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First Known Use: before 12th century
verb \ˈwȯk\
: to move with your legs at a speed that is slower than running
: to go with (someone) to a place by walking : to walk with (someone)
: to cause (an animal) to go for a walk with you : to take (an animal) for a walk
Full Definition of WALK
intransitive verb
a : to move along on foot : advance by stepsb : to come or go easily or readilyc : to go on foot for exercise or pleasured : to go at a walk
: to go to first base as a result of a base on balls
of an inanimate objecta : to move in a manner that is suggestive of walkingb : to stand with an appearance suggestive of strides <pylons walking across the valley>
of an astronaut : to move about in space outside a spacecraft
: to avoid criminal prosecution or conviction <walked on a technicality>
transitive verb
a : to pass on foot or as if on foot through, along, over, or upon : traverse, perambulate <walk the streets> <walk a tightrope>b : to perform or accomplish by going on foot <walk guard>
a : to cause (an animal) to go at a walk : take for a walk <walking a dog>b (1) : to cause to move by walking <walked her bicycle up the hill> (2) : to haul (as an anchor) by walking round the capstan
: to follow on foot for the purpose of measuring, surveying, or inspecting <walk a boundary>
a : to accompany on foot : walk with <walked her home>b : to compel to walk (as by a command)c : to bring to a specified condition by walking <walked us off our feet>
: to move (an object) in a manner suggestive of walking
: to perform (a dance) at a walking pace <walk a quadrille>
: to give a base on balls to
— walk away from
: to outrun or get the better of without difficulty
: to survive (an accident) with little or no injury
: to give up or leave behind willingly : abandon
— walk off with
a : to steal and take awayb : to take over unexpectedly from someone else : steal 1d <walked off with the show>
: to win or gain especially by outdoing one's competitors without difficulty
— walk on
— walk on eggshells or walk on eggs
: to exercise extreme caution
— walk over
: to treat contemptuously
— walk the plank
: to walk under compulsion over the side of a ship into the sea
: to resign an office or position under compulsion
— walk through
: to go through (as a theatrical role or familiar activity) perfunctorily (as in an early stage of rehearsal)
: to guide (as a novice) through an unfamiliar or complex procedure step-by-step
: to deal with or carry out perfunctorily
See walk defined for kids
Examples of WALK
- Is your grandson walking yet?
- He walks home from school every day.
- It's not far; you can walk there in five minutes.
- It was a while after the accident before she could walk again.
- He walked away without saying goodbye!
- She turned and walked away from him.
- The driver walked away from the accident unharmed.
- They walk around the neighborhood every morning for exercise.
- We walked around the city all day seeing the sights.
- He walked to the store.
Origin of WALK
partly from Middle English walken (past welk, past participle walken), from Old English wealcan to roll, toss, journey about (past weolc, past participle wealcen) and partly from Middle English walkien (past walked, past participle walked), from Old English wealcian to roll up, muffle up; akin to Middle Dutch walken to knead, press, full
: an act of walking : an act of going somewhere by walking
: a place or path for walking
: an organized event in which people walk to raise money for a particular cause or group
Full Definition of WALK
a : an act or instance of going on foot especially for exercise or pleasure <go for a walk>b : space walk
: a place or area of land in which animals feed and exercise with minimal restraint
: distance to be walked <a quarter mile walk from here>
British : a ceremonial procession
a : the gait of a biped in which the feet are lifted alternately with one foot not clear of the ground before the other touchesb : the gait of a quadruped in which there are always at least two feet on the ground; specifically : a 4-beat gait of a horse in which the feet strike the ground in the sequence near hind, near fore, off hind, off forec : a low rate of speed <the shortage of raw materials slowed production to a walk>
: a route regularly traversed by a person in the performance of a particular activity (as patrolling, begging, or vending)
: characteristic manner of walking <his walk is just like his father's>
: an easy victory <won in a walk>
— walk in the park
: an easy or pleasurable experience
Examples of WALK
- The cliff walk along the ocean is very popular.
- Many exotic plants can be found along the walk.
First Known Use of WALK
14th century
Related to WALK
- Synonyms
- amble, constitutional, perambulation, ramble, range, saunter, stroll, turn, wander
Learn More About WALK
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John Smit says Schalk Burger should be the next Springbok captain.
Smit, who led the Boks in 83 Tests, said discussions about his successor date back to 2008. Smit, now with Saracens, claimed Burger ticked all the boxes to fill the void left after his retirement from Test rugby.
'There might be a young player who performs well and is awarded the captaincy, but my money is on Schalk,' Smit, speaking at the official opening of the Saracens Field of Dreams in Kayamandi, Stellenbosch, said.
'He has the most experience and is the one who commands the most respect among the Boks. It will be the smoothest transition.He is a hard worker, tough as nails and he understands people.'
Keo.co.za understands that former Springbok forward coach Gert Smal is favourite to be named head coach. In this event, there is a strong possibility that Burger will be named captain. Smal coached the flanker with Western Province and the Stormers and has regularly spoken of his admiration for him as a player and leader.
The decision on the coach will be announced on 27 January, but Smit refused to be drawn on the issue. 'I'm sure the decision has been made already,' he said. 'The South African Rugby Union [Saru] were smart in not making the announcement yet as they have been criticised for impulsive decisions in the past.'
He did, however, offer that the vision of the next man in charge would be decisive in the appointment of the captain. 'It depends on the sort of leader he wants,' Smit said. 'He may want to do something different with the Boks.'

subset: commoncrawl


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DIXON – In a volleyball match filled with more turns and twists than a bag of pretzels, Dixon rallied from a 2-1 deficit after dropping the third set by 14 points to outlast White Oak – but only after seeing the Vikings force the 15-point fifth set into overtime.
White Oak faced match point five times – and four times staved off defeat. But the Bulldogs, who faced one match point as well, claimed the win on their fifth chance for an 18-16 victory in the decisive final set Monday night in the highly competitive nonconference match.
Dixon (2-3) won the first set 25-18 and then the Vikings (4-4) claimed the next two, 25-21 and 25-11, before the Bulldogs won the fourth 25-12 to force the fifth set.
"Intense," Dixon coach Heather Moore said. "Stressed out? Yeah."
Not that Moore was all that surprised.
"It's typical of how we've been playing. When we're on, we're on and we're very strong," she said. "When we're off, we're off, like we're all off. It's not one person, it's several people. Our passing was fantastic today. Our back row played very well. They got to balls. Serve-receive, they passed very well. So that helped out a lot."
While disappointed in the loss, White Oak coach Brenda Wickwire liked her team's effort.
"Pretty exciting – real exciting," she said. "I have to admit after we won that third game I was hoping it wouldn't be so difficult to get through the fourth game and that we'd have a little momentum. But I'm not sure what happened.
"They just sort of got us, caught us a little flat and then it sort of rolled on us. The next thing you know it was like 8-2. But I'm really proud of them because it's always hard to play to 15. I asked them to take risks and not play safe.
"So I feel like that they worked hard and did try to hit balls and take risks. So I'm pleased with that last game. I'll live with it. I swear I thought they showed a lot of poise out there. They didn't look at nervous as I felt."
While each team had its highlight moments, more points were won off errors, some of which were forced by well-placed returns by the other side. But each team was also guilty of mistakes, although the errors weren't because of a lack of effort.
"Lots of hustling," Moore said.
The intensity and hustle was ratcheted up even more in the fifth set.
Dixon jumped out to a 7-3 lead behind a block and two kills by Zenora Saelua and three straight mistakes by the Vikings, who then rallied to tie it at 8-8 on three consecutive errors and five in six serves by the Bulldogs.
Dixon scored six of the next eight points to go up 14-10, moving to within a point of winning the match on an ace by Cassidy O'Brien. But WOHS rallied on two kills by Emily McLain and one by Houston Etscheidt as part of a 5-0 run that included two mistakes by Dixon.
The result: WOHS led 15-14.
But a wide shot by the Vikings left the match tied, and Dixon, which led 16-15 only to see McLain tie it on a kill, put the match away on a net return by the Vikings and a shot by Kenna Silance that left the Vikings weren't quite able to return, leaving McLain sprawled on the floor in one last desperate try to get the ball over the net.
"I hate it for them," Wickwire said of the defeat. "But I'm proud of them. They don't have anything to feel ashamed of. They played hard."
Moore said the match should help her team prepare for its first league match in the East Central 2-A Conference on Thursday against Croatan. Dixon moved up from 1-A after statewide realignment.
"It's a good match to lead us into Thursday's game," she said, "and it just shows that when we're hot and we want it, we can do. We just can't get into a lull."
White Oak 18 25 25 12 16
Dixon 25 21 11 25 18
LEADING PLAYERS—WO: Earley 6 points, 12 assists; Etscheidt 6 points, 12 assists; Mobley 5 hits; Brower 12 points, 13 hits; McLain 11 points, 12 hits, 14 kills. D: Collett 14 service points, 4 aces; Rochelle 13 service points, 19 assists, 3 aces; Merritt 8 service points, 2 aces; Aquafredda 4 kills; Creech 6 kills; Saeger 6 kills; Griggs 3 kills; Slance 3 kills. RECORDS—WO: 4-4, at Richlands today. D: 2-3, hosts Croatan on Thursday.


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La Sportiva Men's Nepal EVO GTX Boot
FEATURES of the La Sportiva Men's Nepal EVO GTX Boot
- Innovative 3D flex ankle
- Removable, adjustable, variable fit tongue provides the perfect dialed-in fit
- Impact brake system outsole for excellent traction and cushioning
- Insulating Ibi-thermo insole
SPECIFICATIONS of the La Sportiva Men's Nepal EVO GTX Boot
- Weight: 35.7 oz / 1012 g
- Upper: 3.2mm silicone impregnated Idro-Perwanger Roughout Leather with high-abrasion resistant fabric/ Vibram rubber rands
- Lining: Gore-Tex Insulated Comfort Footwear
- Insole: Insulating Ibi-Thermo 9mm
- Midsole: 8-9mm TPU/ PU inserts/ SBR Aircushion
- Sole: Vibram with Impact Brake System
- Construction: Board Lasted
- Last: Nepal
This product can only be shipped within the United States. Please don't hate us.
custy reviews
for the La Sportiva Men's Nepal EVO GTX Boot
Average Custy Rating:
(based on 42 reviews)
|Love it
|Big Ups
Bad Ass Mo Fo
Sort of Experienced
Under 18
Over 45
Easy on and easy off but you'll want to leave them on. At first these boots felt small compared to plastic double boots. However, after 1 minute of use I realized how good a light pair of ice climbing boots feels when climbing or walking. Compact, warm, and dry these boots are Ferraris for your feet. Extremely comfortable for approach hiking and a powerful platform for front pointing vertical ice, these boots outperform plastic in every way. The locking lacing system is an excellent feature for getting a sweet custom fit on your feet every time. These boots hold your foot gently but firmly to give a great feel of tightness, yet with plenty of circulation and movement in your toes unlike a tight rock shoe.
These are the best boots on the planet in my opinion. I ordered a full size up from my normal size to accommodate thick socks and layers as well as foot swelling. They fit great. A little on the stiff side and don't break in much, but that is what I was looking for. My BD crampons fit without issue. I highly recommend these over heavy double plastics for the right conditions.
I've had my Nepals for a couple of seasons and love them. I have a slightly wide 10.5 US foot (between D and E width), and the Nepals in 44 fit perfectly - the last is a little wider than some other La Sportivas. The lacing system is the key - ability to leave the forefoot comfortable, lock that in, and then crank the ankle to upper eyelets tighter and lock the heel down - just a great feature when you have a long slog in, but might want to snug them up a little more at the base of the business. The removable "extra" tongue works well, stays put, and lets you dial in the volume over the midfoot, rather than the poorer solution of adding or subtracting socks. The construction is bomber. The weight is what you'd expect - between a lightweight hiker and a double boot. Surprisingly hikable for their burliness - the right combo of rocker and stiffness to cover miles without beating up your feet, and frontpoint and step-kick at will. The welts fit my various Grivel crampons perfectly.
Other than Denali or Mount Logan (and the like), this boot is perfect and keeps you dry and thus warm. I trounced in the snow for days as we camped on glaciers without any wetness issues. You have to take care of them as they are leather.
I searched around forever to find the right mountaineering boot for me, and boy I'm happy I found these. They have a well deserved reputation as the best single, "classic leather" mountaineering boot on the planet. They're beefy and very warm, but with enough 'feel' that you can climb some pretty sketchy stuff without missing your approach shoes. They're also very comfy: 10 miles of breaking them in and they felt just right. No blisters, no hot spots, and 60 lbs on my back didn't make my feet hurt. Sweet!I have a US 11 street size, and bought 45s. I'm happy with that choice, as thick socks plus the pack load means I fill out the larger boot but with feel for the rocks/snow under foot.
I'm a lineman and was looking for a good winter boot, heard a lot of good things from co workers who wear sportiva for work so I gave them a try. So far so good, a little stiff at first but I was warned of that and they seem to be getting better.
Fit of these boots is just what I expected. Good thing about them is the lace lock system between the lower and upper boots. You can keep the lower a bit looser and tighten down the uppers. I really like how they hike but immediately replaced the insole with an aftermarket for more arch support. I use BD Cyborg crampons in mono and felt very precise when climbing rock and could stick my point on small edges and feel very solid. Felt very stable on ice as well. Nice rigid platform when on nothing but front points yet flexible enough to drop your heels. Warmth was as expected....they are really warm!!
I compared this boot to the Scarpa Mont Blanc, which, in many respects is similar. I finally went for the Nepal due to its superb possibilities of dialing in a fit. The laces can be clamped at the middle eye, which allows the bottom and top half to be tightened differently. Removable tongues give you even more ways to customize your fit. The Mont Blanc has also tongues that can be shifted around, but they are permanently connected to the boot.I wear a 12 in street shoes. For the Nepals I got a 12.5, which allows me to wear them with a thin liner sock and a fat expedition sock on top. With both socks on, my foot length is 29.5cm. The fit is narrower/lower volume than that of the Mont Blanc.
It truly is very versatile in its ability to be used in the Alpine or on tech ice, long slogs are very tolerable whether in snow or on the trail. unlike double boots where you can remove the liners this may not be the first choice for trips you can't dry them out. On the other hand day long or shorter adventures in wet conditions these are still top notch. I found these to be nice and warm even in sub zero temps as well as breathable enough for warmer temps (up to 80). .Full disclosure, although I purchased these boots, I occasionally receive products from the GoreTex Mountain Techs community for participation in their program.
Sportiva Nepals are immensely popular. The leather construction makes them incredibly durable, and warm. Comfortable to walk in for long approaches, I forget I'm in such a heavy-duty boot. Great for ice climbing with the full shank and slight flex. This boot sees more Rainier summits than any other for good reason. Fit is a little narrow, but fits many foot types well. There are better boots out there for more technical use, but the Nepal is perhaps the best all-around mountain boot, and certainly one of the most durable.
Ships FREE When will I get it?


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School and county officials agreed Tuesday that they should talk further about how the schools are funded by the county.
The two boards met at the Onslow County Multipurpose Complex for more than an hour Tuesday, a week after Board of Education officials spoke during the Board of Commissioners public hearing regarding the 2013-14 proposed budget and the funding formula not being used while creating it.
The goal was, members of both boards said, to simply talk.
"I think that if we'd had dialogue … we might not be here today," said Board of Education Chairwoman Pam Thomas.
The two boards tossed around ideas ranging from talking more and holding joint workshops to discuss school funding during the budget process, to increasing sales tax, to the county giving Onslow County Schools what they can extra once the fiscal year is underway.
But the Board of Commissioners again asked the Board of Education the "hold the line" for the 2013-14 fiscal year.
"This year is very tight for us and that's why we're asking for the one year," said Board of Commissioners Chairman Paul Buchanan.
Finding additional money that could fund the schools is like "getting blood from a turnip," said Commissioner Jack Bright, who said that short of increasing the property taxes, he wasn't sure where the money could come from.
Raising sales tax a penny, he said, could generate $16 million while increasing property tax the same amount would generate about $1.2 million since less than 50 percent of Onslow County's property owners are taxable. But that can't happen without state approval.
According to an April 30 letter from County Manager Jeffrey Hudson, the school system's request for an additional $2.1 million in current expense funding and an increase in capital budget funding per the funding formula was denied due to county needs and the county's unassigned fund balance, which currently sits at 11 percent.
Instead, the board voted to maintain school funding at the current amount.
A budget moved forward by the Board of Education on May 14 asks for $3 million for capital outlay and $42.859 million for the local expense fund.
For its request, the Onslow County Board of Education says it was following the formula agreed upon in writing with the Board of Commissioners in June 2009 for planning purposes.
But, according to commissioners, meeting the full requests of Onslow County Schools this year would result in a property tax increase, as would voters approving the $75 million bond referendum to pay for new school construction in November. The construction would include replacing
"If we'd met months ago … we might have reached an agreement then," Thomas said.
Buchanan suggested that both boards get through the week and approving their 2013-14 fiscal year budgets and then begin have a workshop to begin looking at the funding formula.
The Onslow County Board of Education budget includes $53.3 million for continuing ongoing services and $2.4 million for computer equipment.
Both boards are expected to finalize their 2013-14 fiscal year budgets on Thursday — Commissioners during a special meeting at 10 a.m. at Jacksonville City Hall and Board of Education at 5:30 p.m. at the Family Education Center at the Onslow County Education and Technical Support center.
Amanda Hickey is the government reporter at The Daily News and can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Visit JDNews.com to comment.


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1. Why do I say religion (as opposed to faith in the existence of God) should be discouraged?
1.1—-The pernicious tendencies of religion and the religion dividend—-
Beyond the history of religion as a pernicious force (e.g. inquisitions, holy wars, etc.), and beyond its continuing ability to divide (e.g. President Bush, "God is on our side." versus President Lincoln, "I hope we are on God's side."), religion exacts a tax on the development of our civilization that can be measured in lives lost due to wasted effort. How much time, money and effort has gone into filling the coffers of the Jimmy Swaggerts, the popes, and other religious leaders? Could not the money for building new churches instead be donated to cure cancer? Science does work. Childhood leukemias are now highly (above 90%) curable, whereas just 50 years ago they were nearly always fatal. Or how about putting some of that wasted money into education for better schools and higher paid teachers? There are likely thousands of worthy causes struggling for cash that is otherwise wasted on religion. Now, I do realize 'some' nominal amount of church money does go into cancer research and other good causes, by what fraction of it? Half? I doubt it. So cut out the middle man and send 100% of the cash to the good causes. Then instead of wasting time at church functions, people could put time into their communities. Yes. Some nominal amount of church time is spent on improving communities. But what fraction? Half. I doubt it. Cut out the middle man, and while you're cutting out the middle man, cut out the hypocrisy as well. Why do good members of faith X, Y or Z do their good deeds? Out of the goodness of their own hearts, or for the Holy reward of life after death for Christians and a harem for suicide bombers? The religious do good to save their own skins and the skins of those they care about.
2. What is wrong with morality based on religion?
2.1—-NO DOUBT there is trouble with religion—-
This, NO DOUBT, is what religion is predicated on. No doubt equals faith and conversely. Having NO DOUBT is the innate trouble of most religious doctrine. That is, religion, by its own construct, is innately pernicious, because only under a moral philosophy of NO DOUBT can entire hordes of religiously motivated people throughout the ages, by reason of their NO DOUBT faith, become (Teutonic) Nazis, KKK members, al Qaeda members, witch burners, lynchers, homophobes, misogynists, child molesters, and other numerous types of nefarious -obes, -ists and -ers in order to raze entire civilizations, pillage, plunder, murder, maim, destroy, burn books, imprison scholars, discriminate, rape, butcher, segregate, and slowly eviscerate other peoples. (I'm certain I missed a couple of good ones.) And these religiously motivated people committed these crimes and atrocities against humanity without a doubt in their minds for they were following the will of their God, NO DOUBT.
2.2—-Does lack of religion imply degeneracy?—-
If there is no religion, no faith in God, then what? Can there be no morality as Immanuel Kant would insist? Why does religion have to equate to morality? How many millions of atheists are there out there following the same basic morals of the faithful? Don't kill, steal, cheat, etc., help others, etc., these morals need not have anything to do with religion. These morals, which try to hem our wanton natures, make good sense if one wants to enjoy the fruits of civilization. Does the lack of religion make the enforcement of such morals impossible? Ask the millions of atheists.
3. Can there be alternative, less dangerous moralities?
3.1—-Morality based on the scientific method is less arrogant and thus less dangerous—-
The scientific method is based on doubt up to reproducibility. Cold fusion ala Fleshman and Ponds turned out to be bullshit. It could not be reproduced in other labs. But to follow a scientific based morality is more than this. It is to doubt everything within context. Newton's law of (scalar) gravity works well within its context—no extreme, complex gravity fields. Experiment (the orbit of Mercury with its exposure to a stronger part of the sun's gravity field) indicated there was something not completely correct with Newtonian gravity. Einstein's general theory of relativity took care of that, and we know of no experimental violations of this theory. Yet we doubt Einstein's theory is complete. We expect that someday, with sufficient technology, the experiment will come that shows cracks in Einstein's general relativity. This innate doubt of the scientific method, should, if we are good "scientists", make us humble.
In a world where people shunned NO DOUBT religious faith, and instead searched for demonstrable, defendable, repeatable facts both scientifically and logically, it seems likely there would be less risk of holy war and other such crimes. These people would categorize scientific observations and theories according to their applicability, testability, utility, and probability over other competing models. They would realize there can be no ultimate theory of truth, just models with certain ranges of utility. They would, hopefully, be decent people in the conventional sense of not stealing, cheating, killing, etc., and would, recognizing that humans also have wanton tendencies, bind themselves to secular laws designed to prevent crime and corruption for the better good of civilization.
4. Do we have to believe in God?
4.1—-Can't prove existence or non-existence of God—-must have faith—-
Immanuel Kant proved that we humans can't prove the existence of God. Still, he thought faith (if not proof) of God's existence made sense. He used a design type argument. If a watch needs an intelligent watch maker, then our complex world too, it seems, needs an intelligent creator. He also thought that lack of faith would make it impossible for civilization to arise—we'd all be killing each other off like godless savages, like the millions of today's atheists do all the time. Kant did not consider the possibility that we humans inhabit one of infinitely many universes, with this one allowing for the spontaneous evolution of life from a primordial soup of chemicals. Amino acids, which can be found in meteors, when mixed up in a simulated primitive Earth environment form polypeptide chains after all. In this case, infinite universes, we don't need an intelligent creator. This is not to say, however, that God cannot exist. One can no more prove his existence than his non-existence, but of this more will come down below.
4.2—-Occam's razor—-it's not a close shave.
In its simplest form, Occam's razor states that explanations should never multiply causes without necessity. When two explanations are offered for a phenomenon, the simplest full explanation is preferable.
I would hope that the people of the hypothetical, a-religious world would prefer, using Occam's razor, to think of their existence as having no explanation, and of having no special purpose other than what they made of their own existence while they lived. They would be godless, and they would, hopefully, be driven to help each other out, not for eternal life (in a harem), but out of the goodness of their own hearts. At least, being more realistic, these people would help each other out to help themselves econometrically thru secular laws.
4.3—-But what about salvation? Tough—when you die to die. Until we figure out how to cure aging and disease, and perhaps transform ourselves into more advanced types of indefinitely long lived beings, we die, and our lives will have had no meaning other than quality of our children we raised and what we contributed to the better good of humanity while we lived.
4.4—-The alternative to believing we are nothing special via Occam's razor, is to believe we are something special in the eyes of some higher being, and this requires throwing logic out the window. If the higher being is simply a more scientifically and technologically developed being (or beings), then this is the least of the illogical alternatives to believing we are nothing special. Hey, humanity is BloGorg's 1st grade biology lab experiment. Maybe this is why vast portions of humanity's history has and continues to suck. If we chose to have faith in a perfect, eternal, omniscient, and omnipotent God, then we have real problems!
Can an omnipotent god make a burrito so hot even He can't eat it? But seriously, in Judeo-Christian-Muslim type religions we are asked to believe that God, who knew an eternity before creating us exactly what would happen after he created us, namely, that we would screw things up, will punish the wicked and reward the good. Given his omniscience, I say the wicked were condemned an eternity before they ever saw the light of day—this falls under predetermination. I say the supposedly perfect creator is the screw up. How dare he punish (typically by roasting the wicked in hell) a single human being, and demand from the rest of us that we worship Him lest we suffer the same fate as the wicked? Doesn't the buck stop with HIM? If so, then he is the perfect masochist. How am I supposed to reconcile a perfect creator with an imperfect system that is predetermined by His omniscience? And why would a perfect, omnipotent, omniscient, eternal being need the worship of lowly humans? To satisfy an infinitely weak ego? In fact, a perfect, omniscient, omnipotent, eternal being is a dead lump of nothing that would have zero motivation for doing anything. Create, or do anything—but what for? He knows the outcome, hence He would have zero motivation. Someone, countering this line, once asked me, why should I procreate? You know what the kid will do he stated, e.g., breath, drink water, learn to read, etc. Because I am not perfect, eternal, omnipotent nor omniscient. I don't know whether my kid will become a mass murderer or land on Mars. His/her world will constantly change. Science will reveal whole new domains for exploration. Lacking omniscience allows for the possibility, if not the guarantee of motivation.
I know that some of you who read these arguments for dropping God will cite the "father analogy" when I will point out the misery of the human condition. When you were a kid, they will say to me, and your father denied you ice cream as a punishment, he was doing it for your own good, to protect you, to teach a lesson, etc. As a child, you could not have understood his logic, and you probably thought he was a bad guy. He is our Father and we are His children. My father was not a perfect, omniscient, omnipotent, eternal being. God, supposedly, is. This is a fundamental distinction people never seem to realize. And, counter to those who, using the "father analogy", claim we are too pea-brained to understand God, I claim that we humans are sufficiently intelligent to question God along the lines in the paragraph above. If you are perfect, eternal, omnipotent and omniscient, then why X, Y and Z? I'm not arrogantly claiming to understand this kind of God's mastery of science and mathematics. I'm asking basic questions and pointing out self-evident contradictions. Finally, if I'm too pea-brained to ask God questions, wouldn't I be too pea-brained to worship Him? I wouldn't have the sufficient brain power to worship HIM properly.
Another defensive tact on behalf of religion goes along the lines, without bad you can't have good, that's why we have bad in God's world, so that we learn and appreciate things. What good comes of genocide? What lesson did the annihilated peoples, the children, mothers and fathers, learn? What benefit is conferred when a five year old dies of cancer? God had to create a child to teach his parents a lesson? To pay for an oncologist's shiny sports car? Or God, the omnipotent, as some say, needed the kid's help in heaven? Really. The variations of the illogical contradictions of an omnipotent, eternal, perfect, omniscient god of love are countless.
5. Why religion and faith in God should die
5.1—-Religion should die because of bullets 2 thru 3, and faith in God should die because of bullet number 4.
6. Does killing religion and God save humanity?
6.1—-An a-religious humanity following a doubt-based morality is not guaranteed survival. A big-ass comet may squash us like the bugs we are. We, because we are innately competitive, and have difficulties with basic morality (e.g., we kill, steal, cheat) may yet treat ourselves to nuclear winter or death by advanced viral weapons. Yet, given that the scientific method based morality can be equated with DOUBT and that religious practice can be equated with NO DOUBT, it seems reasonable to believe an a-religious world would be a bit more stable than a religious world. A herd mentality requires a threshold number of initiators, if there are less initiators there is a reduced likelihood to "herd."
7. Is science Lily-white?
7.1—-Since I seem to be advocating scientific morality over religious morality, I'm sure people will point out the dark ways of science. Are there and have there been evil scientists? Yes. Are there and have there been arrogant scientists? Yes. Have (and do) some scientists get tempted to play God? Yes. Are there and have there been evil priests? Yes. Are there and have there been arrogant popes? Yes. Have (and do) some people of religious faith get tempted to play God? Yes. These points, picking out individuals from a population, are not THE POINT. What is more dangerous? A crowd of religious faithful driven by NO DOUBT, or a crowd of a-religious people driven by DOUBT? Which will "herd" first and bash your brains in for being a heathen/non-heathen? Scientists do not make the scientific method any more than religious leaders make up religion practice.
Does science bring us evil? A-bombs? H-bombs? Hey, when was the last time we had a full-blown world war? And how many American and Japanese lives were saved by using Fat Man and Little Boy? Or was President Truman an agent of Satan set out to deliver the handiwork of demonic scientists? Fifty-nine A-bomb scientists signed a petition to President Truman asking him to instead demonstrate the bomb's power to the Japanese on a remote island.
Can science destroy the world? Maybe some nasty bug will escape from some lab and we'll have to kiss our collective asses good-bye. However we, humanity, can also do the job quite nicely as well. Do we non-scientists drive economical cars? NO WAY! We want our bigger LAND ROVING SUV penises. We waste and pollute. Good-bye rainforests hello farting hamburgers! We don't push for more reasonable uses or our resources, until, that is, it hits us in our pocket books. If we're going to make it, it's going to take all of us. See my article on "Some thoughts concerning law…in a post-Darwinian world of conflict, crime, social inequality,... at:
8. Improving our chances.
8.1—-I say that if we want to improve the lot of humanity, religion must die. Some can point to all the humanitarian good religion has done and continues to do. Though I can't prove it, I suspect the net harm done in the name of religion far outweighs the net good it has done. A body count of saved versus killed off in the name of God could be one metric among others. But how would you count those who died of cancer because decades worth of charity and time has gone to building opulent churches, popes, etc. over basic research?
8.2—-But modern religion is truly enlightened and tolerant.
Some might argue that modern religions are now more enlightened. Which religions? Those practiced in Bosnia? Africa? Iraq? Or by our own homophobic, segregating, discrediting president? Did President Bush conclude the American constitution needs to be modified via an intellectual path, or out of religious conviction, tantamount to NO DOUBT? I saw him claim on TV that the base of great civilizations have been the union of man and woman. America's government is modeled after Greek and Roman states. Does President Bush not know that those toga wearing peoples had no problem with homosexuality? Does President Bush not know that around 10% of humanity is genetically predisposed to homosexuality? No. He has NO (God given) DOUBT that homosexuals, as "aberrant", do not deserve the same legal rights as heterosexuals. Religion, even today in an "enlightened" western power, is just as vile as it ever was, and still preaching holy war. Didn't President Bush state it is America's duty to spread freedom, which is God's gift to humanity?
9. Putting logic aside, can religion ever be expected to die.
9.1—-Religion will die? Eventually. Though, should humanity survive to evolve into post-corporeal beings, I do believe religion will die, I don't expect it to do so in the near future. Not until humanity—should it survive—has transformed itself into beings with indefinitely long lives will the need for religion die. So long as we live but a handful of years, the need for religion and faith in God will continue to exist. Moreover, there really could be a "god gene" (which we will drop when we drop our carbon-based bodies). According to Dean H. Hamer, the "god gene" could be a real, built-in engine driving Homo sapiens sapiens religiosity. See the book review below summarizing Hamer's ideas.
10. A call for atheist preaching.
In the mean time, given that religion will be with us for some time to come, we godless people must accept and tolerate those religious people among us as they accept and tolerate us—and I'm not being funny. Throughout large chunks of the world, atheists and the faithful live their lives in peace. Moreover, just as religious people have a need and a duty to save heathens so that all may enjoy paradise, we godless people too must do our best to "unsave" people so that we may all enjoy a more real (Occam's razor based) reality in a more stable world. We have to preach unGod on unSaving logically, as I have tried to do in this post.
PS—Wouldn't it be nice if religion came with a warning sign listing off all its
completely illogical foundations and inconsistencies, and its innate tendency to do harm thanks to NO DOUBT morals. People—before we evolve into more advanced beings—could then decide to believe or not on a more informed basis despite their potential "god genes." Science, with its scientific method, does this by definition.
Alex Alaniz
REVIEW: From Publishers Weekly
This book's title is more rhetorical effect than factual accuracy: Hamer, who discovered the controversial "gay gene" in the 1990s, reports that he has now found a gene that may correlate in some people with their level of spirituality—not with belief in a being we would call God or with the performance of traditional religious practices, but with what psychiatrist Robert Cloninger called "self-transcendence." This trait is a capacity to feel at one with all life and with the universe as a whole, and Cloninger measured it with
personality testing. The so-called "God gene" is a particular location in the human genome known as VMAT2, which affects the brain's neurotransmitters. Hamer admits that the gene probably accounts for less than 1% of the total variance in human spirituality. The book's later chapters become still more speculative, as Hamer, a molecular biologist at the National Cancer Institute, considers the scanty evidence of health benefits of spirituality, which would make faith an adaptive evolutionary trait. Hamer emphasizes that the existence of a "God gene" would neither prove nor disprove the reality of God. However, this gracefully written book may intrigue people of all
faiths—or no faith—who wonder about the ultimate connection between science and religion.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier
Inc. All rights reserved.


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I'm afraid I have to disagree with Hood's assessment of human consciousness. He says, "Most of us have an experience of a self. I certainly have one, and I do not doubt that others do as well – an autonomous individual with a coherent identity and sense of free will. But that experience is an illusion – it does not exist independently of the person having the experience . . ."
Here he is entirely missing an important point. It "does not exist independently of the person having the experience" because the experience and the person are one and the same thing. Consciousness is an electro-biochemical process occurring within the brain and entails both experience and the person experiencing that experience.
And, no, I'm not missing what he's getting at. The thing is, far too much emphasis is given to the observable processes within the brain these days at the expense of the content of those processes, to the extent that many scientist-philosophers in this area can't see the forest- the process within the working brain- for the trees- the brain itself. What's really happening here, and what is entirely wrong-headed, in my estimation, is that Hood is giving observable brain function entire precedence over something that's glaringly obvious- that the process within the brain is where the self resides, and not in the brain itself. Shut off the machine and that consciousness vanishes, obviously, and this is what scientist-philosophers like Hood refer to. However, to do this is to discount the process itself, which is us. The brain is not us. The process within the brain is us.
I do agree that the self is an illusion, but for other reasons. For example, when the technology one day will allow us to plug our brains together, the experience will not be the one predicted in old science-fiction stories, where two conscious entities will confront each other. Rather, the two consciousnesses will become one consciousness, with two sets of memory and experience at their disposal. Consciousness, after all, is a potential of existence itself, and as such, the workings of existence trumps individual everything. It would be like linking two computers, not through a modem or other device, but essentially taking two computers and putting them together as one machine. We do this as a matter of course when upgrading, often from multiple smaller hard-drives to a single very large hard-drive. Many of us feel a misguided sense of empathy to each hard-drive, in the sense that they were the brain of an entity that is about to lose its autonomy.
In other words, it is the autonomy of the conscious mind that is the illusion, not the conscious mind itself. Autonomous or not, its contents are no less relevant.


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Indeed, Craig's enthusiasm is contagious. Perhaps that's what drives more than 40 students a semester to approach him to be their advisor—that and the opportunity to be directly involved in his various field research projects.
"Dave was a great advisor," says Sam antha Lantz, who fledged from Willamette and CORAX in 2005. "He encouraged us to think for ourselves and to ask questions beyond those we were directly studying. I came in thinking about going into biotech or pre-vet studies and ended up as a field biologist. Dave definitely got me excited about working with birds."
Thanks to Craig, a lot of Willamette students are excited about working with birds, despite hazards including long hours, bird bites ("tern kisses" as the group calls them), and every form of extreme weather imaginable, including the inevitable storm of what Zach Holmboe '03, MAT'04, refers to as "excretory rain."
Craig formed CORAX in 2001 as a way to encourage and reward dedicated undergraduate researchers. Craig's Outstanding Research Associates—the X in CORAX is a variable for behavior or ecology—enjoy their own laboratory next to Craig's office. On the door is a list detailing "the Pecking Order," with Craig himself ranking as the "Big Bird," along with the following statement: "A group of ravens is called an unkindness. It can also be a 'constable' or 'conspiracy,' depending on what they are doing at the time…. Those named below are a part of a constable for the CORAX lab. They are in charge of keeping the lab orderly. If they do not, they will be told to flock off…." Other rules of membership include the responsibility to grow the network of research colleagues and to participate first-hand in Craig's field research.
In recent years, that research has increasingly focused on Caspian Terns, the world's largest species of tern and one of the most widespread, with colonies on every continent except Antarctica. The species is endangered everywhere outside North America, including their homeland at the mouth of the Volga River near the Caspian Sea, where a special preserve has been established to protect their dwindling numbers. Such is not the case here in the Columbia River estuary.
Caspian Terns are typically found in colonies of about 50 pairs, though Craig's colleagues in Finland, Sweden and South Africa have reported colonies up to 500 pairs intermixed with other seabirds. In contrast the Columbia River estuary is home to the world's largest colony of Caspian Terns—nearly 10,000 pairs nesting as a single group. "Whether you look at the situation from a theoretical or an applied research approach," Craig says, "the obvious question is 'Why?'"
The answer appears to be that for 15 years, Portland created Caspian Tern paradise in the Columbia River on Rice Island. "In the past, bare sand islands like this one would last for only a few years. They'd erode or become overgrown with vegetation, and the birds would move on," Craig says. "Because the Port of Portland is 70 miles inland, we dredge the river so big ships can sail in, and that annual dredging creates fresh islands that are bare, predator-free and ideal for these birds." Not to mention the unlimited food supply. Salmon hatcheries dump nearly 200 million smolts into the Columbia each year. "It's like filling a bird feeder with fish," Craig says. And therein lay the problem.
Studies revealed the burgeoning Caspian Tern colony could consume up to 15 million salmonids each year, so in 1999 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies provided grants to Craig and other experts to help move the birds further down the river to East Sand Island, where they could feast on a buffet of herring, anchovies, sardines, shiner perch and other fish that thrive in the estuary waters. Much to the delight of scientists and the relief of salmon advocates, a laborious process called "social facilitation" involving decoys and tern calls was successful in relocating the majority of the colony to East Sand Island. The move has reduced salmon consumption by 40 to 50 percent, and the goal now is to break this single large colony into many smaller colonies throughout the western United States.
To do this, Craig and students are now focusing their research on long-term issues like migration and breeding. "Things don't add up with these birds," Craig says. "We are getting more birds from someplace that we don't know about, and in some years, young birds who are supposed to be breeding don't show up here in the Columbia River estuary. I'm interested in their migration, how and where they're going, and what's happening on their wintering grounds."
Caspian Terns feed their fledged young during winter migration and apparently feed them longer than any other tern species. Since the greatest mortality in these birds occurs in the first two years, Craig hypothesizes the long parental investment is necessary for fledglings to learn to feed. If wintering ground conditions are particularly conducive to this process, it might help explain the growth in Caspian Tern colonies in this region.
With grants from the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and Willamette University, Craig has started tracking the terns with satellite telemetry units, GPS devices weighing only 18 grams, that can be strapped onto the birds like tiny backpacks—albeit expensive backpacks, with a price tag of $4,000 apiece. Signals are transmitted to computers in Maryland, Seattle or Toulouse, France, and then Craig and his students receive an email about the location of a particular bird.
While tracking harnesses have been used on other bird species including osprey, eagles and albatross—all much bigger birds—Craig and his students had to devise a tern harness that would not interfere with the birds' natural behavior or endanger their well-being. Researchers at the University of Washington tagged terns with similar devices in 2005, but the harnesses proved lethal. Most of the birds were found dead within two weeks, their beaks trapped in the harness material.
Confirming his theory that who you know can be as important as what you know, Craig made a call to a friend from graduate school who had used fabric harnesses to study iguanas in Puerto Rico. That friend encouraged Craig to contact Nike, which was boasting a new shoe with "the toughest fabric ever invented." Nike "Imagineers" got behind the project and helped Craig analyze a variety of neoprene- and lycra-based fabrics for the backpacks. They provided samples and put him in touch with a wholesaler, who donated the final selection—a fabric that was lycra on one side, neoprene on the other. Once fashioned into a harness, Craig and the Imagineers dubbed it "The Terncoat."
Creating the harness was quite an adventure for Samantha Lantz '05 and Joel Shinn '05. "We had two captive terns that summer, Wild Bill and Tiny Tim," Lantz recalls. "We tried out different harnesses on them and perfected the fit for the satellite tags." The two CORAX members spent hundreds of hours observing and videotaping the terns' reaction to various cuts and fits of harnesses in what Craig calls "the summer of captivity," referring to both the birds and the students. The final design, based on the template of a peregrine falcon harness, is light-weight, snag-proof, waterproof, diveproof and won't interfere with the birds' normal activities.
Once they had the backpack, they needed the birds, so last summer Craig and seven students headed to the shores of East Sand Island, armed with binoculars, pliers, clipboards, wire cutters, bird decoys, a net launcher, netting, terncoats and tags. Early attempts failed to corral the birds within close enough proximity of the net launcher, so the team regrouped, moved their decoys and waited. Their patience paid off, with eight terns captured under the arcing net.
After the well-orchestrated team effort to grasp each bird, hold its beak to prevent biting, and untangle it from the net, Craig began the laborious process of attaching the harnesses. Using a curved needle and cotton thread, Craig sewed the small straps of each harness in three places so the device sits directly behind the bird's head with its six-inch antenna extending toward the tail. The cotton thread will degrade in a year or two, freeing the bird and allowing the tracking device to be retrieved.
Other tern round-ups corralled chicks for color banding. Craig and his student researchers could then look for those chicks at the terns' wintering ground in Oaxaca, Mexico, where they traveled in January.
One of Craig's greatest resources on the trip was Evan Buechley '06, who had conducted other research in Oaxaca, is fluent in Spanish, and was instrumental in working with local fishermen to understand how new bare islands were being created in the region. "Doing publishable field work at a small school is tough," Craig says of the terncoat project, "but constraints compel creativity. If I was at a big research university, I wouldn't have been aware of a student like Evan. I would have had to hire a translator. But there are conversations that take place around a campus like this, and I was able to hook up with Evan and train him as a researcher while I gained from his language skills, local knowledge and approach to people."
Jacquie Grace '07 has worked with Craig on more aspects of tern research than any of his other students—a small miracle considering how she met Craig three years ago. "I started the year with 43 advisees," Craig recalls, "and I realized I had to draw the line somewhere. Then I met Jacquie. She stood at my door in maybe her third week of school and basically said I should be her advisor because ever since fourth grade, when an albatross biologist visited her class in Hawaii, she had wanted to do research on seabirds."
Advisee No. 44, Grace studied play behavior among the young terns since play is a sign of higher intelligence and better environmental adaptability. She observed the young birds throwing and catching sticks, always in a certain way, always sticks of a certain length—the same length as the fish the parents would bring them for feeding. Grace was honored with the Friends of Hatfield Library Best Paper Award for her tern research and will be a coauthor on a future paper with Craig. She is currently in England conducting research on the cognitive behavior of other types of birds.
Other former CORAX standouts include Lantz, who will pursue waterbird research when she begins graduate school at Florida Atlantic University this fall, and Penny Spiering '03, Craig's very first research assistant and "the woman who set the bar for all the rest," who is currently working for the Smithsonian to reintroduce wild dogs in South Africa.
Carson Brown '04, currently pursuing a master's in biology at Angelo State University in Texas, is conducting a population genetic analysis of the endangered Mexican long-nosed bat. "Professor Craig never gave me the answer I was looking for, the easy answer, the factual nugget," he recalls. "Rather, he often phrased his response in the form of a question, like a Jedi Master, like Yoda. You don't realize it at the time, but these seemingly frustrating 'answers' are seeds he is planting in your mind. They grow and develop into the fruit of knowledge, and then you realize he has taught you yet another important lesson."
"Such students are great raw material," Craig says, beaming. "Many already have the attitude and aptitude to be researchers. I really see research as teaching. It's my paradigm at Willamette."
Craig's enthusiasm for teaching stems from his excitement as a student being encouraged to pursue something he loved. Raised in Scappoose, Ore., Craig was 7 when his grandmother gave him Peterson's Field Guide to Western Birds for Christmas in 1974. He treasured the book and a pair of binoculars, which he used to recognize the birds, to learn their names and behaviors. He participated in Future Farmers of America, studied veterinary medicine, and was the first person in his family to go to college. A scholarship to study culture in Japan led him to dream of a career as an international doctor—a career he would enjoy and that would allow him to further his passion for bird watching.
Craig recalls it was during his first year of pre-med studies at Lewis & Clark College that he was on the lower campus with his binoculars watching a Varied Thrush when his professor "caught" him and told him to come in during office hours. Instead of the interrogation he expected, Craig was encouraged to inquire about an internship with alumni conducting research at the Point Reyes Bird Observatory in Bolinas, Calif. It was during that internship he attended his first scientific meeting and realized "people have jobs doing my hobby!" He told his parents about his intended change of career, and they were behind him, "as long as they knew I had health insurance."
Today, Craig wants the same kind of experience for his students. "My research is great because it's easy for me to involve students and tap into their curiosity," he says. "Students can make it their own and go on to do this professionally." While not all students can accompany Craig on his excursions to Hawaii, Samoa, Ecuador or Mexico, he wants them to know they can learn and apply all the same skills that Nobel Prize winners like Niko Tinbergen, Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch have used in their own quest for knowledge.
"Foremost among my training objectives is to engage students in my network of research connections and give them the momentum to make their own personal networks, which then feed back into mine, which then feed the next set of undergraduates."
And so, as summer begins in earnest, Craig and various CORAX members are headed out to the field again to band and tag more Caspian Terns, collect more data, and prepare more papers for conference presentations. "Working with these students is as good as getting a big grant," Craig says. "And my real joy comes from seeing students develop a sense of service, a passion for the intellectual life, from seeing them get internships and jobs through the CORAX network they've built. They think this networking is normal, but it's value added, it's the intellectual endowment growing with each new graduate, and it's sweet!"
Bobbie Hasselbring contributed to this article.
I had the pleasure of working with Dave Craig on many different projects, some with CORAX, some not. Now I'm a science teacher at Neil Armstrong Middle School in Forest Grove, Ore., and seldom a week goes by that I don't mention one of our numerous adventures to my class. Their favorite is the story of the tern research.
I tell them how I got to experience the Crusoe-like thrill of jumping out of the boat to pull it to shore, only to find I had reached some sort of commune boot camp fusion. The man in charge had ragged hair and a grizzly beard and used a commanding voice to train us how to crawl on our elbows so as not to disturb the terns before the time was right. We were to spread our arms and legs as wide as possible to corral the terns, but so many of them took to flight, the sky actually darkened. And then I realized I had forgotten about animal fear responses. The birds defecated and vomited at such a rate you would have thought you were in a snowstorm if not for the smell. The moment this began, Grizzly Man began yelling at us: 'Collect that! We need it for data!'
We stayed on the island that night in the frigid wind and somehow made fajitas in the dark of an edifice that was little more than a combination of tent and shack. We were greeted the next morning by the calling of a Swainson's Thrush, which I greatly enjoyed.
I also went with Dave and a number of other students to Ecuador and the Galapagos. One time we were taking a boat up a river through a rainforest, and I noticed something floating in the water. It was a three-toed sloth. We all were satisfied to gawk at it as it held onto a branch, seeming to take a bath. But not Dave. Dave had to hold it. He gently lifted it out of the water, careful not to tip the boat, and it held onto his arm like you might expect a baby monkey to do. The creature's slowness belied its strength, and within a minute there was blood running down Dave's arms where the three toes were digging in. Dave, in his typical fashion, thought this was quite cool and handed someone his camera to take a picture of the bloody incident.
I constantly aim to match Dave's enthusiasm with my students. I tell them stories of our adventures and do my best to get them outdoors to have our own Dave-like experiences. I work with a club called SMILE, designed to help students from disadvantaged backgrounds aim for college by getting them excited about science. My enthusiasm for teaching and encouraging my students stems directly from the enthusiasm Dave showed me.
— Zach Holmboe '03, MAT'04


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Q:A lot of lipstick tutorials say you should line your lips with a lipliner and then /fill in/ your lips with that lipliner before applying lipstick on top of that to make it last longer. Is that recommended for Decisive, or would it last longer on pure naked lips?Asked on 7/22/2013 by D-Money from Wilmington, DE
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A:The Emotional Brilliance colors are very pigmented and last a long time, so it is definitely not necessary to line your lips ahead of time.Answered on 10/4/2013 by Kendra M from LUSH Direct
A:I think that these lip colors are long lasting, however, I have found that it bleeds a bit. Therefore, I would recommend a lipliner to help prevent that.Answered on 7/25/2013 by Hello Miss Niki from New York City, NY
Q:Is this color good with an olive complexion?Asked on 10/25/2012 by roguetamlin from Somerville MA
1 answer
A:Since the Emotional Brilliance line is catered to choosing color depending on the mood you are in, we do not necessarily recommend color based on complexion. That being said, we have received positive customer feedback on Decisive from lots of customers with varying complexions so it would likely look lovely with an olive skin tone!Answered on 11/7/2012 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
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DoD puts 1 million users in its cloud email system
Thursday - 3/14/2013, 6:01am EDT
The Defense Department migrated its one-millionth user into its enterprise email system this week. The Army expects to almost completely transition its unclassified accounts into the cloud service within the next month, meanwhile, the Navy and Air Force are kicking the tires on the system.
The enterprise email program, operated by the Defense Information Systems Agency, got off the ground as an effort to consolidate all of the Army's disparate email systems under one roof. At the time, the Army operated email as a hodgepodge of local services operated by individual posts, camps and stations around the world. The Army estimates the move to the cloud will save it around $70 million per year.
The one-millionth user, according to DISA, was a soldier at Fort Riley, Kan., whose account was migrated Tuesday.
"It's been a long road to get to where we're at today," John Hale, DISA's chief of enterprise applications, told reporters Wednesday during a press briefing at the Pentagon. He has been working on the program since 2007. "This is just the first major milestone we're going to hit as we move forward with the rest of the enterprise services to continue to gain efficiencies within the department and save the department money overall in this austere budget environment we're in."
Army still on track to finish
The vast majority of the system's users, so far, work for the Army, accounting for 967,000 out of the 1 million. The Army's report to Congress last year called for virtually all of its more than 1.4 million users to migrate to enterprise email by the end of March. Hale said the Army and DISA still believe they'll meet that goal during a rapid final surge of transitions over the next few weeks.
But other large DoD organizations have migrated as well, including DISA itself, the military's Joint Staff, the U.S. European Command and the U.S. Africa Command.
The Air Force may be next as that service consolidates and streamlines its broader IT network architecture under a construct it's calling AFNET. It is considering DISA's offering as a way to lessen its current responsibilities for email. The Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command are testing the system in a pilot phase for the broader Air Force.
"We're in deep discussions with the Air Force overall about when and how they're going to migrate. They haven't made the decision to go full-bore onto enterprise email yet. We expect that decision soon," Hale said. "They're offering up their reserve components to make sure we get all the processes down to make sure we don't have any impact to the warfighter, so that is ongoing right now."
Navy IT officials have expressed reticence about moving to DoD enterprise email, saying the DISA offering appeared to be more expensive and less capable than what the Navy currently is getting through its longstanding Navy-Marine Corps Intranet.
But Hale said the Navy also is trying out the service in a pilot phase thorough its Navy Recruiting Command.
"They were an ideal place to try this, because they're all shore-based and they're spread out throughout the entire continental United States. It's a very distributed workforce, so having a solution where they're all in the same global directory and they can all connect with the rest of the folks in the department very easily made them an optimal candidate," he said. "When you look at the broader Navy, it gets more complex, and I wouldn't want to draw the conclusion that the overall Navy has made a decision one way or the other about what they're going to do."
Cloud architecture is expandable
DISA officials said whenever other DoD organizations do decide to come on board, they'll be ready to add capacity to the system.
Alfred Rivera, the agency's director of enterprise services, said the service-oriented, pod-like architecture of the cloud system, hosted in DISA data centers around the world, is designed to scale up in size on-demand so that the agency is not paying for more hardware or software than it actually needs to provide at any given time.
"Our negotiations with industry have allowed us to buy capacity as a service, so we don't have any capital expenditures we have to make up front prior to the infrastructure being available to the user base," he said. "We build it on an on-demand basis, and it's all based on operational expenditures."
DISA said enterprise email also will be incorporated into DoD's recently-introduced plan for implementing commercial mobile devices throughout the department.


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February 17, 2014
Suada Kolovic
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July 10, 2013
Carly Gerber
I was raised in a neighborhood with a top-notch school system filled with inspiring and caring teachers. I loved hearing their stories about working in inner-city schools and how drastically different their teaching experiences were there compared to teaching in a predominately upper-class suburb. My naïve mind thought that my teachers chose to work in the inner-city schools but that was far from the truth.
At the beginning of their careers, many of my teachers could only find jobs in neighborhoods with poor school systems. They described the struggles of teaching in such areas but believed it made their character stronger because they were able to help students who needed it most. Fast forward to the present, where some of my friends are pursuing careers in education: Many of them are complaining that they can't find teaching jobs in "safe" middle- or upper-class areas, echoing the same struggles many of my high school teachers encountered.
Does this say anything about my generation? According to a recent Time article entitled "Millennials: The Me Me Me Generation," individuals in my generation is known to be narcissistic and refuse to take crap from the older generation. Since we're known to take jobs that "feel right," we disregard opportunities that don't measure up to our standards; as a result, we suggest to others that employment rates are low because we can't get jobs that people who worked in the field for 10 years have acquired.
Though the Me Generation isn't all bad (I highly suggest reading the article to find out our positive characteristics), I think it's time my generation had a reality check. My peers need to understand that we won't get our ideal jobs when starting out but if we put in the proper time and effort, we will climb the ladder of success just as every generation before us had done. What do you think?
Carly Gerber is majoring in journalism at Columbia College Chicago. She loves fashion and hopes to cover the topic for a Chicago-area magazine. In her free time, she focuses on her blog, loves making jewelry and spending time on Pinterest and Pose. She hopes to use this blog to guide and relate to its followers: college students like herself!
Abby Egan
When I started college, I was intimidated by my peers that knew exactly what they wanted to do. I knew what I liked to do but not what I might want to do after college, realistically. So, I entered my freshman year with an undecided major...and an immeasurable pressure to figure out who I was going to be.
I rushed to declare my major as English/creative writing because I love to write. But then I decided I love kids and I'd rather be a teacher so I changed it to education/literature. But then I realized that I hate literature classes, so I went back to English/writing. And then I decided I love philosophy, so I added a philosophy minor. This past semester, I realized I love psychology classes, too, so I'm even thinking of adding a psychology minor now. What I learned along the way was 1. Find what you love, 2. Don't be afraid when that changes, and 3. Connect with your academic advisor.
An academic advisor – the person who helps you choose your classes and makes sure you're doing everything you need to graduate – is the most valuable asset you have on campus, as they are available to you for unbiased advice and guidance every step of the way. For me, this person was Mr. Elder. We met during orientation; he was this ancient old man that only spoke when the moment called for his wise input, which was usually dispensed in the form of a long-winded story with a moral ending. He has been my advisor since day one and I can honestly say I would be utterly lost without him.
But just because you're assigned to one advisor doesn't mean you can't seek out another who better suits your needs. Find the best academic advisor you can so they can layout the opportunities available to you. A good academic advisor will lead you to where you want to go but allow you choose the direction in which to travel. They are your connection to the dreams you want to achieve beyond college, even when your dreams change as frequently as mine do.
Abby Egan is currently a junior at MCLA in the Berkshires of western Massachusetts, where she is an English Communications major with a concentration in writing and a minor in philosophy. Abby hopes to find work at a publishing company after college and someday publish some of her own work. In her spare time, Abby likes to drink copious amounts of coffee, spend all her money on adorable shoes and blog into the wee hours of the night.
July 11, 2013
Melissa Garrett
At Chatham University, the inclusion of all students is a top priority. One way this is accomplished is through a student organization in which people of various spiritual beliefs can gather to discuss their views. The All Faith Gathering has gained momentum in the past year and continues to positively impact the lives of Chatham students by encouraging diversity, acceptance and tolerance.
Each Thursday afternoon, students gather in a small room below the campus chapel. Meetings begin with a drum circle, with each guest listening to the sounds around them in order to sync up and create harmony. This is often followed by a discussion question that gets students' minds flowing with spiritual thoughts and theories, making for interesting conversations throughout the gathering. The rest of the hour usually consists of either a spiritual discussion or a guest speaker who teaches the group about their religion or special belief system.
Although the average attendance to Chatham's All Faith Gathering may be considered small, it is a tight-knit group that has formed close bonds of trust between its members. Most choose to live in the All Faith Living Learning Community in Woodland Hall, helping us to grow even closer together. As a living learning community, first-year students residing there with an interest in faith are encouraged to attend the gatherings.
Holding a gathering for students of various beliefs would be a good addition to any university campus: All it really takes is a few committed students, creativity and a sponsor. There are no set rules for how to hold a gathering and anything goes as long as respect is kept between members. By providing students with a place to be completely open, they can feel more comfortable being themselves regardless of their spirituality...or even their lack thereof.
Melissa Garrett is a sophomore at Chatham University majoring in creative writing with minors in music and business. She works as a resident assistant and is currently in the process of self-publishing several of her books. She also serves as the president of Chatham's LGBT organization and enjoys political activism. Melissa's ultimate goal is to become a college professor herself.
July 17, 2013
As we all know, it's tough living a healthy lifestyle at college but according to USA Today College, doing so can lead to a higher GPA! Here are a few tips from me to help you live a little healthier while attending college:
Do you have any tips and tricks for a healthy college lifestyle?
July 18, 2013
Veronica Gonzalez
Freshman year of college can be scary but falling for college myths can fuel the flame of this fear.
I remember myths about my school: It was haunted, college seniors were going to somehow prank the freshmen, and walking under the school's clock tower would make you fail your classes. The rumors felt overwhelming at first but then I decided to put one of those myths to the test, starting with the clock tower. One day, I darted under it. The stained glass windows looked phenomenal from the inside and I thought, "How can something so beautiful be treated like a curse?" Days after my investigation, my grades were fine. As for the other myths that I heard about UIW, they were just the same: The school wasn't haunted and the college seniors never did prank the freshmen. Even though I was high on guard, they were all false.
The sad part about all this is that many college students will scare freshmen with myths and completely omit the good things about college like events, socials, etc. So how can you tell what's real or myth in college? First, if you hear about something and it concerns you, ask an advisor or professor about it. (Professors/advisors know more about the school than the student body.) Second, listen to how the subject is brought up and ask yourself, "Are they joking?" or "Do they sound serious?" Finally, listen to yourself. Do you take their word for it or yours? Only you can determine what's real and what's myth regarding your college.
Veronica Gonzalez is a rising junior at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio, Texas. Her current major is English and she plans to pursue a bachelor's degree in this field. She served as the vice president of the UIW chapter of Alpha Lambda Delta from 2012 to 2013 and she returns as a junior delegate in the fall of 2013. Her dreams are to publish novels and possibly go into teaching in the field of English.
July 15, 2013
Chelsea Slaughter
Campus life can get hectic, especially if it is your first time experiencing it. With new opportunities, new people, new rules and new atmosphere all coming together for one big whirlpool of "NEW," it's easy to lose your head and lose focus of the true reason you decided to attend college...and that is higher education!
The most important way to stay grounded is keeping the right company. Friends have way more influence on us than we care to admit. Keeping a circle who can give you a good balance work and fun is key. It is also important to BE a good friend. Sometimes we care more for the well-being of others than our own. Learn to take your own advice!
Setting goals and/or a daily/weekly/monthly schedule will also make life easier. When things get crazy, it is always nice to have something to refer back to. Goal setting can help you determine when you have time to have fun and when it's time to get down to business.
Make sure to balance your extracurriculars as well. Don't JUST join all social or all academic clubs and don't JUST play sports – try a nice medley of everything! This way, you will always have a group to depend on when one aspect of your life is lacking.
College is all about new lessons and experiences but also about getting an education. Don't let all the "NEW" overwhelm you. Be spontaneous, try new things and have fun...but be SMART! Stay grounded and remember the lessons you learned growing up. (Your gut feeling will never let you down!) Keep your future first at all times and you'll navigate the "NEW" like a pro!
Chelsea Slaughter is currently a junior at Jacksonville State University majoring in communications (public relations concentration) and minoring in art. She serves as a resident assistant on campus, is the treasurer in the Public Relations Organization and is an active member in W.I.S.E., NAACP and Omicron Delta Kappa Honors Leadership Society. She aims to work in the entertainment industry post-graduation and is well on her way thanks to an internship with a digital marketer to several music artists. Chelsea strives to achieve all of her goals and motivate others along the way.
July 22, 2013
"I need to take all of my stuffed animals with me!"
"'Cause I'll need them!
This was an actual conversation I had with my friend when I was packing for my freshman year of college. I was absolutely convinced that I would decorate my bed with the stuffed animals I had collected since childhood; after my first few days at school, however, they were shoved in bins under my bed to make room for my new friends to hang out.
Dorm rooms are always smaller than you anticipate. Your storage space is tiny, especially when you're sharing one room with two to three other students, and bringing unnecessary knickknacks along becomes a hassle. Entering college can be frightening because you're leaving so much behind and starting a whole new chapter of your life but remember, you're going to be making memories along the way.
When packing memorabilia, keep it simple and sweet: one or two things you absolutely can't leave home without. Most students don't move out of their family homes permanently when leaving for college so leave the family scrapbooks and little league trophies at home. Look forward to the stuff you're likely to collect along your journey through college. Look forward to the change of lifestyle when you move away from home. But mainly look forward to the change you'll grow into as you become a better version of yourself.
Nowadays, my bed at school is decorated with one stuffed animal: my school mascot. As for the rest of my cuddly companions? They're at home whenever I need to visit them.
August 5, 2013
School clubs and organizations can be one of the best ways to meet people who share your interests. When you first begin college, the large amount of choices available can be both exciting and overwhelming: It may be tempting to join every group (believe me, I know) but it is best to commit to just one or two that you really enjoy.
When I first started at Chatham, the Student Activities Fair was the best thing ever to me. There was the Creative Writing Club, All Faith Gathering, newspaper and countless other organizations with booths set up and ready to give us information. Everything sounded so interesting that I attended initial meetings for nearly half of the organizations; not only did this prove to be very overwhelming but also I ended up realizing that there were only a few groups that actually lined up well with my genuine interests.
Once I had narrowed down what I would be most interested in, I started to only attend meetings for the Gay-Straight Alliance and Chatham's All Faith Gathering. I went on to become the president of the GSA, which just goes to show that putting a lot of effort into a club you really love can be very beneficial to both yourself as well the club's future! Don't get me wrong, it's always great to lend a helping hand to an organization every once and a while – and by all means attend campus events if they sound like a fun way to support your fellow students! – but you shouldn't overextend yourself.
Although a ton of student organizations can be exciting and the people may be friendly, it's always a good idea to choose wisely and stay actively involved in the ones that most interest you. Remember, you are at school first and foremost to take classes, so don't get so caught up in extracurricular activities that you run out of time to study.
July 23, 2013
When many students begin college, they will be living away from home for the first time. If you are one of these students, it's likely you have a lot of thoughts about living in a college residence hall. You're probably wondering what your roommate will be like, how you will decorate your room and how you will adjust to a new environment but there is an area of residence hall living that is often overlooked: sharing kitchens, bathrooms and other common areas.
During my freshman year of college, I lived in Chatham's Woodland Hall. Though it was a great place to live for the most part – all residents friendly and it is the only residence hall on campus with an elevator – there were some not-so-great qualities as well...the worst being the kitchen. Despite the number of posters that resident assistants hung up asking people to "Please stop dumping food in the sink" and "Please clean up after yourself", no one seemed to listen. (I'm not even going into detail on the condition of the bathrooms.)
It might be easy to say that cleaning up after students is the job of university staff but they can't possibly handle everything, especially when people are being careless and lazy. College students are young adults and learning responsibility is very important. This sort of problem in cleanliness really isn't that difficult to fix and all it takes is a little pitching in from all of the residents. If you pick up after yourself and do your part to make sure things stay clean, chances are that others will follow.
Is there a problem with cleanliness at your school? If so, be sure to report it to your resident assistants so that they can hold a hall meeting. Also, be sure to take charge yourself by expressing your feelings about the place that you live. Tell your friends politely to be sure to clean up after themselves when they are done using a shared space. We are all neighbors in the residence halls and a clean environment is definitely much more pleasant to study in.
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