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Obesity is a main threat to public health in the Western world and is associated with diseases such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart diseases. Up to now a minority of research studied the relation between obesity and the use of primary health care. In the Netherlands the general practitioner (GP) is the main primary health care provider. The objective of this article is to evaluate GP consultation and prescription of drugs in moderate and severely overweight (obese) persons in the Netherlands.
Data were used from a representative survey of morbidity in Dutch general practice in 2001. Our study sample consisted of 8,944 adult respondents (18+ years) who participated in an extensive health interview. Interview data were linked to morbidity and prescription registration data from 95 general practices where respondents were listed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported height and weight. Analyses were controlled for clustering within practices as well as for socio-demographic and life style characteristics.
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was observed in 8.9% of men and 12.4% of women; for moderate overweight (BMI 25-<30 kg/m2) these percentages were 42.2% and 30.4% respectively. Obese men and women were more likely to consult their GP than persons without overweight. This especially holds for diseases of the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system, the gastro-intestinal system, and skin problems. Related to this, obese men and women were more likely to receive drugs for the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system, alimentary tract and metabolism (including, for example, antidiabetics), and dermatologicals, but also antibiotics and drugs for the respiratory system. For moderately overweight men and women (BMI 25-<30 kg/m2) smaller but significant differences were found for diseases of the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system.
Obesity increases the workload of Dutch general practitioners and the use of prescribed medication. The current increase in the prevalence of obesity will further increase the use of health care and related costs. Since a large majority of Dutch persons visit their GP over the course of one year, GPs' potential role in effective prevention strategies cannot be denied.
Obesity is one of the main threats to public health in the Western world [1,2]. It is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus [e.g. [3-10]]. Other health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders, psychological problems, osteoarthritis, cancer, and respiratory problems have been related to obesity as well [11-17]. Obesity decreases life expectancy with almost seven years [18] and obese persons have an impaired quality of life [19]. Costs of obesity in various countries have been estimated at 4 to 8% of total health care costs [20-24]. In the Netherlands about 40% of the population is overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) and about 10% of the total population is obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) [25]. Although the prevalence of obesity in the Netherlands is still lower than in most other European countries [2,26] and the USA [27], an increase has been observed over the last decade [28] This trend is worrying and prompted the National Health Council of the Netherlands to urge for further research with respect to assessing trends and examining effective prevention strategies [28].
Up to now, a minority of studies focused on the association between obesity and the use of primary care. In Anglo-Saxon countries, where the problem of obesity is even more abound than in the Netherlands, it was found that obesity increased the use of primary health care as well as the use of prescribed medication [24,29,30]. These studies, however, did not include information on persons with modest overweight. Moreover, they did not take into account other life style factors such as smoking habits, exercising, and alcohol consumption. In the Netherlands, extra need for health care caused by obesity and overweight will primarily be handled by general practitioners. Dutch GPs have an important role within the health care system since they perform a gatekeeper role. All Dutch inhabitants are listed with a general practice and the GP is the first one to be consulted for health problems. Dutch GPs deal with 96% of all problems themselves; only in 4% of their consultations GPs refer their patients to a medical specialist or to other primary care providers [31]. Prescribing drugs is the most common treatment in Dutch general practice [31,32] and it generates considerable cost: almost € 3.8 billion in 2001 [33]. GPs prescribe the majority of medication in the Netherlands [34].
It is not clear what the extra need for GP care and associated treatment among obese and moderately overweight patients in the Netherlands is. In this study we compare GP consultation and drug prescribing in obese and moderately overweight Dutch adults (18+ years) with GP consultation and drug prescribing in Dutch adults without overweight taking into account socio-demographic characteristics and other life style factors.
Data were used from the Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice in 2001 [35]. This nationwide survey was conducted by the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL) in cooperation with the National Institute for Public Health. At first, practices already participating in the Dutch National Information Network of General Practice (LINH) were invited to participate in this study because of their experience in the use of electronic medical records [36]. Sixty-one LINH-practices agreed to participate. To recruit more practices a mailing was sent out to a sample of GPs stratified with respect to type of practice, level of urbanisation, and region. Stratification was used to increase the representativeness of the participants. Another 43 practices were willing to participate. The 104 general practices compromised 195 GPs. The participating GPs were representative for the Dutch GP population on age, sex, part-time/fulltime working, urbanisation level, and region. Single-handed practices were under-represented.
In the Netherlands, all inhabitants are listed in a general practice. The patient population of the 104 practices was representative for the Dutch population as a whole [35,36]. Approximately 5% of the Dutch-speaking listed patients in the 104 practices were asked to participate in an extensive health interview (n = 19,685). A letter from the GP accompanied the invitations. Selection for the interview was random, with a fixed target per full-time GP. The response rate to the interview was 64.5% and the total number of respondents was 12,699; 9,685 respondents were 18 years or older. The distribution of the respondents according to age, gender and residence was comparable to that of the Dutch population [35]. Privacy of the participating persons was guaranteed and in accordance with Dutch legislation. Patients were informed about the study prior to the start of the data collection via a personal letter written by their GP and by announcements in the practice [35].
Trained interviewers interviewed respondents at home. The interviews were evenly distributed among four consecutive 3-months periods to correct for seasonal influences. Items used for this study included self-reported weight and height, socio-economic status, and life style characteristics. Interview data of the respondents were linked to their morbidity and prescription data as registered by their GP in 2001. Over the course of one year, GPs who participated in the survey registered all contacts with their patients. This included face-to-face consultations as well as telephone consultations and repeat prescriptions. Every single health problem presented within a consultation was coded by the GP using the International Classification for Primary Care (ICPC) [37]. When a patient presented two complaints within one consultation, these were coded as two separate (sub)consultations. Different consultations for the same health problem were clustered into disease episodes. Medical students who were trained by NIVEL staff members did this after the data collection. GPs also registered all prescriptions using the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical (ATC) coding system [38]. Therefore it is known for every patient how often he or she contacted the GP and for which health problems. Moreover, it was known how many prescriptions the patient received and what type of medication it was. Patients from nine practices were excluded because of insufficient quality of the morbidity and/or prescription registration data (n = 543 patients). Another 198 respondents were excluded because of incomplete data on weight and/or height or a BMI of < 15 kg/m2. Included in the analyses were 8,944 respondents with complete data (men: 4,048; women: 4,896).
As a measure for overweight and obesity, body mass index (BMI) was used. BMI was based on self-reported weight and height. Three groups were distinguished: without overweight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), moderately overweight (BMI 25- < 30 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). GP consultation was assessed in different ways. The first measure was whether or not the patient visited the GP during the year of registration. Moreover, the number of consultations with the GP was assessed. As stated before, every consultation was coded according to the ICPC. This classification contains different chapters, each referring to a group of diseases. When a patient consulted the GP for hypertension, this patient was coded as having consulted the GP for a complaint/disease in ICPC-chapter K (cardiovascular diseases).
The assessment of drug prescribing was comparable to that of GP consultation. The first assessment referred to the question whether or not the patient received at least one prescription in 2001. The number of prescriptions per patient was also assessed. The ATC-classification system distinguishes drugs for different diseases. For each ATC-chapter it was assessed whether the patient got at least one prescription (versus none) within the respective chapter.
Since both obesity and morbidity are associated with lower socio-economic status, age, and lifestyle [39], analyses were controlled for these factors. Included variables were: age, type of health insurance (private/public), place of residence (urban/rural), educational level (low/middle/high), smoking (current smoker/non-smoker), alcohol consumption (no alcohol consumption/1–2 glasses per day/more than 2 glasses per day) and number of days per week that respondents spends at least 30 minutes in exercise activities such as walking, cycling, and gardening (never/1 to 3 days per week/4 to 6 days per week/every day).
Three categories for BMI were distinguished in all analyses: without overweight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), moderately overweight (BMI 25- <30 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Moreover, men and women were analysed separately. We compared socio-demographics and life style characteristics for the three BMI-categories. Differences between BMI-categories were tested with chi-square tests. Chi-square tests were also used to test differences between BMI-categories in the proportion of respondents who consulted their GP and the proportion of respondents who received a prescription. We used multilevel logistic regression to calculate the odds of visiting the GP for a certain ICPC-code. Reference category in these analyses was the BMI-category "no overweight". The multilevel design was chosen because of the nested structure of the data – our patients were sampled from general practices -. It was also used to assess differences between BMI-categories in drug prescribing for specific ATC-chapters. All multilevel logistic regressions were controlled for sociodemographic and life style variables.
Prevalence of obesity and overweight
Obesity was reported by 8.9% of male and 12.4% of female respondents (Table 1). Men were more often moderately overweight than women: 42.2% and 30.4% respectively. Both male and female respondents with moderate overweight and obesity were less well educated, more often had public health insurance, spent less time in exercising, but had a lower alcohol consumption compared to respondents without overweight. Especially in the age category 55–74 years women more often were obese, while for men the age category 35–54 years was overrepresented among the obese group as well. Overweight and obese women smoked less often than women without overweight.
Table 1. Distributions of sociodemographic and life style characteristics among BMI-categories; men and women (N = 8,944)a)
GP consultation
The percentage of respondents who consulted their GP at least once in 2001 was highest among obese respondents and lowest among respondents with BMI < 25 kg/m2. While 82.2% of obese men consulted their GP in 2001, 72.7% of men without overweight did so (Figure 1). For women the difference was smaller: 90% of obese women and 85.6% of women without overweight contacted their GP in 2001.
Figure 1. Percentage of men and women consulting their GP and receiving a prescription according to BMI (n = 8,944)a).
The number of visits to the GP in 2001 was higher in obese men compared to men without overweight (Figure 2). The difference was highest among the eldest: obese men in this age category visited their GP twice as often compared to their peers without overweight. Obese women in all age categories, except the eldest, consulted their GP more often than women without overweight.
Figure 2. Average number of visits to GP by age and BMI in 2001 (N = 8,944).
Table 2 and Table 3 show that, for both men and women, differences in GP consultation can be attributed to some categories of diseases in particular. Differences in consultation rates between respondents without overweight and obese respondents were most profound for diseases of the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system, the gastro-intestinal system, skin problems and, in women, diseases of the respiratory system. These differences remained significant after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and life style factors. For diseases of the cardiovascular and endocrine system differences between obese and non-overweight respondents were larger in men than in women.
Table 2. Differences in GP consultation of men in different BMI-categories: bivariate and multilevel analyses
Table 3. Differences in GP consultation of women in different BMI-categories: bivariate and multilevel analyses
Moderately overweight men and women (BMI 25- <30 kg/m2) were more likely to consult their GP for cardiovascular problems as well as musculoskeletal problems and diseases of the endocrine system than non-overweight persons but less likely than obese respondents.
Drug prescribing
The percentage of respondents who received a prescription in 2001 was highest among obese respondents and lowest among those without overweight. Differences were larger for men than for women (Figure 1). Considerable differences existed between the average numbers of prescriptions for the three BMI-categories (Figure 3), although there were some differences between men and women and for different age categories. The largest difference was found in women aged 55–74 years. Non-overweight women in this age category received 9.9 prescriptions while their obese peers received almost twice as many prescriptions: 18.0.
Figure 3. Average number of prescriptions received from GP by age and BMI (N = 8,944).
In almost all ATC-categories a significant difference between the BMI-categories was observed in the percentage of respondents who received a prescription (Table 4 and Table 5). After controlling for socio-demographic and life style characteristics it proved that GPs prescribed more often drugs for the cardiovascular system, drugs for the musculoskeletal system, drugs for the alimentary tract and metabolism (including for example antidiabetics), and dermatologicals to obese men and women than to non-overweigh respondents. The prescription of these drugs is related to the diseases for which obese respondents had a higher probability of consulting their GP. Obese respondents were more likely to receive prescriptions for antibiotics and drugs for the respiratory system as well.
Table 4. Differences in prescribed drugs for men in different BMI-categories: bivariate and multilevel analyses
Table 5. Differences in prescribed drugs for women in different BMI-categories: bivariate and multilevel analyses
Moderately overweight men and women (BMI 25- <30 kg/m2) were more likely to get prescribed drugs for the cardiovascular system and for the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, moderately overweight men more often received drugs for blood and blood forming organs compared to men without overweight, while moderately overweight women received more prescriptions for drugs of the respiratory system than non-overweight women.
Comparison with previous research
The results of this cross-sectional study show that obesity increases the workload of Dutch general practitioners. Independent of differences in gender, age, social status and life style, obese Dutch persons are more likely to consult their GP and need pharmacotherapeutical care more often. This was also found in countries with a higher proportion of obese inhabitants than the Netherlands: the UK and the US [24,29,30]. Differences in GP consultation are largest for diseases of the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system, which is in line with findings of previous epidemiological research on the positive association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis (as described in the introductory part of this contribution). Moreover, obese persons were more likely to consult their GP for skin problems and gastro-intestinal problems. Drug prescribing was largely related to the morbidity pattern, as was also found in a study published by the Counterweight Team [24]. However, obese persons were more likely to use antibiotics and drugs for respiratory system, while they did not consult the GP more often for respiratory problems. For this latter group of drugs, it may well be that obese persons consulted the medical specialist, but received their (repeat) prescriptions from their GP. Obese persons were not likely to present more psychological problems to their GP, while it has been suggested that psychological problems and obesity are associated [28]. Earlier research on the impact of obesity on the use of primary health care did not include persons with moderate overweight (BMI 25- < 30 kg/m2) [24,29,30]. Moderately overweight persons consulted their GP more often for diseases of the endocrine system, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal problems and got more prescriptions related to these diseases than persons without overweight, albeit differences with non-overweight persons were clearly smaller than for obese persons. It should be noted that we included persons (n = 173) with low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) in our reference category. Albeit these persons tend to consult their GP more often, additional bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that there was hardly any significant difference between them and persons with BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2 . Previous studies in this field did not assess men and women separately [24,29,30]. Our results showed that there are some differences between men and women, but these differences are not striking.
Strengths and limitations
This study used cross-sectional data from almost 10,000 Dutch adult persons who were listed in 95 general practices. Data from a health interview were linked to data from their GP's registration. The combination of such extensive interview data combined with GP registration data is unique. The extensive interview data made it possible to control the analyses for a large set of possible confounders such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercising. Moreover, clustering within general practices was taken into account in the multilevel analyses. Contrary to the Counterweight Project [24,30] our study was not specifically developed to study the impact of obesity on health care use. Therefore, it is not plausible to assume a bias in the participation of general practitioners with regard to the topic of our study. However, patients' participation in the health interview may be biased. There was a 34.5 percent non-response to the health interview. It has been found that non-respondents more often have poorer health [40]. Therefore, it may be well that obese and overweight persons more often refused to participate in the interview.
Another limitation of the study is the use of self-reported data on weight and height. A recent study by Ezzati et al showed that women tend to underreport their weight [41]. Men did not, but young and middle-aged men over-report their height. Both phenomena lead to an underestimation of BMI. This would imply that the impact of weight on the use of GP care and on drug prescribing is underestimated in our study. However, Ezzati et al also showed that the bias was larger in telephone interviews compared to in-person interviews. Such face-to-face interviews clearly promote the validity of answers on self-reported height and weight. The proportions of overweight and obese persons we found in our study were almost comparable to those of Dutch studies where weight and height were actually measured by the study personnel [28].
Clinical implications
Almost all obese and moderately overweight persons consult their GP at least once a year. Because of these high consultation rates, GPs' potential role in weight management, the prevention of complications of obesity, and related use of health care is strong. Moreover, it can be assumed that advice to lose weight is more effective if linked to patients' health problems such as coronary heart disease, musculoskeletal problems and diabetes mellitus. However, up to now weight management is not embedded in general practice. British researchers argued that obesity is under-recognized in primary care [42]. There is no reason to assume that this is different in the Netherlands. Attempts have been made to improve weight management in primary care in the UK, with some attempts being more successful than others [43-45]. As such, there still seems to be need for good weight management systems in general practice and for methods with long-term effects. First of all, it seems important that GP acknowledge their role in weight management more than they currently do. GPs tend to conceptualise obesity in terms of responsibility and they consider weight management to be the patient's responsibility [46]. As such GPs do not think that weight management is within their professional domain. However, given the results of the present and other studies [24,29,30,47] it would be worthwhile if GPs should become aware of the important role they potentially can have in weight management and related health care use. This is especially true for countries like the Netherlands where GPs function as gatekeepers and usually are the first professionals confronted with health care problems of their patients.
Obesity and, to a lesser extent, moderate overweight, increase the workload of Dutch general practitioners and the use of prescribed medication. The current expansion in the prevalence of obesity will further increase the use of health care and related costs, especially for diseases of the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system. This prompted the National Health Council of the Netherlands to urge for further examination of effective prevention strategies in this area. Since a large majority of all Dutch persons visit their GP over the course of a year, GPs' potential role in prevention strategies cannot be denied.
Competing interests
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
LvD formulated the research question, designed and managed the study, drafted and revised the manuscript. HO and AS advised on the analyses and critically reviewed draft versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice was funded by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
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Pre-publication history
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Slick Pulla ft. Fabo - Watching Me
Artist: Slick Pulla
Featuring: Fabo
Producer: KC
Album: Trapublican
Avg Rating: 2.8 ( 24 votes )
Being the protégé of a big name artist can be a gift and a curse. On one hand you have major support, but on the other you might never step out from beyond their shadow (ask Memphis Bleek). Trying his luck is Young Jeezy protégé (ergo CTE/USDA second-in-command) Slick Pulla with his new single, Watchin' Me. Slick's melodic rhyme-scheme sounds extremely similar to Jeezy's, which would usually mean a death sentence for the start of a solo career. However, Fabo's hook and production from KC give Watchin' Me a futuristic sound and a solid chance to succeed. To find out whether Slick Pulla is able to step out from beyond Jeezy's shadow, check out Trapublican when it hits stores in 2008.
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My name is Sue...How do you do...;)
I've been lampworking for 24 years., self taught but have studied with Leah Fairbanks, Brian Kirlvliet, Michael Barley, Kimberly Affleck and includes a short stint at Dale Chihuly's Boat House. I even have my husband working with glass now, doing marbles and pendants out of boro glass.
Currently working on a new website but you can still see the remains of my old one at the below referenced URL.
Currently a glass tester for Creation of Messy Glass and Frantz Art Glass.
I am a member of SRA...#S163
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10 September 2013 23:00 [Source: ICIS news]
LONDON (ICIS)--INEOS' high density polyethylene (HDPE) plant at Sarralbe in northeast ?xml:namespace>
INEOS spokesman Richard Longden told ICIS that as part of the announcement to close the cracker, Total had said it would invest in the logistics necessary to ensure the delivery of ethylene and propylene to its customers in the region.
"This potentially allows INEOS to operate the Sarralbe HDPE plant beyond the Carling cracker closure" in 2015, Longden said in an emailed statement.
"Although information is somewhat limited at this time, we generally welcome the commitment from Total to invest in the logistics necessary to ensure the delivery of ethylene and propylene to customers in the region, which should allow these assets to continue to operate after the closure of the Carling cracker in 2015," he added.
"INEOS customers are unaffected by [Total's] announcement [to close the cracker] and INEOS continues to focus on the safe and reliable operation of the Sarralbe facility to 2015 and beyond," he said.
INEOS' polypropylene (PP) unit at Sarralbe has not been supplied by the Carling cracker for many years and therefore is not impacted by the planned cracker closure, he said.
Longden also said that INEOS is "considering a number of strategic options for the supply of ethylene beyond 2015".
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According to information on INEOS' website, the company has production capacities for 195,000 tonnes/year of HDPE and 90,000 tonnes/year of PP at Sarralbe.
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Was the Human Genome Project the key to a gold mine?
March 27, 2013|
Attacks on my work aimed at undermining climate change science have turned me into a public figure. I have come to embrace that role.
March 18, 2013|
Next-generation sequencing diagnostics are already being used, and patients are ready.
December 12, 2012|
In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, climate scientists should make their consensus about climate change known to all who care to listen.


text: Archives > Writers < Prior Page Page 4 of 8 Next Page > California judge flushes bathroom bill repeal effort By Sarah PadburyPosted April 24, 2014Courts | A coalition hoping to repeal California's "Co-ed Bathroom Bill" faced another setback last week when a judge struck down its request that the state… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/04/california_judge_flushes_bathroom_bill_repeal_effort] Tax benefit at risk for ministers of all faiths By Sarah PadburyPosted April 17, 2014Religious Liberty | Faith groups such as the Eastern Orthodox Church, Hindus, Muslims, and Protestants together filed an amicus brief last week in support of tax-exempt housing… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/04/tax_benefit_at_risk_for_ministers_of_all_faiths] Alabama lawmaker loses $100,000 bet over transracial adoption By Sarah PadburyPosted April 10, 2014Adoption | More than 100 people rallied on the Alabama State House steps Wednesday to demand a state representative "pay up" on a $100,000 bet that no one could show… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/04/alabama_lawmaker_loses_100_000_bet_over_transracial_adoption] Bus company refuses ad space to pro-life group By Sarah PadburyPosted April 10, 2014Free Speech | An Indiana bus company that refused to let a pro-life group advertise on city buses in Ft. Wayne is going to have to justify its decision in federal court. [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/04/bus_company_refuses_ad_space_to_pro_life_group] From orphan to advocate By Sarah PadburyPosted April 4, 2014Lifestyle | Adopted from Romania, Izidor Ruckel was an angry teen until he felt God's call [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/04/from_orphan_to_advocate] FBI stops promoting far-left group as a 'hate crime' resource By Sarah PadburyPosted April 3, 2014Culture | The FBI removed the far-left group Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) from its hate-crime resource list last week. The listing disappeared without official… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/04/fbi_stops_promoting_far_left_group_as_a_hate_crime_resource] 'Burger King Baby' finds—and forgives—birth mom who abandoned her By Sarah PadburyPosted March 26, 2014Newsworthy | Scared and alone, pregnant after being raped, Katheryn Deprill's birth mother left her infant daughter in a Pennsylvania Burger King 27 years ago. Deprill… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/03/burger_king_baby_finds_and_forgives_birth_mom_who_abandoned_her] Volunteers must leave Maine campus ministry By Sarah PadburyPosted March 22, 2014Education | The leaders of a campus ministry at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, must step down as of May 1 because they refused to sign… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/03/volunteers_must_leave_maine_campus_ministry] Female leaders say they don't need 'bossy' banned By Sarah PadburyPosted March 13, 2014Culture | A campaign designed to support female leaders has stirred a controversy among the women it purports to help. The "Ban Bossy" movement was started by… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/03/female_leaders_say_they_don_t_need_bossy_banned] Constitutional sexting defense saves teacher from prosecution By Sarah PadburyPosted Feb. 27, 2014Free Speech | Prosecutors in Texas dismissed charges last week against a teacher caught exchanging explicit text messages with a middle school student, claiming the texts… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/02/constitutional_sexting_defense_saves_teacher_from_prosecution] Death and life By Sarah PadburyPosted Feb. 21, 2014Life | State laws and difficult choices confront families of brain-dead mothers [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/02/death_and_life] Bama backs down censorship of pro-life display By Sarah PadburyPosted Feb. 20, 2014Religious Liberty | A University of Alabama administrator apologized Monday for removing a pro-life display from the school's student center and said the pro-life student group… [http://www.worldmag.com/2014/02/bama_backs_down_censorship_of_pro_life_display] < Prior Page Page 4 of 8 Next Page >


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WSU Arts and Humanities
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text:
Mirror Reporter
Local News
Going cold turkey!
Wednesday, 08 January 2014 12:40
Gobbler hunt provides chilling experience
by Lowell Washburn
It was something I've been putting off for way too long. Last weekend, I finally crossed the bridge. Finally made the decision to go cold turkey -- literally.
What I mean to say is that I literally ventured into the snow clad woodlands and attempted to bag an end of the season wild turkey -- with bow and arrow. Traditional bow hunting has become one of my favorite outdoor pastimes and wild turkeys
Sworn into service at Ventura
Thursday, 02 January 2014 10:02
Outgoing Ventura Mayor George Simpson administered the Oath of Office to
Get a fresh start
Thursday, 02 January 2014 10:00
Library offers 'Food for Fines' during January
The Clear Lake Public Library will accept canned foods in payment for fines during the month of January. Food items collected will be donated to the Hawkeye Harvest Food Bank.
Couple reports snowmobiles, trailer stolen Christmas Eve
Thursday, 02 January 2014 10:00
A Clear Lake couple reported a grinch-like tale on Christmas Eve.
Todd and Alanna Engels noticed on Monday both of their Polaris snowmobiles, along with their trailer, were missing from their property. On Tuesday they reported the theft to the Cerro Gordo County Sheriff's Office.
Page 83 of 240


text:
- Home
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One of our most remote hostels, this former 18th Century inn is a beautiful rural retreat in the corner of the Brecon Beacons. It has spectacular views of the Sawdde Valley and trails lead to the legendary Llyn-y-Fan glacial lake, great for walking holidays.
08.00 - 10.00
17.00 - 22.00
17.00 - 22.00
08.00 - 10.00
Free parking on site.
Pets are not permitted at YHA Llanddeusant. Assistance dogs are welcome.
The Old Red Lion, Llanddeusant, Camarthenshire, SA19 9UL
From the M4 J32 (A470 to A40). From A40 Brecon - Llandovery, turn left in Trecastle at Castle Coaching Inn. After 9 miles turn left opposite the Red Kite Cafe, then 1 mile to the hostel on the right. From the west take the A40 via Llandeilo then right for A4069 (Llangadog - Brynamman road). Turn left opposite Three Horseshoes. Follow hostel signs.
|+44 845 371 9750
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To enjoy YHA Llanddeusant for just you, your friends and family visit our YHA Exclusive Hire website and hire out the whole property. Bookings available all year round.
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36.3 Miles


text:
I been poor, won't break me
from J. Cole – Louis Vuitton Lyrics on Genius
Rags to Riches. J. Cole comes from property. When you've been accustom to nothing, going back isn't as hard as if you've always been fortunate.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit J. Cole – Louis Vuitton Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


text:
Nevada prostitution tax debated
Guy Rocha, in an interview prior to Tuesday's hearing, said legislators just don't want to deal with such a politically charged issue and instead "just want it to go away."
"Religious conservatives will line up with liberals and feminists who see this as demeaning to women," Rocha said. "Some don't want to give prostitution any legitimacy, even though it's legal in many rural counties."
The Mustang Ranch east of Reno was licensed as Nevada's first legal brothel in 1971. Brothels now operate in outlying areas around the state, paying local jurisdictions assorted fees that can be a significant portion of their budgets.


text:
Fr. Z offers a lovely account of the election of Pope Francis that is filled with love and joy. Delightful. Well done, Fr. Z!
Extra added bonus Way to Go awesomeness points to Fr. Z for this follow up.
Mark Shea's Blog: So That No Thought of Mine, No Matter How Stupid, Should Ever Go Unpublished Again!
Fr. Z offers a lovely account of the election of Pope Francis that is filled with love and joy. Delightful. Well done, Fr. Z!
Extra added bonus Way to Go awesomeness points to Fr. Z for this follow up.
Oh thank goodness! When my sister told me late yesterday that Fr Z's blog still had the "vacant seat" sign up and he hadn't posted anything yet, I grew worried. I said a quick prayer that he hadn't gone off the deep end. Hey, stranger things have happened.
Yay for Fr Z!
Anyone who reads Fr. Z. regularly would not be surprised at his reaction.
As a member of an FSSP staffed parish, I guess I might be called a traditionalist as well, though the label I prefer is "Catholic." My reaction mirrors Fr. Z. While certainly knowing less about our new pope than the good father, I had tears of joy at his beautiful greeting and blessing. And taking the name "Francis" is just so exciting! St. Francis Xavier (watch out, China!), St. Francis of Assisi, (rebuild My Church!) and St. Francis de Sales (holiness for the common man!) are such fantastic patrons. May God continue to grant Pope Francis the zeal, humility and wisdom of the great Saints of that name.
Well, it seems like some of his regular commenters have gotten themselves into a tizzy. But his later post (linked by vox borealis) really heartened me too. I like to read Fr. Z and have learned a lot about the liturgy from reading him, but so many of the folks in his comboxes are just cah-razy (and seem to think he shares their views).
Define "so many." I think if you took the extremists that post on RC and those that show up in the commboxes at Father Z"s blog, you couldn't even fill up a church.
You are probably right, and now that Fr. Z is back it seems like he is filtering out the crazy pretty well. But it was getting overwhelming on a few posts (that said, it was the same few people over and over and over again. Because everyone knows if you yell the loudest and the most, you win.) On most posts it's usually no more than one or two (the ones that get a lot of comments, anyway), and in those cases my annoyance probably triples my estimation of the number of crazy folks. I could just not read the comboxes, but I'm a glutton for punishment.
Another good traditional blog:
I saw your headline on the RSS feed and immediately thought some radical traditionalist had posted something incredibly offensive. I was relieved to discover that it was a reference to Fr. Z's well written and touching column.
I love Fr. Z's blog and this blog. I am a regular reader of both, although I don't tend to comment much. I wanted to express thanks for the post and the follow up! : )
For these two posts, Fr. Z is a hero. They are a work of great mercy.
I was just told by a traddie, "So many have personally invested in this Pope already, seemingly just because he is the current pope. It's like papolatry. Yes, the Holy Spirit moves in the conclave, but that doesn't mean the cardinals listen. All we've got from the Holy Spirit for sure is that the pope won't err when speaking on faith and morals, a pretty low bar."
Rad Trads, always vigilant against the mortal sins of faith, hope, and charity. God forbid people should like the guy or admire something about him.
Quite so. Although my personal favorite was the part about the "low bar". I'm considering pasting that over the picture of the then-cardinal kissing the feet of AIDS patients and babies.
Fr. Z doesnt lump people who have concerns with Obama and children watching Harry Potter with holocaust deniers like Shea does. Shea is a purist when it come to lying, but when it come to being charitable…not so much.
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text:
5 Points
Nov 29, 2006 12:43 PM|davidgreenbe|LINK
I've been using ASP.NET for a while using Visual Studio 2003, but I still have a huge lingering blind spot.
My application requires that the text in a label be constructed at runtime and be centered or right justified. If I use a web controls label, apparently I can set the text at runtime but I can't figure out how to right align it. If I use a HTML label, apparently I can align it but I can't set the text at runtime.
Now if I was developing a classic desktop VB.NET app, then a label could have the TextAlign property set to MiddleRight as well has set the text at runtime.
I also just recently upgraded my ASP.NET app to use Visual Studio 2005, but this issue appears to be the same.
Certainly you can justify a runtime modifiable text label in ASP.NET so what am I missing?
Asp.Net 2.0 ASP.NET
Nov 29, 2006 02:06 PM|serbach|LINK
I'm working on a web form now that has a lot of <asp:label> controls. I created a style sheet with a class for my labels:
.InfoLabel {
height: 18px;
width: 40px;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif;
font-size: 11px;
background-color: #e0d8e8;
border-style: none;
text-align: right;
Then I added the following in the <asp:label> attributes:
Seems to do the trick.
88260 Points
Nov 29, 2006 02:08 PM|ecbruck|LINK
Sure you can, simply use a stylesheet with two different classes for both left and right alignment like so:
.RightAligned { text-align: right; } .LeftAligned { text-align: left; }
Then simply change the CssClass property of the Label to the appropiate class. Here's a little test if you want to use it:
<asp:label id="lbl" runat="server" text="This is a test!" width="500" />

 <asp:linkbutton id="btnAlignLeft" runat="server" commandargument="Left" onclick="AlignLabel" text="align left" /> | <asp:linkbutton id="btnAlignRight" runat="server" commandargument="Right" onclick="AlignLabel" text="align right" />
protected void AlignLabel(object sender, EventArgs e) { LinkButton btn = sender as LinkButton; lbl.CssClass = (btn.CommandArgument == "Left") ? "LeftAligned" : "RightAligned"; }
5 Points
Nov 29, 2006 03:09 PM|davidgreenbe|LINK
Thanks serbach and ecbruck,
It seems odd and a bit immature that I can't just set a property for the alignment - but oh well I will use the stylesheet
Nov 29, 2006 06:03 PM|alcsharp|LINK
I you don't want to use the style-sheet then you can also set the style property of the label this way:
Label1.Style["text-align"] = "right";


text:
Uncharted 4 game director departs Naughty Dog
Posted on March 27, 2014 AT 01:09pm
Uncharted 4 game director Justin Richmond has left Naughty Dog to join League of Legends developer Riot Games, he confirmed to IGN.
"I have in fact made the decision to leave Naughty Dog," Richmond told IGN. "I love the company and the people and know that they will continue to create awesome games going forward. On a happier note, after careful consideration and exploration I have joined Riot Games. There is some really innovative stuff going on here that I can't wait to be a part of."
Richmond's egress follows Amy Hennig's earlier this month, and marks the latest in a long list of departures and layoffs across several Sony studios. Both he and Hennig served as co-directors on Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception. Richmond was also one of the designers who handled Uncharted 2's multiplayer.
Source: http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/03/27/uncharted-4-game-director-justin-richmond-leaves-naughty-dog
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Blizzard removed Tychus Findlay's cigar in Heroes of the Storm and fans needlessly raged over it
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text:
ST. LOUIS (AP) Kyle Lohse got to bed at 5:30 a.m. after the St. Louis Cardinals' flight following a most unpleasant end to the NL championship series against the San Francisco Giants.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) Jim Leyland and the Detroit Tigers found out the hard way that rest means rust in the World Series.
FOXBOROUGH, Mass. (AP) Before he plays at Wembley Stadium on Sunday, Patriots running back Shane Vereen wants to make a stop at Buckingham Palace.
Ballot and comments from AP Pro 32 panel voter Alex Marvez of Foxsports.com:
Week 8
ALEX MARVEZ (Foxsports.com)
Ballot and comments from AP Pro 32 panel voter Dan Pompei of Chicago Tribune:
Week 8
DAN POMPEI (Chicago Tribune)


text:
Ironically, the nation's excitement over muni wireless networks in 2006 set Columbus well ahead of most cities on the path to highspeed fiber networks. Columbus not only brings Ohio on line with meeting the FCC's Gigabit City Challenge of at least one citywide gig network per state, it beat over 400 cities worldwide to become one of Intelligent Community Forums 7 Intelligent Communities.
Gary Cavin, Director & CIO of the citys Dept. of Technology, explains how the city initially built a fiber network to drive wireless everywhere, and later transitioned fiber to center stage of their broadband efforts. Columbus is expanding that drive via partnerships with neighboring communities.
The city qualified for its ICF award by demonstrating its ability to develop infrastructure and programs that enabled constituents and businesses to be active participants in the broadband economy. The Director presents several valuable lessons here for everyone involved with broadband projects.
Click headline to listen to this Gigabit Nation interview--


text:
Reviews, reviews, reviews...
FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores.
Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 7.3
out of 10 based on 1283 scores.
With a wide frequency range of up to 20KHz, 40mm drivers pump po
Read more
Great Deal: $6.99


text:
Every year, about 885 students get enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate program to study engineering, architecture, planning and science in this institution. The total number of teachers is about 500. The University has continued to expand over the last three decades. This includes the construction of new academic buildings, auditorium complex, halls of residence.
In July 2008, Webometrics ranked this university 1st in Bangladesh and 22th in the Indian subcontinent in their World Universities Ranking based on electronic publication, scientific results and international activities.
In 2008, 4icu.org ranked this university 1st in Bangladesh in their 'Colleges and Universities By 2008 Web Popularity Ranking' list.
After the partition of India in 1947, it was upgraded to Ahsanullah Engineering College, as a Faculty of Engineering under the University of Dhaka, offering four-year bachelor's courses in Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering.
In 1962, it was renamed as East Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology (EPUET). A partnership with the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (renamed Texas A&M University in 1963) was forged, and professors from A&M came to teach and to formulate the curriculum. During this period, EPUET offered courses in Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, and Chemical engineering, and Architecture.
After the liberation war of 1971, Bangladesh became independent, and EPUET was renamed to Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET).
Several more departments to offer graduate and undergraduate courses in different subjects like:Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, Industrial & Production Engineering, Petroleum & Mineral Resources Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering were included in the university at different times.
In 2007, BUET celebrated 60 years of engineering education in Bangladesh by arranging a series of programs and events.
The BUET campus is in the heart of the capital city of Dhaka. It has a compact campus with halls of residence within walking distances of the academic buildings. At present the campus occupies 76.85 acres (311,000 m²) of land. The academic area is confined in and around the old campus occupying 30.24 acres (122,000 m²) of land defined by Shahid Sharani, Bakshi Bazar road and the Asian Highway. This area accommodates five faculties, three institutes, the administrative building, the central library, main sports facilities, the auditorium complex, the BUET Club and eighty two units of residential accommodation of teachers, staff and employees and the Vice-Chancellor's bungalow.
There are 26 seats for foreign students in undergraduate level. The pre-requisite qualification for admission is H.S.C. or GCE A level or its equivalent with good grades in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Tuition and other fees per year is US$1000 (one thousand US dollar) and approximate cost for food, lodging etc. is US$100 (one hundred US dollar) per month. Maximum 10 students from a single country are allowed for admission.
Student dormitories (called halls in BUET) are important features in campus life. There are eight residential halls to provide housing for BUET students. The Shahid Smriti Hall is reserved for young teachers who do not have an official quarter in the campus and for the graduate students. The Ladies Hall is for female students, and the remaining six halls are for male students studying in the undergraduate level.
These halls were built in different times. Different architectural designs of different ages are prominent in the construction of these halls.
Administrative head of a hall is its provost, usually chosen from the senior teachers of different faculties. 3 Assistant Provosts are also in the authority of the Halls. Most of the halls are named after prominent personalities in the history of Bangladesh. These are listed below:
A large number of BUET alumni are working in the industry and academia both in Bangladesh and outside Bangladesh. Structural Engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan, who designed John Hancock Center (100-story) and Sears Tower (108-story), the tallest building in the United States since its completion in 1974, obtained bachelor's degree in Engineering from Dhaka University Engg Faculty, which later became BUET.


text:
Pune: Finally heading to the several pleas from the Catholic community of Pune, the district administration of Pune has decided to make special arrangements at the schools run by Pune Catholic Diocese that were designated as polling centres.
The polling date i.e. April 17 coincides with Maundy Thursday, important in the Christian calendar, as it precedes Good Friday, and the churches at these schools see huge number of parishioners who come to offer special prayers during the holy week.
Members of Catholic Association of Pune has earlier showed disappointment as the date of voting for Pune was clashing with that of Maundy Thursday. Six schools of the city that have churches in their premises which were allotted for voting purpose.
Bishop of Poona, Rt Rev Thomas Dabre as well as president of the Catholic Association of Pune had written letters to Pune district collector to change the voting date for the Pune. Some of the members of Catholic community had even threatened to boycott the polls if the dates are not changed.
On Tuesday, district collector Saurabh Rao held a meeting with the members of Pune Catholic Association to find out a solution. In the meeting, it was decided that the voting centre from one of the schools located at Ganesh Peth will be shifted to the other venue while special arrangements for the devotees will be made at the other churches for the mass.
Father Malcolm Sequeira, Vicar General of the Dicossee told dna, "We had a successful meeting with the district administration where they have assured to cooperate with the Catholic community and make sure that the mass is not affected due to polling. The administration will be installing additional barricades and they will be keeping one gate open for the voters while one gate will be open exclusively for the members of the church coming for the special mass on April 17," Sequerria said.
The Bishop of Pune, Rt Rev Thomas Dabre, said, "We were in a fix and were contemplating changing the timings of the service. The administration have assured that they will be making necessary changes, so that the service can be held as per the time. On behalf of the Pune catholic association, I welcome the decision made by the administration."


text:
I'm really tempted to paint a single piece of furniture in the house a minty beach glass green or a striking aqua right now. This obsession began over a year ago when I first saw a chippy country style sofa table on the blog of Fryd+Design… This one below, see?
via: Fryd+Design
I couldn't get that image out of my head for the longest time, then one day POOF! it vanished but almost as quickly as I had forgotten it, I remembered all over again when I was at a store and saw a lovely old battered table in the same color. From that day forward, my obsession continues. Seems like a lot of people like just a smidgen of this color at home as an accent. Here are some recent examples that I found around the web.
Photographed by Nancy Nolan and designed by Tobi Fairley, shown in Traditional Home magazine via House of Turquoise.
Home of Jasna Janekovic in Germany via Tamar Schechner.
Urban Outfitters bookshelf, cabinet from Vita Ranunkler, cabinet from garden view cottage.
Stylist Tara Sloggett
Painted wooden stairs from light locations.
Le Versha Chair from Anthropologie
Debi Treloar's amazing home in London (also available to rent as a location space).
VTWonen magazine
Don't you want to run out and paint something quick!?
(images linked to their sources above.)
I thought about stylist Twig Hutchinson today and decided to visit her website to see if she had updated it at all — and yes she has, and it's brilliant. I love how it looks like a real portfolio, a book, containing little notes and client lists along with side projects… it is all quite lovely to look upon and so enjoyable to flip through. Twig is such a visionary, she truly makes it easy for a photographer to take a beautiful photo. Have a look for yourself…
Be sure to visit her gorgeous online portfolio for dozens more delightful examples of her work.
And a big p.s. — I'm really in to silvered sequins right now, what about you?
(images: photographers listed on her website under contact.)
Whether you are brand new to decorating or an oldie but goodie pro, you'll be inspired by the interiors over at the decor8 Interior Styling group on Flickr. Why? Because these homes are real homes, not styled to perfection but styled for living. The group has nearly 3,000 members (I'm really hoping you'll join so we can hit the 3K mark soon!) from all over the globe and I'm so proud of it because each precious member plays a very special part in making it a fun spot to find great decorating ideas that are attainable and beautiful. Here are a few lovely corners from some of the most recent submissions to the group — these homes caught my eye today.
F.Klein | Dora iz Londona | Détailliste| debee_art
wood & wool stool | Virginie Photography
Secrets of a Butterfly | Dottie Angel | herz-allerliebst
There are hundreds of photos to look through over here so make sure you take a moment to see all of the other incredible submissions to the group. Spot any favorites?
(images: linked to their sources above.)
Want to rock a little Bollywood boho chic at home? Newly launched Plum Chutney is a small online home store that contacted me today that just may be what your patio or living room needs for a little kick.
Founder Anita MacKenzie lives and works in England but is originally from India and launched Plum Chutney as a, "Very personal attempt to capture the striking imagery of India through quirky and original design. My launch collections explore a variety of themes – Indian royalty, chaotic street life, stunning truck art, beautiful Indian people, traditional motifs, bright tropical flowers and more." She designs and sources pillows, lamps, art prints and other things for the home.
I think some of her products could work wonderfully in a home that has a casual, bohemian vibe. I can see some of these cushions on a sun porch, on the patio in a rattan swing (like this) or on a crisp white sofa (like this).
I have this dream to someday own a summer home on the beach, whether that happens or not — we shall see. But for now, I dream through the pages of magazines that tend to highlight lots of modern coastal style homes like Real Living Australia. That's why I like Plum Chutney, I can really see some of these pillows above in a Real Living spread – these colors and patterns are fresh, energizing and happy and give a room a lovely feeling of summer, don't you think?
(images: plum chutney)


text:
This section contains 2,368 words
(approx. 8 pages at 300 words per page)
Critical Essay by Jean-Pierre Barricelli
SOURCE: "Beethovenian Overlays by Carpentier and Burgess: The Ninth in Grotesque Juxtapositions," in Melopoiesis: Approaches to the Study of Literature and Music, New York University Press, 1988, pp. 140-54.
Barricelli is an American fiction writer, critic, and educator. In the following excerpt, he argues that the use of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in A Clockwork Orange is arbitrary and inappropriate, "overlay[ing with negative associations one of the supreme compositions in the musical repertory."]
[The] Ninth Symphony, with its lofty reputation, is not ipso facto always an object of celebration, and it continues to appear in grotesque contexts. With the author of A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess, it is once more demythicized and overlayed with negative associations. Here again, the Ninth is treated, not as a work of art, but as a device in the novel whose dystopian vision centers around politics (the authoritarian socialism of future society), the media (thought control through technology), and morality (actually the immorality of the curtailment of freedom of choice). Carpentier's narrator thought he had found goodness in the jungle; Burgess, who replaces contrast with irony and seeming allegory with whimsical reality, sticks to the urban setting. At the end of The Wanting Seed, the question is asked: "Do you think people are fundamentally good?" The reply is grim: "Well … they now have a chance to ge good"—grim in light of A Clockwork Orange, where a conditioning process assures stability by eliminating freedom, and where the impossibility of distinguishing good from evil anymore in a totally mechanical environment results in "good" human zombies assembled like a clockwork. Like Carpentier, Burgess critiques the West, though less for its spiritual bankruptcy than for its idealistic faith in natural goodness. Free choice provokes anarchy, conditioning establishes control.
Carpentier's intellectually sophisticated language gives way to what has been called a Technico-Russo-Anglo "slanguage" called Nadsat, replete with neologisms to fit the society portrayed but also pleasantly rhythmical, indeed musical. The narrator Alex, after all, is a hoodlum who loves classical music, especially Beethoven, and his jargoned idiom, where neologisms act as dissonances, betrays a musical affinity. In the words of one critic, "It is hardly coincidental that Alex's favorite piece of music is Beethoven's Ninth, rich in dissonances that only the professional ear can detect, but filled also with as many untapped, infinite (so it seems) harmonies" [Robert K. Morris, The Consolations of Ambiguity, 1971]. As an example, I might single out one passage; after a successful "drasting" with his buddies, Alex writes:
When we got into the street I viddied that thinking is for the gloopy ones and that the oomny ones use like inspiration and what Bog sends. For now it was lovely music that came to my aid. There was an auto ittying by and it had its radio on, and I could just slooshy a bar or so of Ludwig van (it was the Violin Concerto, last movement), and I viddied at once what to do.
Alex, a lad of fifteen, is "ultra-violent," and the music he loves primarily is German, a preference that combines artistic greatness with the naked horrors of two world wars. Carpentier would agree. His motto is antiestablishmentarian: Non serviam, or "Kiss-my-sharries." He and his gang of three masked "droogs" commit all kinds of atrocities, "drasting" and "tolchocking": more than robbery and theft, they beat up an old professor and a drunkard to a pulp, attack another gang with razors and chains, savagely kick a pair of lovers, invade a writer's "HOME" and rape his wife. After breaking into an elderly, cat-loving woman's house and knocking her unconscious, Alex is arrested; sent to jail, where he is number 6655321 and accidentally kills a homosexual inmate; and is turned over to Dr. Brodsky for a reclamation treatment called Ludovico's Technique: brainwashing through films and drug injections that cause Alex to become violently ill the moment he starts experiencing pleasure at violent thoughts. The chaplain has reservations about the treatment: "The question is whether such a technique can really make a man good. Goodness comes from within, 6655321. Goodness is something chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man…. It may be horrible to be good." But Alex sees this as the only way out of prison. He undergoes the cure and is declared cured, "ready to be crucified rather than crucify," by the doctors and state officials. Released, he is rejected by his parents; attacked by the old professor; rescued by his former "droogs" (now policemen), who beat him mercilessly for having previously beat up one of them during an argument; revisits "HOME", where the writer, a liberal out to "dislodge this overbearing government," at first recognizes him as a victim of that freedom-choking Ludovico Technique, later as the rapist who violated his wife—at which point he metes such excruciating punishment on the narrator through music that Alex attempts suicide by jumping out of a window. In the hospital he is restored to his former "ultra-violent" sex-maniacal self (the state is under pressure over its methods) and the Minister of the Interior makes a deal for his support in order to discredit the writer's political party. In one version of the novel, a final chapter (Chapter 21) [in an endnote about the significance of this number, Barricelli adds that Burgess places "Symbolic meaning in the number 7—the seven days of creation—… through his narrator's three sections, each of seven days"] has him mature to realize that "ultraviolence is a bit of a bore, and it's time he had a wife and a malensky googoogooing malchickiwick to call him dadada" [Anthony Burgess, quoted in Richard Matthews, The Clockwork Universe of Anthony Burgess, 1978].
In this gruesome fantasy, Beethoven plays a telling role, with a helping hand from Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel. For Alex, music is a salvation, "gorgeousness and gorgeosity made flesh," producing "a cage of silk around my bed," resembling "silvery wine flowing in a spaceship, gravity all nonsense now": "Great Music … and Great Poetry would like quieten Modern Youth down to make Modern Youth more Civilized. Civilized my syphilised yarbles. Music always sort of sharpened me up, O my brothers, and made me feel like old Bog himself." Therefore Alex, who strikes his friend for simply ridiculing a woman singing opera at the Korova Milkbar, retires to his room afterward and masturbates while listening to Beethoven. After beating and bloodying the writer's wife, and with feelings of violence racing through him in bed, he again experiences an orgasm listening to classical music:
I wanted something starry and strong and very firm, so it was J. S. Bach I had, the Brandenburg Concerto…. Listening to the Bach, I began to pony better what that meant now, and I thought, slooshying away to the brown gorgeousness of the starry German master, that I would like to have tolchoked them both harder and ripped them to ribbons on their own floor.
And in prison he is allowed to listen to the "holy music by J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel," even while reading the Bible: "While the stereo played bits of lovely Bach I closed my glazzies and viddied myself helping in and even taking charge of the tolchocking and the nailing in" [In an endnote, the critic adds: "The allusion is to Christ. Critics have brought out the sin-penance-resurrection analogy relating to the three parts of this complex novel"]. But his favorite composition is Beethoven's Ninth. He picks up two ten-year-old girls at the bar and rapes them, incited by the symphony:
Then I pulled the lovely Ninth out of its sleeve, so that Ludwig van was not nagoy too, and I set the needle hissing on to the last movement, which was all bliss. There it was then, the bass strings like govoreeting away from under my bed at the rest of the orchestra, and then the male human goloss coming in and telling them all to be joyful, and the lovely blissful tune all about Joy being a glorious spark like of heaven, and then I felt the old tigers leap in me and then I leapt on these two young ptitsas.
Alone later he falls asleep "with the old Joy Joy Joy crashing and howling away." Indeed, there is black humor as well as grotesque irony attached to this type of Beethovenian overlay, like that of the cat-loving woman who tries to protect herself against the invader wielding a bust of the master from Bonn, or like that of the dream he has of Beethoven, during which he hears a violence-ridden parody of the ode:
Boy, thou uproarious shark of heaven,
Slaughter of Elysium,
Hearts on fire, aroused, enraptured,
We will tolchock you on the rot and kick
your grahzny vonny bum.
It dawns upon us at one point that in the name "Ludovico's Technique" Ludovico is really Ludwig, "Ludwig van" in Alex's parlance. When the narrator is subjected to the horrid state-sponsored rehabilitation process, complete with wires, drug, and film ("a very good like professional piece of sinny"), the background music turns out to be Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, which then produces such an abhorrence for this music which up to now has aroused his sexual violence (the old "in-out in-out"), that the revengeful writer conceives of locking him up in a room and having symphonic music piped in, a diabolical punishment of hypercruelty. Even Alex, now sixteen, begins to realize the degrading nature of what is taking place:
I don't mind about the ultra-violence and all that cal. I can put up with that. But it's not fair on the music. It's not fair I should feel ill when I'm slooshying lovely Ludwig van and G. F. Handel and others. All that shows you're an evil lot of bastards and I shall never forgive you, sods.
At the end, as part of the deal with the Minister of the "Inferior" and to make sure he has been returned to his original self with his "bloshy" musical ways, he asks to hear the Ninth Symphony (end of Chapter 20), and he is convinced in a manner Beethoven might not have appreciated:
Oh, it was gorgeosity and yumyumyum. When it came to the Scherzo I could viddy myself very clear running and running on like very light and mysterious nogas, carving the whole litso of the creeching world with my cutthroat britva. And there was the slow movement and the lovely last singing movement still to come. I was cured all right.
As in Carpentier, this network of musical references may well provide a unifying factor in the novel, identifying the protagonist's individuality throughout, an individuality that in A Clockwork Orange threatens and in Los pasos perdidos opposes the status quo. But here, too, one must wonder about the suggestion, in the former work, that the mathematical music of Bach or, more pervasively, the lyrical and jubilant music of Beethoven, sparks even more violence than the hoodlum had in him originally. Similarly, one must wonder about the appropriateness, in the latter work, of associating the Ninth Symphony with violence after a token tribute to childhood memories. It is not enough to say that we are merely dealing with a whimsical selection, a convenient image, or an interesting device. For some reason, something about Beethoven—his titanic stature or what he represents in the cultural patrimony of the West—activates a devil's advocate's adrenalin in the authors of Los pasos perdidos and A Clockwork Orange. Grass reacted similarly toward St. Paul. To be sure, other works by Carpentier and Burgess, like El acoso and Napoleon Symphony, pay homage to the master, at least to the extent of their structural transpositions of the Third Symphony. But then again, look in passing at Richard Ennis in Burgess's A Vision of Battlements, who incites an antiaircraft unit to combative violence with words about this same master: "Beethoven was a musician…. He had absolutely no respect for authority…. He was independent, fearless, alone, no base crawler." We cannot overlook Dr. Brodsky's remark, either: the "sweetness and most heavenly of activities partake in some measure of violence—… music, for instance." Hence Alex's unwittingly profound observation: "It was like as though to get better I had to get worse." Is it that in a clockwork, mechanical world good derives from bad like peace from violence—a restatement of Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal or Giovanni Papini's Un uomo finito? Or that man has reached a hopeless impasse in his savage quest for improvement? But the existential messages of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Dostoievsky, Pirandello, and Kafka have already been recorded. Carpentier's narrator hurts spiritually under authority; Burgess's challenges it physically. One feels like a Prometheus for a moment in the jungle but knows he is too weak to be one and that he will get worse before getting better; the other feels like a "fruit" who ultimately is that clockwork orange and that, if he has been made better for society, it is actually worse for society. Thus, we are left with paradoxes in the throes of a Manichaean dialectic: the Apollonian or the Dionysian, freedom of choice or submissive choicelessness, the authentic or the synthetic? More troublesome still, is either side of the equation possible today? If the culture of the Western city has not found fulfillment, is the alternative the primitive jungle? And if the promise of social governance has not matured, is lawless instinct the only avenue left? Answers to these questions are never clearly suggested. The ends of both novels are open-ended—indeed, unhealthy in light of their inconclusiveness. And it is the Ninth Symphony, incongruously, that shapes the contexts.
Yet the language of Beethoven's composition rings too lucidly with vitality and conviction to provide backdrops for such ambiguities and paradoxical modes. The overlays obfuscate the truth. As one critic has commented, "if the mode of a novel should say something about its meaning, or at least carry us forward so we may debate it, then we might have wished for a less open-ended conclusion, one that defined as well as disturbed" [Morris]. Without the definition, Beethoven is merely "used." In "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and the King Cobra," the poet Edgar Lee Masters sounds more convincing:
Beethoven's soul stepped from darkness to brilliant light,
From despair to the rapture of strength
Overcoming the world.
This section contains 2,368 words
(approx. 8 pages at 300 words per page)


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Those nutty cinematic serial killers—always taunting their pursuers with omniscient brilliance, always devising those elaborate crime-scene installations, yet somehow finding time to add that little something extra (death's-head moth larvae, ornate nods to the seven deadly sins, etc.) that means so much to a grumpy forensic investigator. The gimmick here is anamorphosis, the forced-perspective trick by which an image from one angle looks like something completely different from another angle; that means guilt-ridden CSI vet Willem Dafoe, just back from Anton Chigurh's barber, must decode the grisly tableaux of an artist whose principal media are blood, sharp objects, and eviscerated corpses. Twenty-five years ago, the Dario Argento of Tenebre might've socked this style-baiting silliness into the stratosphere, or at least past its eye-rolling contrivances (like the killer's ability to inconspicuously whip up a room-sized camera obscura). Director/co-writer H.S. Miller just lays on the chilly blues and a wet-blanket mood of arty anguish, leaving cinematographer Fred Murphy and production designer Jackson De Govia to trump up trompe l'oeils of carefully posed carrion. Any resemblance between these and the real-world practice known as murder—committed for trifling old human motivations like blind anger and money—is strictly coincidental.
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PUNXSUTAWNEY — In commemoration of February as Black History Month, the Punxsutawney Community Center joined with IUP-Punxsutawney campus to host a presentation by Angela Watson.
Through the Pennsylvania Humanities Council (PHC), Michelle Covert and Theo Turner, both IUP-Punxsutawney administrators, were able to partner with Watson, who was accompanied by dancers and musicians.
Watson, a choreographer, storyteller and former Fulbright Scholar, taught the audience about African-American history through lecture, video and demonstration.
PUNXSUTAWNEY — Junior Carl Langley is the top seed at 160 pounds and is one of Punxsy's four heavier weights in position to advance past today's District IX Class AAA Individual Wrestling Championships in Clarion.
Langley is joined by teammates Josh Neal (171 pounds), Tige Woodson (189) and Tyler Titus (215) as the Chucks' upper weights to compete today. All three are top-three seeds, and the top-three place-winners advance to regionals next weekend in Altoona.
Punxsy will not have a heavyweight at districts.
CLARION — Brookville sophomore Lanae Newsome saw the path to the rim and knew that she had an opportunity to win the game during the Lady Raiders' game at Clarion High School Friday.
She went around a screen at the top of the key and drove to the rim, sidestepping Moniteau's Amanda Sloan and Katie Brehm in the process, and let her shot go.
It glanced off the backboard and went in with three seconds remaining, giving the Lady Raiders a 42-40 win over third-seeded Moniteau (11-11).
Newsome, who finished with a game-high 21-points, said that she wasn't afraid to take the shot.
Marilyn Atkinson, 80, born and raised in Punxsutawney, died suddenly Tuesday, Feb. 22, 2011, at her home on South Main Street.
She was born Nov. 16, 1930, in Punxsutawney, a daughter of the late Leroy Charles and Kathryn (Downey) Mitchell.
She was a 1948 graduate of Punxsutawney High School.
PUNXSUTAWNEY — Once Bradford switched to the triangle-and-two defense during Thursday night's District IX Class AAA Boys' Basketball Playoff Semifinal, the complexion of the game completely changed.
Defense put the Owls (7-16) in position to win their ninth district title in 11 years with a 41-38 overtime victory over Punxsutawney.
Top-seeded St. Marys beat Clearfield in the other semifinal, 50-23, and will meet Bradford in the title game — most likely Saturday, March 5, at Clarion University.
PUNXSUTAWNEY — Juniors Seth Spack and Nathan McGregor will enter the District IX Class AAA Individual Wrestling Championships Saturday at Clarion University as two of Punxsy's top-seeded middleweights.
Spack (25-5), who won the district title at 112 pounds last year and reached states after a runner-up finish at regionals, enters Saturday with his first-ever top-seeding. The grappler leads a 135-pound weight class that has three participants with 20-plus victories this season.
CLARION — The Brookville boys' basketball team won the same way it has all season during its District IX Class AA semifinal playoff win over Brockway Thursday night at Tippin Gymnasium at Clarion University.
The top-seeded Raiders (21-2) used timely shooting and tough defense to grind out a 49-41 win over the fourth-seeded Rovers. Brookville limited Brockway to three points in the fourth quarter.
BROOKVILLE — The Jefferson County Solid Waste Authority has looked toward the state legislature for solutions to funding issues for the past several years. Now, it appears a different answer may be playing out in Clearfield County.
The authority has been losing funds since an administration fee was removed following a court case. This year, the authority needed more than $20,000 from reserve accounts to balance the operating budget. Each year, the authority asks the state to renew the administration fee, but no action has been taken.


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Caesars Entertainment has launched a hiring initiative Wednesday that is aimed at hiring U.S. military veterans. The company, which has approximately 10,000 job openings nationwide, hopes to offer positions for former military members through the Enlisting Heroes program. "This program is based on the experience we've had with veterans working for us. The initiative is not simply the right thing to do, it's the smart thing to do," Caesars Chairman Gary Loveman said.
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Woodsboro defeated 3A West Oso, 2A Odem, and 2A Donna Idea Academy before falling to 2A Bishop and 3A Ingleside.
"The girls did everything I asked of them," said Coach Jaime Cano. "Once again we were not at full strength but, as I have stated before that is no excuse. We were pleased that we made it to the last day of the tourney."
The coach said the girls are entered into tournaments to play quality games against good teams.
"As far as we are concerned there are three seasons: preseason, district, and the playoffs," Cano said. "All we want to do is get ready for district and to be playing our best ball during district and hopefully into the playoffs."
Freshman pitcher Malorie Nesloney took advantage of her second varsity start and threw a no-hitter against the West Oso Lady Bears. The 70-minute first round games end as quickly as they begin and Nesloney kept the Lady Bears in check as her team supplied great defense and an even better offense to beat West Oso 11-0.
Game two brought a playoff tested Odem Lady Owls team. The Lady Owls made this an interesting game but, Kaitlin McCool ended that interest when she hit a line drive down the left-field line that rolled all the way to the fence for an inside the park grand slam home run giving Woodsboro a 5-4 victory.
Game three saw the Lady Eagles have no problem in disposing of the Donna Idea Academy 18-0. Megan Carter threw the second no-hitter of the tournament for Woodsboro.
Familiar foe, Bishop Lady Badgers, was up next for Woodsboro. The Lady Eagles could not get their bats going and committed five costly errors for a 6-0 loss.
The loss put Woodsboro in the third place game against Ingleside.
Woodsboro hung tough with the Lady Mustangs who fell behind 2-0 early in the game but the Mustangs came back to tie the game in the top of the sixth inning.
In the bottom of the sixth inning, two controversial calls put the Lady Eagles in a hole with two runners on and no outs. Two errors brought in four Ingleside runs, giving them the win, 6-2.
"We had two really close calls that I felt were ours, but they went Ingleside's way," said Cano. "That is just the breaks of the game. We hung in there with them and we had a chance to take the lead, but we just could not get it going."
The coach said the game losing game provided some situations that the team will work on and gain from.
"We have two more good challenges before district play starts and we look forward to getting back on track and playing our brand of ball," Cano said.
Kaitlin McCool: 7 hits, 6 RBI, 7 runs, 5 stolen bases; Chelsea Bluemel 4 hits, 3 RBI, 4 runs, 2 stolen bases; Lacie Jochetz 3 hits, 4 RBI, 5 runs, 1 stolen base; Megan Carter 5 hits, 5 RBI, 4 runs; Melissa Cisneros 4 hits, 1 RBI, 3runs; Samantha Lopez 3 runs; Mallory Jessop 3 hits, 2 RBI, 2 runs, 1 stolen base; Meagan Niemann 2 hits, 2 RBI, 2 runs; Bria Brown 2 hits, 2 RBI, 4 runs, 1 stolen base; Valerie Balderamas 2 hits, 1 RBI, 1 run; Trista Yanez 1 stolen base.
Carter pitched 20 innings, 24 strikeouts, and one no hitter.
Nesloney pitched 3-innings with 2-strikeouts, and a no-hitter.


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The F1 season in pictures
Grand Prix annual Autocourse celebrates its 60th anniversary this year: we've got some exclusive highlights
Posted: 16 Dec 2011
Jenson Button, Japanese Grand Prix
No apologies for more Jenson, he would be our number one for 2011 if we were choosing. His win in Japan was made all the more potent, what with JB's affinity for the country. There were no dry eyes here when he and the lovely Jessica embraced after what proved to be an emotional win for Jenson and Japan.
Photo credit: PJ Fox


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Comment on Bound Home to Mount Song and see more Wang Wei poems below.
The limpid river, past its bushes
Running slowly as my chariot,
Becomes a fellow voyager
Returning home with the evening birds.
A ruined city-wall overtops an old ferry,
Autumn sunset floods the peaks.
...Far away, beside Mount Song,
I shall close my door and be at peace.


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