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created 2013 Jan 14


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hickory nut farms in Fairview (outskirt of Asheville) has animals, pony rides, corn maze, apples, and a pumpkin patch. it's great. It cost for the maze and to buy apples, but all was reasonable and worth it.
Asheville pumpkin patch
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Salary Search
What Where
Average HCA salaries for job postings in White Hall, WV are 12% lower than average HCA salaries for job postings nationwide.
HCA in White Hall, WV $51,000
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Louis Armstrong
Lazybones, sleepin in the sun....how you spect to get your days work done?
You cant get your days work done......sleepin in the noon day sun
Lazybones, layin in the shade....how you gonna get your cornmeal made?
You cant get no cornmeal made....sleepin in that evening shade
When taters need sprayin, I bet you keep prayin
The bugsll fall off of the vine
And when you go fishin I bet you keep wishin
Them fish dont grab your line
Lazybones, loafin all the day.....how you spect to make a dime that way?
You wont make no dime that way.....loafin in the shade all day
Composição: Hoagy Carmichael / Johnny Mercer · Esse não é o compositor? Nos avise.
Enviada por Jose
Enviada por Jose


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Gainful Employment Information
(Skills Achievement Award)
Richland only
Degree Plan Code: SA.IBUS/TRADE.03
The following Skill Achievement Awards for the International Business and Trade Associate of Applied Science Degree, International Business and Trade Certificate, or the Import-Export Certificate provide specific skills in language training recommended by business and industry. Certification is available in the following languages:
Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and/or Vietnamese
NOTE: SPAN 2316, Spanish for Business I (3 credits), or SPAN 2317, Spanish for Business II (3 credits), may be substituted for SPAN 2312 Intermediate Spanish II in the Skills Achievement Award for Spanish.
NOTE: Students enrolling in this program who plan to transfer to a four-year institution should consult with an advisor or counselor regarding transfer requirements and the transferability of these courses.
Richland College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award associate degrees. Contact the Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia 30033-4097 or call 404-679-4500 for questions about the accreditation of Richland College.
Educational opportunities are offered by the Dallas County Community College District without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, genetic information, gender identity or gender expression.


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Vroom vroom yeah I know my car sound like a T-Rex
from Meek Mill (Ft. Big Sean) – Burn Lyrics on Genius
"Vroom vroom" is onomatopoeia for a loud, fast car. Sean's car has so much horsepower, it sounds like a Dinosaur's roar. .
Coincidentally, there's already a three-wheeled vehicle known as a T-Rex. .
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Meek Mill (Ft. Big Sean) – Burn Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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OftiClMt NtvtSpsptf ' Village of —Ff«*pOf I — Freepori School OiSlrict Baldwin School O'StriC) THE FREEPOlt BALDWIN 55lhYEAR,N0.7 FREEPOKT, NEW YQRK : THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 16.1989 PRICE 25 CENTS PER COPY Cacciatore voteci Democratic Party mayoral homihee by Sue Morgan ••• U>8MMON008UtiDAiiiidiM4aksrw|iuiM)Ma grfomiOTai^aAmCeiawra Mipaiiic FKtMsunday «i)i* • Fnapoft Racnaoon Caniar. Iliay iwM praaatit a pfosrant of FreeportArls Council to celebrate HispiainiG culture , A\umi]ue Hspuuc Festivi} cclebratinjjhcnchjCBliai»L-wuUh <ii otMt ot ibe repon^ fu> fest trowifls popuUtioit ^^cg* ments. ts bong sponsored by'ibe Am CouDcU St Fr^epofi Saiur-diy. I^bnuxy 18. ki the Freqporr Recrcttion Ciflter. An oppohDO-ity 10 visit a little Ittt of Sooth ' Ainerica here 00 Long hUnd, the tytd will take pUce from 2 - 5 p.nL • Doriai! the past year, Arts Cosndl staff folklorist Nancy Solomon has been docameotii^ ," a variety of Latin Axoerkaatiadr* tions fooad on Loot Island. These range from folk mtisic such as Paerto Rican bambt y plena and Colbmbtftt vaUenato, to (rafts snch u tnstnuDent coo-stmciioD and the preparatioo of authentic foods; including onpanadas aikS ftijofcs. \Au tana have interviewed mott than 20 ifldividDab frhose cultanl cootiibuticms have enriched azxS influenced the Tt^oo. • The Art* Conndl foUval is desgned to intrbudce some of this LUin American betitage to as many residents u possible. It infi feature Htspamc fotk music. ^ U and food. Thite Latin foQc erodpx will perform; Los Macondos (Colombia): Los Pleneros de la.21 (PuertoRicoX - and Ramon Samana (Do'eumcan RepobBe). Five oaf t^enons win demoo-strste fomiture deconiion. weaving, iastnifflent constnictioD and other folk arts. In addition, a variety oX iraditjoaal foods will be availabk for sale. Freeport Village Trustee and Home Rule Party miyoral candidate Anna Jean Cacciatoie was voted to run on the Democratic line as wtU as at a Democraiic' Party ttiucus February 7 wtuch had be^n postponed from Jinu-ary 25 by a.court aaion brought by two local Democrats over the iwprding of posted notices armouncing the event. Following a meeting of Democratic voters marked l^procedu' ral confusion and sometiincs heated outbursts. Mrs. Caccia' tort^ nbii^nation was approved by 44 votes, wtuk 19 baUots i n& cated "no endorsement.** The approval of Mn: Cacciatore and ^feUow RepubGcan Chartes Meb^ ^ nnuiw-^aonuiiaUitl i c v . - V i l^ Justice ^inth 41 votes to 13 "DO endonemcnt" votes, along with-acdamatioo votes for Democials Mvvih bkots and Mary Webster, tnatee candidates, resnhs ta a . Home Rule-Democrat coalhion intbe ViUagc:^ Mardi21 dectioo. The slate had been nominated by the Home Rule Party some time aga . , Prior to the vole, several speakers t«sed the possibility of not iuuuing k lUle and asked how negative votes might be'reg-istcrcd in the absence of opposing nominees. Democrat Gene Chao charged the party leadership with "rapid maDeuvering" in ."involving itself, with a non party member,** and another voter asked wfay'DcmocraUctnt Hnd someonetrom our own ranks to representor "HThe fact that we dont regn-lariy come up with Democratic candidates is our o«:n embarass-ment," Mr., Chao asserted: adding that "^f we want to vote -for Anna Jean Cacciatore or Mehrmatm, or Dotothy Storm and company for that matter, we can do so on our Own rather than with ilus charade.* At the suggestion of Democrat Alvin Dorfsun, a former committeeman aod zone leader, that "no eodorsemeot might be a viable way of voUngl" current zone leader Jerry GerttmatHdtimately agreed to allow such votes, although -Democratic Party Counsels Gerard Terry aod Joel Asarch appeared uncertain of the legality of the move. A five year -oM ekctioii bw reqmtes the "person" elis^ble and receiving UK hii^Kst number of votes to be the nononec at a party caucus or rpmnazyWhicb most be open to aU figisicnd party voim. Howevtr, with Mrs. Cuda* tore receiving the majority of tbe vote, fnither rcseardi into the legality would appear to be back on whok neighborhoods of this village, turned iu back.oa those who can^ gain an audience to the royal court, turned its back on those who seek'only a better Freeport in favor of those who seek to better themselves at Free- - pori^ expense," Referring to herself as "a Free-pottcrwhobelic\ xsthatthcprob- , Icms created by the present adnumstration transcend traditional politics," she called upon Dcmocrata to "support the coab-tiott pulUttg Freeport together a g ^ " Promising "new energy ; directed toward out Village clccl-ric to keep low eost power for alt the people^ and a "new commitment to our communities cri^led by crack and crtsse," Mrs. Cao^ore called for "a_ ' bodget balanced by (bcal integrity and not by a dangerous game of mayoral monopoly with Vil-tace piopcny." She toU The Leader she would favor a "headhunt" for a profes- » » . » . - « . , . «, -... ^-.r,--.-,.r. »ooaI manager to run the Village who cited her negii^*N«*MlOw«**«**^ ' ^ Mayorli salary by the j e e t o i -bodiEr-afetM^^^n»»lf t^ cutting "Ue r?g*I trap-what he termed "fictionar pmp. of office." With such an revcnoe from the sak of the arrangement.sbesaid,the mayor mooicipal s^M'"r'. and the sak *od trustees would set Village ofaportionoftheparctliorive Policy and^ the admimstrator Countka Carting for truck «or- »o«W cany it out. "gaining savage and calkd her "a watchdog —ingjabd cffickocy." Mn. Cacciatore was placed in numiatioa by Mr. Oerstman. of what's going on in thb Village.- ^ Despite some opposition, M rs. •Cacciatore was greeted by entho-siastjc applause U'she accepted the nomination, pkdj^ng that "we will not remain nleot whik Freeport b.puUed apart" by drop, crime, hish taxes, and "an administration that has turned its 1 t l u n ^ is important to note that the Republican Party Leadership chose not to endorse the incumbent mayor ^ in ibis election." Mrs. Cacciatore told Democrats. "We can speculate a great deal about -m^xy. but certainly one possibiHty is that tbey wanted no part of her administratioa" Baldwin Schools begin budget review by Joan Dtlaney No open Board Meeting scheduled February 27 A headline and artick in hut week^ Leader indicated that the next pobUc meeting oTFrccpori^ Board of Trustees would take place Febntary 27. iriien to fsct There wiU be no Board meeting od February 20. Presidem^ Day, and the February 27 mcctiog^wiB be a kpslaiive session ooly, bepmiing at 730 puoL The^ ; an <qicajDeeting wi&ooi-beheM^"- Lca^tfapoloptes'for the errof. until Monday, March 6. at S p-m. The Baldwin Boardxtf Education began iu Grst pubfic review of the 1989^ school bodges at a specttl meeting beU on Wednesday cvenlni. Fcbtoaxy 8. SupcrinteDdent of Schools Gene Lanzaro. Board President Lorraine Ddler and As&stani Soperinieadcnt for Business Lee Cl^pman stresud^ that the numbers pracBted rdkcted a "working docnroenL" Mr. Lanzaro iu>ted that the proposal was nothcr a "wish fist* nor a final document hot did refkct ngsift-cani. fiody-aad-i^ioi^&ng;^ adnnnittration prtviotis to iu presentatiotL The discusdoo uidaded codes mvotviitg Che Board of Edoca-tioo, Dt^ict Onice, Bosiaess, the personnel department, public— informatioa. operation and ~" trmiTTtfT*'-*'? as wen as traxupor-ution. commututy services and various "oadistriboted" items pertaisisg to retirement, social security, workman^ eompensa-tioo. unemployment insuraoce, disability insurance, hospiul, medical and dental issoxance aitd various bond and tax astkipiH tion note*. Not ^ ^scossed was the largest portioo of the bodget pertaining to instruction^ai^ -xujiieBlom. ,---^-=-" " Ckarly cndent was the Board and Administiation^ desire to mainttin its commiTment to the conmuDity relative to the upgrading, maintenance. lEod preventative maintenance of boildingi and grounds. When the community was tsked to support a bond for major repairs and mv-ovations several yean ago aod when several school district properties were' sold, the community was protmsed that sufti-cienx momcs would be aOotcd eadi year so that the coiMlitions of the bmldinp and groTu»b wouU not dctcrioiate to require sixh massive . expenses again. ,Mn-^DHW nn«id^'«id"-Mr.- - Chapman stressed that in tbe past, many momdpahtks tended
Object Description
|This is a Newspaper distributed locally within the Village of Freeport and Baldwin.
|Linda Toscano
|L & M Publications, Inc.
|Scanned by Imaging & Microfilm Access, Inc. (Bohemia, NY 11716)
|Freeport Memorial Library
|United States
|This digital image may be freely used for educational uses, as long as it is not altered in any way. No commercial reproduction or distribution of this image is permitted without written permission of the Freeport Memorial Library, 144 W. Merrick Road, Freeport, NY 11520 or email: email@example.com
|This is a Newspaper distributed locally within the Village of Freeport and Baldwin.
|Linda Toscano
|L & M Publications, Inc.
|Scanned by Imaging & Microfilm Access, Inc. (Bohemia, NY 11716)
|Freeport Memorial Library
|United States
|This digital image may be freely used for educational uses, as long as it is not altered in any way. No commercial reproduction or distribution of this image is permitted without written permission of the Freeport Memorial Library, 144 W. Merrick Road, Freeport, NY 11520 or email: firstname.lastname@example.com
' Village of
—Ff«*pOf I —
School OiSlrict
School O'StriC)
55lhYEAR,N0.7 FREEPOKT, NEW YQRK : THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 16.1989 PRICE 25 CENTS PER COPY
Cacciatore voteci Democratic
Party mayoral homihee
by Sue Morgan
••• U>8MMON008UtiDAiiiidiM4aksrw|iuiM)Ma
grfomiOTai^aAmCeiawra Mipaiiic FKtMsunday «i)i* •
Fnapoft Racnaoon Caniar. Iliay iwM praaatit a pfosrant of
FreeportArls Council to
celebrate HispiainiG culture
, A\umi]ue Hspuuc Festivi}
Add tags for The-Leader_1989-02-16_001
Post a Comment for The-Leader_1989-02-16_001


text:
Local business leader: Camille Habeeb Hojnacki
Owner of Camille's Original Jewelry Designs has been in business for 35 years
CORPUS CHRISTI - Camille Habeeb Hojnacki
Owner, Camille's Original Jewelry Designs
Address: 6345 S. Padre Island Drive, Corpus Christi, 78412
Phone: 361-991-0831
Web site: www.camillesoriginal.com
Company description: Retail jewelry store specializing in custom jewelry design and creation
Hometown: Corpus Christi
Years in business: 35
Tenure in position: 35 years
Education: King High School, 1971; attended Texas A&I University in Kingsville, St. Thomas University in Houston.
First job: I was raised in our family jewelry business. When I was in high school, I also worked at the Santa Fe Pharmacy. It was a great experience learning how to deal with customers and their needs. I then worked with my parents, expanding my knowledge of the jewelry industry, and learning how to create original jewelry through my love of design. My father taught me the basics and I began my designing career working in silver using the lost wax method of casting.
Biggest career break: God blessed me with wonderful parents and, with their financial help and guidance, I opened Camille's in January 1975. Its location, next door to Habeeb's Jewelers, was perfect because my parents were there to help and support me. They taught me the importance of caring about every customer. In 1978, I married Wayne Hojnacki and he took on the responsibilities of the business finances and loose diamond sales.
Business turning point: At first, I did a lot of local and out-of-town art shows to sell my work. After about three years, I had enough business that I needed help. I have been blessed with a wonderful team of designers and jewelers. Tawnya LaPointe has been designing intricate jewelry with me for more than 30 years. Lisa Ruff, also a specialty designer, can turn a block of wax into a masterpiece. Eddie Rivera has been doing my stone setting and bench work for more than 20 years. David Galvan and Arnold Dominguez are also bench jewelers who take great pride in their work.
Business philosophy: To do business with honesty and provide exceptional personal service. My customers often become my friends and my business has grown by word of mouth. I believe that knowledge and understanding of my customers' needs is of utmost importance and plays a major part in the success of my designs. Customer satisfaction always has been our first priority. Now, we are serving multiple generations of many families.
How would you improve the Coastal Bend's business climate?
Often, small businesses get lost in the competition of huge national corporations. If owners would help each other with referrals and networking, they could promote their own operations as well as others throughout our community. The Coastal Bend has great potential for expansion through tourism. With a well-developed plan, we could have many more visitors as well as new businesses in the area.
How has your business changed with today's economic climate?
The recession has put a damper on all of our lives. I realize that jewelry is a luxury item, not a necessity, but I am committed to fill the needs of my customers. No matter how small the project, we will do our best in hopes that the economy will turn around soon. Customers can choose to bring me old, broken pieces of jewelry to have something unique made for them that they will treasure anew.


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Design of Marina One joint venture between Temasek and Khazanah unveiled
Published on Feb 19, 2013 3:16 PM
The prime ministers of Singapore and Malaysia unveiled the design of an upcoming joint venture project in the republic's central business district on Tuesday.
The Marina One development, a joint venture between Temasek Holdings and Khazanah Nasional, will be designed by Christoph Ingenhoven, an architect known for green and sustainable buildings, including Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California.
Tan Sri Azman Yahya chairman of M+S, the developer set up by Temasek and Khazanah, said: "We wanted a design which would be a convergence of the energy and vibrancy of the new central business district."
Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong described Marina One as very important for both Singapore and Malaysia. He said it would be "an iconic project in our new business district for many more years to come".
To continue reading, log in if you are a subscriber
Enjoy 2 weeks of unlimited digital access to The Straits Times. Get your free access now!
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Cheap BMI to St. Cloud flights
Popular Flights from Bloomington, Illinois
Top Bloomington Flights to US Destinations
Top Bloomington International Destinations
Popular Flights from St. Cloud, Minnesota
BMI to STC Route Map
Bloomington to St. Cloud Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from Central Illinois Regional to St. Cloud Regional.
435.92 miles
BMI - Central Illinois Regional Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Bloomington (BMI) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


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AMD Shanghai Opteron: Linux vs. OpenSolaris Benchmarks
In January we published a review of the AMD Shanghai Opteron CPUs on Linux when we looked at four of the Opteron 2384 models. The performance of these 45nm quad-core workstation/server processors were great when compared to the earlier AMD Barcelona processors on Ubuntu Linux, but how is their performance when running Sun's OpenSolaris operating system? Up for viewing today are dual AMD Shanghai benchmarks when running OpenSolaris 2008.11, Ubuntu 8.10, and a daily build of the forthcoming Ubuntu 9.04 release.
9 February 2009 - 106 Comments
AMD Shanghai Opteron CPUs On Linux
Last quarter AMD introduced their "Shanghai" Opteron processors that join the ranks of Intel's Harpertown Xeon CPUs that are 45nm quad-core server/workstation parts. Initial reviews of these new AMD Opteron processors have been very positive, but how do these chips perform with Linux? In this article we have our hands on a few of the fastest Shanghais, the AMD Opteron 2384 clocked at 2.7GHz, as we see how well they compare to the older "Barcelona" Opteron processors.
2 January 2009 - 23 Comments
Intel Atom On Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSuSE, Mandriva
Back in September we looked at the Intel Atom performance on a few Linux distributions using the ASUS Eee PC 901, but now with new stable releases of some of the most popular distributions out in the wild, we've decided to re-conduct these tests. We are using a slightly different Atom-based system this time and we are comparing the performance on Ubuntu 8.10, Fedora 10, Mandriva 2008, and OpenSuSE 11.1.
14 December 2008 - 20 Comments
HD Video Playback With A $20 CPU & $30 GPU On Linux
A month ago NVIDIA had introduced the Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix (VDPAU) that brought PureVideo-like features to Linux. Our initial benchmarks of this video decoding API within NVIDIA's binary driver were quite favorable as it was able to dramatically cut down on the CPU usage when playing H.264 video files. To see how well NVIDIA's VDPAU really is though, we have carried out some more thorough testing now and our hardware consists of a CPU we purchased for $20 USD and a NVIDIA GeForce graphics card that retails for just $30. Can this very low-end hardware manage to play high definition videos under Linux?
11 December 2008 - 34 Comments
Intel Atom Disk Encryption Performance
While the ASUS Eee PC 901 doesn't have its solid-state disk drives encrypted by default, if you are storing any potentially sensitive information on this netbook -- or any mobile device for that matter -- you really should encrypt the data. When you lose a mobile device or it has been stolen, it can be a nightmare if your banking information was stored on there or even just passwords to your Internet accounts. However, what is the performance cost for fully encrypting a hard drive on one of these Intel Atom computers? In this article we are looking at the performance impact of fully encrypting the solid-state storage versus an unencrypted LVM within Ubuntu Linux.
6 September 2008 - 11 Comments
Intel Core 2 Duo E8400
Back in March we had looked at the Intel Core 2 Duo T9300 mobile processor with its Penryn core and 6MB of shared L2 cache between its two cores clocked at 2.50GHz. We were very pleased with the performance of this mobile processor on Linux, which was found within a Lenovo ThinkPad T61 notebook, and today we are looking at the Penryn's desktop counterpart. Intel's Core 2 Duo "Wolfdale" E8000 series processors were released earlier this year with 6MB of L2 cache, 45nm manufacturing, a 1333MHz FSB, and support for SSE 4.1. The processor from the Wolfdale series we are looking at today under Linux is the Core 2 Duo E8400.
1 July 2008 - 12 Comments
AMD Opteron 2356 Dual Quad-Core
When looking at the AMD Phenom 9500 under Linux, we had found this processor had posed a number of issues from kernel panics to other troubles when running Ubuntu 7.10 with the Linux 2.6.22 kernel. Once, however, upgrading to Ubuntu 8.04 with the Linux 2.6.24 kernel these problems had vanished and we were pleased by this native quad-core desktop processor from AMD. Released a month prior to the first Phenom desktop CPUs were the quad-core Opteron 2300 "Barcelona" processors. We hadn't looked at any AMD Barcelona processors at that time, but today we finally have our hands on two of the new AMD Opteron 2356 server/workstation processors. The Opteron 2356 CPUs come clocked at 2.30GHz, and is a revision B3 Opteron meaning that it has a proper fix for the TLB erratum -- this model was introduced only earlier this month. We have benchmarked the new Opteron 2356 in both single and dual CPU configurations and have compared the results -- under Linux -- to two of Intel's quad-core Xeon processors.
15 April 2008 - 11 Comments
Intel Core 2 Duo T9300 "Penryn"
For a year now Intel has been flaunting its 45nm "Penryn" processor core with its SSE4 instruction set, High-K metal gate transistors, and 6MB of L2 cache. Most of the Penryn media attention has been focused upon the desktop Core 2 processors, but in January at the 2008 Consumer Electronic Show Intel had rolled out sixteen new products and a dozen of them were mobile oriented. Among these Intel innovations were the first mobile Penryn processors. These mobile Intel 45nm CPUs accompanied the Penryn desktop line-up that first began in November of 2007 with Core 2 Extreme QX9650 and then continued with several new Core 2 Quad and Core 2 Duo models. On the server front, the Penryn equivalent is Harpertown and those quad-core Xeon processors have been shipping for the same length of time. Today we are focusing upon the Intel Penryn performance on the mobile front as we explore the Core 2 Duo T9300. The Core 2 Duo T9300 is running inside a Lenovo ThinkPad T61 notebook and we have compared its performance against earlier Centrino-based ThinkPads as we look at how this latest Intel processor performs with Ubuntu Linux.
27 March 2008 - 6 Comments
AMD Phenom 32-bit vs. 64-bit Linux
Since publishing our Linux review of the AMD Phenom 9500 on the Spider platform a month ago, we have continued in our investigation of this first AMD desktop quad-core processor that has been very problematic with Ubuntu 7.10 Linux. Fortunately though this support isn't stagnate and a better picture is painted when using the latest development builds of Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy Heron" with the Linux 2.6.24 kernel. Per reader requests, we have carried out additional benchmarks of the Phenom 9500 to compare its 32-bit and 64-bit Linux performance.
11 February 2008 - 19 Comments
AMD Phenom 9500 Linux Performance
Have you recently upgraded to AMD's Spider platform with their quad-core Phenom processor and are running Linux? If so, and are experiencing kernel panics, stability problems, and even a psychedelic Ubuntu logo, you're not alone. Earlier this week we had looked at AMD's new 790FX Chipset under Linux and now it's time to deliver the world's first Linux benchmarks of AMD's Spider platform. However, getting to the point of delivering these Linux benchmarks wasn't exactly smooth sailing. In this article, we'll be looking at the AMD Phenom 9500 performance under Ubuntu 7.10 as well as sharing our experiences with this new AMD platform.
5 January 2008 - 51 Comments
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A capture detection algorithm in which atrial capture is detected and distinguished. Further, an immediate measurement of the capture threshold is implemented when a pacemaker switches a lead's polarity from bipolar to unipolar in response to a detected lead failure, in either one or both chambers. Atrial chamber reset (ACR) and AV conduction (AVC), implemented to measure an atrial pacing threshold, are comparatively measured to enable measurement of the atrial pacing threshold. The data that is used to choose between ACR and AVC methods is used to determine the progression of the patient's disease state. Some of the significant aspects of the invention include enablement of accurate threshold measurements, including calculation of stability criteria, precise interval measurements and the use of reference interval to determine capture and loss of capture.
1. An implantable cardiac stimulation device, comprising:
an atrial sensing circuit;
an atrial pacing circuit; and
a control circuit comprising:
means for determining a time interval between sensed atrial depolarizations of a first cardiac cycle;
means for establishing a loss of capture window during a second cardiac cycle, the loss of capture window including a negative sensing interval within a reference A-A time interval corresponding to the time interval determined for the first cardiac cycle, wherein the negative sensing interval ends coincident with the end of the reference A-A time interval, and a positive sensing interval of approximately the same duration as the negative sensing interval, wherein the positive sensing interval begins coincident with the end of the reference A-A time interval;
means for causing the atrial pacing circuit to deliver an atrial test pulse of a predetermined energy during the second cardiac cycle, the test pulse being delivered within the reference A-A time interval and prior to the negative sensing interval;
means for determining whether a next sensed atrial depolarization that immediately follows the atrial test pulse occurs within the loss of capture window; and
means for determining whether the atrial test pulse energy is above or below a capture threshold based upon a determination as to whether the next sensed atrial depolarization occurred within the loss of capture window.
2. The device of
means for causing the atrial pacing circuit to deliver another atrial test pulse of an increased predetermined energy during a third cardiac cycle and within the reference A-A interval if the next sensed atrial depolarization occurred within the loss of capture window.
3. The device of
means for conducting three consecutive test cycles wherein each test cycle is constituted by the atrial pacing circuit delivering an atrial test pulse of a predetermined energy during each of three consecutive cardiac cycles and within a reference A-A interval and the means for determining whether the atrial test pulse energy is above or below a capture threshold; and
means for determining an existence of a stable atrial capture based upon at least two of the three atrial test pulses being above the capture threshold.
4. The device of
means for calculating a pacing pulse energy safety margin; and
means for causing the atrial pacing circuit to deliver stimulation pulses at an energy level of the above threshold atrial test pulse plus the pacing pulse energy safety margin.
The present invention generally relates to implantable pacemakers and defibrillators and more particularly to a method and apparatus for testing and detecting capture of the heart in both chambers of the heart, deriving and storing stimulation signal threshold data, and adjusting stimulation signal energy for energy efficiency.
As described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,643, incorporated herein by reference, a cardiac pacemaker is an electrical device implemented to rectify an abnormal heart's natural pacing function by delivering appropriately timed electrical stimulation signals designed to cause the myocardium of the heart to depolarize. Stimulation pulses provided by implanted pacemakers usually have well-defined amplitude and pulse width characteristics both of which can be adjusted by remote programming and telemetry equipment to meet physiologic and device power conservation needs of the particular therapy regimen of a patient.
The amplitude and pulse width of the pacing pulses must be of such a magnitude above the stimulation threshold to maintain capture so as to prevent serious complications. Yet, it is desirable that these pacing output parameters are no higher than a reasonable safety margin above the stimulation threshold in order to prolong battery life. The patient's stimulation thresholds in the atrium and ventricle often fluctuate in the short term, and gradually change over the long term. Clinical experience has shown that the lowest stimulation threshold is observed immediately after implantation of the pacemaker. Inflammation of the cardiac tissue around the tip of the pacing lead electrode can drive the stimulation threshold up sharply during the first two to six weeks after implant to its highest level, depending on the lead used. When the stimulation threshold rises, a greater pacing pulse magnitude is required to effect capture. Some of the inflammation reduces over the long-term, to lower the threshold below the peak level, to the chronic threshold level. However, the chronic threshold usually never is as low as the acute level, since some permanent fibrous tissue remains around the electrode tip. Thus, care must be taken to ensure output levels are programmed to magnitudes that maintain capture. On a daily basis, thresholds may decrease with exercise, for example, and may increase with various activities, including sleep. Consequently, the safety margin is typically set by the physician on implantation of the pacemaker to accommodate projected maximal stimulation thresholds and may be adjusted manually by the physician or automatically by the pacemaker to accommodate these changes during follow-up sessions.
As described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,310, incorporated herein by reference, the post-operative determination of the stimulation thresholds by the physician typically requires the patient to be connected to surface ECG equipment while a threshold routine is conducted using the pacemaker programmer. The pacemaker programmer successively reprograms the pulse width and/or amplitude on a temporary basis to ascertain the points at which capture is lost. The pacing pulses are observed on a display or paper tracing as spikes, and capture or loss of capture is observed by the presence or absence of the evoked cardiac response wave shape (a P-wave or an R-wave) that follows each spike. At loss of capture, the programmed pacing pulse may be immediately restored so that the patient does not experience syncope. A strength-duration curve may be plotted from the resulting threshold data. The resulting threshold data may then be used to permanently reprogram the pulse magnitude. Naturally, such periodic patient studies are time-consuming and expensive to conduct. Moreover, they do not provide an indication of stimulation threshold fluctuation over the course of a patient's day and levels of activity. If, however, the pacing pulse is of a greater magnitude than necessary to meet these changing levels of activity, the life of the implantable pulse generator (IPG) is shortened as the battery is depleted.
As a result of these considerations, a great deal of effort has been expended over many years to develop IPGs with the capability of automatically testing the stimulation threshold, i.e. providing an "auto-capture" detection function, and resetting the pacing pulse magnitude to exceed the threshold by a safety margin without the need for clinical or patient intervention. A wide variety of approaches have been taken, for example, in commonly assigned '310 and '643 patents and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,165,404, 5,165,405, 5,172,690, 5,222,493 and 5,285,780.
In such IPGs, the capture detection approaches have taken a variety of forms typically in an attempt to overcome the difficulty in detecting the evoked cardiac response waveform shape from the pacing electrodes employed to deliver the pacing pulse. A high energy pacing pulse and the ensuing after-potentials and electrode/tissue polarization artifacts may mask the evoked response, and may also saturate the sense amplifiers coupled to the electrodes, until they dissipate. By the time that the sense amplifier is no longer blinded, the evoked response, if any, has typically passed the electrodes. Many of these approaches include blanking intervals for the sense amplifiers. Such approaches are combined with other efforts to suppress, attenuate, or compensate electronically for the composite post-delivery signal levels at the sense amplifier to shorten the saturation period (and the blanking interval) as much as possible.
Alternatively, the use of separate "far-field" EGM amplifiers and electrode systems from those "near-field" electrode systems used in delivering the pacing pulse have been proposed in, for example, the above referenced '310 patent.
In a further approach, one or more physiologic sensors that show a response to the mechanical action of the heart, e.g. a piezoelectric or impedance sensor, or a response that shows changes in physical properties of the blood when the heart is captured, e.g. blood pH, temperature, impedance or blood pressure sensors on the pacing lead have also been suggested as disclosed by the above referenced '643 patent.
The function and accuracy of the these approaches are impacted by one or more of factors including, but not limited to: myopotentials (electrical signals which are the product of muscle movement) in the case of EGMs; stray electromagnetic interference (EMI); problems with the sensor sensitivity (either too sensitive or not sensitive enough); and, in the case of pressure sensors, variations of the sensed electrical signals as a result of changes in thoracic pressure (for example, due to respiration, coughing or sneezing).
Further, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,615 issued to Markowitz et al, which is incorporated herein in its entirety, another approach is disclosed. Atrial loss of capture (ALOC) in response to an A-pace test stimulus is determined by the absence of a detected ventricular depolarization (V-event) in the latter portion of the paced AV delay interval following the delivery of the A-pace test stimulus. In another approach for use in the atrium in patients having regular measured sinus rhythm, premature A-pace test stimuli are delivered. The presence or absence of a sensed A-event at the end of the measured sinus escape interval determines whether capture or loss of capture at the test stimulus is present.
In regard to the prior art known to the inventors, with the exception of the '615 patent, it is necessary to rely on additional components and circuitry that consume more energy and add to the bulk and cost of the system in addition to reliability concerns. Further additional components and circuitry are increased in dual chamber pacemakers, for example, where the difficulty of detecting the evoked P-wave is further complicated by its relatively low amplitude. Hence, there is a need for an apparatus and method to distinguish between the presence or absence of sinus node disease (SND) and/or AV conduction block. There is a further need for yet another apparatus and method that would enable to indicate and evaluate the presence or absence of atrial capture.
The present invention provides a cardiac pacemaker with a capture detection algorithm in which atrial capture may be detected and distinguished without adding other components to the device. In addition, the present invention describes a method for an immediate measurement of the capture threshold whenever a pacemaker switches a lead's polarity from bipolar to unipolar in response to a detected lead failure in either one or both chambers.
Specifically, the present invention provides an Atrial Chamber Reset (ACR) method that functions in dual chamber pacemakers implanted in patients with some form of AV block and a healthy sinus node. ACR instructs the atrial output circuitry to emit atrial test pulses on a periodic basis at varying energies to determine the minimum magnitude of the test pulse that captures the atrial myocardium. ACR confirms atrial capture due to an atrial test pace by an interruption of a "stable" sinus rhythm previously observed in the patient.
The present invention also provides an AV Conduction (AVC) method that is specifically aimed at patients with an intact AV node. The normal pattern of pacing in such patients is atrial pace (AP) followed by ventricular sense (VS). AVC also uses atrial test pulses that, in this method, gradually drop from high to low energies or from low to high energies until loss of atrial capture (LOAC) occurs. "Backup" atrial paces will, however, immediately capture and restore AV synchrony after LOAC due to atrial test pulses. LOAC is marked by an interruption in the stable ventricular sensed rhythm that had been present following the previous atrial paced rhythm.
The present invention also provides means for determining the use of the AVC or ACR methods without user intervention. Prior to each test attempt, the algorithm determines which method is most likely to successfully measure an atrial pacing threshold in any given patient at any given time. By storing the data that led to the choice between methods, the present invention furnishes information to the user about the progression of the patient's disease state.
Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method for an immediate measurement of pacing thresholds on either one or both leads whenever a lead failure is detected. This invention makes use of whatever current method the pacemaker may use to detect lead failure(s) and then to automatically determine pacing threshold(s) by whatever current method the pacemaker uses.
The present invention may be applied to a multi-programmable DDD(R) IPG, ICD, or other cardiac Implantable Medical Device (IMD) by simply storing the operating algorithm in hardware memory to periodically perform atrial threshold measurements. One of the novel aspects of the present invention is that it clearly defines what is required to ensure accurate threshold measurements, including calculation of the stability criteria, precise interval measurements, and the use of reference interval versus test intervals to determine capture and loss of capture. No additional circuitry, sensors or other components are necessary to practice these methods. The IPG is effectively reconfigured to apply atrial stimuli at varying pulse widths and amplitudes and to process these signals in order to declare atrial capture or LOAC. The part of the present invention that tests for a "failed" lead may be used in single or dual chamber devices and requires no further hardware. It simply stores for immediate use the operating algorithm Atrial Pacing Threshold Search (APTS) via the ACR or AVC methods for the atrium or Ventricular Pacing Threshold Search (VPTS) for the ventricle. This is implemented to effect threshold measurements whenever a suspected lead failure is detected and the device changes from the bipolar to unipolar operation on the implanted atrial or ventricular lead.
The present invention further includes software programs for executing methods and process described herein. The invention includes pacemakers with processors implementing the software programs/algorithms tailored to perform and execute the methods and process disclosed herein.
Disposed generally near the distal end of leads 14 are one or more exposed conductive electrodes for receiving electrical cardiac signals and/or for delivering electrical pacing stimuli to heart 16. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, leads 14 may be implanted with their distal end(s) situated in the atrium and/or ventricle of heart 16, in positions commonly known to those skilled in the state of the art such as, the apex of the right ventricle, atrial appendage, coronary sinus, among others.
Although the present invention will be described herein in an embodiment which includes a pacemaker, those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure will appreciate that the present invention may be advantageously practiced in connection with numerous other types of IMD systems, and indeed in any application in which it is desirable to provide a method to determine atrial thresholds in a dual chamber IMD.
Also depicted in
Referring to
An articulating display screen 64 is disposed on the upper surface of housing 60. Display screen 64 folds down into a closed position (not shown) when programmer 20 is not in use, thereby reducing the size of programmer 20 and protecting the display surface of display 64 during transportation and storage thereof.
A floppy disk drive is disposed within housing 60 and is accessible via a disk insertion slot (not shown). A hard disk drive is also disposed within housing 60, and a hard disk drive activity indicator, (e.g., an LED, not shown) is provided to give a visible indication of hard disk activation.
As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, it is often desirable to provide a means for determining the status of the patient's conduction system. Programmer 20 is equipped with external connectors 24 that may be used to connect to pads placed on the patient's body to detect ECG tracings from the implanted ECG leads.
In accordance with the present invention, programmer 20 is equipped with an internal printer (not shown) so that a hard copy of a patient's ECG or of graphics displayed on the programmer's display screen 64 can be generated. Several types of printers, such as the AR-100 printer available from General Scanning Co., are known and commercially available.
In the perspective view of
As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, display screen 64 is operatively coupled to the computer circuitry disposed within housing 60 and is adapted to provide a visual display of graphics and/or data under control of the internal computer.
Programmer 20 described herein with reference to
Further referring to
As previously noted, stimulation control circuit 21 includes central processing unit 32 which may be an off-the-shelf programmable microprocessor or micro controller, but in the present invention is a custom integrated circuit. Although specific connections between CPU 32 and other components of stimulation control circuit 21 are not shown in
With continued reference to
It is to be understood that the various components of pulse generator 10 depicted in
Stimulating pulse output circuit 26, which functions to generate cardiac stimuli under control of signals issued by CPU 32, may be, for example, of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,868 to Thompson, entitled Body Stimulator Output Circuit, which patent is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Again, however, it is believed that those of ordinary skill in the art could select from among many various types of prior art pacing output circuits that would be suitable for the purposes of practicing the present invention.
Sense amplifier circuit 25, which is of conventional design, functions to receive electrical cardiac signals from leads 14 and to process such signals to derive event signals reflecting the occurrence of specific cardiac electrical events, including atrial contractions (P-waves) and ventricular contractions (R-waves). CPU provides these event-indicating signals to CPU 32 for use in controlling the synchronous stimulating operations of pulse generator 10 in accordance with common practice in the art. In addition, these event-indicating signals may be communicated, via uplink transmission, to external programming unit 20 for visual display to a physician or clinician.
Those familiar with the art understand the manner in which thresholds are taken that involve a two-point test. Typically, a two-point test requires the determination of the rheobase point and then the chronaxie point. Because physiological changes in the patient may alter the thresholds from the initial measured value or values, good medical practice dictates that a safety margin be maintained. The calculation of an automatic safety margin after the determination of a rheobase and chronaxie that provide atrial or ventricular capture utilizes methods similar to those used in the Medtronic� Kappa� 700 pacing device. Each measured threshold may be multiplied by a predetermined safety margin, as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,525 issued to Powell, et al. In that patient the pacemaker chooses the voltage-pulse width pair having a lower associated current drain as the pacing output that is compliant with the desired safety margin.
In addition to a two-point test, the present invention may also use a single point determination of capture. That is, either a sequential search method to change the amplitude to determine rheobase alone, or a change of the pulse width to calculate chronaxie alone may be implemented. Thus, the one point test is a measurement of only either the rheobase or the chronaxie. Under this approach, either threshold value may be multiplied by a predetermined safety margin to obtain the desired output pulse.
During an ACR and AVC threshold test, a sequential search is used to calculate the point at which capture is lost or gained. To determine either rheobase or chronaxie, a sequential search can start at either the highest or lowest value of pulse amplitude or pulse width and continue through the range of middle values until it reaches the opposite pole. For example, a sequential search may start at the lowest amplitude and proceed to the highest amplitude setting, or from highest to lowest to arrive at rheobase 36. In the alternate, to determine chronaxie 38, the sequential search can start at the highest PW and go to the lowest, or search from lowest to highest. To ensure an accurate threshold measurement, each method requires that atrial capture or loss of capture be present in at least two of three successive cardiac sequences.
During ACR, a relatively stable sinus-driven rhythm is present. ACR is intended for use with those patients who have a "stable" sinus rhythm. ACR is complementary to the AVC method in that patients do not usually have both SND and AV block. In ACR, if APt pulse 48 is subthreshold, the subsequent AS 47 occurs at the previous, stable interval (see
A-A interval 46 represents the last in a series of stable atrial rhythm intervals. In the example shown, A-A intervals 46 at 955 ms and 50 at 1038 ms have approximately the same duration. After capture by an APt pulse 48, the return A-A interval 50 is usually a little longer than the reference A-A interval 46. This is due to the time it takes for the atrial depolarization wave (typically initiated by the atrial electrode lodged in the atrial appendage) to travel to and reset the SA node, plus the time for the next sinus-initiated wave to travel from the SA node to the atrial electrode. During the previous several seconds, the sequential sweep operation had increased the output of APt pulse until it captures the atrium at 48. At this time, the stable atrial rhythm is also interrupted only to resume again at end of interval 50. This interruption by an early APt pulse, followed by resumption of the previous stable rhythm at or close to the previous rate, determines the magnitude of the atrial output pulse required to capture the atrium.
AS (expected) 52 will occur at 60 bpm, if the atrium is not captured and reset by APt pulse 48. The continuation of atrial sensed interval 46 (for example, at an interval of 60 bpm or 1000 ms) indicates continued loss of capture by APt pulse 48. If on the other hand, the interval is shorter, that is, for example at 100 bpm or 600 ms, capture of the atrium by APt pulse 48 has clearly occurred. When sensed, the algorithm can easily detect the absence of AS (expected) 52.
In addition to the above, the algorithm must also take into account the normal physiologic variation in a patient's sinus rhythm. To accommodate this variation, interval 54 starts 10 bpm faster than the previous AS-AS interval, which in this example would be 60 minus 70 bpm (or 1000 minus 857 ms). Interval 54 may also be described as a "negative" sensing interval, and may never be less than 62.5 ms. Interval 56, on the other hand, may be described as a "positive" sensing interval and is generally of the same duration as the "negative" interval. Intervals 54 and 56, taken together, can be termed the "LOC detection window." Atrial events sensed in the LOC detection window mean that the atrial test pace did not capture the atrium. As a result, if no AS (expected) event 52 occurs in the LOC detection window, the atrial pulse output will be increased on the next sequential sweep. Interval 58 is a blanking interval following an atrial pace during which the atrial sense amplifier is unable to sense any electrical activity in the atrium. Interval 50, started by APt pulse 48, corresponds roughly in duration to interval 46, signifying atrial capture that reset the atrium. Thereafter, the cycle will start again. The stability of the atrial rhythm must again be established before another APt pulse 48 is delivered or ACR is terminated when at least two of three test paces have captured. Once at least two of three test paces have captured the atrium, a safety margin can be calculated and put into effect.
Further referring to
Interval 82 is the period during which the ventricular sense amplifier is blanked after Atrial backup pace 68. This is a function of the ventricular circuitry. Any ventricular event occurring during interval 84 is most likely due to cross talk. Any ventricular event occurring during interval 84 is ignored.
Interval 86 is the ventricular sensing window during which the algorithm looks for a sensed ventricular event. The algorithm assumes that any such sensed event during interval 86 is due to APt pulse 66. Further, any such ventricular sensed event would mean that the atrium had been captured and that the depolarization wave continues, from there, to the AV node and on to the ventricles. The duration of interval 86 is based on previous AP-VS intervals prior to the AVC operation. Interval 86 should be short enough to be specific in order to allow sensing of only those conducted events initiated by APt pulse 66. Further, interval 86 should be long enough to accommodate the normal variations in conduction time that occur. Interval 88 represents a variation in conduction from either APt pulse 66 or AP backup pulse 68. Interval 88 is wide enough so that any VS event occurring therein must be discounted. A VS within interval 88 resets or aborts the AVC operation. Because the AVC operation requires at least two of three ALOC events, an individual VS event within interval 88 would reset the AVC operation, whereas continued ventricular sensing in interval 88 would abort the AVC operation.
A VS event occurring in interval 90 means that the atrium was captured by AP backup pulse 68 and that APt pulse 66 failed to capture the atrium. Such ALOC either counts toward fulfillment of the two of three criteria, or fulfills that criterion. In the latter case, the algorithm uses the previous pulse magnitude that captured the atrium as a basis for calculating the appropriate safety margin.
Stability check 96 determines which APTS method (AVC or ACR) will be attempted first. Each APTS stands on its own merits. No record of previous tests is retained, since the patient's rhythm may have changed since the previous APTS. APTS requires a dual chamber, dual pacing and tracking mode (DDD or DDDR) to ensure effective and safe use of the algorithm.
Programming check 96 includes the following:
Further, sinus stability check 100 takes place over 8 cardiac cycles following device programming check 96 and may preferably include the following:
If either part of the stability check fails for any reason and the algorithm detects that the delay period is active, then the stability checks are rescheduled to recur at the end of the delay period. If the delay period is not active, or all delay periods have been attempted, the APTS test is aborted until the next scheduled PTS period.
More specifically, upon choosing the appropriate APTS method 104 (
One of the aspects of the present invention relates to atrial and ventricular pacing thresholds that may differ when pacing switches from bipolar to unipolar. If the output is below threshold values in the unipolar configuration, an immediate LOC may occur with the potential for syncope or death. If the output doesn't include a safety margin, LOC may occur when conditions vary, such as engaging in activities (exercise, eating, inter alia) that change the strength-duration curve as illustrated, for example, in
The preceding specific embodiments are illustrative of the practice of the invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that other expedients known to those of skill in the art or disclosed herein may be employed without departing from the invention or the scope of the appended claim. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than is specifically described, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As to every element, it may be replaced by any one of infinite equivalent alternatives, only some of which are disclosed in the specification.
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despite having a 30% ceiling on its stock weighting. Strong stock selection with names like Pitney Bowes PBI and Methode Electronics MEI helped Berwyn Income make up ground on its peers. In addition, the fund's bond portfolio really outperformed
We are no longer providing equity research on Methode MEI . We provide broad coverage of more than 1,800 companies across 91 industry groups and adjust our coverage as necessary based on client demand and investor interest.
Methode MEI reported weak fourth-quarter results ..... value estimate. In the fourth quarter, Methode 's net sales fell by more than 42 ..... impairment costs. Despite the tough quarter, Methode is still in decent shape and is realigning
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The official site for the upcoming Miami Vice movie has created a Google Maps mashup that educates visitors on the history of the city, as well as the history of crime in Miami.
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An ExxonMobil oil pipeline spill in Faulkner County, Ark., prompted the evacuation of some homes near the site, and it may take days before people can return, a company executive said. "Our focus is to protect the community," said Karen Tyrone, vice president of operations for ExxonMobil Pipeline. "We have air monitoring going on seven days a week, 24 hours a day ... and to date, we have no indication that there's a health impact on the community."
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The country will soon have a 'Wagah in the East' along the Bangladesh border where troops of both countries, dressed in full regalia, will perform the retreat — ceremonial lowering of flags — similar to the tradition prevalent along the India-Pakistan border.
The decision was taken during the five-day joint coordination meeting of border forces of India and Bangladesh in New Delhi.
"We have taken some new decisions. Something apart the usual beaten track.... We have a joint retreat ceremony at Attari-Wagah border where the Pakistani forces and BSF join together in the retreat ceremony lowering the flags.
"We have decided in-principle to have a similar joint retreat ceremony at the Petraploe border (along Bangladesh frontier)," Border Security Force Director-General Raman Srivastava told reporters in New Delhi on the conclusion of the joint border talks with the Border Guards Bangladesh (BGB).
The two sides will be examining whether such ceremonies, which they hope will be symbolic of the "good relations" between them, are possible at Akhora and Phoolbani too.
"We have decided to set up a joint committee to explore the modalities methodologies and the other relevant issues of this ceremony and hopefully within a couple of months we should be able to start such a ceremony after working out the modalities," he said
"We hope the ceremony will be even more beautiful and more congenial than the ceremony at Attari and Wagah. In due course of time, it will become a major tourist attraction like the Attari Wagah ceremony," the BSF DG said.
The force, according to a senior BSF officer, would also deploy its recently inducted women personnel to carry out the ceremonies at this frontier.
India and Pakistan have been traditionally hosting the flag-lowering ceremonies at the Wagah Attari border for many years now and the event is attended by a huge number of people from both the countries as well as foreign nationals.
Greetings and gifts are exchanged by officials at this frontier during national festivals like Independence Day, Republic Day and festivals like Diwali, Holi and Eid.
The BGB delegation, till recently known as the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), was led by its Director-General Major General Rafiqul Islam.
Keywords: India-Bangladesh border talks, Border Guards Bangladesh, BSF


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On January 1, 2013, Congress passed the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the "Act"). President Obama signed the Act into law on January 2, 2013. The Act contains multiple business tax provisions. The following is a summary of certain tax provisions relevant to renewable energy projects.
The Act extends the production tax credit ("PTC") for wind facilities under Section 45 for one year.[1] PTC for wind facilities had been set to expire at the end of 2012. Under the Act, qualifying wind facilities are eligible for PTC so long as the construction of such facility has begun before January 1, 2014. The Act also modifies Section 45 to allow certain other renewable energy facilities (including certain biomass, geothermal, solid waste, hydroelectric, and marine energy facilities) to qualify for PTC so long as construction begins before January 1, 2014. Prior to the Act, such facilities qualified for PTC only if the facility was placed in service before January 1, 2014. The Act allows taxpayers to elect, in lieu of PTC, the 30% investment tax credit ("ITC") under Section 48 for facilities qualifying for the PTC if construction of such facility begins before January 1, 2014.
The Act does not modify the availability of PTC and ITC with respect to solar facilities. Qualified solar facilities are eligible for a 30% ITC if placed in service before the end of 2016 and for a 10% ITC if placed in service in 2017 or later. PTC is unavailable for any solar facility placed in service after 2005.
The Act extends "bonus" depreciation under Section 168(k) for one year. Bonus depreciation had been set to expire at the end of 2012. Under the Act, taxpayers may take bonus depreciation for qualifying property placed in service before January 1, 2014 (or before January 1, 2015 for certain assets). The bonus depreciation allowance is the same for 2013 as it was for 2012 – a first year deduction equal to 50% of the tax basis of the qualifying property.
The Act contains several other energy-related provisions, including extensions of tax credits relating to biofuels and energy efficient homes.
For any questions regarding this matter, please contact:
Greg Riddle
(415) 773-5533
Wolfram Pohl
(415) 773-4252
[1] Unless otherwise noted, all Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP
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Oswald Mosley during his trial
1 portrait of Oswald Mosley
© Science & Society Picture Library / National Portrait Gallery, London
Oswald Mosley during his trial
by Hamlin, for Daily Herald
modern bromide print from original negative, 18 December 1934
5 5/8 in. x 7 1/2 in. (142 mm x 192 mm)
Given by IPC Newspapers Limited, 1971
Photographs Collection
NPG x88280
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Bt (1896-1980), Politician and founder of the British Union of Fascists. Sitter in 20 portraits.
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- Daily Herald. Artist associated with 146 portraits.
- Hamlin, Photographers agent. Artist associated with 1 portrait.


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Norma's Cafe opened in the Oak Cliff neighborhood just outside of downtown Dallas nearly 60 years ago. Now the cafe serves up delicious comfort food in three locations.
Norma's is celebrating its 58th anniversary Tuesday with some throwback prices. Popular dishes will be $2!
News 8's Brian Glenn has the details.


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Fox Hollow at Geist neighborhood in Mc Cordsville, Indiana (IN), 46055 detailed profile
Discuss Fox Hollow at Geist neighborhood (subdivision, block, or community) on our hugely popular Indiana forum.
Back to: Mc Cordsville, IN, Indiana, Indiana smaller cities, Indiana small towns, All cities.
City-data.com does not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this site. Use at your own risk.


text: Clinical Trials Search Results Initial search results include only NCI-sponsored clinical trials. To search all trials, click the "REFINE SEARCH" button, scroll down to the Trial ID/Sponsor section and select the "All" check box in the Sponsor of Trial section. View Content for: Patients Health Professionals Display: Title Description with: Locations Eligibility Full Trial Description Custom ? Hide Search Criteria Show Search Criteria Drug: fluconazoleFind trials that include: Any drugs shownTrial Status: Active Results 1-4 of 4 for your search: Start Over Select All on Page Sort by: Phase of Trial Title Type of Trial Status of Trial Age Range Sponsor of Trial Protocol IDs Show 10 25 50 100 200 Results per Page 1. Caspofungin Acetate or Fluconazole in Preventing Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Who Are Undergoing Chemotherapy Phase: Phase IIIType: Biomarker/Laboratory analysis, Supportive careStatus: ActiveAge: 3 months to 30 yearsSponsor: NCI, OtherProtocol IDs: ACCL0933, NCI-2011-02640, CDR0000695748, COG-ACCL0933, U10CA095861, NCT01307579 2. Caspofungin Acetate, Fluconazole, or Voriconazole in Preventing Fungal Infections in Patients Following Donor Stem Cell Transplant Phase: Phase IIIType: Supportive careStatus: ActiveAge: 3 months to 20 yearsSponsor: NCI, OtherProtocol IDs: ACCL1131, NCI-2012-00102, CDR0000721415, COG-ACCL1131, U10CA095861, NCT01503515 3. Caspofungin Based Combined Anti-fungal Therapy for Proven or Probable Invasive Fungal Infection Phase: Phase IIType: Supportive careStatus: ActiveAge: 18 to 55Sponsor: OtherProtocol IDs: RJH-2011-71, NCT01501708 4. Effects of Fluconazole and Itraconazole CYP3A-Mediated Inhibition on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of MLN4924 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Phase: Phase IType: Biomarker/Laboratory analysis, TreatmentStatus: ActiveAge: 18 and overSponsor: Pharmaceutical / IndustryProtocol IDs: C15011, U1111-1155-6191, NCT02122770 Select All on Page Start Over


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karacha wrote:Houston and Miami getting spanked today. Maybe PHX can beat Utah for us, but... I would not count on it.
alexthegreat wrote:trodgers wrote:Just finished teaching. Have LA by less than a point.
What subject you teach Trodge?
JoelMyersScrotalSack wrote:Dwight's D is the only pretty thing about this team these days
JSM wrote:Dwight is playing ELITE defense. WOW!
We are really shooting ourselves in the foot with turnovers though.
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No wilderness experience in Texas is quite like Big Bend National Park, more than 800,000 acres of mountains, desert, and river so stark and dreamy that it's difficult to distinguish where reality ends and apparition begins. Jagged peaks sheltering pine forests more typical of New Mexico or Colorado, canyons that are steeper, sheerer, and narrower than any found in the Grand Canyon, the vast expanse of Chihuahuan Desert, and the Rio Grande in its robust, untamed glory suggest that Big Bend was transplanted here from somewhere else—a feeling reinforced by posted warnings about bear crossings and encounters with mountain lions ("Pick Up Small Children"). Not for nothing is it called the last frontier.
Yet Big Bend is one of the ten least visited national parks in the country, with fewer than 300,000 visitors last year. Its isolated location far from population centers, its enormous size and widely scattered attractions, and the general public's disdain for plants that stick, bugs that sting, and all sorts of wild varmints running loose have kept people away. That is all the more reason to make the effort. The prospect of all that land with so few people promises a solitude that is a rare commodity almost everywhere else.
The vast majority of visitors to Big Bend venture no farther than the high-country basin in the Chisos, which is understandable, since you don't see 7,800-foot mountains in Texas every day. But you haven't done Big Bend unless you've seen the river and the desert too—and driving past in your car doesn't count. Even a short walk in the desert can be full of revelations. Take in at least four or five of the sights listed below and you'll come away with a pretty good idea of what this vast chunk of real estate is all about.
The Chisos Mountains Basin
Three miles west of Panther Junction is the winding road that leads into the Chisos. As you climb more than two thousand feet up Green Gulch, the vegetation rapidly changes from desert to forest. Seven miles ahead lies the basin, an alpine valley sandwiched between the dramatic Window—a V-shaped gap in the almost-continuous ridge that rings the basin—on the west and the blocklike Casa Grande dominating the eastern horizon. Visiting the basin is an absolute must, not only for the scenery but also because this is where you'll find the only lodging and restaurant in the park, as well as a gift shop, convenience store, ranger station, campground, amphitheater, and stables.
Hot Springs
Built in two stages by a somewhat optimistic tourist operator named J.O. Langford between 1909 and 1927, the hot springs are easily reached from the turnoff near Rio Grande Village, only a two-mile drive down an improved dirt road. Pick up a self-guiding trail booklet for 25 cents in the Hot Springs parking lot, then start walking. It's a quarter mile to the springs, past abandoned stone structures that once housed a post office and a motel, a small grove of palms (an excellent picnic spot), and Indian pictographs etched in a small cliff above the river. At the end of the path adjacent to the river are what's left of the lower walls of the bathhouse and a small shallow sitting area where 105-degree mineral water flows at a rate of 250,000 gallons a day before tumbling into the much colder Rio Grande. The water attracts not only visitors but also a handful of area residents who swear by its salubrious effects. If you want solitude, go early in the morning.
Santa Elena Canyon
The parking lot at the confluence of the Rio Grande and Terlingua Creek provides a close-up look directly into this dramatic gaping gash, with its sheer 1,500-foot limestone walls. The trail beginning at the parking lot, about 1.7 miles round trip, is among the best in the park. It crosses mostly dry Terlingua Creek, then climbs a series of improved stair-step switchbacks (with handrails) to a wide ledge high above the river. The trail drops to river level along a reed-choked sandy vega littered with giant boulders before petering out. If you take only one hike in the park, this is the one. Allow two hours.
Boquillas Canyon
The initial part of the hike from the parking lot—over a bare, rocky hill and down to the river, then through a cutbank path—is unremarkable. But once inside the canyon, the trail rewards hikers with magnificent views. When it comes to the play of light on rocks, especially in the afternoon, nothing in the park beats the Boquillas palisades. Extra bonus: the massive wind-blown dune inside the canyon that is perfect for sand surfing. Allow two hours.
Grapevine Hills
A six-mile drive down an improved dirt road suitable for ordinary cars brings you to a dry canyon on the desert floor. After a one-mile hike through a valley of rock-strewn rubble, the trail ends with a short, steep scramble to a scene that appears to have been created by an infant Godzilla: a huge boulder precariously teetering atop two smaller slabs, one of the great photo opportunities in the park. Allow one and one half hours.
Dagger Flat
One of the unknown delights of Big Bend is this self-guided auto tour on a well-graded dirt road. It offers the most extensive introduction to the desert plant community seen through a windshield. Stop at the beginning of the road in the northeastern part of the park and get a guidebook for 50 cents. The seven-mile road ends at a loop in the middle of a bizarre thicket of giant dagger yuccas, some more than ten feet tall, which should be at peak bloom in late March. Although the loop area is identified as Dagger Flat, the actual flat is at least a quarter mile away, according to topographical maps. Allow about an hour, two hours if you plan to walk.
Dugout Wells
Just off the main paved road to Rio Grande Village is another underrated destination that is a quickie introduction to the desert on foot. Hardwood trees, a windmill, and abundant wildlife that


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TCXO Targets Defense/Aerospace Applications
Performing at up to 100 MHz, Vectron's TX-600 temperature controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO) is designed to meet the timing specifications required by today's radio, GPS telemetry, and Stratum 3 applications over the full range of military-specified environmental conditions. The 7-mm × 9-mm SMT component exhibits shock survivability at >10,000 g and low g-sensitivity, according to the company. The oscillator is RoHS compliant and Pb free.
Vectron International
888-328-7661, www.vectron.com [1]


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Reuters recently quoted Tian Lipu, head of China's State Intellectual Office, complaining about China's reputation for rampant software piracy. According to Tian, "China is the world's largest payer for patent rights, for trademark rights, for royalties, and one of the largest for buying real software . . . We pay the most. People rarely talk about this, but it really is a fact."
Tian's protestations are akin to the shoplifter who defends his theft of a coat by pointing out that he also bought two shirts from the same store. China, as well as other countries worldwide, needs to stop looking the other way at copyright and trademark piracy, and to crack down on this form of theft.
According to the Business Software Alliance's (BSA) 2011 Global Software Piracy Study, 42% of PC software worldwide – with a commercial value of more than $63 billion — is pirated. The rate of software piracy in China is an astounding 77%. By comparison, the percentage in the United States is 19%, while it is 26% in the UK, 21% in Japan, and 27% in Canada. In fairness, while the value of pirated software in China eclipses all other countries (excepting, ironically, the United States, where the relatively low piracy rate still results in almost $10 billion worth of pirated software), China is not the only, nor is it the worst, offender. Among the world's 20 largest economies, Indonesia and Venezuela have higher piracy rates than China (86% and 88%, respectively), and Russia, India, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia and Argentina all clock in with piracy rates over 50%.
Technical means of quashing or impairing the performance of pirated software (for instance, the Microsoft Genuine Advantage program) can help. But they are not a cure-all, nor can they put a dent in the pervasive levels of piracy. A multifaceted approach is needed to protect software and application developers from this pervasive form of theft. To start, developers must incorporate anti-copying mechanisms into their software and applications and must have strong and enforceable license agreements with users. From there, it is up to the developers to take a firm stand against theft of their product. However, it is equally important that governments, starting with China, bring their intellectual property laws into the 21st century, adapting them to encompass apps and other new and emerging technologies; enforce those laws; and make clear that software and application piracy will not be permitted. Until China and other nations do this, software and app developers will continue to be the constant victims of theft and the forward march of innovation will be stunted.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Jeff Ifrah
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Make the best panini ever with leftover Thanksgiving turkey and trimmings.
Send the kids out to play and enjoy a cool glass of this grown-up lemonade.
Ming Tsai takes us to a cranberry bog to see how to harvest them.
Kelsey shares her family's traditional Thanksgiving cranberry salad recipe.
Why open a can when Tyler's cranberry-orange sauce is so easy to make?
Giada turns ground turkey and cranberry sauce into a holiday ravioli feast.
Throw out your can opener and make Alton's simple, genuine cranberry sauce.
Chef Michael Chiarello makes cranberry side dish with an Italian twist.
Cranberry Upside Down Cake is a refreshing and festive dessert.
Fresh berries instead of cranberry juice give this cosmo superior flavor.
Get Cooking Channel on your TV.


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3 Snowflakes Mold
Almond Biscotti: This fragrance is positively edible! It is an amazing compilation of all things good, edible and coffee time! With a mixture of toasted
Applejack Peel (Type): This smells just like the yummiest apple you have ever had the privilege of eating and then some. It has hot and spicy top notes
Flexible Basic Tree mold
Size: 3.15" x 2.26"
Cavities: 1
Cavity Size: 1.85 oz.
...click to read more
Brick Red: This reminds me of a fire house, with all the beautiful bricks setting off the power inside -- it's that great color of deep red with a tinge
Burgundy: This is a deep burgundy that will go fabulously with our Cranberry Fig, Berry Wine or Plum Spice. Imagine a deep Merlot Wine - this is that
Butter Cream and Snickerdoodle: This is a sweet and yummy fragrance that contains rich caramel and cream notes. When Anne-Marie visited Bath Junkie in...click to read more
Cappuccino Mica: The perfect brown, this mica is rich and chocolate-y. It has wonderful blending qualities with our
Cellini Red Mica: This is a wonderful red that is approved for use in lip products. In cold process soap, it goes a nice peach/pink color. INCI: mica,...click to read more
Champagne: Perfect for that special occasion. This fragrance smells just like champagne or the fizzy bubbles in ginger ale. The scent is incredibly strong!
Flexible Christmas Bell Mold
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These card templates are designed exclusively for Bramble Berry ...click to read more
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Sarah of Spicy Pinecone creates gorgeous cold process soap that demonstrate a wide range of techniques, colors and design elements. Her passion for bath and beauty is evident in each creation, which are beautifully presented and photographed. Sarah shares her soaping making on her YouTube channel, which has more than 80 fun and informative videos. Read on to […]
The post Chatting with Sarah of Spicy Pinecone appeared first on Soap Queen.


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Totally Geeky or Geek Chic? iPod Anti-Theft Case
by Tech
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iPod thieves have been making headlines since the device was released. From news reports and tips on how to keep your pod safe, to Dateline specials on how to catch thieves, there really is no end to the iHysteria. So how do you protect your beloved pod? The $49 iPod Anti-Theft Case for the iPod 5th Generation and iPod Nano claims it will keep your pod safe and sound. It's essentially a combination lock connected to a steel cable, but if wrapped around a larger secured object your little baby should be safe. I give them brownie points for a sleek case - not so sure if it's necessary.
bennybip 7 years
geek clever, for children and students whose ipods can easily happen to be stolen.
macgirl 7 years
Apple doesn't make the lock so it's not a devious plot against you to take more of your money. Truth is there is a ton of money to be made selling iPod accessories. This is why you see stuff like this.
RobinFabulous 7 years
Maybe in a big city, for a teenager, or in a college dorm. I don't have the need for one and my kids IPods don't leave the house without me
ricarocks 7 years
i would definitely get one of these. ultimately, they're tiny devices which are very easy to steal. i know that a few hundred dollars isn't much to some people, but i was raised to appreciate the value of money a video ipod is a few hundred dollars. i don't think that's an insignificant amount of money and i would be extremely saddened if mine was stolen. not to mention, how many people store their contacts and calender's on their ipods? imagine if the thief not only had your expensive music player but you're address and phone number too!!! genius apple, genius.
beingtazim 7 years
i hardly think apple is hurting for cash...but yeah, i think this is a bit paranoid. I have heard of many people getting ipods stolen but i can't say its ever really worried me. i have mine in my pocket with my hand on it when i use mine - not because i think someone will steal it but because i am always afraid of dropping and losing things. okay, i'm paranoid in a different way!
theboyslover 7 years
apple is just trying to make some mulah. thats not flattering at all. no one would be able to grab mines anyway cause i keep it in my pocket.
kristennn 7 years
It's so __bulky__.
Thursday-Friday 7 years
I actually like the aesthetic of the black one. im not terrified someone will run off with it, but i like how it would look hooked on a belt loop on jeans
Carolinewf1 7 years
I just saw a special chris hanson did on stolen ipods....with this in mind....yeah, this is totally geek sugar.
macgirl 7 years
I have a customer that wanted to lock down their iPod that they use for their office music system. We ended up not going with that model as you couldn't have it plugged in for charging while in its locked case.
jesse3000 7 years
My little sister had her ipod stolen during a party in her dorm. This could have helped.
ThePerfectScore 7 years
I dont think it would help...... just keep an eye on ur stuff
tee0206 7 years
I can see paranoid college students using them, but other than that, I think it's unnecessary.
gspencer 7 years
On the college campus by my home, guys on bikes were riding by and yanking people's iPhones as they were using them. Because most people were just holding them or hand them in their pockets, those iPods were a goner. I think totally about 5 people got ripped off in a week. So I say, for a student, it's probably a reasonable security measure.
Asuka 7 years
It's so __big__!
SugarKat 7 years
eh... So someone out here was stabbed for his ipod. I don't think that this contraption would stop the psychos.
shafiii 7 years
this is way to paranoid, if you have your ipod and take care of it then i really dont think its going to get stolen. this is just tooo much!
fashiontoronto 7 years
c0rkie said it right, the very first word that came to my mind was "paranoid" as well. In my opinion, if you're that worried about your iPod then just keep it in your pocket at all times.
rubialala 7 years
No thank you.
steen 7 years
Honestly, I think they're great for college kids. No matter how closely you watch your stuff, there's a good chance it'll get stolen. It's really sad. My campus' library had to put out repeated e-mails to help students prevent their stuff from getting stolen and the campus shuttles are doing their part too.
Mokona 7 years
I have the ipod with video, and I'd rather it wasn't stolen... but this still seems a little overboard! I do have to admit that it looks great (if you need that much security).
millarci 7 years
I agree with c0rkie. That's being a little too paranoid. Then again I only have the iPod Nano. Maybe if I had the iPod with Video I would get it. Maybe...
c0rkie 7 years
can we say paranoid much?! woooooooooowwwwwwwwww