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Angel Haze - Starry Eyed
Artist: Angel Haze
Producer: Ohdi Beatz
Album: Voice EP
Avg Rating: 4.0 ( 12 votes )
Roman would have to come with a loaded M-16 to kill Angel Haze on her latest stand out selection. With an ability to take on anybody with superior rhymes, today Angel Haze drops off Starry Eyed, a simply organic street piece with "Replay Me!" stamped all over it. Angel is literally SPITTING all over this track, leaving listeners drooling over their speakers and wondering "who is THIS?" All caps can't even spell how strong this Virginian vehement comes across as she lays bar for bar everything inside her like a heavenly ton of bricks. Put that on top of the boom-bap sound created by producer Ohdi Beatz and you have a work that lights up even the darkest corner. Whatever "it" is, Angel Haze has it. Now you and all your friends need to go and get it. Starry Eyed will appear on Angel's forthcoming Voice EP, which drops tomorrow, April 18.
Written by Sigmund'sDope on Apr 18, 2012
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Ice Arena Summer Rental The John MacInnes Ice Arena has summer ice available for rent. For $165 you get 50 minutes on a clean sheet of ice along with locker rooms. This summer get a group of skaters or hockey players together and enjoy time on the ice weekly or even a couple of hot summer days! Summer rentals run from Saturday, June 6 thru Monday, August 31. [read more]
Michigan Tech Hockey Programs Just because it's summer doesn't mean you have to give up the ice! Improve your skills with Huskies Total Skills & Power Skating or meet others your age once a week for a scrimmage at Hockey Challenge Night! [read more]
Learn to Skate The snow may be gone, but lucky for us we'll have ice in June! Learn the basics with Learn to Skate this summer! Girls and boys, ages 3 to adult are welcome. [read more]
Youth Swimming Knowing how to swim is an essential safety skill for kids of all ages, especially with all of our area lakes. Besides that—it's tons of fun! Register now for Summer Swimming Lessons! [read more]
Strength & Conditioning Feel the burn & go for the gold this summer with Strength & Conditioning for Middle & High School Athletes! Open to boys & girls entering grades 6-12 as of Fall 2015. [read more]
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Conan features the Scala and Kolacny Brothers choir on his TV show.
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What is mahogany? ... Are you sure?
Apart from being wood, what is mahogany and why should you be interested? You may be surprised. The modern use of the word mahogany may not necessarily mean what you think it means.
In guitar-making what we regard traditionally as "mahogany" is the timber of only one of 49 genera that belong to the botanical family Meleaceae (Mahogany family.) This genus is called Swietenia, native to Central and South America and the Caribbean. It has three species:
1. Swietenia mahagoni, traded under the specific names Caribbean Mahogany, Cuban Mahogany, or West Indian Mahogany. It is native to southern Florida in the United States, the West Indies, and South America; specifically Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bolivia, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, St Barthélemy, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Martin (French), St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Venezuela. It was the first species of mahogany used in the manufacturing of guitars until the 1950's. It has been commercially extinct since 1947.
2. Swietenia macrophylla, traded as Brazillian Mahogany, Genuine Mahogany, or Big Leaf Mahogany. It is native to the Atlantic side of Central America as well as much of South America, namely Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. This species has been the one used for making guitars over the years, especially by Gibson Guitars Corporation. Since 2003 it has become commercially extinct with the exception of some limited supply from Brazil, Peru and Bolivia, under heavy restrictions.
3. Swietenia humilis, traded under the specific names Honduras Mahogany, Pacific Coast Mahogany or Mexican Mahogany. It is is native to Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. There are very few populations left and it is used mainly in local carpentry.
Note. All three species are sometimes individually and collectively called American mahogany .
What happened? In simplicity: overlogging and illegal trade over about 85 years has brought all species of Swietenia mahogany to near extinction. Since 1950 Central American populations have suffered a 70-90% decline.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international agreement between nations to uniformly police threats to the survival of plants and wild life due to human abuse. Formed in 1973 and passed in 1975 there are currently 180 "contracting parties" (nations) on the list as of 2014. Each party has their own legislation which aligns with the agreement. An example is the Lacey Act of the United States which exists to police and control illegal import and export of banned or restricted plants and substances and wild life, effective from 2008.
CITES has three different levels of protection for species, known as Appendices:
Appendix I – This appendix represents species that are in the most danger and are considered to be threatened with extinction, and are consequently the most restricted in international trade.
Appendix II – This appendix contains species that are at risk in the wild but not necessarily threatened with extinction. Species in this appendix are closely regulated but are typically not as restricted as Appendix I.
Appendix III – This appendix contains species that a certain country (contracting party) has voluntarily requested to be regulated in order to help preserve the species in question. Appendix III species regulation is only applicable for the specific party that has requested its inclusion and is therefore much less restrictive than Appendix I or II.
All three species of Swietenia are listed on CITES Appendix II: Swietenia humilis in January 1975, Swietenia mahagoni in November 1992 and Swietenia macrophylla in November 1995. Efforts to save the resource have become a major project of CITES. Throughout the 2000's there has been much work done to forward efforts to conserve the resource and to explore alternatives for reforestation and sustainability on a worldwide scale.
Unfortunately, efforts to repopulate mahogany in it's native locations has turned out to be largely unsuccessful. There are four major reasons why Swietenia can no longer be re-grown natively:
1. the soil is now depleted and barren.
2. The aggressive mahogany shoot borer Hypsipyla grandella kills the new trees. Modern Science has not managed to overcome this.
3. genetic loss means that the current generations of seeds for planting are inferior and/or mutated.
4. erosion has taken place where large forests have been cleared leaving those areas now uninhabitable.
In order to save Swietenia mahogany from impending extinction Authorities were forced to look beyond it's native locations to find solutions to the problem.
Attempts to grow Swietenia in Africa resulted in uniform failure and abandonment due to attacks by Hypsipyla robusta, the African equivalent of Hypsipyla grandella. Europe was not considered as it does not have the right climate to grow it.
It turns out that Asia and the South Pacific are the most successful areas where Swietenia can be grown outside of its native locations. Following initial trials a number of Asian countries were consulted with and invested in to develop controlled, sustainable and renewable Swietenia mahogany plantations. This started mostly in the 1990's and was helped along by the 1993 World Bank report entitled "Tropical Hardwood Marketing Strategies for Southeast Asia". Under nursery conditions attack by Hypsipyla can be successfully controlled with insecticides.
In actual fact, some Asia-Pacific countries had already been growing Swietenia for a very long time!
Fiji had Swietenia macrophylla introduced originally in 1911 as an ornamental species using seeds from Honduras and Belize. The first mahogany plantantions were established by the government in 1935 and then expanded upon throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Mahogany continued to be planted througout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. Production was corporatized in 1998. There are over 55,000 hectares of mahogany plantations in Fiji today, many over 40 years old and are naturally regenerating. Harvesting began in 2003 and Fiji has since become the major producer and international supplier of new American mahogany today.
India had both Swietenia macrophylla and Swietenia mahagoni introduced in 1865 using seeds from West Indies. They were never managed and thereafter became naturalized forests. A large scale afforestation program was initiated by the Indian government in 2000.
Bangladesh had Honduran Swietenia macrophylla introduced in 1872 and as with India it has become naturalized in some places. Since 1993 and especially in the early 2000s the country has become involved in establishing managed plantations however regular and major floodings occurring in Bangladesh have caused all species of timber plantations severe damage and plantations overall are constantly struggling.
Indonesia had Swietenia mahagoni and Swietenia macrophylla introduced in 1870 using seeds from India. Plantation forests including Swietenia macrophylla were planted from the 1920's to the 1940's but it wasn't until about 1990 that serious plantation development and management began. There are rougly 187000 hectares of mahogany plantations in Indonesia. During the 2000's Indonesia was a major exporter of American mahogany however this is no longer the case following the clamping down of illegal logging which accounted for an estimated 80% of the Indonesian timber trade. Currently Indonesia has the highest rate of deforestation (unsustainable logging) in the world, overtaking Brazil in 2012.
Sri Lanka had Swietenia macrophylla planted in 1897 but it wasn't really until the 1950's that plantations were consciously established. Then again it wasn't until the 1990's that any real significant investment was undertaken to take control of the unmanaged plantations which had since become naturalized forests. There are over 15,000 hectares of planted Swietenia plantations in Sri Lanka.
Malaysia had Swietenia mahagoni introduced in 1876 followed by Swietenia macrophylla in 1886 and 1892. Both species were attacked by Hypsipyla robusta and further planting was abandoned. Since 1992 Malaysia has become active in timber plantation development and management including some minor involvement with mahogany.
The largest Swietenia mahogany plantation in the Philippines which began in 1982 is now a significant source of new American mahogany today with other investment and development of Philippine plantations occurring after the 1993 World Bank report. Swietenia macrophylla is the third most planted species in the Philippines. There are a total of 274,000 hectares of managed timber plantations and approximately 76,000 hectares of managed natural forests. Swietenia accounts for approximately 50,000 hectares.
Solomon Islands first introduced Swietenia macrophylla in plantations in 1978 and continued planting until 1995 when the government privatized the program. During that time over 3500 hectares were planted. Large scale forestry planting is now done by private companies only and has lead to exploitation and illegal logging.
China introduced Swietenia mahagoni in the late 1800's specifically in the regions of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan. It is cultivated successfully in those regions today. Overall China has 6.5 million hectares of hardwood plantations comprising 43% of total plantations in the world and has always been a leader in afforestration projects since the 1960s. In 1998 China banned the logging of mature trees throughout the country. Today, logging activities remain limited and instead China relies almost entirely on imports of timber and timber products from abroad, particularly Russia and Papua New Guinea. As mahogany has a 35-40 year rotation, quality harvesting from some of these countries is still years away.
CITES restrictions do not apply to Asian-grown Swietenia mahogany as their plantations are sustainably managed and controlled.
Despite international efforts, illegal logging is still taking place in some parts of South America today with 80% of this illegal timber being supplied to the USA by criminal operations. Some sources have even predicted that South American-grown Swietenia may become extinct by 2016.
Mahogany other than Swietenia
Swietenia is not the only genus in the Mahogany family that yields high quality timber. There are 49 genera with approximately 550 species in the Mahogany family. Some have timber uses and some are even used as direct replacements for Swietenia. Others are merely plants and may only produce fruit, oil and seed often used for medicines or lotions. Of the ones that do yield timber, some include the word mahogany in their trade name and others do not. There are two terms to know:
1. Genuine Mahogany as a term applies to mahogany of the Swietenia genus only, wherever grown.
2. True Mahogany describes the timber of any Mahogany family genus other than Swietenia.
Some of the non-Swietenia mahoganies in use are:
Khaya is a Mahogany family tree native to temperate Africa and Madagascar. It has 5 species. All species are collectively traded under the name African Mahogany. Khaya is the most accepted Mahogany family timber other than Swietenia to be called mahogany without qualification. It is probably the most popular Swietenia replacement. Variations in trade names are usually determined by where it is sourced. Khaya grandifoliola which is native to Benin, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda is also called Benin Mahogany. Khaya ivorensis which is native to Angola, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, and Nigeria is also called Lagos Mahogany. Khaya senegalensis is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda and also called Senegal Mahogany or Dry Zone Mahogany. Plantations now exist in China (introduced 1963-1966), Malaysia, Sri Lanka and northern Australia. Khaya madagascariensis is found in Madagascar and Comoros and is often simply called Madagascar Mahogany. Khaya anthotheca grows in Angola, Guinea Bissau, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique and is also known as East African Mahogany or White Mahogany. It is also grown in plantantions in South Africa and in some Asian countries. The wood of Khaya senegalensis and Khaya grandifoliola resembles Swietenia more closely than the wood of Khaya anthotheca and Khaya ivorensis, but they are heavier and harder. All native species are currently under inspection by CITES for recommending restrictions. All species are currently listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The United States is the largest market for African mahogany, and the key exporters are Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon and Cameroon (2011.)
Toon, botanical name Toona, is a Mahogany family tree native throughout eastern Europe, northern Asia, and South East Asia. In SE Asia the wood is considered of high value and is used in house and ship building, for joinery, high-grade furniture, tea chests and boxes, musical instruments, toys and novelties, carvings, veneer, plywood and pencils. It is probably the most sought after true mahogany today for higher quality factory-made guitars where mahogany is specified. As a tonewood it is very similar to Swietenia but lighter in weight. There are four species, each with their own trade names :
1. Toona ciliata is traded as Indian Mahogany. It is native to Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Australia. The Australian species is called Red Cedar but is no longer commercially available due to overlogging. Toona ciliata is the most common Toon species exported from Asia.
2. Toona sinensis is traded as Chinese Mahogany. It is native to eastern and south eastern Asia; stretching from eastern India, China, Nepal, North Korea, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, to western Indonesia.
3. Toona sureni is traded as Indonesian Mahogany, Vietnamese Mahogany or Suren. It is native to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. It is important to differentiate between the term "Indonesian Mahogany" as Toona and "Indonesian Mahogany" as plantantion-grown Swietenia.
4. Toona calantis is traded as Philippine Mahogany, or Calantis. It is native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines. This species was put on the IUCN Red List in 2006 and has felling restrictions.
IMPORTANT. "Philippine Mahogany" is also a generic term used in the USA carpentry trade and internationally to describe timbers from the Shorea species which is botanically unrelated to the Mahogany family. It consists of 196 species in the Dipterocarpaceae family native to much of Asia. 148 of the 196 species are threatened with habitat loss and have varying degrees of trade restrictions. It is possible to confuse this term, being that Philippine Mahogany could be 1) a Shorea, 2) native Toona, or 3) plantation-grown Swietenia.
Spanish Cedar, (also called Cedro, Brazillian Mahogany, or Cedar) botanical name: Cedrela odorata, is one of 8 species of Cedrela, a Mahogany family tree native to Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. Botanically Cedrela is the equivalent of Asian Toona except that it is native to the neo-tropics. Cedrela odorata was for a long time a very important Latin American timber, second to Swietenia. It was commonly used for making cigar boxes but it was also used for light construction, joinery, mouldings, panelling, louvred doors, boat building, furniture, cabinet work, weatherboards, boxes, household implements, musical instruments, carvings, veneer, plywood, turnery and matchboxes. It has been used for necks, tops and sides of classical and flamenco guitars, and as a veneer, cap, or body for electric guitars. The timber of two other Cedrela species have sometimes been used interchangeably, namely Cedrela fissilis, native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela; and Cedrela lilloi, native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru. Both of these species are nearly extinct and each are listed on the IUCN Red List as "endangered" while Cedrela odorata is listed as "vulnerable." Woods from Columbia and Peru were added to CITES Appendix III in 2001. Wood from Guatamala was added to Appendix III in 2008. Bolivia requested its 3 species be added to Appendix III in 2010, followed by Brazil in 2011. As with the Swietenia species, all native Cedrela is susceptible to Hypsipyla attack. Cedrela odorata has been introduced into Southeast Asia and Oceania, specifically Australia (1987), China (Guangdong province), Fiji (1960s), Hawaii (1910), Indonesia (19??), Malaysia (19??), Papua New Guinea (1959), Philippines (1915), Singapore (19??), Soloman Islands (1985), Sri Lanka (ca 1990), and Vietnam (1988.) Plantations in Southeast Asia are of small scale and most of the timber is consumed locally. International trade from these countries is of no importance. Cedrela odorata was introduced into Africa as far back as 1898 in Ghana, as well as in Tanzania in 1911, and Nigeria in 1929. Timber plantations were established in Côte d'Ivoire (1963), Ghana (1922), Uganda, Tanzania, Madagascar and South Africa. In 2013, Ghana, China and Guatemala were the major exporters of Cedrela odorata to the United States.
Sapele (also spelled Sapelli), botanical name Entandrophragma cylindricum, is one of 11 species of Entandrophragma, a Mahogany family tree native to tropical Africa. It is used for backs and sides of acoustic guitars and tops of electric guitars. It is identifiable by having sweeping, striped grain and varies in colour from reddish to purple-brown. It's sound properties are very close to Swietenia mahogany. Other uses include furniture, cabinetry, flooring, boatbuilding and plywood. The USA imports large quantities of Sapele from Cameroon. Other major exporters are Congo, Ivory Coast and Ghana. Sapele is not listed in the CITES Appendices but is now listed on the IUCN Red List as "vulnerable." Some countries have their own protected populations and felling restrictions in place.
Sipo (also called Sipo Mahogany or Utile), botanical name Entandrophragma utile is another African Entandrophragma species very suitable for guitar manufacturing. It's properties are slightly more closer to Swietenia mahogany than it's Sapelli sibling although visually it is generally slightly less grained than Sapelli. It can be used for the same things in guitar manufacturing as Sapelli. Utile is otherwise used for furniture, exterior joinery, construction and boat building. It is more popular in Europe than the United States where instead Sapelli is the dominant of the two. It is native to western and central Africa and is obtained mainly from the Central African Republic, Congo and Ghana. Europe is the main export market. As with Sapelli it is now on the IUCN Red List. In Uganda it is almost extinct due to overlogging and exploitation.
Tiama (also called Tiama Mahogany or Gedu Nohor) botanical name Entandrophragma angolense is another species of Entandrophragma occurring throughout western, central and southern Africa. Colour is brown, often with a slight purple tint. The wood is highly valued for exterior and interior joinery, furniture, cabinet work, veneer and plywood, and is also used in Africa for flooring, interior trim, panelling, stairs, ship building, vehicle bodies and coffins. It is suitable for light construction, musical instruments, toys, novelties, boxes, crates, carvings and turnery. It is exported mainly from Cameroon, Congo, Gabon and Ghana. Most Tiama is exported to Europe. It is included in the IUCN Red list as "vulnerable."
Kosipo, botanical name Entandrophragma candollei is another of the 11 species of Entandrophragma also native to western and central Africa. Wood from this species is used for construction, flooring, exterior and interior joinery, boat building, furniture, cabinet work, toys, boxes, crates and plywood. It is reddish-brown in colour and due to its resemblence to Sapele is a considered a cheaper alternative to the other more expensive Entandrophragma species. It is exported mainly from Republic of Congo, Gabon and Ghana. It is included in the IUCN Red list as "vulnerable."
Guarea is a Mahogany family genus with 43 species, three of which have timber uses: Guarea cedrata and Guarea thompsonii which are native to Africa and traded as Bosse or Pink Mahogany, and Guarea grandifolia which is native to Central and Latin America and in English is traded as American Muskwood. It resembles Khaya (African mahogany) in appearance and is botanically very close to Sapelli mahogany. The wood is valued for house building, flooring, joinery, interior trim, panelling, window frames, doors, ship building, vehicle bodies, furniture, cabinet work, decorative boxes, crates, veneer and plywood. It is suitable for musical instruments, toys, novelties, carving and turnery. The African species were a major export timber but is now endangered in some countries. In America it is a widely accepted mahogany substitute and is sometomes used in the manufacturing of acoustic guitars.
East Indian Mahogany, botanical name: Chukrasia tabularis, is also known as Chickrassy, Chittagong Wood, Indian Mahogany, or White Cedar. This Mahogany family tree is native to India, Bangladesh, China, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. It has also been introduced into Southern Africa and the Caribbean. In tropical Asia the wood is highly prized for high-grade cabinet work, decorative panelling, interior joinery such as doors, windows and light flooring, and for carving, toys and turnery. It is also used for light to medium-heavy construction work, e.g. for posts, beams, scantlings and planks, and for railway sleepers, ship and boat building, furniture, musical instruments (especially pianos), packing cases, sporting goods, truck bodies, mallet heads, anvil blocks, brush wares, drawing equipment, rifle butts, veneer and pulp. Botanically it is very close to Cedrela and Toona.
Cacharana, Cangerana or Cajarana, botanical name: Cabralea canjerana is a Mahogany family tree found only in South America and pretty much unknown to the rest of the world. It has no equivalent English name. There is not even an English Wikipedia entry for it. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Widely available in Brazil, it is used in local general carpentry, furniture, interior construction, carvings and joinery. It's colour is usually a dull red or maroon often with purplish markings. Gibson Guitars has used it as a top on their Les Paul "Smartwood" models and other South American luthiers use it for bodies and necks of electric guitars. From what little I know it appears to be a very good tonewood and an ideal replacement for Swietenia. As it only has a Spanish name I am going arbitrarily christen it "New World Mahogany" for the English-speaking world. It's as good a name as any. Maybe it will catch on?
Trichilia is a Mahogany family genus with 42 species, 4 of which are native to southern, central and eastern Africa, and the rest native to South America and some parts of the Caribbean. Most of the South American species are endangered by habitat loss. Of the African species Trichilia emetica is native to Botswana, Burkina Faso, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It is known locally as Natal Mahogany or Cape Mahogany. It's wood is a pink colour. For a hardwood it is quite soft. Timber uses include carvings, traditional folk musical instruments, household implements, furniture, bats and canoes. The oil is used locally as a topical medicine. Another African species, Trichilia dregeana is known in South Africa as Forest Mahogany. These two southern African mahogany species are largely unknown to the rest of the world as neither appear to be an export product (?) Trichilia hirta is native to West Indies and ranges from Mexico through Central America to Brazil and Bolivia in South America. It has many local Spanish names but in English is called Broomstick. Its timber has been used for oars, broom handles, and local carpentry as well as for fuel, stakes, and fence posts.
Royal Mahogany, is the U.S name for Carapa guianensis, a Mahogany family tree native to Central and South America. It is known more commonly in English as Crabwood, Demerara Mahogany, or Bastard Mahogany and in Spanish as Andiroba or Carapa. Its heartwood has colour varying from light salmon to reddish-brown that darkens with time to a medium to dark shade. It is an ideal timber for furniture, cabinetry, mouldings, windows and doors, joinery, paneling, and medium to light construction and as a mahogany substitute. It has a similar appearance to Swietenia, often with more "swirl" to the grain. It is the third most important export timber from Brazil, behind Cedrela and Swietenia. It is used in South America as a tonewood, for acoustic guitars and ukuleles. There is one other South American species, Carapa megistocarpa, native to Ecuador, called Tangare. The Ecuadorian species is endangered. There is a third species, Carapa procera which is native to Western Africa called African Crabwood or Okoto. Note. Royal Mahogany is also one of the trade names for a non Mahogany timPasteber called Wild Tambrand or Quebracho of the genus Pithecellobium which is native to Guatemala, Mexico, and Belize, and is used as a mahogany substitute in general interior and exterior construction and furniture in the United States.
New Zealand Mahogany, botanic name: Dysoxylum spectibile is a Mahogany family species native to New Zealand and is one of the 80 species of Dysoxylum which is endemic to much of Asia and Oceania. It's local name is Kohekohe. It grows mainly in North Island and northern parts of South Island. New Zealand mahogany is softer than other Mahogany family timbers and is used in general carpentry. It is not desirable as a tonewood. New Zealand Kohekohe should not be confused with the plant of the same name which is native to Hawaii.
Rose Mahogany, botanical name: Dysoxylum fraserianum, is native to eastern Australia and is one of the 80 species of Dysoxylum. This Australian species is more often called Rose Wood in Australia. I have seen it used as a body wood in Australia-made guitars. Another eastern Australian variant Dysoxylum mollissimum subsp. molle, is known as Miva Mahogany, Red Bean or Onionwood. Both species are used for furniture, plywood, shop and office fixtures, carving, turnery, and joinery, although miva mahogany is no longer commercially available.
Synoum is another Australian Mahogany family genus with two species: Synoum muelleri called Scentless Rose Wood, and Synoum glandulosum called Red Sycamore. It is red to reddish-brown. Both are used in Australian construction for general house framing, flooring, mouldings and joinery as well as for furniture, shop and office fixtures, panelling, turnery, and carving. It is not considered a first class timber and I am unaware of this being used as a tonewood for musical instruments.
Chinaberry, botanical name: Melia azedarach, also known as Bead-Tree, Cape Lilac, Persian Lilac, and White Cedar is a Mahogany family tree native to Pakistan, India, China, South East Asia and Australia that yields a high quality reddish-brown timber used in Asia to manufacture agricultural implements, furniture, plywood, boxes, poles, tool handles etc. It is used in cabinet making and in construction because of its resistance to termites. It is one of 12 species of Melia. It's fruit are poisonous to humans and animals. It is suitable as a tonewood and can be used for bodies of electric guitars. There is no commercial trade in it at this time as it is considered invasive and for this reason is commercially ignored. Outside of Asia it is of interest mainly to hobbyists.
Brown Mahogany, botanical name Lovoa trichilioides is one of two African Mahogany family species found in Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is also traded as African Walnut and Dibetou. Wood from this species is highly valued for furniture, cabinet work, flooring, carpentry, joinery, interior trim, stairways, panelling and veneer, and plywood. In Africa it is used for house construction, vehicle bodies, implements and handles, and to make canoes. It is suitable for ship building, sporting goods, toys, novelties, railway sleepers, carving, boxes, crates, turnery and as pulpwood. Small exports originate from Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Gabon and Congo. It's other species, Lovoa swynnertonii occurs in eastern DR Congo, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Its wood has been used for similar purposes but has been subject to heavy exploitation in many regions and is rare almost everywhere in its distribution area. It is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red list. Plantations have been unsuccessful because of infestation by Hypsipyla robusta.
Mountain Mahogany, botanical name Entandrophragma caudatum is a lesser known species of African Entandrophragma occurring from Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique to South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe. It is also called Bottle Tree. The wood is reddish brown or dark brown and can have a nice figure. It is used locally for furniture, cabinet work and canoes. There is no commercial trade of this timber as supply is limited, one reason being that the trees are usually not large enough to yield desirable timber. This species is not to be confused with the tree of the same name found in California USA, species Cercocarpus which is unrelated to the mahogany family genus.
Non Mahoganies traded as Mahogany
In addition to "genuine" and "true" mahogany family timbers, there are other timbers which have no botanical relation to the Mahogany family at all, yet have a trade name that includes the word mahogany in it. It may be important to know these substitute timbers so that one can make a distinction when or if required. These botanically unrelated timbers may share similar appearances or tonal qualities to genuine or true mahogany, but that is all. Often the so-called "mahogany" trade name is not the main or only trade name.
Philippine Mahogany, from the point of view of the USA furniture industry is clearly defined by the Federal Trade Commission, Code of Federal Regulations Title 16, Section 250.3 Identity of Woods: "The following non mahogany timbers may legally be called 'Philippine mahogany' in the USA: Tanguile, Lauan, Tiaong, Almon, Mayapis and Bagtikan. ..." As mentioned above these timbers are varies species of Shorea which are native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. Outside of the United States the term Philippine Mahogany applies to Lauan from Philippines, the various types of Meranti from Malaysia, Seraya from Indonesia, and Balau which is native to all. In Australia we also call them Pacific Maple. These timbers range in colour from grey to dark reddish brown and are usually used as veneers or plywood. Visually they are a lot more grainier than real mahogany. Remember though that the term Philippine mahogany could also refer to native Philippine Toona, or plantation Swietenia grown in the Philippines.
Cherrry Mahogany. Scientific names: Tieghmella heckelli and Tieghmella africana are also known as Makore. Both species grows throughout western Africa and although not a Mahogany family genus is very similar in properties to Khaya (African mahogany.) Timber uses for both species are interchangeable and used mainly for furniture, boatbuilding, and cabinetry as well as veneer. As a tonewood it is used as a laminate for electric and acoustic guitar tops and for electric guitar bodies. It is also used in making drums. Colour is pink-red to reddish-brown and sometimes it can have an attractive figure. Tieghmella africana is also called Douka. Both species are listed on the IUCN Red List as "endangered."
Santos Mahogany. Scientific name: Myroxylon balsamum. Native to Mexico, central and southern America this timber is stronger and harder than mahogany but shares a similar appearance. It is used in furniture, flooring and heavy construction. It has been used for making acoustic guitars and has been said to be similar in tone to American and African mahogany but with deeper lows.
Red Mahogany. Scientific name: Eucalyptus resinifera is a hardwood native to eastern Australia and used for furniture, flooring, panelling, boat building and general construction. It is one of approximately 800 species of Eucaluptus, most of which are native to Australia. It has been introduced into Southern Africa, Italy and Portugal, and Hawaii as a plantation crop. Much of the 4500 hectares of red mahogany plantations in Queensland Australia were destroyed by Cyclone Yasi in 2011.
Swamp Mahogany, botanical name Eucalyptus robusta is mahogany family hardwood native to a narrow coastal area in south-eastern Australia, from southern Queensland to southern New South Wales. Internationally It is one of the most widely planted Eucalyptus species having been introduced into many countries in Asia, South America and tropical Africa as well as Hawaii and the United States. The wood is generally used for construction, poles, ordinary furniture, wheels, boat building, wharf construction, shingles, pallets and boxes. The wood is also suitable for mine props, railway sleepers, vehicle bodies, agricultural implements, food containers, joinery, turnery and musical instruments such as the didgeridoo. In many countries the tree is used for firewood and as charcoal, in erosion control, as a roadside shade tree, and in Uganda it is used to drain swamps.
White Mahogany. Scientific name: Eucalyptus acmenoides is another Australian eucalypts. It is abundant in Australia and is regarded as a high quality timber. The timber has various uses, including heavy engineering, poles, railway sleepers, bridge and wharf construction, framing, decking stumps, fence posts, joists, flooring, plates and weatherboarding, and furniture. It's native Aboriginal name is Barayly and in Queensland it is often called Yellow Stringybark. I am not aware of this timber being used as a tonewood.
East Indian Mahogany. Scientific name: Pterocarpus dalbergioides. Native to the Andaman Islands of India and some parts of mainland India, this timber is also traded under the name Andaman Padauk or Narra. It is a major export timber from India and bears visual similarity to mahogany although much redder. It is used as a rosewood substitute in acoustic guitar making. There is an African equivalent, Pterocarpus soyauxii usually traded as African Padauk or Vermillion which is renowned as a tonewood for both acoustic and electric guitars.
Eastern Mahogany. Scientific name: Palaquium is a genus in the Sapotaceae family with 120 species found throughout Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Fiji. Wood from the species is also called Nato (Philippines), Nyatoh (Malaysia), Nyatuhin (Indonesia) and Masang (Thailand.) Eastern Mahogany ranges in colour from pink to red-brown. It varies wildly in weight and density and is predominately used for interior joinery, furniture, plywood and some craft applications. Recently it has found it's way as a mahogany replacement in entry-level Asian-made electric and acoustic guitars. Well-known guitar brands B.C Rich and Eastwood use this species as a mahogany substitute. Another Sapotaceae genus, Payena has 20 species, 5 of which are principal sources of commercial timber and are also traded as Nyatoh. There are no CITES restrictions on Palaquium or Payena but some species of Palaquium are listed on the IUCN Red List. NOTE: Species from this genus must not be confused with the South American genus Mora which grows in Guyana and Suriname and is also traded coincidentally as Nato, and is also used for guitar necks and bodies.
Borneo Mahogany. Scientific name: Calophyllum inophyllum is native to eastern Africa, Asia, the south Pacific and Australia. It is one of 187 species, most of which are found in Asia. No species exist in Europe. Colour is pink to reddish-brown. It goes by many names, some of the common ones being Alexandrian Laurel, Laurelwood, Bitangor, and Poon. The timber from this and other species in the genus are used for boat building, furniture, flooring and plywood. It is also used for backs and fronts of entry-level acoustic guitars.
1. There is only one genus in the Mahogany family that is considered to be "genuine" mahogany. This is Swietenia.
2. Natively grown Swietenia is almost extinct and what's left is heavily restricted.
3. "Genuine mahogany" as a term applies to Swietenia only.
4. "True mahogany" as a term applies to Mahogany family timbers in use that are not specifically Swietenia such as Khaya, Cedrela, Toona, Carapa, Chukrasia, Entandrophragma, Guarea, Dysoxylum, and Trichilia. Not all true mahoganies are suited as tonewoods.
5. Fiji and Philippines are the major suppliers of plantation Swietenia mahogany today.
6. At this time Swietenia cannot be regrown in it's native locations due to permanent damage to the environment and unsolvable problems with pests.
7. There are other timbers that have no botanical relation to the Mahogany family but are traded as "mahogany" in name only. Often these have other trade names which may also be better known.
8. You may need to ask more questions when someone talks about "Indian mahogany", "Indonesian mahogany" or "Philippine mahogany" etc. It could be either native Toona or plantation-grown Swietenia. Or in the case of "Philippine Mahogany" it might be something that has no relation to real mahogany at all.
9. No guitars made in a factory (mass-produced) are made of genuine mahogany. Zero.
10. Only high-end custom shop guitar builders make instruments with genuine mahogany. if it is genuine mahogany (Swietenia) it will be plantation-grown or possibly American mahogany obtained before the ban (over 10 years ago.) Expect to pay at least $3000 for any electric guitar or bass made of genuine mahogany.
If someone tells you a guitar is made of "mahogany", using this guide may help you ascertain what it has actually been made of. I hope you can use these and be well informed!
More information:
http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/mwg.php (CITES page dedicated to Mahogany)
Article last updated April 5, 2015 (expanded and corrected information re Indonesia.) Author: Kevin Gaskell


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BakerHostetler Partner Alan Friel Talks Big Data and Data Collection
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Fun with Fabric Dye
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Aleene's Look of Metal Burnt Brown Bag Video
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- News tagged "ios"
Tuesday, 27 Nov 2012
Facebook Puts Pressure on Staff to Switch from iOS to Android
According to TechCrunch, the popular social networking group has now "plastered posters across its headquarters", egging on employees to "switch from [iOS to Android] today".
Monday, 19 Nov 2012
Analysts: Google's Android Innovation Outpacing Apple
Analysts have attributed Android's phenomenal smartphone market share to low prices and faster innovation.
Thursday, 15 Nov 2012
Bug in Apple's iOS 6.0 Triggers Multiple Downloads for Audio Streams
According to PRX Labs, a bug in Apple's iOS 6.0′s Audio Playback framework is causing audio streams and podcasts to be downloaded multiple times, leading to data overages for users streaming audio over cellular connections.
Thursday, 8 Nov 2012
Leaked: Screenshots of Office 2013 for Android and iOS
Screenshots of Office 2013 for Android and iOS have been leaked and it appears the software is nearing completion. According to The Verge who spoke with 'several sources', the applications are indeed real and will be released in early 2013.
Wednesday, 7 Nov 2012
Xbox SmartGlass App Now Available for iOS Devices
After launching on Android a week or so ago, the new Xbox SmartGlass app is now available on iOS devices.
Monday, 5 Nov 2012
London to Replace 14,000 Street Lamps with iPad-Controlled Ones
The city of London is upgrading its street lamps with 14,000 more efficient iPad-controlled ones over the next four years.
Tuesday, 30 Oct 2012
The Truth Behind Scott Forstall's Departure?
Scott Forstall, Apple's SVP for iOS software, is leaving Apple at the end of the year. But all is not as it seems as sources are reporting that he was let go because he was stubborn, manipulative, brash and disliked by Apple's top brass.
Thursday, 25 Oct 2012
Apple Predicted to Launch Thinner 9.7-inch iPad Next Year
With the announcement of the iPad mini and fourth-gen iPad with A6X chip just fresh out of the oven, industry analysts are already looking to greener pastures - a thinner 9.7-inch iPad might just be around the corner.
Monday, 15 Oct 2012
iPad Mini Pricing Leaked?
While it hasn't been made official yet, the alleged iPad Mini has been getting quite a fair bit of coverage. This time, the price list of the different iPad Mini variants seems to have made its way up on the Internet.
Thursday, 11 Oct 2012
Rumor: Office 2013 for Android and iOS To Be Released in March 2013
It is rumored that Microsoft will be releasing Office 2013 as a mobile software suite for both Android and iOS devices. This is according to the Czech website IHNED who spoke to a Microsoft product manager.


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Sekou Biddle
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The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is preparing a guide for reining in high-frequency trading. It could be released as early as next week. The guide discusses ideas such as labeling HFT firms so regulators can more closely examine their trades, as well as scrutinizing fees and incentives that might distort the market.
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Motorcycle Accessories
Motorcycle Adult Womens Gloves
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Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Wristband
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Leather Studded Bowtie Choker
Feeling a bit dangerous this Halloween? Add the Leather Studded Bow-tie Choker to a motorcycle chick or punk rock costume (sold separately) and you'll instantly turn into a rock star.
Black Mutton Chops
Every old school gentleman has this facial hair style, now you can get it to with the Black Mutton Chops. Features black facial hair that reaches from the top of the ear to the bottom of the mouth.
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The Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO) or SOA, is an outlaw motorcycle club and organized crime syndicate. Commit crimes real and imagined when you add this awesome silicone bracelet to your Halloween costume and look bad to the bone.
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HOUSTON The Pasadena girl who was abducted and assaulted knew her attacker, Pasadena police said.
The 14-year-old girl was walking home from a school bus stop Monday in the Clear Brook Meadows subdivision when it happened, Pasadena Independent School District officials said.
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Below is the poem entitled My Bleeding Heart which was written by poet
Sivey. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Russell Sivey
Maybe blood will get on you, from my heart
My still bleeding heart beats for only you
I find pain so immense, you tear me apart
You have made me so lost by what you do
You destroyed my tenderness, my essence
Nothing remains in me but true heartache
I bleed because I'm alive, but with less
I thought at one time you're my perfect mate
Things took a turn for worse one cloudy day
Large injury I acquired by your stab
In the dark you came wielding what you may
To hurt my heart, a wound without a scab
I'm glad you got some of my burning blood
Now listen, for my heart's about to thud
Russell Sivey


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All Paula Findlay: Page 1
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Triathlon Canada's New High-Performance Director Looks To Heal Wounds
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Simon Whitfield Blasts Management Of Teammate Findlay's Injury
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Paula Findlay Making Progress In Battle With Hip injury
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The ache in Paula Findlay's right hip has subsided.
Paula Findlay Withdraws From ITU Sydney Race
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The hip injury that plagued Paula Findlay throughout 2011 may still be an issue.
Olympic Medal Favorites: The Women
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- Updated Oct 31, 2014 at 4:37 PM UTC
The women's circuit is the Wild Wild West in that any woman can win on any given day.
Findlay Ready To Race Again
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Olympic medalist favorite Paula Findlay will kick off her season in Mooloolaba at the end of the month.
Findlay Reacts To Olympic Selection
- By Triathlete.com
- Published Nov 8, 2011
- Updated Jan 5, 2012 at 6:19 PM UTC
Canada's Paula Findlay talks about being selected by Triathlon Canada to represent the country in triathlon at the 2012 London Olympics.


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Heavy Equipment Training in Indiana with Program Descriptions
Research heavy equipment training programs in Indiana, which currently has one school offering programs. Read an overview of degree programs, tuition info and program options for this school and decide which program is right for you.
Essential Information
There is only one school in Indiana that provides heavy equipment training. This public 4-year university offers students the choice of two associate's degree programs. One of these programs provides students with the background for careers in the mining industry, and the other program prepares them for employment as diesel technicians who maintain and repair different types of heavy equipment and diesel trucks. A cooperative experience is included in the curriculum.
Vincennes University
Vincennes University offers an 80-hour Associate of Science in Diesel Technology that is geared toward the maintenance and repair of diesel trucks and heavy equipment. Students in this program can choose a John Deere agricultural technology or a John Deere consumer and commercial equipment concentration. Students in both programs learn how to service and repair diesel engines, tractors and other types of equipment. A cooperative work experience is required for each concentration. Vincennes University also provides a 74-hour Associate of Science in Mining Technology with a curriculum that teaches mining practices, mining health and safety, mining law and regulations, operations management and mine environment. This program prepares students for management positions in the mining industry.
School Information Table
|School Name
|School Type and Setting
|Degrees Offered
|Tuition and Fees (2012-2013)
|Vincennes University
|4-year, public; remote town
|Associate of Science in Diesel Technology,
Associate of Science in Mining Technology
|$4,882 in-state; $11,542 out-of-state*
Source: *NCES College Navigator.
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Sending An Application Keystrokes With "SendMessage"Apr 12, 2011
I have all the handle capturing and gui set up. I'm stumped as to how to perform the actual step.
I have this code:
SendMessage(New IntPtr(CurrentHandle), WHAT,GOES,HERE?)
However, none of these are giving much of the "code example" method that I need to learn how to do it. I just need to send key events such as pressing "/" or "w", etc. No, I can't use sendkeys for this.


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ADDitude's top ADD/ADHD experts answer readers' questions about parenting children with, and about adults living with, ADD/ADHD.« Recent Blog Posts
Archives: September 2011
posted: Tuesday September 27th - 9:00am
Teachers With Adult ADHD: Work Accomodations Available?
"Are there any state-mandated accommodations for teachers who have been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD? I told my principal about my condition, but I haven't requested accommodations -- yet."
posted: Thursday September 15th - 9:00am
ADHD and Obsessive Thoughts: Too Clingy, Insecure?
"I've been noticing a huge problem with every relationship I enter," one reader with adult ADD/ADHD tells us. "I automatically become too attached to the person and constantly jump to conclusions about what they're doing when I'm not with them."
posted: Tuesday September 13th - 11:00am
How ADHD Symptoms Affect Couples
"How do I get my partner to admit that attention deficit (ADD/ADHD) is ruining our relationship?" one non-ADHD partner asks.
posted: Thursday September 8th - 11:30am
Grow Out of ADHD?
Is it possible to outgrow attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD)? This is a common question parents of diagnosed children ask and one diagnosed young adults and adults may wonder as they grow up and mature.
posted: Tuesday September 6th - 2:00pm
How Can I Find an ADHD-Friendly Career?
"I'm 34, and I don't have a career," one reader tells us. "People expect more from me because I graduated from college, but it's hard for me to learn most things and I have a bad memory. Are there jobs for me? I just don't feel smart enough to work."
posted: Thursday September 1st - 8:00am« The Experts's blog
Anxiety at Work
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The engine may misfire and/or buck while driving at freeway speeds with no fault code stored in the powertrain control module (PCM). This can be caused by an intermittent fault with the camshaft synchronizer assembly. This condition can be diagnosed by monitoring knock sensor data as per Ford service bulletin #05-22-12. Replacement of the synchronizer assembly will be required to correct this concern.
1991 Ford Ranger Problem Reports
Most Reported 1991 Ford Ranger Problem Reports
If you experience cold starting problems, stalling at idle, or hesitations during acceleration, it may be the idle air bypass valve. This valve helps the vehicle idle steadily and run when the accelerator pedal is not pressed.
it seems to bog down when u press on the accelerator if u go slow i mean real slow it does ok also seems to bog down when it reaches 3k rpm like its starving for fuel or getting too much
If a noise from the rear end is heard when going around turns or after driving at highway speed for an extended period, this could be caused by a failing deferential clutch kit. An updated differential clutch kit available.
The front brakes may stick, bind, or grab. This can happen when the front brake caliper pins become corroded. Cleaning or replacing the caliper pins will be necessary to correct this problem.
The battery light may illuminate on the instrument panel because the alternator wire harness connector is damaged. A new connector kit is available and should be installed to correct this concern.
Need to replace heater core as it's leaking into cabin floor in 1991 Ford Ranger. What are the steps to avoid trouble down the road.
Thanks, radar


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In this course, photographer and author Jan Kabili walks you through importing, organizing, and finding your photos using the Organizer in Adobe Photoshop Elements 11. The course covers importing photos from your camera and computer; reviewing and evaluating photos; tagging images with ratings, keywords, people, and places; working with files and folders; and creating and organizing albums. Jan also shows how to find images with metadata and in the timeline, and how to apply instant photo fixes and Quick Edit image adjustments.
One way to organize photos in the Organizer is into Albums. An Album is a virtual collection of photos that may be located in different folders or even on different hard drives. When you put photos into an Album, you're not moving them in your file structure, you're just linking to them wherever they're located so that you can see and work with them altogether. For example, if I'm working on a photo project like a book or a calendar, I'll make an Album of photos that may be located in various places in my File system. To create an Album, I'll make sure that the panel on the left side of my Organizer is showing and if it isn't, I'll come down here and click the Show Panel button.
If I happen to be in the Folders Hierarchy view like this, I'll click this icon to go back to the Folders List view. And in that view, above the My Folders panel, I'll see the Albums panel. Here, to make a New Album, I'll click the green + symbol. And from the drop down menu, I'll choose New Album. That opens a column over on the other side of the Organizer with a panel labeled Add New Album. Here, I'll give my album a name. Let's say, I'm putting together a book of photos about autumn, so I'll name this album Autumn Book; and then as it tells me to do here, I'll drag and drop items into this area of the panel on the right to add content to this album.
An important point about an Album is that I can bring in content from any folder, on any drive, as long as that content is already in my Catalog. So for example, here I have a folder, the 05 _01 folder, with the number of photos in it. I'm going to select some of these photos, I'll click on this one and hold the Shift key and click on this one to get those three, and then I'll drag from the Grid into the Content Tab in the Add New Album panel. And when I release my mouse, you can see thumbnails of those three photos in the Content Tab.
Now, I can add photos from another folder. So I'll go over here to this 05_01_ taos folder and I'll select both of those photos--clicking on one and control- clicking or command-clicking on the Mac-- on the other, and I'll drag those over into the Content Tab of the Add New Album panel as well. So now I have five items in my Album, I'll click okay. Here, I'm looking at the contents of the 05_01_taos folder and I can see that both of these photos are in an album, because each has a little green icon at its bottom right.
And if I move my cursor over that icon, it tells me the name of the album, the Autumn Book album, for that photo, and for that photo. And if I go up to the top of this column and I click on the Autumn Book album that now appears in the Albums panel, I can see all of photos that are linked to this album. Again, I haven't moved these photos on my hard drive. Putting them in this album, just lets me see them all together here in the album. And one of the benefits of having photos in album is that I can change their order.
So let's say that I want this to be the first photo in the album, I'll just click and drag it over to the left to change its order. And this is a good way to plan the sequencing of photos in a project like a photobook. What if I want to add more photos to an album or maybe delete some photos from an album? To edit an album, I'll right-click on the Album Name here in the Albums panel and I'll choose Edit. And that opens the column on the right to the Edit Album panel. If I want to delete one or more of these photos from the album, I'll just select them here in the Content Tab and then I'll click the trash icon at the bottom of this panel. And then I'll click okay.
And that removed that photo from this album. However, it did not remove the photo from my Catalog. That photo is still where it always was, down here in the 05_01_taos folder on my computer. And you can see that that photo no longer has a green album symbol on it, because it's not part of an album. Similarly, to add a new photo to an album, I'll right-click the name of the album, I'll choose Edit. And then I'll go to one of my folders, I'll go to my 05_01 folder, and I'll select this p hoto and drag it into the Content Tab in the Edit Album panel and click okay.
And now, when I go back up to My Album, you can see that photo is now part of the album as well. A photo can be in more than one album. So, let's say that I'm making another album for a slideshow about Colorado, and I want to use some of these same photos in that album. Again, I'll go to the Albums panel and click the green + symbol. I'll select New Album. And then over in the column on the right, which has now changed to read Add New Album, I'll give this New Album a name. I'll call this one Colorado Slideshow, and I'll drag a couple of photos in here.
Now, I can drag them in from the existing album, or I could go back to My Folders and drag them in from there. So let's say I want this photo and this photo in my Colorado Slideshow album. They're still in my Autumn Book album, but when I click okay, I'll have a second album, the Colorado Slideshow album, and those two photos will be there as well. And those two photos are still located in the original folder where they always were. Now, I think some people use Albums a little too enthusiastically. They make too many albums and then this list of albums gets so long that it's almost useless.
Instead, I suggest that you use Albums as a way to gather together photos from different locations when you need those photos to be together for a specific purpose. What I would caution against is using Albums as subject matter categories. You don't need to do that because you already have folders and keywords to help you keep track of your photos by subject. If your list of Albums does get long, you can always tidy it up by making some Album categories as I'll show you how to do in the next movie.
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Show Time
Arnel: Journey gig halted by Easter, elections
The return concert of rock band Journey, scheduled on March 21 at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, has been canceled.
A statement from Journey front man Arnel Pineda, which was posted on smtickets.com and confirmed by MOA Arena marketing head Nicole Mariz C. Deato, explained the reasons for the show's cancelation.
Pineda's statement read: "Due to the extreme importance of the Easter holiday in my home country, as well as the deserved widespread media attention on the upcoming election in Manila, the ticket sales for Journey's upcoming show have understandably been somewhat slow. We have decided it is best for everyone to postpone the Manila concert until the next time Journey tours in Asia. We are very sorry that we won't be able to see our fans this year, but we will see you again soon. You know we all love to play in Manila!"
Journey performed in Manila on March 14, 2009, to introduce Arnel Pineda as its new front man. That concert drew in a crowd of over 30,000 at the SM MOA concert grounds.
2 more aborted shows
The Journey concert cancelation came on the heels of two other aborted performances this month—the "Smash Project 2013" scheduled on March 8 also at the SM MOA Arena, and the "Adam Lambert Live in Manila" set on March 1 at the SM North Edsa Skydome.
"Smash Project 2013" would have been a gathering of nine popular punk rock and rock bands such as Sum 41, Woe, Is Me, Of Mice & Men and headlined by All Time Low. Lambert's concert would have been his second in the Philippines, after his "Glam Nation Tour" in October 2010 at the Mall of Asia open concert grounds.
Inquirer Entertainment asked SM MOA Arena management the reason for the cancelations. MOA Arena then e-mailed a letter from Diego Pineda, owner of the two concerts' organizer Dayly Entertainment. Part of his letter read: "We are going through some things in our company and we hope to resolve it soon. We are making sure everything will be [settled] … as well."
SM Tickets is refunding all tickets sold for the three canceled shows. For more details, call 4702222 or log on to www.smtickets.com.
Experimental music
Canadian musician and music video director Grimes will perform at the Hard Rock Café in Makati City on March 14. The 25-year-old Vancouver native, whose real name is Claire Boucher, has released three albums since 2010. The third one, "Visions," has been acclaimed by the New York Times as "one of the most impressive albums of (2012)." Grimes' music has been noted by critics for its atypical combination of vocal elements, as well as a wide array of influences ranging from industrial and electronic to pop, hip-hop, R&B, noise rock and even medieval music.
The show, which starts at 8 p.m., will also feature Baltimore-based singer and sitarist Ami Dang and electro-pop band Eyedress. "Grimes Live in Manila" is presented by Kindassault. Tickets are available at Gweilos Makati and Eastwood, Odyssey Greenbelt and Rockwell, Dr. Martens and Route 196.
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East about to be overrun by billions of cicadas
Friday - 5/10/2013, 2:10pm EDT
AP Science Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) -- Any day now, billions of cicadas with bulging red eyes will crawl out of the earth after 17 years underground and overrun the East Coast. The insects will arrive in such numbers that people from North Carolina to Connecticut will be outnumbered roughly 600-to-1. Maybe more.
Scientists even have a horror-movie name for the infestation: Brood II. But as ominous as that sounds, the insects are harmless. They won't hurt you or other animals. At worst, they might damage a few saplings or young shrubs. Mostly they will blanket certain pockets of the region, though lots of people won't ever see them.
"It's not like these hordes of cicadas suck blood or zombify people," says May Berenbaum, a University of Illinois entomologist.
They're looking for just one thing: sex. And they've been waiting quite a long time.
Since 1996, this group of 1-inch bugs, in wingless nymph form, has been a few feet underground, sucking on tree roots and biding their time. They will emerge only when the ground temperature reaches precisely 64 degrees. After a few weeks up in the trees, they will die and their offspring will go underground, not to return until 2030.
"It's just an amazing accomplishment," Berenbaum says. "How can anyone not be impressed?"
And they will make a big racket, too. The noise all the male cicadas make when they sing for sex can drown out your own thoughts, and maybe even rival a rock concert. In 2004, Gene Kritsky, an entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Cincinnati, measured cicadas at 94 decibels, saying it was so loud "you don't hear planes flying overhead."
There are ordinary cicadas that come out every year around the world, but these are different. They're called magicicadas -- as in magic -- and are red-eyed. And these magicicadas are seen only in the eastern half of the United States, nowhere else in the world.
There are 15 U.S. broods that emerge every 13 or 17 years, so that nearly every year, some place is overrun. Last year it was a small area, mostly around the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, West Virginia and Tennessee. Next year, two places get hit: Iowa into Illinois and Missouri; and Louisiana and Mississippi. And it's possible to live in these locations and actually never see them.
This year's invasion, Brood II, is one of the bigger ones. Several experts say that they really don't have a handle on how many cicadas are lurking underground but that 30 billion seems like a good estimate. At the Smithsonian Institution, researcher Gary Hevel thinks it may be more like 1 trillion.
Even if it's merely 30 billion, if they were lined up head to tail, they'd reach the moon and back.
"There will be some places where it's wall-to-wall cicadas," says University of Maryland entomologist Mike Raupp.
Strength in numbers is the key to cicada survival: There are so many of them that the birds can't possibly eat them all, and those that are left over are free to multiply, Raupp says.
But why only every 13 or 17 years? Some scientists think they come out in these odd cycles so that predators can't match the timing and be waiting for them in huge numbers. Another theory is that the unusual cycles ensure that different broods don't compete with each other much.
And there's the mystery of just how these bugs know it's been 17 years and time to come out, not 15 or 16 years.
"These guys have evolved several mathematically clever tricks," Raupp says. "These guys are geniuses with little tiny brains."
Past cicada invasions have seen as many as 1.5 million bugs per acre. Of course, most places along the East Coast won't be so swamped, and some places, especially in cities, may see zero, says Chris Simon of the University of Connecticut. For example, Staten Island gets this brood of cicadas, but the rest of New York City and Long Island don't, she says. The cicadas also live beneath the metro areas of Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington.
Scientists and ordinary people with a bug fetish travel to see them. Thomas Jefferson once wrote about an invasion of this very brood at Monticello, his home in Virginia.
While they stay underground, the bugs aren't asleep. As some of the world's longest-lived insects, they go through different growth stages and molt four times before ever getting to the surface. They feed on a tree fluid called xylem. Then they go aboveground, where they molt, leaving behind a crusty brown shell, and grow a half-inch bigger.


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Highly decorated police officer and former Intelligence Bureau Chief Ajit Doval, considered one of the finest operational brains, was today appointed as the National Security Adviser. 69-year-old Doval's is the second key appointment made after Prime Minister Narendra Modi assumed charge. The first was that of Nripendra Misra as Modi's Principal Secretary.
According to the official order, the appointment of Doval, who retired in January 2005 as Intelligence Bureau Chief, takes effect from today. His appointment will be co-terminus with the term of the Prime Minister or till further orders, whichever is earlier, the order said. The name of Doval had started doing rounds in the power corridors ever since Modi became Prime Minister-designate.
Doval had met Modi at Gujarat Bhavan and gave him a brief on security challenges facing the country.
Having the distinction of being the first police officer who received 'Kirti Chakra', a military honour, Doval will be providing his deep insight about the threats faced by the country from within and from outside. A 1968-batch IPS officer, Doval, known one of the best operational brains within intelligence circles, was India's main negotiator with the hijackers of Indian Airlines plane IC-814 taken to Kandahar in 1999.
After a few years in uniform, Doval had worked as an intelligence officer for over 33 years during which he had served in the Northeast, Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. Doval had also done diplomatic assignments in Pakistan and the UK and later headed the operations wing of the Intelligence Bureau for over a decade, responsible for counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence and counter- insurgency.
After his retirement from service, he was running Delhi-based NGO 'Vivekananda International Foundation' which provided a platform for dialogue and conflict resolutions.
Known for his clear insight into and vision on Indian and global security issues, Doval has spoken extensively at home and abroad on strengthening the Indian security apparatus and forging closer cooperation among security forces globally. He was the first police officer to have been awarded with President's Police Medal for gallantry in just six years of service. This is generally granted after 15 years.
Doval had conducted anti-insurgency operations in Mizoram and brought Mizo insurgent leader Laldenga to the negotiating table by winning over six of his seven commanders. He had clandestinely gone into Burma and China to break the dominance of Mizo insurgent outfit.
In 1989, he had led a team of Intelligence Bureau officials along with the Punjab Police and National Security Guards in "Operation Black Thunder" to flush out terrorists from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. Doval had also successfully planned the rescue of Romanian diplomat Liviu Radu who was abducted by Khalistan Liberation Front in 1991.
During his tenure in Kashmir, Doval was able to break the rank and files of militant groups.


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GSP vs Kevlar
Reviewer: A viewer from Trussville, AL US
GSP is a great alternative to Kevlar thread. GSP, in my opinion, is just as strong and comes in more colors than most Kevlar threads. There are still times I use kevlar, like when I can't afford to risk breaking my thread, but I use GSP just as much if not more.
Reviewer: A viewer from Little Elm, TX US
WOW... This stuff is amazing. I tied some 100 denier to a hook and tried to break it and it would either bend my hook or yank it out of the vise. I bought this to spin deer hair with and I have to say it is the best I have used. You can really pull tight and not worry at all. I think it is fairly comparable to a 6/0 thread in size and don't see a need to go higher unless you are tying really large flies. I am also using this stuff to lash the tips of my fly line with just because it is so strong and absorbant with the head cement.


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Olive Street Apartments138 E Amerige Ave, Fullerton, CA 92832 View On Map (714) 870-8798
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Nuns in the Sun ; Strange but True Bizarre Stories From Around the World
August 10, 2008
AN inflatable chapel has been set up at a beach to lure sunseekers to prayer.
The Catholic Church say the 98ft blow-up in the Molise region of Italy will be run by priests and nuns.
(c) 2008 Sunday Mail; Glasgow (UK). Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning. All rights Reserved.


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By a razor thin margin, the citizen petition that will ban hydraulic fracturing in the City of Broomfield passed by 17 votes. Initially, it was thought that the ban had been defeated. Based on unofficial results from election night, the petition was 13 votes short of passing. As a result of outstanding votes, including military and overseas ballots, that were counted Tuesday night, the anti-fracking petition passed by 17 votes. Because the petition's approval was so narrow, a recount is mandatory under Colorado law.
We will continue to follow the Broomfield anti-fracking petition on the North American Shale Blog.
Media coverage can be found here and here.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
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Description: Here is one of the newer Chutney / Bhajan Soca song from Trinidad & Tobago.
ADESH SAMAROO Rajin - Download MP3 music or MP4 video:
Watch Video OnlineDownload MP3 Download Video
Are you the owner of this convertable material and do you want to disable the conversion of your media on clip.dj? Then you can request a conversion block for this video.
Blast from The Past, Adesh Samaroo's hit song Rajin Jheem Jheem Jhoom. I didn't see this song on Youtube, so I decided to post it for all you chutney lovers.
Song: Rajin Jeem Jeem Joom Dedicated to Uncle Channa ; ) plz rate comment n subscribe = )
Adesh Samaroo sings Rajin live on 106FM in front of Ralph's Pharmacy.
I don't own this (no copyright intended) :)
Performance from The Codrington Pan Family 10th Anniversary Concert on October 2, 2009 at the St. James Amphitheatre. Rhythm Section, Adesh Samaroo - Rajin &...
In "D' Yard" - Adesh Samaroo's Hit "Rajin Jheem Jheem Jhoom"
Song Title: Baraat Leaving - Singer: Adesh Samaroo - Written by Adesh Samaroo - Dholak by Raj Singh - Produced by Rishi Gayadeen - Mix & Mastered by Fareed M...
ADESH SAMAROO - BARAAT LEAVING [ WEDDING SONG ] 2014 CHUTNEY SOCA Written by: Adesh Samaroo Dholak by: Raj Singh Produced by: Rishi Gayadeen Mix & Mastered b...
who guh marry yuh gyal oh who guh marry yuh doh mind yuh face like a guzimanicu but what yuh have to change gyal is yuh attitude.
Song Title: Mangay Kay Roti - Singer: Adesh Samaroo - Produced by Rishi Gayadeen - Mixed & Mastered by Fareed Mohammed [FM Studios] (Chutney 2014)
Conchaz Compilation - All About Di Rum- Adesh Samaroo - Rum Till I Die.
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