner dash game developers pls unlock the rest of the levels.
- $2.99
- Category: Games
- Updated: Feb 08, 2014
- Version: 2.1.6
- Size: 30.7 MB
- Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish
- Seller: Glu Games Inc
- © Copyright (c) 2010, PlayFirst Inc. All rights reserved.
Compatibility: Requires iOS 4.1 or later. Compatible with iPad.


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Oct. 18, 2013
PROVIDENCE, R.I. – A shorthanded St. John's cross country team placed sixth at the Brown Invitational in Providence, R.I. on Friday, Oct. 18 in the Red Storm's final dressed rehearsal before a trio of November championship meets.
Competing without a pair of regular scorers in captain Michelle Duffy and sophomore Ashlin Conroy, St. John's fielded six sophomores and tallied 170 points. Host Brown scored 22 points to win the six-team meet.
"Our sophomore group placed four runners within 29 seconds of each other, so our team running is showing signs of improvement each week," said Red Storm head coach Jim Hurt. "We need to get Michelle Duffy and Ashlin Conroy back healthy for the BIG EAST Championships to see what our team is truly capable of doing."
Despite the absence of leader and pacemaker of sorts Duffy, St. John's once again executed its pack running strategy, placing its top four runners within five places of each other. For the first time this season, Stephanie Van Pelt broke the tape first for the Red Storm, placing 30th in a time of 20:15.4 for the 5K course. Not far behind, Kerri Butler crossed the finish line in 20:25.9 for 33rd place, while Michelle Van Pelt finished 34th in 20:28.8 and Veronica Thompson placed 35th in 20:44.5. Friday marked the first time this season that Michelle Van Pelt finished in the top-3 for St. John's.
The Red Storm will use the next three weeks to rest up before traveling to Kenosha, Wis. on Nov. 2 for the 2013 BIG EAST Cross Country Championships.


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Robinsons Retail Group, which operates supermarkets, department stores and the Toys R Us franchise in the Philippines is reportedly working with investment banks on an initial public offering that could raise about $800 million. Robinsons Retail Group, the country's second-largest multi-format retail company, is owned by billionaire John Gokongwei.
View Full Article in:Bloomberg
Published in Brief:


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Honshu, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.David Turnerlargest of the four main islands of Japan, lying between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It forms a northeast–southwest arc extending about 800 miles (1,287 km) and varies greatly in width. The coastline extends 6,266 miles (10,084 km). Honshu has an area of 87,992 square miles (227,898 square km) and contains almost three-fourths of the total number of ken (prefectures) of Japan.
Philbert OnoHonshu is regarded as the Japanese mainland. Much of the country's early history took place in its southern region. The Pacific coast is the country's main economic centre, lined with the metropolitan areas of Tokyo–Yokohama and Ōsaka–Kōbe. Honshu contains Japan's largest mountain, Mount Fuji, and its largest lake, Lake Biwa.


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Please enter your search criteria below to find a healthcare provider.
MaineGeneral offers a range of support services that help patients learn about their disease and address medical, emotional and psychological issues surrounding diagnosis and treatment.
Our programs help with emotional, financial and spiritual support on a daily basis.
Patients and their families also have access to books, periodicals, videotapes and computer databases through the hospital's lending libraries in Augusta and Waterville.
MaineGeneral offers a number of support groups for cancer survivors and those living with cancer.
These include a Bosom Buddies breast cancer support group, a prostate cancer support group, a general cancer support group, a lung cancer support group and a partner/caregiver support group.


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The Story of Art
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Story of Art, by E. H. Gombrich, is a survey of the history of art from ancient times to the modern era.
First published in 1950 by Phaidon,[1] the book is widely regarded both as a seminal work of criticism and as one of the most accessible introductions to the visual arts. It was originally intended for younger readers. Over seven million copies have been sold, making it the best selling art book of all time. It is currently in its 16th edition and has been translated into approximately 30 languages.
- ^ Picture perfect. William Skidelsky, The Observer, 17 May 2009. theguardian.com Retrieved 5 November 2014.
|This article about an art-related book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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OK, it may not yet FAA/CAA certified, but Santa's sleigh is getting some upgrades courtesy of GE.
The upgrades are similar to developments we've seen in civil aircraft over the past few years. The sleigh features LEDs and carbon composites.
Go here for the complete guide to the improvements so when you hear thumping on your roof you can dash out and check out Santa's new ride.
Santa's Sleigh Gets Aviation-Style Improvements
By Will Horton on 21 December, 2009 in Uncategorised
OK, it may not yet FAA/CAA certified, but Santa's sleigh is getting some upgrades courtesy of GE.
About Will Horton
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Half of Asian Americans rely on ethnic media—poll
More News from Agence France-Presse
WASHINGTON—Around half of Asian Americans relied on ethnic media for news during the last election in which the growing community voted overwhelmingly for President Barack Obama, a study said Thursday.
Massive support by minorities played a vital role in Obama's re-election on November 6. Asian Americans made up 3.4 percent of the electorate and could play a greater future role as they form the fastest expanding racial group.
The Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, releasing detailed findings from its exit polls, found that 48 percent of Asian Americans considered ethnic media, led by television, to be their prime news source.
Asian Americans of Korean, Vietnamese and Chinese heritage are most likely to consider vernacular-language ethnic media their main news source. The figure dwindles for Indian and Filipino Americans for whom fluent English is the norm.
The campaigns of Obama and his Republican challenger Mitt Romney both courted ethnic media during the election, with surrogates making appearances in community hubs in competitive states such as Virginia.
The fund led a multilingual survey of 9,096 Asian American voters across 14 states on election day, hoping to reveal trends that go unnoticed in exit polls for mainstream media.
The detailed findings found that 77 percent of Asian Americans voted for Obama, slightly higher than earlier projections and capping a major shift toward his Democratic Party since the 1990s.
More than half of Asian American voters listed the economy as an important issue in deciding their vote and 35 named health care, Obama's signature legislative achievement in his first term.
Twenty-six percent of Asian Americans listed civil rights and immigrant rights as an important factor. A strong majority voiced support for reforms that would include a path to citizenship for the estimated 11.5 undocumented residents in the United States.
Even among Asian Americans who voted for Romney, 47 percent supported immigration reform, more than the percentage opposed, the poll found.
"Every demographic breakout… (has) very, very strong support for comprehensive immigration reform with a path to citizenship," said Glenn Magpantay, director of the democracy program at the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund.
Obama has made immigration reform a key priority for his second term. Some Republicans have shown more enthusiasm on the issue since the election, in which the party also lost by a wide margin among Hispanics.
The survey showed that a massive 96 percent of Bangladeshi Americans voted for Obama, as did 91 percent of Pakistani Americans.
Americans of Indian and Chinese descent voted for Obama at rates of more than 80 percent. Vietnamese Americans were the only group that tilted to Romney, with 54 percent voting for the Republican.
Vietnamese Americans have historically voted Republican, owing partly to the party's hard line against communism, but younger members of the community have voted Democratic in growing numbers.
In one closely watched race, 70 percent of Asian Americans voted in Virginia's Senate race for Democrat Tim Kaine, well outpacing the 53 percent he won overall.
Both parties had heavily courted Asian Americans in the race. Kaine was running against former Republican star George Allen, who came under fire in 2006 for using an ethnic slur to belittle an Indian American volunteer for his rival.
In Massachusetts, 79 percent of Asian Americans supported Democrat Elizabeth Warren, who defeated Republican senator Scott Brown by 53 percent overall.
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Chicken Vegetable Soup
Community Recipe from
- 49 1/2 can(s) Swanson chicken broth
- 1 teaspoon(s) onion powder
- 1/2 teaspoon(s) basil dried, crushed
- 1/4 teaspoon(s) garlic powder
- 9 oz package(s) frozen mixed vegetables
- 1 cup(s) medium egg noodles uncooked
- Mix broth, onion powder, basil, garlic powder, and vegetables in saucepan. Heat to boil. Stir in noodles. Cook 5 minutes or until noodles are done.
March 2012
This recipe is a personal recipe added by Annflansb and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
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commented on These new items are coming to Australian Club Nintendo Stars Catalogue before September
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Bubusan is now Level 3!
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RANCHO SANTA MARGARITA – The two warring political factions in Capistrano Unified's upcoming school board race sparred over the track record of incumbent trustees, debated challengers' financial ties to the district's influential teachers union and argued over changing the rules for electing trustees at an informal, hour-long debate Wednesday morning.
The spirited discussion, which did not put strict limits on speaking time, laid bare the bitter animosity between the five incumbents backed by the Committee to Reform CUSD and five challengers backed by the Capistrano Unified Children First group.
"It is very important that you elect people who are going to be responsive, available, answer questions and meet with you," said Erin Kutnick, a leader of Children First and a San Juan Capistrano parent. "... I will tell you that they are quite unresponsive. I have never received a phone call or an e-mail back from any of the seven. I am one of the constituents."
Children First and the Reform Committee are fighting for control of a school district with a $364 million annual budget spanning seven cities and several unincorporated areas in southern Orange County. The 52,000-student district is Orange County's second largest.
Click here to see our guide to candidates in this and other elections on the Nov. 2 ballot.
"Bottom line, there is a takeover attempt in CUSD – the (teachers) union is seeking to replace the current, conservative trustees," said Tony Beall, chairman of the Reform Committee, referring to the $120,605 that the district's teachers union has put into the election through Sept. 30 of this year.
The debate was held in Rancho Santa Margarita's Bell Tower Regional Community Center and hosted and moderated by Rotary del Sol, a chapter of the Rotary International service club serving Rancho Santa Margarita and Coto de Caza. About 25 people attended.
The Reform Committee was represented by Beall and Capistrano Unified Trustee Mike Winsten, who is the target of a Nov. 2 recall. Children First was represented by Kutnick and school board candidate John Alpay, who will replace Winsten if he is recalled.
"This talk about unions is all bogus," said Alpay, a San Clemente parent and corporate attorney. "I will not take one dime from the union. I am not a union-backed candidate."
Beall fired back, pointing out that the union is backing the recall effort.
"If the recall passes, guess who wins by default? John Alpay," said Beall, a Rancho Santa Margarita city councilman and parent. "The union is spending more money on the recall race to ensure John Alpay gets elected."
The two sides also sparred over the accomplishments of the Reform Committee-backed school board.
"They say somehow my colleagues and I have somehow negatively impacted the district," said Winsten, a San Clemente parent and lawyer. "We're the highest-achieving school district in the state of California for the second year in a row."
Alpay countered by questioning the validity of comparing Capistrano Unified to other large school districts like Santa Ana Unified and Los Angeles Unified.
"How is Saddleback doing? How is Irvine doing?" Alpay said. "We're not doing very good (compared with them). For the first time in the 45-year history of the district, we've been designated a program-improvement district."


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For Krispy Kreme and Dunkin' Donuts, Sweet Financial News
by Rick Aristotle Munarriz Mar 13th 2014 3:13PM
The two leading doughnut chains are doing more than a few things right these days. But which one is tastier for investors?
The two leading doughnut chains are doing more than a few things right these days. But which one is tastier for investors?
The toughest problem retirees face in today's financial markets is how to get a decent yield on our savings -- but there are stable, decent-paying investments worth exploring.
Some stocks are fun for a fling. Others, you'll want to keep close for a lifetime. How can you tell the difference? Take a cue from online dating.
When the market drops hard -- as it has done this month -- what can you do to minimize the damage to your portfolio and optimize your performance?
Average investors like us are usually locked out of hot initial public offerings. But there is a way you can ride the wave of an IPO without being a rich insider.
Week after week, the broker cold-calls you with a "guaranteed" stock tip. Each time, his prediction comes true. Is he psychic? Using insider info? Nope. It's a...
An innovative charity contest is allowing the public to participate side by side with some of the brightest stars on Wall Street. But don't tell that to the Occupy crowd.
From a multiplex operator going public to a retailer getting hacked at the worst possible time, here's a rundown of the week's best and worst news from the business world.
The market may have rallied this year, but there are plenty of stocks that never got the memo. These five stocks are near their 52-week lows, but they don't deserve to be.
From a retailer's signature gadget going cold to some jewelers starting to heat up, here's a rundown of the week's smartest moves and biggest errors in the business world.
An EPA rule change rippled through Wall Street Friday, and it could help you when you fill your gas tank. Meanwhile it was another record day for both the Dow and the S&P...
From online educator K12 getting schooled to PC dinosaur HP showing signs of coming back to life, here's a rundown of the week's best and worst in the business world.
The second quarter was rough for retailers, but the sector's troubles battered some stocks that didn't deserve it. And that means opportunities for savvy bargain hunters.
The casual dining industry is in a rough patch, and familiar names are suffering. But there are some tasty new options out there, both for your dining and investing pleasure.
One tweet from billionaire investor Carl Icahn calling Apple "extremely undervalued" has given its stock a serious bounce. But what's the tech giant really worth?
The market panic the hit in June when Ben Bernanke said he would dial back stimulus will happen again when he really does it. But now you know what the results will look like.
U.S. municipal bonds fall sharply, after Detroit filed for the largest municipal bankruptcy in history, adding to investors' woes in the $3.7 trillion market.
A new hedge fund claims to have found a way to filter out the noise created by millions of tweets and use information gleaned on Twitter and Facebook to trade profitably.
From a gaming device that got delayed to a software update that adds credibility to a high-tech field, here's a rundown of the week's smartest moves and biggest blunders.
In May, we presented our moms with stock picks they'd appreciate. Now, for Father's Day, we've had four of our writers pick out some stocks to perk up their dads' portfolios.
Wondering how a company is really doing? Ask its rank-and-file employees. Glassdoor has done just that; here's how you can use their answers to buff up your portfolio.
Although the economic potential of echo boomers may not be as promising as some are expecting, there are several ways investors can profit from their behavior.
Whether your investing personality is aggressively "warp speed" or a more conservative "raise shields," here are seven stocks we like that resemble the...
You could spring for flowers, a sappy card and some decorative soaps for Mother's Day. Or you take a less traditional route and give mom a gift that keeps on giving: stocks.
Groupon is surging in after-hours trading after beating analysts' revenue projections and showing strong subscriber growth.
Inflation is a real threat to your long-run ability to make ends meet, and you'll need a way to fight it. Dividend stocks just might be the best weapon available.
America is getting older, and that demographic trend will challenge society in new ways. But it will also mean profit for businesses that offer what seniors want and need.
The futures of the Lannister, Stark, Baratheon and Targaryen clans are unknown. But if George R.R. Martin lets them live, what stocks might his characters buy for retirement?
Stocks have soared to record levels this year, but one brokerage firm says there are still plenty of profits left to mine: UBS is out with a new list of 14 favorite stocks.
The first quarter was great for investors: The Nasdaq rose by more than 8 percent, and the S&P 500 jumped 10 percent. But a handful of stocks more than doubled.
The recent rally in stocks has many investors excited again, but if you invest now, you have to protect yourself from the possibility that the bull market could reverse...


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Contec Medical System Co., Ltd.
China Manufacturer with main products: Patient Monitor, Fetal Doppler, Pulse Oximeter, Baby Doppler, Baby Monitor, Pulse Oxymeter, ECG, Stethoscope, Ultrasound Scanner
Home >Products Catalog > Fetal Monitor > 8.4" Fetal Monitor (CMS800G)
8.4" Fetal Monitor (CMS800G)
|Place of Origin:
|Hebei in China
|Model Number:
|Brand Name:
|Packaging Details:
|Packing in the carton
|FOB Price:
|800 USD/FOB China
|Payment Terms:
|T/T(Bank Transfer), Western Union, PayPal
|7 days after receipt
|Update Time:
8.4" Fetal Monitor (CMS800G)
CMS 800G Fetal Monitor can provide different configurations according to different user requirements: FHR1 (Ultrasonic Channel Ⅰ), FHR2 (Ultrasonic Channel Ⅱ),TOCO, FMOV (Fetal Movement Marker). Monitoring results can be recorded by built-in recorder for continuous or intermittent records.
The monitor can be used individually or connected with PC through RJ45 Interface for the purpose of central monitoring.
■ Compact and portable design, can be put on table or wall mounted
■ 8.4" color LCD screen display which can be rotatable up to 60°
■ Display of the patient data and curve clearly
■ Can record fetal movement manually
■ High and low fetal heart rate alarm function
■ Continuous 24-hour real-time monitoring
■ Continuous 12-hour patient curve and data storage with playback ability
■ With picture freeze function
■ Chinese and English operation interface selectable
■ Single, Twins Monitoring selectable
■ 9 chip pulse width beam probe
■ Extra-long life, high-resolution built-in thermal printer which can output waveform, text, and other information
■ Built-in RJ45 communication interface, can be connected with central monitoring system
Ultrasound probe nominal frequency:1.0MHz
FHR Range:65BPM~210BPM; Accuracy:±2%
AC power supply voltage:AC100V~240V ;
Working Frequency:50Hz/60Hz
TOCO Range: 0~100% ;
Resolution:1%Fetal marking: Manual push button(Operated by pregnant women)
Optional: Twins monitoring ultrasound probe FH
Most Popular Products
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fetal monitors Suppliers :
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MAY and JUNE SPECIALS
Deluxe Ultrasound $99.00
Gender Check $75.00
BELLY IMAGE is a MOMMY SPA and ULTRASOUND CENTER specializing in pregnant bellies! CRAVING some pampering during your pregnancy? Come visit us so the you can relax and GET THAT GLOW.
LOVE THIS BELLY and take this time to BABY yourself so that you can enjoy all the special moments during this time in your LIFE.
Come in today to INDULGE in our specialty products and services. We offer 3D ultrasound, preconception, prenatal and postpartum massage services, custom maternity facials, BELLY IMPRINTING and a full line of delivery waxing services.


text:
Back to game info
Batman: Arkham Knight Download for PS4On: PS4, Xbox One, PC
Rocksteady returns with the explosive finale to the Arkham quadrilogy.
Download courtesy of:
Download: Batman: Arkham Knight: Who IS The Arkham Knight?
Category: HD Video
Jim and Steve join in the Batman: Arkham Knight speculation by examining the most popular online theories regarding the villain's identity.
Download File
File Size: 142.22 MB


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See your blue on these designs right now!
Enter your colors here, then click the icon below any design to preview it in your colors.
Recommended Just For You
Customer Raves & Reviews
I Love It!
My fiance and I recently ordered the Something Blue magnets and changed the colors to blush, creme, and gold- our wedding colors. They came out perfect! I loved how the magnets were completely customizable. Customer Service was very helpful and the proofs were available so quickly. I would recommend this product and company to every person I know!
Great product!
The Something Blue design turned out just as I was expecting! I would recommend getting the taller version as more of your picture is shown. MagnetStreet did an awesome job, and I would highly recommend them to any other bride. Even the packaging they sent our save the dates in was really cute!
Awesome quality and colors!
I personalized the Fancy Blossoms Save-the-Date to reflect my wedding colors, Orange & Blue. I used Classic Blue for the background, Candlelight for the Swirls and left the text White. For the photo I used one of the pictures from our engagement photo shoot. Yesterday, 9-26-11, I received 150 magnets that were packaged in a nice, reusable box and they looked AMAZING. The color combination and the quality of the magnets surpassed my expectations. I AM SO HAPPY and IMPRESSED!! When my fiance saw them he smiled and said, "It's official, no turning back now!" THANK YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU MAGNETSTREET!!! I can't wait to design my invitations and thank you cards.... Job well done! Bubb & Meeks May 12, 2012
great quality
I LOVED IT!!! They went beyond my expectations and the quality was amazing the color was perfect the picture quality looked better on the magnet than on the computer I was totally impressed and the price is right ???????
Simple & Classic
I love our save the dates and have gotten a lot of compliments on them. They are simple yet classic which goes with the theme of our wedding.


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Custom Joomla Web Design Service
If your looking a professional custom Joomla template to build website then we can help you achieve this.
We have over 8 years development and web design experience developing high quality designs for a wide range of customers across the world.
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- We offer 30 days support for any questions or issues relating to the template we have developed for you.


text:
Casa For Kids
Rating: 5 stars 1 1 review
Issues: Children & Youth, Crime & Law
Location: 2021 Loop 286 Nw Paris TX 75460 USA
Filter Reviews by Role
Promote This Nonprofit
GreatNonprofits badges allow you to raise awareness of your favorite nonprofits on your own web sites!
Community Reviews
I have volunteered for CASA in a variety of ways from answering the phones to conducting classes. They strive to help parents build skills to help foster healthy productive children through many programs. There children first procedure is a much needed avenue for children who have been removed by the state. They strive to make the childs life better not to satisfy a state requirement or a parents desire. CASA in Paris TX is Awesome and always will be.


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ANews 8 investigation into alleged improper coaching at Euless Trinity and Southlake Carroll high schools has caught the attention of local University Interscholastic Leagueofficials.
News 8 has learned that two separate investigations will be launched into the findings of our report Tuesday night which could result in discipline for the Carroll Dragons and the Trinity Trojans.
Despite strict UIL rules which state sport specific skill instruction is prohibited during the summer,we videotaped a group of Dragon assistant coachesin the end zone of a 7-on-7 football match giving a continuous stream of what appeared to be coaching commands.
A few days later, on June 24, our cameras also videotaped Trinity Trojan coaches out on the practice field at Carroll High School, issuing similar football commands to their players who were practicing with players from Southlake.
The appearance of potential UIL violations has prompted the Chairmen of two UIL Executive Committees to call for internal investigations.
Both are asking administrators at Hurst-Euless-Bedford ISD and at Southlake CarrollISD to conduct their own investigations and report back on their versions on why football coaches were possibly violating rules over the summer.
The District 6-5A Executive Committeeoverseeing Trinity High School will vote on possible sanctions next week.
The District 7-5AExecutive Committee overseeing Southlake Carroll -- which met last Friday to deny eligibility to Southlake quarterback Daxx Garman -- will wait for results of Southlake's investigation before scheduling another hearing.
One new issue that committee members may be considering is: Who set up the practice on June 24 between Southlake and Trinity?
UIL rules stipulate that coaches cannot arrange 7-on-7 scrimmages or competitions between their teams.
Dragons head coach Hal Wasson says his players set up the meeting in question.
In the balance, two potential serious violations, and two powerhouse programs, leaving some to wonder how did they get that way?
E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


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no root device found.
booting has failed, sleeping forever.
Above is the error you may face with Fedora 12 / 13 Live CDs, this appears with specific hardware, Whereas same Live cd / usb works fine on another laptop / desktop. Most of the time it appears if usb / cd is not configured as first boot device & boot sequence is changed while booting using Function key.
This is the error I usually get on my HP Compaq 6710b laptop.
Following is the only solution seems working.
In BIOS setup enable USB / CD device as first boot device.
Or try changing boot device order.
This is all you need to do, now you'll be able to boot using Live CD which was throwing error on same hardware.
this is intermediate problem.if you find any missing point in here, please let us know in comment section or tweet us at @linuxreaders. To get more articles like this, subscribe to our RSS feeds / Mails.


text:
Reviewed by 1 customer
Best Uses
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Comments about BCBGeneration The J.T.T Bag:
At first I was skeptical because of the little tassels. Once the bag arrived I found it to be perfect. Plenty of compartment's and just the right size.
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Barclays CEO turns down bonus for 2013
Published on Feb 4, 2014 6:04 AM
LONDON (REUTERS) - Barclays Chief Executive Antony Jenkins has turned down his 2013 bonus, saying it would be inappropriate given the bank's hefty bill to pay for past problems and its need to call on investors for cash.
Jenkins could have received a bonus of up to 2.7 million pounds (S$5.66 million). It is the second year he has waived his bonus after becoming chief executive in August 2012.
"I have concluded that it would not be right, in the circumstances, for me to accept a bonus for 2013, and I have therefore respectfully declined the one offered to me by the board," Mr Jenkins said in a statement on Monday.
He said that was because of the very significant costs which have been required to address legacy litigation and conduct issues and the cost of getting out of areas the bank does not want to stay in, such as tax advisory.
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Jeb Bush Says Respect Law Breakers
Jeb Bush, the candidate/non-candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016, says we should show illegal aliens some respect.
As part of an interview with Megyn Kelly to be aired Monday night, the would-be Bush III said we need to "fix the system so that legal immigration is easier than illegal immigration and show some respect for people."
There's no doubt which people Bush is talking about here. They are the line-cutters, the border crashers, the law-breakers.
I guess a case can be made that these folks are due a measure of respect — about the same amount of respect they have shown American laws.
Too bad Rodney Dangerfield isn't here to sort this out.


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Much like the racers it was designed for, the Norco Threshold 2 2013 Cyclocross Bike is a bike that thrives in harsh conditions. A dedicated cyclocross race bike, it is designed to excel in the wild and unforgiving…
Much like the racers it was designed for, the Norco Threshold 2 2013 Cyclocross Bike is a bike that thrives in harsh conditions. A dedicated cyclocross race bike, it is designed to excel in the wild and unforgiving environments that make CX races such a spectacle to behold. The tenacious individuals who win these races are those who find a way to outperform their competitors by riding faster over every type of terrain imaginable: grass, dirt, mud, loose sand, gravel and pavement. Pedal it, carry it, push it – whatever it takes to get over the finish line before everyone else. If you've got the CX attitude, the Threshold is your ticket to ride.
The Threshold is stiff yet lightweight, featuring a proprietary frame design that delivers race-ready performance and snappy, responsive handling. Exceptional rear-end stiffness, anchored by a PressFit30 bottom bracket, means every pedal stroke translates directly into forward momentum. Vertical compliance in the frame dampens impacts so riders can keep charging. Frame geometry is optimized for cyclocross racing, delivering a ride that finds the perfect balance between efficiency and manoeuvrability. Carefully spec'd performance drivetrains deliver in even the harshest of conditions, and cantilever brakes ensure you have as much stopping power as you do going power. Full internal cable routing keeps your cables away from the elements, reducing wear and ensuring precise braking and shifting in all conditions.
- Frame:
Proprietary 30T high-modulus carbon, Tapered head tube, oversized headset, Full internal cable routing, PressFit30 BB, Arsenal Dropout System for gears or single speed compatibility
- Fork:
Threshold 30T High-Modulus Full Carbon
- Front Derailleur:
Sram Apex
- Rear Derailleur:
Sram Apex
- Number of Gears:
- Shifters:
Sram Apex
- Chainset:
FSA Gossamer Cross
- Chainrings:
- Bottom Bracket:
FSA PressFit30
- Cassette:
Sram PG-1050 10speed 11-28T
- Chain:
Sram CN-PC1031 10speed
- Front Brake:
Avid Shorty 4 Cross Cantilever
- Rear Brake:
Avid Shorty 4 Cross Cantilever
- Brake Levers:
Sram Apex
- Handlebars:
Norco Compact – Black w/Grey
- Stem:
Norco – Black w/Grey
- Headset:
FSA No.42 Tapered
- Grips:
Norco Anti-Slip Tape – Charcoal
- Rims:
Alex RA30 Aero 30mm – Black anodized
- Front Hub:
Norco Sport Road 28h – Black
- Rear Hub:
Norco Sport Road 28h – Black
- Spokes:
1.8mm stainless – Black w/Black alloy nipples
- Front Tyre:
Kenda Small Block 8 700×32c – Folding
- Rear Tyre:
Kenda Small Block 8 700×32c – Folding
- Tubes:
Presta Valve – 48mm valve
- Saddle:
Norco Cross Race – Stealth Black
- Seatpost:
Norco – Black w/Grey
- Seat Binder:
CNC alloy – Black
- Weight:
Approx. 19.3lbs
Sizing Guides
Norco 2013 Threshold Carbon Geometry Data
Norco 2013 Threshold Carbon Geometry Chart
Buying Guides
A buying guide that offers general advice on cyclo cross bikes
Customer Reviews
|Product no longer available for purchase
We offer a range of delivery services for our UK and International customers. UK Customers can select our FREE standard delivery option on most non bike orders over £20. Or if you're in a hurry you can upgrade to our Next Day, Saturday or Sunday delivery services. You can also use our free Click & Collect service, where you can collect your purchases from a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores. International customers can benefit from FREE delivery on most orders and save UK VAT if we are shipping outside of the EU.
Bike build & delivery
UK bike delivery charge includes assembly by our fully trained mechanics, pre-delivery inspection and safety check, packing in our custom bike box, multi-tool and delivery from only £9.99 per bike.Click here to see how we deliver your bike
Standard, Next Day, Saturday & Sunday UK delivery
We offer a FREE standard delivery service on orders over £20, as well as Next Day, Saturday & Sunday delivery options to UK addresses. Click here for more details
Click & Collect
Using our Click & Collect service your order will be delivered to a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores nationwide for collection. This service is FREE of charge for all orders. To check store stock and collection times, use the "Check store stock" button above. Click here for more details
International delivery (Incl BFPO, ROI, Channel Island & Isle of Man)
We offer a FREE delivery service on most International orders. Orders delivered outside the EU are exempt from VAT. To calculate the charges for your order simply add products to your basket and proceed through the checkout process, where you will need to enter your delivery details. Our website will present you with the relevant delivery options and the charges for your basket of goods. Click here for more details.
Easy Returns
Our priority is to ensure that you are highly satisfied with your purchase. In the unlikely event that you are not, please feel free to return your goods within 90 days of the purchase date for a full exchange or refund. Returns can be made in your local store or sent back to our distribution centre.


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Year In Pictures 2010
by Betty Swanson
This book showcases the 2010 Hoosier Outlaw Sprint Series racing season.
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HOSS Year In Pictures 2012
Published October 31, 2012
HOSS - Year In Pictures 2011
Published October 10, 2011
Published November 26, 2009
Start your own book today from US $3.99.
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The image you currently have of Joseph Gordon-Levitt is about to get a fistful of bro.
In his upcoming film, "Don Jon" (previously known as "Don Jon's Addiction"), JGL stars as the titular character, a Jersey kid obsessed with three things: chasing women, pumping iron, and watching (lots and lots of) pornography. However, after meeting the girl of his dreams– the awesomely named Barbara Sugarman (played by Scarlett Johansson, in Jersey Housewife attire) — he begins to change the way he views sex.
The film, which was also written and directed by Gordon-Levitt, premiered to rave reviews at this year's Sundance Film Festival. Today, in honor of its screening at SXSW in Austin, Moviefone is happy to debut three exclusive images from it.
"Don Jon," starring Gordon-Levitt, Johansson, Tony Danza, Julianne Moore, Gleanne Headley, and Brie Larson, hits theaters some time in 2013. Check out all three photos below.
EARLIER: 'Don Jon': Joseph Gordon-Levitt's Porn-Filled Directorial Debut Is About Love
[Click to zoom]
[Click to zoom]
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« James Franco Gets His Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (PHOTOS) Justin Bieber Threw 'Massive Hissy Fit' When His Mom Wanted Him On The Cover Of Her Book »


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1984 Cadillac Deville Coupe / 1e Hand !!!A very nice and Cadillac Deville from first hand!The convertible top on the coupe was a very... More
1985 Cadillac Convertible This car is still new in every way! Part of a 40+ Car Collection from 1926 thru 2001 now for sale! Watch... More
1982 Cadillac Convertible Eldorado Opera Convertible 11,000 original miles very rare coach built car everything works A/C Power Top car is rust free and... More
CADILLAC: 1981 Seville opera coupe, 6,000 miles, yes, 6,000 miles, white exterior, museum quality, must see, $25,998; trades welcome; delivery arranged; CARFAX available. Harry... More


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Darn Tough Merino No-Show Sock Cushion
Where to Buy
Manufacturer's Description
Visit Darn Tough's Merino No-Show Sock Cushion page.
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
The Darn Tough Women's True Seamless No Show Light Cushion Running Sock blends comfort and durability to set a new standard in running socks. The super soft merino wool works with the True Seamless design for outstanding comfort while the high-quality stitching provides the level of durability you'd expect from Darn Tough.
- Backcountry.com
The Darn Tough Merino No-Show Cushion is a warm weather sock that doesn't sacrifice any comfort. A high density weave on the bottom of the foot keeps your feet well protected and a lightweight upper keeps your feet comfortable.-- High density cushioning on foot bottom-- Reinforced heel and toe-- Elasic support around the arch-- Ring toe construction for a comforable, invisible seam--
- OMCgear
Designed for running and biking, No-Show Light Cushion Socks for women deliver a blister-free, foot-hugging fit with light cushion that's Darn Tough.
Description of Darn Tough Vermont No Show Merino Wool Cushion SocksHigh density cushioning on foot bottom. Reinforced heel and toe. Elasic support around the arch. Ring toe construction for a comforable, invisible seam.Features67 Merino Wool, 29 Nylon, 4 Lycra Spandex
- US Outdoor Store
Darn Tough Merino No-Show Sock Cushion
currently retails for:
$15.00 - $16.00
$15.00 - $16.00


text:
AUSTIN, Texas, June 22, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Pharmacy Choice and Access Now (PCAN)— a national coalition of consumers, local businesses and pharmacists committed to preserving quality and affordable health care today urged Texas state leaders to act quickly to prevent ongoing harm from the state's new Medicaid managed-care program to community pharmacies and their Medicaid patients. Since the State's shift to managed care in March, dramatically reduced payments to pharmacies participating in the program have led to numerous pharmacy closures and other problems for businesses and patients —problems that are now getting national attention.
"The Texas Medicaid pharmacy program is attracting national attention for all the wrong reasons," said Michael Wright, executive director of the Texas Pharmacy Business Council. "By failing to include simple protections for pharmacies and their patients under managed care, the State is directly facilitating pharmacy closings and loss of jobs. The State is also making it harder for patients to access the pharmacy care they need, especially in rural areas."
A recent New York Times article details the experiences of community pharmacists attempting to adjust to the new system. The piece mentions dramatic reductions in revenue to pharmacies resulting in business closures and ongoing hardships for those still in business; unfair poaching of independent pharmacy customers by CVS Caremark, a managed care pharmacy benefit manager (PBM); computer errors and miscommunications from the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC); and a lack of transparency making it difficult for pharmacies to evaluate PBM contracts.
Wright said pharmacists throughout the state have stressed the need for fair re
|SOURCE Pharmacy Choice and Access Now (PCAN)
Copyright©2012 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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Big Bad Booty Daddy
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Comments Thread For: Sillakh: I'm Ready, I Know I Can Beat Sergey Kovalev
Light heavyweight contender Ismayl "Black Russian" Sillakh (21-1, 17KOs) of Ukraine, is confident he will unseat WBO champion Sergey "Krusher" Kovalev (22-0-1, 20KOs) of Russia on Saturday night at the Pepsi Coliseum in Quebec City, Canada. The fight will be televised on HBO.
Sillkah, once regarded as one of the best prospects in boxing, is looking to redeem his career after suffering an upset TKO defeat to Denis Garchev in April of 2012. At the moment he was stopped, Sillakh was well ahead on the cards and knocked Grachev down in the third. Sillakh has won four in a row since, three of those wins by knockout. Kovalev had been destroying his opponents, including a recent four round demolition of previously undefeated Nathan Cleverly of the UK to win the title. [Click Here To Read More]
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Kovalev is going to rape that guy unless Silakh dramatically improves all of a sudden
Join Date: Aug 2013
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i know no one is giving him a shot but call me crazy i really believe he can pull the upset off if he stays focused. dude is a world class boxer hopefully his power can keep kov on the outside
Undisputed Champion
Join Date: Sep 2013
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Total Points: 1,023,416.73
Kovalev is one of the best in the division. No worries for Kovalev. I hope to see a Kovalev vs Stevenson matchup.
Hype Beast
Join Date: Dec 2006
Location: Caribbean
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Total Points: 256,195,830,860,490.69
Syllakh will win. He will fight smart and win a decision. He has the tools and skills, not the chin. He knows this, he will be cautious and box to a decision.
Interim Champion
Join Date: Mar 2012
Location: Breda, The Netherlands
Posts: 509
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Hype Beast
Join Date: Dec 2006
Location: Caribbean
Posts: 24,584
Rep Power: 113
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Bank: 183,749,296,538,416.41
Total Points: 256,195,830,860,490.69
He is getting overlooked because he lost once by stoppage and he's facing a puncher. Boxing fans always go crazy for one fighter who's on a tear and forget the fighter with 1 loss. This fight will be all about is Sillakh a better boxer than Kovalev is a puncher, and I think he is. We'll see tomorrow.
Join Date: Aug 2013
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Streets Ahead
Join Date: Sep 2011
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He has the skill and the pedigree. Too bad lost all my faith in his defense in the Grachev fight. If somebody crude like that can get through and crack you, Kovalev will do worse
First Time Skeptic
Join Date: Jul 2013
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Sillakh is getting overrated again already. Some fighters just have it made, get exposed but still get nuthuggers. He's a good boxer puncher with so-so defense and a weak beard. Kovalev is also a good boxer, something people keep overlooking, and when he got tested against Boone, he passed it. Sillakh didn't pass his test and he won't beat Kovalev either.
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Linux on Linksys Wi-Fi Routers
Wireless networking has become a mass-market technology, and the price of 802.11 or Wi-Fi gear has fallen to commodity levels. Several thousand competitors with virtually identical products now are vying for your Wi-Fi dollars. In this kind of competitive space it is natural for manufacturers to seek the lowest cost alternatives. Their choice? Linux, of course.
Linux has become the premium OS for inexpensive, feature-packed wireless networking. Linksys, one of the major wireless players, turned to Linux for its 802.11g next-generation Wi-Fi devices. When Cisco bought Linksys in early 2003, it inherited both the Linux devices and an emerging feud over the unreleased GPL source code. After several months of lobbying by open-source enthusiasts, Cisco relented and released the source.
The Linksys WRT54G product (Figure 1) is especially interesting due to its low price and internal hardware. The WRT54G contains a four-port Ethernet hub, an Ethernet WAN port, support for the new high-speed 54MB/s 802.11g wireless protocol and backward compatibility with older 802.11b devices.
But what the WRT54G lacks is what makes it interesting. Under the hood the unit sports a 125MHz MIPS processor with 16MB of RAM. This is more than enough horsepower to run some serious applications, so why not add some?
The latest source on the Linksys site is about 145MB in size and contains a complete toolchain for MIPS cross development (see "The Linksys WRT54G Source Tree" sidebar).
Follow the instructions for creating symlink and PATH additions in the README file in the WRT54G/src subdirectory. Then cd to the router subdirectory and run make menuconfig. Keep the standard options for your first build, and click through to create your configuration files. cd up one level to the WRT54G/src directory and type make. That's all there is to it. A file called code.bin is created in the WRT54G/image directory containing a compressed cramfs filesystem and a Linux 2.4.20 kernel.
Now comes the scary part—how do you get this new firmware on to your Linksys? There are two methods, by tftp or through the Web-based firmware upgrade interface. I suggest you use the Web upgrade for your first try.
Surf to your Linksys box—the default address is 192.168.1.1—and log in. Select Firmware Upgrade from the Administration menu and upload your code.bin file. The router now restarts. Congratulations, you have just modded your Linksys box.
The existence of Linux on the WRT54G was discovered through a bug in the ping utility in the Diagnostics menu. Firmware versions prior to 1.42.2 allowed arbitrary code to be run from the ping window if surrounded by back-ticks. If you have a box with the older firmware, try typing `ls -l /` in the ping window's IP address field. Voilà—a listing of the root directory magically appears.
The ping hack allows curious folks to explore their boxes without modifying the source. But exploring by way of the ping window is slow and tedious. What we really need is a shell on the box.
By expanding the ping hack in the source code, a custom firmware image can be created with the full power of a Linux shell over the Web interface. See the on-line Resources section URLs on how to create the command shell.
But why stop there? The default firmware's cramfs filesystem leaves 200K of Flash memory free. There is room for many useful applications, such as telnet or Secure Shell or perhaps even a VPN client or server.
One useful command supplied by Linksys in binary form only is wl. The wl command contains several dozen internal commands that control wireless settings, including the popular power adjustment setting. Typing wl with no parameters produces a complete list of its capabilities.
The default power setting on the WRT54G is 28 milliwatts, and this setting cannot be changed externally. But by using the ping hack or a shell, you can change this with wl, using the txpwr subcommand and a number between 1 and 84 milliwatts. This number raises or lowers the default power setting until the next reboot.
Increasing the power setting or replacing the stock antennas may increase your radio output and violate local laws. If you replace the stock antennas and lower the power setting, your unit's range can be extended significantly while remaining within legal radio power limits.
The WRT54G supports two external antennas and automatically balances between them depending on which received the last active packet. When adding a more powerful external antenna, this is not the setup that you want. You need to force the unit to choose the high power antenna every time. This is done with wl txant for receiving and wl antdiv for sending. A 0 parameter forces the left antenna coupling and a 1 forces the right, as you face the front panel.
dreambox 500s
Thanks for your sharing! very impressive!
Wireless signal through a metal shed
Any one know what equipment I need to send a wirless signal from my router across the yard through a metal shed so I can get a signal on the inside.
You need an ethernet cable
You need an ethernet cable punched through the wall and ran across your yard. connect the ethernet cable to a switch in your house and you are good to go. Physics dictates that you won't be able to send a good signal through your faraday cage, uh, I mean metal shed. :-p
Ping Hack Script
Here's a free ping hack script.
Tools and Technologies for Scale and Reliability
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|June 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: Networking
|Jun 01, 2015
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- New Linux Based OS Brings Internet of Things Closer to Reality
- Initializing and Managing Services in Linux: Past, Present and Future
- My Humble Little Game Collection
- Dr Hjkl on the Command Line
- Using Hiera with Puppet
- Gartner Dubs DivvyCloud Cool Cloud Management Vendor
- Infinite BusyBox with systemd
- Goodbye, Pi. Hello, C.H.I.P.
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