text:
US stocks drop on Cyprus, weak earnings
popular .
NEW YORK—US stocks fell Thursday, hit by uncertainty over the Cyprus banking crisis and some surprisingly weak corporate earnings.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 90.24 points (0.62 percent) to 14,421.49.
The broad-based S&P 500 dropped 12.91 (0.83 percent) to 1,545.80, while the tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index gave up 31.59 (0.97 percent) to 3,222.60.
The retreat came after the European Central Bank said it would halt emergency funding to Cyprus' banks unless the country reaches a bailout deal by Monday. The Cyprus crisis has revived concerns about eurozone stability.
Markets were also troubled by a weak earnings report from technology company Oracle. That came a day after FedEx disappointed investors, announcing that its quarterly earnings were hit by poor international results.
"The market caved in over corporate news and Cyprus," said Peter Cardillo of Rockwell Global Capital.
Most of the blue-chip members of the Dow ended the day in the red. Trading was hard on banks like Bank of America and JP Morgan, both losing 1.6 percent.
The Dow's technology companies also lost on the day. Cisco gave up 3.8 percent, IBM retreated 1.3 percent and Hewlett-Packard dropped 2.6 percent.
Oracle shares sank 9.7 percent after its earnings missed analyst expectations. The results showed weak sales of software licenses and cloud computing subscriptions.
Global package delivery giant FedEx dropped 2.7 percent, one day after slashing its profit guidance for fiscal 2013.
Lululemon Athletica, which markets sports clothing for women, rose 1.3 percent after it beat fiscal fourth-quarter earnings forecasts. The Canadian company estimated that it lost $12-$17 million in revenue in the current quarter due to a recall of too-sheer yoga pants.
Homebuilder KB Home rose 2.5 percent after reporting a big jump in revenues thanks to an increase in the number of homes delivered and a higher average selling price.
Bond prices declined. The yield on the 10-year Treasury rose to 2.0 percent from 1.94 percent late Wednesday, while the 30-year jumped to 3.23 percent from 3.17 percent. Bond prices move inversely to yields.
Get Inquirer updates while on the go, add us on these apps:
Disclaimer: The comments uploaded on this site do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of management and owner of INQUIRER.net. We reserve the right to exclude comments that we deem to be inconsistent with our editorial standards.
To subscribe to the Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper in the Philippines, call +63 2 896-6000 for Metro Manila and Metro Cebu or email your subscription request here.
Factual errors? Contact the Philippine Daily Inquirer's day desk. Believe this article violates journalistic ethics? Contact the Inquirer's Reader's Advocate. Or write The Readers' Advocate:
c/o Philippine Daily Inquirer Chino Roces Avenue corner Yague and Mascardo Streets, Makati City,Metro Manila, Philippines Or fax nos. +63 2 8974793 to 94


text:
Water Bikes
1065 Views
The city of Amsterdam has a lot to offer…. trendy fashion, cozy bars, Dutch herring, beautiful canal houses and famous museums. The best way to see Amsterdam is from the water, everyone agrees about that! Why not combine the Amsterdam canals and its famous bikes? A water bike offers you the possibility to cycle through the canals of Amsterdam.
Cycle on water in Amsterdam
Water bikes come have room up to 4 persons. Don't let rain discourage you, because a hood will keep you dry. You can enjoy the views from the water and take your time to look at the beautiful canal houses. With your water bike you can easily pedal from Central Station all the way up to the Anne Frank House and the Rijksmuseum.
Water bikes of Amsterdam
The water bike is one of the best bikes of Amsterdam. You can rent your own water bike at the Canal Company near Central Station, Leidseplein Square, across the Anne Frank House and on the corner of the Keizersgracht and Leidsestraat. Make sure to bring you camera, because a tour through the canals of Amsterdam on a water bike is a hilarious adventure.
Our recommendations for more Holland information
Vibrant festivals, royal art, canal tours and picnics: enjoy the summer in Holland!Read More
Undoubtedly one of the jewels of Europe, and not just because of the stunning 17th century canals. Go find out for yourself!Read More
Hotels in special locations, luxurious or low-budget. Book your hotel room at attractive rates here.Read More
Holland is the ultimate destination for cycling thanks to its flat landscape, mild climate, short distances and wonderful infrastructure.Read More

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ex-Ridgeway star Tarik Black ready for Tigers' debut
As a 10th-grader still learning the game, Tarik Black could only dream of one day walking onto the FedExForum court as a part of the University of Memphis basketball team.
Four years later, that dream becomes reality tonight as the former Ridgeway High star will be one of eight new Tigers on scholarship who will be introduced before an expected crowd of more than 18,000 at Memphis Madness.
"I'm not sure if you can picture that in your head before it happens. It's something that just hits you once you walk on the court," said Black, one of eight Memphis freshmen. "My first Midnight Madness was in the 10th grade and I was like, 'Wow!' But I never expected this to come true. So really, it is a fairy tale for me."
While tonight's festivities signify the official start of practice for the 2010-11 season, coach Josh Pastner said the real work won't begin until Saturday, when the Tigers are back behind closed doors at the Finch Center.
Tonight's event is geared more toward impressing fans and the several Memphis recruits who will be in attendance, including Melrose senior forward Adonis Thomas and Okolona (Miss.) High senior guard D.J. Gardner -- who both are making official visits this weekend.
"It's gonna be a fun night. I'm excited. I know the players are. Everyone should be," Pastner said. "Last year, we were the only place in America where you had 19,000 people (at Madness) and you had to shut the doors down because of a fire hazard. The fire marshal had to say, 'We have to turn people away.' There was nowhere else in the country that was doing that. So this is very unique."
Doors open at 6:30 p.m. For the second straight year, rapper Yo Gotti will perform as part of the free and open-to-the-public event.
Former Tiger Chris Douglas-Roberts, now with the Milwaukee Bucks, will join fellow former Tigers Penny Hardaway and Cedric Henderson and Grizzlies forward Rudy Gay as celebrity judges for a dunk contest. Tigers players will also compete in a 3-point contest and scrimmage.
"I'm not nervous. Never nervous. This is what we do, especially me. I love this stuff," said freshman guard Will Barton, who attended Memphis Madness as a recruit last season. "I'm just real anxious and amped up.
"Last year was crazy. There were a lot of people there. I was just overwhelmed by the atmosphere out there. It was so electric. It wasn't even a game and it was a sell-out, so I was like, 'Just imagine what the games are like if they just come here for basically a little practice.'"
Junior forward Wesley Witherspoon said he has tried explaining to Black, Barton and Memphis' six other freshman that they've never experienced an atmosphere as players like what's expected tonight.
"We try to tell them all the time that it's nothing like they've played in front of before," Witherspoon said. "I mean, it's going to feel like the floor is shaking. So once they get there, it's probably going to be a whole other ball game for them.
"This will be a great time for them to get a taste of what it's like to play in front of 18,000. This really doesn't count. If they mess up, it doesn't matter."
Added Pastner: "It's like finally ringing the bell that we're starting the year. You've got to remember, we've been at it since early June and the guys that are returning, they've been at it since we lost to Ole Miss (last season in the NIT). So guys are ready. They're hungry, and that's what you need if we're going to have the success that we want to have."
Memphis Madness
When: Today; doors open at 6:30 p.m. for women's team, with men starting at about 8:20. A scrimmage is slated for 9:10 p.m.
Where: FedExForum
Details: Free and open to the public; men's team will sign autographs beginning at 6:45 p.m. at four locations on the FedExForum plaza level
-- Jason Smith: 529-5804
Subscribe to The Commercial Appeal
Need Help? Call us at 1-888-789-0831.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6:30am-11:30am / Sunday: 6am-1pm


text:
Cheap SAW to Olongapo flights
Popular Flights from Istanbul, Turkey
Top Istanbul Flights to US Destinations
Top Istanbul International Destinations
Popular Flights from Olongapo, Philippines
Top Olongapo Flights to US Destinations
Top Olongapo International Destinations
SAW to SFS Route Map
Istanbul to Olongapo Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from Sabiha Gokcen Intl. to Subic Bay.
5,602.37 miles
SAW - Sabiha Gokcen Intl. Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Istanbul (SAW) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


text:
District of Pennsylvania Real Property Cases
All Other Real Property Cases, Dockets and Filings
Cases filed
Cases 1 - 10 of 386
BARI et al v. FARIVAR et al
as 2:2015cv02331
Plaintiff: JONATHAN H. BARI , LESLIE S. BARI
Defendant: ROBERT SAEID FARIVAR , FIROOZEH MOSTASHARI
Cause Of Action: Diversity-Notice of Removal
Land Tycoon, Inc. v. Talanca et al
as 1:2015cv00834
Plaintiff: Land Tycoon, Inc.
Defendant: Kay E. Talanca, United States Of America , U.S. Department of Agriculture
Cause Of Action: Quiet Title
CRE/ADC VENTURE 2013-1, LLC v. BENNER et al
as 5:2015cv02260
Defendant: RICHARD J. BENNER, REBECCA S. BENNER, JOHN DOES 1 THROUGH 10
Plaintiff: CRE/ADC VENTURE 2013-1, LLC
Cause Of Action: Default of Promissory Note
STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY v. C&C GENERAL CONTRACTING & CONSTRUCTION, LLC
as 2:2015cv00526
Plaintiff: STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY
Defendant: C&C GENERAL CONTRACTING & CONSTRUCTION, LLC
Cause Of Action: Diversity-Other
Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC v. Sir Properties Trust et al
as 1:2015cv00744
Plaintiff: Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC
Defendant: Sir Properties Trust, Metropolitan Edison Company, The United Telephone Company of Pennsylvania
Cause Of Action: Diversity-Other Contract
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY v. ASSOCIATED THERMAL SERVICES, INC. et al
as 2:2015cv00473
Plaintiff: NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
Defendant: ASSOCIATED THERMAL SERVICES, INC. , FIATO ENTERPRISES, L.L.C., SERVPRO OF GREENSBURG
Cause Of Action: Diversity-Other
PARADISE TOWNSHIP v. ASWIN GROUP, LLC
as 5:2015cv01573
Plaintiff: PARADISE TOWNSHIP
Defendant: ASWIN GROUP, LLC
Cause Of Action: Notice of Removal
1148 Capouse, LLC, A Pennsylvania Limited Liability Company v. United States of America
as 1:2015cv00546
Plaintiff: 1148 Capouse, LLC, A Pennsylvania Limited Liability Company
Defendant: United States of America
Cause Of Action: (a) Fed. Question: Real Property
A/Z Corporation v. Lowe's Home Centers, LLC
as 1:2015cv00533
Plaintiff: A/Z Corporation
Defendant: Lowe's Home Centers, LLC
Third_party_plaintiff: Lowe's Home Centers, LLC
Third_party_defendant: Smart Start Lighting, LLC
Cross_claimant: A/Z Corporation
Cross_defendant: Smart Start Lighting, LLC
Cause Of Action: Diversity-Contract Dispute
Diefenderfer et al v. Dring et al
as 3:2015cv00500
Plaintiff: John P Diefenderfer , Heidi B Diefenderfer
Defendant: Lori Dring, Nancy Asaro
Cause Of Action: Diversity-Property Damage
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.


text:
A system and method for reducing peak power of a laser pulse and reducing speckle contrast of a single pulse comprises a plurality of beamsplitters, mirrors and delay elements oriented to split and delay a pulse or pulses transmitted from a light emitting device. The design provides the ability to readily divide the pulse into multiple pulses by delaying the components relative to one another. Reduction of speckle contrast entails using the same or similar components to the power reduction design, reoriented to orient received energy such that the angles between the optical paths are altered such that the split or divided light energy components strike the target at different angles or different positions. An alternate embodiment for reducing speckle contrast is disclosed wherein a single pulse is passed in an angular orientation through a grating to create a delayed portion of the pulse relative to the leading edge of the pulse.
1. A system for reducing light energy pulse peak power, comprising:
at least one beamsplitter for splitting a light energy pulse into a plurality of pulses;
at least one optical delay line for delaying and redirecting at least one of said plurality of pulses; and
at least one loss compensator for compensating for energy losses of pulses routed through the system;
wherein the system redirects the light energy pulse using each beamsplitter, optical delay line, and loss compensator such that at least one pulse strikes a target at a time offset from that of at least one other pulse; and wherein:
said at least one beamsplitter comprises two beamsplitters;
said at least one delay line comprises two optical delay lines; and
said at least one loss compensator comprises two loss compensators;
wherein said arrangement is oriented to cause four pulses to strike said target at different times.
2. A system for reducing light energy pulse peak power, comprising:
at least one beamsplitter for splitting a light energy pulse into a plurality of pulses;
at least one optical delay line for delaying and redirecting at least one of said plurality of pulses; and
at least one loss compensator for compensating for energy losses of pulses routed through the system;
wherein the system redirects the light energy pulse using each beamsplitter, optical delay line, and loss compensator such that at least one pulse strikes a target at a time offset from that of at least one other pulse, and wherein said system causes four pulses to contact said target at four different times.
3. A method for reducing peak power in a light energy pulse generated by a light emitting device, comprising:
dividing said light energy pulse into a plurality of pulses;
delaying at least one of said plurality of pulses;
compensating predetermined pulses for energy loss resulting from said delaying step; and
applying said pulses to a target at predetermined times.
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. A system for reducing light energy pulse peak power, comprising:
at least one beamsplitter for splitting a light energy pulse into a plurality of pulses;
at least one optical delay line for delaying and redirecting at least one of said plurality of pulses; and
at least one loss compensator for compensating for energy losses of pulses routed through the system;
wherein the system redirects the light energy pulse using each beamsplitter, optical delay line, and loss compensator such that at least one pulse strikes a target at a time offset from that of at least one other pulse, and wherein said loss compensator includes a polarizer.
12. A method for increasing the repetition rate of illumination received from a pulsed energy source, comprising:
dividing illumination received from said pulsed energy source into a plurality of pulses;
delaying at least a portion of one of said plurality of pulses; and
compensating predetermined pulses for energy loss resulting from said delaying.
13. The method of
14. The method of
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of optical imaging and more particularly to reduction of the peak power and speckle contrast for bright field and dark field inspection applications.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many optical systems are designed to produce images such as an inspection system for a partially fabricated integrated circuit or a photomask. Techniques and apparatus for inspecting circuits or photomasks are well known in the art and are embodied in various commercial products such as many of those available from KLA-Tencor Corporation of San Jose, Calif. Most optical imaging systems use a continuous illumination source. However, many times pulsed illumination sources are preferred or are the only sources available. This is especially true in the DUV spectral region below 250 nm where very few high brightness illumination sources exist that are not pulsed. Common examples are excimer lasers used in the photolithography process for manufacturing semiconductor devices.
If a pulsed illumination source is used, the optical imaging system must contend with the nature of pulsed illumination. This is especially true when inspecting integrated circuits or photomasks. Pulsed illumination typically suffers from two major problems. First, the peak power of the illumination transmitted from the illumination source can be very high and potentially damage elements in the optical system or the object being inspected. Second, the light energy can suffer from "speckle" or random intensity distribution of light due to interference effects. This is especially true for laser light sources.
Further, instances occur wherein a higher repetition rate source is not available. A system or device for turning a high repetition rate laser, such as a mode locked laser, into a virtually continuous source would be very useful in these situations.
One prior apparatus for reducing the peak power of a pulsed laser is U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,456 by Horton. The Horton design uses one mirror and one beamsplitter to split a single laser pulse into multiple pulses. The multiple pulses are then delayed with respect to each other using reflective optical delay schemes. Several drawbacks exist for this approach. First, the pulse-to-pulse uniformity is highly dependent on the quality of the mirror and beamsplitter used to form the multiple pulses as well as losses in the optical delay schemes. To maintain uniform pulses this system requires 100% reflective mirrors, 50% reflective and 50% transmissive beam splitters with no absorption, and perfect AR coatings with 100% transmission. Any deviations from this will cause an energy variation between the pulses. For example, consider the effects of imperfect optics on a system that generates 16 pulses. If the beamsplitter transmission is 49% and the reflectivity is 51%, the energy variation between the pulses will be 16%. In addition, if the mirror has a reflectivity of 99% it will cause an additional energy variation between the pulses of 3%. Another limitation of the Horton design is that it is not well suited for the DUV-VUV spectral range. Reflective coatings are much less efficient in this range and can cause large losses. These losses will contribute to pulse-to-pulse nonuniformity and a reduction in the efficiency of the peak power reduction scheme. For example, a reflective optical delay scheme with a 1 m long cavity, using mirrors with 99% reflectivity, and an optical delay of 10 meters will have a loss of 10%. Similarily, a reflective optical delay scheme with an optical delay of 20 m, 40 m, and 80 m will have losses of 18%, 33%, and 55% respectively. If these delay paths are used in a system to generate 16 pulses, assuming perfect 50% beam splitters and a perfectly reflecting mirror, the lowest energy pulse will be only 22% of the highest energy pulse. An additional limitation of the Horton design is that it uses a single mirror and beamsplitter to generate the multiple pulses. This optical setup is not flexible and inhibits compensation of different losses for each delay path. In addition, this scheme offers no solution for dealing with the effects of speckle.
With respect to speckle problems, two primary techniques have been used in the past to reduce the contrast of speckle in a single laser pulse. The first technique employs two rotating diffusers to create multiple speckle patterns during a single pulse. This technique relies on the relative motion of the two rotating diffusers to produce uncorrrelated speckle patterns. This technique has several major disadvantages. First, the diffusers must rotate at a high at a high rate of speed to produce smoothing within a pulse. For a typical pulse of 20 ns, only a limited number of uncorrelated speckle patterns can be produced. Also, losses from diffusers are typically very high. A typical transmission for such a diffuser is 40%. The diffusers in combination then have a transmission of only 16%. In addition, rotating diffusers can be a source of vibration that can effect the image quality of the system. The second technique uses two diffraction gratings and an electro-optic modulator to produce speckle smoothing within a single pulse. This scheme was developed to minimize speckle problems for laser fusion systems. This technique has several limitations including large size and very high cost. In addition, electro optic modulators operating at high bandwidths in the DUV and VUV ranges are not available.
It is therefore an object of the current invention to provide a system or arrangement that can reduce the peak power of a laser pulse emanating from an energy source.
It is another object of the current invention to provide an illumination solution that does not suffer excessive losses due to mirrors, beamsplitters, and optical delay lines but that can produce substantially uniform pulses.
It is a further object of the current invention to provide an illumination solution that can be readily reconfigured while producing optical delays with minimum optical losses, particularly in the DUV-VUV spectral region.
It is still a further object of the current invention to provide an illumination solution, having reduced speckle contrast for a single energy pulse.
It is yet a further object of the current invention to provide for speckle contrast reduction in an illumination system preferably employing a pulsed illumination source wherein said speckle contrast reduction may be employed in combination with other speckle reduction schemes to further reduce the speckle contrast of a single pulse.
It is yet another object of the current invention to effectively increase the repetition rate of a pulsed source and further to achieve quasi-continuous operation from a high repetition rate source.
The present invention is a system and method for reducing the peak power of a laser pulse. The system and method disclosed herein utilize multiple paths using a unique design to divide a pulse received from a light generating device, such as a laser, into multiple lower energy pulses, and delay those pulses such that they may strike the target surface at different times. The design provided herein comprises a plurality of beamsplitters combined with a plurality of delay elements to delay a pulse or pulses transmitted from the light emitting device in an advantageous manner. The design provides the ability to readily divide the pulse into two, four, eight, or conceivably any number of components with components delayed relative to one another. The energy in each pulse can be adjusted using a variety of optical attenuation schemes to produce pulses with substantially uniform energies. Energy received from the light generating device may be split into components using beamsplitters and directed through different paths toward the target, such as a semiconductor wafer surface. Certain optical delay arrangements using prisms, Brewster's angle surfaces, and reflecting devices employing mirrors or Total Internal Reflection (TIR) surfaces provide delay compensation for the optical paths. These delay schemes can be in classical arrangements such as a White Cell or Herriott Cell or other novel delay schemes described herein.
The system and method further include a design for reducing speckle contrast, wherein a similar arrangement to that presented for the peak power reduction is employed, using beamsplitters, mirrors, and optical delay arrangements, to reduce the contrast of speckle in a single laser pulse. The reduction in contrast is performed based on the fact that laser beams entering a diffuser at a different angle or position produces a changed speckle pattern leaving the diffuser. Multiple speckle patterns may therefore be generated by multiple beams operating at multiple angles or positions through a diffuser, and the speckle patterns may be integrated together to reduce contrast. However, the speckle pattern must arrive at the detector at slightly different times. Thus the design presented herein to reduce peak power may be used with altered angles between the optical paths such that the split or divided light energy components strike the diffuser at suitably different angles.
An alternate embodiment for reducing speckle contrast is disclosed wherein a single pulse is passed in an angular orientation through a grating to create a delayed portion of the pulse relative to the leading edge of the pulse. One side of the pulse is delayed with respect to the other side of the pulse. If this time delay is suitably longer than the coherence length of the laser pulse, multiple zones are created across the pulse that will not interfere. Each of these zones can then pass through a diffuser at different angles and the speckle contrast can be reduced. A second grating can also be used in combination with the first grating to remove the spectral dispersion while maintaining the optical delay from one side of the pulse to the other.
In addition, these techniques to reduce the speckle contrast can be used in combination with other speckle reduction techniques to further reduce the speckle. Two examples of such techniques are a light pipe and a lens array. A light pipe or lens array spatially divides an input beam into multiple beamlets. Each of these beamlets then overlaps at the output of the light pipe or lens array. If the spatial or temporal coherence of the input pulse is sufficient so that one beamlet does not interfere with another, speckle contrast can be reduced.
Further, the method described herein for creating multiple pulses from a single pulse effectively increases the repetition rate of a repetitively pulsed source. The method described herein for reducing the speckle contrast from a single pulse using a grating to delay one side of a pulse with respect to the other side effectively increases the pulse length in time. Using both of these techniques in combination may produce a continuous or nearly continuous source from a high repetition rate source.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the design used to reduce the peak power of a laser pulse, and one that can be altered by varying the angles of the components to reduce speckle contrast for a single laser pulse;
FIG. 2a shows a plot of the intensity of a single pulse;
FIG. 2b is a plot of the intensity of multiple pulses, specifically eight pulses, resulting from the use of the system and method similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a delay arrangement using two prisms, each prism including a TIR surface and an AR surface;
FIG. 4 illustrates two prisms rotated such that light energy entering makes a total of six round trips between prisms, thereby increasing overall delay time;
FIG. 5a is a delay arrangement employing a single image relay lens;
FIG. 5b illustrates a delay arrangement having two image relay lenses;
FIG. 6 presents a delay arrangement wherein three prisms are used each having a TIR surface and incorporating a Brewster's angle surface;
FIG. 7 is a preferred angular arrangement of pulses to apply to ground glass to reduce speckle contrast in accordance with the invention herein and the design of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 shows the results of a standard laser pulse, the use of two DUV pulses, and four DUV pulses and the associated speckle contrasts;
FIG. 9 is an alternate embodiment of the method and apparatus for reducing speckle contrast employing a diffraction grating;
FIG. 10 is the resultant speckle contrast of the grating arrangement used in FIG. 9; and
FIG. 11 illustrates a functional diagram of the elements used in a device that reduces peak power and speckle contrast.
The present invention is a system and method for reducing peak power and speckle contrast in an imaging system employing a pulsed illumination source. The system uses multiple beam splitters in an arrangement that has the ability in many environments to minimize the energy variation between pulses. This system allows for a flexible setup where various combinations of plate beamsplitters and cube beamsplitters in different arrangements and geometries may be used while still within the scope of the teachings of the current invention.
In typical pulsed illumination source inspection systems, optical delay lines can be a major source of losses. The losses in the delay arms result from imperfect optics such as mirrors having less than 100% reflectivity, beamsplitters with loss and unequal beamsplit ratios, absorption of light energy in glass materials and coatings, and light energy scattering effects. These optical delay line losses adversely contribute to variations in the pulse-to-pulse energy unless a method of compensation is used. In the present invention, components are introduced between the beamsplitters to compensate for losses in the beamsplitters, mirrors, and optical delay lines. The net result is that the pulse energies are much more uniform. High efficiency within the system minimizes the required introduction of compensating losses.
A schematic of an embodiment of a scheme to generate four pulses is shown in FIG. 1. From FIG. 1, light energy is initially generated by light emission source 101. The light energy is shown as four separate beams to more clearly illustrate the formation of four separate pulses. In most real situations only a single light beam would originate from the light source. The light energy from light emission source 101 is a pulsed light source. Light is transmitted toward beamsplitter 102, which splits the light energy. The pulse that is reflected by beamsplitter 101 is directed to the 10 ns optical delay 103, and beamsplitter 104. Beamsplitter 104 may again either split the beam or permit the beam to pass through. If it passes through, it is directed to the 20 ns optical delay 105, mirror 106, and to the specimen. In the case of the pulsed light energy passing through beamsplitter 102, said light energy contacts loss compensator 107 and subsequently passes to beamsplitter 104. Loss compensator 107 compensates for imperfect optical components such as the beamsplitter 102 or loss in optical delay 103. In this manner, light energy reflected by beamsplitter 102 contacts beamsplitter 104 at the same or nearly the same energy as light energy passing through beamsplitter 102 and loss compensator 107. Similarly, light energy from beamsplitter 104 that passes through loss compensator 108 strikes the sample surface at approximately the same energy as light passing the 20 ns optical delay 105 and mirror 106. If the light from source 101 is polarized, mirror 106 could be replaced by a waveplate and polarizing beamsplitter. In this manner the beams can be easily co-aligned. This mechanization provides for varying delays of the pulsed light energy such that light energy strikes the specimen surface at a desired time with relatively uniform energies.
The design presented in FIG. 1 generates four pulses each delayed by a different amount of time. The pulse passing directly through both beamsplitters has no delay introduced, while deflecting off both beamsplitters introduces a 10 nanosecond delay. 20 and 30 nanosecond delays can also be introduced in this arrangement as shown. This introduction of delay reduces the peak power of the pulses contacting the specimen surface.
The effects of using a design similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 1 are illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2 b. The system used to generate the pulses in FIG. 2b is capable of producing eight pulses delayed by varying amounts of time. In FIG. 2a, a 532 nm laser pulse is delivered to the specimen surface. The magnitude of the energy striking the surface is 100 percent. FIG. 2b shows the multiple pulses delivered to the surface, wherein the spacing between pulses is 14.2 nanoseconds, and eight pulses are delivered in 100 nanoseconds. The magnitude of the pulses delivered is on the order of 12.5 percent. Thus rather than exposing the surface with a single large energy pulse, the surface is contacted by multiple smaller pulses.
A scheme to create multiple pulses from a single pulse poses problems with producing a uniform energy for the multiple pulses. This is especially true when a large number of pulses or long delays are required. In addition,maintaining uniform pulse amplitudes is further complicated in the UV-DUV portion of the spectrum. Optical losses tend to be very high because of increased absorption, less efficient AR and HR coatings, and increased scattering. However, even efficient optical systems can still suffer significant differences in pulse energies. In this scheme, compensators are used to add additional losses, similar to those produced by the beamsplitters, mirrors, optical delay lines, and so forth, in order to make the pulse energy uniform.
Many different schemes can be used for compensation. A common technique is to use attenuation in the form of reflective or absorbing filters. The appropriate filters can be used to compensate for the losses and make the pulse energies uniform. Continuously variable filters are available that allow exact matching. In addition, other techniques can be used, such as employing a polarization based attenuator when using polarized light.
The optical delay line is an important component of the present system. Imaging relays or stable optical cavities are preferred because they maintain the beam profile and stability over long optical delay paths. Many of these schemes are commonly known in the industry. Reflective cavities such as White cells, Herriott cells, or other reflective multipass cells are typical examples. One major problem with these type of multipass cells is they can be very inefficient. If long optical delays are necessary, many cavity round trips will be required with many mirror reflections. In the DUV-VUV spectral range, where mirror coatings may not be highly reflective, the efficiency of an all reflective optical delay line may be unacceptable. For this reason it is desirable to employ optical delay schemes that minimize losses.
In the DUV-VUV spectral region, antireflection coatings are typically more efficient than HR coatings. In addition, interfaces at Brewster's angle and TIR surfaces can have extremely low loss. The present design allows the use of novel optical delay schemes that can utilize Brewsters angle surfaces, TIR surfaces and transmissive surfaces that can be AR coated to greatly enhance the efficiency of the optical delay scheme. One such novel optical delay scheme utilizing these types of surfaces is illustrated in FIG. 3. The system of FIG. 3 utilizes two prisms, left prism 301 right prism 302, having total internal reflections and an AR coated surface as an optical delay mechanism. This arrangement has the additional advantage that the optical delay can be tuned simply by rotating the prisms about their common axis. From FIG. 3, the light beam is introduced into the arrangement and is deflected by a mirror 306 to left prism 301, which directs light outward toward right prism 302. Right prism 302 has two TIR (total internal reflection) surfaces 303 and an AR (anti-reflective) surface 304 for directing the beam back toward left prism 301. After a single pass through the arrangement, light energy exits the arrangement, shown as the output beam in FIG. 3, using mirror 305 to direct the light energy outward. Additional methods can be used to direct the input and output beams. Examples of these methods include a single mirror using the front surface for the input and the rear surface for the output, or a prism using TIR and AR surfaces in much the same manner as prism 301 and 302. In addition, the input and output beams can be located in a variety of positions within the cavity to suit the particular application. This produces the necessary delay for the system in an efficient manner. As may be appreciated, the desired time of the delay directly affects the spacing between the various components.
Further delays may be obtained by creating multiple trips between the reflecting surfaces prior to passing the light energy out of the arrangement. The increase in delay by rotation of the left prism 301 and right prism 302 are shown in FIG. 4. The arrangement shown in FIG. 4 has the limitation that the beam is not re-imaged as it passes back and forth between the prisms. An image relay can be added to the arrangement of FIG. 4 by placing a lens or lenses between the prisms. Addition of a lens or lenses provides for re-imaging such that an image may be retrieved and processed at varying points in the design, thus providing increased control over the quality of the image received. An imaging relay can be inserted in the optical delay arrangement as shown in FIG. 5a. This optical delay improves the stability and maintain the beam size for long optical delays. An image relay example using two lenses in an afocal telescope arrangement is shown in FIG. 5b. Alternately, one or more prism surface can be curved to act as a lens, in the case of an AR surface, or a curved mirror, in the case of a TIR surface, for purposes of re-imaging the light.
Novel optical delay schemes utilizing TIR and Brewster's angle surfaces are also possible. One such optical delay geometry is shown in FIG. 6. From FIG. 6, input beam 601 is directed into the arrangement and redirected using a mirror 602 toward first prism 603. First prism 603 directs the received beam toward second prism 604, which directs the beam toward third prism 605. Each prism has a TIR surface and two Brewster angle surfaces to efficiently deflect and transmit the light energy. Once light energy is reflected by third prism 605, it is output as output beam 607 from the arrangement using a mirror 606. A lens or lenses can also be added to this geometry to re-image the light, either in the path of the light or at the entrance or exit of one of the prisms. Multiple round trips can be achieved by providing a small angle of the beam out of the plane of the drawing in FIG. 6. This will cause the beam to walk down the surfaces of the prisms with each round trip.
The system further includes the ability to reduce speckle effects in transmitted and received light. It can be shown that when a laser beam enters a diffuser at a different angle, the speckle pattern of the light energy leaving the diffuser also changes. This change in speckle pattern for different angles enables generation of multiple speckle patterns by multiple beams at multiple angles when light energy passes through a diffuser. These speckle patterns can be integrated together to reduce the speckle contrast. However, in order for integration to function properly, each speckle pattern must arrive at the detector at slightly different times. Varying arrival times of speckle patterns can be achieved by using the same optical apparatus previously described to reduce the peak power of a laser pulse. The optical apparatus, such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, generates multiple pulses separated in time from a single input pulse.
The difference between using the system illustrated in FIG. 1 for reducing peak power and using the system to reduce speckle contrast is the alignment of the optical apparatus. Typically, when multiple pulses are generated to reduce the peak power of a single pulse, all the optical paths are co-aligned to have the same optical axis and the same beam position at the exit of the optical apparatus. However, for reducing the speckle contrast, it is desirable to have different angles between the different optical paths. Different angles are achieved by slightly changing the angles of the mirrors and beamsplitters in the optical apparatus. This angular change produces different angles between each output pulse as the pulse exits the optical apparatus and enters the diffuser as shown in FIG. 7. The result of using two and four pulses to reduce the contrast of a speckle pattern is shown in FIG. 8. From FIG. 8, a typical DUV laser arrangement without the implementation of FIG. 1 having varying angles between optical paths produces a speckle contrast of 80 percent. Use of the implementation of FIG. 1 may entail, for example in a 2 DUV beam arrangement, light energy being directed through the beamsplitters and loss compensators for one channel, i.e. the 0 ns loss leg of FIG. 1, as well as the 10 ns path. Such an implementation requires redirecting at least one path of light energy, such as the energy emitting from the 10 ns delay path, so as to contact the surface at an angle different from the 0 ns energy path in a manner as demonstrated in FIG. 7, i.e. at an offset angle from the 0 ns path. Using this type of implementation, speckle contrast may be reduced to on the order of 56 percent. Use of four separate and summed DUV beams, such as all four paths illustrated in FIG. 1, reduces the speckle contrast to on the order of 40 percent.
One problem with this scheme is that diffusers are not efficient. In the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1, a phase plate may be inserted in the system instead of a diffuser to increase efficiencies. Phase plates with multiple levels or continuous profiles can provide efficiencies approaching 100%.
The second method for reducing speckle contrast using a single pulse employs a grating to produce an optical delay from one side of the pulse to the other. The use of a grating to delay a portion of the pulse is illustrated in FIG. 9. Grating 901 causes one side of the laser wavefront to be delayed in time. This delay caused by grating 901 changes across the beam making the wavefront tilt in time. In FIG. 9, the wave emanates from the light generating device (not shown) at the bottom of the illustration. The pulse has a diameter D and in the arrangement shown the left portion of the beam strikes the grating 901 and is redirected by the grating 901 before the right half of the pulse strikes the grating. The distance covered in a fixed period of time is the same for the right and left side of the pulse, and thus by the time the right side of the pulse reaches location 902, the left side of the pulse has reached location 903. From the illustration, the right side of the pulse covers an additional distance L before striking grating 901. The illustration shows an approximate 45 degree angle between the pulse and grating 901, but in practice other angles could be employed while still within the scope of the invention. In the illustrated 45 degree angle case, the right side of the pulse covers a distance that is ultimately 2L shorter than the distance covered by the left side of the pulse. This differential in time or in distance covered produces a differential akin to the delay produced by the implementation of FIG. 1. The resultant tilted wavefront can be used in combination with a diffuser or phase plate to reduce the speckle contrast.
From FIG. 9, the initial laser pulse will have a well defined coherence length. After the pulse passes through grating 901 one side of the pulse is delayed and the coherence length remains the same. The right side of the pulse is delayed with respect to the left side by:
where D is the diameter of the input beam and θi is the diffraction angle. This mechanization effectively breaks up the pulse into many independent sections that do not interfere with each other. These independent sections combine in intensity to reduce the speckle contrast. The number of independent sections is equal to:
where 2L is the maximum delay and lc is the coherence length. The result of the use of a grating such as that presented in FIG. 9 to reduce the contrast of a speckle pattern in shown in FIG. 10. From FIG. 10, speckle contrast may be reduced from 80 percent for a single pulse to 29 percent using a grating as shown in FIG. 9.
Speckle reduction techniques using the implementation of FIG. 1 and that of FIG. 8 may be used in combination to further reduce speckle contrast. In addition, the use of optical delays and gratings or other redirectional or delaying elements can be used in combination with a light pipe or lens array to produce an ideal uniform illumination source with low peak power and low speckle contrast. FIG. 11 illustrates the operation and elements in a system for reducing speckle contrast. Step 1101 involves generating the initial laser pulse. Step 1102 provides for tilting the pulse using a grating such as the grating 901 presented in FIG. 9. Step 1103 comprises splitting the pulse received from the grating and delaying the pulse using multiple exit angles. Step 1104 indicates passage of the varying angle and delayed pulses through ground glass or phase plates and subsequently passing the received light energy to a light pipe or lens array in step 1105. Other combinations of the pulse delay or dividing and combining techniques disclosed herein are possible while still within the course and scope of the invention.
The system and method described for creating multiple pulses from a single pulse effectively increases the repetition rate of a repetitively pulsed source. For example, if a 2 kHz excimer laser is used in combination with the system designed to create four pulses as described in FIG. 1, the repetition rate is increased to 8 kHz. In addition, the system and method described for reducing the speckle contrast from a single pulse using a grating to delay one side of a pulse with respect to the other side effectively increases the pulse length in time. It is therefore conceivable that by using both of these techniques in combination, a continuous or nearly continuous source can be produced from a high repetition rate source. To illustrate this, assume a laser operating at 80 MHz with a 100 ps pulse width is used in combination with a system, similar to that described in FIG. 1, designed to create 32 pulses with the appropriate delays, the repetition rate is effectively increased to 2.6 GHz. The pulse separation of the 2.6 GHz source is around 400 ps. Now if the 100 ps pulse can be stretched to 400 ps, the source can be considered continuous. Using a grating at a symmetric 45 degree angle, the 100 ps pulse can be stretched to 400 ps using a beam 2.4 inches in diameter. One potential problem with this approach is the spectral dispersion created by the grating. This can be eliminated by adding a second grating. This second grating eliminates the spectral dispersion while maintaining the optical delay from one side of the pulse to the other.
While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is capable of further modifications. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention, and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known and customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
1,000 - 5,000 downloads
Add this app to your lists
- Useful tool
- Easy to use
- Various features
- in italian
+ By Net Sinergy Srl
Comments and ratings for Oink
(21 stars)
Keeps shutting down, so I cannot sign up and use this app.
(21 stars)
Tried for half an hour about five or six times to sign up but the thing kept either crashing or freezing.. uninstalled.
(21 stars)
I was just looking for this!


text:
Popularity ScoreReferrals to Site/Downloads
0 1+ 250+ 1000+ 10000+
Magento Connect
EM Junky Theme is specially designed in high-fashion, dynamic and comfortable style for luxury fashion stores. Simple black and white become a perfect background for your colorful product range.
Template's integrated functions are to ensure satisfying your dear customers and help them shop comfortably. Mega Menu with multi column, banner and video is a super easy tool to custom website content as well as sort your database into a logical categories and subcategories. Beside an extra menu appears on the header where is extremely easy to see and keeps the site informative. With custom product widgets, you will have unlimited rule set for your prominent products or hot deals or product range you want to emphasize. Therefore, customers can have great observation on your product at very first when they come to the website. Extra footer, brand slider, social networks and others tools are great support to make your website unique and stand out of the crowd.
It will definitely satisfy you when you experience it.
There are no uploaded releases.
This extension was developed by and is supported by EMThemes_Giao
The best place to start if you need help with a specific extension is to contact the developer. All Magento developers have both a contact email and a support email listed.
If you need support for a Magento platform, there are different options for support depending on which Magento platform you are using. Below are links for specific platforms.
We built Magento Connect using the latest techniques and technologies.
This makes Magento Connect faster and easier to use.
Unfortunately, your browser doesn't support those technologies.
Use the links below to download a new browser or upgrade your existing browser.
Internet Explorer Version 9+ Mozilla Firefox Version 7+ Google Chrome Version 14+ Apple Safari Version 5+


text:
Executive Committee of the American Institute of Physics
Minutes of Meeting
June 14, 1960
Members Present: R. A. Sawyer, Chairman; W. R. Brode; J. W. Buchta; R. B. Lindsay
Absent: S. A. Goudsmit; W. W. Havens, Jr.; G. E. Uhlenbeck
AIP Staff Present: H. A. Barton; Dorothy M. Lasky; Wallace Waterfall; Mary M. Johnson (Elmer Hutchisson in hospital)
The Chairman called the meeting to order at 9:45 a.m.
1. Minutes
The minutes of the meeting of March 25, 1960, were approved as amended by adding the name of William R. Willets to the Committee of Society Secretaries and Treasurers on Page 2 of "AIP Committees and Appointed Representatives 1960."
2. Financial Statement for First Quarter 1960
The Treasurer distributed copies of the financial statement for the first quarter (copy attached). He pointed out that, as authorized by the Executive Committee, all income from investments had been credited directly to the Building Reserve (Page 2A) and not included in general income as contemplated in the budget. An Operating Reserve was set up into which income from all Institute journals except PT is placed as indicated on Page 2A of the statement – Analysis of Operating Reserve. The staff interpreted the Executive Committee's action to mean that overhead on Soviet translation journal grants should also be put in the Operating Reserve and that was done. Because of the change authorized since the 1960 budget was prepared, it is not obvious how the first quarter performance compares with budget but we are really about $3,600 better off than budget. The Treasurer pointed out that funds from the Operating Reserve can be used to offset journal or other operating deficits whenever the Committee wishes.
In answer to a question, the Treasurer said our net worth as of March 31, 1960, was our land, building, equipment, and the three first listed special purpose funds plus $86,779.96.
3. Solid State Physics Prize
Miss Lasky reported receipt of a proposal from Messrs. Robert K. Willardson of Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp. and Harvey L. Goering of Battelle Memorial Institute that the Institute administer an award in the field of solid state physics, funds to come from royalties on a series of books. The proposal suggested that the award be not less than $1,000, that the Division of Solid State Physics of APS select the awardee, and that the prize be awarded at some international conference. The Director had referred the proposal to Messrs. Weisskopf and Darrow, but Mr. Darrow felt that it would conflict with the Buckley Award. He also felt that it was not appropriate for a particular division of APS to be called upon to make final selection of the awardee, especially when the award would not be made at an APS function. Mr. Weisskopf was of more or less the same opinion. The Executive Committee seemed to be in agreement with the objections cited.
A question was raised as to whether this proposed award could be tied in with our Tate Memorial. It was also suggested that the originators of the proposal might be persuaded to broaden the basis or otherwise change the conditions for the award to be acceptable to AIP. The staff was instructed to convey these ideas to the originators and Messrs. Buchta and Brode agreed to contact Consolidated Electrodynamics and Battelle, respectively, to see if some mutually satisfactory arrangements can be worked out. Mr. Brode commented that the American Chemical Society would not accept money for a prize unless the Society selected the awardee.
4. Report on JAP Committee Meeting
Mr. Sawyer stated that the subject Committee met at the Institute on June 13 for the purpose of finding a new editor for JAP and discussing journal policy. Mr. Barton had attended the meeting, which was chaired by Hugh C. Wolfe, and he summarized the Committee's deliberations as follows:
The staff suggested that JAP was originally conceived as a strictly "applied" journal oriented strongly toward industrial applications of physics. It has become more of an archive journal and perhaps should return to what it was originally intended to be. The JAP Committee took no definite position on this point but agreed that JAP contents should be applied physics.
Editorial management of JAP, with its increasing number of conference supplements, is requiring so much of an editor's time that it is difficult to find someone willing to handle it on a part-time basis. The AIP staff suggested employing a managing editor to be housed at AIP headquarters, to be assisted by an editorial board of three distinguished, non-resident physicists who would meet frequently to help determine journal policy and content. The JAP Committee agreed to this proposal if a competent staff man could be found.
It was conceded that the proposed management setup would cost more than the present editorial arrangement but the staff reported that JAP was growing in attractiveness, circulation, and number of pages and, with further expansion of the conference supplement idea, additional income should be expected. The JAP Committee looked favorably on the increasing use of JAP for conference proceedings provided the conference papers were well edited and were suitable material for JAP.
Editor Krumhansl has suggested some procedures for fast publication of letters, possibly printing them separately by offset from typewriter composition. The staff does not favor this and prefers a suggestion made by Lancaster Press which will save about two weeks time by eliminating some proof stages. The JAP Committee questioned the need for ultra speed in JAP letters and pointed out the difficulties of limiting speedy publication only to really high priority material.
The possibility of changing JAP to a semimonthly was also discussed but no conclusion reached.
After discussion of the report of the JAP Committee meeting, it was the consensus of the Executive Committee that the new JAP editorial management setup proposed by the staff sounded feasible if a suitable managing editor and editorial triumvirate could be found. However, Mr. Brode said he felt this matter was sufficiently important to warrant its being submitted to the Governing Board for approval and the following motion was made by Mr. Lindsay, seconded by Mr. Brode and passed without dissenting vote:
MOVED that the Executive Committee approve the proposed management plan for JAP and authorize the staff to proceed to find suitable personnel, with the understanding that they are to be approved by the Executive Committee and that both the plan and the personnel are then to be submitted to letter ballot of the Governing Board.
5. Letter from Harvey Brooks on Publication Problems
Mr. Barton read a letter from Mr. Brooks regarding "Solid State Letters" to be published by Pergamon Press, in which he requested that the Institute take a position on the subject of privately-published physics journals. During the discussion which followed it was pointed out that, while we recognize the importance of being alert where there is a need for new journals, we cannot possible meet all the demands which are directed toward us. It was agreed that a policy pronouncement for publication in PT would be desirable and Mr. Brode was asked to draft such a paper for circulation to the Executive Committee and Governing Board prior to publication.
6. Report on AAPT Commission for the Improvement of College Physics Courses
Mr. Buchta described the proposed scope of this Commission which will report to AAPT after two years. He said money for conferences was granted to AAPT, which asked Educational Services Incorporated to act as fiscal agent. The 17-man Commission which will direct the project includes ex officio the President and Vice President of AAPT and the Director of AIP.
7. Progress Reports
Exhibit Survey
The Secretary recalled that about a year ago the staff was authorized to spend up to $5,000 to investigate the desirability of sponsoring large scale exhibits. We have spent $1,000 for study and report by a man experienced in exhibits but we did not feel that his report was worth the money. It is the feeling of the Director and Secretary that we should work into larger exhibits slowly and for 1962 we expect to have three times the exhibit space we have had in the past. Considerable administrative time and effort are required to initiate new projects and we just do not have the manpower for such a project at the present time. Many have advised us that technical sessions would be necessary in connection with a successful exhibit and we do not believe it would be proper for AIP to sponsor such technical meetings as this is the province of the Member Societies. The Secretary mentioned the London exhibit conducted by the Institute of Physics, which is a science museum type of activity, and said he would like to look into it further. Mr. Lindsay commented that this is a subject for the Advisory Committee on AIP Education Program to consider. The Executive Committee expressed approval of the staff's position.
The meeting adjourned for luncheon at 12:10 p.m. and reconvened at 12:30 p.m.
Apparatus Directory
Miss Lasky reported that there appears to be a demand for such a directory and the staff is giving it consideration. It is believed that such a directory would be both useful to physicists and profitable to AIP. It would contain physical descriptions and performance data along with company advertising. The Executive Committee indicated general approval of such an undertaking.
Mr. Brode suggested that there might be a market for a similar directory of employment opportunities.
Title Journal
Mr. Barton explained plans for a proposed journal containing titles of all articles in journals published by AIP. Speed would be important and it is believed the title journal could be distributed a week or two after the appearance of the journals. It would start with limited coverage of articles and letters in all AIP and translated journals and could be enlarged to include meeting abstracts, book reviews, etc., and could eventually include world-wide journals. According to preliminary plans it would consist of three parts; the first being a classified list with titles, the second an actual reproduction of tables of contents, and the third part would be an author index. The proposed journal would be a semi-monthly publication which we believe we could sell for $4.00 per year with a circulation of 10,000.
The Executive Committee expressed approval and authorized the staff to present a proposal to NSF for a grant to underwrite the study and subsidize production of a title journal for a period of three years.
AIP Directory
The Secretary reported that the Director had been interested in an all-physicists directory and he feels it could be produced relatively simply and revised frequently. The Secretary said it could be a simple one containing just names and addresses and could be supplemented by individual Society directories containing all the different types of information each one prefers. However, the Director envisions a directory which would replace the individual Member Society directories, but Society reaction to this has been mixed. We have not yet estimated the cost because we do not know what kind of information it would contain.
John T. Tate Award
The Secretary reported that letters sent to 363 people have resulted in 67 contributions to date amounting to $2,429, and we have four pledges adding $280, bringing the total to $2,709.00. Mr. Rohrer has promised a check from Lancaster Press for $1,000 (subsequently received) making a grant total of $3,709.00. The Institute has promised to match contributions which means there will be $7,418 in the fund toward our goal of $20,000.00. It was pointed out that the average contribution to date is about $40.00.
Building Plans
The Secretary recalled that he had previously our need for additional space. A possibility which had been discussed at that time was the Devoe & Reynolds building, located nearby. Our architect has examined it and reported it would not be suitable for our requirements and, furthermore, we have recently learned that the property is not for sale. The bank building on the northwest corner of 45th Street and United Nations Plaza is available and it adjoins our vacant lot but it is on leased ground which is not for sale. The Secretary said our best alternative appears to be expansion on the property we presently own and we have instructed our architect to prepare some plans on this basis, with cost estimates, for discussion at the time of our fall meetings.
Meeting of Committee of Society Secretaries and Treasurers
The Secretary reported that a meeting of the subject Committee was held on June 3 primarily for the purpose of describing details of our new punch card system for the Circulation and Accounting Departments. All Societies were represented although not all Committee members were present, and it appeared to be a very successful and worthwhile meeting. Dues billing arrangements for next year were agreed upon and we hope to have the new system in operation by the middle of October. The Secretary pointed out that the Institute is bearing the full cost of the changeover and surveys incident to it which amounts to about $30,000.00.
8. Corporate Associates
Status Report
Copies of a status report as of June 10 were distributed (copy attached) and there was a brief discussion of the conflicts which have arisen in the past between the Institute and Member Societies with respect to soliciting Corporate Associates. The Secretary said that, although there are very few cases where there is positive indication of conflict of interests, it is the policy of AIP to defer to the Member Societies whenever such a case does arise.
Election of New Corporate Associates
The Secretary reported that the following organizations had requested to become Corporate Associates of the Institute and, on motion duly made and carried, they were so elected:
- Caterpillar Tractor Co.
- Air Products, Inc.
- Motorola Semiconductor Products Division
- Carrier Corp. (for 1961)
Replace Convair and General Atomic with General Dynamics Corp.
Upon motion made, seconded and passed, Convair and General Atomic were dropped as Corporate Associates to be replaced by General Dynamics Corporation, the parent organization. Miss Lasky commented that we will realize larger dues from General Dynamics than we did from Convair and General Atomic combined.
9. Fall Meeting of Executive Committee, Governing Board and Corporate Associates
Mr. Barton reported that a meeting of the Advisory Committee on Corporate Associates was held recently and among the matters discussed was the theme for the next fall meeting of Corporate Associates, which will be combined with a meeting of the Board and Society officers on September 29 and 30, 1960, at Arden House. It was suggested that the morning session on Thursday, September 29, be devoted to a report of Institute activities and the afternoon session to a panel discussion on "Physics and Engineering in a Free Society" from the standpoint of industry, education and the public. Presentation of the second Karl T. Compton Gold Medal would be made late in the afternoon. Some suggested speakers were mentioned and more were proposed and noted.
Mr. Barton said Friday morning, September 30, would be reserved for an informal discussion meeting of AIP Board members and Society officers. The Governing Board and Executive Committee meetings would be held back at the Institute offices on Friday evening and Saturday, October 1, respectively.
Thursday evening at Arden House could be devoted to selecting and pointing up subjects for the general meeting on Friday morning. The Executive Committee approved of the proposed dates and program.
10. Appointments
Reappointment of Dwight E. Gray as AIP Representative to Office of Critical Tables of NRC for 3-Year Term to June 30, 1963
The Secretary reported that the above appointment was submitted to NRC and it was the consensus of the Committee that this appointment be approved.
Nomination to USNC of International Federation for Documentation
Upon motion made and passed, Elmer Hutchisson was appointed AIP representative to the US National Committee of the International Federation for Documentation (FID).
Change in Title for Henry A. Barton
The Secretary explained that Mr. Barton feels his title of Associate Director implies some line responsibility which he does not want to continue to assume and he has suggested that it be changed to Administrative Consultant. Also, he has requested two months' leave of absence without pay between now and the end of the year which must have the approval of the Executive Committee. Upon motion made, seconded and passed, both of the above proposals were approved.
11. Registry of Scientists by Federal Government (H.R. 11916)
Mr. Barton reported it has been brought to our attention that a bill requiring the licensing of all scientists and engineers who work for institutions having contracts with the Government is being considered. He asked whether the Institute should take a position on it but no action was proposed.
12. Recommendation for Salary Survey of Academic Physicists
Miss Lasky reported an exchange of correspondence between the Director and Leonard Schiff of Stanford who has proposed that AIP collect information on faculty salaries through a questionnaire directed to physics department heads of all or a sample of colleges. The Secretary said the Director is willing to do it but has some questions about the propriety of the undertaking. After brief discussion, the Executive Committee agreed that it was something AIP should not de and suggested there were other means available to Mr. Schiff to get the information he desires.
The meeting adjourned at 2:05 p.m.


text:
Legal Issues
Navigating the complicated maze of self-storage legal issues confounds many self-storage managers and owners. With laws and regulations in constant flux, keeping up-to-date with the legal issues surrounding a self-storage business is paramount to its survival. Today's self-storage managers and owners must deal with a number of legal challenges including lien sales and auctions, abandonment of goods and documents, changes in state legislation, tenant bankruptcy or death, collections, rental agreement validity, protection of tenant information, and the storage of boats, RVs and other vehicles. Operators must understand the lien-sale process and execute it correctly every time to avoid exposure to litigation. Self-storage associations are continually challenging dated city and state laws regarding lien sales, the notification process and other legal concerns to strengthen operator rights.
Illinois Self-Storage Operators May Have Dodged Service-Tax Bullet ... Again
January 7, 2011 Posted in News, Legal Issues, Management
Reducing a Self-Storage Operation's Legal and Insurance Risks: Simple Steps to Limit Liability Exposure
December 31, 2010 Posted in Articles, Legal Issues, Management
New Tax Law Favorable to Commercial Real Estate
December 30, 2010 Posted in News, Legal Issues, Real Estate
Court Seeks DNA Test of Man Arrested for Storing Weapons at N.Y. Self-Storage
December 29, 2010 Posted in News, Legal Issues, Management
Controlling Slip-and-Fall Liability: Tips for Self-Storage Facility Operators
December 29, 2010 Posted in Articles, Legal Issues, Management
Florida Self-Storage Operators Report Increase in Delinquent Tenants and Lien Sales
December 28, 2010 Posted in News, Legal Issues, Management
Self-Storage Unit of Pediatrician Arrested on Child-Sex Charges Goes to Auction
December 28, 2010 Posted in News, Legal Issues
Storage Wars: A Manager's Perspective on Reality TV's Depiction of Self-Storage Auctions
December 22, 2010 Posted in Blogs, Legal Issues, Management
Man Arrested in Connection With North York, Pa., Self-Storage Robbery
December 14, 2010 Posted in News, Legal Issues, Management
U.S. Supreme Court Will Not Hear N.Y. Self-Storage Eminent Domain Case
December 13, 2010 Posted in News, Legal Issues


text:
Jaime Hayon designed the yellow shoes he's wearing for Spanish brand Camper. The dining table is a special edition, available through Hayon's website.
Hayon and his wife, photographer Nienke Klunder, and their son, Tys, has filled his home with many of his own designs, including the Bardot sofa for Bernhardt Design and the 22 chair for Ceccotti and mint-colored armoire for Bisazza Bagno.
The couple snapped up a 2,600-square-foot late-18th-century flat, which they've since filled with vintage finds and Hayon's own designs and prototypes.
In keeping with Hayon's goal of creating a serene and airy home, the master bedroom and sticks to a mostly neutral palette of whites and grays. The bench by the bed is a custom piece designed by Hayon and Klunder and fabricated by their carpenter friend Josep Joffre.
The kitchen in the Valencia apartment.
Hayon and Klunder's nearby studio is an appealing place to work, with its high ceilings and historic cement tile floors.
Hayon and Klunder's kitchen is all white, down to the minimalist, lacquered Santos cabinets. When it comes to picking paint and fabric colors, Hayon advocates for grayed-out hues. "My recommendation is that even when you use bolder colors make sure they have a percentage of gray in them," he says. "If you use yellow, it should be yellow-gray. If a green is used it should be a green-gray."
In the gleaming, glam bathroom, "it was important to use different whites," says Hayon. "The dull Macael marble I used is warmer and easier to combine with white ceiling paint than stone from Carrara." Hayon's Josephine ceramic lamps, designed for Metalarte, are complemented by a matching warm gray Bisazza Bagno vanity, also by Hayon.bisazzabagno.itmetalarte.com
The best way to integrate different furniture styles is to treat "the space like a gallery and place objects according to their colors," Hayon says. He cautions against using too much natural wood furniture in a space with wood floors: "You need contrast." In his home, contrasting materials, small porcelain objects, and an occasional black form enliven a palette of light gray furniture.
The best way to showcase vintage hardware is to polish it lightly and paint door and window frames a pale white or gray, according to Hayon. Brass hardware also effectively accents mint-colored furniture like the Bisazza Bagno cabinet in the living room, a Hayon design from 2011.


text:
Frequency of Changing Oil & Fuel Filters
View Single Post
just ducky
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: NH
Posts: 1,307
Thanks: 7
Thanked 33 Times in 32 Posts
Rep Power:
Re: Frequency of Changing Oil & Fuel Filters
This is just getting crazy. Regular oil is pretty inexpensive even the "good" stuff. But if you want to use the synthetic and spend more money and then replace it less in order to SPEND THE SAME AMOUNT go ahead. Hey its' your engine!
When it comes to oil only 2 things can go wrong for you: 1 - you didn't have any in the engine, 2 - it went bad because you are stupid cheap
I'm also in the change the oil in the spring camp. I see no reason to allow good oil to sit in the engine all winter collecting water and then use it the next season. I doubt that the oil I put in at the beginning of season went "bad" in 6 months and less than 100 hours of operation.
Don't blow air up my rear, be useful and blow it at the sails!
To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 10 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
View Public Profile
Send a private message to Don0190
Find all posts by Don0190


text:
Cheap GDT to Palermo flights
Popular Flights from Cockburn Town, Turks and Caicos
Top Cockburn Town Flights to US Destinations
Top Cockburn Town International Destinations
Popular Flights from Palermo, Italy
Top Palermo Flights to US Destinations
Top Palermo International Destinations
GDT to PMO Route Map
Cockburn Town to Palermo Flights, Stats and Airplanes
Route information for flights from JAGS McCartney Intl. to Punta Raisi.
5,014.08 miles
PMO - Punta Raisi Airlines
Browse the most popular airlines servicing the Palermo (PMO) airport. Visit their flights pages to learn more about the most popular routes these carriers fly.


text:
We have added the following products to your shopping cart from a previous visit:
Professional Ratings: 90 The Wine Advocate
Region: Argentina, South America
Varietal: Malbec
Other Info: Screw Cap Wines
Style: Smooth & Supple
Item no. 98070
The wine has a beautiful reddish/purple color as most good Malbecs do. The aromas are a mix of fresh crushed cherries and toasty/smoky oak—just enough to frame the exuberant fruit. On the palate, the flavors of cherries and spice are obvious, and the jammy fruit quality just keeps coming on strong, with hints of spice lurking in the background. This is a wine that you'll want to buy by the case because it can be consumed at almost any occasion, whether at a fancy dinner party, or just curled up on the couch in front of a movie. Fun and delicious—what more can you ask for?!
The 2008 Malbec spent 8 months in first use French oak. Dark ruby-colored, it offers up an alluring bouquet of Asian spices, cassis, cedar, incense, and black cherry. Medium-bodied, savory, and elegant, this spicy Malbec will also provide pleasure over the next 4 years.


text:
1. Take a bowl, into it add ground/crushed fenugreek seeds, red chili powder, paprika, salt, turmeric powder, asafoetida and mix well.
2. In a small pan, heat about 3 tablespoons of oil and add 2 dry whole red chilies. When they are browned slightly, add the chilies along with the oil to the mixed pickle masala. And stir well.
3. Add the cut raw mango pieces to it and mix to combine well. Store this mixture in an air tight container for about 24 hours.
4. After 24 hours add more oil and the pickle is ready to serve.
5. Serve the pickle as a condiment with your choice of Indian dishes.
If required to store the pickle for a long period of time then refrigerate it for freshness.


text:
- Price: $47.00
- Exclusive Price: $1470.00
Valentine Gifts Joomla Template 18302
Joomla 1.5 Template that was composed by our webmaster artist Cowboy.
This demo will open in a new window.
Please make sure you have disabled popup blockers!
Click Here to start the live demo
Description, Sources, Software & Requirements
Valentines day site template with a monotone red color scheme. The background is deep dark red with white and light red text. There is a heart filled banner on top with white logo text you can customize. There are two columns with red and white text along with photos of your sweethearts. Valentine Gifts Joomla Template 18302 is available in the following sources: .PSD, and .PHP. Software required includes Winzip 9+ (Windows) or Stuffit Expander 10+ (Mac) for uncompressing .zip files, Adobe Photoshop CS+, Adobe Dreamweaver 8+ (or any php-editor), Joomla! 1.5.0, and Joomla! 1.5.x. It has had a total of total of 5 downloads since it first appeared.


text:
June 23-25 2015 | Boston, USA
RNA-Seq Boston 2015 will enable scientists to overcome the data bottleneck by applying the most appropriate bioinformatics tools and develop a unified, integrated approach for analysis and interpretation of huge data sets, which in turn can positively impact therapeutic and clinical developments.
This is an opportunity for you to collaborate with other bio-informaticians and biologists to better understand the tools being applied to optimize RNA-Seq data analysis and the application of RNA-Seq in basic research, drug discovery and development… More>
"Some of the brightest minds and industry leaders in genomics for a series of illuminating seminars and beneficial meetings." Bina Technologies


text:
Emmanuel Adebayor's future at Arsenal remains clouded.
The Guardian says the forward refused to guarantee he would stay with Arsenal during discussions with his manager, Arsene Wenger, yesterday.
The Togo international did not ask for a transfer but, having been told by Wenger that Arsenal will not stretch their wage structure to keep him - he currently earns £35,000 a week and is believed to want closer to three times that to remain at the London club - Adebayor did not commit his future to the Gunners either.
Further discussions will now be held during Arsenal's tour of Hungary and Austria. The bulk of the squad, including Adebayor, flew out yesterday to face the Hungarian side Szombathelyi Haladas this evening and Burgenland, of Austria, on Monday.


text:
Category: Amateur black and ebony french
She don t like sex but loves the
Category: T like sex but loves the $$$
Amateur wife gets black dick punishment
Category: Homemade Extreme Interracial
Private amateur teen sex
Category: Homemade Teenager Orgasm
That pussy is wet
Category: Black Homemade Amatuer
Virgin teen loses her cherry on tape
Category: Teenager Homemade Amateur
V nasty-you already know me (xxx video)
Category: Amateur blowjobs interracial
Category: Homemade Groupsex Black
Cure wife and black lovers
Category: Interracial swingers
Horny Sex Video
Category: Blondes blowjobs cumshots
Vanessa is a lovely nineteen years old gir
Category: Sclip Lexsteele Com
Eighteen year old ebony girl fucked
Category: Black Teens Young
Stacy adams anal scene
Category: Black
Sweet Black Slut Loves White Rod In Shaved Cunt
Stacy adams needs a full service
Category: Big Tits Black
Isis beautiful ebony assfucked by sextoys
Category: Amateur 5xbe French
Hot milf or wife having a bathroom quickie
Category: Milf Wife Mom
Milf doggystyle rammed on the floor
Category: Sclip Anilos Com
Teen sex street
Category: Homemade Teenager Outdoors
Marcy s first black guy
Category: S first black guy
Teen girl in black bra
Category: Teens tits webcams
Japanese orgy
Category: Asian group sex japanese
Sweet amateur girl having sex
Category: Homemade Couple Fuck
Compilation of massive cumshots
Category: Comp Compilation Fuck
Ich schiebe mir den dicken langen dildo in den arsch
Category: Sex toys
Stripper gets his bindle sucked
Category: Sclip Party Group
White perv makes afro hotty moan like a bitch at the beach
Category: Ebony Black Interracial
When helping the homeless crosses the line
Category: Suck Blowjob Black
Blonde victim tied and gets fucked in the mouth by gang be
Category: Public Group Gang
Four slave heads are better than one
Category: Kinky Kink Bdsm
Making her orgasm
Category: Homemade Big Cock
Horny White Housewife Craves Big Black Cock
Black Bitch Loves To Fuck Her Black Pussy.
She squirts like a hose
Category: Orgasm Squirting Dildo
Sex and zen
Category: Sex And Zen
Ebony fetish deepthroat
Category: Black Kinky Blow
Private Amateur Teenager Sex Homevideos
Category: Close-ups teens
Monster cock getting a physical
Category: Doctor Hung 13
If you hate bondage dont look here
Category: Bondage Bdsm Fetish
Kinky wife enjoys her first black guy
Category: Homemade Cum Creampie
Wild blonde gets her holes fucked hard
Category: Gggsexbox Johnthompson German
Kelli tyler and a big black cock
Category: Brunette Hot Black
Older Asian Housewife Gets Ass Drilled By Huge Black Shaft
Black Bitch Likes To Take A Cock In Her Pussy And Ass
Lovely Asian Babe Enjoying Sex And Fucked At Home
Monster black cock interracial
Category: Sclip Wcpass Pornstar
Awesom Lava Lamp Use
Category: Amateur masturbation sex toys
Stacy adams has some big tits
Category: Black Busty Big
Horny Black Babe Strips And Gets Fucked In Her Oily Ass
Two Girls Get Massive Black Cock Deep In Their Asses
Hot ebony babe rides a huge brown dildo
Category: Ebony Black Dildo
A naked mile
Category: Naked Mile Funny
Two sexy brunettes play together
Category: Brunettes lesbians sex toys
I love her nipples
Category: Fetish360 Fetish Bondage
Black Chick In White Stockings Is Having Sex On The Couch
Category: Amateur sex toys squirting
Best of Anal
Category: Anal black and ebony
Pussy so good hes late to work
Category: Amateur black and ebony
German sex
Category: Group sex vintage german
Porsha carrera
Category: Black and ebony
Pussy swollen
Category: Group sex hardcore sex toys
Fuck machine masturbation
Category: Bdsm masturbation sex toys
Housewife Gets Treated To A Huge Black Shlong
Husband lets his wife go black if he can film her
Category: Interracial Blonde Cuckold
Busty whore tied like a hog is first fucked with fucking machine
Horny Granny Calls Up Her Boy Toy For Some Sex
Awesome 3Some
Category: Big boobs group sex
Hot Ebony Couple
Hot And Horny Babe Enjoys A Nice Toy Dildo Sex
Massive orgasm
Category: Orgasm Drunk Female
Premature like a boss
Category: Homemade Black Amateur
Category: Black and ebony interracial
Hot amateur couple tapes their sex
Category: Homemade Couple Brunettes
Latina slut sucking black cock
Category: Latina Blowjob Interracial
Category: Bdsm blowjobs sex toys
I tape sex with my girlfriend
Category: Amateur Homemade Ass
Simple sex pleasures
Category: Sclip Pornfilms3d Com
Stacy adams blue
Category: Busty Black
Black Girls Like White Dick In Their Pussies After All
Couple having sex on the couch
Category: Pussylicking Face Fuck
Carmen electra
Category: Homemade Creampie Mom
Hot krista allen sex scenes
Category: Romantic Softcore Kissing
Getting A Nice Blowjob At The Party
Category: Anal blowjobs group sex
Hot milf shows her pussy masturbate
Category: German milfs sex toys
Amateur teen couple great sex
Category: Homemade Couple Webcam
Girl gets punished by a huge black cock
Category: Big Cock Dick
Having a black baby
Category: Kinky Pregnant Taboo
Dances and incendiary sex at home
Category: Amateur brunettes pov
Sweet amateur teen sucks big cock
Category: Brunette Babe Teen
Geile sau angewichst
Category: Facials group sex teens
The Boy And A Girl Having Sex In Stair Case
Lesbian Fetish Mutual Masturbation
Category: Bdsm lesbians sex toys
Stacy Adams Interracial Scene
Category: Black and ebony hardcore interracial
Supathroat tight pussssy get fucked creamy pusssy
Category: Camel Toe Black
Gigantic cock rips skinny bitch
Category: Blonde Skinny Tight
Electroshock therapy for sex addiction
Category: Ass Fuck Bdsm
Brunette having sex
Category: Orgasm Facial Cumshots
Amateur african adventure
Category: Black Ebony Shower
Classic Sex Scene With Cock Craving Horny Sluts
Gia Paloma And Her Friend Having Sex In The Outdoors
Black Beauty Teen Girls With Solid Body Rides A White Dick
Ebony gf gets fucked by horny black guy
Category: Ebony Black Couple
Horny black mature
Category: Horny Black Mature
Hot ebony girl sucks a cock like a pro
Category: Black Ebony Teen
Beautiful All Natural Babe Having Sex On The Floor
Stacy adams ass fucked
Category: Booty Butt Black
See inside the vagina during sex
Category: Cumshot Orgasm Point
Secret sex with my best friends mom
Category: Big Tits Mature
Porsche carrera and angel cummings threesome
Category: Black Blow Job
Getting down on the floor
Category: Amateur black and ebony matures
Large blonde mom and a small black guy
Category: Amateur black and ebony handjobs
Couples Are Enjoying Group Sex And Fucking Each Other
Sexy Housewife In Tight Black Dress Loves Cock
Amateur teen sex with the teacher
Category: Homemade Babes Teenager
Mora and black cock
Category: Interracial
Stacy adams sucking cock and getting her tear drop tits with oil
Category: Sclip Chocolate Milk
Sexy sex
Category: Anal Sex
Category: Big boobs black and ebony tits
Vintage Sex With A Wet Hole And A Big Pole To Stretch It
They Planed To Have Sex In The Night To Get More Emotional
Hot Lesbians Even Enjoying Sex At Their Old Stage
THE BEST! pt1
Category: Anal black and ebony interracial
Pool Side Tranny Action With Black Dude
Black cum belongs in her asshole
Category: Creampie Anal Orgy
Playing with a chubby old sex kitten
Category: Mature Chubby Stockings
Hot teen seducing
Category: Teenager Babes Skinny
Heftig in den arsch gefickt
Category: Anal black and ebony gaping
Blonde gets certified in sex
Category: Babes blondes hardcore
Sexy Brunette And Blonde Enjoy Steamy Anal Sex
Sweet And Horny Black Babe Enjoying Hardcore Sex
Sex on the beach
Category: Homemade
Celeb sex video.flv
Hot Amateur Teens Have Wild Sex Party At Home
Hot black girl sucks and fucks on bed
Sweden afternoon
Category: Amateur group sex swedish
Girlfriend in hot skirt
Category: Sclip Teensexcouple Com
Hot ebony teen handling a cock
Category: Sclip Hood18 Com
She loves black meat
Category: Bbw With Bbc
Two Mature Ladies Use Sex Toys To Please Each Other
Asian housewife fucked on the road
Category: Homemade Mom Mother
After A Nice Night Out This Couple Have Sex
Horny Pornstar Having Sex Outdoors And Having Fun
Teen couple nice sex
Category: Teenager Couple Teens
69 done the right way
Category: Anal blowjobs sex toys
Chubby busty asian goes black
Category: Tattoo Lingerie Stockings
Eve angel sex solo
Category: Babes Big Tits
Mein Ei und ich
Category: German masturbation sex toys
Teen getting her tight sweet pussy
Category: Babe Teen Blowjob
Two guys fucks black horny teen
Category: Hclip Hood18 Com
Naughty lovers outdoors night sex
Category: Japanese Voyeur Asian
Stacy Adams Boobaholics
Category: Big boobs black and ebony interracial
Hot ebony babe toying her sexy ass
Category: Ebony Black Toy
Real amateur college babes suck cock in sex game in reality sexpa
Category: Coed Coeds College
Cute japanese girl fucking hard saki ninomiya
Category: Asian Japan Sex
Stacy adams
Fat on black
Category: Amateur interracial matures
Schoko Maus mit riesen Titten in der Badewanne gehaemmert,big tits,black,white guy,german
Category: Black and ebony big boobs tits
Two mistresses play nasty sex game with their puppy boy
Category: Kinky Bdsm Domination
There s head, then there s army strong head
Category: S head then there'
Married blond brings home black lover
Category: Homemade Cuckold Hotwife
Chubby babe black dress
Category: Fat Large Ladies
A Black Beauty And Her Sexy Black Pussy Sucking Black Cock
Her husband let her try a black monster
Category: Amateur Couple Homemade
Hidden Camera Bathing Scene Of Black Lady
He films his redheaded wife taking big black cock
Category: Black Mom Mother
Lesbian Love
Category: Hardcore lesbians sex toys
Wife having a huge orgasm off a black cock
Category: Amateur cuckold interracial
Kitchen sex with my busty teenager
Category: Teen Sexy Russian
Hotel Meeting For Swinger Couple
Category: Amateur black and ebony swingers
Enjoying Sex With Wife
Chanel exposed. street hood world
Category: Homemade Black Extreme
Horny Old Granny Pays For Her Service With Sex
Ebony Pebbles
Category: Black and ebony facials hairy
Kelli tyler wants the black cock
Category: Brunette Hot Sexy
Brunettes first big black cock
Category: Busty Boobs Big
Sucking a monster black cock and fucked hard
Category: Big Cock Monster
Fisting and pussy pump
Category: Fingering masturbation sex toys
White Amateurs Get Boss Dick From Big Dicked Blacks
Shania twain stolen home sex tape
Category: Amateur celebrities
Guy tapes his girlfriend with a black man
Category: Interracial
Brunette Having A Great Sex With One Dude
Mature orgy
Category: Group sex matures stockings
Black bull fucks japanese wife
Category: Homemade First Time
Polish secretary in black stockings fucked
Category: Hardcore Secretary Polish
Videosexarchive.com is a global porn search engine, we index and provide our visitors the most convenient way to search the best porn videos ever posted on the Internet. Videosexarchive.com has a zero-tolerance policy against illegal porn. Videosexarchive.com does not host any videos on its servers. All porn pictures and porn videos are provided by third party tube sites, and we have no control over the content on these sites. Also, we take no responsibility for the content on any website which we link to.


text:
A beautiful logo mark that creates a sense of perspective by fading colours.Posted in Branding → Logo
A unique logo concept for a boutique consulting agency.Samadara GinigePosted in Branding → Logo
A smart and concise logo for a company selling in-ear headphones. I really like the simplicity of the logo mark.Posted in Branding → Logo
An intriguing logo design variation on the BoldMedia branding. I love the use of colours and the way the symmetry creates an instantly recognisable mark,.Posted in Branding → Logo
A creative concept for a logo design that has the word logo contained within the mark.Posted in Branding → Logo
An interesting logo design that builds on a strong concept for a music production company.Posted in Branding → Logo
Strictly geometric Logo for the Design Bureau iNKMYDAY!, mainly focusing on new media and visual identities.Lucas HölzenbeinPosted in Branding → Logo
A fascinating type treatment, I'd be intrigued to see a whole typeface.Posted in Branding → Logo
Typographic logo design which makes you feel sweet while it says sweet.Samadara GinigePosted in Branding → Logo
An interesting concept for bringing 2 and 4 into a unified logo mark. The white on red is a stark and effective contrast.Posted in Branding → Logo
An interesting logo with a hidden "1" because the organization wants to inspire people to give 1% of their income to charities.Posted in Branding → Logo
A superb monogram inspired by a vintage car logo from the 20th century.Posted in Branding → Logo
A superb logo for the huge online cooking recipes network. A simple but perfectly executed concept.Posted in Branding → Logo
A concise and striking logo that uses suggested symmetry extremely well.Posted in Branding → Logo
A stunning logo that is defined by its beautiful typography.Posted in Branding → Logo
A beautifully simple logo that makes an immediate impact.Posted in Branding → Logo
A simply superb logo that oozes simplicity, but takes it to the next level with the inclusion of a hidden stethoscope.Posted in Branding → Logo
An extremely striking logo design that uses shadow and perspective to make a simple idea work.Posted in Branding → Logo
A solid business card design that makes an immediate impact. I particularly like the use of two strong colours, black and red, and the minimal use of text.Posted in Branding → Business Cards
Flipflop Design were asked to create a new brand identity and package design which was imminently identifiable as hot pepper sauce at first glance. Flipflop came up with the hard hitting brand name 911 to communicate the seriousness of the heat within. The strap line "One drop does it" coupled with the burnt out font reinforces the brand. The logo design created using chilli peppers is eye catching and a perfect encapsulation of the product.Lee SaxelbyPosted in Branding → Product


text:
Street Art 2008 Graffiti, Murals & Stencils Miami
by Photography & Layout by Willy Gomez Graffiti Artists: Varied
A Book on Graffitti in Miami. The photographs are all from 2008 and many are no long there. A follow-up edition is in process for 2009.
Comment posted.
Sign in or create an account to post a comment.
Start your own book today from US $3.99.
Get Started
Blurb Sites


text:
Waterfronts: Klatt wins three races, VYC defends title
Perfect sailing conditions made for an awesome weekend as 31 boats competed in the Santa Barbara Channel Challenge and Ventura Cup.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Ready to subscribe to the Ventura County Star? Choose between a Premium or Digital subscription below.
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
Inter Milan defender Cristian Chivu has received offers from across Europe.
The 31-year-old defender is out of contract in the summer which would enable him to move to a new club on a Bosman free transfer.
"We met with Inter last week and we were offered a renewal," agent Victor Becali said. "We discussed a two-year contract, with the option for a third.
"We have been contacted by other clubs and there are offers for Cristian from France, Germany and Spain too.
"Therefore, if we don't reach an agreement with Inter then we will know who to turn to as there is interest.
"We'll give Inter a clear and precise answer in two weeks."


text:
© 2014 (Cliff Burns) All Rights Reserved
Posted in Literature, love and marriage, personal, Poetry, Reading, tagged anniversary, marriage, Poetry, wedding on July 28, 2014 | Leave a Comment »
for Sherron
no evidence of tampering
so it's your fingers
that finally suss out the complicated locks
admitting you to the last chamber
none have progressed as far
only one set of dusty footprints leading in
and it's you who first catches sight of me
sliding back the heavy lid, my coverlet
July 28, 2014
Posted in film, film reviews, independent publisher, independent writer, indie writer, love, movie, movie review, personal, writer, writing, writing life, tagged "A Field in England", Alain Badiou, Andre Gorz, Mother's Day, mothers, movie review, romantic love, sisters, tribute to women, wise women on May 9, 2014 | Leave a Comment »
I checked the interval since my last post and actually winced, a physical manifestation of my shame.
I must redouble my efforts at keeping this blog up to date. Maintaining contact with my fellow human beings. Not that my life is full of incident—that's part of the problem, I'm hard-pressed to come up with anything more interesting than Sat at desk, stared off into space, played shoegaze music until inspired to scribble a few words…
Writing that over and over again, like Jack Torrance in The Shining.
I've said it before but I'll repeat it for the sake of added emphasis: I have no life.
I did manage a trip in to Saskatoon to see a completely whacked film called "A Field in England", posting about it over at my film blog.
Reading lots. Music constantly thundering away in my office.
And…reflecting…yes, rather a lot of reflecting.
Think I'm still in the process of adjusting to our sons moving out, suffering a bit from "empty nest syndrome". Occasional bouts of loneliness and melancholia. This house seems awfully bloody empty some days. Feels like I'm transitioning into a new phase in my life, a fifty-something guy whose kids are no longer underfoot, suddenly free of many (not all) of the demands of parenthood. My role, my identity, has undergone a massive change in the past few months and it's going to take awhile, I think, before I feel comfortable in my skin again.
Will close off with something for the mothers out there—after all, it's your special day coming up on Sunday.
In his book In Praise of Love, Alain Badiou quotes from a letter philosopher Andre Gorz wrote to his wife, Dorine. It's one of the most beautiful statements on romantic love I've yet encountered, a paean to devotion and eternal, unbreakable bonds:
"You'll soon be eighty-two. You have shrunk six centimeters, you only weigh forty-five kilos yet you are as beautiful, gracious and desirable as ever. We have now lived together for fifty-eight years and I love you more than ever. In the hollow of my chest I can feel again that ravaging emptiness that can only be filled by the warmth of your body against mine."
Thank you to our wives and mothers, the wise women and brave sisters who give us life and protect us from the worst aspects of ourselves.
We celebrate and salute you.


text:
- Speaker topics
- Email marketing speaker
- Marketing automation speaker
- B2B Marketing Masterclass
- Most social media speakers are not like Michael Leander, here is why
- Trends and changes marketing speaker and keynote speaker
- Direct Marketing Workshop speaker & trainer Michael Leander: Keynotes, Seminars and Training
- Incompany training marketing and digital transformation training
- Bio
- Speaker Testimonials
- Speaking here
- Contact
- Newsletter
- The Mind-Box Blog
Rory Sutherland TED talk: Life lessons from an ad man
Share this now – press any of the buttons below
Rory Sutherland of Ogilvy gave this hilarious and insightful talk "Life lessons from an ad man" at TED Global. A highly popular figure in the advertising industry, Rory Sutherland is also on the faculty of Drayton Bird's European Academy of Direct & Interactive Marketing.
Watch the video below. And see if the recorded interview where I speak with Rory Sutherland about this and that is still live here. Oh, and you definitely want to have a peek at Rory's new book "The Wikiman". Fascinating what goes on in his mind.
-> Go to Markedu to see if you can find an event that has to do with marketing
-> Follow Michael Leander on Twitter
-> Learn more about Rory Sutherland right here
Share this now – press any of the buttons below
Related Posts
Sample the wonderful mind of ad man Rory Sutherland, Vice Chairman of Ogilvy UK
Michael Leander talked to Ogilvy vice chairman Rory Sutherland. Watch this interview nowRead story
European Academy of Direct & Interactive Marketing #4 – a treat!
Nothing pleases a speaker / trainer more than repetition. And I am particularly fond of coming back to take part in EADIM (European Academy of Direct & Interactive Marketing). My fourth year there was no exception. Drayton Bird's EADIM took place for the fourth time this year. After the inaugural event in Brussels, the academy […]Read story
Pingback: My Homepage()