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About Schools in Cowlic, AZ
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Cowlic, AZ.FIND AN AGENT
Cowlic, Arizona is located in Pima County. Nearby cities and towns include Gu Oidak, Topawa, Sells, Ali Chukson, Ali Molina, South Komelik, Chiawuli Tak, Nolic, San Miguel, Ko Vaya, Comobabi, and Haivana Nakya. Cowlic is a rural community with a population of 138. The median household income is $32,499. In Cowlic, 18% of residents are married, and families with children reside in 45% of the households. Half the population of Cowlic commutes 8 minutes or less to work, with 0% of residents holding white collar jobs and 0% residents holding blue collar jobs. The median age of homes in Cowlic, AZ is 23 years, with 55% of those homes owned, 22% rented, and 22% not occupied.
Contact a Coldwell Banker® real estate agent to learn more about the schools and school districts in Cowlic, AZ.FIND AN AGENT
See if your personality and goals are right for real estate.SEE ALL REAL ESTATE CAREERS
Community information and market data Powered by Onboard Informatics. Copyright ©2015 Onboard Informatics. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
This information is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be relied on in making any home-buying decisions. School information does not guarantee enrollment. Contact a local real estate professional or the school district(s) for current information on schools. This information is not intended for use in determining a person's eligibility to attend a school or to use or benefit from other city, town or local services.


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Garden Home Recreation Center
Project Summary & Public Benefits
The safety of our patrons is one of THPRD's highest concerns. That's why passage of the 2008 bond measure was so important - it allows the district to attend to important maintenance work and structural upgrades at a number of facilities.
Seismic upgrades will be made to the Garden Home Recreation Center. Built in 1912 as a school, the center hosts a variety of activities. THPRD purchased the property in 1986. Fun fact - the school's original 1912 bell is still located at the center.
(Content updated 1-23-2015)
Project Budget
Contact Information
Please direct bond project-related comments or questions to Melissa Remick via email, at 503/629-6305 or electronically via THPRD's web contact form.

subset: commoncrawl


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Aww! We want to wish a very happy 6th birthday to "Modern Family" actress Aubrey Anderson-Emmons! Aubrey was born on June 6, 2007.
Aubrey's TV dad Jesse Tyler Ferguson sent the cute message below to his TV daughter:
Happy 6th birthday to my sweet & wonderful TV daughter @AubreyLily!
Happy Birthday Aubrey!


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1:00 PM ET, October 3, 2009
Andy Kerr Stadium, Hamilton, NY
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Passing: B. Ganter (COR) - 217 YDS, 1 TD, 1 INT
Rushing: N. Eachus (COLG) - 19 CAR, 129 YDS, 3 TD
Receiving: R. Barbour (COR) - 4 REC, 72 YDS, 1 TD
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Assessment Strategies for Diverse LearnersSubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 1:00pm
This hands-on, interactive session will analyze commonly used assessment strategies and, in turn, offer specific alternatives that accommodate the learning (and assessment) needs of diverse learners.
Timothy Lintner, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, SC
Every Vote Counts! Helping Young Children Understand the Voting ProcessSubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 1:00pm
Experience lessons designed to make presidential elections relevant to young students. Making choices, compare/contrast candidates, political posters, vocabulary strategy, mock election. Primary sources. Ready-to-go lessons. Resources provided
Karen Maloley, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY; Charlotte Smith, Model Laboratory School, Richmond, KY; Melinda Lake, Model Laboratory School, Richmond, KY
The "Magical Life" of Contextualized Autobiographies: Connecting Students with HistorySubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
Session participants will learn about "contextualized autobiographies" as students connect critical events that have occurred in their own lives to those events occurring in the world around them.
Lynne Bercaw, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA; Katie Stewart, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA
To Bring or not to Bring!Submitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
Immigration past and present. To prioritize items that immigrants would need to survive in colonial era. Compare and contrast what immigrants would bring now to survive in the 21st century.
Dean Ruff, Old Trail School, Bath, OH
Relevant Exploration of the Civil Rights Movement with Pre-K/Elementary StudentsSubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
This session will explore dynamic strategies for integrating powerful themes embedded in the American civil rights movement into curriculum, field trips, and the daily classroom lives of young children.
Beatrice Fennimore, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA
History, Technology & Literacy: Reaching Elementary Students Via Multimodal ResourcesSubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
Discover how one museum engages students in American history via innovative and interactive online and distance learning resources which focus on content, literacy, and the stories of this nation's founding.
Dale Van Eck, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, VA
A Child's View of Social Reality among ELL Migrant ChildrenSubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
This poster explores children's perception of social issues seen through the eyes of young ELL migrant children and its implications in delivering culturally responsive social studies experiences.
Wilma Robles Melendez, Nova Southeastern University, North Miami Beach, FL
Representing Knowledge: Children Use Web 2.0 in an Inquiry UnitSubmitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
Children engaged in an inquiry-based environmental education unit and used Web 2.0 tools to represent knowledge and to construct it. Work samples demonstrating digital literacy integration will be shared.
Nancy Luke, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC; Elizabeth Crawford, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC
"The Times They Are a-Changin'": How Will Students Adapt?Submitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
Do your students have tools to design solutions to the social problems they encounter? Get ideas for empowering students to create their own action research plans with model lessons!
Andrea Barela, North Belt Elementary School, Humble, TX
Take the "Mock" out of Mock Trial!Submitted by TimDaly on Thu, 08/02/2012 - 12:59pm
Mock Trials can be a powerful method for engaging students in an understanding of the judicial branch. They solicit critical thinking, providing a natural blend with language arts and theatre.
Fran Chadwick, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA


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World Soccer Winning Eleven 6 Final Evolution
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Unlockable How to Unlock Classic Argentina Win American Cup with Argentina Classic Brazil Win American Cup with Brazil Classic England Win European Cup with England Classic France Win European Cup with France Classic Germany Win European Cup with Germany Classic Holland Win European Cup with Holland Classic Italy Win European Cup with Italy Euro Allstars Win International Cup Hidden Players Complete training challenges and win Master league 3 times World Allstars Win International League
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News from WTOP
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- Agency of the Month
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Shows & Panels
- AFCEA Answers
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- The Business Case for Cloud Computing in Government
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- Connecting the Dots: Digital Authentication in Government
- Cybersecurity Game Changer: Real-Time Event Processing in Government
- Data-Centric Approaches to Government in the Cloud
- Delivering the Digital Government Mission
- Federal Executive Forum
- Federal News Radio's National Cyber Security Awareness Month Special Panel Discussion
- Federal Tech Talk
- The Future of Government Data Centers
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- Industrialized, Interoperable and Insight-driven Federal Health Panel
- Innovation and Tech Superiority through Acquisition Reform
- Mitigating Insider Threats in Virtual & Cloud Environments
- Moving Agency Applications to the Cloud with PaaS
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- Air Traffic Management Transformation Report
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Shows & Panels
- Cloud-Driven Data Insights in Government
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- On DoD
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- Transforming Business Operations at the Defense Department
Review: BlackBerry Z10 is good stab at rebirth
Thursday - 1/31/2013, 6:06pm EST
By PETER SVENSSON
AP Technology Writer
NEW YORK (AP) - Are you ashamed to have a BlackBerry? It's not exactly a status symbol any more, at least not in the U.S., after it got left in the dust by the iPhone. Now, there's a new BlackBerry that wants to get back into the cool club: the Z10.
It's the first phone to run the new BlackBerry 10 operating system, and it is, at first blush, a very good stab at regaining at least some of the cachet of the BlackBerry.
The problem is that no one has ever succeeded in turning around a failing smartphone maker. Remember the Palm, anyone? It's simply a brutal industry. So even if the Z10 does everything it set out to do, it might not be enough to save Research In Motion Ltd., the home of the BlackBerry. The company is changing its name to BlackBerry, but that could just be the prelude to riding the brand into the sunset once and for all.
It doesn't exactly help that the Z10 looks like every other smartphone on the shelf. It's a flat black slab with a touch screen, nearly indistinguishable at 15 feet from the iPhone 5 or a bevy of Android smartphones. The screen measures 4.2 inches diagonally, a bit bigger than the iPhone but smaller than most Android phones. It will go on sale in the U.S. in March, probably for about $200 with a two-year service contract, in line with the iPhone and other rivals.
Turn it on, and the differences become more evident. Older BlackBerrys are great communications devices, but are poor at multimedia and at running third-party apps, something the iPhone excels at. The new BlackBerry 10 software is a serious attempt at marrying these two feature sets, and after a few hours of use, it looks like it succeeds.
BlackBerry 10 was delayed for about a year, and it seems as if the extra time was put to good use. The software is, for a first release, uncommonly slick and well thought out, completely unlike the PlayBook disaster of two years ago, when RIM released a tablet computer that couldn't do email.
The Z10 is easier to use than an Android phone. It is more difficult to use than the iPhone, but it is also more powerful, giving you faster access to your email, tweets, Facebook status updates and text messages.
These communications end up in the "Hub," a window that slides in from the left side of the screen. Whatever you're doing on the phone, you can get to the hub with a single swipe on the screen, and then go back. It's a great feature for the always-connected.
The software is good for on-the-go types as well, because it's designed for one-handed use. While texting, you'll have one hand free for holding your bag or pushing open doors.
It's also completely touch-oriented, which isn't what you'd expect from a BlackBerry. You don't use a hardware buttons to navigate the phone at all: They're just to turn the phone on or off, or adjust the volume. To get around, you swipe across the screen. Up, down, right and left swipes all do different things, but they're fairly easy to remember. Sadly, it's reminiscent of webOS, the last hurrah of smartphone pioneer Palm Inc. It was a great, swipe-based interface that never found an audience and was ultimately put to rest.
Very rarely does BlackBerry 10 display a "Back" button on the screen, which is a blessing. I find Android's always-present "Back" button a huge annoyance, since it's rarely clear where it will take me. Will it take me back one screen or kick me out of the application I'm in? Only one way to find out: pushing it.
BlackBerry diehards will lament the lack of a physical keyboard _ they'll have to wait for the Q10, a model in the more traditional BlackBerry form. That's due this spring. But before writing off the Z10, these loyalists should try its on-screen keyboard. It's really very good. It provides more vertical space between the keys, imitating the steel bands that separated the hardware keys on the BlackBerry Bold. It's very accurate and easy to use.
The Z10 will also have a replaceable battery, something lacking on the iPhone. Screen quality will be good, too, at 356 pixels per inch, compared with 326 for the iPhone 5 and 306 for Samsung's Galaxy S III. Unlike the iPhone, the Z10 will allow you to expand storage with a microSD card, and it sports a chip letting the phone act as a credit card at some payment terminals and share data wirelessly when tapped against some other phones. The Z10 is heavier than the iPhone, though _ at 4.78 ounces to the iPhone 5's 3.95 ounces.


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Book your room at Hostal 7 Soles
Double RoomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Twin RoomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Triple RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 2 infants)
Family RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Single RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Oceanfront hostal with rooftop terrace and 24-hour front desk
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Located in the heart of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, this hostal is within 1 mi (2 km) of Museo Elder de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia, Santa Catalina Park, and El Muelle Shopping Center. Las Palmas Ferry and Gran Canaria School of Languages are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Property Features
Along with a rooftop terrace, this hostal has concierge services and a 24-hour front desk. Free WiFi in public areas and a free manager's reception are also provided. Additionally, a computer station, an arcade/game room, and a library are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 26 individually decorated rooms feature free WiFi and pillowtop beds. Coffee makers, down comforters, and free local calls are among the other amenities available to guests. Limited housekeeping is available.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Hostal 7 Soles features a rooftop terrace, a library, and tour/ticket assistance. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Las Palmas de Gran Canaria hostal also offers an arcade/game room, a picnic area, and concierge services.
Hostal 7 Soles has designated areas for smoking.
- Number of floors - 5
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 26
- Babysitting or childcare
- Concierge services
- Elevator/lift
- Arcade/game room
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Computer station
- Library
- Luggage storage
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Offsite parking discounted rates available
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Designated smoking areas
- Rooftop terrace
- Picnic area
- Free reception
- Television in lobby
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Babysitting or childcare
- Arcade/game room
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Microwave (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Offsite parking discounted rates available
Room Amenities
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Free local calls
- Coffee/tea maker
- Limited housekeeping
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Desk
- Phone
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Microwave (on request)
- Free WiFi
- Bidet
- Pillowtop mattress
- Separate bedroom
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Down comforter
- Individually decorated
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Rafting nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Free bicycles nearby
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at noon
Check-in time ends at midnight
Check-out time is 11:30 AM
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Only service dogs are allowed
24-hour check-in
Noise-free rooms not guaranteed
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. Children 7 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms. Alcohol is not served at this property.


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I have read that FRanceschi and the derivatives of it mean French in origin. Is this correct? I also remember seeing at one time that the President of France, not the Prime Minister had the last name of FRanceschi. Is this also correct?
Postby Loriefran » 16 Jan 2004, 07:42
Postby ptimber » 16 Jan 2004, 21:28
Users browsing this forum: Baidu [Spider] and 10 guests


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About Contact Join Donate
Connect with DeSales University
The 2015 edition of The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College recommends Catholic colleges, universities, and online programs both in the United States and abroad. Each profile contains an overview, information on academics, residence life, student activities, and spiritual life, Quick Facts boxes, social media links, campus photos, and much more.
My Future, My Faith features many articles designed to help parents and students navigate the transition from high school to college. Before you choose a college, visit, then visit again, paying close attention to the atmosphere in the residence hall. Learn more about The Blessings and Pitfalls of Dorm Life.
Mount St. Mary's University, with its variety of majors, large athletics and recreation programs, and diverse community, has the feel of a typical private university but with an earnest commitment to authentic Catholic teaching and students' personal development. Quick Facts: 1,747 students; located in Emmitsburg, Md.; 30 majors


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Safety of larger centerboard boats
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I've been sailing my Tartan 37 c/b for over a dozen years now and have experienced some heavy gales (30 to 50 knots)with her and I will not use the board when it pipes up too much. First reason is that this boat sails very nicely without the board and is very stable. Second reason is that I don't want the board bouncing around with the wave action (there's no way of locking it down) and the third reason is that "if" something goes wrong with it, I don't want to mess with it when its blowing like stink. The downside of not using the board is in its ability not to point quite as high, I loose about 5 to 10 degrees depending on conditions.
I think that if a centerboarder is well designed, I wouldn't hesitate for it does open up a lot of water to you. Apart from older Tartans, there's Bristol, Older Morgans, Hinckleys, Little Harbors, Shannon and many more respected builders putting out centerboarders.
Hope this helps....just my two cents worth.
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Comments about BILLABONG WITH YOU STRIPE PULLOVER HOODIE:
The hoodie is great for casual use. It runs a little smaller than what it appears but still comfortable.
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It's a very comfortable sweater/shirt.


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St. Michael and the sudarium: a Christian soldier and human sacrifice.
The image of Christ that he proudly displays is the sudarium or Veil of Veronica. According to medieval legend, it was offered by Veronica to Christ as he struggled up the hill to Calvary so that he could wipe sweat and blood from his face. When returned to her, the veil miraculously was imprinted with the portrait of Christ. The name Veronica derives from the supposed relic, which was venerated during the Middle Ages in Europe as a true image or "Vera icon" of Christ (Brown 112). During that period many prints and painted versions of the theme appeared in Europe as devotional reminders of the passion and sacrifice of Christ. Characteristically they express Christ's determination to provide redemption for mankind because of his love. Unlike such European images, the face of Christ on the Mexican relief does not express compassion. Rather He appears to be a sacrificial victim who is suffering or who has suffered a painful death.
Although angels sometimes display symbols of Christ's passion, to my knowledge neither St. Michael nor any military angel is associated with the sudarium in European art. Instead the archangel defeats the devil by trampling him underfoot or drives Lucifer and the fallen angels from heaven. He also is associated with the last Judgment, since it is Michael who weighs souls to determine who will be admitted to paradise and who will be condemned to eternal damnation. Considered the first and most powerful of all created beings and "Like unto God," Michael is called the "Banner of Heaven" because it is believed that he will carry the banner of the cross on Judgment day (Clement 55). In the Book of Revelations Michael is the protector of the Woman of the Apocalypse. As captain general of the archangels he is the defender of the faith and champion of good over evil (Hall 208; Burke 301).
In the Mexican relief of the angel, the two European themes of St. Michael and the Veil of Veronica were conflated by a native craftsman working under the direction of the priest in charge. By studying a series of colonial images of St. Michael and the veil as independent themes, we can better understand the rationale behind their conflation in Oaxaca. As a single image composed entirely of European elements, the relief conveys a Christian message that is reminiscent of Pre-Columbian ritual practice. This paper will establish that the sculpture is an example of Indo-Christian art in which a suppressed native tradition was indirectly kept alive by the subtle selection and manipulation of European forms by their Mexican interpreters.
This image of St. Michael holding the sudarium was made by an unknown sculptor during the ambitious rebuilding project of the church of Nuestra Senora de la Soledad undertaken in 1682 by the secular priest Don Pedro Otalora y Carvajal. The priest took responsibility for the new construction project at a meeting that took place on November 11, 1681, after members of the church explained that the building had been hopelessly damaged by earthquakes and was in dire need of repair (Libro del Cavildo 2: 131v). The new structure and its elaborate retablo facade were dedicated in 1689, approximately two years before the death of the major patron, Otalora. In the funeral oration of this beloved citizen of Oaxaca, the facade was praised as Otalora's great accomplishment (Saldana 149). As was the custom in Mexico, he probably oversaw the project, depending on a crew of local sculptors to carry out the work. Although we do not know the name of the person who actually carved the image of St. Michael, we know that this sculptor worked under the direction of the extremely wealthy patron of the church whose list of titles included Archdean of the Cathedral and local representative of the Inquisition (Otalora y Carvajal 219v). Such obligations accumulated over a lifetime devoted entirely to serving the Mexican Catholic church and to saving the souls of the people of Oaxaca through the Christian faith.
The relief of St. Michael I believe derives from a sixteenth-century European painting of St. Michael by Martin de Vos belonging to the Mexican church of Cuauhtitlan (figure 2). This painting served as the prototype for many colonial images of St. Michael (Toussaint 151--52; Romero de Terreros 51), including a seventeenth-century painting of the saint belonging to the Cathedral of Oaxaca (illus. in Tovar y Teresa). The triumphant pose, military attire, adolescent or androgynous facial characteristics, and the delineation of the hair, wings, and knees are consistent with the painting, suggesting that the artist of the relief intended to represent St. Michael. Two eighteenth-century inventories identify a figure as St. Michael adorned with a lamb of God that stood adjacent to the Virgin on the nolonger-extant main altarpiece of this church. By stating that the angel was adorned with a lamb of God, the inventories document the relationship between St. Michael and the sacrifice of Christ at this site (Libro de ynbentarios). Since Mexican interior altarpieces and retablo facades customarily are iconographically consistent, the inventories suggest that the angel holding the sudarium is St. Michael. On the facade of the church of Siete Principes in Oaxaca there is a free-standing figure of St. Michael. By trampling a serpent-like devil that is chained to the monstrance that he holds, this image of St. Michael further establishes that the archangel was associated with the death and salvation of Christ in Oaxaca.
Although the first Christian image introduced in New Spain was not St. Michael, the link between the archangel and Christian redemption seems rooted in the early contact period. During the military campaigns of Hernando Cortes and his men, Cortes erected crosses at key points to symbolize his political and religious victory (Diaz del Castillo 63--180). The Spanish considered the conquest of Mexico as part of a master plan that would rid the world of idolatry, allowing for the spread of Christianity. Their recent success at expelling the Jews and restoring Christianity in Spain encouraged the conquest of the new world, which was envisioned as a continuation of the same religious struggle (Valle 5--8). Some Spaniards believed that the indigenous people of the Americas were basically good, but had been deceived by the devil, who inspired their religious ritual (Burkhart, Slippery Earth 38--40). The conquest was justified, according to Spanish logic, because it led to the destruction of such evil practices and their eventual replacement by Christianity. This is the subject of a print by the Mestizo chronicler Munoz Camargo, in which Cortes is represented as a Christian soldier who has defeated the shackled Montezuma, toppled an indigenous idol, and converted Malinche, who humbly stands behind him with her hands held in prayer (figure 3). Another print, also by Munoz Camargo, expresses how the religious battle begun during the conquest was continued later in the sixteenth century by small groups of friars who destroyed Pre-Columbian temples in order to exorcise the devil. By burning an indigenous temple, the friars are destroying a Pre-Columbian deity who is represented as a European devil (Munoz Camargo 246v, 240v).
Church construction paralleled such militant evangelism. The friars often built large and impressive monasteries, sometimes on the sites of Pre-Columbian ritual centers, in order to attract the populace. Like the Franciscan monastery at Tula, these were often mock medieval fortresses (McAndrew 272), complete with towers and crenelations.
Since the people of New Spain were accustomed to participating in spectacular religious ceremonies in the courtyards of their temples, the friars orchestrated elaborate outdoor events in the patios or atriums of their monasteries as a way of introducing Christian themes (Burkhart, Slippery Earth 20). An engraving by Fray Diego Valades from his Rhetorica Christiana of 1579 presents an idealized version of many of the activities that took place in the atrium. In the print, friars are instructing Indians on doctrine and proper Christian conduct. Religious ceremonies that include an outdoor baptism and a procession are under way (McAndrew 295). Characteristically such large, walled enclosures where thousands could gather served as outdoor churches as well as forums for Christian plays that sometimes alluded to the conquest and to the mission of the Friars in the New World.
As the chief opponent of Lucifer, Michael was important initially in these early dramatic productions. Since Christian moral values of good versus evil had no equivalent in Pre-Columbian religion, the friars had a difficult time explaining these concepts (Burkhart, Slippery Earth 28). To get the point across they presented sermons, plays, and works of art in which St. Michael, who symbolized Christian virtues, was victorious over the devil, evil, darkness, and chaos. An example is the mock battle staged in heaven between St. Michael and Lucifer, represented as a serpent, which took place in Zapotlan, Jalisco in 1578 (Horcasitas 559).
In other dramas, the people of the new world were encouraged collectively to join the ranks of the faithful and fight under the banner of St. Michael. An example of the kind of teaching that influenced such allegiance is the theatrical event staged in Tlaxcala in 1539. By analogy, it explained the determination of the friars to end the practice of native religion in the New World and to establish the Christian faith in its place. The play depicted the expulsion of the idolatrous Moors from jerusalem. By large numbers of indigenous warriors having been cast in the role of Christian soldiers who fought under the command of St. Michael, as well as Santiago and San Hipolito (Horcasitas 505--09), Mesoamericans were presented as victorious over a system equated with their past traditions.
A similar theme is represented at the Augustinian mission of Ixmiquilpan in the valley of Mexico. According to Abelardo Carrillo y Gariel, the murals located on both sides of the nave portray a battle in which indigenous warriors under the direction of St. Michael, patron saint of the church, who presides from the altar, defeat the forces of evil and sin presented as imaginary monsters and nude humans (24). One example from the mural cycle represents a jaguar knight dressed in traditional Aztec costume, who has subdued a nude individual. Another may represent an unworthy soul held in the clutches of evil, represented as a serpent-like monster reminiscent of Pre-Columbian deities or metaphorical representations of spirits or forces often composed of composite animal forms. Although a specific interpretation of these scenes is impossible to determine, these mural segments must have served to convince the recently converted to follow the example of those who fought against evil under the leadership of St. Michael.
Militancy for a religious cause followed Mesoamerican traditions, since during pre-Hispanic times jaguar knights fought for captives who were offered as sacrificial victims to the sun. Since the responsibility for cosmic maintenance belonged to the aristocracy, the msot valiant warriors were the elite of society who trained for this grave duty as a penitential act, believing that if they died as a result of fighting they would be rewarded after death (Sahagun 3: 47--48; 6: 11--15). Throughout Mesoamerica, the need for sacrificial victims was sufficient incentive for warfare, and Aztec military leaders were respected and rewarded greatly for their military accomplishments (Hassig 37--47). Pre-Columbian art is filled with examples of military heroes such as the jaguar knights who appear in the mural paintings at Cacaxtal or the example from the Mixtec Codex Zouche Nuttall of a jaguar knigt holding his captive by the hair (83).
Ixmiquilpan is a rare example of the appropriation of visual themes from Pre-Columbian religion by the Christian church. By linking Christian teachings to past traditions, the friars made the new religion accessible to Mesoamerican people. Yet by doing so, they ran the risk that such metaphors would be misunderstood as a continuation of traditional ideology.
In the early evangelistic period in New Spain, the Last Judgment and threat of world destruction were viewed as powerful incentives to accept the new doctrine perhaps because indigenous religion predicted the end of the world (Burkhart, Slippery Earth 79). Since Baptism was the essential first step on the road to redemption, large baptismal fonts that could accommodate many people were important pieces of church equipment. The baptismal font at Zinacantepec is adorned with scenes of the Annunciation, the Flight to Egypt, the Baptism of Christ, and St. Michael, displaying scales and raised sword as he tramples the devil under foot. Here the miracle of Christ's birth and early life are followed by His baptism. The example set by Christ is reinforced by the image of Michael, who protects only select, Christian souls from the devil. The scene was intended as a warning that would convince indigenous people to accept this sacrament and follow Christian moral codes.
This was also the purpose of the most elaborately adorned set of processional chapels or posas found in New Spain, located in the atrium of the Franciscan convent of Culpan in the state of Puebla. Such structures, which often punctuate the corners of atrium enclosures, were used as stations where religious processions paused as part of their ritual activity. During such interludes, participants would have contemplated the sculpture of the facades in the order laid out by the designer of the posas. As John MacAndrew points out, the participant is eased into the message of the sculptural program by first visiting posas dedicated to the two compassionate intercessors, the Virgin and St. Francis, both closely associated with the painful death of Christ. This was followed by a third posa dedicated to St. Michael, which was adorned with a large scene of the Last Judgment in which the dead rise from their graves to be judged by the enthroned figure of Christ. On the other side of the structure there is a figure of St. Michael, who has pinned down the devil with his cross-topped rod. By wielding his sword and trampling the symbol of sin and damnation underfoot, he protects the worthy souls against evil forces as they journey to heaven (McAndrew 327--32 and right rear endpaper).
More violent scenes of the Last Judgment appear in mural paintings such as those found on the interior walls of the open chapel at Actopan, or the inferno scenes from the west wall of Santa Maria Xoxoteco (Gerlero 1011--18). Passion plays of the Last Judgment enacted throughout the sixteenth century included scenes of torturous treatment inflicted on those whom St. Michael and Christ deemed sinful. In an elaborate production enacted at Tlatelolco in 1531 or 1533, St. Michael explained judgment day and the frightening consequences of a life of sin. The damned were relinquished to the devil and punished while a priest told the audience that judgment day was eminent (Horcasitas 561--93; Burkhart, Slippery Earth 79--80).
The tremendous popularity of St. Michael during the seventeenth century in Mexico, I believe, is a result of the increasing importance of the saint as a protector of the righteous and of his diminished role as adversary of the wicked. This change in status and his broader appeal are attested by the cult of St. Michael that developed in Tlaxcala around the accepted site of his apparition.
In the spring of 1631, according to tradition, the Saint miraculously appeared near the Puebla-Tlaxcala border in the jurisdiction of Santa Maria Nativitas. He identified himself only to the Indian Diego Lazaro de San Francisco, whom he instructed to tell the citizens of his community that a spring, located in a local ravine flanked by hills, had miraculous curing powers available to the faithful.
Some time later, when Don Diego was sick and near death, the angel appeared again. Immediately St. Michael magically cured his fever and transported him to the ravine. By touching a spot he called "the place of our Lord" with his cross-topped golden rod, St. Michael identified the location of the sacred spring. The saint explained that many people would join the Christian faith and repent their sins after seeing miracles occurring at this site. The faithful and penitent, he added, would be relieved of their toils and needs, and would be cured of sickness (Baez 41--42).
Diego reported his story to the friar in charge of the Franciscan monastery of Santa Maria Nativitas. He, in turn, notified the Tlaxcaltecan cacique, Gregorio Nacianceno, who accused the Indian of lying about the well-known water source. When a series of miracles initiated a cult of St. Michael at the site, the bishop decided to visit the location. There he discovered a cross adorned with carnations and an image of St. Michael placed in a hand-burrowed hollow. In the late fall of the same year, the bishop recognized the cult by conducting mass at the site and authorizing the construction of a shrine and a small hostel for pilgrims. After visiting the hermitage in 1643, Bishop Palafox ordered that a larger, more substantial church be built along with a new hostel that would accommodate the growing numbers who traveled to the site. By the end of the seventeenth century, the legend was accepted church doctrine and the site was a major pilgrimage center recognized for its healing properties (Rojas 57--58).
Since caves and water are closely linked to the concepts of rejuvenation and continuance in indigenous religious practice, the curing, strengthening powers of water associated with St. Michael at this cave-like location must be rooted in Mesoamerican tradition. The fact that in at least one instance Michael was associated with curing and water in Europe (Clement 78) may be part of the reason he was so popular in the New World. Perhaps the water source at Santa Maria Nativitas had ancient significance, since the cacique knew of its existence. A visual example of the significance of water in Pre-Columbian tradition appears on page five of the Codex Zouche Nuttall where an image of Tlaloc pours water over a man dressed in an eagle costume in order to strengthen him (5). This Mesoamerican association between water and health affected the acceptance of baptism in early colonial Mexico. Perhaps because of traditional medicinal powers of water, indigenous people wanted the sacrament repeated many times and took containers of baptismal water to their homes (McAndrew 81; Burkhart, Slippery Earth 112). Two significant early cults of the Virgin established in Mexico, dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe and the Virgin of Ocotlan respectively, were associated with sacred springs and curing.
At the chapel of San Miguel del Milagro in Tlaxcala and elsewhere in Mexico during the seventeenth century, St. Michael is portrayed in art as a guardian figure. Rather than focusing on the defeat of the devil, most paintings emphasize the person or concept being aided or protected, such as the extremely popular Woman of the Apocalypse and the Virgin Mary. In the immense painting of the Assumption by Juan Correa of this theme located in the sacristy of the National Cathedral in Mexico City, St. Michael protects the ascending Virgin (illus. in Ruiz Gomar 1044).
Often Michael is portrayed as the captain general of the archangels. In painted examples, such as the one from the church of San Miguel in Xochitl, he is surrounded by the members of his force, each clearly identifiable by the attributes they hold. The European theme of the seven archangels was so popular in Mexico that a sumptuous chapel of the National cathedral was devoted to it. At the famous shrine of the Virgin of Ocotlan in Tlaxcala, Michael stands at the pinnacle of the facade while the other archangels guard strategic positions around the centrally located Virgin. In Oaxaca during the eighteenth century, the convent named Siete Principes was placed under the protection of the seven archangels.
Often in colonial Mexico, Michael stood alone as a devotional figure, sometimes rivaling the Virgin Mary in popularity, as a symbol of goodness and purity who protected the faithful against harm and sickness and who helped them achieve salvation. In this role, Michael sometimes stands on a cloud surrounded by angels, as on the facade of the parish church dedicated to St. Michael in Mexico City. Often, he displays a banner, cross, palm branch, or sword as a symbol of his victory. An example is the painting by Cristobal de Villalpando located in the parish church of San Pedro in Cholula.
In his broader Mexican role, St. Michael was credited with keeping away all forces of evil. In a seventeenth-century painting by Juan Correa, St. Michael as the defender of the church has driven Adam and Eve from the garden after they have fallen to temptation (illus. in Ruiz Gomar 1058). In a painting by Cristobal de Villalpando, Adam and Eve are presented in a different light. Once they are cleansed by the blood of Christ after the Crucifixion, St. Michael and other archangels serve as intermediaries, helping Adam, Eve, and their children achieve salvation (illus. in Miexico: Splendors of Thirty Centuries 337).
The relief of St. Michael that adorns the church of La Soledad is associated more directly with redemption through the Veil of Veronica that he holds, since it symbolizes Christ's passion. The theme of the sudarium or Veil of Veronica was introduced in Mexico early in the post-conquest period as a relic or icon of Christ. In a sixteenth-century mural from Huejotzingo, Puebla members of a flagellant procession display the veil and instruments of the passion as reminders of Christ's tremendous sacrifice. This relic of the suffering Christ serves to inspire the participants of such processions who flagellate themselves in imitation of His suffering and as punishment for their sins. This was a practice that was carried out in Oaxaca during the sixteenth century, at the site of the present church of La Soledad. Such flagellant processions are described in a late sixteenth-century document sent to the King of Spain by the Bishop of Oaxaca (Ledesma).
Images of the face of Christ from the Veil of Veronica that appear in the center of atrium crosses (Monteverde 143; Angulo Iniguez 274) link the sacrifice of Christ to the Mesoamerican concept of the death and transformation of the sun. Such monuments played a major role in the early evangelistic process since they stood at the focal point of large outdoor areas where thousands gathered to participate in religious ritual. An especially interesting example is located at the Augustinian monastery of Acolman in the central valley of Mexico (figure 4). The head of Christ and the foliated terminations of the crossarm transform the atrium cross into an animate, anthropomorphic being (Neumeyer 107). Like most atrium crosses of Mexico, the shaft is covered with instruments of the passion. The crossarm is adorned with foliate, floral, and swirling forms making it a symbol of a living tree similar to Pre-Columbian directional trees that end in trefoil foliation. The flowers must represent life and renewal as they do today (Laughlin 136--37). Together, the two arms represent life, death, and life out of death or rejuvenation.
Since during the sixteenth century the friars equated Christ with the sun and the antithesis of darkness (Burkhart, "Solar Christ"), this austere image of the face of Christ could double as an anthropomorphic image of the sun. This association is further strengthened by studying other atrium crosses. On some examples the face of Christ is surrounded by the crown whose thorns point outward like rays of the sun (Hunt 142). On others the crown contains an obsidian insert following a pre-Columbian custom of adding such a stone to give them the force of life (Garcia Granados 55--56). By explaining the concept of hell by association with the Mesoamerican underworld (Burkhart, Slippery Earth 51--55) the friars may have encouraged a relationship between Christ's descent before His resurrection and the Mesoamerican concept of the transformation of the sun in the bowels of the earth at night. If this is the case then the image in the center of the cross of Acolman may correspond to the renewal of the sun and to all life in general as well as to the Christian concept of everlasting life.
The central position of the face of Christ corresponds to the Mesoamerican fifth direction, a place of transition or transformation. The vertical shaft of the cross suggests the Mesoamerican avenue of passage that leads down to the navel of the earth or place of rejuvenation, rebirth, and purification (Elzey 321--27). The female figure at the bottom of the cross, who may be the Virgin of Solitude or Mary Magdalene (George Scheper, personal comunication), can be equated with metaphorical representations of the earth or fertility located at the base of Pre-Columbian directional trees. An example of a tree that grows from the earth personified as a female figure appears in Codex Borgia (53). In light of such analogies to Pre-Columbian concepts, this cross at Acolman makes reference to the indigenous belief that human sacrifice provided the energy for the renewal of the sun in the bowels of the earth.
The style and iconography of the seventeenth-century image of the face of Christ from the Veil of Veronica held by St. Michael on the church in Oaxaca are quite different from the probable European antecedent of the relief, the 1513 print by Albrecht Durer (Moreno Villa 27 and figure 5). In the European example, Christ's compassion and determination to save sinners through his sacrificial death are expressed through his vivid expression. In the Mexican relief, the face of Christ appears to float diagonally across the surface of the veil. I believe that His unfocused eyes and drooping half-open mouth express the idea that he is extremely dizzy, unconscious, or dead. To me, Christ appears as a sacrificial victim whose death and passion were painful and tragic. This corresponds with a description of a passion play performed in Mitla, Oaxaca in the 1930s in which the sudarium was imprinted with the face of Christ after his death (Parsons 273). It is also consistent with a Nahuatl play translated by Louise Burkhart in which the torture that Christ endured is emphasized as a necessary penitential act ("Nahuatl" 160).
This victimization of Christ, which is evident in many Mexican examples, parallels indigenous religion since Pre-Columbian gods were sacrificial victims. Aztec myth tells of Nanauatzin, a sick and syphilitic pauper, who burned himself alive before becoming the new sun, and of the deformed Xolotl, or Venus as the evening star who was sacrificed in order to put the new sun in motion (Seler 1: 55, 1: 133, 2: 45). Xipe Totec, an earth god, associated with the moon, young corn, rain, and fertility, was the supreme penitent and personification of victimization. At festivals held in honor of this god, a deity impersonator was tied to a cross or tree and shot with arrows (Torquemada 3: 416; Taube 331). The atrium cross belonging to the church of San Pedro Topiltepec located in western Oaxaca documents the analogy made during the colonial period between the Pre-Columbian ritual of arrow sacrifice and the death of Christ (figure 6). The sacrificial victim on the shaft of this cross is dressed in the guise of Xipe (Caso 178), and the image as a whole is more reminiscent of the depiction of arrow sacrifice in Codex Zouche Nuttall (83) than a European representation of the Crucifixion.
As a winged warrior associated with sacrifice, death, and transformation, the angel holding the veil has parallels in the Pre-Columbian tradition. Specifically the angel might be related to the Yahui or turtle fire serpent sacrificer (John Pohl, personal communication). This supernatural appears in the Mixtec Codex Selden dressed in turtle shell armor, offering a blood sacrifice to a sun deity located in a sky band above. In the Mixtec Codex Zouche Nuttall, he hovers above a coyte, as he holds the recently removed heart of the sacrificial victim in his clawed hand. There is a stucco relief of a yahui on the north wall of the late period 5 Zapotec tomb I at Zacchila. In this context, he is associated with deified ancestors, death, and transformation.
Warrior kings and valiant heroes figure in Mixtec and Zapotec legendary history. There is a contemporary illustration in the town hall of Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca that recounts a myth remembered today and recorded in the seventeenth century. It tells how a Mixtec warrior conquered the sun by shooting it at dusk, causing it to sink on the western horizon so that it would rise in the east at the beginning of the next day.
Mexican churches are filled with pitiful images of Christ that convey the message that His death was painful and tragic. At the church of Nuestra Senora de la Soledad in Oaxaca, the image of St. Michael holding the sudarium adorned with an image that depicts Christ's suffering indicates that St. Michael played a vital role in the events that led to salvation. Since the association between St. Michael and the sacrificial death of Christ seem uniquely Mexican, it is logical that the connection stems from the Pre-Columbian concept that the death of the sun is necessary for the continuation of life, as well as the sixteenth-century association in Mexico between Christ and the sun. By triumphantly holding a symbol of Christ's passion and death, the relief image of St. Michael that adorns the church communicates the belief that the archangel is a participant in the renewal of all life, which includes, by association, the rejuvenation of the sun.
This is certainly the message of modern religious belief recorded by Thomas Hinton among the Coras of Nayarit. In this area St. Michael is the morning star, a powerful spirit of the underworld who is descended from the god of the sun. Armed with bows and arrows, St. Michael kills the great serpent each day, allowing the sun to rise (37).
In the context of the Christian church, I believe that the didactic message of the angel holding the sudarium is that Christ's painful death is the ultimate weapon against the devil, sin, and temptation, which can stand in the way of salvation. The image of Michael with the sudarium evolved out of a colonial tradition, begun soon after the conquest, that was linked intentionally and coincidentally to the indigenous past. This legitimized the new religious doctrine, making it accessible to Mesoamericans. By embodying cultural memories that evolved over two centuries in New Spain, the relief transcended the limitations of European Catholicism, presenting a message that is subtly and uniquely Mexican. Because this garnering of European motifs was tempered by Pre-Columbian traditions as they persisted during the colonial period, it served to perpetuate the memory of Mesoamerican warfare and human sacrifice since these elements can be identified among the ingredients that compose the relief.
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CeBIT 2012: Call for Papers - Deadline Extended for Submissions
Please note, the deadline for submissions for the Open Source Forum has been extended to January 8, 2012.
Papers from interested contributors are welcome. Please send your proposals with the subject title, information about the speaker and a short content description to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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DESTREHAN, La. -- A fifth Destrehan High School football coach has been charged in connection with hacking into a website to gain information about South Lafourche High School football team's game plan, according to the Lafourche Parish Sheriff's Office.
Assistant Destrehan coach Lance Ledet, 40, of Madisonville, was the sixth person charged, said the sheriff's office, joining four other coaches Wayne Sentilles, of Montz, Daniel Laquet, of Luling, Greg Boyne, of Hahnville, and Ryan Fournier, of Larose. Fournier's girlfriend, Emily Guidry, was also charged.
The sheriff's office said each admitted to accessing a website to get the South Lafourche game plan ahead of a game with Destrehan. Destrehan won the game 49-24
All six were charged with offenses against intellectual property, said the sheriff's office.
'Detectives say Fournier and Guidry admitted to obtaining the login credentials to access South Lafourche's football account on the hudl.com website in order to access video of the team's football practices,' said a statement from the sheriff's office.
'Detectives say Fournier then shared those credentials with the four other Destrehan assistant coaches who also accessed the information and, through their own admission, used the information during last week's game against South Lafourche.'
Authorities said they have no evidence any other members of the coaching staff accessed the hudl.com account.
Penalties for the first offense of the crime include a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment for not more than six months, or both.


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Staff Reporter
BANGALORE: The Karnataka High Court on Wednesday stayed the corrigendum issued by the State Government relating to reservation of wards in 60 municipal bodies covering 13 districts, including Hubli-Dharwad, Gadag-Betageri and Chickballapur.
The court, however, clarified that it had only stayed the corrigendum gazetted by the State a week ago and that it had not stayed the election process.
Justice B.S. Patil passed the orders on petitions by voters of Hubli-Dharwad, Gadag-Betageri, Chickballapur and other local bodies. The petitioners had challenged the corrigendum issued by the State Government changing at the last minute the reservation of wards in their area.
The petitioners contended that the corrigendum had been passed arbitrarily and that there was no application of mind. They said the corrigendum was gazetted on September 7 even though the State had issued the final list of reservation of wards after calling for objections.
They assailed the action of the State and urged the court to stay the corrigendum.
Mr. Justice Patil initially stayed the corrigendum issued by the State in respect of Hubli-Dharwad, Gadag-Betageri and Chickballapur. He then stayed the corrigendum in all other municipal bodies after advocate for the State Election Commission (SEC), K.N. Phanindra, said corrigendum was issued in respect of 60 local bodies covering 13 districts.
Mr. Phanindra contended that if the court stayed the corrigendum only in respect of petitions that had come up before it, there would be problems as voters of other local bodies would file petitions seeking a stay on the same grounds.


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It's been a while since Michael Brewer has seen any game time action after injuring his back during the offseason. But on Saturday, the one time projected starter for this team entered the game in the fourth quarter to get a few reps to ease back into game speed.
Michael Brewer Makes 2013 Debut
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DiGregory's Greenhouse & Garden Center
We are here for you all year round. Whatever the season, you can rely on us. Spring - onion sets and cool weather vegetables. Summer - flowers and landscaping. Fall - mums, mums and more mums. Winter - cemetery decorations. All year round, we offer our fresh floral arrangements for any occasions.
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text: James Toney is a great fighter way past his prime. Which is to say that I don't think its totaly fair to look at this strictly from a sense of how a truely high caliber boxer could do in MMA with some ground prep. With that being said, it should be interesting. He is extremely tough I just can't get over his age. Better learn some ground defense James or your going to get choked out, fast.


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Secondary menu
We've all seen 'em around, on telephone poles and switcher boxes in big cities and small towns seemingly everywhere: the street art of Shepard Fairey. It all started back in the late 80s, when he and some friends from the Rhode Island School of Design created the now-iconic "Andre the Giant has a posse" stickers, which were distributed far and wide by devoted bands of skaters and aficionados. When the WWF threatened to sue Fairey and friends on behalf of the deceased wrestler, the now-famous "OBEY"... READ ON
It's primary time!!
Right about now, New Hampshire is an Amsterdam for political hopheads, like the California couple vacationing there not for the ski slopes but just to get their fix of political insanity.
Candidates, both serious and spurious, are crisscrossing the state in an effort to capture the hearts and minds of the more than 500,000 expected voters who will help decide their future "" John Edwards, who just squeaked past rival Sen. Hillary Clinton to nab the silver in Iowa, is... READ ON
On January 1, BBC News posted their list of 100 things we didn't know last year, a fun list of tidbits from around the world. By each tidbit, a "more details" link leads to a BBC story explaining it. Here are some favorites:
16. Chimpanzees make their own spears for hunting.
20. More than half (52%) of smokers haven't told their parents about their habit.
34. Kryptonite exists.
49. CDs were nearly called mini-racks.
62. Until the late 1990s, the RAF's nuclear bombs could be activated using a... READ ON
So many readers enjoyed the post 5 Famous Felines, I thought you might like some stories of other famous animals. Here are six of them.
1. Stubby the Military Dog.
Stubby wandered into the encampment and was adopted by the 102nd infantry of Massachusetts in 1917. When the infantry shipped out to Europe, Stubby was smuggled onto the ship bound for France. During World War I, Stubby kept watch and alerted the troops to German attacks. He was wounded by a hand grenade once and gassed several times. He... READ ON
It's time for another whimsical Tuesday Turnip search wherein I type a random phrase and we see what kind of interesting factoids "turn-up."
Today I typed in "eight in 10" unearthing the following curious tidbits:
Eight in 10 pastors' wives say they feel unappreciated or unaccepted by their husbands' congregations, according to surveys by the Global Pastors Wives Network (GPWN); the same number wish their husbands would choose another profession. "Wives' issues" is the No. 1 reason pastors... READ ON
Wired selects their favorites among small modular homes of the future.
Cases of Life Imitating The Simpsons. Either Matt Groening is psychic, or we live in a very weird world.
Remember the sustainable gingerbread house competition? Take a look at all 19 environmentally-friendly entries.
Hungry, Hungry Hamster. How much food can you possibly stuff in your cheeks?
The 61 Year Old Farmer Who Won the World's Toughest Race. He ran 875 kilometers from Sydney to Melbourne in five days... READ ON
If you're still sad about the Coney Island revamps and Astroland's swan song, here's something to rub in the melancholy a little. Last week, Wired commemorated January 4th, 1903, the day Thomas Edison decided he needed to electrocute an elephant to prove his point: that DC was superlative, AC atrocious.
Edison had established direct current at the standard for electricity distribution and was living large off the patent royalties, royalties he was in no mood to lose when George Westinghouse and Nicola... READ ON
In case you missed our first twenty-one volumes or the greatest hits edition, let me explain. Every Monday, we head into the archives of The New York Times to find first mentions worth mentioning. If you have a suggestion for next week, leave us a comment.
June 29, 1984
Satellite-to-Home Plan is Abandoned by CBS
CBS had hoped the systems would open new markets for specialty programming and for High Definition Television. This new technology, known as HDTV, enables viewers to see extraordinarily... READ ON
Congratulations to Meri, who successfully figured out the answer to edition #14 of our Weekend Genius Challenge:
Our question was to find the common link amongst these words:
bicentennial, hallucinogen, hitchhiker, reincarnation, unfamiliar.
The answer was that each word could be spelled using a string of atomic element symbols:
Bi + Ce + N + Te + N + Ni + Al
H + Al + Lu + C + In + O + Ge + N
H + I + Tc + H + H + I + K + Er
Re + In + Ca + Rn + At + I + O + N
Un + F + Am... READ ON
Nixon was speaking at Disney World when he famously declared, "I am not a crook."


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Go To: Consumer News
The holidays are over and you realize that you over-extended your already shaky finances. You receive either an e-mail, a letter in the mail, hear a radio ad or see a television commercial offering you a loan, regardless of your credit history, to help you consolidate your bills and get out of debt fast.
What do you do? If you are a savvy consumer, you delete the e-mail, throw the letter in the trash, and turn off the radio or television. You may also see these types of loan offers in the classified sections of the newspaper. Be wary of applying for loans where you call an 800, 877 or 866 area code. Be mindful that just because your local television, radio or newspaper airs or publishes these types of ads does not mean that the company placing the ad is legitimate or trustworthy.
If you investigate further, you'll find that the 'free' loan includes an upfront fee, sometimes ranging in the hundreds of dollars. These ads will say that the upfront fees are for processing your loan and credit checks. However, after you pay the fee, chances are you'll either receive nothing or a 'credit' card that can only be used for a certain company's products. This scam is called the 'advance-fee loan' scam and it is illegal in the United States.
No legitimate lender would require you to pay fees prior to receiving your loan. This is not to say that a legitimate lender would not charge you fees to get a copy of your credit report or for an appraisal, but these fees would be part of the total loan amount that you receive, or are payable at closing.
Another consideration to keep in mind is that a legitimate lender would never promise you a loan without first carefully reviewing your application and checking your credit report
There is never a quick credit fix. These unscrupulous scam artists prey on the elderly, the unemployed and those in dire financial straits. If you find yourself a victim of this scam, call the Federal Trade Commission at 1-877-FTC-HELP or file a complaint online. Keep in mind that these scam artists are usually working for an unscrupupous company.
Here's a checklist with some suggestions to help you avoid being victimized:
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Five-day Weather Forecast for Champaign, IL
A supercell thunderstorm triggered flooding in Rapid City, South Dakota, on June 1.This time-lapse video shows the storm's clouds swirling north of Rapid City in Black Hawk.
Cowboys and volunteers saved over 500 cattle stranded by flooding in Liberty, Texas, on Sunday, May 31. The herd was stuck on a 40 acre "island," created by rising waters of the Trinity River.
On Sunday, May 31, heavy rain flooded the Boston area. Trees toppled onto vehicles due to high winds.
Check out this footage a cell phone user got of a waterspout in Gulf Shores, Alabama.
In Newark, heavy rain and flooding has caused fish to swim out of overflown rivers. Some locals are placing them back to their homes while others see this as an opportunity for dinner.
Strong winds and rain affected rescue efforts in China Tuesday after a cruise ship carrying more than 450 sank overnight. It has killed at least five people.
June 3, 2015; 9:33 AM ET Heavy rainfall prompted flash flood warnings early in the afternoon on Tuesday, June 2. Streets became flooded pushing water in yards and homes as strong winds brought down tree limbs.
June 3, 2015; 9:12 AM ET It looked like something of a winter scene as pea-sized hail piled up in yards and lightning strikes lit up the sky after a stormed rolled through Henderson County Tuesday, June 2.
June 3, 2015; 8:35 AM ET Winds pushing out the the west-southwest. Relatively dry for the tournament so far. It has generally been a fast court speed so far. Weather conditions will benefit serve and volleyers and all-court players Wednesday.
June 2, 2015; 12:00 PM ET Watch the latest edition of AccuWeather LIVE from 12 p.m. EDT.


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continued She said without greater help on demolition expenses she's concerned people might walk away from their properties, which would turn them into "bug, disease infested properties." Also, lowering of property values for those not displaced was a concern.
Federal Emergency Management Agency representative Dave Stuflick explained FEMA doesn't demolish houses or directly provide funding for demolitions. The money given by FEMA can be used to repair or replace a home, but he said how the money is used by a recipient is up to the individual.
"It will not probably cover the demolition of your home," said Stuflick. "We don't get into the demolition, we leave it up to you to determine how you want to distribute that money.
Nilsen said she understood FEMA couldn't help out any further, but she asked if there was anything Rotterdam or Schenectady County officials could do to help.
Jaclyn Agostino, assistant to the Schenectady County manager, said the county hasn't developed a plan on how to do demolitions, but she thought it would be best to work in cooperation with the town. Rotterdam Supervisor Frank DelGallo said there is $100,000 available in the budget to be used for demolitions, but it won't "go very far."
Going a different route, Dan Hladik, of Isabella Street, asked about the possibility of a buyout on properties. He said there are several people from his street that don't know what to do.
Typically, said Stuflick, a municipality will buy the property, demolish the building and turn the land into open space. He said FEMA assists in funding the buyout, but doesn't facilitate it; federal funding would usually cover 75 percent of the expenses.
"The ball starts rolling at the community," Stuflick said about the buyout. "The community then has to assess what it wants to do."
"This is a gathering of community leaders. Who is going to stand up and take charge of everything?" Hladik replied
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Will Djokovic will 18 slams or more?
Will he more than ********?
he can easily win 40 , nadal is almost broke ,fed never know , murraa pathetic 7 years with 5 slams each can easily take him till 41 and he will be only 30
20 slams minimum
10 maximum.
hahahahaha...polling results!
When Federer was Djokovic's age (25 years 8 months), he had 10. Just two months later, he won his 11th, and two months after that he won his 12th. And Federer's game is far less physical than Novak's.
Barring a miracle, it's not happening. I don't think 12 is outside the realm of possibility, though.
"will Djokovic will....." wtf?
Whatever the thread question is,
17 slams and probably counting,- those are Godzilla-like numbers. I love Nole but sometimes you've got to acknowledge that some hurdles are just insurmountable.
IF he can win all 4 this year that could put him in position to attempt to challenge the slam record
Will posters please learn grammar and spelling? Maybe I'll start a poll...
He has a chance of surpassing Nadal, but I highly doubt his body will hold up long enough to win any more slams after that.
Look....surpassing Fed means your body has to hold up....
Lance, Rafa and the Scotsmans games are just too physical......
Unless they develop the ability to actually kill the ball before the 40th stroke of a rally they will surpass fed....
If Lance wants to do it got to tailor his regime perfectly....With testing to get more stringent soon dont see it happening. Without the juice or (gluten free) as he calls it I dont see his body holding up.......
Rafa well all he has to do is give up playing just come back each year and play the French open for the next 8 years and he will surpass fed............
Muzza mentally an infant
Mentally though in all seriousness the Djoker is the most toughest. The guy is Big Time. Clutch points , phases of matches he raises his games and goes for bigger shots.......
Mentally he is a giant.....Added with the juice the guy is unbeatable on a hard court
LOL at the poll results
for those who didnt get it: yea he will WILL 40 slams for sure.
Only about a 5% chance to win that many slams. He would need to either average 1.5 slams per year for the next 8 years, or average 2.5 slams per year for the next 4 years, then win another couple more after that at 29/30 and beyond. Not impossible, but extremely unlikely. I know this is a troll thread anyway though.
Players who've won three slams or more in one season during the Open Era:
A list of greats, to be sure. And there's many more ~ Agassi, Sampras, Lendl, Borg ~ who are absent, having never achieved that particular success. But the important thing to note is that Federer is the only one to have managed the feat more than once. There's too many people on this board who think that the last ten years is the be-all and end-all of tennis. It's not. Federer is, statistically, a tennis anomaly, hence how he has so many more major titles to his name than any of his rivals. Djokovic himself fulfilled a pattern I highlighted at the end of 2011: that players who win three slams in a year tend to win no more than one the following year.
There are things in Djokovic's favour compared to his predecessors: 32 seeds in a draw intead of 16, more homogenized surfaces, etc etc. But people talking about "if he wins all four this year..." or "if he wins three per year for the next five years..." are getting a wee bit carried away based on the flimsiest of evidence.
He's already 25, he's only [sic] got six slams to his name so far, and he has a very physical, strenuous style of play. And for all the hyperbole, can I point out that apart from his glory year in 2011 ~ which as I've pointed out he's statistically unlikely to repeat ~ he's never won a single slam anywhere outside Melbourne. So I think the Nole-haters should relax a little bit. He's getting nowhere near Roger's tally. Matching Nadal's going to be a push even if the Spaniard doesn't add to his slam count this year.
Well duh. He's gonna do AT LEAST 5 calendar slams.
Not everybody is murrican.
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Originally Posted by Milkymommi
Not all that fancy but after several other failed curriculum attempts we have found WONDERFUL results with Teach Your Child To Read In 100 Easy Lessons. I think when your child is ready it's an amazing tool. I just can't believe how well it works and with just a short 15 minute lesson each day. I whole heartedly recommend it.
Single Mom to 3 (12, 17 & 21) and .
Originally Posted by benjalo
IMO Four is simply too young for some brains to manage reading.
Originally Posted by LeftField
Anyway, what I didn't like about the Bob books was that, once I read them, he knew what the words said. So, he would "read" it the second time when, in fact, he was simply reciting what I had just read.
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Description: Lightweight aluminum chronograph watch.
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Material: Aluminum
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Filipinos may face death in Indonesia for drug smuggling
More News from Agence France-Presse
JAKARTA—Three Filipinos could face death penalty in Indonesia after being caught trying to smuggle methamphetamine with a street value of $2.1 million into the country, an official said Tuesday.
The trio were arrested last week with the 15.3-kilogram (33.7-pound) drugs haul after arriving from Hong Kong at the main airport serving the capital Jakarta, customs official Okto Irianto told reporters.
"They hid the crystal methamphetamine in 15 boxes of milk powder. Each brought five boxes in their suitcase," he said.
The trio, whose names were not released, allegedly carried the drugs — which the official said had a street value of $2.1 million — with them in their hand luggage.
The men, one aged in his 40s, one in his 50s, and the third 61, admitted having previously smuggled drugs into other countries, according to Irianto.
"They are professional couriers and this was their first attempt to smuggle drugs into Indonesia," Irianto said. Police are quizzing them to find out more details about the drug-smuggling gang they worked with.
They could face the death penalty if found guilty under Indonesia's tough drugs laws, Irianto said.
Foreigners are frequently arrested for attempting to smuggle drugs into Indonesia, including many on Bali who are held in the resort island's notorious Kerobokan prison.
On Monday Briton Lindsay Sandiford lost her first attempt to appeal a death sentence imposed in January after she was caught arriving in Bali carrying cocaine with an estimated street value of $2.4 million.
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Fleisch alfred
Fleisch, Alfred
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See: Fleisch pneumotachograph.
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One of the best customer service experiences I have had. Frank and his staff's handling of my vehicle repairs and dedication to quality set the standard for customer service. Frank made sure that I was well informed and updated regularly on the status and progress of the repairs. He ensured that the job was done right and that I was happy with the results. I would definitely recommend Service King, Frank and his staff to anyone who needs vehicle repairs. Thank you very much for a job well done.- Sven A. Service King Clarksville
Fast and expedient service, pleasure to do business with. Will always bring my car back!- John C. Service King Clarksville


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VA gets new tool to speed up claims processing, reduce backlog
DoD opens its electronic medical records to VA claims processors for the first time. The goal is to shave days or weeks from the time it takes VA to decide disability claims for recently separated service members. But the launch of the system has had a few bugs.
Tags: Technology , Health IT , Information sharing , VA , Defense Health Agency , House Veterans Affairs Committee , Dave Bowen , AFGE , Richard Thomas , Veterans of Foreign Wars , Eric Jenkins , Lorraine Landfried , Jared Serbu
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Host Derrick Dortch hosts a roundtable discussion of veteran's issues, with representatives from the Veterans of Foreign Wars.
January 11, 2013(Encore presentation January 25, 2013)
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College girl stranded in ocean for 16 hours
Posted By -NO AUTHOR- On 07/24/2013 @ 12:49 pm In Education,Health | No Comments
(NBCPHILADELPHIA) — Even for the most experienced swimmer, it's a nightmare scenario. Stranded in the middle of the ocean with no food and the blistering sun burning down on your face. Jelly fish and sting rays circling beneath your feet. That's what Heather Barnes had to deal with on Friday…for 16 hours.
The 20-year-old Deptford, N.J. native was visiting the islands of Cayos Cochinos on the northern shores of Honduras with other students from the New College of Florida. Barnes, an aspiring marine biologist, had been there for three weeks, snorkeling and studying. Friday marked her last day on the island.
"I couldn't sleep," she wrote on her Facebook page. "So I went to collect coral samples."
Barnes went out into the ocean around 4 a.m. That's when her trouble began.
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