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AB1825 Training and Anti-Harassment and Discrimination Training
Polsinelli Podcasts - Workplace Bullying: What Employers Need to Know
What is Wrongful Termination in Arizona?
OFCCPs New Veteran/Disability Regulations Are Now in Effect. Are You Ready?
Annual Labor & Employment Update 2013
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)... *Liability and Data Breach Sold Separately
What is at will employment law?
Stealth Lawyer: Clare Dalton, Acupuncturist
Marijuana in the Workplace
5 Risks of Telecommuting (And How Employers Should Handle Them)
The Corporate Law Report: First-to-File Patents, Hiring for Cultural Fit, Roth Conversions Post-Fiscal Cliff, and Global Corporate Insights
In last week's oral argument on the constitutionality of same-sex marriage bans, Chief Justice Roberts asked the following question:
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Healthy Workplaces, Healthy Families Act of 2014—Paid Sick Leave (AB 1522) -
On September 10, 2014,...more
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A release and a blog post from the Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") on Friday announced that starting in 2015, health insurance companies will be required to offer coverage to same-sex spouses if they offer...more
This month we look at part three of our three part series on Class Actions. In part three, Robert Rachal and M. Todd Mobley address the role of experts in class certification post Wal-Mart and Comcast and how to use and...more
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A. Federal -
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On Wednesday, 26 June 2013, the US Supreme Court ruled that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ("DOMA"), which limits the definition of "marriage" to "a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife" and...more
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It's October, and in the baseball world, that means the playoffs are on the horizon. The Pittsburgh Pirates have already dispatched the Cincinnati Reds, and the Rays and Indians set to play their Wild Card game tonight.
Baseball takes its sweet time to announce the winners of their individual awards, so we have plenty of time to speculate. Some of these races are wide open, while others are pretty open-and-shut. Here are my picks for the men who deserve to have their names etched on some hardware.
American League Most Valuable Player - Miguel Cabrera (DET)
It seems to be a foregone conclusion that Miguel Cabrera will successfully defend his MVP crown after winning it last year. And just like in 2012, we have sabermetric geeks hyping up Mike Trout again -- and for good reason, he had another record-setting season. Unfortunately, until Trout's Angels become relevant, he will continue to have an uphill battle against Miguel Cabrera. Who should, and will, win the MVP again.
Miggy put up gaudy hitting numbers in 2013, more than enough to make up for his "shortcomings" in terms of advanced statistics. His .348 BA, .442 OBP, .636 SLG and 1.078 OPS were all the best in the Majors. He finished second to Chris Davis (who if baseball had a Most Improved Player award, would win in a landslide) in home-runs and RBI. The Mike Trout debate is once again prominent, Crush Davis became must-see TV whenever he was at-bat and Josh Donaldson came out of nowhere for Oakland -- but the numbers speak for themselves, and Miguel Cabrera is the best player in baseball.
National League Most Valuable Player - Andrew McCutchen (PIT)
The Pittsburgh Pirates are in the playoffs for the first time in 21 years, and Andrew McCutchen is one of the biggest reasons why. He has been the Bucs' best player for a few years now, and with a little talent and spark around him, he was able to help lead them back to October. When your team makes the playoffs, and you finish with a WAR above 8, you know you have done something right. And that is what 'Cutch has done.
Nobody had a ridiculous season in the National League this year. Yadier Molina deserves some votes, while his teammate Matt Carpenter will likely steal some votes away from him. Thanks to no player having a Miguel Cabrera-type season, a guy like Clayton Kershaw deserves some MVP votes as well. McCutchen's superb defensive work in CF, mixed in with his consistent hitting (.317 BA and .404 OBP) as well as inserting himself into the 20/20 club with 21 HR and 27 stolen bases will nab him his first MVP award.
American League Cy Young - Max Scherzer (DET)
I think a lot of people believe Max Scherzer wins this award by default. He led baseball in wins with 21, but honestly, wins mean nothing to an individual pitcher. It's archaic to use that as a stat in making an argument, so you have to dig a little deeper. Scherzer has better and comparable numbers to all of his competitors, so the 21 wins are certainly not a fluke or product of a good Detroit team around him.
Felix Hernandez and Yu Darvish are my guys to consider in this race, but Scherzer dominated in 2013. Darvish led baseball in SO with 277, while Scherzer notched 240 of his own. His 2.90 ERA was good for fifth in the American League, and the 0.97 WHIP was at the top. He will likely win this award simply for his wins (being the only 20 game winner in baseball) but he deserves it for his dependable performance all season long.
National League Cy Young - Clayton Kershaw (LAD)
This should be unanimous. I strongly considered naming Kershaw my MVP for the National League as well. This guy straight dominated the competition, and it didn't matter if the Dodgers were underachieving or going on ridiculous runs.
I don't want to hear about Adam Wainwright, and it's a shame Matt Harvey got hurt, but Kershaw blows them out of the water. His miniscule 1.83 ERA for the ENTIRE SEASON is absurd. He had a 7.9 WAR for a pitcher, and led the National League in SO with 232. Kershaw has placed his name in the same company as Sandy Koufax being the first Dodgers' pitcher to have an ERA below 2.00 since the legendary Koufax did it. Kershaw has now won three straight ERA titles, and is the third NL pitcher to do so (along with Koufax and Greg Maddux).
American League Rookie of the Year - Wil Myers (TB)
Consider this our introduction to Tampa's OF phenom Wil Myers. It was a modest one, yes, but still the best in the thin class of rookies for the American League. He only played 87 games due to the Rays delaying his promotion because of the pesky Super Two arbitration deadline, but he had stretches of dominance, flashing the immense potential he has.
Myers' solid .293/13/53/.354 line is enough to separate himself from defensive wizard Jose Iglesias of Detroit and Martin Perez of the Rangers. I'll take this space to hype up Myers for the future, and implore anyone reading this to check him out in the playoffs. Should the Rays defeat the Indians in their Wild Card playoff game, we will get to see a lot more out of this future All-Star in October.
National League Rookie of the Year - Jose Fernandez (MIA)
The National League has far more pazazz in this race than the American League, but it's Fernandez who should take home the award. The 21-year-old was filthy in his first season with the Marlins. He tossed 172.2 innings and posted a 2.19 ERA (second in the National League).
A lot of people are going to say Yasiel Puig should be handed this award due to his presence sparking the Dodgers' incredible turnaround, but I'm not buying it. Puig-mania aside, he didn't finish the season with the Dodgers on a stellar note, and his numbers became a bit more pedestrian. Fernandez had a 9.8 k/9 rate, which was just behind A.J. Burnett's 9.9 league-leading rate. Fact is, if Clayton Kershaw didn't exist, you could make a very viable argument that Fernandez is the National League's Cy Young.
American League Manager of the Year - John Farrell (BOS)
What a difference a year makes. Last year the Red Sox were the laughing stock of baseball with Bobby Valentine proving to be the most futile manager in baseball. In steps John Farrell, and Boston is back to winning Division championships.
I feel like I could write the exact same summary for Terry Francona in Cleveland, save for the Valentine portion. How many people had the Indians in the playoffs? In his first season, Francona helped turn this team around and back to playing in October. I can't predict a tie, so I'll give the edge to Farrell, though both guys deserve it.
National League Manager of the Year - Clint Hurdle (PIT)
Helping lead a team into the playoffs after being absent from them for two decades will earn you some accolades. He may not be heralded as a genius or spectacular overall manager, but the guy stabilized the roster and kept the Pirates from another collapse.
Don Mattingly was nearly fired early in the season, now the Dodgers are World Series contenders. He deserves some recognition, but this is Clint Hurdle's award.
Follow me on Twitter! @MichaelRyne

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
ApplianceMaytag Washer
Level of DifficultyA Bit Difficult
Time to do repair1- 2 hours
Age of Appliance5 - 10 years
Wrench setNutdriverWrench(Adjustable)
8 out of 13 people found this instruction helpful
Obvious problem: belt destroyed. The plastic pulley on the motor was damaged beyond repair. Since you can't replace just the plastic pulley, you have to purchase another motor. The machine still would not spin. Checked the pump again. The bearings might be bad. Replaced pump; Success! washer works again. Total repair: belt $15.68, new pulley with motor $132.00, and new pump $80.00. Estimated cost to repair about $228.00. Time to troubleshoot. 1 hour, time to fix 1 hour; Total time in labor about 2 hours.
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Part Number: PS2018261
Part Number: PS2018741
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The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
Copyright © 1999-2015 , Eldis Group Partnership. All rights reserved.


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DMV to Internet-less New Yorkers: Get in Line
By Jared Chausow
By Katie Toth
By Elizabeth Flock
City Hid Facts From Feds About Rikers
By Albert Samaha
Flood Wall Street Gets Pepper Sprayed and Arrested
By Anna Merlan
By Jon Campbell
Report Sheds Light on Anti-Muslim Bias
By Jon Campbell
Rikers Island Lawsuits Over Diabetic Care
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"I'm thinking, Holy shit, this is exactly like the movies," Fischer says. "I considered not taking the money, but then I thought, Wait, I didn't do anything wrong here. Everyone else is getting paid—why shouldn't I?"
An investigator made a proposal: They'd give him another $10,000 to come in with all of his documents. Fischer laughed, "My safety is worth $15,000?"
The next meeting came March 11 at a small park. This time, MLB top cop Dan Mullin himself showed up. He suggested a deal: Fischer would share everything in exchange for a $1,000-per-week salary for a year as a "consultant." He'd be on the hook to answer any questions about the records.
"I told him: 'No way. That's not enough to protect myself.' And he said, 'Porter, this stuff isn't worth a million bucks.' But I never said it was. I just wanted to know how I could feel safe cooperating with these guys."
Baseball was done with the carrots. On March 19, MLB attorney Steven Gonzalez texted Fischer. It was three days before baseball would file a lawsuit against Tony Bosch and other Biogenesis associates. Gonzalez warned Fischer about the suit and added, "I hope you take it as a sign of good faith that your name was not included. This does not preclude us from making a deal, but if you ignore a forthcoming subpoena, it will force us to compel the courts to produce the four notebooks."
Then Gonzalez made an offer: "We can compensate you in the amount of $125,000 for all the records and your signature on affidavits."
Fischer took the text as "a fucking . . . lawyer-speak threat."
"No, thank you," he quickly texted Gonzalez back. "Not worth it."
MLB never seemed to grasp one key fact about Fischer: He didn't give a damn about their sport. In fact, other than A-Rod and Melky Cabrera, Fischer didn't even recognize a single ballplayer's name in the Biogenesis records.
He had only one motivation: taking down Tony Bosch, the guy he says took his money and laughed in his face. That's why Fischer was so much more receptive when the Florida Department of Health came calling.
The health department was a strange choice to investigate Bosch. Drug Enforcement Administration agents or local cops would have been more logical, but a well-placed source says the feds initially refused to take the case.
Florida's DOH, by contrast, had a very narrow issue: If Bosch was practicing medicine or compounding drugs without a license, the department could charge him. Fischer met with an agent named Jerome Hill.
Fischer immediately trusted Hill. The investigator wanted only to go after Bosch. "I agreed to cooperate completely," Fischer says.
The two began meeting regularly, and Hill—who repeatedly declined to talk about his investigation—began building a case against Bosch.
Fischer provided documents, including copies of medical reports that indicated Bosch had prescribed testosterone, human growth hormone (HGH), and anabolic steroids such as Anavar, Winstrol, and MIC. Fischer had even taken Bosch's lab coat from the office, a full-length white coat with "Dr. Tony Bosch" stitched over the pocket.
But the seemingly slam-dunk case soon hit road blocks. The first came March 24, when Fischer, at Hill's request, traveled to a storage unit where he'd kept many of the boxes of medical files. When he stopped at the Boca Tanning Club in Boca Raton at 11:30 a.m., someone broke into his car and took the files, his laptop, and his .32 Beretta, according to a police report.
"I told the police right away, 'This is important state's evidence that was taken,'" Fischer says. "They thought I was crazy."
A close-out memo from the Boca PD shows a detective talked to Hill about the case and noted the New York Times reports that both A-Rod and MLB officials were reportedly buying documents from clinic employees. Hill "did not think Fischer sold files to any players," the officer writes. On March 20, they closed the case "pending DNA or new information."
Who took the boxes? It's still a mystery.
"Whoever did this was a professional," he says. "They followed me for hours, waited for their one opportunity, and then struck."
Worse was yet to come. About a week later, the DOH abruptly closed its case and announced Bosch would receive a citation and a $5,000 fine, but no criminal charges. "[We have] referred this matter to law enforcement," says spokeswoman Ashley Carr.
Why would the health department pass on a chance at such a high-profile criminal case? Bosch couched his business as an anti-aging clinic—which makes it part of a major industry in Florida. If regulators went after Bosch for improperly distributing HGH, how many others would they have to chase down?
Whatever the reason, Fischer is still baffled at prosecutors' lack of enthusiasm. "[They] completely blew this investigation, and I gave them everything on a silver platter," he says. "I blame the fucking bureaucrats."
When the story broke late on June 4, Fischer was livid: Citing two anonymous sources, ESPN reported Tony Bosch had reached an agreement with MLB to cooperate in its investigation. In return, baseball would drop its ongoing lawsuit against the bogus doctor, indemnify him against future damages, and provide personal security.
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Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Workin' for the weekend!
More Dino and Stacy!
Friday, May 29, 201505/29/2015
Who Cares If It's A "School Night."
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This won't help matters any. A new study out of Cambridge University in England has discovered that drinking alcohol, eating…
Friday, May 29, 201505/29/2015
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In Blog
Listen to this morning's Pledge of Allegiance from New Albany Elementary.
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Who gets to sing with The Rolling Stones?
Watch <a href="http://">Here to find out!
Thursday, May 28, 201505/28/2015
The CAPA Summer Movie Series
In Blog
Dino speaks with CAPA's Rich Corsi about their 45th annual Summer Movie Series
Thursday, May 28, 201505/28/2015
If You Fall, I Will Catch You (And Other Corporate Crazy Stuff).
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I get it. Companies want their employees to all get along, and you're not always going to get that assurance…


text:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________SSM Hospice and Home Care Foundation is dedicated to providing financial, physical and emotional support to our patients and their families through our life-honoring programs.
Foundation programs offered include:
Patient and Family Emergency Financial Assistance (The Dr. Robert Kingsbury Patient and Family Emergency Assistance Fund) – helps qualified patients with expenses to maintain quality of life, such as rent and mortgage payments, utility payments, and more.
MAGIC – a children's bereavement program designed to help children work through their grief after experiencing the loss of a loved one.
Music Therapy (Peaceful Harmony) – a certified music therapy utilizes live music to decrease a patient's anxiety and pain, promote relaxation, facilitate communication and improve overall quality of life.
Comfort Touch Massage Therapy – a complimentary massage therapy that is available to hospice patients to promote relief from pain.
SSM My Legacy – gives hospice patients the opportunity to preserve their memories and stories through video Life Reviews and photos.
Memories That Last – helps make our hospice patients' last wishes come true.
Peaceful Moments – provides a reassuring presence to patients and families or to patients who would otherwise be alone in their final hours of life.
Rehabilitative Therapies (The Vicki Horst Memorial Rehabilitation Fund) – funds services not supported by government or commercial pay for physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy.
The SSM Hospice and Home Care Foundation is non-profit, 501(c)(3). Under direction of regional Boards of Trustees, the Foundation raises funds via appeals, personal and corporate donations, events and grants. Patients or primary care givers may request assistance by contacting their SSM Social Worker.


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Car loans for consumers with the worst credit, so-called subprime and deep subprime, have fallen to its lowest share of auto loans overall since 2012.
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Many of the nearly seven million Americans living with psoriasis may be faced with physical, emotional or social challenges as they struggle with public stigmas and misperceptions of this painful, chronic immune disorder that affects the skin. Today marks the launch of a nationwide awareness campaign, "Stop Hiding from Psoriasis," led by Grammy Award-winning artist and psoriasis sufferer, LeAnn Rimes, who is working with the American Academy of Dermatology (Academy) and National Psoriasis Foundation to raise awareness of psoriasis and encourage sufferers to talk to their dermatologist about the impact of the disease.
LeAnn knows first-hand the physical and emotional pain of psoriasis. "Having battled severe psoriasis my whole life, I have gone to great lengths to hide my condition, especially as a performer. Over the years, I've had to deal with the emotional and physical toll psoriasis has had on my self-esteem and confidence, but today I no longer let psoriasis define who I am or how I feel about myself. I hope by joining this effort and sharing my story, others will be empowered to stop hiding from their psoriasis and better manage their disease and not let it limit them or their aspirations."
To view Multimedia News Release, go to http://www.prnewswire.com/mnr/stophiding/34769/


text:
Count, key, data (CKD) datas are stored on fixed block (FBA) disk recorders (DASD). A virtual track is created which emulates a physical CKD track such that the byte displacement of each CKD record on the virtual CKD track is the same as the byte displacement would be on a physical CKD track. This enables computer programs using CKD formatted data to record on the FBA recorder in an emulation mode. Each FBA block includes a header outside the addressing of the virtual CKD track which includes a byte displacement pointer to the beginning of a first CKD record stored in the FBA block, if any begins in such FBA block; otherwise the header indicates that no CKD record begins in the block. A last record indicator is included in the count field emula-tion for assisting in finding end of the virtual track.
1. A method of writing, on a recording disk formatted in fixed-block architecture (FBA) in fixed-length blocks, count-key-data (CKD)-formatted binary data records that are separated by interrecord gaps, comprising the steps of:
writing the CKD-formatted records into a buffer;
using an emulator, reorienting the records written into the buffer to create CKD-emulated records in FBA format by eliminating, from each CKD-formatted record before it is written to the disk, intrarecord gaps and bytes not essential for recreating the data in the respective CKD-emulated records in CKD format;
using the emulator, calculating the number and location of fixed-length blocks required to store each CKD-emulated record in a virtual track on the disk, where each virtual track consists of a predetermined number of fixed-length blocks at predetermined consecutive locations; and
using the emulator, writing to the disk the CKD-emulated records from the buffer via an FBA adaptor in fixed-length blocks containing (i) header data indicating whether or not a CKD-emulated record begins in each such block, (ii) a number indicating byte displacement address, and (iii) padding bytes between each set of adjacent CKD-emulated records including bytes corresponding to the interrecord gaps to assure that the beginning of each respective CKD-emulated record has the same byte displacement from a reference location on a virtual track on the disk as each respective corresponding CKD-formatted record would have from an index on a physical track of a CKD-formatted disk so that each CKD-emulated record can be accessed in a single revolution of the FBA-formatted disk by use of its byte displacement from its reference location as an address, without requiring a special directory or map list.
2. The method of claim 1, including the step of:
providing between each of the block identification indicia containing physical track address and location on the disk of the block which follows said indicia.
3. The method of claim 1, including the step of:
providing a binary indicator identifying the end of the last emulated record on a virtual track.
4. The method of claim 3, including the step of:
moving the binary indicator progressively as additional emulated records are added for identifying a then current last emulated record.
5. The method of claim 1, including the step of:
transmitting the CKD data from a programmed processor without buffering to the emulator without the said not essential bytes, which not essential bytes would have been generated if the CKD data had been sent to a CKD controller for recording in a physical track on a CKD-formatted disk.
6. An apparatus for recording count key data (CKD)-formatted binary data records, comprising:
a recording disk formatted in fixed-block architecture (FBA) with fixed-length data blocks;
a buffer;
en emulator connected to the buffer for generating, from each CKD-formatted record and storing in the buffer, a CKD-emulated record in FBA format;
an FBA adaptor operatively connected to the emulator and the disk for transmitting CKD-emulated records from the buffer under the control of the emulator to the disk for recording thereon in virtual tracks, where each virtual track consists of a predetermined number of fixed-length blocks at predetermined consecutive locations; and
said emulator being operative to (i) remove from each CKD-emulated record bytes not essential for recreating in CKD format the data of that respective CKD-formatted record, (ii) calculate the number and location of fixed-length blocks required to store each CKD-emulated record in a virtual track on the disk, (iii) provide, in each block, a number relating to byte displacement address and a binary indicator indicating whether a CKD-emulated record begins in such block, and (iv) provide, between adjacent CKD-emulated records, padding bytes in number sufficient to assure that the beginning of each respective CKD-emulated record has the same byte displacement from a single reference location in a virtual track on the FBA-formatted disk as each respective corresponding CKD-formatted record would have from an index if recorded on a physical track of a CKD-formatted disk.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/686,490 filed Apr. 15, 1991, abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/197,057 filed May 20, 1988, abandoned.
This invention relates to recording operations of an information handling system, more particularly to recording data arranged in a first format on a recording device that is formatted in a second format incompatible with the first format.
Information handling systems have used diverse formats for recording data on peripheral data recorders. When a given data recording format has been selected, the programming of the information handling system is designed to operate with the selected format. This limitation means that data recorders have to use the format contemplated in the programming, and vice versa. Some emulation of one recording format on another recording format has been achieved; such emulation has not enabled the programming to easily address the emulated format. That is, emulation software had to translate the addresses of the first format into different addresses of the second format. Such address translation not only obscures the record addresses of the first format when recorded over the second format but also can require substantial buffering and instruction execution resources.
Marilyn Bohl in INTRODUCTION TO IBM DIRECT ACCESS STORAGE DEVICES, publication SR20-4738, Science Research Associates, Inc. Chicago, Ill., in Chapter 4 describes two data formats. The first is the well known count, key, data (CKD) format used on International Business Machines Co. (IBM) disk recorders, also termed disk files and DASDs. Many large scale information handling systems employ CKD data format in their programming and recording. Bohl also describes fixed block (FB) recording, also termed fixed block architecture (FBA) format.
The CKD format enables efficient usage of disk space for large records by dividing disk track recording format in accordance with record size, whereas the FBA format uses a set of identically-sized addressable areas (termed blocks), each of which can store up to some fixed amount of data, such as 512 bytes, 1024 bytes, 2048 bytes, etc. For small record sizes (such as less than 512 bytes) FBA may have some advantages over CKD. In any event, information handling systems are employed which have DASDs some of which use CKD while others use FBA formats. Many of the programs executed in the systems are designed to work with CKD format; therefore it is desired to enable CKD formatted data to be recorded on record disks or members in FBA devices. It is also desired to maintain the CKD record addressability for all data records stored in FBA formats.
Prior recording of CKD formatted data on FBA devices is described generally in the IBM publication GA33-1528-2, Third Edition, September, 1982, entitled "IBM 4321/4331 Processors Compatibility Features" in pages 1--1 through 1-5 and 2-1 through 2-3. In this format superposed recording (not true emulation), CKD formatted data as found on IBM 2311 and 2314 DASD volumes were recorded onto an IBM 3310 FBA recorder. This publication teaches that all gaps (non data containing areas interposed between various fields of the data format when recorded onto DASD) are removed for compacting the CKD formatted data onto the FBA recorder. This action obscures the CKD addressability of records in the CKD format. Entire tracks of CKD recorders (even though the track is not filled with data) are recorded onto FBA recorders. Mapping of the format-superposed recording is shown on page 2-3 of the publication. It is desired to provide a true emulation of CKD format upon FBA formatted recorders by maintaining CKD rotational addressability of CKD records stored in the FBA recorder.
It is an object of this invention to reformat first formatted data records onto a second incompatible record format while maintaining the byte displacement relative position of the records of the first format in the second format.
It is another object of this invention to provide addressing data of the first format when recorded in a second incompatible format by adding control information to the second format while maintaining the byte displacement address of the records to be the same in both formats wherein the addressing in the second format uses a virtual track concept.
In accordance with the invention, data in a first format which includes a control field (such as count and key fields in CKD formatted data) and a data field in each addressable record is modified to be stored as data in a second incompatible format while maintaining byte displacement addressability of the records of the first format when modified to be stored in the second format. Such modification creates an emulation of the first format into the second format by maintaining inter-record gaps in both formats while deleting intra-record gaps, error detection redundancies, physical parameter data, padding unique to the first format, during the modification. The data arrangement in the second format is independent of the first format such that records are split between addressable portions of the second format.
Control information is added to each of the addressable portions of the second format relating to one control field of one record stored in the addressable portion. The length of data in the first format is completely variable enabling a minimal number of the addressable portions to be consumed in storing the modified first formatted data in the second format.
In a specific aspect of the invention, one or more DASD tracks of CKD formatted data is emulated on an FBA format as a virtual track wherein blocks of the FBA format are the addressable portions of the second format. This aspect includes emulating virtual CKD disks consisting of many virtual tracks of data.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a simplified showing of an information handling system in which the present invention may be advantageously practiced.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic showing of practicing the invention in the FIG. 1 illustrated information handling system.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic showing of first and second data formats and the emulation of the first data format in the second data format as practiced in the FIG. 2 showing.
FIG. 4 is a simplified flow chart of machine operations employed in the FIG. 2 showing.
Referring now more particularly to the drawing, like numbers and characters denote like parts and structural features shown in the various figures. An information handling system which advantageously employs this invention is shown as including a host processor 10 effecting programs out of main memory 11. Usual procedures are employed for paging the programs from peripheral program storage(not shown) to main memory 11. Channel processor 12 (which is usually packaged in the same cabinet as host processor 10) executes channel programs stored in main memory 11 for executing desired input-output machine operations for host processor 10. Such channel programs are respective lists of channel control words (CCW's) as practiced in the so-called 370 architecture computers manufactured by IBM. Such usual channel program execution is represented by the channel execution portion 13 of channel processor 12. Channel processor 12 is connected via the usual cabling to the FBA adaptor 15 which in turn is connected to FBA device or DASD 16. Storing and retrieval of data in and from DASD 16 using FBA format follows the known peripheral data storage techniques. DASD 16 includes a plurality of co-rotating disks 17 each of which have one or two recording surfaces with a large plurality of addressable record tracks arranged in cylinders, as is well known.
Since many of the programs executed by host processor 10 employ the well known CKD data format, such CKD formatted data cannot be directly recorded in DASD 16--a CKD formatted DASD would normally be used. To make the programs of host processor 10 operate with the DASD 16 FBA format, emulator 20 is interposed between channel execution 13 and FBA adaptor 15 for emulating CKD formatted data in FBA format. Emulator 20 can be logic circuits in the form of semiconductor chips, programming either in ROM form, diskette form or paged into channel processor 12 from peripheral program storage. Such emulator may be lodged in main memory 11 for execution by the circuits of channel processor 12 or be in a separate program memory of channel processor 12.
CKD data are stored in FBA DASD 16 as a virtual track of data. The CKD data may be one or more CKD tracks of data. The number of bytes in the virtual track is not dependent on any physical track size in any CKD device or FBA device, rather it is the size of the CKD formatted data that determines the size of the virtual track. The number of bytes in the CKD data is known or can be easily calculated, see Bohl, supra.
The following description assumes that a DASD 16 disk 17 has been formatted to receive CKD formatted data. See the flow chart entitled "Steps to Initialize an FBA Disk for CKD Emulation", infra. A first step in creating the emulation is to calculate the number of blocks of DASD 16 track(s) that are needed to store the data. Let X be the number of bytes in the CKD data and BPB be the number of bytes storable in one addressable block of DASD 16. Further, it is desired to record a control information header HD in each of the blocks for facilitating direct access to any CKD record in the emulated or virtual track. Let CID be the number of bytes to be used for the header. Then B blocks of FBA format (B is (X/(BPB-CID)) rounded to the next higher integer). B blocks of FBA DASD 16 are allocated to store the CKD data. Such allocation follows usual procedures. It matters not whether one or more FBA tracks are employed, whether or not the allocation is fragmented with the fragments being link listed together (fragmentation reduces performance) and whether or not the allocation begins at an index or end of track (EOT) of DASD 16.
The modification of the CKD data is best generally understood by reference to FIG. 2 which shows the flow of the modification and FIG. 3 which shows the formatting of the emulation. For purposes of this description, emulator 20 is implemented as a set of programs 25 executable in channel processor 12. These channel programs are flow charted in the latter portion of this description. The invention is also easily practiced by incorporating programs constructed in accordance with the invention in a peripheral subsystem control unit, such as FBA adaptor 15.
A virtual track buffer 26 is allocated as a part of main memory 11; in newer larger host processsors, channel processor 12 has its own memory, in that instance buffer 26 is allocated as a part of the channel processor 12 memory. Each entry area 27 has a storage capacity equal to the storage capacity of an FBA block. The leftmost two bytes of each entry store the later-described control information header HD and the remaining bytes of each buffer entry store the FBA formatted CKD data, a byte of CKD data immediately adjacent a header HD 27 is termed a first byte of such CKD data in each of the addressable units. HD is recorded in each FBA block in byte positions 0 and 1. CKD data is recorded in each FBA block beginning with byte position 2. Emulator 20 programs 25 process the CKD data to fit into the buffer 26 entries as shown in FIG. 3. The emulation is completed by emulator programs 25 doing a virtual rotational orientation of the virtual track using orientation table 28. This virtual orientation relates to the data stored in buffer 26. Once the CKD data is emulated on the FBA format within buffer 26, the buffer 26 contents flow through FBA adaptor 15 to DASD 16 for recording in the allocated FBA blocks. In a constructed embodiment, the contents of the allocated and emulator 20 formatted FBA blocks are read first from DASD 16 into buffer 26, whether or not such blocks contain any CKD data.
FIG. 3 shows the CKD and FBA formats with the CKD data being stored in true emulation in the FBA blocks. The CKD data format includes an end of track (EOT) indicator 30 (in a CKD DASD, EOT is the index). In the virtual track, EOT designates the beginning and end of the track, i.e. logically the virtual track is circular. Inter-record gap G1 at location 31 separates EOT from the first or reference record HA 32 always found in a CKD track. A second inter-record gap G2' 33 separates HA 32 from the record R0 34. R0 record 34 includes the control information field R0 count field (R0CF) 35 and the R0 data field R0DF 36. Third inter-record gap G3 37 separates record R0 34 from the first data record R1 40. Physical address mark A 41 is interposed between successive records within gap G3 in a CKD physical track. The CKD physical address information A is deleted from the emulation. CKD record 1 includes count field CF 42, key field KF 43 and data field DF 44. CF 43 is an optional field. The control information in record R1 40 is contained in CF 42 and KF 43. All subsequent records R2, et seg, in the CKD data use the illustrated well known format.
The FBA formatted track as it stores the CKD data for emulation is illustrated as FBA block 50 followed by FBA block 51. Block 50 is shown as storing the first portion of the CKD data. Block 50 can be at any circumferential location in the FBA track. FBID (fixed block physical identification) 52 is intermediate FBA blocks 50 and 51. FBID 52 stores the track address and the block address of the ensuing block. FBI 53 physically identifies block 50 location on the FBA disk. This FBA physical identification replaces the CKD physical identification used with the CKD format on DASD. Such substitution allows recovery processes which employ physical DASD locations. As will become apparent the CKD record address in byte displacement from the beginning of the data has a predetermined known relationship to the FBA physical address allowing directly and randomly addressing any of the CKD records as stored on the FBA formatted disk.
FBA block 50 illustrates the packing of the CKD formatted data for maintaining CKD byte displacement addressing of the CKD records. Note that the CKD byte displacement addressing on a CKD formatted disk is the rotational position of the record on the CKD track. True emulation requires that this same byte displacement occur in the virtual track as such track is realized physically in an FBA formatted disk. Block 50 has its first two bytes 0 and 1 occupied by the control header HD 55. Each control header HD 55 includes a byte displacement pointer 56 which points to the first byte of the first occurring count field stored in the instant FBA block. In FBA block 50 pointer 56 points to the first or initial byte of R0CF, the record R0 34 count field 35. If a given FBA block is storing no CKD count field, then the pointer is null and an indicator bit 59 is set to indicate no record begins (no count field) in the instant FBA block. Other control information beyond the present description may also be included in control header HD 55. Beginning at byte 2 (3 bytes displaced from the beginning of the FBA block), is gap G1 31. This inter-record gap has a correct number of gap indicating bytes (zeros, for example) so that the first byte of record HA 32 begins at the same byte displacement within FBA block 50 as HA 32 is displaced from EOT 30 in the CKD format. CKD inter-record gap 33 is similarly replicated in FBA block 50 between HA 32 and record R0 34 such that the first byte of R0CF 35 has the same displacement from byte 2 of FBA block 50 (beginning of the virtual CKD track) as it does from EOT in the CKD format. All succeeding inter-record gaps 37 and 63 are similarly sized to achieve the byte displacement of the first byte of each CKD count field from the beginning of the CKD track and also from the beginning of the virtual track. Since the actual numerical computation is readily apparent from the two formats as described by Bohl, supra, the computation is omitted for purposes of brevity.
The physical relationship of the virtual track to the FBA blocks is relatively simple. Each FBA block is shown as capable of storing 2048 bytes. Since two bytes are used for HD 55, each FBA block stores 2046 bytes of the virtual track. FBA block 50 stores bytes 0 through 2045 while the next adjacent FBA block 52 stores bytes 2046 through 4091 the third FBA block (not shown) stores bytes 4092 through 6137, etc for all succeeding FBA blocks (not shown) storing the CKD data as a virtual CKD track. The last FBA block in the allocated set of B (B is an integer) FBA blocks will probably not be completely used by the virtual track. In such instance, padding bytes fill the unused portion of the last allocated FBA block.
Much of the control information found in the CKD track is deleted and not recorded in the virtual CKD track of the physical FBA blocks. Each FBA block typically has its own error detection and correction (ECC) redundancy, its own padding bytes, its own physical parameter indications(such as defect information) and the like. The related DASD physical parameters found in the control portions of CKD recordings are deleted, all that are retained are those parameters necessary for logically defining the virtual track in sufficient precision to enable accessing records using the CKD byte address. The CKD count field is reduced from 28 bytes to 12 bytes. The retained 12 bytes contain CCHH (cylinder head address), R (record number), KL (key length in bytes), and DL (data length in bytes). In addition, to identify the last record in the virtual track, emulator 20 adds one bit to the count field CF emulation. The one added bit LC 65, when set to 1, indicates that the count field is the last count field of the virtual CKD track. As records are added to the virtual track, the LC bit 65 that is set to unity is moved to the last added record. All other LC bits 65 are reset to zero. An LC bit 65 is also included in R0CF 35.
Orientation table in buffer 26 indicates the virtual rotational CKD byte displacement information enabling CKD related programs to readily address and transfer data within buffer 26. Table 28 contains several entries as listed below:
TABLE 28______________________________________EMULATOR ORIENTATION______________________________________OR oriented bit (logical or virtual orientation)CC current cylinder addressCH current head addressCS current sector addressCFP current field pointerCFT current field type (count, key or data)NCP next count field pointerPCP previous count field pointerDL CKD data field length in bytesKL key field length in bytesNMR no more records bit______________________________________
Emulator 20 uses table 28 to logically emulate seeks and other DASD physical activity related to accessing CKD data on an actual CKD DASD. FIG. 4 is a simplified flow chart showing emulation activity related to data area accessing CKD data recorded and emulated on FBA DASD. A first operation in any DASD is to seek to the addressed track. Hence emulate seek step 70 (see textual flow chart "Execution of Seek Command") is performed in response to a SEEK channel command received from channel execution 13. Emulator 20 updates table 28 to reflect the CC and CH parameters passed with the SEEK command. Channel execution 13 generates the SEEK command from a SEEK CCW, as is known. A second step 73 is to obtain rotational orientation (OR=0 above since there has been no rotational--byte displacement identification--orientation). A SET SECTOR channel command indicated by arrow 72 causes emulator 20 to emulate the SET SECTOR operations of a CKD device (see textual flow chart "Execution of Set Sector Command). This command merely identifies the rotational position (byte displacement) at which an ensuing data transfer command will be addressed. The OR bit of orientation table 28 is still zero. At this time no data has been moved from DASD 16 to buffer 26. When a SEARCH ID channel command is issued by channel execution at arrow 74, then host processor 10 is saying it wants data to be transferred. At this point in the sequence, emulator 20 accesses DASD 16 to stage data from DASD 16 to buffer 26 as indicated at step 75. Note that the ID portion of SEARCH ID gives identification in CKD address parameters; these parameters are not translated to independent addresses except for identifying which FBA block is storing the CKD count field CF related to the SEARCH ID command. This computation is simple, therefore no numerical examples are given.
As soon as FBA blocks are stored in buffer 26, emulator 20 accesses the buffer 26 in step 76 to emulate finding a CKD record on a CKD DASD. Once the desired record is found in buffer 26, a DE (device end) is sent to host processor 10 indicating orientation has occurred. The OR bit of orientation table 28 is set to unity.
Host processor 10 issues a data transfer command indicated by arrow 77 causing emulator 20 to emulate in step 78 a CKD readout at from DASD by transferring data between buffer 26 and main memory 11. During such a data transfer, emulator 20 continues to stage FBA blocks from DASD 16 into buffer 26 simulating disk rotation in the buffer. Usually, a host processor reads or writes a large plurality of records beginning with a first addressed record. This activity continues until the end of the virtual track (end of the CKD data) irrespective of the index marks related to FBA operations with DASD 16, a received channel command indicates that the data transfer is stopping or an end of the channel operation is indicated. This continued staging independent of the host processor accesses is indicated by arrow 79.
Below are textual flow charts showing the details of the above described operations. The Glossary following the flow charts indicate the meaning of abbreviations used. Any programming language or logic hardware may be used to implement these flow charts. In a practical embodiment, other channel command execution commands in addition to what are illustrated may be used to complete a machine.
The textual flow charts below show the machine steps in channel processor 12 which illustrate the invention; these steps do not describe a complete machine design as such other programs and structures found in a complete machine are not necessary to practice the present invention.
Validate received command
Verify that filemask allows seeks
Read seek parameters from received command, verify format
Validate cylinder (CC) and head (HH) addresses
IF seek needed (current CCHH does not equal requested CCHH), then continue, else go to step labelled "CEDE to channel"
Save CCHH and apply same to seek circuits
Set "need to seek" bit 100 NS=1
Set "oriented bit" to OR=0
CEDE to channel; check chaining and proceed
Validate received command
Read filemask parameters from received command
Save filemask
Set "oriented bit" to OR=0
CEDE to channel; check chaining and proceed
Validate received command
Read parameters from received command
Validate sector number of command and save it as S
Set "oriented" bit OR=0
CEDE to channel; check for chaining and continue.
Validate received command
IF OR=0, call GET ORIENTED subroutine
Read parameters from received command
IF CFT=CNT, then do CASE I, else
IF CFT=R0CNT, then do CASE II, else
IF ID points to a non-count field of a record other than last record OR if ID points to HA and R0 exists, do
CASE III, else
IF (oriented beyond last record OR to non-count field of last record) AND not a multi-track operation, do CASE IV, else
IF (oriented beyond last record OR to non-count field of last record) AND multi-track operation is being performed, do CASE V
Set SIZE=number of bytes of received parameters
Compare SIZE, starting at PTR with parameters
Send results to channel, successful or unsuccessful compare; if SIZE<5, on successful compare, save as SIZE 5.
Do ending status
IF KL=0; then CFT=DF, else CFT=KF
IF KL=0, then CFT=R0DF, else CFT=R0KF
KL=key length of record at pointer PTR
DL=data length of record at pointer PTR
IF CFT=HA field, then PCP=CFP, else PCP=next count (calculate next count pointer)
IF KL=0, then CFT=DF; else CFT=KF
NCP=calculate next count pointer(call subroutine)
IF LC=1, then NMR=true (1), ELSE NMR=false (0)
IF EOT (index passed)=1, then ERROR; else EOT=1 (index passed
BBLAST=(T*C+H)*B+(BPS*S/BBB)-1 (see Glossary for BBB)
Set S to be >G1/BPS and <(G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH))/BPS
Call GET ORIENTED at step 4
IF GET ORIENTED=0, then indicate no record found, else record found
if KL=0, then CFT=R0DF, else CFT=R0KF
Set H=H+1, IF new H>T, signal error
Set S>(G1/BPS) but <(G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH)/BPS
Call GET ORIENTED beginning at step 2
IF no record found, return to Set S, else continue
IF KL=0, then CFT=R0DF, else CFT=R0KF
Validate received command
IF previous CMD was SEARCH that compared equal; PO=1
IF OR=0, call GET ORIENTED
IF oriented to non R0 record OR (oriented to R0 and PO=1, then do CASE A, else
IF oriented to R0 AND (previous CMD was not SEARCH ID nor
SEARCH KEY and R1 is present, do CASE B, else
IF oriented to HA AND R0 and R1 are present, then do CASE C,
IF EOT=1 and not a multi-track operation, then do CASE D, else
IF EOT=1 and it is a multi-track operation, then do CASE E
Read number of bytes L from location PTR
IF L=0, UC to channel with CEDE, else CEDE to channel
IF CFT=KF OR R0KF, then PTR=PTR+KL, else
IF CFT=CNT or R0CF, then PTR=PTR+12+KL
PCP=calculate next CNT from PCP
IF NMR=1, then CFT=index (EOT), else DO
KL=KL of CFP
DL=DL of CFP
NCP=calculate from CNT of CFP
IF LC=1, then NMR=1, else NMR=0
L=DL of CFP
CFP=calculate next CNT from CNT of CFP
IF LC=1 for PCP, then CFT=EOT, else DO
KL=KL of CFP
DL=DL of CFP
NCP=calculate next CNT from CFP
IF LC=1, then NMR=1, else NMR=0
PTR=calculate next CNT from NCP
L=DL of PTR
IF EOT=1, set ERROR, else set EOT=1
BBLAST=(T*C+H)* B+(BPS*S/BBB)-1 (BBB--see Glossary)
Set S>(G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH)/BPS
Set S<(G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH+G2+G3+SIZE(CF)+PADC+ECCC+8+ECCD)/BPS
Call GET ORIENTED, start at step 4
IF OR=0, no record found, else record found
Set H=H+1, IF new H>T, set ERROR
Set S>(G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH)/BPS
Set S<(G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH+G2+G3+SIZE(CF)+PADC+ECCC+8+PADD+ECCD)/BPS
Call GET ORIENTED, start from step 2
IF NRF=1, (no record is found), return to first step of CASE E, else continue
Send L bytes to channel, starting from PTR
IF L=0, CEDE UC to channel, else CEDE to channel
Validate received command
CKD data is received from host processor and stored in a separate buffer area of main memory 11, the following steps operate on the stored CKD data after it is converted as shown in FIG. 3.
IF CFT=KF or R0KF, then PTR=PTR+KL
Store L bytes of CKD data from host in buffer 26 at PTR.
Write updated or new FBA blocks (such as 50 and 51) into DASD 16.
Upon writing all FBA blocks to DASD 16, send CEDE to the channel. Proceed to other operations.
This subroutine manages orientation table 28.
IF no SEEK command this chain of commands, CC=CH=0
IF no SET Sector command this chain of commands CS=0
Identify the first FBA block to be staged to buffer 26, i.e. which stores the first record to be transferred. first FBA block address=(T*C+H)*B+(BPS*CS/BBB) rounded to next lower integer
Identify last FBA block to be staged to buffer 26 from DASD 16.
last FBA block address=(T*C+H)*B+(B-1)
Read FBA blocks identified above and all intermediate FBA blocks into buffer 26 as shown in FIG. 2. Keep HD's separate from data in FBA blocks (bytes 2-2046)
Examine HD of first FBA block;
IF no pointer to a CF in the FBA block, examine HD's succeeding FBA blocks until the first count field is located.
IF EOT is reached without a count field, then stage FBA blocks from beginning of the virtual track to the first FBA block to find a count field, if no count field is found, signal UC to channel.
Set FBA block NR (block having first count field)=first FBA block-(T*C+H)*B
Set Z=(NR*BBB)+offset pointer from HD (number of bytes the first byte of the first count field is inside the FBA block NR
IF BPS*S <Z, then orientation is to HA or a count field beyond sector S, skip to "step 9), else continue
IF LC=0, then:
Set Z'=Z+12+KL+DL+PADC+ECCC+PADD+ECCD+G2+G3
IF KL is not zero, then Z=Z'+PADK+ECCK+G2, else Z=Z'
(Above assumes search is between first record and EOT)
Set NS=0 (no need to seek)
Update orientation table 28
KL=KL in count field of record
DL=DL in count field of record
CC=cylinder address in count field of record
CH=head address in count field of record
CFT=IF S*BPS<G1, to HA; else IF G1<S*BPS<G1+G2'+SIZE(HA)+PADH+ECCH, to R0 count field R0CF, else CF of data record "n".
IF LC=1, then set NMR=1, else NMR=0
Return to caller
Pointer PTR2 points to next count field location in the emulated virtual track.
IF PTR=G1, then PTR2=PTR+12+PADH+ECCH+G2'else PTR2=PTR+12+KL(record pointed to by PTR)+DL(record pointed to by PTR)+PADC+ECCC+PADD+ECCD+G2+G3
IF KL(of record pointed to by PTR)=0; then PTR2=PTR2+G2+PADK+ECCK
Return PTR2 to caller
Let X=number of bytes in a CKD track
Let B=X/BBB (number of blocks used for each CKD track,)
Number of tracks per CKD device is product of number of cylinders times the number of tracks per cylinder. Number of blocks for each CKD device is the product of B times the number of tracks in the CKD device.
Let CYL=the number of cylinders of emulated CKD device
First initialize all FBA blocks on FBA disk to be used for emulation to store the hexidecimal pattern 0008 in bytes 0 and 1 of each FBA block to be used. In addition, every Bth block contains a logical HA and R0 record. This inclusion is described below.
DO for all of the FBA blocks to be initialized with HA and R0:
Set buffer 26 to one FBA block which will be repeatedly used.
In bytes 0 and 1 store G1 in first 12 bits and all 0's in last 4 bits.
At byte offset of G1+2 in the respective blocks, write HA with zero's in flag byte, CC=cylinder number incremented from 0 to CYL-1; HH=track number incremented from zero to T-1, R byte (record number)=zero; KL=0; DL=0, LC=0 and pad bytes=0's
At byte offset in the respective blocks of G1+G1'+2(HA) +ECCH+PADH create R0 as above for HA except that DL=8 and LC is all ones.
Write block from current buffer to FBA disk at appropriate blocks separated by B -1 blocks on the FBA disk.
This flow chart relates to copying data from a CKD track to the B FBA blocks on the FBA disk.
Make buffer 26 with B buffer entries (number 0 through B-1)
Set B flag bits BF 101 in main memory initialized to 0 (false); when for a given FBA block (buffer 26 entry), its flag BF=1, then control information has been recorded for the FBA block related to the flag bit. In buffer 26 store the binary pattern 00001000 in the second byte of all respective HD's. This pattern indicates no data has been recorded in the represented FBA block.
CB 102 points to the next byte to be written into buffer 26 entry. Minimum value is 2 (jump over HD bytes 0 and 1).
The CKD track has been copied as a CKD track in main memory 11 having fields HA, R0CF, R0DF, CF1, KF1, DF1, etc.
Memory pointers are all zeros.
The count fields have only 12 bytes rather than 28--CKD physical parameters etc have been deleted.
Each time Write is called, bytes are written starting from CB, the HD bytes are always skipped. If a count field is being written and its corresponding flag BF is off, its flag BF is set on. The corresponding HD is made to contain an offset to the written count field. CB is always updated.
STEPS of writing CKD into a buffer entry.
Write G1 zero bytes (update CB each byte recorded)
Write HA
Write G2'+Size(HA)-12+PADH+ECCH of zero bytes
Write R0CF
Write R0DF
Write G2+G3+Size(CNT)-12+PADC+ECCC+PADD+ECCD of zero bytes.
Repeat for each CKD record other than record R0:
Write CF
Write KF
Write DF
Write G1+G2+G3+Size(CNT)-12+PADC+ECCC+PADK+ECCK+PADD+ECCD of zero bytes.
Write buffer 26 to the B FBA blocks on DASD 16
B--Number of FBA blocks involved in one CKD virtual track
BB--Block number of first FBA block to be staged into the current buffer. BBB The value BPB-CID but not BB
BBLAST--The FBA block number of the last block to be staged into the current buffer in on CKD staging operation.
BF--Flag related to block b indicating whether or not formatted
BPB--Number of bytes per FBA block
BPS--Number of bytes per sector in CKD data format
CB--Pointer to current byte being processed
CC--Cylinder number or address of CKD device being emulated
CCW--Channel command (control) word
CE--Channel End signal, indicates channel can be freed
CEDE--Channel End, Device End, indicates to channel operations completed
CF--Count field in CKD format record
CFP--Current field pointer
CFT--Current field type
CID--The number of bytes for the header in an FBA device
CKD--Count, key, data
CMD--Channel command
CYL--Number of cylinders in one CKD DASD
DE--Device end, signal to channel that device has completed operation
DF--Data field of CKD format record
DL--Length of data field DF, a field in count field CF
ECC--Error detection and correction redundancy
ECCC--Number of ECC bytes in count field CF
ECCD--Number of ECC bytes in data field DF
ECCH--Number of ECC bytes in HA
ECCK--Number of ECC bytes in key field KF
EOT--End of track, relates to index of physical DASD
FBA--Fixed Block Architecture
Gx--Gap length in bytes where x=1 through 3, CKD format
HH--Head or surface address of DASD (CKD or FBA)
HA--Home Address record of CKD format
HD--Header (control field) in FBA block for CKD emulation
KF--Key field of CKD format
NCP--Next count field pointer
NR--Next CKD record to be accessed
NRF--No record found meeting search criteria
NS--Need to seek bit or flag
PADC--Number of pad bytes in count field CF
PADD--Number of pad bytes in data field DF
PADH--Number of pad bytes in HA
PADK--Number of pad bytes in key field KF
PCP--Previous count field pointer
PDS--Partitioned data
PO--Previously oriented logically
PTR--Pointer used to point to field/item being processed
R--Record number, field is in count field CF
S--Sector number
SIZE--Size of field in bytes on CKD device being emulated (field identified following term)
T--Number of tracks in one cylinder of DASD
UC--Unit Check, a signal to the channel indicating an error
VTOC--Volume table of contents in DASD
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Some might say that "bigger is better", but when it comes to today's PCs, that doesn't have to be the case. Rather, you can easily build a feature-rich and high-performance PC that can be entirely hidden from view. Mini-ITX motherboards exist to help with that, and where those are concerned, Gigabyte's H55N-USB3 is well-worth looking out for.
Photo manipulation benchmarks are more relevant than ever, given the proliferation of high-end digital photography hardware. For this benchmark, we test the system's handling of RAW photo data using Adobe Lightroom, an excellent RAW photo editor and organizer that's easy to use and looks fantastic.
For our testing, we take 100 RAW files (in Nikon's .NEF file format) which have a 10-megapixel resolution, and export them as JPEG files in 1000×669 resolution, similar to most of the photos we use here on the website. Such a result could also be easily distributed online or saved as a low-resolution backup. This test involves not only scaling of the image itself, but encoding in a different image format. The test is timed indirectly using a stopwatch, and times are accurate to within +/- 0.25 seconds.
Autodesk's 3ds Max is without question an industry standard when it comes to 3D modeling and animation, with DreamWorks, BioWare and Blizzard Entertainment being a few of its notable users. It's a multi-threaded application that's designed to be right at home on multi-core and multi-processor workstations or render farms, so it easily tasks even the biggest system we can currently throw at it.
For our testing, we use two project files that are designed to last long enough to find any weakness in our setup and also allows us to find a result that's easily comparable between both motherboards and processors. The first project is a dog model included on recent 3ds Max DVD's, which we infused with some Techgage flavor. This is rendered at an 1100×825 resolution.
As usual, it's hard to pick a board from the pack, given the lead keeps flip-flopping from one board to the next.


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Ivan the Terrible and The Russian Church in the 16th Century
Fr. Thomas Hopko, Dean Emeritus of St. Vladimir's Seminary, discusses the Orthodox Church in the 16th Century—a pivotal time in Russia that saw both the reign of Ivan the Terrible and the autocephaly of the Russian Church.


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On April 7, 2014, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced that the numerical limit for the H-1B Cap has been met. The USCIS confirmed that it received 172,500 H-1B petitions in one week, exceeding the 65,000 maximum for regular H-1B petitions and the 20,000 maximum for individuals with a U.S. Master's degree or higher (collectively known as the H-1B Cap). The USCIS implemented a lottery system to randomly select the number of petitions required to reach the numerical limit of 85,000 total, and those petitions that are not selected in the lottery will be rejected. As was the case last year, employers whose petitions are not selected in the lottery should learn the results by May, approximately 30-45 days after the first available filing date. U.S. businesses use the H-1B program to employ foreign workers in occupations that require highly specialized knowledge in fields such as science, engineering, and computer programming.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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On the 17th of December 1979 His Highness Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Al-Khalifa, the late Amir of Bahrain, inaugurated the Associated Gas Project marking a major step in the Government of Bahrain's determination to use energy effectively. The primary objective of this project was to use the large quantities of associated gas extracted from the Bahrain Oil Field, which for more than 40 years, had previously been wasted. Now this valuable natural resource, through maximum utilization, produces a substantial contribution to the National Economy and has created employment opportunities for the national workforce.
The Project was incorporated as the Bahrain National Gas Company B.S.C. (BANAGAS), 75% owned by the Government of Bahrain with the remaining 25% equally owned by the Arab Petroleum Investment Corporation and Caltex Bahrain, now Chevron Bahrain. At a cost of US$100 million the project included the construction of four gas compressor stations, a processing plant to recover Propane, Butane and Naphtha, and a storage area at Sitra.
It was a historic event for Bahrain when the Japanese tanker "Yuyo Maru" was loaded with the first shipment of 5,000 metric tons of Butane in March 1980. Since then, the Company has continued to produce products conforming to the highest international specifications.
Due to a substantial increase in the quantity of associated gas extracted from the Bahrain Oil Field during subsequent years, an Expansion Project was launched in 1988 to upgrade plant processing capacity from 170 to 280 MMSCFD. The Project, which was implemented by the Government of Bahrain as a sole venture, involved construction of two additional compressor stations and a new processing train at the Central Gas Plant. The Project was commissioned in October 1990.
In 2003, another compressor station was constructed as part of the Project to process additional quantities of associated gas, as well as propane and butane-rich refinery off gas under an agreement with the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO).
In 2008, the Project was converted into an independent company, the Bahrain National Gas Expansion Company S.P.C., solely owned by the Oil and Gas Holding Company (Nogaholding).
At the Central Gas Plant LPG is recovered from the gas and Propane, Butane and Naphtha produced through fractionation. Propane and Butane are transported to the Storage area at Sitra and stored in refrigerated LPG tanks for onward export to various parts of the world while Naphtha is transferred to the Bahrain Refinery (BAPCO) for storage and onward export mainly to Asia.
The residual lean gas, mainly methane and ethane, is routed to Aluminum Bahrain, the Bahrain Refinery and Electricity Directorate's Riffa Power Station to be used in operating their gas turbines after meeting the Company's own fuel gas requirements.
With the exception of a small quantity of propane supplied to the local market all our products are exported. Each year an international tender is issued and award make under a sealed bid process. A specialist in-house team handles the tender process and logistics support, from scheduling of vessels to provision of documentary instructions.
When the Company first started operations Bahraini personnel represented 48% of the total workforce. However, in line with the Company's policy to create an efficient and highly skilled national workforce, vigorous development and training programmes were implemented. At present the Company employs just under 500 people, 94% of which are Bahrainis.


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Jenny Halloween WordPress Theme 36034 has a width of 2550 pixels and is available in the following sources: .PSD, .PHP, and this theme is widgetized. Software required includes Winzip 9+ (Windows) or Stuffit Expander 10+ (Mac) for uncompressing .zip files, Adobe Photoshop CS+, Apache Server, Hosting with PHP5x and MySQL5x, WordPress 3.2.1, Hosting Requirements: PHP 5.2.4 or higher, MySQL 5.0 or higher, and Apache mod_rewrite module, and Hosting Requirements: PHP 5.3 or higher, MySQL 5.0 or higher, and the mod_rewrite Apache module. It has had a total of total of 2 downloads since it first appeared.


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Barbecue Chicken
10 Jul 2009
|Broiler fryer
|1 , cut up
|Tomato juice
|1 Can (10 oz)
|1 Small, grated
|Tarragon vinegar
|2 Tablespoon
|Prepared mustard
|1 Tablespoon
|Worcestershire sauce
|1 Tablespoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|Granulated low calorie sweetener/Liquid low calorie sweetener
|1 Teaspoon
Preheat broiler.
Place chicken, skin side down, in a single layer on rack in broiler pan.
Combine tomato juice, onion, vinegar, mustard, Worcestershire sauce, salt, pepper and your favorite low calorie sweetener, using the equivalent of 1 tablespoon sugar, in a small bowl.
Brush some over chicken.
Place broiler pan about 8 inches from heat.
Broil, basting often with sauce, 20 minutes; turn' skin side up.
Continue broiling, basting often with sauce, 20 minutes longer, or until chicken is richly browned and tender.
Serve with cooked rice, if you wish (92 calories per 1/2 cup serving).
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Barbecue Chicken Recipe


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LeT terrorist and 26/11 Mumbai attack key handler Abu Jundal was on Tuesday remanded to judicial custody till December 10 by a Delhi court in connection with a case lodged by the NIA against him for allegedly conspiring to launch terror strikes across the country.
Jundal was produced before District Judge I.S. Mehta, who had on Monday directed the Tihar Jail authorities to produce the accused before him, and the court sent him to jail under judicial custody for two weeks, the court sources said.
The court had on Monday issued production warrant against Jundal after he could not appear before it in connection with an FIR lodged by National Investigation Agency (NIA) following unearthing of a Lashkar-e-Toiba's (LeT) conspiracy for terror strikes across the country.
Jundal had earlier claimed before the court that he was "tortured" physically and mentally during the probe by various agencies since his arrest in June this year.
Gujarat ATS had earlier taken Jundal's custody for questioning on his alleged role in the 2006 Karanawati Express train blast at Ahmedabad station. Jundal is alleged to be one of the main conspirators of the blast.
The court on October 20 had remanded Jundal to judicial custody after the NIA had said he was not required for further custodial interrogation in connection with the case.
Prior to that, Jundal had been handed over to the ATS Mumbai after Delhi Police had said he was no longer required to be interrogated by it in the Jama Masjid attack case.
Mumbai ATS had secured his custody in connection with the 2006 Aurangabad arms haul case, the 26/11 Mumbai mayhem, the 2010 German bakery blast and the Nasik Academy attack.
The Delhi police had earlier filed a charge sheet against Jundal accusing him of being involved in terror activities across India to avenge the alleged atrocities against Muslims, particularly those committed during the 2002 Gujarat riots.
The charge sheet filed by the Special Cell of Delhi Police in the court of Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Vidya Prakash, had said Jundal had disclosed that he along with LeT chief Zaki-ur-Rehman alias Lakhvi, monitored the 26/11 attacks from a control room set up at Malir in Karachi, Pakistan.
The charge sheet said after his arrest from the IGI Airport here on June 21 this year, Jundal, during questioning, had admitted to his role in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attack.
The Delhi Police had said this in a supplementary charge sheet in the Jama Masjid blast case in which 11 alleged members of terror outfit Indian Mujahideen (IM) were charge sheeted earlier.
Keywords: 26/11 case, Mumbai terror attack case, Abu Jundal arrest


text:
Dog fighting lurks out of sight and out of control
Penny-ante urban cards a far cry from top echelon of already cruel blood sport
By Jim Nesbitt
DURHAM, N.C. -- As Karen Tiller slowly cruises the side streets and alleys of this city, she trolls for signs of an elusive felon, the urban kinsman of that traditionally rural Southern outlaw, the dog fighter.
Her search doesn't center on the high-stakes canine combat that a federal indictment accuses Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick of hosting at his rural Virginia home. Tiller focuses on the "street fighter," a spectral, city-based player who dwells at the lower levels of an already cruel blood sport.
His fights aren't bound by the rules that govern -- and often cut mercifully short -- the formal matches of dog fighting's upper echelons. And his dogs aren't the top-dollar pit bulls carefully bred and rigorously trained for the cash-heavy clashes. They're backyard fighting dogs of indifferent breeding and haphazard conditioning -- mostly pit bulls and pit bull mixes, unpapered mutts whose bloodlines can't be traced to the fifth generation.
Street fighters match their dogs in snarling, lock-jawed and bloody scraps, spontaneous frays that take place in a shed, a vacant lot or an abandoned house. In these back-street battles, the bet might be $100 or a pack of cigarettes compared with the thousands wagered on elite fighting dogs.
Sometimes there is nothing more on the line than the street cred of having the meanest, toughest dog on the block.
And when it's over, dogs, owners and spectators get long gone, leaving little other than scuffled dirt and bloody spoor in their wake. Maybe there's also a bloodstained carpet or panels of plywood used to form an instant fighting pit.
For Tiller, a Durham County animal control officer, the hunt for street fighters is like playing a shell game with ghosts.
"Bad thing about dog fighting is finding it and proving it," said Tiller, 40. "We know it's going on. We see signs of it every day. But you'd have to turn the corner at just the right time to bust a dogfight."
The elusive nature of the street fighter's game means Tiller and other Durham County animal control officers look for the footprints of a fighting operation. They try to pile up enough circumstantial evidence to get a search warrant and prove an owner is keeping dogs for fighting -- a felony in North Carolina.
They hope to spot a pit bull with fresh gashes to the head, throat or legs, wounds consistent with dog fighting. A tangle of scars on the same body parts indicates ancient battles.
But they often must settle for more indirect evidence -- a heavy logging chain a pit bull has to drag around, adding strength and bulk to its chest and legs; a "break stick" used to pry apart the jaws of pit bulls locked in combat; or a rope hanging a few feet above the ground used to encourage a dog to clamp down with its powerful jaws while hanging in midair.
Sometimes, all they get is a dirt yard packed with a dozen or more barking, lunging pit bulls chained to trees, telephone poles and pipes, their coats of brown, black, white or brindle coated with dust, the sour stench of their excrement overpowering in the hot, still air.
That was the scene Tiller and two colleagues rolled up on as the mercury climbed toward the triple digits and they checked out a ramshackle clapboard house.
More than a dozen pit bulls were chained next to makeshift doghouses scattered across the front yard, side yard and steeply sloped back end of the property. When animal control officers accompanied police officers on a recent drug raid at the house, they counted 17 pit bulls and pit bull mixes and slapped the property owner with a $1,700 citation -- none of the charges related to dog fighting.
That many pit bulls crowding a single property is a strong but indirect sign of dog fighting, the animal control officers say.
"There's no good reason for somebody to own 17 dogs -- they can't afford to," said James Fitzherbert, a Durham County animal control officer.
But Fitzherbert can't be sure. Pit bulls are also popular for protection, intimidation and status. They've become "accessory dogs" for people who want to cut a thuggish figure.
"If you're looking to project a tough image, a Pomeranian on a leash doesn't cut it -- a snarling pit bull does," said Dr. Kelli Ferris, a veterinary science professor at North Carolina State University who also campaigns against dog fighting.
Street fighters also abuse their pit bulls to make them aggressive toward both people and other dogs, Ferris said. And that makes them dangerous for neighbors and animal control officers who have to handle abandoned or seized pit bulls, which are flooding shelters, crowding out other, adoptable breeds.
"A dog like this is not rehabilitatable except for a special person who knows what they've got -- a loaded gun," said Cindy Bailey, Durham County animal control administrator, as she petted a seized pit bull, nicknamed Scarface, that will eventually be euthanized.
Tiller and her colleagues know they are tracking the lower-money and less-organized end of this blood sport, its players inspired by the songs and videos of rappers such as Jay-Z or DMX and other markers of hip-hop culture who glorify dog fighting.
The federal indictment against Vick and three associates illustrates how the high end of dog fighting is no longer a backwoods and largely Southern phenomenon.
The 18-page document accuses the four of operating "Bad Newz Kennels," a dog-fighting operation based in a home Vick owned in rural Surry County, Va. But the charges also allege Vick or his associates traveled to dogfights in Maryland and New Jersey to match their pit bulls against dogs from New York and the Garden State.
This indicates dog fighting is now a big-money activity in such major cities as Chicago, New York and Dallas, said John Goodwin, manager of animal fighting issues for the Humane Society of the United States. Fueled by the growing number of urban dog fighters, it crosses lines of race, ethnicity, class and geography.
Nationwide, Goodwin estimates there are as many as 50,000 dog fighters, ranging from the serious pro to the street fighter. And where the urban and rural worlds of dog fighting collide in big-money matches, they tend to follow the traditional codes of the blood sport.
But the street-fighting game has few rules. It also has some particularly cruel twists, including "trunking," a mobile battle where two dogs are thrown into the trunk of a car and bets are placed on which dog will emerge alive when the car stops and the lid is lifted.
Mid-South breeds dogs for brutality
Here are some numbers:
Pit bulls, the most popular breed for fighting, used to fill just a tenth of all Memphis Animal Services cages; today, it's more than half.
In the past two years, close to 4,000 pit bulls have been taken in; 85 percent were destroyed by lethal injection.
Greater Memphis Reacts
Sgt. Vincent Higgins, spokesman for Memphis Police, which helps Animal Services: "They will usually have (a dog fight) in a backyard on private property. There's usually an enclave that protects the operator, so it's hard to find somebody to complain about it. Dog fighting is most often prosecuted as animal cruelty. If we want to catch them during betting, it's part of the vice group, and it's really difficult."
Source: The Commercial Appeal archives.
-- Mark Watson
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- Emergency Service Available
- Non-Invasive Detection Methods
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If you are experiencing a water leak in your home or business, finding the source must be done quickly to avoid long term damage. Luckily, Cork'd leak detection in Tuscaloosa helps you easily compare pricing and get a specialist to your door as soon as possible. Tuscaloosa leak detection services will range from acoustic to infrared tests of your walls, floors, and major appliances to determine the exact nature of your leak. Armed with high quality equipment, Cork'd professionals are available 24/7 to supply you with:
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At Prior Heath we recognise that every child is a special individual with their own needs. We aim to provide a quality learning environment in which everyone is given the opportunity to achieve their full potential and become a valued member of our community. We work hard to provide a happy, caring atmosphere in which children are able to understand and value their achievements and those of others and engage fully in the joy of learning.
If you are interested in working at Prior Heath Infant School you can join our Talent Pool to be alerted for future jobs that suit your skills.
Prior Heath Infant School
Prior RoadCamberleySurreyGU15 1DA
Phase: Primary Schools
No. of Pupils: 177
Be proactive about working for Schools! Send your CV direct to Schools or register your interest for working in a region and become part of the Talent Pool. It's free and easy to ensure your CV has the maximum exposure to new and upcoming roles.
We love talking to our customers and candidates on the phone. However today (Thursday 16th October) we'll be upgrading our telephone system to provide you with a better service, and you may experience some difficulty calling our office. So if you need assistance from the Eteach team please contact us on firstname.lastname@example.com will be up and running by Friday. We look forward to hearing from you.
Systems will be up and running by Friday. We look forward to hearing from you.


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Sorry! The position you're looking for is no longer available. Check out other Retail internships in New York, NY below.
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Retail Operations Intern
ESCADA — New York, NY
ESCADA is looking for a Retail Operations intern for Summer 2015! The goal of this internship is to understand the internal structure of the Retail Operations department and to become familiar and kno…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Sales Associate Intern
ESCADA — New York, NY
ESCADA is looking for a Sales Associate intern for our New York Boutique for Summer 2015! The Sales Associate Intern will assist one of our top selling associates.
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Retail & Social Media Intern
Marjory Warren — New York, NY
Marjory Warren is a legacy clothing store that was first established in New York City's Upper East Side in the 1980's. Carrying conscientiously-sourced brands such as Flax, Tianello, Citron, URU and W…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Sam & Lex Boutique Retail Intern - NYC
Sam & Lex Boutique — New York, NY
s a m & l e x boutique located on the Upper East Side in NYC offers a personalized approach to shopping and styling from an edited selection of coveted designers from around the world. Focus on a high…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Fashion Sales Assistant
Logan Atelier — New York, NY
Logan Atelier is a contemporary multi line showroom specializing in accessories for the better market. The designers represented are European &n American. The ideal candidate is fashion savvy, motivat…
Application Deadline: 6/26/2015
Accounting Internship - Summer 2015
ESCADA — New York, NY
ESCADA of the Americas is a luxury women's retail company committed to hiring motivated and qualified individuals. Find out more about ESCADA by visiting us.escada.com! ESCADA is an Equal Opportunity …
Application Deadline: 6/14/2015
Wellness center in Crown Heights Brooklyn needs Social Media Intern
MOUNTAIN — Brooklyn, NY
Are you passionate about health and wellness? This is an opportunity to utilize your social media and managerial skills in a trending new business. MOUNTAIN, a hybrid space for healing serves locally …
Application Deadline: 6/3/2015
Sales Intern
The Saucey Sauce Co., Inc — Brooklyn, NY
The Saucey Sauce Co is looking for a part-time Sales & Marketing Intern to join our small but growing Rockstar Team. Not just anyone will do...we need a Saucey Brand Ambassador who is outgoing and can…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Education Intern
ICSC — New York, NY
ICSC was founded in 1957 and is the premier global trade and professional association of the retail real estate industry. Its nearly 67,000 members in over 100 countries include shopping center owners…
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Web Graphic Design Intern
Trendlee — New York, NY
Internship at Trendlee About Trendlee Trendlee is a fashion ecommerce startup founded by a team out of Harvard Business School and Google. We purchase high-end preowned fashion from peoples closets, r…
Application Deadline: 5/30/2015


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|A to Z | Popular | Random | Origins
SerynaRate Seryna: Do you like this name?
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Meaning and name origin
Seryna \s(e)-ry-na\ as a girl's name is of Latin origin, and the meaning of Seryna is "serene, calm". Seryna is a variant of Serena (Latin): used by Roman Christians.
Seryna has 9 variant forms: Cerena, Sarina, Saryna, Sereena, Serenah, Serenna, Serina, Serinah, Serinna.
Seryna is not a popular first name for females and an equally uncommon surname or last name for all people (2000 U.S. Census).
Displayed below is a comparison of the popularity of the girl name Seryna and its variant forms. Variation forms ranked in the Top 1000/100 are Sarina, Serena and Serina. (2015 statistics).
Similar Names
Seryna is also pronounced similarly to Sarena, Sirena and Syrena. Other suggested similar baby names are Selyna, Serene, Sherina, Sheryn, Sherynn, Teryna and Veryna. These names tend to be more commonly used than Seryna.
© 2015 Think Baby Names
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