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The polarization instability inherent in laterally-oxidized VCSELs may be mitigated by employing an appropriately-shaped device aperture, a misoriented substrate, one or more cavities or employing the shaped device aperture together with a misoriented substrate and/or cavities. The laterally-oxidized VCSELs are able to operate in a single polarization mode throughout the entire light output power versus intensity curve. Combining the use of misoriented substrates with a device design that has an asymmetric aperture that reinforces the polarization mode favored by the substrate further improves polarization selectivity. Other device designs, however, can also be combined with substrate misorientation to strengthen polarization selectivity.
1. A method for making a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser device for producing polarized light comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate;
forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a surface of said substrate wherein one of said semiconductor layers comprises an active layer and another of said semiconductor layers comprises a current controlling layer having a first axis substantially orthogonal to a second axis in a plane substantially parallel to said surface of said substrate, said current controlling layer being penetrated by a plurality of non-conducting cavities;
forming an asymmetric aperture region in said current controlling layer which controls current flowing through said active region, said asymmetric aperture region being defined by a conductive region in said current controlling layer bordered by non-conductive regions in said current controlling layer such that a first dimension of said conductive region along said first axis is less than a second dimension of said conductive region along said second axis to produce light polarized in a preferred direction, and wherein each of said non-conductive regions surrounds at least one of said plurality of non-conducting cavities; and
forming first and second electrodes located on said laser device to enable biasing of said active region.
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13. A method for making a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser device for producing polarized light comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate;
forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a surface of said substrate wherein one of said semiconductor layers comprises an active layer and another of said semiconductor layers comprises a current controlling layer said current controlling layer being penetrated by a plurality of non-conducting cavities;
forming an aperture region in said current controlling layer which controls current flowing through said active region, said aperture region being defined by a conductive region in said current controlling layer bordered by non-conductive regions in said current controlling layer and a cavity adjacent to said aperture region to induce an asymmetry on said active region so as to produce light polarized in a preferred direction, and wherein each of said non-conductive regions surrounds at least one of said plurality of non-conducting cavities; and
forming first and second electrodes located on said laser device to enable biasing of said active region.
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15. The method of
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/389,160 filed Sep. 2, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,304,588, which is a Continuation in Part claiming the benefit of application Ser. No. 09/364,614 filed Jul. 29, 1999 now abandoned which is a Continuation in Part of application Ser. No. 08/940,867 filed Sep. 30, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,978,408, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application 60/037,175 filed Feb. 7, 1997.
The present invention relates generally to semiconductor lasers. More specifically, the invention allows for the elimination of the polarization instability in laterally-oxidized vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers.
Solid state semiconductor lasers are important devices in applications such as optoelectronic communication systems and high-speed printing systems. Recently, there has been an increased interest in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers ("VCSEL's") although edge emitting lasers are currently used in the vast majority of applications. A reason for the interest in VCSEL's is that edge emitting lasers produce a beam with a large angular divergence, making efficient collection of the emitted beam more difficult. Furthermore, edge emitting lasers cannot be tested until the wafer is cleaved into individual devices, the edges of which form the mirror facets of each device. On the other hand, not only does the beam of a VCSEL have a small angular divergence, a VCSEL emits light normal to the surface of the wafer. In addition, since VCSEL's incorporate the mirrors monolithically in their design, they allow for on-wafer testing and the fabrication of one-dimensional or two-dimensional laser arrays.
A known technique to fabricate VCSEL's is by a lateral oxidation process, as schematically illustrated in
The current lateral oxidation approach has several disadvantages, such as large mesa, large oxidation region, and poor control of the aperture size. A key disadvantage of this approach is the difficulty in controlling the amount of oxidation. Generally, the desired device aperture is on the order of one to ten microns (μm), which means that several tens of microns of lateral oxidation will typically be required in order to fabricate the device when oxidizing in from the sides of the much larger mesa, which must typically be 50 to 100 microns in size. Since the size of the resulting aperture is small relative to the extent of the lateral oxidation regions, the devices formed generally have severe variations in aperture size as a result of non-uniform oxidation rates from wafer to wafer and across a particular wafer. The oxidation rate of AlGaAs depends strongly on its aluminum composition. Any composition non-uniformity will be reflected by changes in the oxidation rate, which in turn creates uncertainty in the amount of oxidation. The process is also relatively temperature-sensitive. As the oxidation rate varies, it is difficult to ascertain the extent to which a laser structure will be oxidized, thereby decreasing reproducibility in device performance. In short, such a process often creates various manufacturability and yield problems.
Another disadvantage of a VCSEL formed by a traditional lateral oxidation approach is the difficulty it creates in forming high density laser arrays. In order to oxidize a buried layer of high aluminum content, an etching process is performed leaving a mesa. After the etching of this mesa, lateral oxidation is performed such that the oxidized regions define a laser aperture of a particular size. The use of a mesa structure, in part, limits the minimum spacing between two lasers in an array. The step height of the mesa is typically several microns because of the need to etch through a thick upper DBR mirror. Additionally, the top surface of the mesa also has to be relatively large so that a metal contact can be formed on it without covering the lasing aperture. Typically, the minimum size of an electrical contact is approximately 50×50 μm2. Hence, the step height of the mesa and the placement of the electrical contact on the surface make it difficult to form highly compact or high density laser arrays.
A solution to some of the problems associated with a typical mesa structure is the use of a shallow mesa. In order to use a shallow mesa, the upper mirror is not formed by an epitaxial process. Instead, the upper mirror is formed by a deposited multilayer dielectric material, which reflects light. Electrical contact is made directly onto the upper portion of the active region. Devices formed under this approach have been fabricated on mesas with widths of approximately twelve microns. However, the added complexity of depositing a dielectric material and using a liftoff process to define the contact make it difficult to optimize the devices for low threshold current and high efficiency.
A VCSEL formed by a traditional lateral oxidation approach often suffers from poor mechanical or structural integrity. It is well-known that the upward pressure applied during a packaging process may cause delamination of the entire mesa since the bonding of the oxide layer to the unoxidized GaAs or AlGaAs is generally weak.
Light from typical VCSELs is usually polarized along one of two orthogonal directions along the wafer surface. The dominant polarization can switch back and forth between these two orthogonal orientations as the operating current to the VCSEL is varied because there is no natural preference for either orthogonal direction. The polarization instability is a major drawback because it limits VCSELs to applications where no polarization sensitive optical elements are present. Moreover, if the VCSEL is modulated, sudden changes in polarization states can result in undesirable light intensity fluctuations that contribute to signal noise.
There are several known methods for controlling VCSEL polarization. These include making devices with anisotropic mesa geometries as described by K. Choquette and R. Leibenguth in "Control of vertical-cavity laser polarization with anisotropic cavity geometries", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 40–42, 1994, making devices with tilted etched-pillar structures as described by H. Y. Chu et al. in "Polarization characteristics of index-guided surface emitting lasers with tilted pillar structure", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1066–1068, 1997, use of dielectric top mirrors with coated sidewalls as described by M. Shimuzi et al. in "Polarisation control for surface emitting lasers", Electronics Letters, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1067–1069, 1991, using substrates having a misoriented surface as described in Compound Semiconductor, May/June, p. 18, 1997 or milling a cavity next to a completed gain-guided device as described by P. Dowd et al. in "Complete polarisation control of GaAs gain-guided top-surface emitting vertical cavity lasers", Electronic Letters, vol. 33, no. 15, pp. 1315–1317, 1997.
Large arrays of densely-packed VCSELs are attractive light sources for applications such as laser printbars, where there may be thousands of semiconductor lasers on a small chip operating to transfer print images at high speed. Laterally-oxidized VCSELs are of particular interest because these VCSELs operate with exceedingly low threshold currents and high efficiencies, properties that are important for densely-packed VCSEL arrays. The polarization instability inherent in laterally-oxidized VCSELs may be mitigated by employing an appropriately-shaped device aperture, a misoriented substrate, one or more cavities or employing the shaped device aperture together with a misoriented substrate and/or cavities. The laterally-oxidized VCSELs are able to operate in a single polarization mode throughout the entire light output power versus intensity curve.
While a certain degree of polarization selectivity can be achieved by making devices on substrates whose surfaces are misoriented from, for example, the {100} surface, this method often does not produce sufficient polarization selectivity. A more effective solution involves combining the use of misoriented substrates with a device design that has an asymmetric aperture that reinforces the polarization mode favored by the substrate. Other device designs, however, can also be combined with substrate misorientation to strengthen polarization selectivity.
An alternative device design is discussed in "Complete polarisation control of GaAs gain-guided top-surface emitting vertical cavity laser" by P. Dowd, et al. In this VCSEL, deep 1 μm wide cavities placed between 1 and 2 μm from the cavity aperture produce differential loss for the two polarization modes. The cavities are formed after device fabrication using a focus ion beam etcher. The favored polarization mode using this method is found to be in a direction perpendicular to the cavity. In this example, enhanced polarization selectivity can by achieved by fabricating the VCSEL on a misoriented substrate and aligning the cavity along a direction perpendicular to the polarization mode favored by the misoriented substrate.
Another method of producing polarization selectivity involves applying an anisotropic stress either by external means or by a built in mechanism as discussed in "Engineered polarization control of GaAs/AlGaAs surface-emitting lasers by anisotropic stress from elliptical etched substrate hole" by T. Mukaihara, et al. An elliptical hole is first etched and a high thermal expansion coefficient material is then deposited on the hole. The high thermal expansion material can be a thin film, an epitaxial layer, or an adhesive. The resulting anisotropic stress produces a gain difference between the two polarization modes resulting in a favored polarization direction along the short axis of the elliptical hole. Enhanced polarization selectivity can again be achieved by fabricating the VCSEL on a misoriented substrate and aligning the short axis of the elliptical hole to the polarization direction favored by the misoriented substrate.
A VCSEL employing an asymmetric etched mesa can also produce polarization preference as illustrated in "Control of vertical-cavity laser polarization with anisotropic transverse cavity geometries" by K. Choquette, et al. VCSELs utilizing dumbbell-shaped mesas have polarization preferences along the long axis of the dumbbell. The polarization preference can again be strengthened by making the device on a misoriented substrate and by positioning the long axis of the dumbbell-shaped mesa along a polarization direction favored by the misoriented substrate.
There are various means of producing a polarization preference by different VCSEL designs. However, most VCSEL designs do not produce sufficient polarization selectivity to completely suppress the non preferred polarization mode. The polarization selectivity can be significantly improved by fabricating these devices on misoriented substrates and designing the VCSELs so that their favored polarization direction reinforces the polarization preference that is inherent in the misoriented substrate.
The advantages and objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention, its preferred embodiments, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
Above the GaAs buffer layer 102 is a superlattice structure for forming a lower distributed Bragg reflector ("DBR") 104 which provides a portion of the necessary internal reflection in a VCSEL structure. The lower DBR 104 is typically formed by multiple pairs of an AlGaAs layer with a high aluminum content (approximately 86% aluminum) and another AlGaAs layer with a low aluminum content (approximately 16% aluminum). After the growth of a number of layer pairs (typically 35 Si doped pseudoparabolically graded DBR pairs), a final AlGaAs layer with a high aluminum content is deposited before growing the first cladding layer 106 of the optical cavity. A typical thickness of each layer pair is approximately 120 nanometers for a laser emitting at 820 nanometers. The total thickness of each layer pair is designed to be equal to one half of the optical wavelength at the intended wavelength of laser operation. The thickness of the final high aluminum content layer is designed to be a quarter of the optical wavelength at the intended wavelength of laser operation. The AlGaAs layer with a high aluminum content contains approximately 86% aluminum. The aluminum content of the AlGaAs layer with a high aluminum content should be sufficiently high to provide for a low refractive index, but not so high as to oxidize easily. The AlGaAs layer with a low aluminum content has an aluminum content of approximately 16%. The composition of the AlGaAs layer with a low aluminum content should typically have sufficient aluminum so that it is non-absorptive at the lasing wavelength.
Under this embodiment, since light is outcoupled through the top surface of the semiconductor sample, the reflectivity of the lower DBR 104 should be as close to 100% as possible in order to achieve high internal reflection. High internal reflection generally reduces the threshold current of a laser. It is well-known that the reflectivity of the lower DBR 104 is generally a function of the difference in the refractive indices between the two AlGaAs layers of the superlattice and the number of layer pairs in the structure. The greater the difference in the refractive indices, the fewer number of pairs are required to obtain a given reflectivity. For example, 30 to 40 pairs of AlGaAs layers may be used to form the lower DBR structure 104.
After the lower DBR structure 104 has been deposited epitaxially, an AlGaAs cladding layer 106 is deposited. This lower AlGaAs cladding layer 106 has an aluminum content of about 58% and is n-type with a doping level of 1×1018 cm−3 to 5×1018 cm−3. Its thickness is approximately 100 nanometers. Above this AlGaAs cladding layer 106 is the active layer 108 of the laser structure which comprises four InAlGaAs quantum wells with a thickness of about four to ten nanometers, typically about four nanometers, along with five Al0.35Ga0.65As barriers with a thickness of about two to eight nanometers, typically about six nanometers. Depending upon the desired output wavelength of the laser structure, pure GaAs or AlGaAs with a low aluminum content may be also used to form the quantum well structures. Nothing in this invention prevents the use of a single quantum well or other multiple quantum well ("MQW") structures to form the active layer 108.
Above the active layer 108 is an upper AlGaAs cladding layer 110, which is structurally similar to the lower AlGaAs cladding layer 106 except for the polarity of its dopants. This upper cladding layer 110 has an aluminum content of about 58% but is p-type with a doping level of 1×1018 cm−3 to 4×1018 cm−3. Similar to the lower AlGaAs cladding layer 106, the thickness of top cladding layer 110 is also about 100 nanometers. These two AlGaAs cladding layers, 106 and 110, along with the active layer 108 generally form the optical cavity in which the desired optical gain can be attained. The total optical thickness of layers 106, 108, and 110 is adjusted to be equal to an integer multiple of the intended wavelength of laser operation.
Above the upper AlGaAs cladding layer 110 is an oxidation layer 112, which is used to form the laser aperture. The laser aperture controls the current flow and thus the lasing location in the active layer 108. Under this embodiment, this oxidation layer 112 is above the upper AlGaAs cladding layer 110. Nothing in this invention prevents the placement of this oxidation layer 112 in another location either further above or below the active layer 108. Typically, this oxidation layer 112 has an aluminum content of approximately 95% and a thickness of about 70 nanometers. Typically, this oxidation layer 112 constitutes the first layer of an upper DBR mirror and contains a p-type dopant.
After the oxidation layer 112 has been formed, the remainder of an upper DBR mirror 114 which contains p-type doping is deposited. The upper DBR mirror 114 is structurally similar to the lower DBR mirror 104 except for the polarity of its dopants. Additionally, the mirror layer closest to each side of the active region generally has a high aluminum content. In this embodiment, this high aluminum content layer is also the oxidation layer 112. In this embodiment, the reflectivity of the upper DBR 114 is typically 98% to 99% because light will be outcoupled through the surface of the semiconductor sample. Typically, 20 to 25 pairs of alternate AlGaAs layers are used to form this upper DBR mirror 114. Typically, a p-AlGaAs current spreading layer and a final 22 nanometer thick p+ GaAs layer are grown above top DBR mirror 114.
As illustrated in
During the oxidation process, other layers in the structure remain essentially unoxidized since their aluminum content is lower. The oxidation rate of AlGaAs increases with the aluminum content in a generally exponential manner at constant temperature. The time duration of the oxidation process depends upon the aluminum content in the oxidation layer 112 and the oxidation temperature. A desirable, controllable oxidation duration would be a few tens of minutes. Therefore, the layer that is being oxidized is the AlGaAs which has a high aluminum content of close to 95%. The portion of the AlGaAs layer which remains unoxidized controls the current path through the active layer 108.
After the oxidation process, the areas 124 are oxidized and the unoxidized portion 122 forms the aperture which controls the current path through the active layer 108. Current flow through that portion of the active layer 108 which lies below the aperture 122 results in an injected density of p-type and n-type carriers, resulting in optical amplification. At sufficiently high current flow, this optical amplification, in combination with feedback from the DBR mirrors, 104 and 114, will result in laser oscillation and emission from the active layer within the region defined by aperture 122 in oxidation layer 112.
Isolation region 130 (illustrated in
After the isolation process, metal contacts 132 and 134 are formed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the semiconductor structure, respectively, for biasing the laser, as illustrated in
A typical transparent conductor is indium tin oxide ("ITO") which is deposited by a sputtering process prior to etching cavities 126 as described above. This procedure is self-aligned and greatly simplifies fabrication and is enabled by the stability of ITO during the lateral oxidation process (see "Low-threshold InAlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays using transparent electrodes" by C. L. Chua et al. in Applied Physics Letters, vol. 72, no. 9, 1001, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety). A half-wavelength thick ITO film is first deposited over the p+ GaAs contact layer overlying p-AlGaAs current spreading layer which is grown over DBR layer 114. The ITO film is then successively rapid thermal annealed at 300 and at 600° C. for 2 min each in a nitrogen ambient. The low-temperature anneal crystallizes the deposited amorphous ITO film, while the second, higher-temperature anneal induces ohmic contact formation between the ITO film and the p+ GaAs contact layer. The transparent ITO film attains a post anneal contact resistance of 2×10−5 ohm cm2, a sheet resistivity of 5×10−4 ohm cm, and a power transmission coefficient of 98% at an emission wavelength of 817 nanometers.
Next a set of cavities 126, typically having a diameter of 2 μm delineating laser aperture 122 is patterned as shown in
Positioning of cavities 126 is typically selected so that lateral oxidation needs to proceed by only a few micrometers from the perimeters of cavities 126. This reduced path of oxidation compared to typical etched pillar devices reduces the sensitivity of laser aperture 126 to variations in oxidation rates. The aluminum content of oxidation layer 112 is relatively low in order to lengthen the oxidation time so that transients are minimized. As noted above, the ITO film is not effected by the oxidation process.
An alternative embodiment of the top contact is shown in
In the laser device of
In the laser device of
The composition, dopants, doping levels, and dimensions given above are exemplary only, and variations in these parameters are permissible. Additionally, other layers in addition to the ones shown in the figures may also be included. Variations in experimental conditions such as temperature and time are also permitted. Lastly, instead of GaAs and GaAlAs, other semiconductor materials such as GaAlSb, InAlGaP, or other III-V alloys may also be used.
The planar laterally-oxidized (PLO) VCSELs described above utilize holes or cavities 126, 226 or 326 to penetrate upper DBR mirror 114. Cavities 126, 226 or 326 serve to expose buried high aluminum layer 112 that is then selectively oxidized. Cavities 126, 226 or 326 may be arranged at the vertices of a polygon such that upon oxidation, the oxidized regions, such as oxidized regions 124 of cavities 126 border VCSEL aperture 122. Because oxidized regions 124 bordering aperture 122 have a refractive index lower than the refractive index of aperture 122 and are electrically insulating, oxidized regions 124 form a good lateral waveguide that also functions to confine current to aperture 122. The planar surface areas between cavities 126 allows electrical contacting and routing to be established in a planar manner. Inter-device isolation is accomplished using ion implantation.
Embodiments of VCSEL 400 that are seemingly identical may behave differently with respect to the polarization direction and polarization switching as shown in "Anisotropic apertures for polarization-stable laterally oxidized vertical-cavity lasers" by Chua et al., Applied Physics Letters vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 1631–1633 which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This is indicative of the polarization instability inherent in conventional devices such as, for example, VCSEL 400.
A stable polarization can be achieved if the symmetry between two orthogonal axes is broken by a sufficiently large perturbation. In an embodiment in accordance with the invention,
During oxidation, AlGaAs layer 124 surrounding aperture 122 contracts and the change in thickness of layer 124 results in mechanical stresses at the boundary between layer 124 and aperture 122 (see
Asymmetric apertures 522 on VCSELs 500 that are rotated ±90° from the orientation shown in
Substrate 2300 (see
However, substrates that are misoriented along a different direction and by different angles can also produce gain anisotropies. Since standard (100)-oriented substrates have crystal symmetries that belong to the D4th point group, their gain properties are isotropic in the substrate plane as a function of angle. Misoriented substrates, however, can have symmetries that produce gain anisotropies leading to directional gain dependencies as shown, for example, in
Gain curves for a given substrate orientation can be determined by first calculating the quantum wave functions using the multiband effective mass theory for the valence band and Kane's model (e.g., see E. O. Kane, in Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, v. 1, p. 249, (1957), incorporated by reference in its entirety) for the conduction band. In the multiband effective mass theory, the valence band Hamiltonian for a (100) substrate consists of the Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian (e.g., see J. M. Luttinger and W. Kohn in Physical Review, v. 97, p. 869 (1955), incorporated by reference in its entirety) and a strain-orbit potential term if the active layer is under stress. Details regarding the strain-orbital term may be found in G. E. Pikus and G. L. Bir in Soviet Physics-Solid State, vol. 1, 1502 (1960) incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Several sources of stress exist. First, stress on active layer 108 (see
The Hamiltonians for arbitrary wafer orientations may be obtained by performing a unitary transformation on the (100) Hamiltonians: H′=U(θ,φ,γ) H Ut(θ,φ,γ), where U(θ,φ,γ) is the rotation operator corresponding to the Euler angles θ, φ, and γ of the substrate relative to the (100) orientation. Once the Hamiltonians are determined, the energy band structure may be solved for numerically. The gain curve as a function of direction is then obtained by calculating the density of states and evaluating the relevant optical matrix elements.
The substrate orientation necessary to produce a desired gain versus polarization angle dependency can be investigated, for example, by using the PICS3D software program available from Crosslight Software, Inc. at 5450 Canotek Road, Unit 56, Gloucester, Ontario, Canada K1J9G4.
If VCSEL 400 is grown on misoriented substrate 2300, cavities 2601 and 2602 may be oriented perpendicular to the direction of polarization reinforced by misoriented substrate 2300 to further suppress the polarization instability for VCSEL 400.
If VCSEL 500 is grown on misoriented substrate 2300, cavities 2701 and 2702 and the major axis of aperture 522 may be oriented perpendicular to the direction of polarization reinforced by misoriented substrate 2300 to further suppress the polarization instability for VCSEL 500.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident to those skilled in the art that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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When Carolyn Carter opened The Joke Factory Comedy Club in November, she wanted to fill a void not only in Evansville, but in the comedy community as a whole.
"It is very rare for a female to own a comedy club," Carter said. "And I felt this is something Evansville has been missing, something that provides a unique kind of entertainment. Since the Funny Bone closed eight years ago, the community hasn't had something like this."
Comedians notice and appreciate working in a female-owned-and-operated business, she said.
"They said they love the warm welcome and how personable it is. When they are done with their last show here they are ready to book their next one," she said.
Featuring female headliners like upcoming Julie Scoggins is uncommon in most comedy clubs across the country, Carter said. But it's something she prides herself on doing. A recent female comedian new to the club said the world of comedy is a male-dominated field and has found it difficult to break out.
"She told me, 'It's nice to know I can come here and feel welcome,'" Carter said. "My main thing is to give every comedian — male and female — an opportunity to grace our stage."
The Joke Factory, at 217 Main St., presents two shows — 8 and 10:30 p.m. — every Friday and Saturday as well as on some Thursdays, serving those 21 and older. It seats about 92, serves alcohol, and Twilight Bistro, next door, serves food inside the club. Carter said she does her best to welcome each guest and is typically working the floor during the shows.
Evansville comedy fans who heard Scoggins on the John Boy & Billy radio show — which features her regularly and broadcasts on 107.5 — asked Carter to bring Scoggins to The Joke Factory.
She will play at 7:30 p.m. Thursday and at 8 and 10:30 p.m. Friday and Saturday nights.
Scoggins loves knowing she's coming into a community that where she already has fans.
"That's what keeps you going," Scoggins said. "It certainly isn't the money. It's about getting on that stage and making people laugh, making people want to come back and see you again."
Comedy definitely is a male-dominated field, Scroggins said, but not because women aren't welcome. It's just that the career attracts more men.
"Many times women are busy being moms and put that first instead of becoming comedians," she said. "I don't have children and have always had nontraditional jobs myself. In the 1980s I was a trucker by myself. It was pretty unusual to see that. I had a lot of fun and liked being out going place to place. That's carried into comedy, but at least with comedy I don't have to sleep in the truck or brush my teeth in a McDonald's bathroom. That part's an improvement."
She joined the comedy ranks at 37, late in the game by the industry's standards. Phyllis Diller started at the same age, however, she said, and Rodney Dangerfield didn't get his break until he was in his 40s. And one of her favorite comedians, Louis Black, is going strong at 62.
Scoggins found herself at her first open mic in Charlotte, N.C. She and her husband, Mark, had returned home after living out their Jimmy Buffett phase on a sailboat in the Virgin Islands. Before embarking on a monthslong cross-country camping trip, the couple sat in on several open mics at that same Charlotte club listening to comic after comic bomb.
"They were so bad, so awful," she said. "But we kept going back because it was free. These guys would go week after week with the same stuff. I kept saying, 'Why aren't they changing it up. They are coming back with the same lame attempts of jokes that didn't work last week.' My husband said I could do better than that."
They soon left for the camping trip and visited several comedy clubs along the way. With the prospect of needing to find a "real job" upon her return to Charlotte, Scoggins decided to write a few jokes. In two months of writing, she had five usable minutes.
"My husband said, 'Do open mic or go apply for jobs,' so I did it," she said with a laugh. "I don't think we realized it would take a while until you would actually make money. I was fortunate that my husband had a decent job and insurance so I could chase my dream for a bit."
After three years, Scoggins headlined her first show. She has kept at it and has traveled across the country. She describes her style as blue collar, Southern and real. While some comedians rely on made-up tales for their shows, Scoggins said her jokes are based in truth, the day-to-day stuff.
"I'm too lazy to make stuff up," Scoggins said, her parrot, Cheeky, on her shoulder.
Carter is excited to have Scoggins at the club, where she strives to bring "clean" comedy to audiences.
Scoggins joins the ranks of some other well-known comedians who have performed there including the Disgruntled Clown (a seven-foot comedian who performs in attire and makeup similar to Kiss), Artie Fletcher, Big Ed Taylor, Longhorn, Katrina Brown and Ms. Pat.
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Hello, my name is Ethan and I'm an electronics addict. I've been offering tech support and now helping customers pick out new equipment to enjoy for over 9 years with Crutchfield. I've been obsessed with music, movies, and A/V gear since I was little. I really got hooked in 1989 when I heard my first high end system. My cousins had a 2 channel Bose sound system with a CD player. I had never heard anything like it. They owned one CD and I just sat there and listened to it over and over. I begged for and got my first CD player that Christmas. Since then I've been through a few home audio system. The latest is a Denon receiver with some Onkyo speakers and an Infinity powered sub. Movies and music both sound amazing.
I also got into car audio in my late teens. I installed some Pioneer speakers, a Pioneer CD player, and Pioneer amp that I purchased from Crutchfield. I loved their Catalogs and how they made it easy to choose the right equipment for your car and even show you how to install it all. I also purchased my then girlfriend and now wife, a stereo for her Birthday and installed that too.
I moved back to this area in 2002 and realized Crutchfield opened a call center here. Luckily they were hiring for tech support and I applied immediately. I just thought it would be great to work for a company that I had purchased from and loved for so long. For about 4 years I was part of our excellent tech support team and was able to help customers install and enjoy the equipment they purchased from us. I then moved over to phone sales for a few years and now help customers pick out their equipment via our online chat. Since working here I've tried to keep up with the technology personally by purchasing items that I use and love such as my Panasonic plasma TV, Playstation 3 which is used for games, Netflix, and Blu-ray movies. I also use a Pioneer navigation system in my car with some great Sound Ordnance speakers. I love being able to hook up my Galaxy Nexus Android phone to my stereo and listening to Spotify. I also use my Spotify account at work while I'm chatting away either with my boom box, or my Grado SR-80i headphones. If I can be off assistance with helping you pick out products to improve your music listening experience or movie watching experience then feel free to log into a chat session on our web site and ask for me, Ethan.
wrote on
September 17
I am a new Crutchfield customer. I found your website on the recommendation of my friend, and mechanic. Your website had a great way to filter down only the things that would work with my vehicle and allowed me to narrow the options even further for specific features I wanted. That made the shopping much easier. The compare feature on your site was also really helpful as I dug in for more detail on some of my early favorites. After about 15-20 minutes searching around, I had a good idea which radio I wanted to buy, but I still had some questions. That is where my shopping experience went from good to great! I started an online chat with Crutchfield and had the fantastic experience of working with Ethan. I asked him to help me make sure I wasn't missing anything that would be needed to install the radio in my vehicle. After only a few minutes, he came back with an already configured shopping cart link that I opened and could easily see the five or six other things that completed my installation kit. Ethan had done it all for me. He also talked through my price to make sure I understood everything that was included. Finally, Ethan gave me the personal confidence I needed to complete my purchase by providing his own recommendation to the system I selected. I was totally shocked by how helpful, easy, and exciting it was to buy my new car radio on Crutchfield.com! Please thank Ethan for the great customer service he provided today! He is the reason that I spent $211 today on your site! Thanks again! I will be back in the future!
Lee Montagna
wrote on
August 28
Thanks to Ethan, I am now a burgeoning audiophile. Yes, i have a ways to go, but Ethan advised me to pick up the Teac UD-501 instead of it's little brother, the Teac UD-301. It was a well spent extra $300! In the 2 weeks that Ethan helped send this little gem my way, I've been learning the tricks of getting the most out of my system and it's exceeded my expectations already. Thank you, Ethan, for sharing your expertise and making my introduction into high-fidelity audio relatively stress-free and enjoyable. Crutchfield has a new steady customer when it comes to purchasing my audio equipment.
wrote on
July 3
Ethan: Thank you for you help with my Sonos Connect! It is on the way, will keep you updated on my install. I would not have purchased without your assistance.
Jim Ross
wrote on
April 30
This will be my second car sound system upgrade and I didn't need any assistance before. So happy to get another system from Crutchfield, which btw i can say, a company that is more focused on the end result than on sales; other companies will say anything, tell you anything and advise you to buy more things just to boost their sales - and ETHAN did exactly the opposite - he focused on the customer's need. He's patient, esp. after i told him that I'm a newbie :) Of course he didn't know that i did my homework earlier, i just want to get confirmation from an expert (my apologies to that deception). I'm a big AMAZON loyalist, but when it comes to sound gear...my loyalty is to CRUTCHFIELD! Thank ya'll :)
William Hitchings
wrote on
April 29
Ethan assisted me in what I could only describe as mind-numbing math, determining the appropriate AV rack for my relocated system, and quelling my uncertainties ordering in-wall speakers for an upcoming project. Because of Ethan, I have the correct products that work the way I intended and met my ideal price point. Ethan, I'll be coming back to you soon for a much, much larger order! :D
wrote on
April 11
Ethan assisted me with deciding on Sharp vs. Samsung large screen TV. Very helpful with info on a new Samsung model! Helped me to decide on the Samsung!
wrote on
December 17
Helped me out with some questions regarding my car audio set up. Quick to respond and courteous. Thanks!
wrote on
October 10
Ethan is the man. He helped me pick out speakers, amp, and a sub without any complaints. I had many questions and he answered them without any confusion. I will be ordering the system we put together and will be installing it myself, which I never have before! Thanks again Ethan.
wrote on
September 6
Ethan helped me with a very specific question regarding an install in a Sienna I had been researching. He saved me a big headache and a lot of money, as a result.
Steven Sasaki
wrote on
November 25
I was interested in adding a Bluetooth interface to my wife's 2006 Pilot. Ethan was quite knowledgeable of the products Crutchfield offers and directed me to a product made by USA Spec (BT35-Honda) that would plug directly into my vehicle harnessing and integrate directly with our factory Radio/XM/GPS. Thanks Ethan!
Ian Svoboda
wrote on
April 14
First time ordering from Crutchfield and I am seriously impressed. Ethan and I were originally disconnected in chat due to internet issues on my end, but he sent me an email with our conversation, a cart he had compiled, as well as his contact information which helped me get back in touch with him quickly and easily. I also didn't have to sit around and figure out what stuff we had picked out. Everything he recommended sounds fantastic in my vehicle (08 honda fit) and I look forward to making another purchase through him.
Jason Mann
wrote on
January 9
Ethan was very knowledgeable about the products I inquired about. I appreciate it and he even followed up with a thank you card in the mail for my order! Who does that nowadays? Thanks so much!
wrote on
July 11
Just got done utilizing the online chat advisor help with Ethan, He was very helpful, and from what I read on his page is the man I was looking for! I was alittle unsure on a JL product and he verified what I was looking for and sealed the deal on my decision. Thanks. (Sorry to read on the previous comment about the Mets thing... Phillies fan here...) If I have any more JL questions, Ethan is the man to go to.
Arick Miller
wrote on
December 30
You can tell talking to ethan that he knows what he is talking about. I will never order anything from this web sight without talking with him first. i look forward to dealing with you again! Thank you! ps. I got the wrong color sub so i will be calling you at 8am. Thanks again buddy
wrote on
July 9
Ethan was great. I have never installed a car stereo before, and was on the fence about it. After speaking with Ethan, he was optimistic that with the tools and instructions from Crutchfield I could handle the job. He was right! I uninstalled the old stereo and put in the brand new Pioneer unit in about two hours. I know that's probably much longer than it should take, but it was my first time! I soldered all the wires to the wiring harness, and everything fit perfectly. It looks great, sounds great, and works perfectly with my new iPhone 3GS. It is very satisfying to have done it myself, especially since my last stereo was installed "professionally" buy Circuit City and the FM radio barely came in and I now know why my head unit would constantly slip out of the dash (they didn't flip up the metal securing tabs on the DIN sleeve -- rookies). I spoke with Ethan for about 10 minutes and he took down all the info about my car and emailed me a cart which had everything I needed to fit the Pioneer unit in my 2001 Jetta. Had I not spoken to Ethan there's no way I would have attempted this myself. Ethan and Crutchfield saved me $90! Thanks!!
wrote on
March 26
Ethan was very knowledgeable about the products and was quick to point me to the perfect head unit for my truck. Thanks!
wrote on
February 15
Ethan was very friendly and helpful. He answerd my question quickly. HE is definately an asset to your company. The fact that he is a NEW YORK METS fan has nothing to do with it !
Call 1.800.388.2911, ext. 4058
Denon AVR-391 - Home theater receiver with 3D-ready HDMI switching
Nikon Coolpix S6300 - 16-megapixel digital camera with 10X optical zoom
Sony BDP-S580 - 3D Blu-ray player with Wi-Fi®
Apple 8GB iPod touch® - Customizable Wi-Fi® digital media player with HD video
Sound Ordnance P-52 - 5-1/4" 2-way car speakers
Grado SR80i - On-ear headphones


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For when size does matter...
Traditional Volvo appeal and values come with the V70 estate. It's big, strong and safe with bags of room.
The seats are very good and most models have a neat built-in child seat in the rear armrest.
Obviously it is very practical, with good estate load bay and sizeable boot. No-one else does this sort of thing better.
The softened body lines have succeeded in making it look less dated. Safety, refinement and solidity are the obvious reasons for buying this big Volvo, but the V70 is also a very stylish way to shift loads too.
The high-performance T5 and R versions have changed the way we think about Volvos forever; the Volvo isn't just an instrument of practicality, but pleasure too. The Volvo estate is a very convincing sports wagon and it is also the largest estate in its class.
Reliability is strong, but all cars have wear items to check for and Volvo parts can be expensive. UsedCarExpert.com lists 20 checks to make before buying. Listed right are three of them:
During the test drive, turn the steering wheel when moving and when stationary. Notice if the steering is stiff in either direction.
If it is stiff in one direction, there is a fault with the steering rack. If it is stiff in both directions, there is a problem with the power steering pump. A faulty steering rack needs to be replaced. A faulty pump may need replacing or may just need fluid.
Leave the engine on and listen for the engine misfiring (rather than the revs being constant when on idle and the engine making a consistent noise, it splutters and spits).
Misfires are usually caused by an ignition fault and the ECU can need to be replaced.
Heater: Feel the front footwell carpets for water and smell for dampness.
Test that the heater produces hot air (the engine will need to be warm for this). The heater matrix has failed and needs to be replaced.
On top of all that it depreciates fast and supply seems to be ahead of demand. According to Wisebuyer's Car Price Guide, a 1999 2.4 TSE V70 estate with 70,000 miles will be around pounds 7,600.
Reader Opinion
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Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 2 projects made from this pattern and much more? join Ravelry now What am I missing?
© Anders Rydell
Lima Scarf
Easy lace scarf with "popped" texture created by juxtaposition of yarnovers and decreases.
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Materials: Baby Llama 4 balls
Needles: US 8 / 5 mm


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Shipments outside the USA are declared as "bike parts" for customs purposes and will include the actual amount paid for merchandise and shipping. Jenson USA will not mark your parcel as a "gift", declare a value lower than the actual price paid, or otherwise prepare false customs information.
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DMV to Internet-less New Yorkers: Get in Line
By Jared Chausow
By Katie Toth
By Elizabeth Flock
City Hid Facts From Feds About Rikers
By Albert Samaha
Flood Wall Street Gets Pepper Sprayed and Arrested
By Anna Merlan
By Jon Campbell
Report Sheds Light on Anti-Muslim Bias
By Jon Campbell
Rikers Island Lawsuits Over Diabetic Care
By Albert Samaha
Why am I being held at bay? Why now? I mean, if you think about it, women used to have a lot fewer rights in marriage before they changed the law. Maybe those changes are what ruined marriage. And we'd just ruin it a little bit more. Pretty soon, nobody'd want it. Let the kids have it. Maybe we should just cut it up into little pieces and feed it to the world. No one's going to notice. For a while.
Eileen Myles's most recent book of poetry is Sorry, Tree.
For me, the issue is, who can do the job—not the job of being president but the job of cleaning up after Bush and Cheney. The work that must be done to clean up the mess left after eight years of anti-government government is enormous, and as a lifelong Democrat, I am appalled that once again it will take a Democrat to repair Republican excess.
I genuinely believe that Barack Obama is the best person to take on that challenge—though he is, from my perspective, quite conservative—fiscally, socially. He is not, for example, what I wish he was—a strong defender of gay and lesbian rights—or even an advocate against what I fear is a frankly dangerous trend toward rolling back those laws and institutions established by feminist advocacy over the last two decades.
Do not mistake me. I am a radical feminist with strong socialist tendencies and a conviction that this nation has long neglected its poor and disenfranchised. I am exactly the kind of person the Republicans and John McCain demonize—the kind of person they accuse Barack Obama of being.
Dorothy Allison is the author of Bastard Out of Carolina and Cavedweller.
The Folly of Fighting Wars Against Countries Who Have Done Us No Harm: McCain, among others, claims we lost the Vietnam War. But what harm has Vietnam inflicted on anyone, with the exception of Cambodia in 1979 (perhaps, in retrospect, an act of considerable merit)? So the question is: If no harm came of ceasing hostilities against another country Who Did Us No Harm, what can be the danger of once more ceasing hostilities against Iraq, another country Who Did Us No Harm, up to our invasion? Who is the real defeatist? John McCain and the Neo-cons at the White House, who apparently only want lost wars. These subversives are dangerous and un-American, in my view. They are traitors and should be treated accordingly.
Mac Wellman's most recent play is 1965UU.
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text:
1 Cup all purpose flour
1/2 Teaspoon salt
1/2 Teaspoon baking powder
1 Stick unsalted butter, chilled and cut into 1" pieces
1/4 Cup ice water
1 Cup butternut squash, peeled and cut into small, bite-size pieces
1/4 lb. Gruyere cheese, shredded
1 Tablespoon chopped fresh sage
Salt & pepper to taste
When the dough has chilled, roll it out on a floured surface until it's approximately 10" around. Use a circular cutter to cut out dough rounds. Re-roll the scraps to get more rounds. I used a 4 1/2" cutter and got 8 rounds but you can make them smaller to be more appetizer sized. Combine the squash pieces, cheese and sage in a bowl and season. Place a heaping mound of the squash filling, about 2 tablespoons, on each of 4 dough rounds. Top each with the remaining dough rounds and press the sides together with your fingers or a fork. Place on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper and score the tops. Pithiviers typically have spiral designs on top but I just made a few horizontal and vertical lines with the tip of a sharp knife. Bake in a pre-heated 400 degree oven for approximately 45 minutes or until the rounds are a light golden brown. Makes 4 servings.
Other ideas for roasted butternut squash:


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The 2013-14 freshmen at Brown University and Rhode Island School of Design scored highest in Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts on SAT tests required for admission, according to the latest data available from the U.S. Department of Education. more
By Patricia Daddona
Capital Good Fund has been awarded a $125,000 Community Development Financial Institutions Fund grant from the U.S. Department of Treasury to provide micro-loans and financial coaching to low-income residents and communities across Rhode Island. more
By Rhonda Miller
Rhode Island tied for the third-largest month-over-month statewide increase in home sales prices in June, rising 1.2 percent from May, according to the latest Black Knight Home Price Index report. more
Restaurants and lodging outlets in Rhode Island are expected to continue the slow, steady growth that has characterized those industries since the Great Recession, according to speakers at the Rhode Island Hospitality Association's annual Economic Outlook Breakfast. more
By Patricia Daddona
Citing a number of concerns, including community opposition to the location of large wind turbines near the city's Point neighborhood, the U.S. Navy has shelved its proposed wind energy project in Newport. more
U.S. stocks rose, sending the Standard & Poor's 500 Index above 2,000, after a report showed the biggest-ever jump in durable-goods orders and an unexpected consumer confidence increase. more
By Elena Popina
Tightening supply resulted in fewer single-family and condominium sales in Massachusetts in July, while driving home prices higher, according to the latest statistics released by The Warren Group. more
The Slater Technology Fund is seeking $3 million from the state Renewable Energy Fund to seed a new $8 million investment vehicle for Rhode Island early-stage energy companies. more
By Patrick Anderson
(Updated, 4:15 p.m.) Developer Richard Baccari II said Monday that his proposal for a mixed-use building on a parcel of East Side former Interstate 195 land has received a preliminary endorsement from the I-195 Redevelopment District Commission. more
By Patrick Anderson
With six of its seven local component parts contributing positively, the Rhode Island Current Economic Indicator increased to 3 percent in the second quarter, from a 2.2 percent reading in the first three months of the year. more
By PBN Staff


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Serve as a side dish to roast chicken or roast lamb. Photo credit: Amy Johnson from She Wears Many Hats.
2 cups red potato chunks
1 medium red bell pepper, cut into chunks
1 medium red onion, cut into thin wedges
1 medium zucchini, sliced
2 cups cremini (baby bella) mushrooms, halved
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 teaspoon McCormick Gourmet™ Organic Garlic Powder
1 teaspoon McCormick Gourmet™ Organic Italian Seasoning
1/2 teaspoon McCormick Gourmet™ Organic Fennel Seed
1/2 teaspoon McCormick Gourmet™ Organic Oregano
1/4 teaspoon salt
Preheat oven to 450°F. Toss vegetables and mushrooms with oil in large bowl. Mix garlic powder, Italian seasoning, fennel, oregano and salt in small bowl. Sprinkle over vegetables; toss to coat.
Spread vegetables in single layer on foil-lined 15x10x1-inch baking pan.
Roast 30 minutes or until vegetables are tender and golden brown.
Test Kitchen Tip: Portabella mushrooms, cut into 1-inch pieces, may be substituted for the cremini mushrooms.
(Amount per serving)


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TechRepublic's Power Checklist: Windows XP Network Troubleshooting
Windows XP is pretty easy to connect to a network. Sometimes, however, things just go awry. That's when you need a strategy. This power checklist walks you through how to figure out what's wrong with Windows XP networking and how to get it fixed.
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2013 Gruene Woche Agricultural Trade Fair
Similar imagesView all
Young visitors dressed in Bavarian regional dress from the Chiemsee... News PhotoAgriculture,Berlin,Business,Clothing,Finance,German Culture,Germany,Horizontal,Horse,International Green Week,Lake Chiemsee,Lifestyles,Pets,Tradeshow,VisitPhotographer Sean GallupCollection: Getty Images News 2013 Getty ImagesBERLIN, GERMANY - JANUARY 18: Young visitors dressed in Bavarian regional dress from the Chiemsee region pet a horse at the 2013 Gruene Woche agricultural trade fair on January 18, 2013 in Berlin, Germany. The Gruene Woche, which is the world's largest agricultural trade fair, runs from January 18-27, and this year's partner country is Holland. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)


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During the 2008 presidential campaign, candidate Obama promoted a progressive attitude on medical marijuana. However, since seizing power, he has taken a hardened stance on the subject and potheads the country over are fuming. While we should probably excuse the dopers for being a bit less lucid than the rest of us, they obviously failed to realize four years ago that the O-man viewed them as nothing more than one piece of the jigsaw puzzle he needed to be elected.
Up in smoke, dudes; welcome to the Lonely Hearts Club Band of those whom have been stoked by the O-man, only to realize his promises were little more than pipe dreams. Consider it a bad trip and move on – he certainly has.
Here's the O-man in a 2008 interview:
"I think the basic concept of using medical marijuana for the same purposes and with the same controls as other drugs prescribed by doctors – I think that's entirely appropriate. I'm not going to be using Justice Department resources to try to circumvent state laws on this issue."
(Of course not; he planned to use the Justice Department to try to circumvent Congress, the Constitution and federal laws.)
As has been the case with most of O's broken campaign promises, evidence of his flip-flop on medical marijuana is abundant. According to Americans for Safe Access, a group committed to legalizing medical marijuana, the Justice Department has carried out 200 raids on marijuana dispensaries and cultivation facilities in nine states since the end of 2009. Disillusioned ASA spokesman, Kris Hermes:
"He's broadened his attack. Until Obama was elected, George W. Bush had the most aggressive posture toward medical marijuana. Obama's been even more aggressive than his predecessor."
Pro-marijuana groups say the Obama Regime has expanded its attack on medical marijuana to other federal agencies – including the IRS, which has conducted dozens of audits of medical marijuana businesses. The IRS has also aggressively penalized medical marijuana businesses by requiring them to pay federal taxes on gross income vs. net income – eliminating the tax breaks most businesses receive from deducting business expenses.
Additionally, the Department of Housing and Urban Development released a memo in 2011 that allows public housing agencies to evict tenants who use medical marijuana. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives also issued a memo last year banning the commercial sale of firearms to medical marijuana patients. Downer, dudes.
Before you fire up a comment to the Rat about the efficacy of medical marijuana, try to wrap your head around the fact that that's not what this post is about. The bottom line is this, potheads: The O-man thought he needed your votes in 2008. Obviously, he now believes he does not. More likely, he now realizes that he does need the votes of those who would view him as soft on drugs were he to light up a doobie with you stoners again. Who woulda thunk you'd miss the good ol' days of George Bush, huh? What a trip that is.
Damn; not even the dopers are immune to O's flip flops. It's enough to make you wanna get high – or low – huh?
Don't bogart that joint, my pot-smoking friend; you're not the Lone Ranger here.
Categories: Huh?, Nonsense, Politics and Prostitution, Stupid is as Stupid does, Up in Smoke


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Fans march with Ravens' parade to packed stadium
Updated: February 5, 2013, 5:09 PM ETAssociated Press
BALTIMORE -- Baltimore celebrated with its Super Bowl champion Ravens on Tuesday, with thousands of fans in purple lining the streets and packing the team's stadium for a celebration.
Fans filled the square in front of City Hall and cheered when the team arrived and when players held the silver Lombardi trophy aloft. The Mayor's Office of Emergency Management estimated that 200,000 people took part in the celebration in Charm City, including at City Hall, along the parade route and at the ...
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- McShay: Mariota moves up in Mock Draft 4.0
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"I am deeply concerned about the nuclear situation because it is unpredictable," he said. "With the help of those involved I hope things will not get worse."
Japan's Emperor Akihito expressed his condolences on Wednesday to victims of his country's massive earthquake and tsunami and told the Japanese people not to give up.
Speaking on TV Wednesday afternoon in a rare address to nation, he also voiced concern about the crisis at a nuclear power plant damaged by the disasters that has led to radiation leakage.
"I am deeply concerned about the nuclear situation because it is unpredictable," he said. "With the help of those involved I hope things will not get worse."
Friday's quake—spawned tsunami has devastated Japan's north-eastern coast, and officials believe more than 10,000 people have died.
Emperor Akihito, 77, thanked those involved in disaster relief operations, including foreign governments, and urged an all—out rescue effort.
"We don't know the number of victims, but I pray that every single person can be saved," he said.
Japan faced a worsening nuclear crisis after authorities on Wednesday ordered emergency workers to withdraw from the Fukushima Dai—ichi nuclear power plant amid a surge in radiation, temporarily suspending efforts to cool the facility's overheating reactors.
Radiation levels fell later Wednesday, but it was not immediately clear if the workers had been allowed back in, or how far away they had withdrawn. The workers at the forefront of the fight - a core team of 70 - had been regularly rotated in and out of the danger zone to minimize their radiation exposure.
Meanwhile, officials in Ibaraki prefecture, just south of Fukushima, said radiation levels were about 300 times normal levels by late morning. While those levels are unhealthy for prolonged periods, they are far from fatal.
Keywords: Emperor Akihito appeal, Japan, earthquake, tsunami warning, aftershock


text:
HandShoe Mouse Announces New Arrival of the XS Version
Hippus N.V., owner and producer of the truly ergonomic HandShoe Mouse, is proud to announce the arrival of its new "baby": the extra small (XS) HandShoe Mouse, which will fully support the hand of people with smaller hands, including children.
Breda, The Netherlands (PRWEB) November 30, 2013
Hippus N.V., originating from the medical faculties of two Dutch universities, has been selling the HandShoe Mouse for the past seven years with increasing success. Thousands of users all over the world have selected this ergonomic mouse, the only mouse that fully supports your hand.
The HandShoe Mouse was developed in answer to the many complaints from users of conventional or vertical mice, who were (and many still are) suffering from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or, in general, RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury). These physical ailments are caused by the fact that people are constantly gripping the conventional or vertical mouse and hovering their fingers above the buttons of a conventional mouse. Research by several universities, throughout the world, has shown that the HandShoe Mouse not only offers support for your hand and wrist but also prevents the hovering action made by your fingers. Use of the HandShoe Mouse means your fingers rest on the Light Click buttons of our ergonomic mouse.
Until now, the HandShoe Mouse has been available in different sizes, to fit Large, Medium or Small hands.
We received many requests though, to produce an Extra Small version for adults with smaller hands, which is also suitable for children. That's why we're proud to announce the arrival of our new XS version, designed to fit a hand size of up to155 mm (6.1 inches), measured from your wrist to the top of your ring finger.
The first XS model will be a right hand wired XS HandShoe Mouse, which is expected to be available in January 2014.
The new arrival will be on display at the world's most significant ergonomic conference and exposition, the Ergo Expo in Las Vegas,December 4-6 2013.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/11/prweb11379027.htm


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Those who possess ration cards without photographs will not get foodgrains through the public distribution system from September in Karnataka.
This is an effort to weed out what the Government calls "bogus cards" that are in circulation in the State. The Department of Food and Civil Supplies has already conducted a drive to take photographs and issue cards with pictures attached, covering 83 per cent of cardholders. The department will hold a special photography drive between September 15 and October 15 to cover the rest.
As many as 1.6 crore below poverty line (BPL) and Antyodaya cards are in circulation in Karnataka right now.
Just before the code of conduct for the Parliamentary elections came into force earlier this year, the State Government issued ration cards to persons who applied with routine affidavits at the 882 Nemmadi Kendras. This was, however, without any process of verification. According to statistics available with the Food and Civil Supplies Department, 28,98,536 temporary cards were issued in this phase. This was in addition to the 78,50,727 BPL cards that were in circulation in the State.
Now, the Government says that at least 20 lakh cards currently in circulation are in possession of families who do not meet the criteria to be classified as BPL families.
Keywords: Ration card, Karnataka


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The Journal Sentinel education reporters offer news and notes from their beat
College Notebook: Bar contests condemnation
Owners of a restaurant on University Avenue in Madison have filed a lawsuit alleging that the University of Wisconsin System Board of Regents has unfairly initiated condemnation of their building.
Brothers Bar & Grill, at the corner of University Avenue and Lake Street., is the proposed site of a future $43 million Performance Center for the UW-Madison School of Music.
Bar owners Eric and Marc Fortney said in a news release that they had agreed in principle with the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and the UW-Madison to let Brothers keep operating where it is until a new site is ready for the restaurant.
They contend that the Regents stepped in and after assurances that they wouldn't condemn the Brothers property started the condemnation process.
The Fortneys said that their court case isn't about the $2.1 million the board has offered for the property. They say they're challenging the Regents' authority to condemn the site without first establishing that it is necessary and that the need to clear it for public use is imminent.
In a statement, the UW System said its attorneys are reviewing the lawsuit. The system noted that the Fortneys bought the property (for more than $1.9 million, according to the lawsuit) after plans were made public for the Performance Center.
The La Crosse-based family owning Brothers operates 15 restaurants in Midwestern college towns, including, La Crosse, Eau Claire and Milwaukee.
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Manuscript of Ancient Chinese Healing Techniques Reveals
How to Breathe Disease
Secret Methods Date Back Over Four Thousand Years--
Dear Reader:
We recently discovered a rare, paper-bound manuscript that turned out to be the only known record of a secret system of Chinese healing. It's a system of breathing techniques combined with simple body postures, handed down for centuries by traditional Chinese doctors. These powerful techniques use the principle of chi, considered by Eastern disciplines to be the energy source that carries life through your body.
This Recently Discovered Manuscript
For over fifteen years, the Health Sciences Institute has been researching and publishing health secrets and natural cures and remedies from around the world--treatments, cures and techniques often overlooked or suppressed by the mainstream medical establishment. But I've never seen a system of healing quite like this.
In fact, this is probably the first time Westerners have ever seen these techniques. It's a secret system of Chinese breathing exercises called ki-kou, a system that's been used by Chinese doctors for thousands of years, to treat everything from colds to cancer.
The techniques are based on a force called chi. (Also known as "ki," or "qi" by Eastern philosophies.) It's the same force the ancient Vedics of India called "prana," and was identified as "pneuma" by the classical Greeks.
Chi is the vital, essential force behind all life. One ancient saying states that "Chi is the mother of blood." Acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine, shiatsu and reiki are all based on the principles of chi, and work on the paths through the body that this energy flows through.
In fact, anyone familiar with Eastern forms of exercise and meditation has probably heard of chi. Tai chi, yoga, qi gong, karate, and Zen meditation all teach correct breathing as the basic necessity for practice. That's because correct breathing focuses the power of chi and radiates it through the body.
I'll tell you more about how these techniques work in just a minute, but first, let me tell you why we so desperately need these secret techniques...
Your Breathing is Probably All Wrong
In the Western world, we've learned extremely poor breathing habits. We've been taught from an early age to hold in our stomach and stick out our chest. Men are supposed to stand like soldiers, and women like beauty queens.
The result is that we learn to breathe by puffing out our chest. This causes very shallow breathing. We're only using the upper portion of the lungs, and neglecting the lower lungs entirely.
This poor breathing has even led to a condition known as "hyperventilation syndrome," a little-recognized but common disorder that can cause everything from tiredness and chest pains to sexual problems. People take rapid, small, upper-body breaths, and are not getting enough oxygen.
Doctors Recognize The Importance
Now, any doctor can tell you that exhaling carbon dioxide too quickly will disturb the balance of acidity and alkalinity--known as your pH--in your blood. When the acid level drops, a complicated reaction occurs that actually keeps the blood cells from delivering oxygen to muscles and organs, including the brain.
According to leading doctors in integrative health, what happens is that the upper chest--specifically the muscles at your neck and upper back--take over the job of breathing. This can lead to high blood pressure, racing heart rate, and shallow breathing that can lie at the root of many of our ills, including heart disease.
Doctors have begun to realize the importance of proper breathing. Breathing techniques are now used by Western doctors for a variety of treatments, for everything from sports performance to reducing high blood pressure, and from headaches to emphysema.
This is a good beginning, and a step in the right direction. But the breathing techniques Western doctors are using are still simply based on getting more oxygen into the lower lungs.
Unfortunately, Western Medicine Completely
You see, Western medicine refuses to recognize the existence of energy fields. If Western scientists can't measure something, quantify it, and put it under a microscope, to them it doesn't exist.
In the Eastern healing systems, they're not bound by these quantitative limitations. These secrets have been used for thousands of years, and thousands of years of success is proof enough for them.
These healers understand the most powerful force in living beings: The power of chi.
By practicing ki-kou, the ancient Chinese breathing techniques, you do much more than simply get more oxygen into the lower lobes of your lungs. You actually radiate vital life energy through your body.
The ancient Chinese believed that when chi is stalled in your body, you get sick. When you practice ki-kou, your energy is able to travel through your body freely, healing and preventing disease.
That's why chi is the basis of so many Eastern healing arts. They believe that healing and wellness stem from the care and management of this central life force, the energy system that is within every living creature. The belief is that when chi flows freely and smoothly, the body's organs and systems are in a state of harmony. When chi becomes blocked, imbalance and illness can occur.
Probably the most well-known system based on chi is acupuncture. Acupuncture charts show 12 major meridians in the body, (paths that chi flows through), as well as minor meridians and other points across the body. The acupuncturist uses hair-thin needles placed in designated spots along these meridians to stimulate the body's energy. Shiatsu, acupressure and reiki all work on these meridians and energy fields.
Ki-kou simply uses body postures, simple movements, and precise breathing patterns to change the flow of this healing energy inside and outside of the body. What's great about ki-kou is that you don't need to go to an acupuncturist, a shiatsu practitioner, an acupressurist, or any therapist at all. You can practice ki-kou easily, right at home, any time of the day that's convenient for you.
Simple Techniques Balance Your Mind
The first techniques in this manuscript show you how to prepare for ki-kou by relaxing your body. You will be shown the exact posture you need to assume for each exercise. These are very relaxed and comfortable positions. When you're in the proper position, it's called "chou-shinn," which means "conditioning your body."
Next, you're taught to relax your body and mind completely. You reach a completely peaceful state of mind.
This is called "balancing mind."
Finally, you're shown how to balance your breathing into a calm, deep, slow rhythm. This is the most natural and comfortable way to breathe, and it's called "chousoku," or "balanced breathing."
Now you are completely relaxed. You will feel calmness and peace within yourself. You feel emotions such as nervousness and anxiety slipping away. Your chi can flow smoothly through your body, and you are ready for specific ki-kou techniques.
Here are just a few of the techniques you
Each one of these techniques is beautifully diagrammed and carefully explained. They're easy to follow, and easy to do. No confusion, no misunderstanding. The author has brought these ancient secrets alive, and delivered them right into your hands. And, in Healing with Ki-Kou: The Secrets of Ancient Chinese Breathing Techniques, you'll find over 125 pages of these ancient secrets, covering almost every imaginable pain and illness.
As you perform these techniques, you can actually feel the powerful force of chi. You feel it begin in your brain, run down your spinal cord and lower back, and then diffuse through your body. And you achieve this by simply sitting or standing in the correct posture, performing some simple movements, and breathing correctly.
The English Translation Of Ki-Kou Is
As I said earlier, we've just completed the English translation of Dr. Li's manuscript. This is the first time that we know of that ancient system of ki-kou has been recorded and made available to Westerners. And we'd like to offer you a special opportunity to try it yourself.
Right now, we have a special promotional offer in effect.
Ordinarily, a translation such as this sells for $60 to $75. But we're offering Healing with Ki-Kou: The Secrets of Ancient Chinese Breathing Techniques for the discounted price of just US$29.95 plus shipping and handling--over half off the usual price.
This offer comes to you directly from the publishers of HSI, which is how we're able to offer you such a low price. There are no middlemen, no clearinghouses, and no national chains to mark up the price. We commissioned the translation ourselves, and you buy the book directly from us.
It's the cheapest, most efficient form of publishing available. And you get the primary benefit--lowest cost.
This is a limited time offer, so don't delay. After this, we may be forced to raise the price.
Besides, since we're publishing this book ourselves, we can offer you this complete guarantee of your satisfaction:
You have a full year to examine Healing with Ki-Kou: The Secrets of Ancient Chinese Breathing Techniques. Try the techniques for a little while. See if you can feel the chi within your body, traveling down your spine, or sometimes as either warm or cool energy near the navel. Once you can feel it, it's said that you can direct the energy to other areas of the body.
If you don't find Healing with Ki-Kou: The Secrets of Ancient Chinese Breathing Techniques to be everything you expected, simply return the book to us in good condition, and we'll immediately refund every penny of your money (minus shipping and handling).
This way, you have absolutely nothing to lose when you order. If you're not completely satisfied, you get your money back, no questions asked.
So please, respond today by clicking on the Order now button found below. Supplies are limited.


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Oscar Mayer Has Introduced Hot Dogs Stuffed With Bacon
You know, this is exactly what this country needed.
You know, this is exactly what this country needed.
Thanks to reality TV and America's desire to stuff their faces like these are the last days of the Roman Empire the job title of chef has grown in stature and prestige.
It's about time Pizza Hut figured out a way to shove more cheese into a pizza. This makes the stuffed crust pizzas look cowardly.
It's Easter weekend, and we all know what that means -- time to eat some ham and get your crunk on. We've always said if you aren't risking an insulin coma, you aren't really drinking, so here are some Peeps-themed cocktails to prove you love Easter but hate your body. Enjoy (to a point, then feel really sick a
Here's a helpful video, if you were wondering how many carrots you could eat without going over 2,000 calories. If that sounds like something you definitely do not need to know, 2,000 calories is also quantified in Big Macs, pizza, Chipotle burritos and delicious, delicious avocados
One of my co-workers thought it'd be funny to make his own 'shamrock shake' being that St. Patrick's Day is on Sunday. He wouldn't tell me what was in it until I took a drink. Although nobody was brave enough to actually try it, I decided to give it a try. What's the worst that could happen?
Here you were proud of that macrame potted plant caddy you tied together. This video might have you rethinking your hobbies.
Guy Fieri has been having a tough time with his new restaurant, Guy's American Kitchen & Bar, which opened in New York's Times Square last November.
First the eatery was savaged in a New York Times' review. And just when folks were starting to forget about that, Fieri has made an unforced error which is sure to subject him to another round of ridicule.
You know what? Good. We want this guy to puke. He calls himself LA Beast and thinks a shirt that says "SWAG SWAG SWAG" is cool. The only reason we wouldn't want him to puke is that he has a whole YouTube channel that is just footage of him subjecting himself to "Xtreme" food challenges that ultimately result in barf, so we suspect he might actually enjoy throwing up
If there is one thing the internet has taught us it's that people really love bacon. A coffee house in Cheltenham, England is betting that there are folks out there who love the cured meat so much that they would be willing to shell out 150 pounds ($237) for what they are calling the Bacon Bling sandwich.
Chinese takeout is a classic American staple, and fortune cookies are easily the greatest part of the meal. Why? Surprise fortunes are inside, duh!
Only t-minus four days until the big game, so now is the perfect time to start thinking about the most important part of our Super Bowl party-- food. Nachos, sandwiches, pizza and anything greasy goes, as long as it's hardy and semi-manly. But how the heck are we supposed to choose with so many delicious options out there? Answer: go big.


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Written on: 25/08/2013
The recipe must have been changed. It looks different, tastes different and drips of your food. I will not buy this product anymore. It is an insult to mustard lovers. I say "BRING BACK THE OLD RECIPE"
As rated by our community of reviewers
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We've heard your feedback and are continuing to build a better Slickdeals. Click here to check out the updated site.
Welcome, Unregistered.
You last visited: Today at 08:17 AM
Living Room Furniture - Sofa/Couch, Coffee Table - Where to Shop?Hey All
I am looking to find a good places to shop for living room furniture at great prices. I missed out on the 20% off and Big Lots last weekend, but I am sure there are better places to look. I am avoiding anything used & do need to finance the purchase. I usually know where to go for good deals on electronics but I have no clue about furniture
I have a fairly small living room 12x12 & do not expect to have the couches for more than a couple years. I would like to stay around $300-600 for the couch.
I checked out Ikea and was highly disappointed....
How about Target online? I've been shopping for new furniture for a month and have been everywhere. I actually almost both the sectional at Ikea. The cover is removable for cleaning.. I was intimidated by having to put it together though. I think it was $600.
Thanks, just checked out Target online and sadly I wasn't impressed.
I also visited Ashley Furniture today but didn't like the prices.. I'm torn... I got a small place for now so I do not want to spend a lot on a couch but would also like something that is comfortable
Costco also recently had their furniture sales at nicely discounted prices. Not sure if it's still going on.
There's also a place called "The Dump" thats only open on weekends, I think that sells very nice quality and deeply discounted pieces of furniture. Not sure where it's located as I've only heard about it from a relative.
The Dump [thedump.com] website, Check it out if you have time. Found the address for you
**2700 Ranch Trail Drive
Irving, TX 75063
(Mapquest - Intersection of Home Depot Drive & 635, Irving, TX)
Found the location for you. And
We have one in Atlanta and it was awesome just to browse through.
You have several rooms to go outlets near Dallas.
I have gotten some awesome deals at the outlets, coffee tables couches etc.
Rooms To Go Outlet Stores
Grand Prairie OUTLET
2725 S State Highway 360
Ste 100
Grand Prairie, TX 75052
(972) 623-3020
North Richland Hills OUTLET
7520 NE Loop 820
North Richland Hills, TX 76180
(817) 581-9636
They have whatever is sent to them from the main stores. I HIGHLY recommend you go visit and see what they have available. My coffee table which is solid wood I got for $35 there (it didn't come with two end tables so it was considered a broken set).
I also got 3 counter height bar stools with backs, leather for $25 each (they were a set of 4 with table, but were missing table + 4th chair, so they were sold dirt cheap). I only needed 3 for my kitchen counter so was perfect.
My entertainment system, 2 tall piers ($20 each) and a center stand for $50 .
Rooms to Go Outlet is truly a treasure hunt but often has great deals.
Last edited by jc2008; 03-25-2013 at 01:08 AM..
Adopt a Soldier [adoptaussoldier.org] or AnySoldier [anysoldier.com] - put some of those slickdeals to a good cause!
I bought a couch at Rooms To Go and the frame cracked within a few months, the fabric also faded, even though it wasn't in direct sunlight. Wouldn't buy from them again.
"Happiness and depression are both feelings, just like joy and anger. It's not feelings that give us problems. It's what we do with them that makes the difference."
"When I was 5 years old, my mom always told me that happiness was the key to life. When I went to school, they asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. I wrote down happy. They told me I didn't understand the assignment and I told them they didn't understand life."
"Worry gives a small thing a big shadow."
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Home › Forums › Birding › What is this bird? › Pink female Rose breasted Grosbeak?
This topic contains 9 replies, has 2 voices, and was last updated by Fabijenna 8 months, 3 weeks ago.
September 2, 2014 at 1:47 pm #5279982 Report Abuse
Can anyone please verify for me that this is indeed a pink female Rose breasted Grosbeak?
This is the first year that I've had Pine Grosbeaks at my feeders, and I'm fairly certain that they have cross bred with my female Rose breasted Grosbeaks. I had a male Pine Grosbeak, deep red with black wings, but also noticed some immature males, and then one that was pink, and didn't look like the rest. This morning, I saw it again, a month plus older, and it appears to be a pink female Rose breasted Grosbeak! That would mean they've cross bred, although I've yet to find evidence of those two species mating.
I had two pairs of Rose breasted Grosbeaks at the beginning of the season, but only one male stayed at the feeder until mid July. Once he left, I started to get anywhere from nine to eleven female Rose breasted Grosbeaks, along with the new addition of the Pines, and the pink immature. They've been eating from morning until evening for the past month and a half, always coming in a flock together. The male Rose breasted Grosbeak returned last week for three days, ate with the flock, and even fed one of the females. The flock dispersed for about four days, and today have returned, which is when I saw what I think is the cross breed.
I'm going to try and insert the photos, but am not very computer savvy, so I apologize if they don't come up at first.
I would really appreciate any help. Thank you!
September 2, 2014 at 3:06 pm #5280018 Report Abuse
Fabijenna, go to Community help it will help you post a pic…
or you can email it to me… I am a Community Team Member…and I can post it..
Sharon, Catsbirds, Community Team Member
September 2, 2014 at 3:46 pm #5280044 Report AbuseSeptember 2, 2014 at 3:53 pm #5280045 Report Abuse
Hi CatsBirds-
Thank you so much for posting the picture for me! I truly appreciate it.
Do you really think it's a Purple Finch? I have those too, but these are much larger, and their beaks are different, more like a Grosbeaks. I've seen Purple Finches since I was a small child, and these don't look like them at all!
I really do appreciate your help, thank you again!
September 2, 2014 at 3:59 pm #5280046 Report AbuseSeptember 2, 2014 at 4:22 pm #5280052 Report Abuse
Hi CatsBirds-
We must have the biggest finches around! LOL! They really do look similar to these pictures, but I'm having a hard time because of their size. I promise, I'm not trying to be argumentative, I'm just really confused because I have purple finches at my feeder all of the time and know what they look like. This house finch picture though , is really, really close to what this one today looks like, but mine is bigger. My friend in NY jokes with me that we grow our birds bigger here in Maine, and I'm starting to believe her!
I hope you don't mind, but I sent you more pictures of what I thought was the male Pine Grosbeak.
You're a Saint for helping me, thank you very, very much!
September 3, 2014 at 9:14 am #5280317 Report AbuseSeptember 3, 2014 at 9:16 am #5280319 Report AbuseSeptember 3, 2014 at 9:19 am #5280322 Report AbuseSeptember 3, 2014 at 9:22 am #5280324 Report Abuse
Oh my gosh CatsBirds, thank you so much!
Since you said it might be House finches, I've been looking at them, and they really do look similar. It's that bright red one, the above picture that's sadly too dark and not close enough, to really tell for sure….?
You wrote pink grosbeak above, and I'm trying to figure out if you meant Pine? Or do I really have pink Grosbeaks?!
CatsBirds, you're wonderful. Thank you for your patience and wisdom!
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Dry Mouth Center - Fort Myers, FL
WebMD Physician Directory
Fort Myers, Florida
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
What is dry mouth?
Dry mouth is a condition that usually results from decreased production of saliva. At times, xerostomia can make it difficult to speak and may lead to malnutrition. Extreme dry mouth and salivary...!--*ICCChunk-180*-->
Other Related Dry Mouth Articles
Emergency Contact for Fort Myers
Nearby Fort Myers Hospitals *
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Riverside Behavioral Center
Charlotte Regional Medical Ctr
NCH North Naples Hospital
Faucet Memorial Hospital
Peace River Regional Med Ctr
Physicians Regional Medical Cen
NCH Downtown Naples Hospital
*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.