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Illinois Severe Storms and Flooding (DR-1771)
Incident period: June 1, 2008 to July 22, 2008
Major Disaster Declaration declared on June 24, 2008
Updates and Articles, Blogs, and News Releases
August 4, 2008
News Release
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. -- Federal and state officials announced today that the last two Disaster Recovery Centers (DRC/MDRC) will close this week.? Officials cited the reduced level of activity as the reason for the closings.
August 2, 2008
News Release
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. -- Before considering new construction and repairs of flood-damaged property, Illinois residents are urged to consult local building officials to obtain the necessary permits. "Obtaining building permits is especially important for those with homes or businesses located within a FEMA-mapped floodplain," said State Coordinating Officer Andrew Velasquez III of the Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA). "Residents rebuilding after recent floods need to know that building permits are based on local codes and ordinances that are enforced locally, not by FEMA."
August 1, 2008
News Release
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. -- More than $9.7 million in federal disaster assistance grants and loans has been approved so far by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) for Illinois residents who suffered damages and losses during the severe storms and flooding beginning June 1 and continuing through July 22. To date, 2,817 homeowners and renters from the 18 designated counties have applied for disaster assistance.
July 30, 2008
News Release
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. -- Greene County has been added to the list of counties designated for Public Assistance (Infrastructure) funding following the floods beginning June 1 and ending July 22, according to officials from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA). Today's announcement makes federal funding available to the county and certain private nonprofit organizations on a cost-sharing basis for emergency work and the repair or replacement of facilities damaged by the severe storms and flooding.
July 30, 2008
News Release
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. -- Property owners who purchase flood insurance now can alleviate future financial losses such as those incurred during the Illinois severe storms and flooding that started in June.? Many victims were unaware that their homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage.? As the most common and most costly type of natural disaster in the United States, the effects of the recent severe weather are a hard reminder that flooding occurs everyday in all regions of the nation, in disasters large and small.
July 29, 2008
News Release
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. -- Flood insurance policy holders rebuilding in the wake of the June severe storms and flooding may be eligible for up to $30,000 to help cover the cost of bringing their property into compliance with local floodplain ordinances. Policies issued since June 1, 1997 as part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) contain an Increased Cost of Compliance (ICC) provision. This coverage is for structures located within a floodplain, also known as Special Flood Hazard Area, which have sustained substantial or repetitive flood damage.
Main Content


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"Free boat" seaworthiness
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Re: "Free boat" seaworthiness
Originally Posted by
captain jack
$350 isn't what would slow me down. it's $350 right now all at once. I can't just pull money out of my butt. if I could i'd spend all day picking my ass. lol. seriously, though. I need time to gather that kind of money. I can't just yank it out of the bank. I don't have it.
If $350 presents a problem for you at any time, you can't afford a sailboat of any kind.
Trust me.
There's a very good reason why $1000 is called a "Boat buck".
Here's a fresh, concrete example. On Tuesday two friends & I brought my 30' boat down from its berth to be hauled for the winter.
Out of pocket expenditures for me were as follows;
$20 - Food & drink for the trip.
$15 - Gas for the car for the trip.
$10 - Diesel for the boat.
$350 - Haul, pressure wash & block the boat.
And that's only the start - now the real expenses begin.
I, myself, personally intend to continue being outspoken and opinionated, intolerant of all fanatics, fools and ignoramuses, deeply suspicious of all those who have "found the answer" and on my bad days, downright rude.
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Thanks To Bootleggers, There's an Actual Hearthstone Card Game
As reported on Games in Asia (via Venture Beat) this unofficial recreation costs about 300RMB or $49. With it you get two sets of every class' card, four of every normal and legendary, and extras for the ones with multiple spawns (like good old Unleash The Hounds). »


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Cheap SVD to Guangzhou flights
Popular Flights from Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Top Kingstown Flights to US Destinations
Top Kingstown International Destinations
Popular Flights from Guangzhou, China
Top Guangzhou Flights to US Destinations
Top Guangzhou International Destinations
SVD to CAN Route Map
Kingstown to Guangzhou Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from E.T. Joshua to Baiyun Intl..
9,884.74 miles
CAN - Baiyun Intl. Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Guangzhou (CAN) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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On June 5th, 2010 my life changed forever the moment I was announced as the new Miss Vermont.
It sounds like a cliche - "It was just LIFE CHANGING."
But seriously, it was.
It wasn't the instant fame (LOLZ) or the new life of glitz and glam (I was Miss Vermont... I had to wear mud boots to a lot of appearances) it was the year of transformative experiences that began on that night.
When you're Miss State, you're afforded opportunities to speak, perform, travel, and to spend every single day representing what you're most passionate about. It's pretty incredible. In what other circumstance does a young woman between 17 and 25 get to do that?
It is hard to articulate just how important being Miss Vermont was in making me the person I am today because it's so all encompassing.
Because I was Miss Vermont 2010, I wake up next to my husband every day.
Because I was Miss Vermont 2010, I know how to do superfast hair and makeup every day.
Because I was Miss Vermont 2010, I understand how to give a presentation of any length on absolutely any topic at a moment's notice.
And on and on.
Being Miss Vermont won't be the pinnacle of my existence on this planet, but it will always be an extremely important part of who I am and what I can do.
This weekend is Miss Vermont Pageant Weekend in the Green Mountain State, and the girls are competing on the same exact stage at the Barre Opera House where my life changed four years ago.
I am excited to see who will join our sisterhood and beyond sad I won't be there in person, but mostly I am filled with gratitude that I had the gift of being a forever Miss Vermont.
Happy National Pageant Day!


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THE HAGUE, Netherlands (AP) -- An International Criminal Court spokesman says the court never received official confirmation from Libya's rebel authorities that they had arrested Moammar Gadhafi's son Seif al-Islam Gadhafi during their lightning push into Tripoli.
The court's prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo spoke to reporters in the early hours of Monday morning to report that rebels had arrested Seif al-Islam. At the time, he declined to reveal his sources.
However, Seif al-Islam appeared -- free and defiant -- early Tuesday at a Tripoli hotel housing foreign journalists. He boasted that his father's regime still has control in Tripoli and will crush the rebellion.
Court spokesman Fadi El Abdallah said rebels never officially confirmed Seif's arrest. The court's prosecutor made no comment.


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My Verizon Mobile for Tablets
1,000,000 - 5,000,000 アプリをもっと見る
- Re-designed
- Handy data widget
- Dodgy font
- Paying now harder
+ この開発者 Verizon - VZ
"A Must-Have For Verizon Users"
レビューしたユーザー: Oliver Newson / Apr 10, 2015
A useful utility for checking your tariff, but impractical in places
Verizon is the largest wireless communications provider in the US, so chances are you'll be looking to download this app to keep on top of your plan. All the expected features are present: here you can pay your bill, see your usage and even change your contract. The app design is not always user-friendly though.
A recent re-design makes the app much more attractive, with key information presented well. There's even a widget which lets you view data usage in the notification centre by swiping down from the top of your iPhone.
The choice of font is questionable, as it doesn't give an air of professionalism. You can't pay the full bill in one step any more, as you must now fill in the amount.
Access your Verizon Wireless account using the My Verizon application. Find your balance, usage, payments, update Friends & Family, features and services.
Important Note: There will be a time lag between the end of a data session and the point at which the latest data usage will appear.
1.Minor Bug fixes in My Verizon.
このアプリケーションが登場する一部のリスト: Reviewed by Will Bessette, Reviewed by Oliver Newson.
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Video: Tags: mulch
A tag is a word or phrase that helps you find video clips with similar content. View all tags »
Displaying 1 result.
P. Allen Smith | Protecting Bulbs from Squirrels | PBS
Gardening and lifestyle expert P. Allen Smith shares some tips on how to protect spring blooming bulbs from those pesky squirrels. This video is from season 11 of his public television series, P.... 02:28
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P. Allen Smith's Garden Home
Garden design expert P. Allen Smith demystifies the process of designing beautiful gardens and opens up new possibilities for homeowners looking to create their own garden paradise. P. ALLEN SMITH'S GARDEN HOME highlights colorful...


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Co-founder Tim Westergren charges the RIAA with running a "misinformation campaign" and denies lobbying for an 85 percent reduction in artist royalties.
Technically Incorrect: A 17-year-old from Idaho is reportedly accused of paying a third party to organize DDoS attacks against his school district.
Commentary: The quiet demise of Apple's iPod Classic prompts CNET's Nick Statt to reflect on the time before streaming services -- when music was first set free.
Smith, a former vice president at Google X, is heading to Washington to help the Obama administration navigate the terrain at the intersection of tech and government.
An HP report suggests the reclusive country's cyberwarfare capabilities are rapidly making it a threat to Western systems.
Roombas are great, but not much fun to talk to. iRobot CEO Colin Angle feels intelligent human-interface robots must be the future of any smart household.
Georgia Tech's Gil Weinberg has made music-playing robots in the past. Now he's tapped that technology to help a musician likely become the world's first drumming "cyborg."
Latest sales for Surface, Xbox, and Bing present the next CEO with an increasingly tough decision.
Michael Sippey is saying goodbye after two years. The executive, who helped orchestrate the purchase of Vine, will continue to advise the company on product strategy.
Amusingly updated Tumblr legal guidelines remind bloggers to play nice, and not to mislead readers by using "Doctor Who" cat hashtags or posing as "Sherlock" actor Benedict Cumberbatch on the site.


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With a new year comes resolutions. Perhaps, like me, "to read more" was one of your resolutions for this…› More
Tagged: books
Olivia Chow reads an excerpt from her new book, My Journey› More
OTTAWA — She grew up to be a gifted political organizer and beloved step-mom, but Olivia Chow's teenage years as a…› More
Plaques marking historic locations are a common sight in tourist spots around the world, but what about markers indicating…› More
Brad Lavigne discusses his new book "Building the Orange Wave› More
Just how much fat is in a platter of nachos? You may have to prepare yourself for the answer. As health reporter Megan…› More
TORONTO — Indigo Books & Music Inc. (TSX:IDG) says it plans to open brick and mortar stores outside of Canada in…› More
BANGKOK, Thailand — There may be no Canadian novelist writing in English today who is as little known at home and as…› More
The release of Dan Brown's new novel on Tuesday was the kind of event the book industry seems to bank on more than…› More
How many followers does it take on Twitter to get a publisher like Penguin Canada to pay you for some thoughts? The answer is…› More


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- Reviews
- Gear
- Artists
- How-to
- Lessons
- Premier Blogs
- Win Stuff
Jackson Ampworks Newcastle Amp Review
May 11, 2012
This amp has amazing synergy with whatever you plug in to it, giving your fingers and axe power to take you from muted, complex jazz tones to perfect '70s crunch and everything in between.Read More
VHT Special 12/20 RT Amp Review
March 26, 2012
This little beast offers much more tweakability than the vintage Fenders it's based on.Read More
Dr. Z Maz 8 Studio Amp Review
March 9, 2012
While some companies have been around longer, Dr. Z is arguably one of the kingpins of boutique amplification. The Cleveland, Ohio, amp builder has some seriously heavyweight customers, includingRead More
Tweaking a Crate V33
February 10, 2012
Turning a Crate V33 2x12 combo into a more powerful little tone machine.Read More
Mesa/Boogie Mini Rectifier Twenty-Five Amp Review
January 10, 2012
Despite its tiny size, the Mini demonstrates why the Recto sound has endured through waves of musical trends and fads.Read More
Video Review - Mesa/Boogie Mini Rectifier Twenty-Five
January 2, 2012
PG's Jordan Wagner walks us through his latest review of the Mesa/Boogie Mini Rectifier Twenty-Five amplifier that is featured in the February 2012 issue, which is also available to be read online for free, here - http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2012/Feb/Mesa_Boogie_Mini_Rectifier_Twenty_Five_Amp_Review.aspx.Read More
Venturing Inside A Vintage Carlsbro
December 20, 2011
Carlsbro amps were built in Nottingham, England, and seem to be more rare in the USA than any other British amp.Read More
Gabriel Stinger Amp Review
November 1, 2011
The Stinger is a point-to-point, seven-watt beast with switchable EL84 and 6V6 power tubes for instant metaphorical leaps across the Atlantic.Read More
Orange Dark Terror Amp Review
October 18, 2011
Forbiddingly dubbed the Dark Terror, Orange's newest low-power amp builds upon its predecessor's winning recipe, while piling on heaps of molten gain and smoking overdrive that can stretch your notions of just how huge tiny can get.Read More
Video Review - Orange Dark Terror
October 14, 2011
PG's Jordan Wagner walks us through his latest review of the Orange Dark Terror amplifier. You can read Jordan's full print review for free in its entirety online -- http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2011/Nov/Orange_Dark_Terror_Amp_Review.aspx.Read More


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Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty said Monday that a U.S. Bancorp unit is a lender to Huntingdon Life Sciences, a U.K.-based research facility that helps makers of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, cosmetics and other products assess the safety of their wares.
U.S. Bancorp Targeted by Animal-Rights Activists
FEB 4, 2013 6:10pm ET
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Hi, I asked this elsewhere and was told about micechat. My daughter will be turning 6 in May...she will be graduating kindergarten in June...
so my thought was somthing that is extraordinary for both...we go to d land "regularly" (2-3 times a year) we were thinking of going BEFORE the big 50th kicks off.
I have been told about the princess breakfast (which we very well may do) She is it the self proclaimed 'Princess of Blueberries' (just don't even ask)
So does anyone have any ideas? It would be ideal if we could get a 'handsome prince' come up and make a big hurrah...or something?
ideas? :confused:
Thanks in advance.


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Volvo S80
The Volvo S80 is more like Volvo's older cars. Instead of the sporty look of the new Volvo S60, the Volvo S80 is built for comfort, and makes for a big and relaxing, but rather unexciting, executive saloon. The Volvo S80 is similar to the BMW 5-Series in size, but is priced in line with top-spec Ford Mondeos, so you get a lot of car for your money. It's well made too, and features a large line-up of quiet engines; from the economical DRIVe model all the way up to a five-cylinder diesel luxury model.
Volvo S80 saloon
- Very comfortable
- Premium-quality cabin
- DRIVe version is very economical
- Dull styling
- Limited driver appeal
- Very poor resale values
The Volvo S80 is an executive saloon like the BMW 5 Series, although some lower-spec versions are priced closer to mainstream family cars such as the Ford Mondeo. The Volvo has a wide variety of engines and trim levels, ranging from an efficient DRIVe diesel that boasts excellent fuel economy all the way up to a luxurious but very thirsty V8 petrol. The S80 is a comfortable and spacious car, but it's also rather bland and forgettable next to a 5 Series, Jaguar XF or Mercedes E-Class.


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About Schools in Twilight, WV
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Twilight, WV.FIND AN AGENT
Twilight, West Virginia is located in Boone County. Nearby cities and towns include Whitesville, Van, Sylvester, Greenview, Kopperston, Robinette, Madison, Comfort, Amherstdale, Racine, Bolt, Accoville, Danville, Oceana, Glen Fork, Kistler, Mallory, Matheny, Man, Pax, Stollings, Neibert, Chelyan, Henlawson, Powellton, McConnell, Mitchell Heights, Kincaid, Logan, Page, West Logan, Chesapeake, Shrewsbury, Bruno, Belle, Eccles, Lester, Monaville, Rossmore, Chapmanville, East Bank, Marmet, Switzer, Glasgow, Brenton, Handley, Cedar Grove, Mount Gay-Shamrock, Chauncey, Glen White, Bradley, Kimberly, Pratt, Beards Fork, Mount Carbon, Big Creek, Montgomery, Prosperity, Omar, Boomer, Pineville, Deep Water, Falls View, Mount Hope, Smithers, Mabscott, Scarbro, Crab Orchard, Verdunville, Rand, and Sophia. Twilight is a rural community with a population of 89. The median household income is $38,332. In Twilight, 63% of residents are married, and families with children reside in 32% of the households. Half the population of Twilight commutes 20 minutes or less to work, with 31% of residents holding white collar jobs and 69% residents holding blue collar jobs. The median age of homes in Twilight, WV is 38 years, with 73% of those homes owned, 17% rented, and 10% not occupied.
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Twilight, WV.FIND AN AGENT
See if your personality and goals are right for real estate.SEE ALL REAL ESTATE CAREERS
Community information and market data Powered by Onboard Informatics. Copyright ©2015 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
This information is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be relied on in making any home-buying decisions. School information does not guarantee enrollment. Contact a local real estate professional or the school district(s) for current information on schools. This information is not intended for use in determining a person's eligibility to attend a school or to use or benefit from other city, town or local services.


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Wednesday, December 11, 2013
PHA Classroom: Learning on Your Schedule
Did you know that PHA Classroom is host to nearly 100 recordings! Classes cover topics ranging from information about living with PH, effective and communicating with your health care providers to recordings from our 2010 and 2012 International PH Conferences. It's learning on your schedule.
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Although there are plenty of books written about New Urbanism, no town can hold a candle to the shining example that is Seaside. Hailed as one of Travel + Leisure magazine's "Best Beaches on Earth" for families, this picture-perfect community lit up the big screen in The Truman Show. But this beach neighborhood has plenty of personality to go with its beautiful design.
There's a profound sense of community, a family-friendly feel, and a whimsical sense of fun that will permeate your entire visit. An outdoor amphitheatre. A nationally acclaimed wine festival. A local repertory troupe. When it comes to pairing beauty and the beach, the folks in Seaside have, well… made an art of it.
Tidings from Seaside
– Latest info, postings and items of interest
13.1 Miles, Starting and Ending in SeasideThe Seaside School Half Marathon is the largest annual running event in South Walton. View a mile-by-mile GoPro recap of this amazing race!
updated: Apr 02, 2015 5:01 pm
Meet Charlie Modica, of Seaside's Famous Modica MarketThe Modica family has helped shaped the South Walton community. Learn more about this family's dedication to the community, including how their specialty grocery shop has remained a South Walton "anchor" for so long.
updated: Dec 01, 2014 10:02 am
The Secrets of SeasideDid you know that no two fences in Seaside look alike? Learn more South Walton trivia in this fun list of local secrets.
updated: Jun 30, 2014 11:09 am
Seaside Farmer's MarketThere's nothing like browsing the stalls of an outdoor market for fresh produce, baked goods, and handmade jams and jellies from local growers. Enjoy the fruits (and vegetables) of their labors every Saturday at the Seaside Farmers' Market from 9:00 AM–1:00 PM on the east side of the green.
updated: May 30, 2014 10:15 am
#1 Beach on Earth for FamiliesIn the first ever Best Beaches survey, Travel + Leisure readers voted Seaside the Best Beach on Earth for Families. With its sugar white sand, turquoise waters, idyllic houses and endless family-friendly amenities, it's easy to see why.
updated: May 23, 2014 11:54 am
Pet-Friendly in SeasideWhen vacationing in Seaside, don't forget to bring your four-legged friend along for the fun. Whether grabbing a bite to eat at one of the delicious food trucks on Airstream Row or relaxing with a book on the green lawn in front of the amphitheater, Seaside is a pet-friendly neighborhood with much to do.
updated: Mar 05, 2014 6:07 pm


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Dan Sadowsky
Dan Sadowsky
Dan Sadowsky is a senior web writer for Mercy Corps in Portland. In his job he's traveled to Africa, Latin America and Central Asia, but for fun he'd rather go to India. He's a devoted reader of The Wall Street Journal, manages the company softball team and frequents the Rose Garden when the Blazers are in town.
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Curated news and insights about innovative, market-driven solutions to poverty explored through news, commentary and discussion.


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X CUYAHOGA FALLS — A family dinner party is being held today in honor of Dick and Betty Mounts of Cuyahoga Falls, formerly of Youngstown, who are celebrating their 60th wedding anniversary.
The couple were united in marriage April 4, 1948, at Westminster Presbyterian Church in Youngstown.
The Mountses have four children. The family circle includes Dick Jr. of Cuyahoga Falls; Russ and Mary Beth Mounts, Joyce Hall, and Randy and Theresa Mounts, all of Akron; and their four grandchildren, Ben, Austin and Racheal Mounts and Celeste Hall.
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Still the Flash: Old boxing nickname suits a guy always on the go
Mark Mulligan / The Herald
A photo of George Perez as a young boxer in the late 1960s from an album Perez keeps with old press clippings about his boxing career.
Mark Mulligan / The Herald
A photo of George Perez (left) as a young boxer in the late 1960s, from Perez's photo album.
Contributed by George Perez
George Perez and his wife, Georgia, in 1979.
Mark Mulligan The Herald
George Perez applied for a job at Comcast Arena just for the chance to be part of the fun of events there.
He was a pro boxer who earned his moniker from the flashy velour robes and trunks he wore.
Today Flash is more commonly known as George Perez.
More often than not at Safeway on 41st Street in Everett, you can hear Perez's voice from behind the cash register calling out a happy cheer to a customer or joshing with a kid in a cart seat.
Though Perez doesn't get bounced around a boxing ring anymore, he's still ricocheting from one activity to the next in a life that's certainly been worth living.
"It's been pretty good," Perez, 64, said. "I've had an exciting life."
Part of that excitement and passion has been built around sports. It's been a part of his life since his youth, and now Perez keeps that passion aflame by following the Everett Silvertips hockey team.
Perez was a fan of the Tips even before they got their name. He was a proponent of building Comcast Arena in downtown Everett in 2003, and applied for and got a job as an arena usher "to be more a part of it."
"I just think local sports are amazing," Perez said. "And the Tips just brought me so much excitement. It's really neat."
Of course, Perez has to juggle being an usher with his full-time job at Safeway, but he says his employer has been flexible enough to let Perez take in as many events as he can, from Tips games to the circus.
"I could do five or six events a week," Perez said. "Again, I like it so much, I don't care. It's fun."
For Perez, that's perfect, because both jobs put him around people and give him an opportunity to play up to a crowd.
"I'm a big ham, admittedly," said Perez, who is in his 12th year at Safeway. "I love the company I work with, and again, I'm a ham, and I love the people that come through. I meet a great amount of neat customers."
Holding two jobs works for Perez's wife, Georgia, as well because that gets him out of the house, Perez joked.
But with all that's on his plate, it's hard to believe Perez is much of a homebody.
For instance, ushering gives Perez "mad money" to help pay for the salmon fishing he does two or three times a year on the Stillaguamish and Snohomish rivers.
Perez has been an active member of his church the past 30 years and has participated in 11 mission trips so far.
Perez is also a commissioner with the Everett Housing Authority. He attends meetings at least once a month and travels to conferences and such to support the authority's mission to provide affordable living to low-income families.
Perez is in his ninth year as a commissioner.
"I'm a projects boy so it does have some rewards related along those issues and I've enjoyed that," Perez said.
And Perez works out at the YMCA, starting at 6:30 most mornings.
"I don't want to be a fat husband or fat grandpa," Perez joked. "And all my life I've been involved in sports."
Perez was an amateur boxer in the Golden Gloves, and, in 1972, he turned pro, fighting for five or six years.
They called Perez "Flash," he believes because of the colorful trunks and robes his mother-in-law made him
In boxing, Perez combined his love of sports and his natural "hammy" tendencies.
"I never intended to make any money. I never had the dreams of one day being a champion, never had those kind of aspirations. It was fun. I liked it. It kept me in shape."
Perez caught a bad streak, however, and is today a recovering alcoholic, dry for 23 years.
"I'm not a health fanatic, but it's been instilled in me since I was a kid that there's an important part of taking care of our bodies," Perez said.
As a young man, Perez, the second of 10 children, and his family followed the crops to make a living: In the Everett area they picked strawberries and raspberries, then went on to Othello and Moses Lake for onions and potatoes and beets, the Yakima Valley for the hop harvest and grapes and apples, then winter in Arlington.
"It was hard," Perez said. "Young people I work with at Safeway will ask me if it's hard for me standing up. What we used to do in the field was much harder than this and didn't pay half as much, so I'm in heaven. This is absolutely enjoyable."
Perez still gardens at his Everett home -- "there's nothing better than getting your hands dirty" -- and he and his wife enjoy going to the sporting events of their 18 grandkids. There are also three great-grandkids.
"There are not any boxers yet, but a lot of football and basketball players," Perez said.
Perez has a simple philosophy for staying vital.
"Be involved. Do something," Perez said. "Don't sit at home. Do stuff."
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Kfc-A & W - Broomfield
6400 West 120th Avenue
Broomfield, CO 80020
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(303) 466-7796
Cuisine: American Restaurants, Fast Food Restaurants
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6445 West 120th Avenue
Ooka Asian Cuisine
6485 West 120th Avenue
Golden Bowl Noodle House
6500 120th Ave Ste E
Pho Duy
6600 W 120th Ave Unit B
Colorado Chinese Language Center, LLC
6343 W 120th Ave
Pho 120 Vietnamese Restaurant
6765 W 120th Avenue
Pho 79 IV
6650 W 120th Ave


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Good news for the U.S. economy Tuesday in the form of durable-goods orders and housing prices, both stronger than expected, lifted shares on both sides of the Atlantic. The Stoxx Europe 600 rose 0.17% to 293.76, and the S&P 500 added 0.78%, finishing the day at 1,563.77. Here is a continuously updated list of global stock indexes.
View Full Article in:Wall Street Journal, The · Bloomberg Businessweek · CNNMoney
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Description: SINK THE BISMARCK ~ sung by Johnny Horton=====================================VETERANS HELPING VETERANShttp://veteransupport.net/vhv.html***********************SINK THE BISMARCKIn May of 1941 the war had just begunThe Germans had the biggest ship that had the biggest gunsThe Bismarck was the fastest ship that ever sailed the seaOn her decks were guns as big as steers and shells as big as treesOut of the cold and foggy night came the British ship the HoodAnd every British seaman he knew and understoodThey had to sink the Bismarck the terror of the seaStop those guns as big as steers and those shells as big as treesWe'll find the German battleship that's makin' such a fussWe gotta sink the Bismarck cause the world depends on usYeah hit the decks a runnin' boys and spin those guns aroundWhen we find the Bismarck we gotta cut her down[ ac.guitar ]The Hood found the Bismarck and on that fatal dayThe Bismarck started firing fifteen miles awayWe gotta sink the Bismarck was the battle soundBut when the smoke had cleared away the mighty Hood went downFor six long days and weary nights they tried to find her trailChurchill told the people put every ship asailCause somewhere on that ocean I know she's gotta beWe gotta sink the Bismarck to the bottom of the seaWe'll find the German battleship...[ ac.guitar ]The fog was gone the seventh day and they saw the morning sunTen hours away from homeland the Bismarck made its runThe Admiral of the British fleet said turn those bows aroundWe found that German battleship and we're gonna cut her downThe British guns were aimed and the shells were coming fastThe first shell hit the Bismarck they knew she couldn't lastThat mighty German battleship is just a memorySink the Bismarck was the battle cry that shook the seven seasWe found the German battleship t'was makin' such a fussWe had to sink the Bismarck cause the world depends on usWe hit the deck a runnin' and we and spun those guns aroundYeah we found the mighty Bismarck and then we cut her downWe found the German battleship... **********************************The Battleship Bismarckhttp://www.kbismarck.com/German Battleship Bismarckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_BismarckThe Sinking Of The Battleship Tirpitzhttp://www.lancastermuseum.ca/tirpitz.htmlHMS Hood (51)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Hood_(51H.M.S. Hoodhttp://www.hmshood.com/**************************************
SINK THE BISMARCK ~ sung by Johnny Horton - Download MP3 music or MP4 video:
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I only heard this song for the first time yesterday and liked it so much I thought I would make a video for it. Hope you like it!
From Johnny Horton, Sink The Bismrack.
"Sink the Bismark" (later "Sink the Bismarck") was written by Johnny Horton and Tillman Franks, based on the pursuit and eventual sinking of the German battleship Bismarck in May 1941, Horton...
Sink the Bismarck, originally sung by Johnny Horton. Covered by Zach Ehlers.
I do not own nor do intend to profit from this movie!
Sink the Bismarck is written and sang by Johnny Horton. Also it is a slide show type video.
Here´s a little special for you! This song was performed at Bob's Country Bunker, but the scene was cut from the movie. It´s very rare!
Battle sequence in which the English ship HMS HOOD takes on the German Battleship Bismark and losses big time. True story! Update 6/28/10: typo fix. Thanks for letting us know..
Blues Brothers version of sink the bismarck, This was performed at Bob's Country Bunker but this scene got deleted from the Movie. Lyrics: In May of 1941 the war had just begun The Germans...
Sung by the Salberg Brothers, Russ, Rick and Scott.
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The Hatewatch blog is managed by the staff of the Intelligence Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center, an Alabama-based civil rights organization.
Glenn Beck: A Quarter of Americans May Face Starvation
Cranking up his doomsday predictions to a new fever pitch, Glenn Beck this week warned that by January some 75 million Americans could be starving.
"[B]race yourself. We went to two or three experts yesterday," the Fox News Channel host said in his Wednesday radio broadcast. "[O]ne of them said that by next year a quarter of this nation will not be able to afford food. … [I]s it going to happen? At some point, yes. When? I don't know. I just ask you to please prepare. … Experts are now telling me that it's happening next year."
Beck, who for years has counseled listeners to hoard food, has long been warning that a shortage could be right around the corner — just one of many dire predictions, typically related to government malfeasance or related end-times scenarios, that have made Beck a hero of much of the radical right. Now he's suggesting that the scary corner could be a mere six weeks away. ( continue to full post… )
Lie about 'Illegal Alien Voters' Goes Viral on the Web
Nativists were primed to believe something dastardly was afoot with the approaching 2010 elections. ALIPAC's William Gheen warned that undocumented immigrants were planning to commit massive voter fraud with the help of the Democratic Party machine. An Arizona group called Ban Amnesty Now put out an appeal for people to monitor the polling stations for any suspicious activity.
The only missing element: evidence. So an Oct. 28 Internet report by right-wing-friendly columnist Jim Kouri that the U.S. Department of Justice was ignoring massive voter fraud by undocumented immigrants could not have come at a more opportune time. ( continue to full post… )
Extra! Extra! Shariah Takeover of U.S. Averted by Oklahoma Vote!
The Council on American-Islamic Relations announced yesterday that it is suing Oklahoma over a newly adopted law banning the use of international or Islamic law in state courts. Islam-fearing websites went wild. Here's a sampling of headlines and excerpts from some of the more colorful postings Thursday:
From WorldNetDaily.com:
Headline: "CAIR sues Oklahoma for banning Islamic law. Unindicted terrorist co-conspirator reacts after 70% of voters approve"
"CAIR, whose national office is in the nation's capital, describes itself as a civil-rights group, but FBI evidence points to its origin as a front group for the Muslim Brotherhood and its offshoot Hamas, and the Justice Department designated it an unindicted co-conspirator in the largest terror-finance case in U.S. history."
(Editor's note: According to Politico, CAIR, along with 245 other unindicted co-conspirators, was never charged with a crime. In July 2009, a federal judge found that the government had violated these groups' First Amendment rights by including their names on a publicly filed document.) ( continue to full post… )
Alabama Justice Compares 'Liberal' Judges to Al-Qaeda
Like mentor, like protégé.
Newly reelected Alabama Supreme Court Justice Tom Parker raised a few eyebrows even in this conservative state with his release last week of a radio campaign advertisement in which he said "liberal activist judges" like U.S. District Judge Virginia Phillips should be listed with Al-Qaeda among America's biggest security threats.
Why? Because of her September ruling that the U.S. military's so-called "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) policy is unconstitutional, which, if it survives legal challenges, would mean that gays could serve openly in the armed forces. (The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals issued an indefinite stay of Phillips' ruling on Nov. 1). ( continue to full post… )
Racist British National Party Relaunches American Outreach Effort
A racist organization from Great Britain that once boasted a lively U.S. presence before it was routed eight years ago is back again.
The American Friends of the British National Party (AFBNP) was once a serious player in white nationalist circles. The group was created in the late 1990s to raise money from Americans for candidates of the racist British National Party. The AFBNP's leader, Mark Cotterill, was a master networker who managed to entice right-wing American extremists of seemingly every stripe to address his rather frequent Washington, D.C., meetings.
Among the white nationalist luminaries who spoke to the AFBNP were former Klan leader David Duke, Internet hate guru Don Black, the neo-Nazi National Alliance's military coordinator Steven Barry, and Richard Kelly Hoskins, a long-time ideologue of the anti-Semitic Christian Identity theology. Several BNP officials, including leader Nick Griffin, traveled to the United States for AFBNP meetings that solicited cash for the party.
All that came to an end in 2002 when the AFBNP collapsed after Cotterill was deported to Britain. ( continue to full post… )
With 'Sovereign Citizen' Movement Growing, New SPLC Video Promotes Law Enforcement Safety
The so-called "sovereign citizens" movement — men and women who believe they are exempt from most state and federal laws, regulations and tax codes — is spreading like a prairie fire. While many of these are tax resistors or perpetrators of "paper terrorism" – the filing of nuisance liens and such – some sovereign citizens have demonstrated a willingness to resist police and government authority with violence.
The unique danger posed by this movement exploded May 20 when two West Memphis, Ark., police officers met a father-son team of sovereigns, Jerry and Joe Kane, during a routine late-morning traffic stop. As officers Brandon Paudert and Bill Evans puzzled over the incomprehensible paperwork presented by father Jerry, son Joe, 16, emerged from the vehicle with his AK-47 blazing and fatally shot both officers. The Kanes fled, but were tracked and killed in a shootout with police an hour later in a Wal-Mart parking lot after wounding two more officers. ( continue to full post… )


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Systems and methods for controlling traffic on a communications network include dynamic and flexible control plans that enable service providers to control or influence customer access to communications facilities. Communications facilities are monitored to identify network elements, such as cell sites, that are overloaded. When the traffic intensity on a particular facility exceeds a predetermined level, either active or passive control is imposed on subscribers that are in the geographic area of the facility. Active control involves blocking, delaying or disrupting subscriber calls during the critical time period. Passive control involves providing cost incentives or disincentives during low or peak periods of traffic intensity. Customers are notified of the commencement and/or termination of active or passive control preferably via SMS. When implemented with stationary cellular service, the systems and methods aid in traffic engineering and provide opportunities for customers to reduce the cost and increase the accessibility of telephone service.
1. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium having control logic stored therein for causing a computer to control communications traffic based on a traffic control plan associated with a communications network, the control logic comprising computer-readable program code for causing the computer to:
when traffic conditions at a network element are congested, verify which affected communications devices still have permission to access the communications network when the traffic conditions are congested; and
implement a traffic control measure according to a control plan associated with one or more of the affected communications device;
wherein the traffic control measure includes causing the computer to permit access to the communications network for some of the affected communications devices based on a grade of service associated with the one or more affected communications devices.
2. The computer program product of
3. The computer program product of
4. The computer program product of
5. The computer program product of
6. The computer program product of
7. The computer program product of
8. A traffic control system for controlling traffic on a communications network, the system comprising:
a network control center that receives traffic data identifying traffic conditions associated with at least one element of the communications network; and
a traffic control application that, for one or more of the network elements:
receives information identifying what grade of service is associated with one or more communications devices that still have permission to access the communications network when the traffic conditions are congested; and
when traffic conditions are congested, implements communications via the communications network for the communications devices associated with a subscriber identifier having the grade of service denoting continued access to the communications network during congested traffic conditions.
9. The system of
10. The system of
11. The system of
12. The system of
13. The system of
14. The system of
15. A method for controlling communications traffic based on a traffic control plan associated with a communications network, the method comprising:
receiving information identifying what grade of service is associated with one or more communications devices that still have permission to access the communications network when traffic conditions are congested; and
when traffic conditions are congested, permitting communications via the communications network for communications devices associated with the grade of service denoting continued access to the communications network during congested traffic conditions.
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/261,132, entitled "Apparatus and Method for Providing Dynamic Communications Network Traffic Control," filed on Sep. 27, 2002 and assigned to the same assignee as this application. The aforementioned patent application is expressly incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.
The present invention relates to telecommunications, and more particularly, to systems and methods for providing reduced cost cellular service by minimizing the cost of equipment, activation and service.
"Plain old telephone service" (POTS) is ubiquitous in much of the world today. For a variety of reasons, however, cellular technology sometimes provides an attractive alternative to POTS, even for customers that do not need the mobility that cellular service inherently provides. For example, a low-income customer such as a college student may be somewhat transient, making repeated initiation and termination of POTS costly and inconvenient. The college student may share an apartment, rent a portion of someone else's home, or otherwise live in a situation in which expensive and intrusive rewiring of an additional POTS line would be unwelcome.
Provision of POTS requires the service provider to invest in infrastructure, such as placement and maintenance of buried and aerial telephone wire and cable, and of associated facilities. A significant portion of the populace may not have access to such an infrastructure. Even where the infrastructure exists, poor maintenance, and rugged conditions can impact the level of services. Thus, in some rural regions or developing countries, POTS is either unavailable or unreliable, with frequent outages and poor quality, even as compared to cellular service.
In these and other instances, cellular service would be preferable to POTS. Cellular service can be provided without installing and maintaining physical interconnections between the provider and the customer. The upfront and ongoing cost differentials between cellular service and POTS, however, present an entry barrier for many customers. The cost differentials are primarily attributable to the relatively expensive components in most cellular telephones, to labor and equipment required to activate the cellular telephone, and to monthly service charges for cellular service.
A typical cellular telephone includes a rechargeable battery, battery charging components, a display screen, an antenna, and electronic elements for providing continuous service while "handing-off" from one cell site to another. A basic non-cellular "land-line" telephone requires none of these elements to provide access to POTS, and thus is less expensive to manufacture. In fact, a cellular telephone can retail for several times the price of a basic land-line telephone.
The cost of cellular service is typically exacerbated by the "overhead" expenses incurred by the cellular service provider (CSP). Although cellular service is provided by a CSP, the customer typically purchases the cellular telephone from a retailer, such as an office supply or electronics store. Each cellular telephone must then be activated prior to first use.
In a typical approach, at the point of sale, the retailer collects the customer information that is required for activation. The information collected may include name, address, home telephone number, office telephone number, social security or other identification number, and payment information. The retailer then sends this information to a customer activation center (CAC). The CAC performs a credit check, assigns a cellular telephone number, and relays the cellular telephone number back to the retailer. The retailer then programs the cellular telephone number into the cellular telephone.
Either or both the retailer and the CAC receive a fee for performing or arranging for a cellular telephone number or programming the cellular telephone number into the cellular telephone. Thus, the need for an intermediate business or organization to obtain a cellular telephone number or to program the cellular telephone increases the cost to the customer or decreases the revenue to the CSP.
In another approach, the customer may order the cellular telephone through the mail or may purchase it directly from a retailer that does not perform the activation sequence. When the cellular telephone arrives, the customer must arrange to obtain a cellular telephone number for the cellular telephone and to program the cellular telephone number into the cellular telephone. To do so, the customer may directly call the CAC, either using the cellular telephone or another telephone. If the customer calls using the cellular telephone, the cellular telephone has a dummy Mobile Identification Number (MIN) which permits access to the cellular telephone network. This feature eliminates the need for the services of an intermediate business or organization because the customer communicates directly with the CAC. The CAC performs the credit check and assigns the cellular telephone number to the cellular telephone. The customer then manually programs the cellular telephone number into the cellular telephone, either by using the instruction manual or by listening to instructions from the CAC. In some instances, the cellular telephone is programmed to allow the CAC to remotely program the cellular telephone number into the cellular telephone. The need for the retailer or a service provider to program the cellular telephone is thereby eliminated.
Some customers encounter difficulty in performing the programming because of unfamiliarity with the concept of programming, or because of inadequate instructions in or loss of the instruction manual. In addition, for the CAC to assist the customer in programming the cellular telephone, the customer must be able to tell the CAC the make and, in some instances, the model of the cellular telephone. The make may be obvious if the cellular telephone is sold under the label of the manufacturer, but may not be obvious if the cellular telephone was sold under a private label. The model number, and any revision number, may not be listed or may be difficult to determine without opening the case of the cellular telephone, which may void the warranty. Consequently, a customer may find the self-programming approach somewhat frustrating.
In addition to up-front costs, cellular service may also be impracticable for some customers due to monthly service fees. Cellular service providers must also be responsive to the market demand for lower cellular rates. This demand is evidenced by frequent new and/or special rate plans advertised by various cellular service providers who must compete for customers as the market becomes saturated with cellular users.
Cellular customers typically pay a flat fee for service, and an additional fee based on the number of airtime minutes that the customer has used. Other cellular service plans may require the customer to purchase a bulk quantity of airtime minutes, for which the customer must pay even if the airtime is not actually used. Customers who choose to pay "by the minute" typically receive rates that are less favorable than rates available to those who purchase airtime in bulk. Furthermore, customers who choose to purchase airtime in bulk further reduce per minute rates by purchasing increasingly larger blocks of minutes. However, these bulk purchasers effectively ensure that their cellular telephone bills will never be lower than the minimum quantity of minutes purchased.
Airtime rates also typically vary based upon the time of day and day of the week. CSPs impose different rates at different times as part of the process of "traffic engineering." Traffic engineering involves calculating and controlling the amount and location of communications equipment required to handle communications traffic, including telephone, voice, data, images, and video. Rather than simply installing expensive communications equipment to keep pace with traffic, many CSPs attempt to control expenditures by controlling the traffic. To encourage "peak shifting," CSPs raise the per minute rates for cellular service during peak periods. For instance, weekend rates are lower than weekday rates, and nighttime rates are lower than daytime rates. These rate variations enable the CSPs to increase the efficiency of capital expenditures on infrastructure, such as cell site installations.
Each CSP must statistically determine the times and days that typically experience peak usage, and encourage customers to avoid using cellular service during those periods. Once peak and off-peak intervals are statistically established, the CSP creates rate schedules accordingly, which are then published to the customers of the CSP. The rate schedules typically impose the highest rates during statistically peak periods, which are usually weekday mornings and afternoons. Somewhat lower rates typically apply to statistically more moderate periods, such as weekday evenings. The lowest rates typically apply to statistically non-peak periods, such as weeknights and weekends. Actual usage patterns vary, however, according to any number of parameters, such as the season, local activities (such as major sporting events), holidays, highway traffic conditions, school terms, or the weather. Thus, a disadvantage of such statistics-based rate-making systems is that a CSP's rate schedule may discourage customer usage during a "peak" period that is actually experiencing low call traffic, and may encourage customer usage during an "off-peak" period that is actually experiencing high call traffic. The variability in the correlation between statistical prediction and actual call traffic can result in lost revenues and network overloads. Statistics-based rate schedules are also disadvantageous for customers, who may be unnecessarily discouraged from calling during unfavorable rate periods, which may last for hours.
Thus, there is a need in the telecommunications industry for systems and methods for providing telephone service that is less cost-prohibitive than typical cellular service, and that does not require the infrastructure of POTS.
Certain aspects and features of the various embodiments of the present invention address the problems described above with a cellular apparatus and service that is significantly less expensive to provide, easier to activate, and less expensive to operate. Reductions in cost are achieved by streamlining the cellular device itself, automating the process of activating and servicing the cellular device, and by providing more accurate and flexible rate plans and signals that enable the customer and the service provider to control the cost of service. These measures reduce the cost of providing cellular service and serve the market demand for lower priced cellular service.
More specifically, one aspect of the present invention is a telephone that includes all of the features necessary to place telephone calls, without certain features that are costly to provide. For instance, in one embodiment, the telephone is a stationary cellular device (SCD). The SCD lacks the unlimited handoff capability that allows ongoing cellular telephone conversations to be passed from any one cell site to any other cell site. Instead, the SCD can only handoff between cell sites in a predefined list of permissible cells. A list of permissible cell sites for a particular SCD is stored locally in a memory in the SCD. Whenever a call is attempted from the SCD, an originating cell identifier and a SCD identifier are cross-referenced in a network database that contains a remote version of the list of permissible cells for that SCD. Alternatively, the originating cell identifier can be compared to the list of cell IDs stored in the memory of the SCD. If the originating cell identifier is in the list of permissible cells for that SCD, the network permits the SCD to place the call. Once a call is connected, the local list of permissible cells determines whether the SCD can handoff to another cell site. The limited handoff feature enables the service provider to control use of system resources, while enabling the user to handoff as needed to place and receive calls in a fixed and predetermined area.
Another aspect of the various embodiments of the invention is a process for activating cellular service. Using an over-the-air activation procedure, a cellular telephone or SCD powers on and places a call to a Customer Activation Center (CAC). The SCD communicates identifying information regarding the SCD and the customer to the CAC, which the CAC uses to authenticate the SCD. The identifying information may include a terminal or device identifier, and user information, such as a social security number or customer ID. The identifying information can be used to validate the provision of service to the user by checking the user's credit, or confirming that the user has subscribed for service. Authentication also involves associating a telephone number with the SCD.
In a process called "orientation," the geographic location of the SCD is determined from data that is provided by the user or from data provided by a geopositioning system, such as a GPS or triangulation system. The CAC "provisions" the SCD by retrieving a list of cell IDs that correspond to that geographic location, thereby identifying cell sites that the SCD has permission to access. The originating cell ID for each subsequent call placed by the SCD is compared to this list of permissible cell IDs, and service is permitted or denied accordingly.
Yet another aspect of various embodiments of the invention includes flexible rate plans and real-time rate signals that benefit the CSP and the customer by providing real-time traffic control. As used herein, the term "traffic" means the amount of activity during a given period of time over a given communications network element, such as a circuit, cell site, trunk, line or group of lines, or communications switch. The CSP can optimize its network by engineering the cellular network specifically for reduced cost cellular service, rather than overcompensating for statistical peaks in call traffic. Whenever call traffic actually drives network capacity outside of an acceptable range, a CSP can control call traffic by transmitting favorable or prohibitive cost signals, or by delaying or disrupting service to appropriate subscribers. In this manner, aspects of the invention facilitate peak-shifting of customer usage according to actual fluctuations in call traffic.
One aspect of various embodiments of traffic control is monitoring by a Network Control Center (NCC), which can be a mobile switching center (MSC). The Network Control Center monitors traffic at any or all of a plurality of network elements, such as other MSCs, cell sites, or central switching offices. The monitoring data accumulated by the NCC is used to determine whether call traffic control measures should be implemented.
According to this aspect, when the NCC detects that the level of communications traffic at a particular element creates a shortage of capacity, the NCC implements appropriate traffic control measures. For example, if a particular cell site becomes overloaded, calls placed by customers associated with that cell site (and of lower priority) are restricted either actively or passively. To do so, the customers associated with that cell site are identified. If those customers are SCD users, a database query can determine whether the affected cell site is one of the permissible cell sites for those customers. Other users in the affected area can be identified based on the relationship between the proximity of the affected cell site and the users' location, which can be determined for example by querying a Home Location Register, or by GPS, triangulation or other locating means.
In certain embodiments, the traffic control aspect of the invention is implemented by notifying the customer at the instant a low call traffic period is detected by the CSP. The notification includes an indication that lower rates are available during the low call traffic period. The indication can be provided by a visual, audible, or tactile alert means, such as but not limited to a tone emanating from the handset, a text message or icon on a telephone display, an incoming call to the customer, vibration emanating from the handset, voicemail, or an audible broadcast message. The notification may specify a fixed interval during which lower rates are available, or a second notification may cancel the reduced rate period. The customer may take advantage of the offer of lower rates by responding to the notification or by simply placing a call after receiving notification. This aspect of the invention can also be implemented with control plans that provide flexible levels of service—that is, levels of service that vary according to the rates paid by the customer. Flexible service levels can be implemented dynamically, or at initiation of the customer-CSP relationship. For example, the customer may subscribe at a control plan that offers a lower level of service at lower rates than regular control plans. The lower level of service is manifested when, during periods at which call traffic is critically high, the customer's ability to place a call is strictly controlled by the CSP. The customer's call may be blocked altogether, or the call may be delayed until network capacity rises above a predetermined level. The customer's ability to continue an ongoing call may also be controlled, such as by the CSP disrupting a call in progress due to critical call traffic conditions. Although these aspects of the present invention are described in relation to cellular service, the aspects are also applicable to landline applications, such as long distance telephone service, or other wireless applications, such as wireless email, internet, and text paging.
These and other objects, features, and/or advantages accrue from various aspects of embodiments of the present invention.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, disclose various features and aspects of the invention. In the drawings:
The Stationary Cellular Device (SCD)
In a first cordless embodiment of the SCD, the base includes two antennae. A first antenna transmits and receives cellular signals to and from one or more cell sites. The term "cell site" refers to a low-powered radio transmitter/receiver that serves one geographic unit of the cellular system. A second antenna transmits and receives radio waves to and from a cordless handset. In a second cordless embodiment, a single base antenna transmits and receives cellular signals to and from cell sites, as well as radio waves to and from the cordless handset. In a third cordless embodiment, the handset and base communicate with one another with extremely low power calls over predetermined cellular channels. In this third cordless embodiment, the CSP reserves a portion of a block of proprietary cellular frequencies for extremely short range communications. Communicating with the base over these reserved frequency channels reduces the potential for interference from nearby conventional cordless or cellular devices.
The SCD is preferably capable of performing a very limited handoff function between selected cell sites that serve the home or fixed environment so that the SCD operates well inside a home or other fixed environment. Without some handoff ability, the cellular receiver could not compensate for fading that occurs when a customer moves from one area to another within the environment, or when the environment itself changes. The cellular device must handoff, for example, when the cellular device leaves the service range of one permissible cell site and enters the service range of another permissible cell site. One cell site may be appropriate for calls made from the front of a home, while another cell site may be appropriate for calls made from the rear of a home. Handoff capability is also required to compensate for fluctuations in cell site capacity and power, and for the reflectivity of radio waves. The limited handoff function does not support unlimited handoff or roaming, however. Limiting handoff or roaming capability can reduce the cost of the device, and enables the SCP to control the utilization of the network.
To limit the handoff function of the SOD, a stationary cellular application within the baseband processor 108 of the SCD compares the cell identifier (cell ID) of one or more accessible cell sites with a list of one or more permissible cell IDs that is preferably stored in the memory 110 of the SOD 100. Thus, the list of permissible cell IDs serves at least two major purposes: the list of permissible cell IDs 1) limits the geographic area from which the customer is permitted to place calls using that particular SOD, and 2) identifies the cell sites within that geographic area between which the SOD may handoff during an ongoing call. The SCD receives a list of permissible cell IDs during the "activation" process, which is described below in more detail. The list of permissible cell IDs is maintained in a network element of the cellular system, but is also preferably stored in the memory element of the SOD. Substantially less memory is required to support the stationary cellular application than is required to support typical cellular phone features, such as caller ID, memory dialing and text paging. Thus, a smaller memory element can be installed in the SOD so the cost of the SOD is less than a typical cellular device. The fixed cellular application maintains the list of permissible cell IDs, and restricts the SOD from handing-off to cell IDs that do not appear in the list of permissible cell IDs for that SCD.
Alternatively, the list of permissible cell IDs can be maintained entirely at the network level. In other words, rather than storing the list of permissible cell IDs in the SOD and controlling handoff using the fixed cellular application, a network level application can control handoff during an ongoing call.
The SCD application preferably searches for and utilizes the permissible cell site that has the strongest signal, as is common in conventional cellular communications standards, but may also search for the closest available permissible cell site. In some geographic areas, the CSP provides "macro cells" and "micro cells." Most often, a macro cell provides service for the bulk of the cellular customers in its service area. If the macro cell is overloaded, then one or more micro cells provides "overflow" capacity to the macro cell by carrying some of the macro cell's calls. At least a limited handoff capability is needed for the SCD to switch from a macro cell to a micro cell.
As mentioned above, the SCD must be activated before the SCD is used for the first time.
In certain embodiments of the invention, over-the-air activation procedures are used to activate the SCD. An example of such a procedure is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,887,253, which is incorporated by reference. The process of activation involves the process of authentication, which includes the SCD-specific steps of orientation, and provisioning. The steps do not necessarily have to be executed in a particular order. The activation process preferably also involves several elements of a cellular network. Each element may be a component of one or more physical network devices.
The activation process begins when the SCD 100 is powered on. Until the SCD 100 is activated, any call attempted is preferably automatically routed to an activation center, such as the CAC 202. The SCD user communicates with the CAC 202 via the most appropriate cell site 204, preferably by placing a telephone call to a dedicated SCD activation telephone number. The SCD activation telephone number is preferably preprogrammed into the SCD 100, or included in the instructions for the SCD 100.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the SCD 100 is "pre-activated," in that identifying information, including a subscriber identifier (ID), is pre-assigned and stored within the SCD 100 prior to purchase by the customer. North American cellular protocol systems, such as the analog AMPS, IS-95 CDMA, and IS-136 TDMA systems, use a telephone number as the subscriber identifier. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) countries assign an International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI), which is distinct from the phone number.
Once the communications session has been initiated, the SCD 100 transmits the identifying information to the CAC 202. The identifying information preferably also includes a terminal (device) identifier (such as an Electronic Serial Number (ESN), or International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI). The terminal ID and subscriber ID are transmitted to a switching center 206, such as a switch or a mobile switching center (MSC). The switching center 206 provides services and coordination between customers in the network and external networks. The switching center 206 shown in
The majority of the steps for authenticating service for the SCD 100 occur according to an authentication protocol for mobile and telecommunications networks. If the subscriber ID is not used as the telephone number, the MSC 206 uses the subscriber ID to procure a mobile station integrated services digital network number (MSISDN). The MSISDN is procured from a home location register (HLR) 208. Authentication may include verification of customer identity and credit worthiness, exchange of payment information, and validation of the integrity of the device.
The authentication procedure for an SCD 100 includes an additional sequence, in which the MSC 206 triggers invocation of an Authentication Application. The Authentication Application supplants unnecessary processes in standard authentication protocols with the SCD-specific authentication processes (orientation and provisioning) controlled by an Application Platform 210.
In the HLR 208, a record exists for every service available to the SCD 100, including call features. In the environment shown, the HLR 208 is populated by the IT System 212, which retrieves data from an IT Database 213. The HLR 208 also recognizes a set of conditions as triggers such as terminating triggers, originating call triggers, and authentication triggers. A trigger is invoked in response a request to add, change, delete, or retrieve an associated data element. Each trigger corresponds to an application resident on the Application Platform 210.
In certain embodiments, the HLR recognizes receipt of identifying information as an authentication trigger. The authentication trigger causes the HLR 208 to instruct the MSC 206 to send the subscriber ID, terminal ID, and MSISDN (if applicable) to the Application Platform 210. The Application Platform 210 runs the Authentication Application (not shown), which performs orientation and provisioning functions. The Application Platform 210 queries an Application Database 214 that contains at least a subset of all existing cell IDs. The Authentication Application selects from the Application Database 214 a list of permissible cell IDs for that SCD 100, based on the geographic location of the SCD (as determined in the orientation process). In the provisioning process, the list of permissible cell IDs is communicated back to the SCD 100. Each time the customer subsequently originates a call using that SCD 100, the HLR 208 again instructs the MSC 206 to send the identifying information to the Application Platform 210. The originating trigger invokes an "originating call" application that determines whether the originating cell ID (i.e., the cell ID associated with the geographic origin of the call) is in the list of permissible cell IDs for that SCD 100. If the originating cell ID is in the list of permissible cell IDs, the Application Platform informs the MSC 206, which then provides service authorization so that the customer may complete the call. If the originating cell ID is not in the list of permissible cell IDs, then the MSC 206 is directed to deny service, and the Authentication Application determines whether the SCD 100 has permission to be re-activated.
Provisioning (i.e., limiting authorization of an originated call to a predetermined list of permissible cell IDs) prevents the SCD 100 from being used outside of a designated area, defined by a location ID. The Application Platform 210 determines which of all existing cell IDs are permissible by comparing the geographic location of the SCD 100 at the time the customer initiates the activation sequence with a set of associated cell IDs. The geographic location is located in the functional equivalent of a look-up table containing cell IDs and the geographic areas served by the cell sites associated with the cell IDs. The list of permissible cell IDs is preferably transmitted to the SCD 100 via a programmable short message, or "SMS" (Short Message Service).
In the orientation process, the geographic location is determined, preferably using a global positioning system (GPS). For instance, CSPs typically maintain an engineering radio frequency map database (ERFMD) 216. An ERFMD 216 is part of a software application that predicts and empirically assesses cellular signal strength by analyzing the power output and frequency channels of cell sites in view of the terrain of the surrounding area. Cell IDs for those cell sites that are capable of serving the associated geographic area are then mapped to postal addresses, latitudes, and longitudes. The ERFMD 216 assists system engineers in optimizing placement of cell sites, and to "tune" the network to control the quality of cellular service.
Alternatively, the geographic location can be determined using triangulation based upon the signal received from the SCD. Three or more cell sites in the vicinity of the SCD
According to certain embodiments of the invention, the functional equivalent of an ERFMD 216 is utilized to identify the cell IDs that should be included in the list of permissible cell IDs for a given SCD 100. The functional equivalent of a relatively inexpensive GPS receiver is integrated into the SCD 100. The GPS receiver determines the location ID by calculating the precise position of the SCD 100. A corresponding list of cell IDs is retrieved from the ERFMD 216. The SCD 100 preferably communicates its position to the MSC 206, which transmits the position to the ERFMD 216 during the over-the-air activation procedure, although other modes of communication can be employed.
System design rules control assignment of cell IDs to a given SCD 100. For instances, an SCD 100 can be associated with a certain number of cell IDs, cell IDs within a geographic radius, or cell IDs with a minimum amount of available capacity.
In an alternative embodiment, the geographic location is determined based upon customer input at the time of activation. For instance, the activation sequence may prompt the customer to indicate his or her location using interactive voice response (IVR) and/or touchtone inputs. The customer's inputs are translated into a location ID. The customer's billing and other demographic data can also be obtained during activation, using the same input methods.
In yet another embodiment, the geographic location is determined based on the RF (radio frequency) signal received from the SCD by surrounding cell sites. Each of the surrounding cell sites detects the strength of the signal emitted by the SCD, and the original transmit power level from the SCD. The signal strength and transmit power level are used to determine the bit error rate of the signal. Each of the surrounding cell sites sends the bit error rate information associated with the SCD to the Application Platform, which determines the location of the SCD using a location algorithm.
After initial activation of the SCD 100, the ability of a customer to change the location ID, and thus, the permissible list of cell IDs is controlled using a flexible rule set. The flexible rule set prohibits changes, for example, during a given timeframe or of a given degree, or imposes a financial disincentive upon the customer. This control is necessary to prevent the customer from circum-venting the limited handoff function of the SCD 100 by repeating the activation procedure each time the customer changes geographic locations. The flexibility of the rule set permits the customer to rectify inadvertent errors committed during the activation procedure.
The authentication process occurs each time the SCD is powered on. The orientation process should only occur if no list of permissible cell IDs has been established, if the originating cell ID is not in the list of permissible cell IDs, and if permission is granted through the authentication process to "re-orient." The provisioning process should only occur in limited circumstances, such as the first time the SCD is powered on, when permissible cell IDs are added or removed at the network level, or when the customer moves or transfers ownership of the SCD. Re-orientation can be permitted when the SCD "permanently" moves from one geographic location to another. For example, the customer may be required to periodically "re-provision" the SCD, so that the list of permissible cell IDs stored in the memory of the SCD is updated with any new cell IDs that have been associated with the customer's location ID. The flexible rule set discourages re-provisioning if the change in geographic location is temporary.
In certain embodiments of the invention, this "originating call ID check" occurs within the SCD. In these embodiments, the SCD receives the originating cell ID from the originating cell site or from the MSC. An application stored within the SCD then compares the originating ID to the list of permissible cell IDs stored within the SCD. If the originating cell ID is in the list of permissible cell IDs, the SCD sends an authentication indicator (such as a flag) to the MSC. The authentication indicator indicates that the call is allowable, and enables the MSC, at 412, to route the call to its intended recipient. If the originating ID is not in the list of permissible cell IDs, then in these embodiments, operation proceeds from 410 to 416 and the SCD terminates the attempted call (414 is not applicable).
In other embodiments, the originating call ID check occurs at the network level. Upon attempting a call, the SCD communicates identifying information to the MSC, which causes the Application Platform to compare the originating cell ID to the list of permissible cell IDs, which can be obtained from the Application Database based on the terminal ID of the SCD. If the originating cell ID is not in the list of permissible cell IDs, then at 414, the Authentication Application determines whether re-activation is permissible, according to flexible rules imposed by the CSP. The flexible rules may allow re-activation at set intervals, upon payment of a fee, or when the customer has made arrangements with the CSP to re-activate the SCD. If re-activation is not permissible, then at 416, the MSC terminates the attempted call.
Once a call is connected, the SCD application uses the list of permissible cell IDs stored within the SCD to determine permissible handoff cell sites.
Call Traffic Control
To further reduce customer and provider costs associated with cellular service, systems and methods for providing real-time call traffic control are provided. According to certain embodiments of the invention, upon attempting to place a call, customer identification information is communicated to the MSC 206. The subscriber ID or other identifying information preferably indicates the control plan to which the customer subscribes. The customer's control plan dictates the control measures that the customer has typically agreed to accept in exchange for lower rates. Referring to
The NCC 300 passes the traffic intensity data to a Traffic Engineering Application 302, which processes the traffic intensity data to monitor the traffic on the cellular network. The Traffic Engineering Application 302 populates a Traffic Engineering Database 304 with data that quantifies the traffic level seen by the NCC 300. One appropriate metric is the probability of blocking Pb for each cell site, by cell ID, and by MSC 206. Traffic intensity data from multiple NCCs 300 can be processed and stored in the Traffic Engineering Database 304.
The CSP launches a Traffic Control Application from the Application Platform 210. The Traffic Control Application extracts data from the Traffic Engineering Database 304, preferably in real time. Based on the traffic intensity (also known as the Grade of Service), the Traffic Control Application then applies a set of rules to determine whether traffic control measures should be implemented in a particular geographic area.
According to various aspects of certain embodiments of the invention, if the probability of blocking Pb indicates a shortage of capacity on a cell or group of cells, then the Traffic Control Application queries the HLR 208 and retrieves a list of affected cellular devices that are in the affected area and associated with subscriber IDs that are to be controlled. The Traffic Control Application instructs the affected MSC 206 and the HLR 208 to implement the appropriate passive or active control scheme until the traffic intensity condition improves. In addition, the Traffic Control Application notifies the IT System 212 of the commencement of a control period for those particular customers. This notification is communicated to a billing application so the prices charged to the customers correspond to the control scheme that is implemented.
According to various embodiments of control schemes of the present invention, each customer subscribes to a control plan associated with a grade of service (GOS). As an example, customers subscribing at the most permissive grade of service (GOS0) may never be controlled, that is, purposefully discouraged or prevented from placing calls. However, all other grades of service are subject to varying degrees of control as the network becomes more congested. Typically, the grades of service that are subject to more control are more affordable.
At control point C1, the CSP either passively or actively controls the traffic of calls placed by customers subscribing to a control plan that corresponds to that grade of service. These customers will be referred to as "GOS1" customers, because at control point C1, customers subscribing to control plans that fall within grade of service 1 will be controlled for the first time. At control point C2, the CSP either passively or actively controls the traffic of calls of GOS2 customers. In addition, at control point C2, the CSP continues to control GOS1 customers, and may increase the severity of the control, such as by switching from passive to active control. At control point Pn, the CSP may elect to actively control the traffic of calls placed by all customers subscribing to any reduced cost control plan.
Control points can be established and implemented system wide, or can vary by cell site, geographic area, season, time of day, or other parameter. In other words, the CSP can determine that a 5% probability of blocking Pb is acceptable on weekends, but not on weekdays.
Certain embodiments of the invention implement active control of call traffic by limiting or denying some customers' access of the network during periods of increased call traffic. In an example of an active control scheme according to these embodiments, if the probability of blocking Pb at a given cell site has reached control point C1, then the number and/or duration of calls placed by GOS1 customers in that area can be limited to predetermined maximum values. If the congestion on the network causes the probability of blocking Pb to reach control point C2, GOS1 customers are denied service altogether, and GOS2 customers are prevented from exceeding maximums for number and/or duration of calls placed during the period of control. As an alternative to denying service, the CSP may delay the connection of calls placed by certain customers to prevent those customers from having to attempt the calls repeatedly. Rather, the CSP can generate an audible message that informs the customer that a call will be connected at a later time. Preferably, the customer may accept the delay, or cancel the attempt.
In an active control scheme, the CSP can elect to interrupt service to or limit the duration of calls that were underway prior to the commencement of a call traffic control period. To mitigate the impact on customer service, the CSP can notify the customer of an imminent service disruption using any of the notification methods described hereinafter. After notification is given, the customer has sufficient time to conclude the ongoing telephone call before the call is disconnected.
Other embodiments of the invention implement passive control of call traffic by dynamically establishing rates according to the grade of service that corresponds to the customer's control plan. For instance, if at time t, the Traffic Control Application determines that the probability of blocking Pb at a given cell site has reached control point C1, GOS1 customers in that area must pay an increased rate to place a call. The degree of this dynamic rate increase is calculated to achieve the desired effect of discouraging a given percentage of affected GOS1 customers from placing calls during the period that the increased rate is applicable. To reduce call traffic, the affected customers are notified at the same time as the rate increase is dynamically imposed. After the probability of call blocking Pb falls below control point C1, signaling that the decrease in call traffic has in fact occurred, the rate increase is reversed. GOS1 customers are similarly informed that the period of increased rates has ended or will end at a given time, or when the desired effect has been obtained.
Conversely, passive control can be implemented to encourage increases in call traffic during periods of excess capacity. In this instance, increased call traffic is desirable to generate additional revenue, to optimize network utilization, and to allow customers opportunities to place more affordable discretionary calls. To increase call traffic, the customer is notified that rate discounts will be implemented for a period of time. At the end of the discount period, the customer will be notified that the discount no longer applies. Referring to
Various aspects of the embodiments of traffic control schemes can be implemented in non-cellular applications, especially with respect to long distance service. For non-cellular systems, the NCC determines traffic parameters by monitoring loads on various network switches, network trunks between switches, distribution trunks from switches to end customers, network distribution points, and at network control points. Customers can be notified of load-based variations in pricing using one-way or two-way pagers, distinctive stutter dial tones, distinctive ringing, voicemail, outbound calls from an IVR, email, instant messaging, or any combination of these notification mechanisms.
Notification of the Commencement or Conclusion of Traffic Control Customer notification of the increased or reduced calling rates is pre-ferably performed by sending a commencement message when the adjustment period begins, followed by a concluding message when the adjustment period ends. Notification can be accomplished with an SMS message to the customer's handset. If the handset has no display, the customer can receive notification via a tone or beep, similar to the audible alert commonly used to indicate that a cellular customer has a voice message. If the handset has a display, notification can be received as a text message along with or in lieu of the audible tone. The text message includes a short description of the rate adjustment, such as "10% off all calls now" or "reduced rate ends in 2 minutes." An icon or other graphic can communicate the same information. For example, "$" can indicate a 10% rate increase, "$$$" can indicate a 30% rate increase, and "−$$" can indicate a 20% rate reduction. Similarly, audible tones with different pitches can differentiate between an increase as opposed to a discount; the number of tones can indicate the amount of the adjustment. Alternatively, a particular melody or a prerecorded message can designate commencement or conclusion of a period of rate adjustment.
Rather than using an SMS message for notification of commencement or conclusion of a period of rate adjustment, a call can be placed to each affected customer. When the customer answers the call, notification is provided via a prerecorded message. This alternative is less attractive for providing notification of temporary rate increases due to capacity shortages, because the notification calls would further increase the already elevated call traffic on the affected portion of the network.
The foregoing description of a preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented only for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. For example, the notification and control aspects of the invention are directed to cellular service, but can be implemented in any subscriber media, such as POTS, text paging, wireless internet, long-distance, cable, satellite, and internet services. The term "call" includes any communications session initiated or received in any such subscriber medium. In addition, passive or active control of call traffic can be implemented proactively or reactively. For example, a control scheme can be implemented reactively by calculating the probability of blocking Pb on a given cell site only in response to an attempted call, and then by imposing rate adjustments or denying service to that particular customer if warranted by the capacity situation at that particular time.
Various modifications are possible, including additions, changes, deletions as are suited to the particular use contemplated, without departing from the principles and scope of the invention.
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Alvin Heavyweight Opaque Plotter Bond 50-Sheet Pack
For checkplots. 92% bright, snow white finish provides excellent contrast. Great for pen/inkjet use. Extremely durable, yet economical. Use when Diazo production is not intended. Recommended pen type is felt-tip or ballpoint.
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A Recipe for Cream of Science: Special Content Recruitment for Dutch Institutional Repositories
Martin Feijen and Annemiek van der Kuil describe the Cream of Science Project, part of the DARE Programme, which generated a Web site offering open access to almost 25,000 publications by 207 prominent scholars across the Netherlands.
October 2005, issue45, feature article


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Home > Employment documents > Employment letter templates
This is a employment offer letter template to be used by an employer offering a new job to a prospective employee.
The job offer letter includes a number of optional conditions precedent (i.e. conditions which have to be met for the offer to remain valid). Options include: satisfactory references being obtained; proof of a right to live and work in the UK being provided; passing a Criminal Records Bureau check; and proof of qualifications.
Offer letters should be used in conjunction with full employment contracts - see our range of template employment contracts.
If an employee accepts the offer of employment, he or she should sign and return the accompanying contract of employment and, subject to compliance with the conditions precedent, employment will commence on the agreed date.
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