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Climate change is a global challenge and requires a global solution. Through analysis and dialogue, the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions is working with governments and stakeholders to identify practical and effective options for the post-2012 international climate framework. Read more
Copenhagen Accord: Act II
The fuller significance of the Copenhagen Accord became a little clearer this week – and a little murkier too.
The nonbinding deal struck six weeks ago by a couple dozen world leaders left open two immediate questions: exactly which countries would be signing on to it, and just what targets or actions they would be promising. The parties gave themselves until January 31 to fill in those blanks.
Our Year in Review
Domestically and internationally, climate action in 2009 laid critical groundwork for potential breakthroughs in Congress and global negotiations in 2010. Yet with an issue as complex and political as climate change, turning groundwork into policy is a challenge. 2010 will undoubtedly be a pivotal year for climate change – but first it is instructive to take a look back at what happened in 2009 and how that shaped where we are today.
We captured these highlights in our annual Year-in-Review Newsletter – a useful compilation of 2009's big climate change stories and related insights. The year's major domestic action included passage of the landmark House climate and clean energy bill along with numerous Obama administration efforts to improve our climate and economy. These accomplishments included the stimulus bill's $80 billion in clean energy-related funding and EPA actions, including the endangerment finding, the greenhouse gas reporting rule, and stricter auto-efficiency standards.
Copenhagen consumed international climate attention in 2009, culminating in the pre-dawn hours of December 19 when final touches were put on an accord directly brokered by President Obama and a handful of key developing country leaders. While many questions remain after Copenhagen, our summary of the conference provides a sound starting point for grasping what transpired at the year's largest climate event.
The lead-up to 2009's main events required a great deal of work, and some of the year's highlights include the detailed Blueprint for Climate Action released one year ago this month by the influential business-NGO coalition U.S. Climate Action Partnership (USCAP). More industry leaders also showed support for mandatory climate action by joining our Business Environmental Leadership Council (BELC). And efforts to reach business communities, employees, and families expanded through the Make An Impact program. In partnerships with aluminum manufacturer Alcoa and utility Entergy, we continue to provide individuals with strategies to save energy and money while protecting the environment.
We continued to educate policy makers and opinion leaders, producing reports, analyses, and fact sheets on topics ranging from clean-energy technologies, climate science, competitiveness, and adaptation. Featuring expert insights and thoughtful opinions, we informed broad audiences about the immediate need for climate action. And our timely, relevant work moves forward in 2010 as we seek progress in addressing the most important global issue of our time.
Tom Steinfeldt is Communications Manager
Comparison of Actual and Projected Fuel Economy for New Passenger Vehicles
Source: An, F., and A. Sauer. 2004. Comparison of Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy and GHG Emission Standards Around the World. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Washington, DC; Updated data obtained from "Global passenger vehicle standards," The International Council for Clean Transportation, Retrieved from here, June 2014.
In the United States and worldwide, vehicle standards have been the main mechanism for improving vehicle efficiency and reducing emissions of conventional air pollution and greenhouse gases from the transportation sector. Increasing vehicle fuel-economy standards have had the effect of lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from what they otherwise would have been, because GHG emissions are closely related to fuel use.
Vehicle fuel economy standards can be expressed in miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/l). Vehicle fuel economy can be improved by increasing energy efficiency of the drivetrain (engine and transmission) and by decreasing the amount of energy needed to move the vehicle (through reducing weight, aerodynamic drag, and rolling resistance). Countries with fuel economy standards include Australia, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States.
Some vehicle GHG emission standards limit the tailpipe emissions from a vehicle, as well as from air conditioning, and are typically expressed as grams of CO2-equivalent per kilometer (gCO2e/km) while other standards only include CO2 in the measurement. The European Union uses a standard in gCO2/km while the United States uses a gCO2e/mi standard alongside the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program.
This graph is an update of our 2004 report that takes into account the new U.S. vehicle fuel economy standards (see here for more information). For this graph, the CO2 per kilometer standard in the EU and the other standards that are not measured in fleet average miles per gallon are converted to CAFE-equivalent miles per gallon values in order to establish an equivalent comparison. This conversion and adjustments are not straightforward since the form of the standards varies from country to country. For example, different countries cover different segments of the vehicle fleets, and use different procedures for determining compliance. For a description of the methodology for comparing the standards on a common basis, see here.
Sum and Substance of Copenhagen
By Namrata Patodia
December 24, 2009
This article first appeared in Nature India.
As the Copenhagen Climate Conference drew to a close this past weekend, many debate the success of the talks. It is important at this juncture to step back and take stock of the expectations leading up to Copenhagen and what the conference delivered.
Copenhagen Accord
After a week and a half of bickering over negotiating texts and repeating hard-line positions, parties finally agreed to a deal in the late hours of the conference's last day. The main deliverable of the conference was the "Copenhagen Accord," a deal directly brokered by U.S. President Barack Obama with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Premier Wen Jiabao of China, President Luiz Inacio Lula of Brazil and President Jacob Zuma of South Africa. While initially the deal was struck among these countries, it garnered the support of another 28 countries including the African Union and Alliance of Small Island developing States (the number of countries supporting the accord is not confirmed since countries can sign up on an ongoing basis). The official U.N. Conference Of Parties (COP) only "took note of" the accord by consensus, a fairly luke-warm response, which took an entire additional day to achieve.
The Copenhagen Accord, while a step forward, falls short in some fundamental ways. It remains a non-binding deal with no clear goal towards achieving a legally binding outcome in the near future. It was also unable to deliver on a long-term global goal of a 50 percent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
As a starting point the accord lays the foundation for all the key elements of the Bali Action Plan – shared vision, mitigation, adaptation, finance, and technology.
Most importantly, it calls for mitigation actions from all major economies, and for the first time, major developing economies including India. Developed countries (or Annex I parties) must commit to absolute emission reduction targets while major developing countries (or Non Annex I parties) must take mitigation actions. To ensure transparency of actions, the accord calls for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of actions by both developed and developing countries. In the case of the former, MRV will be conducted based on existing guidelines and those that are adopted by the COP. For developing countries, actions that receive international support will be MRV'd according to international guidelines. Unilateral domestic actions undertaken by developing countries will be domestically MRV'd with provisions for "international consultation and analysis under clearly defined guidelines."
Financing for developing countries, which many called the key to breaking the deadlock in these negotiations, is also addressed in the accord. It calls for both near-term and long-term finance for developing countries. It establishes a prompt-start fund of 30 billion USD from 2010-2012 to assist developing countries for mitigation and adaptation actions. On long-term finance, developed countries are to help mobilize 100 billion USD by 2020 for developing countries.
Parties have also agreed to a long-term temperature goal -- "the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius" taking into account equity and sustainable development. Finally, the accord establishes a technology mechanism and a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation and conservation of forest sinks (REDD plus) and calls for an assessment by 2015 including consideration of the strengthening of a long-term goal in relation to a temperature rise of 1.5 degree Celsius.
To ensure that we have a truly global response to climate change and one that prevents catastrophic climate change, it is critical that parties build on the foundation of the accord and lay the groundwork for a legally binding treaty.
Namrata Patodia is an International Fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change.
One Less Excuse to Avoid Acting
Only time will tell whether the deal struck in Copenhagen proves a true turning point in the effort against climate change. Flying home after two chaotic and exhausting weeks, I find I'm of two minds.
The deadline of December 18, 2009, in fact drove many governments further than before. In the weeks preceding, the United States, China, India and others felt compelled to come forward with explicit emission pledges. Under the Copenhagen Accord, countries have until January 31 to put these numbers on record; then there is no taking them back.
These pledges are not binding. They are statements of intent, not obligation. But that is not what disappoints me. I never expected Copenhagen to produce more than a political accord.
What troubles me is that governments did not resolve to move next to a legally binding treaty. That goal was part of the tentative agreement announced by President Obama. But then he left, and in final deal-making, it somehow vanished. The negotiations will of course continue. Governments agreed they'd meet next year in Mexico, the year after in South Africa. But with what type of agreement in mind? That's unclear.
Summary: Copenhagen Climate Summit
Click here to download this summary (pdf)
Fifteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Fifth Session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol
December 7-18, 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
A new political accord struck by world leaders at the U.N. Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen provides for explicit emission pledges by all the major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but charts no clear path toward a treaty with binding commitments.
The basic terms of the Copenhagen Accord were brokered directly by President Obama and a handful of key developing country leaders on the final day of the conference, capping two weeks of harsh rhetoric and pitched procedural battles that made the prospect of any agreement highly uncertain. It then took nearly another full day of tense negotiations to arrive at a procedural compromise allowing the leaders' deal to be formalized over the bitter objections of a few governments.
In the end, parties adopted parallel decisions under the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol that "take note" of the political accord and open the way for governments to individually sign on. In separate decisions, parties extended Ad Hoc Working Groups under both the Convention and the Protocol to continue negotiating toward a fuller agreement in late 2010 in Mexico. The unusual set of outcomes leaves uncertainty, however, about the formal standing of the Copenhagen Accord under the U.N. climate process and about the nature of any future agreement. The aim of a "legally binding instrument," which appeared part of the deal when President Obama first announced it, was later stripped out.
Key elements of the Copenhagen Accord include: an aspirational goal of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius; a process for countries to enter their specific mitigation pledges by January 31, 2010; broad terms for the reporting and verification of countries' actions; a collective commitment by developed countries for $30 billion in "new and additional" resources in 2010-2012 to help developing countries reduce emissions, preserve forests, and adapt to climate change; and a goal of mobilizing $100 billion a year in public and private finance by 2020 to address developing county needs. The accord also calls for the establishment of a Copenhagen Green Climate Fund, a High Level Panel to examine ways of meeting the 2020 finance goal, a new Technology Mechanism, and a mechanism to channel incentives for reduced deforestation. (See details below).
The Copenhagen conference culminated two years of intense negotiations launched with the 2007 Bali Action Plan. Known formally as the Fifteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 15) and the Fifth Session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 5), the gathering drew a level of political attention well beyond that of any previous climate meeting. Ministers, who ordinarily attend only the final days of the annual COP, arrived the first week hoping to unlock the stalled talks. By its closing days, the summit had drawn well over 100 heads of state and government.
Yet from its opening the conference was marked by bitter divisions, confusion, and setbacks. The Danish government, which had invested extraordinary effort to ensure Copenhagen's success, found itself undermined from the start by the "leak" of a draft text opposed by developing countries. Though President Obama and other leaders had indicated weeks earlier that they foresaw only a political agreement, the talks were bottled up for days by Tuvalu's adamant but unsuccessful demand for immediate consideration of a legally binding outcome. A new draft political agreement finally tabled late in the first week was roundly rejected by developed countries. Attempts to break the impasse by referring core issues to smaller groups of countries, rather than continuing to negotiate all issues with all parties, were repeatedly rebuffed by many developing countries, who insisted on full "transparency" and "inclusiveness."
Those issues continued to dominate in a bitter closing debate as Venezuela, Sudan, Nicaragua, Bolivia and a few others fought to block the leaders' agreement because most parties were outside the room when it was negotiated. Venezuela declared the agreement a "coup d'etat against the United Nations," and Sudan likened its effects on poor nations to those of the Holocaust, prompting a round of angry demands that the comment be withdrawn. Though the accord ultimately won formal recognition despite the lack of full consensus, the episode left many privately questioning the prospects for significant further progress within a fully global, procedurally bound U.N. process.
Other dramas in Copenhagen included open squabbling among the typically unified developing country Group of 77, and the struggle between the issue's two lead protagonists – the United States and China. The two sparred before the press and remained deadlocked behind closed doors until nearly the end. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who arrived ahead of President Obama, upped the pressure by declaring U.S. support for the goal of $100 billion a year for developing countries, an offer that many African and small-island countries did not want to let slip by. It was only then that Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei appeared to concede on U.S. demands that its actions be open to some form of international scrutiny.
President Obama closed the deal the next day in a meeting with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula, and South African President Jacob Zuma, He then announced the tentative agreement to the press and headed home, leaving other leaders to consider the terms, and weary negotiators to devise the final procedural maneuvers.
Following is a summary of the core outcomes of the Copenhagen conference (full text of all decisions is available at http://unfccc.int/2860.php):
Copenhagen Accord
The Copenhagen Accord is a political (as opposed to legal) agreement of a novel form. Formal decisions under the U.N. climate process are typically taken by consensus. As some parties opposed the accord, the decision entering it into the conference's proceedings is not technically an acceptance of its substantive content by the Conference of the Parties (or by the parallel Meeting of the Parties under Kyoto). Rather, the decisions by the two bodies only "take note" of the attached accord. Individual countries, in all likelihood a strong majority of the Convention's 192 parties, will affix their names to the accord in the coming weeks. The accord declares itself "operational immediately," although many of its provisions will require further elaboration (in some cases explicitly, and in other cases presumably, by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties). The timeline for doing so is not specified.
In substance, the accord speaks to all of the core elements of the Bali Action Plan: a long-term goal; mitigation; adaptation; finance; technology; forests; and measurement, reporting and verification.
Long-Term Goal – The agreement "recogniz[es] the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius." It also calls for a review of the accord by 2015, including a consideration of strengthening the long-term goal "in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius."
Mitigation – Under the accord, Annex I (developed) countries "commit to implement" economy-wide emissions targets for 2020, and non-Annex I (developing) countries "will implement mitigation actions." (Least developed and small island countries "may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support.")
The developed country targets and an initial set of developing country actions are to be entered into two appendices by January 31, 2010. It is widely expected, although not specified in the accord, that the targets and actions entered will be consistent with those floated by governments in the run-up to Copenhagen. Additional developing country actions can be added to the appendix on an ongoing basis. Actions for which developing countries are seeking support are to be recorded in a registry, and those receiving support will later be listed in the developing country appendix.
Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) – The emission targets of Annex I countries, and their delivery of finance for developing countries, will be MRV'd "in accordance with existing and any further guidelines" from the COP. These guidelines are to ensure "rigorous, robust and transparent" accounting of both targets and finance.
Actions by developing countries "will be subject to their domestic" MRV, with the results reported in biennial national communications. The information reported will be subject to "international consultation and analysis under clearly defined guidelines that will ensure that national sovereignty is respected." Developing country actions receiving international support will be subject to international MRV under guidelines adopted by the COP.
Adaptation – Developed countries "shall provide adequate, predictable and sustainable" finance, technology and capacity-building to support the implementation of adaptation actions in developing countries.
Forestry – The accord declares the "immediate establishment of a mechanism…to enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries" to support efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and to enhance forest sinks.
Finance – "Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding" is to be provided to developing countries to support mitigation efforts (including forest-related), adaptation, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building. For the period 2010-2012, developed countries have a "collective commitment" to provide "new and additional resources…approaching USD 30 billion." Developed countries also commit to a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020, "in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation." The long-term finance is to be a mix of public (bilateral and multilateral) and private resources.
The accord calls for a new Copenhagen Green Climate Fund as one channel for delivering finance and a High Level Panel "to study the contribution of the potential sources of revenue" toward the long-term funding goal.
Technology – The agreement establishes a new Technology Mechanism to accelerate technology development and transfer for both adaptation and mitigation.
Relation to UNFCCC and Kyoto – The accord endorses two parallel decisions under the Convention and the Protocol (see below) extending the two formal negotiating tracks that existed prior to Copenhagen. Those decisions, however, do not cross-reference the accord. Thus, while some parties will likely look to those negotiating processes to elaborate and fully operationalize the accord, no formal link was established.
Ad Hoc Working Group under the Convention
Two years ago in Bali, the COP launched the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) as the forum for negotiating the "agreed outcome" to be adopted in Copenhagen. A set of decisions addressing the core elements of the Bali Action Plan, and a core decision tying them together, were not completed. While parties made modest progress in some areas, many of the draft texts remain heavily bracketed.
The COP adopted a decision forwarding the texts and extending the mandate of the AWG-LCA "with a view to presenting the outcome of its work…for adoption" next year at COP 16. A draft decision circulated at the time President Obama announced the tentative deal described the intended outcome next year as "a legally binding instrument." However, the phrase did not appear in the text presented at the closing plenary. A number of countries including the United States argued for is reinsertion, but were opposed by others including India and Saudi Arabia.
Ad Hoc Working Group under the Protocol
A parallel Ad Hoc Working Group, the AWG-KP, was established under the Kyoto Protocol in 2005 to consider post-2012 emission targets for developed countries that are party to Kyoto. As with the AWG-LCA, its work remained uncompleted. The Kyoto parties adopted a decision forwarding the incomplete texts and calling on the AWG-KP to complete its work for adoption next year at the meeting of the Kyoto parties to be held in parallel with COP 16.
Dates and Venues of Future Meetings
Parties decided that COP 16/CMP 6 will be held November 29 to December 10, 2010, in Mexico, and that COP 17/CMP 7 will be held November 29 to December 10, 2011, in South Africa.
This summary was written by Elliot Diringer, Vice President for International Strategies, with contributions from International Fellows Kate Cecys and Namrata Patodia, and Daniel Bodansky of the University of Georgia School of Law.
Related Content
Additional Copenhagen/COP15 Resources
Developed Country Submissions to UNFCCC
Developing Country Submissions to UNFCCC
Statement: Copenhagen Accord Reached by World Leaders
Statement of Elliot Diringer
Vice President for International Strategies
Pew Center on Global Climate Change
December 19, 2009
The Copenhagen Accord is an important step forward in the international climate effort. In both form and substance, this political agreement falls well short of what ultimately is needed. But it will for the first time secure political pledges from all major economies to curb their emissions. And, at the insistence of the United States, it lays the foundation for a system to hold countries accountable. This represents real movement by China and other major developing countries.
Much remains to be negotiated. In setting a new negotiating deadline, governments unfortunately weren't clear on the need for a legally binding agreement. Going forward, the goal must be a comprehensive new treaty with fair and effective legal commitments by all major economies.
Though it was formally launched two years ago in Bali, the Copenhagen negotiation in reality started just 10 months ago when President Obama took office. The President put forward all he reasonably could at this stage, and achieved good progress. But the U.S. wasn't in a position to put final offers on the table, so other parties couldn't be expected to either. It's no surprise that some of the toughest issues still lie ahead.
Copenhagen Talks Take (Week) Two
This post first appear in Opinio Juris.
COPENHAGEN -- The climate negotiations ground to a halt for much of Monday, as negotiators debated the organization of work for the second and final week of the meeting. The ostensible cause of the breakdown was concern among some developing countries that the Kyoto Protocol (KP) track in the negotiations is moving more slowly, and getting less attention, than the Convention track (the so-called Long-Term Cooperation Action track, or LCA) Although since the LCA track is itself moving very slowly, it is a bit difficult to understand the concern.
For many members of the G-77, the differentiation enshrined in the Kyoto Protocol between developed countries (which have quantified emission reduction targets) and developing countries (which do not) is sacred. All last week, developing countries had been emphasizing the importance of continuing the Kyoto Protocol, rather than merging it into a single comprehensive agreement that addresses both developed and developing countries (as the EU, Japan and other industrialized countries would prefer). At the procedural level, this developing country position is reflected in a desire to maintain the complete separation between the two tracks in the negotiations, rather than merging them into a single discussion, as the Danes apparently envisioned.
Copenhagen Side Event: High Level Government-Business Dialogue
Pew Center COP 15 Side Event - BUILDING ON COPENHAGEN: A High-Level Dialogue
Co-Hosted with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Copenhagen, Denmark
December 14, 2009
A high-level panel of government and business leaders will examine critical issues from the perspectives of both the public and private sectors, and developed and developing countries. Partcipants include:
Governor, Washington State
Assistant Administrator, US Environmental Protection Agency
Secretary, Department of Climate Change, Australia
Executive Vice President, Future Fuels and CO2, Shell
Senior Vice President, Federal Government & Regulatory Affairs, Duke Energy
Moderated by:
President, World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Vice President, International Strategies, Pew Center on Global Climate Change
Copenhagen: A Climate For Compromise
December 10, 2009
The climate talks won't seal a binding global deal, but a lot can still go right in Denmark.
By Eileen Claussen
This article originally appeared in BusinessWeek.
Two years ago this week, on the island of Bali, representatives of 180 nations agreed on an ambitious timeline for reaching a global agreement to address climate change. The Bali Road Map, as it was called, identified key issues to be resolved and set a 2009 deadline for completing the negotiations.
That deadline has now arrived. Yet as nations gather for the climate talks in Copenhagen, the real negotiating has barely begun. The draft text is a lengthy, confusing compilation of every single proposal from a wide swath of nations. Many of the ideas are implausible, but all remain in play. President Barack Obama and other world leaders recently confirmed what was widely presumed: Copenhagen won't deliver a final legal agreement. The goal is now an interim political deal setting the stage for a full treaty in 2010.
The delay is disappointing to many but comes as no surprise. Obama is putting a "provisional" target on the table, but until Congress enacts comprehensive climate legislation, the U.S. is in no position to take on a binding international commitment. And there are many other obstacles. Governments still remain far apart on core issues: how to finance stronger efforts in developing countries, whether major emerging economies such as China will take on binding commitments, and how fulfillment will be verified.
Advances Nonetheless
But important and heartening progress has been made since Bali. In Washington, the House passed a comprehensive bill in June aimed at reducing U.S. emissions and fostering a clean-energy economy. Meantime, the U.S. government has taken positive steps—with stimulus funding and proposed regulatory actions—to support the development of lower-carbon energy sources and to reduce emissions.
In China, which now surpasses the U.S. as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the government has set ambitious goals for increasing renewable power and energy efficiency, and it just announced a voluntary goal of reducing by 2020 the carbon intensity of its economy 40% to 45% from 2005 levels. India and other emerging economies are also pledging stronger action, while the European Union already has an emissions-trading system in place that is beginning to deliver actual reductions.
But all of these positive developments fall far short of a viable global solution. With leadership from the world's major economies, we need an international agreement to ensure that all countries are doing their part to reduce emissions and that these combined efforts are getting us to a place where scientists affirm we can avoid the worst effects of climate change.
A Legal and Institutional Framework
Copenhagen can propel us toward that goal. Many governments have come prepared to announce political commitments. Wealthy nations also can be expected to pledge up-front money to help poorer countries reduce emissions and adapt to climate change. But it is critical that the talks in Copenhagen make substantial progress in establishing the legal and institutional framework for converting these pledges into a binding treaty with a robust design. There must be legal clarity about countries' commitments and their compliance with them, so that each can be confident that all are delivering their share. And there must be a sensible, accountable system for providing the support developing countries will need to do their part.
Simply building this framework will require the major parties to do something they've so far resisted: compromise. And compromise requires political will. Countries will have to embrace real commitments, and they will have to look beyond short-term political concerns so we can forge a solution that protects all nations and all people for decades, even centuries, to come.
The science on this issue is now absolutely clear: Climate change is largely the result of human activities, it is happening now, and it is happening much faster than predicted. But it is political reality, as much as science, that will drive the global climate talks. And right now the political reality is that key countries have a lot of work to do to resolve core issues before a lasting global agreement can be reached.
No one is expecting miracles out of the Copenhagen meeting this month. But it is imperative that we see genuine gains—with the goal of agreeing to a final climate treaty when the negotiators meet at the end of 2010 in Mexico City. The Bali Road Map misjudged the distance from Bali to a final agreement, but at least we can take heart that the nations of the world are still on this road together. The challenge is to stay on course to a destination that proves itself worth the trip.
Eileen Claussen is president of the Pew Center on Global Climate Change.


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The state of mobile device and laptop backups
Backup expert Brien Posey discusses the state of enterprise backups for mobile devices and laptop computers in this Expert Answer.
How are organizations addressing mobile device and laptop backups today? And, what are the various tools and approaches...
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available today for backing up laptops and mobile devices?
The ways in which organizations are addressing mobile device and laptop backups today are incredibly diverse. Some organizations continue to either provide no backups for laptops or ask users to perform their own backups of anything important. Other organizations attempt to back up laptops using a method similar to the way that they back up on-premises servers. This usually means installing a backup agent onto the laptop so that backups can run whenever the laptop has connectivity.
Cloud backups are also a popular option. Those organizations that are performing cloud backups typically either perform backups to private clouds or subscribe to a backup as a service provider.
The ways in which these backups are created can be quite diverse. Many organizations have begun licensing laptop-specific backup products that are designed to perform backups similar to continuous data protection. This type of software keeps track of which storage blocks are modified and when. Whenever the user establishes connectivity to the corporate network or cloud backup service, the backup software automatically begins uploading any changed blocks, as well as a record of when each block was modified (to facilitate point-in-time restoration). Typically, this approach uses deduplication to avoid having to retransmit any block that is already stored on the backup target.
There are also organizations that rely on the use of custom scripts to perform backups. Often, these scripts are referenced within the Active Directory and automatically execute when the user logs on to the corporate network.
As for mobile devices, the most popular option to date has been the use of apps that back the devices up to the cloud. However, these apps are often device-specific (Windows, iOS, Android, etc.), which means that organizations might have to use a different app for each class of mobile device.
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khaki cannage quilted lambskin 'Lady Dior' top handle bag
designer's notes
Signature touches with unexpected detailing is what you can always expect when you carry a classic Christian Dior design.
color: Khaki (Olive) Supple cannage quilted lambskin with polished pale goldtone hardware Logo lettering charms at handle Inset top zip closure 12'' dual top handles with 4'' drop 45'' detachable canvas shoulder strap with leather patches, faceted studs, decorative d-rings, cannage quilted comfort strap, and double prong buckle adjustment; 22'' drop Logo jacquard fabric lining with zip pocket Four metal feet at solid leather base Measures approximately 9�'' at widest x 8'' tall at center x 5'' deep; weighs 3 lbs. Certificate of authenticity included Lambskin / Canvas; Italy; style# 315134501


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INDIANAPOLIS (AP) - Kyle Busch dominated to win the Nationwide Series race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Brian Scott, who has never won a Nationwide race in four seasons, briefly took the lead and hoped to be the upset winner. But Busch roared back to win for the first time at Indianapolis. He has a record 59 Nationwide wins in 259 starts.
He took his usual bow before the grabbed the checkered flag, then got ready to kiss the bricks.
Scott had a career-best second-place finish. Joey Logano was third.
Busch won from the pole and gave Toyota its first NASCAR win at Indianapolis and second ever at the track.
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March 17, 2013
Soda bread is traditional fare on St. Patrick's Day. Why not make a vegan, whole grain version and allow everyone to enjoy the meal?
Vegan Whole Grain Irish Soda Bread
1 ½ cups plain, unsweetened soy milk
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
¼ cup fresh lemon juice
2 ½ cups whole spelt flour
½ cup white spelt flour or unbleached white flour
¼ cup barley flour
1/3 cup Sucanat, Rapadura, or other natural cane sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
Image Sources:
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Cheap SDQ to Rome flights
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Route information for flights from Las Americas Intl. to Ciampino.
4,987.36 miles
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Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Santo Domingo (SDQ) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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From the article: Useful Photoshop Keyboard Shortcuts
Every Photoshop user has their personal favorite selection of keyboard shortcuts they consider essential. Tell us about the Photoshop and Photoshop Elements keyboard shortcuts you use the most.
Save for Web!
- My favorite is apple+option+shift+S. What a lifesaver...
- —Guest Stephanie
Ctrl Z
- Control Z of course!!! One of the benefits of digital developing over darkroom work. You can "undo" things digitally.
- —LizMasoner


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Remote Control
My N3RD: A smartphone-controlled smart switch for gadgets
By Paul Ridden
January 22, 2014
Opening garage doors using a smartphone is certainly nothing new. Nor, for that matter, is remotely operating a light switch or kitchen appliance. The My N3RD, however, is claimed capable of turning just about any device switch into a smartphone-controlled, user-programmable smart switch. Read More
The original DJI Phantom quadcopter is now priced below US$500, and it's designed to carry a GoPro camera. However, while the copter could conceivably be stuffed into a backpack, doing so might be a little ... awkward. That's why the guys at San Diego-based AirDroids created the Pocket Drone. It squeaks in under the $500 mark and is made to carry a GoPro, but it also folds down for easy transport. What's more, its battery runtime is about twice that of the Phantom. Read More
DJI releases mid-priced Phantom 2 and Phantom FC40 quadcopters
January 9, 2014
Last year right around this time, DJI Innovations released its original Phantom quadcopter. The fact that the aircraft was designed to carry a GoPro camera made it quite popular. Then in November, the company started selling the Phantom 2 Vision model, which features its own built-in Wi-Fi-controlled HD camera. It's pretty awesome, but at US$1,199 it's priced $720 more than the base Phantom. Now, DJI has introduced two new models that occupy the middle ground between those two price points. Read More
2013: The year of the drone
By David Szondy
December 29, 2013
Although aerial drones been around in one form or another since World War I, it hasn't really been until the last decade that they've really taken off, so to speak. Where they were once restricted to a spot of battlefield reconnaissance, in addition to military applications, drones are now used for everything from agriculture to oil prospecting and by everyone from rescue workers to real estate agents. Although the technological advances and proliferation of drones has accelerated over the past decade, 2013 was the year that the technology really entered the public consciousness. So let's have a look back at Gizmag's pick of the top drone stories of 2013. Read More
Early this year we first heard about PowerUp 3.0, a kit that converts an ordinary paper airplane into a powered, smartphone-controlled flying aircraft. Inventor Shai Goitein has made some improvements to the product since then, and recently launched a Kickstarter campaign to finance its large-scale production. At the time of this posting, he's exceeded his funding goal by over 960 percent. Read More
"World's first" smartphone-controlled SmartPlane takes off
By Darren Quick
November 25, 2013
Parrot's AR Drone quadcopter has been strutting its smartphone-controlled stuff for a few years now, but fixed wing remote controlled aircraft have been a little thinner on the ground – and in the air. TobyRich, a German company specializing in smartphone-controlled gadgets, has now launched its SmartPlane, which it calls "the first smartphone-controlled airplane in the world." Read More
Review (with video!): DJI Phantom 2 Vision quadcopter
November 13, 2013
It was less than two weeks ago that DJI Innovations released its Phantom 2 Vision quadcopter, the camera-equipped successor to its popular Phantom model. Since then, I've received a review unit from the company, which I've had a few chances to try out – between snowfalls and high winds, that is. My verdict? It's awesome, despite a couple of surprising shortcomings. Read More
Triggertrap Kickstarts the Redsnap expandable camera trigger
By Simon Crisp
October 24, 2013
For the past couple of years Triggertrap has been devising clever ways of triggering your camera, with its Triggertrap Mobile smartphone app proving a hit with creative photographers. But sometimes a smartphone trigger (no matter how smart) isn't the right tool the job, which is why the firm has now revealed the Triggertrap Redsnap. The affordable modular camera trigger uses a series of optional sensors to make sure you never miss a shot, no matter how fleeting. Read More
New software could allow cyborg insects to map buildings
October 16, 2013
Living remote-control cockroaches are now a thing. They actually exist. Besides wowing people and sparking ethics debates, however, the cyborg insects may ultimately have some very worthwhile applications. A team led by North Carolina State University's Dr. Edgar Lobaton has brought one of those applications a step closer to reality, by developing software that would allow "swarms" of the cockroaches to map hazardous environments such as collapsed buildings. Read More
There are already a wide variety of devices that can be turned on and off by your smartphone, although they typically need to be Wi-Fi- or Bluetooth-enabled. The makers of Batthead, however, have taken another approach. They're creating Bluetooth-controlled batteries, that will allow any ol' device using them to be powered up or down via your phone. Read More


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Black-Eyed Sally's, Hartford
Black-eyed Sally's, 350 Asylum St., Hartford, hosts its annual gospel brunch, an uplifting experience that includes a full Southern buffet and gospel music with the Mary Taylor Soul Band. The buffet includes Southern eggs Benedict, collard greens and sweet potatoes, waffles, Southern fried chicken, blackened catfish and smoked ham. Seatings are at 10:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. Cost is $29 for adults and $9.95 for children from four to 10 years old, plus tax and tip.
April 28, 2011


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Paul Murphy / Eyewitness News
WESTWEGO, La. -- It was day five at the Hornets training camp in Westwego and one of the shortest guys on the court continues to be the elephant in the room.
Chris Paul was all business as he went through team drills.
But, the uncertain future of the apparent lame-duck face of the franchise gives the team great concern.
'It's certainly not his doing,' said Hornets Coach Monty Williams. 'It's one of those situations where you have to let the people handle it, who are handing it. I'm certainly not handling it.'
Those doing the handling in the Hornets front office are getting their hard work handed back to them by NBA Commissioner David Stern.
Two major deals that would have sent Paul to Los Angles were vetoed by the league, which currently owns the team.
'The typical owner would be doing things to help the team,' said Tulane Sports Law Professor Gabe Feldman. 'It seems like David Stern might be thinking about the league, not so much the team here.'
Paul has reportedly turned down a $100 million contract extension in New Orleans.
If the Hornets can't trade him, Paul leaves as a free agent at the end of the season, and the Hornets get nothing in return.
'You talk to most people in the league, they think for each trade the Hornets were getting a great deal,' said Feldman. 'But, I think David Stern does want to make sure that the Hornets are viable and that they are sellable to the potential owners that are out there.'
The Hornets have two weeks before the start of the season to build a team, with or without Chris Paul.
'I'm not going to sit here and wine about who I have,' said Williams. 'I'm not going to do that. That's not who we are. It may not look good on paper to many of you, but for me whoever I have going into battle, that's who I have. I'm going to commit to those guys.'
Feldman still believes there's time to get a deal done. But, he says every day that goes by, every team that signs another player, is one less option for Chris Paul and the Hornets.


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Home > Archives
Sunday June 22, 2008
COMMENTBy SUHAINI AZNAM
SAPP's no-confidence bid against the Prime Minister hints at Barisan Nasional 'renegade' hands at work from the peninsula.
THE Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) has decided to brazen it out. With one exception, the rest of the 29 who attended the SAPP supreme council meeting on Friday backed their president Datuk Yong Teck Lee in his call for a no-confidence motion against the Prime Minister.
That lone exception, party deputy president Datuk Raymond Tan, apparently tried to persuade his colleagues to his viewpoint – but failed.
Initially, there were hints that Tan may form a splinter party – yet another in Sabah's phalanx of nine Barisan Nasional parties and two active opposition parties. But the next day, even Tan seemed to have fallen in with Yong's gameplan.
This answers the Barisan's query at its emergency supreme council meeting on Thursday whether SAPP's position was strictly Yong's or was subscribed to by the entire party.
It is obvious now that SAPP is begging to be sacked. It wants to get in on the ground floor of forging a Third Force that will act as an Independent bloc in Parliament and a middle ground of opinion in a more tightly balanced bi-party system.
The lynchpin to all these pregnant expectations is none other than PKR de facto leader Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, a charismatic orator with a chequered political past and tremendous ambition. Anwar has been wanting to be prime minister for a decade now.
Before a 10,000-strong crowd attending the Pakatan Rakyat's 100th day anniversary governing Selangor at the Shah Alam Stadium on Friday night, Anwar called on Umno to migrate to the Pakatan Rakyat.
"It (SAPP's action) showed that the people in Barisan are losing faith in the Barisan," he said jubilantly.
There are two sides to this coin: some Sabahans and Sarawakians want to see Anwar in Parliament, waiting to receive them as they cross the floor. Otherwise, it would be an enormous risk.
But Anwar wants to see the MPs already on the Opposition benches when he takes the icy plunge in a risky by-election. Selangor Mentri Besar Tan Sri Khalid Ibrahim has already declared that all PKR members, including himself, should be ready to give up their seats to Anwar.
The question now is where does Sabah, and to a lesser extent Sarawak, go from here? And will any rebels from the peninsula follow Anwar?
According to Yong, his reason for going for the jugular was timing. After 45 years of waiting, Yong felt that this was the only window of opportunity before other events push Sabah again onto the backburner.
But his list of eight points are Sabah concerns and they cloud the real issue at stake – the national leadership.
Others have called for Abdullah's resignation before but not in Parliament. Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, as Chief Whip, has said that if SAPP attempted to move the no-confidence motion, the Barisan will sack its MPs. But there are only two.
So there appears to be a larger wave behind SAPP's action, hinting that it is more than just Anwar involved. Sabah politicians have been expecting "renegades" from the peninsula to join their campaign to remove Abdullah.
Unlike neighbouring Thailand, Malaysia has no convention for a no-confidence motion. It is simply not part of the political culture.
This makes it all the more devastating for the incumbent under attack.
But in Kuching, a senior political leader doubts that SAPP can table the no-confidence motion despite its bravado.
"At best it can just raise it for mention but that would be the extent of its attempt," he said.
Unlike Umno's own successful forays in Sabah in 1994 to bring down the state government of then Chief Minister Datuk Seri Joseph Pairin Kitingan, president of the then opposition Parti Bersatu Sabah, however, this move is against the federal leader.
The stakes are that much higher.
If and when Abdullah hands over the reins to Najib, what guarantee is there for Sabah that it would fare any better?
The problem for Malaysia is not that there is a surfeit of leaders of high calibre at the top but that there are too few. Others who show great promise are not quite there yet – both in their own parties and at national level.
Thus a no-confidence motion is dangerous because the alternative is not all that more reassuring.
A snap election is a leader's only viable option.
In 1985, as Pairin's PBS started losing people to the United Sabah National Organisation, he, too, called for a snap election.
He won his two-thirds of the State Legislative Assembly in May 1986. His government at that time was 13 to 14 months old. Abdullah's is into its fourth month.
Neighbours heard cries of children being beaten
RM1mil reward offer for information on Dr M's alleged misdeeds
Body of child found buried in kitchen
'Wild' party ends for 51 at popular mall
Money down the drain
Image on Google Street View may be that of missing boy
Copyright © 1995-2015 Star Media Group Berhad (ROC 10894D)(Formerly known as Star Publications (Malaysia) Berhad)


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A simple way to spruce up a cheeseburger...tucked in pita bread with tangy veggies and cheese.
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To broil patties, place on broiler pan; broil 3 to 4 inches from heat for 10 to 12 minutes or until meat thermometer inserted in center of patties reads 160°F., turning once. During last 30 to 60 seconds of broiling time, place cheese on patties; broil until melted.
Pita or pocket breads are available in a variety of flavors and sizes. Use any flavor you like for these hearty sandwiches.
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529 Savings Account†
Save for your child's or grandchild's future education expenses with this safe and low-cost savings account. The 529 savings account allows your money to grow over time with the security of both FDIC insurance and 529 tax advantages. The Ohio Tuition Trust Authority offers various college savings options under its College Advantage 529 Savings Plan (including this savings account) to anyone, regardless of state residency, who would like to save for future college expenses.
Before you invest, consider whether your home state offers a 529 plan that provides its taxpayers with state tax and other benefits not available through this plan.
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If you would like additional information or wish to open a Fifth Third 529 savings account, please fill out a secure online application at CollegeAdvantage™ or call 1-800-AFFORD-IT (1-800-233-6734).
What Will it Take to Save for College?
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Robinsonville Jobs
Looking for jobs in Robinsonville? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Robinsonville jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
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Alkmaar Cheese Market and Dutch Windmills Half-Day Trip from Amsterdam
- Enjoy a day away from the hustle and bustle of the city
- Includes free admission to top local attractions
- Soak up the atmosphere on a walking tour
After your visit to the cheese market and a short guided walking tour of Alkmaar, you'll take a drive to the photogenic village of Schermerhorn with its famous old windmills. There, you'll see the inside of a windmill before returning to Amsterdam.
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Alkmaar Cheese Market and Dutch Windmills Half-Day Trip from Amsterdam
- Transport by air-conditioned coach
- Professional guide
- Entrance to windmill
- Gratuities (optional)
- Food and drinks, unless specified
- Hotel pickup and drop off
- Confirmation will be received at time of booking
Traveler Reviews
Reviewed by: JOHN R, April 2015
Excellent trip with superb guide.Timings about right at each location.
Reviewed by: janjarman, August 2014
You could probably get to Alkmaar via public transportation, but it was so relaxing to just get on a bus and let someone else worry about how to get there. The time allotted was just enough to check out the town. Don't miss the church. It was amazing. Loved the whole experience. The windmill stop was nice too. I would have preferred to spend a little less time there and a little more in Alkmaar, but others might feel opposite. The price of the trip was fine. The tour guide was just right. She gave us plenty of information without being annoying. I recommend this tour.


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Most pedestrians avoid taking the foot overbridges (FOBs) in the city. Shyamala is one of them.
"I use the opening in the median to cross the road. I keep a watch on the vehicles and when there is a lull I cross. It is better than climbing up the steps on the rusty foot overbridge," says Shyamala who is a resident of Okkiampettai in Thoraipakkam, .
A police constable regulates traffic near the FOB at Saidapet Taluk Office Road as local residents have refused to use the facility, expressing difficulty in climbing up. Similarly, at Nungambakkam, which has two FOBs, most pedestrians, crossing the road, take on the traffic.
"Subways are utilised more often because there are just 20 steps to climb down. In the case of the FOBs, there are 40 steps that one must climb up first and then, down. Also, one is exposed to the elements and to traffic below. However, there is not much difference in the cost of construction. Today, a subway costs Rs. 3.5 crore and an FOB, Rs. 3 crore," explained an engineer with the highways department.
In the city, there are 17 subways of which 11 are on Anna Salai and Grand Southern Trunk Road, one on Walltax Road, two on Poonamallee High Road, two on Kamaraj Salai and one on Rajaji Salai.
B. Subramaniam, a resident of Avadi, who commutes to Parrys Corner for work, said that there had been occasions when he had tried to cross the road near Chennai Central but recently, he had discontinued the practice. "I prefer to cross the roads by using the subways at all times," he said.
FOBs inside suburban railway stations are better used as there are fewer stairs to climb and there is a greater degree of risk involved in crossing the tracks.
T. Ravikumar, president, All India Rail and Bus Passengers' Welfare Association, says, passengers, however, do not use them during the night. "FOBs at Ambattur, Pattaravakkam, Avadi and Thirumullaivoyal do not have enough lights and there is very little security. They are not clean either," he added.
Rajiv Gandhi Salai, popularly known as OMR, has the highest number of FOBs: 14 in all. However, barring the one near Tidel Park, the rest are used sparingly by pedestrians. Sometimes, groups of youngsters can be found sitting on the FOBs at Seevaram, PTC quarters, Karapakkam and Perungudi.
G. Sathish of Sholinganallur said a few FOBs including those near Sholinganallur Aavin Dairy and on Akkarai Road seemed to serve little purpose as they had been built at unsuitable locations. "We need an FOB at the Sholinganallur junction, which is very busy. But the FOB has been installed at least half a kilometre away. Hardly anybody uses it," he said.
The FOB at Seevaram, whose maintenance is carried out by the Tamil Nadu Road Development Company, has gained notoriety as a spot often visited by patrons of a nearby Tasmac shop. Pieces of broken glass from liquor bottles, caps and 3D stickers from the bottles can be found littering the sides of the FOB.
Keywords: foot overbridges, pedestrians woes, Chennai Corporation, Right to Walk, My Chennai My Right, Chennai Corporation, The Hindu campaign, infrastucture for walking


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In a lecture to the country's leading engineers, the Prince of Wales has told them that glass, steel and concrete structures are not sustainably produced.
London's skyline is dominated by buildings featuring these materials, including the Gherkin in the City and the Shard in Southwark – which will become Europe's tallest building when it is completed later this year.
Famous for once describing an extension to the National Gallery as a "monstrous carbuncle" and criticising plans for Chelsea Barracks, Prince Charles now claims famous architects are coming around to his way of thinking.
"Many noted architects, some of them very well known Modernists, are now openly talking about the need to move away from creating enormous, energy-guzzling glass boxes and towards a more environmentally sensible approach," he said.
In a lecture to the Institute of Civil Engineers, the Prince said the use of concrete, glass and "eco-bling" is creating buildings that are old and tired within a few decades.
"I'm afraid if a building is of a fashionable design today it almost inevitably condemns it very quickly to becoming unfashionable – tired looking, outdated, no longer 'contemporary. And so, within thirty or forty years, they are ripe for demolition and replacement."
The Prince even blamed building methods for some of the floods of recent years because water runs off paved areas rather than being absorbed by gardens and green spaces.
He said paving over an area 22 times bigger than Hyde Park since the 1970s has caused more surface water run off rather than being absorbed naturally.
He called for more Sustainable Urban Drainage that brings back wetlands, meadows and other natural systems.
"In the course of countless visits to flooded areas in this country it became apparent that so many of them were caused by the way we had ignored Nature's way of alleviating these problems and not understanding enough how Nature herself deals with water."
Prince Charles called on engineers to work with communities and the landscape to create power stations, sewage works and other structures "in harmony" with nature.
He said engineering will be in the "front line" of coping with climate change and the growing human population in future by creating buildings and machines that use less energy and carbon.
"We have, by default, engineered something of a looming disaster and we need all the ingenuity we can muster to pull back from it."
Angela Brady, President of the Royal Institute of British Architects, said there is nothing wrong with glass and steel.
"Too often Prince Charles' comments on architecture can unfortunately be seen as an attack on style not substance. There is nothing intrinsically wrong with modern buildings and materials; in fact traditional looking buildings can be as wasteful and energy and inefficient as their contemporary counterparts.
"What matters is the way in which materials are used. Glass, concrete and steel can lead to magnificent environmentally friendly solutions which when designed well will last generations – look at the fantastically sustainable Eden Project or the new Olympic Velodrome.
"Architects and construction professionals throughout the UK are delivering projects that are durable and long-lasting – Prince Charles is in danger of attacking those who are already doing so much to improve our environment for future generations."


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-11-120
|GAL1-SceI directed site-specific genomic (gsSSG) mutagenesis: a method for precisely targeting point mutations in S. cerevisiae.
|Piccirillo, Sarah; Wang, Hsiao-Lin; Fisher, Thomas J.; Honigberg, Saul M.
|BMC Biotechnology. 2011 Dec 05;11(1):120
|Abstract Background Precise targeted mutations are defined as targeted mutations that do not require the retention of other genetic changes, such as marker genes, near the mutation site. In the yeast, S. cerevisiae, there are several methods for introducing precise targeted mutations, all of which depend on inserting both a counter-selectable marker and DNA bearing the mutation. For example, the marker can first be inserted, and then replaced with either a long oligonucleotide carrying the mutation (delitto perfetto) or a PCR fragment synthesized with one primer containing the mutation (SSG mutagenesis). Results A hybrid method for targeting precise mutation into the genomes uses PCR fragments as in SSG mutagenesis together with a CORE cassette devised for delitto perfetto that contains the homing endonuclease SceI. This method, termed gsSSG mutagenesis, is much more efficient than standard SSG mutagenesis, allowing replacements to be identified without extensive screening of isolates. In gsSSG, recombination between the PCR fragment and the genome occurs equally efficiently regardless of the size of the fragment or the distance between the fragment end and the site of marker insertion. In contrast, the efficiency of incorporating targeted mutations by this method increases as the distance between the mutation and the marker insertion site decreases. Conclusion gsSSG is an efficient way of introducing precise mutations into the genome of S. cerevisiae. The frequency of incorporating the targeted mutation remains efficient at least as far as 460 bp from the insertion site meaning that a single insertion can be used to create many different mutants. The overall efficiency of gsSSG can be estimated based on the distance between the mutation and the marker insertion, and this efficiency can be maximized by limiting the number of untargeted mutations. Thus, a single insertion of marker genes plus homing endonuclease cassette can be used to efficiently introduce precise point mutations through a region of > 900 bp.
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Bon A-petite Shaker Set
When savoring a meal of fabulous French cuisine, its best not to barrage the 'delicacy du jour' with a complete coat of condiments. To avoid that frequent faux pas of first-timers, you serve your seasonings in these sweet shakers, designed as delicate reproductions of the Eiffel Tower, which allow your guests to add some spice to their souffle without starting their own Seine of salt or pepper! Simply replenish your resources before the fete by removing the plastic plug in the base, and these ceramic shakers will be fit to flavor your finest cooking, from a cute little quiche to coq au vin!
Final Sale: This item cannot be returned or exchanged.
- Ceramic.
- Individual shakers measure 3.5 inches in height, 5 inches in circumference at base.
- We recommend hand washing.
- Imported


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Cloud Computing Security at 2013 AICPA Tech+ Conference–Cetrom's Stark to Discuss Risks and Rewards
A Cloud management pioneer with more than 25 years of experience in the IT industry, Cetrom´s CEO to present the Cloud vendor´s perspective while discussing risks and security of Cloud Computing solutions for CPAs.
Vienna, Va. (PRWEB) March 28, 2013
Cetrom Information Technology, Inc. (Cetrom), a Cloud Computing pioneer and a leader in custom Cloud Management for global SMBs, today announced that its president and CEO, Christopher Stark, will be speaking about Cloud Computing security at AICPA´s 2013 Practitioners Symposium and Tech+ Conference, June 10-12, 2013, at the Bellagio in Las Vegas. The session, "T6 Managing Risks and Security in the Cloud Environment — A Panel Discussion," will take place on Monday, June 10, 2013, from 3:30 p.m. – 4:45 p.m. Stark will represent the Cloud vendor´s perspective while discussing the risks and rewards of Cloud Computing solutions for CPAs.
As part of the Core TECH track, the panel is a Specialized Knowledge and Application (SKA) session for CPA technology professionals. It will focus on the risks associated with outsourcing various IT tasks and functions to a third-party Cloud management provider. The panelists will highlight the importance of conducting due diligence when selecting a Cloud provider to manage these risks and address stakeholders´ concerns.
"Cloud Computing offers CPA firms a reliable alternative to managing their own IT infrastructures. However, this option will only be successful if the firm can find a Cloud provider that it trusts since the provider will not only be handling valuable corporate and client information, but also ensuring the security and availability of that information," said Christopher Stark, CEO, Cetrom. "The key is to build a foundation of trust through research, reference checks and a solid track record of performance. Only then will a CPA firm truly feel secure in the Cloud."
Stark founded Cetrom in 2001 based on his vision for the future of Cloud technology and his personal commitment to maintaining excellent customer service and a best-in-class technology infrastructure. With over 25 years of experience in all facets of the IT industry, Stark holds some of the industry´s most prestigious technical certifications.
Cetrom´s custom Cloud Computing solutions for CPAs offer a unique combination of enterprise-class hosting and white-glove services, creating an all-in-one technology solution. With a 99.9 percent uptime guarantee, and an extensive library of CPA and accounting-specific software, Cetrom´s highly secure Cloud provides flexible mobile workforce capabilities and the highest level of IT support services to its clients through a front-line customer support staff of senior-level, certified engineers.
About Cetrom Information Technology, Inc.
Founded in 2001, Cetrom Information Technology, Inc. (Cetrom) is a custom and hybrid Cloud Computing services pioneer named to the Inc. 500l5000 and CRN Next-Gen 250 that provides cutting-edge Cloud Management solutions with a track record of zero downtime to global SMBs. Cetrom´s enterprise-class IT support services are built on a best-in-class technology infrastructure and supported by high-end customer service and senior-level engineers. Headquartered in Vienna, Va., with offices and SSAE 16—compliant data centers across the United States, Cetrom is a Microsoft Partner with multiple Gold Competencies, and a partner of leading technology providers such as Citrix, Dell, EMC2, Lenovo and CenturyLink. For more information, visit http://www.cetrom.net.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2013/3/prweb10576790.htm


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Your Cat, Your Life
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Your cat loves a clean toilet -- don't we all? Catster's singing Cat Lady, Sarah Donner, explains why.
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Hello Kitty® Balloon Dreams Table Cover
Hello Kitty Balloon Plastic Table Cover
In Stock - 1 business day processing+shipping
Sale Price: $1.79 each
Was $4.99, You save 64%
Transform any party table!
The Hello Kitty Balloon Dreams Table Cover features Hello Kitty along with a balloon bouquet and star accents. Each of the plastic Hello Kitty Table Cover measures approximately 54 inches wide x 102 inches long. The Hello Kitty Balloon Dreams Table Cover is a great addition to any Hello Kitty themed party and will make clean up a snap.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
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PBA: Milsap unleashes 35 as Petron survives Alaska for 7th win
More News from Celest R. Flores
MANILA, Philippines – Top-ranked Petron stayed on a hot streak after surviving Alaska, 103-100, Friday in the 2013 PBA Govenors' Cup at the Philsports Arena in Pasig.
The Blaze Boosters stretched their winning run to seven games and sat comfortably at helm, but first had to fend off the Aces' fiery wind-up.
"This game, we got lucky in the end. We missed shots and free throws," said head coach Gee Abanilla. "Alaska is a tough team. They gave us a tough time. Dondon almost made that shot."
Petron was just 21.6 seconds and few points away from sealing the win with a three-point lead, but Elijah Milsap, who swished in two free-throws in the previous possession, flubbed the next two.
Calvin Abueva, then muffs both free-throws on the next play, but kept the door open for the Aces to forge overtime by getting his own miss.
Dondon Hontiveros, though, misfired on a final heave while the crowd held their breath as his shot hit back iron, threatened to fall before ultimately bouncing out.
Despite the crucial miss, Milsap still had a monster game with 35 points, 12 rebounds, six assists and five steals for the hottest team in the league.
His counterpart Wendell McKines scored 33 and pulled down 19 boards for the Aces, who failed to get back on winning track and slid to 3-4.
The scores:
Petron 103 – Millsap 35, Lassiter 19, Lanete 16, Santos 10, Fajardo 7, Lutz 7, Tubid 5, Kramer 2, Cabagnot 2.
Alaska 100 – McKines 33, Thoss 17, Abueva 16, Casio 13, Baguio 10, Dela Cruz 6, Hontiveros 4, Eman 1, Jazul 0, Espinas 0.
Quarters: 30-27, 51-45, 79-74, 103-100
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A compelling story of mysterious identity and untimely death, Murder Being Once Done is Rendell at her most sublime.
©1999 Ruth Rendell (P)2014 Audible, Inc.
"The best mystery writer anywhere in the English-speaking world." (The Boston Globe)
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Goodell: Settlement was 'significant'
NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell took issue with the notion that the league's $765 million settlement with former players is a paltry sum compared to the sport's revenues.
Looking for the latest news from around the NFL? Our Insiders got you covered.
''This is a significant amount of money,'' he said Wednesday. ''The plaintiffs also agreed it was an appropriate amount. The mediator felt it was an appropriate amount.''
Goodell made his first public comments since the settlement to the lawsuits was announced last week. More than 4,500 former players, some of them suffering from Alzheimer's disease or depression, accused the NFL of concealing the long-term dangers of concussions and rushing injured players back onto the field.
''We were able to find common ground to be able to get relief to the players and their families now rather than spending years litigating,'' Goodell said at an event in Manhattan to promote February's New York/New Jersey Super Bowl.
The settlement was announced last Thursday after two months of court-ordered mediation and is subject to approval by a federal judge. It does not include an admission from the NFL that it hid information from players about head injuries.
''We think it's the right thing to move forward and try to do what we can to help our players,'' Goodell said.
NEED SOME? GET SOMEFeed your NFL addiction! Come feast on all the news in our updating blog.
Some former players questioned the size of the settlement, considering it stretches over 20 years and will be divided among thousands of people - and considering the NFL takes in more than $9 billion a year, a figure that will rise when new TV contracts start in 2014.
Goodell noted that those billions are revenues, not profits.
The settlement applies to all past NFL players and spouses of those who are deceased - a group that could total more than 20,000. It sets aside $75 million for medical exams and $10 million for medical research.
Individual payouts would be capped at $5 million for men with Alzheimer's disease; $4 million for those diagnosed after their deaths with a brain condition called chronic traumatic encephalopathy; and $3 million for players with dementia.
The NFL's litigation may still not be over. Four former players filed a federal lawsuit in New Orleans on Sunday against the league and helmet maker Riddell, claiming they hid information about the dangers of brain injury. They want medical care for past, current and future NFL players.
As the league and retired players debate what happened in the past, the NFL has promoted its initiatives aimed at making the game safer. Goodell appeared on ''CBS This Morning'' earlier Wednesday to help announce a program with Under Armour and GE to donate money toward projects that prevent head injuries.
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NFL Headlines
NFL Insiders: Dolphins name Dennis Hickey new general manager
Carroll: Seahawks CB Richard Sherman sorry about postgame rant
Browns to interview Bills' Pettine with Broncos' Gase out of running
NFL talking to 49ers about sideline hit vs Seahawks in NFC title game
Falcons hire former Chiefs GM Pioli as assistant general manager


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If the metabisulphite is left out of glycol solution A does it eventually affect the pH of the diluted developer? If so, could it be put in solution B along with the bromide?
I ask this simply because of convenience. I use 2 pipettes with rubber bulbs to make up working solution in the bathroom after the kids have gone to bed, and it's quite quick. I'd rather not be adding a powder as well.


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Police arrest top mobster
Posted: 01/14/2009 - News reports say Italian police have arrested a top Mafia fugitive who had eluded capture earlier this week by climbing through a trap door and into a sewer below his hideout.
Posted: 01/14/2009 - News reports say Italian police have arrested a top Mafia fugitive who had eluded capture earlier this week by climbing through a trap door and into a sewer below his hideout.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - The Pentagon says the number of Guantanamo Bay detainees who rejoined terrorist missions after being released is on the rise.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - Vice President-elect Joe Biden has left Iraq, after making a final stop in the oil-rich northern city of Kirkuk.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - A new set of postage stamps celebrates a century of British design icons -- from the Mini car to the miniskirt.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - A local official in Guinea-Bissau says at least 71 people were on board a wooden canoe that capsized on a river in strong winds.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - The Israeli Defense Ministry says the point man in efforts to reach a cease-fire with Hamas is headed to Egypt later this week for what officials call decisive talks.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - Former Czech President Vaclav Havel has undergone minor surgery.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - A union spokesman says workers at a General Motors plant in Brazil are staging slowdowns to protest the layoff of 800 temporary workers.
Posted: 01/13/2009 - While it seemed like a good idea at the time, researchers in Australia say the decision to remove feral cats from a famous island to protect native seabirds there has backfired.
Posted: 01/09/2009 - The son of former Liberian President Charles Taylor will serve 97 years in prison for torture after being convicted in the first case under a U.S. law against atrocities overseas.
Posted: 01/08/2009 - Prime Minister Vladimir Putin says Russia will charge Ukraine full market price for natural gas and will agree to pay a higher, market-based fee to ship that gas over Ukrainian pipelines.
Posted: 01/08/2009 - A Palestinian health official says the bodies of 35 people have been found in the rubble of a Gaza Strip battle zone.
Posted: 01/08/2009 - Commerzbank AG says it will get euro10 billion ($13.5 billion) in fresh capital from a German government rescue fund.
Posted: 01/08/2009 - Rescuers are trying to reach four Italian mountain climbers and their Argentine guide after they became trapped by a storm at 22,000 feet (6,700 meters) just below the summit of the highest peak in the Americas.
Posted: 01/07/2009 - Pakistan's intelligence chief says the country's leaders are "not completely out of our minds," and have no intention of going to war with India over the Mumbai attacks.
Posted: 01/07/2009 - Brazil's state-run oil company is reportedly seeking up to $15 billion in loans.
Posted: 01/07/2009 - Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is extending a visit to New York to participate in discussions at the United Nations over an Egyptian-French proposal for a cease-fire to end ongoing violence in Gaza.
Posted: 01/07/2009 - Stuck in Britain on Inauguration Day? Madame Tussauds, the London waxwork museum, is offering U.S. tourists the chance to see their new president up close for free.
Posted: 01/07/2009 - Pirates today have freed hostages taken off the coasts of Somalia and Nigeria.
Posted: 01/07/2009 - French President Nicolas Sarkozy says Israel and the Palestinian Authority have accepted an Egyptian-French plan for Gaza.
Posted: 01/06/2009 - Pakistan's president says his country and neighboring Afghanistan need more support from foreign allies to win the battle against extremist militias. But he says the two countries do not need more foreign troops.
Posted: 01/06/2009 - Israel's offensive against Hamas militants in Gaza has sparked protests across Europe, and now there are signs that some of that sentiment is turning violent.
Posted: 01/05/2009 - Israeli troops have been consolidating positions in Gaza today, seizing control of high-rise buildings and attacking houses, mosques and Hamas smuggling tunnels.
Posted: 01/05/2009 - Russia's Gazprom says it will cut the amount of gas it ships to Europe through Ukraine to make up for what it says Ukraine has stolen in recent days from pipelines crossing its territory.
Posted: 01/05/2009 - President George W. Bush says he understands "Israel's desire to protect itself," offering his first public comments about the U.S. ally's massive ground invasion into Gaza.


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LSI offers a wide range of silicon and software to address critical challenges in
datacenters, mobile networks and client computing.
LSI flash accelerators and storage connectivity solutions help maximize server speed
and uptime, providing the foundational technologies that make hyperscale datacenters
Enterprises of all sizes use LSI flash storage and software-defined networking solutions
to help meet the demands of today's line-of-business executives.
LSI solutions provide performance, data protection, reliability and scalability
– at an affordable price point.
LSI mobile network solutions help carriers meet bandwidth and coverage needs and
provide a quality user experience.
The broadest line of storage and acceleration solutions for datacenters, mobile
networks and client computing
The broadest portfolio of highly reliable server storage products in the industry
offers the connectivity, performance and protection to support critical applications
and user needs.
Demand for storage capacity continues to grow rapidly, requiring hard disk drive
(HDD) manufacturers to build higher-capacity hard drives. TrueStore® hard disk drive
components let HDD manufacturers tackle the data deluge.
From base stations to backhaul, mobile networks are growing rapidly to satisfy user
demands for ever-faster mobile broadband.
Traffic inside enterprises and datacenters continues to grow, driven by bandwidth-intensive
applications such as video, social media and big data.
User Guide
The LSI Integrated RAID solution ptovides cost benefits for the server or workstation market that require extra performance, storage capacity and redundancy of a RAID configuration.
Product Brief
8-port SAS HBA Provides High Performance for Internal Storage Connections
This product is only available to qualified manufacturers through LSI direct sales.
Compatibility Doc
Guide to hardware compatible with 6Gb/s SATA+SAS Host Bus Adapters
Provide basic integrated RAID with internal connectivity with this low-power SAS and SATA host bus adapter
For server and storage OEMs targeting power-sensitive applications, the LSI SAS 9210-8i 6Gb/s SAS Host Bus Adapter provides internal storage connectivity and basic data protection. Designed for mid-sized storage servers and other mid-range applications.
If you are looking for older or archived product downloads, please use the documents and downloads search tool.


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Styling cream provides maximum control for hard-to-hold edges, to lock in hairstyles, with Castor, Olive and Aloe Vera Oils, Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein and Panthenol.
A light, leave-in conditioner formulated for medium thick, curly textures, Hair Nectar defines your curls, restores and renews your hair.
Created from Carrot Seed and Rosehip oils, known to stimulate hair growth and strengthen your hair shaft, Heavenly Jojoba Hair Oil locks in moisture and replenishes your scalp's essential oils. Perfect for natural, relaxed or pressed hair.
Velvety textured deep conditioning pre-shampoo treatment strengthens, repairs and restores tresses, with Argan, Carrot Seed, Aloe Vera Oils, Pygeum, Nettle, & Saw Palmetto Extracts and Rosemary &Rose Otto Essential Oils.
The Luscious Locks Hair Mask is a wonderfully nutritious conditioning treatment that you can use as often as your hair needs it. Conditioning doesn't get deeper than this because everything you need for your hair is in this jar. Detangle, soften, strengthen, grow. Saturate your strands with this rich blend of herbs like shikakai and rosemary which are known to promote hair growth, arnica and...
Cool Clarifying Shampoo washes away build-up and imparts an enriching blend of herbs on your scalp. Works best on fine to medium thick, normal to oily hair.
This refreshing, hydrating mist softens and perks up curls. With Argan, Castor, Sunflower and Meadowfoam Seed oils.
A perfect styling product for feathery fine straight to medium wavy tresses. Usage: Start with less than a dime-size amount. A little goes a long way.
An intensely hydrating hair cream and dressing that also moisturizes and nourishes the scalp, with Shea Butter, Aloe Vera Gel, Argan Oil and Acai Powder.
Nourishes and hydrates extra dry or curly hair that craves moisture. Perfect for coily, curly or kinky textures.


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social media
Interested parties contacting Shelly Sterling about acquiring the LA Clippers
The National Basketball Association (NBA) continues to move forward with its planned meeting to force Donald Sterling to sell the Los Angeles Clippers, but it appears his estranged wife is getting multiple calls for the franchise.
Internal social networks: Enjoy the benefits while staying ahead of the legal risks
The easy connectivity, streamlined information sharing and informality that makes internal social networks such an effective tool also raises legal risks.
How to provide the ultimate client experience
We've learned through many client interviews that focusing on the client and what they are experiencing from us often comes down to behaviors related to responsiveness and exceeding client expectations.
RelSci offers new avenues for building out business
Launching little over a year ago, RelSci has been built from the ground up to offer businesses a clearer path to building relationships, cultivating clients and getting in front of the right people. For the legal industry, this means potential connections to inside counsel decision makers.
NBA moving forward in efforts to remove the Sterlings as owners of the Clippers
Whatever legal tactics Donald Sterling or his estranged wife, Shelly Sterling, might have up their sleeves, one thing is certain: the National Basketball Association is moving forward with proceedings that could force him to sell the Los Angeles Clippers.
Out of bounds? Playing ball with celebrity right of publicity and fair use
Two recent cases show how difficult it is to determine what constitutes commercial use (thus potentially infringing use) and non-commercial use (and thus fair use) of a celebrity's identity.
Businesses still leery of risks and social media compliance
Various countries' regulatory bodies are trying to develop clear and concise guidelines for business compliance with social media.
Susan L. Lees, EVP and GC, Allstate Insurance Co.
WIPL spoke recently with Lees about how she originally didn't want to be a lawyer, staying true to one's self and why women still need to be less judgmental of each other.
How social media has influenced corporate governance
Over the last decade, governance has drastically changed with the rise of social media – making governance a lot more transparent. These days, social media is not only influencing companies externally in terms of what is being said and hear, but it is also influencing companies internally.
Social media poses grave danger to companies' confidential information
For legal departments, it's time to start paying attention, by updating restrictive covenant agreements, updating social media policies, and above all else, creating robust training programs.


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When you clear away negative energy residues from fear and worry, your natural spiritual power awakens. This innate power allows you to know the future; freely communicate with God and the angels; and heal yourself, others, and the planet.
In Chakra Clearing, Doreen Virtue guides you through meditations and visualizations to clear your chakras, which activates your inborn healing and psychic abilities.
About the Author
Doreen Virtue, Ph.D., is a spiritual doctor of psychology and fourth-generation metaphysician who works with the angelic, elemental, and ascended master realms. She is the author of 22 books on mind-body-spirit themes, including Healing with the Angels, Divine Guidance, Angel Therapy, The Lightworker's Way, and Archangels & Ascended Masters. Dr. Virtue is the founder and former director of WomanKind Psychiatric Hospital at Cumberland Hall Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, and she served as an administrator at Woodside Women's Hospital in the San Francisco Bay Area. Both all-women psychiatric hospitals specialized in treating women's psychological issues. Dr. Virtue also directed three outpatient psychiatric centers, including an adolescent drug & alcohol abuse center. Dr. Virtue has appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show, CNN, Good Morning America, The View with Barbara Walters, Donny & Marie, Roseanne, and many others.
Reviewed by 1 customer
Best Uses
Comments about Chakra Clearing:
Personal use only
Audience: General
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 128
Published: 1st October 1998
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 15.5 x 10.3 x 1.2
Weight (kg): 0.08
Edition Number: 1


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Unique combs, each hand-crafted in the original Viking style
from individual pieces of hand-carved and shaped bone held together with strong glue and copper rivets.
The front and back pieces are covered in hand-carved decoration while the teeth of the comb are constructed from five individual bone plates held in place by the copper rivets.
They are especially kind to your hair as horn is made from the same material as hair (keratin).