text:
A spectral reflectance sensor including: a light source for emitting a modulated beam of red light; a light source for emitting a modulated beam of near infrared light; a receiver for receiving reflected light produced by either the red source or the near infrared source; a receiver for receiving incident light from either the red source or the infrared source; a signal conditioner responsive to the modulation such that the signals produced by the receivers in response to reflected and incident light from the source can be discriminated from signals produced by ambient light; and a microprocessor having an input such that the microprocessor can determine the intensities of incident red light, reflected red light; incident near infrared light; and reflected near infrared light. From these intensities, and by knowing the growing days since emergence or planting, the sensor can calculate the mid-growing season nitrogen fertilizer requirements of a plant.
1. A height independent spectral reflectance sensor for determining the reflectance of a plant comprising:
a housing;
a linear lens housed in said housing;
a light source including a plurality of light emitting diodes configured in a row parallel to, and directed to emit light through, said linear lens to illuminate an area; and
a photodetector positioned receive said light reflected from said illuminated area.
2. The height independent spectral reflectance sensor of
3. The height independent sensor of
4. An array of reflectance sensors comprising:
a plurality of sensors, each sensor comprising:
a linear lens;
a light source including a plurality of light emitting diodes configured in a row parallel to, and directed to emit light through, said linear lens to illuminate an area; and
a photodetector positioned to receive said light reflected from said illuminated area; and
a microprocessor, wherein said light source of each sensor of said plurality of sensors is selectively activated and deactivated under the control of said microprocessor and wherein said photodetector of said each sensor is in communication with said microprocessor can read the reflected light received by said photodetector.
5. The array of reflectance sensors of
6. The array of reflectance sensors of
7. The array of reflectance sensors of
8. The array of reflectance sensors of
9. The array of reflectance sensors of
10. The array of reflectance sensors of
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/912,077, filed on Jul. 24,2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,596,996 the entire specification of which is incorporated herewith by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a sensor for use in precision farming. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, the present invention relates to an optical spectral reflectance sensor and controller for use in a site specific fertilization system.
2. Background
"Precision fanning" is a term used to describe the management of intrafield variations in soil and crop conditions. "Site specific fanning", "prescription farming", and "variable rate application technology" are sometimes used synonymously with precision farming to describe the tailoring of soil and crop management to the conditions at discrete, usually contiguous, locations throughout a field. The size of each location depends on a variety of factors, such as the type of operation performed, the type of equipment used, the resolution of the equipment, as well as a host of other factors. Generally speaking, the smaller the location size, the greater the benefits of precision farming, at least down to approximately one square meter.
Typical precision farming techniques include: varying the planting density of individual plants based on the ability of the soil to support growth of the plants; and the selective application of farming products such as herbicides, insecticides, and, of particular interest, fertilizer.
In contrast, the most common farming practice is to apply a product to an entire field at a constant rate of application. The rate of application is selected to maximize crop yield over the entire field. Unfortunately, it would be the exception rather than the rule that all areas of a field have consistent soil conditions and consistent crop conditions. Accordingly, this practice typically results in over application of product over a portion of the field, which wastes money and may actually reduce crop yield, while also resulting in under application of product over other portions of the field, which may also reduce crop yield.
Perhaps even a greater problem with the conventional method is the potential to damage the environment through the over application of chemicals. Excess chemicals, indiscriminately applied to a field, ultimately find their way into the atmosphere, ponds, streams, rivers, and even the aquifer. These chemicals pose a serious threat to water sources, often killing marine life, causing severe increases in algae growth, leading to eutrophication, and contaminating potable water supplies.
Thus it can be seen that there are at least three advantages to implementing precision farming practices. First, precision farming has the potential to increase crop yields, which will result in greater profits for the farmer. Second, precision farming may lower the application rates of seeds, herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizer, reducing a farmer's expense in producing a crop. Finally, precision farming will protect the environment by reducing the amount of excess chemicals applied to a field which may ultimately end up in a pond, stream, river, and/or other water source.
Predominately, precision farming is accomplished by either: 1) storing a prescription map of a field wherein predetermined application rates for each location are stored for later use; or 2) by setting application rates based on real-time measurements of crop and/or soil conditions. In the first method, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, or its equivalent, is placed on a vehicle. As the vehicle moves through the field, application rates taken from the prescription map are used to adjust variable rate application devices such as spray nozzles. A number of difficulties are associated with the use of such a system, for example: due to the offset between the GPS receiver and the application element, the system must know the exact attitude of the vehicle in order to calculate the precise location of each nozzle or application element, making it difficult to accurately and precisely treat the target area; soil and plant conditions must be determined and a prescription developed and input prior to entering the field; and resolving a position with the requisite degree of accuracy requires relatively expensive equipment.
In the latter method, a sensor is used to detect particular soil and plant conditions as the application equipment is driven through the field. The output of the sensor is then used to calculate application rates and adjust a variable rate applicator in real time. Since the physical relationship between the sensor and the applicator is fixed, the problems associated with positional based systems (i.e., GPS) are overcome. In addition, the need to collect data prior to entering the field is eliminated, as is the need for a prescription map.
The limiting factor, thus far, in the latter method has been the degree to which sensors are available which provide meaningful information concerning conditions within the field. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,626 issued to Beck et. al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,873, likewise issued to Beck et al., discloses a sensor which detects plants in a field so that herbicide may be selectively applied to unwanted plants. Unfortunately, these devices discriminate only between soil and a plant. Thus, as a sprayer is passed over areas where there should only be bare soil, herbicide will automatically be applied to any plants detected. In practice, the sensors of the Beck '626 and '873 patents have proven to be temperature sensitive and thus, to require nearly continuous monitoring and regular re-adjustment while being used. Furthermore, due to the nature of these devices, the distance between the sensor and the ground must be maintained with a relatively high degree of precision. Another limitation is that presently, no such sensor exists for the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Thus it is an object of the present invention to provide a sensor for use in precision farming which provides an output indicative of one or more growing conditions over a relatively small area, which may be used for the selective application of a farming product or used in the development of a prescription map.
The present invention provides a sensor for use in precision farming which satisfies the needs and overcomes the problems discussed above. The sensor measures the reflectance of a target at one or more wavelengths of light and, based on known reflectance properties of the target, produces an output indicative of the need for a given farm product.
In a preferred embodiment, the sensor comprises: a light emitter which provides one or more light sources, each source producing light at a specific wavelength; a modulator for modulating each light source at a particular frequency, a reflected light receiver for receiving, detecting, and discriminating each wavelength of light; a direct receiver for receiving light directly from each source; and a processor for gathering information from the receivers and processing such information to determine reflectance of a plant and to determine the need for a given product based on the reflectance information.
The reflectance properties of a target are known to vary based on the amount of nitrogen available to the plant. By observing the reflected light, at particular wavelengths, preferably in the ranges of red and near infrared, and the intensity of the light source at the same wavelengths, it is possible to predict, with a reasonable degree of certainty, the expected crop yield with the present level of available nitrogen and the maximum crop yield if an ideal amount of nitrogen fertilizer is added. This information may be used in real time to control a variable rate applicator for applying a mid-growing season nitrogen fertilizer or, alternatively, used to develop a prescription map for later application of mid-growing season nitrogen fertilizer to a field. Although the inventive sensor could be easily adjusted for any particular target size, the preferred embodiment allows precision farming of sites having an area of approximately four square feet.
Another feature of the inventive device is that the accuracy of the resulting measurement is relatively independent of the height of the sensor above the ground. Thus, as a vehicle equipped with the sensor moves through a field, the output of the sensor is consistent regardless of the terrain and its effect on the height of the sensor.
Further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examining the accompanying drawings and upon reading the following description of the preferred embodiments.
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is important to understand that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the construction illustrated and the steps described herein. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in a variety of ways. It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals indicate the same parts throughout the several views, a preferred embodiment of the inventive reflectance sensor 20 is shown in its general environment in
Referring next to
As best seen in
While not critical to the operation of the present sensor, it should be noted that in the preferred embodiment, the light source LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e are located in close physical proximity to the detector 38. This feature minimizes the effect of sensor height on the location of the illuminated surface relative to the field-of-view of the detector 38. In addition, the LED's 44 a-e and 46 a-e are distributed along a row and, furthermore, the light is projected through a cylindrical lens 30 oriented parallel with the row of LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e to restrict the spread of light in the direction of travel to further minimize the effects of variations in sensor height. Finally, the receiver employs a parabolic reflector 34 with the detector 38 located at the point of focus of the reflector 34 to establish a field-of-view of the detector 38 which is relatively independent of sensor height. Preferably the reflector 34 is in the form of an offset section of a 3-dimensional parabaloid such that detector 38 may be located outside of the field-of-view. This construction results in a sensor which produces consistent results relatively independent of sensor height, particular when compared to prior art sensors.
Located on the opposite side of divider 36, sensor 20 includes circuit board 40 and light pipe 42. Circuit board 40 includes a first light source for producing red light made up of a row of LEDs, 44 a-e which are positioned to project light downward through lens 30; and a second light source for producing light in the near infrared range made up of a row of LEDs 46 a-e , preferably arranged such that LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e are aligned in a row wherein adjacent LEDs alternate between red and near infrared. Preferably, LEDs 44 a-e produce red light having a wavelength of approximately 670 nanometers while LEDs 46 a-e produce light in the near infrared range ("NIR"), having a wavelength of approximately 780 nanometers. Light pipe 42 receives and collects incident light from LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e and transmits such light to photodetector 48. Detector 48 thus provides a means for directly measuring the intensity of the light produced by LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e . Since light pipe 42 collects light from all of the LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e , the sensor can measure true reflectance from its field-of-view. In addition, by storing a baseline intensity in nonvolatile memory, the sensor can determine when an LED fails based on a reduced intensity of incident light.
The circuitry of circuit board 40 is shown in
The term "microprocessor" is used in its broadest sense to describe any computing device. In addition to devices generically known as microprocessors, the term includes, by way of example and not limitation, microcontrollers, RISC devices, ASIC devices manufactured to provide logical and mathematical functions, FPGA devices programmed to provide logical and mathematical functions, computers made up of a plurality of integrated circuits, and the like.
Referring next to
Analog switch 76 includes a color input 54 and an intensity input 56. When color input 54 is at a first binary state, the output of oscillator 74 is directed to either amplifier 78 or amplifier 80, depending on the state of intensity input 56. When color input 54 is at its second binary state, the output of oscillator 74 is instead directed to either amplifier 82 or amplifier 84, likewise depending on the state of intensity input 56. Thus, input 54 allows selection of the color of the lighted emitted, either red, from LEDs 44 a-e when input 54 is in its first binary state, or near infrared, from LEDs 46 a-e when input 54 is in its second binary state.
Amplifiers 78, 80, 82, and 84 are each a transistor, wired in an emitter-follower configuration. Depending on the states of inputs 54 and 56, only a single amplifier 78-84 will receive an input from oscillator 74 at any given time. Preferably resistor 96 will be selected such that its impedance is approximately twice that of resistor 94 and resistor 100 will be selected such that its impedance will be twice that of resistor 98. The outputs of amplifiers 78 and 80 are directed to current mirror 86 while the outputs of amplifiers 82 and 84 are directed to current mirror 88. The current which flows through transistor 102 a will be roughly proportional to the current flowing through transistor 102 c. Similarly, the current flowing through transistor 104 a will be roughly proportional to the current flowing through transistor 104 c. Accordingly, a greater current will flow through LEDs 44 a-e when amplifier 78 is selected than when amplifier 80 is selected, and in a similar manner, more current will flow through LEDs 46 a-e when amplifier 82 is selected than when amplifier 84 is selected. Thus, by manipulating inputs 54 and 56, microprocessor 50 can select a color of light, between red or near infrared, and can select, between two choices, the intensity of the light produced.
Preferably, oscillator 74 will produce a waveform which approximates a sine wave, thus having harmonic content substantially less than that of a square wave. When LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e are driven in this fashion, the electrical current flowing through the LED's will have a harmonic content far below that of a square wave current. Accordingly, the light produced by each individual LED 44 a-e or 46 a-e , will result in a modulated light beam having substantially less harmonic energy than would be produced if modulated with a square wave.
Referring now to
It should be noted that the light produced by LEDs 44 a-e and 46 a-e will contain a DC component if the signal from oscillator 74 (
In particular, amplifier 114 allows detector 38 to operate over a wider range of ambient lighting conditions without saturating. In addition, capacitors 116 and 118 AC couple the outputs of photodetectors 48 and 38, respectively, to eliminate DC offset voltages from the signals produced by detectors 48 and 38 which could otherwise cause the outputs of amplifiers 106 and 108 to saturate. In general, ambient light compensation means includes any of these techniques which reduce the degree to which ambient light may degrade or impede reception of the reflected light from light sources 44 and 46, or any other technique for improving the signal to noise ratio of the received signal.
Receiver circuit 68 provides output 72 which produces an amplified and filtered version of the signal received by one of the two detectors 38 or 48, as selected by input 70. The operation of analog to digital converter 58 is synchronized with the oscillator 74 so that conversions are performed on the peaks of the signal present at output 72.
In operation, the sensor is passed over crops such that modulated light from the emitter, both red and near infrared, is reflected back through the receiver lens and focused by the parabolic reflector onto the photodetector. The microprocessor 50 directs analog to digital converter 58 to read the received signal at the peaks of the waveform output by signal conditioner 112 for both the output of the reflected light detector 38 and the direct light detector 48. By calculating the ratio of the light reflected at each wavelength, i.e. the reflected intensity divided by the source intensity, the reflectance of the crop at each wavelength can be determined.
In a typical system, multiple sensors 20 will be used to scan a contiguous strip across one or more rows of plants. In such a system, microprocessor 50 receives synchronization timing information from a central source and uses that timing information to synchronize emission from emitter circuit 52. This process assures that light from adjacent sensors 20 are synchronized and consequently that such sensors do not interfere with each other. In a preferred method for synchronizing multiple units, microprocessor 50 includes a controller area network (CAN) interface. Such networks are well known in the art. To synchronize the emitters, a message is periodically transmitted on the network from the central source. Upon receipt of this message, each sensor sets the output of oscillator 74 to a known position in its periodic waveform, thereby synchronizing all sensors connected to the network.
Once the microprocessor 50 has gathered reflectance information from receivers 38 and 48, 2 neccesary to process the information to the need for nitrogen. One method for using reflectance information to determine such a need is disclosing in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/911,867, entitled "A Process for In-Season Fertilizer Nitrogen Application Based on Predicted Yield Potential," filed Jul. 24, 2001, witch is incorporated herein by reference.
To summarize the process, data from the sensor is used to predict the potential yield that can be achieved with additional, mid-growing season, nitrogen fertilization based on an in-season response index given by the equation:
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the above series of calculations may easily be performed in microprocessor 50 and FNR can then be used to control the rate of fertilizer application through a variable rate applicator 66.
Due to variations in various components employed in the inventive sensor, it may be desirable to provide a calibration procedure. Typically, the, sensor may be calibrated by shining the emitter at an object having known reflectance properties and comparing the signal produced by photodetector 38 to an expected value. The response of the entire system may be determined independently for both red and near infrared and may be determined at each of the two selectable intensities. Constants may then be calculated and stored in non-volatile memory within microprocessor 50 for later use to correct subsequent measurements of plant reflectance.
One advantage of the present invention is that each individual sensor 20 may be independently calibrated. When multiple sensors are employed, for example along a boom, and each sensor has been properly calibrated, the amount of nitrogen available to each plant will be consistent throughout the field, regardless of which particular sensor scans any given plant.
Referring again to
In a similar vein, it should also be noted that additional wavelengths of light may also be produced by sensor 20. A switch similar to switch 76 could be employed which provides the desired number of individual switches to accommodate the desired additional wavelengths of light. For each wavelength emitted, additional amplifiers, current mirrors, and LEDs are employed in the same configuration as those presently employed. Thus, the present invention is suitable for measuring the reflectance at any number of wavelengths. Incorporating additional wavelengths of light allows the sensor to separate confounding factors from the estimate of nitrogen as well as increase the number of possible applications for the sensor. When more than two wavelengths of light are produced, it may be more practical to arrange the light emitting diodes into additional parallel rows with appropriately configured lenses such that the gap between individual LEDs of the same color does not become large enough to leave unilluminated holes in the field-of-view. For purposes of this invention, the parallel rows are viewed collectively as a single row having a width greater than one LED.
As mentioned hereinbefore, prior art reflectance sensors are available to direct the selective application of herbicide to eliminate unwanted plants in a field. Features of the inventive sensor may be incorporated into such a prior art sensor to improve the performance of such a sensor and to adapt such a sensor for use in the application of other farming products. For example, the sensors described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,873 issued to Beck et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,741 issued to Kinter et al., likewise incorporated herein by reference, could easily be adapted to house the inventive circuitry. As shown in
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the inventive sensor 20 may be scaled upward or downward in size to achieve virtually any desired resolution. Thus, while the preferred embodiment is suitable for sites of approximately four square feet, the invention is not so limited. With presently available light sources and detectors, a resolution of less than 12 square inches per site is possible.
It should also be noted that, while the inventive sensor can provide an output to directly control the rate of application of fertilizer, it could also be used to create a prescription map for later application of fertilizer. In such a system, positional information is obtained from a GPS receiver, from the vehicle carrying the sensor, or from some other position indicating system. Crop conditions are stored in nonvolatile memory in such a manner that the condition at each specific site within the field may be later recalled for use in developing a prescription map.
It should be further noted that multiple sensors 200 may be incorporated into a single housing 202 as shown in
In a multiple sensor configuration, it is also possible for a single microprocessor to control multiple sensors. When multiple sensors are controlled by a single processor, or when sensors are interconnected via a network, and the resolution is reduced, it is possible to perform image processing within an individual sensor to determine such factors as: missing plants; non-uniform plant stands; chlorophyll concentration; infestation of disease or pests; changes in soil background; etc. In addition, networking of the individual sensors allows conditions to be averaged over a larger area for applications where a larger site is desired and networking enables microprocessor controllers to use information collected from sensors not under their direct control to make treatment decisions.
Through the proper selection of resolution and appropriate use of reflectance information from various wavelengths of light, the inventive sensor can be used to simultaneously detect and treat multiple anomalies in a single pass over a field. For example, using the techniques described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,741 issued to Kinter, previously incorporated herein by reference, the inventive sensor could be used to selectively apply nitrogen at an optimal rate to desirable plants while also selectively applying herbicide between plant rows to eliminate unwanted weeds.
Finally, it should likewise be noted that, while farming applications of the inventive sensor were discussed in relation to the preferred embodiment, the invention is not so limited. The inventive device could be used to improve the efficiency of plant maintenance in virtually any application, i.e. golf courses, lawn care, landscape maintenance; etc. While the constants in the form of the equations given above may vary from crop-to-crop, the inventive method is otherwise applicable to virtually any type of plant.
Thus, the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned above as well as those inherent therein. While presently preferred embodiments have been described for purposes of this disclosure, numerous changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are encompassed within the spirit of this invention as defined by the appended claims.
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NYCHA: Pit Bulls, 26 Other Breeds Prohibited from the Projects
Also, project-dwellers may not keep a dog over 25 pounds; the previous limit was 40, though if a weightier pet was previously registered with the Authority, he or she will be grandfathered in. So will the embargoed breeds, prompting a poster at the Pitbull Chat Forum, Bronx certified nursing assistant luckilylovinlyfe, to urge her fellows to "register your dog by APRIL 30TH... And even if you dont live in NYCHA your suppossed to register your dog anyhow... you dont ever want to run into problems where you are forced to give up your dog because of lack of registration."
The ASPCA is against the policy: "We oppose laws that discriminate against particular breeds or impose excessive weight restrictions," says their senior VP Laura Maloney. One project-dweller interviewed by NY1 is also displeased. "If they are not raising them to be vicious then I don't see what's the problem," says the unnamed Queensbridge Houses resident. Photo (cc) audreyjm529.
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Continue Reading This Article
Enjoy this article as well as all of our content, including E-Guides, news, tips and more.
Traffic like Address Resolution Protocol (ARP ) requests will always be visible on every port, for example. If you are definitely seeing all packets from every device, then adding a switch would provide protection from opportunistic packet sniffing.
This was first published in May 2009


text:
Well done, bullpen. Well done.
Well done, bullpen. Well done.
"Since I've been with the Reds in 1989, we've never had a farm system this loaded," Bowden said. "If we were the New York Yankees and had unlimited dollars, we could have traded for Colon, (Jeff) Weaver, Rolen, (Cliff) Floyd, (Kenny) Rogers and Finley and gotten them all -- and still held onto our top five prospects. That's an amazing statement."
Another wonderful night in Redsland. Brilliant.
"The players make the manager, it's never the other way." - Sparky Anderson
Gosling comes in a gives up a 3 run homer. 6-4 Pirates
Jumping carrots, all this happened right after I turned the game on...
I'm gonna watch a movie or something
Go Gators!
With those runs Coffey's ERA from July on is now 10.95
so if you're livingston, exactly how po'd are you tonight?
And Morris gets his 2nd hit of the night.
Gosling gave up a home run to someone hitting .172 against lefties this season.
Fire Mackanin. He keeps going to the Reds bullpen.
...And Pete took out Livingstone why, again?
Sorry, but Coffey should only be allowed to pitch when the team is behind by five runs or more, for now on.
whisper words of wisdom
I wrote a book!
My AmazonShort
My other AmazonShort
The crystal ball says that the Reds will bring Saarloos back up.
Hopper doubles, steals 3rd and the throw to 3rd goes into the outfield and Hopper scores. 6-5 Pirates.
Who is due up for the Reds now? Good job Hopper.
When Hopper stole third and was on his belly, what if Mark Berry helped Hopper get on his feet so he could go home. What would the rule be on that? Would it be an automatic out? Would Hopper be told to return to third? Would Berry be kicked out of the game?
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Special Issue "Marine Neurotoxins"
A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2012)
Special Issue Editor
Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Lucio G. Costa
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 354695, Suite 100, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Website: http://depts.washington.edu/envhlth/faculty.php?Costa_Lucio
E-Mail: email@example.com
Phone: +206 543 2831
Interests: neurotoxicology
- domoic acid
- palytoxin
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- saxitoxin
- tetrodotoxin
- mechanisms of neurotoxicity
- factors affecting neurotoxicity
- gene-environment interactions
- developmental neurotoxicity
- age-dependent neurotoxicity
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- marine neurotoxins as potential therapeutics
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Ronny Paulino blood tests reveal "stomach and colon issues"
Mar 29, 2011, 4:46 PM EDT
Ronny Paulino is ineligible to play in the Mets' first eight games of the season due to a 50-game suspension for a positive performance-enhancing drug test dating back to last year, but now Anthony DiComo of MLB.com reports that the backup catcher could be out longer after recent blood tests revealed "stomach and colon issues."
No further details about Paulino's condition are offered, but obviously that doesn't sound good. He's scheduled for further exams and general manager Sandy Alderson said it's "very possible" Paulino will be placed on the disabled list once he returns from suspension, leaving Mike Nickeas to back up Josh Thole.
It's been a rough spring training for Paulino, who reported to camp nearly a month late due to visa problems in the Dominican Republic and has appeared in just seven games. He signed a one-year, $1.3 million contract with the Mets in December.
- phukyouk - Mar 29, 2011 at 4:59 PM
I predict that the Yanks have Colon issues later this season.
- phukyouk - Mar 29, 2011 at 4:59 PM
ok im sorry. i saw it and i had to. was unable to resist.
- chrisny3 - Mar 29, 2011 at 6:29 PM
LOL, very funny.
Turning serious, I hope this is nothing major, is fully treatable, and he recovers quickly. He said he felt 100% fine, so apparently this is something that was hidden.
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If you complain each time you open your mouth there must be something not working in your life. You're annoyed and frustrated about it and boy – are you letting people know.
If you don't complain, I bet you know someone who does. A complainer makes people feel uncomfortable. They probably try to avoid that person thinking, "Oh no! There's Tracey (or whoever). She's always moaning about something. I'll go this way to avoid her."
I used to have a friend who always found something to whinge about. His health, the kids, the grandkids, the economy, his wife, the neighbours. You name it, he complained about it. Each time I was with him I felt drained afterwards.
It didn't matter what I said, nothing would shake him out of his constant negative attitude. We eventually grew apart because I couldn't take it anymore.
Why Do You Complain?
The first time you complain, someone listens. You like it when someone listens to you so you complain again. Someone listens to you again. You've found a way to get people to listen to you so you continue to complain. You're not fussy what you complain about. The important thing to you is that someone listens.
Complaining stems from your negative thoughts. For example, Saturday afternoon at the local supermarket with checkout queues going on for a million light years.
You take your place in the queue. After 10 seconds, you tap your foot. 20 seconds later you're tutting, shaking your head and rolling your eyes at anyone who glances in your direction. Then you start huffing and "hmph-ing".
The minute you sense someone behind you, round you turn and off you go, "It's a shame they're so short-staffed", "They could do with more tills open", "I've got frozen food. I hope I get served before it defrosts" barely taking a breath and not letting the other person get a word in.
Sound familiar? We all do it but some of us break out of the complaining cycle.
Break the Habit
Complaining is a bad habit. Like all bad habits it can be broken.
1. Let go of negative thoughts.
Thoughts pop into our heads then pop out all the time. Sometimes they're negative thoughts which can linger, especially if you're feeling negative.
So there's you feeling negative and this negative thought pops into your head. Do you let it pop out again? Do you, heck!
You let it hang around and get comfy. You think about it and add bits to it and it's not long before you've got a whole negative story attached to this negative thought.
What's the negative story made up of? You got it – complaints. "If he hadn't….", "She shouldn't have said….", "I wish I'd smacked him when I had the chance…" and so on.
Action: When you get a negative thought, let it go.
2. Avoid complainers.
Complaining can turn into a group activity. You're sat having a quiet coffee then someone comes and sits with you and starts complaining about the tea. You join in and complain about the coffee.
Then someone else joins you and complains about the coffee they had the other day. Before you know it, there's a whole group of you having a mass moan.
All you wanted was a quiet coffee.
Action: When someone comes to sit with you, tell them you need some time on your own.
This is a good one….
3. Resist complaining for a day.
I did this last year after reading "A Complaint Free World" by Will Bowen. Man – it was challenging!
When my friend moaned about something that had happened at work, I had to consciously stop myself from joining in. I made the effort to find positive things in her work day to get her out of "moaning mode".
Not complaining for one day encouraged me to resist it the next day and the next and the next. I didn't complain about anything until 5 days later. From there, I didn't complain for a week. A whole week without a whinge! Proud of myself or what!
Action: Do it.
4. Say something positive instead of complaining.
This takes a bit of practice. One of my friends knew his attitude stunk and decided to change it.
Made sure he was alone in the house, watched a political discussion programme on TV (always guaranteed to have him shouting abuse at any politician!) and worked on just shouting positive statements at the TV.
I know. I thought the same thing but at least he tried. Good on him for trying.
From there, he watched "soaps" because, next to political discussions, they were the next things to wind him up. Again he made positive comments. He admitted feeling a total idiot for saying things like "That colour eyeshadow suits her".
His attitude changed a little at a time. I can't say that he went from being a miserable git to bright and sunny "Oh, it's such a beautiful day even though every house is flooded and Air-Sea Rescue are getting everybody out of here."
He freely admits he's "work in progress" but he's doing the work because no one else can do it for him.
Action: Bite back the complaint, pause, then say something positive.
5. Stop complaining – take back control.
If you were controlling the situation you're complaining about, there would be nothing to complain about because you'd be doing it.
If you're complaining about something you can control, do something to change it. The late Maya Angelou said in "Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now":
"What you're supposed to do when you don't like a thing is change it. If you can't change it, change the way you think about it. Don't complain."
Action: What are you going to take back control of?
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Home > Your brain > What does your brain do? > Your senses > Seeing > How your eyes work >
Photoreceptors contain chemicals that change when they are hit by light. This causes an electrical signal, which is then sent to the brain along the optic nerve. Different types of photoreceptor allow us to see an enormous range of light: from starlight to full sunshine, and all the colours of the rainbow.


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Video : Ponpes Nahdlatusy Syubban Kajen Margoyoso Pati.mp4
Youtube travel video - 'Ponpes Nahdlatusy Syubban Kajen Margoyoso Pati.mp4'. This is a top rated video clip taken in the destination of Kayen in the province of Central Java in the country of Indonesia. You can use the video player menu to view full screen, or click on the link below to see more videos by this publisher. All videos on this site are displayed according to YouTube Terms of Service
turut serta dalam mencerdaskan anak bangsa.
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Why, with all those faults, have LCDs become so popular? Maybe it's lust. Consumers could be turned onto LCD panels because they have more sex appeal than CRT monitors. Maybe it's all about body image. LCD screens are thinner and lighter than CRT monitors, and I hear they have fewer carbs, too. Maybe it's the fact some users can't stand to go back to CRTs after basking in even a moment of the glorious brightness and clarity of typical LCD screens. Whatever the motivation, LCDs are wildly popular.
Thus, we've whipped up a seven-way LCD comparison to commemorate what may turn out to be the year of the LCD. Read on to find out which screen is most likely to tempt you away from that trusty CRT.
Revisiting the good, the bad, and the ugly
Although it's been almost a year and a half since we last looked at LCD screens, the display technology hasn't changed dramatically. LCD screens still use liquid crystal panels to manipulate light generated by a backlight. As they're stimulated, the liquid crystals change their molecular structure to allow light to pass through red, green, and blue pixel components. These pixel components are bound to individual transistors, giving each pixel dedicated circuitry.
Back-lit liquid crystal panels are quite different from the cathode ray tubes that power more traditional CRT displays, but the two technologies are generally capable of producing comparable on-screen images. However, due to differences in how CRTs and LCDs go about producing those images, each technology has its own strengths and weaknesses.
Since we're only looking at LCDs today, I've gathered the relative strengths and weaknesses of LCD screens below. This collection of The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly first appeared in an LCD round-up I did almost a year and a half ago, and the basic concepts generally remain true today.
The good
Where are LCD panels far superior to even high-end CRT displays?
Monitor footprint is less of an issue for those who are only running a single screen, but throw two or more CRTs onto a desk and things quickly get cramped.
The bad
Though LCDs have numerous benefits over traditional CRT monitors, it's not all roses.
The majority of today's mid-range and high-end LCDs claim pixel response times around 25 milliseconds, which means pixels can update themselves a maximum of 40 times per second. The equivalent of 40 frames per second should be fast enough for the vast majority of PC users, and even for casual gamers. If that's not fast enough for you, LCDs are available with pixel response times as low as 16 milliseconds.
The ugly
If The Bad has turned you off LCDs already, The Ugly can definitely vindicate your decision.
Interpolation is really only an issue if you need to run a screen outside its native resolution, and that's pretty rare unless you play games. Gamers will have to live with interpolation unless their systems are capable of churning out reasonable frame rates at their LCD's native resolution. Doing so shouldn't be too hard for older games like Quake III Arena, but the hardware requirements for churning out reasonable frame rates in new games like Doom 3, even at medium resolutions like 1024x768, will probably be pretty steep.
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|Does anyone actually think videos like this are interesting? I can't imagine getting excited over something like that. *shrug*


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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 3.
AQP4-protein expression pattern in NSCLCs. AQP4 is mainly expressed in well differentiated AC (A), and to a lower extent in moderately differentiated AC (B). SCC are mostly negative for AQP4, but have AQP4-positive intra-tumoral alveolar cells (C). D shows AQP4 expression in a pleomorphic carcinoma. Magnification ×20.
Warth et al. BMC Cancer 2011 11:161 doi:10.1186/1471-2407-11-161


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Published Date:
March 11, 2011
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An apple a day, keeps the doctor away — is a very old saying. Apple may not be the answer to your health, but fruits are definitely one of the ways of having good health. They are excellent sources of minerals, vitamins and enzymes. Moreover, in many cases the ailments caused by the intake of unnatural foods can be successfully treated by fruits. Fruits are helpful in so many ways.
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You should always go to the doctor, but why not play it safe and get the nutrients out of this fruit. Not only is the fruit healthy for you, but I find it to be very tasty. Thank you for sharing..
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@April 27, 2011 Control Diet to Repair Kidney Damage
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@April 01, 2011 Walnuts are number one for heart-healthy antioxidants
@March 25, 2011 Hazards of radiation exposure: when to worry
@March 11, 2011 One fruit a day, keeps the doctor away
@February 18, 2011 Some Important Health Tips You Must Know


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Home » Physical Issues
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Use EFT to help your memory to periodically restore its strength.
Using EFT to Treat Sensitivities – by Sandra Radomski
Sandi Radomski's classic DVD Allergy Antidotes – EFT Treatment of Allergies – is an excellent introduction to the fundamental techniques for you to use to help yourself, your friends and family with troublesome allergic reactions. This DVD features Sandi Radomski's 2 hour presentation and demonstration of EFT for treating allergies, made at Gary Craig's 2003 EFT conference in Flagstaff, AZ.
A Vibrational Approach to Healing Pain and Illness – by Carol Look
Carol combines cutting edge information from the field of vibrational medicine and advanced applications of EFT throughout these 3 DVDs from her Denver workshop, "A Vibrational Approach to Healing Pain and Illness." Tap along as Carol works with audience members on issues of pain, illness and complicated diagnoses and watch as she unravels the links between past emotional conflicts and current physical limitations.
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Camarines Sur to have youngest governor in history; Aga Muhlach leads
More News from Edra Benedicto
LEGAZPI CITY – Only one member of the fragmented by still influential Villafuerte clan of Camarines Sur made it in Monday's elections, and the youngest at that, trouncing his own grandfather in the province's gubernatorial race.
The rest of the Villafuerte clan were defeated by the widow of the late Interior Secretary Jesse Robredo and the reelectionist son of a former president.
Miguel "Migz" Villafuerte, 23, topped the race for governor with 170,841 votes, winning by a margin of almost 40,000 votes against his estranged grandfather, Rep. Luis Villafuerte (Nationalist People's Coalition), who got 131,627 votes, according to the tally of the Commission on Elections (Comelec) posted on its website.
The administration's candidate, Joel Cadiz (Liberal Party) was trailing behind the two Villafuertes with 97,686 votes.
Luis's wife, Nelly, was likewise trounced in a landslide win by Leni Robredo (LP), Jesse's widow, for the third district congressional seat that Luis will be vacating.
Leni, in an unprecedented major upset, garnered 107,496 votes, representing 76.93 percent of the votes cast in the district, against Nelly's 29,813 votes.
In the first congressional district, re-electionist Rep. Rolando Andaya (Lakas) won by a wide margin (45,957 votes) against his opponent, Nestor De los Reyes (Nationalista Party), who got 4,578 votes.
Gov. Raymund Luis "LRay" Villafuerte's attempt to wrest the second district congressional seat from incumbent Rep. Diosdado "Dato" Arroyo (Lakas), son of former President and just reelected Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, failed when he got only 39,774 votes to Arroyo's 46,604 votes.
A scion of another influential Camarines Sur political clan, Wimpy Fuentebella (NPC) also fell on the wayside, losing to actor-turned-politician Aga Muhlach.
Muhlach (LP), garnered 45,131 votes against Fuentebella's 41,059 votes in the fourth district congressional race.
In the fifth district, Rep. Salvio Fortuno (LP) won his reelection bid with 60,352 votes against challenger Felix Alfelor (NPC), who got 33,196 votes.
The district's third contender, character actor Rez Cortez (UNA), got 11,142 votes.
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Zambia rider to Dakar
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Joined: Jun 2010
Location: South Africa
Oddometer: 66
Pål Anders Ullevålseter to race in Zambia
Any News on this topic?
The Norwegian Embassy in Lusaka (Capital of Zambia) posted this.
Last updated: 25/02/2013 // Pål Anders Ullevålseter has been invited to Zambia in mid-March by David Reeve and his fans. The invitation shows their appreciation for the help given by the Norwegian to Reeve during Dakar Rally earlier this year. Ullevålseter will come for a friendly visit and to compete in the National Off-Road Championship which is said to be one of the toughest and most technically challenging races in the region.
David Reeve in Dakar Rally 2013. Photo: David Santos Jr
The dramatic story from Dakar rally has been described in Lowdowns February edition under Our man at Le Dakar. The article highlights how the Dakar incidence, when Reeve ended up with a broken leg, also restored faith in the innate goodness of mankind. Ullevålseter who was riding behind Reeve saw that he was in a state of shock and stopped to press the red button installed on each bike to get help. That a fellow rider would stop and help is not necessarily a given at Dakar and Ullevålseter lost valuable time. To show their appreciation Reeves supporters have gone together to raise money to bring Ullevålseter to Zambia.
The National Off-Road Championship
During his visit to Zambia Ullevålseter will attend the National Off-Road Championship, where the Tom Reeve Memorial Trophy is awarded to the winner. Tom Reeve is David Reeves father and this event is run in his memory because of his valuable contribution to motorsport in Zambia and in particular off road motorcycling. The setting is the Reeve family farm, Dorvic which is located near Mazabuka, south of Lusaka.
The Championship is the premier event in the Zambian off-road calendar and is by far the most difficult and it is regarded as being the toughest and most technically challenging with virtually every terrain being encountered in one loop. Riders are taken through majestic mountain scenery and have to cope with long rocky ascents and descents, river crossings, mud and clay sections, open flat areas and they need to dodge trees in the forest sections. They pass through local villages and get cheered on and assisted by enthusiastic locals. One can literally follow a popular riders progress from up in the mountains by listening to the locals as they cheer through certain points of the track. One is certainly in no doubt when Reeve is passing any spectator point. For many riders, the goal will be just a finish and every rider who completes the course is cheered home because everyone knows that they have overcome some serious personal challenges, particularly if they are not in the main classes.
Stay tuned, updates from the Championship, whether celebrating victory for Ullevålseter or not, will come!
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Asked by:
SpriteBatch/SpriteFont drawing in 3D
I am trying to implement text/symbol rendering in 3D perspective projection setup using DirectXTK's SpriteBatch/SpriteFont. I've searched this forum and MSDN on related topics and found two helpful articles [1],[2] given at the end of this post.
To experiment with walbourn's code given in [2], I start with the DirectXTK simple sample [3]. I want to change the code so that the Windows logo and the text "DirectXTK Simple Sample" take on a 3D perspective look. For example, the text is rendered on the surface of the tea pot. The only changes I've made so far is in function Renderer::Render() of file Renderer.cpp. In details, I pass an transform matrix as the last function argument to Renderer::Render. Here is the code:
// Draw sprite XMMATRIX world = XMLoadFloat4x4( &m_world ); XMMATRIX view = XMLoadFloat4x4( &m_view ); XMMATRIX projection = XMLoadFloat4x4( &m_projection ); XMMATRIX local = XMMatrixMultiply( world, XMMatrixTranslation( -2.f, -2.f, -4.f ) ); XMMATRIX worldViewProj = local * view * projection; m_sprites->Begin(DirectX::SpriteSortMode_Deferred, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, worldViewProj); //m_sprites->Begin(); m_sprites->Draw( m_texture2.Get(), XMFLOAT2(10,75), nullptr, Colors::White ); m_font->DrawString( m_sprites.get(), L"DirectXTK Simple Sample", XMFLOAT2( 100, 10 ), Colors::Yellow ); m_sprites->End();The rendering result is apparently wrong as both logo and text are invisible at first and then become rays staring from the top-left corner of the screen, radiating rightward and downwards, and then disappear again at the end of animation period. Could someone tell me what's wrong with my code, or how to change the code so that the logo and the text are rendered on the surface of the tea pot or character face? Thank you in advance.
[1] SpriteBatch billboards in a 3D world. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnhar/archive/2011/01/12/spritebatch-billboards-in-a-3d-world.aspx?PageIndex=2.
[2] SpriteBatch.Begin()
[3] DirectXTK Simple Sample (Windows 8.1)
All replies
For putting text on a 3D surface, the easiest thing is to use SpriteFont to render-to-texture, and then use that texture to render the 3D object...
Thank you for your reply.
I think I did not present my question correctly when I said "the text is rendered on the surface of the tea pot" in the first thread. I want the text and the tea pot to be rendered independently, that is, the text is still visible even if the tea pot is removed from the scene, or vice visa.
In my experiment with the code sample "DirectXTK Simple Sample", I get the feeling that a SpriteFont object is controlled not only by world-view-projection matrix I provided as the last argument of function m_sprites->Begin(), but also by other transform matrix. For example the third argument of function m_sprites->Draw() control the position of the SpriteFont object, a value of XMFLOAT2(0,0) (XMFLOAT(screenWidth/2, screenHeight/2) resp.) will put the text at the top-left (middle resp.) of the screen. The lack of detailed documentation of DirectX Toolkit API make it more difficult to debug the code.
Nonetheless, I will keep experimenting the code and will look foreword to your further help.
DirectTK's SpriteBatch (which is used to draw SpriteFont) takes locations in screen-coordinates, not world-coordinates. It implements a simple texture-based raster font. It sounds like you want a geometry-based vector font instead, which is not what SpriteBatch/SpriteFont implements. You might be able to get this functionality out of Direct2D/DirectWrite, but it's not generally intended for use with 3D scenes.
DirectTK's SpriteBatch (which is used to draw SpriteFont) takes locations in screen-coordinates, not world-coordinates. It implements a simple texture-based raster font. It sounds like you want a geometry-based vector font instead, which is not what SpriteBatch/SpriteFont implements. You might be able to get this functionality out of Direct2D/DirectWrite, but it's not generally intended for use with 3D scenes.
Thank you for your help, walbourn.
My proposal to use SpriteFont/SpriteBatch as the 3D text solution is based on the idea that we can transform (rotate/translate) a 2D textured quad so that it is rendered with the desired position and orientation. In fact, this method works in OpenGL Android port of our app. According to your explanation, the primary difficulty is that SpriteFont/SpriteBatch uses screen coordinate, not world coordinate. So could you please develop DirectX Tool Kit to add another version of SpriteFont::Draw that use world space. Add this feature may provide a viable 3D text solution to DirectX11!


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20-year-old Wisconsin cheddar makes debut at $209 a pound
MINERAL POINT, Wis. (AP) — A Wisconsin cheesemaker is debuting a 20-year-old cheddar this week that's short in supply and big on price. Full Story
(Rob Latour/Rob Latour/Invision/AP)
Unscripted TV stripped bare by scripted drama 'UnREAL'
NEW YORK (AP) — "UnREAL" might be TV's most fully realized reality series. Why shouldn't it be? Full Story
(Photo by Joel Ryan/Invision/AP, File)
Lindsay Lohan is finally off probation
'Mean Girls' actress finished community service hours in a rush of work in recent weeks.


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3. "Pour It Up" by Rihanna
Riri's fierce stripper moves top our list of the greatest pole-dances in music video history!
2. "Blurred Lines" by Robin Thicke (ft. T.I. and Pharrell Williams)
What's harder than getting this song out of our head? Getting this video out of our head. Controversial? Yes. But undeniably hot.


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Good for mosquitoes, flies & gnats but not horse or deer flies
posted 6 years ago
Where I live, we have a lot of deer flies and horse flies. There are times those flies are so bad that you can't ride. However, this product does seem to work on the smaller insects.
Pros: Good for mosquitoes, flies & gnats
Cons: Doesn't seem to work for horse or deer flies
0 of 0 people found this review helpful.
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Keeps the bugs off!
posted 6 years ago
This product is very useful during the late spring and summer months when the flies, mosquitoes and pnats are so bad. Keep this on hand for barrel races and trail rides.
Pros: Easy to use.
Cons: n/a
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Golf CountryRead MoreWith 160 driving range tees, 72 miniature golf holes, and 16 batting cages spread across its three locations, Golf Country provides ample opportunity for visitors to hone all aspects of their swings. Each driving range features overhead lights for practicing after the sun goes down for the evening, as well as a number of covered, heated tees that allow for practice when the sun goes down forever. The Easton and Saugus locations offer one 18-hole miniature golf course apiece, while the Middleton location showcases two courses. Nicknamed the Millpond Course and the Stone Bridge Course, Middleton's miniature tracks meander through large flower beds, flowering trees, and ample water features.530 Turnpike St.Easton, MA US
Stix Fun CenterRead MoreChris Congdon always wanted to own his own driving range. But before he could do that, he had to take care of a few things on the course, first. After turning pro in 1993, Congdon went on to win numerous tournaments, including the 2002 Boston Open. A short while later, after a detour into the world of sales, Chris returned to his passion by purchasing the former Airport Golf in North Attleboro in 2012. Almost immediately, Chris began to make the facility all his own, beginning first by renaming it Stix Fun Center. Soon after, he completely renovated the driving range, upgraded the facility?s batting cages, and even recarpeted the mini-golf course so that families could play and trash-talk one another on an even playing field. Stix Fun Center also serves Del's frozen lemonade.582 Kelley BlvdNorth Attleboro, MA US
Hitzone Performance CenterRead MoreIt's the most difficult achievement in all of sports. So difficult, in fact, that doing it only 30% off time is considered excellent. That's hitting a baseball, and Hitzone Performance Center makes practicing the allusive feat an accessible one. Their batting cages are furnished with fast-pitch machines available for 30- and 60-minute sessions. Coaches and players can also step into tunnels replete with tees and L-screens, which coaches can stand behind for protection while pitching the ball themselves. Soft toss is available, too, for softball players to perfect timing and swings. To arm warriors of the dirt-diamond, they also carry equipment from top-manufacturers such as Louisville Slugger and Rawlings.27 Perkins StreetBridgewater, MA US
Family FunwayRead MoreIts name sounds suspiciously like the venerable ballpark in Boston, and it's true: you can swing for the fences inside Family Funway. At this Foxboro-based entertainment venue, guests step up to the plate inside slow, medium, and fast batting cages. But that's just a fraction of the fun at their fingertips. After all, they can also putt their way across an 18-hole miniature golf course and tear around a racetrack behind the wheels of gas-powered go-karts. On warm days, bumper boats equipped with squirt guns provide an easy way to cool off and an even easier way to decide which sibling will inherit the family submarine. In addition to regular visits, Family Funway's collection of activities makes it a great place to host memorable birthday parties and other group outings.2 Washington St.Foxboro, MA US
The Funway FoxboroRead MoreFresh air fills kids' lungs as they race through the myriad outdoor activities at Funway Foxboro, powering them through afternoon marathons of inflatable castles and miniature greens. A waterfall cascades over the mini-golf course, which overlooks a pool churning in the wake of bumper boats bouncing off each other as they collide. Conversely, go-karters try to avoid impact with their fellow drivers as they speed along, and pitching machines vainly attempt to sneak baseballs past sluggers at the batting cages. At both the rock-climbing wall and inflatable moon bounce, visitors can conquer gravity without traveling back in time to hand Isaac Newton a hard hat. Everything from Dippin' Dots to pizza refuels guests at the concession hut, where Funway Foxboro also hosts birthday parties featuring surprise appearances from its mascot, Funway Fox.2 Washington StreetFoxborough, MA US
Milford Sports CenterRead MoreHoused in a multisport training facility, Milford Sports Center's cadre of professional coaches oversees fitness classes and practice spaces to help athletes groom their games of golf, baseball, and softball. Former Boston Red Sox catcher and two-time MLB All-Star Rich Gedman headlines the Center's baseball program, which encompasses private and semiprivate lessons and an annual summer camp that teaches little leaguers the basics of hitting, base running, defense, and seed spitting. For more independent training, hitters can crack line drives in the Center's 11 batting cages, which offer both softball- and baseball-pitching machines. Piercing drives echo from the Center's indoor golf-training facilities, where players hone their swings away from the threat of inclement weather or flash-mobbing water hazards. The Full Swing Golf simulator lets clubbers seek out pars on digital replicas of 64 world-famous courses, including Pebble Beach, Bay Harbor, and the Old Course at St. Andrews. Fitness trainers also guide guests through a circuit of up-tempo, rhythmic exercises in Zumba classes.132 Central StreetMilford, MA US


text:
Jose Ramos
Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer
Solar company sees 23,577% revenue growth in past three years
Astrum Solar President Vadim Polikov on the factors driving the solar company's huge growth.
20 Maryland companies make 2012 Inc. 500 list
Astrum Solar ranked highest in the state, and second overall on the list, with 23,577 percent growth in the last three years.
Program brings sunny summer to solar installers
Astrum Solar installed the solar panels on the first installation completed in a slew of projects in the works through the Solarize program.
Sudbury group reaches threshold in Solarize Mass program
The Green Communities of Lincoln, Sudbury and Wayland have reached the threshold that guarantees the lowest pricing available, with two months left to go before the deadline.
Wayland, Lincoln, Sudbury achieve Solarize Mass milestone
The three communities together are under a single Solarize Massachusetts grant and collectively achieved the milestone.
Business showing interest in Solarize program
Jeff Caligari hopes Solarize Mass is the answer to his store's rising utility costs.
Massachusetts solar program drawing attention
Two Berkshire communities are participating in a statewide effort to expand the use of solar energy in private homes and small businesses.
Astrum Solar selected as Solarize Mass installer for Wayland, Lincoln and Sudbury
Solarize Massachusetts Wayland and the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) are announce the selection of Astrum Solar as the Solarize Mass installer for Wayland, Lincoln and Sudbury.
Large installers and financiers dominate the residential market in Massachusetts
The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center has made data on the number of projects funded through the Commonwealth solar grant available to the public.
Renting solar panels to save money
The latest trend in solar power is leasing panels to save money over and above utility cost benefits.


text: Light is beginning to fill my house this morning. From my bedroom I can see it creeping up the stairs coming for me but yesterday began with little light. I am not that woman that likes to look into the past too often. This year my motto has been Pa'lante which literally translates to forward. I have been working towards becoming a better woman so that I can finally sit happily in my skin and just be. So, when last week a very important man from my past wrote me again on Facebook I hesitated writing him back. I sat for a minute trying to decide if responding could lead to pain the answer was yes but then I remembered a prayer I had made a year ago. (more…)


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We are retailers of the largest variety of scissors & knife cutting patterns and supplies for silhouettes & Americana, including Pennsylvania Dutch, German scherenschnitte, Polish wycinanki, Danish, Scandinavian, Swiss & Chinese designs. Great for scrapbooking, too!
Folk Art Designs
Polish, Swiss and German scherenschnitte to trace, cut or study, along with helpful information and history. Included are 8 pages printed on one side, ready to cut. 54 pages, soft cover.
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Papercutting Pattern Book
275 original designs by Claudia Hopf. This wonderful new sourcebook should be in every papercutter's library! Chockfull of designs and themes for the beginner to experienced scissorist.... Christmas, Halloween, Valentines, Pennsylvania Dutch, Shaker, Native American, Chinese, Polish, folk country scenes, farm animals, dogs, catd, birds, wild animals, flowers, nautical and months of the year. Easy to use patterns, instructions and tips for effective cutting. Highly recommended by Alison. 128 pages. Soft cover.
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Papercutting through the Year
This sourcebook by acclaimed cutter Claudia Hopf takes you through the calendar with fantastic designs for the four seasons, 26 holidays, the zodiac, birthdays and more. Instructions, helpful tips, listing of suppliers and resources also included. Easy to use patterns for beginner to advanced scissorists. A superb book for every papercutter's library. 127 pages. Soft cover.
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Papercutting Tips Tools Techniques
This "how-to" guide by acclaimed papercutter Claudia Hopf features everything beginners need to know to learn the craft, including tools, step-by-step instructions, finishing tips, staining, painting and mounting. 83 patterns for traditional designs and seasonal decorations and more! (animals,birds,bibical,mythical,folk art,Pennsylvania Dutch,shelf paper designs,Easter egg decorations,Christmas,Halloween) 104 color photos of examples of papercuttings from a variety of cultures and artists provide lots of inspiration. Softcover. Highly recommended by Alison.
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Scherenschnitte - Traditional Papercutting Book 2
A pattern book with over 60 folk art designs, ready to copy. There is a brief history and directions for cutting. Includes 2 birth or marriage certificates, lots of birds, butterflies, floral designs and 7 heart motifs. Bound in a rib-style binder so patterns can easily be removed. Suitable for a BEGINNER-INTERMEDIATE scissorist. 22 pages, soft cover.
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Scherenschnitte For All Seasons
A pattern book with over 60 folk art designs, ready to copy. There is a brief history and directions for cutting. Includes Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Easter, Valentine, Aesop's Fables, animals, birds, and several Pennsylvania Dutch folded motifs. Contained in a rib-style binder so patterns can easily be removed. Suitable for a BEGINNER-INTERMEDIATE scissorist. 23 pages, soft cover.
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Scherenschnitte Pattern Book No. 3
Includes a concise history, directions for cutting, and over 50 folk designs of birds, animals, hearts, flowers, Musicians of Bremen, Noah's Ark, Christmas, American Eagle and 3 designs suitable for birth or marriage certificates. Some patterns are designed to be cut on a single fold. Bound in a rib-style binder so patterns can easily be removed. Suitable for a BEGINNER-INTERMEDIATE scissorist. (22 pages)
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Scherenschnitte-Traditional papercutting Book 1
Includes brief European history with simple European type patterns to cut. Many adaptable ideas including tips on cutting. Excellent for the BEGINNER. 32 pages, soft cover.
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Silhouettes Contemporary Paper Cutting Projects
In her second wonderful book, author Sharyn Sowell, shares with her readers 24 innovative and unusual decorative projects that will lend a fresh, modern touch to any room in your home. Try incorporating silhouettes on pillows, clock faces, storage boxes, window shades, lamp shades, napkin rings, coasters, place mats, glass plates, Christmas ornaments, and so much more! Plus Sharyn includes detailed instructions with clear color photos, tips, info on tools, supplies, techniques, and 88 versatile patterns to copy! (children, fairies, deer, flowers, leaves, shells, cats, dogs, birds, fashions, furniture, people,chefs, etc, ) Quick, easy and inexpensive projects sure to please the novice through advanced papercut enthusiast searching for a stylish, new look in silhouette design. Highly recommended by Alison. 128 pages. SOFT COVER
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The Folk Art of Scissor Cutting
Includes a history of scherenschnitte from China, Germany, Poland. Instructions and patterns to complete 19 cuttings. Includes hearts, florals, birds, dancing couple, Christmas trees, Swiss woodland scene, also wedding heart certificate, Adam & Eve, and Bremen Town Orchestra (as shown) and 21 illustrations. Suitable for a BEGINNER-INTERMEDIATE. 26 page, soft cover.
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Papercuttings by Alison
P.O. Box 2771, Dept. W
Sarasota, Florida 34230
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Power Spy Lite 2.20
Power Spy Lite secretly logs Facebook, Skype, keystrokes, chats & IMs, emails, web visits, video talk, logins, passwords, applications, searches and more. It also takes screenshots like a surveillance camera. Lets you know exactly what they do on a computer screen while you are away. Automatically sends log reports to your email. Starts monitoring with system startup. Runs silently and invisibly.
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Micro Survival 2.2
You play as a bacterium fighting for the survival of the entire species. Too many bacteria, not enough food. You have to eat what you catch before it's eaten by other bacteria.
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Meme Creator 2.5
MemeCreator is a program that will allow you to create memes on your own background image. It's difficult to find a desktop application for creating memes, and online generators do not allow you to select an image on your own. MemeCreator has no templates! Specify the path to the image size of the future meme, top and bottom labels and select all your own. With MemeCreator, creation of memes is more convenient, fast and fun!
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Webcam Video Capture 5.904
Capture webcams, streaming video, full screen, part of the screen and even video with sound. Seeing is believing! Use it to make people witness what you want to convey through an audio-visual medium. Demonstrate product, create presentation with your own audio narration, make voiceover tutorial, or walk through a website review.There are times when sharing exactly what you see on your screen is the quickest and clearest way to communicate.
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Space Hero 2.2
2030 to the Land was crushed terrible catastrophe. The Ensemble asteroid has begun to fall to The ground. The Mankind was found on galley proof of death and for the reason protection from asteroid was created unique spaceship whole with one revenge for pilot. You there is try the role cosmic Hero and rescue the Land from VWVload on asteroid. The Play is executed in bright and colorful stiletto. But track record of the fighting and increasing to d
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SterJo FileZilla Decryptor 1.0
SterJo FileZilla Decryptor instantly recovers and decrypts lost FileZilla Passwords for all FTP sites stored by FileZilla Client. The application is lightweight and doesn't require much computer resources like CPU or RAM. Also it is very simple to use it and doesn't have any advanced settings. The interface is based on a small window where the passwords are decoded and has a few buttons only. Starting with version 3.10, FileZilla have changed the password storing method from plain text to encrypted so this application will not work on older FileZilla Clients. SterJo FileZilla Decryptor works on all Windows platform starting from Windows XP to the latest Windows 8 where at least FileZilla Client 3.10 or above is installed.
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Eyes Keeper 5.4
Sitting at your computer all day, glued to your favorite site? This application is exactly what you need to rest those tired eyes. It will remind you at the appropriate time when you need a little break. The application allows you to set the reminder interval, and other customization options to make you more comfortable.
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PDF Writer for Windows Server 2016 1.01
Handy and intuitive, PDF Server for Windows Server 2016 works seamlessly with most business applications. Through a familiar Print Dialog interface, you can convert existing documents to PDF. A detailed tutorial can guide you through all the functions and features at hand. Anyone looking for a solid PDF solution will find it in PDF Writer for Windows Server 2016. Backward compatible with Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP clients.
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Falco Calculator 7.2
Falco Calculator is a useful program for education. It allows to calculate entered meanings of variables which are introduced as a formula.
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Bopup IM Suite Enterprise Pack 4.3.16
Replace public IMs and serverless LAN messengers with your own private and secure instant messaging & chat system with full management and history features. Manage user permissions and rights, organize groups, integrate with existing Active Directory catalog, get messenger branded with company logotype. The system provides strong encryption by default. This software bundle includes communication server and 100 instant messenger clients.
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Fake Webcam 7 188.8.131.526
Fake webcam 7 installs itself as a webcam on your PC and broadcasts a video. Use it with any application including Yahoo, Skype, Window Live/MSN, Gtalk, Camfrog, AIM. Also works with web apps like Justin.tv, iVideoChat, LiveVideo, UStream.tv etc. You can play all type of videos including AVI, MPEG, MPG, WMV, RM, RAM, MOV, M1V, MP2, MPA, VOB, ASF, DAT, FLV, FLV2, MP4, SWF, BMP, PNG, JPG etc.You can even use it with multiple programs simultaneously
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Road Wars 2.5
It's not just about winning the race, this tournament is about survival. Only one car will be intact by the end of the race, the winner of course. At the beginning of the game choose your car and get into the fray. In addition to weapons on your car, scattered all over the ring are aids, including kits. Be prepared when the tournament starts!
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IBID Info MBOX to PST Converter Tool 126.96.36.199
Need to Convert MBOX/MBX Files to MS Outlook PST Format? Due to some situation when you are operate Apple Mac OS in the office and Windows operating system on your house. In that condition if you want to access Apple mail in your personal computer then you should export MBOX files into PST format. But Mac OS is little complicated to handle then Outlook and need experience to operate, so most of the organizations want to switch back to MS Outlook. That?s why, in order to perform conversion of MBOX file into PST format, we have to download a proficient and user-friendly IBID Info MBOX to PST converter tool. It supports almost email client application that support MBOX format such as: PocoMail, Postbox, Eudora, Spicebird, Netscape, Power Mail, Entourage, Apple Mail, Thunderbird, Mozzila Mail, Seamonkey, postbox and Opera email clients. User can convert limitless MBOX files to PST format as we provide you a cheap and low prize utility at very reasonable prize. So please evaluate first the trial version before pur ...
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Duplicate File Remover 3.6
Duplicate File Remover is a powerful tool to locate file duplicates on your computer (dedupe). It scans the computer and lists duplicate files based on Byte for Byte Comparison, which ensures 100% accuracy. Duplicate files can be deleted, hard-linked or moved. The list of duplicate files can be sorted, exported to an HTML report, and acted upon.
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Spooky Range 4.9
An exciting 3D shooting gallery in a spooky Halloween setting. The game will provide you with fun moments ... and perhaps some really bad ones too. You must perform tasks at various locations - from caves to castles. Get ready to strike many targets and you'll need to hone your shooting skills to score high. Initially your enemies will be pumpkins and bats, but as you advance you will shoot skeletons and battle huge bosses.
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Cats Paradise 2.7
Cat's Paradise is a game for all cat lovers. This sweet creature awaits a loving owner. Care for your Cat, take out the garbage, give him a balanced diet and take care of his overall health. If the cat is bad neglected, he could die! Only your effort and love will save it. Care for your pet so it will outlive the rest.
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Remember Cat 2.3
ALL FANS OF CATS IS DEDICATED TO!!! Memory development game with such cute and exited cats in! this game cannot leave indifferent not children, nor adults.
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Bopup Messenger 6.5.5
Secure instant messenger designed to communicate over LAN and enterprise-size networks. This easy to use and light-weight IM client offers a set of corporate features and answers most of the business needs you may have. The messenger is based on a fully managed client/server platform which providesl IM logging, user grouping, offline & scheduled news messaging, file transfer. Bopup Messenger fully supports Terminal Server/Citrix environment.
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Total Recall 2.8
Recall All is the game that tests visual memory much like the classic card game Old Maid. On the playing field a few pairs of the hidden pictures are randomly located. The goal is to open all the images in the least amount of moves. This is achieved by opening the two identical cards consecutively. Nine pictures total must be matches. Do you have a good visual memory? You can check right now!
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SCP 354 Episode Three 2.6
The game tells us about the agent who was sent to an area of unknown origin called Red Lake. Rumors say strange, previously unknown creatures emerge from the lake. Something happened to a local station which stopped communicating. Go there and untangle the mess!
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Turtle Lu 5.3
Day after day, Lu watched creepy little caterpillars crawl past his window. Everywhere. Like the pitter patter of birds on a tin roof, the squirming sensation of moles crawling under the floor. The days flew by, each like the one before, monotonous. Lu lay down with the sunset every night, and awoke to the cock-a-doodle doo of the rooster outside every morning.
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Zortam Mp3 Media Studio PORTABLE 19.20
Zortam Mp3 Media Studio is all-in-one Mp3 application suite. It has several modules such us Zortam Mp3 Auto Tagger, Mp3 Organizer, ID3 Tag Editor, Mp3 Player, Mp3 Normalizer, Mp3 to Wav converter. With Zortam Mp3 Media Studio you can batch auto tag your Mp3 files using Zortam database. Batch auto tag process download Cover Art, Lyrics and other metadata and automatically tags your Mp3 files.
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Zortam Mp3 Media Studio 19.20
Zortam Mp3 Media Studio is all-in-one Mp3 application suite. It has several modules such us Zortam Mp3 Auto Tagger, Mp3 Organizer, ID3 Tag Editor, Mp3 Player, Mp3 Normalizer, Mp3 to Wav converter. With Zortam Mp3 Media Studio you can batch auto tag your Mp3 files using Zortam database. Batch auto tag process download Cover Art, Lyrics and other metadata and automatically tags your Mp3 files.
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Power Spy 2015 11.56
Power Spy secretly logs Facebook, Skype, keystrokes, chats & IMs, emails, web visits, video talk, microphone, logins, passwords, applications, searches and more. It also takes screenshots like a surveillance camera. Lets you know exactly what they do on a computer screen while you are away. Automatically sends log reports to your email or ftp. Starts monitoring with system startup. Runs silently and invisibly.
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RasterVect 21.9.12
RasterVect can transform any raster images (BMP,GIF,TIFF,JPEG,PNG and so on) into a vector format. Raster images can be imported by scanning original paper images. The target vector formats (DXF,WMF,EMF,AI and EPS) are supported by most CAD applications that use vector graphics, such as Corel Draw, AutoCAD, Adobe Illustrator. There are viewing tools like color selection, scrolling, zooming and tools for vector and raster editing.
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Lots of additives
posted 7 years ago
Really takes the stress off the momma cat. She had way too many kittens but one of these per cat and they would be full. They were so cute when they were little.
Pros: great size, 2.oz
Cons: none
11 of 11 people found this review helpful.
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Great for emergencies!
posted 7 years ago
This is good, but I prefer to make it myself. It is cheaper to buy a large can of kmr and mix it yourself.
Pros: fast, easy, good for kittens
Cons: none
5 of 5 people found this review helpful.
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Pink is my favorite color these are wonderful.I will recommend a good website fou you: www.9footballshirt.org
Freshpet Select Roasted Meals for Cat
June 28, 2013 | By Kittymom314
I introduced this food to my two cats, one is a senior at 13 years and the other is about 7 years. Both females. The 7 year old is a new addition, recently adopted :) Because of their age differenc… more ›


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Grande Jewelryhttp://grandejewelry.blogspot.com/
Welcome to our Jewelry Blog. While blogging, we will be keeping you posted with the latest trends in fine diamond jewelry set in 14k gold. Every piece of jewelry will carry it owns distinct look. On our blog, anyone can find some piece of jewelry that they adore. What's not to love? Our blog displays assorted rings, earrings, pendants, and bracelets from our very own website. We carry black diamond, brown diamond, colored gemstones, stainless steel and more exciting styles! When looking for a great gift idea for your loved one, a friend, or even yourself, we are certain that our blog will give you the perfect idea.
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This planter is the perfect modern piece for your home, office, or workplace. Available in four sizes, a window box, and two troughs, the options are endless. Coming standard in an antique faux lead finish, and made with fiberglass this planter is quite aesthetically pleasing.
Product dimensions
Small 16"W x 16"H x 16"L
Medium 20"W x 20"H x 20"L
Large 24"W x 24"H x 24"L
Extra Large 35"W x 35"H x 35"L
Small Trough 12"W x 20"H x 47"L
Large Trough 16"W x 28"H x 55"L
Window Box 9"W x 9"H x 36"L
Comes standard in Antique Faux Lead Finish - Also available for custom order in 80 different RAL/British Standard colors. (12 week lead time from UK factory) This planter comes without drainage holes as standard, but we are happy to pre-drill them upon request. Ship time: 7-10 days
Stainless steel watering cans. Three sizes.Small:H: 9" (23 cm)D: 4.7" (12 cm)V: 47.3 oz. (1.4 L)Medium:H: 11.8" (30 cm)D: 6.3" (16 cm)V: 101.4 oz. (3 L)Large:H: 15" (38 cm)D: 7.1" (18 cm)V: 169.1 oz. (5 L)
The Art Glass styles enhance the standard clear Aurora String Lights with the unique color and texture of hand blown glass in vibrant jewel tones. Choose from Sea Glass with its cool blues and greens or the fiery red and orange color of the Nectar design. Both styles feature the same 25 foot total length with 15 foot space between the solar collector and the first of six 2.5" globes....
Like sparkling jewelry for your garden, the Aurora glow string lights glittering hand-blown glass spheres hang from their copper hooks on trellises, trees or any garden structure. The solar collector can be located up to 15 feet away on its garden stake or wall. Available with a choice of amber or white LEDs. The set consists of 6 hand blown 2.5" glass globes, copper hanging hooks, and solar panel with...
Who's heard of Houzz? Many of us have the same decor simply because creating a new one or changing one aspect can feel daunting. Houzz, created by Adi and Alon, is a free online service used by over 20 million...


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Direct Vent Fireplace
I plan to install a direct vent gas fired fireplace--exterior wall. Does any MFG make a shallow model that doesn't protrude very far into the room? Thanks for any help:)
Take a look at Vermont Castings. Their quality is good. I just installed a direct vent freestanding stove style. It does protrude into the room a fair amount but they have other models and styles that may fit your situation.
This is the one I installed.
Check this page for different models. They will have spec sheets with clearances that should give you an idea as to the depth.
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