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Design is Human
19th May, 2015Posted by on
This post is adapted from a UNIGIS u_Lecture webinar I gave earlier this year.
Design is human.
It's a simple statement, but to me a very useful one. When I set out to assemble the talk upon which this blog post is based, I hadn't realized how many of my thoughts about doing good design can be boiled down to those three words. I'd picked it as the title for my presentation, well before I had any actual content. But as I began to assemble coherent thoughts to go along with the title, I realized that it's a pretty good summary of where my thoughts are at right now, as well as a refinement of statements I've made in the past (on this blog, in presentations at NACIS in 2013 and 2011, and in the classroom).
Humans are Natural Designers
Let's start with the big question: what exactly is "design"? I could consult a dictionary or something, but that seems like a lot of work and not as much fun as making up my own definition. So, just like my Introduction to Cartography students, you're stuck with my personal opinion on this one:
Design is making decisions in order to reach a goal.
It's simple, and very broad. You have something you want to get done, and then you use your knowledge and experience to figure out how to accomplish it. It's also an empowering definition, because it means that we are all designers. We design all the time in our daily lives.
Here's a trivial example: I'm hungry. My goal is to be not-hungry. So, I decide that I will fix some food and eat it. Once I act on that plan, I'll stop being hungry, by design.
It's a silly example, but it illustrates just how much design we all do every day. We're constantly planning and making choices based on the way we want the world to be. Design is natural to humans, and our ability to make these sorts of plans is one of the things that separates us from most of the rest of the animal kingdom.
This is something I try and hammer home in the classroom, and which bears repeating: we are all designers. It's easy to become discouraged or overwhelmed when we see beautifully-designed maps, furniture, or other objects, and to think that the ability to design is out of reach, reserved for a special group of people with appropriate job titles. So it's important to me to spread this empowering definition, and to remind everyone, student or otherwise, that design is human — it's something we do naturally.
Some people design breakfast, and others design maps. It's the same process, but the difference is simply in the goals, and the knowledge and experience being employed in achieving those goals. Here's a lovely map by Eduardo Asta (which can be found in the 2nd Atlas of Design!)
The map is built upon a series of good decisions. He wanted to show the movement of drugs, so he made the decision to use arrows. He wanted to present a serious subject in an appropriate mood, so he chose a dark background. He wanted us to understand what the color meant, so he included a legend. And it goes on and on, with hundreds of decisions going into the map. Many are obvious, and some we might disagree with, but we can still boil much of the map down to choices that were made in service of a final goal. What separates someone who can make a map like this from someone who can't is the knowledge and experience informing those choices. It's not some inability to design.
Making a map is just like making breakfast, except with different goals, options, skill sets, and resources. So, completely different. Except for the design part; that's the same.
A Human Designer
By the description above, design requires intent. We have a goal, and we make decisions which are intended to move toward that goal. Design cannot exist in the absence of thought and planning. A random choice is not a design decision. Imagine if, in the map above, Mr. Asta had chosen colors blindly, or put random words on the map instead of region labels. The map wouldn't be poorly designed, it would be non-designed. It would be senseless, with no connection between the appearance of the map and its aims. If we rush through our work, making choices with little thought, we run the risk of producing something non-designed. And when we fail to design, we run the risk of producing cold, inhuman results:
The top map is of the tributaries of the Mississippi River, and the other is of noise predictions for a wind farm (previously seen on Cartastrophe). They're both a mess, and neither give a feeling like there's a human behind them. When we fail to design, we produce something that lacks thought, and our readers detect this. If a map is a medium of communication between humans, these ones feel like there's not a person on the other end. We look at them and think: "What human would make such decisions? There must be no one there." The result is what I call uncanny cartography.
When we put our thought into our maps, our intelligence shows through in the final product, and it allows an empathy to travel through the map. Look again at Eduardo Asta's map:
There's no doubting that a lot of thought went into it. I can immediately perceive that an intelligent being created it, in a way that's not so apparent with the uncanny maps above. I get a sense of another person (or persons) with an aesthetic taste and preferred style. It feels more comfortable to interact with, because I'm in dialogue with another human, not a mysterious map-producing algorithm that I can't empathize with or understand.
We also fail to think, and therefore design, when we rely upon defaults. Software defaults are the antithesis of design. Our word processors start with a default typeface and font size. When we open a GIS program and load in a shapefile, our polygons get styled in a pre-set semi-random color. This is, by and large, a useful thing — it would be an annoying chore if we had to set our display parameters before we were allowed to see the data we're loading in. But these defaults are not design.
Defaults are not choices. I didn't choose the pink color for the land above, nor the purple rivers. The software made the choice, and the software doesn't have my specific goals in mind when it picks colors or line weights or whatever. Therefore, by our simple definition, defaults are not design. Some software engineer years ago and thousands of miles away made a guess as to what your goals might be, but they're pretty likely to miss. To accept a default, without thinking, is to abdicate our responsibility to design.
Again, defaults are not evil. They are useful, but we fail to design when we don't think about them. Smarter defaults are great; it would be wonderful if I had software that always made good guesses about what I wanted to do, and put together a great-looking map without much input. But I would still need to look over what it's done, think about if those choices align with my goals, and then accept them. Default becomes design only once you've given that human nod of approval. Remember that the software is a tool. It should ease our labor, not our creativity.
To rely on a default, or otherwise not think about our work, is to fail to design, and to create a product which lacks humanity. This is the second way in which design is human: it requires a human on the generating end, because design expresses humanity. When there is no design, there is no humanity. And that produces alienating works that no one wants to engage with (and if you want to communicate with a map, you've wasted your time if no one wants to look at it long enough to learn your message).
Design For Humans
Here's another map that has a lot of humanity. It's by Owen Gatley, for the website Rad Pad, showing rental costs in Los Angeles:
There's a strong sense of a person on the other end, not a set of automated defaults. But what's also interesting to me are the non-informational parts of the map. The surfer, the palm trees, the brush strokes, etc. The parts of the map that don't really tell you any geographic information. What's the point of including them? They appeal to the senses, and they entertain. Doing good design requires paying attention not only to what is necessary, but also what is unnecessary-yet-pleasing. This is something Don Norman talks about in his book Emotional Design.
Humans love unnecessary things, and this is what makes us fairly unique and awesome. My favorite example is how, in the 1960s, the US government spent an insane amount of money to send people to the moon. There were political goals, and scientific ones, but ultimately, we did it in order to take pictures like this:
Project Apollo is arguably the most amazing thing people have ever done, and it was quite unnecessary. It didn't reduce poverty or violence or deal with any other crisis. It was about taking awesome pictures (to grossly oversimplify it). And it cannot be explained without understanding what is beautiful about humanity: that we are not driven solely by instinctual necessities of food, shelter, and reproduction. We find the purely functional to be unsatisfying.
Here are two maps of protected areas in the United States:
Both maps have the necessary information — trails, campsites, amenities, terrain, etc. But one of them stops after telling you what you need to know, while the other one goes well beyond that to paint a beautiful, satisfying picture of the landscape.
Which place do you want visit? Remember these are representations; neither landscape really looks like that. But aesthetics matter, and they influence our perceptions of these places we've never been. Design without appeal to human aesthetic and emotional senses is frequently empty.
To design maps for a human audience, therefore, means not simply encoding data. It means paying attention to the palm trees. This is the third way in which design is human: design requires understanding humans, and their taste for unnecessary, but satisfying, extras.
So there you go. Design is natural to humans, requires a human at the originating end, and works best when we remember there's also an irrational human at the receiving end. Three thoughts about design, which I happened to be able to conveniently wedge under the title of "Design is Human." I do not argue it's the ideal structure to place them in (the third one doesn't cleanly tie into the definition I gave), but it works well enough for now. Please feel free to take these thoughts and refine/remix them into a coherent view that satisfies you.
Type Knockouts in Illustrator
8th May, 2015Posted by on
Continuing my trend of recording tips & tricks that I am commonly asked about, I thought I'd share my method for creating type knockouts in Adobe Illustrator (please note that I have no idea if that's a proper use of the term, nor do I know what other people call them).
In the above image, the situation at left happens all the time. You've got some type on the map, but it's hard to read because all of the other stuff on the map is getting in the way. The solution, on the right, is to selectively erase bits of the map in order to make the type more legible.
There are a few ways of going about this, each of which has some limitations (including the one I'm going to show you). Two common solutions are deleting linework and adding halos. The problem with the former is that it's destructive. If you move the label and want to put that linework back, you're out of luck — it's gone (though you could keep it backed up in a separate layer, or pull it from an older file, but these are time-consuming). Instead, you could try adding a halo. It's a great idea when the type sits on just one color, but it doesn't work if a label has multiple background colors.
So, when I can't do a halo, I make use of a different method, which relies on…
Opacity Masking
In Illustrator, we can make objects more or less transparent. When they are completely transparent, they become invisible.
But, it also lets us make parts of objects transparent as well. And that's what we're going to do. We'll make just pieces of those map lines completely transparent, so that they are still there (in case we ever need them again), but cannot be seen.
To do that, we need to use opacity masking, which is a way of telling Illustrator how transparent to make things. The terminology gets a bit confusing here, as Illustrator has two ways of describing the same thing. Objects can have varying transparency (how see-through they are), which is sometimes instead called opacity (how not-see-through they are). Both words get at the same idea, just from opposite perspectives.
So, let's set up an opacity mask, and I'll explain as we go along what it is and how it works. To start, we need to first select the map labels that are hard to read, the ones that need the features underneath to disappear. Copy those to the clipboard with Cmd-C (or Ctrl-C, if you happen to be on a PC for some reason; mentally replace "Cmd" with "Ctrl" for the rest of this tutorial and you'll be fine). We'll make use of them in a while.
Now, find a layer of map features that needs to be knocked out, then select its appearance. That means clicking the little circle next to the layer name. This tells Illustrator you want to do something to affect how the whole layer looks. Like, for example, changing its transparency.
Now open up the Transparency panel. Notice that there are a couple of little squares that appear in the panel (if you don't see them, click on the icon in the upper-right of the panel and select "Show Options"). The one on the left shows a little preview of everything in the layer. The one on the right is greyed out and usually marked with something like a symbol for "nothing going on here," depending on your version of Illustrator. If you have an older version, there won't be a square on the right at all, just an empty space — this is fine. All the things I'm describing exist in the last several Illustrator versions, but they may look a little different.
Double-click on the square on the right, or click "Make Mask." Unless you've messed with some defaults, you'll see the square on the right turn black, a box marked "Clip" will get checked, and all the artwork in the layer will disappear.
You've just created an opacity mask. Here's how it works: this is a special kind of layer, which exists parallel to your "real" Illustrator layer, and which tells Illustrator to make certain parts of the real layer transparent or not. If part of your opacity mask is black, that tells Illustrator to make the corresponding part of the real layer invisible. If a part of your opacity mask is white, the corresponding part of the real layer is given no transparency. And you can go in-between: if you put some grey in your opacity mask, it makes the corresponding part of the real layer partially, but not fully, transparent.
Right now, the opacity mask is completely filled with black, and that tells Illustrator to make the corresponding layer completely invisible, which is why it disappeared. Uncheck the box that says "Clip," if it's checked. Your mask turns white, and your art reappears, because white means "0% transparency," while black means "100% transparency."
Alt-click on the opacity mask (the square on the right). Now, your map disappears and you're taken into the mask, which is currently empty. Now to draw a black circle, and put it in a spot where there's some artwork in the real layer. Notice, on the transparency panel, you can now see that black circle appear in the preview on the right.
Next, let's Alt-click on the square on the left of the Transparency panel. This takes you back to your real layer. You can Alt-click on these two squares on the Transparency panel to alternate between the layer and its mask. When you return to the layer, notice that part of your artwork has been made invisible, exactly where you drew the circle. The black circle in the opacity mask is telling Illustrator to make the corresponding area in the layer 100% transparent, meaning invisible.
Alt-click on the opacity mask to go back to it, and delete the circle. Now, you could painstakingly draw little black circles or boxes everywhere you want to hide the linework, but that's kind of annoying. Instead, let's do this smarter. Remember those labels you put on the clipboard? Let's use those. Paste them in place using Cmd-Shift-V. This is different from pasting with Cmd-V. Pasting in place makes sure the labels appear in exactly the same position as they were when you copied them, so that these labels you're pasting in will line up exactly with the real labels.
Now, make those labels black, and give them a black stroke. I usually make the stroke around 2pt thick, and give it rounded corners. Your labels, inside the opacity mask, will look something like this:
Now, Alt-click out of the mask. You're done! Your linework on this layer is now knocked out. The opacity mask has black areas, in the shape of your labels, plus a little extra (from the stroke you gave them), and that means your linework has turned invisible in the area of those labels, plus a little beyond.
It's important to understand that you now have two copies of these labels — the real ones in your map, and a separate copy in the opacity mask. If you move a label in the map, the copy in the opacity mask doesn't change. You'll have to re-do it.
This is a similar problem to having to fix things if you were deleting linework, but it's a little less hassle to fix and it's non-destructive. Also note that you'll have to repeat this process for each layer of artwork you want to knock out.
Advanced Techniques
If you want to work a little more efficiently, you can actually draw/copy/paste/etc. inside the opacity mask while still viewing the art layer. Instead of Alt-clicking to go into the opacity mask, just plain click on it. You're now editing the contents of the mask, but you're seeing the layer. So, if you can keep them mentally separate, it's a nice way to see how you're affecting your art while working in the mask.
Instead of completely knocking out a layer, you might also instead try making it partially transparent, as I did in this example:
Here, I set an opacity mask with a copy of my type, but I didn't make it black. Instead, I made it grey, which tells Illustrator to make the art only partially transparent. The darker the grey, the more transparent, until you get to black, which is 100% transparent.
Finally, in case you were curious about the "Clip" checkbox, that just tells Illustrator to set any areas of the opacity mask where you didn't draw artwork to black. So, at the beginning, when we made the mask, there was no artwork in the mask, and so everything was turned to black. If we'd drawn a white circle in the mask with the "Clip" box checked, the circle would stay white, and everything around the circle would remain black.
So, that's opacity masking for type knockouts. It's not a perfect solution, but I find it pretty workable, and it's pretty quick once you get used to it. Hope this writeup helps!
Natural Modernism
4th May, 2015Posted by on
Since at least the time I started my river maps project, I've been interested in presenting the natural world in a more stylized visual language. It started with just rivers, but I've also been working on-and-off for the last couple of years on a map that also tackled terrain and vegetation. So, here it is. My beloved homeland of Michigan, in a highly generalized and stylized form.
I've straightened everything out into 45º angles, and used Tanaka lines to show the elevation. The green dots are actually based on land cover data. I've made them kind of sparse so that the rivers can be seen.
File this one under, "stuff I spent a lot of time making, and now don't know what to do with." The best I could think of doing was blatantly commercializing it by sticking that "buy" button up there. But, you can also just download the PDF above for free, which I hereby release under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Note that in-browser PDF viewers may make the colors look pretty washed out.
I think of this project, along with my river maps, as fitting under an idea I call "natural modernism," in which the natural world is presented in the same sort of highly-abstracted, geometrically-precise visual language that we often apply to the constructed world on maps. Think of metro systems, rectangular street grids, perfectly circular dots representing locations of cities, etc. When it comes to nature, though, we usually embrace the organic and chaotic shapes that it holds. This is probably a good idea, and I don't propose that natural modernism become some sort of standard practice. It's a fun way to look at things, though, and I find, increasingly, that a lot of my work boils down to presenting things in new and unusual ways.
Penrose Binning
30th April, 2015Posted by on
Some months ago, I came up with a little joking idea: what if, instead of hexagonal or square bins, cartographers used Penrose tiles?
A Penrose tiling is a form of tessellation. It's fun and unique in that it fills the entire plane, but has no repeats. Wikipedia has more detail about how these things are cool. Mostly, I thought of them because they look interesting and are sort of regular, without being too regular.
So for fun, I made a couple of maps using Penrose bins.
I can think of no proper cartographic use for Penrose binning, but it's fun to look at, and so that's good enough for me.
To create the tiles, I found an SVG of a Penrose tiling here: http://faa.hu/new/english/parquet1/index.php. Then I pulled it into QGIS and resized it to fit appropriately on the US and part of Canada when in an Albers Equal Area conic (CM: -96º, SP1: 20º, SP 2: 60º). Then I did zonal statistics in ArcMap (for population density and land cover) or a spatial join in QGIS (for the point data of Atlas of Design sales).
If you want to give it a try yourself, I've put the shapefile here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/soakfi8z5cp7by6/Penrose%20Tiles.zip?dl=0.
While I can't think of a use for this presently, who knows what the future will hold? Silly little experiments like this sometimes become valuable later on.
The Immanent Textbook
19th February, 2015Posted by on
I use Twitter mostly, so this is my only medium in which to share thoughts that exceed 140 characters. I usually only put self-contained, finished pieces here, but today I'm going to just toss out a few random musings (also I'm sick and have not slept much for 4 days, so forgive any incoherence).
What if we made a cartography "textbook" based almost entirely on existing online content?
Most days, I find some cool mapping-related thing on my Twitter feed. Practical mapmaking advice, bigger-picture criticism/analysis of cartography, etc. Something which aims to educate and enlighten (I like to think that a few of the posts on this blog could likewise be described this way, too).
There's all kinds of good sharable stuff out there, and it got me to thinking: what if we compiled it all into an intro cartography guide? I get emails from people who ask me how they can get started learning mapping, and I never have a useful answer other than, "go to a university like I did." But that should not be the only answer, especially when we look at, for example, how many people learn coding by reading free online resources.
The advantage to using existing content is it means that no one really has to write anything new. I suspect that, scattered around the Web (blogs, free online journals like Cartographic Perspectives, Wikipedia, etc.), there's pretty much everything someone needs to know to get a decent start to quality mapmaking. It just needs to be curated and compiled.
Specifically, it needs experts from the community to:
- decide what subjects should go in the textbook, in what order;
- track down existing writings that address these subjects;
- occasionally flesh out the skeleton by writing a small amount of material to connect pieces together, or introduce broad themes; and
- maybe come up with some practical exercises so that people can put this stuff into practice.
I don't know, maybe this has all already been thought through and is underway somewhere else. There are certainly various useful lists of map resources out there that I've seen, but I don't think any of them cover everything needed to go from zero to "capable of making a variety of decent maps."
Certainly, the end result won't be the same as a coherent text written by a focused author (or group of authors), and the student must be willing to put up with the patchwork nature of the guide, but I think it would fulfill a need nonetheless. Plenty of people want to learn mapping but don't have access to formal channels.
Also, this idea seems like a lot of work, and I am overburdened already and likely can't do most of the lifting myself. Maybe just provide counsel and big-picture input. But someone awesome should take this on and perhaps brand it as a revival of my forgotten NACIS Initiative for Cartographic Education. I feel like if we all get together on this, it wouldn't be a lot of work.
Anyway, scattered thoughts from the mind of a convalescent.
Adding Shaded Relief in Photoshop
26th October, 2014Posted by on
I've had occasion, from time to time, to show my colleagues in the UW Cartography Lab the technique I use to combine shaded relief with other map layers in Photoshop. After a recent request to share the technique again, I decided to make a video, so that people can watch at their own convenience. So, if you're interested in this:
then watch this:
(make sure to view in HD, so you can see the details I'm talking about). If you'd like, you can also follow along with the same file I'm using: https://www.dropbox.com/s/6teczksvgajrxdb/ReliefTutorial.psd?dl=0
Tricks from the Historical Atlas of Canada
21st August, 2014Posted by on
I'm constantly assembling, in my mind, a toolkit built out of little tricks that I see other cartographers pull off. I take pleasure in the small things. The big picture is important, and certainly we need to focus on telling a clear story that looks great, but it is the details that always interest me most: a well-done coastal effect, great typography, or a smart tweak to an old, standard symbology.
In that spirit, I'd like to take a minute to promote a couple of nice ideas which come from the Historical Atlas of Canada. Geoffrey Matthews served as the Cartographic Editor for its three volumes, the last of which was published in 1993. During my introductory cartography course, the instructor pointed to it as an example of one of the final great works of the manual cartography era, and I have found things to appreciate in it ever since.
There are three nice things I'd like to share…
In-Situ Insets
"In-situ insets" is a term I just made up to explain what's going on above. Maybe it has a real, accepted term already. Perhaps you could call it "lensing" instead? It is as a magnifying glass, dropped over the terrain. Instead of separate inset maps that zoom in on areas like Vancouver or Toronto, the authors expand these areas and then plop them right down in the middle of the map, covering part of the basemap. For comparison, here's a map of Canada all at the same scale that I swiped from Wikipedia.
Admittedly, the geography of Canada helps the authors here. There's not much going on nearby that needs to be shown for the stories they're trying to tell, so it can be safely covered up. Creating in-situ insets requires some fortunate circumstances, but when they come together, I think it's a fabulous idea. I think forcing people's eyes to shift to a separate inset map is disruptive and reduces their appreciation for the spatial context you're trying to show. Keeping everything in one place, on one map, is more coherent.
Non-boxed Insets
Sometimes, instead of an in-situ inset, the authors do something like this:
The greyed out section of the main map and the arrow to the inset create a strong, nice-looking connection. So often, when we want to make an inset map, we end up putting it in a box, separated from the main map by a line. But I'm wary of introducing extra dividing lines into a map layout; I think it's done way too often, and it prevents the various page elements from being seen as a coherent whole. The setup above is a nice way to have an inset without having to separate it from the main map. It is seen more clearly in its spatial context.
I'm not sure how I feel about the extruded, pseudo-3D perspective, but I expect this idea would work just as well in 2D.
Gridded Proportional Symbols
Finally, something nice that has nothing to do with insets. I like the Historical Atlas of Canada's use of proportional symbols that are gridded, so that they can be be easily broken down into countable units. Here's an example:
In many maps, these would simply be treated as proportional squares or lines, but in the Atlas, they're broken up into units (I've seen the New York Times do similar). So, a reader can look at the whole and make a quick comparison, or they can take a moment to actually start counting if they'd like to dig out the actual number. Normally it's very difficult for a reader to get an estimated value from a proportional symbol, but the grid makes it much easier. I like to call these "aggregate symbols," as they're proportional symbols built out of many individual pieces.
Here's a second example, which we saw in the last section:
This map takes things a step farther and color-codes the units, adding another layer of data that, importantly, doesn't interfere with the big picture. If you want to see the overall pattern, you can just look for the tallest stacks. If you want to dig deeper, more data are there, but they're not in the way. It can be read at multiple levels, which is quite an excellent goal to aim for.
So there you go! A few nice tricks from a great product. They're little things, but I think that small details is what a lot of good mapmaking comes down to.
Atlas of Design 2014
23rd January, 2014Posted by on
Friends, as many of you know, I am one of the Editors of the Atlas of Design, which is a book which NACIS publishes every two years. It's a showcase of some of the best and most beautiful cartography around the world. We've recently opened submissions for the 2014 edition, and I very much hope you'll think about submitting your work to us. Visit atlasofdesign.org/call for more details.
Also, I hope you'll help us in spreading the word. The more people we reach, the better sample of maps we'll have, and the better final volume we'll produce. I would also especially like to ask for your help in reaching people outside the English-speaking world. We'd like this to be a book about great cartography throughout the globe. Our call for submissions and our submissions form are, thanks to some awesome volunteers, available in a dozen other languages. While our volunteers make it possible to communicate outside of English, we need help in reaching out to mapmakers who speak those languages. I and my fellow editors are based in the US, and our colleagues and professional contacts are primarily in the English-speaking world. If you can help us expand beyond that sphere by alerting your colleagues, posting in non-English forums, etc., we'd be much appreciative. We know it's going to take time, but we'd like the Atlas of Design to represent the maps all of us make, no matter where we are.
Blender Tutorial
1st January, 2014Posted by on
As promised several months ago, I've finally put together some instructions on how to create shaded relief using Blender. I've created a 72-minute, six-part video series that walks you through the process (don't worry; it doesn't take that long to do it every time, just your first time). Please share it around! I'd love to see other people making use of this technique, and extending it beyond what I've done.
NOTE: Since I put together this video series, some of my colleagues have made some great contributions that you should be aware of. First off, Ryan Lash (@RRLash) has put together an awesome step-by-step explanation of everything that goes on in the videos, so that you don't have to hunt around to find the step you missed: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11HHMdKawdbXNkkxWdW82-HgHE2k3Tojg7P_X75ojb50/edit#gid=0. Second, check out the comments below. Morgan Hite has been using BlenderGIS to ease some of the issues with Blender not handling spatial data natively, and he's put together a description of his basic workflow. I'm very happy that people are using and, more importantly, extending the material I've put together her.
Make sure you're watching these in HD, otherwise you may have trouble following along when I click buttons. If you want to follow along with the DEM I am using, get it here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/p70l34zf4grh63j/Blender%20Demo%20DEM.tif
Meanwhile, if you just want to look at pretty things, here's the relief I made during the tutorials:
Blending my Way to Relief
2nd July, 2013Posted by on
Throughout my brief cartographic career, I've been a fan of shaded relief, but I've also struggled to create one that I found satisfactory. I haven't had the time to learn how to draw relief manually, and so I rely on the old standard digital hillshade algorithm, plus the judicious application of Photoshop (having learned from folks like Tom Patterson and Tanya Buckingham how big of a difference it can make). I've also posted here on some efforts to do a bit of spatial analysis to improve the end result. But, I am still often dissatisfied with the final product.
Lately, though, I've been experimenting with something that I think could represent a substantial improvement over the standard techniques for doing a digital hillshade. I've been messing around with Blender, a free 3D modeling program.
I got started with Blender because I wanted to do some oblique terrain maps (a la Natural Scene Designer), and because I also wanted to do some 3D printing for a project I'm working on. But I also realized it might be the solution for shaded relief. So, I used a DEM to create a 3D terrain mesh inside Blender, then positioned my camera directly above it, and started doing some rendering. Here's what I've gotten so far.
First off, here's one that mimics what you'd get out of ArcMap or some other standard GIS algorithm. Nothing special, but it's a good starting point for comparison.
It's pretty plain. The standard hillshade algorithm looks at each pixel, determines its slope and aspect, and uses that to figure out how bright it should be. That's about it. It doesn't look at where each pixel sits in the context of its surroundings, or figure out how light bounces around or causes shadows. It produces decent results, but it's pretty simple and unrealistic. So, let's add some more realism:
This one is much better. All I've done here is turn on two things: shadows and light bounces. Places facing away from the sun are now in shadow, with the shadow length depending on the height of the terrain. The light bounces allow us to still see the shadowed areas, though. Blender figures out that the backside of the mountain, while not receiving direct sun, will still be illuminated by light striking nearby ridges and scattering around. So, it traces the path of the light rays and determines how light moves around the scene to create a much more realistic result. In ArcMap, you can turn on shadows in your shaded relief, but it just makes everything black if it's caught in a shadow; it's not equipped to re-light those shadows by looking at light scattering.
We can also change our light angle, or strength, to simulate different times of day. Here's one with a low sun angle, coming from the west.
Again, you could aim for something like this in a GIS program, but it's not likely to turn out quite so nicely, because it doesn't have the ability to calculate the way light bounces around and dimly illuminates those east-facing slopes. They'd just be in a solid black shadow. Or, if you didn't turn on shadows, they'd be lit as though the mountain isn't in the way.
There are a lot of parameters you can change in Blender that simply aren't available in a GIS program, as well. We can, for example, add a second light source. Here's the same image as above, except with some moonlight coming from the southwest:
We can also do things like adjust the "size" of the sun, giving us more of a point-light effect, as though we're on a planet without an atmosphere to spread out the incoming rays:
Now it's as though we're on the moon, or some other harshly-lit place, with much sharper shadows.
Finally, my favorite is probably this one:
I think it looks the closest to a handmade relief. It's still not the same, but it's probably the closest I've seen an automated algorithm come to something human-produced. It's got a nice fuzziness that comes from turning down the number of light paths that Blender calculates. I've also made the surface smoother, which gives it a bit more specular reflectivity and produces an interesting effect that I quite like. Since we're working in a 3D modeling program, we can change what material the surface is made from, if we want to try interesting things. Here's one more where I've made the terrain out of a glossy material, instead:
In the end, I think this could be the way to go for a lot of my future shaded relief needs. It does, admittedly, take longer to accomplish. Each test render can take several minutes. But I think the quality is a lot higher. I don't think this is necessarily the be-all, end-all, last word in doing automated relief. It could probably be improved further via some of the same techniques people use to improve standard GIS hillshades. But I think it's a better foundation than the standard algorithm, and I'm looking forward to playing around with it more.
At some point in the future, I'm hoping to put together instructional materials on using Blender for shaded relief. But I don't think I'm quite ready yet. I don't know the program well enough to be able to say that I'm doing things in the most efficient and effective manner, and I haven't quite pieced together the best way to explain everything clearly. In the meanwhile, I encourage you all to experiment with it, and to tell me if you've tried anything similar in the past. I imagine I'm not the first to think of this.


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Home > Specifications > PCI Conventional > PCI Hot-Plug 1.1 > Standard Hot-Plug Controller and Subsytem Specific
PCI Standard Hot-Plug Controller and Subsystem Specification 1.0
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Written on: 18/12/2009
I was LIVING on Living Harvest Hemp Milk and chocolate was my favorite of all times !!! They ruined my life with that new "change". Words can't describe how disappointed and sad I am. I can't drink that new thing, it's really really bad. Now, everytime I see this new package, it feels like I've met my old best friend that screwed me over.
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USA National Phenology Network
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May 20, 2015
The USA-NPN is proud to be a part of the National Strategy to Promote the Health of Honey Bees and Other Pollinators, just released by the interagency task force charged with this effort. The Strategy outlines needs and actions to better understand pollinator losses and improve pollinator health, and highlights citizen science, the USA-NPN's phenology monitoring protocols, and our collaboration with the US Fish & Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuge System.
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Injured Packers TE Finley plans to have surgery
GREEN BAY, Wis. (AP)
Packers tight end Jermichael Finley plans to have spinal fusion surgery and intends to play football again.
Finley's agent, Blake Baratz, said Thursday that Finley has been working with the Packers organization in determining what's best after suffering a neck injury last month in a game against the Browns.
Baratz said it was collectively determined that surgery may not be 100 percent necessary, but is a ''proactive measure that should alleviate future risks with regards to a similar episode or re-injury.''
The statement said Finley's long-term health is the primary concern, and that Finley intends to resume playing again after surgery to be performed by the Pittsburgh Steelers team neurosurgeon. No timeline for surgery was given.
The doctor, Joseph Maroon, is experienced in conducting the type of procedure on professional athletes in contact sports, and is confident of a full recovery for Finley, the statement said.
''While his return to professional football is a hot-topic conversation, his ability to live a long and fulfilling life with his loved ones is by far and away our main objective,'' the statement said. Finley and his family said they appreciated the outpouring of support received since the injury.
Finley was having good year with 25 catches for 300 yards and three touchdowns when he was hurt. Finley, who was officially placed on season-ending injured reserve last week, is a free agent after this year.
Pro Football Talk first reported the statement Wednesday.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org
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Carroll: Seahawks CB Richard Sherman sorry about postgame rant
Browns to interview Bills' Pettine with Broncos' Gase out of running
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Falcons hire former Chiefs GM Pioli as assistant general manager


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Minister says India 'walking the talk' on climate change
India's government on Tuesday defended its efforts to combat climate change after US President Barack Obama urged the country to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
India's government on Tuesday defended its efforts to combat climate change after US President Barack Obama urged the country to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
A report for the United Nations released today shows how the major emitting countries can cut their carbon emissions by mid-century in order to prevent dangerous climate change. The report, produced cooperatively ...
The UN climate talks opening in Warsaw next week will not be without a touch of irony.
The Obama administration's top land official praised a geothermal electricity project in California's snow-capped mountains as an example for others during a headline appearance at a green energy conference ...
The share of renewables in the global energy mix has increased over the past decade to more than 15 percent but doubts remain over whether a 2030 target of 30 percent is achievable, delegates to an international ...
French President Francois Hollande called on Tuesday for pumping more investments in renewable energy projects to prepare for the post-oil era and to avoid global warming and very high oil prices.
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) on Sunday launched the world's first atlas on clean energy which will offer open-access information on countries' renewable energy potential.
A global economic slowdown and the eurozone debt crisis have curbed government investment in renewable energy, experts warned Tuesday.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon launched on Monday an initiative designating 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, with the aim of reaching its set goals by 2030.
Filipino entrepreneur Illac Diaz is aiming to help a million poor people in a year, and with the help of some plastic bottles and a clever social media campaign may do even better.
(AP) -- Four Himalayan nations facing the threat of weather changes have agreed to collaborate on ways to adapt to climate change after a two-day summit in Bhutan.
(AP) -- The United States can't lead the world in the 21st century with its current energy policy, Vice President Joe Biden told alternative technology supporters Tuesday at a clean energy summit in Las Vegas.
Japan is considering a plan that would make it compulsory for all new buildings and houses to come fitted with solar panels by 2030, a business daily said Sunday.
(AP) -- Citing the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, environmental activists at a U.N. meeting Sunday urged bolder steps to tap renewable energy so the world doesn't have to choose between the dangers of nuclear power and the ...
(AP) -- The host nation of the U.N. climate talks in Cancun on Wednesday called the U.S. pledge to cut greenhouse gas emissions "modest," while praising other nonbinding offers made by India and China.


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Give This Photo Of A Baby Turtle To Someone You Love Today
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Diesel Engine Survey?
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Presumably your purchase is subject to a test sail?
I'd suggest doing the following on the test sail, then deciding whether you want an engine survey :
Check the state of the oil on the dipstick. Not too dark is good. Rub a bit of the oil between your fingers. Does it leave them sooty black? No is good. Yes means the oil is old and the surfactants are saturated.
Take the cap off the heat exchanger, dip your finger in and have a look at the coolant. Should be a nice blue or green and not rusty.
Start the engine from cold (check it's not been warmed up.) Should start with very little cranking after 30s warming of the glow plugs. The smaller the whiff of blue smoke from the exhaust on initial start, the better.
Is is now running smoothly and responsively?
Try to do at least a 10 min drive on the engine, enough to get the coolant and oil up to temp. Then check for blue or black smoke at full throttle.
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Hunting On The Edge Of A Warzone
It was like hunting on the edge of a war zone. There were combat helicopters hovering overhead, the ...
It Is Not Just Hunters Prowling The Fields
As hunters take to the fields in search for their favorite quarry like pheasants and quail, there ar...
Kansas Pheasant Opener News
For those looking to hunt in Kansas, there is some really good news: the outlook is better than it w...
Bad Year For Pheasants In Kansas
Three years of droughts have taken a toll on hunting across the country.In Kansas, it's been a bad y...
Kansas Pheasant Hunter Honors Father
As we all know, hunting is a family tradition. It gives fathers an opportunity to connect with their...
Kansas Seeing Low Pheasant Numbers In 2013
This year has not been good for pheasant numbers.States and counties all over the Midwest and West h...
With Conditions Down in Kansas, Hunters Still Enjoy Pheasant Hunting with Friends and Family
Leave it to the kids to keep the spirits up during the recent opening of the Kansas pheasant hunting...
Pheasant Hunting Difficult Early in Kansas
Early word out of Kansas is the pheasant hunting has been difficult.
The Kansas Pheasant Season is Open for 2012-2013
The annual Kansas pheasant season is open and things are looking to be just okay at best.
Pheasant Numbers are Down in Kansas But Hunters Remain Optimistic
The drought had a big impact on the Kansas birds this summer.
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Anywhere in eastern half of kansas....
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Ashcreek Upland Game Hunting Ltd.
269 Pawnee Rd.
Topeka, KS 66610
Located in the heart of Kansas with an airport that is able to deal with just any business jet. At 30 miles South of Salina and 60 miles North of Wichita, The Ashcreek specializes in pheasant hunting, chukar hunting, dove and rabbit hunting, white tail deer hunting, spring turkey hunting and summer "get-a-ways" with camping and pond fishing. Moreover, you will enjoy clay target shooting with a great delectable meal. Departure for most groups is late afternoon of the final day's hunt but we can
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Our Product Manager will be the day-to-day middle person between our web developers and the rest of the team to action what weâve been working on to take it to the next and brightest level. Along the way, you will be working alongside a sharp, caring,5/1/2015 Brooklyn, NY Save This Job
Job Overview: The Technical Product Manager will be responsible for creating and executing the Geofeedia product roadmap from ideation through execution. Partnering with the sales, marketing and software engineering team, the Technical Product Manager will be responsible for5/7/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
As Twilio's customer and engineering team grow, we need an experienced technical product manager to help define services and tools to support our globally distributed multi-cloud infrastructure. About the job: We are looking for someone who is interested in helping define and4/27/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Location: Pasadena or Austin, CA Department: Product Type: Full Time Min. Experience: Manager/Supervisor Technical Product Manager Are you looking for an amazing career opportunity in software Product Management? Are you ready to be part of a dynamic startup culture, with the4/25/2015 Pasadena, CA Save This Job
TEAM: Technology LOCATION: Chicago, IL Job Description InContext Solutions is looking for a Technical Product Manager to assist in requirements gathering and management for our agile product development team. The Technical Product Manager is a critical role within3/3/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
As a Sr. Technical Product Manager at MarketLive, you will contribute to the growth of MarketLive?s leadership position in the e-commerce marketplace by advancing MarketLive? products and maximizing the value they bring to our customers. You will take part in a variety of product4/7/2015 Petaluma, CA Save This Job
Role: Technical Product Manager Mission of the company: mobileStorm?s goal is to create the most intelligent communication platform on the planet. We provide a cloud-based mobile communication platform that helps organizations reach consumers in multiple ways. By combining3/29/2015 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job
Location Mountain View - CA Job Description Job Level: Senior or Director Functional Area: Product Employment Type: Full-Time Regular Education Required: Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Engineering; MBA preferred Experience Required: 10-15 Years Other Credentials:4/25/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
Position Summary RSi is seeking a Technical Product Manager for its fast growing Digital Targeting and Measurement Services. As a Technical Product Manager you will play a unique role to drive product vision, define roadmaps, and work closely with all stakeholders. You will be4/4/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
You are an experienced technical product manager or product owner who is seeking an opportunity that not only will allow you to utilize your skills in managing and maintaining cutting-edge mobile applications, but will also give you a chance to be involved in the strategic vision3/30/2015 Broomfield, CO Save This Job
PeachWorks is looking for a self-driven Technical Product Manager with a strong software development background to work closely with our product group. You?ll work across all of PeachWork?s products and help developers - both internal and external - make the most out of our Peach5/6/2015 Ann Arbor, MI Save This Job
More information about this job: Overview: As a Senior Technical Product Manager you will be (or will become) a Subject Matter Expert (SME) on new and existing LoadMaster features. You will be responsible for from initial definition to the delivery of the feature within the KEMP4/28/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
The Company: Iris Mobile is an innovative mobile technology company focusing on mobile relationship management (MRM) for brands and advertisers. Our SaaS platform helps brands identify their best customers through millions of personalized mobile conversations, using predictive4/28/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
Job reference:118433 Location:California - San Francisco Salary:Negotiable Job type:Permanent Sector:Big Data & Cloud Computing Date posted:11 Feb 2015 Contact:Mary KypreosinShare Nginx, Inc. is the world's fastest growing web server and application acceleration company, with4/12/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
We are seeking a Technical Project Manager to manage and coordinate manufacturing and development projects and the interaction between Superpedestrianâs internal R&D and our manufacturing partners.5/4/2015 Cambridge, MA Save This Job
The Technical Project Manager leads integration efforts with customers of BloomReachâs rapidly growing enterprise web-based services. This challenging role combines the jobs of a technical engineering lead, communicator, and project manager.5/1/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
As a Product Manager on Compass, your goal will be to make a very early product successful - working with a small, cross functional team of engineering, sales, marketing, account management as well as customers.5/1/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
As a Technical Account Manager at BloomReach, you will ensure success of our premier customers by providing expertise in technology, implementation and functionality of BloomReach products.5/1/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
As a Product Manager with the Community team you'll build bridges between the people who power our marketplace.5/21/2015 Brooklyn, NY Save This Job
As a Product Manager, you'll develop and ship successful, meaningful products that help Etsy sellers succeed.5/18/2015 Brooklyn, NY Save This Job


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The last time I saw Damon Albarn, he was jumping on Faris Badwan's back in the photo room at the NME Awards, a rowdy bit of XL bonhomie that's some distance from the soft-shoe sorrow of his first solo album. I say "first" – there was 'Democrazy' (an EP, but over several sides of inconveniently sized vinyl), Journey To The West','Dr Dee', any number of Gorillaz albums – all of these have claims to be "solo" in some way, but 'Everyday Robots', from its billing to its apparently confessional themes, is the real McCoy. Produced by his label boss and former hardcore rave nutter Richard Russell, it's a sometimes delicate but always compelling record that seems to peer into the Albarn psyche, and it goes a little something like this.
Everyday Robots
The title track wheezes along, squeaking like a rocking chair – these robots need winding up. It's a sweet, mournful melody, stark in its appraisal of all of us as "everyday robots on our phones/In the process of getting home". We're "out there on our own... in control/Or in the process of being so... getting old," and at this stage Albarn's not offering many shafts of light. It's as subdued an album opener as you're likely to hear and there are no euphoric techno bug-outs around the corner.
The album's closest cousin is The Good, The Bad And The Queen project, low on pace, high on haunting tunes – and possibly the memory of something else, but we'll come to that. There's a sense of overdoing it on 'Hostiles'. The "body aches", the "hostiles with whom we collude" feel like life's temptations, there to be fought off. At brass tacks level, it's another ballad but also another gripping production, with a shifting concrete beat and an angelic chorus running through like a shining thread.
Lonely Press Play
And don't get the glow sticks out quite yet, even though there's a brighter dubby flow, prettified by tinkling bells and mysterious synth meanders that owe something to The Specials' 'Ghost Town'. Jazzy piano affects a devil-may-care atmosphere, but the lyric feels honest and open: "You're not resolved in your heart/You're waiting for me... to improve". It's a gorgeous song and unbearably tender when Albarn whispers the final "...to improve" at the close.
Mr. Tembo
It takes a song about a baby elephant to inject a spring into the album's step, despite Mr. Tembo needing a "helping hand" to get up the hill. At times, 'Mr. Tembo''s African guitar bounce is so jaunty it feels as if it could launch into 'Upside Down', surf-bum folkie Jack Johnson's deathless theme to the venerated movie adaptation of Curious George. Lazy horns and a joyous choir take it somewhere a little more meaty.
The intro veers dangerously close to Kate Nash's 'Foundations', but stick with 'Parakeet' for its full 40-odd seconds because the electronic beats, glockenspiel trills and warm piano make a boho-pop that sounds like the kind of thing Johnny Borrell's light years away from making with Zazou.
The Selfish Giant
"Celebrate the passing drugs/Put 'em on the backseat while they're coursing through your blood" – yes, 'The Selfish Giant' is about a nuclear submarine. Well, that's hard to get a grip on ("Waiting for the final call that's coming down the line," maybe?), but what 'The Selfish Giant' really sounds like is a refined goodbye over dub bass and piping organ, drifting into a chorus that's devastating in its ordinary heartbreak: "I had a dream you were leaving/It's hard to be a lover when the TV's on/And nothing's in your eyes". The sort of thing you hope isn't autobiographical.
You And Me
Call it the fulcrum of the record. 'You And Me' is an elusive epic that, like other songs to come, seems to pick over Albarn's life and manor with shouts to All Saints Road and Westbourne Grove. "Jab, jab/Digging out a hole in Westbourne Grove/Tinfoil and a lighter/The ship across/Five days on and two days off" – he's probably not giving us details of his miracle diet. This is Albarn reliving 'My Heroin not-quite Hell; it was actually a rather creative period, now you ask'. As the song switches from yet another raw, lovely ballad to an unspeakably great coda ("You can blame me, blame me, blame me...) you're struck by the man's rare undiminished gifts and how it's really not fair.
Hollow Ponds
One for the Blur fans perhaps – "Modern life was sprayed onto a wall in 1993" – but 'Hollow Ponds' is broader than that, building from witchy Radiohead acoustic guitar to a grand peak with a glum trumpet solo and taking in the drought of 1976 and the 21st century "dreams we share on LCDs". That's a call back to 'Everyday Robots', the dehumanising effects of technology, and the song itself finally resolves into a drone and eerie electronic excursion.
Seven High
Speaking of reliving your past, buried deep in this one is a busy little snatch of fanfare that sounds like the old Pearl & Dean theme. You had to be there, I guess. Elsewhere, piano taunts like a nursery rhyme and it's all over too soon.
Photographs (You Are Taking Now)
"This is a precious opportunity," declares a TV voice before resounding bass with almost techno depth takes us from the "patent courts of nature" to "the church of John Coltrane". A fairly circuitous route, sure, that sees time pass from the taking to the taking down of photographs. But the melancholy starts to give way to John Barry-esque strings – and suddenly our hero's sipping Martinis in a tux. More of an Alex James image, really.
The History Of A Cheating Heart
Albarn's always been more of a Lennon – from 'Beetlebum' to 'Out Of Time', a bit Plastic Ono – but 'The History Of A Cheating Heart' has a spine-shivering hook and rising strings that are pure McCartney. "More than you know…" Otherwise there's a whisper of Nick Drake there on yet another atmospheric, intimate ballad that appears to give away more than it does; you can't be sure that you've got under Albarn's skin but it feels as close as you'll ever get.
Heavy Seas Of Love
And it all ends with a big, skewed pop song as Brian Eno joins Albarn for fruity, comforting harmonies – "When your soul isn't right/And it's raw to the night… You're in safe hands" – that stick in your head like the verses to Michael Jackson's 'Heal The World'. Because they sound like the verses to Michael Jackson's 'Heal The World'. There's a crunchy chorus too, that'll have them singing along at Glastonbury's Park Stage on a twilit Saturday evening. Probably.


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Celtic captain Scott Brown is supremely confident that the Scotland national team can change their fortunes by qualifying for the 2016 European Championships.
The Scots were drawn alongside Germany, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Georgia and Gibraltar in Group D for Euro2016 qualifying, which kicks off in September this year, and midfielder Brown is targeting a successful campaign.
Scotland have not competed in a major tournament since the 1998 World Cup in France but Brown is hoping that changes for the UEFA tournament in the same country in just over two years.
"To reach the finals would be the biggest thing for me. When you're young you dream of playing at the Euros or World Cup," he told the Daily Record.
"I remember France 98 quite clearly and what we did there. There was a great atmosphere with all the Scotland fans over there, and even just watching it on telly it was a huge event.
"We think we're good enough to get there and we just have to prove it now.
"Most of the guys are based in England and playing in one of the best leagues in the world. So if they can do it down there there's no reason why we can't do it at the Euros."
For breaking stories and all the great banter like us on Facebook: facebook.com/tribalfootball


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Introduce your home to the best in comfort and function with this two piece sectional with RAF corner chaise with storage. Plush seats and hidden storage make this sofa a winning item for large parties or a movie date with friends. The double reclining loveseat features power recline, so you can stretch out with ease to enjoy the two fully padded chaise style seats. A drop down table separates the two reclining seats on the loveseat, revealing two cup holders and a pocket perfect for storing magazines. On the other end of the sectional sofa, a chaise style seat presents a wonderful way to kick up your feet or create additional seating, and opens to reveal storage space for a blanket or entertainment accessories. Complete in a durable crimson DuraBlend®/Match upholstery, this sectional gives you amazing comfort with optimal function- an easy way to ensure your entertainment room or family room is fully equipped for fun.
The Primematic DuraBlend® - Crimson Contemporary 2 Piece Sectional Sofa with RAF Corner Chaise w/ Storage by Signature Design by Ashley Furniture at Sam's Appliance & Furniture in the Fort Worth, Arlington, Dallas, Irving, Texas area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
This affordable alternative to full-leather provides the same pleasing feel and look of cowhide leathers made partly from leather and partly from manmade materials. DuraBlend is a bonded leather, which is a material that's easy to clean and resistant to damage, so you don't need to worry about leaving your furniture in the hands of your kids or pets.
Get any style of recliner, from plush and cozy to sophisticated and traditional, for a low price tag when buying from this manufacturer.
Unlike recliners that are built with a two- or three-piece seat and leg rest cushion, this recliner has a single chaise cushion that extends from the seat to the feet. This style offers a fuller comfort and support for your legs, as well as eliminating the open gap that toddlers can get fingers or toys stuck in.
Make your family room or entertainment room complete with the extremely functional and comfortable items from the Primematic DuraBlend® - Crimson series. Made up of sectionals and a rocker recliner, this collection ensures seating for everyone. The sectionals feature hidden storage in a drop down table and in the chaise seat, allowing you to easily store and take out a blanket when guests come over, or discreetly tuck away a magazine to read another time. Padded pillow arms create a plush look that complements the fully padded chaise style seats on the loveseat portion of the sectional. For an added touch of style, divided seat backs on each item are sure to enhance the contemporary feel of your home. Power recline on the loveseat portion of the sectional let you ease back into your perfect position, while the recliner features swivel and rocker features to help you move about more easily. Upholstered in crimson DuraBlend®/Match upholstery, the Primematic series offers perfect function with an easy to clean surface, guaranteeing you'll feel more prepared when your friends stop by to catch up or a fun evening in with your family.
The Primematic DuraBlend® - Crimson collection is a great option if you are looking for Contemporary furniture in the Fort Worth, Arlington, Dallas, Irving, Texas area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
View other items in the Primematic DuraBlend® - Crimson collection available from Sam's Appliance & Furniture in the Fort Worth, Arlington, Dallas, Irving, Texas area.
This item has been tagged as: Sectional with Recliner, Recliner Sectional, Reclining Sectional, Seating, Couches, Couch, Sofa, Reclining Home Theater Furniture, Living Room Furniture, Accent Furniture, Reclining Love Seat, Loveseat Recliner, Reclining Couch, Reclining Sofa, Couch with Recliner, Sofa with Recliner, Motion Furniture, Moving Furniture, Living Room Furniture, Family Room Furniture, Great Room Furniture, Den Furniture, Home Furnishing
Sam's Appliance & Furniture is the best place to shop for furniture, electronics, and appliances in Fort Worth, Arlington, and all the Fort Worth Metroplex in Texas. Visit Sam's Appliance & Furniture to get the best furniture, electronics and appliance shopping experience in the Fort Worth, Arlington, & Fort Worth Metroplex. Sam's Appliance & Furniture offers unbeatable customer service and friendly and knowledgeable salespeople. Sam's Appliance & Furniture also offers great lease to own and rent to own furniture, appliance and electronics optionsm whether you're looking to buy a sofa, dining set, bedroom, refrigerator or TV. Sam's Appliance & Furniture serves the communities of Fort Worth, Arlington, Dallas, Irving, Fort Worth Metroplex, Haltom City, Grand Prairie, Bedford, North Richland Hills, Euless, Carrollton, Lewisville, Keller, Crowley, Oak Cliff, Duncanville, Burleson,Texas.
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Sam's Appliance & Furniture Fort Worth, Arlington, Dallas, Irving, Texas. Sam's Appliance & Furniture features a great selection of living room, bedroom, dining room, home office, entertainment, accent, furniture, mattress, electronics, and appliances and can help you with your home design and decorating. View recent additions to our online catalog.
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March Madness is under way with the beginning of — and conclusion of some — college basketball conference tournaments.
The madness will kick into high gear at homes, schools and offices across Catawba County after the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament selection committee announces the "Big Dance" field of 68 on Sunday evening.
Will you participate in the madness, and how many brackets will you fill out for various pools and online contests? Vote now at observernewsonline.com.
Creativity flows through Mason Strother.
It always has.
"Mason's been drawing since he was big enough to pick up a pencil," said his grandfather, Randy Halsey. "He'd sit in his highchair and draw."
Mason has drawn images of Spiderman since he was 4, said his father, Jay.
"His imagination won't stop," Jay said. "He'll probably go home tonight and draw for two hours. He'll hit the door, and he won't stop."
The local Red Cross chapter continues to help dozens of Burke County residents get back on their feet following January tornadoes.
Tornadoes ripped through small communities in Burke County, just across the Catawba County line, destroying or damaging at least 97 homes.
Mobile homes in the Icard community were turned to shreds, and residents lost everything.
Those residents continue to receive help putting their lives back together.
Cops arrested a Maiden man on drug and child abuse charges after finding more than a half-pound of marijuana in his home Wednesday night.
Lincoln County Sheriff's Office narcotics investigators and SWAT team members executed a search warrant at the Woodstream Drive home of Jarvis Lanard Miller, 27.
Miller is charged with two felony counts of possession with the intent to manufacture, sell and deliver marijuana; and one felony count each of maintaining a dwelling for a controlled substance and maintaining a vehicle for a controlled substance.

The N.C. Department of Transportation announced Thursday that it plans to replace a 50-year-old bridge in Catawba that is "structurally deficient."

NCDOT officials said the department approved a contract to replace the Boggs Road Bridge over Hagan Creek in Catawba, a project that will cost about $847,000.

NCDOT Secretary Gene Conti awarded the contract to Sunbelt Structures Inc., of Tucker, Ga., and work will begin as early as April 2 and should be completed by Feb. 10, 2013, according to information provided by NCDOT.

A former Maiden municipal employee and high school soccer coach who once held a position of trust in the town is now indicted for embezzlement.

A Catawba County Grand Jury indicted Dennis Rolando Ly, of Maiden, this week on three felony counts of embezzlement of public funds by a public officer or trustee.

Ly, who worked as a part-time employee for Maiden Parks and Recreation for nearly 15 years, is accused of taking funds intended for sports leagues and other parks and recreation activities for personal use.

Fans of the National Gourd Lady are remembering Margaret "Sparky" Sparkman after she passed away in the night Tuesday.
See The O-N-E's tribute to Sparky, as well as elected officials' reflections on the perpetually positive "jewel of Conover" — all in the Thursday print edition of The O-N-E.
Government is going live on the Internet, as Conover is working on a project to stream city council meetings on the web.
Police in Hickory busted a small-scale methamphetamine lab after an anonymous tip.


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Our Members Say
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- Reviews: 12
Hotel Moana Hou
My favourite place on Wallis was the Moana Hou a bit outside Mata Utu on the shore. Some rooms were still under construction, but there was no distubance because of work (you are in the Pacific, where everything is slow), but this my change, so check this before. The hosts were extreme helpful with transport and island tours. You can also eat there if you notice before and the food is a great mix of frenc and local cuisine.The family owns a motu (island on the reef), great for swimming.
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Navy christens 'giant Swiss Army knife'
Glenn remained in the Marines as a test pilot, where he was known as a choirboy who had unflinching courage and extraordinary skill. He came to the government's attention in 1957 when he set a supersonic speed record on a flight from the Los Angeles area to New York. The feat helped lead to his selection two years later as one of NASA's original seven astronauts during Project Mercury.
At the time, the United States was badly trailing Russia in the space race. The low point came in April 1961, when Russia became the first country to send a man into space. That increased pressure on NASA, which was struggling to develop a reliable launch rocket and space capsule.
On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn wiggled his way into Friendship 7, a 2,700-pound cocoon. Fellow Mercury astronaut Scott Carpenter leaned into a microphone that day and said, "Godspeed, John Glenn."
Glenn was soon on a hair-raising, three-orbit ride around Earth. He had to take manual command of the capsule when an issue arose with the automatic control system. A short circuit also mistakenly indicated that a clamp holding the capsule's heat shield had released prematurely. But Glenn safely parachuted into the Atlantic Ocean, where he was picked up by a U.S. destroyer.
Sean Stackley, assistant secretary of the Navy for research, development and acquistion, recalled that flight Saturday in words so thrilling that Greenert complained about having to follow him to the podium.
Glenn is familiar with such praise. He spoke of recently attending a dinner in which the emcee said Glenn represented the fact that there are few truly great men in the world.
"Driving home that night I said, 'Annie, there are few truly great men in this world.' It took her about two seconds to say, 'Let me tell you something; There's surely one less than you think.'"
He took a more somber tone moments later, standing in the shadow of the ship that bears his name.
"(The) security threat to the country has changed dramatically," Glenn said. "This is really an innovative first step to responding to that, enabling the Marine Corps in particular to do force projection. ... It' doesn't look like a regular ship. That's its strength."


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Canoe stern dingy davits
Can anyone give me a suggestion as to what the best brand of dingy davits is for a canoe stern? I have a nauticat 33. Thanks in advance.:)
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
Standard Kato or Garhauer folding lawn chair davits will do. Won't look great.
Kato Marine
Garhauer Marine Hardware -4818062
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
Thank you. Im looking at kato I was hoping there was one i didnt have to fend off the stern while raising and had more eye appeal.
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
I have them having off the stern, but let's admit, no dinghy looks good on the back of a sailboat. They're just practical.
Unless you install something that has a long arm, and therefore a lot of undesired leverage, fending is a part of raising and lower most dinks. Kato does make a set of boxed aluminum davits that look much nicer that SS pipe.
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
The davits came with the boat and goes back 2 owners to the original in '99 so I have no idea who made them. The pictures are just for ideas. And yes, they are ugly and add 5' to LOA. I have a 43' slip and I use the whole thing between the sprit and davits/dingy.
Here's a shot of the thru-hull connection to the aft berth while I was making some mods -
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
Thank you for your help. I just ordered a set of kato davits looks like they will work fine and made for nc33 stern
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
I don't think those davits are ugly. Well, no uglier than most anyway. I don't think the eye processes the davits as an aesthetic element.
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
We have Kato on our canoe stern.
Re: Canoe stern dingy davits
not to jack your thread but Does any one thing they can be made out of wood? or some other material. i would like davits but i'm not going to pay that price.
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Ugh watching people who think they're funny when they're not is just terrible.
Last edited by Jb; 3rd October 2012 at 1:29 AM.
Nice masturbation discussion.
oh it's a love/hate romance. 'cause i could watch her dance, if i've got my boots.
credit to Ruby Moon
Watch me tumble stuff:
More incorrect information should be posted here. It's the only way a masturbation discussion can be less bad.
Fighting for real American turtles everywhere. Pro-Turtle since 6/30/13
No, because the first part is still correct.
So today this guy asked me what day it was.
I told him, "it's October 3rd."
Running for the thrill of it
And you questioned my sanity. My Anime List


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Read our Barcelona city guide for information about eating out, things to do and much more.View Barcelona Guide »
FEET UP Garden House is a natural and peaceful hostel in Barcelona. At Garden House you will find a friendly, fun... More Info »
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The Alternative Creative Youth Home is located in a beautiful heritage building, right in the heart of the city, just... More Info »
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We offer the most comprehensive selection of hostels on the internet with over 35,000 great places to stay in 180 countries. The ultimate online resource for hostels everywhere.Find great value hostels »


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new here and in need of help
How should i proceed from here? I am from Denmark and have no clue as to how the archive-stuff works in Germany. Are there online parish registrations in Germany? Or how does it work?
in Denmark you can look in online parish registrations up to 1960 so it's easy for me to find out stuff about my Danish ancestors but it seems that it will be harder to find stuff in Germany. I am sorry if this entry is a bit confusing... but i am confused myself. Lol
Btw. If anyone needs help to find ancestors in Denmark i'd be happy to see if i can help you out :)
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With your child making a skip!
Making fun! And pleasure flying! Past is nostalgic, rubber powered aircraft. Is making this and often reminds me of when I was a kid in? Making I will come to your child, making rubber power airplane fun memories.
Click here for advanced rubber power plane. Please try A luxury light plain intermediate who want to start at the first intermediate! Also offers child-friendly friendly airplanes.
Little larger in B grade, flew a high-performance views. World standards of international competition class, so preeminent rising power, endurance and penetration. After brushing flight techniques and technology in the intermediate grade, take a look at this class to try!
Rubber powered aircraft, will in many experienced rubber is cut I want to play more and became 飛ばせなく of what? Especially your child had strongly around the rubber, it is easy to cut. From use with the end become riddled Ivo Ivo. Like that so we have spare rubber come together to purchase.
Come on, spend hours of fun with your child!
|Product name
|Rubber powered aircraft [senior class light plain, PEGASUS Pegasus LP-08 B directed] UM Union model-ユニオンクラフトホビー
|Union model co., Ltd. スタジオミド (original release)
|Bag exterior: 650 x 100x10mm
|Exterior included weight: 110 g
|Complete machine specifications
-Length: 637 mm
-Blade length: 690 mm
Wing area :7.8dm2
-Weight: 45 g
Wing loading :5.8g/dm2
-Rubber: 1 × 3 × 3, 700 mm
-Propeller: 240 mm
* Glue not included in this kit. Please buy woodworking glue to another.
|Birthdays, anniversaries and entrance celebration, school celebration, graduation gifts, graduation keepsakes,-, gifts, presents, gift, celebration and return and gifts and freebies and memorabilia and gift and midyear and sought and Valentine's day and Christmas and mother's day, father's day and craft and children explore in the craft of golf giveaway, spring break, summer vacation, winter break, free research, and parent-child
|Toys, toys, educational toys, handmade, craft Kit, exploration, rubber power airplane, children and craft
Start Date: 21/05/2015 00:00 JST
End Date: 31/05/2015 23:59 JST
This product cannot be shipped to United States from the store.
Please contact the store for further information.


text:
When I layed down on my back flat, the right bottom portion of my stomach raised and I could feel the pressure and see my belly raised. When I put my hand on that area it slowly disappeared back into my stomach. It was so cool. This is the earliest Ive felt any of my babies. I still havent felt any kicks or movements while in any other posistion or any other time.
Anyone else feel or see baby move yet?


text:
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Rose And Apples
Roses and apples both are dominated with the red color, the color of love. Print this Valentines card now and let the red happiness of love dominate your loved ones day by writing down a message that will truly warm their heart and soul.
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