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Santana 525 Main Halyard issue
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Santana 525 Main Halyard issue
I've had this Santana 525 ('78) for less than a year, so I don't know its history. It has a wire-to-rope internal halyard, and the wire just got a fatal fray near the wire-rope interface.
-I'd replace it with an all-rope halyard, but I can't do that without knowing what the sheave is like up top.
-I'd go up top to look at the sheave, but the main halyard is the broken one, and the jib halyards (there's two) don't go high enough. With messenger lines, I could temporary replace the main halyard with a jib halyard, just to send a climber to the top.
-Basically, if the sheave could handle 5/16" rope, I'd go all-rope. If it can only take wire, and is in fine shape, I'd go with wire-to-rope halyard. If the sheave looks messed up, or seized, I'd think about replacing it, which doesn't sound fun. OR, I could just say screw it, and send up a new wire-to-rope halyard just like the one I'm replacing, without even checking up there.
Any advice? I feel like I'm dealing with a lot of different variables up there.
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Becoming an Instagram Influencer: 3 Things You Need to Know
Instagram is becoming one of the biggest social networks out there. From its photo opportunities to its video and hyperlapse features, Instagram is a social medium that no business – including ones in healthcare – should overlook.[read more]
Beyond the Buzz: A Beginner's Guide to Facebook Advertising for Your Healthcare Brand
Boasting over 1 billion active users, Facebook is one of the most popular social networks today. This week's Beyond the Buzz takes you you step-by-step through the process of creating a winning Facebook ad campaign for your healthcare brand.[read more]
Why Retail Competition for Doctors Is Just Plain Scary
During the past five to 10 years, competition among healthcare providers has gone from fairly benign or annoyingly disruptive to a painful upheaval. From hospitals and health systems to solo practitioners, the competitive landscape has changed, and one of the most significant factors that many doctors find especially scary is the staggering ramp-up and value-added sophistication of retail clinics as the platform for health care delivery in the US.[read more]
Recent Infographics
How Technology Bolsters Patient Care
An ever-faster development cycle in the technology space is transforming every aspect of our lives. The healthcare sector is no exception. Mobile innovations now make it possible for patients to monitor their own vital signs and information like blood sugar levels, access personal medical information from anywhere and participate more fully in their own care with apps and even games designed to promote health.[read more]
Call to Action: America's Health Rankings Senior Report
Rankings reports are a great way to spur the public and policymakers to pay attention to important issues. The 2015 America's Health Rankings Senior Report from the United Health Foundation, released today, is a case in point. I had an opportunity to interview Dr. Reed Tuckson, senior medical advisor to the Foundation, about the report.[read more]
Schmoozing for Cancer, Part II
If you become part of the Patient Power community, we don't schmooze with you once but all the time. It's the way we interact. And we believe it's unique. We talk with people, not at them, and we want to know everyone's story. That's why our town meetings are not seminars, they are conversations.[read more]
Apple Watch: Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Looking for something useful to do with your Apple Watch? Dexcom, the maker of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for diabetics, suggests you use the watch to monitor CGM –your own or someone else's. This functionality has been available as a smartphone app, but the watch version is designed to be more convenient and discreet.[read more]
Patient Care: Better Support Is Better Treatment
For most patients, their initial reaction and attitude sets the tone for their road to wellness. Depending on the severity of an illness, patients often get confused about the proper way of getting better. A visit to the doctor's office is ideal and beneficial in diagnosing these illnesses and learning how to get better or cope.[read more]
Telemedicine Requires Optimism and Patience: Dispatches from American Telemedicine 2015
Image via Shutterstock
The 21st annual American Telemedicine Conference wrapped up last week in Los Angeles. While there were amazing patient success stories, and a group of people dedicated to the success of telemedicine, it was slightly depressing that after 20 years, there are still people questioning the value and calling for more data as well as no consistent reimbursement except in rural settings. Here are a few high-level impressions of the event.[read more]
Mobile Health and Data Safety: Convenience vs. Privacy
Technology may be revolutionizing the healthcare industry, but while mobile health applications and cloud-based management are convenient, many think they may be compromising the privacy of healthcare data. Can the healthcare industry properly balance convenience and privacy in the digital age?[read more]
"Like sub-cultures, many business sectors develop their jargon. For an industry such as pharma, which provides itself on professional communications practice, this article is particularly valid. There are many examples of best practice, especially developed by colleagues specialising in communications aimed towards consumers of healthcare. When it comes to some of the more commercially ..."
"I know this article deals with UK regs - and once again this shows how behind the US is - but I want to comment anyway. As someone that deals with a difficult to manage set of conditions, these apps and devices that monitor vitals and log them are invaluable to me and my HCPs. Now that there are apps that automatically record certain values, it certainly adds credibility to my verbal ..."
"I know this article deals with UK regs - and once again this shows how behind the US is - but I want to comment anyway. As someone that deals with a difficult to manage set of conditions, these apps and devices that monitor vitals and log them are invaluable to me and my HCPs. Now that there ..."
"Like sub-cultures, many business sectors develop their jargon. For an industry such as pharma, which provides itself on professional communications practice, this article is particularly valid. There are many examples of best practice, especially developed by colleagues specialising in ..."
David Davidovic David built and led commercial functions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for 33 years and has been di More »
Barbara Ficarra Barbara Ficarra, RN, BSN, MPA is an award-winning journalist, media broadcaster, health educator, speaker and consultant More »
David Harlow David Harlow is Prinicipal of the Harlow Group LLC, a healthcare law and consulting firm based in Boston, MA. More »
Stephen Schimpff Stephen C. Schimpff, MD is the retired CEO of the Univ. of MD Med. Center and the COO of the Univ of MD Medical System. More »
Andrew Schorr Andrew, a leukemia survivor and respected medical journalist is the founder of PatientPower, an excellent web resource. More »
John Sharp John Sharp has interests in social media in healthcare and clinical research informatics including secondary use of EMR More »
Christina Thielst Christina Thielst is a hospital administrator, consultant, educator and author with 30 years of healthcare experience. More »

subset: commoncrawl


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The House Committee on Veterans' Affairs is putting together legislation to give autonomy back to a Gulf War illness advisory committee that has been stripped of its independence over the past year. The legislation would give the Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses independent budget control and would require that its members be appointed by congressional veterans committees.
"The committee is essentially having its legs cut out from underneath it," said Diane Zumato, legislative director for AMVETS, a veterans' service organization. "Veterans Affairs had a good idea in having this oversight group, and now it seems that they don't really like what they're hearing because the group isn't parroting what VA is saying."
Last week, Veterans Affairs notified the advisory committee that it could no longer release committee reports or recommendations without written VA approval. In the past year, Veterans Affairs has:
• Notified the advisory committee members that all but one of them would be replaced.
• Ended the tenure of Jim Binns, a Vietnam veteran and former principal deputy assistant secretary of Defense under President George H.W. Bush, as chairman of the board.
• Removed its charge to review the effectiveness of VA research.
• Moved back toward looking at stress as a cause of Gulf War illness, rather than following up on evidence that it is caused by environmental exposures, such as to insect repellent, anti-nerve agent pills and Sarin gas, as recent studies have shown.
VA did not address the committee's issues about losing their autonomy directly, but sent a statement about Gulf War illness in general: "VA agrees that there are health issues associated with service in the Gulf War, and is committed to ensuring Gulf War Veterans have access to the care and benefits they have earned and deserve," the statement reads. "VA is clear in our commitment to treating these health issues and does not support the notion some have put forward that these health symptoms arise as a result of post-traumatic stress disorder or other mental health issues that arose as a result of being deployed."
The statement said that VA appreciates the "valuable advice" the research advisory committee provides "on research studies, plans and strategies aimed at improving our ability to serve Gulf War veterans."
While legislators were not able to speak about the legislation because it has not been finalized, Zumato said AMVETS members would reach out to every Congress member this week to talk about environmental toxins like those the 1991 Gulf War veterans were exposed to. She said organizers would make an issue of Gulf War illness so more recent vets — as well as future vets — would have access to care for all potential toxic exposures.
"It's not just Gulf War," said Zumato, who joined the Women's Army Corps before it was incorporated into the Army in 1978. "It's anybody whose been exposed to any kind of toxic environment and now they have a very strong possibility of having illnesses caused by those exposures."
She said she fears the veterans' injuries will continue to be ignored, or to be treated as mental health injuries, rather than physical injuries, to avoid having to pay medical costs. VA has said that it disagrees with the advisory committee, and that it agrees Gulf War Illness is a physical ailment.
This week, Binns sent a letter to VA Secretary Eric Shinseki letter that included 16 pages of research review that VA had prohibited the committee from including in its research report.
"That whole 16 pages is basically one example after another of VA's staff efforts to reintroduce the idea that stress caused this problem," Binns said. The advisory committee was formed in 1997 after a congressional report found that VA's work on "Gulf War issues" was "irreparably flawed."
Congress found that VA had focused most, if not all, of its attention on psychiatric causes of the illness. Symptoms of Gulf War illness include fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive issues, rashes and irritable bowel syndrome. Recently, researchers have found changes in veterans' brains that signify physical degeneration, and that a greater number of troops were exposed to small doses of sarin gas after the Air Force bombed an Iraqi chemical factory.
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs is rolling out the VA2Vets Tour to make sure eligible veterans get the benefits that are available to them. The nationwide tour includes 70 RV's that are set up as mobile vet centers. Over the next year, they will visit every county in Georgia as well as roam the nation to reach as many other counties as possible.
The goal is to be accessible to Veterans who might otherwise not have access to a VA Center. The tour is kicking off in Georgia. According to the VA, Georgia is home to 770,000 veterans, thousands of whom aren't using, but may be eligible for, benefits through the VA.
These include benefits like health care, help with buying a home, and money for a college education. "59% of Veterans know little to nothing about their benefits and these are life changing benefits," said Tommy Sowers, assistant secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. "They change millions of Veterans lives, they changed my life."
Vets can come to the mobile centers to get information, meet with counselors, and even sign up for benefits right there on the spot. One of the first stops on the tour was at Georgia Tech University. PHD student Mock Abdelaal served in the U.S. Marine Corps.
"I served in Iraq and I was there for the invasion," he said.
Abdelaal stopped by the mobile vet center. He says he knew the VA was there for him and knew they offered various services, but wasn't aware of the extent.
"I didn't realize that I had 5 years of guaranteed medical coverage, cost free … because I'm a combat vet. So I didn't realize that and I had gone to doctors and paid money," he said.
He says if he's not aware of certain benefits, he can only imagine the benefits that older generations are missing out on. He thinks these mobile units will help. "I have high hopes that people can get covered and get taken care of".


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Letters to editor: Zimmerman-Martin case
Reaction to verdict heats up readers
Furthermore, to create a nexus with the stand your ground law, when as best I can tell, was never brought into play is somewhat dishonest. This was a self-defense case, as such to implicate stand your ground is dumbfounding and obviously opportunistic. This is bringing politics to a new low.
Ron Pregmon
Civil court ruled against Simpson
Zimmerman was acquitted and found not guilty; he was not found to be innocent. There was simply insufficient evidence for a conviction. While O.J. Simpson was acquitted of murder, a civil court awarded a judgment against Simpson for wrongful deaths. Debate that!
Richard Brown
San Diego
No outcry over O.J. Simpsom verdict
I am surprised and disappointed to see the level of virulence from the African American community in the wake of the George Zimmerman acquittal. Why was there not this type of outcry from the African American community when a jury acquitted O.J. Simpson of murdering his ex-wife and her friend? Where were Rev Al Sharpton and the protesters demanding justice when O.J. Simpson walked out of court a free man? Craig Bradshaw
El Cajon


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The Killing seems to be the luckiest TV show around.
Months after AMC cancelled the crime drama for a second time, Netflix has come to the rescue and picked The Killing up for a fourth and final season of six episodes. Stars Mireille Enos and Joel Kinnaman are on board, as is showrunner Veena Sud. AMC is not connected with the new deal.
In a statement, Cindy Holland, vice president of original content for Netflix said, "The rich, serialized storytelling in The Killing thrives on Netflix, and we believe that it is only fitting to give Sarah Linden and Stephen Holder a proper send off… We are looking forward to offering fans — both existing and new — a series that we know is perfectly suited for on-demand viewing."
What do you think? Are you glad to hear that The Killing has been revived for a second time or were you fine with it being cancelled? Will you be watching season four?
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Jan 16, 2013
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Nov 30, 2012
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Nov 9, 2012
The Killing: Season Three Being Shopped
Aug 23, 2012
The Killing: Cancelled by AMC, Season Three Possible
Jul 27, 2012
The Killing: Season Two Ratings
Jun 20, 2012
The Killing: Should "What I Know" Be the Last Episode?
Jun 11, 2012
The Killing: AMC TV Series Renewed for Season Two
Jun 13, 2011


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I Feel....
« Next Previous » Category: family Confessions
Posted by Strawburri
on September 8th, 2012 at 7:17 PM
1 Comment (add your own)Sort By
Well you didn't type alot (you check out mines for me and see what I me ;) )
But I tend to get that feeling alot.
It's alot of questions that go threw my mind like
-Why do I feel this way
-How come?,or is there a root to where this problem came from
-Something that downed you mojo,confindence,or esteem
-I lack friends....first find out why you think you might be feeling this way.2nd I mean...search your self like(mental,soul,heart)and see is there something thats missing or a void have you tried praying to The Lord yea I mean Jesus about it?Give it a go but Rome an't bulit in a day know that.But know that your'e feelings aren't alone.
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Catalogue Description:
Cocktail shaker, chromed metal. (a) Shaker: Tall, thin cylinder decorated with eight vertical ribs. (b) Strainer: inserted into shaker and fitting under the lid with flat, circular bottom with perforated strainer, surmounted by a thin cylinder, open above. (c) Lid: simple short cylinder finished and decorated like shaker. Part of set 83.108.5.-17. Condition: All surfaces shows wear with scratching and wear to plating, especially where ribs are attached to shaker and lid.


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February 7, 2013
Orrick outscored Sweet Springs 14-8 in the fourth quarter to beat the Lady Greyhounds 37-31 in an I-70 Conference girls basketball game on Tuesday in Sweet Springs.
"(We) played great defense all night, but just weren't as efficient on the offensive end," said Sweet Springs coach Ben Hays.
Sweet Springs trailed 12-6 after one quarter but rallied to tie the game at 14 at halftime. It was still tied after three at 23 before Orrick reclaimed the lead in the fourth.
Christina Higgins led Sweet Springs with 13 points. Nicole Bright had six rebounds and three steals. Rebecca Tyler had six assists.
Madison Winters scored 21 points for Orrick.
Sweet Springs (15-8) will play at St. Paul Lutheran at 5:30 p.m. Friday.


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Home > Archives
Wednesday January 16, 2013
OF late, we have read stories in newspapers and news portals about parents who left their children in the car while they nipped in to the shop, young children who were left alone at home for a few hours, or even parents who forgot that their child was sleeping in the back seat of the car until it was too late.
While not all of these situations would result in the loss of a child or any untoward incidents, it does raise concerns.
Have parenting standards declined since our parents' time? Are parents today worse at parenting than their parents were? Or are parents today just overwhelmed with the amount of responsibilities and tasks in their daily lives?
Dr Abdul Kadir Abu Bakar, president of the Malaysian Psychiatric Association, says he is not sure if the standards have dropped. He thinks that these "accidents" and incidents could be due to the changing trend where parents, preoccupied with their own careers, leave the kids to fend for themselves and to take on adult roles very early in life.
Zuhairah Ali, executive director of Taman Pendidikan Raihan, a kindergarten and early reading centre, believes that parenting standards have indeed declined over the years. Some parents, she notes, don't seem to care about their children and are even abusive. In addition, while a lot of parents prioritise their children, not everyone does it in the same manner.
Zuhairah says there are parents who feel that children need to be taught how to live and protect themselves, rather than being cosseted. This is why some parents might let their children walk unchaperoned on the streets.
She, however, admits that the reason why more untoward incidents involving parents and children are being highlighted in the press these days could be due to the fact that crime has increased and more cases are being reported today than before.
Datin Noor Azimah Abdul Rahim, chaiperson of PAGE (Parent Action Group for Education), agrees that there are now more media reports on such cases.
"In the past mothers stayed home. The circumstances are different now, where both parents go to work. Crime is also on the rise. Plus, parenting probably wasn't a big thing before. The father went to work, the mother stayed home to raise the child. It was safer – kids walked to school, some cycled, and there was hardly any traffic on the road. We used to play outdoors. Now, with both parents working and the child going for tuition, the child has to do a lot of things on their own," Noor Azimah points out.
To read more of their opinions, go to ParenThots.
Focus on the Family
There is no reason to be especially concerned about a young child who fondles his or her genital organs from time to time. As a matter of fact, this behaviour is a completely normal expression of early sexuality. So don't "make a big deal" of it or overreact when you see it happening.
Focus on the Family advises parents what to do if they notice their child doing so.
Readers write in
Four parents write in about activities and games they play with their kids in the car during long drives. One mum talks about educational games she plays with her son.
Win Olive Baby products
The Olive Baby range of skincare products is specially created to cater to baby's sensitive skin. All of the products are enriched with extra virgin olive oil from the Simunovich Olive Estate in New Zealand, and are claimed to be gentle on baby's skin.
ParenThots and theSkintopic are giving 10 lucky parents a chance to win these Olive Baby products (worth RM325): 1 Olive Baby Hair & Body Wash; 1 Olive Baby Moisture Milk; 1 Olive 100% Natural Baby Massage Oil; and 1 Olive Baby Nappy Cream.
All you have to do is fill up the online contest form at ParenThots, answer three objective questions and complete one sentence. The contest ends on Feb 3.
ParenThots is The Star's parenting portal. For more information, e-mail parenthots@the
star.com.my or surf to www.parenthots.com.
Neighbours heard cries of children being beaten
RM1mil reward offer for information on Dr M's alleged misdeeds
Body of child found buried in kitchen
'Wild' party ends for 51 at popular mall
Money down the drain
Image on Google Street View may be that of missing boy
Copyright © 1995-2015 Star Media Group Berhad (ROC 10894D)(Formerly known as Star Publications (Malaysia) Berhad)


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News and alerts
Find out the latest news and alerts for Parks Australia.
Many snakes and spiders that can be harmful have been sighted at Booderee this summer and visitors are asked to take extra care when walking on tracks and around campsites. If you spot a snake around your campsite and are concerned, rangers can relocate it to a safe distance. Please call the Visitor Centre on 02 443 0977. If you are bitten by a snake or spider, immediate first aid should be applied - a pressure bandage should be used and the person bitten immobilized. Call 000 immediately.


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By Christian Viveros-Fauné
Bridget Everett Whacks Rock Bottom at Joe's Pub
By Miriam Felton-Dansky
The Valley of Astonishment Will Leave You...Astonished
By Tom Sellar
By Tom Sellar
By Jessica Dawson
In September, Site-Specific Theater Rules the Day
By Tom Sellar
How Chuck Jones Defined America Through Cartoons
By R. C. Baker
Between Riverside and Crazy Bares Its Wounds
By Tom Sellar
Rather, Rosemary administers an evangelical tough love, "changing the world, one creep at a time." She heals the fallen with soup, menial labor, and religious tracts. In the play's first scene, she stands sturdy and plainly dressed amid the center's plastic chairs and fluorescent lights. She tunelessly informs God that she'll "Try my best not to be sinful/But you gotta tell me what you can't forgive."
Rosemary finds her faith tested when the inebriated, incontinent Kevin (Kevin Hurley) collapses on her doorstep. Kevin won't eat her toast, refuses to work in the warehouse, and balks at taking even one of the 12 steps. Sure he's incorrigible, but Rosemary's taken with his bravado and exoticism, his tales of world travels. "Geneva, huh?" he regales her. "They have nice hotels there. Amsterdam. Now they got nice hotels." The two soon embark upon a torrid love affair, which features clumsy simulated sex and the line, "Oh shit. I'm coming," delivered in patently uninflected Maxwell style.
Aside from these giggle-inducing amours, there isn't much to distinguish this work from previous Maxwell ventures. But Maxwell is a singular artist and perhaps any venture of his is quite distinguished enough. Once again, the affectless speech, the awkward postures, the fierce untranscendence, and the indissolubly peculiar blend of melodrama and hyper-realism identify the play as distinctly Maxwellianmundane and somehow wonderful.
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I bought two knives at one time a Boker Stockman and a custom made Stockman knife made in the Pacific North West for almost twice the price just for comparison! For detail the Boker wins hands down. The rivet holes are counter sunk, all shape edges on the exterior were removed. As for quality of blades (sharpness, hardness, and how long the edge will last) that will take some time to get an honest opinion.
This knife was a replacement for one that I lost. It was the exact replacement. Item was delivered ahead of expected delivery date and will purchase from Knife Depot in the future.
Bought for my grandson and hope he likes it.
Knife is well made with a good feel. Not quite what I am looking for so still looking - not KD's problem
The knife was a gift. thought it would be longer than it is.
The knife is as advertised. It is well built in the USA and stays sharper than other knives made in China.
Bought this as a replacement for a favorite. Like this one better. I'm very pleased.
I have carried a Buck knife since 2000, my very first one was a buck 309 companion that was a high school graduation gift, I still have knife and carried it for 14 yrs, till last week when I ordered my Buck 303 Cadet, I like a three blade knife and wanted to keep my 309 companion put up. The 303 Companion is my everyday carry and I have and I have only had it since Tuesday and have used it a few times to open my mail, put ice in my cooler while camping. I can't wait to use it alot more.
- How to Start and Build a Case Knife Collection - Case is an American tradition, which is why so many people love collecting their products. Here's how you can get started collecting Case Knives and what you need to be successful.
- A Guide to Pocket Knife Blade Steel - This guide aims to help you make a more informed choice regarding blade steel. Most of the points apply equally to folding and fixed blade knives, especially smaller fixed blades designed for light/medium cutting.
- Pocket Knife Buying Guide - Since pocket knives have been around for so many centuries, they've evolved and branched out into many different styles, leaving you with thousands of models to choose from. Choices are a good thing, but they can also make it overwhelming.
- Best Pocket Knife Guide - With thousands of knives on the market, it can be hard to wade through the options to find the best of the best. To make things easier, we created this guide to break down what makes the best pocket knives and included some recommendations.
- How to Choose a Knife For Everyday Carry (EDC) - In one day, your Everyday Carry needs to be able to cut open fruit and save someone's life. Here's a look at what pocket knives make good EDC knives.
- Pocket Knives and Airports - TSA Knife Rules - What happens when you're heading to the airport with your pocket knife?
- Teaching Kids About Knife Safety - It's important to teach knife safety to your kids at a young age. Here are some tips for the best way to instruct your child to safely use knives.
- Types of Knife Blade Materials - There are a variety of knife blade materials and each has its own advantages and pitfalls. Here are brief descriptions of the most popular types of materials found in knife blades.
- Types of Knife Handles - For anyone looking to buy a new knife, whether a chef or outdoorsman, the handle is a significant feature that should not be overlooked. Here is some information about common styles and types of handles.
- Pocket Knife Lock Types - Pocket knives rely on a variety of mechanisms to open and close. Here are explanations of some of the most common pocket knife locks, such as liner locks, frame locks and ring locks.
- Styles of Slip-joint Pocket Knives - Want to know more about the different styles of slip-joint pocket knives? Here's a breakdown of five different popular pocket knife styles: barlow knives, canoe knives, congress knives, elephant's foot knives and stockman knives.
- Six benefits of carrying a pocket knife - A few great uses for carrying a pocket knife, including opening boxes, camping, fishing & more.


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Day 5
This morning, our colour ceremony focused on Our Cabaña and we learned about YOLO - a program designed to help young participants from Africa, Asia Pacific and Arab Regions attend sessions at Our Cabana. To donate click here.
Our personal development session had us learning how to be assertive without being aggressive or passive.
We were entertained by groups drawing, dancing, and singing how they would ensure their Guiding roles are continued in the future.
This afternoon, we worked on a UNICEF puzzle in silent groups to demonstrate strategic partnerships. Our "road rally" through Our Cabaña let us make strategic partnerships in order to be able to enjoy all of our afternoon snack.
This evening's Mexican Fiesta was amazing! Our host country was proud to show the rest of us their typical food, a piñata and a mariachi band. The closing was very moving, joyous but sad, reminding us all of what we have learned from each other and how we can make a change in our world.
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'Good HD video'
'Underfeatured for its size.'
'Only two USB ports'
'The full-size keyboard and number pad on the Satellite C655D have responsive, terraced keys that offer good spring and return.'
'It's very cool to use this Toshiba C655D laptop to watch movies and play games, you'll enjoy wonderful experience with it.'
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Tin House
The writer's job is not simply to make the reader look at the world differently, but experience it in a new way. E.L. Doctorow says, "Good writing is supposed to evoke sensation in the reader—not the fact that it is raining but the feeling of being rained on." In their stories, Jamie Quatro, Ken Calhoun, and Joan Silber take you inside three wonderfully strange families, bathing us in details that make us feel as if we are with them. That rain isn't always a gentle summer shower. Sometimes it's a storm. This is what Adam Johnson does in his artful and disturbing short story, "Dark Meadow." In the simplest terms, the story is about child pornography. Yet Johnson, who won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Orphan Master's Son, moves beyond the sensationalism of the conceit and into the deeper realm of empathy and pathos, which is the stuff of true art. I am proud that we are publishing it.
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"San Pedro de Atacama" Top 5 Page for this destination San Pedro de Atacama by patricia28
San Pedro de Atacama Travel Guide: 225 reviews and 635 photos
San Pedro de Atacama is a small village located in the altiplane of the north of Chile, in the second region. This village is a natural attraction for thousands of tourists of the whole world due to the archaeology, the rustic style and the great quantity of things to do and discover here.
The village has 2500 inhabitants approximately and the principal economic activity of the settlement is the tourism followed of the minor agriculture.
Due to the great quantity of tourists in the village it has the most varied services for the visitor as housing, restaurants, agencies of tourism, crafts, centers of called, Internet, relay and police.
I have been here at least 5 times, but there is always something new to see and it never gets me bored.
It thinks that approximately 11.000 years ago behind the first peoples settled themselves in the north end of Chile, choosing the zone of the puna and the gullies of Atacama's desert.
The Atacameños were the original people of the "Culture San Pedro ", being established in the pit of the river and in all the oases of Atacama's desert.
The art of the Atacameños was showed in ceramics, fabrics, basket-making, carved in wood and in the metallurgy, specially of copper and bronze. They believed in the life after of the death for what they were burying with their own properties.
The atacameños managed to be the pre-Columbian village most developed of Chile.
At the arrival of the Spanish they appeared as a pacific people before the step of Diego de Alamgro and Pedro de Valdivia expeditions.
In San Pedro there are many things to do, from tours to Valley of the moon, valley of the death, Geyser del Tatio, Toconao, salar of Atacama, thermal baths of Puritama, Pukara de Quitor, lagoons , ruins of tulor, pozo 3, visit to the museum, visit to the Church, the shops of Crafts, horse rides, visit in bicycle, and sports as the climbing and the sandboard, really you are not gonna get bored here!!
- Pros:the weather, and the variety of things to do and to see
- Cons:there is not electricity after midnight
- In a nutshell:AMAZING
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This is an excellent option for those who look for the comfort of the rooms with private bath and in a very good... more travel advice
This Place was built some years ago with typical materials of the zone. It has comfortable matrimonial rooms, singles,... more travel advice
This nice Hostal was built some years ago, using adobes and typical materials of the zone. It has 14 rooms distributed... more travel advice
Is a beautiful local restaurant that offer natural breakfast , lunch and the speciality are the pizzas. It is open from... more travel advice
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Comments (21)
Nice page
muy buena página...saludos
A unique and interesting travel page. I always read in school about Atacama Desert being one of the driest in the world. Yet so much to see and do for a tourist there. Cheers from Penang, SL :)
Patricia, bonitas fotos de los lugares que has visitado,cuando viajaras a Australia?si algun dia lo haces avisame.un saludo para ti,Edgardo
Wow! I learned a lot! I think this is number 11 on my wish list (only because I already listed 10)
The moon valley is really a very fascinating place which i hope to visit one day! Thanks for sharing!
Moon Valley looks like a great place. I´ll have to check it out. thanks, j
A great and informative page. Unfortunately I could stay there only for 2 days before doing the tour to Uyuni. And I am sure I come back to Chile one day!
Hi Patricia, apart from the fact that a laundry costed me 10 US$ I really enjoyed my "2" days spent in San Pedro. I wish I had more time to explore Chile. Take care. Franck
What an unusual place, with geysers, a salt lake, thermal baths and deserts. Glad you included a tip about bicycle rentals.
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A method and system for solving constrained optimization problems. An initial abstract solution represents a prioritized set of decisions. The abstract solution is used as the basis for building a concrete solution. The concrete solution is analyzed to determine one or more local moves that represent a re-prioritization of the abstract solution. After a local moves is made, the process begins again with a new abstract solution, that is closer to an optimal solution. This process continues interactively until an optimal solution is reached or approached. The prioritized set of decisions can be implemented as a priority vector or a priority graph.
1. A local search method of solving an optimization problem having a set of decisions to be made subject to a set of constraints, comprising the steps of:
defining an initial abstract solution, representing a prioritized set of decisions;
building a concrete solution in accordance with said prioritized decisions, subject to said constraints, the concrete solution including all decisions to be made in solving the optimization problem;
analyzing said concrete solution to determine at least one flaw in said concrete solution;
modifying said priorities in response to said analyzing step;
generating at least one local move from said concrete solution, said move representing rectification of said flaw and re-prioritization of said decisions;
re-defining said abstract solution by making said local move; and
interactively repeating said building, analyzing, modifying, generating, and re-defining steps without adding any additional decisions.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. A local search method of solving a scheduling problem having a set of tasks to be scheduled subject to a set of constraints, comprising the steps of:
defining an initial abstract solution representing a prioritized ordering of said tasks;
building a concrete solution in accordance with said prioritized ordering, subject to said constraints, said concrete solution representing a schedule of all tasks to be scheduled;
analyzing said concrete solution to identify at least one flaw in said concrete solution;
modifying said priorities in response to said analyzing step;
generating at least one local move from said concrete solution, said move representing rectification of said flaw and re-prioritization of said tasks;
re-defining said abstract solution by making said local move; and
interactively repeating said building, analyzing, modifying, generating, and re-defining steps without adding any tasks to be scheduled.
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. Software for solving an optimization problem having a set of decisions to be made subject to a set of constraints, the software embodied in a computer-readable medium and operable, when executed, to:
define an initial abstract solution, representing a prioritized set of decisions;
build a concrete solution in accordance with said prioritized decisions, subject to said constraints, the concrete solution including all decisions to be made in solving the optimization problem;
analyze said concrete solution to determine at least one flaw in said concrete solution;
modify said priorities in response to said analyzing step;
generate at least one local move from said concrete solution, said move representing rectification of said flaw and re-prioritization of said decisions;
re-define said abstract solution by making said local move; and
interactively repeat said building, analyzing, modifying, generating, and re-defining steps without adding any additional decisions.
15. The software of
16. The software of
17. The software of
18. Software for solving a scheduling problem having a set of tasks to be scheduled subject to a set of constraints, the software embodied in a computer-readable medium and operable, when executed, to:
define an initial abstract solution representing a prioritized ordering of said tasks;
build a concrete solution in accordance with said prioritized ordering, subject to said constraints, said concrete solution representing a schedule of all tasks to be scheduled;
analyze said concrete solution to identify at least one flaw in said concrete solution;
modify said priorities in response to said analyzing step;
generate at least one local move from said concrete solution, said move representing rectification of said flaw and re-prioritization of said tasks;
re-define said abstract solution by making said local move; and
interactively repeat said building, analyzing, modifying, generating, and re-defining steps without adding any tasks to be scheduled.
19. The software of
20. The software of
21. The software of
22. The software of
23. The software of
24. The software of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/088,147, filed Jun. 4, 1998 and entitled "Computer Implemented Scheduling System and Process Using Abstract Local Search Technique".
This invention relates in general to the fields of supply chain management, and single-enterprise and multi-enterprise planning and scheduling. More particularly, the present invention relates to a computer implemented scheduling system and process that uses an abstract local search technique.
Computer implemented planning and scheduling systems are widely used for factory, enterprise and supply chain planning functions. In general, such systems can model the manufacturing or other environment and provide plans or schedules for producing items to fulfill consumer demand within the constraints of the environment.
The problem of planning or scheduling an environment can be represented as a constrained optimization problem. For example, consider a simple problem of sequencing a set of tasks on a resource in a manufacturing environment. In addition, assume that each task has a deadline, and the objective is to schedule each task so that it ends by the associated deadline. One way to view this problem, for example, is as a search in the space of start times. Under this view, the problem becomes a simple constrained optimization problem in which the variables are the start times, the constraint is that no tasks can overlap, and the objective is to minimize lateness. This type of approach to planning and scheduling problems can provide an efficient framework for producing plans.
An abstract local search (ALS) is an efficient approach for analyzing and resolving planning and scheduling a manufacturing or other environment. An ALS solves combinatorial optimization problems by making local moves in the space of abstract solutions. An abstract solution (for example, a task ordering) is mapped to a concrete solution (for example, a schedule) by a greedy solution builder that, generally, enforces all hard constraints. The concrete solution is then evaluated to determine flaws, usually by measuring soft constraint violations. The flaws in the concrete solution are used to generate modifications (moves) in the abstract solution, that might reduce the flaws in the concrete solution.
In non-analogous contexts, detecting flaws in concrete solutions and using them to drive modifications in abstract solutions has been shown to be effective in several local search applications (for example, GSAT for propositional satisfiability problems. Selman, Kautz, and Cohen, "Local Search Strategies for Satisfiability Testing", 1993, Vol. 26, DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (American Mathematical Society). One article attributes the effectiveness of iterative repair to making use of important information about the current solution to guide the search. Minton, Johnston, Philips, and Laird, "Solving large-scale constraint satisfaction and scheduling problems using a heuristic repair method", Artificial Intelligence 58:161-205 (1990).
In accordance with the present invention, a computer implemented scheduling system and process are disclosed that use an abstract local search technique.
A technical advantage of the present invention is that the abstract local search technique is useful for solving constrained optimization problems. It is particularly suited to a problem domain where some fast deterministic algorithm can map a set of priorities into a solution that satisfies the hard constraints in the problem.
Although some forms of priorities have previously been used for representing schedules, no general framework to integrate priorities into local search has been proposed. It is presented herein that the basic loop of priorities feeding into a greedy solution builder and an analysis technique that updates the priorities will be applicable to a large class of constrained optimization problems, and will scale to problems of realistic size and complexity.
A more complete understanding of the present invention and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a computer implemented scheduling system that uses an abstract local search technique; and
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an abstract local search architecture for combinatorial optimization by a planning/scheduling engine.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a computer implemented planning/scheduling system, indicated generally at 10. System 10 can be implemented on a computer system having typical computer components such as a processor, memory, storage devices, etc. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, system 10 executes software that implements a planning/scheduling engine 12 in processor memory. Planning/scheduling engine 12 can maintain and access a model/plan 14 of a manufacturing environment, supply chain or other environment which planning/scheduling engine 12 is used to plan or schedule. Planning/scheduling engine 12 also has access to data 16 stored in a fixed storage device. Data 16 can be used to initiate planning/scheduling engine 12 and model/plan 14. However, during operation, planning/scheduling engine 12 and model/plan 14 are typically maintained in processor memory for speed and efficiency. Planning/scheduling engine 12 can provide information to a user via display 18 and can receive input data from input devices 20.
In operation, system 10 can be used to plan or schedule an operating environment. For example, system 10 can address a simple problem of sequencing a set of tasks on a resource in a manufacturing environment. In this example, each task can have an associated deadline, and the objective is to schedule each task so that it ends by the associated deadline. A conventional way to approach this problem would be as simple constrained optimization problem in which the variables are the start times.
An improved way to view such a problem is to abstract away the start times and consider just the ordering of the tasks on the resource. Given any total ordering on the tasks, an optimal schedule consistent with the ordering can be obtained in linear time by scheduling each task, in order, as early as possible. Since each globally optimal schedule can be created from its task ordering, the sequencing problem can then be solved by searching in the space of task orderings. This space is much smaller than the space of start times, since a large number of obviously sub-optimal schedules, exactly those with some gaps between some adjacent tasks, are not even represented.
This change of representation brings the underlying search and optimization problem more clearly into focus. There is one resource and all tasks are competing for it. The task ordering is essentially a prioritization of the tasks. Tasks then draw from the resource in the priority order to generate a schedule.
A general principle here is that an algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems can be decoupled into two parts: (1) a priority generation algorithm and (2) a greedy solution builder. For most combinatorial optimization algorithms, one can write greedy algorithms that do a reasonable job much of the time. However, they usually fail because they are too greedy: e.g. they allow an early task to take a resource that turns out to be critical to a later task. Intuitively, if the priority order were just right, a greedy solver would generate an optimal solution. An essential idea behind abstract local search is that iterations can be done between using priorities as the input to a greedy solution builder, and using the proposed solution to intelligently update the priorities.
There is another, less obvious, advantage to the move to priority space: it is more suitable to a local search than the space of start times. For example, a small change in the start time of a task can generate multiple hard constraint violations (that is, overlaps) that the local search then needs to somehow weigh against soft constraint violations (that is, lateness). Since hard constraints are often automatically enforced in the optimal schedules corresponding to the task orderings, they can be simply evaluated by considering only the soft constraint violations.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an abstract local search architecture for combinatorial optimization. As shown, abstract solutions 30 can be processed through solution building to generate concrete solutions 32. Concrete solutions 32 can, in turn, be processed through solution analysis to identify flaws 34. A move generation process can then be used to modify the abstract solutions 30. Thus, in this architecture, flaws 34 are detected in concrete solutions 32 but modifications are made in abstract solutions 30.
The present abstract local search (ALS) operates by using concrete solutions to make information apparent about concrete flaws to guide moves in the abstract space. Modifications in abstract solutions can be motivated by (i) the smaller size of the abstract search space, and (ii) its greater suitability for local search when the concrete solutions share an intricate structure that is difficult to maintain by local moves in concrete space.
There can be several conditions for abstract local search to work well. One condition is a tractable builder. There should be a fast algorithm that maps any abstract solution to a feasible concrete solution (that is, a concrete solution with no hard constraint violations). Another condition is optimality-preserving abstraction. This means that, for any concrete solution S there is some abstract solution that maps to a concrete solution that is at least as good as S. Without this property, it is likely that abstract local search will not reach optimality. An additional condition is a tractable analysis. There should be a fast algorithm that identifies flaws in the concrete solution and that maps them to possible modifications in the abstract solution. Reasons for these conditions should be clear. However, it is possible they may be relaxed in practical applications.
Combinatorial Optimization
Combinatorial optimization problems generally consist of a set of decisions that must be made subject to a collection of constraints, and a goal function that evaluates candidate solutions for their "quality." For example, there may be a set of tasks whose start times are unknown (the decisions to be made) but which must satisfy the constraint that certain tasks must precede others (e.g. you have to sand the table before you paint it). The goal function might be to minimize the total cost of the proposed schedule.
Goal functions are sometimes expressed as soft constraints, that is, constraints that do not necessarily need to be enforced, but if they are violated then some penalty is incurred. In this kind of encoding, the optimization criterion is generally to minimize the sum of the penalties.
Many important combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard. Intuitively, this is because all known methods for guaranteeing optimality are asymptotically equivalent in the worst case to an exhaustive enumeration of the space of all possible sets of decisions.
Local Search
Local search may be used to solve many difficult combinatorial optimization problems, including satisfiability, planning, and scheduling. In general, the essential idea is to start with some initial state and interactively modify the current state by making a promising local move, until a final solution is obtained. A local move makes only a small change in the current state, for example, by flipping the truth-value of a single variable, or by offloading a task from one resource to another. An internal evaluation criterion based on feasibility and the external optimization criterion can be used to determine the best among several possible moves. An analysis of some important flaw, that is, sub-optimality or infeasibility, in the current state is used to generate moves that might rectify the flaw. Some diversification technique, for example, heating in simulated annealing, is generally used to avoid getting trapped in local optima, for example, by allowing low probability moves that lead to less optimal states. Finally, most local search implementations restart several times to further reduce the effect of local optima.
In general, a scheduling problem can consist of a set of tasks 1, . . . , n to be scheduled subject to a collection of constraints. A solution is typically a schedule giving the start time for each task.
Each task can be associated with a processing time indicating the duration of the task. The constraints can usually be sequencing restrictions, resource capacity, constraints, and ready times and deadlines. A sequencing restriction, for example, might state that task i must complete before j can begin. A resource capacity constraint could state that tasks i and j conflict (usually because both require the same resource) and thus cannot be scheduled in parallel. A ready time might state the earliest time at which task i can start. A deadline can be the time by which task i should be completed.
Depending on the application, resource capacities, ready time, and deadlines, can each be either hard or soft constraints. However, typically, and in the embodiment discussed herein, capacities and ready times are hard constraints, and the deadline is a soft constraint.
Abstract Local Search for Scheduling
Scheduling can be, in a sense, a generalization of the simple sequencing problem discussed above. Tasks need to be assigned start times subject to capacity and ordering constraints. Because the typical objective is to minimize lateness, the natural thing to do is to order the tasks, and schedule each task, in order, as early as possible, subject to the hard constraints. Two embodiments of abstract local search (ALS) techniques are discussed below; each is a variant on this basic idea.
While discussing ALS for scheduling problems, certain terms are often used—like abstract schedule, concrete schedule, and schedule builder—where "schedule" replaces the more general "solution." Further, "concrete" may often be omitted from concrete schedule.
ALS Using Priority Vectors
One embodiment of the invention is to implement an ALS technique using priority vectors. A priority vector p maps each task i to an integer p(i) that represents the global "importance" of the task. Any such priority vector can be mapped to a schedule using the simple schedule builder SB(PV) given in the following TABLE 1. In this example, a task is considered enabled if and only if all of its predecessors have been scheduled.
The following table shows one embodiment of SB(PV): a priority-vector based schedule builder.
The priority-vector approach to scheduling can satisfy all the conditions discussed above. The schedule builder SB(PV) is clearly tractable, since it builds a feasible schedule in 0(n2) time, where n in the number of tasks (it is conjectured that the expected run time of SB(PV) would be more like 0(n log(n)) but a formal proof is not provided herein).
The following theorem shows that the priority vector abstraction is an optimization preserving abstraction.
Theorem 1: For any scheduling problem, and any schedule s, there is some priority vector such that SB(PV) produces a schedule with total lateness less than or equal to that of s.
Analysis of a schedule can be done in a variety of ways. An example is a technique referred to as general critical path analysis. If a task is late then its priority is increased by an amount b that is calculated based on how late the task is. Whenever the priority on a task is increased, if that task could not be scheduled any earlier because of a precedence relationship, then the priority of that predecessor is increased by b. If the task could not be scheduled earlier because of a resource contention, then the priority of all tasks is increased using that resource at that time by b/2. Both of these rules are applied recursively (until the priority increment becomes negligible). The analysis can call the function assignBlame(t, b), shown in TABLE 2, for each task t that is late by b days.
A schedule-build-analyze cycle is shown in TABLE 3, below. This is basically a vanilla iterative improvement local search enriched by an intensification strategy. Note that blame is assigned for all due-date violations. The thinking behind this is that running the schedule builder on large problems is relatively expensive—at least compared to flips in SAT problems—and it is desired to leverage the analysis as much as possible. An interesting variant of this (and more in the spirit of GSAT) would be to assign blame for just one due-date violation at a time and then rebuild the schedule. A steepest-descent variant (perhaps computationally too expensive for very large problems) would be to consider several ways to resolve each due-date violation, and evaluate each.
A good initial assignment of priorities is helpful for solving large scheduling problems. If the process starts from a reasonably good initial priority vector, the most can be made of relatively limited computational resources. In the examples looked at to date, each task can be uniquely associated with a "delivery" task that has a deadline (e.g. there are no situations in which t1 has deadline dl and must precede t2 that has deadline d2. We also never have t1 preceding t2 and t3 each of which has a deadline.) Thus, the initial priority of each task can be taken to be the arithmetic inverse of the due date of the corresponding delivery task (i.e. tasks with early deadlines are given the highest priorities).
ALS Using Priority Graphs
Another embodiment is to implement an ALS technique using priority graphs. A priority graph is a directed acyclic graph whose nodes represent tasks and arcs represent priorities: an arc from A to B indicates that task A has higher priority than task B, that is, the schedule builder should schedule task A before scheduling task B (unless sequencing restrictions require that task B must complete before task A).
Priority graphs represent a somewhat different kind of information than priority vectors. While the numbers in vectors can encode relative strengths in priorities, the information in graphs is purely relational, e.g. task A has higher priority than task B. (Although it is possible to extend this by labeling the arcs by numbers indicating their relative strengths.) Another difference is that while vectors force a decision on relative priorities between all pairs of tasks, graphs do not have to commit to these extraneous priorities that are not motivated by the analysis. Thus, ALS using priority graphs can have the flexibility of allowing more decisions to be made by the schedule builder. This could lead to more effective use of sophisticated schedule builders that would otherwise be unnecessarily constrained by priority vectors.
Priority graphs are similar to disjunctive graphs. However, Changes in the priority graph are interlaced with domain-specific greedy scheduling.
In greedy scheduling, the schedule builder starts with an empty schedule and keeps scheduling tasks one at a time until the schedule is complete. The next task to be scheduled is selected from the enabled tasks, using a customizable task dispatching criterion that uses a prioritized sequence of heuristics to filter all available tasks. The selected task can be scheduled using a customizable task scheduling criterion that uses a prioritized sequence of constraints to guarantee that hard constraints are satisfied.
A variety of dispatching criteria may be used. One example is an EST/EFF combination of criteria for task dispatching: (i) select the task that can start the earliest, and (ii) among those, select the task that can finish the earliest. Further, in this case, the following task scheduling criterion can be implemented: schedule the selected task on the first least-constrained resource among those that can start at the earliest possible time, without violating any capacity constraints. This provides an efficient 0(n2) time schedule builder.
In schedule analysis, the schedule analyzer selects the most late task for flaw analysis. It determines all possible direct causes for the delay, and suggests changes in the priority graph to offset those causes. It constructs a lateness DAG (directed acyclic graph) whose nodes consist of the late task as well as all other tasks that could have contributed to the lateness. The ALS technique can randomly select a set of moves and evaluate each move by constructing new abstract and concrete schedules. The most promising pair of schedules can be used to start the next iteration of local search. Meta-heuristic techniques such as tabu memory can be used in a straightforward manner to improve the search.
Experimental Results
The following are brief experimental results on a class of scheduling problems which arise in the domain of supply chain planning. The problem under consideration is an extension of a Resource Constrained Project Scheduling (RCPS) problem described in Slowinski, R., and Weglarz, J., eds. 1989. Advances in Project Scheduling. Elsevier Science.
In general, the problem is parameterized as follows. Given are n tasks and r renewable resources. Resource k has constant capacity Rk. Task ti has a duration of pi during which rik units of resource k are occupied (no preemption is allowed). Additionally, sequencing restrictions (precedences) between tasks must be obeyed. The main extension with respect to the standard RCPS class are ready-times and due-dates for tasks. As a consequence, the objective is to minimize a measure of the overall lateness rather than makespan (the length of time from the start of the first task to the completion of the last task). The goal is to assign each task a start time si such that all precedence and capacity constraints are met and the total lateness is minimized.
Problem instances of this extended RCPS class are typically much larger than classical scheduling instances (tens of thousands of tasks instead of on the order of one hundred tasks reported in the RCPS literature). This is a challenge as algorithms for scheduling (e.g. job shop scheduling) often fail to scale up to this problem size.
The ALS technique described herein was tested with a real-world problem in semiconductor manufacturing. This problem involved over 30,000 tasks to be scheduled on more than 20 resources. Experimental results are given in Table 4. Reported runtimes are of greedy scheduling SB(PV), and ALS. The table reports the number of iterations and restarts, total lateness (in days), and runtimes in seconds CPU time. The runtimes were averaged over 50 runs for ALS1 and 2 runs for ALS2.
SB(PV) is the result of running just the scheduler builder with the initial heuristics SB(PV) of TABLE 1. 'ALS' is the version of ALS with priority vectors. There are two key tuning parameters for this version of ALS: the number of restarts, and the probability that moves are accepted that do not improve the quality of the schedule. The number of iterations and the number of restarts were varied as shown in the table. An intensification strategy was performed by flipping a coin after each move and returning to the best state ever seen with probability �. Additional experiments have been performed with different restart frequencies, and different noise levels, but the results were not found to be qualitatively different.
ALS Technique
As discussed above, an ALS technique can work best in problem domains having at least these three conditions (or attributes): a tractable solutions builder, optimality-preserving abstractions, and tractable analysis routines.
With respect to a tractable builder, if the solution builder fails in some rare cases to generate a feasible solution, then this is not necessarily fatal. One can give such priority vectors a very low "score" causing the search to avoid them. Whether this low scoring is workable in practice depends on how common such priority vectors are.
With respect to optimality-preserving abstraction, for large problems it can be safely assumed that optimal solutions will not be generated. Thus abstractions that are "nearly" optimality preserving may be sufficient. The utility of such abstractions can be assessed by comparison of ALS against other techniques.
With respect to tractable analysis, if there is no way to map from soft-constraint violations in the concrete solution to suggested changes in the abstract solution, then local search essentially performs a weighted random walk. This may be acceptable, however, since undirected local search has been used successfully in various domains.
The present ALS technique provides significant advantages. The solution builder itself can encode a reasonable amount of domain knowledge, allowing the higher-level control (that is, the local search) to be domain-independent. The space of priority vectors offers a generic way to form local search in complex domains. If there is an intricate solution structure that is easy to obtain constructively, but difficult to maintain by local repairs, priority space appears to be more suitable to local search than the space of concrete solutions. Optimal priorities cannot, in general, be determined a priori (if they can, and the abstraction is optimality preserving, then the optimization problem is tractable). However, they can often be improved by an analysis of concrete solutions. The general critical path analysis algorithm is an example of such an analysis. The solution builder can be efficient (at least in the domain of scheduling). Further, small changes to the priority vector can translate into large changes in the concrete solution. Together these facts allow ALS to be used productively on large problems.
The experimental results demonstrate that ALS techniques can perform meaningful optimization, compared to simple heuristic techniques, on large scheduling problems of high complexity. The utility of this approach is not limited to scheduling. There are potential application domains for abstract local search, for example, in distribution planning, vehicle routing, or multi-level scheduling problems.
Other Embodiments
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Education has no age limit
When she decided to take classes, she didn't know how to use a computer. But that didn't stop 77-year-old student Laurel Dale from her dream. She completed her Bachelor of General Studies May 9 – and she did it entirely online. Read more. #CCMOGRAD
Recognizing a special friendship
Each year, hundreds descend upon Columbia College's main campus to celebrate commencement. And as the college's staff prepared for the day's second commencement ceremony, there was an undeniable buzz near the main stage. Read more. #CCMOGRAD
Graduating to the FBI
Newly-graduated alumna Annalise Morrison turned a prestigious internship with the Federal Bureau of Investigation into a full-time career, fulfilling a childhood ambition in the process. Read more. #CCMOGRAD
A wish for graduation
Heather Frayer wanted her children to see her graduate. But as her son sought treatment for cancer at St. Jude, she was unable to attend her graduation. Then Columbia College and a nonprofit helped Heather's wish come true. Read more. #CCMOGRAD
Columbia, MO residential campus
Evening, online & nationwide
Morris receives Doctor of Humane Letters
At its recent commencement ceremony, Columbia College awarded an honorary degree to Jim D. Morris, a Springfield, Missouri-ba…
Alumna to publish her first piece in inspirational book
If Nora Renteria '05 has learned anything from her experiences, it is that oftentimes you just have to "go for it." Re…
Trustees approve change to college's academic structure
The Columbia College Board of Trustees recently approved a measure that would reorganize the college's academic offerings i…


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Barbara Eaker filmography
Here you can learn about the movies Barbara Eaker acted in. You can see the names of the movies, their budget, years of release and the money gained from the screening of the certain movie. It is always interesting to know.
Barbara Eaker video
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Christopher Abbott is leaving the hit TV show Girls. The real reason behind his decision to quit the show is yet to be talked about. A source told New York Post: "They've just started work on Season
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Speaking on 'The Late Show with David Letterman', Hugh Jackman said he never talks to his son Oscar about The Wolverine and the boy doesn't think his dad is anything like the cool superhero character
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http://en.mele.cn has launched their Intel quad-core x86 based mini PC, the Mele PCG03, recently started shipping with a suggested retail price of $149 with pre-installed windows 8.1 with Bing. It is fanless and low power, the MeLE PCG03 comes with pre-installed official windows 8.1 with Bing NTE, with no troubles at customs clearance, for targeted market use at office/home in the USA and Europe. PCG03 has supports Ethernet, WiFi 802.n, Bluetooth4, 3.5mm stereo, 3xUSB host, kensington lock, VGA, HDMI, SD card slot, it supports Dual display with VGA and HDMI at the same time. It also supports x86 based XBMC for multimedia. The design includes VESA mount to mount it on the back of the TV and Monitor. Ships with pre-installed 16 languages.
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Good to hear you got that sorted, people have all kinds of crazy ways to hack an account. Last year a designer I know of had £1000 stolen from his account but it all got sorted out luckily.
Spyware may be the cause. Another reason in my opinion is because most of us tend to use the same or nearly same password for multiple sites. And with the more sites we have the more threats from unsecured connection in both our side and server side. So changing password frequently and keeping different password for different sites would make us more secured, I think.
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All four wines I recommend today are red. I generally try to mix reds and whites (and countries, styles and prices) each week, but it didn't work out this time. But it's probably safer than offering all whites, as Canadians have been drinking more red wine than white for the last ten years or so. Sometime in the early 2000s, we switched from a primarily white-wine culture to a red wine one, a trend that's also taken place in other countries.
The colour of wine is a strange thing. It's pretty straightforward, in that most white wines (which are really shades of yellow) are made from green-skinned grapes and the juice is allowed little or no contact with the skins during winemaking. The juice that becomes red wine, on the other hand, is allowed to steep with the dark grape-skins, and it's the compounds in the skins that give the juice and the wine its colour. If you prevent this skin contact, black grapes produce white wine, as pinot noir and pinot meunier do when they're used for champagne.
Just to complete the story, rosé wine is generally made from black grapes, but given only enough skin contact to produce the shade of pink the winemaker wants.
Apart from the actual colour, red and white wines are generally different in other respects. They usually have different flavours, reds have higher levels of tannin and are generally higher in alcohol than whites, while whites have (real or perceived) higher acidity.
Often this is a function of specific grape varieties (riesling is high in acidity, cabernet sauvignon is more tannic), but it's sometimes a result of winemaking. For example, many wines are acidified to make them fresher and lighter on the palate.
Although it would be difficult to confuse a riesling and a cabernet if you tasted them blind, there are points at which whites and reds intersect, and where many people couldn't confidently distinguish a red wine from a white.
There's a lot of evidence that seeing the colour of a wine influences the way we think about it, even the way we perceive the flavours and the texture.
But even though the stylistic line between reds and whites isn't as stark as colour. I suspect that colour is the first thing we think of when choosing a wine. It's reinforced in the LCBO and restaurant wine lists, where wines are organized by colour.
Most of us, I think, are happy to swing both ways, although I have friends who are completely committed to one colour or the other. Some drink only whites, others only reds.
Even so, I notice the red-drinkers never turn down a glass of champagne.
Hector & Juliette Corbières 2010
This is a blend of syrah and grenache from the south of France. Look for robust flavours that carry on strongly right through the palate, with complexity and structure. The acidity adds freshness and juiciness. Drink it with red meats, pork, and poultry dishes. 14.5-per cent alcohol; $15.25 (340984
Delaforce Tinto 2011
From the Douro region of Portugal (where port comes from), this blend of three grape varieties delivers very good value. Look for good intensity in the flavours, persistence from start to finish, and a good measure of acidity. It's a good choice for many red meats, as well as burgers and spicy sausages. 13.5-per-cent alcohol; $13.40 (332585)
Clos du Bois Cabernet Sauvignon 2011
From California's North Coast wine region, this is a full-flavoured cabernet that goes really well with grilled steak and other red meats. The flavours are intense and well layered, and the acidity is nicely calibrated to take care of the fruit. It's medium-plus in weight, with moderate, drying tannins.13.5-per cent alcohol; $15.95 (308304)
Mud House Pinot Noir 2010
This pinot has been delisted by the LBO, but there are a few bottles here and there. Look for solid fruit that shows good complexity and structure, allied to fresh acidity. It's more than medium bodied and has ripe, moderate tannins. It goes well with roast or grilled lamb and pork dishes. 13.5-per cent alcohol; $14.50 (190462)
Join Rod Phillips online Thursdays, 2 to 3 p.m. at ottawacitizen.com/winechat.


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The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) general secretary Jayalalithaa is scheduled to address election rallies at Namakkal and Salem on April 3, the day she has been directed by a city court to appear before it in connection with cases filed by the Income Tax Department.
The AIADMK party headquarters issued a revised campaign schedule of Ms. Jayalalithaa here on Thursday. The cases pertain to alleged failure in filing of IT returns in the early 1990s.
The I-T Department had initiated criminal proceedings by filing complaints against Ms. Jayalalithaa and Ms. Sasikala in 1996 and 1997 for not filing returns in their individual capacities for the assessment year 1993-94. In 1997, the I-T Department filed two more complaints against Sasi Enterprises and its partners, Ms. Jayalalithaa and Ms. Sasikala, for failing to file the returns for the assessment years 1991-92 and 1992-93. The four complaints were pending before the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate court here since then.
After their discharge petitions were dismissed by the Madras High Court in 2006, the accused preferred appeals before the Supreme Court. Dismissing their appeals on January 30, 2014, the apex court directed the lower court to complete trial in four months.
Keywords: Lok Sabha polls 2014, Lok Sabha elections 2014, Tamil Nadu Lok Sabha, Jayalalithaa, political campaign


text:
On top of that, Johnson said that teachers and leadership members will be provided with iPads next year and will learn how to operate the devices. The following year, the board will look into student implementation of the devices.
Johnson said this summer has been all about technology training, and the month of August will focus largely on training in various services, such as School Messenger – a parent contact and notification system – as well as Google Drive and MyBigCampus.


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ODT Online
ODT /directory
Jim Childerstone has trouble with the maths and the logic
of the proposed Hillside lay-offs.
It is puzzling that this
Government can break the rules - or at least create new ones
- to allow films to be made in Wellington, or facilitate the
growth of gambling in Auckland, yet it will not lift a finger
to protect jobs and safeguard the future of an important
national engineering industry in Dunedin.
Hillside Workshop employees will
launch a publicity campaign alongside the Rail and Maritime
Transport Union to garner support for a bid to try to
overturn a KiwiRail decision to cut 40 jobs at the South
Dunedin engineering "institution".
Proposed job cuts at
Hillside Workshops, in the wake of KiwiRail's decision to
reduce its mechanical business operations in Dunedin, would
hurt the city's engineering industry.
Chinese-built railway wagons
destined for New Zealand could be left stranded port-side as
unions consider a protest against KiwiRail's decision to cut
70 industry jobs.
An American rail
magnate keen to invest in New Zealand's rail network says
KiwiRail's decision to spend $500 million on Chinese-built
locomotives could have lasting implications for the
industry's economy and skill base.
KiwiRail will axe 40 jobs at its Hillside workshops in
Dunedin as it makes changes that will see it switch from
building rail units to maintaining its foreign-built
locomotives and wagons.
Green Party
co-leader Metiria Turei yesterday renewed her attack on the
Government and KiwiRail for awarding $500 million of work to
overseas contractors.
Completion of new KiwiRail wagons, constructed at Dunedin's
Hillside Engineering, has renewed calls from the Rail
Maritime Transport Union for contracts to continue for New
Zealand workers rather than out-sourcing to China.
KiwiRail wants inland freight ports back on the Otago
regional transport agenda as it pushes for a larger share of
New Zealand's domestic freight market.
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Why do people say Federer needs a bigger racquet whenever he loses...........
View Single Post
Bobby Jr
Join Date: Jul 2010
Posts: 7,277
Originally Posted by
We can speculate what if. One thing for sure, Federer would not have 17 Slams in his pocket if he were playing during Lendl's generation...
Well, he'd likely have all of Lendl's US Opens, plus Becker's from 89, Sampras' first one, McEnroe's from 84, Connor's from 82 and 83 and
for sure
Wilander's from 88. Give or take the odd anomaly Federer would have 7 or 8 US Opens.
One thing
for sure
also is Federer would also have Wilander's 88 Aussie Open and probably his 83 and 84 wins on grass too. Kreik's two Aussie Opens would be Federer's too, as would Lendl's from 89 and 90. That's 7 Aussie Opens right there -
for sure
- perhaps more if he snuck another off Edberg at Kooyong.
Wimbledon... you think a 17 year old Becker would beat Federer? Dream on. Or Cash? One of Edberg's wasn't particularly legendary also... That's 4 Wimbledon's right there
for sure
without even going back to McEnroe or Connors' in the early 80s.
French Open? Well,
for sure
he's got Noah, Chang and Gomez's titles without even needing to change his shirt. They were lucky chump champions there without doubt.
All this is without even being overly ambitious in the early 80s or commandeering either of Edberg's 2 Wimbledon titles or
of Wilander, Borg or Lendl's French Open titles.
We know for sure,
for sure
, that Federer would smoke a stack of majors off the historic title holders in the 80s. It's pretty much a given.
So, you're correct. Federer would not have 17 slams in his pocket if he played in Lendl's generation. He'd have 20 or more.
Last edited by Bobby Jr; 11-13-2012 at
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