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Liberty has 3 schools. Some of the best schools in Liberty are Nathanael Greene Elementary School with a GreatSchools rating of 6/10 and a parent rating of 4/5 stars, and Northeastern Randolph Middle School with a GreatSchools rating of 6/10 and a parent rating of 3/5 stars. The average GreatSchools rating for Liberty public schools is 6/10, with an average student/teacher ratio of 16:1.
School data provided by National Center for Education Statistics, Maponics, and GreatSchools. Intended for reference only. GreatSchools Ratings compare a schools test performance to statewide results. To verify enrollment eligibility, contact the school or district directly.
Good values on homes are still available, as the number of homes listed for sale is greater than the number of homes being sold. Great deals can be found by determined buyers.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 46
|New: 2
|Recently Sold: 41
|Reduced: 20
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 4,109
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in Liberty is $111,437, which is 2.4% lower than the average sold price in Liberty ($114,220) . The average home price per square foot in Liberty is $67 and about 1% of all homes in Liberty sold in the last 6 months. For Liberty home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 4,109 property records or search our 41 recently sold or 46 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in Liberty are only a part of the 3,390,568 properties and 87,023 homes for sale in North Carolina. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of Liberty also influence the average home price $207,065 and average sale price $223,562 of North Carolina. Listing counts, Liberty home prices and home values in Liberty are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


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Celebrate Red Ribbon Week - October 23-31, 2015
October Is Bullying Prevention Month
Show How Your School Rocks By Being Bully & Drug Free. Spread the knowledge and importance of drug prevention by teaching kids that having good habits early is vital for future success. Order now to get 10% Off during our Early Bird Special! Our products focus on educating and promoting bully & drug free schools, with new and exclusive themes such as "United We Stand Against Bullying & Drugs" and "I 'Mustache' You Not To Do Drugs."
Popular way for students to make a personal statement of their commitment to a drug-free life. * Bright Gold-Foil * Designs appeal to kids * Durable red satin ribbon. * 100 RIBBONS PER PACK.
Popular way for students to make a personal statement of their commitment to a drug-free and bully-free life. * Bright Gold-Foil * Designs appeal to kids * Durable red satin ribbon. * 100 RIBBONS PER PACK.
Cool camouflage silicone bracelet not only makes a fashion statement, it makes two important anti-drug statments! Debossed message on outside reminds everyone they need to band together and Join The Fight Against Drugs. Message printed inside reads I Pledge To Be Drug Free. Fits all size wrists. Lead-free, PVC-free and latex-free.
Theme days are effective ways to get students and teachers involved in Red Ribbon Week. Sized at a full 2" diameter, our stickers are larger in size and lower in price than most competitors.
Kids will have fun wearing fake mustaches that reinforce the sticker theme. 200 stickers, 200 fake mustaches. 400 ITEMS IN ALL!
Promote Red Ribbon Week with this reinforcing message. Place great advice for staying drug free in every student's hand. This Red Ribbon Week sparkle foil pencil features compelling drug-free slogan on front and back.
Check out our suggested products
Use this kit to remind kids that staying drug free is part of developing good character. * 100 Silicone Bracelets * 100 Pencils * 100 Self-Stick Ribbons * 300 items in all!
Make sure your students maintain a relaxed, focused state of mind and avoid drugs by handing out a kit that includes: 100 Self-Stick Ribbons * 100 Pencils * 100 Lollipops * 300 items in all!
Paper bracelet features a fun die-cut paw design and theme on front, plus three drug-free tips on back. Highly durable paper is stretch- and tear-resistant. Adhesive closure. Adjustable for all wrist sizes.
Boost Red Ribbon week excitement throughout your school! Hang these pennants in classes, the lunchroom, the gym and other common school areas. 24 red and white pennants with the alternating message Celebrate Red Ribbon Week and Be Drug Free are attached to a 60-foot heavy duty string that can be cut at any point.
Encourage pride in your school as a place where students' goals and abilities are nutured during Red Ribbon Week and all year. Comes with a FREE Sharpie ® for kids to sign their names!
Students will receive an energy burst from chewy Starbursts. Enclosed 2-sided card reinforces the important anti-drug message. Front displays our colorful Reach For The Stars Drug Free design. Back offers an inspiring verse for children to reflect on: I want to be the best I can be, so I promise to stay completely drug free. I will reach for the stars and do what's right so my future will shine extra bright!
Teaches children wise decision-making skills. Fun and thoughtful activities walk kids through a 6-step process to making smart choices. Children learn how to apply this process to all aspects of their lives, including drug use, bullying, health, safety, character, and money management. (Grades: 4-6)
A fun way to remind kids that to stay in the game, they need to be drug free! Hand out this fun mini kickball in the gym and at athletic events.
Hand out a trio of incentives that remind students to treat their peers with kindness. Includes: * 100 Bookmarks * 100 Glow-In-The-Dark Pencils * 100 Buttons, all featuring our Kindness Makes A Difference theme. You save 10% off our individual prices.
Inspire young readers to make positive changes that affect everyone for the better. Die-cut bookmark features inspiring quotation from Gandhi on the front and five ways to Stand Up And Speak Out For What's Right! on back.
Promote school unity and encourage students to stand up together against bullying. Students can use marker (included) to sign their names to this banner as a public statement of their intention to treat others with kindness and respect. Includes metal grommets for easy hanging.
Covers safe Internet behavior, such as visiting only kid-friendly websites, and teaches children how to handle online dangers. Topics include: * Information that is or is not OK to share * Preventing cyberbullying * Tips for parents and caregivers. Features Family Internet Safety Pledge and Internet Safety Certificate. All text and activities in English and Spanish. 50 ACTIVITIES BOOKS PER PACK.
Supply yourself with a multitude of awards for students who "fill" their peers' "buckets" with positive actions. Includes 25 Laminated Tags, 25 Bookmarks, 25 Pencils, 100 Stickers and 1 bucket. 176 items in all! You save 10% off of our regular individual prices.
Unisex 100% cotton crewneck T-shirt features our colorful, exclusive I'm A Bucket Filler design on front. Back lists traits of a 'bucket filler', including: I am polite and friendly to everyone; I help others without being asked; I treat others how I want to be treated; And two more.
This October, celebrate Red Ribbon Week, a time to spread awareness on the dangers of bullying, drug and tobacco use. Teaching kids good habits early is critical to future success, and Red Ribbon Week shows them that living above the influence of others can be the best way to live a happy life.
Our Red Ribbon Week materials focus on education and information for your anti-bullying programs. The best weapon in the fight against bullying, cyber bullying, drugs, and tobacco is other children. When kids see others their age engaging in bullying, they should not be afraid to tell an adult. In schools and on playgrounds, there's no better pair of eyes than those of their peers. Vigilant kids can go a long way towards protecting their friends and combating bullies.
Like all of the causes we support, Red Ribbon Week spreads an amazingly positive message. We'll help your children support this message with wristbands, water bottles, stationery, and of course, red ribbons. Whatever you choose, our promotional materials make this a fun and educational week for kids.

subset: commoncrawl


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About Berenerd
You also shouldn't put much faith in the Declaration of Independence either as it was written by a bunch of criminals. Lets also ignore Australia, its an island of criminals. While we are at it, Zebras are born with criminal uniforms on them, lets ignore them too.
So what the DoD is saying, its ok that I not pay $3000 in taxes because, in the end, look at the trillions the IRS gets from everyone else?
Yeah and what, 400 times the cost?
Ironman came out originally in 1959 (http://marvel.wikia.com/Iron_Man_Comic_Books) Are they claiming they were first or just the first to do the man in metal suit doing 3 point stance? Because, technically, that was done before in football. Though they were wearing pads. Might be different.
"And, don't get me started on the question of whether or not merely embedding a stream hosted somewhere else should be seen as direct infringement, but that's a discussion for another day..."
...but they did distribute it...how else would others see it so they can create emails? Or would you prefer a "Public Performance"? These are things the MPAA and RIAA have sued for. If I loaned my CD to a friend or played my CD/DVD in a place where it could be seen by others, per their definition, it would be a public viewing\performance.
As soon as that back door is told to someone, everyone will be using it so it will be the front door. The only person using the front door will be the user of the "secured" device.
So, as this computer had sensitive materials on it, does the teacher get fired for not following security procedures put out by those who do the testing? How about the school administrator who allowed this to happen? If they are going to go over board with the student they should be doing the same for all who were involved on both sides. Seems fair to me.
I was a member of the Student Government in the University of Maine at Machias. The policy wrote that as long as you had a membership of X students you could be a group. You gave the SG your request for funds and it gets approved and such. If you vary from the budget it would be noted the next time you ask for money. There was no pulling funds for offending someone. If there were, the Young Republicans would have never survived their trial period.
On the School side, each group needed a Faculty Adviser that was ultimately responsible for what the group did. When it came to things like publications and student government itself, they would often step in to give advice on the right course of action. I find it hard to believe that neither group had an adviser.
I am willing to bet that someone in the faculty got upset and talked to the student government and pushed THAT way.
No self respecting duck would be caught hanging around comcast unless comcast paid someone to put up a fence around the ducks, clip their wings and then sit in the middle of the group. Though even then there might be trouble...
Mock Dodd all you like, but he is standing by his principles. He feels he has the right to earn all kinds of bribes...err...money and the MPAA is giving him that. Its his right to spout lies all he wants, freedom of speah and all...
The only reason the DOJ is doing this is because its their passwords on the list.
"Even if Sony had opened up its system to the government, it seems unlikely that the NSA would have magically spotted this hack and done anything about it. "
Apparently Sony did open up itself so DHS and NSA could get in there, sadly someone else got the key too...maybe they need to change the password from 12345 to 54321....
It all makes sense. All these kids in the US "accidentally" shooting their parents and siblings with guns that their parents left loaded and hanging around with the safety off...
Little Timmy seems to be following Little Tommy around...THEY MUST BE A SLEEPER CELL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Also, as an elected official, he really can't tell someone not to call him assuming they are calling his office and not his home number.
but seriously, why didn't they delete the video of them deleting shit off her computer from her phone?
TV jitters? Stop forcing Coffee down it's throat! It freezes? Willing to be its a signal issue because mine does that too and if the government is hacking the TV at my house they must really like Firefly reruns and Startrek.
As for her computer, mine did that one when a hacker, we will call him, Mr Snuggles, ran across my keyboard on his way to the food dish. The movie Hackers was based on Mr Snuggles. He was PhantomPHreak, the king of Nynex!
Yes, think about the issues Sony will have when everyone targets their network.
I don't see how this is harming anyone. He paid for the flight, yes?


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BackerBoard not flush with drywall at seam. Request Solutions
Thanks for the forum.
I've placed Durock on the shower surround. The framing is a bit off so where the cement board meets the drywall, the cement board is not flush. Rather its raised about 1/8 to a 1/4". This is only about three out of five feet. It is flush in the corners.
A couple options are
to use mud to smooth it out.Thanks for your feedback
I like option 1
hopefully someone else will chime in
I'm assuming you are tiling over the cement board... could you find a rounded end cap that handles that distance? I had the reverse issue (CBU an 1/8th thinner than the drywall), and in my case the tile with thinset almost made up the difference.
Grind it down and move on.:)
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 08:57 AM.


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Review: Comic motor overheats in 'Detroit'
Suburban saga boasts outsized performances but not much nuance at Rep
Living in suburbia can be a bloodless existence, right up to that moment you get attacked by the patio furniture.
In "Detroit," Lisa D'Amour's sometimes sitcom-y saga of domestic discontent, characters prove prone to getting gouged by aggressive umbrellas or swallowed by malevolent decks.
If those adjectives sound like exaggeration, that's the kind of play "Detroit" is — at least as performed at San Diego Rep, where the 2010 work (an OBIE Award-winner and Pulitzer Prize finalist) is getting its local premiere.
As directed by Rep artistic chief Sam Woodhouse, this is a play whose wounded souls don't just quarrel and sulk — they launch into cartoonish arias of rage and exasperation.
The characters, two couples who are newly acquainted neighbors in a generic American 'burb (the Detroit in the title is only metaphorical), are grappling for very different reasons with a disconnnect between their aspirations and habitations.
Watching the exceedingly broad comedy that unfolds at the Rep, it's hard to shake the feeling there's also a gap between play and production — a tonal disharmony that mows through nuance and neglects some of the darker corners.
But then, "Detroit" can be a tough play to figure, as it weaves in elements of the absurdist and the vaguely mythical, feeding into one particularly over-the-top, Dionysian second-act scene.
As hard as the actors sell the more overwrought moments, they still turn in some admirable and committed work.
Lisel Gorell-Getz might have the trickiest role, as Mary, the high-strung paralegal who's curating pretentious canapés for guests one moment, launching into a booze-fueled rant the next.
She's married to Ben (matchless Steve Gunderson), a laid-off loan officer who's making a good show of launching an online business, but gives glimpses of an abiding misery.
Those two reach out to the new neighbors, Sharon (Summer Spiro) and Kenny (Jeffrey Jones), who have almost no furniture in their run-down house but, as it turns out, plenty of baggage.
The amusingly earthy Sharon (who's fond of launching into fervent verses of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'") lets slip that she and Kenny met in rehab. She has a job in a phone bank, while Kenny — a guy's guy whom Jones plays with a sharp blend of guile and resignation — labors in a warehouse. Even so, Sharon admits that at age 31 she still frequently eats ramen for dinner.
And the lure of drugs is always there: In one of D'Amour's more indelible lines, Sharon says the craving is "like there's a fire burning in the center of my head, and the pipe is the water that will put it out."
The virtuoso tirades by Spiro and Gorell-Getz contrast well with Gunderson's winningly nerdy reserve and Jones' sad-eyed detachment (Robert Benedetti also has a small but solid turn in the final scene). Still, it can be hard to know how seriously to take this slice of hyper-reality.
Even the house that dominates D Martyn Bookwalter's scenic design seems to exist outside everyday life; its patchwork of pastels and painted-on windows make it resemble the set of a kids' TV show.


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Pakistan begins ground offensive against militants
ISLAMABAD (AP) — Pakistan launched a ground offensive against militant strongholds near the Afghan border on Monday after evacuating nearly half a million people from the region, the army said, in the most significant escalation of a two-week long operation to root out insurgents trying to overthrow the government.
The ground offensive is the second phase of a long-awaited operation against militants in the North Waziristan tribal area, a lawless, mountainous stretch of land in northwest Pakistan. The military announced the operation on June 15 but has mostly limited its tactics to airstrikes while giving time to hundreds of thousands of people to pack up their belongings and leave to safer areas.
The U.S. has long pushed for such an operation to go after militants that use the area as a safe haven from which to attack targets in both Pakistan and Afghanistan.
But for years Pakistan has said its forces were too strung out battling militants in other areas of the northwest to go into North Waziristan. The military is also believed to have been reluctant to launch the operation without political support from the civilian government. Until recently Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif had been pushing for negotiations over military force as a way to end the years of bloodshed caused by the militants.
The army began a house-to-house search in Miran Shah, the main town in North Waziristan, the army statement said. It said nearly 15 militants were killed in the initial ground advance. The town is also the headquarters for a number of different militant groups such as the Pakistani Taliban. Al-Qaida and the Afghan Taliban also have a presence in North Waziristan.
The operation began days after militants attacked the main airport in the southern port city of Karachi, killing 26 people. The 10 attackers also died in the roughly five-hour siege that shocked Pakistanis by showing how vulnerable the country's institutions have become.
The siege of the country's busiest airport became a turning point in the government's willingness to negotiate with the militants. A week after the attack, the military announced its troops were starting the North Waziristan operation.
Pakistani forces killed 376 militants during the first 15 days of the offensive, the statement said, adding that 17 soldiers also died. North Waziristan has always been a challenging area for journalists to access but the operation has made it even more difficult to independently verify reports of casualties.
The military said infantry and commandos are leading the ground advance. Three soldiers were wounded in an exchange of fire, the statement said.
Mansur Mahsud, from the FATA Research Centre which researches the tribal areas in northwestern Pakistan, said they had been receiving reports that many militants had left for neighboring Afghanistan or into the more remote mountainous areas in the northwest after the airstrikes. But he said a ground offensive was still necessary to clear the area.
In the past, critics have accused Pakistan of playing a double game, supporting or tolerating some militants that it sees as useful in maintaining influence in neighboring Afghanistan, and going after other militants that attack the Pakistani state. The military has said that this operation will go after everyone equally, but many question how aggressive they will be.


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looking for a researcher in Novara Di Sicilia as my Italian is very limited in speaking and writing, and some of the records I am looking for are before 1820 in births and marriages. other births are from 1861-1866, deaths range from 1855-to after 1910, I just can not find these records on family search or the Antenati site. I am not sure if I should try to write to the church, the archives, or the Ufficio di Stato Civile. Has anyone tried Joe De Simone a researcher from Campania? or know of a researcher in Novara di Sicilia? The family names are Milici, Raccuia, Citraro, Ippolito.
Any help is greatly appreciated


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In collaboration, credibility is the coin of the realm. You have to scale intimacy. You have to be transparent on things like fixing bugs and handling contributions. You must manage relationships among companies that, in all other areas, may be direct competitors.
It took Red Hat years to get JBOSS functioning in this way, after buying the middleware company for $350 million in 2006, as
I saw some of this in person, this summer, at the Red Hat Summit in Boston. There is not a lot of "I" there. There is a whole lot of "we" there.
Now there are problems with Red Hat's story. VMware (VMW - Get Report) still outsells it in virtualization, an important cloud ingredient, by a wide margin. Red Hat is investing well ahead of the "private cloud" boom, so some earnings weakness is to be expected, and the future of its own cloud offerings, like "OpenShift," a cloud platform, remain unknowns.But, like Google, and like other quality companies, Red Hat knows what it's about. It has a clear vision, one that its employees understand, one that is easy to communicate. It has a lot of opportunity, within that vision, to grow further. That's what I look for in a tech investment. Stocks will rise and stocks will fall, but companies that grow know their way. At the time of publication, the author had positions in GOOG and RHT. Follow @DanaBlankenhorn This article is commentary by an independent contributor, separate from TheStreet's regular news coverage.


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Life After Death
Though they were separated at the time of Biggie's death, the world sympathized with the grieving widow after the tragedy that took her husband's life. Evans and Diddy paid Biggie a loving tribute by collaborating on the track "I'll Be Missing You," which became Evans' top-selling single to date and earned her a Grammy Award. (Photo: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
UNCF An Evening of Stars 2013 All-Access Pass12/07/2012
UNCF, An Evening of Stars 2012: Seat Check12/01/2012
UNCF, An Evening of Stars 2012: Red Carpet Rundown12/02/2012
UNCF, An Evening of Stars 2012: Rehearsals12/01/2012
Class Acts: Anthony Hamilton11/30/2012
Class Acts: Trey Songz11/30/2012
UNCF, An Evening of Stars 2012: Show Highlights11/30/2012
The Many Faces of Anthony Anderson11/29/2012
Class Acts: Tyrese11/29/2012
Class Acts: Eric Benet11/29/2012
Class Acts: Yolanda Adams11/29/2012
Class Acts: Melanie Fiona11/29/2012
Class Acts: Keyshia Cole11/29/2012
Class Acts: Charlie Wilson11/26/2012
Class Acts: Chaka Khan11/26/2012


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Mindcrawlers - a medium-length Starfleet mission
View Single Post
Starfleet Veteran
Join Date: Jun 2012
Posts: 941
# 2
Mission Critique Report - Mindcrawlers
Originally Posted by
Do you review first attempts in review limbo?
With the rating system down, it would help to have an outside opinion.
Mission Name: Mindcrawlers
Author: k668
Minimum Level: 0
Allegiance: Federation
Project ID: ST-HMSZD9EED
Estimated Mission Length: 30 minutes
Method of Report Delivery: Forum post
Federation Mission - Mindcrawlers
Author: k668
Allegiance: Federation
Project ID: ST-HMSZD9EED
----------Report Start-----------
This is a good mission, especially for your first time developing one. The map designs are very well done and the story dialogue is very well written throughout. The battles are pretty easy throughout but still fun, despite the fact that I hate spiders.
I would definitely recommend this mission to other players, albeit closer to 45 minutes long rather than your estimated 30 minutes.
The only real criticism I have of the story is that the murder of the Vulcan Seltok and the ships first officer are not really addressed in the mission wrap up. Without giving too much of the story away, I would recommend you address that issue with dialogue regarding the loss and the potential outcome for the murder of them based on what influences they were under at the time. Otherwise I felt the story was well written and the mission was a lot of fun to play.
One last quick thing is to address the excessive use of the fog and gas effects on a couple of the maps. I understand the feel of the map you were trying to achieve but they became more of a distraction rather than a element of the story. This does not mean you should completely remove all the gas and fog effects but consider cutting them down a little so the player can enjoy the map designs and battles you created a little more.
Below are some things I noted while playing the mission that I wanted to let you know about. Everything in this write up should be seen as suggestions on ways I felt you could improve certain elements of the mission. They are yours to do with as you see fit.
Mission Description:
The description is a good start but needs a little more story development. Your goal here is to draw the player in and make them want to click the "Hail" button. I noted no spelling or grammatical errors with this description.
Grant Mission Dialogue:
This is a good grant mission and follow-on dialogue. I noted no spelling or grammatical errors with this dialogue. I noted a couple of items to consider changing:
-Consider changing "Sir, incoming Message from Admiral Ry'Valar" to read "Sir, incoming message from Admiral Ry'Valar".
-The "Admiral Ry'Valar" dialogue; consider changing the [OOC] dialogue at the bottom to [MissionInfo] dialogue. That will make it more recognizable as mission required information.
Mission Task:
The initial mission task should have the start location for the first custom map. This will help your players find the starting point of your mission.
Mission Entry Prompt:
This is a good use of the prompt. I noted no spelling or grammatical errors with this prompt.
Scarlet Eye (near Kei system):
This is a good map design with well written story dialogue. I noted no spelling or grammatical errors with this dialogue or any issues with the map.
S.S. Mindscape:
This is a good map design with several easy battles and well written dialogue. I noted a couple of items to consider changing:
-The initial dialogue; consider changing "They appear to be harmless for all I can say so far" to read "As far as I can tell they seem harmless".
-Consider changing "leave alone explain the abnormal environmental conditions" to read "let alone explain the abnormal environmental conditions".
-The fog and gas effects are a little overdone on this map. Consider reducing them a little more so the player can enjoy your map design and the combat.
-The post "Search Laboratory Computer" dialogue; consider changing "We must advance and locate the crew, they may still be in acute danger" to read "We must locate the crew; they may still be in danger".
-The post "Examine Bodies" dialogue; consider changing "they've been scavenging heavily on the bodies" to read "they've been feeding heavily on the bodies".
-The post "Go to Main Engineering" dialogue; consider changing "still enough to realize they had caught themselves quite a few containers of biological specimen" to read "still enough time to realize they had take several biological specimens in the containers they stole from the cargo bay".
-Consider changing "Worthless to them, and they probably thought it was a funny pull to beam the specimen back to my cargo bay" to read "Worthless to them, so they probably thought it would be funny to beam the specimens back to the cargo bay without the containers".
-Consider removing "Kept the spare containers, though" if you use the above dialogue recommendation.
-Consider changing "and trying to defend her specimen personally" to read "and trying to defend her specimens personally".
-Consider changing "I won't let this happen to Leyo, no matter at what cost" to read "I won't let that happen to Leyo, no matter the cost".
-Consider changing "For all I could spot" to read "From what I could see".
-The post "Defend Main Engineering" dialogue; consider changing "[Rank], the Mindscape's transporter is active" to read "[Rank], the Mindscape's transporter have been activated".
Scarlet Eye Caverns:
This is a good map design with some easy battles and one a little stronger. The story dialogue is well written. I noted no spelling or grammatical errors with this dialogue. I noted a couple of items to consider changing:
-The fog and gas effects are a little overdone on this map. Consider reducing them a little more so the player can enjoy your map design and the combat.
-Consider adding a respawn point deeper into the map for the last battle.
Scarlet Eye:
This is a good map design with well written story dialogue that wraps up the mission nicely. I noted no spelling or grammatical errors with this dialogue or any issues with the map.
---------End Report----------
Thanks again for authoring and for giving me the chance to review your work. You did a great job creating this mission, especially being your first try at it. I look forward to playing/reviewing more of your work in the future.
This critique report also filed 08/18/2012 on forum posting for:
In depth mission reports upon request
If you would like a detailed review of your mission please visit my forum posting
"In depth mission reports upon request"
for details. Also see Evil 70th's list of missions at
"Evil 70th's Missions"
Last edited by evil70th; 08-18-2012 at


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| Share
Semifinal—Game One
South Regional champ Indiana vs. West Regional champ Oklahoma; Saturday, Mar. 30 (5:31 p.m. tipoff). Coaches: Mike Davis, Indiana and Kelvin Sampson, Oklahoma. Favorite: Oklahoma by 7.
High scorers— Jeff Newton, Indiana (19) and Aaron McGhee, Oklahoma (22); Att— 53,378; .
Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Originally written on Pro Sports Daily | Last updated 11/17/14
With San Francisco 49ers wide receiver Mario Manningham inactive for Thursday's game against the Seattle Seahawks, running back Brandon Jacobs cracked the game-day roster for the first time as a 49er. Manningham was limited in practice the previous two days because of a shoulder injury. In six games this season, he has 24 receptions for 258 yards and one touchdown. Jacobs was Manningham's teammate last season with the Super Bowl champions New York Giants before both joined the 49ers. Jacobs sat out this season's first six games due to a left knee injury, though he said earlier this month that he was healthy and ready to return to action. Last week, before the 49ers played host to the Giants, Jacobs publicly disputed San Francisco coach Jim Harbaugh's assertion that Jacobs was still unfit for action. That led to a meeting between the two, but it didn't get Jacobs on the field against his former team. Jacobs didn't have a carry in the first half against the Seahawks.
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socialnetworking twittertools
(Mister Wong community recommendations)
most popular brand new
http://www.chrisbrogan.com/50-ideas-on-using-twitter-for-business/50 Ideas on Using Twitter for Businessblog collaboration writing socialnetworking twittertoolssaved at 21.08.2008, by poochiesan24, 12 Users
Welcome to HootSuite - The Professional Twitter ClientHootSuite is the professional Twitter client. With HootSuite, you can manage multiple Twitter profiles, pre-schedule tweets, and measure your success.saved at 10.01.2010, by enigma8989, 21 Users
Twitter SearchTwitter Search URLsaved at 17.04.2009, by poochiesan24, 18 Users
Twellow :: Twitter Directory, Twitter Search, & Twitter Yellow Pagestwitter directorysaved at 08.04.2009, by poochiesan24, 17 Users
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The Internet says there are over 3500 types of roaches...to me however, there are two: There are dead roaches, and there are the ones I haven't killed yet.
I guess it should have been expected, roaches are all over the place in Hawaii anyway and a 40 year old CAL 30' would be a perfect breeding ground. After finally getting the paperwork finished, I arrive at the marina on Saturday morning, rolled my sleeves up and went to work.
My goal was to sleep aboard that night. I got about 85% of the boat cleaned, filled the trash dumpster with plenty of old junk. Went out to eat and pick up a few more cleaning supplies that night, only to come back to find 10-15 roaches scurry out of sight when I turned on the lights.
I immediately began an assualt, had about 5 of their bodies crushed and lifeless in my trash bag before fatigue kicked in and I pulled my position back to the cockpit for the evening.
Sunday morning came soon enough, I awoke at sunrise, determined to double my efforts. A early morning trip to Home Depot gave me a chance to stockpile WMDs and other strategic devices of cockroach killing.
I got all kinds of good stuff, 4 pounds of boric acid powder, fumagation bombs, instant kill spray can (with a country fresh scent, no less), roach hotels and a borlic acid gel.
The situation was this: I held the cabin during the day, however, once the sun set, I had to give back the control. I realized that I need to make a decisive first strike...one that would put fear into those little bastards. I decided to invade their homeland...the Bilge.
My first strike consisted of a fumagation bomb...or "bug bomb". The instructions said not to use in rooms less than 5x5...at that point, I made the decision that my entire boat was one large room, just sub-divided into smaller places. And my boat is larger than 5x5, so I'm safe. There was nothign else the instructions said that concerned me, so I made preparations, began the arming process and gathered my things for an immediate evac.
The package said I would have 2 minutes to leave the area. I sealed all the windows, closed all hatches, poured the water up to the line in the cup...everything was goign perfect. I set the cup in the bilge, set the canister in the water and let out a devilish laugh.
Oh noes!!! Somebody set up us the bomb!!!!
I begain calmly gathering my things, grabbed my camera and laptop. This is when things went a little hairy. A strange hissing sound was coming up from the bilge hatch...I poked my head inside...yup, the bomb is hissing. Wait...its only been 20 seconds, I'm supposed to have longer. The hissing started getting louder and the air was filling with the unmistakable smell of pesticide. I grabbed what I could and am not afraid to admit I ran out of there like a little girl. I boarded up my entry way, took a short breather, and made my way to the car.
Driving home, visions of my gas-filled boat and the still plugged-in refrigator compressor going off filled my head. Should I go back? Naw...the instructions didn't say anything about that... The last thing I wanted was to go back to my boat to find it in flames with the roaches dancing on the mast pole sticking out of the water...
I'm proud to announce that my operation was a resounding success. 4 hours later I reentered the cabin and I found no less than 18 dead or dying bodies on the floor. I spent the rest of the afternoon litterally coating everthing in my boat with a layer of borlic acid, setting up roach motels and applying gel to cracks and crevices. I setup borlic acid on my docklines to prevent a retaliation strike from the roaches on land and feel confident that I have sealed the survivors off from the outside world.
I slept aboard that night, didn't see a single roach all night. Another month or so of follow up bombs every weekend should finish them off...as well as keeping the boric acid fresh and intact.
I will be doing preventive measures from now on, but this was a great stike to control their numbers. Those bombs really work well and I can't stop suggesting borlic acid and/or diamaticous earth...both are safe for humans, just be careful where you put it if you have pets or children...always read the instructions, even if you don't follow them.
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Executive Director
Luis Gomez
Luis is a senior at the Anderson School of Management. He is pursuing a Bachelor's of Business Administration with a double concentration in Accounting and Marketing. Luis is originally from Mexico and he loves cartoons and comic books, as well as combining his passion for art and business at SWFC.Luis's favorite movies include East of Eden, The Uninvited, X-Men: First Class and The Lion King. firstname.lastname@example.com
Assistant Director
Renee RiveraRenee is a senior at the Anderson School of Management. She is pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration with a Marketing concentration. Renee is from Santa Fe and enjoys going for runs, playing tennis and playing with her niece, nephew and their dog Dirk.
Some of Renee's favorite movies are Silver Linings Playbook, The Devil Wears Prada, and The September Issue.
Marketing Manager
Marcos Romero
Marcos is a senior at Anderson School of Management pursuing a BBA in Marketing Management and Organizational Leadership. Marcos is from Portales, New Mexico. Marcos enjoys playing soccer, going on hikes and binge watching Netflix.
Some of Marcos's favorite movies are Hocus Pocus, Jurassic Park Series, and Easy A.
Head Projectionist
Brittany King
Britney is currently completing a B.A. in Studio Arts/minor in Arts Management with an emphasis in video art at the University of New Mexico. Her hobbies include exploring new genres of video as well as music.
Britney's favorite movies include Blue is the Warmest Color, Brokeback Mountain, and The Rocky Horror Picture Show.
Molly CudiaMolly is in her second year at UNM, pursuing a degree in Media Arts and Dance. She is passionate
about all things film and writing, and hopes to bring the two subjects together as a career. She also has a deep love for traveling, hip hop dancing, science fiction and watching entire series on netflix in short amounts of time.
Some of Molly's favorite movies include Birdman, Interstellar, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, and Guardians of The Galaxy.
Theater Manager
Will Dole
Will is currently a sophomore and is majoring in Theatre with a focus in performance. He is hoping to perform for a living, but would also love to go to graduate school to pursue his masters in Secondary Education. He's involved in a few different organizations on campus, such as SCRAP Productions and The National Society of Leadership and Success. He has always had a deep love for movies, and would love to step out of his theatre background to get involved in film projects over the next few years.
His favorite movies include Fantastic Mr. Fox, Bridesmaids, and The Sound of Music!
Anna Alfaro
Anna is currently in her fourth year of college and is working towards getting her Bachelor of Arts in Design For Performance. Anna has a passion for film and working in the industry has been a childhood dream of hers. She is very inclined toward the creative and has a bit of flare for the dramatic.
Due to being a huge bookworm some of Anna's favorite movies include The Chronicles of Narnia, Lord of the Rings, and the Hunger Games.
SWFC Ticket Prices
Students: $3.00
Faculty/Staff: $4.00
General Public: $5.00
Student Semester Pass: $15.00
General Semester Pass: $20.00
SWFC Schedule
Check out UNM's other movie series:
Mid-Week Movies
ASUNM - Southwest Film Center
Physical Location:
(505) 277-5608
1 University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131
Physical Location:
Student Union Building
(505) 277-5608
Phone: email@example.com


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The Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") enforces federal labeling requirements that require manufacturers, importers, sellers and distributors of certain textile and wool clothing to accurately label their products. For example, FTC rules require that manufacturers indicate the country of origin and fiber content in their clothing. In addition, the Care Labeling Rule requires that manufacturers and importers attach "care labels" to garments and certain piece goods.
Navigating these various labeling requirements can be tricky. On May 5, 2014, the FTC amendment of the labeling rules, known as the Textile Rules, became effective.
Care labels, which can influence consumers' purchasing decisions more than labels indicating fiber content or country of origin or manufacture, are important to carefully consider.
"Do's" for Clothing Manufacturers and Importers:
"Don'ts" for Clothing Manufacturers and Importers:
*Summer Associate. Not licensed to practice.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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Category Archives: Digital culture
Digital Versus Human
This is too good not to use in some way. I was watching Channel 4 news last night (I almost never do) and there was an interesting piece on the Innocence Project in the USA, specifically a piece about Ricky … Continue reading
Are Our Communications Killing Our Ability to Communicate?
Crowd of One is an interesting book by John Henry Clippinger, a senior fellow at the Beckman Centre for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School. One of the central thoughts of the book is that people only become … Continue reading
Lost Connection
The world is more talkative now than at any time in its history, but this is increasingly at the expense of meaningful conversation. We are talking at rather than to each … Continue reading
The death of conversation
Are we confusing connectivity with communication?
I'd like to talk about talking. About six years ago I was in a restaurant at Bondi Beach. Just as the menus arrived so did a couple in their twenties. They were seated at the window table opposite and … Continue reading
We need to talk – but we no longer do
Last century the invention of the telephone created a revolution in how people communicated with each other, although it was initially marketed as being exclusively a business tool. Fast-forward to the present day and people are starting to hang up. … Continue reading
Typewriters vs. Computers
I like this (from Ryan Adams, the songwriter/musician). "Your critical mind is an interrupter of your inspired true self. If you are daydreaming and you are in that zone, you have the 300-mile gaze, stuff is coming through, it's like … Continue reading
Quote of the week
"And it occurred to me that in this new millennial life of instant and ubiquitous connection, you don't in fact communicate as much as leave messages for one another" Chang-Rae Lee … Continue reading
Idea of the month
This is interesting. Text streaming technology. Not sure if I want to do it, but it's certainly radical. Interesting implications for libraries, publishing, education and, of course, reading. What is it? The company explains it this … Continue reading


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by Katie Valentine Posted on April 9, 2015
For a healthy coral reef, just add fish.
by Joe Romm Posted on January 22, 2015
The big climate news last week was NOAA and NASA announcing that 2014 was the hottest year on record, breaking the highs of 2005 and 2010. But a bigger story got buried.
by Amelia Rosch Posted on December 11, 2014
The estimated amount of plastic in the ocean is only 0.1 percent of plastic produced annually in the world.
by Jeff Spross Posted on December 4, 2014
Beyond three miles from shore, the cruise lines may dump wastewater directly into the ocean, and many of them rely on old and antiquated water-treatment systems.
by Ryan Koronowski Posted on October 31, 2014
Maine's governor, Paul LePage, has questioned the science behind climate change, opposed clean energy policies, and talked up the economic benefits of global warming.
by Katie Valentine Posted on October 17, 2014
For an actor who catapulted to international fame for a movie set largely in the ocean, giving back to the marine environment just makes sense.
by Katie Valentine Posted on October 6, 2014
The difference is warming estimates is likely due to "poor sampling" of ocean temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere.
by Jeff Spross Posted on September 25, 2014
The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument will be expanded to six times its current size, protecting critical ecosystems southwest of Hawaii.
by Michael Conathan - Guest Contributor Posted on September 23, 2014
The President is considering a major expansion of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Here's why that's such a big deal.
by Katie Valentine Posted on September 15, 2014
The algae, Emiliania huxleyi, tended to grow more quickly once it had adapted to higher ocean temperatures.


text:
For each small image region (in space and time), a measure of perceptual transparence of each of a set of possible watermark carrier modulations is used to choose a subset of such modulations, from which a secure random number generator selects, for each image region, a single carrier, modulations of which carry the watermark data.
1. A method for encoding watermark data into an image sequence, comprising:
(a) identifying a set of one or more watermark carriers for potential use in encoding the watermark data into the image sequence;
(b) analyzing content of the image sequence to identify a plurality of potential locations in the image sequence for encoding the watermark data into the image sequence, wherein each potential location corresponds to an acceptable encoding of a portion of the watermark data using a particular one of the watermark carriers in the set, wherein the set comprises at least one watermark carrier based on a spatio-temporal frequency pattern, having a frequency below a peak of a spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function;
(c) selecting a subset of the potential locations; and
(d) for each selected location, modulating the corresponding watermark carrier by a portion of the watermark data and inserting the resulting modulated watermark carrier into the image sequence at the selected location.
2. The invention of
3. The invention of
step (b) identifies two or more different watermark carriers for at least one potential location; and
step (c) selects one of the two or more different watermark carriers for that at least one potential location.
4. The invention of
step (b) divides the image sequence into a plurality of regions and identifies a plurality of potential locations in each region; and
step (c) selects one or more of the potential locations in each region.
5. The invention of
6. The invention of
7. The invention of
8. The invention of
9. The invention of
10. The invention of
11. The invention of
12. The invention of
13. The invention of
14. The invention of
15. The invention of
step (b) performs a cluster analysis to characterize distribution of the potential locations; and
step (c) selects the subset of potential locations based on results from the cluster analysis.
16. The invention of
17. The invention of
18. The invention of
19. The invention of
20. The invention of
21. A method for encoding watermark data into an image sequence, comprising:
(a) modulating a watermark carrier by a portion of the watermark data, wherein the watermark carrier is based on a spatio-temporal frequency pattern having a frequency below a peak of a spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function; and
(b) inserting the resulting modulated watermark carrier into the image sequence at a selected location.
22. The invention of
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional application No. 60/308,718, filed on Jul. 30, 2001.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to video processing, and, in particular, to the insertion and recovery of watermark data into and from video works.
2. Description of the Related Art
A major barrier to the development and deployment of distribution channels for motion imagery content (e.g., video download, digital cinema) is the concern of content providers that their copyrighted material may be copied and then subsequently distributed without appropriate authorization. Encryption is an important component of a Digital Rights Management (DRM) approach to controlling access to the content. However, once access has been granted, the decrypted content is left unprotected. Thus encryption alone cannot prevent all instances of theft. Persistent access control methods that rely on proprietary file formats and the use of compliant devices have been proposed, but ultimately all video must be converted to pixel brightness and color for display. At this point, the video is vulnerable.
Given these potential leaks, a content owner needs forensic tools that enable the tracking of unauthorized copies back to the party who licensed the use of the content, and who was responsible for preventing its further distribution. The ability of the content owners to identify the exact distribution point at which material was stolen can be used as a tool to identify the responsible parties and can act as a deterrent to such theft. A superimposed pattern on the digital imagery content uniquely identifying, in the content itself, the licensee of that copy of the content can serve this purpose. Such a watermark will give content owners a powerful forensic tool against piracy.
Consistent with those stated by SMPTE DC28.4 for their Download Watermark and Exhibition Watermark, a forensic watermark used for purchaser identification should have the following properties:
The present invention is directed to a watermarking algorithm that can be used to achieve satisfactory levels of fidelity, robustness, and security for many video applications.
According to one embodiment, the present invention is a method for encoding watermark data into a data stream and the resulting watermarked data stream. The method comprises the steps of (a) identifying a set of one or more watermark carriers for potential use in encoding the watermark data into the data stream; (b) analyzing content of the data stream to identify a plurality of potential locations in the data stream for encoding the watermark data into the data stream, wherein each potential location corresponds to an acceptable encoding of a portion of the watermark data using a particular one of the watermark carriers in the set; (c) selecting a subset of the potential locations; and (d) for each selected location, modulating the corresponding watermark carrier by a portion of the watermark data and inserting the resulting modulated watermark carrier into the data stream at the selected location.
According to another embodiment, the present invention is a method for encoding watermark data into a data stream and the resulting watermarked data stream. The method comprises the steps of (a) modulating a watermark carrier by a portion of the watermark data, wherein the watermark carrier is based on a spatio-temporal frequency pattern having a frequency below a peak of a spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function; and (b) inserting the resulting modulated watermark carrier into the data stream at the selected location.
Other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements.
As suggested earlier, a desirable watermarking algorithm is one that provides sufficiently high levels of robustness, fidelity, and security, where the phrase "sufficiently high" is determined by the specific application.
The fidelity of a watermarking algorithm refers to the degradation in visual quality introduced by watermark embedding process. The fidelity of the algorithm is defined as the fidelity of the watermarked video work with respect to the original video work. Many watermarking applications require that the degradation due to watermark embedder 102 is completely or at least substantially invisible to the human eye.
There are a number of normal processing and transmission degradations 104 to which the watermarked video work is likely to be exposed prior to exhibition 106. These may include compression, color space conversion, and digital-to-analog conversion. Upon being misappropriated (e.g., via unauthorized copying or unauthorized capture), the watermarked video work may be further subjected to piracy processing degradations as described below. Piracy processing degradations associated with unauthorized copying 108 can include, for example, very low bit-rate compression.
A typical example of unauthorized capture is the recording of a movie by a video camcorder during an exhibition. Piracy processing degradation 110 associated with unauthorized capture includes the degradations introduced by the camcorder, which may include one or more of the following: geometric transformations (e.g. rotation, skew, perspective distortion, and/or temporal or spatial stretching), filtering, cropping, introduction of occlusions, and luminance non-linearity.
After unauthorized copying or capture, a pirated video work is likely to be compressed at a relatively low bitrate for storage on a video CD or for distribution over the Internet. Such compression typically results in resolution reduction and compression artifacts (e.g., blocking).
The robustness of the watermarking algorithm disclosed herein refers to the likelihood that the watermark data can be recovered from a pirated video work, where it is assumed that the pirated video work is a version of the watermarked video work that has been further subjected to normal processing and transmission degradations, piracy processing degradations, or both.
For many applications, a watermarking algorithm is considered sufficiently robust if the watermark data survives typical levels of these kinds of degradations during video processing normally associated with video content piracy, where survival means that all or at least a sufficient amount of the watermark data can be recovered from the pirated version of the video work.
The security of a watermarking algorithm refers to the difficulty of a party to perform a watermarking operation without explicit authorization. This specification addresses security against unauthorized watermark embedding and security against unauthorized watermark removal.
A watermark algorithm is secure against unauthorized watermark embedding if it is computationally infeasible for a party to embed valid watermark data into a video work without knowledge of a secret. This secret often takes the form of a secret watermark key, analogous to the secret cipher key used in cryptography. Embedding valid watermark data means modifying the video work such that an uncompromised watermark detector would extract said data and deem it valid.
A watermark algorithm is secure against unauthorized watermark removal if it is computationally infeasible for a party to modify the watermarked video work such that the watermark data cannot be reliably recovered without introducing sufficient visual distortion so as to render the resulting video work worthless. Unauthorized watermark removal includes erasure of the watermark data, modifications to the watermarked video works that inhibit proper functioning of the detector, and embedding of spurious watermark data such that the detector cannot reliably distinguish between valid and invalid data. This last approach is referred to as "jamming."
The watermarking algorithm of insertion system 200 involves a two-part procedure: an analysis process, followed by a selection/insertion process. The analysis process involves the identification of different available spatio-temporal locations within a video work for the insertion of suitable watermark carriers that are to be used to encode the watermark data. The selection/insertion process involves (1) the selection of specific locations from those different available locations and (2) the insertion of the watermark data at those selected locations using the corresponding watermark carriers.
In a typical implementation, the analysis process is performed once, off-line, for each original (i.e., unmarked) video work, while the selection/insertion process is performed (e.g., in real time) each time a different set of watermark data is to be embedded in a different copy of the original video work. For example, in the case of exhibition of a particular movie at different movie theatres, the input video work corresponds to the original (i.e., unmarked) movie. Each time the movie is exhibited at a movie theatre, a unique set of watermark data is encoded into the video content, where that watermark data might be intended to uniquely identify the particular exhibition. This may include a movie theater identification, the date and time of the exhibition, serial numbers of the associated decryption, decompression, and exhibition devices, and global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of the playback equipment.
Referring to
A video work may be thought of as a three-dimensional (3D) spatio-temporal "volume" of video data, where two of the three dimensions correspond to the height and width (in terms of pixels) within each video picture (e.g., frame or field) and the third dimension corresponds to time (in terms of numbers of consecutive pictures). For example, a digital video bitstream corresponding to a two-hour movie having 30 frames per second (fps) with (600�800) pixels per frame corresponds to a video volume that is 600 pixels high by 800 pixels wide by 216,000 frames long.
One possible type of watermark carrier used to encode watermark data into the video volume of an input video work corresponds to a relatively small 3D volume having a height, a width, and a duration, where each pixel in the watermark volume has a specified value (which could be positive, negative, or zero). For example, the 3D volume for a particular watermark carrier could be 30 pixels high, 40 pixels wide, and 150 frames long (e.g., corresponding to a duration of 5 seconds in a 30-fps video stream), where each pixel in the 3D watermark carrier has a specific integer value. To embed a bit of coded watermark data in an input video work, the watermark carrier is modulated based on the value of the data bit, and the resulting modulated watermark carrier is then applied (pixel by pixel) to a corresponding set of pixels in the video volume of the input video work, where that corresponding set in the video volume may be identified, for example, by the location of its center pixel (e.g., X,Y coordinates in frame Z). The 3D volume occupied by a watermark carrier need not be a contiguous set of pixels. It may be a number of disjoint sets of pixels.
According to one possible modulation scheme, if the bit of encoded watermark data has a logical "1" value, then the pixels of the 3D watermark carrier are added (pixel by pixel) to the corresponding pixels in the 3D video stream. If the bit of watermark data has a logical "0" value, then the pixels of the 3D watermark carrier are subtracted from the corresponding pixels in the 3D video stream. In another possible modulation scheme, a logical "1" bit is encoded in the same way as before, while a logical "0" value is "encoded" by leaving the corresponding pixels in the original 3D video stream unchanged. Of course, other permutations of these basic modulation schemes are also possible.
One possible 3D watermark carrier is based on a one-dimensional Gaussian function whose peak value is located at the center of the 3D pattern, in which the values of the pixels in the 3D volume corresponding to the watermark carrier start at (or near) zero in the first "frame" of the watermark volume, increase in a Gaussian manner towards the frame located at the center of the watermark volume, and then decrease in a Gaussian manner towards the last frame in the watermark volume, where, within each frame of the 3D watermark carrier, all of the pixel values are the same and where the peak value is a positive value corresponding to the amplitude of the Gaussian function. The addition of such a Gaussian watermark carrier into a video work would correspond to a gradual lightening of a rectangular area in the video display followed by a gradual darkening. If the pattern is sufficiently long (i.e., lasts for a sufficient duration) and if the amplitude of the Gaussian function is not too large, then the gradual lightening and then darkening of the display should be invisible to the viewer except perhaps at the boundaries of the rectangle. If the watermark carrier is designed, not as a spatial rectangle, but rather with a boundary that corresponds to edges in the original video work, then this modulated watermark carrier can be invisible. Note that, for a modulation scheme in which a logical "0" is encoded by subtracting the watermark carrier from the video work, the subtraction of the Gaussian watermark carrier will correspond to a gradual darkening of the area followed by a gradual lightening.
Another possible (and more preferred) 3D watermark carrier is a 3D spatio-temporal Gaussian having a peak value at some specified X, Y, and t location, whose amplitude falls off, not only in time in each direction, but outward in space as well.
A 3D watermark carrier can be any 3D set of pixel values, whether they form a uniform pattern, such as those based on a Gaussian function, or any other possible pattern. Of course, not every possible set of pixel values will form a suitable watermark carrier. In general, a suitable watermark carrier is one that satisfies the robustness and fidelity requirements for the particular application, as those terms were previously defined.
In addition, in preferred implementations of the present invention, a suitable watermark carrier is one that has the joint property that any one carrier could be inserted invisibly, but that insertion of more than one overlapping watermark carrier creates visible artifacts, the strength of which increases with the number of overlapping carriers. For example, physiological and psychophysical literature on "sub-threshold summation" suggests that groupings of spatially proximate carriers, especially those arranged into simple visual patterns (e.g., bars and edges), will produce visual effects that tend to increase with the sum of signal energy across the group.
Carrier generator 202 generates one or more suitable watermark carriers for a particular application. The characteristics of a suitable watermark carrier will typically vary from application to application. For example, watermark carriers that are suitable for a movie theatre may differ from those that are suitable for tracking down Internet-based pirates. Suitable watermark carriers may also differ for different types of video content. For example, watermark carriers that are suitable for full-color motion imagery may be different from those that are suitable for a gray-scale video slide show consisting of a sequence of black-and-white photographs.
Depending on the implementation, carrier generator 202 may generate suitable watermarks carriers based on purely objective criteria or it may rely on subjective data, such as actual feedback from human subjects. Carrier generator 202 may be implemented separately (and typically off-line). Carrier generator 202 may subject a relatively large set of potential carriers to analyses (e.g., simulation of a complete imaging system) that reveal which carriers among this larger set, and with what levels and kinds of modulation (e.g., amplitude, frequency, or phase), would be robust within the watermark's intended application domain. For example, an application that requires robustness to low-quality camcorder capture may be restricted to lower frequency watermark carriers than an application that requires robustness to moderate bitrate compression. In one embodiment, the carrier generator module performs an analysis of likely degradations in terms of their effects on spatio-temporal components of the content (e.g., spatio-temporal frequencies) and determines those components that are likely to be unaffected by the degradations (e.g., very low spatio-temporal frequencies). Analyses other than spatio-temporal frequency analysis are also possible, including spatial, temporal, spatio-temporal, and wavelet decompositions. In general, an analysis involves decomposing the input signal (e.g., an original video work) into a plurality of components to determine which signal components are likely to be unaffected by the expected degradation(s), including possibly piracy processing degradations 108 or 110 of
Such analysis has identified very low spatio-temporal frequency watermark patterns, including those based on the 3D Gaussian patterns described previously, as suitable watermark carriers. In certain embodiments, very low spatio-temporal frequency watermark patterns are those having frequencies below the peak of the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function described in D. H. Kelly, "Motion and Vision, II. Stabilized Spatio-Temporal Threshold Surface", J. Opt. Soc. of Am., 69(10), pp. 1340–1349, 1979, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Region classifier 204 identifies, for each watermark carrier generated by carrier generator 202, potential locations in the 3D volume corresponding to the input video work where the watermark carrier could be "invisibly" inserted into the video work (e.g., taking into account both logical "1" and logical "0" modulation of that watermark carrier), but where the insertion of additional carriers (e.g., by someone who is attempting to jam the watermark signal) would create visible artifacts. In a preferred embodiment, region classifier 204 performs the JND (Just Noticeable Difference) analysis described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,137,904, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. In general, other suitable perceptual models can be used by region classifier 204 to identify potential locations for the watermark carriers based on the content of the input video work.
In one embodiment of the present invention, region classifier 204 divides the input video stream into a plurality of 3D regions in the 3D video volume, where each region corresponds to a subset of the input video stream. For example, in an implementation that uses 3D watermark carriers of size (30 pixels�40 pixels�150 frames), each region could be a different video "sub-volume" (e.g., 600 pixels�800 pixels�300 frames) corresponding to a different 10-second sequence in the 30-fps input video stream. Region classifier 204 could determine whether each watermark carrier generated by carrier generator 202 satisfies the above-mentioned JND criterion at each location within each region of the input video stream.
For a given watermark carrier and a given region, there are a finite number of different locations where that watermark carrier can be inserted into that region. In one implementation, region classifier 204 could test each and every one of those locations. Alternatively, region classifier 204 could be implemented to test only a subset of those locations (e.g., locations separated from one another by a specified distance in the 3D video space).
The processing of
In typical video content, if a watermark carrier can be inserted invisibly at a particular location in the video work (based on the relative characteristics of both the watermark carrier and that particular location in the video work), then the probability is high that that same watermark carrier could instead be inserted invisibly into nearby locations in the video work. Similarly, if a watermark carrier cannot be inserted invisibly at a particular location, then the probability is high that that same watermark carrier could not be inserted invisibly into nearby locations. Furthermore, if a particular watermark carrier can (cannot) be inserted invisibly into a particular location in the video work, then the probability is high that similar watermark carriers could (could not) be inserted invisibly into the same location. As a result, the processing of
The processing of
In one possible implementation, the selection/insertion process (i.e., the second part of the watermarking algorithm performed by insertion system 200) involves the embedding of only a single bit of coded watermark data into each region of the input video work that was analyzed in the processing of
In order to increase the security of the watermarking algorithm, it may be desirable to select one or more of the available locations in each region for insertion of watermark carriers based on the relative densities in the distribution of the available locations in the region. In certain situations, security can be increased by inserting watermark carriers at high-density locations. The motivation for this is as follows.
In order to jam the watermark data in a watermarked video work, a pirate might try to insert jamming patterns at each of the available locations in the video work. By purposely inserting watermark carriers into high-density locations, it might make it harder for a pirate to effectively jam the watermark data without creating visible artifacts in the jammed video work. In this case, region classifier 204 could perform optional post-processing involving a cluster analysis that characterizes and identifies clusters of available locations in the results generated during the processing of
In any case, region classifier 204 completes the analysis phase (i.e., the first part of the watermarking algorithm performed by insertion system 200). The selection/insertion phase involves (a) the selection of one or more different locations and their corresponding watermark carriers from among the available locations in each region of the video work identified during the analysis phase, (b) the encoding of the watermark data to produce the coded watermark data, and (c) the embedding of the coded watermark data into the input video work by modulating each selected watermark carrier by a different bit of the coded watermark data and applying the modulated watermark carriers to the input video work.
As shown in
Every time a different set of watermark data is inserted into a different copy of the input video work, a different secret watermark key may be used to generate a unique sequence of values used to select from among the predetermined set of available locations. Although using a different key for each different set of watermark data is not necessary, doing so will ensure that the set of locations at which the watermark data are inserted into the input video work will differ for each differently watermarked version of the input video work, which can increase the security of the watermarking algorithm against unauthorized embedding and unauthorized removal.
In general, the registration process may include any of spatial, temporal, frequency, color, brightness, or contrast registration and is intended to ensure that the pixel-by-pixel subtraction operation is performed on corresponding pixels in the two video works. This is especially important when the pirated video work was generated using a video camera.
Watermark extractor 404 extracts a watermark pattern by subtracting the reference video work from the pirated video work. The extracted watermark generated by watermark extractor 404 corresponds to a noisy map of all the embedded modulated watermark carriers. The coded watermark data can be recovered from this noisy map using a number of different techniques depending on how much information about the processing performed by watermark insertion system 200 of
At one extreme is the situation where recovery system 400 has minimal knowledge from the processing of insertion system 200. For example, in one such implementation, the only information available to recovery system 400 is the original, unmarked video work and the one or more watermark carriers generated by carrier generator 202. In this case, a possible "brute force" technique would be to apply a matched filter for each of the different modulated watermark carriers to the noisy map generated by watermark extractor 404 to find the best matches, where each match would indicate a different bit of recovered coded watermark data. This technique would require a modulation scheme in which both logical "1"s and logical "0"s were explicitly embedded into the input bit stream by applying modulated watermark carriers (as opposed, for example, to the implicit encoding of logical "0"s by leaving the original video content unchanged at specified locations).
The opposite extreme case of maximal information from the watermark insertion process would involve the recording of each location and its corresponding watermark carrier selected during location selection 208 of
Other possible watermark recovery algorithms require less information from the watermark insertion processing of
The processing indicated in
Here, too, in an alternative implementation, if the set of available watermark carriers is known, the data recorded during the watermark insertion processing need not explicitly include identification of the corresponding watermark carriers. In such case, carrier demodulation 410 could test each modulated version of each different watermark carrier at each selected location identified by location selection 408 to recover each bit of watermark data.
In one implementation of the present invention, both the (unmarked) input video work and the (marked) output video work are digital video bitstreams. In alternative implementations, one or both of input and output works could be analog video signals.
In preferred implementations, the modulated watermark carriers are added to the luminance (i.e., brightness) pixel data, for example, in a conventional YUV or YCrCb color space, the watermark carriers are added to the Y channel. In alternative implementations, modulated watermark carriers could be applied to the color components of the data instead of or in addition to being applied to the brightness component. Moreover, the present invention can also be implemented in color spaces that do not have specific luminance data, such as the conventional RGB color space, where the modulated watermark carriers could be added to any combination of the red, green, and/or blue pixel data.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the watermark carriers are 3D spatio-temporal Gaussian functions having a peak value at some specified X, Y, and t location, whose amplitude falls off in all temporal and spatial directions from that location. In other embodiments described above, the watermark carriers are 3D spatio-temporal patterns having rectilinear shapes in the 3D video space. In other alternative embodiments, 3D spatio-temporal patterns having shapes other than rectilinear can be used as watermark carriers, including cylindrical or elliptical (including spherical). Furthermore, one or more of the watermark carriers could be one-dimensional, where each pattern corresponds to a one-dimensional curve (including a straight line) in the 3D video space. Similarly, one or more of the watermark carriers could be two-dimensional, where the pattern corresponded to 3D curvilinear surface (including a flat plane) in 3D video space. Depending on the particular watermark carrier, the 1D or 2D patterns could be oriented in any possible manner with respect to the X (height), Y (width), and Z (duration) axes of the 3D video space. In addition, watermark carriers could correspond to either contiguous or non-contiguous sets of pixels, whether those sets form one-, two-, or three-dimensional patterns.
Although the present invention has been described in the context of a video frame as a single entity, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can also be applied in the context of interlaced video works and associated field processing. As such, unless clearly inappropriate for the particular implementation described, the term "frame," especially as used in the claims, should be interpreted to cover applications for both video frames and video fields.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of video data, the present invention could also be implemented in the context of audio data.
The present invention may be implemented as circuit-based processes, including possible implementation on a single integrated circuit. As would be apparent to one skilled in the art, various functions of circuit elements may also be implemented as processing steps in a software program. Such software may be employed in, for example, a digital signal processor, micro-controller, or general-purpose computer.
The present invention can be embodied in the form of methods and apparatuses for practicing those methods. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of program code embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of program code, for example, whether stored in a storage medium, loaded into and/or executed by a machine, or transmitted over some transmission medium or carrier, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose processor, the program code segments combine with the processor to provide a unique device that operates analogously to specific logic circuits.
It will be further understood that various changes in the details, materials, and arrangements of the parts which have been described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of this invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the following claims.
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Fun With The DefCon 20 Ninja Badge
This year marked the 20th anniversary of the DefCon conference. Each year at DefCon, there's a mad dash from attendees to try to gain access to what many perceive to be the best party during the con. The party is hosted by a group of folks known as Ninja Networks, and for the past 3 years, access to the party was granted through obtaining a custom badge, known as the Ninja badge.
Sadly, the folks that comprise Ninja Networks announced (in this post on the DefCon forum) that this would be the last year of the Ninja party. To celebrate, the ninjas went all out when they came up with badges this year. This post is going to talk about the ninja badge, and how we were able to earn one this year.
A Bit About the Badge
The Ninja badge this year was an HTC One V Android smartphone. That's right: by obtaining one of the badges, you were handed a mobile device that costs roughly $300. The ninjas wrote their own custom ROM for the devices, as well as multiple applications to be used during the conference. The applications included things like a game that could be played with other ninja badge holders, a centralized chat application, and an app which communicated with a vending machine via bluetooth to dispense beverages to badge holders.
That's all very cool, "But wait! There's more!".
A Hacker Cell Network
The ninjas didn't stop at making a cool badge this year. In addition to having custom smartphones the ninjas set up their own cell network called NinjaTel. This cell network allowed the ninja badges to communicate with other badge holders during DefCon. Badge holders could call, IM, and send private messages to each other.
So amazing was this setup, that the Wall Street Journal has a post on their blog about it. The NinjaTel network was created using USRP devices - set to GSM frequencies. Voice traffic was managed by an Asterisk VoIP infrastructure. The contact database on the phone was synchronized with a central directory maintained by the ninjas, and each person that got a badge was registered with the NinjaTel network. The whole shebang was managed and run out of a cargo van parked in the DefCon Vendor area.
Needless to say, being interested in all things mobile, we were drooling when we found out about all of this. We made it a personal goal to do everything we could to get one of these badges to play with. For those that aren't aware, the ninja badge is intended to be a social thing. They are given out to friends and family, and to people that the ninjas feel contribute back to the community.
Since none of us knew any of the ninjas personally, chances were slim that we'd be able to get one. After about a day of talking to everyone we knew that had a ninja badge, it was clear that the only way we were going to get one was by somehow earning it. Fortunately, a good friend was willing to lend us hers for a while.
First Impressions
Once we had one of devices in our hands, we disappeared into our hotel room for the rest of the day, to begin hacking. The first thing we did was reboot it. We were immediately floored by how nifty the ROM was. The ninjas created their own boot animation, complete with Pat Fleet welcoming us to NinjaTel.
Once the device had booted up, we immediately powered it down and booted it again – this time into the bootloader menu (by holding the VOL-DOWN button while powering the device on). The device was running an HTC dev build, and the bootloader was locked.
Because this wasn't our own badge, we were hesitant to do anything too disruptive, like unlocking the bootloader and flashing recovery with clockworkmod or similar. Instead, we brought the device back up, and dumped the /system and /data directories via ADB. We had no problems getting the device recognized by ADB, but it seems that others needed to add entries to their configuration. Travis Goodspeed posted the following settings to pastebin:
#NinjaTel HTC One V 0bb4:0ce5, 0bb4:0ff9, 0bb4:0ff0
#The first allows for adb, while the latter two are needed for fastboot.
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4" ATTRS{idProduct}=="0ce5" MODE:="0666" SYMLINK+="HTCONEV"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4" ATTRS{idProduct}=="0ff9" MODE:="0666" SYMLINK+="HTCONEV"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4" ATTRS{idProduct}=="0ff0" MODE:="0666" SYMLINK+="HTCONEV"
Hacking the Badge
We then spent the next few hours dissecting the various ninja applications, and poking around on the system. We quickly came to the conclusion that the device was running Android ICS, because we noticed the presence of the directory /system/etc/security/cacerts/ (this directory doesn't exist prior to ICS, in earlier versions the certificate store is in a BKS formatted file at /system/etc/security/cacerts.bks). It didn't seem likely that the devices would be running JellyBean, and this guess seemed confirmed when we observed the following entry in the /system/build.prop file:
This was all neat, but none of it was helping us to earn a badge. The ninjas had created a very cool launcher, but there was no apparent way to get to any apps other than those built into their custom UI. Similarly, there was no way to access the system settings. A picture of what the main screen looked like is below:
It struck us as odd that there would be no mechanism to access settings, so we looked a little deeper to see if there was some hidden way of accessing these items.
Android Hidden Codes
One of the tools we created for our testing checks the device for applications that have configured secret codes. Secret codes can be used by applications to launch intents. Access to the intent is gained by dialing a specific string of digits in the dialer application. For example, many Android devices contain an information activity which can be accessed by dialing *#*#4636#*#*.
An application registers secret codes by using the following elements in the AndroidManifest.xml file:
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SECRET_CODE" />;
<data android:scheme="android_secret_code" android:host="3333" />;
Running through all the applications on the NinjaTel device didn't show any helpful secret codes. Just the usual Google and HTC specific codes were present:
Since we couldn't really do a whole lot through the device UI, any ideas we came up with to try to earn a badge required us to be more hands-on with the device than we were willing to risk with a friend's phone. Disheartened, we quit for the night at around 2am.
When All Else Fails, Code Your Own Way
Friday was pretty busy for all of us, so we didn't get much of a chance to play with the badge. We heard a lot of friends that had one asking about what version of Android the device was running, and wondering how to get to system settings and other apps. We also heard about an OTA update that NinjaTel was performing, and a lot of folks trying to guess whether or not they had received it. It occurred to us about halfway through the morning that writing a simple app to launch system settings – and showing which version of NinjaTel the device was running – could be useful to a number of folks. Since the ninja badge had a dialer app, this launcher could be called by registering our own Android secret code. Once things calmed down a bit, we sat down to do just that.
We wrote up a very simple app: just one activity, and a BroadcastReceiver (to catch the secret code when the dialer broadcasts it out). The activity had 3 buttons, one to bring up the system settings, one to launch Facebook, and one to launch Google Music. We set it up so that the app would launch when the user dialed *#*#303#*#* from the dialer app. Here's what it looked like once it was running:
Mission Accomplished!
We wanted to show the OTA version information on the screen as well, so we went up to the NinjaTel booth in the Vendor area, and showed them what we had, and asked where the version information was being stored. They told us, and then asked if we wanted a badge! Of course, we said yes – how could we not?
Now that we had one of our very own to play with, we could appreciate more the effort that went into creating the ninja badges. Among other things, the ninjas had created their own SIM cards:
Dump & Flash
One of the first things we did was dump the ROM, and make a Nandroid image. To do that, we needed to unlock the boot loader. We next installed clockworkmod by running the following:
fastboot flash recovery recovery-clockwork-184.108.40.206-primou.img Once we had all that done, we flashed the Modaco ROM image (with HTC Sense) onto the device.
Props & Thanks
Serious Kudos to the ninjas for going all out and making what is probably the coolest "badge" we've ever seen. The badge is so well done, that people are still playing with it: One gentleman tweaked a stock ROM image to retain the NinjaTel branding, the badge was used to prank a Radio Shack employee. To encourage the fun, the ninjas have begun posting the source code for their apps over at github. We're glad we got a chance to play along this year.
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Top 20 policing Twitter accounts (20-11)
Part one of PoliceOracle's two part series on the best policing tweeters. Twitter. It's becoming an increasingly important force in the world of policing, or just the world in general. So to make sure your twitter feed is well balanced, like a good meal after a night shift, we've put toget
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Leaving the job: how mapping can help you - part 3
Former police officer Peter Kelleher completes his mini-series on how mapping your transition from the police service to your new role can help you. Last month I wrote about using mapping techniques to help with networking by targeting and building contacts whether you are looking to leave your
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Sir Monty Finniston
1 portrait of Sir Monty Finniston
Sir Monty Finniston
by Baron Studios
5 x 4 inch film negative, 30 January 1962
Given by Godfrey Argent, 1999
Photographs Collection
NPG x191348
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Sir (Harold) Montague ('Monty') Finniston (1912-1991), Metallurgist and businessman. Sitter in 1 portrait.
Artistback to top
- Baron Studios (active 1954-1974). Artist associated with 1297 portraits.


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Buy flats in Charity Bick Way, West Bromwich B70 - 5 bedrooms
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Marketed by Fine & Country - Leamington Spa, CV32. Call 01926 267823


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This 1966 Maserati Series II Sebring is an untouched original example that was recently recovered from barn storage. It's been under the same ownership since... More
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In an isometric exercise, a force is applied against a resistant object,
so that even though tension builds in a specific muscle, there is no movement.
You can do isometric exercises to strengthen the muscles of your neck.
For each exercise, keep your neck straight and look straight
Talk with your doctor or physical therapist if you have
questions about how to do these or any other exercises.


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Combating biphobia, Jonzi D, the art of the auto-obit 03/26/2014
Wednesday, March 26, 2014
Journalist Benoit Denizet-Lewis on biphobia and the "messy, complicated middle range" between gay and straight. British choreographer and art director Jonzi D on honour and hip hop. Journalist Sandra Martin on actor James Rebhorn's autobiographical obit.
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Technology Briefing | Internet: Starbucks' New Music Service
By John Schwartz (NYT)
Published: March 16, 2004
The Starbucks Corporation is introducing a music service to make personalized CD's for customers while they sip. Working with Hewlett-Packard, Starbucks will open its first Hear Music store in Santa Monica, Calif., today, and plans to put music kiosks in 2,500 stores over the next two years. The system allows users to choose from more than 250,000 online songs, and to burn CD's for $6.99 for five songs, with each additional tune costing $1. Howard Schultz, Starbucks' chairman, called the move a natural extension of the company's success in selling its own brand of CD's in stores around the world. John Schwartz (NYT)


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