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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/14402
|X-ray diffraction studies on the Pb/Si(111) system
|Gramlich, Michael W.R.
Pb wetting layer
kinetic behavior
quantum size effect
|University of Missouri--Columbia
|This dissertation investigates the structure of the Pb wetting layer on the Si(111)7x7 using X-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that the wetting layer shows a surprising kinetic behavior within the structure over a 200C temperature range. When grown at low temperature (<150C), the wetting layer structure increases its order from an initial deposited structure toward an 8x8 lattice. However, when grown at higher temperatures (>150C), the wetting layer and the Si(111)7x7 transition to a Pb lattice gas on the Si(111)1x1 surface, removing the 7x7 reconstruction. Moreover, the rate of transition also increases with temperature. These kinetic observations resulted in a surface preparation procedure for a stable Pb/Si(111)7x7 wetting layer. The structure of the stable Pb/Si(111)7x7 wetting layer was solved with X-ray scattering. The samples were prepared and studied in ultrahigh vacuum (in-situ) using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source, on the 6IDC beamline. The scattering measurements were a combination of reflectivity, in-plane diffraction, and truncation rod geometries. The structure has two Pb layers along with a modified Si adatom layer. The wetting layer is densely packed, with atoms distributed between bulk Si sites and a lattice of commensurate 8x8 sites. Directly below the wetting layer is a low density, ~6 Pb atom, Pb layer occupying sits directly above Si 7x7 atoms. The 12 atoms in the initial Si 7x7 adatom layer are displaced toward the edges of the unit cell, in the presence of Pb. Moreover, they maintain a 6x6 distance commensurate with the 7x7 unit cell. The structural model proposed here addresses conflicting models that appear in the literature and it solves a long-standing problem that is important to quantum size effect systems.
|Other Identifiers:
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Panasonic Solutions Expo presents technologies, products and solutions for customers, businesses and Cambodia government. The company plans to open an integrated showroom and service centre showcasing B2C and B2B solutions in Phnom Penh and a dedicated service centre in Siem Reap by May 2015.
Panasonic Soutions Expo is the first big scale showcase of the company's full suite of technology, business-to-consumer (B2C) products and business-to-business (B2B) solutions available in Myanmar. The Expo spans across six experiential booths – Corporate Branding, Residential, Energy Solutions, Hotel, Education and Convenience Store – to bring about 'A Better Life, A Better World' for consumers and business partners.
Panasonic Factory Solutions Asia Pacific (Panasonic) announced today its pilot commercial supply of locally-harvested vegetables to Japanese restaurant, Ootoya. The premium Japanese crop varieties, mini red radish; red leafy lettuce; and mizuna (potherb mustard) are cultivated in the country's first licensed indoor vegetable farm with controlled and optimised conditions.
Panasonic Asia Pacific calls for community support in switching to energy efficient products by FY2015, aimed at achieving 8 million tons of CO2 emission reduction; promotes energy technologies and solutions towards the development of smart and sustainable cities; and targets 700,00 tones of CO2 emission reduction through green manufacturing practices.
Panasonic showcased its wireless broadcasting and studio solutions, which included the Varicam HS with variable frame rates to produce extraordinary high-definition imagery; lightweight, wireless and compact handheld camcorder; ultimate photo/vide hybrid Digital Single Lens Mirrorless camera; and high brightness portable LCD and laser projectors with angle free installation capabilities.
Honoured for its green commitments, Panasonic will continue to place people before products and focus on enriching lives around the world by offering eco and smart solutions to contribute to the society's progress and deliver brand promise of creating 'A Better Life, A Better World' for customers and partners.
Contributing actively to environmental sustainability through energy efficient products, comprehensive solutions and innovative green technology
1st October 2013, Singapore - Panasonic Industrial Devices Materials Singapore (PIDMSG) reinforces Panasonic's overseas research and development function with the establishment of its R&D centre for electronic encapsulation materials for semiconductors. The centre is provisionally named the Electronic Materials South Asia R&D Centre.
Panasonic Systems Asia Pacific showcased a wide range of its latest professional products from acquisition to display, at Broadcast Asia, the region's largest integrated show for Pro-AV and broadcast industries.

subset: commoncrawl


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'We still have some ground to make up'
'I think we kind of salvaged something there'
Carl Edwards took home the hardware at Sonoma.
McMurray's speed of 96.350 mph eclipsed Marcos Ambrose's 2012 track qualifying record of 95.262 mph.
Control is an instrument Stewart has successfully applied throughout his racing career.
'The hardest part of road racing is just nailing every corner...'
Road courses are always entertaining for NASCAR stock cars, should they be doing more?
Nathan's famous seven-time World Champion Joey Chestnut makes NASCAR visit
NASCAR driver embraces left and right turns
Home race for the NASCAR Sprint Cup driver
The use of 'ringers' in NASCAR's premier division is not a very common practice anymore.
Juan Pablo Montoya wants another shot at the Brickyard 400 crown and Team Penske is ready to be the team that gives him that chance.
NASCAR returns to Sonoma Raceway June 20-22 for the Toyota/Save Mart 350.
"When our fans leave a race, they're talking about who won, not who scored how many points" - Steve Page
Jeff Burton has found renewed confidence after placing third at Loudon's New Hampshire Motor Speedway.
The result set season team records for Furniture Row Racing -- most top-fives (4) and most top-10s (6).
Mobil 1/Bass Pro Shops driver finishes 28th in first road-course race of season
The age old question...why not run a chase race on a road course? Lets explore.
A look back at Sonoma with Billy Tewes from the Grandstand.
Driving the Michael Waltrip Racing Toyota, Truex Jr. was the one to beat today as he led 51 of the 100 lap race. Gordon finished second when Montoya ran out of fuel and had to coast to the checkered flag.
Earnhardt Ganassi Racing's Jamie McMurray grabbed his second career pole on the road course in Sonoma in his No. 1 Chevrolet
About the only things familiar to Patrick will be the garage area, pit lane and portions of the track.
NASCAR racing on road courses have seen some dramatic moments including the amazing moments when the cars seem to bump and grind their way out of tight spots aka parking lot style.
Favorite for putting him on the map


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May 27, 2015
ASHEVILLE, NC (WVLT)--Eight hundred Invitees attended a birthday celebration Thursday at Asheville's Grove Park Inn.
Reverend Graham was congratulated by many but didn't give a speech; he said he was tired.
Those attending included former President Bill Clinton, Sarah Palin, Donald Trump and Graham's son, Franklin.
The evening began with the debut of a new video of Reverend Graham from his home in nearby Montreat called, "The Cross,"part of Graham's "My Hope America" series. It's considered his last public statement on his faith.
The video is part of a nationwide outreach to 25,000 churches and family groups in sharing the gospel. It highlights Graham's past from crusader to advisor to seven Presidents and includes testimonies from hip hop stars to rock singers.
Graham's message can been seen here on WVLT Friday night from 7 to 7:30 p.m.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Foundational Principles of Hermeneutics Instructor: Amos ben Michael Resources 1 I. Strong's A. Illustrate Strong's 1. Word 2. Numbering System 3. Dictionary 4. Strengths And Weaknesses II. TWOT A. Kept: Gen 26:5 B. What does this word mean? III. Workshop: A. The Reference Genesis 26:5 B. The Word Kept C. The Strongs # 8104 D. The TWOT # 2414 E. The Hebrew Word Shamar: F. Nuances: keep, guard, observe, give heed. 1. Root Shamar: 2. Family (derived words) a) (2414a) shomrâ: guard, watch (Psa 141:3, only). b) (2414b) shemura: eyelid (Psa 77:4, only). c) (2414c) shimmûr: night watch (Exo 12:42, only). d) (2414d) shomrôn Samaria. e) (2414e) ashmûrâ, and ashmoret) night watch. f) (2414f) mishmar guard, guardpost. g) (2414g) mishmeret obligation, service. ENTRIES sh¹mar is used 420 times in the Qal, 37 times in the Niphal, 4 times in Piel and Hithpael. The Akkadian cognate sham¹ru means "wait upon, " "attend to"; the Phoenician, "watch, guard"; the Arabic samara "watch." The closest synonym is n¹ƒar "watch, " "guard, " "keep, " "observe, " which is used in much the same way as sh¹mar. There are other verbs which occasionally overlap one of the uses of sh¹mar, but which are otherwise quite distinct. 1 Macintosh HD:Users:russbeeson:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Saved Attachments:5-T-How to use resources- Heb.doc The basic idea of the root is "to exercise great care over." This meaning can be seen to underlie the various semantic modifications seen in the verb: In combination with other verbs the meaning is "do carefully or diligently". Thus Prov 19:8, "Give heed to understanding"; Deut 11:32, "Be careful to do (i.e. perform carefully) all the statutes and ordinances" and in Num 23:12, speak carefully or faithfully. Secondly it expresses the careful attention to be paid to the obligations of a covenant, to laws, statutes, etc. This is one of the most frequent uses of the verb. Thus in Gen 18:19 Abraham is to command his children to keep the way of the Lord, that is, give careful heed to God's ways (cf. also Exo 20:6; Lev 18:26; Deut 26:16; Ezek 11:20). It should be noted that the observance of God's laws was not to be a matter of theory only or of perfunctory compliance. The expression "to do them" is frequently appended, such as in Ezek 37:24. Proverbs 4:21 states they are to be kept in the heart. Furthermore, the expression is used not only of an obligation to laws, etc., but also to a sacred occupation such as the priesthood (Num 18:7). A third ramification is "take care of, " "guard." This involves keeping or tending to things such as a garden (Gen 2:15), a flock (Gen 30:31), a house (2Sam 15:16). Or it may involve guarding against intruders, etc., such as the cherubim guarding the way to the tree of life in Gen 3:24, or gatekeepers (Isa 21:11) or watchmen (Song 5:7). The same is true with regard to persons. Thus Cain asks, "Am I my brother's keeper?" (Gen 4:9). David frequently speaks of God's care and protection in such passages as Psa 34:20 [H 21 ]; Psa 86:2; Psa 121:3-4, 7, and others. In Job 2:6 God uses sh¹mar in his injunction to Satan not to touch Job's life. Again, David touchingly admonishes Joab, before he enters battle against Absalom to "watch over Absalom for me" in 2Sam 18:12. Frequently the verb is used to speak of personal discipline, the need to take heed in respect to one's life and actions: Psa 39:2 "I will heed my ways"; and Prov 13:3, of guarding the lips. A fourth category is the meaning "regard," "give heed to." It is used of a man's attitude of paying attention to, or reverence for, God or others. Thus in Hos 4:10, Israel has abandoned paying heed to God. Psalm 31:6 [H 7] speaks of those who revere (sh¹mar) vain idols. In another related use, the Psalmist says in Psa 130:3, "If Thou shouldest mark (sh¹mar, truly pay attention to) iniquities, who would stand?" (see also Job 13:27). This may be used in a hostile sense as in 2Sam 11:16, or in an expectant sense, as in Zech 11:11 and Psa 59:9. The last category has to do with "preserving, " "storing up, " such as the anger against Israel which Edom cherishes and preserves (Amos 1:11), or knowledge in Mal 2:7. So also with food in Gen 41:35 and 1Sam 9:24, or anything that is precious (Exo 22:7 [H 6]). Bibliography: Beegle, D. M., "Samaria, " in WBE. Kelso, J., "Samaria, " in ZPEB. Wiseman, D. J., "Samaria, " in NBD. Wright, G. E., "Samaria, " Biblical Archeologist 22:67-78, TDNT, IX, pp. 237-39. THAT, II, pp. 982-86. 2 Macintosh HD:Users:russbeeson:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Saved Attachments:5-T-How to use resources- Heb.doc Foundational Principles of Hermeneutics Instructor: Amos ben Michael Resources - Template IV. Workshop: A. The Reference ____________________________________ B. Word ____________________________________ C. The Strongs # ____________________________________ D. The TWOT # ____________________________________ E. The Hebrew/Greek Word ____________________________________ F. Nuances: ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, Etc. 1. Root ___________________________________ 2. Family (related words) a) _________________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________ c) _________________________________________________ d) _________________________________________________ e) _________________________________________________ f) _________________________________________________ g) _________________________________________________ h) _________________________________________________ 3 Macintosh HD:Users:russbeeson:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Saved Attachments:5-T-How to use resources- Heb.doc
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About the Situation
By the Numbers
More than 34 million people live in Iraq
23% of the people in Iraq live below the poverty line
More than 2 Million are displaced
(Sources: World Bank, United Nations)
Decades of political instability have affected Iraq's economy, infrastructure, employment and social programs.
Important strides have been made in improving socio-economic issues and reducing food insecurity in recent years. Yet the United Nations reports that nearly 1 in 4 Iraqis live in poverty, and some local officials maintain that poverty is much more widespread than that.
The situation for many people deteriorated sharply in 2014. The United Nations reported more than 12,000 people killed and 23,000 injured that year—the highest number of casualties since the violence of 2006-2007. More than 2 million people are displaced from their homes, according to the United Nations, and more than 5 million were in need of humanitarian aid at the beginning of 2015.
How Islamic Relief is Helping
Islamic ReliefTM has been working in Iraq since 1997. In 2003, Islamic Relief Iraq opened in Baghdad for the maintenance and oversight of long-term programs. In times of emergency and turmoil, relief teams have been quick to get health kits to hospitals and health centers treating thousands of injured. Islamic Relief teams have also distributed food rations to help alleviate hunger during times of instability.
Here's a breakdown of some programs Islamic Relief USA are supporting in Iraq:
This effort aims to provide some 4,500 individuals in Erbil (northern Iraq) with four monthly distributions of vital items, including food packages with chicken and beef canned meat, tomato paste, vegetable oil, rice, lentils, sugar, powdered milk, milk for babies, dates, tea and more. The program will also provide hygiene kits containing items such as soap, detergent, antiseptic solution, tooth brushes and paste, towels, sanitary napkins, and baby diapers.
Here are photos taken by Islamic Relief teams in the field in Iraq.


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Gnanasekar T | , Comtrades
Questions Answered
vinod_kumar9: Sir, gm. How do you see yesterdays Fed announcement on bonds to impact gold and silver.
mumbai.com: hello sir, how r u? do yoy think gold will reach 25000 in near term? can one accumulate gold at this level?
rnp_111: where do you see support for silver? Thanks
vishaljain002: Sir, whats your view on silver at Ts 53000/-. Previously it made a low of Rs 48000/- before climbing to Rs 64000/- levels from where it has fallen. Where do you finda bounce back in silver? Also, please advice regarding the target and timeframe. Thanks.
mahavir_1008: hello sir, at what levels can one buy gold or silver
vishaljain002: Please advice regarding the investment levels for gold along with the target and timeframe. Thanks.
vishaljain002: Can silver ever cross the Rs 70000/- mark which it hit a few years back?
pfaisalkhan: which is the best agri commodity to invest in for the next six months
sammin22: can one short gold @ 1767 for a tgt of 1735-26? and silver @ cmp for a tgtr of 27.5? and crude for a tgt og 90$
symantec: How does gold look to you? Shall one consider investing into Gold ETFs at current level?
video of the day
PSU stocks may give 30-40%; like mid-cap pharma: Dimensions
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text:
Landeskog takes over as leader of the Avalanche
ENGLEWOOD, Colo. (AP)
Just a season ago, Gabriel Landeskog was a rookie trying to fit in.
Now, he's the youngest captain in NHL history and hoping to help the Colorado Avalanche snap a two-season playoff drought. The talented forward is following in some pretty big footsteps of Avalanche leaders before him, names like Joe Sakic, Adam Foote and current teammate Milan Hejduk.
But he's not too worried about that because, ''all I can be is Gabe,'' he said.
Given the length of the lockout, Landeskog had extra time to prepare for his new responsibilities. Only, he really didn't do anything special. There were no leadership classes or seminars on how to manage people.
No, he realizes the only way his teammates will follow him is if he keeps working hard and scoring goals.
And there, the 20-year-old should have little trouble. He's always one of the last players off the ice at practice and that spills over to game day, where he won the Calder Trophy last season after a year in which he scored 22 goals and had 30 assists.
''I don't know if I've ever had a captain that young. I guess no one has,'' defenseman Erik Johnson said, chuckling. ''But it doesn't change anything. Your captain is usually your best player. He doesn't have to be Mr. Vocal in the locker room; we have a lot of other guys for that.
''So (Landeskog) just has to do what he's been doing - being a good hockey player and one of our hardest workers and best players. When he does that, leadership takes care of itself.''
The shortened season may actually be a benefit for the youthful Avalanche, especially since games will be so tightly packed together. Fatigue? Hardly a worry with this group, they could skate forever. A grind? Nah, they're just anxious to be back.
''We just have to play the right way,'' defenseman Shane O'Brien said. ''When we play fast, from north-to-south, we can play with anyone. It's time for us to take the next step. There's no reason we can't be a playoff team. Anything less will be a huge failure.''
Defenseman Greg Zanon, who is sporting a scruffy beard that began as somewhat of a protest against the lockdown, thinks this team has the makeup to be a contender. Then again, at this time of year - actually in October, when teams usually begin - everyone thinks this is the season. Especially after what happened with the Los Angeles Kings last season, when they barely squeezed into the playoffs and ended up hoisting the Stanley Cup.
''Once teams get in there, anything can happen,'' Johnson said.
It all starts with a reliable goaltender and the Avalanche feel like they have two in youngster Semyon Varlamov and the veteran Jean-Sebastien Giguere.
''There's no doubt we have tons of confidence in both of them,'' Johnson said.
In the offseason, the Avalanche added some scoring punch by bringing in P.A. Parenteau and John Mitchell. To begin the season, Parenteau will be on the same line as Landeskog and Matt Duchene.
''We have a little bit of everything on that line,'' said Parenteau, who had 67 points for the New York Islanders last season. ''Landy is a well-rounded player. Dutchy brings a lot of speed. Me? I like to pass the puck. Hopefully, we can make things happen.''
If only the Avs could make something happen with restricted free-agent center Ryan O'Reilly, who led the team in scoring last season. He's playing overseas until a deal can be worked out.
''We can't worry about who's not here and just who is,'' Duchene said. ''We're all links in the chain and have to be strong so we can win.
''We've got a great group here. But it's whoever gets out of the gate the fastest. First five games, if you win three, you're right where you want to be. You can't have a lull. If you have a tough start, it's going to be over pretty quick.''
It's Landeskog's task to make sure everyone is on point beginning opening night on Saturday in Minnesota. He inherited the ''C'' on his sweater from Hejduk, who came back for another season but told the team he wanted to relinquish his role and be an assistant captain along with Paul Stastny.
So the team turned to Landeskog, naming him captain in September when he was 19 years, 286 days. According to the team, that makes him the youngest leader in NHL history, 11 days younger than Sidney Crosby was when he took over as captain of the Pittsburgh Penguins on May 31, 2007.
''All through last year, I was playing without pressure,'' Landeskog said. ''This year, I've got to step up and be even better.''
The Avs are counting on that.
''He's a 20-year-old kid, but he certainly plays like he's been in the league a long time,'' coach Joe Sacco said. ''He's in great shape, very fit, plays hard, plays with energy, plays hurt. He's well-respected by his teammates.
''Those are the qualities we're looking for.''
Follow Pat Graham on Twitter: http://twitter.com/pgraham34
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text:
Ben Sherman Neckwear
Box Neat Tie
- Color:
- navy/blue
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Share This Item: Email
Description: Handmade silk tie
- Back keep loop and logo ribbon
- Contrast interlining
- 2¾" at widest point
Material: 100% silk
Care: Professionally clean
Brand: Ben Sherman Neckwear
Origin: Imported


text:
Ciguatera Poisoning Center - Provo, UT
WebMD Physician Directory
Provo, Utah
Ciguatera Poisoning
What is ciguatera poisoning?
Ciguatera is a type of food poisoning. The ciguatera toxin may be found in large reef fish, most commonly barracuda, grouper, red snapper, eel, amberjack, sea bass, and Spanish mac...!--*ICCChunk-4654*-->
Other Related Ciguatera Poisoning Articles
Emergency Contact for Provo
Nearby Provo Hospitals *
Utah Valley Regional Med Ctr
Utah State Hospital
Provo Canyon School
Orem Community Hospital
Timpanogos Regional Hospital
American Fork Hospital
Mountain View Hospital
Heber Valley Medical Center
Alta View Hospital
Riverton Hospital
Healthsouth Rehabilitation Hosp
Jordan Valley Medical Center
Highland Ridge Hospital
Copper Hills Youth Center
Orthopedic Specialty Hospital
Intermountain Medical Center
Saint Mark's Hospital
*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


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Will The FDA Whitewash Electroconvulsive Therapy?
Dr. Peter Breggin | Posted 05.25.2011 | Home
Read More: Mental Health, Psychiatry, Psychiatric-Therapy, Child Mental Health, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Ect, Home News
For decades the FDA has allowed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to be used without requiring any proof of safety or efficacy. The machines and the tre...
If psychiatry is to help patients make knowledgeable choices about their treatment, it will need to rebrand in a way that makes sense not just to the mental health community, but to the public.


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Arma III Developers Arrested In Greece For 'Spying' 162
from the game-developers-make-the-best-secret-agents dept.
Greece often arrests people for taking photos of things which may have some public security interest. They arrest plane spotters from time to time and it sometimes reaches the British news.
It's not really very interesting except to note that photography isn't really a fundamental human right and, outside the US and to a lesser extent the UK, you need to mind local law. If the business concerned didn't even do this little bit of research then I question how good the game is going to be - but the gap between reality and fantasy gets ever wider.
Truly a lack of intuition.
I spent an entire summer plotting out routes of houses to photograph based on an old database of the trees that were sold there 15+ years ago as I was building a photo library of mature trees and large shrubs.
This has nothing to to do with any sort of military installation and I thought it was pretty straightforward that I would knock of the doors, identify myself (many times it was still the same owners from 15+ years ago and they were delighted to see me), and ask permission.
Why the hell would you go to another country and take photographs of military facilities? That is just a complete lapse of judgement.
The Force is what holds everything together. It has its dark side, and it has its light side. It's sort of like cosmic duct tape.


text:
Bosco Shampoo is specially formulated for normal to oily hair. Contains ingredients to aid in oil absorbtion, purifying and promoting scalp health. Leaves hair feeling clean without stripping. Wheat proteins help repair damage to hair.
My whole family has oily hair and this really works.
Apply to wet hair. Lather. Rinse thoroughly. Follow with Terax Original Crema Conditioner.
This product can be shipped to any country to which SkinStore currently ships.
There are no restrictions on the delivery of this item - you may elect to have this item sent Next Day, 2 Day, or through our standard delivery method.


text:
Spain's rise has a touch of Dutch
Netherlands vs. Spain
When: Today, 11:30 a.m.
Where: Soccer City Stadium | Johannesburg, South Africa
On the air: Channel 10, Univision, Televisa
Referee: Howard Webb (England)
NETHERLANDS vs. SPAIN
Referee: Howard Webb, England. The former policeman is about the only referee left whom FIFA trusts, also having worked the UEFA Champions League final in May. He's had three World Cup matches here, including Switzerland's 1-0 upset of Spain. He has yet to issue a red card or a penalty kick in South Africa.
How they got here: The Netherlands has not lost or tied, winning all three group matches and three more in the knockout stage. The biggie was a 2-1 victory against Brazil after trailing 1-0 at the half, but otherwise the Dutch have had the easier route to the final — also playing Denmark, Japan, Cameroon, Slovakia and Uruguay. Spain is trying to become the first team to win a World Cup after losing its opener (to Switzerland). The Spanish won their next five against Honduras, Chile, Portugal, Paraguay and Germany. All three wins in the knockout stage have been 1-0.
All-time series: In a combined 92 World Cup games, they have yet to meet. In other games, the Dutch have won four, lost three and tied one.
World Cup history: The Dutch have reached the final twice before, in 1974 and 1978, losing both. Spain is in its first final, meaning an eighth team will join the exclusive club of World Cup champions (Brazil, Italy, Argentina, Uruguay, Germany, England and France).
Coaches: Bert van Marwijk is Dutch and Vicente del Bosque is Spanish, so the streak of a World Cup never having been won by a foreign coach will continue.
Netherlands outlook: Their greatest attributes have been unity and patience, and midfielder Wesley Sneijder. In the past, it went like this for the Oranje: The team would be torn apart by infighting, and the back line would be exposed by midfielders surging forward with abandon. But this team has kept the egos in check, and it has picked its spots in the attack. The big problem today will be possession, or lack of it. The game figures to resemble Spain's semifinal against Germany, where the Germans spent most of the game chasing the ball. Also, goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg likely will be called on to make some big saves, as he did against Brazil in the quarterfinals.
Spain outlook: La Furia Roja (The Red Fury) will do what it has all tournament — control the ball and either frustrate or fatigue its opponent into a mistake. How loaded is Spain? You can make an argument it has the world's three best creative midfielders in Barcelona's Xavi Hernandez and Andres Iniesta, and Arsenal's Cesc Fabregas — and Fabregas doesn't even start. Del Bosque showed he's not just rolling out the balls when he benched Fernando Torres, maybe their most recognizable player, in favor of the inexperienced Pedro Rodriguez in the semis. As potent as David Villa and the rest of the attack is, the unsung heroes are holding midfielders Sergio Busquets and Xabi Alonso along with the back line, which shut out a German team that had scored eight goals in its previous two games.
Quotable: "We won every qualifying game, every game here. We are not going to allow that Spain beats us now." — Sneijder.
Prediction: Hard to go against Paul the Psychic Octopus, who lives at the Sea Life aquarium in Oberhausen, Germany, and successfully predicted all seven German games by choosing a mussel in a see-through box adorned with a team's flag — and is picking Spain today. This should be a tight, taut, tactical game, but Spain prevails 2-0.


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Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopes are used in conjunction with FTIR spectroscopy to allow visualization of a sample as an analysis of its components is being done. FTIR microscopes are used in manufacturing for quality control, failure analysis, and reverse engineering and is used in material, forensic, and environmental sciences for surface analysis. As the sample goes through the FTIR spectroscopy, it can be visualized using the microscope inside the spectrometer. The FTIR microscope allows analysis of much smaller samples than FTIR spectroscopy alone, but the sample size can still vary from one FTIR microscope to another. Others features that can differ include fully versus partially automatic and the ability to capture and store images or videos of the samples as the analysis occurs.
Note: Labcompare disclaims any information on this site.


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Monday, January 01, 1900
The date of this episode is unknown so we've filled it in with a placeholder.
Somewhat raw, live report from the floor of the Parke-Bernet (57th and Madison) auction house on benefit auction of loot taken from Nazi operatives, itself property of people prosecuted by the Nazi regime. The proceedings benefit the International Refugee Organization of the United Nations.
WNYC archives id: 74039
Hosted by:Parke-Bernet Galleries
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Olivia Munn (born Lisa Olivia Munn) is a American actress and TV personality. She is better known as former co-host of G4's ''AttackOfTheShow'' with Kevin Pereira, where much of the show was dedicated to her comedic antics, not to mention her MsFanservice moments. She left G4 in 2010, for a correspondent position at ''Series/TheDailyShow'', which was her breakout into the mainstream and started garnering more prominent acting roles.
It's also worth noting opinions on her are [[LoveItOrHateIt highly divisive]] in regard to her image and "authenticity," mainly due to her sexy image and whether or not she's a [[OneOfUs geek.]] But she does have an awareness of the controversy and usually plays to it occasionally.
In 2012 she was cast as financial analyst Sloan Sabbith in ''Series/TheNewsroom'', the new {{Creator/HBO}} series written and produced by Creator/AaronSorkin. In 2016, she be portraying ComicBook/{{Psylocke}} in ''Film/XMenApocalypse''.
Also known for jumping into a giant pie in a sexy maid outfit.
!!Notable Films/TV Shows
* ''Beyond The Break'' (2006)
* ''AttackOfTheShow'' (co-host, 2006-2010)
* ''Big Stan'' (2007)
* ''Film/{{Greek}}'' (2009)
* ''Insanitarium'' (2009)
* ''Film/TheSlamminSalmon'' (2009)
* ''Series/TheDailyShow'' (2010-2011)
* ''Film/PerfectCouples'' (2010)
* ''Film/DateNight'' (2010)
* ''Film/IronMan2'' (2010)
* ''I Don't Know How She Does It'' (2011)
* ''Series/TheNewsroom'' (2012)
* ''Film/MagicMike'' (2012)
* ''Film/DeliverUsFromEvil'' (2014)
!!Tropes associated with this actress include:
* {{Adorkable}}: [[http://youtu.be/xI3k0bjErrs It shows]] [[http://youtu.be/srAd0CWMi64 in some]] of ''AttackOfTheShow'' skits.
* ButNotTooForeign: She is of Chinese and American heritage. Though during her recent visit to Singapore to promote ''Series/TheNewsroom'', she has admitted to growing up frustrated with having "more Chinese eyes, ... brown hair."
* DeadpanSnarker: Her preferred comic style.
* {{Gasshole}} [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH6sgGP4qbs&p (0:37)]]
* IronyAsSheIsCast: Munn has been a sex symbol for a while, but the character she plays on ''Series/TheNewsroom'' is reluctant to be MsFanservice.
* {{Malaproper}}: [[http://youtu.be/ZG9Wt2tXHAQ "McHammer."]]
* MsFanservice: And ''how''. This actually led to a mini-controversy when she was hired on ''Series/TheDailyShow'' since she doesn't have a background in comedy and it was perceived she was only hired for [[MaleGaze eye candy.]]
* OneOfUs[=/=]GamerChick: People will debate this until they're blue in the face, but yes Olivia Munn does have ''some'' geek/gamer cred. Her biography ''Suck It, Wonder Woman!'' details that she played video games as a kid, she can assemble [=PCs=], and likes ''Franchise/StarWars.'' Also, in her biography she says she always felt kinship towards geeks since she was a socially awkward child.
* SheReallyCanAct: Between the hot dog swallowing, pie-jumping and sexy cosplay, people forget that Olivia Munn is first and foremost, an ''actress''. Her role as Sloan Sabbith in ''Series/TheNewsroom'' has [[http://cartermatt.com/27930/the-newsroom-review-olivia-munns-finest-work-ever/ made critics sit up]] [[http://www.avclub.com/articles/bullies,82876/ and take notice]].
* WhyDidItHaveToBeSnakes: She's afraid of [[http://youtu.be/JPNJbgJjzO0 balloons.]]


text:
A probe for a surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrometer includes a member of optically transmissive material for receiving the excitation radiation from a laser and for carrying the radiation emitted from a specimen to a detector. An end of the member for placing against the specimen has a coating that produces surface enhancement of the specimen during Raman scattering spectroscopic analysis. Specifically the coating is formed by a first layer of microparticles on the member and a metal layer over the first layer. The first layer may form a microstructure surface over which a metal layer is applied. Alternatively the coating may be a material containing microparticles of a metal. An optional layer of a material may be applied to the metal layer to concentrate onto the probe compounds of analytical interest onto the probe.
1. A probe for a surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrometer which has a source of excitation radiation and a detector for radiation emitted from a specimen being examined, the probe comprising:
a member of optically transmissive material for receiving the excitation radiation from the source and for carrying the radiation emitted from the specimen to the detector, the member having an end for placing against to the specimen;
a layer of optically transmissive material coated on the end of the member with the coating having a microstructured surface with protrusions; and
metal material applied to the layer of optically transmissive material for producing surface enhancement of the specimen during Raman scattering spectroscopic analysis.
2. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the member comprises an optical fiber.
3. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the end of the member is shaped to form a lens system.
4. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the end of the member is tapered.
5. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the metal material comprises metal particles between a one nanometer and one micrometer in size.
6. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the protrusions are between one nanometer and one micrometer high.
7. The probe as recited in claim 6 wherein the optically transmissive material is a polymer.
8. The probe as recited in claim 6 wherein the metal material comprises a layer of metal applied over the coating of optically transmissive material.
9. The probe as recited in claim 6 wherein the metal material comprises metal particles embedded the layer of optically transmissive material.
10. The probe as recited in claim 9 wherein the metal material is selected from the group consisting of alumina and titania.
11. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the metal material comprises a layer of a metal having a thickness of substantially no greater than 100 nm, thereby producing islands of metal at the end of the member of optically transmissive material.
12. The probe as recited in claim 11 wherein the layer of metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, nickel, copper and cadmium.
13. The probe as recited in claim 1 further comprising a bioreceptor layer applied to the end of the member to concentrate onto the probe compounds to be analyzed spectroscopically.
14. The probe as recited in claim 1 further comprising a layer of a material applied to the end of the member to concentrates onto the probe compounds to be analyzed spectroscopically.
15. The probe as recited in claim 14 wherein the a layer of a material is selected from the group consisting of a polymer, an antibody, a protein, an enzyme, a nucleic acid and a molecular imprint material.
16. The probe as recited in claim 1 further comprising a sleeve of a material that is transparent to the excitation radiation wherein the sleeve removably extends around the end of the member, and the metal material is applied to the sleeve.
17. The probe as recited in claim 1 further comprising a removably coupling for attaching the member to an optical fiber.
18. The probe as recited in claim 1 wherein the member has an end surface that is beveled with a reflective material applied thereto, and the coating is applied to a side surface of the member through which the excitation radiation is reflected by the reflective material.
This invention was made with government support under contract DE-AC05-960R22464 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy to Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation, and the United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for non-invasive techniques to detect diseases and for drug testing, to Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Normal Raman spectroscopy relates to the scattering of light from a gas, liquid or solid with a shift in wavelength from that of the usually monochromatic incident radiation. Upon irradiation of a molecule with light in biological applications, the incident radiation having a frequency ν should produce scattered radiation, the most intense part of which has unchanged frequency. In addition, if the polarization of a molecule changes as it rotates or vibrates, there are spectral lines of much lesser intensity at frequencies ν�νk, where νk is the molecular frequency of rotation or vibration.
Laser-induced fluorescence techniques have been used for cancer diagnosis. Normal Raman spectroscopy (NRS) also has been suggested as an alternate biomedical diagnostic tool since the Raman signals can provide complementary spectral information. However, Raman spectroscopy has several limitations. Intensity of the Raman signal is intrinsically weak and interference from the fluorescence signal is a major problem for the weak signals. In addition weak Raman signals often require sophisticated Fourier transform processing which requires relatively expensive equipment. The requirement of high-power lasers, present potential hazards for in vivo measurements, even with Fourier transform processing.
Fleischmann et al. first reported strongly enhanced Raman scattering from pyridine molecules adsorbed on silver electrode surfaces that had been roughened electrochemically by oxidation-reduction cycles (Chem. Phys. Lett. 26, 163, 1974). This increase in Raman signal, originally attributed to a high surface density produced by the roughening of the surface of electrodes, was later identified by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne (J. Electroanal. Chem. 84, 1, 1977) and independently by Albrecht and Creighton (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 5215, 1977) as a direct result of a surface enhancement process, hence the term surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. In spite of extensive basic research in the 1970's, SERS started to become a useful and practical analytical technique only in the mid-1980's. Vo-Dinh and coworkers first reported the general applicability of SERS as an analytical technique for a variety of chemicals including several homocyclic and heterocyclic polyaromatic compounds on cellulose-based substrates covered with silver-coated microspheres, (T. Vo-Dinh, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, in Chemical Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1989; and T. Vo-Dinh, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, in Photonic Probes of Surfaces, Elsevier, New York, 1995). The origin of the enormous Raman enhancement appears to come from the results of several electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms. The observed Raman scattering signals for the adsorbed molecules were found to be more than a million times larger than those expected from gas phase molecules or from non-adsorbed compounds. These enormous enhancement factors, which help compensate for the normally weak Raman scattering process, open new horizons to the Raman technique.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques enhance the Raman signal up to 108 fold. Extensive efforts have been devoted to determining and investigating sources of that enhancement. There are at least two major types of mechanisms that contribute to the SERS effect: a) an electromagnetic effect associated with large local fields caused by electromagnetic resonances occurring near metal surface structures, and b) a chemical effect involving a scattering process associated with chemical interactions between the molecule ans the metal surface.
Although SERS techniques have been used for biochemical analysis, there has been no previous works on SERS-based techniques and instrument for in situ and in vivo biomedical diagnosis and drug testing. Perhaps this is because there are several problems associated with the use of SERS in biomedical applications. Until now, the SERS approaches, which use electrode systems or silver sol media, involve only in vitro samples and do not allow in vivo analysis.
A general object of the present invention is to provide a surface-enhanced Raman medical (SERMED) diagnostic instrument and method, which increases the Raman emission of tissues due to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect.
Another object is to provide a SERMED diagnostic instrument for in situ and in vivo analysis.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a SERMED diagnostic instrument which decreases interference due to the electromagnetic damping effect and does not require high-power excitation lasers.
These and other objectives are satisfied by a probe for a surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrometer which includes a member of optically transmissive material for receiving the excitation radiation from a source and for carrying the radiation emitted from a specimen to a detector. An end of the probe for placing against the specimen has a coating that produces surface enhancement of the specimen during Raman scattering spectroscopic analysis. Specifically the coating is formed by a first layer of microparticles on the member and a metal layer over the first layer. Preferably, the first layer is formed by particles of alumina, while the second layer may be formed of silver, gold, nickel, copper or cadmium. An optional layer of a material may be applied to the metal layer to concentrate onto the probe compounds of analytical interest onto the probe.
In another embodiment, the probe comprises material having a microstructured surface with a metal layer thereon. Yet another embodiment provides a probe formed of a material with embedded metal nano-particles. In any of the aforementioned embodiments, an optional layer of a material may be applied to the metal layer or material with embedded metal nano-particles to concentrate onto the probe compounds of analytical interest onto the probe.
The present probe for a SERMED diagnostic instrument has particular suitability for in situ and in vivo analysis for disease diagnosis and drug testing as describe subsequently.
FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) instrument for medical applications;
FIGS. 1B-1D graphically depict the timing of several events during the operation of the SERS instrument using a time-resolved method;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a SERS instrument using a phase-resolved method;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of a spectral imaging SERS instrument;
FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate various versions of a first embodiment of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate two versions of a third embodiment of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIG. 7 illustrates a fourth embodiment of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIG. 8 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIG. 9 illustrates a sixth embodiment of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C illustrate other embodiments of a probe for the SERMED apparatus;
FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a SERMED probe inserted in a needle for delivery an organ being examined;
FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a SERMED probe with side excitation and emission;
FIGS. 13A and 13B show the SERS spectrum and NRS spectrum respectively of a homogenized sample of rat heart tissue;
FIGS. 14A and 14B show the SERS spectrum and NRS spectrum respectively of a homogenized sample of rat stomach tissue;
FIGS. 15A and 15B show the SERS spectrum and NRS spectrum respectively of a homogenized sample of rat kidney tissue;
FIGS. 16A and 16B show SERS spectra of rat tumor samples respectively using argon ion laser excitation and krypton ion laser excitation;
FIG. 17 illustrates the results of SERMED analysis to identify and quantify cholesterol;
FIG. 18 illustrates SERMED analysis results to identify and quantify glucose for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes;
FIG. 19 shows results of SERMED analysis to identify and quantify insulin for monitoring diabetics;
FIG. 20 graphically depicts the results of SERMED analysis to identify and quantify NADH;
FIG. 21 illustrates SERMED analysis to identify and quantify lactic acid;
FIG. 22 depicts SERMED analysis results that identify and quantify FAD;
FIG. 23 demonstrates the use of a SERMED system for in vivo analysis of skin tissues;
FIG. 24 illustrates the SERS spectra of finger tips of tobacco users;
FIG. 25 illustrates the of SERS spectra of finger tips of non-tobacco users; and
FIG. 26 shows the SERS peak characteristic of nicotine.
With reference to FIG. 1A, the basic components of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering medical (SERMED) instrument 10 comprise a monochromatic excitation source 12, a dispersive element 14, a photometric detector 16 and a probe 18. Since the SERS signal is much stronger than the NRS signal and often at a higher frequency than the laser-scattered stray light, the monochromators and related optical instrumentation for SERMED do not need to be sophisticated and costly.
The excitation light source 12 is a laser, such as a argon ion laser with 514 nm excitation, or a krypton ion laser with 647 nm excitation. However helium neon, diode and other types of lasers also can be used with other excitation wavelengths. Laser excitation sources may be selected by the frequencies that can be matched to the surface plasmon resonance frequencies and/or electronic absorption of the compound of interest (resonance Raman effect) in order to take advantage of maximum enhancement. Light from one or several lasers may be used in a multi-photon excitation mode to irradiate the sample. The SERS emission from the sample is collected using a SERMED probe, transmitted through appropriate optics and focused onto the entrance slit of a dispersive element
The output of the laser 12 is coupled by a lens 22 to an input optical fiber 24 that leads to the input of a beam splitter 26. The laser radiation is passed through an optical bandpass filter 28 to reject unwanted plasma lines before passing through the beam splitter. The radiation from the laser exiting the beam splitter enters one end of a probe optical fiber 30 which has another end connected to probe 18.
The probe 18 directs the laser radiation toward the biological specimen 32 being examined and receives return radiation that has been reflected and scatted by that specimen. The return radiation travels from the probe 18 through the probe optical fiber 30 and beam splitter 26 into a detector optical fiber 34. The detector optical fiber 34 is coupled by a lens 36 to the input of the dispersive element 14 that has an output connected to the photometric detector 16. The SERMED diagnostic instrument 10 may be a single channel instrument in that all of the return radiation is focused onto a single detector element or it may be a multi-channel instrument. With reference to FIG. 1A, the single channel instrument uses a monochromator as the dispersive element 14 and a photomultiplier as the detector 16. A multi-channel detector, such as a charge coupled device (CCD), or a photodiode array (PDA) equipped with a polychromator can also be employed to record and analyze the Raman spectrum. A photomultiplier equipped with an acousto-optic tunable filter or a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) also can be employed to select and analyze the Raman emission from the specimen 32.
The basic SERMED diagnostic instrument 10 shown in FIG. 1A can be modified to provide time-resolved detection. This variation employs a pulsed laser and a gated detector 16 both of which are controlled by a synchronizer. The synchronizer 38 issues a control signal to the laser 16 which responds by emitting a radiation pulse as shown graphically in FIG. 1B. This excites the specimen 32 to produce a Raman response 37 and fluorescence response 38 as depicted in FIG. 1C. At the same time, the synchronizer 38 issues a control signal which enables the detector 16 for a period of time 39 that forms a detection window as illustrated in FIG. 1D. In this embodiment, the analysis time is synchronized with the laser excitation because the Raman scattering process is very fast, instantaneous with respect to laser excitation. The slower (nanosecond) fluorescence emission of the sample can be therefore discriminated, i.e. gated out.
Another discrimination technique, referred to as phase resolution, is employed by the SERMED instrument shown in FIG. 2. This phase-resolved SERMED device 40 is equipped with an intensity modulated laser source, such as by placing an electro-optic modulator 41 between laser 12 and the lens 22 at the input to the input optical fiber 24. A detector 16 also is incorporated. Both the modulator 41 and the detector 16 are controlled by a lock-in amplifier 42. In this embodiment, mode-lock detection allows discrimination against fluorescence, thus improving the detection of the SERS signal.
A multi-channel, surface-enhanced Raman scattering instrument 44 shown in FIG. 3 acquires an two dimensional array of Raman spectra, which in addition to being processed as in the single channel version, also produce a Raman image of the specimen being examined. This configuration, referred to as a spectral imaging SERMED instrument, uses an AOTF 61 interfaced to a multi-channel detector 68, such as a vidicon, a photodiode array, a charge coupled device (CCD) or charge injection device (CID).
In the spectral imaging SERMED instrument 40, the radiation from laser 45 passes through a lens 46, a bandpass filter 47 and then into a beam splitter 48. The radiation then travels to a probe 52 through an optical cable 50 that comprises a bundle of optical fibers in a two-dimensional matrix. The radiation from the specimen 54 being examined travels back through the probe 52 and optical cable 50 to the beam splitter 48. The return radiation exits beam splitter 48 and passes through a holographic notch filter 56 and imaging lenses 58. An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) 60 with optical polarizer 62 receives the return radiation from the imaging lenses 58. The unrefracted beam 64 emerging from the AOTF 60 strikes a beam blocker 65 while the refracted beam 66 from the AOTF 60 is received by a two-dimensional image detector 68, such as a charge coupled device (CCD) imager. The image detector 68 is controlled by a driver 70 which supplies the image data to a personal computer 72 that collects, processes and displays the image data. The personal computer 72 also drives the power supply 67 of acousto-optic tunable filter 60. In the spectral imaging of FIG. 3, a spectrum of every pixel in an image can be recorded. The acousto-optic tunable filter based system using a coherent optical fiber bundle probe allows SERS biomedical imaging.
An alternative detection technique uses the method of Fourier transform Raman to improve the sensitivity of the detection, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) or infrared (IR) range where the optical detection sensitivity in detector noise limited.
With reference to FIGS. 4A-4C, a preferred embodiment of the in vivo probe 18 includes a section of an 600 μm diameter silica optical fiber 80 with the plastic jacket and cladding 82 removed at one end 84, exposing a 1.0 cm section of bare silica fiber. The probe in FIG. 4B has exposed end forms a concave lens tip 85 and the probe in Figure C has a convex lens tip 87. The bare silica end 84 is cleaned and rinsed using dilute nitric acid, water and ethanol and then polished using alumina polishing sheets (0.5-μm grain). The tip is then dipped into a five percent aqueous suspension of microparticles 86 (e.g., alumina particles from Baikowski International) for a few seconds. Alumina appears to be one of the most efficient materials for the production of SERS-active substrates. One important advantage of alumina over Teflon (trademark E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) or latex microspheres is its relative low cost. This important feature has made alumina a promising material for SERS-active substrate development and most suitable for practical applications. The reproducibility of alumina-based SERS substrates is excellent; the relative standard deviation was found to be less than five percent.
The fiber tip is allowed to dry and then is placed in a vacuum evaporation system where a silver coating 88 is applied. The rate of silver deposition is approximately 0.15 nm/sec at 2�10-6 Torr to produce a silver coating having a thickness of 100 nm.
In another embodiment of a probe shown in FIG. 4D, the alumina dipping procedure is not required. In this case, the silver coating 89 has a thickness of 100 nm or less, such that the silver film consists of small islands.
In any of the versions of the probe 18 shown in FIGS. 4A-4D, the silver coating may replaced by another metal capable of inducing the SERS effect. Examples of such metals are gold, nickel, copper and cadmium.
In another embodiment shown in FIG. 5, comprises a probe 18 with a tapered tip 90. The tapered tip 90 is prepared, and drawn from a 60-μm diameter silica optical fiber 92 down to a desired diameter (e.g., 1.0 μm or less) using a fiber drawing device, such as one available from Sutter Industries. A layer 94 of microparticles, such as alumina, is applied to the fiber tip 90 before the tip is coated with a silver layer 96. The tapered tip 90 allows measurements for small samples and provide alternative excitation/emission geometry.
A further embodiment of a SERMED probe includes a tip sleeve designed to be disposable in order to avoid cross contamination. With reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B the exposed end 100 of the optical fiber 102 may be cut straight across, concave or tapered. The exposed end 100 then is inserted into a removable cup-like tip sleeve 104 of a light transmissive material, such as a plastic or a polymer. The tip sleeve 104 has an outer surface with microparticle and metal layers 106 and 108 applied thereto. As an option, a liquid 109 with matching index of refraction can be used at the connector to minimize transmission loss from the fiber 18 to the disposable tip sleeve 104.
As depicted in FIG. 7 the SERMED probe 18 can be formed by a disposable tip cap 110 to avoid cross contamination. The tip cap 110 comprises a tip 112 of optical fiber material with an end that has the desired shape, a tapered tip is illustrated. The end of the tip 112 is coated with layers 114 of microparticles and silver. A removable tubular coupling 116 attaches the tip 112 to the exposed end of the optical fiber 30. An optional liquid 118 with matching index of refraction may be applied between the tip 112 and the optical fiber 30.
With reference to FIG. 8, the SERMED probe 18 is coated by with a polymer coating 120 that concentrate specific compounds of interest onto the probe for improved sensitivity. In this version, microparticle and silver layers 121 and 122 are applied to the exposed end of the optical fiber 30. The polymer coatings 120 is applied over these layers 121 and 122.
As shown in FIG. 9 yet another probe embodiment 124 has a coating of a bioreceptor, such as an antibody of a compound of interest, a protein, an enzyme, a nucleic acid, a cell, a synthetic biological entities, or a molecular imprint material designed to concentrate specific compounds of interest onto the probe for improved sensitivity. Molecular imprint materials are well known and comprise a synthetic material designed with specific geometric contours in order to recognize chemical or biological species. In this embodiment, the microparticle and silver layers are covered by the bioreceptor coating 126.
Alternatively where any of the previously described SERMED probes has to be in contact with or close to the tissue or samples to be examined may have a protective and biocompatible coating 128 as seen in FIG. 10A.
Alternatively where any of the previously described SERMED probes employ a microparticle layer, the surface of the probe 30 can be fabricated with a microstructured surface 129 using preformed molding fabrication or a layer of coating of optically transmissive material. In this case shown in FIG. 10B, the microstructured surface has protrusions projecting therefrom for a distance between one nanometer and one micrometer. A metal coating 127 is evaporated directly onto the microstructured surface without requiring nanoparticles of alumina.
In another embodiment shown in FIG. 10C, the SERMED probe 30 comprises material, such as a polymer, plastic or gel, with embedded nano particles of metal 131 as indicated by the stippling.
Referring to FIG. 11, for applications in which the probe is to be delivered onto internal organs, a SERMED probe 130 can be inserted into a needle 132 or through a channel of an endoscope.
FIG. 12 illustrates a SERMED probe 136 with the exposed end 137 cut at a 45 degree angle and having a reflective coating applied thereto. The laser beam 135 is reflected by the exposed end 137 through a side of the SERMED probe 136 and through a region 138 on which microparticle and metal layers are applied.
In order to demonstrate the proof of principle of the SERMED approach, various probes described above were used to perform measurements on a variety of samples, tissues and tumors using homogenized samples as well as intact in vitro samples. In vivo measurements also were performed on skin samples.
a) In Vitro Measurements
FIG. 13A shows the SERS spectrum of a homogenized sample (approximately 1 g in PBS-phosphate buffer saline solution) from rat heart tissue sample using the SERMED method. The SERMED probe was coated with alumina and 100-nm layer of silver. The excitation was at 514.5 nm (argon ion laser, 25 mW). The results show several SERS spectral structures at about 1000 cm-1. On the other hand, the Normal Raman Scattering (NRS) spectrum of the rat heart tissue, shown in FIG. 13B, does not exhibit any spectral structure, only a broad background due to fluorescence emission. These results demonstrate the two important advantages of the SERMED approach as compared to the NRS method: (a) subtle spectral structures are detected using SERMED, and (b) the strong fluorescence background is decreased.
FIG. 14A shows the SERS spectrum of rat stomach tissue (homogenized) using 514.5 nm laser excitation under conditions described above. Comparison with the NRS spectrum (FIG. 14B) of the same rat stomach sample also indicates that the SERS method is more sensitive and provide more spectral structures (e.g., peak 2900 cm-1). It is noteworthy that the SERS spectra of rat heart and stomach tissues (FIGS. 13A and 14A) are similar, but not exactly the same. This indicates the possibility of identifying the type of tissue using the SERMED method.
The SERS spectra of homogenized sample of rat kidney samples using two different laser excitation. The results produced by an argon ion laser at 514.5 nm, 25 mW are shown in FIG. 15A, while the results from a krypton ion laser at 647.1 nm, 25 mW are shown in FIG. 15B. Several sharp SERS peaks are identified in both spectra.
FIGS. 16A and 16B respectively show SERS spectra of rat tumor samples (Tumor TX1) using argon ion laser excitation at 514.5 nm, 25 mW and krypton ion laser excitation at 647.1 nm, 25 mW. Several SERS peaks are identified in both spectra, which are different from normal tissue samples.
b) SERMED Measurements for Biomedical Screening
Knowledge of the presence and concentration of various biochemical compositions in the body or in bodily fluids (blood, urine, sweat, etc.) could provide information on the health of a person. These experimental results indicate the possibility of SERMED to identify and quantify important biochemical species for biomedical screening. FIG. 17 illustrates the results of SERMED analysis to identify and quantify cholesterol. FIG. 19 demonstrates SERMED analysis to identify and quantify glucose for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, and FIG. 19 shows results of SERMED analysis to quantify insulin for monitoring diabetics. FIG. 21 illustrates SERMED analysis to identify and quantify lactic acid in injured patients. The results of SERMED analysis to identify and quantify NADH are graphically depicted in FIG. 20 and FIG. 22 depicts SERMED analysis results that identify and quantify FAD. The SERMED instrument also can be employed to monitor hematoporphyrin in PDT patients, quantify 1-Hydroxypyrene for occupational exposure to PAH, and to analyze urine. Measurements of these and other relevant compounds can be performed in vitro and in vivo using the appropriate SERMED techniques and probes.
c) In Vivo Measurements for Diagnosis
One main advantage of the proposed SERMED probes is the capability of making in vivo measurements in a non-invasive manner (i.e. tissue is not required to be removed). In this application, the SERMED probe is used to enhance the Raman signal from the samples that are in contact with the probe. In some case a liquid may be applied between the probe and the in vivo sample. To demonstrate this possibility, SERS measurements were preformed on skin tissues of two individuals. The spectra in FIG. 23 show several SERS peaks. The results indicate that it is possible to use the SERMED system for in vivo analysis of tissues. Although the proof of concept measurements were performed on skin, the method is generally applicable to any organ accessible by the probes: gastro-intestinal tract, heart, lung, cervix, breast, etc. The SERMED probes can be inserted into an endoscope (e.g., GI tract, colonoscopy) or a needle (breast, heart diagnosis), or used with a disposable tip or sleeve (cervix diagnosis).
d) Use of SERMED for Non-Invasive Drug Screening
Individuals who use drugs may have trace compounds of these drugs remaining on their fingertips, as in the case of tobacco users. Another possibility is the natural secretion of these drugs or related metabolites through sweat and urine, or other bodily fluid. It is possible to use the SERMED device to detect these substances directly on the skin surface or directly on the sweat/oils secreted on the skin.
To demonstrate this possibility we have performed in vivo measurements by placing SERMED probes on finger tips of various individuals. The results indicate that SERS spectra of finger tips of tobacco users (smokers) show a characteristic peak at approximately 1005 cm-1 in FIG. 24, which is absent in non-smokers in FIG. 25. Note that the peak at approximately 1030 cm-1 is similar to the SERS peak characteristic of nicotine seen in FIG. 26. This screening approach may me used to screening for other types of substances such as cocaine.
The results in FIGS. 24 and 25 are significant because they demonstrate the operative principle of the SERMED probe for non-invasive in vivo analysis. These results indicate that the SERMED probe, when placed in contact with a tissue sample, can produce an enhancement of the Raman signal of compounds in that tissue sample. The SERMED technique and probes allow rapid in vivo and in situ analysis and can be used for non-invasive biomedical diagnosis at clinical offices and rapid drug testing in the workplace.
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Posted 03/12/2014 11:38:21 EDT
Oops... Guess again.
Posted 03/04/2014 12:06:32 EST
Bob Kraft really cringes when anyone refers to "locking up" one of the Patriot's players these days!
Posted 12/04/2013 03:33:46 EST
You say that, but he sold out 4 shows in less than 15 minutes each. Maybe you just have no taste?
Posted 10/23/2013 12:25:51 EDT
The MBTA is a joke compared to rail systems in the rest of the country. Where else does mass transit shut down an hour before local establishments? If the T was to reel in their spending, such as elim more »
Posted 10/23/2013 12:25:38 EDT
Posted 09/17/2013 12:05:35 EDT
Please provide the answer as to what level of Gun Control would have prevented this shooting in Washington D.C. where it is already illegal to have a gun. More proof that banning guns does not resolv more »
Posted 09/12/2013 04:45:35 EDT
It's a simple concept known as respect you moron. There's a time and a place for everything and the tarmac at Logan Airport on the anniversary of 9/11 is not the time or place for an exercise involvi more »
Posted 08/28/2013 05:52:46 EDT
Didn't Kraft proclaim to be a fan of Wes Welker's too?
So long Tim! Don't let the door hit you on the way out.
Posted 08/14/2013 12:24:48 EDT
Hey Dummy... TB has 3 kids. 2 with Mrs. Brady already. But apparently, you know it all.
Posted 07/11/2013 07:26:40 EDT
No chance Deval could ever be President? Apparently you haven't noticed that your boy Obama can't get politicians in Washington DC to work together either. How long did they have to agree on a budge more »
Posted 06/25/2013 11:32:00 EDT
I am sorry, but your 4th reason contradicts your 1st reason. Global Climate Change has been shown by science to be a cyclical event. Why should we throw that science to the curb and only listen to y more »
Posted 06/05/2013 04:35:44 EDT
The protester was not aware that ever since her husband shredded the constitution, the protester is no longer allowed to exercise his First Amendment rights. How dare he interrupt Queen Michelle duri more »
Posted 05/23/2013 01:29:48 EDT
Good to see Liz has spent her time in Washington doing the work of the Middle Class. She's a fraud and should be ashamed of herself.
Posted 04/04/2013 03:04:10 EDT
How do you justify increasing the sales tax based on the make of the car? Should we also increase the sales tax on all name brand items when there is a cheaper generic available? People who buy luxu more »
Posted 04/04/2013 01:38:38 EDT
Raising the gas tax punishes some geographies over others also. Those of us who don't live or work within walking distance of the T should not be paying higher gas taxes to pay the transportation cos more »
Posted 04/04/2013 01:24:46 EDT
They want everyone to quit smoking and drive Smart cars or hybrids. As fuel mileage increases, people buy less gas and therefore the state makes less money from gas taxes. Raising taxes on people wh more »
Posted 09/01/2010 12:03:35 EDT
HA25: It's actually no less than 7.5 miles from any point on the mainland to Block Island. DanFriend: Which of your constitutional rights do you feel is being violated by the Cape Wind project? more »
Posted 08/06/2010 03:01:26 EDT
@horrifying44: The facts in the article are historically correct as until 1997 when for no apparent reason other than some sign shop run by the Govenor's brother or cousin or something needed work, Ro more »
Posted 07/27/2010 06:26:20 EDT
This project is a joke, spending taxpayer dollars to support private business. There are existing roads through the NAS that would have supported the construction and in the end, all that S. Weymouth, more »
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New Frontier
Posted October 11, 2014
The premise of this book was attractive, but the implementation
The premise of this book was attractive, but the implementation left something to be desired. I even tried to contact the author to find out if I was missing some subtle parody, but didn't get a response. So, I'll write this review by taking the book at face value.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
"New Frontier" starts with the idea of an alternate history where a different American political history stimulates the US space program. That's a reasonable alternate history; our history is littered with a string of programs cancelled by Washington rather than technology problems. However, "New Frontier" is not a conventional alternate history that attempts to meticulously plot out realistic results of the original change in the history. The political figures are caricatures that we're supposed to take as realistic portrayals. I've seen some decent alternate history portrayals of the shortcomings of historical politicians and the problems caused by their policies (e.g., Woodrow Wilson in Robert Conroy's "1920: America's War.") But not in New Frontier - it could give Rush Limbaugh pointers on portraying liberals and conservatives. Even Newt Gingrich's "1945" wasn't this heavyhanded. It was like if The Colbert Show was dead serious.
The technological advances don't just happen fast, they happen faster than new rocket engines and launchers have ever been developed. The most painful was the Russian development of warp drive, which happens at Moscow's orders rather than any well-described technological breakthrough. Because politicians can wave a wand and make technology appear. And since Russians like to steal American technology, their starship is lost because they stole Microsoft DOS and it gave them a blue screen of death mid-flight years before the blue screen of death was ever a feature in MS products.
I enjoy a good lampooning of political mistakes, and a good technological alternate history. This was neither. "New Frontier" took itself way too seriously when it was making a lot of elementary mistakes.
Posted January 20, 2012
I found it interesting
I really enjoyed New Frontier. Since this is the first novel in the series, its mostly the backstory, at least it seems that way to me. The prologue was interesting, and I didn't think it fit with the whole novel, but I read that the author is going to explain it in the second novel. I think something about the interstellar space travelers who leave at the end of the novel somehow end up back in time, and decide to change the 60's. The tech in the novel advances quickly, kind of like how we went from horse & buggy to flying in less than twenty years when the Wright Brothers flew their prototype, or when the nuclear bomb only took six years to design, develop, and implement. I look forward to the second novel, whenever that comes out.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted January 10, 2012
No text was provided for this review.


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Paragould News
Local news for Paragould, AR continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
Private colleges' 51% rate a drop
Sunday May 24 | NWAonline | Comment?
Paragould woman dies in 1-car wreck
Saturday May 23 | NWAonline | Comment?
'Grass Zit' brings up questions around Region 8
Thursday May 14 | KAIT-TV Jonesboro | Comment?
Father of missing 4-year-old searches for answers
Tuesday May 12 | KAIT-TV | Comment?
Paragould City Council agrees to widen section of South Rockingchair Road
Monday May 11 | KAIT-TV | 1
Paragould police investigate a fight where a shot was fired
Did The Pope Perform a Miracle in Naples?
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19 Famous Parents and Children You Won't Believe Are Re...
Fracking: Progress or Poison?
Environment 427
Graduates receive WBC award
Rescue squad called to crash in Greene Co.
Jonesboro organization serves 100 homeless people
Saturday May 9 | KAIT-TV | Comment?
Parents excited about car seat clinic in Paragould
Saturday May 9 | KAIT-TV Jonesboro | Comment?
Dozens of companies ready to hire at job fair
Friday May 8 | KAIT-TV Jonesboro | Comment?
Paragould School District hosts Ram Run
Wednesday May 6 | KAIT-TV Jonesboro | Comment?
Former OB-GYN pleads guilty to video voyeurism
Wednesday May 6 | KAIT-TV Jonesboro | 7
Plea to save cats lands woman in jail on drug charges
Monday May 4 | KAIT-TV Jonesboro | Comment?
GCT class spends May 4 performing Star Wars scenes
Monday May 4 | KAIT-TV | Comment?
Company encourages safety for the entire family
Saturday May 2 | KAIT-TV | Comment?
Community gives back in honor of Pay it Forward Day
Thursday Apr 30 | KAIT-TV | Comment?
Updated: Sun May 24, 2015 02:55 am
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Billions & Billions, Valkyrie Rodeo
Tuesday June 25
Bunk Bar
1028 SE Water Ave.
1028 SE Water Ave.
Where: Bunk Bar
Phone: 894-9708
Address: 1028 SE Water Ave.
Website: bunkbar.com
[DREAM ROCK] Next time you hear Portland dream-rock outfit Souvenir Driver, picture colors. The band did just that with 2014's Living Water, crafting 10 songs ...
[SHAKE THE DOPE OUT] It's famously been said that not many people bought the Velvet Underground's debut but everyone who did started a band. If that's true, L. ...


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PRLog - Aug. 20, 2012 - If you're looking for a new home in Desborough then Carisbrooke Grange may be just the answer.
The Jelson Homes development, off Pipewell Road, has a great selection of three- and four- bedroom detached properties with ample gardens, perfect for families and downsizers alike, and with prices from £189,950 you can see why interest is high.
But, it's not just a new home you'll be buying, the development itself provides plenty of green space so that you get a feeling of being in a rural location when in reality, the commuter links are excellent and the town centre is just a short stroll away.
These homes in Desborough have been built to last with traditional brick construction, solid internal walls and PVCu windows made in Jelson's own workshop with fitted carpets and turf as standard. Added to this is the fact that the homes are built to the latest energy efficiency standards – helping you to save money on bills and do your bit for the environment too.
Jackie Woodward, sales manager for Jelson Homes comments: "What is so unique about Carisbrooke Grange is the village green, which is the focal point for the development, and an area for resident to enjoy at their leisure.
"Moreover, the commuter links and local amenities are so handy that these new homes really are ideally placed, so we'd encourage interested parties to come and take a look before they're all snapped up."
Carisbrooke Grange is located within walking distance of all that Desborough has to offer, including its supermarket and range of high street shops. For families there's a good selection of schools in the area and it's also excellent for commuters with easy access via road and rail to the whole country.
To find out more about these new homes in Desborough, pay a visit to the development open Friday to Monday from 11am to 5pm or call 01536 763306. Alternatively, visit www.jelson.co.uk or contact the Head Office sales department on 0116 266 1541.


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Ammo To Go... your one stop shop for all of your pistol ammo and rifle ammunition needs!
This is the Tactical Solutions .22LR Complete Upper. Tactical Solutions' AR-22 LT is a light weight dedicated .22 LR upper for your AR-15. Utilizing an existing an AR-15 lower allows the shooter to use the equipment they are familiar with and have the best light weight solution for shooting .22LR on the AR-15 platform. The Mil-Spec receiver with a 1913 Picatinny rail gives the look and feel of a standard AR-15 with a fraction of the weight and ammunition costs. The stainless steel bolt and precision tool steel bolt rail give the strength and precision required for smooth and reliable feeding. Tactical Solutions' X-ring 1 in 16″ aluminum barrel with a button rifled chrome moly liner features an 11° target crown, making this a light weight reliable option for training. Included is a Hogue mid-length free-float machined aluminum fore-end. Threaded 1/2″-28 barrel allows for easy install of accessories such as a compensator or suppressor. All the above bundled with a Black Dog 25-round glass-filled polycarbonate magazine makes this a must have for the serious or recreational shooter.
Tactical Solutions' products are made in the USA by highly qualified machinist, gunsmiths, and shooters. Tactical Solutions AR-22 LT is backed by a lifetime guarantee.
*Copy of Photo ID required for purchase of any uppers.
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text: Another good deal on Les Baer [Archive] - Glock Talk Glock Talk > Firearms Forums > 1911 Forums > Another good deal on Les Baer PDA View Full Version : Another good deal on Les Baer BlayGlock11-09-2010, 14:54http://www.gunsamerica.com/978554649/Guns/Pistols/Les-Baer-Pistols/Les_Baer_1911_Midsize_45_Black_finish.htm FYI Cerebrus11-09-2010, 15:02already sold Hokie191111-09-2010, 15:26Quack beat you to it? :dunno: BuckyP11-09-2010, 21:05Quack beat you to it? :dunno: :rofl: bac102311-09-2010, 21:19I hate Gunsamerica. :upeyes: glock274011-09-2010, 21:32Nice gun for a nice price though. bac102311-09-2010, 21:37Nice gun for a nice price though. No doubt. :) GVFlyer11-09-2010, 21:44I hate Gunsamerica. :upeyes: I do as well. They have no buyer protections at all. If you run into an unscrupulous seller, they will advise you to be nice to him so that maybe you can get some of your money back Rinspeed11-10-2010, 05:34I hate Gunsamerica. :upeyes: Me too my friend. nolt11-10-2010, 10:15too many guns that come up on search that are no longer for sale for me... i guess that was a commonoche? vBulletin® v3.8.7, Copyright ©2000-2015, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.


text:
Fox's Cherry Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
- Quantity Discounts!
|Buy 1 - 2
Other Available Flavors:
- 96 (1.33 fl oz. or 39 mL) servings per bottle
- Kosher (non-Passover) certified
- Delicious fresh cherry flavor
H. Fox & Co
Companion Items
Continental 10HL 14" 1 oz. Pump Dispenser
|Package Size
|1 Gallons
Customer questions about this product
- What is the difference between an Italian ice, a slushy, and a snow cone?
- An Italian ice, also known as a water ice, is very smooth and its flavoring is mixed into the ice before or during freezing. A slushy, also known as an Icee or granita, typically comes in icy liquid form, and the flavor is added before the freezing process.
For a crunchier product, snow cones use larger, shaved ice, that is generally flavored at the point of sale.
- Should this item be refrigerated after opening?
- According to the vendor, this product should be refrigerated after opening, and for best results, used within one year.
Capture the taste of summer with the sweet, refreshing flavor of Fox's cherry snow cone syrup! The light fruity flavor of the syrup combines with the icy texture of the snow cone to create an irresistible frozen summer treat that your customers will love. A corporation specializing in irresistible ice cream toppings, saccharine syrups, and fizzy soda mixes for over 100 years, H. Fox & Company takes great pride in their products.
Snow cones are the perfect treat to help all of your patrons beat the heat. Featuring a light, freshly-picked cherry flavor and a visually appealing, vibrant red color, this snow cone syrup can be used to enhance the menu at any concession stand, fair, or ice cream shop. With 96 servings of snow cone syrup per container, your business will be in good supply. Each gallon of snow cone syrup is made with the finest ingredients to create the most authentic mouth-watering flavors.
This snow cone syrup is traditionally mixed in a ratio of 2 parts water to 1 part syrup with plain or carbonated water.
Sold (4) 1 gallon bottles per case.
See Nutrition Sheet for more information.
DownloadsNutrition Kosher Certification
A PDF viewer is required to view this product's information. Download Adobe Acrobat software
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Frequently Purchased Together
Fox's Passion Fruit Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Grape Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Lemon-Lime Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Sky Blue Raspberry Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Orange Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Medium Pitted Black Olives 6 - #10 Cans / Case
Golden Italian Dressing - (4) 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Strawberry Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Bubble Gum Snow Cone Syrup - (4) 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Fox's Root Beer Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Admiration Sweet Relish (4) 1 Gallon Jars / Case
Thousand Island Dressing - (4) 1 Gallon Containers / Case
Customer Reviews
Overall User Rating: Fox's Cherry Snow Cone Syrup 4 - 1 Gallon Containers / Case ( 5.0 stars from 6 reviews )
The syrup is delicious, it came as described on the website. the packaging was fine but they just have to make sure the cap is firmly tighten, to avoid a shipping mess. Two of my bottles had to be replaced because of loose caps. The Customer rep. was excellent and I am very happy.
Luis H. from Lucy's Ice Cream Posted on 04/02/2015
A bright red color and a nice cherry flavor. I was scared it was going to be one of those bad cherry flavors that reminds me of medicine. Not the case. Great syrup.
Jonathan P. Posted on 02/25/2015
The flavor of this cherry snow cone syrup is the best! Sometimes cherry can taste "medicinal", but this flavor is awesome. Our customers love it. We've even used it to make cream slushies. Great!
Ryan F. from The Gathering Place Tally LLC Posted on 02/02/2015
THE BEST AND MOST POPULAR FLAVOR THEY HAVE, THIS HAS THE REAL CHERRY FLAVOR AND MY CUSTOMERS LOVE IT! i WOULD RECOMMEND THIS TO ANYONE.
Jovan F. from Bounce n Boogee Posted on 11/21/2013
This Cherry flavoring snow cone syrup is sure to quickly become a fan favorite!!! It has a nice flavor that mixes well with lime to create cherry lime snow cones!
Eric K. Posted on 10/13/2013
When we purchased our snow cone maker last summer we also purchased this flavoring as well as 2 other ones and this has by far and away been our most popular one. This is an excellent product and I would highly recommend it. The price is comparable to other sources but it is quickly made back with high sales on snowcones.
Allyson S. Posted on 03/20/2012
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text:
Arizona Cardinals
Potter, Massie helping improve Cardinals' pass protection
Over the last three weeks, ten NFL teams have allowed more quarterback sacks than the Arizona Cardinals.
Let that sink in.
The San Diego Chargers, Jacksonville Jaguars, Dallas Cowboys, Green Bay Packers, Baltimore Ravens, Chicago Bears, Detroit Lions, New York Jets, Seattle Seahawks and Tennessee Titans have all allowed more quarterback sacks than the Cardinals' seven in that time span.
Considering that the Cardinals allowed opponents to perform 29 sack dances in a four-week span, there's significant process being made.
What's been different?
First, rookie Nate Potter was inserted at left tackle, and has been a major improvement over journeyman D'Anthony Batiste, who started the first nine games of the season. Potter will make his fourth straight start against the Seattle Seahawks at Century Link Field Sunday.
"For a rookie player, he's done a nice job. He's gotten better and better," Cardinals head coach Ken Whisenhunt said. "This will be a real test, in that noise, and they've got really good rushers in (Chris) Clemons and (Bruce Irvin) and they do a number of different things to take advantage of that, so this will be a real test for him."
According to ProFootballFocus.com, Potter is coming off his best performance of the season in last Sunday's loss to the New York Jets. The former Boise State All-American allowed just one quarterback hit against the Jets.
Potter got his feet wet in Week 9 when he replaced Batiste in the middle of the Cardinals loss to the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field, and has built on that strong first showing.
"To go in against Clay Matthews in the first game he had to play, which is a similar-type situation, from there, he's gotten better and better," said his head coach. "I think that he's still a rookie and this will be a new situation for him, but he's going to be a good football player."
Whisenhunt is also pleased with how Potter has played in other areas.
"He's actually done a good job with the run blocking," he said. "I think what you see from him is that he understands the game and his technique is good. He may not have the bulk or the strength yet to move it like you think he will be able to one day.
"He's conscious of trying to work his feet and work his hands and you see him come off the ball -- he does a lot of things very athletically, which for a guy his size, when his strength catches up to it, you like that combination."
Potter hasn't been the only rookie tackle to show major improvement in the last few weeks. Right tackle Bobby Massie, after giving up 13 sacks in a six-game span, has shored up the right side. Massie hasn't given up a sack since a Week 8 loss to San Francisco on Monday Night Football.
Most Popular
Cardinals Audio
- Rodney Gunter, Cardinals defensive lineman - Tuesday May 26Rodney Gunter has been a "sleeper" player since high school.
- Tyrann Mathieu, Cardinals safety - Tuesday May 26Tyrann Mathieu says he is feeling healthy and discusses the mentality of the defense.
- Bickley Blast - Tuesday May 26Ray McDonald's violent tendencies emerge yet again.
- Pete Prisco, Senior NFL Columnist for CBSSports.com - Friday May 22Pete Prisco says the Cardinals are better now than they were a year ago.
- John Clayton, ESPN NFL Insider - Friday May 22John Clayton gives us insider insight into the NFL's top stories.


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Sat June 29, 2013 - 7:00 PM
George, WA, 2013
The Gorge Amphitheatre
754 Silica Road N.W.
George, WA
USC invites you to discover a paradise where digital meets nature. Nestled in one of the world's most elite natural venues- The Gorge Amphitheatre- Paradiso transcends the conventional festival experience by incorporating...See More


text:
|Nov 2, 2006, 09:09 PM
iPod 5G buggy???
I recently purchased a 5G 80 gig ipod. I am surprised at some very annoying bugs that occur pretty often.
1) The iPod will occasionally (especially if left off for more than 2 hours) not give any output once turned on. I'm not talking about after it goes into deep sleep, just normal usage. It turns on and says it's playing, but no music comes through the headphones and the seconds counter does not change. I have to turn on and off my ipod several times until it will finally play...
2) The ipod will not turn off. Sometimes it will just refuse to power off. I hold down the play button and nothing happens. I let up, press it down again, and again nothing happens. I have to keep repeating this numerous times until it will finally get tired of me pressing it's buttons and shut off.
3) Some songs, those without album names (not all, just some) don't show up under the artists name. I have to search by song to find them, and then play them and when playing they show the right artist name and everything. When scrolling by artist they just don't show up. Itunes has them under the correct artist name, and when plugged into the computer browsing the ipod that way shows the songs under the artist as well...
Problems one and two I was told should be fixed by a hard reset as well as 'zeroing' the drive with disk utility prior to resetting it with itunes. I'm going to try this tonight, but if it doesn't work any ideas? Maybe the hard drive is failing?
Problem three, the mac genius wasn't able to say much about. He suggested going through and giving all my songs album names, which would take the rest of my life. I have thousands of songs without album names, and could not do this. Is there any easier solution? He thinks it is an incongruency with the ID3 tags of the songs? Or...is there a simple app that will go through and look up the albums similar to pearlyrics for lyrics or similar apps for the album art?
(Soon!) Refurbished Macbook Pro 15", 2.5ghz
iPod-5g 80gig, 5700 songs, white
JBL Creature II Speakers, black
Bose Quiet Comfort 2 Headphones
|Nov 3, 2006, 03:02 PM
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Street Teamer Celia Renteria spends much of her time tabling for animal rights campaigns and collecting petition signatures to help animals, and she's here to share her tips for setting up a table and doing outreach!
If YOU want to set up a table near you, just e-mail us at email@example.com, and we can help!
Thanks for being awesome for animals!
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text:
RODALE NEWS, EMMAUS, PA—Cash-strapped cities like Philadelphia and New York are pushing hard to pass sugar taxes to boost revenue and, hopefully, combat a growing obesity epidemic fueled in part by sugary sodas. But there's not much talk about instituting a salt tax, which, according to the results of a new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, could save billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of lives. The average American adult consumes 3,900 milligrams of sodium each day, nearly double the recommended 2,300 milligrams, and the authors write that taxing salty food could lower salt intake by upwards of 10 percent and have a profound public-health impact.
THE DETAILS: The authors' goal was to find out whether increasing the price of salty foods would lead to overall improvements in public health by reducing the incidence of heart attacks and stroke. Using computer models, they tested a scenario in which the price of salty foods was raised by 40 percent, which they assumed would lower overall salt intake among the general population by 9.5 percent. Their models projected there would be 513,885 fewer strokes and 480,358 fewer heart attacks over the course of a lifetime among adults aged 40 to 85. The authors also estimated that the country would save $32.1 billion in medical costs. Even if the country's salt intake only dropped by 6 percent, we'd still see benefits: 327,892 fewer strokes and 306,137 fewer heart attacks, with $22.4 billion in savings.
WHAT IT MEANS: Most of the assumptions made in this study were modeled after an existing program in the United Kingdom, where the Food Standards Agency (equivalent to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) worked with food manufacturers to cut sodium in processed foods to reach voluntary maximum levels for specific foods. The program started in 2003 and has already achieved a 9.5 percent reduction in sodium consumption there.
Read on for tips on how to cut salt out of the saltiest foods in your diet.
Filed Under: RESTAURANT DINING, SALT
Published on: March 8, 2010


text:
Oil firms slash prices in time for holiday
popular .
MANILA, Philippines—Local oil companies are set to slash the prices of local petroleum products starting early Monday morning to reflect the drastic drop in oil prices in the international market.
Effective 12:01 a.m. Monday, Petron Corp. will cut the prices of premium gasoline by a hefty P2.15 a liter, regular gasoline by P1.70 a liter and diesel and kerosene by P1.35 a liter.
Independent player Eastern Petroleum, meanwhile, will implement a rollback of P2 a liter for premium gasoline, P1.75 for regular gasoline and P1.35 for diesel and kerosene.
The latest price rollback, according to Eastern Petroleum chair Fernando Martinez, was due to the negative sentiments of traders owing to the slow economic recovery in Europe and the United States. This adjustment bodes well for "motorists heading out for a very long weekend vacation starting Thursday," Martinez said.
Last week, oil firms slashed prices of premium gasoline by 90 centavos a liter, regular gasoline by 40 centavos a liter, diesel by 35 centavos a liter and kerosene by 25 centavos a liter.
Based on a report by the Department of Energy, oil prices seesawed early this month as traders tried to gauge the strength of global oil demand, while watching developments in Syria and looking out for signs of supply disruptions from the Middle East.
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