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Nestled in the corner of downtown Sycamore, Illinois, Shawn's Coffee Shop and Gourmet Deli has been providing quality service and products since 1994. Serving up fresh, toasted bagels every morning and hearty soups and sandwiches at noon, Shawn's is the perfect rest stop. Stop in for a relaxing cup of coffee, catch up with old friends or swing by just to say hello. No matter the occasion, staff will be sure to greet you with a smile and serve you the tastiest treats! Let Shawn's Coffee Shop and Gourmet Deli cater your next event!
Sycamore Parkway Restaurant
Craving that home cooked meal that mom use to make? Well chances are the Sycamore Parkway Restaurant can meet your expectations! If not, they are sure you will not leave hungry or dissastisfied. There is something to satisfy everyone's palate on their menu. This is a restaurant where you can fill up on delicious food, without emptying your wallet.
China Buffet - Carpentersville
Great Chinese food - wide variety buffet.
The Huddle
The Huddle offers hot dogs, gourmet burgers, fries, smoothies, bubble teas, coffee and much much more! We are located close to Northern Illinois University and Downtown DeKalb. We strive for fresh and innovative alternatives to the fast food norm.
Five Points Pub
Five Points Pub gives you that hometown feel and homemade meal. Come in today for one of our daily specials or see some live entertainment on the weekends. We are open for lunch, dinner, and late night drinks!
Nancy's Pizza
Award Winning Pizza served in 4 crusts - 2 1/2' stuffed, 1 1/2" stuffed Lite, Original Thin, Super Thin. Also serving Appetizers, Salads, Pasta and Sandwiches. Pick Up - Delivery - Catering. Open Daily 10 AM. Complete menu available.
Szechwan Restaurant
Casual Chinese dining. Lunch buffet Tuesdays through Fridays. No MSG. Come visit our newly remodeled restaurant.
CITY:St. Charles
Village Pizza & Pub
Family Dining & Cocktails. Serving the Fox River Valley for over 30 years. Home of the double decker pizza & famous for our thin crispy crust.
Mcgruder's Irish Pub
Mcgruder's Irish Pub is the hottest new bar to hit the scene in Elgin. Come to enjoy the food and stay for the fun atmosphere.
Salerno's on the Fox Restaurant
For 35 years, when you spoke of great pizza, you were speaking of Salerno's. To continue the tradition, Salerno's offers authentic Italian favorities from family recipes.
CITY:St. Charles
The Jalapeno Grill
Try us for great authentic Mexican tacos and burritos, Chicago-style hot dogs, fresh cut fries, hamburgers and more. Open daily.
CITY:St. Charles
Sir Nick's Pizza
Great pizza.
Polka Dot Bakery
The Polka Dot Bakery creates beautiful artistic cakes. They can vary from carved cakes made to look like an object or character, smash cakes for a child's 1st birthday, wedding cakes to decorated cookies for all occasions. They also provide kitchen apparel and classes/events at their location.
Prime Bistro
Using grass-fed beef makes all the difference. It's half the cholesterol of a regular burger and includes some of the "good" fatty acids you can find in olive oil.
CITY:St. Charles
Ski's All American Pub
Whether you're looking for good food, a great time with friends, or just hanging out in an all around exciting atmosphere, then you've come to the right place. You name the event and Ski's All American Pub is the place to be. "Come for the food, stay for the fun." Try one of our delicious pizzas or come in for our all you can eat fish fry! Relax in our beer garden, or play a few rounds of darts! A private party room is available for up to 50 guests.
Chicago Prime Italian
Locally-owned Chicago Prime Italian is a warm & inviting, upscale casual restaurant. Enjoy the bold flavors & simple comforts of classic Italian fare featuring generous portions & fresh ingredients. Steak, veal, chops, fresh seafood & signature Italian dishes are complemented by the wine & cocktail menu. Seasonal outdoor patio.
Grand Victoria Buffet
If you believe what they say about variety, visit the Grand Victoria Buffet. You'll have an overwhelming selection of entrees, salads and desserts from which to choose. Bring your appetite!
Villa Verone
We have been offering you a taste of Italy for over 14 years. Come discover or rediscover the charms of Italy and Mamma's good cooking.
J&K Half Moon Tavern
J&K Half Moon Tavern staff will know you by name by the time you finish your meal. We strive to give you that true midwestern hospitality. Come in for our famous Oyster Sunday, or one of our many other specials! We take your dining experience to the next level. Try us out today!
Riccardo's Restaurant
Riccardo's Ristorante is a wonderful Italian restaurant with an amazing array of delicious meals. Old-fashioned Italian menu items and daily imaginative specials are sure to please everyone. Menu items are rich and fulfilling. Great place for family get-togethers or grabbing a pizza with friends.
Great American Grill, Hilton Garden Inn
Casual dining from hamburgers and sandwiches to steaks and seafood.
CITY:St. Charles
The Brown Pub
The Brown Pub is a favorite hang out for college students and locals. Stop by and check us out anytime! We have a full lunch menu plus daily specials. We also offer the full menu for dinner with weekend specials. There is a fully stocked liquor store inside the bar.
Charlie Fox's Di Fantastico
Premium carry-out & pizza delivery. Pasta, sandwiches, and more. Full service restaurant.
CITY:St. Charles
Prime BurgerHouse
You want a better burger? Than build it yourself at Prime BurgerHouse. Choose from a variety of toppings that range from the traditional to the exotic. Feel like something more intoxicating? Try one of Prime's sexy signature cocktails or specialty beers.
Nick's Pizza & Pub
Toss the shells of our complimentary peanuts on the ground while enjoying our fabulous pizza and sandwiches. Perfect for families!
Took Toom Thai
Great authentic Thai Food! Catering available or host your next private party in this fun atmosphere.
Latsis Bakery
Offering premium baked goods, specialty cakes, wedding cakes and lunch items, including soups, salads and sandwiches.
Town House Books & Cafe
Cafe connected to independent bookstore. Features homemade sandwiches, soups, salads, desserts, beer and wine.
CITY:St. Charles
Mr. Samurai Steakhouse
Authentic Japanese steakhouse, fresh sushi bar, hibachi grill and bar, tepan-yaki chef prepares right at your table.
CITY:St. Charles
Colonial Cafe East
Family owned since 1901, this family style restaurant is best known for its "Kitchen Sink" sundae. The restaurant is open daily for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and legendary ice cream.
CITY:St. Charles
Francesca's by the River
Contemporary, casually-sophisticated trattoria ambiance. Good, honest cooking, friendly service and fair prices. Our menu features the zesty earthy cuisine of Rome and the surrounding areas of Tuscany, Umba and Lazio.
CITY:St. Charles
Macarena Tapas
Modern Spanish Cuisine, with the creation of innovative dishes and a tour of classic tapas found throughout the bars of Spain. Macarena Tapas also features a crafted list of Spanish wines and Sangrias. Come and be part of the St. Charles Spanish Allure.
CITY:St. Charles
Gen-Hoe Restaurant
Authentic Cantonese & Szechwan style dishes featuring dim sum on Sundays.
Sweet Tomatoes - St. Charles
Salad bar with four specialty salads, fresh cut produce and all the fixings, full hot bakery, six made from scratch soups, three hot pastas, and dessert bar all for one low price. Buffet dining.
CITY:St. Charles
JC Sake
A family friendly Sushi-Chinese restaurant. You have the choice of take-out or dining in.
CITY:St. Charles
Isacco Kitchen
A modern Italian kitchen and late night bar in a family relaxed atmosphere.. Offers inside and outside dining and also provides full-service catering.
CITY:St. Charles
8000 Miles
8000 Miles menu is comprised of Chinese and Japanese small plates. Guests looking for a custom experience can talk to their server about the Sichuan written menu with authentic gems. An entire sushi menu will be available featuring fresh nigiri and sashimi and unique maki plates along with a vast variety of fresh vegetable dishes. 8000 Miles will offer a select menu of homemade desserts and a Group Share menu will also be available for tables of six or more guests along with a Gluten Free and Kids Menus
Wickets Bar and Grill
A Sports Bar and Restaurant with an Urban Vibe, a new addition to The Streets of Woodfield, next to Loews Theatre. Wickets offers an innovative and delicious menu of Starters, Flame Grilled Skewers, Brick Oven Flatbreads, Burgers, Sandwiches, Salads, Entrée's and Desserts. Enjoy a full bar with over two dozen Craft, Imported and Domestic Beers. Watch your favorite games on state of the art flat screen TV's, and a showpiece 159" projection screen. Enjoy our new Summer Special Menu while seated at our newly furnished outdoor patio seating. Wickets is open seven days per week for lunch and dinner. Free parking across the street in a covered garage and free WIFI.
Meatheads Burgers and Fries
The best meals are simple. At Meatheads Burgers & Fries we believe in a very simple process of getting a meal to your plate. All-natural burgers, made to order right here in our kitchen from 100% Certified Angus Beef®, topped with only the freshest ingredients and a locally-baked bun.
GameWorks Entertainment
GameWorks is the perfect place for your next event. You can eat, drink and play all under one roof! GameWorks has an awesome catering menu, private rooms and lounge areas, pool tables and state of the art video games. GameWorks provides options for groups of all sizes from 10 to 1200 guests.
Gramma's Family Restaurant & Pancake House
Breakfast and brunch seven days a week!
RAM Restaurant and Brewery
We offer a cozy setting for dining, an impressive bar as well as our own selection of delicious micro-brews made on-site. Our restaurant features a huge variety of menu choices. Banquet rooms available.
Richard Walker's
Our menu at Richard Walkers is sure to please even the fussiest of taste buds. From omelettes to pancakes to a full lunch menu, our chefs prepare only the finest food for your enjoyment.
Omega Restaurant
The Omega Restaurant in Schaumburg, IL is a friendly family owned business. At Omega, we use only the freshest ingredients to prepare hearty omelettes, crepes, skillets, and a wide array of other great breakfast favorites. We're also well known for a diverse selection of lunch and dinner items including American, Greek and Italian entrees.
Sweet Tomatoes
We offer a unique all-you-can-eat dining experience where you can create a meal tailored just for you. We have over 45 feet of fresh salad ingredients and 10 house-made dressings where you can build your own salad masterpiece. In addition, we serve a wide selection of homemade soups, pastas, baked breads and muffins, desserts and more.
Sake Sushi & Grill
Come in and try our delicious sushi!
Bend General Store
They are exclusively owned & managed by lifelong St. Charles residents. They have endeavored to embrace St. Charles past, and bring uniquely old world small town experience to our fellow residents.
CITY:St. Charles
Cool Mirchi
This casual, authentic Indian restaurant, the only Indian cuisine restaurant in Roselle welcomes you to enjoy the unique nostalgic flavors of Andhra, Hyderabadi, South Indian and North Indian dishes. As diverse as Indian culture, this restaurant was conceptualized with an idea to have all the best dishes Indian cuisine can offer. However, the pursuit was limited to what can be best done. The people behind this restaurant are those souls who were not really happy dining at different restaurants and felt there is something missing and felt they can make different food, your patronage and feedback on your dining experience with us will hopefully assist us in reaching our mission.
Minami Japanese Restaurant
Minami Japanese Restaurant in Streamwood offers dine-in and carry-out options for it's guests. Select from one of the many authentic Japanese dishes for either lunch or dinner.
Bulldog Ale House
Bulldog Ale House is a large American pub with over 32 beers of draft and daily drink specials. Bulldog Ale House also offers a wide variety of menu items from to pizza and wings to calamari!
Shahi Nihari
Delicious Pakistani food and banquet hall
Gaylord India Restaurant of Schaumburg
A blend of traditional and innovative awaits you at Gaylord Fine Indian Cuisine. Experience the finest food, which perfectly combines the ancient traditions and authentic flavors of India, fused with a unique ethnic edge in a casually sophisticated ambiance. All served to you with a style of service rooted in the finest eastern traditions.
Chevy's Fresh Mex
Chevys offers lunch and dinner menus daily along with an extensive list of margaritas, tequilas and wines. Chevys offers a wide variety of Mexican dishes with an emphasis on both traditional and innovative dishes.
On the Border Mexican Grill & Cantina
Today, you can get your hands on fresh-pressed tortillas, chips as big as your head, margaritas worth their salt, tableside guacamole and fresh Border-style food, all thanks to three pals—and a little tequila.
Chick N Shack
Dine In - Take Out - Local Delivery Let Chick'n Shack Cater your next party. OUR HOURS Tuesday, Wednesday 3:30 - 8:30 Thursday - Saturday 11:30 - 8:30 Sunday 11:30 - 7:00 Closed Mondays
Los Burritos Tapatios
Los Burritos Tapatios, located in Streamwood, has a variety of Mexican dishes and house specialities. They are open late for those after dinner cravings!
Top Table
Offers the finest dining selections including steak, seafood, chops. Visit for the food, stay for the atmosphere. There is a beautiful outdoor deck overlooking the Fox River to be enjoyed in warm weather.
CITY:St. Charles
Protein Bar
We do healthy...tastier with a commitment to flavor and great service. We know you're busy and want to take care of yourself at the same time—so we make it simple, fast, and delicious to fuel your body while allowing you to take care of the other things in your life. That's where PROTEIN BAR ® comes in! Our focus is on serving healthy, flavorful food in a hip, trendy environment quickly and efficiently so you can get back to your day. Our menu, our service style, and our stores are set up for quality, style, and speed. Whether breakfast, lunch, dinner, catering, or snack—we've got the menu to keep you satisfied and on track.
Bisi African Restaurant
What started as a dream at age 6 is now a reality in the form of Bisi African Restaurant. Bisi was raised by her grandmother who taught her the secrets and art of African cuisine and has over 20 years of experience preparing various African dishes. Your food is guaranteed to be fresh from the meat type to fresh produce because just like our slogan,"Fresh ingredients make delicious food".
Chef Vince's ZEAL
Zeal is a new restaurant in the Woodfield-Schaumburg area that serves a variety of dishes ranging from burgers and pasta to steak, prime rib, and fresh fish. All dinner entrees are served with fresh homemade soup and salad. The bar/lounge area serves fantastic drinks including specialty martinis.
The Greek Village
Come find a taste of Greece! Try traditional specialties like Leg of Lamb, Pastichio, Spanakotiropita, Dolmades, Loukoumades, and Moussaka. Belly Dancer every Friday and Saturday night followed by Live Music. Semi-private dining with party packages.
The Beer Market
The Beer Market is an old-world specialty beer pub with a lively, modern twist and charm. Featuring over 500+ microbrews, craft, flavored, organic, gluten-free, seasonal, and other specialty beers, wines, and beverages, The Beer Market is sure to quench the thirst of our distinguished guests. The wide variety of beverage choices are complemented by an open seating area and live entertainment delivered from our mezzanine stage.
Champps Bar and Grill
At Champps we've focused on redefining American Cuisine, so you get the best of both worlds. As soon as you walk into the door you feel the atmosphere oozing from our Champpions, ready and eager to serve a heaping portion of Burgers, Beer and Sports.
Old Crow Smokehouse
Oysters, Moonshine and Live Country Music at your very own Old Crow Smokehouse in Schaumburg!
Rosati's Pizza Schaumburg
Over 100 years ago Fred Rosati introduced his authentic Italian cooking style to the American consumer. Five generations later, the tradition continues. With authentic Chicago pizza. It is a must have!
Fireside Ale House
The Fireside Ale House is a family-owned and operated restaurant designed to offer guests an exceptional dining experience. By offering a menu of satisfying comfort foods prepared by an experienced kitchen, a beer and wine list numbering over 80 entries, and a congenial atmosphere, Fireside Ale House will be a favorite in the Western Suburbs for years to come.
Pilot Pete's
Caribbean setting with the view of Schaumburg airport. Great steaks, seafood and pasta. Great for groups, banquet facility up to 60 people.
Stir Crazy Fresh Asian Grill
Since 1995, Stir Crazy has been serving their Asian fare in a fun, vibrant atmosphere with a focus on fresh, quality ingredients and bold flavors to deliver a truly unique casual dining experience for its guests.
Pita BBQ
At Pita BBQ, every order is made with the freshest, organic ingredients available. Never frozen. Never pre-made. Always fresh off the grill.
BBQ Express
Started as a Trolley Trailer, now moved into a permanent location in Somonauk. 30 years in the food and beverage industry has provided them with the experience needed to offer excellent service and an undeniably mouth-watering menu using the freshest ingredients and a 4th generation BBQ recipe! everything from our famous Pulled Pork BBQ down to the handmade Creamy Coleslaw. Come experience their flavors that are BBQ Express!
Bull Moose Bar & Grille - Culinary Champion!
Winner of the Aurora Area's Best Burger Competition Bull Moose offers an inventive menu, with fresh, quality ingredients offered at affordable prices. The Bull Moose has taken on a Cheers-type atmosphere, becoming the local meeting place in town. The spectacular bar provides a great place for afternoon drinks or late night partying. •Award-winning Burgers •Unique Sandwiches •An array of Appetizers •Steaks & Ribs and other delicious entrees •Homemade Soups & Desserts •Great place for both Lunch & Dinner •A Full-service Bar & an Outdoor Patio •Wireless Internet & an ATM •Daily Specials & a NEW Lunch Specials Menu •Dine-In & Carry-Out
Cousins Pizza Pub
Cousins Pizza Pub located in Roselle, IL has rapidly grown into a popular neighborhood Sports Pub & Eatery. You will find that our menu includes a variety of appetizers, soups & salads, sandwiches and best of all... the neighborhood's best tasting pizza. If you're looking for an extra value meal, look for our special web coupons on our website.
Stonewood Ale House
Stonewood Ale House is the perfect balance between a classic restaurant and a great bar. Our extensive menu and comfortable atmosphere attracts a strong lunch and dinner clientele, while also appealing to a solid after work and late night bar crowd.
Village Tavern and Grill
Village Tavern & Grill, located in Schaumburg, IL, is the original neighborhood eatery and home of the "World Famous" Chicken Fingers. Opened in 1993 VTG has established itself as a premier dining spot for lunch and dinner in the northwest suburbs of Chicago. We pride ourselves in serving our guests quality food, with huge portions at affordable prices in a casual laid back atmosphere with fast friendly service.
Brunch Cafe
This contemporary breakfast and lunch cafe opened its doors in February 2008. You'll find plenty of breakfast basics here, but we're also well-known for our decadent twists on the regulars...like the stuffed french toast, blueberry bliss cakes and berry explosion waffle. You can also enjoy a delicious mimosa or bloody mary with breakfast, brunch, or lunch.
Silver Lake Chinese Restaurant
Using only the freshest hand picked ingredients and highest quality spices, owner and executive chef Brian Eng aspires to share his family's restaurants with all. Through the means of dine-in, carry-out, delivery, catering, and now online ordering, Silver Lake offers authentic Chinese cuisine cooked to order to satisfy you!
Maxfields Pancake House and Restaurant
Maxfield's provides a sampling of world cuisines, to traditional Bacon and Eggs, with generous portions at inexpensive prices including a selection of nutritious and healthful offerings. We serve breakfast, the most important meal of the day, and lunch specialties served hot and fresh from 6 A.M. to 4 P.M., 7 Days a Week
Shaw's Crab House
Shaw's is two restaurants in one – a jazzy, sophisticated, seafood restaurant and a carefree, lively oyster bar. Both serve top-grade fish and shellfish, several varieties of just-shucked oysters, and inventive sushi and sashimi combinations, made with the freshest fish in town.
Los Fernandez Taqueria
Los Fernandez Taqueria has been offering Streamwood authentic Mexican food for years. With quick service and plenty of options to choose from it is a great stop for lunch or dinner.
Pop's Pizza & Pub, Inc.
Come to Pop's, located in Roselle off Nerge Road and enjoy our daily specials. We have a huge sports bar with lots of HD plasma screen tvs and HD projectors to watch your favorite sports teams and catch all UFC, WEC and major pay-per-view fights. Great views from any seat, and we don't charge a cover!
Once we hand over your juicy masterpiece of a burger, you take it from there to Fuddruckers legendary Build Your Own® market fresh produce bar. It's stocked full of sun-ripened tomatoes, hand-leafed lettuce, sliced onions, dill pickles, pico de gallo, Fudds cheese sauce and lots of other fantastic fixins -- so go ahead, pile it high and make it all yours.
Tokio Pub
Tokio Pub blends the eclectic flavors of Japanese and American Pub cuisine, served in a richly-hued dining room with lively music, friendly service & a fun atmosphere.The flavors of Japan, Latin America and the U S of A are combined to create a unique pub menu. Try specialty Sushi, Tacos & our Signature Hot Rock. Don't forget to indulge in the House-made Ramen Noodle Bowls or Tokio Pub's famous Ramen Burger.
La Hacienda de Roselle
For more than 20 years, the family behind La Hacienda de Roselle has offered the most delicious and authentic Mexican food in the Chicago metropolitan area. In addition to the great deals on our regular menu, we also offer an extensive buffet that is sure to please even the pickiest eaters – check out our daily specials page for details on buffet availability and our other special offers.
UNO Pizzeria and Grill
UNO still makes their deep dish pizza fresh, from scratch every day. With the times, Uno® is adjusting its menu to how people want to live their lives. It will always be about amazing flavor and wonderful menus that have the right balance between indulgent treats and delicious and nutritious choices. Every guest can enjoy Uno® in a way that fits their mood and lifestyle.
LongHorn Steakhouse
LongHorn welcomes guests into a warm, relaxing atmosphere reminiscent of a Western rancher's home where friendly, attentive servers help them unwind and savor a great steakhouse meal.
Noodles Delight Chinese Restaurant
It is with great pleasure that we present to you "Noodles Delight". Our goal is to bring to you the finest Chinese cuisine accompanied with friendly service. Our menu design is inspired by the diverse flavors found from various regions of China. Only the freshest, top quality ingredients are meticulously selected and prepared for your enjoyment.
Ricky B's Prime Burger House
Our chefs pair diners with burgers made only with 100% USDA Prime beef, a rarity not only in Schaumburg, but Chicagoland and beyond. We don't stop at just quality beef, no sir. We also top every burger with fresh toppings, sourced locally, when available, and partner them with crispy fries. Our full-service bar quenches guests' thirsts with more than 100 beers, including 90 craft beers, 24 of which are on tap, and a full menu of cocktails and liquors.
California Pizza Kitchen
California Pizza Kitchen is a casual-dining restaurant serving up California creativity through its innovative menu items. CPK provides a range of inspired dishes, from hearth-baked pizzas, to creative salads, pastas, entrees, soups and sandwiches. Offering dine-in, take-out, catering, online ordering and an award-winning CPKids Menu.
IMPROV Comedy Club
The World famous Improv Comedy Showcase and Restaurant will give you the ultimate comedy experience! We are the premiere destination for the country's top headliners and the best showcase for new talent. The Improv offers you a first class dinner menu with a full bar. This amazing new club seats 500, with a corporate sky box accommodating up to 50 people, and corporate meeting space.
Jambalaya Restaurant-Night Club
Distinctive American food with a Creole Influence. Live entertainment Friday and Saturdays. Located adjacent to the authentic Bourbon Street in Pheasant Run Resort.
CITY:St. Charles
5-B's Catering
Since 1979, 5-B's has served over a million meals in the Greater Chicago Area and surrounding suburbs. This long tradition of food service has allowed them to be a part of many special events and activities. Through these events they've have met wonderful people and grown in their desire to serve their customers with the best food around with service that is second to none. Their style of food and service can be defined as a taste of old fashioned home cooking with a country flair. Their specialty is outdoor grilling, but their menu can accommodate any tastes or style. Whether your event is large or small, the staff will work with you to formulate the best food and presentation to meet your needs and exceed your expectations.
Buffalo Wild Wings
Three things: Wings. Beer. Sports.™ Why do those three things matter to us so much? Because that's what our fans want, and that's what we're all about—making our fans happy. No matter how many locations we've opened, where our corporate headquarters are or how many years we've been around one thing remains the same: Buffalo Wild Wings® is the ultimate place to get together with you friends, watch sports, drink beer and eat wings.
Wings, clams, sandwiches, seafood and the famous Hooters girls. Have a specialty cocktail to wash down your wings. Catering available!
Tom & Jerry's - DeKalb
Known as "King of the Gyros" and available for dine in, carry out, drive thru, or ALL DAY DELIVERY, Tom & Jerry's has been serving up great eats in DeKalb county for over 30 years! Homemade Italian Beef Sandwiches, All Beef Chicago Red Hot Dogs, Homemade Soups, Garden Fresh Salads, Baby Back Ribs, Fried Chicken & Wings, Milk Shakes, Avalanches, Floats, & Much, much more! Kids eat for $2.95 everyday! Delicious HOMEMADE Catering available! ALL DAY DELIVERY
Aspen Leaf Frozen Yogurt
With so many flavors of frozen yogurt and over 70 toppings your options are endless. Whether you prefer tart and tangy flavors, dairy-free sorbets, non-fat, low-fat or no-sugar-added varieties, you'll agree it's almost like eating premium ice cream. Their frozen yogurt is packed with live and active cultures so it's great for your immune system and digestive system health too! And they are the only frozen yogurt shop that has Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory candy pieces!
The Confectionary
Tom and Sharon Smith and their son Todd have made a full line of chocolates since 1982. Besides creams, clusters, toffee and caramels, we also make hard to find pieces including divinity, chocolate dipped ginger, sponge candy (seasonally) and sugar free chocolate clusters (made with real chocolate). Our batches are small and much of the work is done the old fashioned way: by hand.


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Dustin Fletcher: the 10 best performances
Rohan Connolly 3:27 PM In Saturday night's annual Dreamtime clash, 40-year-old Dustin Fletcher becomes just the third man to play 400 games alongside Michael Tuck and Kevin Bartlett.
FIFA Arrests
Blatter faces World Cup boycott if elected
Ben Rumsby 6:41 PM A defiant Sepp Blatter refused to accept blame for FIFA's biggest ever crisis.
FFA will vote to oust Blatter
Dominic Bossi and Nick Miller 7:01 AM FFA will throw their support behind Blatter's only challenger in the wake of the latest corruption scandal.
World Cup bid likely to come under review
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Top Stories
Blues no chance against Sydney: bookies
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Kokkinakis ousts Tomic from French Open
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AFL rejects anti-tampering rule
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President's letter was self-serving: Malthouse
Daniel Cherny 9:42 PM AFL Sacked Carlton coach Mick Malthouse has slammed the 'negative' and 'self-serving' letter to the club's members sent by Blues president Mark LoGiudice on Monday.
Carlisle expected to take on Tigers
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Hogan has swagger - and he is not alone
Wayne Carey 7:27 PM COMMENT He has swagger, and he has the potential to be great. If one story I've been told is correct, the Melbourne faithful have every right to believe.
Hawks missed a chance to stop Goodes boos
Caroline Wilson 8:08 PM COMMENT A series of unscheduled but high level conversations behind the glass at the MCG last Saturday night underlined the complexities around the booing of the dual Brownlow Medallist.
Marsh's timely ton for first Windies Test
Ed Jackson 8:30 AM CRICKET Shaun Marsh has surely sealed his place in Australia's first Test line-up after scoring a unbeaten century on day two of the tour match against a WICB President's XI in Antigua.
Minson's lesson learnt as Dogs flag change
Jon Pierik 1:35 PM AFL While the AFL says it has no issue with the handling of the Will Minson case, Bulldogs coach Luke Beveridge believes it may be time for the rules involving players touching an umpire be revised.
England's bowlers swinging it like 2005
Michael Vaughan 9:57 AM CRICKET I was buzzing over display at Lord's because collective effort was exactly what will be needed against Australia in the upcoming Ashes series.
Minson to play, Blues lose big names
Daniel Cherny 9:25 PM Western Bulldogs ruckman Will Minson will play against GWS on Saturday after the VFL appeals board overturned his four-match suspension for umpire contact.
Sloane close to deal with Adelaide
Jake Niall 7:47 PM Adelaide's highly sought midfielder, Rory Sloane, is close to signing a long-term contract with the Crows, rebuffing Victorian clubs.
FIFA probe: Buck will stop with Lowy
Michael Lynch COMMENT FFA chairman due to fly into FIFA maelstrom in Switzerland on Thursday – and Australian fans will be waiting to hear what he plans to do in scheduled presidential election.
Rising Australians face Djokovic and Murray
8:55 AM Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray reached the French Open third round on Thursday, setting up intriguing clashes with Australian youngsters Thanasi Kokkinakis and Nick Kyrgios.
Gayle expected to play BBL over Boxing Day
Jesse Hogan 7:59 PM The absence of Chris Gayle from the West Indies' looming series with Australia is set to be replicated for Australia's home summer, with his Big Bash League duties expected to take precedence.
A first look at Golden State v Cleveland
Benjamin Hoffman 11:27 AM With the conference finals wrapping up quickly, the NBA finds itself in an awkward situation: There will be a record seven days between post-season basketball games.
Rugby Union
Complacency not an option for Waratahs against Lions
Georgina Robinson 6:48 PM Kurtley Beale says the Waratahs have steeled themselves against complacency heading into a vital highveld clash with the "dangerous" Lions in Johannesburg.
Rugby League
Gallen set to finish career at Sharks
Brad Walter 5:19 PM Paul Gallen gives Sharks double boost with new contract and return from injury.
Diamonds coach Alexander confirmed to 2019
Linda Pearce 1:50 AM Among the messages Diamonds coach Lisa Alexander conveyed to her leadership group during their monthly conference call was her imminent four-year contract extension.
Horse Racing
Brendan McCarthy suspended three months
Trainer Brendan McCarthy has been suspended for three months after pleading guilty to race-day treatment charges.
Payback time for Contador at Giro
Rupert Guinness 1:04 PM Alberto Contador and his Tinkoff-Saxo teammates turn the tables on their rivals in another controversial day at the Giro.
More Sport
Rory McIlroy's Irish Open nightmare
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Bowditch leads US PGA event in Texas
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Boxer facing domestic violence allegations
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Victory claim third A-League crown
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Parker kicks five for winning Swans
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David Warner's IPL wonder catch
David Warner takes a spectacular diving catch in his man-of-the-match performance against Bangalore.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
User CommentsPhillipp Sauermann
, Phillipp is Producer, Director, CGI artist, and even involved in constructing sets for his project TYDIRIUM.
TYDIRIUM is a rarity in the fan film world. Phillipp has put together a crew full of professionals. They are implenting professional techniques with professional standards in the areas of: matte paintings, blue screening, CGI, practical effects, compositing, etc. Not to mention a really interesting story with good acting.
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NEW Jurassic World Trailer
Jurassic World.
Batman v Superman LEAKED Trailer
Batman v Superman Trailer LEAK
NEW Star Wars Trailer & Battlefront & Terminator
Added A Wing R-22 Spearhead by Adam Burch.
Added Star Wars Battlefront 3 - Wallpaper by Electronic Arts DICE.
If you've been under a rock there's a new FORCE AWAKENS Trailer.
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New TERMINATOR trailer too.
SCIFI3D back up and running.
Shout Out to Richard for helping resolve the issues. Seems GoDaddy had messed up our folder privs.
Batman VS Darth Vader
I've never seen this before. So just in case somebody else missed it too here it is Batman VS Darth Vader.
Star Wars 7 inspired short
Nice quality short inspired by the Star Wars 7 Teaser using models from SCIFI 3D.
Incredible SPAWN fan film
Spawn: The Recall. Created in 2 years on 1 computer.
New StarWars.com site.
I guess they have updated and reopened StarWars.com
Lorenzo Mangogna Gallery Day
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"Remember Me" concept 2 by Paul Chadeisson.


text:
Let me put it gentle, you're not on my level; you're just past your expiration
from Void – Void on Genius
Femi just lays out there, your not on my level. Your past your prime!
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text:
Cell-surface glycoproteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and regulation, thus being crucial in cell proliferation and cancer etiogenesis and development. DPP IV and NEP are ubiquitous glycopeptidases closely linked to tumor pathogenesis and development, and they are used as markers in some cancers. In the present study, the activity and protein and mRNA expression of these glycoproteins were analysed in a subset of clear-cell (CCRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytomas (RO).
Peptidase activities were measured by conventional enzymatic assays with fluorogen-derived substrates. Gene expression was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR and membrane-bound protein expression and distribution analysis was performed by specific immunostaining.
The activity of both glycoproteins was sharply decreased in the three histological types of renal tumors. Protein and mRNA expression was strongly downregulated in tumors from distal nephron (ChRCC and RO). Moreover, soluble DPP IV activity positively correlated with the aggressiveness of CCRCCs (higher activities in high grade tumors).
These results support the pivotal role for DPP IV and NEP in the malignant transformation pathways and point to these peptidases as potential diagnostic markers.
Although never demonstrated in human, a wide variety of factors have been reported to be involved in renal cancer development in experimental animals [1]. Clinical data support that Renal Cell Carcinomas (RCCs) are neoplasms with high prevalence and mortality rates [2]. Histologically, they represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with different behavior and prognosis ranging from benign tumors to extremely aggressive cancers who have been reclassified in the last WHO classification of renal tumors [3]. However, the underlying phenomena related with the wide prognostic spectrum of this group of tumors are a permanent matter of debate far to be understood. To date, there is no clinical marker to detect the disease in the asymptomatic potentially curable phase nor to predict with reliability the clinical course of every case. Only classical parameters like histological type, stage and grade may help for such a purpose, but depending on the clinical setting and other patient's circumstances, many individual cases often escape the general rules of tumor behavior making necessary the discovering of more predictable parameters.
The increased knowledge of these tumors has led to the implication of several proteinases in its genesis, growth and dissemination, and most efforts have been directed towards the understanding of the role of matrix metalloproteinases [4,5]. However, very little is known about the implication of other proteinases such as peptidases.
Several peptidases are well-known membrane-bound glycoproteins which present a demonstrated potential as prognostic and diagnostic markers in solid tumors. Among them, two glycopeptidases have been broadly related to exert pivotal roles in cancer pathophysiology; dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), identical with CD26 or gp110-EC 184.108.40.206-, and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), also CD10 or CALLA glycoprotein-EC 22.214.171.124 - [6-8].
Normally, DPP IV and NEP act as regulatory proteins in cancer progression and development by modulating the effects of biologically active peptides, but eventually, they also can act as proteinases which execute extracellular matrix degradation [6,7].
DPP IV is a 110-kDa ectoenzyme that belongs to the serine protease family. It is widely expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells, several critical chemokines and cytokines being its natural substrates [9].
NEP is a 90-110 kDa membrane-bound glycoprotein which is normally expressed in most mammalian tissues and belongs to the M13 family of zinc peptidases. Natural substrates for NEP are enkephalins, angiotensins, bradykinin, tachykinins, oxytocin, endothelin-1, bombesin and bombesin-like peptides [7,10].
Aside from its ability to regulate the effect of biological factors through its enzymatic activity, several data suggest that both glycoproteins exert other functions which contribute to tumor etiopathogenesis. Thus, NEP can influence by itself some signal transduction pathways that regulate cell-growth, migration, and apoptosis [7], and DPP IV may work as a functional collagen receptor with roles in T-cell activation in thymic ontogeny [6] and also regulate tumor cell behavior through interaction with fibroblast activation protein-α[11].
DPP IV and NEP biological actions are being increasingly elucidated in the last years and their role in renal tumor genesis and development is an emerging issue with potential clinical implications
Some of our previous studies in this field have demonstrated that membrane-bound peptidases, including two glycoproteins (APA/gp160 and APN/gp150), could be involved in renal cancer etiogenesis. In particular, we have described a striking reduction in the activity of APA, APN and APB peptidases, which could be related to the histogenetic origin of the most frequent renal tumor subtypes [12,13].
In this manuscript, we present the metabolic and expression profiling of DPP IV and NEP glycoproteins in three main histological types of renal tumors (covering 80% of these neoplasms), namely CCRCC, ChRCC and RO. Additionally, this profiling is also presented in different CCRCC grades and stages, two key histopathological parameters for tumor prognosis [3].
The authors declare that all the experiments carried out in this study comply with current Spanish and European Union laws and conform to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Renal tissue specimens and sample storage
We analyzed renal tissue in a series from 75 patients with CCRCC (60 male, 15 female; mean age: 63 years), 10 patients with ChRCC (4 male, 6 female; mean age: 65 years) and 8 patients with RO (6 male, 2 female; mean age: 68 years). Patient consent and Hospital Ethics Committee approval were obtained a priori. Fresh tissue samples were obtained from surgical specimens from renal tumor patients. Tumor and normal (surrounding uninvolved tissue) areas were obtained in all cases. For RT-PCR studies, tissue samples were immersed in RNAlater (Ambion, Huntingdon, UK) immediately after dissection and stored at -80°C until use. For activity studies, tissue samples were embedded in OCT, frozen in isopentane, and stored at -80°C until the enzyme assays were performed. In addition, selected tissue samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for immunohistochemistry assay of DPP IV and NEP and for histopathological diagnosis. The 2004 WHO histological classification of adult renal cell tumors [3], the 2002 TNM Edition for tumor staging [14], and the Furhman's method for grading [15] were used for performing the histopathological diagnoses.
Quantitation of DPP IV and NEP Catalytic Activity
Sample preparation
Explanted tissue samples were homogenized in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, for 30 seconds at 800 rpm using a Heidolph PZR 50 Selecta homogenizer and ultracentrifuged in a Centrikon T-2070 Kontron Instruments apparatus at 100,000 g for 35 min. The resulting supernatants were used to measure soluble DPP IV activity, which is a truncated form of membrane-bound DPP IV/CD26 lacking some residues in the N-terminal aminoacids [16]. To avoid contamination with soluble enzymes, the resulting pellets were washed three times by suspension in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4. The pellets were then homogenized in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, and centrifuged at low speed (1,500 g) for 1 min to purify the nucleus from the samples. The supernatants thus obtained were used to determine particulate enzyme activities and protein concentrations. All steps were carried out at 4°C.
Enzyme assays
All reagents used in these assays were purchased by Sigma-Aldrich®, Spain division.
DPP IV activity was measured in triplicate by using H-Gly-Pro-β-naphthylamide as substrate, following the method of Liu and Hansen [17]. The NEP assay was carried out by incubating samples with a saturating concentration of N-Dansyl-D-Ala-Gly-pNOH2-Phe-Gly ([D]AG(pN)PG, a Dansyl derivative), following the method of Florentin et al. (1984) [18].
These assays are based on the fluorescence of products generated from the hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme. Reactions were initiated by adding 30-50 μL of sample to 1 mL of the appropriate incubation mixture (50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, and 0.2 mM aminoacyl-β-naphthylamide or 0.125 mM [D]AG(pN)PG). After 30 min incubation at 37°C, 1 mL of 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.2) was added to the mixture to terminate the reaction. The released product was determined by measuring the fluorescent intensity (at 412 nm with excitation at 345 nm for β-naphthylamine, and at 562 nm with excitation at 342 nm for [D]AG) with a Shimadzu RF-540 Spectrofluorophotometer. Blanks were used to determine background fluorescence. The relative fluorescence was converted into picomoles of product using a standard curve constructed with increasing concentrations of β-naphthylamine or [D]AG.
Protein determination
Protein concentration was measured in triplicate by the method of Bradford, using BSA (1 mg/mL) as the calibrator. The results were recorded as units of peptidase (UP) per milligram of protein. One unit of peptidase activity is the amount of enzyme necessary to release one pmol of fluorogenic product per minute (pmol/min). Fluorogenic assays were linear with respect to hydrolysis time and protein content.
Quantitation of DPP IV and NEP mRNA expression
RNA isolation
Quantitative RT-PCR for detecting DPP IV and NEP mRNA (DPP4 and MME genes respectively) was performed to assess the transcription levels of these peptidases. To avoid any RNA degradation only samples that were immediately immersed in RNAlater after dissection were used in these experiments. Hence, total RNA of tumor and non-tumor tissue samples from 26 CCRCC (21 male, 5 female; mean age: 63 years), 6 ChRCC (2 male, 4 female; mean age: 63 years) and 4 RO (4 male, 0 female; mean age: 63 years) patients was isolated following a standard protocol as previously described [19]. Briefly, after homogenization of the samples, total RNA was isolated with TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany) according to the manufacturers manual, using approximately 50 mg frozen tissue per milliliter TRIzol.
Real-time quantitative RT-PCR Analysis
First-strand cDNA was synthesized from 25 μg of total RNA of each human sample using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase and random hexamers according to the manufacturer's instructions (First-strand cDNA Synthesis Kit, Amersham Biosciences, Essex, UK). The resulting cDNA samples were amplified by PCR with specific oligonucleotide primer pairs designed with the analysis software Primer 3 [20]. Based on previous experiments on human renal cell carcinoma [19,21] and other human tissues [22,23] we chose TATA box binding protein (TBP), peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), β-actin (ACTB) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A (SDHA) as endogenous reference genes. The sequence of the primers used to amplify DPP4, MME and the four housekeeping genes are shown in Table 1. All primers were synthesized and purified by Sigma-Genosys (Cambridge, UK).
Table 1. Sequence of forward (F) and reverse primers (R) of indicated target genes and the size expected for each PCR-amplified product.
The expression of the housekeeping genes, DPP4 and MME was quantified in all cDNAs by real-time PCR using the iCycler iQ real-time detection apparatus (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Dilutions of the cDNA template were prepared from each tissue and amplified in triplicate using SensiMix Plus SYBR + FLUORESCEIN (Quantace Ltd., London, UK). Three negative controls (with no template, no reverse transcriptase and no RNA in the reverse transcriptase reaction) were also included in each plate to detect any possible contamination. After a hot start (10 min at 94°C), the parameters used for PCR amplification were: 10 s at 94°C, 20 s at 60°C and 30 s at 72°C, for 50 cycles.
Real-time PCR data were expressed as the fold change of the target gene expression relative to the geometric mean (g.m.) mRNA expression of the housekeeping genes in each sample, as described by Vandesompele et al. [24]. The fold change in gene expression was calculated by the formula: 2-ΔCT, where CT is the threshold cycle, calculated by the iCycler software, ΔCT = (CTtarget gene - CTg.m. reference genes) and ΔΔCT = (ΔCTtest sample - ΔCTcontrol sample).
For each type of renal tumor, paired malignant (tumor) and uninvolved surrounding samples (normal) from the same patient were always measured in the same analytical run to exclude between-run variations. PCR data obtained in one of the normal kidney samples were arbitrarily chosen as control, and this sample was included in all PCR experiments to correct for possible interassay variations. As was for the enzymatic activities, an additional assay-set was performed to compare expression levels of MME and DPP4 between different grades and stages in CCRCC samples.
As indicated in previous works, specifically in the field of RCCs, expressions measured in these systems may not always be normally distributed. Thus, we performed a D'Agostino & Pearson omnibus normality test. Since expression data for the three tumor types fitted to a Gaussian distribution, the unpaired t test was applied for all significance calculations.
Semiquantitative evaluation of DPP IV and NEP expression in renal tumors
Conventional tissue samples from patients with different tumor-phenotypes (CCRCC; ChRCC; RO) and their normal tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for DPP IV/CD26 (Abcam plc, Cambridge, UK) at 1:250 working dilution, and a rabbit monoclonal antibody specific for NEP/CD10 (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK) at 1:30 working dilution.
Briefly, endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubating the slides in 3% hydrogen peroxide in absolute methanol for 10 minutes. Antigen retrieval was carried out in citrate buffer (10 mM, pH = 6) for 15 minutes at 100°C in a microwave oven. The primary antibody was applied for 1 hour at room temperature. A subsequent reaction was performed with secondary antobodies and biotin-free HRP enzyme labeled polymer of the EnVision-plus detection system (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Nonspecific IgG was used as a negative control. A positive reaction was visualized with diaminobenzydine solution followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin.
Clinical evaluation
All the sections were evaluated microscopically by using conventional techniques in the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology. A section was considered negative or positive according to the absence or presence of staining. Two independent observers blinded from the clinical data analyzed separately the immunostaining reactions for both peptidases. Positive immunoreactivity was assessed by the relative intensity of staining in the sample. Thus the immunostaining results were divided into 4 categories: negative (-; lack of specific staining); mild staining (+); moderate staining (++); intense staining (+++). Respectively, each positive staining was subdivided into 2 categories: diffuse staining; focal staining.
Statistical analyses
Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS©. Unpaired Student's t test was performed to detect differences between uninvolved tissues and tumors, as well as among low and high grades and stages. Statistically significant differences were considered at p < 0.05.
DPP IV and NEP activity profile in renal tumors
Data obtained in the activity assays of both glycoproteins across the different tumor types and in stratified CCRCC are given in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 1. Soluble (A) and membrane-bound DPP IV (B), and NEP (C) peptidase activity profiles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) and renal oncocytoma (RO). Columns compare tumor with non-tumor surrounding tissue (normal). Values represent mean ± SE of units of peptidase (UP) per milligram of protein.
Figure 2. Soluble (s) and membrane-bound DPP IV (A), and NEP (B) peptidase activity profiles in different grades and stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Columns compare high grade (G3-G4) and stage (T3-T4) tumors with low grade (G1-G2) and stage (T1-T2) tumors. Values represent mean ± SE of units of peptidase (UP) per milligram of protein.
Figure 1 shows DPP IV and NEP activities measured in tumor and non-tumor tissue (normal) of CCRCC (n = 75), ChRCC (n = 10) and RO (n = 8) patients. Activity is recorded as pmol of product/min/mg protein (UP/mg protein) and presented as mean ± SE.
As shown in Figure 1A, when compared with non-tumor tissues, soluble DPP IV activity decreased significantly (fivefold) only in chromophobe carcinomas. Values for the soluble DPP IV activities in CCRCC and in RO did not vary significantly.
The membrane-bound DPP IV activity in renal tumors (Figure 1B) decreased significantly in all tumor types we analyzed (CCRCC, ChRCC and RO) when compared with the normal tissue samples. Loss of activity was slight in CCRCC (twofold), whereas it drastically decreased in the ChRCC (sixteenfold) and, although in a lesser intensity, in the RO (sixfold).
With respect the NEP activity, it is shown in Figure 1C. As in the case of the aforementioned membrane-bound glycoprotein, NEP activity decreased significantly in CCRCC (fourfold), ChRCC (fivefold) and RO (sevenfold) when compared with the normal tissue samples. We did not detect any NEP activity in the soluble fraction (data not shown).
Figure 2 represents DPP IV and NEP activity in the different stages and grades of CCRCC group (Low grade: G1-G2, n = 38 vs High grade: G3-G4., n = 37; Low stage: T1-T2, n = 48 vs High stage: T3-T4, n = 27). Activity is recorded as pmol of product/min/mg protein (UP/mg protein) and presented as mean ± SE.
The study of DPP IV yielded significant results (Figure 2A). After stratification by grade, soluble (s)DPP IV activity was twofold significantly decreased in CCRCCs with a low Furhman's grade in comparison to those clear cell carcinomas in a higher grade. Statistical analyses of grading for cell surface DPP IV (DPP IV/CD26) and staging for both soluble and membrane-bound DPP IV activities were not significant.
In Figure 2B, NEP activities in graded and staged CCRCCs are shown. No significant changes were found after stratification of this activity.
Quantitative DPP IV and NEP expression profile in renal tumors
Data obtained in the qRT-PCR assays of both glycoproteins across the different tumor types and in stratified CCRCC are given in Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 3. mRNA levels of DPP IV (A) and NEP (B) measured in tumour and nontumour tissue (normal) for CCRCC (n = 16), ChRCC (n = 6) and RO (n = 4) patients. RT-PCR data for each analyzed sample are recorded as relative units. The mean ± SE, p values and "normal/tumour" ratio of expression levels are also represented. *Statistically significant. ns no significant.
Figure 4. mRNA levels of DPP IV (A) and NEP (B) measured in different grades and stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). RT-PCR data for each analyzed sample are recorded as relative units. The mean ± SE, p values and "normal/tumour" ratio of expression levels are also represented. *Statistically significant. ns no significant.
Figure 3 shows the DPP IV and NEP mRNA levels measured in tumour and nontumour tissue (normal) for CCRCC (n = 26), ChRCC (n = 6) and RO (n = 4) patients. RT-PCR data for each analyzed sample are recorded as relative units, as calculated by the ΔΔCT method. The mean ± SE, p values and "normal/tumour" ratio of expression levels are also represented.
Significant decreases of expression levels were only observed in the ChRCC when compared with the normal tissue. Thus, DPP IV relative expression (Figure 3A) decreased fortysixfold in chromophobe RCCs, whereas NEP mRNA levels (Figure 3B) decreased sixtysevenfold in the same tumor-type.
Changes were not significant for DPP IV (Figure 3A) nor NEP expression (Figure 3B) in CCRCC and RO tumors when compared with their corresponding normal tissues. However, such as in activity assays, a decreasing trend of mRNA levels was also observed for DPP IV in RO and for NEP in CCRCC and RO. Thus, as shown in Figure 3A, DPP IV expression did not change in CCRCC, and it decreased twofold in RO. NEP expression levels (Figure 3B) decreased twofold in CCRCC and thirtyfold in RO.
Figure 4 shows the DPP IV and NEP mRNA levels measured in the different grades and stages of CCRCC group (Low grade: G1-G2, n = 12 vs High grade: G3-G4, n = 14; Low stage: T1-T2, n = 16 vs High stage: T3-T4, n = 10). RT-PCR data for each analyzed sample are recorded as relative units, as calculated by the ΔΔCT method. The mean ± SE, p values and "normal/tumour" ratio of expression levels are also represented.
We did not find significant variations of expression in CCRCC related to its stratification in grades and stages, either in DPP IV (Figure 4A) nor in NEP mRNA levels (Figure 4B).
Membrane-bound protein expression (Semiquantitative Immunostaining)
DPPIV and NEP immunostaining distribution in renal tumours and normal kidney is presented in Table 2 and in Figures 5, 6 and 7. Semiquantitative features recorded in this table were the relative intensity of specific staining for both DPP IV and NEP glycoproteins (negative, mild, moderate, intense), and the distribution of that staining (diffuse, focal), in tumor types.
Table 2. Semiquantitative evaluation of renal tumors. (-) Negative immunostaining; (+) Mild immunostaining; (++) Moderate immunostaining; (+++) Intense immunostaining.
Figure 5. Immunohistochemistry of DPP IV and NEP in renal tumors. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of CCRCC (A), ChRCC (D) and RO (G). DPP IV/CD26 staining of CCRCC (B), ChRCC (E) and RO (H). NEP staining of CCRCC (C), ChRCC (F) and RO (I). Tissues magnification at 400×.
Figure 6. Immunohistochemistry of DPP IV and NEP in normal renal tissue. DPP IV immunostainings are selectively located in proximal tubules. Tissues magnification at 400×
Figure 7. Immunohistochemistry of DPP IV and NEP in normal renal tissue. NEP immunostainings are selectively located in proximal tubules. Tissues magnification at 400×
DPP IV specific staining was moderate and diffuse in the CCRCC (Figure 5B), however there was not immunoreaction to this cell-surface protein in the ChRCC (Figure 5E) nor in the RO (Figure 5H).
In contrast, immunostaining for NEP was positive in all the tumor-types we analyzed. Thus, NEP staining was intense and diffuse in the CCRCC (Figure. 5C), whereas it was mild and focal in both ChRCC (Figure 5F) and RO (Figure 5I).
A positive immunostaining with DPPIV/CD26 (Figure 6) and NEP/CD10 (Figure 7) was found in the proximal tubules of normal kidney. Conversely, distal tubules were negative.
In this manuscript we assessed DPP IV and NEP catalytic activitiy, membrane-bound expression, and mRNA levels in a subset of renal tumors and found that both glycoproteins were selectively altered in neoplastic tissue. Enzyme activities were significantly decreased in the tumor tissue of all histological types, a trend which was especially sharp in ChRCC and RO. With respect to protein expression, DPP IV and NEP were down-regulated in ChRCC and RO, whereas CCRCC showed a moderate to strong immunostaining. This pattern was similar to that observed at mRNA levels. Thus, the relative expression of DPP4 (DPP IV transcriptome) and MME (NEP transcriptome) genes were found to be strongly decreased in ChRCC samples (DPP IV: ↓ fortysixfold, NEP: ↓ sixtysevenfold; tumor vs normal) and, although no statistically significant, slightly to strongly down-regulated in RO (DPP IV: ↓ twofold, NEP: ↓ thirtyfold; tumor vs normal). In contrast, mRNA levels for both glycoproteins did not significantly vary in CCRCC when compared with its normal tissue.
A main result in this work is that both glycoproteins showed a distinct pattern when compared tumors with the normal sorrounding tissues. DPP IV and NEP activities were markedly decreased in all tumor subtypes, and protein and mRNAs were strongly down-regulated in ChRCC and RO. These results agree with previous studies indicating that modifications in the activity and expression profiles of DPP IV and NEP are key events in malignant tumors, pointing to an involvement of these proteins in tumor cell growth, local invasion and metastasis [7,25-27]; and, in addition, this study extend that role of both peptidases to the renal tumors. Moreover, the present manuscript shows that the modifications affecting DPP IV and NEP profiles along the different phenotypes of renal cancer are similar to those we observed in our previous studies on other membrane-bound peptidases, such as IRAP, APN and APA [12,13,28], and thus reinforces the idea that loss of several physiologically significant glycopeptidases may be a critical step in the etiogenesis of renal tumors. To support this fact, it has been described that membrane-bound ectopeptidases can affect, in solid tumors, cellular events classically shown to be influenced by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other secreted proteases [27].
This study also demonstrates a different DPP IV and NEP protein and mRNA expression depending on tumor type. Immunostaining in normal renal tissue revealed that both enzymes were exclusively located in the proximal nephron, the proposed site of origin of CCRCC [3], which showed moderate to intense positivity. Conversely, protein expression and mRNA levels of tumors supposedly derived from the distal nephron (ChRCC and RO) were markedly down-regulated. This work agrees with previous studies [29-34] and further supports the theory of the different origin of tumors along the nephron proposed in the 2004 WHO classification [3].
The exact role that DPP IV plays in different cancers remains unclear, partially due to its variable expression along the different tumor-types. Thus, both up- and down-regulation of this protein have been described depending on the studied tumor and organ [6,26]. With respect to the relationship between DPP IV expression and cancer, the unique example of a clear causal effect is seen in human melanocytes where the loss of DPP IV is invariably associated with malignant transformation [35]. We also have observed a down-regulation in the activity and expression of this glycoprotein in renal tumors, and in this sense our results agree with those described in the human melanoma [36].
DPP IV is a glycoprotein which presents demonstrated pleiotropic effects, and it is likely that this multifunction accounts for its varied roles in different cancers. Thus, there may be two main mechanisms by which DPP IV affects cellular function: on one hand its catalytic activity on bioactive peptides and, on the other hand, its direct interaction with certain molecules located outside the cells [9,26,36]. This feature makes difficult to ascertain which is the exact way DPP IV plays in cancer, and further investigations are required to elucidate the concrete molecular mechanisms of this glycopeptidase in renal tumor biology.
DPP IV has been commonly described as a membrane-bound peptidase, but the expression and activity of soluble isoforms have been reported in body fluids and in cytosolic fractions [6,37,38]. Previous studies have reported altered soluble DPP IV activities in several neoplasms, suggesting the potential value of this enzyme as a prognostic variable of cancer patients [6,39]. In this sense, we have found that soluble DPP IV activity significantly decreased (twofold) in low grade CCRCCs (G1-G2) when compared with their more aggressive counterparts (high grade: G3-G4). In addition, although no statistically significant, we also observed a decreasing trend between activities of different CCRCC stages in both soluble (22%↓; low vs high stage) and membrane-bound DPP IV (19%↓; low vs high stage). A similar phenomenon has been observed previously with other peptidases and kallikreins in renal carcinomas [13,36,40], suggesting that these proteases may predict a poor disease outcome in RCC.
Several authors have referred to the potentiality of NEP/CD10 as diagnostic marker in the RCCs [29,30]. Thus, NEP (CD10) is a useful immunohistochemical marker in the identification of proximal nephron-derived carcinomas such as CCRCC [31], and usually shows negative immunostaining in distal nephron-derived tumors like ChRCC [32]. However, although the immunohistochemical expression patterns of NEP along the renal cancer have been broadly documented, works on activity and mRNA profiles of this glycoprotein in renal tumors are lacking. In this sense, our results add new findings to understand the role of NEP in RCCs.
Loss or decrease in NEP expression has been reported in several cancer types, such as invasive bladder carcinoma, poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas, endometrial adenocarcinoma and prostate adenocarcinoma [41,42]. Our data on NEP activity, immunostaining and mRNA agree with general findings about these enzymes in the human neoplasia, extending this knowledge to renal tumors as previously reported [43].
NEP has also been demonstrated to be a multifunctional glycoprotein. It is accepted that the interactions of this membrane-bound peptidase with other transmembrane proteins and/or the extracellular matrix (ECM) may have similar or even more relevance in regulating cells than cleaving bioactive peptides [7]. NEP is considered to be a tumor suppressor protein which, in addition, interacts with other tumor suppressors such as PTEN [7,44], demonstrating an anti-angiogenic effect [42]. Since, as we observed, a strong decrease in NEP activity and expression appears to be a common feature in the renal tumor etiogenesis, our data may support a potential anti-tumor function of NEP in renal cancer.
This work demonstrates a strong downregulation of DPP IV and NEP in the renal tumors, different protein and mRNA expression profiles, which depend on the tumor type, and a positive correlation between soluble DPP IV activity and aggressiveness in CCRCCs. These results support the idea of a pivotal role for DPP IV and NEP in the malignant transformation of renal neoplasms and stress the importance of both glycoproteins as potential diagnostic tools. Further studies comparing enzymatic activities and expression profiles with patient survival will help us to determine the approppriate use of DPP IV and NEP also as prognostic tools.
Nonstandard Abbreviations
CALLA: (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen); CCRCC: (clear-cell renal cell carcinoma); ChRCC: (chromophobe renal cell carcinoma); DPPIV: (dipeptidyl peptidase IV); NEP: (neprilysine, neutral endopeptidase); RO: (renal oncocytoma); UP: (Units of Peptidase, pmol of product/min).
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
AV contributed to the study design, supervised assays, interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. LB and IP carried out fluorimetric and qRT-PCR assays, and contributed to bio-statistical analysis. JG and JI developed the protocol of enzymatic assays and contributed to the study design. JIL designed and carried out immunohistochemical study, interpreted results and contributed in the paper writting. MLC and FMP developed the protocol of the qRT-PCR study and interpreted the results. GL contributed to the study design, supervised assays, interpreted the results and contributed in the paper writing. All authors read each draft and approved the final manuscript.
We wish to thank Arantza Pérez (University of the Basque Country) for her technical contribution to this study. The authors also thank Ana Abascal, Alicia Esteve and Mar Gonzalez, lab technicians at the Department of Pathology, Hospital de Cruces, for their excellent immunohistochemical work.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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text: Next we'll change the background color. From the menu at the top of the screen, select "View," then "Show Utility Drawer." The utility drawer will open to the left of your document. You can hide the utility drawer by going back to "View" and selecting "Hide Utility Drawer." The utilities icon will do the same thing. Select "Layers" at the top of the Utility Drawer. Click on the box next to the word "Background." This will open a new window. Note that if you click the icons along the top of the Colors palette you will have different ways to select colors. These include color wheel, color sliders, color palettes, image palettes and crayons. Select a color.


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Don Imus--Organic diet for 10 years
I see that 68 year old Don Imus has stage 2 prostrate cancer. He was looking for someone to blame because he said he has ate a mostly vegetarian organic diet for the past 10 years. He blamed news people outside his house.
Dairy is not good for you. Chemicals in meat substitutes are not good for you. Artificial sweeteners are not good for you. Alcohol is not good for you. Most of the snacks sold at health food stores are not good for you. I think he was partaking in a lot of these things, and he is very acidic. It is easy to see from his verbalized thought processes that he has been sick for a while. That is what I think. Anyway, he gives people an excuse to eat unhealthy.
People who wants to eat unhealthy will always have enough excuses, because non of em is the true reason for their actions, just as this story doesn't effect me at all, making me think whether I should stop eating organic raw vegan food, food is only one aspect of health, stress is a major health issue, air pollution, harmful radiation, being physicaly active ect` ect`.
Good point, ras-saadon! I have seen so much denial surrounding food. People will justify their diet like crazy. It would be less effort to simply eat healthy, than to try and rationalize the crap they put in their bodies. I love this saying I saw at the blog crazysexycancer - "Eat like you give a damn".
Filling their body with chemicals, acidic dairy/meat, hormones, antibiotics - it shows they truly don't care about their health. It's strange how an affluent society created such a low standard of living for their BODIES.
Certainly stress is a major factor, but is he saying he ate like cr@p until he was 58, when he went "mostly" vegetarian?
It is highly treatable. I wish him well.


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Faith Bemiss | Democrat
With bad weather predicated this weekend, Friday at Sutherland Lumber and Home Improvement Center in Sedalia store manager Pat Wingler, right, talks with Greg Baslee, of Kansas City, about a 24-inch Poulan Pro 208cc snow blower. Wingler said the store was completely out of salt. "We do have some that's been promised to us today, but I haven't seen it yet," he added.
Faith Bemiss | Democrat
In preparation for the snow storm, Sedalia Street and Alley Department Supervisor Jeff McKinney, on left, said that 25 tons of salt was delivered to the City Garage, at 901 E.Third St., on Friday by Independent Salt, out of Hutchinson, Kan.
Faith Bemiss | Democrat Roger Vieth, a crew supervisor with the Street and Alley Department, waits for a load of salt being lifted by crew foreman Brent Stevenson. Vieth said approximately 500 tons of salt was stored inside the City Garage.


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Property Details
Condo, 2 Bedrooms, 2 Baths, Sleeps 6
As close to the beach in Birch Bay as you can get, this classy 2 bedroom, 2 bath condo has1000 square feet. Views of the water and the San Juan Islands are seen from almost every room! TV-DVD-CD-RADIO, upgraded granite countertop kitchen, stainless sink, glassware, dishes, flatware, and many small appliances. This place has a spacious and open floor plan, with 2 bedroom/bath suites plus a sleeper/sofa and port-a-crib. San Juan 101 is close to coffee shops, restaurants, golf, and markets. Newer appliances including a stackable washer/dryer. Fully equipped with everything you'd need from linens and paper products to condiments and spices. Beach chairs and toys, a library of books, DVDs, and games, propane BBQ. The patio furniture allows for outdoor cooking and dining. Large common grassy area for kids to play and folks to enjoy Bocce Ball. There is a large Recreation Building at the rear of the complex which houses a pool, Jacuzzi, and tennis courts, private parking.
Recent Review
San Juan 101
About the Owner
I am a retired teacher who's always appreciated well-appointed rental properties for long or short-term getaways. I've traveled to Canada, Mexico, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia but enjoy my time here in the Pacific Northwest immensely.
Guestbook comments from the owner
Your condo was the perfect getaway for me and my friends. My girlfriend loved the surprise and everything was awesome. The pictures on the website don't do it justice!! Thanks for letting us use our condo, and for sure we will want to have it again, hopefully for more than one night next time!
8 Reviews
4.8 based on 8 traveler reviews
Dennis and Lorraine Christmas
All is good at the condo. We had a great time with our family.
We would like to mention that we don't believe the overall cleanliness would be up to your standards. Floors clean but we found some small toys and puzzle pieces around furniture. No garbage bag under the sink. We brought some of our own. Minimal dish soap. Counters and appliances had to be cleaned before we were able to use them.
This is not a real complaint but something you should know. We know your standards are much better than the way we found the place.
When you send the damage deposit back could you make sure it is in US funds so we can deposit it into out US accounts. That way we don't get dinged again for the exchange.
Thank you again.
We hope you had a great Christmas and Happy new year..
Dennis and Lorraine.
San Juan 101
Great Beachfront Getaway!
Family weekend with Grandma
from the little kids and the big one's Thank you for a great place to hang out and spend sometime together best vacation rental ever
Wonderful Weekend!!!
San Juan 101 is a gem!
The condo itself has plenty of amenities, and is stocked better than any condo we've ever stayed in. In our opinion, this is the place to stay in Birch Bay!
From the Owner
"This property spoke to me because of it's nearness to the water, allowing guests to listen to the ebb and flow of the surf from bedroom windows. This location soothes my soul and reminds me of the amazing beauty of God's creation."
Activity and Interests
Hike, bike, canoe, kayak, comb the beach, fly a kite, photograph sea birds right outside your condo! Spend the day at Birch Bay Waterslides, or the Go-Cart track nearby. Wakeboard in the tidal pools right across the street. Visit beautiful Peace Arch Park 5 miles north - a botanical garden sure to please. Play a round of golf at the world reknown course at Semiahmoo Resort, just down the road. Pick up pizza, ice cream or homemade candy at the C Shop 2 blocks away. Make a reservation for lunch or dinner on the deck of CJ's Beach House - a short walk away. Catch the MV Plover ferry from Semiahmoo to Blaine. Visit Whatcom Falls, the fish hatchery, and the Pig Fort in Whatcom State Park in Bellingham. Window shop through the quaint towns of Fairhaven and Lynden, both within 30 miles. There's Silver Reef Casino in Ferndale, 20 minutes away. Schedule a day trip to the San Juan Islands by ferry. OR just sit back and enjoy the sites of Birch Bay from your front row patio lounge.
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$150/night - $1000/week 2 night minimum
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$175/night - $1225/week 2 night minimum
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$ 85 cleaning fee
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Signed Contract required and Balance Due two weeks prior to arrival
NON SMOKING, 6 PERSON MAXIMUM including infants
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From the Owner
"The area provides a restful vacation for those who wish to stay close by. For those seeking more action and adventure, you're close enough take day trips to Vancouver, Mt. Baker, Bellingham, or the San Juan Islands."
Property Type
- condo
- Adventure
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- Family
- Luxury
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- Spa
- Sports & Activities
- Clothes Dryer ...
- Fireplace ...
- Fitness Room / Equipment ...
- Hair Dryer
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- Linens Provided ...
- Living Room ...
- Parking ...
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Pool / Spa
- Heated Pool
- Hot Tub
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- pets not allowed
- wheelchair accessible ...
Location Type
- Beach View
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- churches
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Leisure Activities
- beachcombing
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- sight seeing
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Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/bank
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- groceries
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Sports & Adventure Activities
- cycling
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- golf
- hiking
- roller blading
- swimming
- tennis
- water tubing
- wind-surfing
Floor Area
- 1000 sq. ft.
- 2 Bathrooms
- Bathroom 2 - toilet, shower
- Bathroom 1 - toilet, combination tub/shower
- 2 Bedrooms, Sleeps 6
- Bedroom 1 - 1 king
- Bedroom 2 - 1 queen
- There is also a sleeper-sofa in the reading nook that sleeps two - full size.
- Deck / Patio ...
- Lawn / Garden ...
- Outdoor Grill ...
- Tennis ...
- Guests provide their own meals
- Indoor pool and jacuzzi and tennis courts avaliable on site. Large greenbelt for Bocce Ball and/or kids play area. Games, books, movies in condo for your enjoyment. Beach chairs and other recreational equipment can be found inside the condo for a day at the Birch Bay State Park (clamming shovel and buckets, sandcastle toys, and frisbees)BUT BRING YOUR OWN BEACH TOWELS PLEASE This is a home way from home with new fridge, microwave, toaster, blender, milk-shake machine, coffee maker, and range.


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Opportunities for Summer Study Abroad
Our Global Opportunity Bursary Scheme is available to partially fund a range of summer opportunities.
East Asia (Fully Funded option*)
- Opportunities at universities in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea.
- *Tuition fees and accommodation are paid for by the Global Opportunity Bursary Scheme. In addition, students receive a £300 contribution towards the cost of flights.
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- *Tuition fees and accommodation will be paid by the Global Opportunity Bursary Scheme. In addition, students receive a £500 contribution towards the cost of flights.
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- £1000 Santander Funded Bursaries are available to support students undertaking short-term study programmes at universities which are part of Santander's University Network.
Your Choice
- The opportunity for you to research your own placement at a university abroad. This is the ideal opportunity for you to source a study programme that fits with your academic interests. Bursaries of £500 are available to students studying within Europe, and £800 bursaries are available to students studying worldwide (outside of the EU).Students eligible for a Cardiff University Bursary will also receive an additional £200.
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text: http://dot.kde.org – In this week's KDE Commit-Digest: In KDE Frameworks 5, multiple modules and applications ported, including the Locale Systemsettings module Plasma Calendar now uses lazy loading Multiple improvements in Kate plugins, especially in the Python ones Kooka sees improvements in the Auto Select user interface and the scan previewer New Calendar Applet in KDE Frameworks In Krita, various improvements to the crop tool, improved and faster mirroring device mirroring More improvements in the dialog for organizing collections in Amarok. Read the rest of the Digest here. Dot Categories: Developer (Software)


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Car left running taken on high-speed chaseUPDATED 8:20 AM CST Feb 06, 2013
An Independence woman explains why she left her car running for less than a minute and came outside to see it stolen, and eventually crashed after a high-speed chase.
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Odum Stables
Offers private lessons on gaited horses, indoor and outdoor facilities, lessons for all ages and skill levels and lesson packages available. Beginners, refreshers, pleasure or show. Home of several world champion walking horses. Call for reservations.
CITY:Creal Springs
Dutton's Cafe
Family style with seating for 100. In business for over 20 years. Private dining room available for specials occasions. Specialties are catfish and blue gill. Plate lunch daily.
CITY:Cave In Rock
Michael's Motel
Locally owned motel. Clean, secure, boat hook-ups, ample parking and cable TV.
Rose Clare Crafts and Antique Mall
16 vendors in an old storefront.
Neal Motel
6 cottage-style rooms, rv hook-ups, truck parking, kennel nearby
Family style home cooking, with daily specials.
CITY:Cave In Rock
Rudy's Barbeque
Rudy's is a full menu family restaurant since 1932, started by Rudy "King of Hobos." Seating for 70 and available for groups. Specialty house barbeque sauces for sale.
Golconda Dari-Barr
coffee shop restaurant
Fall Festival
Celebrate the fall season with a farmers market, arts and craft vendors and local musical entertainment.
Kay's Sugar Creek Cafe
Family dining, carry out or dine in. Delicious home cooked meals. Pies and cakes are made from scratch. Friday and Saturdays all you can eat fish fry.
CITY:Creal Springs
Ralls Grove Hunting Club
Duck and goose hunting, 1 blind, waterfront, decoys available. Lunch provided.
CITY:Creal Springs
Hardin County Heritage Festival
The Hardin County Heritage Festival is held the Friday and Saturday of Memorial Day weekend and celebrates the county's rich heritage and history. The event includes exceptional period entertainment and activities to fill your weekend, including; 1800's outdoor play, Civil War reenactment, pageant, quilt show, duck race, area craft and food vendors. Festivities also include a period ball, a Regal Women's Tea and live entertainment throughout. Events are held in Elizabethtown (Saturday) and at the Hardin County K-12 School located East of Elizabethtown on 146. (Friday night pageant)


text:
Neeta Jain, M.D.
Internal Medicine
(Board Certified)
Not Accepting new patients
795 El Camino Real
Second Floor, Lee Building
Palo Alto, California 94301
View Mapof 795 El Camino Real, Second Floor, Lee Building, Palo Alto. Opens in new window
(650) 853-2977
Save Time - Go Green! Complete Online Forms
For ages 65 and older: Complete a Annual Medicare Wellness Visit Questionnaire prior to your appointment.
Log into your My Health Online account. Fill out the questionnaire by clicking on the link in "Upcoming Appointments."
If you do not have an active My Health Online account, you can download and complete the form (links are below) to bring to your visit. English Version | Spanish Version (Requires Acrobat Reader, download for free if you don't have it)
Medical Affiliation(s)
Education & Training
Professional Interests
Acupuncture, Complementary medicine, Fitness and exercise, Nutritional counseling, Preventive medicine, Women's health
Spoken Languages
Spanish (Fair)
Personal Interests
Physician Web Link
Adult Health History Form
- For new patients: How to Fill in the Form
- For existing patients: FAQ
Philosophy of Care
Additional background information: Dr. Jain graduated from Stanford University with honors. She attended medical school at the University of Rochester where she had great mentors in primary care, spent time in India researching the health paradigm of Jain monks and edited a national poetry anthology on becoming a doctor. She completed her residency and chief residency at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco where she started a medical humanities program that was presented at national conferences.