text:
Result in
Sony VAIO Laptops & Computers Discontinued | Sony UK
After decades in personal computing, Sony exits the PC market. Owners of VAIO products will continue to enjoy full warranty, support and customer care.
Result in
Support for VPCEB4Z1E | Sony
Support - Notebook Support for VPCEB4Z1E. VPCEB4Z1E. <div class="infobox warning" />: Support for Windows® XP is ...
Support for VAIO | Sony
Close Sony Sites. ...
Support for Notebook | Sony
Close Sony Sites. About SONY. SONY DESIGN. Playstation®. Sony Professional. Sony Mobile. Global HomePress releases ...
Result in
Cooler and Vaio. Worth it?
Hey, I will be buying a cooler for my laptop Sony Vaio VPCEB4Z1E.As far as I can tell, this computers gets the air out from the left side, the fan ...
Switching between integrated graphics and real video card.
Hi All,I have the following question. I have Sony Vaio E series VPCEB4Z1E. It has Amd Radeon 5650 video card and processor intel core i5 480M which ...
Sony Vaio VPC-EB4Z1E/BQ sound problem
Hi,I am searching for the Quick Web Access software for my VPCEB4Z1E, any one can help me? many thanks: inform me via email: ...
For ProfessionalsCareersContact UsCompany Info


text:
A cast-in-place and lithographically shaped mobile, monolithic polymer element for fluid flow control in microfluidic devices and method of manufacture. Microfluid flow control devices, or microvalves that provide for control of fluid or ionic current flow can be made incorporating a cast-in-place, mobile monolithic polymer element, disposed within a microchannel, and driven by either fluid or gas pressure against a retaining or sealing surface. The polymer elements are made by the application of lithographic methods to monomer mixtures formulated in such a way that the polymer will not bond to microchannel walls. The polymer elements can seal against pressures greater than 5000 psi, and have a response time on the order of milliseconds. By the use of energetic radiation it is possible to depolymerize selected regions of the polymer element to form shapes that cannot be produced by conventional lithographic patterning and would be impossible to machine.
1. A device for controlling fluid flow in a microchannel, comprising:
a mobile, monolithic polymer element disposed in the microchannel, wherein said mobile, monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture within the microchannel; and
means for providing a displacing force to control the motion of said polymer piston in the microchannel.
2. The device of
3. The device of
4. The device of
5. A device for increasing fluid flow rates in a capillary, comprising:
a first and a second capillary joined together coaxially, wherein said first capillary has a larger diameter than said second capillary; and
a mobile monolithic polymer element is disposed in said second capillary, wherein said mobile monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture within the microchannel.
6. A device for amplifying fluid forces in a capillary, comprising:
a first and a second capillary joined together coaxially, wherein said first capillary has a larger diameter than said second capillary; and
a mobile monolithic polymer element disposed in said first capillary, wherein said polymer element consists of a first and second coaxial segment, wherein the second segment has a diameter adapted to fit within the second capillary, and wherein said mobile monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture within the microchannel.
7. A device for controlling fluid flow in microchannels, comprising:
a first and a second intersecting microchannels, wherein said first microchannel includes two spaced apart retaining mean;
a mobile monolithic polymer element disposed in said first microchannel and moveable between the retaining means to block fluid flow through said second microchannel, wherein said mobile monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture within the microchannel; and
means for providing a displacing force to control the movement of said polymer element.
8. A device for controlling fluid flow in microchannels, comprising:
a plurality of microchannels converging at a common intersection, wherein at least one of said plurality is a fluid inlet, and wherein the common intersection includes spaced apart retaining means and a mobile polymer monolith moveable between the retaining means to block fluid flow into one or more said plurality of microchannels, and wherein said mobile monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture within the microchannel.
9. A valve for controlling fluid flow in microchannels, comprising:
a plurality of microchannels in fluid communication with a central microchannel, wherein at least one of said plurality is a fluid inlet, and wherein the central microchannel includes spaced retaining means and a mobile polymer monolith moveable between the retaining means, wherein the polymer monolith, shaped by provides for diverting fluid from the fluid inlet and into one or more of the plurality of microchannels, and wherein said mobile monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture within the central microchannel.
10. A device for controlling ionic current flow in a microchannel, comprising:
a mobile monolithic polymer element disposed in the microchannel, wherein said mobile monolithic polymer element is made by polymerizing a monomer mixture with the microchannel; and
means for providing a displacing force to control the movement of said polymer element in the microchannel.
This invention was made with Government support under contract no. DE-AC04-94AL85000 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy to Sandia Corporation. The Government has certain rights in the invention.
Not applicable.
The invention is directed generally to improved apparatus for controlling and regulating the flow of fluids in microfluidic systems and particularly to devices that control and regulate fluid flow in microfluidic systems by means of a mobile, monolithic polymer element. The invention further includes methods for the manufacture of these monolithic polymer elements that provides for the polymer element to be cast-in-place in such a manner that the element will conform to the shape of the microchannel walls and not bond to the microchannel walls, thereby retaining mobility.
Recent advances in miniaturization have led to the development of microfluidic systems that are designed, in part, to perform a multitude of chemical and physical processes on a micro-scale. Typical applications include analytical and medical instrumentation, industrial process control equipment, and liquid and gas phase chromatography. In this context, there is a need for devices that have fast response times to provide very precise control over small flows as well as small volumes of fluid (liquid or gas) in microscale channels. In order to provide these advantages, it is necessary that the flow control devices be integrated into the microfluidic systems themselves. The term "microfluidic" refers to a system or device having channels or chambers that are generally fabricated on the micron or submicron scale, i.e., having at least one cross-sectional dimension in the range from about 0.1 μm to about 500 μm. Examples of methods of fabricating such microfluidic systems can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,133 to Clark et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,012 to Miura et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,908,112 to Pace, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,410 to Swedberg et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,204 to Jerman.
Although there are numerous micro-fabricated valve designs that use a wide variety of actuation mechanisms (Shoji and Esashi, J. Micromech. Microeng., 4, 157-171, 1994), most dissipate relatively large amounts of power to the chip or substrate or require complex assembly which limits their use in practical systems. Most microvalves are manufactured from silicon and are therefore not easily integrated into non-silicon microchip platforms such as silica, glass, or synthetic materials such as organic polymers. A microvalve using an electromagnetic drive is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,924,674 issued to Hahn et al. Jul. 20, 1999. Microvalves using thermopneumatic expansion as the actuation mechanism and a shape memory alloy diaphragm and bias spring are commercially available. However, these microvalves suffer from the fact that they consume relatively large amounts of power during operation, typically between 200 and 1500 mW depending upon the design. This high power consumption can be a significant disadvantage when heating of the fluid must be avoided, when batteries must supply power, or when the microvalve is placed on a microchip. Moreover, valves using the aforementioned actuation mechanisms can only generate modest actuation pressures. Perhaps most importantly, these valve designs can be difficult and costly to manufacture and assemble, frequently requiring assembly in a clean room environment.
Recognizing that the power requirements of conventional valves limited their use in practical systems, Beebe et al. (Nature, 404, 588-590, April 2000) describe a flow control system consisting of a hydrogel. The hydrogel valves provide local flow control by expanding or contracting when exposed to various pH levels. While eliminating the need for associated power supplies, these valves suffer from slow response times (≈8-10 sec) and are able to withstand only modest pressure differentials.
Unger et al. (Science, 288, 113-116, April 2000) describe an arrangement for controlling fluid flow in microchannels. Flow control is accomplished by the use of soft elastomer "control lines" that intersect the microfluidic channels fabricated in an elastomeric substrate material. Applying pressure to the external surfaces of the control lines causes them to deform closing off that part of the channel they intersect. While eliminating the problem of power dissipation to the substrate, these valves require a microchannel having a specially shaped cross-section to seal properly. They also intrinsically require that pressure greater than in the channel be applied to the control line to keep the valve shut.
Ramsey in U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,195 provides for valveless microchip flow control by simultaneously applying a controlled electrical potential to an arrangement of intersecting reservoirs. The volume of material transported from one reservoir to another through an intersection is selectively controlled by the electric field in each intersecting channel. In addition to the need for elaborate switching and control of electrical potential, there are problems with leakage of fluid from one channel to another through the common intersection because there is no mechanical barrier to diffusion. Further, this flow control method has essentially no control over pressure-driven flow. For example, the flow control of a 10 mM aqueous buffer at pH 7, using a 1000V/cm electric field in round channels about 50 μm in diameter, can be completely disrupted by a pressure gradient of only 0.1 psi/cm. Higher electric fields are generally prohibited because of rapid ohmic heating of the fluid. Furthermore, the presence of pH or conductivity gradients within the fluid can disrupt this valving scheme (Schultz-Lockyear et al., Electrophoresis, 20, 529-538, 1999).
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a cast-in-place mobile monolithic polymer element or member and method of manufacture thereof, and devices for controlling and regulating fluid flow, including ionic current flow, that incorporate the novel mobile monolithic polymer element.
A microfluid control device, or microvalve can be made that comprises generally a cast-in-place, mobile monolithic polymer element, disposed within a microchannel, and driven by a displacing force that can be fluid (either liquid or gas) pressure or an electric field against a sealing surface, or retaining means that can be a constriction or a stop in the microchannel, to provide for control of fluid flow. As a means for controlling fluid flow, these devices possess the additional advantage that they can be used to effect pressure and electric field driven flows, eliminate or enhance diffusive or convective mixing, inject fixed quantities of fluid, and selectively divert flow from one channel to various other channels. They can also be used to isolate electric fields, and, as a consequence, locally isolate electroosmotic or electrophoretic flows.
The mobile monolith polymer element of the invention is not restricted to any particular shape or geometry except by the configuration of microchannel in which it functions and the requirement that it provide an effective seal against fluid flow for valving applications.
By providing a method for producing a monolithic polymer element that does not bond to surrounding structures, these polymer elements are free to move within the confines of a microchannel and can be translated within the microchannel by applying a displacing force, such as fluid pressure or an electric field to the polymer element. It is well known in the art, that if a mobile body within a microchannel has a surface charge density that is different from that of the walls of the microchannel, the body can be translated in the microchannel by the application of an electric field. Hence, translation of the polymer element can be achieved by application of electric fields.
By means of the invention, it is now possible to manufacture a family of fluid flow control, regulation, and distribution devices such as, but not limited to, microvalves, nano- and pico-liter pipettes and syringes needle valves, diverter valves, and water wheel flowmeters.
In contrast to the prior art, the microfluid control devices, or microvalves, disclosed herein can seal against pressures greater than 5000 psi, dissipate no heat to a substrate, and have a response time on the order of milliseconds. Calculations show that a monolithic polymer element 50 μm in diameter and 200 μm long, with a 0.1 μm gap between the element and the wall has an actuation time (for a pressure differential across the element of about 1 psi) of about 1.1 msec.
The polymer element of the microfluid control devices can be made by a one-step lithography process employing a polymer material that is polymerized by radiation, such as by thermal, visible, or UV radiation. Electrostatic attraction between microchannel walls and the polymer element that could influence the mobility of the polymer element is of particular concern. However, by providing for the polymer and microchannel surfaces to have the same, or no, electric charge it has been found that the monolithic polymer element will not bond with or be attracted to the microchannel wall. Thus, the element can be moved back and forth freely within the microchannel by application of pressure to either end of the element, i.e., by developing a pressure differential across the polymer element. The profile of the polymer element can be further configured by the directed application of radiation, preferably from a laser, to selected regions of the actuator causing the polymer in the irradiated regions to depolymerize. This can include, by way of example, making the middle part of the actuator narrower than the ends or vice versa. Because the monolithic polymer element can be manufactured in-place within minutes the microfluid control devices that employ them do not require expensive and complicated manufacturing and/or assembly processes.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of the specification, illustrate the present invention and, together with the description, explain the invention. In the drawings like elements are referred to by like numbers.
FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the invention illustrating its general principle and operation.
FIG. 2 illustrates a fixed volume syringe.
FIGS. 3a and 3 b illustrate a shut-off valve configuration.
FIGS. 4a and 4 b illustrate the operation of a two-way valve configuration.
FIGS. 5a and 5 b are micrographs that show the sealing action of a cast-in-place variable area polymer element in a microchannel.
FIG. 6 illustrates a method for manufacture of a polymer element in a microchannel.
FIG. 7 shows a mechanical actuator embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a method of selective depolymerization.
FIG. 9 shows a diverter valve configuration produced by laser depolymerization of a cast-in-place polymer element.
FIG. 10 illustrates a flowmeter.
The present invention comprises a mobile monolithic polymer element that can be cast-in-place in a microchannel to control fluid and ionic current flow. The mobile monolithic polymer element of the invention is not restricted to any particular shape or geometry except by the configuration of the microchannel in which it functions and the requirement that it provide an effective seal against fluid flow at pressure up to about 5000 psi. The invention further includes a method for the manufacture of these monolithic polymer elements that provide for the polymer element not only to be cast-inplace but also is such that the element will not chemically bond or be electrostatically attracted to the microchannel walls, thereby retaining mobility in the microchannel. Thus, the polymer elements are free to move within the confines of a microchannel and can be driven back and forth within the microchannel by appropriate application of a displacing force, pressure or an electric field. Consequently, the invention provides for incorporating a valve into a unitary structure that can be created in-situ on a substrate or microchip for controlling fluid flows in microchannels, wherein the fluid can be either liquid or gas.
Throughout the written description of the invention the terms channel and microchannel will be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the term "microfluidic" refers to a system or device having channels or chambers that are generally fabricated on the micron or submicron scale, e.g., having at least one cross-sectional dimension in the range from about 0.1 μm to about 500 μm, i.e., microchannels. The term fluid can refer to either a liquid or gas, the meaning being generally apparent from the context.
While the structure and function of the invention will be described and illustrated in relation to the microchannels and arrangements thereof it is understood that the microchannels themselves are part of a microfluidic device. The microfluidic device can be comprised of channels, reservoirs, and arbitrarily shaped cavities that are fabricated using any of a number of art recognized microfabrication methods; including injection molding, hot embossing, wet or dry etching, or deposition over a sacrificial layer. The microfluidic device can also include holes and/or ports and/or connectors to adapt the microfluidic channels and reservoirs to external fluid handling devices.
FIG. 1 illustrates and embodies the principle and operation of the present invention, using the inventive mobile monolithic polymer element for controlling fluid flow. Device 100 is a check valve embodiment and comprises a mobile polymer element 120 disposed within a microchannel 130, provided with first and second inlets and retaining means 140 and 141. The monolithic polymer element is fabricated within the microchannel and thus conforms to the shape of the microchannel. Fluid pressure, applied by pressure means such as an HPLC pump or an electrokinetic pump (such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,013,164 and 6,019,882 to Paul and Rakestraw) to either end of element 120 causes it to move one direction or the other in response to the applied pressure. When pressure is applied to the first, or right, inlet of microchannel 130, element 120 is moved to the left whereupon it seats against retaining means 141, allowing fluid to flow around it through bypass duct 131. However, when pressure is applied to the second, or left inlet, of microchannel 130, element 120 is moved to the right, where it seats against retaining means 140, and fluid flow is restricted or stopped.
FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, a fixed volume injector or syringe 200. Two spaced apart retaining means 140 and 141 are fixed in microchannel 130 and the distance between them defines a fixed volume. A mobile polymer element or piston 120 is disposed in the microchannel and between the retaining means. By immersing one end of microchannel 130 into a liquid and applying a vacuum to the opposite end of the microchannel, or pressurizing the liquid, a volume of liquid can be drawn up onto the channel; the volume of liquid being determined by the distance between retaining means 140 and 141, minus the length of piston 120. By reversing the displacing force, the volume of liquid can be ejected. The check valve embodiment 100 and the fixed volume injector 200 can be combined to form a fixed volume pipette capable of sampling a fixed volume of fluid from one channel and depositing it into another.
Another embodiment of the invention, a shut-off valve 300, is illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3 b. Microchannel 130 is intersected by a second microchannel 131. Microchannel 131 has a mobile polymer plug 120 disposed therein. In the open position (FIG. 3a) polymer plug 120 is drawn up into microchannel 131 and against retaining means 140. Applying gas or liquid pressure to microchannel 131 forces polymer plug 120 into the channel intersection (FIG. 3b) against retaining means 141 stopping fluid flow or ionic current flow through microchannel 130.
A further embodiment, a two-way valve 400, is illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4 b. Microchannels 131 and 132 provide for fluid inlet to a common intersection 130, having retaining means 141 and 142 disposed at each end of the intersection, and a polymer plug 120 disposed therein. Outlet microchannel 133 intersects common intersection 130 between the two retaining means 140 and 141. The device prevents pressure-driven flow from one inlet microchannel from entering the other inlet microchannel. By way of example, application of fluid pressure to microchannel 132 causes element 120 to be driven towards channel 131 where it is seated against retaining means 141 blocking flow into channel 131 (FIG. 4b). In this way, fluid can flow from one inlet channel without causing contamination of, or flow into, the other inlet channel. Multiple channel valves can be constructed by connecting multiple two-channel valves, such as valve 400, in series. By way of example, the outlet channel 133 can be connected to either of inlet channels 131 or 132 of a second two-channel valve, along with a third inlet channel. The application of pressure to any one of the three inlet channels can result in flow of only the pressurized fluid with little or no contamination of the other two input fluids.
In microfluidic systems generally it can be desirable to amplify flow rates or forces, particularly for mechanical linear actuation. This can be accomplished, as illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5 b, by means of a change in the cross-sectional area of the mobile monolithic element. A monolithic mobile plug 120 is fabricated in microchannel 130 (150 μm wide and 20 μm deep). As before, a pressurized fluid in contact with the left end of mobile plug 120 causes plug 120 to move to the right. This results in a lower rate of fluid flow in microchannel 131 (50 μm wide and 20 μm deep), but a higher pressure is developed in channel 131. Conversely, if pressurized flow forces mobile plug 120 to the left, away from microchannel 131, a higher flow rate, but lower pressure, is developed in microchannel 130.
Operation of the novel microchannel flow control devices disclosed above is dependent upon the ability to produce a monolithic polymer material that conforms to the shape of the microchannel, does not bond to surrounding structures, such as the microchannel walls, and can be polymerized by exposure to radiation, such as thermal radiation or visible or UV light. For purposes of describing the invention, the term "bond" will include electrostatic attraction as well as chemical bonding. Sources of such radiation include UV or visible lamps and lasers. Depending on the application, it can be desirable that the polymer monolith be either porous or nonporous; a property of the polymer generally defined by its formulation. The term "nonporous" means the absence of any porosity in the monolithic polymer element that would permit fluid under pressure, or otherwise, to pass through the polymer element. Thus, in most cases, any open porosity that might be present has a pore diameter less than 5 nm. The term "porous" means that a pressure differential across the element results in some fluid flow through it. In general, this means pores larger than about 20 nm. A meso-porous porosity range also exists between these two porosity ranges wherein ionic current can flow through the polymer element but bulk fluid flow is negligible.
There are three basic requirements that must be fulfilled for successful fabrication of a mobile monolithic polymer element within a microchannel: 1) the monomer mixture must flow readily within the microchannel; 2) polymerization is initiated by exposure to radiation; and 3) the polymerized mixture must not bond to the channel wall.
The first requirement can be fulfilled by the choice of solvent. The solvent not only acts to help mobilize the monomer mixture but also acts as a diluent controlling the rate of polymerization of the monomer and causing polymerization not to extend substantially beyond the boundary of the radiation used to initiate polymerization. The second requirement is aided by the addition of a UV or visible light polymerization compound, such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, to the mixture. The third requirement can be achieved by two means. The first, by using a polymer having a surface charge of the same sign as that on the surface of the microchannel. By way of example, glass has exposed SiO− groups at a pH of 2 or greater. Thus, in order that a polymer material polymerized within a glass microchannel not bond to the glass surface, it too must have a negative surface charge.
Equivalence of surface charge of the polymer phase with that of the surrounding walls can be achieved by 1) adding suitable bifunctional monomers to the organic phase of the mixture to provide a charged polymer structure, or 2) by modifying the surface charge on a region of the microchannel wall by methods such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,860 issued to Goretty et al. May 2, 2000.
Bonding of the polymer to the microchannel walls can also be achieved by making the microchannel generally non-reactive by treating the microchannel as disclosed by Goretty et al., or by fabricating the microchannels on a non-reactive substrate, such as Teflon�, that does not bond with the formulations described herein.
The requirements set forth above are met by the general class of monomer and solvents described below which form part of this invention. The monomer mixtures are designed to form a single phase mixture at temperatures below about 40� C. and generally comprise four components:
1. A cross-linking agent selected from the group ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetracrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, or divinyl benzene, and mixtures thereof. The cross-linking agent generally present in about 10-50 vol % of the monomer mixture.
2. Tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (0-60 vol % of the monomer mixture).
3. A nonpolar monomer selected from the group branched or straight chain C1-C12 alkyl acrylates, styrene, or mixtures thereof (10-60 vol % of the monomer mixture).
4. A monomer selected to carry a charge at some range of pH values between about 2 and 12. Monomers can include C1-C12 alkyl or aryl acrylates substituted with sulfonate, phosphate, boronate, carboxylate, amine, or ammonium, or acrylamido analogs of the acryoyloxy compounds above, or mixtures of the above (0.1 to 5 vol % of the monomer mixture).
The solvent system can comprise:
1. Water (5-40 vol %) containing 5-100 mM buffer salts.
2. Other solvents selected from C1-C6 alcohols, C4-C8 ethers, C3-C6 esters, C1-C4 carboxylic acids, methyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, or N-methyl pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof (60-95 vol %).
The monomer to solvent ratio (by vol %) can vary from about 90:10 to 30:70 with a ratio of 60:40 preferred.
The following example illustrates generally a method for preparing mobile monolithic polymer materials in capillaries and microchannels, in accordance with the present invention. This example only serves to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Modifications and variations may become apparent to those skilled in the art, however these modifications and variations come within the scope of the appended claims. Only the scope and content of the claims limit the invention.
A monomer mixture was prepared by mixing together the following constituents:
40 ml 1,3-butanedioldiacrylate (BDDA)
39 ml tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA)
20 ml of hexyl acrylate
0.8 ml acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate.
An amount of photo-initiator (such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile) equal to 0.5% of the weight of the monomer mixture was added to the monomer mixture.
A solvent was prepared by mixing together:
45 ml acetonitrile
40 ml 2-methoxyethanol
15 ml of 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8)
The monomer and solvent were mixed together in a ratio (by vol %) of 60:40 and the mixture was filtered and degassed.
Referring now to FIG. 6, a mask 650 defining the outline of the polymer monolith to be produced was applied to the surface of a silica capillary tube arrangement comprising a silica capillary 131, about 50 μm wide, and silica capillary 130, about 100 μm wide, joined together on a common axis (FIG. 6), the combination having zero dead volume at the intersection. The liquid mixture was loaded into the capillaries and polymerized by exposure to a UV lamp (0.2 W/cm2), through mask 150, for about 4 minutes to form the solid polymer element 120 shown in FIG. 6. The polymer element shown in FIG. 6 was very similar in appearance to that of FIG. 5, except that the element did not extend into the smaller diameter channel. The polymerization time can vary depending upon the intensity and wavelength of the radiation source. Polymer elements have been fabricated in this manner using light having wavelengths of about 257 nm, 355 nm, and 405 nm. It is preferred that unreacted monomer be removed by flushing the capillary with a solvent such as acetonitrile. It was found that element 120 moved freely back and forth within microchannel 130 under applied pressure from either end of the microchannel until element 120 was seated against capillary 131. The end of capillary tube 130, distal from the joint, was attached to an HPLC pump to apply pressure to mobile polymer element 120. After polymer element 120 was seated against capillary 131 pressures greater than 5000 psi could be applied with no leakage of fluid across the interface between capillaries 130 and 131. However, when pressure was relieved the polymer element could be freely moved away from the capillary interface ("unseated"). Furthermore, it was found to be possible, by controlling the pressure applied to capillary 131, to extend polymer element 120 out of capillary 130 and then retract it back into the capillary.
Using the fabrication method set forth above, the inventors have shown that it is possible to make mobile polymer monoliths in-situ in channels ranging from 20 to 150 μm in diameter. Moreover, using the method described above there is, in principle, no reason why mobile monolithic polymer elements as small a few microns and as large as 1000 μm in diameter cannot be made.
The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 6 can be modified to provide a mechanical actuating function, as illustrated in FIG. 7. Here, an actuator of conventional design consisting of a monolithic mobile element 120 and actuating rod 510 is disposed in a microchannel arrangement, such as shown. Application of an alternating pressure to the end of element 120 opposite the actuating rod causes actuating rod 510 to periodically engage the object 520 being mechanically actuated, such as a membrane, wheel, rocker, lever, pin, or valve.
The polymer composition, prepared as above, possesses the additional advantage in that it can be depolymerized by energetic radiation (thermal or UV). By way of example, the selective application of 257 nm light from a frequency doubled Argon-ion laser to various parts of a polymer monolith, prepared by the method above, can cause depolymerization of the polymer in those areas exposed to the radiation, as shown in FIG. 8a, a side view of a microchannel and the polymer monolith contained therein. During the step of selective depolymerization, it can be desirable to periodically or continuously flush the illuminated region of the polymer monolith, to prevent depolymerized material, or its decomposition products, from clogging the microchannel. Video pictures of the depolymerization step have shown that monolithic elements depolymerize slowly from that part of the monolith upon which the light is incident; it is believed that this is because the polymer strongly absorbs mid- to deep-UV light within a distance of a few microns from the surface. Hence, by ending the exposure before the entire depth of the monolith is depolymerized, a gap 821 may be lithographically patterned between the top of the microchannel and the polymer monolith itself, as shown in FIG. 8b. In this way, it is now possible to make three-dimensional structures that cannot be produced by conventional lithographic polymerization, and would be impossible to machine conventionally. The dimensions of the area to be depolymerized are delineated by a mask and/or focusing of a laser, and the depth of the removed region is determined by the intensity of the incident light and the duration of exposure. Since the microchannel formed by traditional micromachining techniques (wet or dry etching) are not cylindrical, the cast-in-place polymer monolith is naturally constrained from rotating, unless there is extensive depolymerization along the entire length of the monolith.
FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a diverter or 2-way valve structure manufactured using the selective depolymerization method set forth above. The mobile monolithic element 120 has a depolymerized gap 821 along its top (as shown in FIG. 8b), formed near its center for diverting fluid from one microchannel into either of two separate microchannels. Microchannel 131 provides a common intersection for microchannels 130, 132, and 133. Application of pressure to microchannel 131 causes polymer element 120 to be drawn to one side blocking fluid flow from microchannel 130 into one of the parallel opposing microchannels (132 or 133). Application of pressure to the other side of element 120 causes fluid flow to be blocked to the other microchannel. This device has the property that, the pressures within microchannels 130, 132, and 133 impose no differential pressure across the length of element 120. Hence element 120 can be actuated by pressures much lower than the pressure in the controlled microchannels 130, 132, and 133.
The invention is not limited to plug-shaped geometries for the polymer element. FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the invention as a rotational flowmeter. Here, microchannel 910, having an inlet and outlet segment, intersects a cavity 920, which separates the inlet and outlet segments of microchannel 910. The cavity is micromachined so as to leave a central hub 940. A rotatable polymer disc 930, having a plurality of projections 935 distributed around its circumference, is disposed in cavity 920 and on hub 940 around which it rotates. The projections can be uniformly distributed around the circumference and the space between the projections defines a fixed volume. Thus, each partial rotation of polymer disc 930 insects a fixed volume of fluid, delivered by the inlet segment of microchannel 910, into the outlet segment of the microchannel. Detection of the movement of the polymer disc can be achieved by a wide range of optical techniques. By way of example, a weak but focused light can be projected into the path of polymeric projections 935. Each time a polymer projection moves onto the light beam a portion of the light will be absorbed and the decrease in intensity of the light beam can be detected.
In summary, the present invention is directed to a cast-in-place mobile, monolithic polymer element for controlling fluid and ionic current flow in microchannel systems and method of manufacture thereof. Fluid flow control devices for microfluidic applications, and microvalves can be made incorporating the cast-in-place, mobile monolithic polymer element of the invention, disposed within a microchannel, and driven by a displacing force that can be an electric field or fluid or gas pressure against a sealing surface to provide for control of fluid flow. As a means for controlling fluid flow, these devices possess the additional advantage that they can be used translationally and/or rotationally to effect pressure driven, electroosmotic, or electrophoretic flow, to eliminate or enhance diffusive or convective mixing, to inject fixed quantities of fluid, and to selectively divert flow from one channel to various other channels. The polymer elements are made by the application of lithographic methods to monomer mixtures formulated in such a way that the resulting polymer element will not bond to microchannel walls. These polymer elements can seal against pressures greater than 5000 psi, and have a response time on the order of milliseconds. Finally, by the use of energetic radiation it is possible to depolymerize selected regions of the polymer element to form shapes that cannot be produced by conventional lithographic patterning and would be impossible to machine.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sign-up today to join over 5 million learners already on ALISON:
ALISON's free online Diploma in Web Design course is ideal if you've always wanted to create your own website but lacked the skills or knowledge to do so. Aimed at both the novice and intermediat..
21 Steps To Building A Web Business is ALISON'S free online course covering the skills and techniques needed to create a successful online business. Chris Farrell, voted Number 1 Internet Marketi..
Computer networks are central to modern digital communication technologies; however, network security is constantly under attack from both external and internal sources.
This free ..
In this free online course you will learn what cloud computing is, how it works, and both the pros and cons of this system.
In the term 'cloud computing' the word 'cloud' is a meta..
This free online course represents an in-depth introduction to the world of Information Technology (IT).
It explores information communication technology (ICT), design techniques, in..
Sign-up to join over 5 million learners:
Sign up / Login with email


text:
Written on: 14/12/2013 by Burg1964 (1 review written)
I bought this as the girl from Currys said it was brilliant no chemicals needed. I had a sharp, which I loved, but our water is full of dirt, it kept clogging the filter. So I thought I would buy a different one as I needed a floor cleaner urgently. It takes far to long to heat, the sharp was instantly. The grip handle hurts your hand as it not smooth Handle , the steam is very wet, my floors take too long too dry. Not happy with this at all, hate getting out to use, to put the bit together, also there is no water gauge to see how much water there us. I wish I had bought a new sharp .. Anyone want to swap .
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Does not clean very well and not robust " Read More
" This is clearly a "Marmite" product! " Read More
" Do not touch it with a bargepole! " Read More
" Useless Machine Usless Customer Service " Read More
" Focus " Read More


text:
There are 28 results - Show results on a map Print this page
Showing 21 - 28 of 28
Located in a delightfully tranquil setting between the historic cities of Winchester and Salisbury, Longstock is a well placed village just north of Stockbridge in the heart of the Test Valley, known ...More about The Peat Spade Inn
An 18th-century former hunting lodge, this hotel is set in four acres of impressive and well-tended grounds on the edge of the New Forest. Well-equipped bedrooms come in varying sizes and styles and a...More about Woodlands Lodge Hotel
Cricket Field House is a 19th-century gamekeeper's cottage set in award-winning gardens overlooking the South Wiltshire Cricket Ground. It is within walking distance of the city centre and railway sta...More about Cricket Field House
High quality, budget accommodation ideal for both families and business travellers. Spacious, en suite bedrooms feature tea and coffee making facilities, and Freeview TV in most hotels. Internet acces...More about Premier Inn Southampton West
Dating back to the 16th century, this delightful farmhouse was gifted to Lord Nelson's family as part of the Trafalgar estate. The house has comfortable bedrooms, most with four-poster beds, and all a...More about Newton Farmhouse
Kingswood Cottage is located in Ashurst village, a quiet area just three miles from Lyndhurst yet with easy access to Southampton, which is only six miles away. Bedrooms are comfortably appointed with...More about Kingswood Cottage
This property offers practical, comfortable accommodation at reasonable prices. Not all rooms are en suite but bathrooms are well situated. Breakfast is served in the dining room or as a take-away opt...More about The Brimar Guest House
This popular hotel, dating from 1896, has gardens that overlook the water meadows and the cathedral. The attractive bedrooms vary in size, some offer excellent quality and comfort, and some rooms are ...More about Grasmere House Hotel


text:
NORTH HOLLYWOOD, Calif., March 20 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- IPC The
Hospitalist Company, Inc. (Nasdaq: IPCM), a leading provider of hospitalist
services, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full
year ended December 31, 2007.
Fourth Quarter 2007 Highlights:
-- Net revenue increased 31% year-over-year to $52.6 million, largely
driven by same-market area revenue growth of 20%
-- Income from operations rose 207% year-over-year to $4.1 million, as
operating margin increased to 8%
-- Net income increased 94% year-over-year to $2.8 million, or $0.24 per
pro-forma fully diluted share
-- Ended the year with 546 affiliated hospitalists
Adam D. Singer, M.D., Chief Executive Officer, stated, "We are pleased to report record operating results for the full year and fourth quarter of 2007. The results continue our 10-year track record of year-over-year growth in revenue, patient encounters and our number of affiliated hospitalists. In 2007, we acquired nine hospitalist physician practices, of which two represented new market areas for the Company."
Dr. Singer added, "We became a publicly traded company in January 2008 following our successful initial public offering. As a leader in providing hospitalist services, we are well-positioned to continue to expand our market presence through organic growth initiatives and acquisitions."
Fourth Quarter 2007
IPC's fourth quarter 2007 total patient encounters rose 29% to 594,000,
compared to 460,000 in the same period last year. IPC reported fourth
quarter 2007 net revenue of $52.6 million, a 31% increase from $40.2
million for the fourth quarter of 2006. Of the increase in net revenue, 62%
was at
|SOURCE IPC The Hospitalist Company, Inc.
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
Syracuse Crunch
AHL Game Night: 2-7-14 Crunch at FalconsSubmitted by pete on February 7, 2014 - 22:59
Overmatched Crunch make a game of it.
Allen York, back in the crease with Kristers Gudlevskis being recalled to Tampa earlier in the day, allowed 4 goals on 27 shots for the loss.
First Period
SPR Sedlak, (8) (Smith), 13:00
SPR Skille, (5) , 15:51
Second Period
SYR DiSalvatore, (5) (Mormina), 15:24
Third Period
SPR Jacques, (6) (Weber, Marchessault), 1:56
SYR DiSalvatore, (6) (Paquette, Nesterov), 7:40
SPR Chaput, (11) (Marchessault, Jacques), 14:13
Jon DiSalvatore was the game's second star.
The team was without an AHL level goaltender and its top center, arguably, with Vladislav Namestnikov also being recalled earlier in the day. It just continues to be too much of a mountain for the team to climb, unfortunately.
Box score from TheAHL.com.
Crunch Rookie Paquette Climbing the ChartsSubmitted by jghoughtaling on February 7, 2014 - 12:01
At the beginning of the season, Cedric Paquette classified himself as a third line center.
A defensively responsible forward that plays with an edge, Paquette knew where he was likely to find ice time. But with injuries and call-ups constantly shuffling the Syracuse Crunch lineup, the rookie has found a home where he didn't expect — on a scoring line.
Paquette has seen spot duty on the top line, but has spent most of the season on the Crunch's second unit. Forty-five games into Syracuse's season, the 20-year-old leads the team with 14 goals and is tied for first with 30 points.
"He's quickly found his way up the charts," said Crunch coach Rob Zettler. "He just does a lot of really good things. Above all the things he does well, he's a competitor. He plays hard every night, and that's why he's been successful."
AHL Game Night: 2-5-14 Crunch at AmericansSubmitted by pete on February 5, 2014 - 22:38
Syracuse snaps their winless drought.
Kristers Gudlevskis, fresh off his one day stint with the Lightning, allowed 1 goal on 22 shots for the victory.
First Period
Second Period
SYR Paquette, (13) (Rankin), 18:06
Third Period
SYR Connolly, (13) (DiSalvatore), 4:42
SYR Paquette, (14) (Rankin), 6:14
RCH Roy, (5) (Pysyk), 12:41
SYR Korobov, (1) , 19:28 (EN)
Cedric Paquette, Evan Rankin, and Gudlevskis were the game's three stars. It was the Crunch's first victory since January 17th against the Hershey Bears. In the meantime, they found themselves mired in a 0-6-0-1 slump that has likely torpedoed the team's playoff hopes. Even with the victory tonight, Syracuse is 12 points out of 8th in the Eastern Conference. Still, the Crunch can claim a mini points streak of two games and at least look to be getting their equilibrium back. You have to walk before you can run. Next up is Springfield on Friday.
Box score from TheAHL.com.
Witkowski Learning from Increased Ice TimeSubmitted by jghoughtaling on February 5, 2014 - 10:19
Luke Witkowski has learned many lessons in the first half of his rookie season.
The defenseman is surrounded by quality teachers, whether its a coaching staff with decades of experience in professional hockey or the many veterans that dot the Syracuse Crunch lineup.
But sometimes, the best lessons are taught through personal experience.
"These guys help him and we try to help him as much as possible, but I think sometimes you have to live through some of those mistakes," said Crunch coach Rob Zettler. "You can tell a guy to move the puck quickly as much as you want, but sometimes he has to learn the hard way and get caught doing it."
AHL Game Day: 2-1-14 Admirals at CrunchSubmitted by pete on February 1, 2014 - 22:14
Syracuse starts February with a moral victory after facing some extreme adversity.
ECHL loaner Allan York allowed 2 goals on 31 shots before allowing 2 of 3 Norfolk shooters to convert in the penalty shot session for the SO Loss. That's better goaltending, statistically, than Syracuse has been getting lately. With their preferred backup option experiencing plane trouble, the Crunch had 40-something year old John Parks backing up York for the price of 3 crisp $100 bills and one personalized, authentic, Crunch alternate jersey, which he got to keep. These extraordinary circumstances, of course, made it a remarkable moral victory that Syracuse got a point out of the game. And, luckily, with Ben Bishop feeling well enough for the Lightning, Kristers Gudlevskis has been returned to the Crunch moving forward.
First Period
SYR DiSalvatore, (4) (Tyrell, Angelidis), 10:20
Second Period
NOR Ezekiel, (1) , 9:57
NOR Eminger, (1) (Ezekiel, Laganiere), 15:39
Third Period
SYR Tyrell, (5) , 2:05 (SH)
NOR- Grant, Etem
Dana Tyrell was the game's second star.
If the playoffs started today, Norfolk would be the 4 seed in the Eastern Conference. So, again, with an ECHL loaner and "some dude" off the street as backup, that's not an unimpressive result for the Crunch. It shows what this team is capable of pulling off when focused. Let's hope that with the disastrous month of January behind them and Gudlevskis back in the fold, Syracuse can parlay that into a good month of hockey. They face Rochester next on Wednesday.
Box score from TheAHL.com.


text:
June 23, 2013
Who doesn't like cinnamon scones with their morning coffee? This gluten-free dairy-free version from Cassidy's Cravable Creations allows people with any kind of dietary restriction to enjoy this baked goodie. These cinnamon scones are perfect for breakfast or even mid-day snack.
2 cups blanched almond flour
1 cup tapioca flour+ more for dusting
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon xanthan gum
1 1/4 teaspoons baking powder
1/4 teaspoon soda
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
5 tablespoons Earth Balance butter, vegan
1 whole egg
1/4 cup agave nectar
1 teaspoon vanilla
1/4 cup agave nectar
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon+ more for dusting
For full recipe instructions, click here.
Image Sources:
Related Articles
- Gluten Free Vegan Dark Chocolate Chipotle Cake
- Gluten Free + Allergy Friendly Thanksgiving Desserts
- 3 Minute Cranberry Relish - No Cooking Required
- 5 Best Gluten Free Sweet Potato Casserole Recipes
- Last Minute Vegan Gluten Free Desserts
- 5 Sinfully Delicious Vegan Chocolate Desserts
- Sunday Baking: Gluten Free Cake Pop Recipes
- Gluten Free Vegan Bourbon Pumpkin Pie
- 5 Must Try Gluten Free Pumpkin Cookie Recipes - Allergy Friendly
- Decadent & Healthy Vegan Chocolate Pudding
Related Recipes
- Gluten Free Cinnamon Scones
- Upside-Down Vegetarian Apple and Cinnamon Pie
- Peanut Butter Cookie Recipe
- A twist on soda bread, Irish Oat Scones
- Spicy Roasted Pumpkin Seeds (Pepitas)
- Gluten Free Dairy Free Orange Rosemary Cupcakes
- Gnocchi - Sweet Potato Recipes
- Nutrient rich green peas cookies
- Cinnamon Roll Oatmeal
- French Toast With Cinnamon and Nutmeg
Want more from Foodista? Sign up below!


text:
Letters to the Editor
Outgoing Lafayette County Schools Superintendent W. Michael Foster writes to thank all of the employees, teachers, students, parents and members of the community for all of their help with the county school system. (December 12, 2011, Page 4)
Supervisors end term much as they began
Staff Writer Alyssa Schnugg, who covers county government for The EAGLE, takes a look back at the four-year term of the current Lafayette County Board of Supervisors. She notes controversial decisions by the board, individually and collectively, as well as major accomplishment that have helped the county. (December 9, 2011, Page 4A)
There's so much to be thankful for
Do you like lists? In honor of Thanksgiving, Editor Don Whitten gives us a Top 20 list – of Things to be Thankful For. (November 24, 2011, Page 4A)
Giving thanks for the true beauty of Oxford
Jennifer and Peter Pinnow write a guest column to express their thanks for all of the support their family has received while they deal with son Jack's treatment for a brain tumor, and to point out this, the week of Thanksgiving, the true beauty the Oxford community features. (November 23, 2011, Page 4A)
Letters to the Editor
Max Hill writes to give his take on state Sen. Gray Tollison's switching political parties after being re-elected earlier this month. (November 16, 2011, Page 4)
Letters to the Editor
Dr. Ford Dye writes to urge all candidates running for legislative and statewide office to remember local doctors and their contributions to the community when making policy. (October 28, 2011, Page 4A)
LOFT has big hit with Temptations fundraiser
From time to time, you run across something that's a win-win situation. One is coming up next month for those who like music and want to help a local philanthropic organization, and Editor Don Whitten takes a closer look at the two sides – The Temptations in concert at The Lyric and a fundraiser for the Lafayette Oxford Foundation for Tomorrow. (October 24, 2011, Page 4A)
How do you pick your answers, candidates?
When picking an answer on a quiz or voting in an election, did you realize you're more likely to pick the first option if you're not very sure about which to pick? Editor Don Whitten takes a look at that slight edge and its effect on elections. (October 12, 2011, Page 4)
Censorship, not controversial art, is in bad taste
The business of using ideology to deny people and programs much-needed money is, local columnist Deidra Jackson writes, getting old. Jackson brings the issue from the national stage with FEMA to locally with the Board of Supervisors pulling funding for the Yoknapatawpha Arts Council. (October 6, 2011, Page 4)
Letters to the Editor
J. Gabriel Scala writes to express the sadness and disappointment that local non-profit VOX Press felt after learning that the Lafayette County Board of Supervisors had voted to pull funding for the Yoknapatawpha Arts Council, while Claire Kiamie writes to express thanks to members of the community who helped make the recent Rally for a Cure such a success. (October 6, 2011, Page 4)


text:
Take a bite out of your shopping list and tickle the fancy of a foodie friend with these clever candles in disguise. This set includes two coffee-colored macarons and a fragrant hazelnut latte-scented espresso, served in an adorable demitasse cup with saucer. Your recipient will soon be drooling over these scrumptious sculptures.
2 hazelnut latte scented macaron candles. Each approximately H 1" W 1.5" and over 3 hours burn time.
1 hazelnut latte scented candle in demitasse cup with saucer. Cream pattern on surface may vary from image. Cup: H 2.5" W 2.5" (plus 1" handle). Saucer: .5" wide. Up to 15 hours burn time.
This product has no reviews yet. Be the first to review this product. Write a review
Enjoy 10% off your first order*


text:
Girls give out their number to boys they don't actually like?
Why do girls give me their number, and when I call they suddenly do not seem interested at all? I will get their number, and then call and they will... Show More
Most Helpful Opinion
a lot of times it's much easier to reject a guy on the phone/text than in person. It's really awkward when a guy asks for your number and you say no, it makes any further conversation stop, and generally makes the situation weird.
Why can't a girl just give away a fake number?
Also, is it possible the girl was just overwhelmed by my good looks and charm and gave me her number without realizing what she was doing?
Hahaha, totally, sir
What Girls Said 5
Not so much that they want to "make themselves feel better" but they may just be curious as to what you intentions are...
To add to this, is there a specific thing to do to make the girl know I want
A. sex
B. Relationshio
C. date for a party/event
D. hang out friend
How do they read your intentions for each of of these for example?
A. be extremely forward (i.e. come over tonight) and say how she is.
B. Be the sweet cheesy guy its what we want. i.e. lunch date first to just talk and get to know eachother
C. Ask if she is available to go out on the date. i.e. my friends bday dinner
D. Ask to go somewhere its not jsut going to be just the 2 of you i.e. bowling
Has it ever occured to you that they gave out their number because they just wanted to develop a normal non-sexual normal friendship with you? I have given my number out to guys before that I don't want to date/do anything sexual with ever, but just like them as a normal friend and want to develop a normal friendship with them...
This has occurred to me. I meet female friends differently then female love interests. If a lady and I flirt, I ask if she is free to go out sometime, and we exchange numbers, I imagine she is interested in a date. But of course, I could be TOTALLY WRONG.
What Guys Said 0
Be the first guy to share an opinion and earn 1 extra Xper Point!
Have an opinion?


text:
Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceWhirlpool Washer
Level of DifficultyEasy
Time to do repair1- 2 hours
Age of ApplianceMore than 10 years
PliersScrew driversSocket set
2nd time partselact has saved my ~13 year old washer for a total of ~40$ Entered the symptom and they told me more than likely what to look for and VIOLA ! Would've been easy to spend $200 each time my washer quit working but with a suggestion from a menu and even a video to show me how I revived my old $400 AMERICAN made washer to wash another day. Thank you part select !!
Help other customers find the most helpful instructions.
Were these instructions helpful?
Part Number: PS1485646
All brand logos are trademarks of their respective owners.
The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
Copyright © 1999-2015 , Eldis Group Partnership. All rights reserved.


text:
Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceKitchenAid Dishwasher
Level of DifficultyEasy
Time to do repair30 - 60 mins
Age of Appliance5 - 10 years
PliersScrew driversSocket setWrench set
This is the third one that I have fixed in 2 months. This is a very poor design for such high quality, but expensive dishwasher. While installing the new balance link on the third one, I noticed that the design was flawd, so instead of putting more tension on the string than needed, I only looped the string around the bottom roller, instead of looping it in the "s" configuration as shown in most instructions. The door balance kit works perfectly fine this way with less tension. I could be wrong on this, but less tension on this string may help it last longer. These doors are heavy, and there isn't a real big difference from the "s" loop as recommended and the "L" loop as I did. Still works fine.
Help other customers find the most helpful instructions.
Were these instructions helpful?
Part Number: PS972325
All brand logos are trademarks of their respective owners.
The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
Copyright © 1999-2015 , Eldis Group Partnership. All rights reserved.


text:
2. Spinach and Strawberry Salad
Sure, vegans eat more than just salad, but nothing says spring to me like a fresh, spinach salad tossed with strawberries and almonds.
- 8 cups of spinach, chopped
- 2 cups of strawberries, sliced
- 1 cup slivered almonds
- 1 Haas avocado, diced
- 1/3 cup orange juice
- 1/3 cup olive oil
- 1/4 cup balsamic vinegar
- 2 tablespoon Dijon-style prepared mustard
- salt and pepper, to taste
1. In a large bowl, toss together the spinach, strawberries, almond, and avocado.
2. In a smaller bowl, whisk together the remaining ingredients. You can either toss the dressing in with the salad, or pass it on the side.
Next: Classic Veggie Roast


text:
This is freaking nuts. The guy was just inducted into the WWE HOF on Saturday and was on RAW last night for the first time in years to cut promo.
This is freaking nuts. The guy was just inducted into the WWE HOF on Saturday and was on RAW last night for the first time in years to cut promo.
"Since I've been with the Reds in 1989, we've never had a farm system this loaded," Bowden said. "If we were the New York Yankees and had unlimited dollars, we could have traded for Colon, (Jeff) Weaver, Rolen, (Cliff) Floyd, (Kenny) Rogers and Finley and gotten them all -- and still held onto our top five prospects. That's an amazing statement."
I don't know how to handle this. I literally watched him live two days ago.
the store for all your blade, costuming (in any regard), leather (also in any regard), and steel craft needs.www.facebook.com/tdhshop
yes, this really is how we make our living.
about two and half minutes in:
i'll never understand why I, and so many others loved watching this incoherent slug in the ring. but I loved him, even as an adult smark.
Last edited by Ravenlord; 04-09-2014 at 02:16 AM.
the store for all your blade, costuming (in any regard), leather (also in any regard), and steel craft needs.www.facebook.com/tdhshop
yes, this really is how we make our living.
*BaseClogger* (04-20-2014)
I'm glad he at least got one more moment in the sun and his legacy will be more than "The Self Destruction of the Ultimate Warrior".
RIP Jim Hellwig
Very sad news indeed. Almost every wrestling fan I know at one time or another was a big fan of his in his heyday.
The Rally Onion wants 150 fans before Opening Day.
I watched Raw and thought he looked very unhealthy then. Something just didn't seem right. He was moving slowly, his breathing seemed to be labored, when he shook the ropes they barely moved. Really unsettling to see a day later that he's gone.
In an unrelated note, I saw video of the Undertaker a day after Mania, and he could barely walk up the steps into his bus. This sport takes a heavy toll on people, and the average life span is scary. Hopefully Mark Calaway (Undertaker) hangs it up and calls it a career. Would hate to see him or other legends like him go too soon as well.
His comments on Raw are chilling considering this news.
"Strickland Propane... Taste the meat, not the heat." - Hank Hill
The Rally Onion wants 150 fans before Opening Day.
I can remember some years ago that a rumor was floating around that "the original Ultimate Warrior" died when his heart exploded (that is how the story was told). He was so popular at the time that the WWF replaced him with a look-alike. Anyone else remember this story?
Small market fan... always hoping, but never expecting.
I was into wrestling for about a year when I was a kid and it was around Ultimate Warrior's time. He turned into a bit of a crank I have read, but I still always loved the guy.
Here he is threatening a humor website with a lawsuit:
And of course he legally changed his name to "Warrior" I think to win the trademark or something?
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.
--Oscar Wilde
RedFanAlways1966 (04-09-2014)
You have to think steroids had something to do with it. He was the poster boy for it.
The Rally Onion wants 150 fans before Opening Day.
Don't let your children grow up to be wrestlers.
I've watched probably 20 minutes of new wrestling since Eddy died. I keep up by reading Scott Keith's blog but I can't watch it anymore. It's just too sad.
On and on and on.
Thought about getting the WWE network but the hell with the business.
"But I do know Joey's sister indirectly (or foster sister) and I have heard stories of Joey being into shopping, designer wear, fancy coffees, and pedicures."
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


text:
FOX Sports Exclusive
MAC schools on outside looking in
The concept of the underdog is fundamental to March Madness, as the belief that David can defeat Goliath is the reason every tournament contest is must-see TV. It explains the perpetual frequency of Bryce Drew and George Mason images during this season, and why Hoosiers holds a consecrated place in our sporting lore. It boasts its own vernacular, with popular terms such as "busted brackets," "buzzer beaters" and "Butler Bulldogs." (Three entities which, as of late, have been synonymous.)
The case can be made that the success of the little guys has revolutionized the dynamic of the competition. No first-round opponent can be viewed as a pushover, evidenced by the mayhem instigated last season by No. 15 seeds Norfolk State and Lehigh, and consistent prosperity from Gonzaga and Xavier illustrates a school's conference affiliation does not dictate hardwood fruition.
Yet, while "mid-major" no longer carries negative connotation, one nomenclature that's continually overlooked this time of year is "Mid-American Conference." For in three weeks, when the selection committee emerges from its Fortress of Solitude trumpeting 68 chosen clubs to its annual hoops festival, the league will likely send a lone representative to the Big Dance. Meaning one, if not two, deserving Midwestern Cinderellas will not receive invites to the ball.
Sad, too, as the MAC has maintained a flair for the dramatic come March. Wally Szczerbiak and the Miami RedHawks knocked off the reigning national runner-up Utah Utes on their way to the Sweet 16 in 1999. A forward by the name of Antonio Gates powered Kent State to an Elite Eight appearance in 2002. Georgetown, Michigan and South Florida have been causalities of the Ohio Bobcats since 2010. Subtract the feats of Arizona and UCLA and the case can be made that the MAC has been as relevant as the Pac-12 in the spring, amazing given the disparity in resources and infrastructure between the two conferences.
The team anticipated to hold this slingshot in 2013 resides in Akron. The Zips are riding a 17-game winning streak, longest in the nation, into this weekend's matchup with North Dakota State and flaunt a 21-4 mark (including a flawless league record). Head coach Keith Dambrot's roster took Oklahoma State into overtime earlier this season before succumbing 69-65, and their RPI ranking is better than bubble teams like Villanova, Ole Miss and St. John's. With a formidable duo down low in Zeke Marshall and Demetrius Treadwell and the court vision of Alex Abreu, you better believe the big boys want no part of Akron come tourney time.
Also grabbing the attention of the power conferences are the aforementioned Bobcats. Inches away from upsetting top-ranked North Carolina last year, almost every principal member from 2012's Sweet 16 squad returned for the current campaign. This includes point guard D.J. Cooper, who is on pace to become the first player in Division I history to rack up 2,000 points, 900 dimes, 500 boards and 300 steals in a career, and guard Walter Offutt, who was named to last season's Midwest Regional team. At 20-6, with its only conference loss coming to the Zips, OU's guard dexterity and roster experience (10 players are juniors or seniors) fits the formula for bracket triumph.
Alas, postseason conference tournaments are fickle matters, and it's not a reach to envision a viable adversary like Western Michigan or Toledo cutting down the nets in Cleveland. If this comes to pass, an at-large invitation is dubious for Ohio or Akron, as the MAC has been a one-bid conference since 1999.
The MAC's parity does its members no favors, as beating up on one another tends to diminish each school's record. Operating in the shadow of Big Ten country, as well as a lack of proximity to big markets, also curtails the league's visibility. Yet their collective tournament reputation speaks for itself, and elucidates the sentiment that MAC institutions struggle to find worthy non-conference competition from wary big-name challengers.
FOXIEST FANSCheck out the FOXiest fans from arenas across the country and tweet us your photo.
In their defense, the selection committee has made advancements in embracing smaller schools that failed to obtain automatic qualifiers into the tournament. However, despite the elevation of Lilliputian conferences like the Missouri Valley and West Coast, the MAC has been marooned on the outside looking in. Worse, bracket experts forecast companies like Temple, California and Virginia (whose, ahem, "impressive" resume includes losses to Delaware and a four-win Old Dominion crew) as entrants, attesting that the practice of rewarding anemic performances in supposed rugged leagues is alive and well.
These teams have received their shot at the top dogs, and their endeavors have fallen short. Schools like Akron and Ohio warrant an opportunity against basketball's finest, and if history is any barometer, their merit is more than adequate.
After all, if March claims to be sport's greatest theater, how can you exclude its most captivating entertainers?
More Stories From Joel Beall
Member Comments
Please note by clicking on "Post comment" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms of Use and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms. Be Polite. Inappropriate posts may be removed by the moderator.
NCAA BK Headlines
No. 3 Michigan State beats Indiana with Payne sidelined again
Buffett, Gilbert team to offer $1 billion for perfect bracket
Holmes beats buzzer with 3-pointer to send Texas over K-State
No. 14 Kentucky rolls past Texas A&M behind Poythress, Johnson
No. 20 Pittsburgh bounces back from loss with rout of Clemson
Fox Sports Store
|Nike Florida Gators #1 Replica Elite Basketball Jersey - Black
|Nike Florida Gators #1 Replica Elite Basketball Jersey - Black
|Nike Georgetown Hoyas #22 Hyper Elite Road Performance Jersey - Navy Blue
|Nike Georgetown Hoyas #22 Hyper Elite Road Performance Jersey - Navy Blue
|Nike Duke Blue Devils #5 Tourney Takeover Replica T-Shirt - Duke Blue
|Nike Duke Blue Devils #5 Tourney Takeover Replica T-Shirt - Duke Blue
|Nike Oregon Ducks X-Ray Ball T-Shirt - Green
|Nike Oregon Ducks X-Ray Ball T-Shirt - Green
|Nike Ohio State Buckeyes Road Warrior Tri-blend T-Shirt - Scarlet
|Nike Ohio State Buckeyes Road Warrior Tri-blend T-Shirt - Scarlet
|Indiana Hoosiers 2013 NCAA Men\'s Basketball Road to March Madness T-Shirt - Crimson
|Indiana Hoosiers 2013 NCAA Men\'s Basketball Road to March Madness T-Shirt - Cri..
|adidas Louisville Cardinals 2013 March Madness #10 Premier Swingman Jersey - Red
|adidas Louisville Cardinals 2013 March Madness #10 Premier Swingman Jersey - Red
|adidas Notre Dame Fighting Irish 2013 March Madness #45 Premier Swingman Jersey - White
|adidas Notre Dame Fighting Irish 2013 March Madness #45 Premier Swingman Jersey ..
|Nike Gonzaga Bulldogs March Madness Bracketville T-Shirt - Navy Blue
|Nike Gonzaga Bulldogs March Madness Bracketville T-Shirt - Navy Blue
|Top of the World Miami Hurricanes 2013 NCAA ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Champions Adjustable Hat – Green
|Top of the World Miami Hurricanes 2013 NCAA ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Cham..


text:
Gina Abudi, president, Abudi Consulting
Click to hear the interview.
Jump to main content.
Friday - 3/11/2011, 5:49pm EST
Click to hear the interview.
One area where agencies can maximize their potential is to build effective teams. But how do you build an effective team - one that works together and clicks?
Gina Abudi, president of Abudi Consulting group, has come up with her five stages of team development. She says small changes can affect a team dynamic.
Read Abudi's blog on the five steps of team development.


text:
Results 1 to 1 of 1
Thread: Arbat Street, Russia
November 20th, 2003 #1
Arbat Street, Russia
This is based on a photo I took of some musicians on Arbat Street in Moscow, Russia. I welcome any critiques or praises. Thank you for viewing.
:: Oil Painting on Canvas ::
- Similar Threads
- The Street We Live On- Sesame Street Tribute
- Art: Moscow, Russia.
- Art: Russia.


text:
Community pools stretch their budgets to offer summer fun
Jennifer McCutchan can spend $15 for her and her daughter, Maci, to spend three or four days a week at the Norman "Red" Mosby Pool in Howell Park, less than the price of two movie tickets.
"It's great, with all the amenities they have here, versus driving out to Burdette," McCutchan said.
"We come here over doing other things because the price is great, and the kids can stay active and then be tired all night."
Even with the recent economic decline, Evansville Department of Parks and Recreation Deputy Director Dan Schall said they have not raised pool prices to keep up with maintenance costs.
"We charge a very low rate in order to get into our facilities," he said. "That definitely doesn't offset operational costs."
The department subsidizes around half of the budget, Schall said, paying for the costs not covered by admissions with tax dollars.
"If we had to charge exactly what it takes to operate these pools, fees would increase dramatically and we wouldn't have the attendance that we have at our pools," Schall said.
In fact, attendance has risen in recent years after the city took on replacing Howell Pool with Mosby Pool, adding a splash park with spray guns and a bucket that dumps water on the children below, a little more than three years ago.
"Structurally it wasn't safe to swim in anymore," said Aquatic Supervisor for Neighborhood Pools Amy Bonenberger. "This part of the city went a year and a half without a pool; I think that's why the community supports it so much."
In Mount Vernon, Pool Manager Ruth Fulwider said more people might stay home from Brittlebank Pool due to gas prices, but the pool has still recently seen improvements that have received positive feedback.
"We have done some improvements, but we planned for them in last year's budget," Fulwider said. "We repainted and plastered our pool and got tile work done around the edges of the pool and a new canopy in the concession area as well. It was nice before, but it's really nice now."
However, Brittlebank did lower their prices this year to help families handle the economy. General admission dropped 25 cents to become $3 and pre-season passes were lowered $25, Fulwider said.
"We're encouraging people to stay in our community and use our facility," she said.
Community pools offer a cheap opportunity for all citizens, Schall said, and he is pleased that Evansville is able to provide the service for 12 weeks out of every year.
"I believe it's a quality of life issue; it's part of every community," said Mike Copeland, maintenance director at Mosby Poll. "There have always been community pools and there always will be community pools. Families get to get out and spend time together."
Subscribe to the Courier & Press or The Gleaner
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7771.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6am-11am / Sunday: 7am-Noon


text:
By: Jan Skutch on June 9, 2014 - 8:35am - Add new comment
Chatham County Assistant District Attorney Shalena Cook Jones deals daily with cases where seniors are the victims of abuse, often at the hands of family members or loved ones.
She brings to the office a passion for her work, one she has carried since District Attorney Meg Heap selected her for the post in 2013.
By: Jan Skutch on June 5, 2014 - 8:54am - Add new comment
When Savannah's J. Tom Coleman Jr. died yesterday, folks lined up to praise his lifetime of public service to Savannah and the state and his total commitment to his wife, Mary, and six children.
Lost in the wave of praise was the voice of Bishop Emeritus J. Kevin Boland with the Catholic Diocese of Savannah.
By: Jan Skutch on June 5, 2014 - 8:48am - Add new comment
When Savannah's J. Tom Coleman Jr. died yesterday, folks lined up to praise his lifetime of public service to Savannah and the state and his total commitment to his wife, Mary, and six children.
Lost in the wave of praise was the voice of Bishop Emeritus J. Kevin Boland with the Catholic Diocese of Savannah.
By: Jan Skutch on May 27, 2014 - 12:05pm - Add new comment
The Cuyler Community Improvement Association Inc. has awarded Ursuline B. Law Medical Services Scholarships to assist three women in pursuing careers in medicine.
Winning the $1,000 scholarships were:
By: Jan Skutch on May 23, 2014 - 10:14am - Add new comment
Union Mission Inc. officials are inviting the public to an open house on from 10 a.m.-4 p.m. on Friday, May 30, at the Grace House, 120 Fahm St.
Folks may stop by that site or make arrangements to visit any of the agency's other sites, said Pat Monahan, interim executive director..
For information, call Grace House at Union Mission 236-7423.
By: Jan Skutch on May 22, 2014 - 9:32am - Add new comment
Bernard Polite and his small band of volunteers at Community Help Inc. gathered last night with guests for their annual meeting at Savannah State University's Student Center to celebrate their service to others last year and invigorate others to join in for 2014.
By: Jan Skutch on May 19, 2014 - 12:25pm - Add new comment
The Savannah Branch NAACP Mass General Membership Meeting at 4 p.m. on Sunday has been moved to St. John Baptist Church, 522 Hartridge St. between East Broad and Price streets.
The initial site was St. Philips Monumental AME Church, 1112 Jefferson St. at West Park Avenue.
By: Jan Skutch on May 16, 2014 - 11:03am - Add new comment
Members of the Alee Shrine Cabiri are using folks to contribute $5 a chicken dinner to show their gratitude and support for our local troops and their family for their sacrifices and services to our country.
Billy Phillips said shiners have dropped the price in an effort to provide more dinners for a scheduled May 30 trip to Hunter Army Airfield to deliver dinners to local service men and women and their families.
"Every $5 donated will equal one dinner for a soldier and his family," Phillips said.
By: Jan Skutch on May 9, 2014 - 3:00pm - Add new comment
Folks at Alee Temple want to provide chicken dinners for soldiers and their families at Hunter Army Airfield on May 30.
Billy Phillips, Alee's 2014 Chicken Dinner campaign chairman, said the goal is at least 1,500 dinners – but the more the merrier.
"This is a great way to show our appreciation for our soldiers and their families," Phillips said.
By: Jan Skutch on May 8, 2014 - 10:06am - Add new comment
The 22nd annual American Diabetes Association's Kiss-A-Pig fundraising campaign concludes at 9:30 p.m. Saturday at a gala at the Hyatt Regency Savannah.
The campaign, which started March 1, highlights diabetes awareness and fundraising among a number of teams of professionals from Chatham County, Statesboro/Bulloch County, Effingham County and Liberty County and the Savannah-Chatham public schools.