text:
BlueStripe Software Named One of Network World's '10 IT Management Start-Ups to Watch'
RTP, N.C., Nov. 3 /PRNewswire/ — BlueStripe Software, the industry's first provider of Application Service Management (ASM) solutions for virtualized data center environments, today announced that IDG's Network World has selected BlueStripe as one of its "10 IT Management Start-Ups to Watch." Companies are selected for Network World's Companies to Watch lists based on the strength of each company's technology and their industry segment.
As a leading provider of news, analysis, reviews, events, and education on information technology, Network World has compiled Top 10 Companies to Watch lists across a variety of technology categories for over a decade. The "10 IT Management Start-Ups to Watch" article appears in the November 3, 2008 edition of Network World and can be accessed on the publication's Web site at http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/110308-mgmt-cos.html?hpg1=bn.
This acknowledgement by Network World marks a wave of recognition for BlueStripe since emerging from stealth mode and announcing FactFinder in September. Last month, BlueStripe was named as a finalist in the Early Stage Company of the Year category for the North Carolina Technology Association's 2008 NCTA 21 Awards. In September, it was named a Best of VMworld 2008 Finalist by TechTarget Inc.'s SearchServerVirtualization.com in the application and infrastructure management category.
FactFinder is the industry's only solution to enable enterprises to stage, deploy, and manage business-critical applications during physical to virtual (P2V) conversions, application staging, quality assurance testing, and production deployments. By bridging the gap between enterprise applications and the new virtual environments on which they are being deployed, FactFinder gives IT support teams the management visibility, the tools to measure, and the ability to triage their critical business applications.
"We developed FactFinder after talking with many enterprise IT leaders, so when industry leaders such as Network World take notice it tells us we've been doing something right — and that's very rewarding," said BlueStripe co-founder and CEO Chris Neal. "The IT management problems that BlueStripe set out to solve — application visibility and management capabilities across any environment — are certainly resonating with the market."
About Network World
Network World, Inc., the Leader in Network Knowledge, empowers network IT executives through education, information and community. Network World, an IDG company, is the leading provider of news, analysis, reviews, events and education on information technology. Network World publishes the leading newsweekly, Network World, hosts the most active online communities (http://www.networkworld.com/, http://www.javaworld.com/, http://www.linuxworld.com/, and http://www.demo.com/), and produces educational seminars and events worldwide. Network World's portfolio of strategic marketing programs provides marketing and agency professionals with the tools to generate high-quality leads, optimize marketing campaigns, and create new revenue opportunities. Additionally, Network World is the event organizer of DEMO and DEMOfall, the leading events for new technology innovation.
About BlueStripe Software
BlueStripe Software is the industry's first provider of Application Service Management (ASM) solutions for virtualized data center environments. BlueStripe's flagship product suite, FactFinder, eliminates the barriers to migrating and managing business-critical applications on virtual server platforms. Based in Research Triangle Park area in Morrisville, NC, BlueStripe is led by an executive team that has built some of the industry's leading enterprise application management companies, including Wily Technology, Relicore, Computer Associates and IBM/Tivoli. For additional information, please visit http://www.bluestripe.com/.
MEDIA CONTACTS: Mike Lough BlueStripe Software +1.877.750.2583 email@example.com http://www.bluestripe.com/ Toni Iafrate Davies Murphy Group, Inc. +1.781.418.2406 firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.daviesmurphy.com/
BlueStripe Software
CONTACT: Mike Lough, BlueStripe Software, +1-877-750-2583,email@example.com; or Toni Iafrate, Davies Murphy Group, Inc.,+1-781-418-2406, email@example.com
Web Site: http://www.bluestripe.com/http://www.networkworld.com/


text:
As you guessed, the fender liners narrow a bit from the firewall to the horizontal bar at the front of the frame (the taper basically follows the lines of the hood opening); the liners have a notch at the bottom front, which fits onto the bar on either side of the radiator and is glued down.
It looks like the fender liners really need to be assembled according to the instructions for structural stability.
I'll try to get some pictures later.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
QUICKLY is a clean multipurpose, elegant template for blogging system – Blogspot. It is highly customizable and it is easy to navigate through the posts and of course it's written in the newest standards of HTML5 and CSS3! It's focus on user-experience, usability, and beautiful typography and it will shows you how cool and flexible Blogspot Portfolio and Photography template can be.
Fully Responsive – The theme looks great not only on desktops but also on devices, which means they are working super sleek on mobile device like ipad or iphone
WordPress Version of this Blogspot template has been released! Check out here
Requirement – Ensure all images are hosted in Blogger/Blogspot server.
Primary Features:
- Masonry Powered Grid
- Sleek design with a responsive layout
- Effective thumbnail and summary generator w/ Youtube Thumbnail
- Supports archive template
- Custom 404 error page
- Background, Color and font customization
- Documentation
Extensv Gadgets
Full list of free gadgets that we've created to futher extend the functionality of your premium template are available on this page: http://extensv.com/gadgets/


text:
Use code PPDGGV details >* Save $25 on your order of $199+. Use promotion code PPDGGV during checkout. Discount does not apply to shipping charges, duty charges and cannot be combined with any other offer or used on previous orders. Offer expires on 5/24/2015 at 11:59 PM EST.
details >Sign up for our FREE Party Newsletter to help you plan the best event ever! Also by signing up for the Stumps Party Newsletter today you will receive a coupon for 50% Ground Shipping on your next order! We'll help you make your event a night to remember.
details >Orders placed by midnight ET for most personalized and made-to-order items will ship the next business day. Excludes holidays and weekends. Some personalized and made-to-order items require a longer processing time and is noted as such on each product page. Credit card and billing information must be correct at time of order. Please note that shipping transit time still applies, look for the estimated delivery date during checkout. Processing time will apply to any in-stock items that are consolidated with items that are made-to-order. There is never an up charge for adding personalization to our products. In a very few cases, the retail price of a personalized item may be slightly more than that of a similar stock item, due to production processes.
Accessorize With Spirit!
Wear these fun earrings to games, pep rallies, and around the town! These spirit filled Blue and Yellow Paw Earrings measure 1 1/4 inches long x 1/2 inch wide.


text:
Has anybody gone the sub £5k route for a liveaboard?
View Single Post
is Awesome!
Join Date: Sep 2011
Location: United Kingdom
Posts: 311
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power:
Re: Has anybody gone the sub £5k route for a liveaboard?
I'm in the UK so I don't know how different the markets are, there seem to be quite a few boats for sale at the sub £5k mark ($7,789) but this one (westerly 28) seems to be the best value for money I have found so far...
I haven't been to view it yet, but on the strength of the advert and images it
to be in sailable condition and I could live-aboard straight away.
It's up at an asking price of £3500 which according to bloomberg is currently $5,452.30
At 1968 build its 10 years older than me! but looks to be in good shape.
Fingers crossed it will still be there in a few weeks time!
Thanks everybody for the feedback, I was just curious if I was likely to be buying a boat load of trouble buying so cheap and indeed if anybody else has gone this route.
View Public Profile
Send a private message to DavidB.UK
Visit DavidB.UK's homepage!
Find all posts by DavidB.UK


text:
New and Familiar Faces
New and Familiar Faces
Meet new face Jennifer Moore, Academic Advisor, College of the Arts
Meet familiar face Sharon Elmert, Senior Secretary, Residence Services
Jennifer MooreAcademic Advisor
Kent Campus
College of the Arts
New Face
Job Description:I will mainly be working with our graduating students, making sure they have all their degree requirements complete before starting their next step in life.
Worked at KSU since:August 2011
Employment Prior to Kent State University:Aultman College of Nursing and Health Sciences
Likes Most About Kent State University:The amazing opportunities our students have to take advantage of here and at all our campuses
Attraction to Kent State University as an Employer:I had a great experience as a student at Kent State and want to help others have just as wonderful of an experience.
Resides in:North Canton, Ohio
Hometown:Dover, Ohio
Education:BBA, Business Management from Kent State University and will complete a master's of technology from Kent State University in spring 2012.
Hobbies:Reading, walking, dance, photography and wine tastings
Sharon ElmertSenior Secretary
Kent Campus
Residence Services


text:
R & Y Augousti
Large Rectangular Tray in Stone Eel Leather
- Color:
- stone
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Share This Item: Email
Large Rectangular Tray in Stone Eel Leather:
- Large handmade rectangular tray with handles
- Stone eel leather base
- Rectangular wood handles
- Measures 23¼ inches in length by 13½ inches in width by 2½ inches in height
- Wipe with a damp cloth
Every R & Y Augousti product is handmade using all natural materials. Slight color variations are part of the inherent beauty of these products.
Material: Eel leather and wood
Brand: R & Y Augousti
Origin: Imported


text:
Hello Guild Wars community,
During the beta last weekend I recorded a few hours of live commentary while playing Guild Wars 2. I really want to get the content out to as many people as possible to receive feedback and suggestions of what you guys want to see my play (and my perspective on). Only one video up at the moment but content will be posted daily until it dries up from the last beta. I hope you enjoy it and please subscribe to be notified of my content if you like it. Would also be fantastic if you could spread the word around by sending it to your friends.
As it says above I will be uploading more videos every day this week


text:
Filed Under (Honda) by admin on 06-11-2011
DO NOT REMOVE THE 3 PHILLIP SCREWS ON THE BACK OF THE SPEEDOMETER. This will unscrew the circuit board and the main components inside the speedometer, and possibly damage it. Just leave those 3 screws alone. They won't make your customization any easier if they are removed. This is the hard part. Turn the speedometer face down on a soft towel on a sturdy table, bench, etc. I used a regular flat screwdriver to do this step. There is a chrome metal ring holding the glass on the speedometer. It is factory sealed. On the bottom side of this ring start prying with a flat screwdriver under the bottom lip of the metal ring. This will be a slow process (patience, patience, patience) so don't get in a hurry and ruin the wife's kitchen table like I did. Go around the metal ring with a flat screwdriver prying it up as straight as you can. It's easier doing this every millimeter or two. I had to do this about 3 times all the way around the ring. After you pry the lip of the ring up all the way around enough to loosen it up considerably, gently pull the ring off of the speedometer. The glass should come off with it. Put the glass with the chrome ring aside for later. You might want to use a soft lint free towel to rest it on
Incoming search terms:
- speedometer honda shadow 750 doesnt work
- 1999 honda shadow ace 750 charging systems
- change coolant 750 honda shadow
- changing spark plug on vt750 shadow
- 2003 honda shadow 750 coolant leak
- turn signal schematic for 2007 honda spirit
- 2003 honda shadow 1100 carb diagram
- 03 honda shadow ace vtm750 lt side coil pac wires
- 2003 honda 750 ace carb removal


text:
MotoFX Graphics is a company dedicated to producing the best motocross graphics in the world. With our roots in snowmobile wraps (ArcticFX Graphics) and our expertise of the power sports industry, we have set out to change the way people buy MX graphics kits. Combining our custom made templates with the highest quality vinyl the industry has to offer we are able to provide both premium bike coverage and graphics that will last through the roughest of terrain.
We are truly passionate about our products and more importantly our customers. We strive to have the best customer service in the industry by ensuring every customer has a positive experience with us. This starts with our innovative new website and MotoWrapR™ application, an easy to use design tool that allows anyone to design their own motocross graphics and buy them in minutes. However, we don't stop there. As our customer you are our top priority and our professional design team and production crew will see to it that you get the quick, professional service you deserve.
Showcasing some of the thousands of MotoFX Community Designs. Use as a starting point for your own design or find the one you love and we'll ship it out today!
With millions of possible color and design combinations you can truly make your bike graphics one-of-a-kind.
Show off your design to your friends and share it with the world using our built in social media toolbar.
Order your custom bike graphics today and make your dream graphics a reality.
2013, 2014 © MotoFX. ALL Rights Reserved.
About Us|Returns-Exchanges |Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Shipping Information | Payment Options


text:
Page 1
Microsatellites Reveal a High Population Structure in
Triatoma infestans from Chuquisaca, Bolivia
Juan Carlos Pizarro1,2, Lauren M. Gilligan2, Lori Stevens2*
1Facultad de Bioquı ´mica, Universidad de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia, 2Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United
States of America
Background: For Chagas disease, the most serious infectious disease in the Americas, effective disease control depends on
elimination of vectors through spraying with insecticides. Molecular genetic research can help vector control programs by
identifying and characterizing vector populations and then developing effective intervention strategies.
Methods and Findings: The population genetic structure of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), the main vector of
Chagas disease in Bolivia, was investigated using a hierarchical sampling strategy. A total of 230 adults and nymphs from 23
localities throughout the department of Chuquisaca in Southern Bolivia were analyzed at ten microsatellite loci. Population
structure, estimated using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to estimate FST(infinite alleles model) and RST(stepwise
mutation model), was significant between western and eastern regions within Chuquisaca and between insects collected in
domestic and peri-domestic habitats. Genetic differentiation at three different hierarchical geographic levels was significant,
even in the case of adjacent households within a single locality (RST=0.14, FST=0.07). On the largest geographic scale,
among five communities up to 100 km apart, RST=0.12 and FST=0.06. Cluster analysis combined with assignment tests
identified five clusters within the five communities.
Conclusions: Some houses are colonized by insects from several genetic clusters after spraying, whereas other households
are colonized predominately by insects from a single cluster. Significant population structure, measured by both RSTand FST,
supports the hypothesis of poor dispersal ability and/or reduced migration of T. infestans. The high degree of genetic
structure at small geographic scales, inferences from cluster analysis and assignment tests, and demographic data suggest
reinfesting vectors are coming from nearby and from recrudescence (hatching of eggs that were laid before insecticide
spraying). Suggestions for using these results in vector control strategies are made.
Citation: Pizarro JC, Gilligan LM, Stevens L (2008) Microsatellites Reveal a High Population Structure in Triatoma infestans from Chuquisaca, Bolivia. PLoS Negl
Trop Dis 2(3): e202. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000202
Editor: Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira, Rene ´ Rachou Research Center, Brazil
Received June 27, 2007; Accepted January 28, 2008; Published March 26, 2008
Copyright: ? 2008 Pizarro et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the a Fulbright Fellowship (JCP), National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0436330, (LS), and UVM
Honor's College (LG) URECA program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: email@example.com
Chagas disease is a parasitic disease in which the pathogenic
agent, Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by hematophagous insects of
the sub-family Triatominae. Triatoma infestans is the major vector in
the Andean highlands where the disease is endemic and has
infected humans for over 9000 years [1]. Chagas disease is the
most important parasitic disease in the Americas in terms of
mortality and economic impact [2]. In Bolivia the endemic area
covers 55% of the country and, in 1985, more than one million
people were infected [3]. In 1991 a public health program, the
Southern Cone Initiative was launched by the World Health
Organization to eliminate vector populations [4], through
spraying of houses and surrounding areas with pyrethroid
insecticides [5]. In Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, T.
infestans is exclusively domestic or peri-domestic, thus eradication
of the vector in these regions, followed by vigilance against re-
infestation, has proven largely successful in reducing transmission
of T. cruzi and thus the prevalence of Chagas disease [6]. In
contrast, in Bolivia the vectors occur in domestic, peri-domestic,
and sylvatic environments [7]; thus, control of T. infestans in towns
and homesteads is confounded by the possible re-infestation from
surrounding sylvatic areas.
Molecular genetic research can help vector control programs by
identifying and characterizing genetically distinct vector popula-
tions and then developing effective intervention strategies [8].
Several genetic markers including isozymes and the mitochondrial
cytochrome b gene have proved useful in studying the genetic
diversity of T. infestans [9,10]; however, markers with more
resolution would aid vector control efforts. DNA based microsat-
ellite markers have been widely used in population studies because
of their large polymorphism information content, widespread
distribution in the eukaryotic genome and robust methodology.
To reduce transmission of Chagas disease, estimates of
population differentiation are crucial to understand vector
dispersal, sources of reinfestation, and gene flow; this genetic
information is an important tool for effective management of
insect control programs. Here we aimed to investigate the
population genetic structure and inferred the source of coloniza-
tion of vectors in the department of Chuquisaca, Bolivia using ten
www.plosntds.org1 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 2
highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The geographic region
has high levels of human infection and house infestation and is
located in a region thought to be the evolutionary origin of T.
Study sites and Triatomine sampling
Insects were collected from 23 localities including both peri-
urban (inhabited areas in the immediate vicinity of a city) and
rural sites (less than 2000 inhabitants) in the provinces of Oropeza,
Zudan ˜ez, Azurduy, Yamparaez, Tomina, Belisario Boeto and
Hernando Siles within the Department of Chuquisaca, in the
Bolivian highlands ranging from 1079 to 3020 meters above the
sea level (Table 1, Figure 1). This area presents a broken
topography with numerous valleys and small plateaus character-
ized by very diverse climates. In the Andean highlands, wheat is
grown predominantly in small-scale, subsistence farming systems.
In higher precipitation areas, potato is the preferred crop. Rainfall
in these areas ranges from approximately 300 to 600 mm per year.
In the Andean Plateau the average temperature is less than 10uC
and there is less than 500 mm of annual precipitation. The
Andean valleys present moderate climates, with average temper-
atures of 18uC and approximately 500 and 600 mm of rain every
year. The relative humidity varies throughout the year, showing a
similar pattern to the other climatic parameters. The majority of
the vegetation in the plateau is grassy plain with a rich variety of
grasses and dichotomous herbs, but also shrubs and some trees.
The valleys contain fertile soils where vegetables, cereals and fruits
are grown.
Specimens of T. infestans included in the present study were a
mixture of nymphs and adults, collected from inside as well as the
immediate vicinity of homes. Collections were made in the months
of the Southern hemisphere summer 2002, spring 2005 and fall
2005. Forty-four insects came from a single corral in the
community of Jackota in the province of Zudan ˜ez, 78 insects
were collected in the community of Zurima in the province of
Oropeza, and 37 were collected in Sucre the capital and main city
of Chuquisaca located in the province of Oropeza. The remaining
71 insects came from collections in 20 localities throughout
Chuquisaca. All insects included in the study were identified as T.
infestans using taxonomic keys [11]. Insects from the first collection
were frozen live. Those from subsequent collections were placed in
95% ethanol while alive. Specimens then were sent to Vermont,
USA for molecular analysis.
Molecular analysis
DNA was extracted from three legs or 25 mg of tissue obtained
from the posterior part of the abdomen of a given specimen using
the Qiagen DNeasy DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia,
CA). Care was taken to avoid sampling from the mid-abdomen as
the stomach may inhibit the PCR reaction [12].
Microsatellite and genotyping system.
previously published microsatellite markers: TiA02, TiC02,
TiC08, TiC09, TiD09, TiE02, TiE12, TiF03, TiF11 and TiG03
[13]. To allow us to amplify and analyze all 10 loci in a single
multiplex reaction, primers for three loci (TiC08* '5-AAG CAA
ATA TTT TGT GTG TGT GTG -3'', TiD09* '5 –GGT CTT
GGA TTT TAT GGG TTA TTT T -3', and TiF03* '5 –CAC
We used ten
Author Summary
Chagas disease is a protozoan infection caused by the
parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas is prevalent through-
out Central and South America, and it remains a chief
concern in Bolivia. A movement that began in 1991 called
the Southern Cone Initiative has been successful in
reducing the incidence of Chagas disease in the Southern
Cone countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay;
but due to socio-economic and other factors, incidence
remains high in Bolivia. The most important mode of
transmission of T. cruzi to humans and other mammals is
through feces of triatomine bugs. Thus, disease control
and transmission prevention focus on elimination of
triatomine vectors, and more specifically in Bolivia, it
focuses on the elimination of Triatoma infestans. This study
focuses on T. infestans in the Department of Chuquisaca,
Bolivia. Ten highly variable microsatellite markers were
used to analyze the population structure of insects
collected in different towns. Statistical analyses show that
T. infestans are highly structured, which means that they
colonize on a small geographic scale. The results also
suggest little active dispersal. These findings should be
implemented during control efforts so that insecticide
spraying focuses on geographic areas of colonization and
Table 1. Locations of the 23 populations of Triatoma
infestans from Chuquisaca, Bolivia and their geographical and
ecological grouping.
Province nLocalityN Alt.Latitude Longitude ab c d e
Tomina1 Alcala ´2 2138 19u229S 64u259W a1
2 Astillero2 1922 19u309S 64u119W a1
3 Calle Calle 12600 19u069S64u409Wa1
4 Caraparı ´1 1819 18u429S 64u309Wa1
42449 19u259S 64u549W a1
6 La Joya3 2524 18u399S 64u459W a1
7 Jackota44 2425 19u049S 64u489W a1 bd
8 Parajti Ajial 32433 19u039S 64u459W a1
9 Presto3 2513 18u559S 64u569W a1
10 Toledo2 3009 19u109S 65u059Wa1
11 Zuda ´n ˜ez
2 2619 19u079S 64u429W a1
Oropeza 12 Sucre37 2783 19u029S 65u159W a2 b
13 Chacarilla2 2544 18u539S 65u059W a2
14 El Chaco9 2381 18u529S 65u059W a2 b
15 Quiqui-jana12847 18u499S 65u039W a2
16 Un ˜ucurı ´12648 18u469S 64u579Wa2
17 Zurima 78 2514 18u459S 65u059Wa2 b ce
Yamparaez 18 Mora
2 2403 19u439S64u229W a2
19 Peras
2 2419 18u569S 65u069W a2
20 Vila Vila13020 19u069S 64u529W a2
B. Boeto21 Serrano 252235 19u069S 64u229W a1 b
Azurduy 22 Tarvita3 2722 19u499S 64u319W a1
H. Siles 23 Ingre2 1079 20u369S 63u569Wa1
Alt.=meters above sea level, a) Eastern (a1, low altitude) vs. Western (a2, high
altitude), b) 5 communities ,100 Km apart, c) 7 houses in Zurima, d) corral in
Jackota, e) domestic vs. peridomestic habitats, n=locality identification,
N=number of insects.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org2 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 3
ACA AAC ACT TAA ACA CAC ACA A -3') were modified so
that the PCR product size did not overlap with other products of
the same size range and fluorescence label. Our PCR reactions
used the Qiagen Multiplex PCR kit (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA).
Template DNA (50–100 ng), primers and molecular biology grade
water were added to the 26multiplex PCR master mix to a final
volume of 25 mL. The concentration of each primer was adjusted
to permit good readings of the fluorescent peaks, modified by the
addition of a fluorescence label and produced PCR products with
the number of base pairs as follows: TiA02, 0.138, HEX, 173–225;
TiC02, 0.138, HEX, 157–211; TiC08*, 0.276, 6-FAM, 110–144;
TiC09, 0.552, NED, 125–159; TiD09*, 0.276, NED, 294–342;
TiE02, 0.138, HEX, 147–167; TiE12, 0.276, HEX, 303–321;
TiF03*, 0.276, 6-FAM, 215–269; TiF11, 0.138, NED, 256–280;
and TiG03, 0.552, HEX, 200–250. The amplification protocol
consisted of an initial step of 15 min at 95uC to activate the DNA
polymerase and denature the template DNA, followed by 30 cycles
of 30 sec at 94uC, 90 sec at 55uC, 60 sec at 72uC, and a final
extension step of 10 min at 72uC. All reactions were carried out in
a Techne TC-512 thermocycler (Techne Duxford, Cambridge,
MA). PCR products were diluted 1/10 in distilled water then
analyzed on an ABI Prism 3100 genetic analyzer using a ROX
labeled size standard. Genotypes were read using GeneMapperTM
version 4.0 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The
multiple PCR products were analyzed on an ABI Prism 3100
genetic analyzer using a ROX labeled size standard. Genotypes
were read using GeneMapperTMversion 4.0 (Applied Biosystems,
Foster City, CA).
Data analysis
We investigated population genetic structure at both ecological
and geographic levels (Table 1 a–e). Ecological grouping included:
Eastern, low altitude (97 individuals) vs. Western, high altitude
(133 individuals) regions (Table 1 a) and domestic (36 individuals)
vs. peri-domestic habitats (42 individuals) within Zurima (Table 1
e). The geographic groupings included: among 5 communities
within a 100 Km diameter with a total of 193 individuals (Table 1
b), among 7 households within a 750 m diameter (defined as a
house and the associated peri-domestic buildings and corrals, with
4, 7, 14, 7, 6, 11 and 3 insects respectively) within Zurima (Table 1
c), and 36 nymphs from a single corral in Jackota (Table 1 d). Four
insects from a household in Zurima were collected in 2002 before
spraying, all other specimens were sampled in 2005, up to 6
months after spraying and were re-infesting insects.
Estimatingpopulation structure.
structurewas investigated using
molecular variance (AMOVA) [14] for the model structures
shown in Table 1 (a–e), using both FST(based on the infinite alleles
model, IAM) and RST (based on a stepwise mutation model,
SMM) [15] using the software Arlequin version 3.1 [16]. Values
Genetic population
analysis hierarchicalof
Figure 1. Distribution of T. infestans in Bolivia (shaded area) and locations of sample sites in Chuquisaca.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org3 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 4
for the two statistics were tested for significant departure from zero
using permutation tests contained within the software package.
Nei's genetic distances among the 5 communities in group b
(Table 1) were calculated and a UPGMA dendogram was
Isolation by distance.
To test for isolation by distance we
performed a regression analysis of Slatkin's [17] linearized FST,
(FST/12FST) onto the natural log of geographic distance. In
addition, a Mantel test [18] was used to assess the correlation
between geographic distances among localities and differences in
altitude with respect to Nei's unbiased standard genetic distances
with 10000 random permutations using Arlequin version 3.1. The
analysis was done using the five localities with sample size .8
(mean=38.60, Table 1 b).
Pairwise multilocus estimates of the effective number of
migrants (Nm) based on private alleles [17], were estimated using
the software Genepop 3.4 [19], because this technique is more
conservative than estimates based on RSTfor the sample sizes used
in our study. The results were adjusted for diploid data, M=2Nm.
Based on the assignment test (see below) results from the software
Structure [20] which showed mismatches between source and
assigned populations from as far apart as 100 Km, we conducted a
second Mantel test with 1000 permutations to determine the
relationship between geographical distances and number of
migrants (Nm).
Assignment test.
We performed a Bayesian clustering
analysis using the software Structure [20]. The number of
populations, K was determined using the admixture ancestry
model and correlated allele frequencies, testing K=2 to 6 for the
five communities in group b (Table 1) and K=2 to 8 for the 7
households in Zurima. Each replicate was run 100,000 times
following a burn-in of 50,000 runs. Individuals were assigned a
cluster if the proportion ancestry $0.7; when no cluster was $0.7,
the individual was unassigned.
The average relatedness (r) among groups of
insects within households from Zurima (12 households), Serrano
(4) and Ingre (1) was determined using the software Relatedness
version 5.0 [21]. All individuals from a single household were used
to define Px and Py.
Population genetic structure
There was significant genetic differentiation among populations
based on RSTand FSTestimates for all hierarchical levels analyzed
(Table 2). Between low altitude East and high altitude West, RST
and FSTare statistically significant (RST=0.08, FST=0.02); both
measures are also significant among the five communities
,100 Km apart (RST=0.12, FST=0.06) and among houses in
Zurima (RST=0.14, FST=0.07). We also observed significant
differentiation between domestic and peri-domestic populations
within the community of Zurima (RST=0.05, FST=0.03).
Although East and West were genetically differentiated, we did
not observe a trend towards higher diversity at higher altitude
when we compared the Western populations with a mean altitude
of 2600 m, which comprises the provinces of Oropeza and
Yamparaez, with the Eastern populations having a mean altitude
of 2300 m which includes the provinces of Zudan ˜ez, Belisario
Boeto, Azurduy, Tomina and Hernando Siles. The mean number
of alleles per locus was 15.362.23 and 13.662.31 at the high and
low altitudes respectively (t-test, P.0.05). The dendogram based
on Nei's genetic distances showed a cluster comprising populations
from Zurima, El Chaco and Sucre differentiated from a sister
cluster with the Jackota population (Figure 2). These two clusters
were well differentiated from a cluster containing populations
from the more distant Serrano (Table 3). Pairwise estimates of
RST and FST among communities (Table 4) support the
conclusion that El Chaco, Zurima and Sucre are genetically
similar to each other and that these communities differ from
Jackota and Serrano. Within the town of Zurima, the estimates of
RSTand FSTamong the 7 households are shown in Table 5.
With respect to RST, households 4 and 5 are the most
different from other households. These households represent
peri-domestic samples and their difference from the other
Table 2. Results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) at ten microsatellite loci.
ModelVariation amongd.f.RST* P-valueFST*P-value
a) Between East and Westpopulations within regions17.74 (RST:0.08)
individuals within populations226 34.94 (RIS:0.38)
Within individuals230 57.31 (RIT:0.43)
b) Between localities
,100 Km apart
populations4 12.35 (RST:0.12)
individuals within populations 188 30.99 (RIS:0.35)
Within individuals193 56.65 (RIT:0.43)
c) Houses 100–1500 m aparthouses614.15 (RST:0.14)
individuals within houses 48 12.62 (RIS:0.14)0.00631.13 (FIS:0.33)
individuals52 73.23 (RIT:0.27)
d) single Corral individuals36 49.26 (RIS:0.49)
e) domestic vs peri-domestichabitats1 5.06 (RST:0.05)
individuals within habitats 7632.00 (RIS:0.34)
Within individuals78 62.94 (RIT:0.37)
For population information see Table 1. Significance levels based on 1000 permutations, *=percent of variation.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org4 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 5
households is also shown by the significant difference among
habitats (Table 2 e).
Assignment test
Five clusters were identified among the 5 communities (Table 3).
When assigning individuals to genetic populations based on these
communities, 78–86% of the individuals were assigned. The
clusters represent insects with similar genotypes. Assignment tests
can be viewed in terms of the number and evenness of
communities in a single cluster and with respect to the number
and evenness of clusters represented in a single community.
Cluster 1 was a mixture of insects from the three close localities,
Sucre, El Chaco and Zurima. The other four clusters contained
insects from primarily one locality: clusters 2 and 3 were primarily
from Zurima (24/29=83% and 24/28=86% respectively);
cluster 4 from Jackota (32/33=97%) and cluster 5 from Serrano
(18/28=64%). About 15–20% of the insects from each commu-
nity were not assigned. From the community perspective, most of
the insects from four of the communities are from a single genetic
group: Jackota (73% from cluster 4), Sucre (67% from cluster 1), El
Chaco (56% from cluster 1) and Serrano (72% from cluster 5).
Zurima contains a mixture of groups, 13% group 1, 31% from
group 2 and another 31% from group 3.
At the household level, five genetic clusters were identified from
the seven households (Table 6). Insects from households 1, 2, 5
and half of those from household 7 were collected in peri-domestic
settings, all the others came from domestic structures. The
assignment test was quite successful for some households (100%
assigned), yet for other households none of the insects were
assigned. There does not seem to be any tendency for insects
collected from domestic vs. peri-domestic sites to be assigned. With
respect to the life stage and household of origin for the insects in
each cluster, clusters 3 and 5 were mostly from a single household
(86% and 100% respectively) with cluster 5 being composed only
of the most geographically isolated insects and cluster 3 containing
5 nymphs and one adult from household 3 along with one adult
male from household 6. Cluster 2 contains insects from 5 of the 7
households and cluster 1 contains insects coming from 4
households. Cluster 4 contains only nymphs, five from household
3 and four from household 2. The fifth cluster was a mix of adults
and nymphs coming exclusively from Z-6. All four insects from the
pre-spraying collection were not assigned to any cluster (Z-1)
(Table 6).
Relatedness of insects in nine out of seventeen houses was not
significantly different from 0 (Table 7). From these nine
households, in six cases at least one adult was collected and in
three cases only nymphs were collected. For one household (S-1),
r,0 (P,0.05) indicating significant outcrossing. For seven houses
r.0 (P,0.05). A value of r<0.25 (half sibs) was obtained for four
households, and although the relatedness was similar in these
households, the composition of the insect collection varied (1 site
Figure 2. Dendogram of 5 populations of T. infestans from
Chuquisaca, Bolivia. Dendogram based on Nei's (1978) standard
genetic distance using the UPGMA method modified from the Neighbor
procedure of Phylip version 3.5. Numbers are distances between nodes.
Table 3. Assignment of individuals from 5 localities to genetic populations through Bayesian analysis.
PopulationNCluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3Cluster 4 Cluster 5 NA %A
Jackota44122 3216 86
Sucre37 2511136 84
El Chaco9510012 78
Zurima 7810 24 2405 1581
Serrano251110 184 84
Total19342 292833 2833
The numbered clusters represent distinct groups identified by Bayesian cluster analysis, using Structure [20]. Each cell contains the number of individuals from each
population assigned to the cluster with q$0.70.
NA=Not Assigned=number of individuals not assigned to any cluster.
%A=percent assigned to a genetic cluster.
Table 4. Pairwise estimates of multilocus RST(below
diagonal) and FST(above diagonal) between samples of T.
infestans from Chuquisaca.
Jackota SucreEl Chaco Zurima Serrano
Jackota 0.10***0.09*** 0.09*** 0.09***
Sucre 0.14***0.05* 0.02*** 0.05***
El Chaco 0.22*** 0.02 0.04** 0.07***
Zurima 0.22***0.010.040.03***
Serrano 0.10*** 0.05***0.19***0.10***
Results of permutation test of RSTor FST.0: *P,0.05, **P,0.01, ***P,0.001.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org5 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 6
only adults 1 site only nymphs and 2 sites a mix of adults and
nymphs). For the sites with the highest relatedness values (r<0.33,
0.44 and 0.48), in 2 houses a single adult and 2–4 nymphs were
collected and for one household only nymphs were collected.
Number of migrants
The estimates of the effective number of migrants per
generation, Nm, among towns ,40 Km apart was higher (2.03)
compared with those among more distant communities (1.42) and
among houses within the town of Zurima (0.99). The Mantel test
of isolation by distance revealed a non-significant correlation
between Slatkin's linearized FSTand Nm vs. the natural log of
geographic distance(R2=0.001,
P=0.725 respectively). Non-significant results were also observed
when applying the Mantel test for a correlation between Nei's
genetic distances and geographic distances among populations
P=0.548). The Mantel tests had low power because of the small
samples within many of the communities.
Our study region is an ecologically diverse but geographically
small valley–mountain environment in the department of
Chuquisaca in Southern Bolivia. This region has high levels of
house infestation and vector and human T. cruzi infection [22–24].
The use of microsatellite loci, now routine in many insect
population genetic studies because they are inherently more
polymorphic than allozyme loci and generally not targets of
selection, allows us to detect population structure with more
statistical power [25].
Structure among T. infestans populations
Previous studies on population genetics and morphometry of T.
infestans from Bolivia have found geographical variation in patterns
of population structure in this vector; therefore we examined
distinct ecological and geographic hierarchical groups ranging
from a single goat corral to comparing western and eastern regions
of Chuquisaca.
Genetic analysis over twenty-three localities throughout the
department of Chuquisaca have revealed moderate but highly
significant levels of genetic variation among populations. Both FST
and RST showed differentiation even within a community.
Previous study in the same area using a mitochondrial cyt b gene
[10] failed to verify significant genetic diversity comparing distant
rural and peri-urban settings. However, significant differentiation
was revealed when populations from Chuquisaca (Andean) were
compared with non-Andean populations from Brazil, Argentina
and the Bolivian Chaco. Cytogenetic [26] and allozyme [9] studies
have also confirmed genetic differences between T. infestans from
highlands (.1800 m) and lowlands (,500 m). We examined
insects from eastern and western Chuquisaca that significantly
differ in altitude, both groups are .2000 m, and we detected
significant differentiation at this ecological level.
In our study, RST values were larger than FST, suggesting
polymorphism is high and rates of migration are low [27]. The
IAM-based estimates (FST) indicate lower differentiation because
they do not distinguish among shared alleles in different
populations that are not identical by descent. Similar values of
RSTand FSTare only to be expected when mutation rates are
negligible in comparison to migration and drift. When the SMM
contributes to population differentiation, RSTvalues should be
larger than FSTvalues [28]. When comparing the 5 communities
(Table 4), in general, pairwise RST.FSTsuggesting that mutation
contributes to differences at this geographic level. However, there
is no such pattern for pairwaise RSTand FSTamong households
suggesting that mutation does not contributes much to differen-
tiation at this level.
Table 5. Pairwise estimates of multilocus RST(below
diagonal) and FST(above diagonal) for T. infestans from 7
households in Zurima.
Results of permutation test of RSTor FST.0: *P,0.05, **P,0.01, ***P,0.001.
Table 6. Assignment of individuals from 7 households in Zurima to genetic populations through Bayesian analysis.
Household HabitatN Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3Cluster 4Cluster 5 NA%A
Total 5266798 16
The numbered clusters represent distinct groups identified by Bayesian cluster analysis, using Structure [20]. Each cell contains the number of individuals from each
population assigned to the cluster with q$0.70.
H=habitat, D, domestic; P, peri-domestic; N=total number of individuals from each household, NA=Not Assigned=number of individuals not assigned to any cluster.
%A=percent assigned to a genetic cluster.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org6March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 7
Population structure and the panmictic unit
As suggested by RST.FST, T. infestans has a low capacity for
active dispersal [29] but can passively disperse over long distances
when associated with human migration. It seems that this has been
the structuring pattern of T. infestans in Chuquisaca. In our study,
the results of the assignment of individuals to genetic clusters
(Table 3) shows the assignment of insects to genetic populations
located .100 Km apart.
Several studies using isozymes have examined population
structure in T. infestans and report variation among regions in
the spatial scale of population differentiation. Variation in
population structure among regions was established using twelve
isozymes [9,30]. There was significant differentiation of T. infestans
populations between villages located 50 Km apart in Vallegrande,
Santa Cruz yet in the Yungas of La Paz, populations only a few
Km apart showed significant differences. Using 19 isozyme loci,
significant differences in allele frequencies between populations
separated by 20 Km were found in central Bolivia [31], but this
study failed to detect differentiation between sylvatic and domestic
populations of T. infestans. By contrast, incipient differentiation
between sylvatic and domestic populations was revealed using
morphometry of the head capsule [32]. Other studies [33] have
indicated that the panmictic unit may be no larger than a single
household, based on the finding of significant differentiation within
households in Yungas, Bolivia. Differences have also been detected
between geographically close populations based on wing geometric
morphometry [34].
The results of our study show significant population structure
among communities. These results are supported by cluster
analysis, which identified the geographically isolated communities
as separate clusters (Jackota and Serrano, Table 3); however the
closer communities are not as genetically distinct (Sucre, El Chaco
and Zurima, Table 3). If migration depends on habitat quality,
when insects find favorable conditions at the microhabitat level it
can reduce their dispersal tendency and consequently reduce gene
flow. Within the community of Zurima we sampled 7 houses and
statistical analysis estimated 5 clusters within an area of 750 m
diameter. These results suggest the single household is not the
panmictic unit in this area of Chuquisaca and is in accordance
with a study on dispersal capacity in the towns of Trinidad and
Mercedes, Argentina, that clustered the source of re-infestation at
,500 meters [35].
The isolation-by-distance tests based on allozyme markers in
populations from several areas in Bolivia and Peru found a positive
correlation between genetic and geographic distances [9]. We
found no evidence of isolation by distance within this area of
Chuquisaca. Differences between the two studies may result
because our study had low statistical power due to sampling a
relatively small number of communities, few samples per
community and microsatellite data, because of the high number
of alleles, require large sample sizes. However, the non-significant
results may also be because our study covers a small geographic
area of Chuquisaca characterized by a high human migration rate
in the last 40 years [36].
Control implications
Previous studies [37] identified unique local characteristics in
landscape and vegetation, distances between houses, the abun-
dance of bugs and hosts, and presence of many peri-domiciliary
structures in conjunction with the existence of sylvatic populations
as contributing to spatial patterns of re-infestation. Identification of
the source of re-colonizers can direct control programs in the
surveillance phase. We have found significant differentiation at the
household level in populations from Chuquisaca, Bolivia. Cluster
Table 7. Average relatedness and confidence intervals among T. infestans collected from households from 3 communities in
Chuquisaca, Bolivia.
Household HabitatN A?AFAMN1 N2N3N4 N5R C.I.
20.19 0.14
Households are ordered from highest to lowest relatedness.
*S=Serrano, Z=Zurima, I=Ingre, D=domestic, P=peri-domestic, N=total number of individuals from each household, A?=adult, AM=adult male, AF=adult female,
N1-N5=first to fifth instars R=relatedness (,0=outbred, 0=random, 0.125 first cousins, 0.25 half sibs, 0.5=full sibs, parent-offspring, C.I.=95% confidence interval for
relatedness estimate.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org7 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202
Page 8
analysis, relatedness estimates and life stage data can be combined
to understand pre-spraying population dynamics and infer
patterns of re-colonization.
Within Zurima, individuals collected in the most geographically
isolated household (Z-6) were assigned to one cluster. The
relatedness of insects in Z-6 was significantly greater than 0 (Z-
6, r.0.17, c.i.=0.15, Table 7). Eight of the nine adults and the
two nymphs in Z-6 were assigned to a single cluster, but this house
also had insects from two other clusters.
The reinfestation patterns for individual houses are quite
variable including repeated colonization from several sources (Z-
2, seven peri-domestic adults, r<0.10, c.i. 0.13, Table 7), a single
multiply mated female (S-3, 1 adult 5 nymphs, r<0.26, c.i.=0.21,
Table 7), multiple colonization from a single source (Z-5, 3 males
and 3 females, r<0.23, c.i.=0.21, Table 7), recrudescence of full
sibs (Z-10, 3 nymphs, r<0.48, c.i.=0.45, Table 7) and
recrudescence of unrelated eggs (Z-3, 14 insects mostly nymphs,
r<0.05, c.i.=0.07, Table 7). Of course there are multiple
possibilities for each household and these inferences are to show
the range of possibilities, not to infer a given scenario for a specific
The presence of adults in many households less than 6 months
after spraying suggests that for many cases, structures around
human habitations may be playing a key role as the source of
insects invading houses. The presence of nymphs in houses where
no adults were found suggests recrudescence. Hence, recrudes-
cence from a residual population and colonists from peri-domicile
structures, rather than reinvasion from surrounding localities,
seems to be a probable explanation of the source of re-colonists
found during surveillance activities in this area.
The variety of results suggest that continuous surveillance
consisting of analyzing relatedness among reinfesting insects at the
household level is critical to maintain insect free houses and
optimize insecticide spraying in this region.
Supporting Information
Alternative Language Abstract S1
into Spanish by Juan Carlos Pizarro.
Found at: doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000202.s001 (0.05 MB PDF)
Translation of the abstract
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JP LS. Performed the
experiments: JP LG. Analyzed the data: JP LG LS. Contributed
reagents/materials/analysis tools: LS. Wrote the paper: JP LS.
1. Aufderheide AC, Salo W, Madden M, Streitz J, Buikstra J, et al. (2004) A 9,000-
year record of Chagas' disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 2034–2039.
2. World Health Organization (2002) The World Health Report 2002: Reducing
Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva: WHO.
3. World Health Organization (1991) Control of Chagas' disease. Technical
Report Series No. 811. Geneva: WHO.
4. Schofield CJ, Dias JCP (1999) The Southern Cone Initiative against Chagas
disease. Adv Parasitol 42: 1–27.
5. Schmunis GA, Zicker F, Moncayo A (1996) Interruption of Chagas' disease
transmission through vector elimination. Lancet 348: 1171.
6. Moncayo A (2003) Chagas Disease: Current Epidemiological Trends after the
Interruption of Vectorial and Transfusional Transmission in the Southern Cone
Countries. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 577–591.
7. Torrico RA (1946) Hallazgo de Eratyrus mucronatus, infestacio ´n natural de
''vinchucas'' de cerro y Eutriatoma sordida en Cochabamba. Ann Lab Central de
Cochabamba 1: 19–23.
8. Abad-Franch F, Monteiro F (2005) Molecular research and the control of
Chagas disease vectors. An Acad Bras Cienc 77: 437–54.
9. Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ, Tibayrenc M (1998) Population structure of Andean
Triatoma infestans: Allozyme frequencies and their epidemiological relevance. Med
Vet Entomol 12: 20–29.
10. Giordano R, Pizarro Cortez JC, Paulk S, Stevens L (2005) Genetic diversity of
Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Chuquisaca, Bolivia based on the
mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 100: 753–760.
11. Lent H, Wygodzinsky P (1979) Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera:
Reduviidae) and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease. Bull Am Mus
Nat History 163: 127–520.
12. Dorn PL, Engelke D, Rodas A, Rosales R, Melgar S, et al. (1999) Utility of the
Polymerase Chain Reaction in detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in Guatemalan
Chagas vectors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 740–745.
13. Garcı ´a BA, Zheng L, Pe ´rez de Rosas AR, Segura EL (2004) Isolation and
characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Chagas' disease vector
Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Mol Ecol Notes 4: 568–572.
14. Excoffier L, Smouse P, Quattro J (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred
from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human
mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479–491.
15. Weir BS, Cockerham CC (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of
population structure. Evolution 38: 1358–1370.
16. Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: A software for
population genetics analysis. Switzerland: Genetics and Biometry Laboratory,
University of Geneva.
17. Slatkin M (1995) A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite
allele frequencies. Genetics 139: 457–462.
18. Mantel N (1967) Detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression
approach. Cancer Research 27: 209–220.
19. Raymond M, Rousset F (2003) Genepop 3.4. an updated version of Genepop
V.1.2 (1995): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism.
J Heredity 86: 248–249.
20. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure
using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945–959.
21. Queller DC, Goodnight KF (1989) Estimating relatedness using genetic markers.
Evolution 4: 258–275.
22. Pizarro JC, Ribera W, Aguirre A (1996) Infeccio ´n chaga ´sica en la comunidad de
Pirwa Mayu, provincia Zuda ´n ˜ez del departamento de Chuquisaca, 1994.
Archivos Bolivianos de Medicina Vol III 51: 2–6.
23. Pizarro JC, Lucero D, Stevens L (2007) A method for the identification of guinea
pig blood meal in the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans. Kinetoplastid Biol
Dis 6: 1.
24. Dujardin JP, Cardozo L, Schofield C (1996) Genetic analysis of Triatoma infestans
following insecticidal control interventions in central Bolivia. Acta Trop 61:
25. Rousset F, Raymond M (1995) Testing heterozygote excess and deficiency.
Genetics 140: 1413–1419.
26. Panzera F, Dujardin JP, Nicolini P, Caraccio MN, Rose V, et al. (2004)
Genomic changes of Chagas disease vector, South America. Emerg Infect Dis
10: 438–446.
27. Bossart JL, Prowell DP (1998) Genetic estimates of population structure and
gene flow: limitations, lessons and new directions. Trends Ecol Evol 13:
28. Hardy OJ, Charbonnel N, Fre ´ville H, Heuertz M (2003) Microsatellite allele
size: a simple test to assess their significance on genetic differentiation. Genetics
163: 1467–1482.
29. Schofield CJ (1992) Eradication of Triatoma infestans: a new regional program for
Southern Latin America. Ann Soc Belge Med Trop 72(Suppl. 1): 69–70.
30. Dujardin JP, La Fuente C, Cardozo L, Tibayrenc M (1988) Dispersing
behaviour of Triatoma infestans: evidence from a genetical study of field
populations in Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 83 Suppl 1: 435–40.
31. Dujardin JP, Tibayrenc M, Venegas E, Maldonado L, Desjeux P, et al. (1987)
Isozyme evidence of lack of speciation between wild and domestic Triatoma
infestans (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Bolivia. J Med Entomol 24: 40–45.
32. Dujardin JP, Bermu ´dez H, Casini C, Schofield CJ, Tibayrenc M (1997) Metric
differences between sylvatic and domestic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera:
Reduviidae) in Bolivia. J Med Entomol 34: 544–551.
33. Brenie `re SF, Bosseno MF, Vargas F, Yaksic N, Noireau F, et al. (1998) Smallness
of the panmictic unit of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med
Entomol 35: 911–917.
34. Schachter-Broide J, Dujardin JP, Kitron U, Gu ¨rtler RE (2004) Spatial
structuring of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera Reduviidae) populations from
Northwestern Argentina using wing morphometry. J Med Entomol 42: 643–649.
35. Cecere ´ MC, Vasquez-Prokopec GM, Gu ¨rtler RE, Kitron U (2006) Reinfestation
sources for Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans, Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis
12: 1096–1102.
36. Instituto Nacional de Estadı ´stica (1993) Censo Nacional de Poblacio ´n y Vivienda
1992: Resultados Finales. La Paz, Bolivia: INE.
37. Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Ceballos LA, Kitron U, Gu ¨rtler RE (2004) Active
Dispersal of Natural Populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in
Rural Northwestern Argentina. J Med Entomol 41: 614–621.
Microsatellites in T. infestans in Bolivia
www.plosntds.org8 March 2008 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | e202


text:
Dear all,
Greetings, from the closing day of CITES COP 16 in Bangkok, where this year we've seen proposals for listing polar bears in Appendix I, several shark and commercial timber species in Appendix II, action on trade in African elephant and rhino products, and discussion and decisions on many other issues such as CITES and livelihoods, the International Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and the International Consortium for Combatting Wildlife Crime (ICCWC). This Conference of the Parties was shaped by the urgency of addressing the dramatic escalation of poaching of elephant and rhino in particular over the last few years, and the current global political focus on wildlife crime, although issues around sustainable use, local livelihoods, and incentives for conservation are never very far under the surface. For SULi members keen to review the action at the COP please join the CITES sub-group on DGroups, which has seen a lively exchange of news and views.
SULi has been active for a little over a year now. Over this year we've laid the basis for sound governance, membership and communications for SULi as well as engaging actively in the IUCN WCC and the CBD COP and pursuing a number of policy and research activities. We now have a new membership, a new platform for day-to-day communications in DGroups, and a suite of ideas and concrete proposals for longer term directions emerging. However, a major priority now is to build on the experience and understanding gained in our first year to clarify SULi's strategy, its "Unique Selling Point" – how it can best draw on its members to contribute effectively in the complex and crowded conceptual and institutional landscape of sustainable use and livelihoods. A second is establishing a funding strategy – while we are currently supported with core funding by the generosity of the Abu Dhabi Environment Agency, we need to ensure the sustainability of SULi itself. I'd always be keen to hear your views on either of these points.
However, the need to crystallise thinking on our specific niche and strategy doesn't mean at the same time a number of initiatives are at various stages of development. On small scale fisheries, discussions are underway bringing together leading fisheries expertise with those working directly to support communities in fisheries management and livelihood efforts. There is an intense flurry of activity globally at the moment addressing fisheries, and yet there are concerns both that the interests and voices of small scale fishers are being left out, and that prevailing mainstream ideas about the best way to manage small scale fisheries for sustainability and food security are poorly empirically supported and may be quite wrong. Initial discussions are ongoing on an initiative bringing together positive experiences in small scale fisheries around the world, integrating natural and social science, and particularly highlighting examples of successful integration of scientific and traditional/local knowledge in management. This is being led by Despina Symons, Vivienne Solis and Jeppe Kolding. A first event – a panel discussion - is planned for the MARE Fishers and the Sea meeting in Amsterdam in May. Wild meat is another priority, and in southern Africa, SULi has been involved in work to take forward understanding and action on wild meat and food security in southern Africa – see more on the background to this in this issue. A further major issue is indigenous and traditional knowledge, and how it may be better integrated into wildlife assessment and management. One potential direction for this is looking at how it may be better integrated into Red Listings, working with Inuit Tapiirit Kanatami in Canada, the Medicinal Plants Specialist Group and others.
With respect to CITES and wildlife trade, here at the CITES CoP a group of 14 SULi members met several days ago for a very constructive discussion of the best role for SULi to play in CITES. Overall we saw our major contribution as providing a platform for critical thinking on some of the strategic cross-cutting questions and issues for CITES. Two particular issues raised were the incorporation of indigenous knowledge into CITES non-detriment findings, and drawing on economic expertise (particularly the insights of industrial organization) to examine how the structures of trade chains affect conservation impact. Michael t'Sas Rolfes (SULi) and Alejandro Nadal (of CEESP Theme on Environmental Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment) will be involved in taking this work forward to develop an initial analytic framework – we will report back on this in the next newsletter.
Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to our Co-Edito, David, who will be stepping down from his role as SULiNews editor due to other work commitments. David has been extremely generous with his time and his formidable IT and communications expertise, and has done an extraordinary job in establishing the SULi website and newsletter. Thank you David! I'd also like to warmly welcome Sarah Doornbos, who is taking over David's role. Sarah joins as technical lead and co-editor with Robin Sharp, whose tireless efforts under trying circumstances and outstanding editorial expertise make this issue possible.


text:
Studio equipment
Our full range of studio equipment from all the leading equipment and software brands. Guaranteed fast delivery and low prices.
DJ equipment
Our full range of DJ equipment from all the leading equipment and software brands. Guaranteed fast delivery and low prices. Visit Juno DJ
Vinyl & CDs
The world's largest dance music store featuring the most comprehensive selection of new and back catalogue dance music Vinyl and CDs online.
Online magazine
Features the latest dance music news, interviews, music and tech reviews, podcasts & more...
Liquid Tones turn up the soul in their latest release from newcomers T Base and Identified. Harking back to the melodic glory days of Nu:Tone and High Contrast's Hospital Records, there are hints of all the good stuff here - jungle breaks, lush piano, soulful vocals, sweet harmonies and blazing percussion. Production is red hot too, all making for a sharp-suited pair of crispy fresh tunes perfect for mixing into that Autumn playlist.
Dj Friendly full length tracks; DRM Free; Plays on any mp3 player
Secure Shopping - PayPal, Visa, Maestro, MasterCard, Switch, Solo


text:
ESPN, Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks have reached an agreement for carriage of the SEC Network when the channel launches on August 14, 2014. The network will be available to fans and followers of the Southeastern Conference in all Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks markets ahead of the first SEC 2014-15 college football season game, Texas A&M vs. South Carolina, on August 28 at 6 p.m. ET. With the addition of Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks, the SEC Network will be available to approximately 60 million households nationwide.
Click here for the original story.
Welcome to SECTalk.com
|Welcome to SECTalk.com -- The Home of 6 Straight National Titles!
You are currently accessing our site as a guest which means you can't access all of our features such as social groups, sports betting, and many more. By joining our free community you will have access to all of these great features as well as to participating in our forums, contacting other members, and much more. Registration only takes a minute and SECTalk.com is absolutely free, so please join today!
If you have any problems registering or signing in, please contact us.
Latest Topics
Latest News
Top Bettors
Top High Fived
Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks to Carry SEC Network
Started by gatoraus, Jul 24 2014 02:55 PM
Similar Topics
|Started By
|Last Post Info
100 Days Til Its Football Time In Tennessee
Started by SECTalk.com, Yesterday, 09:53 PM In: The East → Tennessee Sports → Tennessee News
- 0 replies
- 35 views
Moving On: White Wastes No Time Putting Gators to Work
Started by gatoraus, 15 May 2015 In: The East → Florida Sports → Florida News
- 0 replies
- 134 views
Interview with WIll Muschamp on his time with UF
Started by AUskip07, 17 Apr 2015 In: SEC Sports → SEC Trash Talk
- 0 replies
- 187 views
Barnes Announces Full-Time Coaching Staff
Started by SECTalk.com, 07 Apr 2015 In: The East → Tennessee Sports → Tennessee News
- 0 replies
- 72 views
Wednesday's game time vs. Wofford moved up
Started by SECTalk.com, 30 Mar 2015 In: The East → Vanderbilt Sports → Vanderbilt News
- 0 replies
- 153 views
0 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


text:
development of adhesion between inflamed opposing surfaces.
Origin: Mod. L., fr. G. Synkretizo, to unite the Cretan cities, reanalyzed as fr. Syn-_ L. Cresco, pp. Cretum, to grow
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page
This page was last modified on 3 October 2005, at 21:16. This page has been accessed 860 times.
© Biology-Online.org. All Rights Reserved.
Register | Login
| About Us | Contact Us | Link to Us | Disclaimer & Privacy | Powered by CASPION


text:
Hostal Levante is a basic hostel in a good location. We had a double room with a shared bathroom and we thought it was pretty good value for money. The room was very small however and lacked ventilation. The small fan helped slightly. The staff were helpful and the place seemed pretty safe.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Hostal Levante reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hostal Levante Hotel Barcelona
- Hostal Levante Barcelona, Catalonia


text:
Golden Gate
Executive Produced by Tim Valenti, directed and edited by Chris Ward, with videography by Steve Cruz and Tony DiMarco, photography by Kent Taylor and a screenplay by Jack Shamama & Michael Stabile, Golden Gate is an exploration of the sex lives of gay men living in San Francisco. Each episode of Golden Gate is a well-crafted vignette that brings together two disparate elements of our city that we love so much. In Episode 1, you'll meet Ron, a successful but sexually frustrated MBA, played by Cameron Marshall, and Jeremy, an artist who's struggling to make ends meet, played by Cameron's real-life boyfriend Topher DiMaggio.The blockbuster a-list cast of NakedSword's Golden Gate features NakedSword Exclusive Chris Porter and Raging Stallion Exclusives D.O. and Kennedy Carter. It also stars Jeremy Bilding, Topher DiMaggio, Trent Locke, Cameron Marshall, Dayton O'Connor, Brad Star, Rusty Stevens, Christian Wilde, and Donny Wright.
Added: 16 Feb 11
Tags: fucking.
Views: 31167


text:
Dayle V. Harris Merrill Gough Augustine, 94, of Pocatello, passed away Monday, July 15, 2013 at the Monte Vista Hills Healthcare Center in Pocatello.
She was born April 12, 1919 in Hazelton to Jabez Marion Harris and Etta Lucinda Van Luevan Harris.
Calvin "Ray" Hawker, 84, of Blackfoot passed away Friday, July 19, 2013 at his home following a courageous battle of a lingering illness.
Ray was born March 12, 1929 in Menan to Charles and Rosalie Hawker. He attended schools in the Rupert and Burley areas and then in California. He valued hard work and the reward that comes with it.
In September of 1948 Ray married Nadine Fairchild in Elko, Nev. and they had three children together. Nadine passed away in November 1994 .
Shirley Ann Mecham, 74, of Blackfoot slipped away peacefully on a bright sunny Saturday morning, July 13, 2013 with her little companion, Sheba, by her side.
Shirley was born July 7, 1939 in Blackfoot, the daughter of Kenneth C. Mecham and Aneta Jensen Mecham Lawrence. She was raised in the Blackfoot and Firth areas.
Shirley was a hard worker and never went without a job; she retired from Basic American Foods after 20 years. She decided retirement just wasn't for her, so she became a Foster Grandparent and loved it! All the kids called her grandma, and that is what she was to them.
Mellissa Yellowhair, 26, a lifetime Fort Hall resident, passed away Wednesday, July 17, 2013 at home surrounded by family following an illness.
Mellissa was born June 2, 1987 in Blackfoot to Rick Yellowhair and Donna Devine. As a child she attended Blackfoot Elementary and Junior High. Mellissa graduated as valedictorian from the Sho-Ban High School in 2005.
She was a member of The Native American Church.
Mellissa worked as a supervisor at the casino and then was the banker at the Fort Hall Casino.
Larry Tissidimit, 65, a lifetime Fort Hall resident, passed away Tuesday, July 16, 2013 at the Bingham Memorial Hospital.
 Larry was born Aug. 25, 1947 in Pocatello to Charles S. and Rose Snipe Coby Tissidimit. As a child he loved riding horses and swimming in the canals. He attended school in Blackfoot and graduated from Fort Sill Indian School in Lawton, Okla. He attended post-grad in Chillacco, Okla. where he earned a degree in engineering.
He was a member of The Native American Church.
 In 1970 he married Marianne Watson in Fort Hall.Â
Kerri Lynn Spraktes, 45, of Arco, Idaho passed away peacefully in her sleep of diabetes complications on July 13, 2013.Â
She was born December 7, 1967 in Blackfoot, Idaho the daughter of Robert Burroughs and Nancy Lott.
She was a graduate of Mackay High School class of 1986, and spent her working years in the nursing field. Her bright spirit and loving heart will be missed by many.
Kerri was preceded in death by her older brother, Jeff Burroughs, whom she adored.Â
Nicolas Matthew Funk, 27, of Blackfoot passed away Thursday, July, 11 2013 at Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center in Idaho Falls.
Nicolas was born on June 14, 1986 in Pocatello, the son of Randy Line and Patricia Detwiler; He was their only child together.
Christine Ann Nelson Sirstins, 43, of Salt Lake City, Utah, passed away July 12, 2013 after a brave battle with cancer. Christine was born on March 11, 1970, in Provo, Utah, to Wayne and Sue Nelson. She was the oldest of four children. She grew up in Blackfoot, Idaho, graduating from Blackfoot High School. She continued her education and graduated from BYU. She served a mission for the LDS Church to the Netherlands.
Barbara Joyce Hatten, beloved wife, mother, and grandmother, was born to Gertrude and Jack Hill in December 1936 in Santa Cruz, California, and passed away on Monday, July 1, 2013. She raised her children in California but in later life relocated with her husband, Christian Hatten, up to his native Idaho. Barbara loved animals and instilled that love in her children. She always had a dog and cat in her home and her lap was a favorite resting place for her pets. Her living room was always graced with a piano and Barbara often filled the house with her wonderful playing. She had a beautiful
Pedro Ramirez Jr., 60, of Blackfoot, Idaho passed away Wednesday, July 10, 2013 at his home.Â
Pedro was born April 14, 1953 in Ft. Morgan, Colorado to Pedro Ramirez and Lucia Garza. He has lived most of his life and attended school in Blackfoot, Idaho.
On February 2, 1974 Pedro married Elva Hernandez in Coachella, California. They have four children, Lucia "Lucy", Juan, Roy and Stephanie.


text:
Energy and Global Warming News for September 1: Big Money Returns to Wind Power
"Energy and Global Warming News for September 1: Big Money Returns to Wind Power"
Chalk up another one for the Obama-Democratic stimulus (see "EIA projects wind at 5% of U.S. electricity in 2012, all renewables at 14%, thanks to Obama stimulus!").
WSJ: Wind Farms Set Wall Street Aflutter
After nearly a six-month lull, Wall Street is getting back into the business of financing new wind farms.
Morgan Stanley and Citigroup Inc. have invested $100 million each to finance separate wind farms this month, taking advantage of a brand-new federal program that is paying substantial cash grants to help cover the cost of renewable energy investments.
Bankers say this is the beginning of an active pipeline of new wind-farm financing, as well as investment in large solar installations and geothermal facilities. Project developers and Wall Street appear to be viewing the federal cash grant program as such a good deal, industry experts say, it may grow much larger than its Washington creators expected….
Under the program, the government will give a cash rebate for 30% of the cost of building a renewable-energy facility, awarded 60 days after an application is approved. Investors are also given valuable accelerated depreciation deductions, which help offset taxes.
The Energy and Treasury departments have said they expect to spend $3 billion on the program, which started July 31 and runs through the end of 2010, and was part of the stimulus bill. But a government spokesman says requests for $800 million in grants were submitted during the first four weeks.
Some Wall Street bankers say they expect applications to grow to $10 billion, based on projected wind-power installations….
The strong interest echoes the $3 billion cash-for-clunkers program that provided incentives to trade in older, lower-gas mileage cars, and which was quickly overwhelmed by demand….
But unlike the popular cash-for-clunkers programs, there is no spending cap on the renewable energy grants, and the government has committed to spending as much as is needed to keep renewable-energy investments flowing….
Most of the investments are expected to go to wind projects, because the industry is more mature and in a better position to capture limited funds. "I would not be surprised if the program is ridiculously successful and spurs a huge amount of development," says Liz Salerno, director of industry analysis for the American Wind Energy Association….
It's not just Wall Street banks that are attracted. Iberdrola SA, a Spanish company that is the world leader in renewable energy by capacity installed, said in July that it expects to tap $500 million in cash grants for U.S. wind projects. "We've been in contact with the Treasury Department and we think the $3 billion is a minimum-type number," said Ralph Curry, chief executive of Iberdrola's U.S. business unit….
"If we have a quick recovery and we're going like gangbusters again, you could easily get to $10 billion in two years," says Kevin Book, managing director of ClearView Energy Partners LLC, a Washington consultant.
Venture Firm's 'Green' Funds Top $1 Billion
Vinod Khosla, the prominent venture capitalist who has been investing hundreds of millions of his own dollars in green technology companies for the last several years, will now invest other people's money, too, The New York Times's Claire Cain Miller reported.
Khosla Ventures, the firm he founded in 2004 after leaving Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, is announcing Tuesday that it has raised $1.1 billion in two funds that will invest in green technology and information technology start-ups.
Green Forest Works for Appalachia: A Win-Win-Win for Jobs, Forests, and Birds
In a June 2009 entry to the Huffington Post, Jeff Biggers listed ten reasons why President Obama, CEQ chief Nancy Sutley, and EPA head Lisa Jackson must visit Appalachia and launch a war for green jobs.If this Administration truly wants to win the hearts and minds of the region's residents, environmentalists, and green economists in Appalachia, they would do well to take a close look at a proposal called Green Forest Works for Appalachia.
The Appalachian region is a land of contrasts, abounding with natural resources, yet troubled by poverty and slow economic growth. Appalachian forests support some of the highest biological diversity in the world's temperate region, including a rich variety of migratory songbirds, but extraction of the area's abundant coal reserves has dramatically altered the landscape. With the Green Forest Works for Appalachia program, the Obama Administration now has an opportunity to address economic, environmental, and ecological challenges simultaneously.
Building a Green Economy: Green Jobs, Transmission Lines & Microgrids
Imperial County, tucked away in the southeastern corner of California, has long suffered from perennial unemployment rates exceeding 20 percent. Yet Imperial County is also home to the "crown jewel" of all geothermal steam resources in the U.S., making it a prime spot to showcase how renewable energy can help spur the new green economy so enthusiastically touted by the Obama Administration.
Late December, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) approved the construction of the $1.9 billion Sunrise PowerLink transmission line, which could send clean electricity from Imperial County to San Diego. However, the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) petitioned the California Supreme Court last January to review this decision, citing San Diego Gas & Electric's (SDG&E) refusal to guarantee that the transmission project would be reserved exclusively for renewable energy resources.
SCENARIOS: Fate of climate change bill in Congress
The fate of U.S. climate control legislation is in the hands of the Senate where it faces an uphill climb, as a year-end international meeting in Copenhagen on coordinated action to slow global warming looms.
A Senate bill has not even been introduced yet and Democratic backers say it could be late September before one emerges. Nonetheless, Democratic leaders still hope for a vote this year in the Senate.
The House of Representatives narrowly passed its version of a bill to mandate reductions in industrial emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases blamed for global warming.
Here are some scenarios on how the battle in Congress over this part of President Barack Obama's policy agenda could play out in coming months:
Grid Lock: New Transmission Lines Key for Clean Energy-And Coal
Environmentalists are already hoping that the Senate tackles both energy and climate change this fall, rather than simply dealing with the clean energy bits (which are popular) and punting on the climate-change stuff (which isn't so popular).
Here's another reason greens will want to make sure they go together. Beefing up the nation's electricity-transmission system to make renewable energy a reality could backfire and make coal an even more widespread source of electricity""unless carbon emissions are reined in at the same time. That's one of the findings from a new report from Duke University's Climate Change Policy Partnership, "Electrical Transmission: Barriers and Policy Solutions."
Fuel Fight: The Battle over Low-Carbon Fuel Standards
How fierce is the energy debate getting? Some groups are launching ad campaigns against new energy rules that aren't even part of the climate package sitting on the Hill.
The Consumer Energy Alliance-made up of more than 100 groups including Exxon, BP, ConocoPhillips, Peabody, the National Association of Manufacturers, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce-today kicks off an ad campaign in a handful of states "to educate American consumers on economic and national security impacts associated with a national Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)."
Gov. unveils new green job training program
Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger came to Los Angeles on Monday to announce a new $75-million "clean energy workforce training program," which he said would help train more than 20,000 workers for green-sector jobs.
US Agriculture Interests Split Over Energy Bill
Legislation to confront climate change could be an economic godsend to farmers and ranchers. Or it could be an enormous financial burden. It depends on whom you ask, and not even farmers and ranchers agree on the matter.
It depends on whom you ask, and not even farmers and ranchers agree on the matter.
Those who are against the bill say it would lead to skyrocketing fuel and fertilizer costs, cutting into farmers' and ranchers' already unpredictable profits. Those who support it contend any losses would be more than made up for through a provision that would allow companies to meet their pollution targets by investing in offset projects, such as farms that capture methane or plant trees.


text:
Hey Guys, I have been working on a HTML5/CSS3 site that will be featured here soon in which I am also hoping to release a Wordpress version. I am looking for someone that is experienced in this field and need a guarantee that this WP site will not be rejected here.
It is hard for anyone to guarantee it will be approved at least first time.
I would focus on getting your HTML accepted first (or at least share a link here) and once people can see it then you will get a better response. Good luck
Helpful Information
- Please read our community guidelines. Self promotion and discussion of piracy is not allowed.
- Open a support ticket if you would like specific help with your account, deposits or purchases.
- Item Support by authors is optional and may vary. Please see the Support tab on each item page.
Most of all, enjoy your time here. Thank you for being a valued Envato community member.


text:
A Lust for Blood
Chapter 6
I wake up next to Willow at lunchtime... I've had enough sleep. I look towards her, my eyes still adjusting... she has thrown the covers off of herself during the night. Her body is right next to me; I run my hand down her back impulsively. It feels strong but there is a distinct fragility about her. She is long and perfectly slender. I try to wipe my feelings away like an etch-a-sketch but nothing works. The chemistry between me and Willow is undeniable... I wonder if she feels the same. Never mind, I've got bigger things to worry about. I feel emptiness deep in my stomach; the thirst is back and worse than ever. I'm starving; I need to feed... now.
I get up off the bed and recklessly shove my clothes back on, tripping over my trousers in the process and I start to pace the lair, thinking. I have my day planned; I know just what to do... I have to go and kill my family, maybe then I can relax and move on with my life but while they still live I can never settle. It nags me constantly, something at the back of my head is telling me to wipe them out, it's telling me the world and I would be better off if they just disappeared. Naturally I agree with myself... I'm not going to argue with myself, I'm not crazy.
I think to myself after I have finished with my family I need to go back to my apartment one last time and pick up my gun. I had been planning on using it to blow my brains out not a few days ago but I think I can find a better use for it now... just in case my fangs decide not to kick in or something. I wonder if the chemist has a special Viagra just for vampires.
I pace the lair for ages, figuring things out... mostly thinking about how I should kill my family when Willow finally wakes up. I finally decide it would be easiest to consume them in the basement... The neighbours in the suburban street where I used to live are a bunch of nosey bastards.
"Good morning!" I shout in an attempt to make some small talk.
"Piss off! I haven't woken up yet" she yells at me, apparently she isn't an afternoon person.
I decide I should tell Willow what I'm going to do today... I figure it's better to get it off my chest.
"I'm going to murder my family today, want to come with? I ask, with a fake smile... even Willow looks startled at what I'd just told her.
"What's in it for...?" She trails off into a yawn before continuing, "Me?"
"I'll let you eat one of my kids... come on, I promise you'll have fun and besides, my kids are quite chubby so it'll be a good meal!" I persuade her as she starts to lick her lips. The thought of eating a fat kid obviously excites her as much as it excites me although perhaps not as much... They're my kids after all, not hers.
"Fine... just let me get dressed, 5 minutes."
"I'll be waiting outside!"
I head outside into the hollow, it's freezing outside but at least it isn't raining. Thick clouds are gathering up all over the grey sky so the lack of rain won't last for long. A few birds are flying around above me. A member of the flock swoops down and lands next to my feet and suddenly a light bulb is flashing above my head.
As quick as inhumanly possible I snatch the bird up and display it in front of myself... It's a crow. It stares at me with huge yellow eyes... I decide it doesn't have quite the same sympathy effect as a puppy would so I follow through with my plan.
I position my thumb and my middle finger at either side of its head and start to squeeze gently... Liquids start to pour out and suddenly the crow is headless, I make sure to grab the eyes, putting them into my pocket. I begin to tear off its two legs and then chuck the body away. I then grab the eyes from my pocket and pierce them with the top of the legs, using them as cocktail sticks and then Willow finally comes out.
"Look, I made breakfast!" I tell her, displaying one of my little cocktail eyes in front of her face... the expression that takes over her face is priceless. Willow looks delighted but equally as much disgusted... I decide she is more pleased than upset. I was right.
She thanks me, snatching one of the cocktail eyes from my hand and pushing it down her throat, when she pulls it back out the eye is gone. "Mmmmm," Willow makes a satisfied yummy noise just as I finish mine off. I make a similar sound and we both start laughing.
A more serious tone takes over me... "That's our starter sorted, now, on to the main course." And with that comment she nods agreeing and we start to head down the mountain but we don't run like yesterday, instead I decide to try something. We come to the edge of the mountain and in a flash; I grab Willow and jump off.
Willow screams loudly, deafening me as we freefall through the cold winter's air. The wind smacks our face as we fall at an incredible speed. Willow continues to scream and protest but I just hold her tightly telling her to be quiet. The ground below us both is a distant blur. Splat, we hit the foot of the mountain and explode into a million pieces. A few seconds later and I am standing in front of Willow again.
"Don't ever do that again, you bastard!" Anger flares up in Willow as she tells me off.
"Oh calm down... You can't say you've never thought of doing that! Well, I've had my fun so let's get going." And I run off towards the suburbs, where my wife and family live.
It takes us long enough; we travel through the whole town, passing humans. They don't see use but I'm sure they can feel us whizz by them. Some of the startled faces from old women as their shopping bags get stolen are priceless... Willow and I cannot help but laugh hysterically.
Willow just follows, I feel more confident than yesterday, and I'm in charge now... I feel strong but the thirst is still there. I imagine that when I feed again I'll be stronger than I ever have been.
We reach a perfectly symmetrical suburban street, like something out of a Tim Burton Movie. All of the houses look the same and everyone's lawn is completely perfect. That will soon change, after I deal with my family, their lawn will be stained red.
We walk casually down the street for a while until we reach my old house. I loved this house... shame it's going to be ruined within the hour. Willow and I walk straight up to the front door as If nothing is happening; we are just two friendly neighbours calling for a little chat. I ring the doorbell and my wife opens the door.
I'm on her within a second; she is on the living room floor bleeding from the massive blow I just delivered to her head. The fear in her eyes is perfect... she knows who is boss now. She tries to fight back but to no avail; it spurs me on and just makes her struggle more.
"Go get the fucking kids, they're probably up stairs." I demand Willow and it only makes me feel more powerful, more invulnerable... immortal even.
My wife screams in confusion, betrayal and agony as I continue to punch her rapidly in her frail face. I punch to a rhythm in my head. One, two... one, two... I deliver my punches so well, almost monotonously. I kick the living shit out of the struggling bitch just enough until she passes out, I make sure not to kill her, making sure just too seriously harm her instead. As I deliver the final blow to her destroyed face, Willow runs down stairs with two screaming kids over each one of her shoulders which is surprising because they are seriously overweight.
"Shut the little bastards up!" I shout... I'm in the moment... focused and loving every second of this torture I've come to deliver. Willow throws the kids to the wooden flower and kicks both of them hard enough in the stomach just to shut them up. I make my way to the kitchen and get some duct tape from a drawer, remembering where I used to keep it. Returning to the living room I duct tape our victims' mouths and instruct Willow to bring the kids to the basement, I follow behind with the wife.
We creep down the rickety old stairs to the basement; the noise of blood dripping on each step enters my ears, turning me on ever so slightly... I lick my lips. "So... are you hungry?" I ask Willow excitedly. I know I am, ever since I entered the house I've turned ravenous. Mad even. The blood dripping from them is filling me up; the smell similar to cinnamon... perfection is in the air.
Willow assures me she is very hungry and we dig in, ruthlessly, not letting up. We bite into everywhere we can... the tears of my kids act as a sweet sugar on one of their chubby little mutilated fingers. I think to myself the tears of children are better than ketchup any day. I take a trip to the kitchen and borrow some cocktail sticks, I'm sure they wouldn't mind, after all, they are dead.
I jab all of their eyes, pulling them out as putrid, yellow liquids start to pollute the basement floor. Willow and I eat from each other's hands... It's almost romantic. It is romantic.
We feast... enjoying everything. From the tongue straight down to the kidneys... it's all good and it's all gone. The lord giveth and the lord taketh away. They are inside of us, part of us... We have consumed their lives. The sweet satisfaction drawn from eating a family is magnificent. I start to sing.
"I've got you under my skin" I sing and Willow follows me with "I've got you deep in the heart of me." We both finish the song together in perfect unison, paying tribute to the Frank Sinatra classic.
Hours pass and finally me and Willow are left lying on the hard, blood-stained floor staring into each other's eyes... smothered in blood and other obscenities. Something draws us to each other. Something inside both of us clicks as we gaze into each other's eyes. I crawl close to her until we are face to face. My lips touch hers, our tongues meet. Our evening quickly turns from a bloody feast into a night of bloody passion. The feeling of her hot breath against my naked, blood covered body gives me pleasure on whole new levels. Our sweat mixes, we connect with each other and I suddenly feel like I can never leave her. This is what love feels like. We make love for what seems like forever. I am in love with this woman. Willow will be the death of me. I am willing to die for this woman all of a sudden and I don't know why. Is vampire love the same as normal love? I'm sure it's not. I feel magically attached to Willow and I'll never be able to let go. This is exactly what I was trying to prevent... shit.
I dream of Willow as I'm passed out on the basement floor.
I awake a few hours later to the sound of the basement door flying open with a crash. Suddenly figures start to flood the basement and I'm shot. I jump to my feet, filled with rage and attack them, managing to decapitate one of the bastards before falling to the sin ridden floor with overwhelming drowsiness.
Willow will be the death of me... Just like she once promised.


text:
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|2 nights
. Please email: firstname.lastname@example.com
A true chalet! Located across the road from the ski trail with skiing/hiking out the door. Sunshine Deck!!! This woodsy, rustic chalet is located on the Great Eastern Trail next to the 'Ski Bridge'. Put on your skis and shuss down to the SkyeShip Gondola. In Summer and Fall hike on pristine trails directly from chalet. The chalet's convenient location and open floor plan make it great for families and friends. No driving to the slopes! You can ski home to the chalet for lunch and warm-up by the fire. Then watch the ski and snowboard action on the slope right from the large A-frame windows. Equipped with Wi-Fi, TV Lounge, brick fireplace, 1 king, 2 queens, 1 twin, 2 bunks and 2 extra sleeping areas. The chalet has a charming rustic feel with barn siding and exposed beams and an open floor plan. Booking now for Fall and Winter vacations.
Call owner! 203-458-2899
NOTE: Check Killington website for updates on hours/days of SkyeShip operation
Ski lift details: The chalet has ski-to Skyeship Base via the Great Eastern trail through the winter season, Check with the Killington website to find when the Skyeship is open . Normally, the Skyeship is open through the month of March on a daily basis. Check the shuttle bus operation on the Killington website.
Summer: The chalet is close to golfing, river tubing and the local pool and tennis facilities (available at a nominal per diem charge)
Fall: This is a great chalet for 'Leaf-Peepers'. Ride the K1 Gondola to the top of Killington Peak for giant colorful vistas!
The property was as advertised, offers easy access on and off the mountain and the owner (Ginny) was easy to deal with and responsive to all questions and inquiries. Looking forward to staying at the Chalet again next year.
The Chalet is in a fantastic location; a one minute walk from the front door to one of Killington's trails. Skiing on and Skiing Off was a breeze. The house's layout is great, especially for entertaining. The Great Room was a highlight - we enjoyed our breakfast while watching the first skiers come down the trails. The owner was great to work with, answering my questions within 24 hours and a prompt return of the security deposit.
House is everything anybody could ever want in a ski on ski off chalet. Huge open den/main room connected to kitchen so that everybody in your party can be in same place! Gigantic windows overlooking the Great Eastern trail so you can see how the powder looks across the street in the morning. Stocked with all you need! Had fresh snow fall on day of arrival and was promptly plowed! Really can't oversell how great this property is for ski on ski off. Best I've ever stayed at.
The house was perfect for us. We had 5 couples there and it fit us perfectly. Great locattion. We will be back!
This place has it all! Ski in/out right on the Great Eastern Trail which leads to the shyship gondola(not need to go to main lodge for lift tickets, wake up and ride down to the skyship lodge, NO CROWDS!!!).
This was the 3rd time we have rented this place and plan to continue to do so for our yearly Killington trips.
In addition to the location, the owner is a pleasure to to business with. Very accommodating and professional. She has a great maintenance service that comes and handles all snow removal on driveway and deck(we have been fortunate to get snow on most of our trips). Very spacious, upgraded appliances and TV. we bring 12 adults every year and never feel crowded.
This chalet has everything you need!
We had a wonderul time at this ski on ski off house at Killington. The large floor to ceiling windows out front gave the moms a great view of the kids and dads as they went up and down the beginner trail right out front. The beds were comfortable and the bathrooms beautifully renovated. We founder everything we needed in the kitchen to make all our meals and enjoyed our apres ski by the great fireplace. All the kids wanted to re-book for next year before we even left for the weekend. We definitely hope to return!
A year round resort offering skiing and snow boarding on 200 trails spread over seven mountains. Largest ski area in the East. Interesting local dining and night life close by. Near picturesque Woodstock and Quechee, Vermont
Other Activities: Skiing and Snowboarding
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
My Standard Rate
2 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit
|Tax Rate
|Add a 6th night at 50% discount to March midweek rates.
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (USD) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.