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Noun–noun combination: Meaningfulness ratings and lexical statistics for 2,160 word pairs
- William W. Graves,
- Jeffrey R. Binder,
- Mark S. Seidenberg
- … show all 3 hide
The combining of individual concepts to form an emergent concept is a fundamental aspect of language, yet much less is known about it than about processing isolated words or sentences. To facilitate research on conceptual combination, we provide meaningfulness ratings for a large set of (2,160) noun–noun pairs. Half of these pairs (1,080) are reversed versions of the other half (e.g., ski jacket and jacket ski), to facilitate the comparison of successful and unsuccessful conceptual combination independently of constituent lexical items. The computer code used for obtaining these ratings through a Web interface is provided. To further enhance the usefulness of this resource, ancillary measures obtained from other sources are also provided for each pair. These measures include associate production norms, contextual relatedness in terms of latent semantic analysis distance, total number of letters, phrase-level usage frequency, and word-level usage frequency summed across the words in each pair. Results of correlation and regression analyses are also provided for a quantitative description of the stimulus set. A subset of these stimuli was used to identify neural correlates of successful conceptual combination Graves, Binder, Desai, Conant, & Seidenberg, (NeuroImage 53:638–646, 2010). The stimuli can be used in other research and also provide benchmark data for evaluating the effectiveness of computational algorithms for predicting meaningfulness of noun–noun pairs.
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- Title
- Noun–noun combination: Meaningfulness ratings and lexical statistics for 2,160 word pairs
- Open Access
- Available under Open Access This content is freely available online to anyone, anywhere at any time.
- Journal
Behavior Research Methods
Volume 45, Issue 2 , pp 463-469
- Cover Date
- 2013-06-01
- 10.3758/s13428-012-0256-3
- Online ISSN
- 1554-3528
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Conceptual combination
- Lexical
- Semantics
- Ratings
- Concepts
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- William W. Graves (1)
- Jeffrey R. Binder (2)
- Mark S. Seidenberg (3)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Smith Hall Room 337, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- 2. Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- 3. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA


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King of Clutch wrote:woah woah way to soon. I'll enjoy this win a little first.
therealdeal wrote:I saw some positives last game. They showed just a little more frequency of good plays defensively. Just a little more...
Jrue is out (my fantasy team now hurts) and obviously Bynum is out. If Nash was playing this would be the perfect day to go nuts on these guys. As it is, we should try to get Howard going early. Kwame however is a great post defender, so maybe we ought to try more pick and roll sets.
King of Clutch wrote:woah woah way to soon. I'll enjoy this win a little first.
Weezy wrote:King of Clutch wrote:woah woah way to soon. I'll enjoy this win a little first.
I always make the new gameday thread immediately after the current game ends, simply so I don't forget.
By TAYLOR BECHTOLD
Posted Dec 15 2012 10:44PM
Despite the efforts of the NBA's scoring leader, the Los Angeles Lakers have sputtered along without their starting point guard.
The Philadelphia 76ers also struggled without their top playmaker last time out, and could be without him again.
While the Lakers try to win back-to-back games for the first time in nearly four weeks, the host 76ers look to avoid their first three-game skid when the teams meet Sunday night.
Philadelphia native Kobe Bryant, who tops the league at 29.3 points per game, scored 30 on 9-of-29 shooting as Los Angeles (10-14) snapped a four-game losing streak with Friday's 102-96 win at Washington.
Bryant hasn't received much help from the point guard spot while starter Steve Nash and reserve Steve Blake have been out with injuries. Nash (broken leg) has appeared in only two games, and is expected to return to practice next week. Blake (pulled abdominal) isn't likely to be back until at least late January.
Chris Duhon has filled in and averaged 6.6 points and 6.0 assists while the Lakers have gone 2-5 in his starts.
Los Angeles, which hasn't won two in a row since a season-best three-game run from Nov. 16-20, has also dropped five of seven without power forward Pau Gasol, who is expected to miss his eighth straight game with knee tendinitis.
"Every good offense is a rhythm, and our rhythm is offbeat right now," coach Mike D'Antoni said. "It's like we've got two left shoes, trying to dance."
The 76ers (12-11) can't afford to be without Jrue Holiday for very long after he missed Friday's 95-85 loss at Indiana because of a sprained right foot. With Philadelphia already without former Laker Andrew Bynum (bruised right knee), coach Doug Collins opted to keep Holiday on the bench rather than risk further injury.
Holiday, who is a game-time decision, leads the team in scoring at 18.4 points per game and ranks third in the league with 8.9 assists.
"We're erring on the side of caution," Collins said. "I don't want him out there playing on one foot and getting back spasms of something because he's playing on one foot. ... I'm hoping it's going to be a few days is what I'm saying."
If he can't go, Philadelphia is expected to let Evan Turner play the point and start Nick Young for the second straight contest. Turner had 22 points, 10 rebounds and five assists, while Young had eight points on 4-of-14 shooting against the Pacers.
Spencer Hawes looks to continue his improved play after finishing with 18 points. The 7-foot-1 center is averaging 14.3 points and 7.0 rebounds in his last three games.
Philadelphia is averaging 89.7 points in going 2-5 this month, but might be able to find some open looks against the Lakers, who had allowed an average of 111.8 points during its skid before holding offensively challenged Washington in check.
"We're not there yet, we're not even close. We're not close to being a good team," D'Antoni said. "But can you build on it? I hope so."
Dwight Howard, who had 12 points, 14 rebounds and four blocks against the Wizards, could be a factor against a 76ers defense that was outscored 40-26 in the paint Friday. H
oward has averaged 21.8 points and 15.6 rebounds in his last five games at Philadelphia. The Lakers lost 95-90 in Philadelphia in the only meeting last season, snapping a four-game winning streak in the series.
Howard, meanwhile, averaged just 9.3 points in three meetings against the Knicks while with Orlando last season.
Copyright 2012 by STATS LLC and Associated Press. Any commercial use or distribution without the express written consent of STATS LLC and Associated Press is strictly prohibited.
trodgers wrote:Rumor has it there is a league pass preview, so just about everyone should be able to see it.
trodgers wrote:Rumor has it there is a league pass preview, so just about everyone should be able to see it.
KEVIN DING @KevinDing
Andrew Bynum said the only Laker he still talks to these days is @paugasol.
Battle Tested20 wrote:trodgers wrote:Rumor has it there is a league pass preview, so just about everyone should be able to see it.
How long is the free preview?
I'm back home now in Nor Cal for Winter Break and my family has Dish , so I am reliant on this League Pass free preview + free streams for a few weeks.
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