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A system and method for analyzing 3D captured image data of scanned surfaces to locate object of interest, such as solder balls. A 3D model is created of an object of interest, the 3D model including weighted "don't care" areas where a match is not required. The 3D models which are used include geometric shapes, including a frustum, and models created from actual 3D image data of real objects. The 3D captured image data is processed to locate objects matching the 3D models, including processing by normalized correlation. Once the objects are located, the system selects data points within the 3D captured image data that are a predetermined distance away from the located objects. These data points are analyzed to determine a surface plane which fits the selected data points, thereby locating the surface in the 3D capture image data.
1. In a system for analyzing three dimensional image data obtained by a three dimensional imaging system, a method for locating objects of interest in said three dimensional image data comprising:
defining a three dimensional spatial model of at least one object of interest, said three dimensional spatial model having three spatial coordinates and modeling said three dimensional size and shape of said at least one object of interest;
comparing said three dimensional spatial model to said three dimensional image data using normalized correlation;
providing an indication if said three dimensional spatial model matches part of said three dimensional image data.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
determining a location of each matched object of interest in said 3D image data;
for each location, selecting data in said 3D image data that is a predetermined distance away from said location of said matched objects of interest in said 3D image data; and
processing said selected data to determine a surface plane which substantially includes all of said selected data.
6. The method of
7. The method of
upon providing an indication that said 3D model substantially matches part of said 3D image data, determining a location of said object of interest.
8. The method of
9. The method of
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/000,583 entitled "Machine Vision Method Using Search Models to Find Features In Three-Dimensional Images". Dec. 30, 1997 U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,070.
The present invention relates to locating and inspecting features on an object, and more particularly to automatically locating and inspecting features on electronic components.
Machine vision systems are frequently used in contexts that require the system to capture a two dimensional image of a physical object and locate within that image some aspects or features that are to be analyzed, such as to determine the position of the features, inspect the integrity of the feature, or effect alignment or a particular orientation of the physical object based on the features found.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,763 ("the '763 patent") describes a method and apparatus for automatically locating the center of a ball bond, in a digitized two dimensional binary or grey-scale image of the ball bond formed on a bonded semiconductor pad. The '763 patent works with a two-dimensional grey-scale image representation, and constructs a flattened synthetic cone-shaped model which is used to produce a two-dimensional grey-scale image model. The grey-scale image model is used for a normalized correlation search in the area of the image at the nominal or expected location of the ball bond. The normalized correlation search, which is well known in the art, measures the similarity between a captured image of the ball bond and the synthetic grey-scale image model independent of linear differences in the image or model brightness. That is, the normalized correlation search effects a template matching, scanning the captured input image for a match to the synthetic image model to determine how closely the model matches, i.e. correlates to, the found object, with a high degree of tolerance for optical issues such as poor focus and poor lighting. The search results yield a correlation coefficient indicating the extent to which the image matches the model, and an X, Y location in the image indicating the center of the found matching object.
Disadvantageously, the '763 patent uses a two-dimensional grey-level image data set both as input and for the image model, which limits the inspection process to inspection of the desired feature only in terms of visually discernable artifacts as viewed by reflected light. Features that have a height or depth, i.e. a third dimension, are impossible to inspect with the disclosed process. The '763 patent can not discern any surface features other than by differing reflectance of light off the surface of the device. Any measurements and inspection based on spatial characteristics, such as volume, are impossible. In short, the method and apparatus disclosed in the '763 patent has no utility in three dimensional inspection applications.
Methods have been proposed for using machine vision systems to determine characteristics of three dimensional objects in a single pass. One proposed method implements a machine vision process that interprets "height images" to provide information that permits three-dimensional objects, such as solder bumps, to be distinguished from two-dimensional objects, such as solder pads. Spatial characteristics of a selected object in a "height image", that has pixel values representative of heights of corresponding portions of the selected object, are determined by a process that first determines a height for each of a plurality of portions of the object. A volume of the object above a selected height, i.e. threshold, is determined by summing a count representing the cross-sectional area of the object at the selected height and a count representing the volume at each of the plurality of portions of the object above the selected height.
This proposed methodology for determining the volume of an object as a function of three-dimensional (i.e. height) data effectively determines a center of mass of the object above the particular threshold (i.e. selected height). The methodology sets a threshold with respect to a particular base height of an object, uses vision tools that effect a contour plot or connectivity of points in the image to identify the object, and then merely looks for groups of points above the base height of the two-dimensional contour.
Such an implementation is of questionable accuracy when there is any tilt of the plane above which the base height is defined, or when the base height is indeterminate. The threshold height is constant and does not accommodate tilting of the plane on which the objects are positioned, so that volumes that appear below the base height as a result of tilt will not be determined. When the base plane height is indeterminate, volumes that appear below the incorrectly assumed base height will not be determined. The previous methodology does not process the three-dimensional data set in a manner that considers asymmetry of the object(s) in that the vision tools used yield only information relating to the center of mass of the object above the threshold. It does not take advantage or use all the information in the three-dimensional data set input in that information below the base height is effectively ignored. This disadvantageously leads to less accurate inspection of three dimensional objects.
This previous methodology is also more susceptible to inaccuracies and errors resulting from noise spikes in that it relies heavily on information associated with areas of the object that are most noisy. Inspection of an object in three dimensions inherently involves significant amounts of noise in the captured image data, due to the manner in which 3D data is ascertained and typically resulting from issues associated with optics and lighting in real world conditions. Furthermore, many 3D sensors and image acquisition devices produce merit scores (x,y) for each z(x,y) measurement, and the previous methodology ignores such merit scores. For example, reflections and shading on the sides of objects may show up in the height image data set as noise spikes (with low merit scores). In merely establishing a threshold above which groups are analyzed, according to this prior method, there is no mechanism for tolerating and/or discounting noise spikes that exceed the selected base threshold. Accordingly, this prior method is relatively slow and inaccurate.
The present invention provides a robust method and apparatus for inspecting three-dimensional objects, represented as a captured three-dimensional image data set, via a normalized correlation search implementation which considers asymmetry of the object(s) and accommodates for tilt in the plane in which the objects are disposed.
According to the invention, a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of an object of interest, such as a solder ball, is constructed in a manner that facilitates discounting of areas of the object that are highly susceptible to noise. The 3D synthetic model is subjected to a mask that is derived in order to discount high noise areas as a function of the shape of the object of interest and the context of the object inspection, to provide a masked 3D model. The masked 3D model and a captured 3D image data set of the object of interest are processed via normalized correlation processing to provide an indication of location of the object of interest in the captured 3D image and a correlation coefficient indicative of the degree to which a found object of interest correlates to the synthesized 3D model.
In further accord with the invention, points proximate to the object of interest are sampled and a common two dimensional plane, surface or contour is fit on which the points lie in the 3D image data set. Accordingly, a location of a surface in the 3D captured image upon which the object of interest lies is determined and can be used for further inspection and/or processing, for instance to ascertain planarity of the surface, to inspect the condition of the surface or the like.
Features of the invention include provision of a location and inspection implementation for 3D captured image data that uses an optimized synthesized 3D model to enhance the speed of processing and the accuracy of the inspection process. 3D captured image data sets are processed according to an inspection methodology that is relatively insensitive to noise as noise/error prone areas in the model are discounted and/or completely masked. Area based measurement or correlation provides a robust inspection that utilizes greater amounts of the information in the captured 3D data set, yet does not rely on areas that are likely to contain noise.
Other features of the invention include the ability to handle and process image data when the base plane height is not known beforehand. Further, bumps or other objects in the data can be classified or ranked by qualities such as "bumpiness", rather than by area or volume. The invention also allows local neighborhood matching, instead of requiring analysis of the entire image. This feature means that bumps can be located even if there are multiple levels of bases on the object, instead of a single common ground plane. A plane/quadric does not need to be fitted to the entire surface, plane/quadrics can be locally fitted to areas around each bump, group of bumps, or object of interest. Other aspects of the invention include the ability to utilize merit scores provided by the 3D sensor.
This method also includes a method to compute height, volume and center of mass measurements by using the height differences between the measured height and the fitted ground plane and/or the merit scores at each pixel.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 depicts an illustrative system for obtaining image data for practicing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram generally depicting how weighted 3D Synthetic Models are compared with 3D Captured Image Data to locate and analyze objects of interest in the 3D Captured Image Data according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of a synthesized model of an object of interest according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of a different synthesized model of an object of interest according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view of a model of an actual object of interest according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows sample data for use as a correlation model for one embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 7 shows sample data for correlation weights corresponding to the sample data shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a view of an object surface for image analysis showing how surface points are selected according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view of an object surface showing how surface data points are used for object analysis in accord with the present invention; and
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing steps performed according to the present invention.
The present invention for locating and inspecting objects on the surface of a device using 3D (three dimensional) data is illustratively implemented in the context of electronic component handling systems. In fabricating electronic assemblies, surface mountable components, such as ball grid array (BGA) devices, must be inspected for proper uniformity and quality of the surface objects, such as solder balls. The solder balls on the BGA device constitute terminals which are accurately positioned on corresponding pads on a printed circuit board (PCB). Heat is then applied to the PCB to cause the solder balls on the BGA devices to melt and form electrical connections. Non-uniform, e.g. malformed or missing, solder balls will present problems in the manufacture of electronic sub-assemblies. Accordingly, it is desirable to effect inspection of such devices prior to or during the manufacturing process.
A system for obtaining 3D data for object inspection is generally illustrated in FIG. 1. The devices for inspection 20 which include objects 21 are positioned to be inspected by an image acquisition device 24, such as a 3D camera or a confocal microscope. The inspection device 20 can be positioned for example by a robotic manipulator arm 22, which picks up the inspection device 20 from a surface 25. Alternatively, the image acquisition device 24 may be aimed down towards an inspection device 20 positioned on a horizontal surface (not shown). The horizontal surface includes a conveyor belt which moves the inspection devices 20 under the image acquisition device 24 for inspection. Alternatively the image acquisition device 24 may move while the inspection devices 20 are stationary.
The image acquisition device 24 images the surface of the inspection device 20 and produces 3D image data, which is distinct from 2D grey scale image data. The image acquisition device 24 can use any of various technique to scan and produce the image data, including Ultrasonic, Infrared, light interferometer, and other non-contact and contact methods. In this illustrative embodiment the image acquisition device 24 is a NewView 200 3D Imaging Surface Structure analyzer produced by Zygo Inc. of Middlefield, Conn. The NewView 200 is a scanning White Light Interferometer capable of examining surface details down to 0.1 nanometer height resolution, and producing a 3D image data set ("image data") for processing according to the invention. The NewView 200 includes a built-in light source, and requires no external lighting for scanning.
The image data 26 is stored in a storage memory 28, including temporary storage such as RAM or a more permanent storage 29 including magnetic or optical disks, or magnetic tape. The image data 26 is preferably in the form of a two-dimensional array of data points indicating surface height at each data point in the array. Surface height is the height above a certain reference point, or alternatively, the distance from the object to the image acquisition device 24. The image data 26 can also include merit scores for each data point indicating a "confidence" in the accuracy of the corresponding data point, as provided by the image acquisition device 24.
The image data 26 is analyzed by an image analyzer 30, which in this illustrative embodiment is any computer system capable of analyzing data, including microprocessor based personal computers, specialized array parallel processors and SIMD (single instruction, multi-data) systems.
The general system and method of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. A predefined synthetic model 32 is generated, which is generally similar in shape to the objects of interest 21 to be located in the 3D captured image data 26. This predefined synthetic model 32 is then further processed and analyzed to include weighted areas of interest, such as areas of the predefined synthetic model 32 which are considered "don't care", in that those areas will be disregarded when compared to 3D captured image data 26.
At run time, the 3D captured image data 26 is searched for the predefined synthetic model 32 102, using comparison techniques including normalized correlation, as shown by label 104. The result of this comparison is location data 106 indicating the location of the object(s) 21 in the 3D captured image data 26. This location data 106 may be in an appropriate form, including X, Y and Z location; X and Y location; indexes into the 3D captured image data; etc. The location data may be the center of the object 21, or a border surrounding the object 21. Further other data may be returned, including one or more normalized correlation coefficients indicating the accuracy of the match. This location data 106 is then output to a user, or used for further processing, which includes analysis of the objects of interest 21.
Additional processing according to one embodiment of the present invention includes determining a surface plane of the inspection object 20 in the 3D captured image data 26. This is performed by selecting points to sample around the objects of interest 21, as shown by label 108. The points are sampled from the 3D captured image data 26, and a plane or other surface shape is determined based on calculations with those sample points, as shown by label 110. The result is data indicating a 2D surface plane location 112 in the 3D captured image data 26. As an example, in a system for analyzing solder balls on a BGA, the objects of interest 21 will be the solder balls, as determined by analyzing the 3D captured image data 26, and the 2D surface plane location 112 is the surface of the BGA (inspection device 20), which may be at some angle or positioning other than perfectly flat.
The creation and processing of a predefined synthetic model 32 based on the expected shape of the object of interest 21 will now be discussed, with reference to FIG. 3. Alternative predefined synthetic models are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and will be discussed below. The illustrative predefined synthetic model 32FIG. 3 is a truncated cone structure (frustum) which generally resembles the object of interest 21, such as solder balls. The predefined synthetic model 32 is similar in three dimensional size and shape of the expected solder balls.
The predefined synthetic model 32 includes an upper surface 38 which is uniformly flat when viewed by the image acquisition device 24, as shown by arrows 36. For purposes of explanation, the X and Y axes (length and width) are shown in FIG. 3B, and the Z axis (height) is shown in FIG. 3A. The predefined synthetic model 32 also includes a lower surface 39, which is defined to be flush with a surface 34. The surface 34 is the surface that the object of interest 21 projects above (in the Z axis). The upper surface 38 and lower surface 39 respectively form an inner diameter and outer diameter which, when connected by a side 40, define the 3D truncated cone of the predefined synthetic model 32. A truncated cone structure (frustum) can be described by the equation Z(x,y)=max(0, min(A+Br, max)) where A and B define the slope of the cone, and r equals the distance from (x,y) to the center of the circle.
Alternatively, real data taken from sample objects may be obtained and used for predefined synthetic model 32. For example, a user can "train" the system by pointing a 3D image acquisition device 24 at an object of interest 21, and instructing the system to create a predefined synthetic model 32 based on the real data, for example as shown in FIG. 5. The user can make adjustments to the predefined synthetic model 32 and test the system's ability to locate objects. Also, as described below, weighted areas may be automatically or manually added to improve recognition.
In the illustrative embodiment, the predefined synthetic model 32 includes weighted areas. Weighted areas are parts of the predefined synthetic model 32 which are not considered, or are considered to a lesser extent, during the search of the 3D captured image data 26. As an example, weighted areas can be set to a "don't care" value, wherein any value in the data point being examined in the 3D captured image data 26 will match the predefined synthetic model 32. Weighted areas are typically areas where noise and errors in the 3D captured image data 26 are expected.
An example of a weighted area in the predefined synthetic model 32 is the sloped side 40 as shown in FIG. 3A and 3B. For some 3D acquisition devices, since the slope of the side 40 is at a severe angle to the direction of scanning by the image acquisition device 24 (as shown by arrow 36), any 3D image data points along such severe angles is highly error-prone. The 3D captured image data will be noisy, or include many incorrectly measured points in such an area.
Taking this into account, the ring defined by the side 40 as shown in FIG. 3B is demarcated as a weighted area, with a weight value set very low, possibly to zero. When the predefined synthetic model 32 is compared to the data points in the 3D captured image data, the data points which would correspond to the weighted area of the predefined synthetic model 32 are not considered, or alternatively considered to a lesser extent than non-weighted areas.
The weighted areas of the predefined synthetic model 32 may be manually determined by a user defining a predefined synthetic model 32 for the system, or weighted areas may be determined automatically. For the above example where a slope angle of the side 40 is severe compared to the location of scanning 36, the following formula can be used to automatically determine zero weighted (don't care) areas, where s is the equation of the surface, z is the direction from the surface pointed towards the 3D image acquisition device 24, and the normal slope to the surface s is determined by:
Here, the dot product of a 3D vector matrix describing a 3D vector 42 perpendicular to a point 44 on the surface of the predefined synthetic model 32, and a 3D vector pointing in the direction of the image acquisition sensor (0,0,1), is taken. The resultant Z derivative (∂s/∂z) is compared to a predetermined threshold value. If the Z derivative is less than the predetermined threshold value, then the point 44 is determined to be, or weighted as a "don't care" point. In the present example, since all the points on the side 40 of the predefined synthetic model 32 will have the same slope and the same Z derivative (irrespective of X and Y components), all of the data points within the side 40 will be a weighted "don't care" area.
This approach for predicting weight as a function of surface normal is intended to predict the merit scores which will be observed using a particular 3D sensor. Alternatively, other 3D sensor or image acquisition device merit scores may be more correlated to surface roughness, albedo or other characteristics, and in those cases the model's weights would be computed to predict those merit scores.
If a predefined synthetic model 32 was a more complex shape, such as the ellipsoid model shown in FIG. 4, the points along the surface whose slope angle are below the predetermined threshold value will be determined to be "don't care" points, and the points whose slope angle are at or above the threshold value will be valid. Therefore, the formula works independently of the shape of the predefined synthetic model 32. An advantage of this is that users can define any type of predefined synthetic model 32, including using captured image data of real objects 21, which produce models such as shown in FIG. 5 as previously described. The above formula will properly exclude all data points and areas on the surface of the predefined synthetic model 32 which would produce excessive errors by the image acquisition device 24. Alternatively, the merit scores of the scanned feature can be used for weights.
The threshold value is determined based on the requirements for the system as well as limitations in the image acquisition device 24. For example, a higher threshold would result in more area of a predefined synthetic model 32 being considered "don't care", which would be useful in a high noise environment, or if the image acquisition device 24 produces a high level of erroneous readings. This makes the system more forgiving for errors and noise in the 3D captured image data 26. Also, since less data points are processed when the comparison is performed, the system may also run faster. Alternatively, a lower threshold value would result in more or all data points on a predefined synthetic model 32 being considered, which would make the system perform more detailed analysis during the search for the objects of interest 21 in the 3D captured image data 26.
In the illustrative embodiment, the predefine synthetic model 32 is represented by a matrix model 60, FIG. 6, including height data for each point within the matrix model 60. A corresponding correlation weights mask 62FIG. 7 indicates the weights for each point. In the present example, the weights for each point are set to either 0 (zero) or 1 (one). A weight of zero indicates a "don't care" point, and the corresponding data point in 3D captured image data 26 will not be considered when compared to the matrix model 60. In a preferred embodiment, a weight of zero saves on processing, since calculations need not be performed in analyzing that data point. Specialized hardware is available to perform this operation when zero weights are used.
With the predefined synthetic model 32 and weighted areas prepared, the system scans the 3D captured image data 26 searching for the objects of interest 21 by comparing one or more predefined synthetic models 32 (in a form for example similar to matrix model 60, FIG. 6 and a corresponding correlation weights mask 62FIG. 7) to the 3D captured image data 26. The comparison process is performed using weighted normalized correlation. Normalized correlation measures the 3D geometric similarity between an image portion and the predefined synthetic model 32 independent of any linear differences between the two. In other words, uniform changes between the image portion and the predefined synthetic model 32 are ignored. For example, if the image portion and the predefined synthetic model 32 differ in size by a constant value, then the system will determine a match. As another example, if the scanned object is tilted, most data points in that image portion of the 3D captured image data 26 will indicate a constant angle off center when compared to the predefined synthetic model 32. For most tilts, the system will properly recognize the object of interest 21.
For doing weighted normalized correlation, the illustrative embodiment uses the following formula for calculating the correlation coefficient r of a model and a corresponding portion of an image at an offset (u, v), where wi is the weight derived from the sensor's merit score(x,y), the model's weight(x,y), or the product of the sensor's merit score(x,y), and the model's weight(x,y). Ii is the height data pixel at (u+xi, v+yi); and Mi is the corresponding model pixel at the relative offset (xi, yi):
Although weighted normalized correlation is shown for the illustrative embodiment, other forms of correlation are within the scope of the present invention, including non-weighted normalized correlation, regular correlation, weighted regular correlation, sums of absolute differences, and weighted sums of absolute differences.
Another feature according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the ability to determine a surface plane of inspection device 20, FIG. 8. As previously mentioned, analysis of the scanned inspection device 20 and detection of objects of interest 21 may take place on surfaces and components which are not positioned perfectly flat with respect to image acquisition device 24. Further, component inspection may require detection of warped surfaces, warped parts, improperly positioned parts, or extra material on a surface.
To determine a surface plane, a predefined area surrounding objects of interest 21 is selected. Sample data points are then taken from that predefined area. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, data points located in a ring 46 defined by a first radius and second larger radius from the center of a located object of interest 21, are selected. The first radius is chosen to be far enough away from the object of interest 21 so that the data points outside of the first radius will not include any portion of that object 21. The second radius is chosen to be close enough to the object of interest 21 to avoid areas of the surface of the inspection device 20 which might contain data points which don't define the surface, such as edges, or other components.
The predefined area 46 may overlap, as shown by 46 b and 46 c. Further, specific data points in predefined areas 46 may also be deselected, for example if a predefined area overlaps another object of interest, as shown by arrow 23 with regard to predefined area 46 c. The predefined area 46 c overlaps object 21 d, therefore the data points overlapping on object 21 d will be ignored.
Other considerations for the size of the predefined areas 46 include limiting the number of data points to consider when determining the surface plane. By limiting the size of the predefined areas 46, fewer data points will be processed, which will result in faster processing. Larger size for predefined areas 46 will result in higher accuracy.
Once the predefined areas 46 are selected, the system determines where the data points are, based the determined location of the objects of interest 21 in the 3D captured image data 32. These data points are then selected from the 3D captured image data 32, and processed to determine a 3D plane which fits all, or a best approximation of all the selected data points.
The surface plane is not limited to a geometric plane. A complex surface, for example a quadric surface which can be described by a polynomial equation, can be determined using the present invention.
In the illustrative embodiment, the surface plane is determined by computing the least squares fit between a plane and a set of points. The plane is fit to a point set by computing the inertia matrix of the point set (after subtracting out the average point so that the point set has an average position (0,0,0)), and then computing the moments of inertia of that point set. The axis with the least inertia will correspond to the direction of the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue. For the equation presented below, x, y, and z correspond to the zero-mean point sets (x-xmean, y-ymean, z-zmean):
For more complicated base representations (quadric surfaces), a least squares formula may be used. This method involves minimizing f(x,y)2. For example, fitting a second order surface to the data set involves finding a, b, c, d, e, f which minimizes Σ(z−f(x,y))2 where f(x,y)=a*x*x+b*x*y+c*y*y+d*x+e*y+f.
Once the ground plane has been estimated, the illustrative embodiment can measure the height, volume, and/or center of the mass by using the height differences between the measured height(x,y) and the predicted ground plane position(x,y). A nominal threshold 74FIG. 9 above the ground plane 20 can also be used to determine which height pixels correspond to the feature (for example, if height(x,y)>ground_plane(x,y)+threshold), and therefore should be accumulated into the sums. In addition, the height volume's incorporation into the sum statistics can be scaled by an adjusted weight using the model's weight(x,y), the sensor's merit score(x,y), or the product of both.
As an example calculations performed once a object 21 has been detected, once the substrate 20 has been determined, the original data points 72, 76 in local neighborhoods (windows) at the template location where the object/feature 21 has been detected. For the embodiment including objects such as solder balls, within each window the data points are classified as either "ball" data points 72 or "non-ball" data points 76 depending on the distance from the data points to the substrate plane 20. Data points which are noisy (out of range) or in a weighted "don't care" area, or have low merit scores may be ignored. The data points are classified as "ball" data points 72 if the distance from the data point 72 to the substrate 20 exceeds the threshold level 74 as specified in the ball model 32.
Next, statistics about each solder ball are computed by focusing solely on the "ball" data points 72. Using these data points 72, computations including exposed ball volume, exposed center of mass, and max height 70 above the substrate 20 are performed. The center of mass can be projected onto the substrate plane in order to compute the solder ball's (x,y) position on the device 20.
The data point data is expected to be calibrated in terms of the Z direction (for example the data point Z is calibrated to absolute Z), but the non-telecentricity of the lens of a 3D image capture device 24 may produce an (x,y) translation error which is a function of Z. The first order effect of this non-telecentricity is that (x,y) compensation must be performed at the found object 21 positions. The second order effect of this non-telecentricity is that the data points are not rectangular, but typically frustums, and therefore volume may need to be computed more precisely. Calibration for this includes (x,y) translational shifts as a function of Z height, which may be performed automatically.
A method for performing steps according to the present invention shown in FIG. 10. The predefined synthetic model 32 is constructed, step 200. This is often referred to as "training" the system. As previously described, a user can define geometric models, or use actual data from scanned sample objects of interest 21, to define the predefined synthetic model 32. In the preferred embodiment, predefined synthetic models 32 are supplied with the system, although a user is provided with tools to help define any model they wish.
A mask defining weighted "don't care" areas or regions is created next, step 202. It is not necessary for the system to include weighted areas. Alternatively, several weighted areas are possible, each of the weighted areas having a different weighted value defining how important that area is to be considered in searching for the objects of interest 21. As previously described, the weighted areas may be determined automatically, based on the geometry of the predefined synthetic model 32.
The predefined synthetic model 32 and mask are used by the system to scan the 3D captured image data 26 to locate objects of interest 21. Once the objects of interest 21 are located, this information may be output to a user, stored in memory, or used in further processing, such as coplanarity measurement, quality assurance analysis, defective part detection, or counting, etc. As an example with solder balls, the located solder balls in the 3D captured image data 26 can then be analyzed to determine if they are sufficiently sized and properly spherical to form electrical connections when the BGA is mounted on a surface mount device such as a PCB (printed circuit board). This analysis includes analyzing the solder volume to determine if the solder balls are sufficiently sized to form electrical connections; analyzing the center of mass to determine if the solder balls are appropriately positioned to form electrical connections; and analyzing the average height of the centers of the solder balls in the 3D captured image to determine complanarity so that the device will mount properly. A plane can be fit to the solder ball's top points using the method previously described, and then comparing the balls' position with respect to that top plane. Alternatively, the ball heights, center of masses etc. can be considered with respect to the lower (BGA surface) fitted plane. As another example, further processing including Golden Template Comparison can be performed.
An optional step 206 includes selecting data points proximate the located objects of interest 21 in the 3D captured image data. These selected data points are then analyzed to determine features of the surface of the inspection device 20, separate from any objects of interest 21 on the scanned inspection device 20. As an example with BGAs, the data points define the surface of the BGA, and can indicate if the BGA is lying flat, or at some angle, and further whether the BGA is bent or warped. Further analysis which depends on knowing the surface plane of the inspection device can also be performed, including scanning the known surface for foreign objects including dust or misplaced solder or rosen.
An optional final step 208 includes analysis of the objects and plane substrate, as previously discussed.
The present invention is implemented in C and C++ code and runs on any general purpose computer system, including microprocessor based personal computers. The present invention could also by implemented in other software and/or dedicated hardware such as Asics, or other specialized hardware.
Although described in terms of analysis of manufactured objects, the present invention can be used in any situation where 3D image data must be analyzed to recognize predetermined objects, including data from radar or sonar systems, or any distance or depth measuring devices. Further, as previously mentioned, other types of correlation analysis can be performed, including regular correlation.
Although the invention has been shown and describe with respect to exemplary embodiment thereof, various other changes, omissions and additions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Here, the mighty Grand River creates a lush growing environment for maples, oaks, birches, aspens, sumacs and more. They grow tall and proud, exploding every fall in a dazzling mix of reds, yellows, golds and oranges. These colors stand out in sharp relief against a background of evergreen forest. The result is one of the best fall color shows in the nation!
Of course, autumn in Grand Rapids delights more than just the eye. It's also a perfect time to treat your taste buds to a crisp, juicy apple from our 12,000 acres of apple trees. Travel our scenic country roads through these bountiful orchards, and stop at an authentic cider mill for a refreshing drink and a delicious donut straight out of the oven. Get back in your vehicle for a ride across charming covered bridges a tour of the many antique shops throughout the area.
Here's just one of many great ways to spend a fall day in and around Grand Rapids:
It's AHL Western Conference Final at its… More
It's AHL Western Conference Final at its… More
Grand Rapids is a destination like no other: art, culture, dining, and nightlife. From a hip and friendly downtown to an endless array of outdoor activities, Grand Rapids will surprise, excite and delight you!
Psst! One of Grand Rapids' best kept secrets is ...getting around. Grand Rapids is only a few hours' drive from most major midwestern cities. Maps, Drive times ... more

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- Home
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- Prototype Alex Mercer Jacket
Prototype Alex Mercer Jacket
Alex Mercer's Prototype Jacket
For all the gamers out there, here is a golden opportunity to own some gaming attire. Hexder brings to you the leather jacket of Alex Mercer from Prototype. This guarantees you comfort as well as style. The best part about this jacket is that you can wear this for any outing, casually or semi-casually. The dragon logo on the back makes this jacket from prototype look more cool and will attract countless praises. The makers of this attire have made it exactly same as compared to the game.
- Real Leather
- Shirt Style Collar
- Dragon Design On the Back
- Shoulder Epaulettes
- Inside Pockets
- Viscose Lining
- Front Chest Pocket with Zip
- Two Waist Pockets with Flaps
- White Stripes on the sleeves
- Front Zip Closure
- Zipped Cuffs
Measurement in Inches
Product Reviews
BETTER than in the game
Posted by Samuel Rush
The game is good but this jacket is BETTER. What's in the game, let it be there, but the jacket which I got with me is way different looking than the game. It's comfortable and fits like heaven. I do admire the logo behind, real artistic but the shipping was a bit late, little improvement on that if you don't mind.
My First Start Of Being Satisfied
Posted by Moreau, UK
Purchased the Alex Mercer Jacket a week back and I must say, this is indeed the best of what I brought. I'm very impressed with the Costumer Service and the Delivery. This was my first purchase that turned out to be so good. I was afraid at start but now surely I will make my next purchase. Thumbs up.
100% Confirmed
Posted by Hudson, United States
I truly adore the Prototype game. Thanks to the online service of Hexder, my dream has been fulfilled of owning a Prototype Jacket. This piece is just awesome. Looks as same as in the game, even though in the game I couldn't notice it but when I Googled it that was the only moment which made me think that it looked alike.
Thank you for Quick Service!!
Posted by Charlie Cooper
I played the Prototype game like gazillion times, and that because I can't reach to the last stage :\ . Anyways I do enjoy playing that game and what I also enjoy the most is the Alex Mercer Jacket. I purchased this jacket a week ago and I totally love it. I even wear it while playing the game, which helps me to motivate myself of being the Alex Mercer in the game. Thankyou Hexder for the quick service of this outstanding jacket.
What can I really say..
Posted by Charles Butcher
What can I really say about "MY" Prototype Jacket? Yes I used the word "MY" in Capital Letters, because I finally own a jacket that has been worn by Alex Mercer in the Prototype Game. When I first checked this jacket online, I started to act crazy and kept telling my friends about it. My friends was like " You're Stupid", but not anymore. Since I got this jacket with me, I'm gonna wear this in front of them and will ask straight in their face that "Who's Stupid Now??. As about my reviews, this jacket really gave me a perfect fit and it is comfortable, as well. So thank you Hexder Team, this attire really made my day.


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to attend this weekend's Time Lord Fest, Florida's premier Doctor Who fan convention.
The British sensation has been around forever, but has recently boomed in popularity, especially here in the States with the most recent BBC show reanimating the series. In fact, both men and women alike have run out to get their hands on the fine doctor's sonic screwdriver, though perhaps for different reasons.
The Time Lord Fest will feature prizes, the expected lavish cos-play, and the time transcending Dr. Sketchy's Timey-Wimey Fashion Show! Attendees wishing to debate Dr. Who companion trivia will delight in themed panels and local independent authors will also be on hand, showing off their latest sci-fi and fantasy tales.
Sat., Jan. 26, noon to midnight, Zendah Grotto, 4450 W. Ohio Ave, Tampa, $10. timelordfest.com/time-lord-fest-tampa.


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Zebra Stripe Collection Drum Table
Traditional style accent to your home with this barrel inspired side table with drawers.
The Zebra Stripe Collection Oval Drum Table
Unique hand painted design on solid woods and wood products. Three drawers with antique brass finished hardware.
Zebra Stripe Finish
Dimensions: 22" W x 18" D x 26" H
Weight: 84 lbs
Zebra Stripe Collection Drum Table
Zebra Stripe Collection Drum Table
Our innovative products will provide you and your family with years of enjoyment. And with the Brookstone Protection Plus service and replacement plans, you'll have the added peace of mind knowing that if the unexpected does happen, we will simply repair or replace your covered product. Our enhanced coverage goes above and beyond the manufacturer's warranty, saving you time and money.
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Hatch, Inc. Expands Early Childhood Product Line and Provides Expert Guidance on ARRA Grant Funding
Hatch developed the ARRA Solution Documents as resources for grantees applying for Early Head Start, Head Start, Early Reading First, Title I IDEA, and Child Care Development Block Grants for Infant & Toddler and Pre-Kindergarten funding. "Excellent customer service at Hatch begins with providing sound research-based support for busy, federally-funded early childhood programs," stated
The new Infant & Toddler product line from Hatch enables programs to make thoughtful, appropriate product choices to ensure they can meet conditions set forth by the DHHS by choosing evidence-based products that promote sustainability, early intervention, pre-literacy and numeracy skills and school readiness. "This new research-based product line for infants and toddlers advances Hatch to the forefront as experts in the field of early childhood education," stated
Hatch(R) believes in supporting educators while developing young minds. Founded in 1982, Hatch is the nation's leading provider of appropriate technology in early childhood classrooms and markets a full line of early childhood developmentally-appropriate products. Hatch is committed to providing customers with the highest level of service, support and training. For more information about Hatch's ARRA Resource Solutions, Infant & Toddler line and new proprietary products contact
SOURCE Hatch, Inc.


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Patriots rally in second half, fall 41-34 to 49ers
FOXBOROUGH, Mass. Tom Brady and the potent Patriots offense finally surfaced in the second half of Sunday night's game against the San Francisco 49ers.
By then, it was too late.
"We blew a half off and it cost us, big time," defensive lineman Vince Wilfork said after the Patriots rallied from a 28-point deficit to tie the score before losing 41-34. "We blew off 30 minutes of a football game. It's going to be tough to come back against any kind of team, especially the type of team the 49ers are."
Colin Kaepernick threw for four touchdowns - two to Michael Crabtree, who took a short pass and sped around cornerback Kyle Arrington for a 38-yard touchdown that put the 49ers back in front with 6:25 to go. David Akers made a 28-yard field goal to make it a two possession game.
Tom Brady led New England (10-4) into San Francisco territory, and coach Bill Belichick opted for a quick field goal with 38 seconds left. Delanie Walker recovered the ensuing onside kick for the 49ers and enabled them to run out the clock.
Brady threw for 443 yards and a touchdown, and he also ran one in on a sneak while leading the Patriots back from a 31-3 deficit. But the Patriots also had a season-high four turnovers, including two interceptions by Brady.
"We just spotted them 28 points," said Brady, who had a touchdown pass for the 46th straight game. "We fought hard, but you can't play poorly against a good team and expect to win."
The Patriots, who had had won seven in a row, lost for the first time at home in December in 21 games.
Kaepernick threw for 216 yards to help the 49ers (10-3-1) clinch at least a wild-card spot; they play at Seattle next week with a chance to clinch the NFC West. A loss would bring the division race down to the final weekend.
Crabtree had 107 yards receiving, scoring his first touchdown in the third quarter to give the 49ers a 31-3 lead.
But then the Niners began sleepwalking, and back came Brady and the Patriots on a 6-yard TD run by Danny Woodhead and a 1-yard dive by Brady. A 5-yard pass to Aaron Hernandez and Woodhead's 1-yard run with 6:43 left in the fourth quarter tied it.
And just like that, San Francisco went in front again.
Rookie LaMichael James broke free for a 62-yard kickoff return. On the next snap - the third time the Niners would have a one-play TD drive - Crabtree took a pass on the left side, spun and headed into the end zone.
New England turned over the ball on downs and Akers made his kick from 28 yards out. Stephen Gostkowski added a 41-yarder for the Patriots with 38 seconds remaining, but they needed the onside kick to try to complete the unlikely comeback.
San Francisco led 17-3 at the half. And they looked safe after Frank Gore picked up Kaepernick's third fumble and scored on a 9-yard run, followed by Crabtree's 27-yard score in a pinpoint pass from the second-year quarterback.


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Hoegate Street
Since 1992 Access to Music has provided quality music training to thousands of musicians across the UK, while also equipping them with valuable employability and life skills.
Access to Music has ...
RAF Lyneham
The Bath & Wells MAT is a happy family of Church Schools with different qualities and different needs. Some of our Church Schools are sponsored academies and some are voluntary converter schools ...
Bicton College is a leading land based college set within an area of outstanding natural beauty in the heart of Devon. The grounds comprise 200 hectares of open parkland and rolling country ...
The College Mission Statement:
"Everything we do at The Bournemouth & Poole College ensures our students become qualified, find jobs, keep them and progress in their careers."
& ...
Bridgwater College is one of the top performing colleges in England. As a result of a recent merger with a land-based college, it now has one of the broadest curriculum offers in the country.
Th ...
The following are most important to the Trust:
Improving education for all children and young people across North Somerset and the wider region.
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It's Free to join Talent Pools, just click to join College and Regional Pools to ensure your CV has the maximum exposure to new and upcoming roles.
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We love talking to our customers and candidates on the phone. However today (Thursday 16th October) we'll be upgrading our telephone system to provide you with a better service, and you may experience some difficulty calling our office. So if you need assistance from the FE Jobs team please contact us on email@example.com will be up and running by Friday. We look forward to hearing from you.
Systems will be up and running by Friday. We look forward to hearing from you.


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Pronunciation: Je veux
Added on: 2009-03-22 Listened: 12K timesin: francais, learning French, I want, conjugate the French verb vouloir, verbes en Francais, verbs in French, verbes en Français
Pronunciation in French [fr]
- Pronunciation by spl0uf (Male from France)
Could you do it better? different accent? Pronounce Je veux in French
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The orchid tree is a medium-sized tree(1,5,7) native to many different habitats in South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, and Japan(1,2,5,7,8). Admired for its large, fragrant, and beautiful purple, pink, lavender, red, or blue orchid-like flowers(3,5,7), the orchid tree is also special because of an amazing talent. Like some other plants, it spreads its seeds by shooting them away from itself, and it may hold the record for best seed-thrower: it can propel its seeds as far as 15 meters (49 feet) away(6)! Aside from these special characteristics, the orchid tree has been valuable to people throughout history as a source of medicines. In countries such as India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, parts of the orchid tree (including the bark, roots, and flowers) are used in traditional treatments for a wide variety of health problems from wounds to stomach cancer (5,8). Scientists who have studied the chemistry of the orchid tree to try to discover what gives the plant its medicinal properties have shown that it contains many chemicals that act in beneficial ways on the body; these include chemicals that reduce pain, chemicals that fight certain bacterial infections, healthy chemicals called antioxidants, and even chemicals with cancer-fighting effects (5,8). In addition to being used as medicine, though, the orchid tree is an important source of food and other products(1,2,5,7). In some cultures, people eat the fruit(1,2,5), seeds(2,5), leaves(1), flowers(1), and flower buds(1) of the tree, and in places such as Nepal, the leaves make healthy meals for domestic animals like sheep, cattle, goats, and buffalo(1,4,5,7).
- 1. "Bauhinia purpurea." Flora of Pakistan. eFlora.org. 5 Jul. 2011. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200011953
- 2. Bhat, Rajeev and A. A. Karim. "Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Wild and Underutilized Legumes." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 8.4 (2009): 305-331.
- 3. Gilman, Edward F. and Dennis G. Watson. "Bauhinia purpurea: Purple Orchid-Tree." 2009. 5 Jul. 2011. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/st090
- 4. Khanal, R. C. and D. B. Subba. "Nutritional Evaluation of Leaves from Some Major Fodder Trees Cultivated in the Hills of Nepal." Animal Feed Science and Technology 92.1-2 (2001): 17-32.
- 5. Kumar, T. and K. S. Chandrashekar. Bauhinia purpurea Linn.: A Review of its Ethnobotany, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile." Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 5.4 (2011): 420-431.
- 6. Meeuse, Baastian J. D. "Seed and Fruit." Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2011. 3 Aug. 2011. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/532368/seed-and-fruit/75912/Fruits?anchor=ref606850
- 7. Orwa, C., A. Mutua, R. Kindt, R. Jamnadass, and S. Anthony. "Bauhinia purpurea." Agroforestry Database: A Tree Reference and Selection Guide, Version 4.0. Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre, 2009. 2 Sept. 2011. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Bauhinia_purpurea.pdf
- 8. Zakaria, Z. A., M. S. Rofiee, L. K. Teh, M. Z. Salleh, M. R. Sulaiman and M. N. Somchit. "Bauhinia purpurea Leaves' Extracts Exhibited In Vitro Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities." African Journal of Biotechnology 10.1 (2011): 65-74.
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Symphony No. 3 "Symphonie Liturgique" (Honegger)
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2009)
Symphonie Liturgique is the Third Symphony by the Swiss composer Arthur Honegger.
Composed in the aftermath of World War II, it is one of Honegger's best-known works. It is in three movements, each of which (following the symphony's subtitle) is named after part of the Requiem Mass. The first movement, Dies irae, is marked allegro marcato, and has an aggressive, storm-like quality. The slow movement, De profundis clamavi, is in contrast meditative and lyrical. The finale, Dona nobis pacem, is more episodic, with an insistent, brutal marching rhythm building to a dissonant climax, before a long, lyrical coda concludes the work. A melody resembling the robin song from Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher, can be heard towards the end of each movement.
Honegger himself wrote an extensive commentary on the work, making explicit the music's connection with the horrors of the War, and the desire for peace.[1]
Written in 1945-46 on a commission from the Foundation Pro Helvetia,[2] Honegger's Third was first performed in Zürich on 17 August 1946 with Charles Munch conducting the Suisse Romande Orchestra. Munch made a live recording of the work in Prague with the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1956, which has been released by the Multisonic label. The symphony has been performed and recorded many times and was a specialty of Herbert von Karajan, who made a recording of it (with Honegger's Second Symphony) in 1969, which is still widely regarded as one of its finest interpretations.[3]
The Symphonie Liturgique has strong thematic similarities with Benjamin Britten's Sinfonia da Requiem written in 1940, although it is in no sense imitative or a reworking of the earlier piece.
- ^ Liner notes to Complete Honegger Symphonies, Supraphon
- ^ Honegger: Symphonies 1-5 • Pacific 231 • Rugby (CD LINER NOTES). Warner Classics, 2006. p. 5.
- ^ http://deutschegrammophon.com/cat/single?sort=newest_rec&PRODUCT_NR=4474352&javascript=1&UNBUYABLE=1&per_page=100&ADD_OTHER=1&COMP_ID=HONAR&ART_ID=KARHE&presentation=list


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Netflix's U.S. subscribers will have access to Oscar best-picture nominee "The Artist" under an agreement with Weinstein Co. in which the streaming-video provider will receive exclusive pay-television rights to foreign language, documentary and other movies. The deal will give Netflix the rights to such films as the Oscar-nominated documentary "Undefeated," the French-language World War II drama "Sarah's Key" and the documentary "Bully" within one year of their debut in the theaters.
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Do you think Republican Sam Brownback will be the next governor of Kansas?
I think Brownback is a sure thing, unless something changes drastically.
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The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD) is dedicated to advancing excellence in the art and science of comprehensive cosmetic dentistry and encouraging the highest standards of ethical conduct and responsible patient care. As members of the AACD, you have already separated yourselves as standouts from the rank and file in our profession. Now is the time to take the next step and seek a leadership position in the Academy.
Click here to request application materials for the Board of Directors, American Board of Cosmetic Dentistry or Nominating and Leadership Development Committee.
Board of Directors (BOD)/American Board of Cosmetic Dentistry (ABCD) Application Deadline
January 31, 2015
AACD Committee applications due
February 26-28, 2015
Nominating and Leadership Development Committee (NALDC) interviews for BOD and ABCD
February 2015
AACD Committee applications reviewed by Volunteer Placement Committee
April 2015
AACD Commitee candidates appointed by Board of Directors and notified
May 6, 2015
Annual Business Meeting with elections for BOD, ABCD and NALDC and 2015 Committee and board members take office


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Voicemail-to-Text isn't a new concept but the implementation has almost always been buggy and full of faults. Google's own service which converts voicemail to email hasn't taken off as well as Google would've expected to.
There aren't as many voicemail-to-text apps as there are voicemail apps. And the ones that exist don't do a great job.
A Simple Service
PhoneTag, from what we've heard from users of the services, appears to have struck a chord in users who need such a service. It's a straight-forward voicemail-to-text service which works with a lot of carriers and service providers. And for users who are looking for a viable solution to save time on transcribing voicemail, you must definitely try PhoneTag.
PhoneTag works in a simple way: you receive a voicemail, it goes to PhoneTag where it's deciphered and you get a message with the transcript.
Perhaps, the best thing about PhoneTag is that it can easily be bundled with a lot of service providers. In the U.S, PhoneTag covers almost 95% of the phones. All the major carriers like AT&T, Spring, Verizon (for iPhone users), T-Mobile, M5, Alltel etc. are covered. This means you can mostly subscribe for their services.
PhoneTag plays equally good for both large corporations and for individual users. The company behind PhoneTag, Ditech Networks, is a pioneer in voice-based services so it's an indication of their capabilities in handling voicemails and transcribing them with a high level of fidelity.
PhoneTag has a simple and direct pricing strategy. It doesn't confuse you with a lot of tangential options.
- Pay As You Go: $0.35/message
- 40 Messages: $9.95/month
- $29.95/month for unlimited messages.


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NBA: 76ers' Bynum out 'indefinitely' with knee troubles
More News from Agence France-Presse
PHILADELPHIA, Pennsylvania – Andrew Bynum's troublesome knees will keep the Philadelphia center out of NBA action indefinitely, the 76ers said Saturday in an update on his status.
Bynum, a former All-Star with the Los Angeles Lakers who was traded to the 76ers last August in the four-team deal that sent Dwight Howard from Orlando to Los Angeles, has yet to take the court for his new team.
Almost a fortnight ago, the 76ers said Bynum might return in January, but on Saturday they said there are "no timelines" for his return.
"We've said all along that we need some patience, that this is hard to predict this healing process," 76ers general manager Tony DiLeo said. "Andrew is the indicator how his body reacts."
DiLeo said Bynum has "bilateral bone bruises and a weakened cartilage state" in his knees.
In the off-season, Bynum went to Germany to have non-surgical Orthokine treatment, which uses proteins derived from the patient's own blood, on his oft-injured knees.
In September, he was diagnosed with a bone bruise of the right knee, and he hurt his left knee earlier this month bowling, a low-key recreational activity that DiLeo noted isn't noted for producing injury.
"That's an unfortunate situation," DiLeo said. "This is something with this weakened cartilage state that this thing can happen. As he said the other day, he was just taking three steps and rolling the ball."
DiLeo said the 76ers knew when they signed Bynum it was a "calculated risk" because of his injury history.
"We also knew that we were getting the second-best center in the league, a franchise type player," he said. "We took that risk. His knees now and the MRIs are not the same as they were at that time.
"We are still looking at the big picture here, long term here," DiLeo said. "We're hopeful after this situation heals and when we can get him back on the court, we can plan on him in the future."
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Browne Foodservice BP182612 DescriptionSKU: 158-BP182612
Don't find yourself in need of cookies and without a pan to bake them on! This half size bun pan from Browne-Halco is a top quality sheet pan that is sure to stand up to the baking demands of any kitchen or bakery.
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- Dimensions: 18 x 13 x 1
From cookies, pizzas, pastries, and pies, you can be sure you're putting your quality baked goods on the best bun pan. Constructed of 18 gauge aluminum alloy and featuring a deep and natural finish, this bun pan is a wise and practical addition to any baker's cookware line.Add this bun pan to your kitchen or bakery today!
Bun Pan, 18" x 13" x 1" deep, half size, wire reinforced rims, rounded corners, stackable, 18 gauge aluminum, alloy, natural finish, imported.
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Browne Foodservice BP182612 Customer Reviews
"I love it cant wait to buy more on my next order"
"these pans are prices cheap but don't let that fool you.they are heavy duty and bake great.I need more already."


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POINT REYES STATION -- For someone who didn't speak for 17 years, John Francis knows how to make himself heard.
The 61-year-old environmentalist, whose long vow of silence to protest pollution gained him a nationwide following, now makes his living giving speeches around the world.
Like many of his generation, Francis' approach to activism, which also included a 22-year boycott of cars and other motorized transportation, has mellowed. But his commitment to raising awareness remains.
"I started speaking because I wanted to speak for the environment. And the environment for me had changed," he said. "It's about trees and pollution and loss of species. But also it's a crisis of mind and spirit."
In the 1970s, before Al Gore won an Oscar and movie stars drove hybrid cars, Francis became one of the country's first eco-celebrities.
With his banjo and his backpack, he wandered across the country on foot and bicycle to demonstrate his belief that a lone individual following his conscience could inspire change.
"Because I didn't speak, everyone paid attention," Francis said.
Along the way, he earned a degree from Southern Oregon State College and a master's degree from the University of Montana without uttering a word.
He also earned his doctorate in environmental studies from the University of Wisconsin in near-total silence, although he piped up to defend his dissertation after he had started speaking again.
Today, Francis flies more than 100,000 miles a year for speaking engagements and environmental consulting. While the irony of making his living doing exactly what he once eschewed is not lost on Francis, he sees it as evolution, not contradiction.
Francis arrived in the hippie hot zone of Marin County in 1969 after growing up in northern Philadelphia, where a counselor at his Catholic high school identified him as a possible candidate for the clergy.
After two oil tankers collided beneath the Golden Gate Bridge in 1971, spilling black crude across San Francisco Bay, Francis decided to give up cars.
In 1973, he stopped talking. At first, the silence was only supposed to last a day.
"That one day was sort of a gift for myself and to give the town a rest. Because I talked so much," he said.
The day became a week, then a month. After that, Francis would revisit his vow once a year and decide whether to continue.


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Join the 'Vaginal Yeast Infection' group to help and get support from people like you.
Vaginal Yeast Infection Blog
Related terms: Candidiasis, Vaginal, Monilial vaginitis, Thrush, Vaginal, Vaginal Candidiasis, Vaginal Thrush, Yeast Infection, vaginal, Thrush
Pumpkin May Fight Yeast Infections
Posted 1 Dec 2009 by Drugs.com
FRIDAY, Oct. 30 – As you carve your Halloween jack-o-lantern, consider this new finding: That pumpkin holds potential as a treatment for yeast infections in adults and babies. Korean researchers, reporting online recently in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, examined whether proteins extracted from pumpkin rinds might stop yeast-infection fungus from growing. Pumpkins have long been used as folk medicine in some regions of the world, and researchers have suggested they might have antibiotic powers. In the laboratory, one of the proteins stopped the growth of a fungus called Candida albicans that causes vaginal yeast infections, diaper rash and other conditions. No side effects were evident. The researchers report that the protein found in pumpkins could hold promise as a treatment for people and also help fight fungus that attacks crops. More information Learn more about ... Read more
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Gene Variants Behind Vulnerability to Yeast Infections
Posted 1 Dec 2009 by Drugs.com
WEDNESDAY, Oct. 28 – Scientists have identified two genetic mutations that help account for the presence of recurring yeast infections in certain women. Although the researchers focused their work on small and very specific populations with extreme conditions, the findings provide new insights into one of the most common and annoying maladies to afflict women. "This discovery is important as a starting point for further work," said Dr. Bart Jan Kullberg, co-author of one of two papers appearing in the Oct. 29 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. "It is the first proof in the area of fungal infections that subtle genetic differences exist that explain why some [apparently healthy] persons do get certain ailments, and even suffer from recurrent episodes, whereas others never acquire these infections," said Kullberg, a professor of medicine at Radboud University in Nijmegan, the ... Read more
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Montgomery Ranch Inaugural Bull Sale
Montgomery Ranch Inaugural Bull Sale - Carrington,ND - April 6, 2013 - Foster County Fairgrounds
Montgomery Ranch With Style Inaugural Bull Sale featuring 22 performance tested angus and commercial herd sire prospects Performance Saturday • April 6 • 2013 Foster County Fairgrounds • Carrington, ND Bid Off Begins at 2PM CST Performance With Style Saturday • April 6 • 2013 Bid Off Begins at 2PM CST Foster County Fairgrounds Carrington, ND Montgomery Ranch Inaugural Bull Sale Selling: 20 Angus Yearling Bulls 1 Sim-Angus Bull 1 Commerical Angus Bull Sale Day Phones: Cody Montgomery 701.652.5397 Jory hansen 701.653.5245 Sale consultants: Terms: Skip Anderson........................................701.205.9764 Doug Bichler.........................................701.226.4068 Cattle will sell under the terms and conditions as recommended by the American Angus Association. Terms of sale are cash unless other payment terms are arranged prior to the sale. All purchases are to be settled at the conclusion of the sale unless approval has been given. All announcements made on sale day take precedence over sale book information. All EPD's current as of March 7, 2013. Discounts and Additional Info: • $50 discount for hauling bulls on saleday. Free hauling within 300 miles. • First 60 day breeding season guarantee for all bulls bringing $2500 or more. • Volume discount: 3 bulls/$50 per head, 4 bulls/$75 per head 5 or more bulls/$100 per head Bulls available for viewing at the fairgrounds on sale day or at the farm prior to sale day. Complimentary Lunch and refreshments at noon. Catalog Design: RedBarn Branding and Promotional Strategy www.redbarnbranding.com Welcome Montgomery Ranch has been in the cattle business for over 30 years. Throughout our time raising cattle, the goal has always been to produce cattle that are performance oriented, but still maintain plenty of eye appeal. We have been selling bulls privately off the ranch for a number of years, and felt that this year we were in the position to hold our first production sale. Over the past few years we have been expanding our cattle numbers and working towards providing an offering such as this through purchases from places like LaGrand Angus Ranch, Bush Angus and Express Ranches in addition to the base of our herd which was built through many years of show heifer projects. In addition to the purchases, we have selected a couple of our own top cows to use as donors as well as purchasing two more donor quality cows to help build a more consistent female base. Last spring we were able to increase our registered herd inventory through some purchases in the LaGrand dispersal. The cattle there sold as pairs and you will see that some of the bulls on cows purchased there are offered in our sale, as they were registered with the LaGrand prefix. You will notice as you look through the catalog that all of the cattle have a base price listed. On sale day you will have the opportunity to go through the cattle and place bids on them at the pen. At 2PM we will begin bidding the cattle off amongst those who have bid on them, starting with the calf that has the most bids and working our way down from there. Whether you have purchased cattle from us in the past, or have never before considered us as a seed stock source for your cowherd, we invite you to attend our inaugural bid-off bull sale, visit with us, take a look at our cattle, and decide for yourselves if what we have to offer could work in your operation. Sincerely, The Montgomery's and The Hansen's Questions about the offering? Give us a call! Dennis, Betty and Audra Montgomery 701.652.3302 Cody and Kim Montgomery 701.652.5397 Jory, Missy, Molly and Cally Hansen 701.653.5245 www.montgomeryangus.com Page 1 Reference Sires Bushs Chief 760 BD: 2/21/2008 Reg NO:16167360 Sire of Lots 10,12,13,14,15. BC marathon 7022 Bushs Big Gal 501 { { Milk 18 occ Kirby 633K Gibbet Hill Mignonne E37 Bushs Big Time 452 Bushs Rainie Gal 623 BW 3.0 WW 51 YW 83 SAV Bismarck 5682 BD: 2/01/05 Reg NO:15109865 Sire of Lots 4,5,8. GAR Grid Maker Sav Abigale 0451 { { Milk 27 GDAR Traveler 044 GAR Precision 2536 Schoenes Fix It 826 Sav Abigale 6062 BW .2 WW 58 YW 100 SAV net worth 4200 BD: 3/06/2004 Reg NO:14739204 Sire of Lots 3,6,7,21. SAV 8180 Traveler 004 SAV May 2410 { { Sitz Traveler 8180 Boyd Forever Lady 8003 SAF 598 Bando 5175 SAV May 6269 BW 4.6 WW 58 YW 110 Milk 30 S Chisum 8243 BD: 4/03/2008 Reg NO:16193069 Sire of Lots 11,16. S Chisum 6175 S Miss Emulous 5177 { { Milk 30 S Alliance 3313 S Gloria 464 Vermilion Dateline 7078 Ankony Miss Emulous V425 BW -.2 WW 52 YW 95 {Sire of S CHisum 8243} S Chisum 6175 Page 2 Reference Sires Silveiras Style 9303 BD: 1/20/2009 Reg NO:16427563 Sire of Lots 2,9. gambles hot rod silveiras Elba 2520 { { Milk 15 famous 7001 champion hill lady 703 twin valley precision e161 dar elba 55 BW 2.9 WW 42 YW 82 vin-mar o'reilly factor BD: 2/05/2009 Reg NO:16400429 Sire of Lots 1,22. sav final answer 0035 vin-mar edella 2827 { { 24 Sitz Traveler 8180 Sav emulous 8145 circle a 216 ltd 9374 rr edella pursuit 5827 BW .3 WW 64 YW 120 Milk the new reference sires Prairie Pride Broadcast 1007 Reg. No. 17032053 First Degree Bush BAAR Reg. No. 17187850 Montgomery Ranch is excited about our two new herd sires. Look for Broadcast progeny in next year's sale and First Degree progeny in 2015! Page 3 Montgomery Ranch Angus Bulls Lot 1 Act. BW 78 885 MAR O'Reilly Factor 202 BD: 2/06/2012 Reg NO:17314886 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1443 BW 0.6 WW 61 YW 108 Milk 28 Tattoo:202 ADG 3.37 Base price $3,000 Vin-Mar O'Reilly Factor MAR Erica 004 { { SAV Final Answer 0035 Vin-Mar Edella 2827 Rito Revenue 5M2 of 2536 Predestined LaGrand Erica 3934 Selling 2/3 semen interest and full possession. This O'Reilly Factor son is a great one to start our first sale with, in fact we think so much of him we plan to AI to him in our own herd. There are many different Final Answer grandsons that will sell this spring, but the maternal side of his pedigree offers a different take going back to Rito Revenue and Basin Max 602C on the bottom side. If you are looking for a bull that combines calving ease and a lot of growth into a sound, eye-appealing package, look no further than Lot 1. Lot 2 Act. BW 85 776 MAR Style 207 BD: 2/11/2012 Reg NO:17391049 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1168 BW 2.5 WW YW 60 Milk 21 37 Tattoo:207 ADG 2.50 Base price $2,500 Silveiras Style 9303 nlh sue 939 { { Gambles Hot Rod Silveiras Elba 2520 McCumber 172K N Trend 4177 NLh Susieq This son of Silveira's Style is a moderate birth bull that still ratioed very well at weaning and has grown well ever since. He will go out and sire a nice set of calves that will be heavy at sale time. Lot 3 Act. BW 85 709 MAR net worth 213 BD: 2/19/2012 Reg NO:17446502 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1339 BW 3.5 WW YW 90 Milk 22 44 Tattoo: 213 ADG 4.25 Base price $2,500 Sav Net worth 4200 mar duchess 855 { { SAV 8180 traveler 004 SAV May 2410 mar boomtime 29 nelsons duchess k383 Here is a big bodied, big topped, big boned Net Worth son that really grew. These Net Worth sons will add plenty of muscle, growth and pounds.You'll find him as a reference sire throughout the catalog. Page 4 Performance with style lot 1 Sire of Lot 2 Lot 4 Act. BW 76 783 MAR bismarck 216 BD: 2/29/2012 Reg NO:17446821 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1284 BW -0.3 WW YW 88 Milk 25 52 Tattoo: 216 ADG 3.26 Base price $2,500 sav bismarck 5682 mar duchess 626 { { GAR Grid maker SAV abigale 0451 bon view new design 878 nelsons duchess k383 This Bismarck son is a calving ease specialist that combines two of the breeds greatest low birth, female making sires in Bismarck and Net Worth. Not only did he come small but he still ratioed 110 at weaning. He also goes back to the same cow family as Lot 3. Page 5 Montgomery Ranch Angus Bulls Lot 5 Act. BW 72 759 MAR Bismarck 218 BD: 3/01/2012 Reg NO:17446833 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1252 BW -0.5 WW 43 YW 72 Milk 23 Tattoo:218 ADG 3.21 Base price $2,500 SAV Bismarck 5682 mar savannah 317 { { GAR Grid maker SAV Abigale 0451 hsaf prompter ET bushs newsflash lady 754 Another negative BW EPD son of Bismarck that ratioed well at weaning. If you need a group of calving ease bulls take a look at these Bismarck sons. Sire of Lots 6,7. Lot 7 Act. BW 60 810 HSF Net Worth 223 BD: 3/01/2012 Reg NO:17421733 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1292 BW 4.5 WW YW 92 Milk 25 50 Tattoo:223 ADG 3.14 Base price $2,500 SAV net worth 4200 hsf grace 602s { { SAV 8180 traveler 004 Sav may 2410 tc stockman 365 am miss ericas grace 302 This Net Worth sired calf has an actual birthweight of 60lbs, but has really packed on the pounds since birth. We love his birth to yearling spread and think just like his brother above, he will sire very attractive yet heavy calves! Page 6 Performance with style Sire of Lot 5. Lot 6 Act. BW 62 841 HSF Net Worth 222 BD: 3/01/2012 Reg NO:17444179 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1230 BW 4.5 WW YW 92 Milk 25 50 Tattoo:222 ADG 2.58 Base price $2,500 SAV net worth 4200 hsf grace 602s { { SAV 8180 traveler 004 Sav may 2410 tc stockman 365 am miss ericas grace 302 These full brothers out of Net Worth are out of a TC Stockman 365 daughter that was a result of the first ever ET work that we ever did, and is part of the Grace family that has produced numerous show heifers as well as many of our past consignments to sales throughout North Dakota and Minnesota. Use these bulls on a set of cows to make some heavy feeder calves, but keep as many replacement heifers as you can, you will be happy you did. lot 7 Page 7 Montgomery Ranch Angus Bulls Lot 8 Act. BW 78 778 MAR Bismarck 226 BD: 3/06/2012 Reg NO:17475114 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1304 BW 2.3 WW 54 YW 93 Milk 23 Tattoo:226 ADG 4.14 Base price $2,500 SAV Bismarck 5682 mar grace 806 { { GAR Grid maker SAV Abigale 0451 tc freedom 104 am miss ericas grace 302 Here is an ET calf out of our Freedom donor that is also a member of the Grace cow family. The Bismarck progeny have worked really well for us in reducing birth weight yet producing cattle that still grow. We have quite a few in our replacement pen, including a full sister to 226. Dam of Lots 8,9. Lot 9 Act. BW 75 787 MAR style 227 BD: 3/03/2012 Reg NO:17475113 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1387 BW 3.7 WW YW 85 Milk 18 46 Tattoo:227 ADG 4.00 Base price $2,500 Silveiras style 9303 mar grace 806 { { gambles hot rod Silveiras elba 2520 tc freedom 104 am miss ericas grace 302 Another ET calf out of the 806 donor. We mated her to Style in hopes of getting some nice show and sale heifers, but we ended up with quite a bull calf in 227. This guy is another low birthweight bull but is in a league of his own when it comes to style. Lot 10 Act. BW 88 800 mar chief 228 BD: 3/07/2012 Reg NO:17449325 Adj.YW 1320 BW 3.1 WW YW 78 Milk 18 49 Tattoo:228 ADG 3.38 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 bushs chief 760 mm miss eveldas erica 94 miss eveldas erica 43 { { bc marathon 7022 bushs big gal 501 bt freeway 91 f This is the first Chief son in the catalog, and he is one that you need to take a look at if you are serious about adding pounds to your calf crop, as he is one of the bulls in the sale with a 205 day weight of 800 lbs. His dam is one of our older cows that Missy took to the National Junior Angus show in 2000, but she keeps on producing year after year, including many daughters and a herd sire that we used in our own herd. Page 8 Performance with style lot 8 lot 9 Lot 11 Act. BW 77 774 mar chisum 230 BD: 3/08/2012 Reg NO:17391048 Adj. WW Adj.YW 1265 BW 1.4 WW YW 85 Milk 27 48 Tattoo:230 ADG 3.20 Base price $2,000 s Chisum 8243 mar savannah { { s chisum 6175 s miss emulous 5177 sav net worth 4200 mar savannah 317 We bought our Chisum son from Spicklers in 2009 to breed heifers, and he has certainly not disappointed us with his ability to consistently sire calves that are born unassisted and are very vigorous at birth. We have sold a good number of his sons the past couple of years as heifer bulls and the 230 bull is another one along the same lines. Page 9 Montgomery Ranch Angus Bulls Lot 12 Act. BW 74 757 MAR chief 240 BD: 3/20/2012 Reg NO:17391050 Adj.YW 1199 BW 2.7 WW 48 YW 81 Milk 23 Tattoo:240 ADG 2.81 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 bushs chief 760 mar monica 832 { { bc marathon 7022 bushs big gal 501 mar famous panther mar monica Lot 12 and 13 are full brothers sired by Chief and out of a cow that qualified as a pathfinder in her first eligible year. They are both moderate birth bulls with a lot of growth and maternal ability in their pedigrees. Lot 14 Act. BW 82 787 MAR chief 246 BD: 3/09/2012 Reg NO:17420903 Adj.YW 1315 BW 1.9 WW YW 82 Milk 21 48 Tattoo:246 ADG 3.43 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 bushs chief 760 mar phoebe { { bc marathon 7022 bushs big gal 501 bon view new design 878 mar hanah 312 This son of Chief is out of a beautiful daughter of 878. He is a bigger framed bull that combines a low birth weight with excellent growth. 246 has a full brother working for one of our longtime customers, Nathan Fegley. Lot 15 Act. BW 83 757 MAR Chief 254 BD: 3/24/2012 Reg NO:Pending Tattoo:254 Adj.YW 1251 BW WW YW Milk ADG 3.23 Adj. WW - bushs chief 760 HSF Emma 929 { { - - - Base price $2,000 bc marathon 7022 bushs big gal 501 Sav payroll 5281 Lagrand emms e 2855 Another bigger framed Chief son that offers that good combination of moderate birthweight and high growth genetics. Unfortunately we lost Chief right before breeding season last spring, so the sons selling in this sale will be the last we will offer out of him. (EPDs Available Sale Day) Page 10 Performance with style Lot 13 Act. BW 70 Adj. WW 720 MAR Chief 241 BD: 3/20/2012 Reg NO:17391051 Adj.YW 1301 BW 2.7 WW 48 YW 81 Milk 23 Tattoo:251 ADG 3.67 Base price $2,000 bushs chief 760 mar monica 832 { { bc marathon 7022 bushs big gal 501 mar famous panther MAR Monica When we purchased Chief he was a long sided, bigger framed bull with plenty of thickness. When you check out his sons you will see he stamped them all the same way. lot 14 Lot 16 Act. BW 71 727 HSF chisum 257 BD: 4/01/2012 Reg NO:17420902 Adj.YW 1149 BW 0.7 WW YW 89 Milk 26 50 Tattoo:257 ADG 3.29 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 s Chisum 8243 HSF Grace 009 { { s chisum 6175 s miss emulous 5177 hsaf Bando 1961 HSF Grace 603s This Chisum grandson is the youngest bull in the offering, but don't overlook his potential to be a great calving ease sire. His dam is a moderate framed daughter of Bando 1961 and is a member of the afore mentioned Grace cow family. This guy will be a great option to use on your heifers for years to come instead of trying to find a new heifer bull every year. Page 11 Montgomery Ranch Angus Bulls Lot 17 Act. BW 96 708 lagrand final answer 2149 BD: 2/02/2012 Reg NO:17171247 Adj.YW 1289 BW 3.4 WW 43 YW 82 Milk 18 Tattoo:2149 ADG 3.75 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 sav final answer 0035 lagrand peg 6471 { { sitz travler 8180 sav emulous 8145 g13 structure tc peg 7021 Last spring we purchased a group of cows in the LaGrand dispersion and ended up with some really nice bull calves. This son of Final Answer is a big, soggy-made bull out of the Peg cow family that originated at TC Ranch. Lot 19 Act. BW 73 702 Lagrand j010 mandate 2225 BD: 2/20/2012 Reg NO:17177373 Adj.YW 1145 BW 0 WW YW 89 Milk 22 53 Tattoo:2225 ADG 2.91 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 josephson mandate j010 Lagrand wendy 9378 { { sydgen mandate 6079 josephson erica j847 sav final answer 0035 lagrand wendy 6204 This Mandate grandson is a deep-sided, eye-appealing heifer bull prospect with calving ease on both sides of his pedigree being out of a Final Answer dam. Take a look at his very balanced set of EPD's. Lot 21 Act. BW 95 747 MAR Net Worth 212 BD: 2/18/2012 Adj.YW 1320 BW - commercial WW YW Milk - Tattoo:212 ADG 4.20 Adj. WW Base price $2,000 sav net worth 4200 Commercial Angus { { sav 8180 Traveler 004 sav may 2410 Connealy Danny Boy Commercial Angus Cow A big stout Net Worth son to use on cows if you are looking to ad some power and growth to your herd. Page 12 Performance with style Lot 18 Act. BW 96 Adj. WW 722 Lagrand 420 Total 2196 BD: 2/16/2012 Reg NO:17171273 Adj.YW 1317 BW 3.1 WW 38 YW 85 Milk 18 Tattoo:2196 ADG 3.84 Base price $2,000 Carlson Total 420 hoff barbara sc 1326 513 { { tc total 410 carlson 3185 bando 20713 hoff perfection s c 811 3162 hoff barbara s c 929 1326 Here is a big framed TC Total grandson whose dam originated in the Hoff herd in South Dakota. He has been one of the fastest growing bulls since being put on feed, gaining at a steady rate all the way along. Lot 20 Act. BW 93 Adj. WW 725 Lagrand tycoon 2231 BD: 2/22/2012 Reg NO:17177379 Adj.YW 1397 BW 5.2 WW 53 YW 108 Milk 20 Tattoo:2231 ADG 4.30 Base price $2,000 Vin-Mar Lagrand Tycoon lagrand erica dianna 9161 { { rito 1i2 of 2536 rito 6i6 vin-mar queenie 6224 oneills Expedition lagrand erica dianna 4394 Here is a very stylish, big bodied, big topped bull to use on cows to add performance. Take a look at his outcross pedigree to the genetics you will find most anywhere in North Dakota. Lot 22 Act. BW 73 800 MAR O'Reilly Factor 208 BD: 2/13/2012 1/4 Sim•3/4 Angus Tattoo:208 Adj.YW 1392 BW WW YW Milk ADG 3.50 Adj. WW Base price $2,500 Vin-Mar O'Reilly Factor Commercial Sim-Angus { { SAV Final Answer 0035 Vin-Mar Edella 2827 SVF/NJC Built Right n48 Commercial Angus Cow We have been breeding some of these SimAngus cattle since before it was the "in" thing for Angus breeders to try, but it doesn't surprise us to see so many of them popping up in catalogs from Angus herds across the country. The combination of the 2 breeds works so well and this ¼ blood Simmental is a shining example out of a first calf halfblood heifer. He is a super soggy, big topped, big boned individual with as much mass as you can put into one, and as an added bonus being out of O'Reilly Factor he recorded a birthweight of only 73 lbs, while having a 205 day weight of 800 pounds. Check him out sale day to see the best that both breeds have to offer! Page 13 Montgomery Ranch PRESORTED STANDARD US POSTAGE PAID BISMARCK, ND PERMIT NO. 419 775 1st Street North Carrington, ND 58421 Montgomery Ranch Inaugural Bull Sale featuring 22 performance tested angus and commercial herd sire prospects Saturday • April 6 • 2013 Foster County Fairgrounds • Carrington, ND Bid Off Begins at 2PM CST


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Capacity: 41,077
Opened: 1877 (for football 1905)
Pitch size: 103m x 68m
• Not far north of the Thames in west London, the stadium served London Athletics Club from 1877 until 1905 when Chelsea FC were founded, immediately joining the Football League.
• Used for the FA Cup finals of 1920, 1921 and 1922 prior to the opening of Wembley Stadium, Stamford Bridge has also hosted three senior England matches and in 1945 more than 100,000 people are thought to have watched a 3-3 friendly draw between Chelsea and post-war tourists FC Dinamo Moskva.
• Stamford Bridge staged the first leg of the inaugural Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final on 5 March 1958, a London XI holding FC Barcelona 2-2 before losing 6-0 in the return.
• Other sports held at Stamford Bridge include rugby union, athletics, shinty, speedway, greyhound racing, cricket, baseball and American football.
• The huge and costly East Stand was built in 1973 with the rest of the stadium made all-seater in the 1990s after the ground was saved from redevelopment. Reconstruction meant the demolition of the famous Shed End but also the removal of the old track which had left some stands far from the action. A major office and hotel development was also part of this rebuilding process.
• Stamford Bridge will host a second European final when the UEFA Women's Champions League concludes there on 23 May 2013.
©UEFA.com 1998-2015. All rights reserved.
The UEFA Women's Champions League comprises a qualifying group stage, four rounds of two-legged knockout ties and a one-off final.
Qualifying round
The lower-ranked champion clubs compete in four-team, one-venue mini-tournaments hosted by one of the competitors.
Knockout phase
The qualifying round winners and two best runners-up join the teams given a bye past that stage in the round of 32. From hereon the competition consists of two-legged knockout ties, continuing with the round of 16, which is drawn along with the last 32. The draw for the remainder of the competition is then made, with quarter-finals and semi-finals played over two legs. If scores are level after 90 or 120 minutes of the second leg, the team with the most away goals wins, otherwise a penalty shoot-out is held.
The 2014/15 edition concludes at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in Berlin, the city which also stages the men's final.
Further details, including the criteria for separating teams that finish level on points in a group, can be found in the official competition regulations.


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Hastings Out
Good riddance to that. Avoiding what would have a been almost daily embarrassments coming out of the House Intelligence Committee with a Rep. Alcee Hastings as chairman, Speaker to be Nancy Pelosi told him that chairmanship would not be going to him. Hastings was upset and said so in a statement.
We're told negotiations about who will fill that slot are ongoing, and have been for several days. And that Hastings knew this was coming.
Look for Rep. Silvestre Reyes of Texas to get strong consideration. In fact, Pelosi may have already offered him the chairmanship before Hastings got the word that his rear would not be filling that seat.
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