text:
Page 1
Electronic Working Paper Series
Paper No.105
Börje Johansson, Charlie Karlsson and Mikaela Backman
December 2007
Page 2
Innovation Policy Instruments
Börje Johansson, Charlie Karlsson and Mikaela Backman*
Jönköping International Business School and the Royal Institute of Technology
P.O. Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
The Lisbon Agenda that was launched in 2000, and had a set time-period of ten years. The
purpose of the Lisbon Agenda was to make the EU the most competitive, knowledge-based
economy in the world, and at the same time preserving, or even improving social cohesion and
maintain environmental sustainability. The Lisbon Agenda had a large number of goals, in both
quantified and qualified measures, in different areas. The main instrument that was put forward
was the open method of co-ordination (OMC) that includes indicators, benchmarking, peer
pressure, and best practise demonstrations.
The forthcoming Lisbon Agenda will certainly need new approaches, and new instruments. One
of the areas of instruments that can be further explored is innovation policies where the use of
R&D and human capital is enhanced. Human capital is a natural part of a knowledge-based
economy, and has positive impacts on growth, and jobs in the economy. Innovation policy
instruments are diversified and are integrated in many areas of an economy and on many levels,
which make them ideal for the next Lisbon Agenda. The instruments can have a general or
specific characteristics and some span over the two characteristics.
Keywords: Lisbon Agenda, innovation policy instruments, beyond Lisbon 2010
Jel-codes: F 00, N 24,
* Corresponding author, firstname.lastname@example.com, +46-36-101746
Page 3
The European Union (EU) is lagging behind the US, and other major regions of the world in
many areas. The most important aspect is possibly the progress of becoming a knowledge
economy which at the moment has been too slow in EU. Even though the EU is making progress
there are still a lot of challenges ahead, in order to catch-up with the US and parts of Asia. The
main picture is a lack of investments in R&D, internet penetration, and so forth.
The Lisbon Agenda that was launched in 2000 was a response to this development, and had a set
time-period of ten years. The purpose of the Lisbon Agenda was to make the EU the most
competitive, knowledge-based economy in the world, and at the same time preserving, or even
improving social cohesion and maintain environmental sustainability. The Lisbon Agenda had a
large number of goals, in both quantified and qualified measures, in different areas. The main
instrument that was put forward was the open method of co-ordination (OMC) that includes
indicators, benchmarking, peer pressure, and best practise demonstrations.
In 2005, the results that so far had been reached were evaluated in mid-term reviews. The
findings were not positive. The EU was still lagging behind other major regions, and in some
areas had the gap even widened. Due to the lacking results, the Lisbon Agenda was forced to
change some of the implementation processes. The many quantitative goals were reduced, and
only the goal to dedicate three percent of GDP to R&D stayed in its original shape. The main
goals were now on growth and jobs. The member states were to formulate national reform
programmes, and use these as their main instrument in order to reach the goals ("The Lisbon
agenda from 2000 to 2010", 2006).
The importance of the context of the Lisbon Agenda is still very valid, and will be even more so
if the EU continues to lag behind other major economics in the world. The next step is now to
reconsider and formulate a new Lisbon Agenda. If the EU wants to reclaim some of its lost
ground, there is no time to waste since the economic world is moving fast.
The forthcoming Lisbon Agenda will certainly need new approaches, and new instruments. One
of the areas of instruments that can be further explored is innovation policies where the use of
R&D and human capital is enhanced. Human capital is a natural part of a knowledge-based
economy, and has positive impacts on growth, and jobs in the economy. Innovation policy
instruments are diversified and are integrated in many areas of an economy.
The purpose of this report is to investigate which innovation policy instruments that exist and
how they can be used in the process of the beyond Lisbon 2010.
The report has the following structure: section 2 includes some of the thoughts about the next
step in the Lisbon Agenda, which is followed by a short introduction to growth theory in section
3. The fourth section explains briefly innovation policy instruments. The fifth and the sixth
section discuss general and specific innovation policy instruments respectively. In the last
section of this report the conclusions are presented.
Page 4
Calls have been made to set up a strategy for the developments connected to the Lisbon agenda
that goes further than 2010. For example, the High Level Group on Key Technologies says that
Europe needs a long-term vision (30-50 years) and a transition agenda for creative system
disruption. The group is asking for a research policy that compared to the US and Japan has a
differentiation rather than imitation approach, building on the European strength in current,
potential and emerging sectors. The global competitiveness in research can be enhanced by
global cooperation in basic research areas where cooperation has been found to be successful.
Competition has proved more viable and efficient in the innovation front. The report further
stresses how important the interface between science and society is for increased
competitiveness. These are; the absorptive capacity for innovation and the knowledge transfer
mechanisms that bring knowledge to the market as commercialised products (Key Technology
Expert Group, 2006).
Eurochambres, the organization for chambers of commerce, raised their fears that there will not
be any program of economic goals after 2010. Eurochambres recommends in spite of the
shortcoming of the Lisbon strategy for the EU to prepare a new multi-annual programme, this
time using more forceful instruments of implementation than the open method of co-operation
(Eurochambres, 2007).
In this part there will be a brief summary of economic growth theory: endogenous growth theory
and evolutionary growth theory. This will give an insight about what the theory predicts about
economic growth and what instruments that affects it.
3.1 Endogenous growth theory
In the neoclassical growth theory, long-run growth is determined by the savings rate and
traditional an exogenous rate of technical changes (Solow, 1957). The obvious weakness of these
models is that nothing within the model determines the long-term growth rate. A higher savings
rate could boost the growth for a period but because of the decreasing returns to capital there is
an upper boundary where increased investments (determined by savings) will not affect the long-
run growth rate. Endogenous growth models were developed in the 1980s as a response to the
oversimplified and sterile exogenous models of Solow type.
The endogenous school of growth theory distinguished itself mainly by emphasising that growth
is an endogenous outcome of an economic system. Endogenous growth theory builds on
microeconomic fundamentals where firms maximize profits given their production function and
consumers maximize utility given their budget.
Romer (1990) builds his argument for endogenous growth mainly on three points. Firstly he
claims that the technological change, which is the improvement of technology by the use of new
knowledge, is one of the main drivers in growth. The technological change is an incentive for
capital accumulation. The endogenous part of the model comes from Romer's second point
being that the technological change is mainly the result of individuals acting on market
Page 5
incentives. Firms, for example, develop new products to earn extra profits. The third point is that
technologies, once developed, is applicable repeatedly at no additional cost. According to
Romer, policies should subsidise the accumulation of human capital, this will in turn foster
technical change and capital accumulation resulting in economic growth (Romer, 1990).
The fact that technology spills over between agents in the market is one of the main arguments
behind innovation policies. The spillover effects imply that the benefits of new technology are
larger than the private one reaped by the firms. Innovation policies should protect the private
returns to encourage investments and subsidise research and development in order to raise
investments to a socially optimal level. Many economists (among others Lucas 1998 and
Grossman and Helpman, 1991) claim that spillovers across actors and firms are characterised by
increasing returns. That is, the more firms and actors that integrate in R&D the larger the
positive spillover effects will be.
3.2 Evolutionary growth theory
In evolutionary theory the role of diversity creation and selection, or competition, are
emphasised as main drivers of innovation. Another important point is the path dependency of
Structural-evolutionary (SE) theory is a set of theories that tries to capture long-term economic
growth as the result of evolutionary dynamic concepts. Real world concepts affect the processes
under which technologies evolve under the influence of a stream of innovations. Therefore
factors such as uncertainty and selection are taken into account. When technology is given, neo-
classical theories and endogenous theories has served well in questions such as resource
allocation. When technology is expected to change endogenously, the SE approaches may be
more suitable (Lipsey et al. 2005).
SE approaches are taking views on both the firm and the market that are different to that of the
standard neo-classical ones. SE-theories say that it is reasonable to believe that maximizing
behaviour by the firm is a reasonable assumption when it concerns simple choices under fairly
predictable conditions. When it comes to innovating, inventing and diffusing new technologies,
uncertainty is in the picture and then the firm is rather profit oriented and markets are not
directed by an invisible hand but rather path- dependent. These views have important policy
implications. Ortodox economists generally take a very sceptical view on technology enhancing
policies and see them as distorting and that informed profit maximizing firms perform anything
that the government can do better and more efficiently. A SE-traditionalist then argues that
distortion relates to optimality conditions and hence has no place in a growing economy. Support
for technology enhancement policies is often taken from real world examples. For developing
nations, the Asian tiger economies are often taken as examples but also the early days of the now
developed nations. When looking at policies in developed countries, directed policies has often
led to a technological lead for nations for example it can be said that many groundbreaking
technologies of the twentieth-century has been developed assisted by public funds, in many
cases from the US department of defence (Lipsey et al. 2005).
Page 6
The innovation concept has many features. Innovation can be classified as radical or
incremental. The later involves gradual improvements in existing and current technologies.
Radical innovations entail the introduction of new technologies and discontinuous change
(Murphy and Gouldson, 2000).
To make an innovation arena work, many different aspects has to be included. There must be (i)
science, both hard and soft aspects (ii) product development, with technological and social
aspects and (iii) entrepreneurship, which plays a vital role. There cannot exist any innovation
without any entrepreneurship. These factors create together a system in which the change
process is cyclic in nature (Berkhout et al., 2006).
Budgetary and monetary policies and a countries trade are getting less autonomy due to the
globalisation process and the liberalisation of financial markets. Hence, labour market policy,
social policy, infrastructure policy, education policy and not least, innovation policy is becoming
even more important and these are essential factors for sustainable economic growth. If regions
or firms do not have any innovation and learning, they will be unable to establish sustainable
growth. Innovation represents a potential source of dynamic comparative advantages by
enhancing a firms or workers learning abilities (Lundvall and Borrás, 1997).
To make the distinction between tacit or codified knowledge is important for innovation policy.
When knowledge is tacit, it is stickier and does not flow as easily across borders within
organisations or in space. Knowledge stays tacit if it is complex or changeable in quality, if e.g.
understanding social relationship is crucial, skilful physical behaviour is needed or several
different human senses is needed at the same time (Karlsson and Johansson, 2005). There would
be little incentives for firms, regions and nations to invest in R&D, if all knowledge were easily
transformed into information that everyone could access the technology gaps between regions
and countries would be minor and temporary (Lundvall and Borrás, 1997).
When new policies are to be implemented in the EU, several dimensions have to be taken into
account, vertical and horizontal. In the case of innovation polices, the vertical dimension, where
European, national and regional instruments and strategies must be harmonised with the new
policy. They should mutually complement and support each other to yield innovativeness in the
EU. In the horizontal dimension, different policy areas must be co-ordinated to bring positive
synergies to enhance the learning ability in the system (Lundvall and Borrás, 1997).
To implement an innovation policy is complicated and according to Lundvall and Borrás (1997)
there are three main features that one should take into account before implementing the policy:
• Policies concerning the transformation pressure (competition policy, trade policy, and the
position of general economic policy).
• Policies concerning the ability to innovate and handle change (human resource
development and innovation policy).
Page 7
• Policies constructed so that they are able to take care of the misfortunes in the
transformation process (social, labour market and regional policies with redistribution
The formulation of the general instruments gives the framework for the specific instruments.
One important question to lighten is if the EU is to give priority to general or specific
instruments. To classify the innovation policy instruments into general and specific instruments
can be problematic since the instruments can both have the characteristics of being general and
specific, where the term specific indicates that an instrument is designed to influence a specific
technology area or a special group of innovation agents. The EU needs to be more general in
their instruments in for example: the property rights, patent system and a common admittance of
pharmaceutical products.
5.1 Institutions
The institutional framework of economies is a critical factor not only for innovation but also for
economic growth and development more generally. The formal institutions are the general rules
that are guiding the behaviour of economic agents. They have two basic roles: first, they define
the property rights of economic agents, and second they determine the level of transaction costs
in the economy.
The formal institutions represent a structured system of laws that is imposed by representative
forms of governance (Stiglitz, 2000). The formal institutions play an important role for
innovation, since they support the efforts of the technological advance. They also reduce
uncertainty and opportunism. The formal institutions are of great help when actions need to be
coordinated within a nation or a region.
The institutions can be classified into internal and external institutions. External institutions,
routines and behaviour regularities are those shared by the population. Internal institutions are
the shared solutions or mental models to solve the problems of social interaction. This can be
further explained from a firm point of view, where the internal institutions come from the
decision-makers within the company and the external institutions is restrictions from outside the
company (Mantzavinos et al, 2004).
Even though the main formal institutions are important there exist also a large number of
intermediate institutions such as trade associations, professional associations of engineers, and
chambers of industry. These can act as learning laboratories for their respective firm and
industry. These intermediate institutions work well in Germany and Japan and have a strong
position in contrast to the UK were they tend to be weak. For these institutions to work properly
they need to come from within the nations or the regions (Morgan, 1997).
Intellectual property rights such as patents, copyrights, trade secrets, and registered trademarks
are the base for building and extending the markets for new technologies, i.e. innovations. The
specification and enforcement of private rights to market a firm's product is vital in almost all
Page 8
industries, partly because it is becoming easier and cheaper to copy new technologies.
Intellectual property rights are in the long run promoting economic growth, technology transfer
and local innovation (Maskus, 2000). The intellectual property rights have the characteristics of
being negative, i.e. they are rights that limit other parties in their behaviour, they stop pirates,
imitations, counterfeiters, and in some cases limit third parties that have independently reached
the same ideas from using them without a licence from the right-owner (Cornish and Llewelyn,
In most countries a patent is potentially powerful during 20 years. However, it has to be renewed
every year. When the patent is granted it is only granted in that specific country. In Europe, the
European Patent Office (EPO) has the authority to grant the patent in the whole of EU or in a
selective number of member countries, if it is a request from the applicant (Maurseth, 2002).
Patents provide the inventor with a monopoly on his invention for a given time period. In theory,
and often also in practice, patents solve the problem of fully appropriating the returns when
R&D is successful and generates an invention. Patents obstruct a wider use of the invention and
restrict the diffusion of technological knowledge. Thus, patents may be an impediment,
especially when the returns from knowledge diffusion are high. Some authors even reject the
patenting of academic research in order to stimulate commercial applications, and argue instead
that the public expenditures for fundamental scientific research should be increased.
The EU is missing some of the important platforms that are needed for innovations to reach the
market, including institutions. The EU, compared to the US, have severe problems in reaching
the firms with university spillovers and have a low rate of university spinout companies (Klomp
and Roelandt, 2004). There exist different systems in the EU for fostering patenting through
universities many member states have weak incentives and institutions for universities to
commercialise their innovation. This is regulated, exception for academic researchers (called the
"lärarundantaget"), in Sweden, which states that teachers, researchers and PhDs is the owner of
the patents even if they are developed at their workplace at an university. One way is of course
to sell the patent and receive financial compensation. In the US universities the patents belong to
the universities.
How competition in the different markets for goods and services affects the level of innovation
within the EU and its different member states is an important aspect. The incentives for
innovation increases, if there are more agents in a market because the social return on innovation
can be assumed to increase with competition. A monopolist has limited incentives to innovate
particularly in terms of new products, since the monopolist will compete with himself and risks
only carrying extra R&D costs without being able to increase his monopoly profit. Thus, a
monopolist risks hurting himself by being innovative.
The intensity of competition has an ambiguous effect on the willingness to innovate. In
competitive markets, there are no losses for innovative entrants, since they have no monopoly
profits to loose. The difference in profits from innovation in competitive and monopolistic
markets is known as the Arrow effect. However, innovation has spillover effects, since
competitors may profit from each others R&D-efforts. Hence, the higher the spillover risks, the
lower the incentives to innovate. With fewer competitors, there are fewer potential free riders,
Page 9
and, thus, the incentives to innovate are stronger because firms can appropriate relatively more
of the returns from their own R&D-efforts.
The structure of the actual industry will determine which of the effects that will dominate. An
'even' industry consists mainly of firms with comparable productivity levels. A higher intensity
of competition in such an industry will stimulate innovation because the positive Arrow effect
dominates the reduced spillover from R&D. Firms in even industries will concentrate on
incremental innovations. In 'uneven' industries, with substantial differences between leading and
lagging firms, a higher intensity of competition will lead to fewer innovations. The Arrow effect
is too small in such markets to compensate for reduced spillover effects. Thus, potential entrants
will not make a sufficient return on their drastic innovations.
"The Porter hypothesis" suggests that countries that have stricter environmental regulations then
other countries will increase their innovations within the field and will therefore become a net
exporter of newly developed environmental technologies. There have been some case studies
that indicate that more stringent regulations have resulted in innovations but they do not provide
a general consensus of the impact that environmental regulations have on innovations. This
phenomenon is difficult to test empirically due to lack of data. It has however been found that
regulatory compliance cost have a positive effect on patenting of environmental technologies
(Jaffe and Palmer, 1996).
Environmental regulations in any form, command-and-control or market-based, have the
potential for inducing or forcing some amount of technological change, since by their very
nature, they induce or require firms to act in ways they would not otherwise choose. It is,
however, impossible to say by how much the firms will change their behavior. Empirical
evidence and theoretical findings suggests that market-based instruments are likely to have
greater, positive impacts over time than command-and-control approaches on the invention,
innovation, and diffusion of environmentally-friendly technologies (Jaffe et al, 2002).
There is a fine line between too much and just right amount of institutions. University systems
may provide stable and efficient conditions for interactive learning. However, they may also
become a hinder in the process and lower the learning and innovation capability. Institutions
might also become a constraining factor since there is interdependence between the institutions.
All single institutions have its own fixed place in the system and if one institution changes it will
bring instability since the whole structure of system changes. This yields that either no changes
at all are taken or only minor changes are taken that does not shake the structure. Thus,
institutional rigidity hinders new institutions that are needed for implementation of new ideas
and innovations. On the other hand, a weak formal institution, which arises due to too little
institutions, is also negative for the innovation capacity in a nation or a region (Boshma, 2005).
Another type of institution that is important for innovation is the social institutions, which refer
to repeated patterns of behaviour, such as habits, routines and conventions. Innovation is
strongly dependent upon the social institutions, and their variety of routines and social
conventions (Morgan, 1997).
Page 10
5.2 Infrastructure
Infrastructure and in particular transport infrastructure has for a long time been a major policy
issue within the EU. Special interest has been devoted to, on the one hand, provision of better
transport connections between the different member states to stimulate trade by decreased
transport costs, and, on the other hand, improvement of the infrastructure in less favoured
regions within the community in order to make EU more coherent. Plans for trans-European
transport networks (TENs) have been presented and approved. Some of the links in the trans-
European networks have also been built but the speed of implementation has generally been all
too low due to a lack of funding and political will. The investments in TENs have to a large
extent been motivated by a wish to implement the common market i.e. improve the mobility of
goods and people. In general, the importance of infrastructure for research and development
(R&D) and innovation seems to have been neglected.
Research has shown that knowledge flows tend to be spatially bounded and that an extension of
functional regions by means of shorter travel times may stimulate knowledge production
(Ejermo, 2004; Gråsjö, 2006) as well as productivity growth (Andersson & Karlsson, 2007).
Studies have acknowledged the importance of "networks" in the innovation process.
Infrastructure plays an important role in the networks and in their capability of the internal
communication (Cooke, 1996).
Innovations depend on the geographical infrastructure and its capability of mobilising technical
resources, knowledge and other inputs needed in the innovation process. This infrastructure
includes sources of knowledge, such as networks of firms, concentrations of R&D and business
services. Once the infrastructure is established, it enhances the capability of innovation, since the
region will develop and specialise toward a technical or industrial sector (Feldman and Florida,
Ebadi and Utterback (1984) find that there exists a positive relationship between the frequency,
centrality and diversity of communication and technological innovation, at the individual level,
where the frequency of communication has the largest impact. At the firm level, the same
patterns were found, and also network cohesiveness was found to have a positive impact.
The innovations in information and communication technology (ICT) have increased during the
last years and have brought positive effects on productivity. This process has differed
considerably between countries, which is partly due to the capital market structure in different
countries (Houben and Jakes, 2002). ICT and innovation tends to be closely related. Firstly, ICT
is itself a technological innovation. Secondly, ICT also affects innovation in a broader sense
since it supports the creation of new and better applications and production processes. According
The existing literature suggests the following policies:
• Support the growth of intermediate institutions
• Further develop EPO
• Focus on the relationship between university spillovers and firms
Page 11
to this view, ICT is supporting the productivity of all inputs, and can therefore be capable to
increase the total factor productivity (TFP). Labour productivity can be enhanced by ICT
through a direct approach, capital deepening, and through an indirect approach, by enhancing
innovation (van Leeuwen and van der Wiel, 2003).
Some empirical evidence support the belief that clusters tend to bring a higher level of
innovations which is partly caused because clusters create economies of scale, facilitates face-to-
face interaction and shorten interaction distances in general. Product innovations are strongly
connected to clusters within a region. One important feature of these clusters is the technological
infrastructure (Feldman and Florida, 1994).
Knowledge flows in Europe is a key issue. Knowledge flows have different characteristics and
can be (i) transaction based, (ii) transaction-related or (iii) pure knowledge spillovers (Karlsson
& Johansson, 2006). However, knowledge flows tend to be bounded in space, irrespective of the
type. Several studies have confirmed the need to improve the transport infrastructure in Europe
to improve the accessibility to new knowledge for regions outside the metropolitan regions and
also to improve the knowledge exchange between the metropolitan regions in Europe. Another
instrument to speed up knowledge flows in Europe is to encourage a higher rate of spatial
mobility among knowledge handlers (Zucker, Darby & Armstrong 1998; Zucker, Darby &
Brewer, 1998; Almeida & Kogut; Möen, 2000).
Concluding remarks on infrastructure policies:
• Continue to invest in TENs, in order to improve the knowledge
accessibility for regions surrounding metro regions
• Improve and expand the infrastructure since it enhances the knowledge
production and productivity growth, it is also beneficial for networks
• Continue with the investments in ICT and promote the use of ICT
5.3 Incentives
Incentives such as intellectual property rights have already been discussed earlier in the report.
Incentives systems can either rely on the private sector and its investments, or it can rely on
public expenditure. The incentives can also be a mixture of private and public spending. The
incentives aim at augmenting the R&D-efforts, which will enhance the rate of innovation. The
incentives are based on the fundamental role that diffusion of knowledge plays in technological
progress and economic growth.
Tax-based subsidies to R&D leave the choice to the private sector, of how to conduct and pursue
R&D-efforts. R&D-efforts are expensed and can therefore be subject of tax subsidies, compared
to fixed investments. There exists evidence that the tax system has an impact on R&D-efforts.
The tax-based system has some flaws compared to government financed or firm financed R&D-
effort. Fiscal incentives seem to be ineffective in raising private R&D-efforts since the response
elasticity is very low. Thus, it would take a large tax cut to reach the socially desirable level of
Page 12
R&D spending. Another problem faced by the firms is when the financial incentive system
change often and thereby causes uncertainty for the firms (Hall and Reenen, 2000).
Behavioral additionality is a measure to determining how firms change their R&D behavior as a
result of government policy instruments. It differs therefore from the traditional evaluation
which focuses on determining the amount of additional spending on R&D that result from a
government intervention. The behavioral additionality has so far been underdeveloped which is
to be considered as a flaw since it contains many advantages. Behavioral additionality provides
policymakers with a useful vocabulary, reveals qualitative changes in firm conducted R&D and
reveal the procedure firm choose when conducting the R&D when participating in a government
funding programmes (OECD, 2006).
As in the case of fiscal incentives, the financial subsidies to R&D aim to correcting the
underinvestment in private R&D-efforts caused by market failures such as incomplete returns to
knowledge investments. Another factor that influence is the fact that knowledge is partly a
public good with characteristic such as non-excludability, or incomplete financial markets. The
main reasons behind financial subsidies to R&D-efforts are incomplete R&D assessments and
financing constraints in the firms. Financial subsidies can increase the R&D-efforts in firms,
since they decrease the market uncertainty for new products by increasing the expected return
from the R&D-efforts (Czarnitzki and Toole, 2006).
The government has the same difficulties as a bank when handing out financial subsidies. The
government faces adverse selection, problems with monitoring the quality, reliability, credibility,
asymmetric information and general lack of information. The design of the financial subsidy can
easily result in a selection which is directed towards the worst performing firms within a sector.
Governments can stimulate private investments in R&D by subsidies. The problem is however,
that a subsidy often generates little additional R&D-investments. Public subsidies to R&D-
investments run the risk of only reducing the private costs of R&D-projects, which would have
been undertaken anyhow, i.e. they crowd-out non-subsidized investments in R&D. Subsidies
may also be given to R&D-investments whose returns are too low from a social point of view.
Often no cost-benefit analyses are made and it is genuinely difficult to evaluate the social returns
of individual R&D-projects. Firms may also take advantage of the system by presenting other
costs to the government claiming that they are R&D-costs. Subsidies can, however, also be
positive and alert firms, in particular SME's, and their co-operation with public organisations
such as universities. Hussinger (2003) finds that that public funding increases firms' R&D
expenditure. However, the size of the effect depends on the assumptions imposed by the
particular selection model.
If subsidies are effective, they lead to an increased demand for R&D-personnel and thus to wage
increases for such personnel, if they are in short supply. It is an open question, whether there is a
shortage of R&D-personnel within the EU. Certainly, the situation differs between the different
member states but at least in the case of high level R&D-personnel, the labour market is global
and it should be possible for the different countries to recruit enough personnel given that the
offers are attractive enough.
Page 13
5.4 Education and training
Human capital is an important factor when explaining innovation and economic growth. This can
be seen in the human capital index given by the Lisbon Agenda. The index is used to rank the
European countries and involves four dimensions (i) endowment, (ii) utilisation, (iii)
productivity, and (iv) demography and employment.
5.4.1 Higher Education
It is important to analyze the role of higher education in promoting innovation and the effects of
education on labour productivity. Empirical research has convincingly shown that education
raises labour productivity. However, the link between higher education and innovation is weak.
A possible explanation might be that only a minor part of the workers with higher education
moves into innovative jobs.
Although it is hard to establish a link between higher education and innovation at the macro
level, there should be such a link at the micro level through R&D. The reason is that graduates
with an engineering, technical, or science education are the most important input in R&D-
production. Since R&D has substantial positive external effects, the supply of this type of
graduates is of crucial importance for EU's innovative capacity.
Engineering, technical, and science studies have lost substantial popularity in recent decades in
many member states. Thus, the supply of graduates in these fields has decreased relative to other
fields. Assuming a stable level of demand for graduates from engineering, technical and science
studies, this should have resulted in higher wages for such graduates compared with graduates
from other fields. However, empirical studies indicate that the relative wages for graduates from
engineering, technical and science studies have remained the same or have even been falling.
This implies that the labour demand for other types of graduates must have increased so much
that any wage pressure due to a reduced supply of graduates from engineering, technical and
science studies has been offset, given that the demand for such graduates has not decreased. The
general conclusion seems to be that there is no general shortage of graduates from engineering,
technical, and science studies within the EU.
A related issue is the quality of the engineering, technical and science education offered by
universities within the EU. Here the problems are obvious. What the EU needs is that a sufficient
number of universities are given opportunities within a competitive race to develop to elite
universities that can compete with the best universities in the US and which are open for top-
students from any country in the world.
Concluding remarks on incentives policies:
• Develop the behavioral additionality
• Subsidies from the public sector should target specific groups of firms,
where the subsidy produces positive externalities
Page 14
An often-used motivation for government intervention in higher education is that education
generates positive external effects similar to the R&D case. In the presence of positive social
effects, governments should subsidise education up to the point where the social and private
returns are equalized. However, in contrast to R&D, external effects of higher education are
notoriously difficult to measure empirically and most reliable estimates that the social returns to
higher education equal the private returns, i.e. the individuals taking higher education are able to
appropriate all the benefits of higher education. Thus, there is no argument for further increases
in the public expenditures on higher education at the current level of education subsidies within
most of the EU-15 states. The EU is limited, in its education formulation, by its social policies;
this is one major difference that exists between the education system in the EU and in the US.
One important aspect of the markets for higher education within the EU is that the union does
not function properly due to lack of competition. As a consequence of the policy-induced
structure of the higher education sector, publicly financed institutions of higher education are
able to take advantage of a kind of monopoly situation, which is essentially unchallenged
because non-subsidized potential entrants cannot compete with the subsidized "monopolists".
This situation undermines the quality of higher education within the EU and is harmful for
investments in human capital. It also explains why so few, if any, universities in the EU can
compete with the leading elite universities in the US. Making universities into self-governing
institutions and reducing barriers to entry in the market for higher education, by creating a level
playing field can stimulate entry, foster competition, make institutions of higher education more
efficient, and provide students with more educational choice.
The returns from investment in education are found in the following table. Table 5.1 shows that
Europe and OECD countries have a low rate of return in their investment in education, from a
social view. From a private perspective, OECD countries are far below the rest of the world. It is
therefore important that the private investment in universities increases and become profitable so
that universities receive financial resources to develop.
Table 5.1 Returns to education by level, in percentage.
Source: World bank statistics
5.4.2 Primary and Secondary education
The primary and secondary education is both included in the concept of human capital. Human
capital is in the new growth theory the main source of innovation since it allows individuals to
produce and adapt technological change. A high ratio of human capital generates economic
growth since more human capital makes it easier to absorb technologies from other countries and
Page 15
develop it further, which is important from the secondary education level and up. The primary
education is a prerequisite for the other education levels and should therefore also be included as
an important factor. It is important to separate the quantity from the quality in all levels of
education (Barro, 2001).
Countries that are less-developed with lower average income tend to have a higher return on
their investment in primary and secondary education. Higher education is more vital for the
growth in OECD countries. However, a general finding is that the initial average level of
education i.e. the stock of human capital, measured as the literacy rate or primary and secondary
enrolment ratio, has a positive impact on economic growth (Blundell et al, 1999). When
evaluating 21 OECD countries Gemmel (1996) found a positive relationship between investment
and the ratio of the labour force with secondary education.
5.4.3 Other sources
Firms that invest in human capital do this by investing in on-the-job-training. The training
increases the productivity of the employees since they become more efficient. On-the-job-
training can be any activity undertaken at the firm that increases the productivity of the
employees. These activities can be formal, workshops and specific education and informal
training, such as learning-by-doing (Kalaitzidakis, 1997).
On-the-job-training is needed the most when firms adopt new technologies or if the firm is
experiencing a large change in their environment such as a shift from low to high skill jobs. This
is found in many OECD countries. According to several surveys conducted in firms, the
appropriate skill of the employees is an important factor when adopting innovations and
technologies (Acemoglu, 1997). On-the-job-training can affect the demand for labour due to
their observed abilities, such as education but also due to the unobservable abilities
(Kalaitzidakis, 1997).
In an imperfect labour market, future employers will benefit from the on-the-job-training that the
employees receive. This externality is between the today's employer and future employers and
will lead to that too little on-the-job-training will be conducted. When many firms adopt an
innovation the employees expect a higher return from their skills and are more eager to get
involved in on-the-job-training. The probability of innovation and training will therefore
increase by the thickness of the labour market. There exist also a relationship between the
employee and the current employer which arises due to incomplete contracts and credit market
imperfections. The later problem can be solved by, for example, penalties for workers that leave
the current employer (Acemoglu, 1997).
Lifelong learning is a concept that is broader then the education period or the knowledge
acquired at the working place through, for example on-the-job-training. It is continuous spectra
of the learning process that takes place at all levels in the society, formal, non-formal and
informal. Since it is increasing, the stock of human capital it is beneficial for the innovation level
in a nation or in a region. The reason behind the need of lifelong learning is the rapid changing
technological environment and the structure of the economy that puts pressure on the employees.


text:
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Can't find what you're looking for? Shop all ink and toner cartridges by brand
New Customer ? Start Here.
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Item: 721596 Model: 2635
Pacon® Economical newsprint measuring 11" x 8 1/2" has blue ruling on both sides that is deal for students learning to write or print. White newsprint features alternate broken line and is sold as 500 sheets per ream.
|Ruled Writing Paper Type
This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Gina Czupka, writing for examiner.com, calls the Goldstein Museum of Design a "hidden gem." Referring to the current exhibition, "Expressions of Stability and Change: Ethnic Dress and Folk Costume," Czupka writes, "seeing these clothes and the intricate workmanship and symbolism that imbue them with meaning is a great inspiration for travel."
Posted In
Common Tags
design college of design tom fisher architecture award awards announcement cdes sustainable 2014 students video university of minnesota goldstein museum of design landscape architecture aia exhibition alumni lecture lucy dunne research museum competition minneapolis art community fashion barry kudrowitz event project public interest design events from the dean goldstein international study abroad sustainability conference fashion show haiti awards magazine sustainabiliy conferences csbr graphic design metropolitan design center minnesota schedule star tribune


text:
To The Average Fed (PvP talk)
View Single Post
Archived Post
Lt. Commander
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 120
# 7
Originally Posted by
6.) Some very good skills to look into are:
*Reverse shield polarity (countered mainly by Tykens Rift and Energy Siphons)
*Viral Matrix (countered by Attack pattern omega, science team, and if you fast enough reverse shield polarity)
*Tykens Rift (countered by simply moving away from the rift, but this can be hindered if you are hit by two layers using a tykens rift and gravity well)
*Subnuc Beam (no real counter, but if you use it be prepared to be the main target alot more)
*Jam Sensors & Scramble Sensors (countered by using science team on yourself)
The problem is that this is the loadout for 99% of ALL ships on either side that I see in PvP.
It's sad that a few powers so far outshine the others.


text:
MESSE 2014: Dualo Unique French Instrument
MESSE 2014: Dualo Unique French Instrument Two keyboard hex machine records and plays
Experimental: The Snyderphonics Birl
BIRL wind instrument prototype by Snyderphonics.
Development by Jeff Snyder and Danny J. Ryan.
A little explanation:
Super quick rough edit to show to some people I know, I'll edit a real demo together at some point.
It is designed to have a very basic wind instrument keying kind of like a recorder/flute/saxophone, with octave keys for the thumb. It lacks a lot of the special-purpose saxophone keys (i.e. the multiple pinky keys and whatnot).
The cool thing is that you can "train" it to use any fingering (within the limits of the physical keys) that you want. As in – put your fingers in some pattern and say "this should be an Eb" to the software. Then, you can store those as presets in the instrument and it will remember them and recall them. It's using a neural net to learn what you want.
The other neat feature is that I am trying to get a much better sense of embouchure. Right now it's in an early stage, but you can see it working in the video. You can put your mouth in some particular position (say, tightening your lips) and say "when I do this I want the sound to get buzzier". The neural net also learns these things. Then it creates an large space of possibilities – I'm trying to approach the wealth of sound and technique options that something like a saxophone has, so that you can really shape the tone and get microtones and squeals and fluttertongue and everything. The idea is that every new "training" you do will have a whole world of extended techniques alongside the expected behavior you have trained.
For synthesis, it's using some simple FM stuff and a physical modelling patch (which is amazing with it).
I'm working on a schedule to try and come out with it as a small-run product via a kickstarter campaign by the end of summer.
Let me know if you're interested and I'll put you on the list to get updates!
Jeff at snyderph
The CaSYNTHerette – new virtual instrument library for Kontakt
Rattly and Raw has announced the release of The CaSYNTHerette, a virtual instrument library for Native Instruments Kontakt.
TWO synths, one using waveforms from classic synthesisers sampled from a very rare, stable, full range cassette recorder with loads of character and the other using waveforms sampled using the dirty, noisy Cassamplerette recording mechanism.
Whilst the Cassamplerette was looped and single shot recordings of real instruments, the CasSYNTHerette is a fully functional synthesis instrument using waveforms from some classic synth oscillators recorded and looped onto different cassette tape systems.
The CaSYNTHerette features
- FOUR cassette tape-based waveform oscillator faders: Square, Triangle, PWM and Soft (a combination wave from a classic synth).
- Additional SUB oscillator fader!
- Tape cassette noise fader with stereo and tone controls.
- Individual waveform tuning via tape speed controls!
- Individual waveform pans.
- HP/LP Filter + lfo + envelope.
- Amplitude envelope.
- x2 custom convolution reverbs with tone control. One very rare cranky vintage spring verb and one old spacey hardware digital verb!
- Fully controllable delay.
- Two state distortion control with 'soften' control.
- Saturation control.
- LoFi (Bitcrush) control.
- Chorus and Flanger controls.
- Wonkiness control – magnify the cassette tape wobbliness!
- Switchable MONO/POLY.
- Loads of PRESETS!
The library is available to purchase for £20 GBP.
Vintage Upright – new virtual piano instrument for Native Instruments Kontakt
Simple Sam Samples has launched Vintage Upright, a virtual piano instrument for Native Instruments Kontakt.
Vintage Upright is a beautiful "character" piano, subtly out-of-tune, bursting with realism, and filling a gap between the pristinely sampled pianos on the market and novelty "junk" pianos.
Its haunting tone shines beautifully as a solo instrument or in the mix, and lends extraordinary character to any style of music including jazz, rock, blues, pop, ragtime, and film applications.
Vintage Upright features
- More than 3000 samples in 24 Bit.
- All 88 keys individually sampled in 10 dynamic levels.
- Two microphone perspectives (Close and Room).
- Multi-velocity adjustable mechanical noises (pedal, hammer, release).
- Authentically modeled una corda (soft pedal) samples.
- Sympathetic String Resonance with real overtones.
- True repedaling and Pedal "catch".
- User controllable microphone/recording noise.
- Adjustable stereo width and controllable reverb.
The library is available to purchase for the introductory price of $29.99 USD (regular $49.99 USD). Requires the full retail version of Kontakt 5.1 or later (Kontakt 4 version coming soon).
Ice Cave Free Ableton Instrument
This Free Ableton Live collection was created with a Casio SK-1, Teenage Engineering OP-1, Ice Cave Samples, Forest, Fire, Earth and Water Samples. There is a percussion rack, a synthesizer, and convolution reverbs.
Get the CasiOP-1 Ice Cave Synth here: http://bit.ly/freesynth99
Get the Forest Fall Micro Drums and Reverbs here: http://bit.ly/forestfall
Visit his site for more stuff like this, including Live Instrument downloads, tutorials and music! http://www.afrodjmac.com
Free synth for Ableton Live – based on DSI's Prophet 12
Francis Preve has released a free instrument for Ableton Live, based on Dave Smith's new Prophet 12 synthesizer.
Here's what Preve has to say about the free Live instrument:
Dave Smith's Prophet 12 is one of the most buzzworthy keyboards of 2013. It's arguably the deepest analog-hybrid polysynth ever released – and since all of my previous packs have used single note samples, I decided to create a pack entirely from chord stabs.
Aria – free synthesizer instrument for Reaktor
Need a Name has introduced Aria, a free synthesizer instrument for Native Instruments Reaktor.
Hey guys, I released a new Reaktor ensemble named Aria, it's an experimental synthesizer.
The synth is mostly enjoyable when playing it with a dynamic keyboard, 'cause filters are modulated by velocity.
Aria is a free download at Need a Name. Requires Reaktor full version.
Enzyme – new "scanned synthesis" instrument for Windows and Mac
Humanoid Sound Systems has released a public beta of Enzyme, a "scanned synthesis" instrument for Windows and Mac.
Enzyme incorporates all the popular features of our Scanned Synth Pro, but takes its scanning synthesis in several new directions simultaneously.
Sample import is now available so you can resynthesise existing sounds with automatic pitch detection and click-free looping, while Hybrid Scanned/FM synthesis is also on offer for even more sonic possibilities.
Enzyme features
- Next generation Scanned Synthesis Engine with Sample import function & Hybrid Scanned/FM synthesis options.
- Multiple scanner options for fatter 'Unison Mode', brighter 'Harmonic', or imported 'Explorer Mode' with imported samples.
- New Effects Rack, allowing practically unlimited layering of effects such as analog modelled filters, reverb, chorus, flanger, and destortion.
- Automatable performance controls, allowing control of important parameters from a single location and multiple parameters to be controlled using a single control.
- Alternative tunings.
- VST 2.4, Audio Units (AAX Support coming soon).
- Support for both 32 and 64 bit architectures under both Windows and OS X.
- As with SSP, each Enzyme voice includes a complex Scanning Oscillator with hammer, wave, mass and connection matrix controls, a 7-mode resonant filter, three ADSR envelopes and two LFOs, and a separate Multi-Effects section featuring reverb, tempo-synced echo, chorus, flanger and 7-mode resonant filter.
Enzyme for Windows and Mac (VST/AU) is available to purchase for $49.99 USD. Note: This is still officially a beta version of Enzyme but it is totally safe to run on your computer.
Metal Can Drums – virtual instrument library for Native Instruments Kontakt
Syntone has announced Metal Can Drums, a virtual instrument library for Native Instruments Kontakt.
Metal is an interesting material. On the one hand, you can hit it to create a sharp attack and barely any release. But on the other hand, you can tap it and get a long, rattly sound.
That is the concept for the Metal Can Drums library: to provide a set of metal drums that give you the best of both worlds. The library comes with 8 round robin, 7-8 velocity layers, 33 different types of hits from 4 different types of cans and custom scripting, including a custom-made arpeggiator.
Metal Can Drums features
- 8 round robin, 7-8 velocity layers.
- 33 different types of hits from 4 different types of cans.
- Custom-scripting, including an arpeggiator.
- 48kHz/24-bit quality.
- 1.35GB (572MB compressed).
- Requires Kontakt 4.2.4+ full version.
The library is available to purchase for the introductory price of $20 AUD until December 9th, 2013 (regular $40 AUD).
Reaktor: WHOOSH new sound design instrument to create breath taking whoosh and pass-by effects
WHOOSH is a true sound design instrument and enables you to create breath taking whoosh and pass-by effects. It is possible to precisely design sounds varying from whistling wind whooshes to air ripping engine pass-bys or completely over the top granular sci-fi effects.
The included doppler effects engine was designed from ground up to physical model the acoustic phenomena of an object that approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The individual playback engines, the source mixer and doppler engine can be manipulated in synchronized connection to each other. This makes it possible to playback the desired sound effect at different durations while remaining everything in perfect sync.
Whoosh comes with an extensive onboard sample library licensed from leading sound effect recordists. It includes categories like wind, fire, metal, water, engine and explosion effects.
Whoosh is built for Native Instruments Reaktor 5.8 or later – (Player not supported).
• Enables you to design breath taking whoosh and pass-by sound effects.
• Complex but intuitive to use sound design engine.
• 4 loop / grain samplers, 4 impact samplers, wave mixer, doppler engine and post effects.
• Comes with over 240 sounds exclusively licensed from professional sound effect recordists.
• Note: Loading your own sounds is not supported at the moment – but it is possible.
(This will become officially available in a future update)
System Requirements:
• Mac or PC running a full version Native Instruments Reaktor 5.8 or later
• Download size: 150 MB zipped (200 MB uncompressed)
• Note: whoosh does not run in Reaktor Player – a full version of Reaktor is required.
Price: $79,00 US


text:
Home / Phoenix / Course Information & Reviews / Phoenix Course Map
Phoenix Golf Course Map
Below is a map of all the courses in Phoenix. If you can't find the course you are looking for below, and know the course name,
please view all Phoenix golf courses by alphabetical list.
Phoenix Arizona Golf Course Locations:
42 Dobson Ranch
47 Encanto GC 9
96 Palo Verde
99 Peoria Pines
130 Sun City-North
143 The Phoenician
157 Villa de Paz
158 Vistal Golf Club
170 XGolf Scottsdale


text:
BOISE --A former Idaho state senator has been arrested by Ada County Sheriff's deputies for the second time in the last 12 months.
John McGee surrendered himself to deputies at the Ada County Jail around 6:30 p.m. Tuesday. According to a spokesperson with the Ada County Sheriff's Office, he was subsequently arrested.
The Ada County Prosecutor's Office issued an arrest warrant for McGee earlier in the day. The warrant charged McGee with disturbing the peace and violating his probation.
McGee, who's become known for a bizarre string of crimes related to a DUI he received last Father's Day, has struggled through controversy in his public and personal life ever since.
In a seperate incident, McGee resigned from the Idaho state senate in February 2012 after a female staffer alleged she was sexually assaulted by McGee. A subsequent investigation by the Idaho State Police led to the newest charges McGee is accused of.
That investigation, according to the Ada County Prosecutor's Office, found that McGee used profane language and offensive conduct in the presence of the female legislative staffer in question. The incident took place on February 7th at McGee's former Statehouse office.
Ada County Deputy Prosecuting Attorney Roger Bourne said these charges don t typically warrant an arrest, but this recent charge coupled with the fact that McGee is still on probation, means an arrest is needed.
Bourne also says the courts will handle both cases as one.
We have asked the judge to consolidate these cases for plea and sentencing, so we expect there to be a plea for these and sentencing to be held in front of the judge at the same time. So that is the direction we expect this to go, said Bourne.
McGee had been placed on one year of unsupervised probation which would have expired on July 1st.
Ada CountySherrif's Office spokeswoman AndreaDeardon said McGee immediately bonded out on the two $1,000 misdemeanor warrants and was released Tuesday night.
McGee is still employed as the Director of Marketing for the West Valley Medical Center in Caldwell.
He is due in court on Aug. 21 to face the misdemeanor charges.


text:
Good Evening
I am interested in undertaking a LLB via Distance Learning with Nottingham Trent
Can anyone let me have experiences / testimonials re studying law at this university via the Distance Learning route
Many thanks
Law - Nottingham Trent - Feedback Ref Distance Learning
|Posted on
Submit reply
RegisterThanks for posting! You just need to create an account in order to submit the post Already a member? Sign in
Oops, something wasn't right
please check the following:


text:
Congressional news
Clinton says goodbye, underlines importance of IA budget and exchanges
Bidding farewell to the State Department this afternoon as she stepped down from her post as Secretary of State, and after "a challenging week saying goodbye to so many people," Hillary Clinton said she was proud "to have been Secretary of State" and "in the work [the State Department has] done to elevate diplomacy and development."
With its leadership changing and the views of its eight Republican members ranging "all over the map," the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) of the 113th Congress is likely to showcase "a lack of cohesion," as well as strong, vigorous debates, CQ.com reports. This new dynamic could "reinvigorate a panel that has grown increasingly marginalized on Capitol Hill in recent years," though it also runs the risk of "creating more dysfunction, with committee infighting bogging down the legislative agenda."
Former Nebraska Sen. Chuck Hagel (R) is "likely" to be confirmed by the Senate as the next Secretary of Defense, according to Senate Majority Whip Richard Durbin (R-IL). Durbin has said that so far, he has not counted a single Democratic "no" vote (CQ.com reports). Even so, CQ.com also reports that Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi is the only Republican who has committed to voting for Hagel's confirmation.
A bipartisan group of Senators introduced a bill yesterday that would automatically grant green cards to international graduates of U.S. universities with degrees in the STEM fields, as well as significantly increase the number of H-1B visas, CQ.com reports.
Early in 2013, Congress and the White House finally reached an agreement to keep the U.S. from plunging over "the fiscal cliff." While this agreement included some provisions on spending and revenue and resolved the expiration of the Bush tax cuts, it delayed the more critical decisions needed to prevent sequestration and achieve long-term deficit reduction. Because of this, sequestration and its embedded automatic spending cuts were not avoided but simply delayed, until March 1 – a date that both coincides with the time the U.S. is expected to again hit the debt ceiling, and is only weeks before the current FY 2013 continuing resolution (CR) expires, on March 27.
By a vote of 94 to 3, the Senate overwhelming approved Sen. John Kerry (D-MA) yesterday afternoon as the United States' next Secretary of State, The Washington Post reports. Kerry abstained from voting but watched the proceedings from the front of the Senate chamber. Three Republicans voted against Kerry: Sens. Ted Cruz and John Cornyn of Texas, and Sen.
Testifying before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) during his confirmation hearing to become the next U.S. Secretary of State, Senator John Kerry (D-MA) expressed his great appreciation for the work of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who has "served above and beyond duty," and vowed to build on her record, as well as President Obama's vision.
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) will hold a full committee confirmation hearing this coming Thursday, January 24, on the nomination of Senator John Kerry (D-MA) to be Secretary of State.
The hearing will be held at 10:00 am in Room 216 of the Hart Senate Office Building.
President Obama nominated former Nebraska Senator Chuck Hagel (R) to succeed Leon Panetta as Secretary of Defense, several news sources including the New York Times and the Washington Post report.
The 113th Congress was sworn in today and its "demographic composition … is in some sense historic," CNN reports.
Some interesting statistics on the new Congress compiled by CNN and The Week are below:


text:
Frames make the perfect wall art
More News from Anton Barretto, Marissa Lopa
So you've got that blank wall to fill in your house. You want to put something that would be interesting to look at, or at least pleasing to the eye.
Then there's the budget. Art can be expensive these days, but you have options. It comes in all shapes and sizes, too.
Let's explore the beauty of frames. When framed correctly, a painting is enhanced, its beauty given a proper stage from which to shine or reach out to the viewer. The wrong frame can achieve the opposite, taking away beauty and appreciative value.
Grouping frames of different shapes, sizes and details can add character to a bare wall.
Here, we put together just frames, without any art to distract.
Tips to guide you:
Scour garage sales or second-hand shops for old and new frames. Be on the lookout for those with interesting details like intricate woodwork or whatever catches your eye.
Find a common thread or detail to bring the grouping together—for example, similar angular shapes, squares and rectangles. Or, create something common between them, such as painting the frames in one color. By doing this, you pull them together visually in that one space.
Arrange the frames on the floor as you would on the wall and move them around until you find the right sense of balance. A good rule of thumb is to have the same measurement between each frame.
Get Inquirer updates while on the go, add us on these apps:
Disclaimer: The comments uploaded on this site do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of management and owner of INQUIRER.net. We reserve the right to exclude comments that we deem to be inconsistent with our editorial standards.
To subscribe to the Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper in the Philippines, call +63 2 896-6000 for Metro Manila and Metro Cebu or email your subscription request here.
Factual errors? Contact the Philippine Daily Inquirer's day desk. Believe this article violates journalistic ethics? Contact the Inquirer's Reader's Advocate. Or write The Readers' Advocate:
c/o Philippine Daily Inquirer Chino Roces Avenue corner Yague and Mascardo Streets, Makati City,Metro Manila, Philippines Or fax nos. +63 2 8974793 to 94


text:
202 conference presentation Slide decks.
See Open Source conferences.
Your current filters are…
from Quo pertentas, OSS? - How Open Source can benefit from well-crafted Tests at 14. OWASP Stammtisch Hamburg, 29th April 2014
Added 1 year ago
from Adventures in early-adoption of open-source code at London Ruby User Group April 2014, 14th April 2014
from Open Source Systems Administration at SCALE 12x, 21st-23rd February 2014
from Automating Security Policies, from deployment to auditing using Rudder at LSM / RMLL 2013, 6th-11th July 2013
from L'automatisation open source pour SI complexes : si, si, c'est possible ! at Solutions Linux / Solutions Libres & Open Source, 28th-29th May 2013
from Crowdcrafting: An Open Source Platform for Citizen Science Projects at Citizen Cyberscience Summit 2014, 20th-22nd February 2014
from From Cloud Computing to Platform as a Service at BCS Oxfordshire February 2014, 13th February 2014
from Joomla! in your area at Joomla!Day UK 2013, 4th-6th October 2013
from How can your business give back to the Joomla! Project? at Joomla!Day UK 2013, 4th-6th October 2013
from Articles are boring .. long live the Content Construction Kit (CCK) at Joomla!Day UK 2013, 4th-6th October 2013
from Unicode Programming in Modern Perl at Internationalization & Unicode Conference (IUC) 37, 21st-23rd October 2013
from Open Data, Open Source, and Open Standards for Toxicology at OpenTox Euro 2013, 30th September to 2nd October 2013
from Developments in Semantic HTML - adding information to search listings at Joomla!Day South Africa 2013, 18th-20th October 2013
from XMPP over websockets using JSON at Realtime/XMPP meetup London, 13th March 2013
from Hackathon - Live community development session on eZ Publish Community Project at eZ Conference & Awards 2011, 16th-17th June 2011
from Architecting the Chaos at Steel City Ruby Conference 2013, 16th-17th August 2013
from The Evolving Form of Free Software Organizations at The Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit, 3rd-5th April 2012
from From Proprietary to Community: The Open Sourcing of Enyo at OSCON 2013, 22nd-26th July 2013
from Everybody Loves Eric Raymond at LUGRadio Live 2006, 22nd-23rd July 2006
from Coulda Been a Contributor: Making a difference through open source software at OSCON 2013, 22nd-26th July 2013
Browse and track events by topic
Follow @lanyrd on Twitter.
Lanyrd on Facebook
Lanyrd is an company
· Blog
· Services
· Colophon
+ Cookies · Email us


text:
21 search results for Black Pond
Karlovy Vary: Variety celebrates the European directors of the future
Type: Post | Date: Tuesday, Jul 3, 201210 Euro Directors To Watch sidebar includes 'Wrinkles' and 'Black Pond'
'We Need to Talk About Kevin' tops Evening Standard Award winners
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Feb 6, 2012Michael Fassbender and Olivia Colman take acting honors
Family Portrait in Black and White
Type: Event | Date: Friday, Jul 13, 2012This was a 2011 Sundance Film Festival selection.
'Shame' and 'Tyrannosaur' top nominees for Evening Standard Awards
Type: Post | Date: Wednesday, Feb 1, 2012'Tinker, Tailor' maintains its solid UK awards presence
SXSW - Day One: A preview of what to expect from us during the festival
Type: Post | Date: Friday, Mar 9, 2012Music docs, crazy midnights, and experimental voices abound
'The Artist' and 'Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy' lead BAFTA nominations
Type: Post | Date: Tuesday, Jan 17, 2012'Hugo' snubbed as 'Drive' cracks Best Film lineup
'Shame,' 'Tinker, Tailor' and 'Tyrannosaur' lead BIFA nods
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Oct 31, 2011'Senna' scores nods for both Best Film and Best Documentary
Vampire Weekend, Tegan and Sara, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis set for SXSW
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Jan 10, 2013Icona Pop, Fitz and the Tantrums, Thurston Moore and Angel Haze also on tap
Benedict Cumberbatch cracks the code in two trailers for WWII drama 'The Imitation Game'
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Jul 21, 2014Plus: The film will kick off the 2014 BFI London Film Festival
Paula Deen launching 'The Paula Deen Network' on the web
Type: Post | Date: Wednesday, Jun 11, 2014Paula Deen launching "The Paula Deen Network" on the web George R.R. Martin wishes "Game of Thrones" had 13 episodes a season "Orange is the New Black's" Laverne Cox makes nice with Katie Couric


text:
Most Read
- The 50 Greatest Superhero (and Villain) Names of All Time
- The 50 Greatest Literary Character Names of All Time
- The 50 Greatest Band Names of All Time
- The 12 People You Meet at a Babymetal Concert
- The 50 Most Drug-Addled Albums in Music History
- The 50 Greatest Civil War Names
- The 50 Greatest Pro Football Names of All Time
- The Shame of Fat-Shaming
- 20 Thoughts on Pulp Fiction on the Occasion of that Film's 20th Anniversary
Please Visit:
#theweeklingsMy Tweets
Tag Archives: Weezer
Step. Away. From The Horn-Rimmed Glasses!
Revenge of, history of, and criteria for categorization with, the nerds. Continue reading
Posted in Popular Culture Tagged Death Cab for Cutie, Dr. Seuss, Geeks, Giant Robot, Horn Rimmed Galsses, Judd Apatow, Magic Cards, Michael Cera, Nerds, Star Trek: TNG, Weezer 1 Comment
The Ten Bands I Will be Pleasured With in Heaven
Last week, Sean Beaudoin was in musical hell. This week, it's the Pearly Gates. Which bands does he like? Hint: there's no "Tears in Heaven" in heaven. Continue reading
Posted in Popular Culture Tagged Beach Boys, Billy Joel, Counting Crows, Creed, Elysian Fields, Eric Clapton, Oasis, Sting, Weezer 26 Comments


text:
Unflagging enthusiasm: Wednesday's the day to show some love for the Stars and Stripes
At age 11, Damante entered a six-year career at a military academy, which he attended during the Vietnam War.
"They taught me discipline," he said. "They taught me respect for the flag, respect for the country. Any success I have had always stemmed from my six years of military school."
Damante and Smith said people often call the dealership about the flag, sometimes to say they've noticed a tear in it or to ask why it is flying at half-staff.
"It's amazing the people who notice the flag," Damante said.
Not to be outdone, auto dealers on the west side of Interstate 15 in Escondido have their own patriotic symbol -- a 180-foot-tall flagpole that flies a 30-by-60-foot flag.
"It's all been good," Brecht BMW general manager Tom Brecht said about the comments he's heard since the giant pole was installed last August. "There's always controversy to start with, but once the flag was up, everybody was like, 'Wow, that's really cool.'"
The flagpole was a joint effort of car dealers at Escondido Auto Park. The flag cost about $1,500, and Brecht said the dealers have two so one can fly while repairs are made to the other.
"I know there were people who thought it was some kind of advertisement gimmick, but that's not what it is," Brecht said. "It's more just a patriotic sentiment for the dealers and owners of the car franchises."
A more modest display can be found in a flower display outside the theater company CAST Academy in Fallbrook. Academy owner Patty Hornsveld said the red, white and blue flowers are in honor of a local resident.
"Our flag flower display is a memorial to the late Andy Holina, who desired to have a giant flag pole in downtown Fallbrook to honor all the service men and women, past, present and future," Hornsveld wrote in an e-mail. "He was trying to get local venders to donate toward his endeavor when he was stricken with an inoperable brain tumor. He died never seeing his dream come true."
The flower bed is next to a sign that reads, "Support the troops, pray for peace."
Sense of history
Whether the flag is made of flowers or fabric, its an image that evokes a response. One of the most iconic and enduring images of the flags is the photo of it being raised on Iwo Jima.
Oceanside resident Mike Mervosh, who retired as a Marine Corps sergeant major in 1977 as the most senior enlisted man in all the Armed Forces, fought on Iwa Jima for 36 days in 1945.
"It means a hell of a lot to me," Mervosh said about Flag Day. "For one thing, Flag Day is my birthday."
Mervosh, who will be 83 on Wednesday, said patriotism can be abstract, but the flag is a tangible representative of its spirit.
"The flag and patriotism have to go together," Mervosh said.
The retired Marine supports a Constitutional amendment to ban flag-burning and has little patience with anyone who would desecrate the Stars and Stripes.


text:
Oracle PL/SQL / Excel/Adwords/ BingAds Professional
United States - Last active: 16 hours ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 2
My objective is to find interesting projects in which I can utilize my knowledge and result in a win-win situation for myself and the employer. ****************** ORACLE******************************************************* - SQL & PL/SQL Programming - ORACLE ENTERPRISE MANAGER 11g (GUI Database Admin Console) - RMAN COMMAND LINE (backup and recovery) - DATAPUMP IMPORTS/EXPORTS (Command line and Enterprise Manager) - SQL LOADER (Command line and Enterprise Manager) - Stored Procedure Migrations from MICROSOFT SQL SERVER TO ORACLE - DEBUGGING AND WRITING PL/SQL CODE (Stored Procedures / Stored Program Units and Triggers) - SECUREFILE FORMATS - ORACLE WALLET - LARGE OBJECTS (BFILES, CLOBS, BLOBS) - DATABASE OBJECT ENCRYPTION - ORACLE DATABASE INSTALLATIONS -Running Database in Command Line (Windows and Linux) -Oracle SQL Developer Developer Imports -Creating Reports From an Oracle Database in Excel (OLE DB CONNECTION) - Experience with MySQL Microsoft Excel - Customized spreadsheets with macros, v-lookups, formulas and pivot tables. GOOGLE ADWORDS / BingAds Campaign Creation, Management and Reporting
Conversion Optimization Expert (CRO)
United States - Last active: 16 hours ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 5
It's your job to stay a STEP AHEAD of leading-edge innovations. Welcome to your edge! Mat Satler have been actively involved on the web as a internet/affiliate marketer, SEO, PPC and Social practitioner for more than 18 years. With years of marketing under his belt he developed deep understanding of what prompts people to a purchase & what is influencing purchasing decisions. More than merely running A/B or multivariate website tests, you want to optimize the entire consumer experience, including across channels. Make no mistake about it—there are right ways and wrong ways to test. if you're aiming to come to a point where you're "finished" with optimization, you're missing the point. • keep consumer in a buying state • optimization must be an ongoing part of your daily marketing activities. It has to be a habit • targeting for the real world not perfect world • extends CRO across email, search, affiliate, advertising, merchandising, display, and more Examples of how I've helped other companies: ★ Increased a clients click through rate by 140% for their Adwords marketing campaign. ★ Overhauled existing landing pages to increase its enquiries by 280%. ★ Increased sales by 40% in 12 months through SEO CRO tactics ★ Decreased bounce rate of WordPress website by 20% ******JOBS I AM INTERESTED IN:****** ->Define or refine your digital marketing strategy for the real world ->Full Conversion Audits of your, website (Wordpress or HTML) ->Full Conversion Audits of your eCommerce site & funnels ->Full Conversion Audits of your, SEO campaigns ->Full Conversion Audits of your PPC campaigns ->Conversion Rate Optimization via A/B testing ->Keyword research -----------> I will Produce a written report (with screenshots and callouts) <------------- TOOLS Unbounce, Prosper202, Optimizely, Clicktale, CrazyEgg, Mixpanel, Google Analytics, Google Webmaster Tools, Moz, SeoClarity, LinkResearchTools, Screaming Frog, Pro Rank Tracker, Sitebeam, SEMrush, Woorank, spyfu, keywordspy, Revenuewire keyword tool Thank you for your consideration. Mat Satler Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matsatler
PPC Expert - Google AdWords & Bing Ads
India - Last active: 2 days ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 3
I have nearly 4 years of experience in a complete digital media and customer service. I am expert and wholly responsible for planning, implementation and daily management of my clients' overall social media marketing activities including :social media monitoring Google AdWords and Bing Ads. Specialize in: Advertising Solutions Search Engine Marketing: 1) Google AdWords 2) Bing Ads 3) Best keyword research for relevant traffic to your website Customer Service: 1) Online Email Support 2) Chat Support 3) Data Entry 4) Web Research 5) Transcription I do understand your concern so I am always available on Skype, email and telephone for communication. Always respect clients and their work, so give my 100% for best result. Regards, Arvind Chandra Shaw " Quality First "
PPC Expert - Adwords & Bing Ads Partner - French, English & Arabic
Tunisia - Last active: 6 days ago - Tests: 24 - Portfolio: 30
Over the last 8 years, I have set up, managed and audited a wide range of Search Marketing campaigns (SEM): start up, medium and large accounts with budgets ranging from a few hundred dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars, dealing with various industries : Consumer Goods, Entertainment, Food & Beverage, Health-care, Non-Profit & Government, Retail, cultural products, Telecommunications, Travel & Tourism... My core competency lies in setting up, managing and auditing PPC campaigns in Adwords (Google) and Bing Ads (Bing & Yahoo) in both Search and Content Networks I also have experience in the following areas: Facebook campaigns, Remarketing campaigns, Banners Design, Google Analytics, Google Web Optimizer, Google Adsense, Atlas, Marin Software... I add finally that I have a good level in English, and an excellent level in French and Arabic. So I'm of course available for Search Marketing campaigns in those languages.
- Google AdWords
- Microsoft adCenter
- Yahoo! Search Marketing
- Search engine marketing (SEM)
- Pay per click
- Internet Marketing
- Google Analytics
- Google AdSense
- Facebook Marketing
- Project management
- Marketing strategy
- Creative writing
- Copywriting
- Market research
- Ecommerce Platform Development
- Microsoft Excel
- Data Analytics
- Quantitative Analysis
- Arabic
- French
- Translation
- Translation French English
- Translation English French
- Translation Arabic English
- Translation English Arabic
- Graphic design
- Banner Ad Design
Associated with: Click 2 Sale
Adwords Expert | Google Adwords Certifed - PPC Management Since 2010
United Arab Emirates - Last active: 3 days ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 4
• Google Adwords certified: https://www.google.com/partners/#i_profile;idtf=107924634544174317230 • 3+ years experience managing paid and naturalsearch programs for well-established online retailers • hands-on knowledge of best practices in SEM/Facebook/GDN and a proven track-record of delivering qualified traffic from both an acquisition and conversion standpoint • Experience managing SEM/Facebook/GDN campaigns • Exceptional copy writing and editorial skills • Implementation of Tracking software and testing • Strong analytical skills with ability to drive meaningful actions from large data sets • Excellent knowledge in powerpivot for advance level reporting • Excellent knowledge and experience with web analytical tools and interfaces, i.e. Webtrends, Google Analytics, efficient frontier
- Google AdWords
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Internet Marketing
- Pay Per Click Advertising
- Google Analytics
- Microsoft Excel
- Social Media Marketing
- Microsoft adCenter
Associated with: Spread 4 Leads
1500+ Hours Digital Marketing Expert / Google Adword / SMM /SEO EXPERT
India - Last active: 1 day ago - Tests: 5 - Portfolio: 10
************ TOP RATED ************* Proficient SEO Strategist, SEO Manager with 7+ years of experience in areas of Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Social Media/Quality Assurance and Google Adwords . My SEO strategies help to increase site traffic and deliver more valuable results to your website. I am fully aware of GOOGLE PENGUIN, PANDA and Hummingbird updates and I do work according to Google guidelines and use only WHITE HAT SEO TECHNIQUES.
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Search engine marketing (SEM)
- Internet research
- Internet Marketing
- Google Analytics
- Google AdSense
- WordPress
- Joomla!
- Zen Cart
- BigCommerce
- Magento
- Marketing strategy
- Market research
- Google Spreadsheets
- Google+
- Facebook Marketing
- Link Building
- Blog Commenting
- Blog Writing
- Google Apps
- Microsoft adCenter
- Yahoo! Search Marketing
- A/B Testing
- Google search
- Google Places API
Associated with: Dexter IT Solutions
Certified Google & Yahoo/Bing PPC Expert
United States - Last active: 10/12/2012 - Tests: 6
I have worked in online marketing since graduating from Arizona State University in 2005. I have over three years of senior PPC/SEM management experience within the automotive, health & fitness, and home & home improvement industries. I have managed both in-house and external accounts with monthly budgets exceeding $200k. I am both Google AdWords and Microsoft AdCenter certified and have experience with desktop, mobile and tablet targeting; search, display and retargeting; Google, Yahoo/Bing, Ask, CitySearch, SuperPages, Facebook, Twitter and AdChemy; Google Analytics, Google Conversion Tracker, Omniture, AdChemy and LookSmart. I am also experienced in copywriting, social media marketing and email marketing, and have familiarity with SEO, HTML and graphic design.
Search Advertising & Marketing
Egypt - Last active: 03/01/2013 - Tests: 10 - Portfolio: 6
Seeking promising position in field of Online Marketing and Sales. I am eager to learn and gain more experience with skills of creative thinking, temper management, team work & work under pressure, with the ability to work Worldwide. https://www.elance.com/s/mriddler/ http://linkedin.com/in/mohamedriddler https://www.odesk.com/users/Search-Advertising-Marketing_~01653499893298fec8 https://www.google.com/partners/#i_profile;idtf=107851873969020995003; MS Office (Word – Access– Excel – FrontPage). Super user of MS Windows 9x, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista and Internet. Network Administration. Desktop Publishing Applications (Adobe Family, QuarkXpress) Excellent experience of software solutions (General IT) Super user of Internet and all related applications. Website content management and search-engine optimization. HTML authoring and Web Mastering. • I worked at "Dar El-Kholafaa" printing house as General Manager (summer 2004) • I worked at "Arabic Integrated Services" as DTP Typesetter and Web Master (summer 2005 – 2008). • I worked at "Arabic Integrated Services" as Marketing Manager (2008 – Now). • I worked at "Ameco Tech corporation: The leading Multinational Contact Center in Egypt" as Business Analyst (July 2009 – Jan 2010). • I worked at "NetOne Int." as Individual Telesales Agent from home (September 2009 – December 2009). • I worked at "e-Rankings" as Sales Executive (Jan 2010 – August 2011). • I promoted at "e-Rankings" to Search Advertising Manager (August 2011 – August 2012). • I worked at "Quad Marketing Solutions" as Search Advertising Manager (September 2012 – Now).
- Google AdWords
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Google search
- SEO Keyword Research
- Yahoo! Search Marketing
- Google Analytics
- Google AdSense
- Google Calendar Development
- Google Docs
- Google Places API
- Google Reader
- Google Sites Administration
- Google Spreadsheets
- Microsoft adCenter
- Microsoft Excel
- Microsoft Word
- Microsoft Outlook Development
- Email Marketing
- Internet Marketing
- Telemarketing
- Social Media Marketing
- Facebook Marketing
- Internet research
- Translation Arabic English
- Translation English Arabic
- Content Management
- Adobe PDF
- PDF Conversion
- Desktop Publishing
- Adobe InDesign
- Search engine marketing (SEM)
- Data Entry
- Advertising
- Arabic
- Translation
Google AdWords Certified Expert | PPC | SEM | Ad-center | Facebook Ads
India - Last active: 16 hours ago - Tests: 4 - Portfolio: 14
NicePro is a Google Certified company bringing to the table rich & extensive experience in providing Online Marketing Management Services. We have been active 3 years on oDesk and our clients are raving about the results. Search Engine Marketing is our area of expertise. Over the last 4 years on oDesk we have managed over 100+ PPC campaigns (AdWords, AdCentre, Facebook, YouTube); helping our clients increase their conversion rate, ROI and Decrease CPA. What makes us different? WE GET RESULTS. Please review our Work History and Feedback, which I believe speak well for our ability to deliver top-notch results.
Google AdWords Certified Partner
India - Last active: 1 month ago - Tests: 3 - Portfolio: 2
After successfully completing many Internet marketing projects,, I have experts specialize in various areas of Internet Marketing which are as follows: My Google Adwords Certification Link: https://adwords.google.com/professionals/profile/ind?id=014291136824785000403&hl=en Internet Marketing: PPC Google AdWords, Facebook Adverts, Microsoft AdCenter and Yahoo! Advertising Solutions. Search Engine Optimization, Search Engine Marketing & Link Building Webmaster Tools, Google Analytics and Google Apps, Google Doc, Data Entry, Basic Operations, Formating, Functions, Charts, Lookups, Counting and summing formulas, Conditional formatting, Filters, Protecting your spreadsheets, Text manipulation, Charting basics, Keyboard shortcuts, Array formulas, Conditional/Logical Formulas. Your work is as important to me, as it is to you. I understand that seamless communication with my clients is of prime importance for the successful on-time delivery of quality projects customized to your requirements. Hence I am available via Skype and Email.


text:
Dear Senator Wyden,
We, the undersigned organizations, represent Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and secular residents of the state of Oregon who are struggling for peace in the Middle East through justice for Palestinians who have been denied equal rights and the right to self-determination for far too long.
In a recent letter to constituents, you stated that you are both "pro-Israeli" and "pro-Palestinian." Unfortunately, your record shows that you are neither.
For Israelis who hope for peace, you have nothing to offer but the status quo, which you back unequivocally every year by voting for $3 billion in military aid to the Israeli government, ensuring that it will continue its policies of settlement expansion, colonization, and authoritarian military rule over millions of Palestinians. You back the most right-wing government in Israel's history, and you gave its prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, 37 standing ovations when he recently addressed Congress. He thanked you by openly supporting Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election.
For Palestinians who hope for justice, you are silent in the face of Israeli massacres that have killed hundreds of children and thousands of civilians in attacks that even an American general has called "absolutely disproportionate," a violation of the Geneva Conventions. You are silent in the face of an apartheid legal system and an apartheid system of roads, housing, and water rights in the West Bank. You are silent about the more than 50 laws that discriminate against Palestinians who make up 20 percent of Israel's population. And you say nothing about the rights of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes, even though this right is guaranteed by the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Senator Wyden, you say you oppose the influence of Big Money in our elections, but you dutifully support every resolution proposed by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), which has a donor network that rivals Wall Street and the National Rifle Association. AIPAC supports every action of the Israeli government. It pushed for the U.S. invasion of Iraq, and it promotes an aggressive military approach toward Iran. It is a racist, militarist lobby that opposes fundamental human rights for Palestinians simply because they are not Jewish. AIPAC does not speak for the Jewish community. Read more: An Open Letter to U.S. Senator Ron Wyden
Maxine and Ned of Jewish Voice for Peace - Portland are in Gaza
right now as part of a Physicians for Social Responsibility
There are not many organizations able to get into Gaza right now and we wish Maxine and Ned a safe and successful journey.
You can read more on Maxine's blog:
[See original article for links]
For Immediate Release: October 29th, 2014
Activists Welcome SodaStream Decision to Shut Down Settlement Factory
Washington, DC-- Palestinian rights activists are welcoming today's announcement by SodaStream that it will be relocating its factory currently based in an illegal Israeli settlement in the occupied West Bank.
SodaStream, which manufactures home carbonating devices, has been the target of boycott campaigns worldwide due to the location of its main production site in the Mishor Adumim Industrial Zone and concealing the fact that its products are manufactured in a settlement by using "Made in Israel" labels.
The company has also come under fire for exploiting Palestinian land, resources, and labor, paying its Palestinian workers far less than their Israeli counterparts. In July the company fired 60 of its Palestinian workers over a Ramadan meal dispute.
"We have witnessed a tremendous growth in boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) efforts this year to pressure Israel to ends its denial of Palestinian rights. Today's news is just the latest sign that these global BDS campaigns are having an impact on changing the behavior of companies that profit from Israeli occupation and apartheid," said Ramah Kudaimi of the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation, a national coalition of more than 400 groups.
Read more: Activists Welcome SodaStream Decision to Shut Down Settlement Factory
SodaStream boycott - Your chance to complain and feel great about it!
SodaStream Boycott Advocates,
We're writing to ask that you stop by a local Kitchen Kaboodle store to request that they stop selling SodaStream products. You won't be the only one stopping by to register your complaint. We're asking all SodaStream boycott advocates to join in a Marathon Complaint Session in late October & early November. For three days, we'll flood Kitchen Kaboodle with personal requests to stop selling SodaStream products. We're doing this to send the store owners a strong message about the importance of de-shelving SodaStream products, and a strong message about our ability to mount a serious public boycott effort should they continue selling SodaStream products.
The Marathon Complaint Session is scheduled for Friday, October 31st, Saturday, November 1st and Monday, November 3rd.
To participate in the Marathon Complaint Session, simply decide which Kitchen Kaboodle store you wish to visit, then click on the link for that store:
Ø To select the Northeast Portland Store at 1520 N.E. Broadway Street at 16thAvenue, click here: Sign-up sheet for Northeast Portland Store
Ø To select the Northwest Portland Store at 404 N.W. 23rd Avenue at Flanders Street, click here: Sign-up sheet for the Northwest Portland Store
After you register for a time slot at one of these stores, we'll send you specific instructions for the event, including suggested wording for your verbal complaint.
Read more: SodaStream boycott - Your chance to complain and feel great about it!
Some 51 percent of those surveyed also said that businesses that do not fire employees who criticize the Israel Defense Forces should be boycotted
JERUSALEM (JTA) — One in four Jewish-Israeli consumers is boycotting Arab businesses in the wake of the summer's Gaza conflict, according to an Israeli business daily.
The 24 percent is down from the 29 percent who said they were boycotting Arab-owned businesses during the 50-day Operation Protective Edge, Globes reported, citing a telephone survey by the Tel Aviv-based Geocartography Knowledge Group research institute. The number was down significantly from the 47 percent of Jewish-Israelis who said during the operation that they planned to boycott such businesses.
Some 51 percent of those surveyed also said that businesses that do not fire employees who criticize the Israel Defense Forces should be boycotted, and that some 11 percent of Jewish-Israelis are boycotting such businesses. Another 40 percent said they would boycott such businesses if they could identify them, the survey found.
Globes quoted unnamed sources among suppliers who said that sales to Arab-owned markets are down substantially in recent months.
Read more: http://www.jta.org/2014/10/01/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/survey-nearly-one-quarter-of-jewish-israelis-boycotting-arab-businesses
Page 2 of 50<< Start < Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next > End >>


text:
Sign Up ForFREE Pattern Info!
Tell A Friend!
Out of Stock
With Our "Find This For Me" Service we notify you via email once we have stock!
Piece Code: G
Piece Name: Water Goblet
© 2015 Replacements, Ltd. All rights reserved
Piece Code: GB
Piece Name: Blue Water Goblet
Piece Code: GGR
Piece Name: Green Water Goblet
Piece Code: GP
Piece Name: Pink Water Goblet
Piece Code: DOLD
Piece Name: Double Old Fashioned
Piece Code: DOLDB
Piece Name: Blue Double Old Fashioned
Piece Code: DOLDG
Piece Name: Green Double Old Fashioned
Piece Code: DOLDP
Piece Name: Pink Double Old Fashioned
Piece Code: CHB
Piece Name: Highball Glass
Piece Code: HBB
Piece Name: Blue Highball
Piece Code: HBG
Piece Name: Green Highball
Piece Code: HBP
Piece Name: Pink Highball


text:
Yahoo! Sports NFL writer and unabashed Twitter personality @MikeSilver sits down with the Cheesehead Radio gang and talks about everything in the NFL...including his famous quote following the Fail Mary debacle!
Aaron Nagler and Corey Behnke talk to Mike Silver of Yahoo! Sports about the Green Bay Packers historically controversial loss to the Seattle Seahawks.


text:
Leeds Castle, Canterbury Cathedral and Cliffs of Dover Custom Day Trip
Leeds Castle
Set within 500 acres of parkland, Leeds Castle is renowned for housing a superb collection of medieval tapestries and furnishings. During your visit choose to:
- Embark on a self-paced walk around the castle's fairytale surrounds. Set across two islands and surrounded by a tranquil lake, Leeds Castle stands picture-perfect and an inspiration to countless artists
- Beat the crowds and take an early morning tour within the castle walls. Guides will be on hand to point out key points of interest including the aviary of rare birds, the vineyard and the intriguing maze (cost Adult £21.00, Child £13.50, Senior/Student £18.50).
Travel through Kent County to Canterbury, the birthplace of English Christianity and home to the Canterbury Cathedral. A stop for lunch is scheduled, after you opt to either:
- Loose yourself down a maze of cobbled streets on a guided walking tour through the medieval city of Canterbury
- Venture inside the magnificent Cathedral for a closer look at its Gothic-inspired architecture and learn why it is the most important church in the Anglican faith (cost Adult £9.00, Child £7.00, Senior/Student £8.50).
White Cliffs of Dover
Before returning back to London by coach transfer, witness the spectacular White Cliffs of Dover, standing 400 feet above sea level. Sprawled on top of the cliffs, you'll find 800 year old Dover Castle towering over the town below.
Entrance fees are not included, but can be purchased from your guide on tour.
Recent Photos of this Tour
Schedule details
Select a month to view a calendar of availability and departure details.
Pricing information
Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible.
Pricing information
Canterbury Cathedral
- Hotel pickup
- Professional guide
- Transport by air-conditioned coach (maximum 50 people)
- Entrance fees and optional tours
- Gratuities (optional)
- Hotel drop off
- Food and drinks, unless specified
- Confirmation will be received at time of booking
Traveler Reviews
Reviewed by: Nicole E, March 2015
This tour was very fun and so amazing just wished it wasn't that foggy so we couldn't see the cliffs better. The tour guides were very fun and really informative and very helpful.
Reviewed by: TRALEBUG, USA, September 2014


text:
Warmin' up the beef, I guess he wanna get his stretcher on
from Chop – All Night Long (Freestyle) Lyrics on Genius
Runners warm up by stretching. If you warming up the beef you must wanna be in a stretcher, play on words.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Chop – All Night Long (Freestyle) Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page