text:
Modeling of thermal energy demand in MDF production.
A computer model has been developed to quantify the thermal energy flow in the production process of medium density fiberboard (MDF). The processing elements that consume thermal energy are grouped into three primary unit operations: chip preheating and refining, fiber drying, and mat hot pressing. With inputs of MDF annual production, plant operation hours, product grade, and fiber drying method, the model is able to predict the thermal energy demand and distribution, energy quality, and self-sufficiency level with using the wood residues generated on site. The simulation results have shown that for a typical MDF production line, the thermal energy demand for regular or standard grade of MDF is 989 kWh/[m.sup.3] using flue gas for direct fiber drying or 1168 kWh/[m.sup.3] when a hot air stream is used for fiber drying. The simulation results are in close agreement with the energy survey results of commercial plants with a discrepancy of--17 percent to +6 percent.
In commercial plants, medium density fiberboard (MDF) is manufactured through the following sequence of steps: log chipping, chip preheating and refining, fiber drying, mat forming and prepressing, mat hot pressing, and finishing. The operations in chip preheating and refining, fiber drying, and mat hot pressing consume large quantities of thermal energy and electricity. Electricity is commonly purchased, and thermal energy is supplied on site by combustion of the wood residues generated in the production process. Quantifying the thermal energy demand and distribution is important for managing energy supply and for potential reduction of the overall energy consumption. Even though most thermal energy at MDF plants is supplied from renewable sources, the drive to reduce the woodwaste contributing to these sources and the general drive to improve the utilization of energy makes energy management an important issue in the industry. The objective of the work presented in this paper is to establish an energy demand model to predict the thermal energy consumption and to analyze the thermal energy distribution in a typical New Zealand MDF production line to support efforts to improve energy efficiency.
In New Zealand, there are four MDF plants with a total of seven production lines. The MDF production capacity of each line ranges from 85,000 to 160,000 [m.sup.3]/yr with an average production of 125,000 [m.sup.3]/yr (MDF part II 1997). All seven production lines use one-stage fiber drying and pendistor vacuum mat forming. In the pressing step, two lines use batch (multiopenings) presses and the remaining five use continuous presses. All New Zealand MDF is manufactured from young radiata pine fibers, and these fibers are bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, though melamine-formaldehyde (MF) or urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins are occasionally used for specially required products. MDF is usually graded according to the panel density over a range from 450 to 880 kg/[m.sup.3] (Sturgeon 1992). Standard or regular grade of MDF panels has an average density of 720 to 730 kg/[m.sup.3] (French 2002, NPI 2005, Patinna 2005).
Because the thermal energy is supplied using the self-generated wood residues, its value is not typically quantified and thus no comprehensive model for the thermal energy demand and distribution has been found in literature. Existing models for the MDF processing have primarily considered how the panel properties are affected by pressing conditions in the hot-press (Carvalho et al. 2003, Thoemen and Humphrey 2003) and how the dry fiber production is affected by the drying operation parameters (Pang 2001). The thermal energy demand model presented in this paper is the first effort of its type for MDF production.
Modeling assumptions and considerations
Assumptions and considerations in the model development are as follows:
--The process uses one-stage fiber drying and continuous hot pressing.
--Moisture content (MC) and solid material load are expressed in oven dry base (od) and oven dry kg (odkg), respectively, unless specified.
--Pressure is expressed as absolute pressure.
--Radiata pine log is used as raw material, which is the dominant species for New Zealand plantation forests.
--UF resin is used as the binding agent.
--The base reference case point for the model is 120,000 [m.sup.3]/yr with 22.5 hours/day and 350 day/yr operation to allow for downtime and normal plant maintenance.
--Four MDF grades are defined for input of production data into the model according to density as follows: Thin grade--800 kg/[m.sup.3], Regular grade--725 kg/[m.sup.3], Light grade--600 kg/[m.sup.3] and Ultra-light grade--500 kg/[m.sup.3].
--Specific heat of wet chips or fibers is a combination of the specific heat of the oven dry wood and the moisture, thus it is a function of MC. It can be determined by using the formula of Pang et al. (1995).
--Mass balances are based on 5 percent bark on log, 2 percent and 4 percent chip fines respectively in chip screening and washing, 8 to 17 percent (w/w) solid UF resin being applied to the dry fibers with lower resin loading for the higher density grade, 4 percent panel trim off, 3 percent rejected panel, and 10 percent sander dust.
In the model development, the thermal properties of water, steam and wood are needed to quantify the heat requirement. The specific heat of water ([C.sub.pw]) of 4200 J/kg x K is used, which is an average value in the normal operating temperature range. Similarly, the steam average specific heat ([C.sub.pv]) of 2200 J/kg x K and the average latent heat of water vaporization ([DELTA][H.sub.wv]) of 2.1 MJ/kg are used for the temperature range of 100 to 180[degrees]C (Perry et al. 1998).
Model development
The thermal energy demand model for the MDF manufacturing process is developed based on energy and mass balances for materials of chip, fiber, resin, steam and moisture. Detailed processing steps in the three unit operations are considered:
1) Chip preheating and refining, which includes chip washing, screw feeding, preheating, and refining;
2) Fiber drying, which includes both the blowline and the fiber drying;
3) Mat hot pressing, which includes the mat forming, prepress and hot-press.
Preheating and refining
Chip washing and feeding.--Figure 1 illustrates the process of chip washing and feeding. General nomenclature for the figures and equations is listed in Table 1. It is essential that the chips are washed to remove stones, tramped metals, and sands or dirt before further processing (Allen et al. 1988). In the chip washing, the chips are thoroughly agitated in warm water (40[degrees]C) and pass through an upflow and settling section to remove the impurities. The waste water from the chip washing is cleaned in a hydro-cyclone to remove the solids before it is mixed with effluent from the screw feeder in the following step and recirculated back to the wash. The model assumes that the wood chip input is pure wood without any contamination, and thus the washed-out residue ([W.sub.wl], kg/h) can be regarded as a fuel with the same calorific value as the other wood residues in the process.
Heat consumed in the chip washing ([Q.sub.wash], J/h) is calculated from the known values of the chip load ([L.sub.ch], odkg/h) for washing, the specific heat of chips ([C.sub.pchip], J/odkg x K) at a MC M, the chip temperature before and after the chip washing (T and [T.sub.0], [degrees]C), and the normalized heat loss ratio ([[epsilon].sub.0]) in the washer.
[Q.sub.wash] = [L.sub.ch][C.sub.pchip]([T.sub.0] - T)/1 - [[epsilon].sub.0] [1]
After washing, the chips are heated to a temperature of about 35[degrees]C and transported by a chip pump to a dewatering device such as screw drainer above the chip hopper (Allen et al. 1988). In the washing, the chips are assumed to be fully saturated with the saturation MC ([M.sub.0]) varying with wood density. In the chip hopper, saturated steam of about 0.4 MPa is injected to heat the chips, which are then conveyed in a screw feeder to form a plug, in such a way that a large amount of moisture is squeezed from the chips. Plant observation shows that the chip outlet MC from the screw feeder ([M.sub.1]) is fairly uniform and constant at around 85 percent. The electrical energy ([N.sub.scf], W) required by the screw feeder is partly to convey the chips to the preheater and partly to compress the chips to form a plug. In doing so, frictional heat is generated that also heats up the chips. The chip temperature at the screw feeder outlet is typically regulated at 95[degrees]C. The quantity of steam consumed ([m.sub.1], kg/h) in the hopper is obtained from the energy balance in the chip hopper and the screw feeder to achieve the required temperature at the outlet:
[L.sub.0][C.sub.p0]([T.sub.1] - [T.sub.0])/1 - [[epsilon].sub.0] = [m.sub.1][[C.sub.pv] ([T.sub.steam1] - [T.sub.steam2]) + [DELTA][H.sub.wv]] + 3600[[alpha].sub.1][N.sub.scf] [2]
where [L.sub.0] (odkg/h) (= [L.sub.ch] - [W.sub.wl]) is the chip load to the screw feeder; [C.sub.p0] (J/odkg x K) is the specific heat of chips at the MC [M.sub.0]; [T.sub.0] and [T.sub.1] ([degrees]C) are the chip temperatures at the hopper entrance and the screw feeder outlet, respectively; [[epsilon].sub.1] is the heat loss ratio in the feeding system; [T.sub.steam1] and [T.sub.steam2] ([degrees]C) are the steam temperatures at 0.4 MPa and 0.1 MPa, respectively; and [[alpha].sub.1] is the coefficient of electricity-to-heat conversion in the screw feeder.
The hot water squeezed-out by the screw feeder includes the condensate of the steam injected and the water from the reduction of chip MC. It is estimated that the heat available in the effluent from the screw feeder is higher than the heat demand in the chip washing ([Q.sub.wash]). Therefore, recycling the screw feed effluent to the washing bath is sufficient to meet the heat demand in the chip washing. Consequently, the thermal energy demand in the washing and feeding is only from the injected steam to the hopper ([m.sub.1]) which can be determined from Equation [2].
Pre-heating and refining.--The process of preheating and refining is shown in Figure 2, in which the chips in plugs are fed from the screw feeder to a preheater or digester vessel. In the preheater, the chips are heated to a temperature of 170 to 180[degrees]C by saturated steam of about 1 MPa. At this temperature, the lignin and hemicelluloses of the chips are softened and the fibers can be easily separated in the downstream refining (Allen et al. 1988).
In the energy model, it is assumed that the preheater and the refiner have the same operating pressure and temperature. The effect of the small amount of wax added as a water repellent on thermal energy consumption is ignored.
In the preheater, chips with a specific heat [C.sub.p1] (J/odkg x K) at MC [M.sub.1] are heated from temperature [T.sub.1] to temperature [T.sub.2] ([degrees]C), which is the saturation temperature at the pressure of the injected steam. The heat required in the preheater is equal to that released from the condensation of the injected steam. Considering the chip temperature [T.sub.2] should be kept constant in the preheater and the refiner, the steam requirement ([m.sub.2], kg/h) can be determined using a heat loss ratio of [[epsilon].sub.2] in the system by:
[m.sub.2] = [L.sub.0][C.sub.p1]([T.sub.2] - [T.sub.1])/[DELTA][H.sub.wv](1 - [[epsilon].sub.2]) [3]
This is the minimum steam requirement in the preheater, however, in practice, an extra amount of steam ([m.sub.3a], kg/h) about 30 percent of [m.sub.2], is also supplied which flows to the refiner together with the heated chips.
In the refiner, electricity ([N.sub.rf], W) is provided to break the chips into fibers through mechanical action. In doing so, the electricity is converted to thermal energy and the refiner effectively acts as a steam generator (Allen et al. 1988). The steam generated ([m.sub.g], kg/h) is calculated by Equation [4] with [[alpha].sub.2] designating the electricity-to-heat conversion coefficient.
[m.sub.g] = 36000[[alpha].sub.2][N.sub.rf] - [DELTA][H.sub.wv] [4]
Some of the steam is recycled ([m.sub.g] [phi]) from the refiner to the preheater at a recycle ratio ([phi]) to reduce the fresh steam consumption ([m.sub.fresh], kg/h) to meet the total steam requirement ([m.sub.2], kg/h) in the preheater.
[m.sub.fresh] = [m.sub.2] - [m.sub.g][phi] [5]
A small additional amount of steam ([m.sub.3b], ~400 kg/h) is usually injected to the refiner in order to maintain the required pressure. By taking the preheater and the refiner as a single system, the total steam input (m, kg/h) to this system is given by Equation [6] and the steam going forward to the blowline ([m.sub.4], kg/h) is calculated from Equation [7].
m = [m.sub.fresh] + [m.sub.3a] + [m.sub.3b] [6]
[m.sub.4] = (1 - [phi])[m.sub.g] + [m.sub.3a] + [m.sub.3b] [7]
In the preheater, the chip MC increases with steam condensation and in the refiner, the fiber MC decreases with steam generation. Therefore, the outlet MC ([M.sub.2]) of the refined fibers is calculated by:
[L.sub.0][M.sub.2] = [L.sub.0][M.sub.1] + [m.sub.2] - [m.sub.g] [8]
In the above calculation it is assumed that the fiber production equals the chip load [L.sub.0] (odkg/h) in the preheater.
Fiber drying
Blowline.--After refining, fibers are discharged through a valve into a blowline as shown in Figure 3. In the blowline, a velocity of up to 100 m/s for the mixture of fibers and steam can be achieved at the normal operating pressure of 0.4 to 0.5 MPa ([P.sub.in]). The UF resin solution ([L.sub.r] + [L.sub.water], kg/h) is added in the blowline where the turbulent flow provides desired mixing. No net energy is supplied in the blowline, but it is necessary to calculate the fiber MC change and the steam evaporation rate in the blowline for the input values in the subsequent fiber drying calculations.
Because of the highly turbulent steam-fiber flow, the pressure drop in the blowline is significant and can be estimated by (Perry et al. 1998):
[DELTA]p = f l/d [rho]/2 [u.sup.2] = 0.025 l/d u/2 [m.sub.4]/3.6/[pi][d.sup.2]/4 = 0.014 l x u x [m.sub.4]/[pi][d.sup.3] [9]
In Equation [9], f is the friction factor, which is estimated to be 0.025 for a stainless steel blowline pipe with a smooth surface; d is the inner diameter of the blowline pipe, which is about 100 ram; l is the length of the blowline pipe which is typically in the order of 50 m and u (m/s) is the steam-fiber velocity in the blowline.
At the entrance of the blowline, the steam becomes superheated once the pressure is reduced, and the superheated steam provides sensible heat to heat up the injected resin solution and to evaporate the water from the resin solution and the fibers. Heat loss ([Q.sub.loss], J/h) to the ambient atmosphere surrounding the pipe is also considered in the model. The steam at the blowline outlet reaches the saturation point corresponding to the outlet pressure ([P.sub.out], bar) and its temperature [T.sub.3] ([degrees]C) is readily taken from an empirical correlation fitted from a steam table in Perry et al. (1998):
[T.sub.3] = 50 [log.sub.10]([P.sub.out]) + 3.48[P.sub.out] + 96.5 [10]
By considering the energy exchange between steam, fiber, resin, and moisture water, the energy balance can be established for the blowline as follows:
([L.sub.r][C.sub.pr] + [L.sub.water][C.sub.pw])[T.sub.ro] + ([L.sub.0][C.sub.p2] + [m.sub.4][C.sub.pv])[T.sub.2] = [[L.sub.r][C.sub.pr] + [L.sub.0][C.sub.p3] + ([m.sub.4] + [m.sub.evap])[C.sub.pv]][T.sub.3] + [m.sub.evap][DELTA][H.sub.wv] + [Q.sub.loss] [11]
in which [T.sub.r0] ([degrees]C) is the resin temperature at injection, [C.sub.p2] and [C.sub.p3] (J/odkg x K) are the specific heat of fibers at the inlet and the outlet of the blowline, respectively. The outlet fiber MC [M.sub.3] is related to the steam evaporation rate ([m.sub.evap], kg/h) for a given amount of resin solution based on the mass balance:
[M.sub.3] = [L.sub.water] + [L.sub.0][M.sub.2] - [m.sub.evap]/[L.sub.0] + [L.sub.r] [12]
Equations [11] and [12] can be solved to determine the outlet MC ([M.sub.3]) and the steam evaporation rate ([m.sub.evap]) as the other parameters are known from either the operation conditions or the refining.
Fiber drying.--Figure 4 shows the process of fiber drying. At the entrance to the dryer, the mixture of wet, resinated fibers and steam from the blowline is hot and depressurized to atmospheric pressure very quickly. In a short distance of 1 to 2 m from the dryer entrance, fast evaporation of moisture occurs and because of this, the fiber dryer is also referred to as a flash dryer. After the flash drying, a drying medium, either hot flue gas or hot air, is injected to mix with the fiber and steam. Along the length of the dryer, the wet, resinated fibers are dried to the required MC, normally 10 to 11 percent. The hot drying medium provides sensible heat for the drying and, at the same time, carries the evaporated vapor away from the fibers. The mixture of fiber, vapor and drying medium then goes into a cyclone for separation where the exhaust gas is vented from the top and the dried fibers are discharged from the bottom (Pang 2001).
The temperature of the drying medium is normally controlled between 120 and 180[degrees]C at the dryer entrance to prevent fiber claps and kinks that could result from more severe drying conditions (240 to 300[degrees]C) previously used in the older plants (Allen et al. 1988). The flow rate of the drying medium is controlled based on the final fiber MC, the production capacity and the target exhaust temperature (60 to 65[degrees]C).
The energy model for the drying process has considered two drying media, either the directly injected flue gas or the indirectly heated hot air. The flue gas drying medium is obtained from the exhaust flue gas from a thermal oil heater, normally at 380[degrees]C, which is then cleaned and mixed with ambient air to achieve the required drying temperature. For the hot air-drying, the ambient air is heated up to the required drying temperature by the 380[degrees]C flue gas in a typical heat exchanger.
Flue gas as the drying medium.--The heat balance Equation [13] is established for the fiber dryer based on the fact that the heat required is mainly used to reduce the MC of the fibers from [M.sub.3] to [M.sub.5]. The heat required is provided by the hot flue gas, the hot wet fiber and resin, and the steam with a dryer energy efficiency of [[eta].sub.dryer].
In the above equation, [C.sub.pf] (J/kg.K) is the specific heat of the dry fiber, [T.sub.4] ([degrees]C) is the drying temperature at the inlet and [T.sub.5] ([degrees]C) is the exhaust gas temperature. Due to the close contact between the fibers and the drying medium, the dry fiber has the same temperature as the exhaust gas at the outlet of the cyclone.
With the known parameters, the flue gas flow rate ([m.sub.fl], kg/ h) can be determined from Equation [13]. Heat required ([Q.sub.fl], J/h) from the flue gas can then be calculated based on the specific heat of flue gas ([C.sub.pfl], J/kg K) at the average temperature of [T.sub.4] and [T.sub.5].
[Q.sub.fl] = [m.sub.fl][C.sub.pfl]([T.sub.4] - [T.sub.5]) [14]
The total heat demand ([Q.sup.fl.sub.dry], J/h) for drying can be calculated by considering a heat loss ratio in the flue gas cleaning and mixing step ([[epsilon].sub.clean]).
[Q.sup.fl.sub.dry] = [Q.sub.fl]/1 - [[epsilon].sub.clean] [15]
Hot air as drying medium.--The effective heat demand in the hot air-drying is equal to the heat demand in the flue gas drying ([Q.sub.fl], J/h) at the same production capacity. Therefore, airflow rate [m.sub.a] (kg/h) to the dryer can be calculated by:
[m.sub.a] = [Q.sub.fl]/[C.sub.pa]([T.sub.4] - [T.sub.5]) [16]
However, there is a heat efficiency factor ([[eta].sub.air]) for the heat exchanger where the air is heated to the required temperature by the flue gas. By considering this, the actual heat demand in the hot air-drying ([Q.sup.a.sub.dry], J/h) can be determined by the following equation in terms of the flue gas:
[Q.sup.a.sub.dry] = [m.sub.a][C.sub.pa]([T.sub.4] - [T.sub.0])/[[eta].sub.air] = [Q.sub.fl] ([T.sub.4] - [T.sub.0])/[[eta].sub.air]([T.sub.4] - [T.sub.5]) [17]
The higher heat demand in the hot air-drying compared to the direct flue gas drying can be explained by the fact that the ambient temperature ([T.sub.0]) is always lower than the exhaust temperature from the dryer ([T.sub.5]) and the heat efficiency in the heat exchanger is always less than 1.
Mat hot pressing
The dried fibers from the fiber dryer are usually stockpiled in a storage bin. From there the dried fibers are metered and conveyed to the forming station for mat formation followed by prepressing and final hot pressing. There is no heat demand in the mat formation and prepress. The mechanical work input has a negligible effect on the heat balance so it is not considered in the model and thus the mat is assumed to enter the final hot-press at ambient temperature. In order to shorten the hot pressing cycle, especially for the thick board, preheating is sometimes applied to elevate the mat temperature before the hot pressing (Maloney 1993). However, as preheating is not normally applied in the MDF plants in New Zealand, it is not considered in the model.
In a continuous press, the prepressed mat is continuously conveyed through the press between two thin stainless steel belts. The friction between the conveying bands and the hot platens is reduced by a carpet of thin rollers as illustrated in Figure 5 (Thoemen and Humphrey 2003).
Platens are commonly heated using hot oil in the New Zealand MDF industry, while steam or hot water heating with radio frequency preheating is used in the other countries (Maloney 1993). Hot oil, heated by flue gas in a separate heat exchanger, is pumped through the hollow space in the platens continuously.
The heat input to the fiber mat comes from the heated press platens and the exothermic curing reaction of the resin binder. It is observed that at the end of the press, the panel surface temperature is very close to the press platen temperature [T.sub.p], and the panel core temperature is at about 100[degrees]C. The 100[degrees]C core temperature must be maintained for roughly 30 seconds to properly cure the UF resin (Maloney 1993). An average value ([T.sub.6]) of the panel surface and the core temperature is taken as the overall MDF panel temperature after pressing. In this way, the heat ([Q.sub.mat], J/h) required to heat the fiber mat during the hot-press can be determined from the heat balance:
[Q.sub.mat] = [[C.sub.pf][L.sub.0] + [C.sub.pr][L.sub.r] + [C.sub.pw][M.sub.5]([L.sub.0] + [L.sub.r])] ([T.sub.6] - [T.sub.0]) [18]
The heat released from the resin cure reaction ([Q.sub.react], J/h) is equal to the polycondensation enthalpy of 84,130 J/kg for the UF resin with 1.5 percent (w/w) hardener (N[H.sub.4]Cl), which is the typical hardener content used in MDF production (Carvalho et al. 2003).
During the hot pressing, further drying usually takes place due to elevated vapor pressure within the panel thus the final panel MC is reduced to about 8 percent. Total water evaporation rate ([W.sub.evap], kg/h) in the hot pressing should include the MC change and the water formed by the resin polycondensation.
[W.sub.evap] = ([L.sub.0] + [L.sub.r])([M.sub.5] - [M.sub.6]) + [L.sub.r][W.sub.r] [19]
In order to determine the water released from the resin polycondensation ([W.sub.r], kg/h), an Arrhenius type kinetic model in differential form developed by Carvalho et al. (2003) was integrated and used in the model.
Heat demand ([Q.sub.press], J/h) for the press should include the energy needed to heat the MDF mat to the final temperature, heat released by resin curing, heat for water evaporation and the heat lost during the hot pressing.
[Q.sub.press] = ([Q.sub.mat] - [Q.sub.react] + [W.sub.evap] x [DELTA][H.sub.wv])/(1 - [[epsilon].sub.press]) [20]
Where [[epsilon].sub.press] is the heat loss ratio in the hot pressing, which can be as high as 50 percent of the heat required due to the fact that the heat is supplied from the platen surface to the mat in an open environment. This heat transfer is through three sequential stages: (1) heat conduction from the hot platen surface to the steel rods; (2) heat conduction from the steel rods to the stainless steel belt; and (3) heat transfer from the steel belt to the mat surface. Each of the three stages causes heat loss to the surrounding air by natural convection and radiation.
Coefficient fitting and validation of the model
The index value of the thermal energy demand (defined as the energy demand per unit volume of MDF panel) in kWh/[m.sup.3] for the regular grade is used to compare the energy demand data from commercial plants with the model prediction. The coefficients of electricity-to-heat conversion, heat loss ratio and energy efficiency have been adjusted according to the energy survey result of a commercial plant, Plant 1, which uses flue gas fiber drying. The coefficients were introduced based on the engineering principles and practices. These coefficients were fitted in a practical range by comparison between the predicted and measured energy consumption. Due to the limited number of plants for the data collection, more accurate coefficient fitting technique such as the least square root fitting was not used. Table 2 lists the fitting values of these coefficients used in the final version of the model. Figure 6 shows that the model thermal energy demand fits well with the Plant 1 data giving a total difference of 6 percent.
After the coefficient fitting, the model is validated using data obtained in further plant surveys. When hot air is used for fiber drying, Figure 7 illustrates the validation of the model compared to the energy demand in Plant 2 (energy audit data) (French 2002) and a typical plant reported by the Center of Advance Engineering in New Zealand (CAE 1996). Thermal energy demand simulated by the model is 2 percent to 17 percent lower than that reported values from the two plants. The lower predicted values are reflected in every plant unit operation. The discrepancy between the model prediction and the reported data are not considered to be significant since there is a generally wide range of values from the different plant cases. The result of Plant 2 was based on energy audit data and is expected to be more reliable for comparison (French 2002). The typical plant figure published by CAE (1996) is supposed to be the statistical result, however, there is no explanation of the original data source or collection method.
If a comparison is made between the model and the three plants (Plant 1, Plant 2 and Plant CAE), the model result has a discrepancy of -17 percent to +6 percent compared to the practical thermal energy demand data. Although the agreement of model and Plant 1 is clearly the result of parameter fitting, the accuracy of the model simulation is expected to be well within the accuracy of [+ or -]20 percent specified in a Level 2 Standard Energy Audits in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 3598:2000). Plant 1 uses flue gas directly for fiber drying, and Plant 2 is the typical plant using hot air. Therefore, the proposed model in this work can be applied to simulate the thermal energy demand for both of the fiber drying cases.
Results and discussion
Energy demand by MDF grades
The energy model calculates the MDF plant heat demand based on unit oven dry weight of materials processed. With the same production volume, higher density grades result in higher production weights, thus consuming more thermal energy. The energy demand per unit volume of product is approximately proportional to the grade density.
The index values of energy demand and raw material demand are given in Table 3 and show that the production of lighter panel consumes less energy and also less log material per unit volume MDF panel. However, the lighter panel requires higher resin loading to achieve the required internal bonding property. In practice, the MDF production is a mixture of grades depending on the market demand. In this case, the model could be run separately for each grade for a particular period of production time. Regular grade is usually the majority of the products and thus this paper focuses on this grade in the following analysis.
Energy demand by unit operation
In the reference case with an annual production of 120,000 [m.sup.3] regular grade of MDF, the model predicts a total annual thermal energy demand of 119 GWh in flue gas heat when the flue gas is used for fiber drying. If hot air is used for the fiber drying, the total annual thermal energy demand increases to 140 GWh, 21 GWh more than the flue gas drying. Figures 8 and 9 show the energy demand for the three unit operations in the two fiber drying cases. Fiber drying is the biggest energy consumer, accounting for 45 percent of the total thermal energy consumed when flue gas is used or 54 percent if hot air is used. The higher energy consumption in the hot air-drying is due to the fact that more heat is lost in the flue gas venting at high temperatures (~150[degrees]C) after heating the air (French 2002). In some older plants, the flue gas exhaust temperature could be as high as 250 to 300[degrees]C although multiple economizers are used (Allen et al. 1988).
Thermal energy consumption in the fiber drying can also be reduced by decreasing the steam flow rate into the dryer from the refiner or by improving the dryer energy efficiency. Lower steam flow rate can be achieved by using a higher steam recycle ratio from the refiner to the preheater. However, this may result in a lower humidity in the dryer and some drying defects such as fiber collapse and resin precuring can result from too severe drying (Allen et al. 1998). A dryer energy efficiency of 60 percent is used in the model for the one-stage dryer which reflects the heat loss from the dryer walls and the cyclone. The dryer heat efficiency can be improved by using a two-stage dryer to recover the condensed moisture and heat from the first stage exhaust (Pang 2001).
Thermal energy distribution
The distribution of thermal energy demand as calculated from the model is illustrated in Figure 10 for flue gas fiber drying. Flue gas from a wood residue-fired furnace is the primary energy source. One common thermal oil system is used for the three energy users including steam generation, dryer heating and hot-press. Steam is used for chip feeding, preheating, and refining; flue gas itself is for fiber drying, and thermal oil is used for the hot pressing.
In the total thermal energy demand of 119 GWh (flue gas heat), 65 GWh is used for oil heating to produce 53 GWh thermal oil while the remaining 54 GWh is used for fiber drying. Along the hot oil flow path, 38 GWh of the thermal oil heat (48 GWh flue gas) is used to provide 34.7 GWh of total steam made up of 0.4 MPa (22.2 GWh) and 1 MPa (12.5 GWh), respectively, supplied to the chip hopper, and the preheater and refiner. The remaining 15 GWh oil heat is used for the hot-press to bring the mat to the temperature for resin curing. This thermal oil heat is provided from 17 GWh flue gas heat.
In the chip hopper, the 22.2 GWh steam at 0.4 MPa consumed is equivalent to 30.7 GWh flue gas heat. However, energy demand in the chip washing is not reflected in the diagram since it uses recycled hot water from the screw feeder after the chip hopper.
It is important to note that in the preheater and refiner, only 6.9 GWh of the 1 MPa steam is needed to heat up the chips to the refining temperature taking credit for the additional heat from the consumed electrical energy in the refining. The remaining 5.6 GWh of 1 MPa steam, which is used for maintaining an even temperature and pressure in the preheater and refiner, flows through the blowline to the dryer and is used in the fiber drying.
Fiber drying with directly injected flue gas consumes 46 GWh flue gas at a temperature of 160[degrees]C and 5.6 GWh of the steam from the refiner. Considering the heat loss in the gas cleaning and mixing, the actual energy input for the fiber drying, without the 5.6 GWh of steam heat from the blowline, is equivalent to 54 GWh of flue gas heat.
Thermal energy self-sufficiency
For production of 120,000 [m.sup.3]/yr regular grade MDF, wood residues generated are totaled at 25,691 odt/yr including bark, chip fines, trim-off, sander dust, and rejected panels. Sander dust and bark are the major residues accounting for over 50 percent of the total. Care should be taken on the wood residues MC when they are burned to generate thermal energy since many burners have difficulty with rapidly changing fuel moisture level. Fresh bark and fines from chip screen usually have a MC similar to the fresh log at about 120 percent. Fines from chip washing normally have a saturated MC of around 180 to 210 percent depending on the wood density. Trim off from the panel cross cutting, sander dust and rejected panels are nominally dry with a MC of 6 to 12 percent. Mixing the various residues may be necessary to achieve a homogeneous and steady MC for combustion or gasification.
The total wood residues have an energy value of 135 GWh/ yr based on a calorific value of 19 MJ/odkg (Baines 1993). They can generate thermal energy of 108 GWh/yr in flue gas heat using 80 percent thermal conversion efficiency in a furnace burning a fuel with an average 100 percent MC. This amount of energy is able to provide an energy self-sufficiency of 91 percent for flue gas fiber drying, or 77 percent for hot air fiber drying according to the model.
In a MDF production line, chip preheating and refining, fiber drying, and panel hot pressing are the three unit operations that consume thermal energy. Based on the processing technology of one-stage fiber drying and continuous hot pressing, a spreadsheet-based model has been established to quantify the thermal energy demand in the MDF production. The model can be used to examine the effects of various production capacities, product grades, operation times and fiber drying methods on thermal energy demand and distribution.
In the plants considered, the biggest difference in the thermal energy demand was how the hot flue gas from a wood residue furnace is used for fiber drying. One method takes the flue gas downstream from the thermal oil heater (now at 380[degrees]C), then cleans and quenches it with ambient air down to 160[degrees]C before entering the dryer for the fiber drying. The other method takes the flue gas from the same point in the flow sheet and sends it to a conventional heat exchanger to heat up a separate air stream for the fiber drying.
In a reference case of MDF production of 120,000 [m.sup.3]/yr, energy demand increases with the panel density, 676 kWh/[m.sup.3] for Ultra-light grade, 989 kWh/[m.sup.3] for the Regular grade and 1100 kWh/[m.sup.3] for the Thin grade using the flue gas fiber drying. When the hot air is used for the fiber drying in the production of Regular grade MDF, the total thermal energy demand is 1168 kWh/[m.sup.3] which is 179 kWh/[m.sup.3] (15%) more than the flue gas fiber drying. For this Regular grade case, the model predicts that combustion of the residues is able to provide 77 percent of its own thermal energy demand using hot air for fiber drying or 91 percent using flue gas for fiber drying.
Validation of the model using energy survey results from MDF plants shows the model is able to predict the energy demand with an accuracy of -17 percent to +6 percent, which is within the data variation of [+ or -]20 percent required in the energy audit (level 2) Standard of Australia and New Zealand. However, it is noted that the model calculation is based on a single grade MDF while in practical production, the product is a mixture of different grades during a 1-year period.
Literature cited
Alien, D., C. Saefstroem, and P. Wiecke. 1988. Design aspects of modern MDF plants. Appita 41 (2):93-96.
Baines, J.T. 1993. New Zealand Energy Information Handbook. Prepared and published with financial assistance from Energy and Resources Div., Ministry of Commerce, Fisher and Paykel Ltd, and Southpower.
Centre for Advanced Engineering (CAE) 1996: Part 6: Forestry Processing. Energy Efficiency, Industry and Primary Production, Vol. 2. Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. pp. 217-268.
Carvalho, L., M. Costa, and C. Costa. 2003. A global model for the hot-pressing of MDF. Wood Sci. and Tech. 37:241-258.
French, C. 2002. Energy Analysis of a Medium Density Fibreboard Production Facility. thesis of a Post Graduate Diploma of Sci., Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Maloney, T. 1993. Modern Particleboard and Dry-process Fiberboard Manufacturing. Miller Freeman, San Francisco.
Nelson Pine Industries Ltd.(NPI) 2005. www.nelsonpine.co.nz/MDFProd.htm.
Pang, S. 2001. Improving MDF fibre drying operation by application of a mathematical model. Drying Tech. 19(8): 1789-1805.
--, R.B. Keey, and T.A.G. Langrish. 1995. Modelling the temperature profiles within boards during the high-temperature drying of Pinus radiata timber: The influence of airflow reversals. Inter. J. Heat Mass Transfer 38(2): 189-205.
Dongwha Patinna NZ Ltd.(Patinna) 2005. www.patinna.com
Perry, R.H., D.W. Green, and J.O. Maloney. 1998. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (7th Ed.). McGraw-Hill Inter. Editions.
Sturgeon, M.G. 1992. The future of panel products: Medium-density fibreboard. In: Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Syrup., FRI Bulletin No. 177. pp. 42-50.
MDF Part II. 1992. World MDF capacity update part II: Asia-Pacific and the rest of the world. Wood Based Panels Int'l. 17(5): 12-13.
Thoemen, H. and P. Humphrey. 2003. Modelling the continuous pressing process for wood-based composites. Wood and Fibre Sci. 35(3): 456-469.
The authors are, respectively, Research Engineer and Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemical and Process Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand (email@example.com; email@example.com), and Director, Delta S Technologies, Port Chalmers, Dunedin, New Zealand (firstname.lastname@example.com). The study is funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Sci. and Technology. The authors greatly appreciate Mr. Philip Wilson in Nelson Pine Industries Ltd., Mr. Alistair Allan in Dongwha Patinna NZ Ltd., and Mr. Dave Allen in Metso Panelboard for their valuable help in conducting this study. This paper was received for publication in November 2006. Article No. 10269.
Table 1.--Guide to variables used in equations and figures. Variable designation Explanation [L.sub.i] Dry mass flow rate of the wood chips or fiber at point i in the process in unit of odkg/h (oven dry kg per hour) [m.sub.i] Mass flow rate of the water present at point i in the process in unit of kg/h [M.sub.i] MC of the fiber material at point i in the process (percent dry basis) [Q.sub.i] Heat flow at point i in the process (J/h) [T.sub.i] Temperature of the process stream at point i in the process ([degrees]C) Table 2.--Coefficients, heat loss ratios and thermal energy efficiencies used in the model. Value based on energy Item Symbol supplied (%) Coefficient of electricity-to-heat by the [[alpha].sub.1] 40 screw feeder Coefficient of electricity-to-heat by the [[alpha].sub.2] 70 refiner Heat loss ratio in chip washer [[epsilon].sub.0] 20 Heat loss ratio in chip hopper [[epsilon].sub.1] 35 and screw feeder Heat loss ratio in preheater [[epsilon].sub.2] 20 and refiner Heat loss ratio in flue gas [[epsilon].sub.clean] 15 cleaner and mixer Heat loss ratio in hot pressing [[epsilon].sub.press] 50 Thermal efficiency of fiber [[eta].sub.dryer] 60 dryer Thermal efficiency of heat exchanger for flue gas heating up [[eta].sub.oil] 85 thermal oil for thermal oil raising [[eta].sub.steam] 85 steam for flue gas heating up air [[eta].sub.air] 85 for thermal oil heating up [[eta].sub.platen] 85 platens Table 3.--Index value of energy and raw material demand with grade (flue gas for fiber drying). Ultra- MDF grade Thin Regular Light light Thermal energy (kWh/[m.sup.3]) 1100 989 815 676 Log ([m.sup.3]/[m.sup.3]) 2.27 2.01 1.62 1.31 UF resin solid (kg/[m.sup.3]) 65 79 81 80 Figure 8.--Annual energy demand by unit operation for production of 120,000 [m.sup.3]/yr regular MDF using flue gas for fiber drying. Fiber drying 54GWh, 45% Hot pressing 17GWh, 15% Preheating & refining 48GWh, 40% Note: Table made from pie chart. Figure 9.--Annual energy demand by unit operation for production of 120,000 [m.sup.3]/yr regular MDF using hot air for fiber drying. Fiber drying 54GWh, 54% Hot pressing 17GWh, 12% Preheating & refining 48GWh, 34% Note: Table made from pie chart.
Reader Opinion
|Printer friendly Cite/link Email Feedback
|Title Annotation:
|medium density fiberboard
|Li, Jingge; Pang, Shusheng; Scharpf, Eric W.
|Forest Products Journal
|Geographic Code:
|Sep 1, 2007
|Previous Article:
|Analysis of three-year Wisconsin temperature histories for roof systems using wood, wood-thermoplastic composite, and fiberglass shingles.
|Next Article:
|An approach to classify thermally modified hardwoods by color.


text:
The Celebrate Israel Festival on May 31 at Pier 94, slated to be the largest gathering to date of Israeli-Americans in New York.
"With the winds of change blowing through the Arab world, it's more urgent than ever that we try to seize the opportunity to create a peaceful solution between the Palestinians and the Israelis," President Obama saidlast week after meeting with Israeli president Shimon Peres.
Peres's visit was widely regarded as a groundbreaker for a visit in May by Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Netanyahu is expected to come under a mounting tide of pressure on the Palestinian-state issue, culminating in a Palestinian attempt to secure UN recognition of a Palestinian state in September.
Meanwhile a poll by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has found that one-third of Palestinians approved the attack in the Israeli West Bank community of Itamar in March. In that attack, five members of the Fogel family – the parents as well as their 11-year-old son, 4-year-old son, and 3-month-old daughter – were stabbed to death in their home.
Four decades ago America was shocked by the Manson murders – intruders shot and stabbed to death four adults and a teenage boy at the house of actress Sharon Tate in Los Angeles (Tate, one of the stabbing victims, was eight months pregnant). One can imagine the horror Americans would have felt toward any society one-third of whose members approved the Manson murders. On the scale of horror, the Itamar massacre, given the ages of three of the victims, was even worse.
Two other points should be made.
One is that the Itamar perpetrators have not yet been caught – in contrast to other Palestinian terror attacks where Israeli security forces usually quickly nabbed the culprits. The delay this time is attributed to Israel having withdrawn its forces from much of the West Bank, to be replaced by U.S.-trained Palestinian forces.
The second point is that while the ages of the young Itamar victims may indeed have been "too much" for many Palestinians, that wasn't the case with the 2008 massacre by gunfire of seven teenage boys and a young man in Jerusalem's Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva. That attack won the approval of 84 percent of Palestinians.
The murderous hatred of many of the Palestinians who are supposed to be awarded a state abutting Israel can be added to the many other arguments against such a state, at least at this time, that make no impression on the devout. Or as Netanyahu himself said recently – not about a Palestinian state per se, but about the supposed centrality of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the region and the world – "There is no evidence that these true believers will not ignore."
Take, for instance, the statement by Obama, who certainly must be counted among those believers, mentioned above. Rationally speaking, the "winds of change blowing through the Arab world" should not make "more urgent than ever" the creation of a Palestinian state, but induce more wariness than ever.
Those winds have already blown away the Mubarak government in Egypt, which upheld a formal albeit icy-cold peace with Israel for three decades, and is likely to be replaced by a far more hostile, quite possibly belligerent, regime.
Then there's Jordan, also formally at peace with Israel since 1994, now subject as well to instability and seething with Islamist and Palestinian hatred of Israel. As for Syria, while the Alawite regime of the Assads is already one of the most hostile toward Israel, it's also a regime that has, out of pragmatism, maintained a peaceful border since 1973; its weakening, and the rise of Sunni Islamists in its stead, could well put an end to that pragmatism.
Rationally, then, the overall instability of the Middle East, where regimes can disappear overnight, is not an argument for creating yet another Middle Eastern state squeezed up against your borders; it's an argument against it.
To this must be added the results of Israel's previous territorial withdrawals over the past decade – from Lebanon, leading to Hizbullah's takeover of the south and eventually the whole country, now teeming with military facilities directed at Israel; and from Gaza, leading to the empowerment of Hamas and an ongoing nightmare of rocket fire and warfare.
Put popular Palestinian hatred in the mix, and the idea of the Palestinian state as an urgent policy goal emerges as not just irrational but crazy. It's been suggested that Netanyahu, instead of trying to parry the pressures with deft diplomatic games, should start boldly enunciating the truth. It makes a lot of sense.
P. David Hornik is a freelance writer and translator living in Israel. He blogs at http://pdavidhornik.typepad.com.
About the Author:
If you don't see your comment after publishing it, refresh the page.
Comments are closed.
For a peace treaty with the PA, half the Israeli public would agree to divide the Jerusalem
As for the president's new, softer tone vis-à-vis Prime Minister Netanyahu and Israel, this is most likely being driven by the results of the recent Israeli election.
What especially appeals to us is his grand – some critics would say extravagant –view of what the borders of Israel should look like.
There was something else of great importance in play – something we would have liked to see him take into account before deciding to stand with the boycotters.
The establishment of Hebrew University was a cause much beloved to Einstein who in 1923, during what would be his only trip to Eretz Yisrael, delivered the university's inaugural lecture on Har Hatzofim (Mt. Scopus) and, discussing the theory of relativity, spoke the first few sentences of his address in Hebrew.
The Golden Square wanted Germany to destroy the British and Jewish presence in their country. The Third Reich craved what was beneath the ground – oil.
Ida Nudel's account of how the Soviets persecuted and punished her was far worse than imagined.
Swim4Sadna is an annual event benefiting Sadna, an integrative special-ed community in Gush Etzion
Prof. Wistrich, was THE foremost historian of anti-Semitism; committed spokesman & advocate of Jewry
Jewish Voices for Peace's 2015 Haggadah is a blatant anti-Israel screed crying, "L'chayim to BDS!"
On his shloshim, I want to discuss a term I've heard countless times about Rav Aharon: Gedol HaDor
After obsequious claims of devotion to Israel, Obama took to criticizing Israel on peace process
Mr. Obama, Israeli voters have democratically chosen to apply Israeli sovereignty over Judea&Samaria
Netanyahu so disdains Shaked's appointment he completely ignored her after the swearing-in ceremony
Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics has released its population data for 2012, the year that just ended. As usual, the trends are favorable. The total Israeli population rose to just under eight million, while the Jewish population for the first time rose to just over six million.
It turns out that soon after taking office, President Obama tried to make friends – totally – with the mullahs' regime in Iran.
How well are Jews – and non-Jews – doing with regard to the Jewish state? If the question focuses on the highbrow world, and particularly its predominant persuasion of liberalism (or what is still called by that name), the answer that emerges from Edward Alexander's new book is: not very well.
It's been a bumpy road for the Palestinians lately.
Recent staged spectacles that were supposed to whip up sympathy for them and put Israel in a bad light again – the Nakba Day (May 15) and Naksa Day (June 4) marches on Israel's borders, the flotilla, the flytilla – have been disappointments at best, if not outright flops. And the Palestinians' long-hyped independent-statehood bid at the UN in September is meeting growing opposition from the West.
When Glenn Beck's upcoming Jerusalem rally was first announced, he saidit would be called "Restore Courage" – modeled on his "Restoring Honor" rally last year in Washington that drew half a million. Or as Beck put it: "Last summer, we set out to restore honor in Washington, DC. This summer, it's time to restore courage. It is time for us to courageously stand with Israel."
In reaction to the Palestinian Authority-Hamas unity deal signed in Cairo, Israel decided to turn off the spigot. It halted the transfer to the PA of over $100 million in customs and tax revenues.
The day after last week's announcement of a Fatah-Hamas rapprochement in Cairo, Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas said he would keep pursuing peace talks with Israel. Almost concurrently, top Hamas official Mahmoud al-Zahar said Hamas would stick to its stance of neither recognizing nor negotiating with Israel, but "if Fatah wants to negotiate with Israel over trivialities, they can."
"With the winds of change blowing through the Arab world, it's more urgent than ever that we try to seize the opportunity to create a peaceful solution between the Palestinians and the Israelis," President Obama saidlast week after meeting with Israeli president Shimon Peres.
Printed from: http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/opinions/winds-of-change-should-not-include-a-palestinian-state/2011/04/13/
Scan this QR code to visit this page online:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
At least 15 people were injured as fresh clashes broke out between protesters, demanding the release of youths arrested on charges of stone-pelting, and security forces in different parts of Kashmir Valley on Sunday.
Security forces fired rubber bullets, lobbed tear gas shells and swung batons to disperse unruly youths who stoned jawans in Baramulla, Sopore and Srinagar, official sources said.
At least 15 people, one of them allegedly hit by a rubber bullet, were injured in day-long pitched battles, they said.
Seven were injured in Baramulla, where the violence erupted first, five in Sopore and three in Srinagar, the sources said adding the youth who reportedly received rubber bullet injuries was hospitalised and was in stable condition.
However, the rest of the Valley returned to normalcy after a day-long shutdown sponsored by separatists to protest what they called "unrelenting violation of human rights" in Kashmir Valley.
Keywords: Srinagar, curfew, Hurriyat Conference, Baramulla


text:
Select Language
My Bag0
My Favorites0
Blu Moon offers a collection of trendy, celebrity-driven looks. Founded in 2009 by California-based designers Ling-Su Chinn and Amber Farr, the line is known for accessible fashion, bohemian prints, and easy-to-style pieces.
If an item you would like to purchase is out of stock, you can place a Special Order Inquiry. REVOLVE will then check the availability and obtain an approximate arrival date for the item, if available. Typically, it takes up to 3-4 weeks to verify this information.
Placing a Special Order Inquiry is absolutely free and there is no obligation to follow through with a purchase.
Sort by body type:
This is a beautiful dress (I got the Navy floral). The colour is exactly as pictured and the print is beautiful. The material is rayon, floaty but a bit thicker than silk. For sizing, I am US8 but always need to take a size 3 in this dress. The sizing is a bit wacky. It is a little tight around my hips but baggy at the chest. However, having said this I think you need a few curves to pull this off. If you are straight up and down it can drown you (my personal opinion). I have a 34D bust and the material, ruffles over chest, do not stick out but sit perfectly (I was a little worried it would look odd). Also I can go braless without it being too noticeable because of the ruffle at the front. The back is super sexy and I always get loads of comments. The length is short but not too much. I am 5'11 and while I can't bend over in this dress I have still worn is semi-casually and gotten away with it (according to my friends). Anyway, amazing dress. I have two of these in different prints and love them. Perfect for hot days or in cooler months with tights and killer ankle boots. A def must buy. Buy it in every colour!!!!
For a better shopping experience on REVOLVE
please upgrade your internet browser


text:
Reimagining 448 Local Libraries in Moscow, One Space at a Time
SVESMI, an unassuming studio based in central Rotterdam, is at the center of a dauntingly complex project that may eventually see the renovation of 448 dilapidated and disused branch libraries in Moscow. Architects Anastassia Smirnova and Alexander Sverdlov balance their time between Rotterdam, which acts as their design studio, and Moscow from which, alongside architects Maria Kataryan and Pavel Rueda, they oversee the project at large. Faced by the potential challenge of reimagining over 450 public 'living rooms' spread across the Russian capital and demanding unusually high levels of spatial articulation and social understanding, the Open Library project is also unwinding the hidden narrative of Moscow's local libraries.
Groundlab + WOWHAUS Chosen to Redesign Moscow's Largest Park
Groundlab, WOWHAUS and Urbanica have been announced as winners of an international competition to redesign Sokolniki Park, Moscow's largest park. Over the next 15 years, their 515 hectare masterplan, "Sokolniki. Nature's embassy in Moscow," will focus on preserving the 19th century park's unique natural landscape as an extension of the Losiny Ostrov nature park by dividing it into three zones: Forest, Forest Park and Regular Park.
Images of the winning design, after the break.
ASTOC and HPP Selected to Masterplan Moscow's New Finance Center
ASTOC and HPP have been announced as winners of a two-stage competition to masterplan "New Moscow's" International Financial Center (IFC) in Rublyovo-Arkhangelskoye. The phased, 460 hectare development will capitalize on the Moscow River's greenbelt by extending the river landscape throughout the IFC to achieve a balance between nature and city.
More information, images and a video about the winning proposal, after the break…
Shukhov Radio Tower Saved by Moscow City Hall
Moscow's Cultural Heritage Department has stepped in to save Vladimir Shukhov's historic 1922 Shabolovka Radio Tower, with a conservation order protecting its materials, architectural composition, structural elements and location. The news will be a relief to the many architects – including Tadao Ando, Elizabeth Diller, Rem Koolhaas and Thom Mayne – who agreed with Norman Foster that the tower is "a structure of dazzling brilliance and great historical importance", and signed a petition urging for the structure to be saved.
Thanks to the conservation order, the neglected building will have to be repaired, and Moscow City Hall now hopes to collaborate with Russia's national government to organize an open international competition the restoration and re-purposing of the 160m tower.
Read on after the break for more on the Shukhov Tower's proposed future
Step Inside This Brain-Like Pavilion for an Eerie Architectural Light Show
Have you ever wondered what a thought might look like traveling through your brain? In a recent installation in Moscow's Nikola-Lenivets park, media design firm Radugadesign animated the inner workings of the human brain with an innovative video projection. Universal Mind, a sculptural installation by artist Nikolay Polissky, serves as the immobile backdrop for the elaborate video mapping project. Over the course of nearly eight minutes, Polissky's brain-like sculpture explodes into a maelstrom of light and sound, with carefully curated streams of energetic colour interspersed with dark scenes of manufactured glimmering starlight.
The New Media Night Festival orchestrated the installation on July 5th with over five thousand in attendance across the three-day festival. Nikola-Lenivets park is home to 28 different public sculptural installations.
(Re)Made in China: The Soviet-Era Planning Projects Shaping China's Cities
The following article, written by Jacob Dreyer and originally published in The Calvert Journal as "Maximum city: the vast urban planning projects of Soviet-era Russia are being reborn in modern China," analyzes a fascinating phenomenon: the exportation of Soviet urbanism — or rather Stalinist urbanism — shaping Chinese cities today.
As I cycled to work on 20 May this year, the Yan'an Expressway — Shanghai's crosstown artery, named after the utopian socialist city that was Mao Zedong's 1940s stronghold — was eerily silent, cordoned off for a visit by President Vladimir Putin. We discovered the next day that the upshot of his visit was the signing a $400bn contract with China for the export of gas and petroleum. As President Barack Obama had once promised he would, Putin made a pivot to Asia, albeit on a slightly different axis. From Shanghai, the terms of the deal — which was immensely advantageous to China — made it seem as if Russia was voluntarily becoming a vassal-state of the People's Republic, making a reality of both the predictions of Vladimir Sorokin's dystopian fantasy novel Day of the Oprichnik and of Russian scare stories about Chinese immigrants flooding into Siberia.
The irony is that models of society imported from Russia during the Soviet period — as realised in popular culture, legal apparatuses and, of particular interest to the cyclist, in architecture and urban planning — are as influential as ever in China. If, as Chinese philosopher Wang Hui observed in his book The End of Revolution, Socialism was the door through which China passed on its voyage into modernity, then it was Russia that opened that door, by exporting models and expertise that laid the foundation for much of what constitutes modern China.
Zaha Hadid on Russian Artist Kazimir Malevich
In an article for London's Royal Academy of Arts Magazine entitled Plane Sailing, Zaha Hadid discusses the influence of Russian Suprematist painter Kazimir Malevich on her own design work. In Hadid's early work, such as The Peak Blue Slabs (1982/83), the visual connections to Malevich's strict, regular shapes and lines are evident.
Foster + Partners Designs Headquarters for Copper Company in Russia
Foster + Partners has revealed designs for the headquarters of RMK, one of the world's leading copper producers based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. The 13-story building is designed to complement the company's working style, splitting office spaces into two-story modular units which provide comfortable and flexible work spaces.
The facade of the building features triangular panels of bronze-colored steel, a motif that is inspired by the color and chemical structure of copper. These steel panels also express the modular offices within the building, with each ten by six-meter panel corresponding to a single office module, and regulate the building's temperature by shading the building in the summer but admitting winter sunshine.
Read on after the break for more on the design
V Confession Agency Office / M17
Russian Character Competition Won by Concept for a 'Dacha in a Dvor'
Design studio Megabudka has won the Russian Character competition, an open contest to design a culture and education centre for the Moscow suburb of Butovo Park. Their concept, entitled "Dacha in a Dvor" plays on the typically Russian idea of the Dacha, a seasonal home located outside the city that has been a part of Russian culture since the reign of Peter the Great.
The design by Megabudka consists of a cluster of buildings arranged around a "Dvor", or central courtyard containing apple trees and recreational spaces. As a whole, the design aims to bring the joys of seasonal rural life to the outskirts of Moscow, with a single flexible space shared by the whole community.
More on the design after the break
A Provocative Possible Future for Moscow's Failing Business District
What can you do with a business district that has an office vacancy rate of 40%, is completely separated from its surroundings and is facing increasing competition from business centers emerging throughout the city? These are questions that are increasingly being asked about Moscow's International Business District, the symbol of capitalism that was planned in 1992 after the fall of the Soviet Union, yet is still under construction today.
Eduardo Cassina and Liva Dudareva, founders of METASITU and researchers at the Strelka Institute, have proposed a provocative idea in response to this dilemma: envisaging the business district's future in 2041, they imagine a scenario where the district is linked by underground metro to Sheremetyevo And Domodedovo airports in the North and South – forming the world's first mega-airport, and the first one where it is possible to live in the terminal building without ever leaving.
Read on after the break for more explanation of idea
Ten in Shortlist to Redesign Moscow's Sokolniki Park
Competition organizers Archpolis have announced an international shortlist of ten practices that will go on to compete for the chance to redesign Moscow's Sokolniki Park. The park, which at 515 Hectares is the largest park in Moscow, is an important part of Moscow's Heritage, having first been used for recreation as a site for falcon hunting in the 15th century.
During the 19th century, the park was officially established, and bestowed with a distinctive radial design.The winner of the competition will be expected to work within this framework, as in 1979 the park became a protected monument of garden-park design from the 17th through 19th centuries.
Read on after the break for the shortlist
Project Meganom To Remodel Moscow's Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
Russian practice Project Meganom have won a competition to redesign the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. Their winning entry seeks to transform the museum complex into a hive of cultural activity, preserving the institution's world class art collection whilst "actively engaging with the surrounding territory as a potential space for exhibition, dialogue, and communication." The project focuses less on the provision of new areas but rather provides a single unified platform for a series of discordant parts, tying together all the elements of the environment into one cohesive design – "from buildings and monuments to benches and navigation."
Conference: Urban Routines 2013/14
Russian city dwellers live their daily lives, drive cars on busy streets, sit in front of computers in offices, buy groceries and other goods in supermarkets and shops, bring up their children and watch television at home. This decidedly typical Lebenswelt, routine, everyday, the gigantic and complex world of the ordinary, is under-researched and poorly analysed. The theme for Strelka's 2013-2014 research school year is Urban Routines.
Student research, public lectures, and talks on Urban Routines constitute an attempt to figure out what the everyday life of Russian cities is made of.
Shukhov Tower's Fate Put to a Vote
Despite severe corrosion, with almost 70% of one its six sections "thoroughly corroded" according to the government, Vladimir Shukhov's 1922 radio tower has never been restored. Earlier this year, a large group of international architects petitioned the government to save the tower, one of only 20 or so of Shukhov's 200 towers still standing in Russia. Now Moscow's government has put the fate of the landmark tower to a public vote.
Until July 6 Moscovites can use the "Engaged Citizen" app to support one of four actions: hold an open competition to restore the tower, move the tower to a new location, move it to its historic location on Shabolovka street, or invent a new solution.
What do you think should be done? Let us know in the comments below.
Inside Russia's "Fair Enough" – Special Mention Winner at the Venice Biennale 2014
The Russian Pavilion at the 2014 Venice Biennale is selling the most important architectural ideas from Russia. Curators Anton Kalgaev, Brendan Mcgetrick, and Daria Paramonova selected twenty ideas that offer solutions to contemporary architectural issues and designed the pavilion as a commercial fair. It's even got generic furniture and salespeople manning the booths.
They talked to us about their project Fair Enough and why their contribution to the Biennale is a market where Russia's originally socialist ideas are sold as updated "products."
Check out the full curatorial statement, flip through the 160-page pavilion catalog, and see a full gallery of images after the break.
Video: The City With the Most Constructivist Buildings in the World
Few Constructivist projects made it through the World Wars, but if you're looking for those that did, you'd be wise to travel to Yekaterinburg, Russia. With over a dozen complexes, the city probably has the world's biggest collection of Constructivist buildings—and it's definitely the only place with a hotel in the shape of a hammer and sickle.
The fascinating video above by Ural Life and Culture tours the city and surveys the elements common to Constructivist buildings. Yekaterinburg was a laboratory for Constructivist architects who started building there soon after the movement was founded in Moscow in 1921. Architects from all over the Soviet Union, Poland, and Germany designed 4-5 story apartment blocks and office towers to replace single story wooden houses. The Soviets also introduced new typologies like public baths, kindergartens, and a 14-building secret police complex called the "Little Town of Cheka Officers," with covered passages so residents could walk between buildings indoors.
The city is particularly remarkable when you consider Russia's track record with its Constructivist architecture. The country's most famous Constructivist building, Konstantin Melnikov's house in Moscow, was only listed as a heritage site, after years of preservationist efforts, in 2013.
Ether / Project Meganom
Architects: Project Meganom
Location: Butikovskiy pereulok, 7, Moscow, Russia, 119034
Architects In Charge: Yury Grigoryan, Alexandra Pavlova, Iliya Kuleshov
Collaborators: U. Villen, V. Zherebtsov
Area: 930.0 sqm
Year: 2008
Photographs: Courtesy of Project Meganom, Marco Zanta


text:
Searching for
Hyundai A/C Condenser Fan
Is a broken A/C Condenser Fan in your Hyundai leaving you hot, sticky and miserable? Well then, beat the heat and shop for a new Hyundai Air Conditioner Condenser Cooling Fan & Motor Assembly at 1A Auto, at a great price! Visit us online or call 888-844-3393 and order your Hyundai Air Conditioning Condenser Fan Assembly today!Read more
Choose your Hyundai Model
Over 3,000
Watch the 1A Auto Videos
We're here to help
hablamos español: 866-401-3393
Customer Feedback
"Thanks for the fast reliable service. Great price, and the headlights were as good as oem or better!!! Keep up the good work..."- Dwuan M.
Read More
Hyundai is a registered trademark of Hyundai Motor Company. 1A Auto is not affiliated with or sponsored by Hyundai or Hyundai Motor Company. See all trademarks.


text:
Fourth Of July
Capitol Police beg lawmakers to end their out-of-control parties
Woman, 65, stabbed while watching fireworks in Falls Church
Police say a 65-year-old woman was stabbed by an unknown assailant while watching fireworks in a shopping center parking lot in the Falls Church area.
Teen, 13, arrested in Frederick Fourth of July shooting
Frederick police have arrested a 13-year-old boy in a Fourth of July shooting that left a 15-year-old girl injured.
Agenda: 6 de Julio 2014
4 de Julio, Ordenes Ejecutivas del Presidente Obama sobre Inmigración, Sergio Fernández de Córdova.
Truly awesome video of Fourth of July fireworks from atop WJLA studios
We hope you'll enjoy this truly awesome view of the Fourth of July fireworks as filmed by Andrew S. Geraci from on top of the building of the WJLA and NewsChannel 8 studios.
Fireworks, perfect weather greet visitors for Fourth of July on National Mall
A fireworks display set against the Washington Monument electrified the night sky Friday night, along with the screens of thousands of smartphones.
Crews work overnight to clean up National Mall after Fourth of July celebration
The cleanup continues on the National Mall. It's tradition after one of the largest birthday parties of the year.
D.C. mayoral candidates celebrate Fourth of July at Palisades Parade
On Thursday, the Palisades Parade in Northwest is the place to be seen – especially if you're a D.C. politician running for office.
D.C. area guide to Fourth of July fireworks, parades, events
In addition to the festivities on the National Mall, you can pick from dozens of picnics, parades and fireworks planned this July 4. Check out our guide to what's going on around the D.C. area.
Arthur Update and Fireworks ForecastComment
A lot of fireworks displays are postponed due to hurricane Arthur, but it's looking good for the big booms in our nation's capital.
D.C. preps for holiday concert amid Hurricane Arthur
There were ominous clouds hanging over the Capitol this morning as rehearsals got underway for Friday night's concert, "A Capital Fourth."
Fireworks-related injuries are on the rise
It's a family business, and Alice McLain is at it again. This year, their fireworks stand has been up for almost two weeks:
Flight delays, road traffic back up holiday travel plans
It's the great escape at a snail's pace, as 41 million Americans take a trip this holiday weekend. And they'll face more than just a few challenges along the way.
Capital Fourth will debut new National Anthem arrangement
American composer-conductor John Williams is debuting a new arrangement of "The Star-Spangled Banner," featuring choirs, trumpets, an orchestra and cannons on the National Mall for the nation's birthday.
VRE to accommodate holiday travelers this weekend
VRE says it's making plans to accommodate riders leaving early for the holiday weekend.
Hurricane Arthur: First Hurricane of the Atlantic SeasonComment
Arthur is the first hurricane of the season and will pose the biggest threat to the Carolina coast.
Virginia State Police to step up patrols for Fourth of July weekend
Virginia State Police plan to step up patrols on state highways this Fourth of July weekend.
Metro cancels weekend maintenance for Fourth of July, trains to run on Saturday schedule
Metro says weekend work will only affect the red line over the Independence Day holiday weekend.
RecommendedRecent Facebook Activity
Only On 7
ABC7 News at 4 Now Weekdays!ABC7 is giving you MORE news in your afternoons with an extra hour, an hour earlier! Join ABC7's Leon Harris and Alison Starling for what's trending in your community and world. Every weekday afternoon at 4pm right after back to back "Hot Bench" shows at 3pm on ABC7.


text:
Vol. IV, Issue #42
Bergen CFS-FM Support Group Newsletter
Meeting Report
This summer we experimented with informal meetings in July and August. Frank Kawa assumed the helm for those gatherings and it turned out to be a successful venture. The August gathering was as large as an in-season meeting. Thanks Frank! Please note below, info regarding the next luncheon.The first meeting of the new season (see calendar) will be held on Sunday September 16th. You may have heard or noticed that the parking fees at the hospital parking lot have been reinstated at $5. Parking lot tokens will be provided, at no cost, to our attendees. The tokens will be distributed at each meeting.
You will
also find
information about the New Jersey Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Association
fall conference to be held on October. We encourage all
As you know, this newsletter is mainly distributed via email which does not incur any expenses for our readers. If you change your email, please remember to send us your new address.
A small number of people are receiving the newsletter by regular "snail mail" delivery. We are asking these people – if it is possible – to contribute $5 for the year (11 issues) to cover the mailing and to help with the printing expenses. You can send it to Pat LaRosa 243 Glen Avenue Dumont, NJ 07628. If you now have email access, please send your email address to email@example.com.
Just For Fun
Social Director, Frank Kawa, has set a date (Wednesday September 5th) for a luncheon at The Seville Diner 289 Broadway in Westwood. The group will be there from 1:30 PM until about 3 PM. Just show up. If you have any questions or wish to let Frank know you are coming, you can call Frank. He can be reached at 201-768-4111. You do not need to contact Frank to attend.
NJCFSA Conference
A brochure can be downloaded at www.njcfsa.org.
Jersey Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Association
NJCFSA Fall 2007 Conference
Podell, MD *
DATE: Sunday, October 7, 2007
TIME: 11:30 am - 4:30 pm
ADMISSION: Register by September 23: $35 Register on conference day: $45
NJCFSA HelpLine: 888-835-3677
Registration includes buffet lunch, program handouts, and free parking. For health considerations, this conference is fragrance-free, smoke-free and pet-free.
Directions to the
Sheraton: Garden State
Parkway to exit 105, Route 36 East to
Route 35 South to Industrial Way East. The Sheraton is 5 minutes from
MALCOLM SCHWARTZ, D.O., is
the Section Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology at
Podell, M.D., M.P.H.,
graduated from
Harvard Medical
School, is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and is a Clinical
Professor at
Susan M.
Levine, M.D.,
F.A.C.P., is a Board
Infectious Disease and Allergy & Immunology Specialist, with a
interest in CFS and FM. Dr. Levine has published many research papers
peer-reviewed journals; she was a contributing author to A Consensus
Manual for
the Primary Care and Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. She served
on the
Name Change Workgroup, reporting to the Federal Government committee
for CFS.
Dr. Levine collaborates with scientists from multi-disciplinary fields
national and international research studies; she presented her findings
at the
IACFS conference in
Dharam V. Ablashi, D.V.M., M.S., Dip. Bact., worked at the National Cancer Center (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for 22 years as a Research Microbiologist, Head of DNA Viruses Section and Coordinator of DNA Viruses. He is internationally known for his work on Human and Primate Herpesviruses. In 1986, he co-discovered Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). He has contributed numerous articles and co-authored two books on HHV-6. Dr. Ablashi is co-founder of the Epstein-Barr Virus Association, and the American Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - where he was President from 2003 to 2004. He was Director of Herpesvirus Programs at Advanced Biotechnologies, Inc. He has served as a consultant and advisor to many organizations, including the United Nations, WHO and NASA. Dr. Ablashi is an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University School of Medicine, and Scientific Director of the HHV-6 Foundation.
Please fill out and detach this form /
copy form for additional attendees
Daytime phone
Accommodations at the Sheraton:
To reserve a room at a discounted rate of $135 per night at the Sheraton Eatontown Hotel, please call 732-542-6500 by September 7, and refer to the NJCFSA Fall 2007 Conference.
Other hotels in the area:
Holiday Inn,
Red Roof Inn, Tinton Falls 732-389-4646
Days Inn, Wall Township 800-325-2525
NJCFSA is a non-profit organization that supports patients and their families with the following: HelpLine, website, physician and attorney referrals, current medical information, newsletter, support groups, lending library, medical conferences, fundraisers, funding for CFS research, high school student & medical school student scholarships, public education, publicity and media coverage, public policy and advocacy.
Please support the activities of NJCFSA by becoming a member
for an annual $25!
Conference registration: $35 $ ________
NJCFSA membership: $25 $ ________
Please make check payable to: NJCFSA, Inc. Your returned check will be your receipt.
Mail check and this form to:
NJCFSA Fall 2007 Conference
September 16th – Speaker - Mary J. Acevedo - Senior Attorney & Director of Outreach & Continuing
Legal Education of Legal Services of New Jersey, Inc.
October 21st - Speaker - Lesley A. Allen, Ph.D., (Psychologist) Associate Professor of Psychiatry,
November 18th - No speaker
December 16th –
Next Meeting
The next
meeting will be
Sunday September 16th at
This newsletter is intended for CFS patients in the area of this support group. The purpose is to share information and support. If you have questions about meetings please contact: Pat LaRosa at email@example.com, Nancy Visocki at email@example.com, Judy Machacek at firstname.lastname@example.com or Frank Kawa at 201-768-4111.


text:
Cheap HRO to Holy Cross flights
Popular Flights from Harrison, Arkansas
Top Harrison Flights to US Destinations
Popular Flights from Holy Cross, Alaska
Top Holy Cross Flights to US Destinations
HRO to HCR Route Map
Harrison to Holy Cross Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from Boone County Regional to Holy Cross AK.
3,298.68 miles
HRO - Boone County Regional Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Harrison (HRO) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


text:
12 Thrifty Trash to Treasure Crafts
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Bread Tag Charm Bracelet
By: Heidi Borchers
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Looking for craft supplies? Head to the grocery store! Use tags from loaves of bread to create your own Bread Tag Charm Bracelet from Heidi Borchers. Jewelry craft ideas don't get more unique or adorable than this!
- Aleene's Original Tacky Glue
- Tulip 3-D Fashion Paint (I used white)
- Bread tags
- Acrylic paint (I used black)
- Cosmetic sponge
- Bracelet supplies: chain, jump rings, closure
- If needed, twist bread tags back to original shape to remove as much gap where pieces meet at top. Apply a small dab of Aleene's Original Tacky Glue to top on both sides to close the gap. Set aside to dry completely.
- Use cosmetic sponge to apply acrylic paint to bread tag(s). Set aside to dry. Repeat to paint both sides of each piece.
- Apply small dots of 3D paint in random pattern on each tag. Set aside to dry. Repeat with back side.
- Use jump rings to attach tag charms to bracelet chain. (I also found this cool eyeglass chain at the local dollar store which will also make a great bracelet chain.
For a comprehensive video tutorial, check out How to Make a Bread Tag Charm Bracelet.
Tags / Related Topics
Your Recently Viewed Projects
Images from other crafters
Love these projects? Get MORE delivered to your Inbox – FREE Click Here!
Jul 13, 2013
I save them too, but haven't done anything with them. I'm going to try this. Wonder if you couldn't use fingernail polish for color - so many pretty colors to match the fingernails. Might have to spray them with some protective coating.
- WAS THIS HELPFUL? YesNo
May 18, 2013
Wow! I have been saving my bread tags because I just couldn't bear to have them go in a landfill somewhere. But, I really wasn't sure what I could do with them. Thanks for this unique bracelet idea!
- WAS THIS HELPFUL? YesNo
Report Inappropriate Comment
Are you sure you would like to report this comment? It will be flagged for our moderators to take action.
Thank you for taking the time to improve the content on our site.
What's Hot
- Recycled Record Roses
- Straight From The Recycle Bin DIY Wreath
- Upcycle Thrift Store Plates
- 674 Recycled Crafts: Crafting with Recyclable Items
- Kiddie Blocks Toilet Paper Roll Craft
- Reusable Crochet Scrubbies
- How to Make a Purse from Plastic Bags
- Recycled Magazine Cork Board
- Toilet Paper Roll Butterflies
- 25 Easy to Make Water Bottle Crafts
Something worth saving?
- SAVE all your favorite crafts
- ADD personal notes
- QUICKLY reference your crafts
Free eBooks
- 12 Fabulous Picnic Craft Ideas + Restaurant Copycat Recipes
- 14 Toilet Paper Roll Craft Ideas
- 17 Flower Craft Ideas: How To Make Paper Flowers, Easy Fabric Flowers and More
- 4th of July Crafts and Recipes
- Crafts for Father's Day: 36 Homemade Father's Day Gift Ideas
- Crafts for Mom: 30 Free Craft Projects for Mother's Day
- Garden Crafts
- Graduation Crafts
- How To Make Tie Dye Shirts, Dcor & More: 18 Tie Dye Patterns
- The Best Blogger Craft Ideas 2015: Home Decor Ideas, DIY Jewelry, Easy Crochet Patterns and More
Our Newest Projects & Articles
- 14 Beginner Crochet Patterns For Your Kitchen
- Craft-a-Day: 365 Simple Handmade Projects
- Jessica Potasz
- Full of Love Crochet Mason Jar Cozy Pattern
- Colorful DIY Agenda Planner
- Blinged Out DIY Cell Phone Case
- Egg Carton Flower Fairies
- Spring Flower DIY Wreath
- Ric Rac Rose Earrings
- Toilet Paper Roll Paint Stamps


text:
Museums 10 Reasons Why
Philadelphia Insurance Companies offers a comprehensive property and liability policy that addresses the unique coverage requirements of museums.
Please select state specific forms when applicable.
Excess Accident Medical Expense coverage is available for Museum accounts. This highly recommended coverage is available through a partnership between PHLY and Special Markets Insurance Consultants, Inc.
Click below to obtain information regarding a free, no obligation Accident quote.
Monday-Friday 8:30a.m - 5:00p.m. EST
Monday-Friday 8:30a.m - 8:00p.m. EST
Customer Service877.438.7459
Monday-Friday 8:30a.m - 8:00p.m. EST
Contact Us - Online
Learn how to become a PHLY producer
Bob Groff, Assistant Vice President
For new business inquiries, please call 800.873.4552 or submit an application to email@example.com.
Keep costs down by choosing industry specific Safety Programs. We'll show you how to implement Client Training Services and Risk Management Reporting that get results.
Learn More about PHLY Risk Management Services


text:
Dem booze blues
Pals brew up a business plan
Posted: July 26, 2014 at 2:13 a.m.
Last summer, August I think, Barney and I were sitting under his Corona Beer beach umbrella in his backyard with our legs dangling in his new pool.
This story is only available from our archives.
« Previous Story
A needless law
One might rightly say I write today to discriminate against a proposed anti-discrimination ordinance in the city of Fayetteville. Read »
Next Story »
Lethal injection reactions
Public support for the death penalty in the United States has declined, but it remains strong, with at least 60 percent of respondents in surveys saying that they favor cap... Read »


text:
Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's "Refresh" button). Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.
Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
Stay cool with the NewAir AF-410BK 12" vortex fan.It's unique space saving design is ideal for any setting and it's low energy draw makes it efficient.Adjust the fan head for targeted cooling and use the remote control to change the settings from anywhere in the room.. Space Saving Design . It's easy to find room for this fan! The NewAir AF-410BK 12" vortex fan offers a pedestal design that's easily converted for tabletop use. It's slender design makes this perfect option for compact spaces.. Powerful and Efficient. Enjoy 85 watts of vortex cooling with the NewAir AF-410BK 12" vortex fan. It's low energy draw makes it efficient, and the vortex motor makes it effective.. Adjustable Tilt . Target the airflow to any part of the room. The NewAir AF-410BK lets you adjust the fan head so you can direct the airflow to any part of the room, it's a custom feature for personalized use.. Remote Control. You never have to leave the comfort of your chair to operate this fan! This powerful fan includes a convenient remote control so you can change the settings form anywhere in the room.. Adjustable tilt. Convenient remote control. Adjustable height. Electronic controls. Can be used for commercial or industrial use. 3 fan speeds. Powerful vortex motor. 8 hour timer. Dimensions: H x W x L: 43.3 x 15.7 x 15.7. Projection: 500 sq. ft. coverage. Watts: 50. Voltz: 120. Amps: 0.7. Frequency: 60. Certifications: ETL. Fan Style: Tabletop , Pedestal. Product Construction: Plastic. Adjustable Tilt: Yes. Adjustable Height: Yes. Number of Speeds: 3. Remote Control: Yes. Control Type: Electronic. Timer: Yes. Timer Length: 8 hours. Built-In Air Purification System: No. Commercial/Industrial Use: Yes. Environmentally friendly. 325 square feet cooling coverage. Adjustable electronic controls. Custom controlled speed options. Perfect for small room cooling. Washable air filter
|Seller Name & Rating
|Offer Details
This item is eligible for Newegg Premier benefits. Are you a Newegg Premier Member? If not, sign up today and get:
Your request will be processed within the next 24 hours.
Please add "firstname.lastname@example.com" to your address book to ensure delivery.See Today's E-Blast Promo
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.


text:
- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
Eats.comA beautifully written treatise on the tenets of molecular gastronomy and cooking's role in modern society.
— Natalie Fasano
An internationally renowned chemist, popular television personality, and bestselling author, Hervé This heads the first laboratory devoted to molecular gastronomy—the scientific exploration of cooking and eating. By testing recipes that have guided cooks for centuries, and the various dictums and maxims on which they depend, Hervé This unites the head with the hand in order to defend and transform culinary practice.
With this new book, Hervé This's scientific project enters an exciting new phase. Considering the preparation of six bistro favorites—hard-boiled egg with mayonnaise, simple consommé, leg of lamb with green beans, steak with French fries, lemon meringue pie, and chocolate mousse—he isolates the exact chemical properties that tickle our senses and stimulate our appetites. More important, he connects the mind and the stomach, identifying methods of culinary construction that appeal to our memories, intelligence, and creativity. By showing that the creation of a meal is as satisfying as its consumption, Herve This recalibrates the balance between food and our imaginations. The result is a revolutionary perspective that will tempt even the most casual cooks to greater flights of experimentation.
Columbia University Press
— Natalie Fasano
This wonderful book by chemist/chef This continues the exploration of this profound way of looking at eating, cooking, and science.
Anyone with a passion for cooking or science is sure to find this a captivating and effortless read.
Hervé This takes virtual cliché dishes and tells you what scientific principles go into their successful preparation. His book, while erudite, allusive, precise, and full of cultural insights, also has charm, wit, and brevity.
Hervé This's major contribution is that food is an act of love and is linked to the pursuit of happiness. Building a Meal is the book of a 'bon vivant' and provides an excellent antidote to despair and depression. Its pages celebrate food and life.
A beautifully written treatise on the tenets of molecular gastronomy and cooking's role in modern society.
For those who have heard the term 'molecular gastronomy' but don't really know what it entails, this is a highly recommended book that will serve as a great starter to a relatively new subject. For everyone else it is is just highly recommended.
This wonderful book by chemist/chef This continues the exploration of this profound way of looking at eating, cooking, and science.
French chemist This, co-creator (with fellow scientist Nicholas Kurti) of the kitchen science discipline known as molecular gastronomy, offers readers a window into his world through this wide-ranging, deeply engaging scientific deconstruction of classic dishes. Those hoping to find recipes for concoctions like wasabi foam or celery "caviar" will be disappointed; This dismisses such cuisine as parlor tricks for foodies. Instead, he examines what he calls "culinary dictums," such as adding salt to water when boiling eggs or starting a stock with cold water, using science to confirm, disprove or update common kitchen wisdom. Beginning with the humble hard-boiled egg, This explains food concepts thoroughly but plainly-among them why creamy sauces "break," the proper time to salt a steak, and the importance of soaking sliced potatoes in water before French frying them. This's tour is frequently fascinating, and his digressions on a host of topics (from cooking trends to proper mayonnaise-beating etiquette to noted French mathematician Blaise Pascal) lend charm and warmth. For anyone expecting a clinical approach buttressed by equations and formulas, the biggest surprise isn't This's dedication to good old flavor, but his insistence that love is a cook's most important ingredient.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PrefaceIntroduction The Complexity of the World1. Hard-Boiled Egg with Mayonnaise2. Simple Consomme3. Leg of Lamb with Green Beans4. Steak and French Fries5. Lemon Meringue Pie6. A New Kind of Chocolate MousseLooking AheadNote-by-Note CookingReforming EducationCulinary ConstructivismConstructing a MenuThe Unending ConversationArtisans and ArtistsIndex
Columbia University Press


text:
The Holiday Cash Giveaway was a runaway success! So many people shared the game over Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Would you believe we had an average of 2,200 plays a day? Wow! That's a lot of gifts tossed into the Toys for Tots truck!
And speaking of Toys for Tots, we're pleased to hear that our $25,000 donation made many kids' and families' holidays better this season. Toys for Tots does great work all year round, and we're proud to support them!
We hope that all the winners were able to have a happier holiday with their $500 prizes! Congratulations to all of them! Check out the list of winners.
Stay tuned on our Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest profiles for our next exciting sweepstakes!
Thanks for playing and have a Happy New Year!


text:
Good going! He looks like a dandy to me.
Printable View
Good going! He looks like a dandy to me.
I just got back on here and re-read my original post. Apparently leaving Colorado just makes me sound whiney, because I was definitely not sad about the deer that I took. He is my best to date, and I was very blessed to get him. I just wanted to clear that up, since I didn't want to sound like one of those guys who kills something and then acts like he is not happy with it. I am very happy, and he is already at the taxidermist, lol. My only regret is that it is goign to be a whole year before I get to go chase animals in the mountains again!
Great buck congrats
You couldn't wipe the smile off of my face if I had killed him.
Looks like a great buck to me!
That one would work for me Engideer. Congrats.


text:
Premiere of
Sirens in Space
South Florida-based Live Performance Makers, Choreographers, Visual/Performance Artists who are interested in creating site-specific performance work…
The GRASS STAINS Application is LIVE! It's an easy submission process.
Award amount: $5000.00
Application Deadline: Monday, April 20, 2015
Project Window: January 2016-December 2016
Direct Application Link HERE.
More Information HERE.
One of the best memories I have of my mom is standing on the tops of her feet as she danced around the living room. I remember the feeling of shifting from one foot to the other, the continuity of her movements and my role as her abiding partner, neither controlling nor directing the dance but a part of it nonetheless. After she passed away, I would stand in the middle of the living room, close my eyes and try to recreate our waltz. It was never the same.
Read the full Miami Herald article HERE.
Art Loft, Episode 321