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VIEWS: 140 PAGES: 8 CATEGORY: Emerging Technologies POSTED ON: 8/13/2010 Public Domain
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 RELIABLE ROUTING WITH OPTIMIZED POWER ROUTING FOR WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK T.K.Shaik Shavali , Dr T. Bhaskara Reddy and Sk fairooz Professor , Department of Computer Science, Lords institute of Engineering & Tech, Hyderabad-08, A.P. , INDIA E-mail:- firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Computer Science & Technology, S.K. University, Anantapur-03, A.P.,INDIA E-mail:-firstname.lastname@example.com Associate Prof, Department of ECE, AHCET, Hyderabad-08, A.P. , INDIA E-mail:-email@example.com Abstract highly dynamic topology resulted from the mobility of network nodes and the changing In this paper work, a routing protocol called RMP propagation conditions. These networks are used (route management protocol) is implemented to in emergency disaster rescue operation, tactical cope with misbehavior operation in AdHoc military communication and law enforcement.. network. It enables nodes to detect misbehavior by Mobile ad hoc networks are also a good first-hand observation and use the second-hand alternative in rural areas or third world countries information provided by other nodes. This RMP where basic communication infrastructure is not protocol can run on any routing protocol to cope well established with misbehavior. In this paper work, we have The lack of infrastructure and organizational tested for DSR routing protocol.( ie DSR with environment of mobile ad hoc networks offer RMP). The efficiency of communication routes is special opportunities to attackers. Misbehavior tested over the node power consumption and means deviation from normal routing and developed a mechanism to optimize the power forwarding behavior. Without appropriate consumption in routing scheme. countermeasures, the effects of misbehavior Keyword: route management protocol, adhoc dramatically decrease network performance. network, power optimization, network efficiency Depending on the proportion of misbehaving nodes and their specific strategies, network I. INTRODUCTION throughput can be severely degraded, packet loss, nodes can be denied service, and the Wireless networking grows rapidly because of network can be partitioned. These detrimental the human desires for mobility and for freedom effects of misbehavior can endanger the from limitation, i.e., from physical connections functioning of the entire network. Minimizing to communication networks. A particular kind of energy consumption is the important challenge in wireless network called mobile ad hoc networks mobile networking. Wireless network interface is is presently under development. A mobile ad hoc often a device's single largest power consumer. network is a self-organizing and rapidly Since the network interface may often be idle, deployable network in which neither a wired turning the radio off when not in use could save backbone nor a centralized control exists. The this power. In practice, however, this approach is network nodes communicate with one another not straightforward. A node must arrange to turn over scarce wireless channels in a multi-hop its radio on not just to send packets, but also to fashion. The ad hoc network is adaptable to the receive packets addressed to it and to participate 82 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 in any higher-level routing and control protocols. second step, i.e. adjusting the transmission The requirement of cooperation between power power. We call them as power on-off scheduling saving and routing protocols is particularly acute and transmit power-scheduling algorithms in the case of multi-hop ad hoc wireless respectively. networks, where nodes must forward packets for Objective of this work is to design a topology each other. management scheme for ad hoc wireless networks. A good power-saving topology II. POWER OPTIMIZED ROUTING management scheme for wireless ad hoc SCHEME networks should have the following The Topology Management in Ad hoc Wireless characteristics: Networks is deciding for every node: It should allow as many nodes as possible to turn 1.which node to turn on. their radio receivers off most of the time because 2.when they turn on. even an idle radio in receive mode can consume 3.At what transmit power. almost as much energy as an active transmitter. In power on-off scheduling topology The algorithm for picking this backbone should management schemes, few nodes, rich in power, be distributed, requiring each node to make a are selected as cluster heads and gateways. These local Division. cluster head nodes are selected distributive in such a way that each node in the ad hoc wireless III. PROPOSED TOPOLOGY MANAGEMENT network is either cluster head or connected (i.e., SCHEME in transmission range) to the cluster head and the In our topology management scheme, power gateway nodes are selected such that they (Mobile Agent with Routing Intelligence) nodes forward packets between cluster heads. Cluster are selected in such a way that power nodes have heads and gateways form the virtual backbone the maximum power level among their on hop for routing in ad hoc networks. Some proposed neighbors and all non-power nodes are within power on-off scheduling topology management the transmission range of power nodes. These schemes are Span (3) and TMPO (Topology power nodes have the routing intelligence i.e. Management by Priority Ordering) (4). In span, they make all decisions related to routing. The some special coordinator node are selected gateway nodes having sufficient power level are distributive in such a way that two of the selected so that they can forward packets coordinators neighbors can not reach each other between power nodes. A gateway node does not either directly or via one or two coordinators. have routing intelligence. These power and This selection rule ensures the connectivity in ad gateway nodes stay continuously awake to route hoc network. Span runs over 802.11 ad hoc the packets of other member nodes. The member power saving mode, which has high broadcast nodes wake up a number of times in a beacon overhead. While TMPO assigns willingness period T, and if they do not have to transmit or value to each node, based on the energy level receive data, they go to sleep mode again. The and speed of the node. A node with high wake up time for each node is calculated from a willingness value is selected as cluster head with pseudo-random number, such that power node high probability. and neighbor nodes know the wake up of that Few power scheduling topology management node time. schemes are CBTM (Cone based Distributed Thus the member node can remain in power Topology Management) and K-Neigh Protocol saving sleep mode most of the time, if it is not for symmetric topology control (6). In CBTM, actively sending or receiving packets. The each node tries to find the minimum transmitting packets are routed over the virtual backbone power p such that transmitting with p ensures consisting of power nodes and gateways. The that in every cone of degree around each node, routes are found with the help of mobile agents. there is at least one neighbor node. Whereas in The topology management scheme runs above the the K-Neigh Protocol, each node adjusts its MAC layer and interacts with the routing transmission power, such that it has k or slightly protocol. If a node has been asleep for a while, less than k one-hop neighbors, So that network packets destined for it are not lost but are buffered connectivity is maintained under the conditions at a neighboring power node. When the node of mobility. Most of the algorithms proposed for awakens, it can retrieve these packets from the Topology Management follow either first two buffering power node. This topology management steps or third step, i.e., switching between active schemes makes the routing simple, as only those (transmit, receive or idle) and sleep mode or the entries in a node's routing table that correspond to 83 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 currently active power nodes can be used as valid which it has received the HAI packet earlier. If next-hops (unless the next hop is the destination an undecided node has more power than power itself). node then it declares it self as power in the next Definition 1 Power nodes are the nodes such that HAI packet. all non-power nodes are connected to (i.e., in transmission range of) power nodes and route b) POWER NODE WITHDRAWAL packet for all other nodes with the help of mobile Power node will drain its energy more rapidly, as agents. compared to member nodes. Before the power Definition 2 Sleep Cycle period is the time node loses its major part of its power, period during which member nodes remain in the responsibility of power node should be power efficient sleep mode and wake up once for transferred to other node with sufficient power fixed time duration T. level. Also power nodes should not be changed We assume that each node periodically frequently which will increase the overhead. broadcasts HAI messages that contains: Node's id, Its status (i.e., whether the node is a power node, gateway, member, undecided), Its current power level, Its current power node, A wakeup counter wi, Information about each neighbor i.e. Neighbor's id, Its status, Its power node. Based on the HAI messages received from Fig 1 nodes distributed in an network neighbors, each node constructs a list of its neighbors, their power nodes, power level, c) GATE WAY SELECTION wakeup counter and information about their As the maximum number of hops neighbors. between any two close power nodes is two, A node switches state from time to time between gateways are required forward packets between being a power node and being a member. A node power nodes. Also as gateways need to receive becomes a gateway, if its power node chooses it and transmit routing packets to and from power as a gateway to route the packets between power nodes, they should have sufficient amount of nodes. It switches its state to undecided, if it power. looses contact with its power node due to Power nodes periodically send broadcast request mobility. A node includes its current state in its packet STAY-AWAKE to its members for HAI messages. The following sections describe synchronization among members. Then it selects that it should withdraw from being a power a node as gateway, which has maximum power node, and how a power node selects its and maximum power nodes as its neighbors. If gateways. any power nodes with in two hops have already declared their gateways, then there is no need to a) POWER MANAGEMENT select gate way again. Power level of the Power nodes along with gateways form the gateway is periodically checked by power and if virtual backbone, which is used for routing this it has less power than threshold, then power demands for additional power for transmission, starts new gateway selection. reception and processing of routing packets. Thus these power nodes should be selected in d) SLEEP CYCLE SCHEDULING: such a way that they have enough power level We propose some additional power The nodes in a the network periodically check saving features to 802.11 CSMA/CA to make the among its one hop neighbors for maximum MAC layer power efficient by using randomized power and declare themselves a node as power if wake up time for member nodes in ad hoc it has maximum power. Power nodes select the network. Power nodes and gateways neighboring nodes as its members and maintain continuously stay awake to forward packets of the list about its members. If more than one other nodes. Member nodes wake up a number of neighbors of an undecided node become power times in a beacon period T (see figure) and if then undecided node selects its power node from they do not have to transmit or receive data, they 84 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 go to sleep again. There are number of sleep REPLY messages can be triggered by ROUTE cycle periods (T1, T2), (T2, T3)…(Tn, T) in a REQUEST messages or gratuitous. After beacon period. Member nodes wake up once in a receiving one or several routes, the source picks sleep cycle. All nodes stays awake during period the best (by default the shortest), stores it, and (0,T1) called as broadcast window to exchange sends messages along that path. In general, the HAI packets. Each node synchronizes their clock better the route metrics (number of hops, delay, by using time stamp of HAI message from power bandwidth or other criteria) and the sooner the node. Each member node determines its wake up REPLY arrived at the source (indication of a time from its node id and a wakeup counter wi short path - the nodes are required to wait a time corresponding to the length of the route they can advertise before sending it in order to avoid a storm of replies), the higher preference is given to the route and the longer it will stay in the cache. In case of a link failure, the node that cannot forward the packet to the next node sends an error message toward the source. Routes that contain a failed link, can be 'salvaged' by taking an alternate partial route that does not contain the bad link. Fig 2 beacon period a) PASSIVE ACKNOWLEDGMENT (DSR) e) LOAD DISTRIBUTION Instead of waiting for an explicit One part of ad hoc network may be acknowledgment for each packet by the next-hop congested and other part of network may have node on the route, a node assumes the correct free resources. This will increase the packet reception of the packet when it overhears the delivery latency. Throughput and packet delivery next-hop node forwarding the packet this is ratio also will be badly affected. To distribute the called passive acknowledgment In this, the load evenly in the network, we have devised a simple passive acknowledgment is used not only congestion metric, which is used for route for an indication of correct reception at the next selection as described above. This congestion hop, but also to detect if nodes fail to forward metric is based on the amount of time power packets. node sees free channel for the past T seconds. The developed power optimization scheme is b) MISBEHAVIOR CLASSIFICATION BY then incorporated with a routing scheme for the DSR reduction of non-cooperative nodes so as to DSR classify attacks on them as dropping, minimize the power consumption happing at modification, fabrication, or timing attacks. The each node. The approach of discovering and previous hop can detect dropping by use of reduction of misbehaving nodes are as outlined passive acknowledgment and this is detected as below. misbehavior and takes an alternate partial path to reach to the destination. IV. ROUTING PROTOCOL V. RMP PROTOCOL Dynamic Source Routing is a protocol developed for routing in mobile ad-hoc networks. Nodes a) RMP Protocol Components send out a ROUTE REQUEST message, all We present here the RMP components we nodes that receive this message forward it to designed for coping with routing and forwarding their neighbors and put themselves into the misbehavior in mobile ad-hoc networks running source route unless they have received the same DSR Fig 3 shows the protocol components. request before. If a receiving node is the destination, or has a route to the destination, it does not forward the request, but sends a REPLY message containing the full source route. It may send that reply along the source router in reverse order or issue a ROUTE REQUEST including the route to get back to the source, if the former is not possible due to asymmetric links ROUTE 85 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 informed decisions about which node to use for their paths. d) TRUST MANAGER The task of the trust manager is to decide when to trust second-hand information and to administer the trust given to other nodes. The goal is to minimize the risk of spurious ratings Fig 3: RMP protocol components while still making use of second-hand information received from others. The trust b) MONITOR rating represents node i's opinion about how The goal of the monitor is to gather first-hand honest node j is as an actor in the reputation information about the behavior of nodes in the system (i.e. whether the reported first hand network. This is achieved by observing and information summaries published by node j are classifying node behavior as normal or likely to be true). We represent the trust ratings misbehaving. The monitor can detect as data structure Ti,j misbehavior that can be distinguished from normal behavior by observation. We call the e) PATH MANAGER information gained by direct experience by node Once a node i classifies another node j as i about node j first hand information (Fi,j) and misbehaving, i isolates j from communications use it as an input to the reputation system by not using for routing and forwarding and by component of RMP. not allowing j to use i .This isolation has three purposes. The first is to reduce the effect of c) REPUTATION SYSTEM misbehavior by depriving the misbehaving node Reputation systems are used for example in of the opportunity to participate in the network. some online auctioning systems. The main idea The second purpose is to serve as an incentive to behind the use of reputation systems is two fold behave well in order not to be denied service. first; it is used to serve as an incentive for good Finally, the third purpose is to obtain better behavior to avoid the negative consequences that service by not using misbehaving nodes on the a bad reputation can entail. Second, it provides a path. The path manager performs the following basis for the choice of prospective transaction functions: Path re-ranking according to security partners. The most relevant properties of a metric (e.g. reputation of the nodes in the path), reputation system are the representation of deletion of paths containing misbehaving nodes, reputation, how the reputation is built and action on receiving a request for a route from a updated, and for the latter, how the ratings of misbehaving node (e.g. ignore, do not send any others, i.e. second-hand information, are reply), and action on receiving request for a route considered and integrated. The reputation of a containing a misbehaving node in the source given node is the collection of ratings maintained route (e.g. ignore, alert the source). The path by others about this node. In our approach the manager thus controls the topology as seen by an reputation system is fully distributed, and a node individual node. Misbehaving nodes are not used i maintains ratings about every other node j that for routing and forwarding and the path manager is cares about. The reputation rating represents refuses to be used by them. the opinion formed by node i about node j's behavior as an actor in the base system, i.e. V. RESULTS whether node j correctly participates in the routing protocol and forwarding. We represent 1) Fig 4 shows a dynamic ad hoc network with the reputation ratings that node i has about node j 20 nodes and 8 misbehaving nodes distributed as data structure Ri,j randomly. The use of second-hand information enables nodes to find out about misbehaving nodes before making a bad experience. Also, in mobile ad-hoc networks, nodes might not meet every node that they need for multi-hop forwarding, but with second-hand information they can make 86 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 Fig 6.DSR delay plot with no of misbehaving nodes 4) Fig 7 shows that our approach of using second hand information not only speeds up the detection of misbehaving nodes but also reduces delay to reach the destination i.e. as the no of misbehaving nodes goes on increasing delay reduces than compared to original DSR. Fig 4: Ad hoc network with 20 nodes and 8 misbehaving nodes. Delay 2) The Fig 5 shows the performance of DSR with RMP protocol for the above randomly distributed network we have chosen 7 as source node and 15 as destination node. Misbehaving nodes are indicated by round circles .The black dotted line shows the optimum path that has been selected to reach the destination. The Fig clearly shows that RMP protocol is able to cope with misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks thus No of misbehaving nodes making network function for normal nodes Fig 7 DSR with RMP delay plot with no of when other nodes don't route and forward misbehaving nodes correctly. The protocol is integrated with modified Bayesian approach to decide whether 5) Fig 8 shows the throughput comparison node is misbehaving or not between original DSR and DSR with RMP. The Fig shows that as the number of misbehaving nodes increases throughput decreases in case of original DSR where as DSR with RMP will maintain the constant throughput. RMP can keep the network throughput constant up to 80% misbehaving nodes. Throughput Fig 5: DSR with RMP performance for the randomly distributed network. 3) Fig 6 shows DSR delay plot to reach the destination .As the no of misbehaving nodes goes on increasing the delay to reach the destination increases. Delay No of misbehaving nodes Fig 8:Throughput comparison between DSR and DSR with RMP We have used the energy consumption model of [8], which is obtained from measurements on the Cabletron Roam about 802.11 DS High Rate network interface card (NIC) operating at 2 Mbps. Power consumption in various modes No of misbehaving nodes such as Tx (transmit), Rx (receive), Idle and sleeping. 87 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 Table 1: Power consumption in various modes Tx Rx Idle Sleeping 1400mW 1000mW 830mW 130mW The measure the effectiveness of the Topology Management scheme, we simulated, with on demand routing, several static and mobile topologies. Simulation results show that the scheme performs well by low packet delivery latency and high percentage of packet delivery. It outperforms flat topology network (network Figure 10: Average delay for CBR traffic without using topology management) in average power consumption per node and network lifetime. c) Overhead messages per node Figure 11 shows the comparison of overhead a) Fraction of nodes in forwarding backbone messages of topology management scheme and Figure 9 shows the fraction of nodes that are routing as the number of nodes increase. Number part of virtual forwarding backbone (i.e. RIMA of overhead messages per node per second and gateway nodes) as node density increases. decrease as number of nodes increase. Also it It can be observed that as node density increases, can been seen that overhead messages per node fraction of forwarding nodes goes on decreasing. per second with Topology Management scheme Thus more number of nodes are member nodes, is less as compared with flat topology. which are in power efficient sleep state most of the time. Fig 11 Overhead messages per node per second Figure 9 Fraction of nodes that are part of virtual forwarding backbone (RIMA and d) Power consumption gateway nodes ) as node density increases Figure 12 shows the average power consumption, as node density increases. It can be noticed that b) Delay performance as node density increases, average power Figure 10 shows average delay as the number consumption per node is much less in Topology of sleep cycles in a beacon periods are increased. Management scheme, as compared to flat As can be seen, delay goes on decreasing as Topology network. For more node density, there number of sleep cycles per beacon period is are less number of RIMA and gateway nodes, increased. This is because, to deliver packet at which are awake all the time and large number of the last hop, RIMA node has to wait for less member nodes are in power efficient mode, most amount of time, if number of sleep cycle per of the time. beacon period is more. It can also be seen that with load distribution delay has been reduced. For more number of sleep cycle per beacon period, average delay drops. 88 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2010 [1].A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: by Mehran Abolhasan, Tadeusz wysocki,Eryk Dutkiewicz 2003. [2] .MarcoCarbone, Mogens Nielsen, and Vladimiro Sassone. A formal model for trust in dynamic networks. BRICS Report RS- 03-4, 2003. [3]. Dave B. Johnson and David A. Maltz. The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Internet Draft, Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)Working Group, IETF, Fig 12 average power consumption as node densiy October 1999. increses [4] Sonja Buchegger and Jean-Yves Le Boudec. Performance Analysis of the CONFIDANT e) Node lifetime Protocol: Cooperation Of Nodes—Fairness In Figure 13 shows fraction of nodes remaining in the Dynamic Adhoc NeTworks. In Proceedings of network as a function of simulation time. IEEE/ACM Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc If the energy of a node falls below 50 J, the node is Networking and Computing (MobiHOC), Marked as dead. Figure 13 shows that Topology Lausanne, CH, June 2002. IEEE. Management scheme increases the lifetime of [5] Sonja Buchegger and Jean-Yves Le Boudec. node more than factor of two. A robust reputation system for mobile ad-hoc networks. EPFL Technical Report No. IC/2003/50, July 2003. [6] Levente Butty´an and Jean-Pierre Hubaux. Enforcing service availability in mobile ad-hoc wans. In Proceedings of IEEE/ACM Workshop on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHOC), Boston, MA, USA, August 2000. [7] Levente Butty´an and Jean-Pierre Hubaux. Stimulating cooperation in selforganizing mobile ad hoc networks. Technical Report DSC/2001/046, EPFL-DI-ICA, August 2001. Fig 13 Node lifetime [8] Chrysanthos Dellarocas. Immunizing online reputation reporting systems against unfair VI. CONCLUSION ratings and discriminatory behavior. In the proposed RMP protocol enable the system to Proceedings of the ACM Conference on operate despite the presence of misbehavior and Electronic Commerce, pages 150–157, 2000. keeps the network functional for normal nodes [9] John R. Douceur. The sybil attack. In Proc. when other nodes don't route and forward of the IPTPS02 Workshop, Cambridge, MA correctly and the protocol is integrated with (USA), March 2002. modified Bayesian approach to decide whether [10] Yih-Chun Hu, David B. Johnson, and node is misbehaving or not. We conclude that Adrian Perrig. SEAD: secure efficient distance s DSR with RMP can give better performance than (WMCSA 2002), IEEE, Calicoon, NY, to original DSR to cope with misbehavior and the appear., June 2002. of second hand information speeds up the [11] Yih-Chun Hu, Adrian Perrig, and David B. detection of misbehaving nodes. a proposed Johnson. Ariadne: A secure on-demand routing power management scheme, which may be [15] Sergio Marti, T.J. Giuli, Kevin Lai, and expected to exhibit energy saving performance, Mary Baker. Mitigating routing misbehavior in which is at least comparable to the best- mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of published results, as well as some advantage in MOBICOM 2000, pages 255–265, 2000. simplicity and extensibility is suggested. [16] Pietro Michiardi and Refik Molva. CORE: A collaborative reputation mechanism to enforce node cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks. Sixth IFIP conference on security REFERENCES communications, and multimedia (CMS 2002), Portoroz, Slovenia., 2002. 89 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500
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Horror films
FNC 2014 Review: Lost Soul: The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. MoreauDavid Gregory, centre, director of Lost Soul:The Doomed Journey of Richard Stanley's Island of Dr. Moreau, answers a question after a screening of the film at the the Festival du nouveau cinema, Sunday, Oct.
Fantasia 2014: Remember – Thursday is an extra, bonus day at The Fantasia Film FestivalThe printed schedule for the Fantasia International Film Festival ended with Wednesday's films, but programmers have added one more day to the festival. It's like a parting gift! .
Fantasia 2014: The Creep Behind the Camera was scarier than the carpet monster from outer spaceThe Creeping Terror is a sci-fi horror film that was released in 1964. The plot is basically "man-eating-carpet-from-outer space (with multiple eyestalks) devours an entire high-school graduating class,"
Fantasia 2014: Venezuela's first horror movie – House at the End of TimeI have had several vacations in Venezuela – that was reason enough for me to watch House at the End of Time (La casa del fin de los tiempos)– but it turned out to be clever and different.
American Cannibals: We Are What We Are, the U.S. remake of Mexican film Somos Lo Que Hay, will screen at Sundance Film FestivalThe Mexican horror film Somos Lo Que Hay, directed by Jorge Michel Grau, has been remade as We Are What We Are, by Jim Mickle of the U.S. I don't know why the original film didn't get more promotion, but I'll save that topic for another day.

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Archive List
There's Plenty to Talk About
Like No Other Park in the System (I Hope)
Candlelight Vigil Planned for Harpers Ferry
Going Above and Beyond; Stewardship in the National Parks
Glacier NP Is Open For Business
Mammoth Cave Offering Free Tour on August 25
Vice President Cheney To Dedicate Grand Teton Visitor Center
Are Yellowstone's Geysers At Risk From BLM's Leasing Proposals?
How Much is that Campsite--Update
As a follow-up to my post a month ago about Yosemite campsites winding up on Ebay, I've discovered that the folks in Sequoia don't allow the sale or transfer of backcountry permits.
Russian Provides Perspective at Minuteman Missile Park
Search For Missing 80-year-old Yosemite Hiker Unfruitfull
It's been a week since an 80-year-old hiker vanished in Yosemite's backcountry, and officials are scaling back the search for her. While they're not giving up entirely, search officials say they have to weigh the risks searchers are being exposed to against the likelihood of finding Ottorina Bonaventura.
Must We Clearly Set Out "Principles of Parks"?
Mount Rainier's Wonderland Trail Ready for Hikers
Mountain Lion Kittens Collared in Grand Canyon
S&R Blotter
Search and rescue season is heating up in the parks, with rangers having to respond to a visitor who fell off the North Rim of the Grand Canyon and one lost in Yosemite.


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My wife died years ago. My sister in- law is divorced. She is my wifes twin. she wants to date me. It that wrong?
Ridingwestonahog 46-50, M 8 Answers 1 Nov 3, 2012
Dude, you basically went to the future and are able to get the exact replica of what you lost. What did you do? Sell you soul to the devil...
Best Answer
Only if you think it is.
Best Answer
Not at all, in fact this shud turn out better for you both as you and her know each other, have a strong connection { your late wife }, you shud go for it
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I've ****** one sister-in-law and got a double ******* from my wife and the other one.
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Not at all.
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I don't think it is wrong. So go for it
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no that is not wrong and not surpising either.... assuming you're attracted to her, enjoy....
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Last night I musterbate on my wife's married younger sister while talking to her on phone. is it wrong? I got maximum.Last nght i had a very good ************ session. my wife went to see her mother with children, left me alone at home. I had many photos of my sister in law (wife's sister) one of...mikedell 41-45, M 3 Answers 1 May 14, 2012
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Hagerman Man Rescued from South Dakota Lake
BROOKINGS, S.D. (AP) — An Idaho man who was fishing in an eastern South Dakota lake had to be rescued after a float tube accident.
BROOKINGS, S.D. (AP) — An Idaho man who was fishing in an eastern South Dakota lake had to be rescued after a float tube accident.
2015 Country Jam is right around the corner, and now fans have even more reasons to attend. The festival has just announced a Campground Party on the night before the event's official kickoff.
Hailey, Idaho ( KMVT-TV / KSVT-TV ) - A Blaine county woman was arrested yesterday after police responded to a report of a vehicle colliding into a house.
Hunter Hayes may be introducing a more carefree time in his life with "21," the first single from an upcoming third studio album. Lyrically, he doesn't go as deep as some of the songs from Storyline. The concept and sound are easy to embrace.
We all have our favorite out of town restaurants. Most of us pick out where we are going to eat before we even pack our bags. But would you take a trip just to eat at a certain place?
There were no scheduled guests on the final episode of The Late Show With David Letterman (minus The Foo Fighters, who closed out the night with a performance of "Everlong"), but that didn't mean that a few of Letterman's old friends didn't stop by to say goodbye one last time. Some of the funniest people alive all came together to present one final Top Ten list, Things I've Always Wanted to Say To Dave.
You don't have to wait until later tonight to begin saying goodbye to David Letterman (though if you're like us, you've already started that process) — you can do it right now. The venerable, longtime Late Show host is ending his 33-year run with tonight's episode, which promises to be a fantastic, hilarious and appropriately heartwarming sendoff. But before we get to that, you can watch Letterman's final Late Show entrance right now.
As the old nursery rhyme goes, you have nothing to fear from oddly flavored beer. Well, you might have a little to fear, depending on how adventurous you and your taste buds happen to be.
Randy Houser – the big voice behind the outlaw love story "We Went" — has been going around the country surprising U.S. military veterans with gifts of appreciation lately. On May 14, he did it again, helping to keep one family fed for a whole year!
This woman is hip at an age when most people are, well, broken hip.


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Ooltewah Travel Guide
Photos from OoltewahPictures of Ooltewah (3)
Hotel Deals in Ooltewah
Hotels in OoltewahOoltewah Accommodations (3)
Hampton Inn Chattanooga-North/Ooltewah
No.169 Gexin Street, Nan'gang District, Harbin, China
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Chattanooga-Ooltewah
6274 Artesian Circle, Ooltewah, United States
Super 8 Ooltewah/Chattanooga
8934 Lee Highway, Ooltewah, United States
Travel Blogs from OoltewahOoltewah Travel Blogs (1)
Pit Stop: The Waffle House
I'm about five miles in, and extremely hungry, mainly because the cafe is closed and I wasn't able to eat, so its Waffle House time. If you have ever been to the South at some point you can better understand the Waffle franchise. Their ...
Attractions in OoltewahOoltewah Attractions (1)
The Honors Course
9603 Lee Highway, Ooltewah, Tennessee, United States


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MUMBAI: Standard gold zoomed by Rs. 65 to Rs. 8,770 (10 grams) and silver (.999 fineness) by Rs. 790 to Rs. 19,335 a kg, respectively, on the bullion market here on Tuesday owing to firm global advices. According to market participants, operators were busy in building up long positions ahead of a possible launch of a silver exchange-traded fund (ETF) that would be traded on the American Stock Exchange.
More In: BUSINESS | Today's Paper


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The West Haven soccer team scored two second half goals to beat Notre Dame WH 2-1 on Wednesday night October 6, 2010. Please enjoy the replay. You can visit our store to order a DVD or download an MP4 movie file of the game to your computer.
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Marshall Terrill is one of the world�s foremost Steve McQueen experts, having written three books on the actor with a fourth in the works. Yet, he doesn�t have an obvious connection to the motorcycle-loving rebel movie star of the 1960s and �70s.
McQueen grew up in the farming community of Slater, 42 miles north of Sedalia; Terrill is from Arizona. McQueen communicated through iconic movie roles; Terrill communicates through meticulously researched biographies. McQueen worked hard on his movies out of a desire to be financially secure; Terrill worked hard on his first book out of anger over his divorce.
McQueen never knew his father; Terrill grew up watching McQueen movies like �The Thomas Crown Affair,� �Bullitt� and �The Towering Inferno� with his dad.
�People all over the world tell me the same thing � they had that bonding experience with their dad, watching McQueen movies,� Terrill said in a recent phone interview. �McQueen transcends generations, like the Beatles.�
On Saturday, Slater will host its fourth annual Steve McQueen Day. For a panel discussion at 9:30 a.m. at City Hall, Terrill will share the stage with Pat Johnson, McQueen�s martial arts instructor; Chris Noel, his co-star in �Soldier in the Rain�; and Sharon Farrell, his co-star in �The Rievers.�
Terrill, a founder of McQueen Day, will also push the recently released �Steve McQueen: A Tribute to the King of Cool,� which features photos from McQueen�s life.
Every time Terrill sees an actor who tries to emulate McQueen � Kevin Costner, Mickey Rourke, Russell Crowe, Daniel Craig � they always come up short in his eyes.
�McQueen created that template for the outsider who comes into a situation with his own set of rules, who is always drawn into the action rather than creating it, the reluctant hero,� said Terrill, a former reporter who now works in public relations for Arizona State University.
�There was something likable about him. The big theme in a lot of his movies is escape � �The Great Escape,� �Papillon,� �The Outsider.� He was the guy who could get it done.�
Terrill�s first book, �Steve McQueen: Portrait of an American Rebel,� came out in 1993, 13 years after McQueen�s death at age 50 from cancer. Terrill couldn�t find a job after graduating from college, so he opted to write a biography. He knew paradoxes made subjects compelling, and McQueen, who spent his formative years on his great uncle�s farm just outside Slater, was the definition of a paradox.
�He could be absolutely nice to one person, and nasty to the next person,� Terrill said. �He never gave a set answer. You could never predict what he was going to do. To me, that makes him absolutely fascinating. He was nice to the common man, but studio executives got his wrath.�
If someone were to write a biography of Terrill, the paradox would be �that I�m a pretty laid-back, low-key guy, but I like all these ratty characters � McQueen, Elvis Presley, Pistol Pete Maravich. They all blazed their own path. I�m too scared to do anything like that.�
When Terrill did the research and interviews for �Portrait of an American Rebel,� he was driven by anger.
�My wife left me, and anger fueled my writing,� Terrill said. �Then I realized I really enjoy this. I went out to Hollywood, I met actors, and I couldn�t believe they were inviting me into their house and talking to me.�
It�s possible that no one knows McQueen better than Terrill. And yet, the biographer never met the actor.
�I�m kind of glad I didn�t, because now I can have that objectivity,� said Terrill. �I just do like a reporter does. I write the narrative. But I allow key people to give the insight.�
If you go
What: Steve McQueen Day
When: 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. Saturday
Where: Slater, 42 miles north of Sedalia
Saturday�s Steve McQueen Day schedule of events
9 a.m. � Car Show/Bike Show registration at Main and Maple streets
9:30 a.m. � Special Guest Panel at Slater City Hall on Main Street, with Pat Johnson, Chris Noel (actress, co-star of �Soldier In The Rain�), Sharon Farrell (actress, co-star of �The Rievers�), Marshall Terrill and Dan Viets
10 a.m. to 3 p.m. � School House open
11 a.m. to 1 p.m. � �Steve McQueen: A Tribute to the King of Cool� debuting by Marshall Terrill at Slater Main Street News, Chris Noel and Sharon Farrell photo signing, free birthday cake
11 a.m. to 4 p.m. � Wine tasting at The Grape Vine Restaurant, featuring Missouri wines
Noon � Beer Garden open at Doc�s, Bike Rodeo registration on Main Street
12:30 p.m. � Bike Rodeo starts
1:30 p.m. � Steve McQueen Memorial Highway Dedication at Veterans Park, Brick Dedications with Chris Noel at Veterans Park, Bike Raffle Drawing with Sharon Farrell at Veterans Park
2 p.m. � �Steve McQueen: A Tribute to the King of Cool� by Marshall Terrill Book Signing at Slater Main Street News
2:30 p.m. � Movie �The Rievers� starring Sharon Farrell at City Hall
2:45 p.m. � Car/Bike Awards at Main and Maple streets
3:15 p.m. � Car/Bike Parade, Steve McQueen Memorial Parade Line-up on Main and Front streets
5 p.m. � Movie �Soldier in the Rain� starring Chris Noel at City Hall


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Archived Story
Family meets with 14-year-old murder suspectPublished 8:57am Monday, March 15, 2010
By JESSICA SIEFF
Niles Daily Star
The family of Dakotah Eliason were at last able to reunite with him Sunday, a week from the day the 14-year-old was arrested for allegedly killing his grandfather, his attorney Lanny Fisher confirmed Sunday afternoon.
"The family, father (Steven Eliason), stepmother and biological mother (Mary Apfel) went and was able to visit with him from 3:30 to 5 p.m.," Fisher said, adding that they told Eliason they were behind him as he faces charges of open murder.
"They said it went really well," Fisher said.
Eliason appeared Friday in court during a pre-exam conference before Judge Scott Schofield.
It was the first time his parents were able to see him, though they did not interact and Eliason was only present for a few brief moments.
Later that day, news was released that he was under observation – officials worried he might be a danger to himself.
Fisher said such measures are "standard at this point" and said regular welfare checks were still being administered in Eliason's case and staff were well aware of the delicacy of the situation.
"What they know s they have a kid accused of this crime," Fisher said. "They're watching that he doesn't hurt himself."
Eliason is being charged as an adult with open murder for allegedly picking up his grandfather's gun in the early morning hours of Sunday, March 7 and shooting Miles as he slept on the couch in his home on Niles-Buchanan Road in Niles Township.
Fisher said as of yet, no date could be given as to when a forensic psychological evaluation might take place but said such a measure would first have to be authorized by the presiding judge.
Since the shooting, Fisher said he and the family have had a chance to review two tapes regarding Eliason's arrest.
"I can tell you there is a tape from the police camera (inside the police car) that's about 90 minutes long," Fisher said. That tape takes place during the time Eliason was seated in the back seat of the police cruiser and law enforcement officers were "clearing the scene."
The other tape is a "one hour long interview at the police station."
That tape covers questioning by Det. Fabian Suarez of the Michigan State Police of Eliason both with his father present and later, one-on-one.
Both tapes will likely be heard during Eliason's preliminary exam scheduled for next week. Fisher said he met with the family over the weekend to discuss the contents of those tapes.
Even after seeing them, "they have some questions," Fisher said of the family.
This week, he plans to visit with his client prior to the preliminary exam.
"My immediate concern is for his well-being," he said, "and that he understands the process."


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A Celebration of Charleston at Carnegie Hall
843-763-4941 www.carnegiehall.org Ages: All Ages $50
This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.
After eight years sharing the excitement and splendor of chamber music in the ante-bellum historic homes and notable theaters of the Lowcountry, Chamber Music Charleston (CMC) will make its Carnegie Hall Debut at Weill Recital Hall on Wednesday, May 22.
CMC's core musicians and guest pianist Andrew Armstrong will present music of Mozart, Brahms and Gershwin. The program also includes the world premier of Charleston Episodes composed by Terry Vosbein specifically for CMC and this event.
Venue Description: One of the most famous performance spaces in the world, and where the biggest orchestras in the world play when they come to New York City. They also offer neighborhood concerts throughout the year, tours of the historic halls, music programming, festivals, and more.
Articles About Carnegie Hall
- Kelli O'Hara & Matthew Morrison to Join New York Pops for Holiday Concert
- The Best Live Music and Concert Venues in New York City
- NYC Transportation: Getting Around New York City
- 2014 New York Comedy Festival
- New York Theatre Ballet Announces New Home at St. Mark's in-the-Bowery
- St. Joseph's Day (March 19) at Patsy's Italian Restaurant
- New Edition of iLuminate to Open Off Broadway on January 27


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Howells, Gareth and Fairhurst, Michael and Bisset, D.L. (1994) BCN - an Architecture for Weightless Ram-Base Neural Networks. In: 1994 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 94) - 1st IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Orlando, Fl. (The full text of this publication is not currently available from this repository. You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided)
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Cubs pick Quade as new manager
CHICAGO The Chicago Cubs will keep Mike Quade as their manager, choosing to go with the man who ran the team well for the last six weeks of last season rather than a higher-profile name like Hall of Famer and franchise icon Ryne Sandberg.
Quade (pronounced KWAH-dee), the team's third base coach the past four years, was given a two-year contract Tuesday along with a club option for 2013. He served as interim manager after Lou Piniella abruptly stepped down in late August, leading the team to a 24-13 record.
"This is obviously a great day," Quade said.
The job will be his first as a major league manager.
The hire is the first under new owner Tom Ricketts, who watched the Cubs finish out of the playoffs yet again. Chicago's infamous World Series championship drought now stands at 102 years.
"We believe that Mike can coach, manage and win for the Chicago Cubs," Ricketts said.
The Cubs finished the season at 75-87, in next-to-last place in the NL Central and a far cry from what a team with a payroll of about $145 million to start the season had expected.
Saying he needed to be with his ailing mother back in Florida, Piniella stepped down Aug. 22 after the Cubs went into a 5-20 skid that left them at 51-74. He was in the final year of his deal and had put together three straight winning seasons, but could not get the Cubs out of their funk.
There was speculation that general manager Jim Hendry might hire Sandberg, the manager at Triple-A Iowa, or a former major league manager like Eric Wedge or Bob Melvin. The Cubs were also reportedly interested in the New York Yankees' Joe Girardi.
Hendry called Sandberg was "a great candidate," but said: "At the end of the day, I felt Mike Quade was the best manager for the Chicago Cubs."
Sandberg told the Chicago Tribune he was "disappointed" and will continue to pursue other managing jobs. Asked if he would return to Iowa, he told the newspaper: "I don't know. I'm hoping there's something else out there. I'm hoping to manage or coach at the big-league level."
The 53-year-old Quade managed more than 2,300 minor league games in the Montreal, Philadelphia, Oakland and Cubs farm systems before arriving in Chicago.
The Chicago-area native was originally selected by the Pirates in the 22nd round of the 1979 draft out of the University of New Orleans and spent four seasons as an outfielder in Pittsburgh's minor league system before entering the coaching ranks.
He received his first managerial position in 1985, with Class A Macon. He was promoted to Piniella's staff after a running the Iowa Cubs from 2003-06, a stint that included two first-place finishes in his four seasons.
He finally got his chance to manage a big league team after Piniella retired, when the Cubs decided to go with Quade over Sandberg and bench coach Alan Trammell. The audition went well.
Players responded to Quade, and over the final 37 games, only the Philadelphia Phillies posted a better record.


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Defence Minister A.K.Antony said on Tuesday that the threat from militant camps in Pakistan was continuing. He was talking to the media here after attending a function at the Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences.
Mr. Antony said the threat to India from Pakistan militants was a reality."Dozens of Pakistani extremist camps were active in Pakistan territory. Despite India'srepeated demands in the aftermath of the miserable Bombay incident (last Novembers attack) of there had been no effective measures to remove these camps. So far as these camps exist in Pakistan soil, the threat to India will persist. It is a reality," he said.
Earlier, the Minister handed over three national accreditation certificates pertaining to quality of laboratory examination and treatment at the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences.
Keywords: defence minister, antony, militants, infiltration


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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'embroidery' tag.
I am having a very, very lovely week so far. I have been sent on a writing retreat by work to finish part of my doctorate at a most gorgeous place, the Gladstone's Library in the pretty village of Hawarden in North Wales.
There are lots of books – this morning I was working in this amazing place.
And also not one but two castles just down the road (pictures in a minute) and a beautiful church with stained glass to die for.
The food is amazing and I am having a lovely time getting to know some of the new colleagues that have joined us at the University recently – there may be visits to the pub and wine involved in that bit :-)
I am feeling very relaxed and happy and making great progress with the writing (which is the whole point of being here!)
The library was set up by William Gladstone who was Prime Minister four times in the Victorian era and whose family home is this modern castle, sadly not open to the public.
It reminds me a lot of Boddelwyddan Castle just along from here where we have been lucky enough to do a couple of events. It is quite possibly by the same architect.
But I did get to go for a walk in the parkland surrounding the old medieval castle which was very lovely, on a mild Spring day with lots of these gorgeous flowers everywhere – well we are in Wales!
I went for a little walk in the village as well past the old House of Correction and a lovely fountain.
The church, St Deniols, was very nice with an extensive old graveyard with some sad tales to be told from the gravestones of war and childhood death. And an amazing surprise inside, stained glass windows by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris.
I am seriously considering staying (not least because Ofsted are due at any minute!) but may have to go home soon so I can still fit in my jeans as there is lovely breakfast, lunch and tea plus morning coffee and afternoon, both of which may include cake – only to be polite of course.
In one of the corridors is a stitched piece by the local WI celebrating the village's history.
However I do have Ellie's velvet dress to alter for the start of the season at the end of April and a couple of other things to make so it will be (reluctantly) back to normality on Thursday.
Meanwhile I shall enjoy!
Hope you are all having a lovely week and thanks for visiting.
The Paso Blanco Museum was in an old chapel which had recently been refurbished. So not only was it the most wonderful collection of robes, cloaks and head dresses but the setting was amazing as well.
These were the first robes we looked at, the head dresses have eyeholes in them and the 3D work on the robes was stunning.
This is a close up of the wonderful Roman general's cloak in the centre of the museum.
Many of the cloaks were pictorial as in the other museums and these had stunning scenes from the bible, the ones below were two of my favourite.
The detail of the people on this one must have taken hours of stitching.
And then there was the chapel to visit, just a little bit of gold in there!
If you feel like seeing any more goldwork I have done another slideshow for you. So much inspiration will keep me going for a long time!
|Picture slideshow customized with Smilebox
Hope that you have all enjoyed the goldwork and have a good week ahead, thanks for visiting.
We visited the Paso Encardo (Crimson) Museum first, no pictures from this one but we did get to meet the embroiderers working in an upstairs room and in my very poor Spanish I was talking to them about what I had made as well and they were explaining their methods.
It was interesting to see the work in progress, I didn't realise that so much work is still being done there, not realising the scale of the event. The majority of the work that we saw in the museums was from the 20th century and a lot of it was very recent.
The designs are drawn onto white cloth which was then laid over velvet, the design was then overlaid with strips of fluffy white cotton wadding which was couched down with tightly packed stitches, then the excess cloth was cut away.
I was surprised that they weren't using gold for padding as I have previously seen it done with gold coloured felt as the gold threads are put straight on top of the white cotton.
They told us that it took 3000 hours to finish one of the capes and that includes the beautiful lifelike embroidered pictures that are surrounded by the goldwork.
The Paso Morado (Purple) museum was next which started off with the sort of things that we were expecting to see, beautiful clothes for the icons.
What we weren't expecting was this a whole gallery of beautiful and amazing goldwork.
This piece was my favourite from that museum, not just the intricacy of the goldwork but the overall shape of the banner.
I have put some more pictures from this museum into the slideshow below.
|Make your own free digital slideshow
We then went to the Paso Azul (Blue) Museum a couple of minutes away which was housed in an Art Deco style house very similar to Casa Modernista in Novelda that we have visited a couple of times.
Not only was the display of capes fabulous but the building was beautiful, I loved all the newel post baubles which were all of a different style on the first two floors.
This museum was very different as they had a lot more of the horse rider's cloaks and a lot more emphasis on the pictorial side of the work, still amazing goldwork but also Roman and Egyptian pictures and biblical scenes like this one in silk shaded embroidery.
If the first cloaks the women were making took 3000 hours I estimate about 8000 for this one looking at the size of it, just incredible.
This robe was also beautiful.
Again I have put more pictures into the slideshow below, apologies as some of the photos are not brilliant as all of it was obviously behind glass but you can get a sense of the amazing work.
|This photo slideshow generated with Smilebox
Will love you and leave you now as stitching is calling but will be back later in the week with the mind-blowing last museum, Thanks for visiting.
Is it sad that it gives me great pleasure to sit on a Saturday morning (looks like it is going to be a bit sunny as well – yippee!) and write blog posts?
Hope not as blogging does make me happy and I have been looking forward to sorting out my embroidery pictures from Lorca all week.
Am splitting them into two, maybe even 3 posts, as there are so many and the amount of work that has gone into these pieces I feel they need sharing with the stitchy bloggy world.
First some of the gorgeousness of the city itself. It is sadly famous for having a very bad earthquake in 2011 and they are still repairing a lot of the damage. What has been restored is gorgeous and those that are not beautiful old stone are painted mainly in white with a deep yellow trim.
These are some of the old mansions, the Casino and the town hall.
We spent some time wandering around and visiting churches and the castle as well. This picture from Google is a great aerial shot of the castle.
Lorca was important in the medieval period as it was on the border between Moorish and Christian Spain being halfway between Murcia (the city that I visited on the last trip to Spain) and Granada so this was a very well used castle – great views of the surrounding countryside as you can imagine.
It was a long walk up (and we got lost a bit) but a short one down as we found the way back through the very poor area just below the walls.
Stark contrast between the crumbling houses in the barrio and this church and seminary at the bottom of the hill. I am going to frame this photo and add it to my 'beautiful buildings and blue sky' collection of Spanish pictures!
We got the idea of going to Lorca from my brother and his partner who stayed there overnight on the way back from a trip to the mountains. They went to the tourist information and picked up a brochure that said four embroidery museums in the city and kindly thought of me :-)
It was also a very exciting trip as we did it all by bus from La Marina, these are the sort of things like I love doing and it made Mum and I feel very adventurous!
We also had some lovely food in cute little tapas bars like this one in a converted house where due to my poor Spanish I inadvertently ordered off the menu (luckily what I ordered was lovely and mostly non meat for Mum).
I thought he was just explaining what was available and so was nodding to say that I understood and he obviously thought I wanted it all – we had to stop him after the first two dishes and say we had enough!
Mum and I were expecting to see loveliness and knew that the embroidery was connected with the Easter festivals(Semana Santa – Holy Week) and we have seen a few of these before so were looking forward to some lovely robes for icons etc.
However we didn't realise that the parades are four days of spectacle that includes chariots, Romans and their Gods, Egyptians and the Devil as well as usual icons of Jesus and the Virgin Mary.
Mum has lived in Spain for 11 years now and her sister for 24 and neither of them had heard of the event there so obviously a well-kept secret. So we know where we are going next Easter!
Here is a taster of the parade from some of local tourism web sites.
The four museums represent the four brotherhoods – Paso Encarnado (Crimson), Paso Morado (Purple), Paso Azul (Blue) and Paso Blanco (White).
The last two are the biggest and the ones with the most spectacular embroidery as they are the groups with horses as well as icons and robes for participants. This tourism web site gives details of locations of all four and the other attractions if you ever fancy a trip.
Since this is a very long post now I will finish (and go and have brunch, my other favourite thing about the weekend!) and be back tomorrow for goldwork loveliness the like of which I have never seen before.
Thanks for visiting.
I realised (as I was mulling over the design for my thank you gift for all those lovely comments) that I had not posted any pictures of the last giveaway I did for my 400th post or the last piece of stitching that I did for the sadly now defunct Seasonal Exchange.
So here they are. This is the needlecase that I made, Cat had requested deep colours and I had these fabrics in my scraps from making my medieval pattern fabric throw for the sofa (which I still have not finished the hand quilting on – ahem!) so I though I would combine my hexagon addiction with a little goldwork.
The inside of the case has felt in a deep red for the needles and I put a little hexagon pocket in as well for scissors, threaders etc. Apologies for the yellowness of the picture, this was November light in Yorkshire!
This was the last pincushion I made – the original gift got lost in the post and never arrived :-( so I made this little bird one instead.
It is an adaptation of a pattern from one of my cross stitch magazines, the original has NOEL on it and is a Christmas ornament but I liked the idea of an autumn bird looking for berries. It is backed with some of the same fabric left over from the throw.
I don't know where I got the little acorn charm from but thought it was very cute and just right for this piece.
We have had more snow this week, I actually ended up with a snow day yesterday where despite mine and the bus driver's valiant attempts to get us to town I arrived too late for where I was going so turned round and came home! Was very tempted to just sit under a fleecy blanket and stitch but I was good and got on with some marking.
Plans for this weekend are to try out some more quilting blocks and our February block of the month will be released soon as well!
Hope you have a nice weekend and thanks for visiting.
A few years ago at Harrogate I saw some really stunning, original embroidery in the graduate showcase and was really pleased to see the work of Caren Garfen back again, this time with her own exhibition.
Caren's work is called 'She was cooking something up' and is based around a kitchen installation. It takes the theme of women's lives and their relationship with food, dieting and body image. Not only is it technically amazing, all of this is hand stitching on screen printed backgrounds, but so creative and powerful.
Apologies as my images are all a bit yellow due to the show lighting.
I was lucky enough to be able to talk to Caren and tell her how much I loved her work.
There are some more detailed pictures (in better light) at this show link.
Her website also gives more details of her work and there is a really interesting interview with Caren at this link on the Textile Artist web site. I particularly like the way her work links modern stitching with the history of women's work and needlework.
As someone who is really interested in the history of needlework it is fascinating the way that women's lives were often influenced heavily by their skills with a needle in terms of employment, readiness for marriage, social activities etc and this work makes us think through stitching about our lives and current pressures on them.
No longer do we have to be proficient needlewomen to clothe our families, or 'make do and mend' to help the war effort, or have 12 quilt tops ready before we get married but for many of us needlecrafts and knitting are still very central to our lives.
It always fascinates me as someone who has crafted all her life that knitting, quilting, embroidery and sewing are now popular like never before (and often on prime time TV), not because we have to do it but because we want to do it and the 'handmade home' is now once again valued over mass production.
The fact that the internet (the original idea of linking computers was to protect data in the event of war) is such as resource for us all (not just women but mainly women) to share ideas, encourage each other and to often enable us to sell our work is fantastic.
My life would definitely by so much poorer without my bloggy 'imaginary friends' as my kids call them. So on that note thanks for visiting and have a nice week ahead!
The first house on our recent tour was the very impressive Kingston Lacy. The house dates from the 1600s but was remodelled in the Palladian style later.
It boasts the first plate-glass windows ever to be used in a public house and its owner used them to good effect to give the Italian style he was looking for.
These views reminded me of our trip to villas on Lake Como a couple of years ago.
In the drawing-room was this beautiful embroidered piano cover with a little sewing box on display at the other side of the room. I don't know what the date was for this piece or who worked it, as is often sadly the case no information was known about it.
The owners enjoyed collecting pieces and architecture from their travels, a pair of doors had come from the Vatican and this ceiling had been brought from Spain.
There was another beautiful painted ceiling in another vaulted room.
All very stunning and well worth a visit. I think the National Trust is fantastic value for money (I am not just saying that as Ellie works for them as I have been a member for years).
It only costs £58 for a year and not only do I get the pleasure of seeing all this amazing art and architecture I feel happy that I am helping in a small way to preserve and protect it.
Thanks for visiting and see you soon for more Trust loveliness!
There will always be textiles wherever I go as not only are they important and many of the places I visit have them on display as part of the social history of the location but also I do sometimes seek them out ;-)
However this holiday I had some very pleasant surprises on the textile front as I found some when I wasn't even looking for them :-)
The first nice surprise was this beautiful sampler which had been done by Margarete the lady who ran the hotel we stayed in Germany. She was in her 70s and the hotel has been in her family for over 100 years.
I couldn't help thinking that she must have had a pretty hard life, she was on duty about 15 hours a day when we were there and I hope that at some points they got to close the hotel and have a holiday themselves.
I like to imagine that she stitched this in her free time and it gave her pleasure and helped her relax, it is a beautifully stitched piece and she was obviously proud of it as it was hung in the bar area.
Then we had our unexpected trip to the Steiff Teddy Bear Museum which was an optional trip on the holiday which the kids really wanted to go to. It was really good with a little interactive piece at the start that told you the history of the company followed by a room with lots of toys that you could touch (and sit on) then displays of the toys throughout the ages.
The company was started by Margarete Steiff who was a keen seamstress, she had polio as a child and never married but sewed children's clothes then made her first toy, an elephant (by accident it was meant to be a pincushion but it got played with!).
She then went on to make teddies and all manner of other creatures. The above photo shows a reproduction of the sewing room that starts the interactive part.
One of the most interesting parts for me as I have been making toys recently (both knitted and have started a couple of fabric ones) was the workroom at the end where as well as staff working demonstrating the toys being made they had lots of patterns hung up and old photos showing the factory workers. There is a concise history of the Steiff business at this link if you are interested.
Then when we went to Rothenburg we came across this shop selling hand embroidered textiles.
They employ over 500 home workers to do the embroidery so I had to go and support the local economy and all those lovely ladies didn't I? The kids were very patient while I chose from hundreds of gorgeous things.
I bought these beautiful lavender filled whitework pillows for display in my kitchen and an embroidered runner for the Xmas table. As I reminded Jake I do only have 4 (he seemed to think that was too many last year – no idea why?). This one will go very nicely with my holly decorated dinner set).
Rothenburg is also famous for its Christmas shops (which I honestly didn't know when I booked the trip kids) and so spent ages in the Christmas Village in the Kathe Wolfahrt shop which was amazing! No photos allowed inside but this is from their website and it actually looks like this.
I bought 2 beautiful lace ornaments for the tree and a little heart that hangs in my kitchen.
A wonderful array of textile goodness to add to a lovely holiday – very happy.
More pictures to come of the town of Rothenburg, it is still raining here in Yorkshire so no alternative but to spend the day in crafting – how sad ;-)
Thanks for visiting.
Well Autumn is definitely here in the Colne Valley.
The last of the tents is drying out on the line ready to be packed away until next season and the air has turned colder.
I am often sad at the end of the season as I so love camping and re-enacting but am really looked forward to my second Autumn here.
Being so much more rural I can really see all of the changing colours of the seasons all around me and the other day I had a lovely walk along the canal to pick blackberries and took these pictures for you.
I also popped into the local charity shop (to donate) but came away with this beautiful tray cloth.
I am thinking of maybe framing some of these pieces as I now have far too many just to make things from them and think these might go very nicely in the kitchen.
The designs remind me very much of some of Kelly Fletcher from Materialistic– a very talented embroidery designer from South Africa who has some beautiful freebies on her Craftsy shop – look for the Bloomin' Marvellous designs.
She also has some gorgeous designs for sale – really inspirational stuff!
I now have the ultimate luxury of a Sunday to do whatever I want to :-) Jake has gone back to University (not that he was any trouble while he was here!) but I am home alone with only myself to please.
Shall it be Christmas ornaments, knitting more dresses for bunnies, stitching? Maybe all three! I am making a start on my autumn exchange piece today and have chosen some beautiful brown silks for the piece.
Or a walk on the hills? it is beautiful and sunny today so I might just don the walking boots and get out there ;-)
I hope that you are having a lovely day whatever you have decided to do.
Thanks for visiting.
Hello everyone, apologies in advance as this is a very picture heavy post but I have some fab 17th century embroidery to show you!
We visited mainly smaller Tudor properties this week, not by design just those that were local to us (and open on the right days!). We still have many more on our wish list to do :-)
The first was one I have had on my list for a while Little Moreton Hall in Cheshire, a very lovely Tudor house which as you can see from the pictures has suffered through the years and has needed extensive structural work to keep it from falling down!
The second was East Riddlesden Hall in Keighley, not only a beautiful little house but also home to some gorgeous embroidery.
Look at all these beautiful pictures.
Sadly their sampler display was not available due to a ceiling collapse in that room so I will return to see that sometime.
There was also some lovely embroidery that had been done for the displays by local women, this blackwork beadspread and crewel work hangings date from the 1920s.
And some fantastic plaster ceilings.
The last one we visited was Gawthorpe Hall near Burnley, this is a mini Hardwick Hall in design and is home to the Rachel Kay Shuttleworth needlework collection. A small part of her 28,000 pieces were on display.Rachel lived in the house in the 1950s and was a passionate needlewoman.
There were no photos allowed in the house but there is an excellent blog with online gallery and details of the textile courses they run.
A very textilicious holiday with lots of inspiration for me!
Now back to the real world of work with just a few bits of stitching a week to keep me sane :-)
Thanks as always for visiting, I will be off to Ashby de La Zouche Castle next weekend for a show with Swords of Mercia so if you are in the area come along and say hello!


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MUMBAI: The rupee on Wednesday ended lower at 39.3750/3850 against the dollar amid expectations of central bank intervention in the forex market and weak Asian stock indices.
A banker said dealers were disappointed over U.S. Federal Reserve's quarter point rate cut, instead of 50 basis points.
In a lacklustre activity at the interbank foreign exchange market, the rupee opened sharply lower at 39.41/42 a dollar against Tuesday's close of 39.35/36. It later touched a high of 39.43 before falling back to a low of 39.35 on strong recovery in equity markets.
The domestic unit finally ended at 39.3750/3850. — PTI
More In: BUSINESS | Today's Paper


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Clinique Long Last Glosswear SPF 15 Reviews
My new favorite glossIt's not supersticky...very pretty and it lasts a good 4 hours assuming you're not eating, or drinking something hot. Plus i love that it's SPF 15! — 6 years, 11 months agoRockvilleGirl | 20 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 1 of 2 people said helpful
For those who like sticky glossesLong Last Glosswear SPF 15 creates a protective seal for maximum sun protection and long-lasting benefits. If you like a stickier gloss, this is for you. Personally, the sticky gloss isn't for me, but this definitely lasts longer than a lightweight gloss and the sun protection factor is a huge plus. — 6 years, 11 months agomakeupbag | 23 reviews
Excellent GlossI love this gloss by Clinique - it's super shiny and looks great - especially in pictures!!! — 6 years, 11 months agoaubiecakes | 1 reviews
No Staying PowerGreat color - No staying power and sticky feel. I've used this gloss all week and it consistently lasts a little over an hour - no where near eight hours as the product claims. — 6 years, 11 months agogina30331 | 1 reviews
Long LastIt's really great, very juicy and shiny. Lasts up to 7 hours. I thing its perfect!! — 6 years, 11 months agozoe | 1 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 3 people said helpful
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Kiernan said the maintenance-first approach, though sounding a bit unorthodox, could be a useful tool for those who are trying to slim down and be healthier. "This approach helps people learn how to make small, quick adjustments that can help them maintain their weight without requiring a lot of effort," she said.
In the future, she hopes to further test the approach to see if people are able to maintain the weight loss for more than a year, and would also like to test it in larger, more diverse populations including men. She also noted that the initial study did not recruit any participants who had reported binge-eating behaviors, and so researchers would need to determine whether the maintenance-first skills were viable for vulnerable subgroups of people.
|Contact: Susan Ipaktchian
Stanford University Medical Center


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A quasi-secular ideology remained dominant for much after independence, but concessions were periodically made in favour of particular religions
Until the beginning of the 20th Century, India's war of independence from foreign rule was fought on the plank of equality of all faiths and of their followers. The scene changed thereafter and certain sections of the majority community began projecting their religion as an inseparable part of the country's future political ideology. As a reaction to this, some Muslim leaders began demanding special arrangements for their community in the nation's forthcoming political structure. These competitive aspirations eventually led to the partition of the country accompanying its independence from British rule in 1947. During the protracted phase of Constitution-making, demands were made for the protection of certain religious traditions in the national charter under preparation, and some of these had to be accommodated. This gave birth to a peculiar concept of state secularity, different from how the rest of the world understands it.
No state religion
Adopted in the third year of independence from foreign rule, the Constitution of India did not declare any religion to be the state religion or an otherwise privileged faith tradition. It declared liberty of belief, faith and worship and equality of status and opportunity to be the basic ideals of future polity, and non-discrimination on religious grounds to be one of the people's Fundamental Rights. However, it neither erected a U.S.-type 'non-establishment' clause — a 'wall of separation' between state and religion — nor adopted the French doctrine of laïcité requiring the state to estrange its people from all walks of life. To put it in concrete terms, the state was not prevented from playing a role in the affairs of religion, but religion was to have no role whatsoever to play in state affairs. Twenty-six years later the Preamble to the Constitution was amended to add the word 'secular' to the prefatory description of the character of the country. It, however, made no difference, and the concept of secularism remained basically distinct from its western stereotypes, leaving ample room for the politicians of tomorrow to play with it as they liked.
A quasi-secular ideology remained dominant in state affairs for about half a century after independence, but throughout these years concessions were periodically made in favour of particular religions. Towards the end of the 20th Century, the majority community's protagonists of a different ideology that they called 'Hindutva' — an ideology which insists on the religio-cultural beliefs and practices of the majority community being an essential attribute of patriotism, national culture and social practice — began aspiring to capture political power. Soon they took over the reins of the nation and their ideology of 'cultural nationalism' remained dominant in the country's governance throughout their six-year rule. The professedly secular political outfits returned to power in 2004 and have ruled the country for a full decade. There have been severe blows to secularism under both dispensations — destruction of the Ayodhya mosque in 1992 and the Gujarat pogrom of 2002 bear testimony to this fact. The difference has been of a passive tolerance and active support to a gradual decline of the ideal of state's secularity and neutrality to religion.
The judiciary and secularism
The judiciary in India has been generally favouring the ideology of secularism. A leading case on India's secular character was decided by the Supreme Court in 1994. The Court declared that secularism was an inalienable part of the Constitution and clarified that "secularism is more than a passive attitude of religious tolerance; it is a positive concept of equal treatment of all religions… when the State allows citizens to profess and practise their religions, it does not either explicitly or impliedly allow them to introduce religion into non-religious and secular activities of the State" (S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, 1994). There have, however, been occasional aberrations too, a clear instance of which was found in the late Justice J.S. Verma's so-called Hindutva judgments of 1995. Gravely disturbed by their tenor, his brother judge K. Ramaswamy hastened to get them referred to a larger Bench for review. The public outcry against the language used in those rulings, which seemed to be lending weight to protagonists of political communalism, forced the learned author to dispel such impressions in a clarifying decision given in quick succession. He was soon appointed to the Chair of the National Human Rights Commission, and his policies and performance there turned into a direction exactly opposite to what his earlier judgments were made out to be.
Democracy envisages periodical change of guard, and a time for that has come once again. The race for taking over the reins of the nation next is currently on, and is unfortunately fast developing into a tug of war between professedly secular and conspicuously communal ideologies. The outcome is anybody's guess. Neither unbridled political ambitions nor media speculations will however be decisive. The people of this country will be the real arbiters of its destiny.
(Tahir Mahmood is a former Chair of National Minorities Commission and ex-member of the Law Commission of India.)
The difference between the dispensations of 1992 and 2002 has been of a passive tolerance and active support to a gradual decline of the ideal of state's secularity and neutrality to religion


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Erla (Kikwi)
Edit Page Last Edit: 3 years 5 months ago
Erla is the Kikwi that you find hiding in the grass in Faron Woods as part of the Kikwi Hunt. He/she is near the entrance to the Deep Woods area. Climb the vines against the wall opposite the Deep Woods enterance.
Objects obtained Near or From this Person
- After completing the Kikwi Hunt you obtain the Slingshot
- There is a bomb-able wall behind this Kikwi that contains a treasure chest that holds a Goddess Plume.
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Marines depart Sangin, leaving Afghans in charge
Hand-off in northern Helmand comes as NATO combat mission wanes
"It's a pain you both understand and no one else can."
Capt. Alistair Howard, 36, from La Mesa, was among the first Marines to fly into Sangin in 2010, and he was one of the last to drive out. The "Suicide Charley" commander who withdrew his C Company of Marines on Monday was serving his third tour to Sangin and FOB Jackson.
He first deployed there as a civil affairs specialist with the 3rd Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment. Back then the British commandos they served with would jump on the rooftop gun stations in flip flops and shorts, bare chested under their flak jackets, to fire Javelin missiles and machine guns in daily firefights.
Howard returned in 2012 as officer in charge of the police advisor team working side-by-side with Afghan forces. "We were teaching them to fish for their future success. And we see that now, two years later coming into this deployment, seeing they've got it.
"They're out there patrolling and doing their thing," with close-knit coordination among Afghan army and police forces, Howard said.
During their six weeks deployed to Sangin this spring, the 1/7 Marines were confined to base standing post, waiting if needed to bail out Afghan forces. They left the gates only once -- to check on a floodwall of their base that eroded in heavy rains.
The fact that they weren't needed is a legacy of the "blood, sweat and tears" of all Marines who deployed to Sangin and nurtured the Afghan forces and government, Howard said.
"Seeing it now, compared to what it was … it's night and day. Seeing the people here have the ability to have some of the freedoms we have in America," like strolling their neighborhood in safety or voting for president, " I think Marines can look back at it and say that it was a success. It wasn't for naught."
Sgt. Maj. Mohammad Hassan, an English speaking Afghan soldier, has been stationed in Sangin for eight years. Afghan and coalition forces used to take casualties every day, he recalled. His battalion alone lost more than 600 killed in action during that time. "Too much," he said sadly.
"But peace came here after the Marines," he said. "Now I move about here with just my pistol. It's been 85 percent changed."
As long as Afghan forces get the weapons and especially the vehicles and repair parts they need, "we can handle it," he said. "We have that kind of problem, not soldier problem."
Sangin is still a dangerous place where Afghan troops and civilians are regularly threatened by insurgent bombs and gunfire. During a three-day Afghan army operation in February, soldiers cleared 178 IEDs from a two-mile long area of Sangin.
But the reduction in violence since 2010 is striking. U.S. helicopters no longer have to fly in at night to avoid enemy fire. Marines standing guard duty at Jackson/Sabit Qadam said other than a few rockets that whizzed overhead and detonated near base on election day, they rarely encountered more than random pot shots in the distance.


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
Our Cottage is located in the very front of the Floradale Association. Literally steps away from the heated pool with slide. So convenient for all, but especially if you have kids in your party. You also have access to the Club House, Shuffleboard, Tether ball, Horse Shoes, Tennis and Basketball courts as well as 400ft of private association beachfront and our private dock without extra charge.
Our cottage has 3 bedrooms, 2 with Queen beds, and 1 with 2 sets of bunk beds. Living Room has a Queen sleeper and a Twin Sleeper. There are 2 baths, one with shower only, the other a full bath with tub. There is also a large fully equipped kitchen and large dinning room. The cottage also has a large deck and a large patio area as well with lawn furniture, a outdoor grill, and a fire pit.
We have recently renovated the cottage and it looks amazing. All new furniture, bedding, linens, towels, decor, paint ect. This cottage will not disappoint.
Just a few miles away is the state park dunes where you can ride through the sand or walk. Also, you can take a dune ride from Mac Woods or rent a buggy to tear up the dunes yourself. There is also a 22 mile paved bike /hiking trail along with mini-golf, bumper cars, go-carts, and many specialty shops to browse through. So book your rental today for spring/summer 2013. I hope to hear from you soon!
Our family of 5 just returned home from our week in this beautiful cottage. The cottage and it's furnishings were fabulous...LOVED the decor, the game closet was great especially on the few rainy days we had...furnished with fun games and drawing supplies...perfect for my kids. I brought stuff to keep them busy but didn't even need to get out! We enjoyed bonfires at the well kept fire pit and the kids enjoyed the swing set and sandbox. My only disappointment was the beachfront on Silver Lake...it has a seawall and doesn't just have sand sloping down to the water like the picture shows...not a good swimming beach for my kids especially my 2 yr old. Wished for a better beach on Silver Lake as the water there much warmer than Lake MI... Overall though a very good vacation, would recommend this property to anyone interested in a good family vacation spot with lots to do with the kids!
We are a family of 8 with children ranging from the age of 17 down to 4. It can be tricky planning a vacation that will be pleasuarble for everyone considering the vast differences of personalities and ages within our clan. Hands down this was the best vacation in our family history and we cannot wait to go back! For us, vacation is a time to create memories and an opportunity to expose our children to new experiences. We live in a world of technology and modern conveniences which can feel overwhelming much of the time. Our vacation allowed all 8 of us to reconnect with nature and one another. The cottage was comfortable and welcoming. Our kids thoroughly enjoyed swimming at all hours of the day. We explored the dunes on multiple occasions by hiking and ORV. We shopped, we fished, we explored local wildlife (watched a mama and papa swan all week prepare for the arrival of their offspring, witnessed two black squirrels building their nest in the tree out front of the cottage and admired the spots on the fawns that were born this past spring). We visited a local vinyard, had dinner in Pentwater and climbed the lighthouse (which our 4 year old kept referring to as the "whitehouse"). We cooked and shared family meals together and every evening would gather by the fire and share stories of our days adventures. It was a perfect combination of wildlife and beach/water and we are eager to do it again!!!!
This is the perfect cottage for a week at the dunes with the family. The cottage is very well kept and comfortably slept 9 (4 adults and 5 kids), without feeling crowded. We were a bit concerned about the lack of air conditioning, but even on the very hot days (low 90's) we didn't miss it at all with the windows open and the pool only steps away. Modern appliances and two grills made cooking and cleaning up a breeze. There was plenty of parking at the cottage and in the auxiliary lot for our fleet of two jeeps, an SUV, a 20 foot flatbed trailer and a pick-up truck.
We had a good time at the cottage. It was clean and well equiped for my family (5). The only issue we had were with the nats which I think were from the screens not fully covering the windows. Also, for the price it would be nice to have AC for those 90+ days. The owners were very helpful and were readily available if needed. We would definetly recommned the place for someone down the road and plan to go back.
Had agreat time at your very clean and cheery cottage! Conveniatly located next to the pool and an easy walk to the beach with much lawn space to spread out and play for kids.
My experience this past July 4th was quite pleasant. It started with my dealings with the owner who was a very good communicator and made sure we had a clean hassle free home to vacation in. The cottage was recently decorated and it came out great and we found everthing in perfect working order. Our grandkids came with us so the large yard away from any traffic made it easy to allow them to run around and enjoy the swing set and sand box and the pool was just a few steps away. The general location of the cottage was very nice as well. Far enough from town to be away from the buzz of traffic and close enough to ride your bike or even walk to go shopping and the lighthouse beach on Lake Michigan was only minutes away. We will certainly consider spending more summer vacations at the cottage on Parasail Drive.
2000 acres of sand dunes, Little Sable Point Lighthouse, Craigs Cruisers, Bumper Cars, Dune Buggy Rentals, T-shirts and Pizza Shops.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Jun 5 2015 - Jun 26 2015
7 night minimum stay
Jun 27 2015 - Jul 31 2015
7 night minimum stay
Aug 1 2015 - Aug 31 2015
7 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit
|We accept paypal with a 3.0% fee
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (USD) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.


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Nonprofit, community outreach program provides structured,
affordable ballet programs. Spring session runs from March 15-June
13. Look online for class...
Mobile dance company that offers a variety of dance classes
through the Chicagoland area for kids 2 through adult.
Dance School
Multiethnic theater ensemble of teenagers that creates and
performs original works.
Children's music and theatre classes and performances.
Pursue music, modeling, etiquette, theater and dance. An oasis for performing arts and cultural enrichment since 1977, offers all-day summer camps with...
In the heart of historic downtown Long Grove.
Theater arts education program for kids ages 5-18.
Between Fullerton and Wrightwood on Laramie Avenue.