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Men's Basketball
Men's Basketball Coaching Staff
Mike Krzyzewski
Head Coach
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Winning seasons, superb graduation rates for his players and a basketball team that is as close as family are all attributes that reflect on the man who is now in his 35th season as the head coach of the Blue Devils.
Although some still stumble with pronouncing and spelling his name, when people speak of the highest level of success in the college basketball world, the name Krzyzewski (Sha-shef-skee) immediately comes to mind. Coach K further solidified his status in the upper echelon of coaching on Nov. 15, 2011 when he became the winningest coach in college basketball history with a 74-69 Duke win over Michigan State at Madison Square Garden.
In 34 seasons at Duke, Krzyzewski, a Hall of Fame coach and 12-time National Coach of the Year, has built a dynasty that few programs in the history of the game can match.
The numbers under Coach K are staggering:
• Four National Championships (1991, 1992, 2001, 2010)
• Four gold medals as head coach of USA Men's National Team
• 983 career wins (most in NCAA history)
• 910 victories at Duke, including 417 ACC wins
• 82 NCAA Tournament victories (first all-time)
• 12 National Coach of the Year honors (eight seasons)
• Seven National Players of the Year (nine honors)
• Six National Defensive Players of the Year (nine honors)
• 30 NCAA Tournament bids
• 28 All-America selections (42 honors)
• 11 Final Four appearances (T-2nd all-time)
• 12 ACC regular season championships
• 13 ACC Tournament championships
• 526 weeks ranked among the nation's top 25 teams
• 460 weeks ranked among the nation's top 10 teams
• 109 weeks ranked No. 1 in the country
• 49 NBA Draft selections, including 28 in the first round
• 18 NBA Lottery picks
• 10 Consecutive Top 10 AP Poll finishes (1997-2006)
Entering the 2014-15 season, Coach K owns a 983-306 record in 39 years of coaching, including a 910-247 mark in 34 seasons in Durham. He is already the winningest coach in college basketball history and currently ranks second all-time in wins at one school. Krzyzewski enters the 2014-15 campaign 17 wins shy of becoming the first Division I men's coach in NCAA history to reach the 1,000-win plateau.
Krzyzewski's record as the winningest coach in NCAA history offers evidence of his success, but even more impressive are the four national championships. The fourth title came in 2010 with a 61-59 win over Butler in Indianapolis, while he also led Duke to the championship in 2001 and to back-to-back titles in 1991 and 1992, making him one of only two coaches since UCLA's John Wooden with such an accomplishment.
In 2005-06, Krzyzewski passed Wooden to move into first on the chart of coaches who have led their respective schools to a No. 1 national ranking. Coach K has now led Duke to the top spot in the AP poll in an NCAA-record 16 seasons, including 11 times in the last 17 years. Under Krzyzewski, Duke has played more games as a No. 1 ranked team (218) than it has as an unranked team (141). He has guided the Blue Devils to a 190-28 mark as the top-ranked team in the AP Poll.
Coach K and the Blue Devils have been a fixture on the national basketball scene with 19 consecutive NCAA Tournament berths from 1996-2014 and 30 in the past 31 years. Overall, he has taken his program to postseason play in 31 of his 34 years at Duke and is the winningest active coach in NCAA Tournament play with a stunning 82-26 record for a .759 winning percentage. On March 20, 2005, Krzyzewski surpassed Dean Smith's career tournament win total of 65 with a 63-55 triumph over Mississippi State in the second round of the NCAA Tournament.
To top off an incredible year in 2001, after Duke won its third national championship, Krzyzewski was named to the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame class along with Temple's John Chaney and former NBA star Moses Malone. The induction ceremony was held in Springfield, Mass., on October 5, 2001. In typical Coach K fashion, he was adamant in sharing the honor with those around him.
"I hope that all of those youngsters who have played for me and the people who have worked with me will share in this honor," he said. "My mom always told me to associate myself with great people and great institutions. I've tried to do that at the United States Military Academy and at Duke University, two of the great institutions in the world. As a result, I've been around some amazing people.
"I never thought I'd be worthy enough to be in the Basketball Hall of Fame. It's not anything you set out trying to achieve. Basically, you go about your business and try to be as good as you can be all the time. Again, I get back to coaching great players and being with great assistants. They bring out the best in you."
Duke Highlights
Success stories do not just happen overnight. They take time, and the latest chapter in Duke basketball is no exception. Krzyzewski inherited a Duke squad in 1980-81 with a thin talent base outside of All-America Gene Banks, Kenny Dennard and Vince Taylor. The squad hustled its way to a bid in the NIT, but it was obvious that the recruiting trail was Krzyzewski's only answer if the team was to succeed in the long run.
He landed a recruiting class in 1982 made up of Johnny Dawkins, Mark Alarie, David Henderson, Jay Bilas and Weldon Williams. It was rated one of the nation's best and put Duke on the map to stay. Joining that powerful group was guard Tommy Amaker in 1983. Duke won 24 games with that nucleus in 1984 and earned the first NCAA bid under Coach K.
With the class of Dawkins, Alarie and company now seniors, the 1986 Duke Blue Devils won a then NCAA-record 37 games while claiming Big Apple NIT, ACC regular season, ACC Tournament and NCAA East Regional titles. They established a school record with a 21-game winning streak during the year (that has since been broken), were undefeated at home, advanced to the NCAA Championship game in Dallas and played more games (40) than any other team in college basketball history.
With the loss of the five seniors, many expected Duke to drop considerably in 1987, but not Krzyzewski. The team won 24 games and advanced to the Sweet 16 of the NCAA Tournament before losing to eventual national champion Indiana. Amaker ended his career as the National Defensive Player of the Year, closing out a season that Coach K looks back on as the one that demonstrated the winning consistency of the program.
The 1987-88 campaign began Duke's amazing streak of five straight NCAA Final Four appearances as the Blue Devils won 28 games, claimed the ACC title, won another East Regional championship and found themselves in Kansas City. Senior Billy King followed Amaker by winning the second straight National Defensive Player of the Year award by a Blue Devil.
The role of leadership again fell to the senior class in 1988-89. This time, it was the National Player of the Year Danny Ferry, Quin Snyder and John Smith taking the reins. They guided the team to another trip to the NCAA Final Four with a win over heavily favored Georgetown in the East Regional final.
In 1989-90, seniors Alaa Abdelnaby, Robert Brickey and Phil Henderson led the way to the Final Four with a 29-9 record, landing just one game shy of the title in Denver. The group won its third consecutive East Regional championship with an overtime triumph over top-seeded Connecticut.
Then came 1990-91, a season that forever changed the face of basketball at Duke. After the 30-point loss to UNLV in the 1990 final, Krzyzewski's team was determined to avenge the loss. The Blue Devils won the regular season ACC title and posted four consecutive lopsided victories in the Midwest Region for yet another trip to the Final Four.
In the semifinals, Duke got another shot at the Runnin' Rebels, who were undefeated, and this time Coach K masterfully led the Blue Devils to a 79-77 victory to earn a matchup with Kansas for the title. Duke's crowning glory came on April 1, 1991, with a 72-65 victory over the Jayhawks as Christian Laettner earned MVP honors in Duke's first national basketball championship.
In 1992, the stage was set for an unprecedented chapter in college basketball history, and Coach K and his squad were up to the task. Behind National Player of the Year Christian Laettner and fellow All-Americans Bobby Hurley and Grant Hill, the Blue Devils rolled to a 34-2 record and held the No. 1 ranking from start to finish (18 polls). Duke won its second consecutive NCAA crown with a 71-51 victory over Michigan. Along the way, the Blue Devils captured their fifth consecutive regional championship, won the ACC regular season and tournament titles and equaled the school record to that point for ACC victories with 14.
"I loved my 1991 team, but this team was a great team," said Krzyzewski following the 1992 championship. "It met every challenge and at the Final Four it showed its true personality by winning both games in the second half with what I like best, defense."
In 1993-94, the Blue Devils and Coach K were back knocking at the door of another national championship. Duke piled up a 28-6 overall record, won the ACC regular season championship, was ranked from start to finish in the nation's top 10, captured the Southeast Regional title with an upset win over top-seeded Purdue and advanced to the national championship game before bowing to Arkansas, 76-72, in Charlotte.
The Blue Devils finished the 1998-99 campaign equaling the Duke record for most wins with 37, winning the NCAA East Regional title, capturing the ACC Tournament crown for the first time since 1992, recording the first 16-0 record in the ACC regular season, securing a school-record 32-game winning streak during the year and wrapping it all up as the NCAA runner-ups. Elton Brand was the consensus National Player of the Year, Shane Battier was the NABC National Defensive Player of the Year and Trajan Langdon was a first team All-America for Duke.
In 1999-2000, Duke finished with a 29-5 record, its fourth consecutive outright ACC regular season championship with a 15-1 record, its second consecutive ACC Tournament title and the final regular season No. 1 ranking in both major polls. Senior Chris Carrawell and junior Shane Battier were named consensus All-Americans, and Battier earned his second consecutive National Defensive Player of the Year award. The Blue Devils accomplished this despite losing four starters from their 37-2 squad that advanced to the national championship game in 1999. Duke also had seven freshmen, the most on a Blue Devil team in school history, on its roster.
On November 17, 2000, Krzyzewski's numerous accomplishments at Duke were recognized as the fabled Cameron Indoor Stadium court was named Coach K Court in his honor in a postgame ceremony.
Continuing to build on his well-earned reputation as one of the top college basketball coaches of all time, Coach K led Duke to its third national championship in 2001, joining just three other coaches - Wooden (10), Adolph Rupp (4) and Bob Knight (3) - who have won three or more NCAA titles. The Blue Devils finished the season with a 35-4 record, including 10 consecutive victories to end the year, their third consecutive ACC Tournament championship, fifth straight ACC regular season championship and the TiVo Preseason NIT title. Duke also was ranked at the top of the final Associated Press poll for the third consecutive season, marking just the second time in NCAA history a program had accomplished that feat (Wooden's UCLA squads did it from 1971-73).
With its 82-72 victory over Arizona in the 2001 national championship game, Duke ended a four-year run with 133 victories. The Blue Devils lost just 15 games during that four-year span. The 133 wins broke the previous NCAA standard of 132 set twice by Kentucky from 1995-98 and 1996-99. In fact, 10 of the best 35 four-year runs in college history belong to Coach K-led Duke teams.
Individually, Coach K passed two major milestones in 2000-01: his 500th victory at Duke (98-85 over Villanova) and his 600th win overall (79-53 over sixth-ranked North Carolina in the ACC Tournament final). He reached 600 career wins faster than all but 10 coaches in college history.
Under Krzyzewski's guidance, not one, but two of his student-athletes earned National Player of the Year awards in 2001 (Shane Battier was the consensus selection, while Jason Williams earned the NABC award). It was the first time in college basketball history that two players from the same team received National Player of the Year recognition by the major outlets. Battier and Williams were both unanimous first team All-Americans, and Battier, the sixth overall pick in the 2001 NBA Draft, earned his third consecutive National Defensive Player of the Year award.
"I thoroughly loved coaching these kids," said Krzyzewski following the 2001 national title. "They've been so good. They've given me their hearts, their minds, and not only that, they've given it to each other ... I get real close to the guys on my team. That's the most rewarding thing about what I do."
Krzyzewski led Duke to another outstanding season in 2001-02. The Blue Devils finished 31-4 overall, won the ACC Tournament title for a record fourth consecutive year, were a No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament for a record fifth straight season and finished No. 1 in the final AP poll for the fourth consecutive season, another NCAA first. Three Duke players - Jason Williams, Mike Dunleavy and Carlos Boozer - earned All-America honors and Williams became just the seventh repeat winner of National Player of the Year honors in college basketball history. That Duke threesome also departed for the NBA, where all three were drafted. Williams and Dunleavy were selected second and third, respectively, making them just the second set of teammates to be taken among the top three picks of the NBA Draft (UCLA's Lew Alcindor and Lucious Allen went one and three in 1969).
In perhaps one of his finest coaching jobs, Krzyzewski led his 2002-03 team, featuring six freshmen to a 26-7 record, its record fifth consecutive ACC Tournament championship and the school's sixth consecutive appearance in the NCAA Sweet 16. Senior Dahntay Jones, the squad's leading scorer, was Duke's lone All-ACC representative and an honorable mention All-America selection. Jones became Coach K's 17th first round pick in the 2003 NBA Draft.
Guided by the leadership of senior point guard Chris Duhon, Duke returned to the Final Four for the 10th time in a 19-year period in 2003-04. Duke finished the season 31-6 and won its sixth ACC regular season crown in eight seasons with a 13-3 league mark. Duke reached the No. 1 national ranking for four weeks during the season, marking the seventh consecutive year that it had reached that height (only UCLA's streak of 12 straight years of achieving the No. 1 ranking from 1964-75 is longer). The Blue Devils ended the year by dropping a one-point decision to eventual national champion Connecticut in the Final Four in San Antonio. Duhon, J.J. Redick and Shelden Williams each earned All-America honors, bringing Coach K's total selections to 19 in 24 seasons. In the 2004 NBA Draft, Luol Deng, after playing just one season at Duke, was selected seventh overall and Duhon was taken in the second round.
The 2004-05 squad featured Daniel Ewing, who would become the 36th NBA Draft pick under Krzyzewski, Redick, a National Player of the Year choice, and Williams, the National Defensive Player of the Year honoree. The Blue Devils went 27-6 and captured the ACC Tournament championship.
In 2005-06, the Blue Devils posted a 32-4 record, including a 14-2 mark in regular season league play. Duke captured the NIT Season Tip-Off crown and went on to win both the ACC regular season and tournament titles. Krzyzewski's 10th ACC Tournament championship came in the 1,000th game of his coaching career, a 78-76 win over Boston College at the Greensboro Coliseum on March 12. Redick, a consensus National Player of the Year honoree, set the ACC career scoring and the NCAA three-point field goal records and Williams grabbed National Defensive Player of the Year honors for the second year in a row. Redick and Williams also became the ninth set of teammates selected as AP first team All-Americans and the first since Jason Williams and Shane Battier accomplished the feat in 2001.
Duke featured the school's youngest team in more than 60 years in the 2006-07 season with 10 of the 12 players on the roster being either freshmen or sophomores. Despite the youth, the squad recorded a 22-11 record and reached the NCAA Tournament. Coach K recorded his 700th career victory at Duke against Georgia Tech, making him the second-fastest coach in NCAA history to record 700 wins at one school.
Coach K had the Blue Devils among the top teams in the nation during the 2007-08 campaign as the team won 22 of its first 23 games. Krzyzewski became only the sixth head coach to reach 800 career wins with a victory at N.C. State. Duke would go on to finish the year 28-6, reaching the NCAA Tournament for the 13th consecutive season. DeMarcus Nelson was named the ACC Defensive Player of the Year and a third team All-American, while Kyle Singler was the ACC Rookie of the Year and a Freshman All-American.
In 2008-09, Coach K led Duke to a 30-7 record, the school's 10th 30- win season, and to the ACC Tournament championship. The Blue Devils advanced to the NCAA Sweet 16 and reached a No. 1 ranking in the middle of the season. Gerald Henderson was a first team All-ACC performer while the team featured four players with over 1,000 career points in Henderson, Greg Paulus, Jon Scheyer and Kyle Singler.
The 2010 National Championship team used a stingy defense, hard-nosed rebounding and a potent three-man scoring attack to finish the year 35-5 overall. The Blue Devils held opponents to 61.0 points per game, the second-lowest in school history, and averaged 39.0 rebounds per contests for the second-most during Krzyzewski's tenure at Duke. The Blue Devils also featured the nation's top scoring trio as Scheyer, Singler and Nolan Smith combined to average 53.3 points per game. Duke won every possible championship they competed for in 2009-10, winning the NIT Season Tip-Off, ACC regular season and ACC Tournament on the way to reaching the NCAA Final Four for the 11th time under Krzyzewski.
In 2010-11, Krzyzewski led the Blue Devils to a 32-5 record, the ACC Tournament championship and the CBE Classic title. The Blue Devils spent 11 weeks atop the AP Poll and were ranked in the top 5 of the AP and USA Today/ESPN Coaches Polls for the entire season. Nolan Smith became the seventh player under Coach K to average over 20.0 points per game and was a unanimous first team All-America selection and the ACC Player of the Year. Singler also capped off his record setting career with All-ACC and All-America accolades in 2011. Krzyzewski, the 2011 NABC District II Coach of the Year, became the second coach in NCAA history to post 900 career wins with a 73-71 win over Michigan on March 20 in the second round of the NCAA Tournament.
Krzyzewski guided a young 2011-12 team to a 27-7 record, including a 13-3 ledger in league play. Duke spent the entire season ranked in the top 10 of the AP poll and collected 10 wins over NCAA Tournament teams. The Blue Devils posted a 74-69 win over Michigan State at Madison Square Garden on Nov. 15 to give Coach K his NCAA-best 903rd career coaching victory. Duke also ran the table at the Maui Invitational, including a championship game win over 2012 NCAA Tournament runner-up Kansas, to improve to 16-0 all- time in the event. The Blue Devils registered a buzzer-beating win at North Carolina and erased a 20-point deficit with 11 minutes to play in a dramatic come-from-behind win over NC State in 2012. Rivers garnered third team NABC All-America and ACC Rookie of the Year honors, while averaging a team-high 15.5 points per game. He also became just the seventh freshman in league history to earn first team All-ACC honors. Juniors Mason Plumlee and Seth Curry were third team all-conference picks, while Plumlee also earned CoSIDA first team Academic All-America accolades.
With a talented senior trio of Seth Curry, Ryan Kelly and Mason Plumlee, Krzyzewski led the Blue Devils to a 30-6 record and an NCAA Elite Eight appearance in 2012-13. Duke spent the entire season ranked in the top 10 of the AP Poll, including five weeks ranked No. 1 overall. Krzyzewski's squad registered wins over No. 2 Louisville, No. 3 Kentucky, No. 4 Ohio State and No. 5 Miami, marking the third time in school history the Blue Devils have posted at least four or more wins over top-5 teams. Duke also recorded its 17th undefeated season at Cameron Indoor Stadium with a 16-0 mark at its home venue. The Blue Devils won the 2012 Battle 4 Atlantis, capping off the tournament with an impressive win over eventual national champion Louisville. Duke also become the fourth program in NCAA history to reach the 2,000-win plateau with a 66-50 victory over Creighton in the third round of the NCAA Tournament. Plumlee, a first team Academic All-America as well as consensus second team All-America, became the second player under Coach K to average a double-double, while also topping the 1,000-point and 1,000-rebound marks for his career. Curry, who battled through a season- long lower leg injury, went on to grab Sporting News All-America honors after averaging 17.5 points per game with 95 three-point field goals.
In 2013-14, Krzyzewski guided a young and talented group led by sophomore Rodney Hood and freshman Jabari Parker to a 26-9 record and a trip to the ACC title game. The Blue Devils posted a 17-0 mark at home to run their Cameron Indoor Stadium win streak to 33 games. Parker averaged 19.1 points and 8.7 rebounds per game en route to earning National Freshman of the Year accolades as well as consensus first team All-America honors. He set or tied nine Duke freshman records and was named ACC Rookie of the Week a league-record 10 times. Hood, a transfer from Mississippi State, was tabbed as a second team All-ACC selection after averaging 16.1 points per game and shooting a conference-best 42.0 percent from three-point range. Both players entered the NBA Draft following the season with Parker being selected No. 2 overall by the Milwaukee Bucks and Hood going to the Utah Jazz with the 23rd pick. Krzyzewski became the second Division I men's coach in NCAA history to record 900 wins at a school when he reached the milestone in a Jan. 25 win over Florida State.
On the court, Coach K has averaged more than 25 wins a season during his career at Duke and posted 13 30-win seasons, including 30 or more victories in 10 of the last 17 years. Krzyzewski's 13 30-win seasons are the most by any coach in college basketball history.
He has directed his teams to 11 Final Fours, tied for second-most by any coach in NCAA history. Since 1985, Krzyzewski has an NCAA-record 82 NCAA Tournament victories, 19 more than the next-closest active coach (North Carolina's Roy Williams has 63 NCAA wins during this period). From 1986 to 2014, every Duke class except four (1998, 2008, 2009 and 2011) has played in at least one Final Four. Incredibly, 69 of 79 players who have completed four years of eligibility at Duke since 1986 have played in the Final Four, with 64 having played in at least one NCAA Championship game.
Obviously, Coach K has put a recruiting plan in motion that attracts the nation's best players each year. Nine members of this year's Duke team earned McDonald's All-America accolades as prep stars, including freshmen Grayson Allen, Tyus Jones, Jahlil Okafor and Justise Winslow. Joining the rookies are Quinn Cook, Amile Jefferson, Matt Jones, Marshall Plumlee and Rasheed Sulaimon.
"There was no magic wand," said Krzyzewski. "It was a matter of hard work and organization and a little bit of luck. We had a plan and we stuck to it. In many ways it may have been better that there wasn't an abundance of talent when we arrived. If that had been the case, we may have taken certain things for granted instead of building a solid foundation.
"When things got tough, I always remembered something Vic Bubas told me just after I had come to Duke," recalled Krzyzewski. "He said, 'When you are building something that is going to be really strong, it takes time.' That gave me encouragement."
Numerous Honors
Although he has earned nearly every award imaginable, Krzyzewski was rewarded with the ultimate honor in basketball in 2001 when he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He entered the Hall of Fame with Temple coach John Chaney and former NBA star Moses Malone. Since that induction, Krzyzewski has also been inducted into the Army Sports Hall of Fame (Sept. 11, 2009), Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame (2010) and Duke Athletics Hall of Fame (2011).
Krzyzewski was honored in December of 2011 as Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated. He shared the SI cover with Tennessee coaching legend Pat Summitt.
TIME magazine and CNN named Krzyzewski "America's Best Coach" in 2001 as part of a joint venture between the two media outlets. The criteria for the selection was not limited to any sport or any level of play.
"No college hoops coach has won more in the past two decades," wrote Josh Tyrangiel of TIME, "and Krzyzewski has accomplished all this with a program that turns out real-deal scholar athletes - kids who go to class, graduate and don't mind telling everyone about it."
In all, Coach K has been named the National Coach of the Year 12 times in eight different seasons by major organizations, including UPI and Chevrolet (1986), Naismith (1989), the NABC (1991), The Sporting News and Naismith (1992), Basketball Times (1997), the NABC and Naismith (1999), Chevrolet (2000) and the Victor Awards (2001). In 2004, he was named the Claire Bee Coach of the Year that honors the active Division I men's basketball coach who has made the most significant positive contribution to his sport during the preceding year.
In 1992, The Sporting News named him the Sportsman of the Year, becoming the first college coach to win the honor. The magazine said, "On the court and off, Krzyzewski is a family man first, a teacher second, a basketball coach third, and a winner at all three. He is what's right about sports..."
Coach K has been voted the ACC Coach of the Year five times, most recently in 2000. His five ACC Coach of the Year awards are second all-time among the coaching giants of the league.
His players know how special their coach, mentor and friend is.
"I played for the greatest college coach of all-time," said Shane Battier, one of the most decorated players in the history of the game. "It was an amazing journey."
Two-time National Player of the Year Jason Williams echoed Battier's sentiments: "It's a dream to play for a guy like that - a guy who's just a rock, who believes in you every second you're on the court. I love Coach K. I'd run through a brick wall for him."
In 2005, Krzyzewski became the youngest recipient of the Distinguished Graduate Award at the United States Military Academy.
Krzyzewski has been named the USA Basketball Coach of the Year in 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. He was named recipient of the United States Sports Academy's 2012 Amos Alonzo Stagg Coaching Award after guiding Team USA to the gold medal in the London Olympics. Krzyzewski also received the Stagg Coaching Award in 1992 and 2009.
Coach K and USA Basketball
Krzyzewski has been a prominent figure on the USA Basketball scene throughout his career. On Oct. 26, 2005, his role on the international basketball world was thrust into the limelight when he was named head coach of the USA Basketball Men's Senior National Team.
During his tenure at the helm of Team USA, the Men's Senior National Team has amassed an extraordinary 75-1 record en route to winning gold medals at the 2007 FIBA Americas Championship, 2008 Beijing Olympics, 2010 FIBA World Championship, 2012 London Olympics and 2014 FIBA World Cup as well as a bronze medal at the 2006 FIBA World Championship.
Coach K helped USA Basketball regain its position in international basketball during his first stint as the national team coach (2005-08) by instilling the same team-first principles he utilizes as the foundation for success at Duke.
In his first competition as head coach of the program, Krzyzewski led a team that included former Duke standouts Elton Brand and Shane Battier to an 8-1 record and a bronze medal finish at the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan.
The following summer, Coach K led the USA squad to a gold medal in the 2007 FIBA Americas Championship, posting a 10-0 record and winning by an average of 39.5 points per game. They defeated Argentina 118-81 in the gold medal game to automatically qualify for the 2008 Olympics.
In the summer of 2008, Krzyzewski guided the USA squad to a gold medal at the 2008 Olympic games in Beijing. Team USA reclaimed Olympic gold with a 118-107 victory over Spain in the championship game, while also further changing a negative perception of basketball in the United States along the way. Team USA averaged 106 points per game with average margin of victory of 27.9 points per game during their gold medal run and also restored a tarnished image by winning over fans and fellow athletes with its presence off the court in Beijing. While earning praise for its unselfish play on the court, members of Team USA were equally admired for their patriotic support of fellow Americans in their quests for Olympic gold.
"It has been tagged as the most selfish basketball nation on Earth, but the U.S. showed teamwork and intensity normally not seen at any place other than, say, Duke University," said Los Angeles Times columnist Bill Plaschke during Team USA's gold medal run in 2008.
On July 21, 2009, it was announced that Krzyzewski would return as the head coach of the USA Basketball Senior National Team.
"When you have a good thing going you don't mess with it. Mike and the staff did an incredible job last quad and he is more than entitled to have another run at it. I've said it over and over, he was the right guy at the right time and that is still true," said Jerry Colangelo, who served as the Managing Director of the USA Basketball Men's National Team program, at the time of the announcement.
Krzyzewski's second term as the national team coach began with a gold medal performance at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Istanbul, Turkey. With a group that featured six players under the age of 22, Team USA posted a 9-0 mark to capture the gold medal in the FIBA World Championship for the first time since 1994. The U.S. squad had a +24.9 points per game scoring margin with double digit wins in eight of nine contests.
Team USA once again claimed Olympic gold in 2012 in London, posting a 107-100 win over Spain. While some experts speculated that outside shooting could be the downfall of the 2012 squad, Coach K and his staff gave the players the confidence to take their open shots against the international team's zone defenses. The group, led by Kevin Durant and Carmelo Anthony, responded by setting an Olympic record with 129 three-point field goals (16.13pg.) and shooting 44.0 percent from three-point range during the tournament. Team USA's finest shooting performance came in a 156-73 win over Nigeria in pool play. Krzyzewski's group set Olympic records for three-pointers (29, including 10 from Anthony), three-point percentage (.630) and points scored (156) in the win.
Krzyzewski closed out his second quadrennial in charge of the USA Men's Senior National Team with a 50-game win streak, while becoming the first U.S. coach of multiple Olympic teams since the legendary Henry Iba, who won gold in 1964 and 1968 and coached the team that lost the controversial 1972 gold-medal game to the Soviet Union.
Following the 2012 London Olympics, Krzyzewski announced that he would not return as head coach of the USA Basketball Senior National Team. Colangelo continued to stay in touch with Coach K throughout the season and stepped up his courtship in May. On May 23, 2013, USA Basketball and Colangelo got their wish when it was announced the Krzyzewski would return as head coach of the USA Basketball Senior National Team from 2013-16.
"About four years ago I was asked about Coach K's return and what I said then is still true now - when you have a good thing going you don't mess with it," said Colangelo. "He was and still is the right man to coach the USA National Team. We've seen the value of continuity and Coach K's return gives our national team program another four years of continuity. Together we have been able to build on the program's successes of each year and again establish the United States as the world's number one basketball country."
"It is tough to give up something you've absolutely loved doing for seven years, the people you're doing it with, and most importantly, the country you're doing it for," said Krzyzewski. "As a result of my ongoing desire to coach, I've decided I'd like to continue as head coach of the Men's National Team especially since USA Basketball wanted me to do so. It just seems like the right thing to do. There is no greater honor than to coach your country's team and to be afforded the unique opportunity to be the National Team coach three times is incredible."
Krzyzewski once again took advantage of the opportunity at the 2014 FIBA World Cup leading Team USA to a 9-0 mark and the gold medal despite guiding a squad absent of USA Basketball mainstays LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook. With six players averaging double figures, the USA led the 24-team World Cup field in scoring offense (104.6 points a game), scoring margin (+33.0), field goal percentage (.524), rebounding (44.8), rebounding margin (+9.0), defensive rebounds (29.9), assists (20.4), steals (12.1) and turnover margin (+8.3). The USA's +33.0 points per game differential was the most of a U.S. men's team in a FIBA World Cup or Olympic Games since the 1994 World Championship (+37.8).
"I said previously, if we were to have won this year with all of the adversity that we went through this would be the sweetest of all of the championships, and I feel that way," said Colangelo following the 2014 FIBA World Cup. "The amazing thing about all that has happened is that we have used so many different players to win these championships, which is a testament to the game in our country and the depth of talent that we have, and to our staff and the leadership of Coach K and our assistant coaches. I couldn't be more proud of our team."
USA Basketball has won each of the past two FIBA World Cup (formerly World Championship) events to join Brazil (1959 and 1963) and Yugoslavia (1998 and 2002) as the only countries to earn back-to-back FIBA world titles since the event was initiated in 1950.
Duke players have also had a prominent impact in the Olympics as eight of Krzyzewski's former players have competed for five different countries in the Olympics. In 2012, former Blue Devils Luol Deng (Great Britain) and Martynas Pocius (Lithuania) competed in the London Olympics.
Krzyzewski supports his players' efforts to participate in international basketball with over 100 former Duke players competing in international tournaments, including five current players who have competed on USA Basketball teams at various international events. The quartet of players have combined to collect 12 gold medals with USA Basketball including three each from incoming freshmen Tyus Jones, Jahlil Okafor and Justise Winslow. Rasheed Sulaimon has been a part of two gold medal runs, while Quinn Cook captained the 2010 U17 World Championship gold medal team.
"Duke players have been pretty well schooled fundamentally," said Colangelo on the Blue Devils' success with USA Basketball. "They have been well coached and really understand what it takes to be successful and what it necessitates in the way of work so it is really good bloodlines."
Five former Blue Devils (Elton Brand, Chris Duhon, Christian Laettner, Jabari Parker and Shelden Williams) have earned USABasketball MaleAthlete of the Year honors. Parker claimed the award in 2011 after helping Team USA to a perfect 5-0 record and the gold medal at the 2011 FIBA Americas U16 Championship. Shelden Williams, who led the U.S. team to an 8-0 record and a gold medal at the World University Games in Turkey in 2005, was also named the USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year, while Chris Duhon earned the same honor in 2001 after leading the World Championship for Young Men Team to the gold medal in Japan. Brand was named USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year in 1998, while Christian Laettner was the first Blue Devil to claim the award in 1991.
Krzyzewski has always been an active part of USA Basketball in various roles, serving as past chairman of the Player Selection Committee for all of the United States' teams, including the 1991 Pan Am and 1992 Olympic teams. Coach K was an assistant to Chuck Daly (a former Duke assistant coach) at the Olympics and won the gold medal in Barcelona with the "Dream Team." Christian Laettner was a member of that team, while 1994 graduate Grant Hill was a part of "Dream Team II" in Atlanta.
Coach K was the USA head coach in 1990 when he led the Americans to a bronze medal at the World Championships and a silver medal at the Goodwill Games in Seattle. He also paced Team USA to a silver medal at the 1987 World University Games and was a special assistant to Bob Knight at the 1984 Olympics. In addition, he has had previous coaching duties at the National Sports Festival (gold medal in 1983) and Pan Am Games.
The Coaching Tree
Sustained success under Mike Krzyzewski has presented coaching opportunities for several of his former players and assistant coaches from both Army and Duke. In all, over 20 of Coach K's former players or assistants are coaching in the collegiate or professional ranks, including six collegiate head coaches Tommy Amaker (Harvard), Mike Brey (Notre Dame) Chris Collins (Northwestern), Johnny Dawkins (Stanford), Bobby Hurley (Buffalo) and Steve Wojciechowski (Marquette). In addition, two former players Billy King (Brooklyn Nets) and Danny Ferry (Atlanta Hawks) are general managers in the NBA, while Quin Snyder is the head coach of the Utah Jazz.
Krzyzewski has had 11 former players spend a portion of their coaching careers as members of the Duke staff, including his entire staff for the 2014-15 season.
Success On and Off the Court
When Coach K came to Duke in the spring of 1980, he found a program that was searching for strong leadership and a rebirth of the success that Blue Devil fans had come to know and love. As he enters his 35th season at the helm, the numbers more than prove the faith that former athletic director Tom Butters put in the young, unproven coach to assemble a basketball program consistently ranking in the upper echelon of the country.
Krzyzewski runs a quality program from top to bottom, from the players he recruits to the performance of his teams on the floor, year in and year out. "I want Duke basketball to be good on a continuing basis," said Krzyzewski.
"All along it has been my goal to give Duke a program that will last, one that will be nationally ranked and worthy of postseason play every year."
No words can better describe the basketball program he has established at Duke University. Krzyzewski has led his Blue Devils to overwhelming success while building a program that will continue to flourish in the years to come.
The term "student-athlete" is used over and over in college athletics, but the Duke basketball team truly exemplifies the ideal. During Krzyzewski's time with the Blue Devils, all but two Duke players who played four seasons have graduated.
Krzyzewski has had five different players collect a total of eight CoSIDA Academic All-America accolades, including Mason Plumlee who garnered first team honors in 2012 and 2013. Plumlee, along with Shane Battier, Mike Gminski and Jim Spanarkel, are the only two-time first team Academic All- America selections in Duke basketball history.
Prior to Duke
Krzyzewski's teams take nothing for granted on the court. The core of their success is pressure man-to-man defense, developed over the years with hard work in practice, commitment to excellence and attention to detail. Coach K's players believe in their system and know that when they win, it is largely because of excellent team defense.
His disciplined, mentally tough teams could be seen as an outgrowth of Coach K's own upbringing. He went to West Point to enroll in the U.S. Military Academy and receive a quality education, play basketball and become an officer in the Army.
From 1969-74, Krzyzewski served his country. He directed service teams for three years and then followed that up with two years as head coach of the U.S. Military Academy Prep School in Belvoir, Va.
In 1974, he resigned from the Army having attained the rank of Captain. When Krzyzewski was just 26, Bob Knight, his former coach at Army, called and offered him a graduate assistant slot at Indiana University. That 1975 squad posted an 18-0 Big Ten mark and a 31-1 record.
Prior to joining the Duke program, Krzyzewski spent five years building the program at his alma mater in West Point. He led the Cadets to one NIT berth, one ECAC playoff appearance and a five-year record of 73-59.
Community Service
Krzyzewski has been heavily involved in community service both locally and on the national stage throughout his coaching career. He is currently an honorary co-chair of C-Change, while also assuming vital roles with the Duke Children's Hospital, the Jimmy V Foundation for Cancer Research and the NABC Foundation.
On Jan. 18, 2014, the 41st President of the United States and co-founder/ chairman of CEO Roundtable on Cancer [C-Change], George H.W. Bush, traveled to Durham to recognize Krzyzewski for his personal commitment and leadership in working toward eliminating cancer as a public health threat.
Krzyzewski is also on the board of the Jimmy V Foundation for Cancer Research and has been active in the foundation since inception in 1993. Most recently, he and his wife, Mickie, hosted the 2013 V Foundation Napa Valley Wine Celebration, an event that raised over $9 million for cancer research.
Currently an honorary chairman of the Duke Children's Hospital, Krzyzewski participates annually in the Children's Hospital Radiothon and was extremely active in past events like the Duke Children's Miracle Network Telethon and the Duke Children's Classic.
Coach K's charitable activities also include the establishment and funding of the Emily Krzyzewski Center, a community center in Durham named after his mother. The Center's mission is to inspire economically disadvantaged students to dream big, act with character and purpose, strive for academic excellence, and reach their highest potential as future citizen leaders. In 2002, several of Duke's former basketball stars, including Grant Hill, Christian Laettner, Shane Battier, Mike Dunleavy and Danny Ferry, returned to campus for the Duke All-Star Charity Hoopla, with the game and surrounding events helping raise significant funds for the Duke/Durham Neighborhood Partnership and the Emily K Center.
Krzyzewski's emphasis on education and literacy was recognized in 2000 when he was named the first recipient of the GTE Reads with the NABC Literacy Champion Award. In honor of Krzyzewski's selection, GTE (now Verizon) donated $10,000 to support Duke Athletics' literacy program, Verizon Read with the Blue Devils.
The USBWA honored Krzyzewski in 2012 with the Wayman Tisdale Humanitarian Award, given annually to an individual involved in college basketball who has made a significantly positive impact on society.
Krzyzewski along with his Duke and USA Basketball teams have also been active in the military community by participating in Hoops for Troops and the Wounded Warriors Project.
Coach K and the Duke Community
The students at the university are also an important part of Coach K's life. He appreciates their support and often finds a way to include the students, especially those camped out in Krzyzewskiville, a tent community erected each season outside of Cameron Indoor Stadium for students wanting to get a head start on securing entrance to games. He has been known to treat the fans camping out for days, or even weeks, to a pregame strategy session in Cameron or to buy them pizzas while they wait in line. He knows that the unique relationship between his team and the student body is what makes Duke special. The "Cameron Crazies" are regarded as some of the best fans in all of sports.
The university also recognized his vital role on campus, awarding him Duke's highest honor - the Medal of Honor - at the University Founders' Day Convocation in 1997.
In September 2001, Krzyzewski and his wife Mickie created the Krzyzewski Family Scholarship Endowment for Duke students from the Carolinas. The $100,000 scholarship, the result of the Krzyzewskis' gift and additional funds from The Duke Endowment of Charlotte, will provide assistance to undergraduates from North and South Carolina.
"Mickie and Mike Krzyzewski both do so much for our university," said former Duke President Nan Keohane following the gift. "Their many contributions to our athletic program are well known, and their support of undergraduate academic and residential life at Duke should be, as well."
During the fall of 2002, Coach K received an Honorary Alumnus Award from the Duke Medical Center for his contributions to the Duke Children's Health Center. Krzyzewski and his family have made the center a focal point in their efforts to raise the standard of clinical care for children.
Coach K: Author
Add another piece to Krzyzewski's already impressive resume - best- selling author. Coach K has co-authored two books with Texas writer Don Phillips published by Warner Books. "Leading with the Heart," emphasizing Krzyzewski's successful strategies for basketball, business and life, was released in 2000. It reached the New York Times best-seller list.
The story of Duke's 2001 national championship season, "Five-Point Play," was released in the fall of 2001. The book relives Duke's journey toward the 2001 NCAA title, the school's third in an 11-year span.
Krzyzewski also co-wrote a book with Duke Sports Hall of Famer Bill Brill entitled "A Season is a Lifetime" following the 1992 national championship.
Following the 2008 Olympics, Krzyzewski and his daughter Jamie K. Spatola co-authored their second book together, titled "THE GOLD STANDARD: Building a World-Class Team." The book was released on April 6, 2009 and featured Coach K's guide to team building, illustrated with experiences from his three years coaching the team that would ultimately win Olympic gold.
Krzyzewski and his daughter Jamie also wrote "Beyond Basketball: Coach K's Keywords For Success," which was released in October, 2006.
Duke Athletics Teams
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Europe & Baltic Cruises
(Volga Cruise)
Enjoy a spectacular voyage through the heart of Russia along its colorful and historic waterways. Explore bustling and excitement-packed Moscow, then cruise north and visit the enchanting Golden Ring cities of Uglich and Yaroslavl. Continue along the Volga-Baltic Waterways and through Europe's two largest lakes, Onega and Ladoga, to St. Petersburg, one of the world's most beautiful cities, spread over 101 islands and 66 canals. Explore Moscow and St. Petersburg with a small group tour. OPTION: Upgrade the itinerary to include private shore excursions with expert guide in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Cruise Departure Dates (2015):
Moscow-St. Petersburg: May 10, Jun 1,23, Jul 15, Aug 6,28, Sep 19
St. Petersburg-Moscow: May 21, Jun 12, Jul 4,26, Aug 17, Sep 8,30
All port charges are included in your trip price.
A transfer between the airport and the city or your hotel with a private vehicle, driver, and assistant is provided.
After embarking the ship, relax in your stateroom and settle into your new surroundings.
Meet your crew and fellow travelers at the welcome cocktail reception onboard this evening.
Today, enjoy a group city tour that includes the Red Square and many other well-known sights. You will have some free time to shop for souvenirs or wander on your own, perhaps to visit St. Basil's Cathedral or GUM, the vast Soviet-Era department store. Enjoy lunch on a day boat as you cruise the Moscow River past the imposing façade of the Kremlin. Late this afternoon, you will visit Poklonnaya (Bow) Hill and its monument to WWII, and tour the city's amazing Metro, quite possibly the world's most extravagant subway system – many of the stations are adorned with chandeliers, sculptures and elaborate frescoes. The ship moors overnight in Moscow.
This morning, venture beyond the walls of the Kremlin for a fascinating guided group tour of the former residence of the Czars and center of the Russian Orthodox faith. Your tour includes a visit to the Kremlin Armory, one of Moscow's oldest museums, with a vast collection of weaponry, jewelry, and historical artifacts. The ship departs this evening for Uglich.
Located on the banks of the Volga, Uglich was founded by merchants in 1148 and is now home to some of Russia's most beautiful churches and cathedrals. After arriving this evening, you will have a guided group tour of the city and visit the Chambers of Prince Dimitry and the magnificent Church of Dimitry on the Blood, dedicated to the tragic death of Ivan the Terrible's young son. The ship departs later tonight for Yaroslavl.
Explore Yaroslavl's rich history through its architecture, including the fortified 12th-century Transfiguration Monastery and the Yaroslavl Museum of Russian Art, the former residence of the Governor of Yaroslavl on this shared shore excursion. The ship departs early this afternoon and cruises overnight.
Goritsy is a peaceful farming town and a typical Russian village. The shared shore excursion today includes a visit to the Monastery of St. Cyril on the White Lake and the Museum of Icons. Upon your return to the ship, you'll continue downstream towards Kizhi.
Home to some of the most amazing wooden architecture in Russia, Kizhi is forever linked to Novgorod the Great, and the style of architecture reflects its early introduction to Christianity. In 1764 locals built the Church of Intercession, its towering walls and 22 domes, without the use of a single nail. Your shared walking tour includes the Museum of Wooden Architecture.
At noon today the ship arrives in Svirstroy, a town 100 miles from St. Petersburg with a population of only a thousand people. During your visit, you will have an opportunity to sample grilled shashlyk, Russia's very popular (and delicious) version of shish kebab. You'll also be treated to a private visit to the home of a local Russian family, where you will gain new insights into everyday life in Svirstroy and experience warm Russian hospitality first-hand. You depart mid-afternoon and cruise overnight to St. Petersburg.
One of Russia's former capitals, dating from the early 18th-century, St. Petersburg was built to Peter the Great's exact specifications. After breakfast, you will disembark the ship and travel as a group by hydrofoil to the Hermitage, one of the oldest, largest, and most awe-inspiring museums in the world. Founded by Catherine the Great, the museum is a complex of six buildings, including the former Winter Palace, and houses nearly three million works of art
This afternoon, your sightseeing tour of this splendid city will include the Peter & Paul Fortress, Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, and St. Isaacs Cathedral. The ship moors overnight in St. Petersburg.
Today visit the nearby town of Pushkin, where Catherine's Palace was the summer residence of the Russian Czars. This excursion includes a tour of the Cameron Gallery, which features formal state rooms and dining rooms embellished with baroque and neoclassical furnishings and décor. You will also visit the reconstructed Amber Room, considered by many to be the Eighth Wonder of the World, with its dazzling amber-covered walls. The remainder of the day is at your leisure.
Tonight, consider joining your fellow passengers for an optional folkloric show.
To participate in an optional activity, please contact your travel consultant.
This morning, depart by hydrofoil for Peterhof, St. Petersburg's most spectacular Imperial Estate. Also known as the "Russian Versailles," the palace was built on the shore of the Gulf of Finland by Peter the Great, initially as a resting place en route to the Imperial Naval base. Your tour includes the Lower Gardens, the Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, commemorating Russia's victory over Sweden during the Great Northern War.
After bidding the crew and your fellow passengers farewell, disembark your river cruise for your onward journey.
Cruise between Moscow and St. Petersburg on the 212-passenger MS AmaKatarina (aka MS Mstislav Rostropovich), the most spacious vessel on Russia's famed Volga-Baltic Waterway. Built in 1981 and completely redesigned and rebuilt by AmaWaterways in 2010-2011, the MS AmaKatarina features outside balconies in more than 70 percent of her staterooms; two dining venues, and ten stateroom and suite categories offering accommodations up to 432 square feet in size. Enticing public areas include a panorama lounge; conference hall for onboard lectures; and gift shop. The ship also features a fitness room on the sun deck; a hair dresser and masseuse; infirmary staffed by an onboard physician plus an elevator.
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Stout is a dark beer made using roasted malt or roasted barley, hops, water and yeast. Stouts were traditionally the generic term for the strongest or stoutest porters, typically 7% or 8%, produced by a brewery.[1][2] There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout and imperial stout. The first known use of the word stout for beer was in a document dated 1677 found in the Egerton Manuscript, the sense being that a stout beer was a strong beer not a dark beer.[3] The name porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer that had been made with roasted malts. Because of the huge popularity of porters, brewers made them in a variety of strengths. The beers with higher gravities were called "stout porters", so the history and development of stout and porter are intertwined, and the term stout has since become firmly associated with dark beer, rather than just strong beer.[2][4]
Porter originated in London in the early 1720s.[5] The style quickly became popular in the city: it had a strong flavour, took longer to spoil than other beers, increased in alcohol content with age, was significantly cheaper than other beers, and was not easily affected by heat.[6][7] Within a few decades, porter breweries in London had grown "beyond any previously known scale".[7] Large volumes were exported to Ireland, where it was later (1776) brewed also.[8] In the 19th century, the beer gained its customary black colour through the use of black patent malt, and became stronger in flavour.[2]
Originally, the adjective stout meant "proud" or "brave", but later, after the 14th century, it took on the connotation of "strong". The first known use of the word stout for beer was in a document dated 1677 found in the Egerton Manuscript,[3] the sense being that a stout beer was a strong beer. The expression stout porter was applied during the 18th century to strong versions of porter, and was used by Guinness of Ireland in 1820 – although Guinness had been brewing porters since about 1780, having originally been an ale brewer from its foundation in 1759. Stout still meant only "strong" and it could be related to any kind of beer, as long as it was strong: in the UK it was possible to find "stout pale ale", for example. Later, stout was eventually to be associated only with porter, becoming a synonym of dark beer.
Because of the huge popularity of porters, brewers made them in a variety of strengths. The beers with higher gravities were called "Stout Porters". There is still division and debate on whether stouts should be a separate style from porter. Usually the only deciding factor is strength.[9]
"Nourishing" and sweet "milk" stouts became popular in Great Britain in the years following the First World War, though their popularity declined towards the end of the 20th century, apart from pockets of local interest such as in Glasgow with Sweetheart Stout.
The slogan "Guinness is good for you" was thought up after market research in the 1920s suggested that people felt better after a pint, and post-operative patients, blood donors, pregnant women and nursing mothers in England were advised to drink Guinness.[10]
With beer writers such as Michael Jackson writing about stouts and porters in the 1970s, there has been a moderate interest in the global speciality beer market.
In the mid 1980s a survey by What's Brewing found just 29 brewers in the UK and Channel Islands still making stout, most of them milk stouts.[11]
Types of stout[edit]
Stouts have several variations.
Dry or Irish stout[edit]
Irish stout or dry stout (in Irish, leann dubh, "black beer") is very dark or rich in colour and it often has a "roasted" or coffee-like taste. The most famous example is Guinness followed by Murphy's and Beamish. There are also some smaller breweries producing stout. The alcoholic content and "dry" flavour of a dry or Irish stout are both characterised as light, although it varies from country to country.
Imperial stout[edit]
Imperial stout, also known as Russian imperial stout or imperial Russian stout, is a strong dark beer or stout in the style that was brewed in the 18th century by Thrale's brewery in London, England for export to the court of Catherine II of Russia.[12] In 1781 the brewery changed hands and the beer became known as Barclay Perkins Imperial Brown Stout. When the brewery was taken over by Courage the beer was renamed Courage Russian Imperial Stout (RIS).[13] It has a high alcohol content, usually over 9% abv.
Milk stout[edit]
Milk stout (also called sweet stout or cream stout) is a stout containing lactose, a sugar derived from milk. Because lactose is unfermentable by beer yeast, it adds sweetness, body, and calories to the finished beer. Milk stout was claimed to be nutritious, and was given to nursing mothers,[14] along with other stouts, such as Guinness.[15] The classic surviving example of milk stout is Mackeson's,[16] for which the original brewers claimed that "each pint contains the energising carbohydrates of 10 ounces of pure dairy milk". In the period just after the Second World War when rationing was in place, the British government required brewers to remove the word "milk" from labels and adverts, and any imagery associated with milk.[17]
Oatmeal stout[edit]
Oatmeal stout is a stout with a proportion of oats, normally a maximum of 30%, added during the brewing process. Even though a larger proportion of oats in beer can lead to a bitter or astringent taste,[18] during the medieval period in Europe, oats were a common ingredient in ale,[19] and proportions up to 35% were standard. Despite some areas of Europe, such as Norway, still clinging to the use of oats in brewing until the early part of the 20th century, the practice had largely died out by the 16th century, so much so that in 1513 Tudor sailors refused to drink oat beer offered to them because of the bitter flavour.[20][21]
There was a revival of interest in using oats during the end of the 19th century, when (supposedly) restorative, nourishing and invalid beers, such as the later milk stout, were popular, because of the association of porridge with health.[22] Maclay of Alloa produced an Original Oatmalt Stout in 1895 which used 70% "oatmalt", and a 63/- Oatmeal Stout in 1909, which used 30% "flaked (porridge) oats".[23]
In the 20th century many oatmeal stouts contained only a minimal amount of oats. For example, in 1936 Barclay Perkins Oatmeal Stout used only 0.5% oats.[24] As the oatmeal stout was parti-gyled with their porter and standard stout, these two also contained the same proportion of oats. (Parti-gyle brewing involves drawing off the first part of the mash and using it to make strong ale, then remashing the grain and drawing off the second runnings for a less strong variant.) The name seems to have been a marketing device more than anything else. In the 1920s and 1930s Whitbread's London Stout and Oatmeal Stout were identical, just packaged differently. The amount of oats Whitbread used was minimal, again around 0.5%.[25] With such a small quantity of oats used, it could have had little impact on the flavour or texture of these beers.
Many breweries were still brewing oatmeal stouts in the 1950s, for example Brickwoods in Portsmouth, Matthew Brown in Blackburn and Ushers in Trowbridge.[26] When Michael Jackson mentioned the defunct Eldrige Pope "Oat Malt Stout" in his 1977 book The World Guide to Beer, oatmeal stout was no longer being made anywhere, but Charles Finkel, founder of Merchant du Vin, was curious enough to commission Samuel Smith to produce a version.[27] Samuel Smith's Oatmeal Stout then became the template for other breweries' versions.
Oatmeal stouts do not usually taste specifically of oats. The smoothness of oatmeal stouts comes from the high content of proteins, lipids (includes fats and waxes), and gums imparted by the use of oats. The gums increase the viscosity and body adding to the sense of smoothness.[28]
Chocolate stout[edit]
Chocolate stout is a name brewers sometimes give to certain stouts having a noticeable dark chocolate flavour through the use of darker, more aromatic malt; particularly chocolate malt—a malt that has been roasted or kilned until it acquires a chocolate colour. Sometimes, as with Muskoka Brewery's Double Chocolate Cranberry Stout, Young's Double Chocolate Stout, and Rogue Brewery's Chocolate Stout, the beers are also brewed with a small amount of chocolate or chocolate flavouring.[29][30]
Coffee stout[edit]
Dark roasted malts, such as black patent malt (the darkest roast), can lend a bitter coffee flavour to dark beer. Some brewers like to further emphasize the coffee flavour and add ground coffee.
The ABV of these coffee flavoured stouts will vary from under 4% to over 8%. Most examples will be dry and bitter, though others add milk sugar to create a sweet stout which may then be given a name such as Coffee & Cream Stout or just Coffee Cream Stout. Other flavours such as mint or chocolate may also be added in various combinations.
Oyster stout[edit]
Oysters have had a long association with stout. When stouts were emerging in the 18th century, oysters were a commonplace food often served in public houses and taverns. By the 20th century, oyster beds were in decline, and stout had given way to pale ale.
The first known brewery to use oysters as part of the brewing process of stout was in 1938 by the Hammerton Brewery in London, UK. The brewery was re-established in 2014 and is once again brewing an Oyster Stout.
Modern oyster stouts may be made with a handful of oysters in the barrel, hence the claim of one establishment, the Porterhouse Brewery in Dublin, that their award-winning Oyster Stout was not suitable for vegetarians.[31] Others, such as Marston's Oyster Stout, use the name with the implication that the beer would be suitable for drinking with oysters.
While there is a great deal of disagreement in the brewing world on this subject, there are no differences between stout and porter historically,[32] though there has been a tendency for breweries to differentiate the strengths of their dark beers with the words "extra", "double" and "stout". The term stout was initially used to indicate a stronger porter than other porters issued by an individual brewery. Though not consistent, this is the usage that was most commonly employed.[33]
Baltic porter[edit]
A version of Imperial Stout which originated in the Baltic region, usually cool fermented, making it a type of lager. Imperial Stouts exported from Britain in the 18th century were popular in the Baltic region, and were recreated locally using local ingredients and brewing traditions.[34] Baltic Porter is a specialty of many Polish breweries.
- ^ The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press 1998 ISBN 0-19-861263-X
- ^ a b c Porter and Stout - CAMRA
- ^ a b Stout (Classic Beer Style). "Stout (Classic Beer Style) (9780937381441): Michael Lewis: Books". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter - Porter casts a long shadow on ale history
- ^ Bamforth, Charles (2009). Beer: Tap into the Art and Science of Brewing. Oxford University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0195305425
- ^ Unger, Richard W. (2004). Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0812237955
- ^ a b Bender, David A. (2009). A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199234875
- ^ Oliver, Garrett (2011). The Oxford Companion to Beer. Oxford University Press. p. 492. ISBN 978-0195367133
- ^ "So what IS the difference between porter and stout?". Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ^ Guinness is good for you. (13 November 2003) Health, BBC News - Retrieved on 19 February 2007.
- ^ "Endangered beers | Zythophile". Zythophile.wordpress.com. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ John Pudney (1971). A draught of contentment: the story of the Courage Group.
- ^ Alcohol and Temperance in Modern ... - Google Book Search. books.google.co.uk. 2003. ISBN 978-1-57607-833-4. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ "The Stout Without Gout - December 2008 Document of the Month - Dorset For You". www.dorsetforyou.com. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ "Guinness to brew anniversary stout to mark 250th birthday - Food & Drink, Life & Style - Belfasttelegraph.co.uk". www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ The Dictionary of Beer and Brewing - Google Book Search. books.google.co.uk. 1998-10-01. ISBN 978-1-57958-078-0. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
- ^ Roger Protz, The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Beer, page 100, Carlton Books, 1995, ISBN 1-85375-197-9
- ^ Page 50, Stout, Michael J. Lewis, published 1995 by Brewers Publications, ISBN 0-937381-44-6
- ^ Page 49, Beer: The Story of the Pint, Martyn Cornell, published 2003 by Hodder Headline, ISBN 0-7553-1164-7
- ^ Page 78, Beer: The Story of the Pint, Martyn Cornell, published 2003 by Hodder Headline, ISBN 0-7553-1164-7
- ^ The Guide to Gentlemen and Farmers
- ^ Page 158, Beer: The Story of the Pint, Martyn Cornell, published 2003 by Hodder Headline, ISBN 0-7553-1164-7
- ^ Pages 59 & 60, Old British Beers, Dr. John Harrison, published 2003 by Durden Park Beer Circle, ISBN 0-9517752-1-9
- ^ Barclay Perkins brewing records in the London Metropolitan Archives
- ^ Whitbread brewing records in the London Metropolitan Archives
- ^ Whitbread Gravity Book, Whitbread Archive in the London Metropolitan Archives
- ^ Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter - Kisses, oats and stouts
- ^ Galante, Stephan (October 1997). "Brew Your Own: The How-To Homebrew Beer Magazine - Beer Styles - Oatmeal Stout". byo.com. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- ^ Young's - our beer
- ^ rogue.com : Rogue Brews
- ^ "Porterhouse". Porterhousebrewco.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Porter and Stout - CAMRA
- ^ Baltic Porters
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stout.


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Playoff Series
The AL and NL League Championship Series began in 1969 with a Best of 5 format, then changed to Best of 7 in 1985. The '95 season was the first year for wild card teams and the new Best of 3 Divisional Series.
Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Alanis Morissette became a household name with her slamming song You Oughta Know against her Full House ex Dave Coulier.
Jake Gyllenhaal does like indie rock, so it take much to figure out that Taylor Swift's hit breakup anthem We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together is about her actor ex.
After his marriage to Jessica Simpson crumbled, Nick Lachey reportedly penned What's Left of Me about his former wife.
Andre 3000 of Outkast slammed his baby mama Erykah Badu in the band's hit song Mr. Jackson.
Talk about awkward! Gwen Stefani famously dated her No Doubt band member Tony Kanal, and when they split she wrote the hit song Don't Speak.
Taylor Swift has never confirmed that Dear John is about ladies man John Mayer, but it wasn't hard to figure out considering the song title.
Madonna reportedly wrote Miles Away about her husband Guy Ritchie month before they split.
Eminem slams Mariah Carey in Bagpipes From Baghdad, mentioning the superstar and her current husband Nick Cannon by name.
Justin Timberlake went as far as casting a Britney Spears lookalike in his video for Cry Me A River, which supported suspicions that the singer cheated on Timberlake during their relationship.
Stars Who Have Slammed Their Exes In Songs


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The last few times I've played CV I've had two drives off of the long tee CV #3 that ended up about 45' from the pin. I haven't been able to make the putts though. It's only a matter of time.
I also have come close to acing CV #12 and I bounced out a duece opportunity at CV #11. These two near misses and one of the near misses on #3 happened during a solo round in the snow and slush on 2/21/10 on my first practice round, after missing 6 weeks due to a shoulder injury. I feel real good about that. I took mulligans but always played my first throw/lie and threw a 58, which for me, is smoking at CV.


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Lately it has been a bit rough. I basically know all the things I need and all the avenues to get there for work. There's been no real issue of a problem with too high complexity, and performance is good.
Still, after three major projects this year, my mind is behaving a little strange.
It's like I'm used to working in O(1+log(N-neatTricks)) but for some reason it processes in O(N^2)!
I've experienced a sort of burnout after long deadlines and drudging projects before, but when it turns into a longer experience, I haven't found the usual suspects to be helpful.
- Take more walks
- Work on other code
- Overdesign everything until I feel intensely driven to just make it (sorta works)
How can a programmer recoup from the specific hole in your head programming leaves after being mentally ransacked by these bloody corporations and their fancy money? Hopefully some of you have some better ideas, because I could really use another round of being looted and pillaged.I've often wondered if there are special puzzles or some kind of activity that would de-stress the tangled balance of left and right braininess programmers often deal with.
Do any special techniques, activities, anything seem to help with the developer's mindset especially?
While not necessarily my favorite idea presented, I think Francesco first fix is the real answer to a commonly confronted problem. I can see how this question could be viewed as rather subjective or common, but I have yet to see a descript of this very particular occurrence. Perhaps we should find the standard deviation of different types of moods only programmers report having and call it the something-or-other syndrome.


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Your location: Home
Siemens AG
Developing adaptation technology
SkyHydrant system: To help the UN achieve the goal of reducing the number of people without access to clean water to one half of today's level by 2015, a team from Siemens Water Technologies has developed the portable water-purification system SkyHydrant and established the SkyJuice Foundation to ensure the system will be used effectively in developing countries and disaster areas. SkyHydrant purifies unclean water by pumping it through a membrane of ultra-fine fibers. The result is exceptionally pure drinking water that surpasses World Health Organization (WHO) quality specifications. The system does not require electric power or purification chemicals, and with annual costs of less than 20 euro cents per person, it is affordable for even the poorest communities in developing countries, including those communities affected by climatic disasters. To date, the SkyJuice Foundation has installed around 450 systems in 16 countries on 4 continents.
Water Purification - Desalination Power: Siemens has won a competition staged in June 2008 at the first "International Water Week" exhibition in Singapore. The Singapore government announced at the exhibition that it was providing USD 3 million in research funding for the "Singapore Innovative Technology Challenge." The goal was to find a technology capable of cutting in half the cost of converting seawater into drinking water and thus help the government's efforts in establishing a secure water supply for the country. The concept of Siemens was not to desalinate seawater by means of energy-intensive heating and vaporizing processes, but by channeling water through an electric field. This reduces energy consumption per cubic meter of water from the ten kilowatt hours (kWh) common at conventional facilities to just 1.5 kWh. Even the best of the previous technologies based on reverse osmosis used twice this amount of energy.
Pure Water: Recycling Wastewater: Siemens has assisted the Singapore government in supplying much needed fresh drinking water as about half the country's requirement of water currently needs to be imported from Malaysia. Siemens provides a wastewater purification system which filters water to required World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. A water purification plant in Kranji is now being expanded. By 2012, its capacity will be boosted to 210,000 m³ per day in order to meet 20 % of the city's water requirements. The additional expansion is possible because the Siemens' recycling process is cost-effective and much cheaper than other water purification methods such as desalination. Concerned about water resources, a number of delegations from other Asian countries have also expressed their interest in this technology.
Building management
State-of-the-art technology by Siemens is making it possible to reduce energy consumption in buildings by up to 30 %. Buildings, such as the New York Times Building (NYTB) and the 30 The Bond office complex in Sydney, demonstrate what can be achieved for people and the environment when sensors, special materials, energy supply systems, and information technology interact in an optimal manner. Siemens have developed building management systems that automatically monitor and control the air conditioning, water cooling, heating, fire alarm, and generation systems.
Organizations, institutions and private sector companies at all levels and in a wide range of sectors can become engaged with the NWP by becoming a partner and making Action Pledges. Information about how organizations can become engaged with work on adaptation under the NWP can be found here.
© 2014 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


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LECOM & Millcreek Community Hospital Hosts Primary Care 2008 CME Conference
Primary Care 2008
March 7 to 9
Peek'n Peak Conference Center, Findley Lake, NY
March 7 to 9
Peek'n Peak Conference Center, Findley Lake, NY
LECOM and Millcreek Community Hospital invite physicians, medical and pharmacy students, and health care professionals to attend Primary Care 2008 from March 7 to 9, 2008 at the Peek'n Peak Conference Center in Findley Lake, NY.
Primary Care 2008 offers physicians the opportunity to learn the latest information on medical advancements and treatment options. Lectures are presented by LECOM faculty and regional speakers.
Primary Care 2008 will focus on health problems commonly seen in the offices of primary care physicians. The objective of this three-day seminar aims to provide participating physicians with information about new medical advancements in order to increase the scope of treatment options available to primary care physicians and to enhance the physicians' existing knowledge of topics that will be covered. Following Primary Care 2008, the physician should be able to apply this new medical information in diagnosis and treatment, thus improving patient care.
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine anticipates Primary Care 2007 being approved for up to 20 AOA Category I-A CME credit hours pending approval by the AOA CCME.
Primary Care 2008 will include up to 5 hours devoted to Pennsylvania Patient Safety and Risk Management requirements.
The new AOA CME program is in the 2007-2009 cycle. Annual attendance at LECOM's Primary Care conference offers physicians an excellent opportunity to earn the category 1-A CME credits required for state licensing and AOA membership.
All Faculty participating in continuing medical education programs sponsored by LECOM are expected to disclose to the program audience any real or apparent conflicts of interest related to the content of their presentations.
Registrants are responsible for their own hotel accommodations. For reservations, call Peek'n Peak at (716) 355-4141, Ext. 7154 and specify that you have enrolled in the LECOM Primary Care 2008 seminar. Peek'n Peak will hold a block of rooms for participants. Reservations must be made by January 30, 2008 to guarantee a room.
January 31, 2007


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The injury bug didn't wait until the first game, or even the first scrimmage, to bite one area team.
"It was a horrific injury," Snuffer said. "The ankle was out, I know what I saw. It was tough for our players to see it. And his season ended (Aug. 7)."
The injury occurred the first day teams were able to partake in full contact during practice.
Webster projected to form a dynamic backfield duo with junior Donovan Apple, a second-team Times-News All-Region selection last season. Apple rushed for 1,074 yards and 17 touchdowns last season and scored at least once in every game other than the season opener.
"Jake's season is over, but we're still going to support him, we're still going to sponsor him," Snuffer said. "And that hurts us, because that's a really tough running back, he was looking really good."
Last season, Webster ran for 409 yards and six touchdowns before tearing an anterior cruciate ligament in the fourth game of the season. Webster underwent surgery Wednesday.
n GOOD SIGNS EARLY: Area coaches and players were happy to report positives from scrimmages of the past few days. The first official day for scrimmages was Saturday.
"After watching our teams scrimmage on Saturday, the offense early on moved the ball really well,"
Graham scrimmaged Wednesday morning. Safety Don Evans said there was an obvious sense of the team-first mentality installed by coach Anthony Timmons.
"We want everybody to do everything," Evans said. "At the scrimmage (Wednesday), we were flying around. Somebody gets a big hit, the sideline goes crazy, everybody goes crazy."
n QUARTERBACK BATTLES: Eastern Alamance and
Kirby said senior Joey Lanier and sophomore John Lamot are in the running to replace Josh Long, who set a school record with 36 touchdown passes and ran for another eight touchdowns last season en route to being named the Times-News Offensive Player of the Year.
"We have a tough spot at quarterback," Kirby said. "Joey Lanier has been working hard. John is a sophomore who does great things."
Both candidates had older brothers come through the
Snuffer named a couple of candidates who could be in line to replace Nigel Carlton, a three-year starter who was the Times-News All-Region quarterback for the 2011 season.
"Nigel is hard to replace," Snuffer said.
n NEW ENERGY: For some attending Wednesday's Alamance County football news conference, it was an introduction to first-year
Because of summer workouts and the ongoing preseason, Patriots players already have a good sense of the 28-year-old's coaching techniques.
"He's a young, fiery head coach," said quarterback Johnathan Lloyd. "A lot of energy, every day. We like that. We like to get after it, have fun while we're at it."
So much energy, Lloyd said, he doesn't hold back when mistakes are made.
"He doesn't hesitate to get into us. … He wants to win, he's hungry," Lloyd said. "We're hungry, so it's a good match and we're ready to go."


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Simply Christmas 2 is a user-friendly and flexible template which has been designed to be used with ease. The template has been supplied in HTML with inline CSS and as a Campaign Monitor ready document.
Either use our templates as they are, or take control and change them according to your requirements. Each section is clearly marked as an opening and closing table row. Delete one table row if you don't want that section. Insert another if you want more. Its quick and simple.
- 3 colour variations.
- Greeting Card
- Product email
- Newsletter
- Supplied as a Campaign Monitor ready template and as an HTML file with inline CSS
- Tested in all major Email applications
- Inline css
- Fully commented code
- System fonts used for editable text.
- 560px width suitable for all desktop email applications.
- Well marked and layered PSD files.
- Fully sliced PSD files
- Easy to follow modular system
- Numerous different modules supplied.
- Expandable height.


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- Text Size:
- ASmall Text
- AMedium Text
- ALarge Text
By Tracey, Pure Matters
It's true: I indulge in dessert every single night. I'm not sure when this practice started but it's been going strong for at least three years. Since I'm pregnant now, I use that as an excuse. But the truth is, I indulge even when I'm not carrying a baby in my belly.
To make it even worse, sometimes I start thinking about that evening's treat by noon! I debate whether I'd prefer double stuff Oreos or some Tollhouse cookies or a bowl of ice cream with melted peanut butter. Sometimes I'll make brownies.
So, how awful is this habit? I guess it depends who you ask. There are many diet plans where this type of regular indulgence wouldn't fly. Luckily, I'm not following any of those plans and instead found a way to make this behavior work for me.
The truth is, while I might be partaking each day, it's always in moderation. I always take into consideration what I've already eaten that day and spoon out my serving size accordingly.
After my first child was born, I joined an online weight loss program and was successful in dropping the leftover baby weight. This program worked for me because you can literally eat whatever you want -- it just has to be in moderation and small serving sizes. I ate dessert every night and still lost the weight. It required some daily planning to leave room for my treat each night, but at the time, it was totally worth it.
I've taken that mentality with me. It's strongly discouraged to be on any type of diet during pregnancy but I'm still very aware of portion size and not going overboard too much in one day. So yes, I'm totally addicted to double stuff Oreos, but if I've already eaten a lot of carbs or sweets that day, I'll only have one after dinner.
After I give birth this time, I plan on re-joining the weight loss program. I wonder if I'll continue to enjoy dessert treats each night or if, over time, I'll phase it out. Maybe I'll just phase out the Oreos…
Source: http://blog.purematters.com/diet-nutrition/true-blogger-confessions-i-eat-dessert-every-night


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Did you watch the college football National Championship? It seemed like Apple had more than 10 commercials for the iPhone. There was a flash of another company that likely footed the bill at the end of each of those commercials: Sprint, Verizon, and AT&T.
T-Mobile's case
T-Mobile is the only of the major US carriers that doesn't offer the iPhone directly. But at CES the Chief Technology Officer Neville Ray reported that there are 1.9 million iPhones on T-Mobile and they're picking up about 100,000 each month. That's because since September they've been pitching the iPhone on their service.
T-Mobile is going to be up front with its limitations. Its stores will carry demo units of the iPhone – an unusual scene since carriers rarely display products they don't sell in their stores. Customers can try out the iPhone and see how the experience is and how quickly (or slowly) the phone runs on its network. The carrier will also train its sales staff to address iPhone-related questions.
It's coming
Because T-Mobile has been building a faster HSPA+ network on the same frequency as AT&T, it can actually be faster to get the newest phone on T-Mobile than on other carriers.
That means that T-Mobile is making it easy on Apple. It won't take new iPhone hardware to become available for T-Mobile. That makes the CEO's claim that the iPhone will come more likely in "three to four months" than "six to nine" a bit more realistic.
Source: CNET
Joshua Howland
Joshua is a mobile application developer, entrepreneur, and technology enthusiast. He is currently building a company that focuses on educational mobile applications: LearnStack. His favorite posts to write compare companies and products. He loves sports and start ups and talks about them (along with tech) on Twitter (@jkhowland) and his blog (jkhowland.me).


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The fashion-obsessed duo met at a concert as teens in Texas, and maintained their own style blogs until combining forces earlier this year. The result is a Tumblr called Sugar & Spice, which juxtaposes the girls' oil-and-water wardrobes, with 21-year-old Madeline contributing from Dallas and 19-year-old KayKay doing so from Los Angeles.
Take a peek at the BFFs' contrasting looks, and learn all about what inspires them.


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Disposal of Unused Medicines: What You Should Know
Topics on this page
- Overview
- List of Medicines Recommended for Disposal by Flushing
- Questions and Answers about Medication Disposal
Medicines play an important role in treating many conditions and diseases, but when they are no longer needed it's important to dispose of them properly to avoid harm to others. Below, we list some disposal options and some special disposal instructions for you to consider when throwing out expired, unwanted, or unused medicines.
Medicine Take-Back Programs
Medicine take-back programs for disposal are a good way to remove expired, unwanted, or unused medicines from the home and reduce the chance that others may accidentally take the medicine. Contact your city or county government's household trash and recycling service to see if there is a medicine take-back program in your community and learn about any special rules regarding which medicines can be taken back. You can also talk to your pharmacist to see if he or she knows of other medicine disposal programs in your area or visit the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's website for information on National Prescription Drug Take-Back Events.
Disposal in Household Trash
If no medicine take-back program is available in your area, you can also follow these simple steps to dispose of most medicines in the household trash:1
- Mix medicines (do NOT crush tablets or capsules) with an unpalatable substance such as kitty litter or used coffee grounds;
- Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag; and
- Throw the container in your household trash.
- Before throwing out your empty pill bottle or other empty medicine packaging, remember to scratch out all information on the prescription label to make it unreadable.
Flushing of Certain Medicines
There is a small number of medicines that may be especially harmful and, in some cases, fatal with just one dose if they are used by someone other than the person for whom the medicine was prescribed. To prevent accidental ingestion by children, pets, or anyone else, a few medicines have specific disposal instructions indicating they should be flushed down the sink or toilet as soon as they are no longer needed, and when they cannot be disposed of through a medicine take-back program. Click here for a list of medicines recommended for disposal by flushing. For example, patients in assisted living communities using fentanyl patches for pain should immediately flush their used or unneeded patches down the toilet. When you dispose of these patches and certain other powerful medicines down the sink or toilet you help to keep others safe by ensuring that these medicines cannot be used again or accidentally ingested and cause harm.
You may have also received disposal directions for these medicines when you picked up your prescription. If your medicine is on this list, and you did not receive information containing disposal instructions along with your dispensed prescription, you can find instructions on how to dispose of the medicines at DailyMed, by searching on the drug name and then looking in one of the following sections of the prescribing information:
- Information for Patients and Caregivers
- Patient Information
- Patient Counseling Information
- Safety and Handling Instructions
- Medication Guide
FDA remains committed to working with other federal agencies and medicine manufacturers to develop alternative, safe disposal policies. Below is some additional information about flushing medicine when it is no longer needed. If you have additional questions about disposing of your medicine, please contact us at 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332).
For additional information, see Medication Disposal: Questions and Answers.
Medicines Recommended for Disposal by Flushing
This list from FDA tells you what expired, unwanted, or unused medicines you should flush down the sink or toilet to help prevent danger to people and pets in the home. Flushing these medicines will get rid of them right away and help keep your family and pets safe.
Links in the list below go to medicine information for consumers that includes specific disposal instructions.
Click here for a printable version of this list (PDF - 106B) (revised February 2015).
Medicines recommended for disposal by flushing:
medicine and active ingredient
|Active Ingredient
|Abstral (PDF - 1M), tablets (sublingual)
|Actiq (PDF - 251KB), oral transmucosal lozenge *
|Fentanyl Citrate
|Avinza (PDF - 51KB), capsules (extended release)
|Morphine Sulfate
|Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, tablets (sublingual) *
|Buprenorphine Hydrochloride
|Buprenorphine Hydrochloride; Naloxone Hydrochloride, tablets (sublingual) *
|Buprenorphine Hydrochloride; Naloxone Hydrochloride
|Butrans (PDF - 388KB), transdermal patch system
|Daytrana (PDF - 281KB), transdermal patch system
|Demerol, tablets *
|Meperidine Hydrochloride
|Demerol, oral solution *
|Meperidine Hydrochloride
|Diastat/Diastat AcuDial, rectal gel [for disposal
instructions: click on link, then go to "Label information"
and view current label]
|Dilaudid, tablets *
|Hydromorphone Hydrochloride
|Dilaudid, oral liquid *
|Hydromorphone Hydrochloride
|Dolophine Hydrochloride (PDF - 48KB), tablets *
|Methadone Hydrochloride
|Duragesic (PDF - 179KB), patch (extended release) *
|Embeda (PDF - 39KB), capsules (extended release)
|Morphine Sulfate; Naltrexone Hydrochloride
|Exalgo (PDF - 83KB), tablets (extended release)
|Hydromorphone Hydrochloride
|Fentora (PDF - 338KB), tablets (buccal)
|Fentanyl Citrate
|Hysingla ER (PDF - 78KB) tablets (extended release)
|Hydrocodone Bitartrate
|Kadian (PDF - 135KB), capsules (extended release)
|Morphine Sulfate
|Methadone Hydrochloride, oral solution *
|Methadone Hydrochloride
|Methadose, tablets *
|Methadone Hydrochloride
|Morphine Sulfate, tablets (immediate release) *
|Morphine Sulfate
|Morphine Sulfate (PDF - 282KB), oral solution *
|Morphine Sulfate
|MS Contin (PDF - 433KB), tablets (extended release) *
|Morphine Sulfate
|Nucynta ER (PDF - 38KB), tablets (extended release)
|Onsolis (PDF - 297KB), soluble film (buccal)
|Fentanyl Citrate
|Opana, tablets (immediate release)
|Oxymorphone Hydrochloride
|Opana ER (PDF - 56KB), tablets (extended release)
|Oxymorphone Hydrochloride
|Oxecta, tablets (immediate release)
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride, capsules
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride (PDF - 100KB), oral solution
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride
|Oxycontin (PDF - 417KB), tablets (extended release)
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride
|Percocet, tablets *
|Acetaminophen; Oxycodone Hydrochloride
|Percodan, tablets *
|Aspirin; Oxycodone Hydrochloride
|Suboxone (PDF - 83KB), film (sublingual)
|Buprenorphine Hydrochloride; Naloxone Hydrochloride
|Xartemis XR (PDF - 113KB) tablets
|Oxycodone Hydrochloride; Acetaminophen
|Xyrem (PDF - 185KB), oral solution
|Sodium Oxybate
|Zohydro ER (PDF - 90KB) capsules (extended release)
|Hydrocodone Bitartrate
|Zubsolv (PDF - 354KB), tablets (sublingual)
|Buprenorphine Hydrochloride; Naloxone Hydrochloride
*These medicines have generic versions available or are only available in generic formulations.
FDA continually evaluates medicines for safety risks and will update the list as needed.
List revised: February 2015
1Consumers are advised to check their local laws and ordinances to make sure medicines can legally be disposed of with their household trash.
For specific drug product labeling information, go to DailyMed or Drugs@FDA.
Additional Resources
DEA Nationwide Prescription Drug Take-Back Initiative
- Safe Use Initiative: Fentanyl Transdermal System "Patches": Safe Disposal
Don't Be Tempted to Use Expired Medicines Needles and Other Sharps (Safe Disposal Outside of Health Care Settings) Expiration Dates Matter New FDA Web Page Lists Disposal Instructions for Select Medicines[ARCHIVED]


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Dog fighting is a huge problem, and sometimes it can seem that you can't do much to help as an individual. But there are a few things you can do to stop it now, and we really need your help.
Why? Take it from those of us who have seen dog fighting compounds first-hand: Life as a dog used for fighting is a nightmare.
They live chained up or in a tiny cage. They don't get the veterinary care they need. They die in the ring or are unceremoniously shot for losing. Some are used as "bait" for other dogs. Some have litter after litter. Some starve. Some go without water for days.
Odds are that dog fighting is happening in your state right now. We need your help to stop it. Give dog fighting victims three minutes of your time?
1. Ask your U.S. representative to support the Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act.
The Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act, introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on January 23, would make it a federal offense to knowingly attend an organized animal fight and would impose additional penalties for bringing children to animal fights. Violators would face up to one year in prison for attending a fight, and up to three years in prison for bringing a minor to a fight.
You can help the bill along by contacting your rep. We've made it easy at the ASPCA Advocacy Center, and we promise it only takes a few minutes, tops.
2. Download our new anti-dog fighting toolkit for citizen advocates.
If you're as horrified by dog fighting as we are, and you think you might want to commit more time to stopping dog fighting in the near future, download our new toolkit developed with the U.S. Department of Justice. It's got everything you need to know to get more involved. (We admit, actually reading it will take more than three minutes, but you get the idea.)
3. Fight Pit Bull prejudice via social media.
Pit Bulls and dogs who look like Pit Bulls get a bad rap because of their reputation as fighting dogs. Fight it by becoming a tireless advocate for them on your social networks. Start by posting the profile of a cute, adoptable Pit Bull-type dog on Facebook (we suggest Pet of the Week Champion) or sharing a happy tail about a Pit.
You can even share the story of a rehabilitated ex-fighting dog, like Ninja.
Oh, and of course, a bonus fourth thing you can do: Share this post on your social networks.
Easy, right? Together we can make a huge difference, and to the dogs who are suffering right now at the hands of fighters, it means the world.
To learn about a few more ways to fight back against blood sports, view our 10 ways to help end dog fighting and get educated about the issue on our dog fighting page.
On behalf of the dogs, thank you!
Join the ASPCA Advocacy Brigade!
By joining the ASPCA Advocacy Brigade, you will receive important alerts from us when we need your help to fight for laws against animals cruelty.
This horrible blood sport needs to be stopped now! No dog deserves to be treated in such a cruel manner. People who engage in this gruesome "sport" need to be punished beyond the maxium.
I do not understand why heartless & cruel people do this. I feel so sorry for the dogs & it makes me sick & so angry that people do this. They deserve punishment big time.
Harsher criminal sentences would be a start.
Our government lawmakers and local police need to work together to crack down on any and all people who abuse animals. Animal fighting of any kind should have a zero tolarance law. Automatic jail time , no early release for good behavior.
It is about time all animal abusers serve jail time and are forced to do community service. It is disgraceful to let them go back to their lives with no repercussions. Animal abuse is too disgusting to dignify. It is time to put a legally enforced stop to it.
Fighting any kind of dogs is beyond wrong!! They don't have a voice to say NO!! But we do have voices!! We all need to stand up for these dogs! We need to make it to where if someone is caught dog fighting or even caught at a dog fight, they should be punished to the FULLEST EXTENT of the law!! No more of this "slap on the wrist" stuff!! Dogs are just furry little people!! They need our help!!!!
This Act is long long long overdue! Dog fighting, cock fighting and whatever else people might decide to fight in the future needs to stop! If they get charged with a federal offense maybe it will knock some sense into them and they will stop doing this to these animals. I truly truly hope this bill passes, and I have emailed my Congressman and I will be sure to follow this story.
I think that the main animal organizations which have mikkions of dollars should have a public campaign and offer $10,00 to anyone who turns in a dog fighting ring that actually goes to trial and is convicted and the dogs released to rescue. That will be the way to get to the people who can lead us to the criminals and the locations of the fighter. Money talks and it will talk to people in the know. It is a worthwhile way to spend the money that animal lovers donate to really help dogs.
To all the people that are involved in dog fighting you disgust me and all the other people out there that would agree with me if you are caught doing this u should be thrown in the slammer and get the same treatment as you gave those dogs. Theses dogs can not talk or tell u what's wrong but when u look into there eyes you would know there is something wrong and they are looking at you tell you they need H E L P so if you see any animal being miss treated please look into it you will be saving there lives!!!!!!!
I say put all the people who are responsible in dog fighting and ship them over to the middle east and fight them