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La Salle Green Hills sued for damages in drowning case
MANILA, Philippines—La Salle Green Hills and one of its teachers have been sued by the parents of a boy who drowned during a swimming drill inside the school premises last year.
Ramon and Angela Galang are seeking P1.127 million in damages for the death of Simon Ivan Galang, then a freshman student of La Salle in Mandaluyong City.
According to the records of the case filed in the Manila Regional Trial Court last week, Simon's class had a kite-flying activity and an earthquake drill on Oct. 11, 2012, aside from regular classroom lectures.
In the afternoon, the class went to the swimming pool for a physical education class under Julius Abesamis. Some students who were tired from the earlier activities begged off from the drill, which required only two students at a time in the 3-foot-deep pool. Simon apparently did not beg off.
The petitioners claimed that "Abesamis failed to do his task of watching carefully the state of every student undergoing the swimming drill."
While in the pool, a classmate noticed that Simon was weak and tried to pull him out of the water. Another classmate helped them out as Simon went under water for a couple of times. They said Simon was still gasping for air at the time but their teacher was apparently not around.
Abesamis and a lifeguard on duty came when Simon was already out of the pool. They tried to revive the student but they were not able to do so, the petitioners said.
Simon was taken to Cardinal Santos Medical Center where doctors revived him. But since Simon was no longer breathing and had no pulse for quite some time, the doctor told his parents that he might suffer from multiple organ failure and be in a vegetative state.
On the 14th day at the hospital, Simon was pronounced dead. The parents "strongly believe that the death of their son could have been avoided had (Abesamis) exercised utmost care and prudence which was expected of him as the physical education teacher."
La Salle was also deemed responsible by the parents because the incident happened within the premises of the school and during school hours. The parents said the school helped them pay some of the hospital bills but they still shouldered the wake and burial expenses.
The parents are seeking indemnity for actual, exemplary and moral damages amounting to P1.127 million.
The Inquirer tried to get the side of La Salle Green Hills but according to Emmie Cabral, Ronda Indrie, the executive assistant to the school president Bro. Victor Franco who was authorized to speak on the matter, was "engaged as of the moment."
Over the phone, she quoted Indrie as saying the Inquirer should write a letter expressing its "intention" to Franco.
Told about the possibility of the story being run without the school's side, Cabral said: "Everything has to be approved."
When pressed about whether Abesamis was still connected with the school, Cabral stood her ground and said, "I've been told for you to write the letter." -With a report from Kristine Felisse Mangunay
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Factual errors? Contact the Philippine Daily Inquirer's day desk. Believe this article violates journalistic ethics? Contact the Inquirer's Reader's Advocate. Or write The Readers' Advocate:
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When I was planning my UC I read a ton of books and websites to gather information about possible complications during birth. I didn't take notes and now I'm trying to track down the information again for a little presentation to a college class about birth options. Can someone point me to some stats on the incidence of complication? I seem to recall it being 5% and the breakdown something like: 3% PPH, less than 1% shoulder dystocia, less than 1% prolapsed cord, less than 1% placenta previa, etc. I'm also interested in rates of infant resuscitation, etc.
Thank you!!!
Mama to Avalon 1/07 , Austin 1/10 in between and Avery 12/11
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Breaking Local News
State Police to Help Ronald McDonald House
An upcoming walk will support the Ronald McDonald House charities. The West Virginia State Police along with the Ronald McDonald House will team up to host the 1st Annual McTrooper 5K Run/Walk at 9 a.m. Oct. 12. The event will start and finish behind Charleston Area Medical Center, and you can register now for $25. Starting October 5th the price to register will go up five bucks. The McTrooper Run supports and promotes Ronald McDonald House's mission of providing a home away from home for families of seriously ill kids, and will help fund the construction of a new Ronald McDonald House in Charleston.
WV Capitol is Accepting Ornament Submissions
It's that time of year....West Virginia first lady Joanne Jaeger Tomblin is inviting artists from around the state to submit ornaments to be displayed on the holiday tree at the governor's mansion. Officials say submitted ornaments will be featured in the 2013 Artistree catalog, and participating artists will be invited to a special celebration. Ornaments must be received no later than Nov. 15. Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin says the ornaments are a reflection of the state's culture and history, and showcases the talent of artists from across West Virginia. The Artistree will be unveiled in conjunction with Joyful Night, the annual holiday celebration at the State Capitol complex on Dec. 3.
Hearing Set for Former Mingo County Commissioner
Former Mingo County Commissioner Dave Baisden will be in court next week. A federal judge has scheduled a guilty plea hearing for Tuesday as Baisden faces a federal extortion charge. Baisden is accused of demanding that Appalachian Tire sell him tires for his personal vehicle at a discounted price reserved for government vehicles. When the company refused, Baisden took away the county contract. US Attorney Booth Goodwin has said that cost Appalachian Tire "tens of thousands of dollars since 2009." After the hearing Tuesday, Baisden will face trial October 21st.
Lawmaker Calls for Review of Communications Audit
A West Virginia lawmaker wants federal, state and local prosecutors to review an audit of a statewide microwave communications network. A legislative audit released this week says a $38 million expansion of the network ignored state purchasing laws. Delegate Larry Kump wants to know whether a criminal investigation is warranted. The audit said the funding for the network expansion was part of a $126 million stimulus grant to bring the latest broadband and telecommunication gear to the state. The plan includes building 12 towers and refurbishing five others to fill a gap in the microwave communication system for law enforcement and other first responders.
Committee Fights Meth Problem
A committee has popped up to fight the meth problem in West Virginia, and the group met Wednesday to talk about how others around the country are tackling the problem. The West Virginia Intervention on Meth Committee also brainstormed possible solutions. There were more than 270 meth busts by police across the state in 2012.
Clay County Picks New Sheriff
Clay County has its new Sheriff. Former Sheriff Miles "Mike" Slack resigned last week before pleading guilty to a federal wiretapping charge. Clay County Commissioners this week appointed 60-year old Garrett Samples as the new sheriff, who will begin serving October 1. Samples was picked from 16 candidates, and all of those candidates had previous experience with the Clay County Sheriff's Department. Samples says no major changes are planned for the department.
Stolen Vehicle Recovered in Ohio
On Tuesday a vehicle was stolen from the Kroger at Crossing's Mall in Elkview while the 84-year old owner was paying for gas, and surveillence video revealed the suspect to be 21-year old Anthony Konopinski of Ohio. A warrant was issued for his arrest, and it was also discovered he's wanted in Ohio on several charges. The stolen vehilce was put in a national database, and turned up in a suburb of Cleveland Wednesday morning. Konopinksi was arrested there on several charges, and Cpl. BD Humphries tells us he'll be extradicted to West Virginia eventually.
MacCorkle Avenue to Get a Makeover
The Kanawha City Community Association has plans for to bring a new look to MacCorkle Avenue. It's a multi-million dollar project that will add trees, plants, street parking and other features that will invite visitors to stay, and give businesses there a boost. The community association will hold a public meeting tonight at 7 p.m. at Westminster Church in Kanawha City to talk about the plans.
Car Stolen From Kroger Parking Lot
Kanawha County Sheriff Deputies are investigating reports of a stolen vehicle from the Kroger at Crossing's Mall in Elkview. And 84-year old man who owns a 2001 Nissan Sentra says he had refueled his vehicle and went to finish his business at the fuel center cashier's window, and a white male in a red zip-up sweatshirt stole his vehicle. Surveillence video to the suspect, who was identified as 21-year old Anthony Konopinski of Ohio. A warrant was issued for his arrest, and it was also discovered he's wanted in Ohio on several charges. Anyone with information is asked to call the Kanawha County Sheriff's Office at 304-357-0169 or submit a tip at www.kanawhasheriff.us.
Rand Man Arrested While on Home Confinement
Home Confinement Officers with the Kanawha County Sheriff's office conducted a random home visit Monday and found drugs and cash. Cpl. BD Humphreys says Dario Martin of Rand was assigned home confinement while he awaits trial on charges of armed robbery and possession with intent to deliver controlled substances. On the home confinement visit, officers found a wrapped baggie containing what was tentatively identified as heroine and roxycodone, plus cash. Martin was arrested for possession with intent to deliver.


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A method and system for monitoring users on one or more computer networks, disassociating personally identifiable information from the collected data, and storing it in a database so that the privacy of the users is protected. The system receives a user identifier and uses it to creates an anonymized identifier, defined as a user identifier stripped of all personally identifiable information. The anonymized identifier is then associated with one or more users' computer network transactions. The data is stored by a collection engine and then aggregated to a central database server across a computer network.
1. A computer-implemented method for collecting network usage data about users accessing a network and resources thereon without associating personally identifiable information with the usage data, comprising:
obtaining an identifier at a network service provider representing a user of a computer network;
creating an anonymized identifier using the identifier obtained from the network service provider;
associating the anonymized identifier with the user;
identifying a network communication session between a host and the user;
identifying a network request collected by the network service provider, the network request comprising a resource location identifier, the network request being determined to be related to the network communication session;
stripping personally identifying data from the resource location identifier to create a modified resource location identifier, based on matching one or more patterns against the resource location identifier;
recording, in a database, data associating the anonymized identifier with a subset of data related to the network communication session, the subset of data comprising the modified resource location identifier.
2. The method of
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receiving packets at the network service provider sent by an authentication server; and
extracting the identifier at the network service provider from the received packets.
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22. A computing device configured to collect network usage data relating to users accessing a network and resources thereon without associating personally identifiable information with the usage data, comprising:
one or more network interfaces configured to receive network packets from an internet service provider, the network packets originating from a plurality of computer servers, the network packets comprising information descriptive of a use of a respective computer network; and
a processor configured to extract data from the network packets, aggregate the data from different networks for a session into second data that describes use of a plurality of computer networks during the session, and store the second data in a database;
the second data being associated in the database with an anonymized identifier associated with a user of the internet service provider, wherein the anonymized identifier comprises no personally identifying information of the user;
wherein the extracted data comprises a resource location identifier, and wherein the processor is further configured to strip personally identifying data from the resource location identifier prior to storing the second data in the database.
23. The computing device of
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/608,135, titled "Method and System for Monitoring Online Computer Network Behavior and Creating Online Behavior Profiles" (filed 30 Jun. 2000). The entire disclosure of the priority application is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
This invention relates to a system and method for collecting computer network traffic, particularly Internet traffic, in a manner that does not associate personally identifiable information with network usage data, and creating online behavior profiles that are unassociated with individual users. Specifically, the system and method of the invention will permit Internet Service Providers (ISP) and online merchants to monitor network usage and to create behavior profiles without violating customer confidentiality.
The Internet has rapidly grown into a center for conducting commerce with unprecedented efficiency and commercial advantage; however, the Internet also presents numerous new challenges to the development and execution of appropriate business models and processes. To design and implement effective marketing and business plans, companies need to gain a better understanding of the behavior and preferences of consumers while they are conducting Internet commerce.
In the current Internet world, it has become desirable for service providers and merchants to obtain specific information about Internet users for the purpose of improving the marketing of products and services, and tailoring products and services to meet the requirements of specific customer types. In order to obtain the most effective data describing Internet consumer behavior and preferences, it is desirable to aggregate usage data from companies that provide Internet access to their employees, and from ISPs that provide Internet access to subscribers.
However, the collection of Internet transaction data raises many concerns about consumer confidentiality and privacy. First, participating companies and ISPs desire to maintain the confidentiality of their business information such as the number of subscribers, the geographical locations of each subscriber, and general usage data.
Additionally, many users are averse to having their actions monitored and tracked. Security concerns about the Internet have prevented many users from completing online transactions. Other users have completely stayed away from the Internet because of fears that their private information might become available to third parties in an uncontrolled manner.
Therefore, it is desirable to obtain detailed information about the behavior of users while ensuring subscriber, employee, and company privacy.
Today, there are several major approaches to collecting Internet transaction data. The first is through traditional polling techniques. In this method, user behavior profiles are developed from users' answers to questionnaires regarding their Internet use. Unfortunately, this technique suffers from bias and fails to provide the detail that marketers need.
The next approach to collecting network transaction data is by using logfiles generated by network devices such as Web servers and proxies. Logfiles provide increased detail and accuracy compared to polling techniques; however, they fail to protect user privacy and confidentiality. Logfiles generally contain a username or an Internet Protocol (IP) address that can be used to tie behavior to a particular individual. Additionally, Web server logfiles alone are ineffective in characterizing user behavior because they only contain the cross-section Internet traffic going to that Web server; the Web server logfiles are unable to accurately capture the behavior of a consumer who accesses multiple Web sites to assist in making purchasing decisions.
The last general approach to collecting network transaction data involves the use of unique identifiers called "cookies" inserted into an Internet browser. When the user accesses a Web site on the Internet, the Web server can read the inserted cookie to obtain the unique identifier and then store details about the current transaction associated with the unique identifier. This method fails to capture Internet usage for users that have cookies disabled on their browsers and also fails to capture Internet usage on Web sites that do not participate in capturing and aggregating usage data. Since the captured data is not complete, any behavior profile created using the data cannot be representative of Internet usage in the aggregate.
Under current Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, companies may have to provide protection of customer proprietary network information. By monitoring and recording detailed network information about individuals using logfiles or cookies, companies may be in violation of these FCC regulations. To date, there has been no effective way of obtaining online customer behavior profiles to allow service providers and merchants to tailor products and services better without possibly violating government regulations.
It becomes desirable, therefore, to provide a method and system where such information can be obtained while still maintaining the confidentiality of the customer (e.g., by characterizing such data in a manner free of personally identifiable information).
In accordance with the invention, a method is provided for collecting network usage data and creating user behavior profiles therefrom. The method includes obtaining an identifier representing one or more users of a computer network, creating an anonymized identifier (AID)—defined as an identifier stripped of all personally identifiable information—using the obtained identifier, and collecting data being transmitted across the computer network. If the collected data is sent to or from a user with an anonymized identifier, a transaction record is created associating the anonymized identifier with the collected data. The record is then stored in a database.
In additional embodiments of the present invention, individual users connect using any other access media available. For example, users may connect to an ISP or intranet using broadband technology such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable modems, fiber optic networks, satellite networks, or wireless networks.
In a yet still further aspect of the invention, each user's identifier is converted to an anonymized identifier using an encryption technique such as a one-way hashing function. In more specific embodiments, the one-way hashing function is one of the following: Secure Hashing Algorithm 1 (SHA-1), Message Digest 4 (MD4), Message Digest 5 (MD5), or the Digital Encryption Standard (DES), User profiles are then created using the anonymized identifier for each user.
In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, collected network transaction data is matched to a particular user by monitoring packets to and from an authentication server such as a RADIUS server. Also, in a more specific embodiment of the present invention, anonymized identifiers are classified according to job function, access media, geographical location, or phone number of the user.
Also, in accordance with the present invention, a system is provided for collecting network usage data without associating personally identifiable information with such data. The system includes a communication port coupled to a computer network, where the communication port provides access to one or more servers; one or more processors; and a computer memory. The computer memory contains instructions to identify a user of a computer network; create an anonymized identifier representing the identified user; and store network transaction data associated with an anonymized identifier.
Having thus briefly described the invention, the same will become better understood from the following detailed discussion, taken in conjunction with the drawings when:
The first embodiment of the present invention provides a system and method for collecting network transaction data without associating personally identifiable information with such data. According to this embodiment, users 101 log on to an ISP 102 in the conventional manner in order to access the Internet 104 as shown in
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a collection engine 103 is coupled to the ISP 102 in such a manner that the collection engine 103 can monitor packets sent between users 101 and the Internet 104. The collection engine 103 is a passive device that monitors network traffic, collecting data about network transactions and recording them in a database.
In order for the collection engine 103 to create online behavioral profiles that are unassociated with individual users, the present invention uses an anonymized identifier to represent an individual user. In this embodiment of the present invention, the anonymized identifier is preferably obtained from the username of the individual user. If usernames are unavailable, the system can use any other unique identifier (e.g., MAC address, Internet Protocol (IP) address, or wireless Mobile Subscriber ISDN (MSISDN) identifier). To maintain user anonymity, it is imperative that the original username cannot be obtained from the anonymized identifier. The present embodiment applies a one-way hashing function to the login usernames. One-way hashing functions, such as Message Digest 4 (MD4), Message Digest 5 (MD5), Secure Hashing Algorithm 1 (SHA-1), etc., are commonly used in cryptography applications including digital signatures.
When a user logged on to an ISP accesses a Web page located on a server 105, the user's workstation 101 opens a network interaction to the desired server 105 using the Internet Protocol. The network packets sent between workstation 101 and server 105 contain the network address of both devices; however, the packets do not contain a username. Thus, the collection engine 103 needs to associate a unique identifier 203 with a network IP address to record the transaction without associating any personally identifiable information with such data.
In order to create the unique identifier 203 and associate it with an IP address, the collection engine 103 needs to obtain a username. In one embodiment of the present invention, the collection engine 103 monitors the network for packets containing authentication information that associate a username with an IP address. For example, if the ISP 102 is using RADIUS to authenticate users, then the RADIUS server 107 sends an authentication packet containing a username associated with an IP address whenever a user successfully logs on to the network.
In alternative embodiments of the present invention, other authentication mechanisms may be used. In most cases, the user identifier and IP address are sent across the network unencrypted and can be obtained by the collection engine 103; however, some authentication mechanisms may use encryption or may not be sent across the network. In some instances, the access server is configured to suggest an IP address to the RADIUS server 107; if the address is not taken, the RADIUS server 107 sends back a packet allowing the assignment. In these cases, one of ordinary skill in the art using conventional software development techniques can develop software to obtain the user identifier/IP address correlation. Some other methods that are commonly used to assign IP addresses to users are Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Bootp.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a collection engine 103 is an Intel™-based computer running Linux™. In order to maintain a high degree of security, the operating system is hardened using conventional techniques. For example, the "inetd" daemon and other unnecessary daemons are disabled to limit the possibility that an unauthorized user could gain access to the system. The collection engine 103 also includes one or more network interface cards (NIC) that allow the operating system to send and receive information across a computer network.
In some embodiments of the present invention, Internet network traffic and authentication network traffic may be sent across different networks. In this case, the collection engine 103 can use multiple NICs to monitor packets sent across the different networks. Additionally, a site may wish to monitor user activity on multiple networks. The collection engine 103 can monitor as many sites as the situation demands and the hardware supports.
Using the network and hardware configuration discussed above, we now turn to the software implementation of the collection engine 103. In accordance with the present invention, application software is installed that has been developed in a manner that is conventional and well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art, at the POP location within an ISP.
The software includes a process that monitors packets sent across the device's network interfaces as shown in
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collection engine 103 is aware of several standard protocols including HTTP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), RealAudio™, RealVideo™, and Windows Media™. When network interactions are made using one of these protocols, the collection engine 103 can collect additional information such as the name of the files requested.
One embodiment of the present invention also provides additional capabilities to track user sessions. For example, when a user is browsing a Web site, the user makes a series of separate requests to a Web server. In fact, a user may make several separate requests to a Web server in order to show a single Web page. When analyzing the behavior of a user to create a profile, it is useful to think of the related requests in terms of a single session instead of as multiple sessions. For example, when a user requests a Web page, the text of that Web page is downloaded along with each image referenced by that page. The user may then browse multiple pages within that Web site.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the collection engine 103 records the beginning of an interaction in a datastore when an initial HTTP network connection is opened. The system also records the time when that interaction was opened. Additional HTTP requests are determined to be within the same interaction until the interaction ends. In one embodiment of the present invention, interactions end after an inactivity period. In an additional embodiment of the present invention, interactions remain active for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections until the connection is closed using TCP flow control mechanisms.
Once data has been collected by a collection engine 103, the data can be aggregated with data collected by other collection engines. For example, an ISP may have multiple POPs and may use a collection engine to collect data at each one. The resulting data can then be aggregated by a central aggregation server 501.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an aggregation server 501 is connected to the Internet 104 through a conventional mechanism. Additionally, one or more collection engines 103 are connected to the Internet 104. The aggregation server 501 can access each of the collection engines 103 to configure and maintain them, as well as to receive network transaction data. As discussed above, efforts are taken to maintain the security of each collection engine. For this reason, a secure mechanism for logging on to collection engines 103 and a secure mechanism to retrieve data are desirable. One embodiment of the present invention uses the Secure Shell (SSH) to provide strong authentication. This helps prevent unauthorized access to the server. SSH also provides a mechanism for encrypting the datastreams between collection engines 103 and an aggregation server 501. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many additional forms of secure login can be used, including one-time password systems and Kerberos™.
As stated above, the aggregation server 501 performs two major tasks: (1) configuration and management of collection engines 103; and (2) aggregating data from collection engines 103.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the aggregation server 501 monitors each collection engine 103 using a protocol based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Every five minutes, a collection engine 103 sends a UDP packet to the aggregation server 501 signifying that the collection engine 103 is still alive. Additionally, the UDP packet also specifies the amount of data collected and the number of users currently using the system. In this manner, the aggregation server 501 can be alerted when a collection engine 103 crashes, loses its network connection, or stops collecting data. This permits the effective management of the collection engines 103 from a central aggregation server 501.
In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the collection engines 103 implement a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Information Base (MIB). The MIB includes information such as the time the collection server has been active, the amount of data stored on the server, and the number of active users and network sessions.
The aggregation server 501 also performs the additional task of collecting and aggregating data from the various collection engines 103. In one embodiment of the present invention, the data is collected at least once per day by the aggregation server 501 through a secure SSH connection as discussed above. The data is then initially validated so that corrupt packet information is removed and the data is sorted to facilitate loading into the central datastore.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the collection engines do not have enough storage to permit one collection every 24 hours. In these cases, the aggregation server can collect data from the collection engine more often than every 24 hours. In one embodiment of the present invention, the UDP-based management protocol discussed above can be used to determine when a collection needs to be scheduled. In addition to the information discussed above, the UDP-based management protocol also includes the percentage of collection storage that has been used. A threshold can be set to initiate a collection. For example, if a collection engine 103 sends a UDP-based management protocol packet stating that it has used 70% of its storage capacity, then the aggregation server can initiate the process of aggregating the data from that collection engine as discussed above.
In one embodiment of the present invention, aggregation server 501 is a Sun Microsystems Enterprise 6500™ server with sixteen (16) Sparc Ultra II™ processors and four (4) Fiber Channel connections to an EMC™ disk array. The aggregation server 501 includes an Oracle™ database that is configured to store data retrieved from the various collection engines 103.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the aggregation server 501 stores the following information that is retrieved from the various collection engines 103: (1) ISP, a representation of an ISP that collects data; (2) POP, a representation for a particular point of presence within an ISP; (3) AID, an anonymized user identifier; (4) Start Date, the date and time that an interaction began; (5) End Date, the date and time that an interaction ended; (6) Remote IP, the IP address of remote host (e.g., the IP address of a Web server being accessed by a user); (7) Remote Port, the port of the remote computer that is being accessed; (8) Packets To, the total number of packets sent during the interaction; (9) Bytes To, the total number of bytes sent to the remote server during an interaction; (10) Packets From, the total number of packets received from the remote computer; (11) Bytes From, the total number of bytes received from the remote computer; and (12) IP Protocol, the protocol code used during the interaction. For example,
Protocols such as HTTP and FTP contain additional information that can be useful in describing user behavior. One embodiment of the present invention collects additional information for these protocols. For example,
The various embodiments of the present invention discussed above maintain the anonymity of the user by creating and using an anonymized identifier; however, the URL used in an HTTP request may contain identifying data. One embodiment of the present invention attempts to strip identifying data from URLs before storing them. According to this embodiment the system searches for the following words within a URL: "SID", "username", "login", and "password". If these are found, the system strips the associated identifying information. For example, if the URL were "/cgibin/shop.exe/?username=bob", then the system would strip "bob" from the URL so that this identifying information would not be stored in the aggregated database.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the aggregation server includes database-associating anonymized identifiers with a classification. For example, in one embodiment, the classification is the physical location of the user. This information is determined using the billing address of the user. There are commercial applications available that will translate a well-formed address into a Census block group code identifying the general location of that address.
In another embodiment, user classification is based on the phone number that the user dials from as transmitted using the Automatic Number Identifier (ANI) information transmitted through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), the same information used to provide the Caller ID™ service. Since the area code and exchanges of telephone numbers generally relate to a geographical area, this can be used to help identify the locality of users. For example, if ANI transmits the number 202-936-1212, the area code "202" and the exchange "936" can be used to determine the general location of the user.
In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the aggregation server 501 functionality is spread over multiple servers to increase the performance and scalability of the system as shown in
Access server 802 is a single, secure server that gives the ability to log on to remote collection engines 103 using SSH, or some other secure mechanism, as described above. Access server 802 is the only machine that needs to have the keys necessary to securely log on to remote machines. By segregating this functionality to a single server or to a small number of servers, it is easier to monitor, configure, and maintain the access server 802 for increased security.
The access server 802 logs onto remote collection engines 103 and transfers the collected data to one load server 803. Each load server 803 receives collected data, processes the data, and loads it into database server 801. The present invention can be embodied with one or more load servers 803. If a plurality of load servers 803 are used, any load balancing techniques can be used to distribute load across the multiple load servers 803. For example, the access server 802 can use a simple round robin technique whereby the access server 802 rotates through a list of available load servers. The access server 802 can also use a technique whereby the central processing unit load is measured for each load server 803. The server with the lowest load is given the collection to process. Other load balancing techniques are known to those of skill in the art and any such technique could be used with the present invention.
In another embodiment of the present invention, anonymized identifiers are associated with job functions. For example, a company may wish to monitor how classes of employees are using computer network resources. An anonymized identifier representing a single employee can be associated with a job function classification so that network utilization by employees with the same job function classification can be aggregated. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other classification systems can be used with the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention have now been generally described in a non-limiting matter. It will be appreciated that these examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, which is defined by the following claims. Many variations and modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
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ARCADIA, Calif. (AP) - Favorite Groupie Doll got a second wind in the stretch to hold off Judy The Beauty by a half-length and win the $1 million Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint for the second straight year.
The 5-year-old mare is being sold, making it likely her last race for trainer and part-owner William Bradley
Groupie Doll paid $8, $4.60 and $3.40. Judy The Beauty, ridden by replacement Luis Saez after John Velasquez was thrown from his mount and hospitalized earlier Saturday, paid $9.20 and $5.40.
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Privatization, Drought, and Fire Exclusion in the Tuul River Watershed, Mongolia
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Global wildfire frequency and extent are expected to increase under projected climate change in the twenty-first century, yet little is known about how human activities might affect this trend. In central Mongolia, there has been a 2.5°C rise in spring and summer temperatures during the last 40 years and a decrease in moisture availability during the latter half of the twentieth century. Concurrently, Mongolia has experienced multiple shifts in socioeconomic systems during the twentieth century, most notably the establishment of a Soviet-backed communist economy in the 1920s and a rapid transition to privatization in the 1990s. Observed records of fire in the late twentieth century suggested that fire activity had increased, but no long-term data existed to place these trends in a historical context. Our objective was to identify spatial and temporal patterns in fire occurrence in the forest-steppe ecotone of the Tuul River watershed in the context of changing climatic and social conditions since 1875. We used fire-scarred trees to reconstruct past fire occurrence during the period 1875–2009. Our results indicate a significant association between human activity and fire occurrence independent of climatic variables. The greatest evidence for an anthropogenic fire regime exists following the transition to a free market economy during the early 1990s when land-use intensification near the capital city of Ulaanbaatar resulted in fire exclusion. We emphasize the importance of including socio-political variables in global models of wildfire potential, particularly where fuels limit fire activity.
Author Contributions
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- Title
- Privatization, Drought, and Fire Exclusion in the Tuul River Watershed, Mongolia
- Journal
Volume 16, Issue 6 , pp 1139-1151
- Cover Date
- 2013-09-01
- 10.1007/s10021-013-9673-0
- Print ISSN
- 1432-9840
- Online ISSN
- 1435-0629
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Mongolia
- wildfire
- drought
- dendrochronology
- land use
- privatization
- Authors
- Thomas Saladyga (1)
- Amy Hessl (2)
- Baatarbileg Nachin (3)
- Neil Pederson (4)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Geography, Concord University, P.O. Box 1000, Athens, West Virginia, 24712-1000, USA
- 2. Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6300, USA
- 3. Department of Forest Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- 4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, P.O. Box 1000, Palisades, New York, 10964-8000, USA


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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Yesterday while waiting for a game to start, I pinged my build and asked the rest of the PUG to do likewise. Then, this one person said "don't ping bars". I whispered him "why" and that nasty little puke said "if you play ab you would know why......lol".
When I asked him to elaborate he said "ab is about skill not skill temp.....gg" which I can only assume means that "it's how you play your bar, not what skill template you play". He would not explain any more after that; I can only assume that using "gg" in conversation is the retarded child's way of saying "I am finished with this argument which I believe I have won. Good day to you."
At any rate, this is not the first time that I've encountered that attitude. Can someone out there please explain why some people feel the need to hide their skill bars from their team mates?


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Servania banners Pinoy Pride XXIV
MANILA, Philippines — Rising stars Genesis Servania and Arthur Villanueva hope to bolster their dream of becoming world champions on March 1 when they headline Pinoy Pride XXIV at Solaire Resort & Casino in Parañaque City.
The unbeaten Servania (23-0, 9 knockouts) will tackle former World Boxing Association super flyweight champion Alexander "El Explosivo" Munoz of Venezuela in his bid to improve on his World Boxing Organization No. 3 ranking.
Villanueva, also unscathed in 24 fights with 14 KOs, was supposed to face Juan Hernandez in a 12-round bout, but unfortunately, his Mexican foe figured in a motorcycle incident in his country just the other day.
ALA Promotions vice president Dennis Canete said the Cebu-based outfit is now trying to find a worthy substitute who's available on short notice.
"A Japanese opponent would be an option. At least the country is near the Philippines," Canete told sportswriters on Thursday.
The 22-year-old Servania said he's ready to rumble against the hard-hitting Munoz (36-5, 28 KOs).
"I'm ready (for the highly regarded Munoz)," said Servania, who hails from Bacolod like Villanueva. "We'll just see each other in the ring."
Though his preparations for Hernandez went for naught, Villanueva, ranked No. 3 super flyweight by the WBO, is hardly unfazed.
"I'm ready to adjust when fight time comes." Roy Luarca
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The American Library Association (ALA) had its annual conference this past weekend in Las Vegas. More than 18,000 librarians from across the United States and several foreign countries gathered for learning, networking, and seeing the latest and greatest from all types of vendors. Here are some of the things that I learned while at the… Read more
Summer is in full swing. Family reunions and vacations. Discovering old cemeteries. Getting photos taken for those family Christmas cards. There is a lot going on around here at Ancestry.com, too. We hope you'll make some time in your schedule to join us for some of our upcoming webinars and events. Webinars: What's New at… Read more
High school and college graduations. Weddings. Family vacations and reunions. June is a busy month for everyone. There is a lot going on around here at Ancestry.com, too. We hope you'll make some time in your schedule to join us for some of our upcoming webinars and events. Webinars: What's New at Ancestry.com: June 2014… Read more


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Janet Babin, Economic Development Reporter, WNYC News
Janet Babin is a reporter at WNYC covering economic development.
Stuyvesant Town-Peter Cooper Village tenants, along with a slew of elected officials and affordable housing advocates, are rallying in front of City Hall on Friday to demand protection for thousands of affordable housing apartments if the massive complex is sold.
"We've seen property change hands once, and it was a very big mess for tenants," said City Council member Dan Garodnick, who lives in the complex.
The approximately 11,000 unit complex sold in 2006 to Tishman Speyer and Blackrock for $5.4 billion. "The owner took out so much debt, that the business plan was designed to raise rents as fast as possible. How? By getting rent-stabilized tenants out," said Garodnick.
But the owners defaulted when the market crashed.
But another new owner, CWCapital Asset Management, which managed the debt, took title to the property last week. At first, it announced it would foreclose on the debt, which would have allowed the property to be resold, perhaps at a frantic pace. Which means the affordable housing would have been at risk.
But the city worked hard to avoid that scenario, said Deputy Mayor Alicia Glen.
She also worried that the foreclosure process wouldn't seem transparent.
The de Blasio Administration has a goal to create or preserve 200,000 units of affordable housing over the next decade. So it's important to the city to save the approximately 6,000 affordable units left at the complex.
One route to that end game would be to structure a deal that would allow the owner to receive, in this case, a tax exemption for the sections of the property subject to affordable housing restrictions; in return, the owner would be required to keep those units restricted and affordable for about 40 years.
But the deal could take longer than the city hopes.
"To think this is going to happen next week or the week after is pretty aggressive," said Manus Clancy of real estate data and analytics firm Trepp LLC. He expects a new buyer won't emerge until the end of this year or the beginning of 2015.
First of all neither rent control or stabilization is subsidized. If anything rent is being subsidized, it's mostly public housing. Many of those living in Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village will have no other places to live considering their income, and places with rents like this are all they can get. Also, it will be very convenient to have them live close to their work so that they won't have to make such long commutes, and I know that many of you who are higher up won't be the ones taking low level jobs. The real reason why the rents can't be raised is mainly because whoever owns this can either do this or get a tax break, but they can't have it both ways, so Tishman Spreyer goes with the tax breaks. Not every space in Manhattan has to be a playground for the rich. I just don't see what's wrong with diversity of incomes living there, but I guess to some, it really is an issue to them.
I take issue with the headline calling ST rent-stabilized apartments "cheap." We've lived here 30 years and over that time our rent has tripled into the thousands. Our rent would get us a good-sized house almost anywhere else in America.
Those so called "affordable units" have been off the market for decades.
As anyone who had attempted to get an apartment in the complex can attest.
Why should we use Public Money to prop up a selected group of entrenched people?
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Johnathan · 3 months ago
You talk about vesicles and vacuoles as if they are separate things. A Vesicle is just a phospholipid bilayer sac containing fluid. A Vacuole is a specific type of vesicle specialised mainly for storage. In this context, 'Vesicle' is just used as a general term for other types of vesicles such as Transport Vesicles and Secretory Vesicles. So it would be acceptable to use 'vesicle' to describe the other types of vesicles in cells, but it's useful to know that it's just an umbrella term for most forms with similar roles of transport within and in and out of the cell as opposed to mainly storage.


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"This book is an entertaining collection of facts, opinions and anecdotes which are guaranteed to serve as conversation starters among NASCAR fans. …a fun book which is easy to pick up and read from any point. The facts are interesting, the opinions are arguable and the various stories about the personalities involved in NASCAR keep the book lighthearted from beginning to end."


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BackgroundStrap yourself in for the most intense and lifelike rally racing you've ever experienced. Introducing V-Rally 3 — the next evolution in the leading rally racing franchise that has sold over 5 million copies worldwide.
GameplayV Rally 3 brings all the realistic burn-rubber rally fun into the comfort of your own home. PC gamers will now have the chance to play with new added gameplay features and graphical tweaks, which make V Rally 3 PC, stand out as the king of the rally genre. Featuring some of the best rally cars in the world, you'll burn across fantastic hand-made tracks through treacherous weather conditions and obstacles to gain the rally crown.
- Race the world's top rally cars — Subaru Impreza, Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 7, Citroen Xsara, Ford Focus and more.
- Fight your way through the most extreme driving conditions in six different, real-world locations.
- Experience intensely real racing powered by an advanced new physics model and collision engine.
- Gasp at incredibly lifelike cars created with over 15,000 polygons.
- Enjoy hours of varied gameplay featuring single and multiplayer versions of Time Attack and Challenge modes.
- Live the life of a professional rally driver in the all-new V-Rally mode; strategize your career as you race your way to the top
Hardware Requirements8MB Playstation 2 Memory Card required.
2000KB minimum space needed to save.
Analog Control Compatible.
Vibration Function Compatible.
Official URLOfficial Site
Recent threads
- 2.0 cars Oct 31
abbyrust and 2 others own V-Rally 3
solidfranz played V-Rally 3
choochoomanadded a cheat
Aug 03, 03 5:13am
choochoomanadded 4 cheats
Jun 18, 03 10:00pm
swiftsharkadded 4 cheats
Dec 23, 02 9:15am
Aug 07, 02 12:01pm
Near Perfect
V-Rally 3 is the third installment of the V Rally Series.
The very noticable thing...
Guestadded 10 new screenshots
Jun 26, 02 10:30pm
- Genre: Auto Racing (PS2)
- Theme(s): Lifestyle
- Perspective(s): Isometric
- Developer: Eden Studios
- Publisher: Infogrames
Released North America Jun 21, 2002
- Player Info:
- Offline Multi-player (4)


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Stained Glass Degree and Training Program Information
Get information about degree and training programs for students who want to learn to make stained glass. See examples of course topics and view career options for graduates. Check the employment outlook and salary statistics for those in related professions.
Essential Information
While there are no degree programs available specifically in stained glass, some community colleges offer classes in stained glass as part of fine arts associate's degree programs. Students learn the fundamentals of stained and leaded glass design in hands-on environments. They might also gain proficiency in restoring stained glass creations.
Other training options are available at a range of skill levels from private facilities or through the continuing education departments of community colleges. Students may participate in the workshops offered by these facilities, wherein they learn glass fusing techniques as well as dis-assembly methods. Apprenticeship programs in stained glass may also be available, which could last up to four years. Apprentices may also need to be simultaneously enrolled in a formal education program.
Associate's Degree in Fine Arts
Stained glass classes can be found in different types of associate's degree programs. Some are in fine arts while others are a part of historic preservation programs. While the degree programs lead students down different career paths, classes at associate's levels all teach the basics in the art of creating stained glass. Community colleges offer the majority of these classes. Applicants to these associate's degree programs must have a high school diploma or equivalent.
Program Coursework
Classes in fine arts programs include hands-on instruction and projects, while those found in restoration programs tend to be lecture-based. Not all courses are for credit. Subjects covered include:
- American stained glass history
- Stained glass design
- Technology of stained glass
- Leaded stained glass
- Stained glass restoration techniques
Popular Career Options
Graduates of a stained glass education program have a wide variety of career options. With further education or specialization training, students may go on to become:
- Art teachers
- Custom art window designers
- Stained glass window restorers
Training in Stained Glass
Many commercial stained glass studios offer non-credit classes. Depending on the studio, classes are offered as single and multiple day workshops or as programs lasting several weeks. Classes are available for skill levels ranging from introductory to intermediate. Some of the studios teach specialized subjects, such as frit layering, large copper foil projects, kaleidoscopes, glass fusing and Tiffany glass art.
There are also apprenticeship programs available for hands-on training in stained glass art. Program durations run from one month to four years. Most programs take place in professional studios, but some are available through specialized art training facilities. Some of the programs require the student to be currently enrolled in school and offer educational credit for work. There are also international study apprenticeships available that encourage English speaking students to apply.
Program Coursework
Training programs are available at all skill levels and some programs tailor studies to coincide with a student's specific interests. Some of the training includes work in:
- Modern and ancient techniques
- Enamels, grisaille and matting
- Studies in architectural stained glass
- Making replacement glass for restorations
- Dis-assembly and reinsertion of panels
- Historic data and image recording
- Business management for artisans
Employment Outlook and Salary Info
Although there is no specific data available for stained glass artisans or restorers, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) offers information for craft artists in general (www.bls.gov). This agency predicted a 3% increase in employment opportunities for craft artists between 2012 and 2022, which is notably slower than the national average of 11% for all job sectors. For salaried craft artists, the BLS reported an average wage of $36,600, as of May 2013. Most craft artists work independently so actual figures may be slightly different.
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The BlackBerry Curve 9310 is still the same ho-hum handset you can expect from RIM, but for a $50 BlackBerry (with contract), it's reliable and makes texting a breeze.
Whether you're more the practical type that just wants standard messaging features or someone who loves spicing up your conversations with something extra, this collection has the app for you.
The RIM BlackBerry Pearl 3G is a great little global smartphone if you can deal with the unusual keyboard.
This Android-powered smartwatch is meant for exercise enthusiasts and sports a 1.63-inch OLED display and has built-in cellular connectivity.
Despite its entry-level status, the RIM BlackBerry Curve 3G 9330 is a decent smartphone for the price.
Pricing not available
Though we're disappointed that the RIM BlackBerry Curve 3G didn't have more improvements over its predecessor, it's still a decent upgrade with the addition of 3G and GPS. Plus, it's quite affordable for an entry-level smartphone.
Pricing not available
New smartphones come in a bit larger and smaller than the company's flagship G4.
The third-generation Kindle's winning combination of noteworthy upgrades--an improved screen, better battery life, lighter weight, and lower price--vaults it to the top of the e-book reader category.
The company, which already offers free mobile phone service via Wi-Fi networks, is trying to make a name for itself with the introduction of a $99 Android handset.
Samsung's declining first-quarter financial results contrast sharply with those of Apple, but the drop in operating profit isn't as bad as it has been.


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For months, construction at the Santa Clarita Public Library Valencia branch has been clearly visible to commuters and pedestrians alike on Valencia Boulevard.
Don't miss a thing. Get breaking Santa Clarita news alerts delivered right to your inbox.
But the project is soon to be completed, culminating with a ribbon-cutting on Thursday at 10 a.m.
There will be 27 new parking spaces added to the Valencia Library parking lot to help ease congestion.
City staff are also updating the space with new lighting, landscaping and irrigation.
On Tuesday, the City Council will discuss a public art installation for the renovated parking lot, in addition to its $15,000 budget.
Related Santa Clarita Looks At Several Projects OK'd By Arts Commission
It was selected by the Santa Clarita Arts Commission on Oct. 10 to be placed next to the Valencia Blvd. entrance.
"Imag_ne" uses large Scrabble-like letter tiles to spell the word "imagine," but with the second "i" missing. Library patrons can stand in for the "i", as a photo opportunity.
Though the new parking lot opens on Thursday, the art piece will be installed in a couple of months, according to City Spokeswoman Gail Ortiz.
"This expansion is a great example of the City's ongoing commitment to maintaining and enhancing our existing infrastructure to meet the growing needs of the community," said Mayor Bob Kellar. "We know the Valencia Library parking lot is heavily used, as the branch and other facilities in the area attract thousands each week, so the additional spaces will enhance accessibility conditions for residents and visitors."
The Valencia Library Parking Lot Expansion project is part of the city of Santa Clarita's ongoing commitment to balance new projects with improvement projects at existing facilities to support a high quality of life for residents and visitors, according to a city press release.
For more information on the Valencia Library Parking Lot Expansion project or the ribbon cutting on Thursday, contact Gail Ortiz at 661-255-4314 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Do you have a news tip? Call us at (661) 298-1220, or drop us a line at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Source: Santa Clarita News


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Management Fee Evaluation
Class D shares
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Funds that invest in bonds have the same interest rate, inflation, and credit risks that are associated with the underlying bonds owned by the fund. Unlike owning individual bonds, there are ongoing fees and expenses associated with owning shares of bond funds. The return of principal is not guaranteed due to net asset value fluctuation that is caused by changes in the price of specific bonds held in the fund and selling of bonds within the fund by the portfolio manager(s).
Holdings are subject to change without notice.
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Exit this survey
Motley Crue Set List
1. Pick Motley Crue's Setlist!
It's your chance to pick Motley Crue's setlist for this summer's tour. Just pick 15 songs you wanna hear, and then check out the Crue all summer long. Go to www.motley.com for more tour information.
. What's your ideal Crue setlist?
What's your ideal Crue setlist?
Live Wire
Come On And Dance
Public Enemy #1
Take Me To The Top
Piece Of Your Action
Starry Eyes
Too Fast For Love
On With The Show
In the Beginning
Shout at the Devil
Looks That Kill
God Bless the Children of the Beast
Primal Scream
Helter Skelter
Red Hot
Too Young to Fall in Love
Knock 'Em Dead, Kid
Ten Seconds to Love
City Boy Blues
Smokin' in the Boys Room
Louder Than Hell
Keep Your Eye on the Money
Home Sweet Home
Tonight (We Need a Lover)
Use It or Lose It
Save Our Souls
Raise Your Hands to Rock
Fight for Your Rights
Wild Side
Girls, Girls, Girls
Dancing on Glass
Bad Boy Boogie
Five Years Dead
All in the Name of...
Sumthin' for Nuthin'
You're All I Need
Jailhouse Rock
T.nT. (Terror 'n Tinseltown)
Dr. Feelgood
Slice of Your Pie
Rattlesnake Shake
Kickstart My Heart
Without You
Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.)
Sticky Sweet
She Goes Down
Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)
Time for Change
Find Myself
Generation Swine
Anybody Out There?
Let Us Prey
A Rat Like Me
Shout at the Devil '97
Hell on High Heels
Treat Me Like the Dog I Am
New Tattoo
Dragstrip Superstar
1st Band on the Moon
She Needs Rock & Roll
Punched in the Teeth by Love
Hollywood Ending
Porno Star
White Punks on Dope
Face Down in the Dirt
What's It Gonna Take
Down at the Whiskey
Saints of Los Angeles
Mutherfucker of the Year
The Animal in Me
Welcome to the Machine
Just Another Psycho
Chicks = Trouble
This Ain't a Love Song
White Trash Circus
Goin' out Swingin
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★ "Aichi Nihongo no Kai" Mondays 10:00 – 11:30 at Aichi-Kankokujin-Kaikan 4F North Meeting Room – near Kamejima Station exit 4. Introductory, beginner, & intermediate courses available. 2,600 Yen in total for all 13 lessons. Term: Apr. 13 to Jul. 13, 2015 (May 5 no class) Join any time. Call Keiko 090-9173-8136 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
★ "A-KA-SA-TA-NA" Japanese Conversation Class – Thursdays from 10:30 to 12:00 at the Aichi International Plaza; 2 blocks west of Shiyakusho Station exit 5. Classes Apr. 16 to Jul. 9. 2,600 Yen for 13 lessons. Can join anytime. Email: email@example.com. Call Noro at 052-711-5078 or Sato at 0566-82-0047.
★ "Kotoba-no-kai" – for non-native speakers of Japanese on Wednesdays & Fridays (intermediate level and up) from 10:00-11:30 @ E-ABLE Nagoya (previously Nagoya-shi Josei Kaikan); A 3 minute walk from Higashi Betsuin Station Exit 1 on the Meijo Subway Line. 1500 Yen for 15 classes. Call Sachiko at 052-805-8134.
★ Kurokawa Japanese Language Class – April to September Course. Fee 5,000 Yen for 20 lessons 6:30PM to 8:15PM every Thursday. The Kita Ward office 6F(Nagoya City). An 8-minute walk from KUROKAWA Subway Station, exit 1 Inquiry→ Website: http://kurokawa.digi2.jp/ E-mail: email@example.com
★ Helping Hands and Hearts Japan Japanese Language classes - Every day (Time is negotiable from 9AM to 9PM), All levels, Private lessons, 3,800 Yen per 8 classes (1 class is 60 min). Place: Will Aichi or Nadya Park or Nagoya International Center. Other locations are negotiable. Native Japanese helps you to learn Japanese language. Join anytime! Call: 080-3287-7982 (Softbank); email: email@example.com.
★ Iroha Nihongo-no-Kai offers Japanese lessons on Thursdays, 10:30-12:00 at the Nadya park, 6F NPO Center. Located opposite Yaba Park Exit 6 at Yaba-cho Subway Station. Next term: Apr. 2 to Jul. 16 for 2250 Yen per term (total 15 lessons). Join any time! Call Sionoya: 090-6595-1578, O'Brien 052-851-3436 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
★ JELA Language Exchange Group – Enjoy your conversation and learning Japanese! Every second Thursday from 18:30 to 20:40 at Meikin-Seikyo Motoyama 3F near Motoyama Station exit 4. Trial: 200 Yen. 1 year pass: 500 Yen. Email: email@example.com Website: http://japaneseenglishlaen.blogspot.jp/
To learn more about the Nagoya International Center,
please watch our video.


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Pac Calls KO "Lucky Punch"
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P4P King
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Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: Dallas,Texas.
Posts: 17,400
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Re: Pac Calls KO "Lucky Punch"
Originally Posted by
Good post but Manny will walk into that shot again if they ever fight one another again. He has a habit of walking in like that. He did it all night and Marquez was getting closer and closer with that shot and actually popped Manny good in the 5th with it.
well it is possible. I think Manny should avoid JMM, but he should have avoided him before the 4th fight. He had an advantage in the fights and JMM never officially won previous to this fight. Now with that knockout if they never fight again, JMM sort of wiped the 3 previous fights away. That knockout was so amazing that it overshadows the other fights, so Manny might think he has to redeem himself. I don't think he has to and the risk is big. If he gets stopped in a 5th fight Marquez dominated. Manny should fight someone else and eventually maybe the other fights will merge in and this last fight will just be one of them. The only thing which could make what happened with JMM even is if Manny can stop JMM. He might, but he risks being stopped again. It takes a warrior to take that chance. Not many guys will fight the guy who stopped them with one punch. That is guts.
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Chevron has revised the total volume of diesel that the company recovered from a pipeline leak in Utah, a spokesman said. Chevron earlier said it collected 500 barrels of diesel but has now changed the figure to 354 barrels. The company is still probing the cause of the incident, and a seam failure was cited in the primary finding.
View Full Article in:Wall Street Journal, The
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Japan's ANA plane overruns runway – reports
TOKYO – An All Nippon Airways flight from Tokyo's Haneda airport overran the runway at a northern Japanese airport after the automatic braking system failed, reports said Sunday.
None of the 161 passengers and six crew members were injured and no damage to the plane was reported after the incident late Saturday, Jiji Press and Kyodo News agency said.
Japan's transport ministry however considered it a serious incident that could have caused a disaster, and sent investigators to the scene, local media said.
Neither the airline nor aviation authorities could be reached for comment.
The pilot was able to put the brakes on manually, but the plane overran for about 66 meters (216 feet) and only stopped after entering a grassy area at Shonai Airport, northern Japan.
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Recently traveled from central Ohio with my son for a few days of riding in the UP, luckily after calling several places and asking a million questions we landed at the Cherrywood Lodge. One of the main reasons we picked this Lodge was based on how accommodating Pam was on the phone. We pulled in and a short time later... More
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American Samoa and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands:
Employment, Earnings, and Status of Key Industries Since Minimum Wage Increases Began
GAO-11-427: Published: Jun 23, 2011. Publicly Released: Jun 23, 2011.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-3149
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
In 2007, the United States enacted a law incrementally raising the minimum wages in American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) until they equal the U.S. minimum wage. American Samoa's minimum wage increased by $.50 three times, and the CNMI's four times before legislation delayed the increases, providing for no increase in American Samoa in 2010 or 2011 and none in the CNMI in 2011. As scheduled, American Samoa's minimum wage will equal the current U.S. minimum wage of $7.25 in 2018, and the CNMI's will reach it in 2016. Recent economic declines in both areas reflect the closure of one of two tuna canneries in American Samoa and the departure of the garment industry in the CNMI. GAO is required to report in 2010, 2011, 2013, and biennially thereafter on the impact of the minimum wage increases. This report updates GAO's 2010 report and describes, since the increases began, (1) employment and earnings, and (2) the status of key industries. GAO reviewed federal and local information; collected data from employers through a questionnaire and from employers and workers through discussion groups; and conducted interviews during visits to each area.
In American Samoa, employment fell 19 percent from 2008 to 2009 and 14 percent from 2006 to 2009. Data for 2010 total employment are not available. GAO questionnaire responses show that tuna canning employment fell 55 percent from 2009 to 2010, reflecting the closure of one cannery and layoffs in the remaining cannery. Average inflation-adjusted earnings fell by 5 percent from 2008 to 2009 and by 11 percent from 2006 to 2009; however, the hourly wage of minimum wage workers who remained employed increased by significantly more than inflation. Private sector officials said the minimum wage was one of a number of factors making business difficult. In the tuna canning industry, future minimum wage increases would affect the wages of 99 percent of hourly-wage workers employed by the two employers included in GAO's questionnaire. The employers reported taking cost-cutting actions from June 2009 to June 2010, including laying off workers and freezing hiring. The employers attributed most of these actions largely to the minimum wage increases. Cannery officials expressed concern in interviews about American Samoa's dwindling global competitive advantage. Available data suggest that relocating tuna canning operations to a tariff-free country with lower labor costs would significantly reduce operating costs but reduce American Samoa jobs; however, maintaining some operations in American Samoa would allow continued competition for U.S. government contracts. Some workers said they were disappointed by the 2010 minimum wage increase delay; however, more workers expressed concern over job security than favored a wage increase with potential for layoffs. In the CNMI, employment fell 13 percent from 2008 to 2009 and 35 percent from 2006 to 2009. Average inflation-adjusted earnings rose by 3 percent from 2008 to 2009 and remained largely unchanged from 2006 to 2009. Over the same periods, the hourly wage of minimum wage workers who remained employed increased by significantly more than inflation. In discussion groups, private sector employers said minimum wage increases imposed additional costs during a time in which multiple factors made it difficult to operate. In the tourism industry, scheduled minimum wage increases through 2016 would affect 95 percent of workers employed by questionnaire respondents. Tourism employers reported that they took cost-cutting actions from June 2009 to June 2010 and planned to take additional actions, including laying off workers. Few of these tourism employers attributed past actions largely to the minimum wage increases, and one half or less did so for each of the planned actions. Available data suggest that hotels generally absorbed minimum wage costs rather than raise room rates. Hotel payroll will represent an increasing share of total operating costs due to the minimum wage increases. In discussion groups, some tourism employers expressed concern about the minimum wage increases, but others said the increases were needed and manageable and that the primary difficulty was the CNMI tourism industry's decline. Workers participating in GAO's CNMI discussion groups expressed mixed views regarding the minimum wage increases and said they would like pay increases but were concerned about losing jobs and work hours. GAO shared the report with relevant federal agencies and the governments of American Samoa and the CNMI. While generally agreeing with the findings, they raised a number of technical concerns that have been incorporated as appropriate.
May 19, 2015
Afghanistan:Embassy Construction Cost and Schedule Have Increased, and Further Facilities Planning Is NeededGAO-15-410: Published: May 19, 2015. Publicly Released: May 19, 2015.
May 14, 2015
United Nations Renovations:Original Scope Reduced and Project Over Budget, but Lessons Learned Could Improve Future ProjectsGAO-15-414: Published: May 14, 2015. Publicly Released: May 14, 2015.
International Education Assistance:USAID Has Implemented Primary Grade Reading Programs but Has Not Yet Measured Progress toward Its Strategic GoalGAO-15-479: Published: May 7, 2015. Publicly Released: May 14, 2015.
May 13, 2015
North Korea Sanctions:United States Has Increased Flexibility to Impose Sanctions, but United Nations Is Impeded by a Lack of Member State ReportsGAO-15-485: Published: May 13, 2015. Publicly Released: May 13, 2015.
Apr 24, 2015
State Department Construction:Basis for Building versus Leasing Decisions Was Insufficiently Documented at Three EmbassiesGAO-15-472R: Published: Apr 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 24, 2015.
Mar 26, 2015
International Cash-Based Food Assistance:USAID Has Developed Processes for Initial Project Approval but Should Strengthen Financial OversightGAO-15-328: Published: Mar 26, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 26, 2015.
Mar 13, 2015
Summer Work Travel Program:State Department Has Taken Steps to Strengthen Program Requirements, but Additional Actions Could Further Enhance OversightGAO-15-265: Published: Feb 11, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 13, 2015.
Mar 12, 2015
Egypt:U.S. Government Should Examine Options for Using Unobligated Funds and Evaluating Security Assistance ProgramsGAO-15-259: Published: Feb 11, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 12, 2015.
Feb 27, 2015
Central America:Information on Migration of Unaccompanied Children from El Salvador, Guatemala, and HondurasGAO-15-362: Published: Feb 27, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 27, 2015.
Feb 25, 2015
African Growth and Opportunity Act:Lessons Learned from Other Countries' Trade Arrangements with Sub-Saharan AfricaGAO-15-393R: Published: Feb 25, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 25, 2015.
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