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2013 Sandblast Rally - March 2 - SC
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jack splash
Two Sheds
Joined: Jun 2004
Location: Pt Pleasant, NJ USA
Oddometer: 2,359
Thanks Again!
Originally Posted by
Icecold Dan
Hey Jack, glad you had a good rally. I'm Dan, the guy on the Super Tenere. You were pretty close with "Drew" though. I was hoping to catch up with you again at Oslo's but I got there very late. You're directions for the gas can were spot on but I never could find those tie downs you mentioned...that's when the good mayor came into the picture.
Anyway, it was good to meet you. I had a great time at the rally and it wasn't until just now that I realized I was helping out a hometown guy. I was born in and spent most of my life in Long Branch. Glad I was able to help.
Dan: Thanks again for your and the Mayors help. Also Thanks to David Jansen.
Sorry I missed you at Oslo's, I was really tired and cold, it was getting late and there was no word on when the scores and trophys would be presented, so I went back to the motel.
If you back in your home town area and want to ride let me know.
The mayor was a really nice and helpful guy, he mentioned how much the Rally helps the community and wish they had more like it.
Andres: How about a Fall Sand Blast?
Stay dirty my friends!
Bigfoot has a picture of me!
jack splash
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text: Thompson Boxing Promotions returns to the Doubletree Hotel in Ontario, California on February 22 with newly signed super bantamweight Christopher "Marvelous" Martin (25-2-3, 8 KOs) facing Mexican veteran Jose Angel Beranza (35-25-2, 27 KOs) in a fight set for eight rounds for the vacant WBC US title. For Martin it's an opportunity for revenge as Beranza handed him his first career loss. "When Beranza and I last fought he surprised me with his timing. I expected him to come at me but I ended up having to chase him. He out boxed me and would hit and hold. I got frustrated. This time it's going to be different. I have been working on sitting down on my punches. I got stoppages in my last two fights and feel confident in my ability to walk away with the win. We're going to go hard for 8 rounds."

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'72 Yamaha DT250MX: Need forks/tubes
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Studly Adventurer
Joined: Jan 2011
Location: Summer: Kemiö, Finland; Winter: North Germany
Oddometer: 869
In case you want to save as much original parts as possible, the old stanchoins can be saved. The tubes will be straighten, the rust pittings and mines turned away and then rechromed to original diameter, (with a thicker hard chrome layer). There must be company's in the US that do this when we have them.
Or look up for complete front ends (forks with triple clamps) that are similar in fork length from likewise bikes of Yamaha. So you don't have to care about the diameter of the forks. In my experience most fronts end are interchangeable.
I mounted to my Yamaha TY 175 twinshock (modded to 200ccm) now the front end of a TY mono 250cc which was not so difficult, I just needed different bearings and an extra mount for the drum brake arm. (The frame is a NOS British Mick Whitlock mini Majesty frame from the beginning eighties, saves many pounds in weight).
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Ag PhD Newsletter
Ag PhD News is released in two editions – Eastern and Western. The Eastern Edition covers corn and soybean-growing areas of the central and eastern United States, while the Western Edition focuses on small grains and other crops grown primarily in the western half of the United States. Info on the latest edition can be found below.
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May 2015 Newsletter
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Bernard Donoughue, Baron Donoughue
Bernard Donoughue, Baron Donoughue (born 8 September 1934) is a British politician, academic, businessman and author.[1][2] His autobiography was published in 2003 (revised edition, 2004).
Early life and education[edit]
According to his autobiography, Donoughue was born into poverty. He is the son of Thomas Joseph Donoughue.[3] He was educated at Campbell Secondary Modern School[citation needed] and Northampton Grammar School.[4] He then studied at Lincoln College, Oxford,[4] where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1957.[citation needed] He then attended Nuffield College, Oxford, where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy[4] in 1963.[citation needed] He was also Heary Fellow at Harvard.[5]
Donoughue was a member of the editorial staff of The Economist in 1959 and 1960. He was senior research officer of the Political and Economic Planning Institute (which became the Policy Studies Institute in 1976[6]) between 1960 and 1963,[citation needed] and senior lecturer, at the London School of Economics (LSE) between 1963 and 1974.[1]
He became head of the Number 10 Policy Unit in 1974, under Prime Minister Harold Wilson.[7] He continued as head under Wilson's successor, James Callaghan, and he held the office until the defeat of the Labour Party in 1979.[8]
From 1979 to 1981, Donoughue was Development Director of the Economist Intelligence Unit, and in 1981 and 1982 assistant editor of The Times until his dismissal by Rupert Murdoch.[9]
Around this time, he was also one of the sources inside Whitehall used by the writers of the comedy series Yes Minister, the other one being Baroness Falkender.[10]:98
He was head of research and investment policy of Grieveson Grant and Co from 1982 to 1986 and head of international research and Director of Kleinwort Grieveson Securities Ltd from 1986 to 1988.[11] Following, Donoughue was executive Vice-Chair of LBI from 1988 to 1991, Director of Towcester Racecourse Ltd from 1992 to 1997 and is an Honorary Fellow of LSE.[12] He was a Visiting Professor of Government at LSE from 2000 to 2011/2012.[13]
Donoughue helped found the British Horse Industry Confederation in 1999[14][15] and was a Consultant Member until 2003.[2] He became Chairman of the Starting Price Regulatory Commission (SPRC) when it was founded in 2004 and as of 2013 was still in that role.[16] The SPRC is a non-profit organisation operating on a cost recovery basis that "is responsible for the integrity of the starting price (SP). The majority of bets on British horseracing struck with bookmakers in betting shops and other off-course outlets are paid out according to the SP. The job of the Commission is to ensure that the returned price accurately reflects the price available on-course at the off."[16]
Donoughue was also Chairman of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1979 to 1991, Patron from 1989 to 1995, and has been an Associate since 2000.[citation needed]
House of Lords[edit]
On 27 May 1985, he was created a Life Peer as Baron Donoughue of Ashton in the County of Northamptonshire.[2]
He was an Opposition Labour spokesman for Energy, Heritage and Treasury matters from 1991–92.[2] In 1997, Tony Blair appointed him a Junior Minister at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, in which role he served until 1999.[2]
Personal life[edit]
Donoughue was married to Carol Ruth Goodman from 1959 until their divorce in 1989; they have two sons and two daughters.[17] He married Lady Sarah Berry, widow of Sir Anthony Berry, in 2009.[18]
- Bernard Donoughue and Janet Alker. Trade Unions in a Changing Society. London: PEP, 1963.
- Bernard Donoughue. British Politics and the American Revolution: the path to war, 1773–75. London: Macmillan, 1964.
- W T Rodgers; Bernard Donoughue. The People into Parliament: an illustrated history of the Labour Party. London: Thames and Hudson, 1966.
- Bernard Donoughue and GW Jones. Herbert Morrison: Portrait of a Politician. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973. ISBN 9780297766056
- Bernard Donoughue. Prime Minister: Conduct of Policy Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, 1974–79. London: Jonathan Cape, 1987. ISBN 9780224024501
- Bernard Donoughue. The Heat of the Kitchen: an autobiography. London: Politicos, 2004.
- Bernard Donoughue. Downing Street Diary: Volume 1 – With Harold Wilson in No. 10. London: Jonathan Cape, 2004. ISBN 0224040227
- Bernard Donoughue. Downing Street Diary: Volume 2 – With James Callaghan in No. 10. London: Pimlico, 2009. ISBN 1845950941
- ^ a b Donoughue in Debrett's People of Today
- ^ a b c d e Donoughue Profile at the House of Lords website
- ^ "Donoughue, Lord, Baron Bernard, Life Peer", International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who, Brill Publishers, 2013.
- ^ a b c The Baron Donoughue, Burke's Peerage
- ^ [1]
- ^ About PSI Office Page
- ^ Roy Hattersley for The Observer, 9 July 2005. "No one likes a sneak"
- ^ Dennis Kavanagh for The Telegraph, 29 May 2003. "Some unfinished business at No 10"
- ^ Harold Evans. Good Times, Bad Times. Atheneum (1984). Chapters 12–13.
- ^ Jonathan Lynn. Comedy Rules: From the Cambridge Footlights to Yes, Prime Minister. Faber & Faber, Aug 18, 2011 ISBN 9780571277971
- ^ Staff, Interview in Marxism Today, November 1987 City Strategies
- ^ LSE List of Honorary Fellows
- ^ Archived 20 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine —Mile End Group at Queen Mary, University of London (archived)
- ^ BHIC About Us Page
- ^ Lords' Hansard 13 May 1999 : Column 1289
- ^ a b Staff, Starting Price Regulatory Commission, June 2012. Starting Price Regulatory Commission Report 2011
- ^ Goodman entry in thepeerage.com
- ^ Andy McSmith for The Independent. 24 October 2009. "Village people: 24/10/2009"


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Gisele Bundchen is not letting the fact that she's pregnant put a halt to her modeling career.
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The invasion associated marker (iam) has been detected in the majority of invasive Campylobacter jejuni retrieved from humans. Furthermore, the detection of iam in C. jejuni isolated from two important hosts, humans and chickens, suggested a role for this marker in C. jejuni's colonization of multiple hosts. However, no data exist regarding the occurrence of this marker in C. jejuni isolated from non-poultry food-animals such as cattle, an increasingly important source for human infections. Since little is known about the genetics associated with C. jejuni's capability for colonizing physiologically disparate hosts, we investigated the occurrence of the iam in C. jejuni isolated from cattle and assessed the potential of iam-containing cattle and human isolates for chicken colonization and human cell invasion.
Simultaneous RAPD typing and iam-specific PCR analysis of 129 C. jejuni isolated from 1171 cattle fecal samples showed that 8 (6.2%) of the isolates were iam-positive, while 7 (54%) of human-associated isolates were iam-positive. The iam sequences were mostly heterogeneous and occurred in diverse genetic backgrounds. All iam-positive isolates were motile and possessed important genes (cadF, ciaB, cdtB) associated with adhesion and virulence. Although certain iam-containing isolates invaded and survived in INT-407 cells in high numbers and successfully colonized live chickens, there was no clear association between the occurrence, allelic sequence, and expression levels of the iam and the aforementioned phenotypes.
We show that the prevalence of iam in cattle C. jejuni is relatively lower as compared to isolates occurring in humans and chickens. In addition, iam was polymorphic and certain alleles occur in cattle isolates that were capable of colonizing and invading chickens and human intestinal cells, respectively. However, the iam did not appear to contribute to the cattle-associated C. jejuni's potential for invasion and intracellular survival in human intestinal cells as well as chicken colonization.
Keywords:Campylobacter jejuni; Cattle; Invasion; Host colonization; Invasion associated marker (iam)
Campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause a variety of infections in humans [1]. Additionally, C. jejuni colonizes important food-animals such as chicken and cattle, which together constitute an important source for human infections with this pathogen [2]. Although C. jejuni can occur in multiple hosts, it is more readily transmissible within species [3]. Once established in a new host, C. jejuni has a remarkable capacity for acquiring genetic material that facilitates adaptation to the host environment [3]. Efficient host colonization can be essential in pathogenesis mechanisms, including host cell invasion and associated sequelae [4]. Furthermore, numerous studies, using live chicken models and in vitro human cell lines, have suggested multiple genetic determinates that are important in C. jejuni's host colonization [4,5]. However, little is known about genetic factors that might be important for C. jejuni's adaptation to multiple hosts, which is important since the broad host range of C. jejuni complicates on-farm control measures aimed at decreasing its transmission to humans.
An important factor in C. jejuni's host colonization is its capability to attach to- and/or invade epithelial cells in the host's gastrointestinal tract [6]. Yet, different strains of C. jejuni display varying capacities for cellular adherence and invasion, which could be attributed to the presence, absence and/or acquisition of certain genetic determinants that contribute to the pathobiology of this bacterium [7,8]. Although invasion and host adaptation are influenced by the interaction of multiple genetic factors, several individual components, including outer-membrane proteins and secreted antigens can impact C. jejuni's adherence to and invasion of enterocytes [7,9,10]. Of particular interest is the invasion associated marker (iam) that was significantly associated with invasive Campylobacter [11]. This marker was discovered using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis that identified a diagnostic DNA band (1.6 Kb) containing a genetic element (designated later as iam). Although specific PCR analysis showed that the iam was observed in 63% of the invasive isolates retrieved from diarrheic children, the marker was not detected in every potentially invasive isolate and occured in a low percentage of the non-invasive ones. Consequently, it was concluded that mutations/allele variations might have impacted both the detection of the marker and its role in mediating the invasion [11]. However, these assumptions were not tested further and the role of iam in C. jejuni's invasion and adaptation to hosts, whether humans or animals, has not been fully investigated. The limited data available suggest that the occurrence of the iam in C. jejuni might be both dependent on the characteristics of the human population understudy and associated sources of infection [12,13]. The latter is important since the majority of Campylobacter isolated from chicken carcasses, an established source for Campylobacter infections, also possessed the iam [13,14], which suggests that the iam might play a role in the transmission of Campylobacter and/or its adaptation to different host(s). Since no data are available concerning the occurrence of iam in C. jejuni isolated from other hosts, the aforementioned conclusion regarding the iam association with multiple-host colonization needs further analysis. Consequently, it was important to investigate the occurrence of iam in C. jejuni from other important sources such as cattle [15-17] and test their potential for colonization of humans and chickens, respectively. If iam is associated with C. jejuni's potential for colonization of multiple hosts, this would facilitate understanding the interactive impact of major animal sources such as chicken and cattle in the transmission of Campylobacter. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of the iam in C. jejuni isolated from cattle (n = 1171) and determined the association of this element and its alleles with the pathogen's invasion potential of a human intestinal cell line and colonization of 1-day old chickens.
Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from cattle and human samples
Fecal samples (n = 1171) were collected from cattle at 4 geographic locations (North, Mid-West, East, South) across the U.S. To isolate C. jejuni, 1 g of each fecal sample was enriched in Preston broth for 48 h at 42°C under microaerobic conditions (5% O2, 10% CO2, and 85% N2). From the enrichments that showed growth, an inoculum (100 μl) was spread onto modified Cefoperazone Charcoal Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA) plates, which were then incubated for an additional 48 h at 42°C under microaerobic conditions [18]. Colonies exhibiting typical Campylobacter phenotype (flat and grey with metallic sheen) were selected from the plates and subjected to species-specific PCR analysis to confirm their identity [19,20]. The size of the PCR products was determined using a 1 Kb DNA ladder and detection was confirmed by comparison to a PCR product generated from a C. jejuni 81-176 (wild-type strain), which was used as a positive control in all PCR analysis. Negative controls (reactions with no DNA templates) were included in all PCR analysis to ensure specific product amplification.
Additional C. jejuni isolates from human hosts were acquired from a medical center (The Ohio State University). These isolates represented different sporadic human infections and their identity was further confirmed using the aforementioned PCR analysis.
Detection of iam using RAPD typing and PCR
To determine if the C. jejuni originating from cattle and human samples carried the iam locus (a diagnostic 1.6 Kb band), all isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting using RAPD analysis as described in Carvalho et al. [11]. RAPD-PCR products were then analyzed using 1.4% agarose gels, containing 0.5 μg/ml of ethidium bromide. RAPD fingerprints were documented and dendrograms were constructed using BioNumerics 5.1 software (Applied Maths, Inc, USA).
C. jejuni isolates that carried the iam locus as identified by the RAPD fingerprinting were tested to further confirm the presence of the iam locus. This was achieved using PCR analysis to detect a 518-bp DNA fragment inside the 1.6 kb band that was earlier identified as the iam locus by RAPD fingerprinting as described in Carvalho et al. [11].
Detection of virulence-associated genes using PCR
C. jejuni isolates that were identified as iam-positive using both RAPD and iam-specific PCR analysis, hereafter referred to as the iam-positive C. jejuni, were screened for genes that are important in the pathobiology of this pathogen. Specifically, PCR analysis was performed for the detection of the cadF (Campylobacter adherence factor), ciaB (Campylobacter invasion antigens), and cdtB (cytolethal distending toxin) genes as described elsewhere [10,21,22]. Genomic DNA from C. jejuni strain 81-176 was used as a positive control, while negative controls contained the PCR reagent mix with no DNA templates.
Motility assay
To establish that iam-positive C. jejuni were putatively capable of host invasion and colonization, it was important to establish that the isolates were not defective in motility. For this purpose, the motility of the iam-positive C. jejuni was tested using semi-solid (0.4%) Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar plates as described previously [23]. The diameter of the zone of motility was measured and compared to that of C. jejuni 81-176 (positive control). The motility assays were repeated twice for each isolate, which were also tested in duplicates per each assay.
In vitro cell invasion and intracellular survival assay using human epithelial cell lines (INT-407)
The human intestinal cell invasion assays were performed using iam-negative and iam-positive C. jejuni isolated from both cattle and humans. For this purpose, 105 cells ml-1 of INT-407 (human embryonic intestine, ATCC CCL 6) were seeded into each well of a 24-well tissue culture plates in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM, Fisher scientific, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Fisher scientific, PA, USA). The plates were then incubated at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 until semi-confluent mono-layers were obtained [24,25]. For infection with C. jejuni, the INT-407 mono-layers were washed three times and covered in MEM supplemented with 1% FBS. Similarly, the C. jejuni cultures were washed three times and suspended in MEM supplemented with 1% FBS to obtain 107 bacteria ml-1. One ml of bacterial suspension was added to each well containing the INT-407 semi-confluent monolayer, achieving a 1:100 multiplicity of infection (MOI). After 3 h of incubation, cells were treated with gentamicin (150 μg ml-1) for 2 h to inhibit the bacteria that did not invade the cells. The infected mono-layers were washed with 1× PBS, lysed using 0.01% Triton X-100 and serially diluted (10-fold) in 1× PBS. One hundred μl of each dilution were spread on MH agar plates. The agar plates were then incubated for 48 h at 42°C under microaerobic conditions, after which colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Each isolate was tested in duplicate per assay, while the experiment was repeated twice on separate occasions. C. jejuni 81-176 and NCTC11168 were used as controls in all invasion assays. A negative control that consisted of a well containing only INT-407 with no bacteria was processed in parallel to the infected monolayers.
For the intracellular survival assays [26], Campylobacter cultures and the INT-407 cells were processed as described above. However, after treatment with gentamicin, the monolayers were covered with MEM containing 1% FBS and gentamicin (10 μg ml-1) and incubated for additional 24 h at 37°C. Then the monolayers were washed three times with MEM containing 1% FBS, lysed and processed as described above. The number of viable intracellular bacteria was determined by counting CFUs.
Phylogenetic analysis of the iam alleles
To determine if the iam sequences were heterogeneous and examine relationships between the iam occurring in cattle C. jejuni isolates and those from human samples, the 518 bp iam fragments were sequenced and subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. Briefly, iam-specific PCR products were purified using the QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, CA, USA) and commercially sequenced (Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, OARDC, OH, USA). The identity of the sequences was confirmed by BLAST analysis. The sequences were then exported to MEGA4 software [27], aligned and analyzed. The phylogenetic tree was drawn using the Neighbor-Joining method to determine the evolutionary relationship among the sequences. The iam sequences that were analyzed in this work were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: HM533957-HM533968, JF927289-JF927291 and HQ317917.
Expression analysis for the iam using quantitative real-time PCR (q-RT PCR)
Quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was used to investigate an association between the expression of iam and the phenotypes of the cattle-associated C. jejuni. The q-RT PCR primers (Table 1) targeted iam conserved sequences, which were determined by multiple alignment of the iam alleles using ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/ webcite). In order to ensure the detection of expression of different alleles, two sets of q-RT PCR primers were designed to target different fragments of the iam using Beacon Designer 7.0 software (Premier Biosoft International, Palo Alto, CA). A third set of q-RT PCR primers (Table 1) was specifically constructed to target the iam of the hyper-invasive C. jejuni 81-176. Total RNA was extracted (RNeasy Mini kit, Qiagen) from the iam-containing strains and two iam-negative strains, which were included as controls. Subsequently, cDNA was synthesized (SuperScript III First-Strand Synthesis SuperMix, Invitrogen) and used for q-RT PCR (SensiMixPlus SYBR RT-PCR kit, Quantance) in a Mastercycler ep realplex2 thermal cycler (Eppendorf). The q-RT PCR analysis was repeated three times with two replicates in each assay and threshold cycle (CT) values for each sample were then averaged to represent the expression levels of the iam.
Table 1. List of primers used in this study
Typing of iam- positive C. jejuni using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
To determine the relatedness and diversity of genomic backgrounds of iam-positive C. jejuni, these isolates from cattle and human samples were analyzed using PFGE as described by Ribot et al. [28]. The resulting PFGE patterns were documented and analyzed using the BioNumerics 5.1 software (Applied Maths Inc, TX, USA). Similarity and clustering analysis of the PFGE patterns were performed using the Dice Coefficient and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages, UPGMA (optimization of 1% and position tolerance of 1.5%), respectively.
In vivo chicken colonization assay
iam-positive C. jejuni were selected for in vivo chicken colonization assays based on iam-sequence type and the iam expression profile. Subsequently, Bov-6 was selected to represent Bov-9, Bov-10, and 11 (Figure 1), while Bov-9 was excluded because it did not express the iam product. One day-old chicken (specific pathogen free) were divided into groups, each containing seven birds. Before the experimental infection, the chickens were confirmed to be Campylobacter free by testing cloacal samples collected from each individual. Groups were divided to simultaneously test iam-positive isolates versus iam-negative ones and isolates from human hosts versus those from cattle. Subsequently, C. jejuni isolates were suspended in MH broth to achieve an OD600 of 0.04 and individual chickens in each group were inoculated orally with 200 μl of the suspensions (~2 × 105 CFU), respectively. Seven days post-inoculation, the chickens were euthanized and the caeca were aseptically collected, weighed, and homogenized in 1X PBS (pH 7.4). The caecal extracts were serially diluted (10-fold) and 100 μl from each dilution were spread onto MH agar plates supplemented with SR117E (Oxoid, KS, USA), a Campylobacter selective supplement. The plates were then incubated at 42°C under microaerobic conditions for 48 h and the number of CFU/g of caecal contents was calculated to determine the colonization capability of the C. jejuni isolates. The chickens were cared for according to the guidelines of the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).
Figure 1. Dendrogram showing the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile for the iam-positive C. jejuni. H-9 and H-13 could not be typed using PFGE. Numbers on the nodes represent the Cophenetic correlations. Virulence genes detected by PCR in iam-positive C. jejuni were included for adjacent to the corresponding PFGE profile.
Statistical analysis
Data were presented as means ± standard error (SE) and assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's significance test. A P value of < 0.05 was used to indicate if differences were statistically significant.
Results and discussion
A total of 129 C. jejuni were isolated from fecal samples (n = 1171) collected from cattle in 4 geographic locations (North, South, Midwest, East) in the U.S. Additionally, 13 C. jejuni isolates were acquired from different sporadic human infections. The identity of the C. jejuni isolates was confirmed using PCR. RAPD analysis was performed as described by Carvalho et al. [11] and showed that 10.8% of the cattle isolates possessed the 1.6 Kb DNA band that potentially harbors iam as compared to 54% of the human isolates. Furthermore, iam-specific PCR [11] showed that 6.8% of the cattle isolates were iam-positive as compared to 54% of the human isolates. Randomly selected isolates that did not show the 1.6 Kb band after RAPD analysis were also observed to be iam-negative using iam-specific PCR analysis. The discrepancy between the RAPD and the PCR results for the cattle isolates was not surprising since, as suggested by Carvalho et al. [11], the PCR primers might not necessarily detect iam mutated fragments/alleles. Additionally, mutations might spuriously give rise to a 1.6 Kb band that can be mistaken for the iam locus. Therefore, in order to limit iam false-positives that might be detected using either method, we selected isolates that possessed both the 1.6 Kb fragment and the iam-PCR product, referred to as iam-positive strains, for further analysis.
The iam-positive cattle isolates and 2 iam-positive human isolates (H-5, H-7) were assessed for their capability to invade and survive in human intestinal cells (INT-407) [5,29]. Two iam-negative cattle isolates (Bov-1, Bov-5) and 2 iam-negative human isolates (H-1, H-4) were used for comparison. Although all the iam-positive strains were motile on semi-solid Mueller-Hinton agar (data not shown), our results show that 5 (Bov-2, 3, 6, 7, and 10) of the iam-positive cattle isolates invaded INT-407 with numbers higher than those of C. jejuni NCTC11168. Additionally, two isolates (Bov-7 and Bov-10) were also more invasive as compared to the C. jejuni 81-176, a highly invasive strain (Figure 2A). Furthermore, 4 of the iam-positive cattle isolates (Bov-2, 3, 6, and 7) exhibited either equivalent or higher capacity for intracellular survival in INT-407 as compared to C. jejuni 81-176 (Figure 2B). In contrast, independent of the occurrence of the iam, all tested human isolates exhibited significantly decreased capacity for invasion and intracellular survival in the INT-407 cell line as compared to C. jejuni 81-176 (Figure 2A and 2B). Consequently, the occurrence of the iam in the cattle and human isolates did not seem to confer any clear advantage in terms of invasiveness and the intracellular survival potential in the human cell line. However, since the iam was previously detected in 16% of non-invasive Campylobacter [11], Carvalho et al. [11] speculated that the non-invasive strains might carry a mutated variant of this marker and that different iam alleles might result in discrepancies in the invasion potential of disparate C. jejuni strains. This is plausible since allelic variations in other targets were also suggested to impact the virulence of different strains [7,30].
Figure 2. Interaction of iam-containing C. jejuni with a human intestinal epithelial cells (INT-407). A. C. jejuni invasion potential of human INT-407 cells. B. Intracellular survival of C. jejuni isolates in INT-407 cells. Bov-1, Bov-5, H-1, and H-4 are iam-negative C. jejuni used for comparison with iam-containing isolates. C. jejuni 81-176 and NCTC11168 are wildtype strains used as controls. Data were log transformed and presented as mean ± SE (standard error). Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05.
Genomic analysis of the iam sequence deposited by Carvalho et al. [11] showed that the iam encodes an ABC transporter (Table 2). This is important since potential virulence factors, including surface structures such as transporters, are predicted to harbor much of the genetic diversity that characterize disparate C. jejuni strains [3]. Interestingly, the iam was only 84% and 83% similar to sequences harbored in C. jejuni 11168 and 81-176, respectively (Table 2) and 86% similar to sequences [Genbank:HQ317917] that occurred in a newly sequenced cattle isolate; C. jejuni JL11 [31], which highlights the polymorphism of this marker. To further examine the extent of sequence polymorphism in the iam occurring in cattle C. jejuni isolates, we sequenced the 518 bp iam fragment. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that only 4 cattle isolates (Bov-6, 10, 11, and 12) shared the same iam sequence type, while the other iam sequences from cattle and humans were heterogeneous, clustering in groups that mostly contained iam-isolates from both hosts (Figure 3A). Interestingly, the cattle isolates with identical iam sequences (Bov-6, 10, 11 and 12), did not exhibit similar invasion and intracellular survival properties in INT-407 cells (Figure 2A and 2B), which suggested that there were no clear associations between an iam sequence type and the aforementioned phenotypes. Furthermore, the iam also did not appear to affect the invasion and intracellular survival potential in the tested human strains, as both iam-positive and iam-negative isolates showed similar properties, respectively.
Figure 3. The evolutionary relationship between iam sequences and the expression profiles of the iam locus in cattle- and human isolates. A. The evolutionary relationship between iam sequences detected in C. jejuni isolated from human and cattle samples. The tree was drawn to scale using the Neighbor-Joining method. The percentage of replicate trees in which the iam sequences clustered together in the bootstrap test (10000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. B. Expression of iam as determined using qRT-PCR analysis. Bov-1 is an iam-negative strain. Wildtype strains (C. jejuni 81-176 and NCTC11168) that harbor the iam were also included for comparison with iam-containing cattle isolates. The data represented was collected using the primer set iam1; however, set iam2 resulted in similar results (data not shown). Expression in iam-negative strains was not detectable even after 35 cycles of amplification.
Table 2. Analysis of the iam marker using the BLAST algorithm.
It is possible that the presence of iam gene sequences might not be necessarily associated with the expression of its products, which might explain the lack of an apparent relationship between iam and invasiveness. Therefore, the expression of the iam was assayed for the cattle isolates using q-RT PCR, which showed that the expression levels of the iam varied between the strains (Figure 3B). Bov-3 and Bov-6 with low iam expression levels and Bov-9 with no detectable expression were still capable of invading and surviving in INT-407 cells (Figure 2A and 2B). Although isolates (Bov-7 and Bov-10) with iam expression similar to that of C. jejuni 81-176 exhibited high invasion and intracellular survival potential, isolates with relatively the highest iam expression (Bov-11 and 12) did not possess the highest capacities for the aforementioned phenotypes. Since iam expression properties in the tested isolates were consistent using two sets of q-RT PCR primers (data not shown), it was concluded that the expression of iam did not seem to confer any clear advantage in terms of invasion and intracellular survival.
The virulence traits of C. jejuni might likely be affected by the interaction of several genetic elements [9,10,30]. Hence, the role of the iam in the pathobiology of C. jejuni, if any, would likely depend on other factors (e.g. flagella, adhesins), which in turn might need to occur in specific allelic sequences to mediate their impact. It was interesting to note that the pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the genotypes of the iam-positive strains were mostly diverse (Figure 1). This indicated that the iam is occurring in diverse genotypic backgrounds that, along with the iam sequence heterogeneity, might impact the role of this locus in the pathobiology of C. jejuni. Subsequently, it was important to investigate whether the iam-containing isolates harbored genes that are commonly associated with C. jejuni adherence and virulence in order to ensure that our observations can be attributed to iam and not other genetic defects. Subsequently, PCR analysis showed that the iam-containing isolates carried the cadF, ciaB, and cdtA genes (Figure 1) that are important for C. jejuni pathogenesis [9,10,12]. Since many of the tested isolates were not defective in invasion of INT-407 cells, PCR detection of the aforementioned virulence genes was satisfactory to further confirm that the iam-containing isolates did not appear to be deficient in genes that might be important for attachment and invasion of INT-407 cells.
We examined if there was a potential impact for the iam in C. jejuni's colonization of chickens. Out of 5 iam-containing cattle isolates tested, only one (Bov-2) colonized the chickens with numbers that were significantly higher than those of the iam-negative strains (Figure 4). Bov-7 that exhibited relatively high expression of the iam was not detected in the chickens (Figure 4). Selected human isolates colonized the chickens in similar numbers, regardless of the presence or absence of iam. Therefore, the occurrence and expression of iam apparently did not contribute to the chicken colonization potential of C. jejuni.
Figure 4. Chicken colonization with C. jejuni isolated from cattle and human hosts. Results were represented as means of CFU g-1 of caecum retrieved from at least six chicks per isolate tested. Bov-1, Bov-5, H-1, and H-4 are iam-negative C. jejuni used for comparison with iam-containing isolates. C. jejuni 81-176 and NCTC11168 were used as controls. Data were log transformed and presented as mean ± SE (standard error).
Carvalho et al. [11] only correlated the occurrence of the iam in a certain number of invasive C. jejuni using typing techniques, while acknowledging the existence of the marker in a relatively smaller percentage of non-invasive strains. Our analysis was more rigorous and included attempts to associate the iam with several important phenotypes. We report that the iam does not necessarily contribute to invasion and survival in human intestinal cells or colonization of chickens. Subsequently, the use of the iam as a virulence determinant in epidemiological studies (e.g. references 11-14) might be potentially misleading and might require reevaluation. However, it must be noted that despite our extensive sampling efforts, only a limited number of iam-containing C. jejuni were isolated in this study. This small number of isolates tested in this study necessitates a cautious interpretation of the data regarding the contribution of iam to invasive properties of C. jejuni. This can be clarified using alternative approaches such as testing deletion mutants of this marker in future experiments.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: IIK YMS GR. Performed and analyzed the experiments: YMS IIK ZL GR. Wrote the paper: IIK, YMS, GR. Reviewed, edited and approved manuscript: IIK YMS GR JL JTL. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.
Research in Dr. Rajashekara's laboratory is supported by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, and the USDA grant 2007-03109. Yasser M. Sanad is supported by a PhD scholarship from the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education.
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Randomized Phase II Trial of Rituximab With Either Pentostatin or Bendamustine for Multiply Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia
Basic Trial Information
Trial Description
Further Study Information
--To determine if pentostatin + rituximab and bendamustine + rituximab are each associated with adequate response rates (ORR=PR+CR) in patients with relapsed HCL, and, if so, to select which combination is likely to be superior.
cycle 2) 28 patients to pentostatin 4 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 of each cycle.
Initial tolerability study: 12 patients receive rituximab + bendamustine (nonrandom), including 6 at 70 mg/ m(2) and 6 at 90 mg/ m(2) of bendamustine.
Eligibility Criteria
184.108.40.206. Evidence of HCL by flow cytometry of blood, confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, including positivity for CD19, CD22, CD20, and CD11c. Patients with flow cytometry consistent with HCL variant (HCLv) are eligible, including those with CD25 and/or CD103 negative disease.
188.8.131.52.BMBx consistent with HCL, confirmed by NIH Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, or the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH.
126.96.36.199. Treatment indicated based on demonstration of at least one of the following no more than 4 weeks from the time of enrollment, and no less than 6 months after prior cladribine and no less than 4 weeks after other prior treatment, if applicable.
Neutropenia (ANC less than 1000 cells/microl).
Anemia (Hgb less than 10g/dL).
Thrombocytopenia (Plt less than 100,000/microl).
Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of greater than 5,000 cells/microL
Symptomatic splenomegaly.
Enlarging lymph nodes greater than 2cm.
Repeated infections requiring oral or i.v. antibiotics.
184.108.40.206. One of the following:
At least 2 prior courses of purine analog
1 prior course of purine analog plus greater than or equal to1 course of rituximab if the response to the course of purine analog lasted less than 1 year.
22.214.171.124. ECOG performance status (100) of 0-3
220.127.116.11. Patients must be able to understand and give informed consent.
22.214.171.124. Creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 or creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 ml/ml.
184.108.40.206. Bilirubin less than or equal to 2 unless consistent with Gilbert s (total/direct greater than 5), ALT and AST less than or equal to 3 x upper limits of normal.
18.104.22.168. No other therapy (i.e. chemotherapy, interferon) for 4 weeks prior to study entry, or cladribine for 6 months prior to study entry.
22.214.171.124. Age at least 18
22.214.171.124. Men and women of reproductive potential must agree to use an acceptable method of birth control during treatment and for twelve months after completion of treatment.
188.8.131.52. Presence of active untreated infection
220.127.116.11. Uncontrolled coronary disease or NYHA class III-IV heart disease.
126.96.36.199. Known infection with HIV, hepatitis B or C.
188.8.131.52. Pregnant or lactating women.
220.127.116.11. Presence of active 2nd malignancy requiring treatment. 2nd malignancies with low activity which do not require treatment (i.e. low grade prostate cancer, basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer) do not constitute exclusions.
18.104.22.168. Inability to comply with study and/or follow-up procedures.
188.8.131.52. Presence of CNS disease
22.214.171.124. Patients with history of non-response to both pentostatin plus rituximab and to bendamustine plus rituximab.
184.108.40.206. Receipt of a live vaccine within 4 weeks prior to randomization. Efficacy and/or safety of immunization during periods of B-cell depletion have not been adequately studied. It is recommended that a patient s vaccination record and possible requirements be reviewed. The patient may have any required vaccination/booster administered at least 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment. Review of the patient s immunization status for the following vaccinations is recommended: tetanus; diphtheria; influenza; Pneumococcal polysaccharide; Varicella; measles, mumps and rubella (MMR); and hepatitis B. Patients who are considered to be at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and for whom the investigator has determined that immunization is indicated should complete the entire HBV vaccine series at least 4 weeks prior to participation in the study.
Trial Contact Information
Trial Lead Organizations/Sponsors
National Cancer Institute
Robert Kreitman, Principal Investigator
Sandra K Brinkman-Denney
Ph: (301) 496-9458
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Trial Sites
NIH - Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center
For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact National Cancer Institute Referral Office
Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
Note: Information about this trial is from the ClinicalTrials.gov database. The versions designated for health professionals and patients contain the same text. Minor changes may be made to the ClinicalTrials.gov record to standardize the names of study sponsors, sites, and contacts. Cancer.gov only lists sites that are recruiting patients for active trials, whereas ClinicalTrials.gov lists all sites for all trials. Questions and comments regarding the presented information should be directed to ClinicalTrials.gov.


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Area football teams had the opportunity to face competition Friday night with scrimmages.
Columbia City hosted Goshen, while Whitko traveled to Garrett and Churubusco played at Heritage.
Pictured, Columbia City's team runs to the locker room.
Columbia City's football team held its soap scrimmage Saturday.
Above, Jared Murphy makes a move for the end zone.
WARSAW — Columbia City's girls golf season opened Monday morning at the same place it ended last year —Stonehenge.
The Lady Eagles were bested by a strong Warsaw team, which opened its season with a score of 184. Columbia City shot a 224. Last season's sectional match was held at Stonehenge, where both Columbia City and Whitko saw the end of their seasons.
Though as a team the Lady Eagles lost by a significant margin, Columbia City's No. 1 linkster Jackie Leeuw shot just one-over Warsaw's medalists with a 45. Lady Tigers Nikke Lalonde and Beth Meadows both fired 44s.
From left, local speedsters, Charles (Don) Shively-driver, David Shively-owner and James (Joe) Shively-owner on May 10, 1953.
Pictured with them is their car, a 1939 Coupe Ford, in Fort Wayne on Speedway Drive.
The group also raced at South Anthony Speedway in Fort Wayne, Big Lake Speedway and New Paris Speedway.
They made appearances at South Bend, Kokomo, Avilla and Hicksville, Ohio.
Last season, Whitko's girls soccer team won the sectional title in its first season as an IHSAA sanctioned team.
Head Coach Gary Sims, along with three of the team's top four scorers are back this season, with games beginning Thursday.
For more about the Lady 'Cats and the rest of 2012's fall sports teams from Whitko, Churubusco and Columbia City, watch for The Post & Mail's Fall Sports Preview, which is scheduled to be in the Aug. 16 edition.
COLUMBIA CITY — Columbia City's No. 1 singles netters are no rookies of the sport.
Seniors Derek Hinen and Celine Rongos have both been playing tennis since they were young.
"When I was five years old, my dad started taking me out to the courts and hitting with me for fun," Rongos said. "After that, I never stopped."
Hinen said his family has played together since he was young.
Both Hinen and Rongos made Northeast Hoosier Conference All-Conference Teams last season.Rongos was also All-District, All-State Honorable Mention and named the Most Valuable Player.
The Phillies won the Pierceton Youth League minor division recently.
Front row, from left: Devon Akers, Jonathan Craft, Colten King and Luke Chalk.
Second row: Logan Akers, Peyton Warren, Tyis Donovan, Clayton Ebbinghouse, Alex Garcia and Blade Morrison.
Third row, coaches: Todd King, Roger Craft and Chad Ebbinghouse.
Not pictured: Noah Groves and Coach Brian Stratton.


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In the next week...we face Islanders, Washignton, Florida, and Ottawa. Two of those games should be sure wins (NY and OTT) If we can at least get a point from the other two that would be six points and would al but cement us for the playoffs. If we get hot and get all 8, we could possibly move past Monteal or NY Rangers in the standings..
Lets go canes
In the next week Montreal has Toronto and ATL..two games they should win....NY rangers have buffalo, ottawa, and minnesota...Thay should beat ottawa but buffalo and minnesota are fighting for their playoffs lives
So if we can six points this week and montreal and nyrangers get 4 a peice that means we would be one point a head of ny for the 6th seed
But we would only have six games left while Montreal has 9 and NYRangers have 8
Canes Playoff Push
Started by dexterpyro, Mar 20 2009 04:44 PM
2 replies to this topic
Posted 20 March 2009 - 04:44 PM
Posted 20 March 2009 - 05:23 PM
I think if we dont get 94 points were all dissapointed and not in.
Posted 20 March 2009 - 05:26 PM
I agree 94 points is the prime number to get in...81 right now need 13 points in 10 games..


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Satinder Kaur Singh PhD
Assistant Professor of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Departments & Organizations
Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS): Molecular Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology | Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology
Office of Student ResearchInterdepartmental Neuroscience ProgramStructural BiologyCellular & Molecular Physiology
Research Interests
Chemical neurotransmission; Neuropsychiatric disease; Epilepsy; Neuropharmacology; Biogenic amine; Gamma-aminobutyric acid; Neurotransmitter transporter; Antidepressant; Structural neurobiology; X-ray crystallography; Transporter kinetics more...
- B.S., University of Minnesota, 1995
- Ph.D., University of Minnesota, 2002
Selected Publications
- Singh, S.K. and Pal, A. Biophysical approaches to the study of LeuT, a prokaryotic homolog of neurotransmitter sodium symporters. Methods Enzymol., 557:167-198, 2015
- Nasr, ML and Singh, SK. Radioligand binding to nanodisc-reconstituted membrane transporters assessed by the scintillation proximity assay. Biochemistry, 53: 4-6, 2014
- Singh SK. LeuT: A prokaryotic stepping stone on the way to a eukaryotic neurotransmitter transporter structure. Channels, 2:380-389, 2008.


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5 Hospitalized after 3 Car Accident
Updated: 06/15/2013 - Eaton County Sheriff's department tells us it happened around 1:30 this afternoon.
Updated: 06/15/2013 - Eaton County Sheriff's department tells us it happened around 1:30 this afternoon.
Posted: 06/13/2013 - Several homeowners have flooded basements after a rainy Thursday morning.
Updated: 06/12/2013 - The House's Michigan Competitiveness Committee is expected to have another hearing Wednesday on the House Bill 4714.
Posted: 06/11/2013 - State House Democrats are calling for an investigation on gas prices.
Updated: 06/11/2013 - It happened just after midnight in the 32-hundred block of Shetland Road in Lansing early Tuesday morning.
Updated: 06/10/2013 - Police say multiple shots were fired from an assault-style weapon near The Speedwagon store on South Washington Ave.
Posted: 06/03/2013 - GM says it's sales rose 3.1percent in the month of May.
Updated: 06/03/2013 - Attorney Lynn Osborne
Updated: 05/28/2013 - Chris Swope and his partner Brad got married in Canada. Now they are taking their marriage certificate to the Register of Deeds office to be placed into their property records.
Updated: 06/01/2013 - It's been three years since Charles Lewis Junior was involved in a murder. He was thirteen when it happened, and he's spent the time thinking and receiving a lot of help. Can he overcome his past and change, or is he beyond help?
Updated: 05/21/2013 - VIDEO: How tornadoes are formed
Posted: 05/17/2013 - Gas prices rise to nearly $4.00 overnight
Posted: 05/16/2013 - TEST
Updated: 05/15/2013 - Budd's All Tractor LLC
Updated: 05/14/2013 - The Tri-County Meals on Wheels program is making cuts on their menus due to the sequester.
Posted: 05/13/2013 - Looking for that summer job? News Tens Alyssa Fenske is looking into the competitive summer 2013 job market forecast.
Updated: 05/14/2013 - Authorities say everything has been running smoothly for the Fifth Third River Bank Run in West Michigan despite increased security following the Boston Marathon bombings.
Updated: 05/14/2013 - Authorities say a Michigan State Police lieutenant has reached a plea deal after being accused of stealing property seized during drug operations and other crimes
Updated: 05/14/2013 - About 2,000 Arab Americans and others in a dozen communities nationwide have been volunteering their time as part of the National Arab American Service Day.
Updated: 05/14/2013 - Michigan's top education official has signed off on a plan to help the beleaguered Pontiac School District.
Posted: 05/09/2013 - Tomorrow on News 10 Today... the story of one woman who is collecting the most needed but least donated item for homeless shelters. Can you guess what it is?
Updated: 05/14/2013 - The Michigan Senate is going to have a new member soon.
Updated: 05/14/2013 - The man accused in the deadly Colorado theater shootings wants to change his plea to not guilty by reason of insanity.
Updated: 05/14/2013 - In a story of political redemption, Mark Sanford is heading back to Congress representing his old South Carolina congressional seat.
Updated: 05/14/2013 - Authorities have searched a small West Michigan island after receiving an anonymous tip in the disappearance of a gas station clerk.


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Pope formally assumes role with hand outstretched to Jews and other Christians
VATICAN CITY (AP) — On a day when the mantle of the papacy was formally placed on his willing shoulders, Pope Benedict XVI also made news for what he did not do.
The new pontiff reached out to Jews and Christians, and promised the world's 1.1 billion Roman Catholics that he would not ignore their voices as he led his wildly diverse flock. Yet in his first major homily in St. Peter's Square, Benedict made no mention of any current political issues Sunday or direct overtures toward Muslims, aside from paying respects "to believers and non-believers alike."
The lack of a political edge also hinted that Benedict may be more cautious than his predecessor, John Paul II, in using the Vatican's clout in international affairs.
"My real program of governance is not to do my own will, not to pursue my own ideas, but to listen, together with the whole church, to the word and the will of the Lord," the pontiff told a gallery of dignitaries, spiritual leaders and more than 350,000 pilgrims in his German-accented Italian.
The pope did not elaborate, but it suggested his papacy could study some pressing issues such as greater social activism and ways to reverse the decline of church attendance and vocations in the West. As Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger — before his election as pope — he clearly opposed any fundamental changes such as ending bans on contraception or women priests.
The 78-year-old pontiff appeared tired and coughed several times into a handkerchief that he pulled from within a sleeve of his golden vestments. But he looked invigorated — smiling and waving — while being driven over the square's cobblestones on an open-air vehicle after the Mass to formally invest him with the papacy.
"At first I though he'd be stern and scolding," said Walter Bonner, who traveled from Italy's German-speaking Alpine region. "But he turns out to be more like a grandfather."
One of Benedict's first acts after being elected on Tuesday was a personal greeting to the head of Rome's Jewish community. On Sunday, he noted "a great shared spiritual heritage" with Jews.
Benedict's effort to reach out to Jews carries an added dimension because of his membership in the Hitler Youth and later as a conscript into the German army during World War II. He said he was forced into both roles.
In Israel, Foreign Ministry spokesman Mark Regev said the pope's words shows his desire to continue John Paul's interfaith efforts and "forge even stronger ties between Israel and the Vatican and between Jews and Christians." Most Jewish leaders could not attend the Mass because it coincided with the weeklong Passover holiday.
The pope also extended a hand to all Christians, quoting Scriptures with images of a separated flock. "Let us do all we can to pursue the path toward unity," he said.
"Finally, like a wave gathering force," he added at another point in the 30-minute homily, "my thoughts go out to all men and women today, to believers and non-believers alike."


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As I have stated in the past, significant quarterly fluctuations in revenues and operating profit may result from the timing of contract closings, as these contracts can be complex and often require extensive negotiations. Because our 2007 revenues were adversely impacted by these delays and not by the loss of any anticipated opportunities in the pipeline, we have revised our annual revenue growth expectations upward for fiscal 2008.
Since we expect to complete the site specific integration in 2008 on a major contract signed in 2007, we anticipate we will be able to recognize the software revenue for that transaction in 2008. Although we believe that there may continue to be instances where we will not be able to recognize software revenues on other transactions in the future due to potential provisions for future deliverables in those contracts, we will discontinue reporting revenues on a non-GAAP basis in 2008. We believe we have now reached a point where there will be relative balance between the revenue benefits from previous
year's revenue deferment and the deferment of revenue into future fiscal years.
Here are some of the more significant milestones for fiscal 2007:
Announced that Oregon Health Science University went live with our workflow solutions, integrated with EPIC Systems in the first quarter;
Added an additional remote hosting solution client in the first quarter;
Added a new multi-facility healthcare organization in the second
|SOURCE Streamline Health Solutions, Inc.
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
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Cadbury develops chocolate that won't melt at high temperatures
Cadbury chocolate bar (Photo: Evan-Amos)
Cadbury is developing temperature tolerant chocolate for sale in tropical regions (Photo: Shutterstock)
Article Summary
One of life's less pleasant surprises is discovering the chocolate bar that you forgot you had in your pocket on a hot day. Two scientists working at Cadbury's research and development plant in Bourneville, U.K., are fighting that gooey surprise with the invention of chocolate that remains solid even when exposed to temperatures of 40º C (104º F) for more than three hours.
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I have admired that boat for years, but have never had the chance to take a close look at the rudder. From the diagram below my guess is that the only chance you have for not removing the rudder is if WEB Crealock designed the rudder with a hole in it for shaft removal. On some boats there's a tube built into the rudder located so that when the rudder is hard over one direction or the other the shaft will come out through the tube. In normal operating mode, the tube is covered / faired with a filler of some sort so it doesn't disrupt the flow over the rudder.
Is the boat out of the water now, so you could look at the rudder?
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hi guys. I am about to finish my first project which is wordpress template. i need someone to work with. first i don't have any idea how can i make the psd files for theme. So. i need someone to do it. if anyone interested let me know
WordPress To PSD ? why , i mean people creates PSD to convert it into HTML and/or WP , but you are trying Wordpress to PSD ?
It Doesn't make any sense
im not trying to convert wordpress to psd. I am about to finish my project, i made wordpress theme with html css php js. i need someone to create a PSD of my theme. :/
Hey! Email me here: email@example.com I might be able to help.
We could definitely do that for you. No sweat.
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Following Electronic Theatre's recent hands-on preview of Flashback Ubisoft has revealed a brand new question and answer (Q&A) session for the videogame. Addressing many of the concerns fans of the franchise have voiced, this Q&A session discusses the original videogame, this modernisation and its path to market.
The forthcoming digital update to Flashback is looking nothing less than exciting, with the design team able to offer far greater depth in character development than could ever have been achieved on the hardware available at the time of the original's launch. The Q&A below, reported verbatim from Ubisoft, touches on this and Electronic Theatre will keep you updated with all the latest details on Flashback.
For those who might not know Flashback yet, can you tell the original vision behind the game?
Flashback is a platform game that takes place in a futuristic setting. It was one of the precursors of what we call today "gameplay narrative". Flashback tells the story of a young man fighting to prevent an invasion of Earth by Extra-Terrestrials capable of changing appearance and who are controlled by a single immense brain. This is a vibrant example of the sci-fi genre in the nineties.
What drove you to create a new and revamped version of Flashback?
We wanted to do something for its 20th anniversary! It's been that long since Flashback came out in 1992, and we thought we could both honor our fans who have been asking us for the return of Conrad for a long time and also allow a younger audience to discover the universe of Flashback.
Is it the same story?
The story is true to the original scenario, and all the characters and their enemies from the first game are all back. It has been beefed up and modernized though. Some characters that were sort of in the background in the first version were developed and have taken on more importance. We also went back and took a longer look at some of the blurry spots in the first Flashback and the fans will hopefully discover certain aspects of the world that might have been overlooked.
What are the improvements brought to the original game?
Our first objective was to remain faithful to the spirit of the original game, but to also take full advantage of the computing power of today's machines. Quite a few points were considered to bring the game up to standards. The first was obviously in the graphics department. We also gave a facelift to the gameplay by making it more reactive and dynamic, the reactivity and instinctive control of Conrad being two points that we really take to heart. We also integrated an experience progression system for the character and his equipment, with upgrades that can be found throughout the various levels.
Accessibility was brought up to current standards as was the Level Design that would seem rather punishing through today's lenses if we had kept it exactly as it was. All in all, though, we're extremely happy with the result. We feel we were able to keep Flashback's soul and put it into a new body.
What team at Vector Cell has been working on the game? Did they take part in the development of the original game?
We're a team of fifteen, and five of the lead were part of the original project. To that you have to add externals that came in to work on various specialized domains: film direction, sound design, music, dialogues & scenario.
What is the nature of your collaboration with Ubisoft?
We started the project alone for a time, and then we presented it to Ubisoft who agreed to publish it. We're extremely happy to work with them and benefit from their enormous experience. We worked together with the editorial teams at Ubisoft in order to fine tune and improve the game. They helped us out immensely, wide-angle perspective. It's always hard to take a step back when you've got your nose to the grindstone.
What platforms will the game release on?
The game will be available on XBLA and PSN and will release in 2013.
Ultimately, what is your goal when remaking Flashback? And what do you want the players to "take with them" when they finish the game?
I hope players will play this Flashback with the same enthusiasm they did twenty years ago. We stumbled upon gameplay back then that is truly special and provides a unique game experience.
All we've tried to do in this version is give the game a new body that meets the expectations of the 21st century. We think we've protected its soul along the way… and that's what we want people to be able to share with the old generations and the new.


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HL7 founder and e-health pioneer Dr. Donald Simborg says a new approach is needed to ensure the efficacy of EHR initiatives. He says programs currently deliver the strongest financial rewards to health insurers while making providers to pay for the systems, which also require providers to restructure their offices and working habits.
View Full Article in:Government Health IT magazine
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Honestly i dont even think sdcc jetfire looks anything close to robotech
Both vehicles are based on the same jet and have the same kind of pack attached to it. And it's made in likeness of a G1 character, NOT the cartoon version, but specifically the toy one....Which WAS a Macross/Robotech valkyrie.
They've got grounds to fight this on.
What remains to be seen now is how Hasbro defends themselves, but they should be able to win fairly easily. It's not an exact replica and it's made in the likeness of their own G1 character which WAS used legally, and is not meant to tie in to it's parent property.
It wouldn't mean anything, as Whirl is based on a toy that was a repurposed Dorvack toy and has nothing to do with Robotech, Macross or Harmony Gold.
You're not quite picking up what I'm putting down.
The original design of Whirl is owned by Bandai, who licenced it to Hasbro. I'm not entirely sure if that licence had an expiry date, but if it did, it's possible that Bandai could prevent the release of Generations Whirl, based on what they observe in this court case. It's also possible that based on this lawsuit, Hasbro may re-evaluate their usage of designs that have origins in other companies.
But I'm just an outside observer, and I have no idea if Hasbro has already cleared this with Bandai, or if they would even have to.
The only reason Harmony Gold exists is the squeeze as much money out of the licenses they've held onto with a death clutch since the 80's and make money suing anyone that makes anything remotely Macross outside japan.
I hope Hasbro Fights This, Wins and it costs HG so much money they go bankrupt.
me to but harmony can tie it for years (decades) one thing they seem to have is lawyers who will go the distance
Related news from Brian Savage. The leftover sets from SDCC will be sold to club members via a lottery.


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Villa Rita Apartments650 Manzanita Ave, Chico, CA 95926 View On Map (530) 895-1048
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Recipes Book That I Bought7 October 2014 | Comments Off
Nearly all of us have that favorite meal or at least something we love to eat. I am talking about something you like to eat every other day without getting sick of it. I love bread, and it has been this way since I was a kid. Not a day goes by without my feasting on a piece of bread. I hadn't noticed how expensive bread is until I moved from my mother's house immediately after graduating from the University. It had always been my mum's duty to get the bread from the store- I never bothered to care how much my mum spent on bread every other month.
As an accountant, I always keep track of every cent I spend. You can imagine the shock I received upon realising how much money I use on bread alone. This was a wake-up call- I needed to get something done as soon as possible. In the midst of all this, one thing was clear; I wasn't going to give up my bread- not for anything in this world. When I shared the discovery with my friends, they said it was time I gave up bread since it wasn't even health for anyone. One of my friends listed the numerous additives and preservatives that bread contain, and that too was an eye opener.
Fortunately, my childhood friend Janet suggested that I purchase a bread machine. I had never thought about it, but I didn't have to think much further. A bread machine is exactly what I needed to solve all my bread problems. I conducted a search on the internet and landed on a good selection of Cuisinart bread machines. I was lucky to find a bread machine that fitted my budget at that time. Ever since I bought my bread machine, I can happily say that my bread experience has changed significantly. For instance, I don't have to get stuck on traffic or even queue at the store just to buy bread. With enough supply of ingredients in my kitchen cabinet, I can have my bread at any time of day or night. Another important thing is that I have control over the ingredients that goes into my bread. This means that I am eating healthier than ever- never in my life did I think that bread could as nutritious as mine is. I have also made major savings in a span of less than eight months.
Have you check out the Breville immersion blender lately? If you haven't, you really should because Breville has line ups of best immersion blender reviews that you would not want to miss reading. The brand Breville has been in the market for several years now and it has various types of utility machines for your kitchen. You can find a lot of Breville products being named or awarded in the best espresso makers, best toaster ovens, best rice cookers, and best juicers category or industry.
But today, I'll be talking about models of immersion blender from Breville. By the end of this review, you will probably want to get these fantastic immersion blenders from Breville. Now before we go ahead any further, the Breville Immersion blender has two types of Control Grip model, a lower end model and a higher end model.
First, let's start off with the model BSB400XL, the Control Grip. The BSB400XL is a lower end model and it isn't as expensive as the other higher end model. The BSB400XL retails at $69.99 and can be purchased online or at your nearest local store.
The amazing thing about this Immersion blender is that it has variable speed settings. You can either choose to use it on a low speed setting or a higher speed setting to obtain precise and excellent blending performance. This model comes with a blending jug and a chopping bowl as well.
The blending jug is about 1.25 litres which comes to a 42 ounce in measurement. It's a large jug that has a dual purpose storage lid and an anti-slip mat as well. The jug is suitable for blending, storing and even measuring ingredients and food. It runs on a 280 watt powered motor and is strong enough to blend hard chunk of fruits, potatoes and etc.
The blades are also sharp enough to crush ice. Also, the base of this blender has a non-scratch bas so your pots and pans won't have any scratch marks on it. It comes with a 1 year warranty plan.
The BSB510XL is a higher end model of the Control Grip series and it is a little more expensive than the previous model. This immersion blender retails at $99.99. It has more features than the previous one as well and it only comes in one colour which is black.
The included accessories for this particular model are a chopping bowl, blending jug and a whisk attachment. It is more versatile than the previous model and the jug capacity is 42 ounces. The jug has an anti-slip mat and a dual storage lid feature as well. The chopping bowl can hold about 25 ounce of ingredients which is roughly about 3 cups in measurement.
The BSB510XL runs on a 120 watt powered motor and can crush ice, frozen meat and many more. With the whisk attachment, it makes baking easier as well. It also comes with a year of warranty.
So there you have it, the Breville immersion blender. I tested out both of them before writing this review and in my own opinion, the second one does a better job than the first because it's more powerful and stronger. Also, the designs on it are unique. Overall, it does an amazing job! Besides that, if you are thinking of buying a juicer too, then Breville juicer is great! I haven't got the time to write some reviews about Breville juice fountain plus juicer that I just got, but I think it's worth considering if you are looking for a new juicer.
A knife is the kitchens workhorse. You therefore need to get the best knife to carry out kitchen chores such as dicing vegetables, cutting meat, slicing tomatoes among others. Continue reading the kitchen knife reviews below to learn more.
Factors to consider while choosing a kitchen knife
1. Material and blade construction-Based on this consideration you need to get the best perfoming knife. You need to know that forged knifes are made from steel that is heated then hammered and are stronger than stamped knifes. Stamped knifes are made from sheets and are thus weak. Knifes with ceramic blades are very sharp but more fragile than steel knives. Stainless steel knives though cheap get dull very quickly and are difficult to sharpen. On the other hand carbon steel knives are very easy to sharpen but are expensive and rust quickly.
2. Weight and balance-You should consider a knife with a reasonable balance between the blade and handle.
3. Size-This is considered in relation to what the knife is to chop large knifes are required when chopping large vegetables.
A review of the best knives
1. The Wusthof 9-inch knife-This is a nine inch knife with a good handle to blade balance. The knife has a straight shape and is good for chopping large vegetables. This knife has a non rust stainless steel blade.
2. The Wusthof Ikon 8 inch knife-The knife is an 8 inch knife with a broad blade .The knife has a good blade to handle balance and is suitable for chopping relatively hard vegetables. The knife is equipped with a non rust stainless steel handle.
3. The Victorinox swsiss 8 inch knife-It is a relatively small knife with a good Handle to blade balance. The knife has a soft plastic handle and an easy to sharpen ceramic blade.
4. The Victorinox fibrx3piece knife set-This knife comes in a set of three knives that comes in different sizes. The knives come with a non slip soft plastic handle.
5. The shun classic 7 inch knife-This is a heavy knife with a metallic handle the knife is good for slicing meat. The knife has a superb blade to handle ratio the knife has a sharp easy to sharpen ceramic handle.
Juicer is a device that is used to prepare juice. In most cases, when people hear the word 'juice'', their mouths are filled with saliva. However, preparing juice is not very easy; it needs the above device to prepare the best and quality juices. In addition, anything good comes with a price, and therefore, acquiring the best-rated juicer is the ultimate goal. Nevertheless, there are so many designers and manufacturers of these devices in the market; each coming up with the best device that rocks the market with amazing technologies and fashions. Any customer will find it quite challenging to select the best juicer for his/her juicing needs. However, you should never mind as this article presents you with a comprehensive analysis of the best rated juicers.
However, before going to the stores to select the best juicer, it is always advisable for you to have a buying guide that will make your work easier. In this regard, when selecting the best juicer, the following factors are eminent:
· Juicer type (do you want centrifugal juicer, citrus, manual press, single gear, twin gear, or wheatgrass juicer)
· Power ratings
· Noise level
· How to clean it
Having the have points at your fingertips, you are likely going to get the best juicer that will ultimately serve you well. In this regard, the following are the best-rated juicers available in the market that you ought to consider adding it to your kitchen:
This is the number one top rated juicer as per the satisfied customer reviews. It has been designed with the latest features such as heavy duty, dual speed motors, safety gadgets, and so on. This device has been made specifically for commercial juicing purposes due to its powerful 1000W that runs at higher speeds of up to 13000 RPM. In addition, it is quite easy to clean the above device. This juicer is sold at $290.00 in most top rated stores selling juicers.
It is not without a reason that this juicer is among the best juicers in the market. It has been known for its quiet operation while using the least amount of power, only 170W rotating at 80RPM. It has gained a tremendous fame among home users due to its efficient juicing experience. In addition, the appliance comes with patented cleaning tools and an efficient safety system.
This is third best juicer available in the market. It has been designed with a quiet powerful motor that does its operation at 80RPM. It has been termed as slow juicer'; but this slowness is worth as it helps to prevent oxidation, foaming, heat build-up, and nutrient loss. The fact that this device comes with a warranty of up to 15 years, gives mores confidence to users.
The list of the best juicers is just endless. However, the above stands out as the best among the many available in the market. Therefore, wait no more, get yours today, and have a fantastic juicing experience. Thanks.
Cookware is one of the most important assets to a good cook who really appreciates a good kitchen. This is because they ensure one does not burn food all the time and that they prepare good meals that have no off tastes. In order to ensure one cooks quality meals, getting the best cookware is a priority. One can ensure they get the best quality by consulting widely with people who have been in the business for a long time because they will normally know what is durable. Go to this site for the best cookware reviews.
Hard anodized cookware sets are the most reliable. This is because they are very durable and they conduct heat in a very efficient way. Not only will you avoid burning your food but also unnecessary usage of fuel because they are well modeled for conserving energy. There are several good brands that will always ensure best quality cookware for your kitchen. These include skillets and cooking pots, pans and baking apparatus.
The best hard anodized cookware can be detected in the way it conducts heat. Good cookware will not only prevent your food from burning before it is cooked but it will also be able to prevent it from overcooking and especially if it is vegetables. It will also retain heat in the system and save energy instead of dispensing too much heat into the atmosphere.
Some of the most reputable cookware when it comes to good anodized cookware sets include Caphalon, Cuisinart, Anolon, and KitchenAid. These brands have been ascertained to be the best by long use by most people. One can get the best for their individual tastes from the traditional cast iron sets that are least expensive to the most exquisite copper sets, all of them anodized and well insulated for safe use. Some people say that the best hard anodized cookware sets are those made of Stainless Steel and lined with Copper or Aluminum.
Making the perfect cup of espresso can be quite challenging and requires both the right grind of beans and the exact measurement. To achieve this you also need an automatic espresso machine. Read the best automatic espresso machine reviews before you buy one because it is an investment for years to come. Here are some of the best semi automatic and automatic espresso machines in the market:
Semi Automatic Espresso Machines
Gaggia 14101 Classic
This is a classic pump espresso machine that costs not more than $400. If you are looking for a machine with sturdy commercial grade, convenient and easy to use then this is the machine for you. It basically has all the qualities you need for a home based espresso machine (packs good functions, makes great espressos and is simple to use).
DeLonghi EC155
This is one of the best and cheapest espresso machine (cost around $100). Many people believe that higher-priced machines are more resilient and long lasting giving you quality for your money. However, the DeLonghi EC155 makes one of the greatest entry-level machines. It is different from other machines at this price range in that it produces 15 bars of pump- driven pressure adequate to produce a perfect espresso with a thick cream. However, it has frothing wand position awkwardly and is made of cheap plastic. Nonetheless it is one of the best in this price range.
Rancilio Silvia
This tops the list of my best home espresso machine. If you are a coffee aficionado then this is the machine for you. Though it cost a little more than Gaggia 14101 and DeLonghi EC155 ($700) it produces the best espresso ever. It also scores marks for its build quality and features. It has stainless-steel silvia and a forged brass boiler to enhance its durability
Automatic Espresso Machines
Saeco Focus
This espresso machine is compact and easy to use. Saeco Focus Automatic Espresso Machine is super automatic and has great features such as rapid steam that ensures right temperatures, aroma system and optidose that pre-wets the coffee grinds
Nespresso Maestria
This machine combines the brand new wand feature with classic espresso extraction. It also has a high-quality steam pipe and an adjustable coffee volume and that ensures your espresso and cappuccinos are sweet
DeLonghi Compact Automatic Espresso Machine:
This is one machine that has the best features of an automatic espresso machine. It is small in size making it the best for those people with small kitchen. Its key feature is its direct to brew grinding system. Other features of this machine include; a cup warmer, suitable water filtration and a detachable drip tray.
Other espresso machines worth mentioning include; Nespresso Citiz C120 espresso maker, Nespresso C60 Pixie Espresso Maker and Saeco Via Vanezia.
If you are a lover of rice you should think in terms of getting more creative when preparing variety of rice dishes. You certainly need a quailty rice cooker in order to go more excited with your rice based recipes. You might wonder as to which rice cooker to buy. You would do well to go through some of the exquisitely written best rice cooker reviews across the Internet so that you would choose the best one in the market.
You can simply get restaurant-like rice ready in minutes by virtue of using the best rice cooker. You will find it heartening to know that quality rice cookers are available at the most competitive prices. Hence you could be on the road to get your favorite rice varieties cooked much to your delight and satisfaction.
You might wonder what is so special about going through the reviews written about the rice cookers. It is extremely important to get a sound knowledge about the best companies that make efficient rice cookers. Such a kind of knowledge will enable you to choose the best rice cooker with great ease and precision.
It is indeed true that many rice crazy families across the globe get immensely benefited by the possession of quality rice cookers. This is due to the fact that rice cookers of good make are capable of satisfying the connoisseurs of rice by virtue of their utility and multi task performing ability.
With good rice cookers you not only cook your favorite rice but you can heat prepared rice varieties whenever you want to eat them The best rice cooker reviews can throw enormous light on the efficacy of the various types of cookers such as electric rice cookers, digital rice cookers and automatic rice cookers and their uses as well. Make it a point to read them thoroughly before buying the best rice cooker much to your advanatage.
When it comes to food processing, Cuisinart had manufactured many highly recommended models. There are a variety of models that are designed for different users. One of Cuisinart well-known and specialized food processor is the Cuisinart Mini Prep Plus Food Processor.
These types of food processors are specifically designed to handle smaller quantities of ingredients. The capacity starts from 1 1/2 cups and up. Many users prefer this type processor as it is small, compact and easily handled. Some models have attractive design and look really attractive when placed on your kitchen countertop. Unlike larger model, it takes little space and you could permanently place it nearby. You can just add your ingredients and use it immediately. The bowls are also small so it would be a lot easier to clean.
As for Cuisinart Mini Prep Plus Food Processor, it is powerful, versatile, efficient and look really stylish. The 3-cup capacity is suitable for many prep works for various type of recipes. There are two receptacles in the lid with pinholes to add two oils to prepare the perfect emulsion. You might find it as the best food processor, just press the 'chop' and 'grind' button and the model is ready to work. Click on the link for further info on the best mini food processor.
The SmartPower Blade are auto reverse and can be used effectively to chop or grind different herbs, spices, onions, salads and many more. The 'chop' function is suitable for softer ingredients and the 'grind' function is perfect for processing nuts, coffee beans, and even cheese. The 250-watt motor is good enough in preparing simpler recipes. It would still be good to prepare larger meals but it is not recommended to prolong the use. The food processor is perfect in fast prep works. You do not really need to bring out larger capacity processor to do simpler prep works.
The size is just around 9 inches high and is quite lightweight as the exteriors are made from plastic. You can just place the mini processor permanently on the kitchen top or store it in your cabinet. It is quite convenient to move it around because of the small size. The only extra accessory it has is a small spatula that you can easily store anywhere.
The Cuisinart Mini Prep Plus Food Processor, carries an 18-month warranty against defects and dishwasher safe. However, it is recommended to wash the blades manually to protect the sharp edges.
There are many good reasons to get a mini food processor. Larger processor might not work so well on smaller quantities ingredients. Larger food processor can be quite an inconvenience for those who love to prepare fast simpler meals. In many cases, mini food processors are good enough to replace conventional food processor.
Using Cuisinart Mini Prep Plus Food Processor enable you to make your favorite meals or snacks in smaller portions and a lot faster. The clean up would be quicker too and you can prepare different ingredients for a variety of recipes. Therefore, if you were looking for something small, compact, and easier to use than this would be a good choice. More reading – Best food processor