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During tough times, great leadership is key. In our special report, Top Leaders in Federal Service, Federal News Radio profiles five of the greatest leaders in government today to find out what their secrets are to success. We also reveal the results of our survey examining federal employees' morale.
Low morale? You're not alone, new federal survey shows
Thursday - 2/28/2013, 6:18am EST
As Congress and the White House duke it out over sequestration and the possibility of agency furloughs, morale in the federal workforce is understandably low.
In January, Federal News Radio conducted an anonymous online survey on federal morale and leadership. The survey asked managers and employees what morale levels were like in their offices and what factors had the greatest impact on office morale.
The response was loud and clear — the majority of the 2,880 who responded to the survey said their own morale level was low, and they rated the morale level in their offices even lower.
The top three "morale killers," according to federal employees, were, in order, pay freezes, ineffective leadership and fed bashing from Congress and the public.
"I like my job but hate the anti-gov worker attitude," one federal employee wrote. "We work hard. Very few slackers here."
Another employee agreed. "The public does not perceive my job or my contributions as valuable. Congress views us as expendable."
While federal managers picked the same three morale killers, they ranked them in a slightly different order, naming ineffective leadership as the worst offender, followed by pay freezes and fed bashing.
"Listening to employees who are discouraged because they are bringing home less money is very disturbing and affects the morale of the entire workforce," wrote one federal manager. "If my morale is low then it will reflect on the employees, so as managers we have to try to boost morale."
Another federal manager said work was no longer as enjoyable due to low office morale.
"Now I keep wondering if I will be furloughed tomorrow or be able to meet my house payment," he wrote. "For some reason, the public seems to think all feds get paid like the ones in D.C. Some of us make from $26,000 to $60,000 a year. This is going in reverse with the increase in insurance, taxes and whatever Congress thinks we owe the world."
Breaking down the numbers
The survey asked federal employees to rank their morale level, on a scale from 1 to 10, with 10 being extremely high and 1 being extremely low. Of those who responded, 47.8 percent said their own morale was at a 3 or below.
Using the same scale, 46.1 percent said the overall morale level of their colleagues in the federal workforce was 3 or below.
Of the 2,880 who took the survey, 22.6 percent (652) were federal managers and 75.1 percent (2,162) were federal employees. Also, 58.2 percent (1,667) were male and 41.8 percent (1,195) were female. Their years in federal service broke down as follows:
In their responses to the morale questions, federal managers rated their morale and that of the overall workforce slightly higher than their employees did.
On the same 1 to 10 scale, 41.4 percent of federal managers said their own morale was at a 3 or below.
In addition, 45.3 percent of managers said the overall morale level of the federal workforce was 3 or below.
Managers rated morale in their own offices a little better, with just 39.8 percent saying levels were at a 3 or below.
Numbers have changed little since January 2012
The results of the latest survey mirror those of a similar survey Federal News Radio conducted in January 2012. In that survey, managers and employees identified the same three issues — the pay freeze, fed bashing and ineffective managers — as the top three morale killers.
"I think clearly living in the Beltway area we have a lot of federal bashing certainly, and the federal employees have been a target from the Congress over the past couple of years in terms of the pay freeze and other restrictions," said Miriam Cohen, chief human capital officer at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in an interview with Federal News Radio after the survey was completed. "It certainly doesn't help when we have other agencies that maybe have run afoul of some regulations in terms of conferences and those types of activities. So, I think that has just put a general damper on the federal employee environment."
Cohen added the results of the two surveys shouldn't surprise anyone familiar with human capital matters in the federal workplace.
"If you look at the Federal Employment Survey results and what the Partnership for Public Service (PPS) has done with the [Office of Personnel Management] results when they have put out their Best Places to Work and looked at the trends over the past couple of years, they're fairly consistent," she said. "I think in some cases, scores have gone down because the general environment has also declined over the past couple of years, so I don't think anyone who looks at those results should be surprised."
"From 2002 to 2012, the single most important factor leading to an increase in employee engagement is leadership in every single organization in the federal government," said Bob Tobias, director of Key Executive Programs at American University. "Better leadership means more engagement and more engagement means more productivity. Lack of leadership means decreased productivity. It's incredibly important. It has been important in the past and my prediction is that it's going to be important in the future.
Effect of leadership on employee morale
Federal News Radio included several questions in the 2013 survey on the topic of leadership, to coincide with the release of our special report, Top Leaders in Federal Service.
The survey asked employees and managers how important good leadership was to office morale on a 1 to 10 scale, with 1 being extremely unimportant and 10 being extremely important. The majority of respondents (37.5 percent) gave it a 10 rating.
"I can't imagine what our office would be like if we did not have the leadership encouraging the employees to hold their heads high and keep up the good work," wrote one respondent.
Cohen called leadership a key factor in maintaining high morale levels among employees. "You have to have people at the top who are committed to what the organization is doing," she said.
Max Stier, president of PPS, agreed that nothing was more important to the quality of government than good leadership.
"Where you have weak leadership, you have employees that are suffering and less satisfied and committed to their work," Stier said. "It's the most important driver of employee satisfaction and commitment and represents close to 60 percent of the factors that drive that satisfaction and commitment. It's a big deal."
Low marks for promoting good leaders
While good leadership may be extremely important to maintaining morale and the quality of government, survey respondents gave the government low ratings when it came to promoting good leaders within their organizations.
When the survey asked employees and managers whether they agreed with the statement, "Government agencies have the the tools they need to grow good leaders," the results were mixed. The majority (49.4 percent) said they either "somewhat agreed" or "strongly agreed" with the statement, while 34.9 percent said they either "somewhat disagreed" or "strongly disagreed"
"Current leaders, if they have the skill, generally lack the time to train rising leaders," one respondent wrote in comment to this question. "Our agency lacks adequate funding and organization to train rising leaders."
The survey also asked federal employees and managers whether they agreed with the statement, "Good leaders are being promoted within my agency." Of those responding, 67 percent either "strongly disagreed" or "somewhat disagreed" with the statement.
One respondent wrote promotions were "inconsistent and not always based on merit," and another said, "No opportunities for promotion. Must apply to other organizations."
Tobias said these results mirrored the findings of other surveys and studies. One possible cause he pointed to was the tendency of the government to promote "subject matter experts" rather than individuals with the capacity to lead.
"So, those who are promoted continue being subject matter experts," he said. "They don't have the time or the interest in creating relationships with those they lead. As a result, there's less engagement and less productivity."
In order to promote better leaders, the government needs to focus more closely on who it is selecting to lead and, more importantly, supporting them once they have been promoted, Tobias said.
"If I have a conversation with you about whether or not you want to lead and I say, 'You ought to apply for the job because it's going to pay you more money,' that's one approach," he said. "If I have a conversation with you and say, 'You know, if you choose to lead, you're going to have to give up being a subject matter expert. You're going to have to redefine yourself in terms of the success that you achieve working with other people, as opposed to the success that you have working alone.' You're giving someone an idea of what it means to lead. Those conversations rarely occur."
Training better leaders
"It has been noted well a lot of times leaders are selected for promotion based on their technical abilities versus their supervisory abilities, and we've called on federal agencies to try to evaluate what they require out of leaders and select people based on those leadership qualities versus the technical skills," said Dr. Peter Leeds, a research psychologist in the Merit Systems Protection Board's Office of Policy & Evaluation."So, we have a challenge with that and we're trying to address it by improving selection through that method."
Leeds said agencies already have some tools at their disposal to foster better leadership. Agencies should start by holding managers accountable for how they lead.
"Leaders and supervisors need to be held accountable for demonstrating good leadership and good supervision," he said.
Although leadership training is available, Leeds admitted that in times of tight budgets, agencies may have less to spend on such training.
"Leadership training remains a challenge, but it is something agencies can do to grow leaders," he said.
Another option is giving leaders structured developmental opportunities as they take on more responsibilities. Coaching others can also help leaders to hone their leadership skills.
"The tools exist," said James Tsugawa, acting director of MSPB's Office of Policy & Evaluation. "Whether agencies invest in them or use them is a different matter. Certainly, a few years back, there was legislation to require training for supervisors and that's consistent with a need that our research identified to not only improve how supervisors are selected but to improve the coaching, support, as well as the accountability after they're put in the job. We have the tools, but we need to make better use of them to cultivate leaders."
Tsugawa said he suspects that hasn't been a priority for the federal government.
"It's going to be particularly tough now because there are fewer resources available, and time for supervisors and leaders is stretched," he said. "Agencies are really going to have to try to make the time to do things like coaching, providing feedback, sharing information. It's especially critical now with so much uncertainty. But it's also going to be tough to do."
Leaders doing it for themselves
Bill Spencer, MSPB clerk, said that given the austere times agencies are facing, it may be up to the supervisors and managers themselves to take the reins on their development and training.
"Training is often one of those things that's first on the chopping block," he said. "However, there are numerous free, available opportunities for folks to network, to become associated with professional associations, to do self-directed training, book reading, developmental assignments and other ways in which an individual can take it upon themselves to become the kind of leader that they aspire to be and that, frankly, agencies need."
One resource available to managers looking to up their leadership expertise is to participate in today's online chat with Center for Leadership Development and Federal Executive Institute. The chat runs from 11-11:30 a.m.
Ask your questions live. Or, leave them now in by emailing Federal News Radio's Executive Editor Jason Miller.
More From the Special Report: Top Leaders in Federal Service:
Online Chat: Ask the Leadership Expert
Low morale? You're not alone, new federal survey shows
When the going gets tough, good leaders lead
Making a difference ... the right way
GSA's Godwin sees employees as her 'greatest resource'
Parker leads IRS Chief Counsel's legal processing staff to success
Pelberg creates supportive environment to help IRS staff succeed
CDC's Rothwell epitomizes 'top shelf' leadership
Four generations of public service help Williams succeed at Energy


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This is an engineering model of one element of a four- telescope array called Celescope which was half of the payload for the second Orbiting Astronomical Satellite (OAO II), launched in December 1968. Developed at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Celescope was designed to survey the entire ultraviolet sky, looking for unusually hot sources of energy. Each telescope contained a 12-inch Cassegrain optical system and was equipped with a special Uvicon television tube and filters. The data from Celescope resulted in a catalog of over 5,000 ultraviolet colors for stars. Transferred from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
Transferred from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory


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The rooms at Red Cliffs Lodge are all Colorado River fronting with private patios overlooking the Colorado River just 100 feet away. The scenery is both spectacular and private. Each luxury room has an individual patio which is east facing, providing morning sun and afternoon shade.
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Persons with mild hearing loss often begin thinking about the possibility of seeking help from hearing aids. But they may do so grudgingly because they have heard stories from friends suggesting that hearing aids are never without complications. And it is true. Hearing aids always bring with them a set of advantages and disadvantages. And the degree to which a person will accept and enjoy their hearing aids depends a great deal upon how much the hearing loss is impinging on their enjoyment of life.
If you have been noticing that you are asking people to repeat, if others are starting to make comments about your hearing, then it is time to be brutally honest with yourself. Ask yourself whether you are able to hear the things you want to hear in order to live your life and enjoy it the way you want to. If you conclude that you are not functioning in the way that you desire, then hearing aid use can very likely help get you closer to your own goal of interacting with the people in your life in the way that you want to. It is, after all, your life. The audiologists at the various Swedish affiliated clinics can help you with this self assessment.


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Chat live online with a Brown Mackie College representative who can answer your questions,
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Read about Brown Mackie College to see the benefits of a career-focused education.
Find the Brown Mackie College location that is most convenient for you. read more »
The campuses in Birmingham, Kansas City, and Oklahoma City are branches of Brown Mackie College--Salina.
Brown Mackie College--Salina and its branch campuses are accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
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This search engine provides a comprehensive list of scholarships specific to Business and Technology. Please review all to ensure you meet the eligibility requirement prior to application. Scholarship eligibility requirements and submission deadlines will vary.
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The "read more" link below will connect you with your local community foundation and take you directly to the scholarship opportunities for your area. Check this site often as eligibility criteria and application deadlines are subject to change at the discretion of the community foundation.
New to 2012, the Education Foundation has partnered with Brown Mackie College to create the Education Foundation Matching Scholarship Program. This scholarship program is designed to assist students who contribute directly and reduce loan borrowing to pay for institutional charges. This scholarship is awarded through an essay competition. Visit the Student Financial Services department for more details on scholarship eligibility requirements and deadlines.
The Education Foundation is a non-profit tax-exempt foundation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Foundation is supported by contributions from multiple sources, and provides scholarships to students who attend Education Management Corporation (EDMC) owned schools.
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Publish a document, spreadsheet, presentation, or drawing
If you want to make a document, spreadsheet, presentation, or drawing available for a large audience to see, you can publish the file. Once you publish your file, you will receive a URL that you can send to anyone you choose or embed into your own website.Publish a file
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According to the Senate Democrats, they are getting closer to agreeing on a financial bill that will prevent a collapse like the one in 2008.
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Browsing Department of International Language Studies and Computational Linguistics (ISV) by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 31Next Page
An Eye-tracking and Key-logging StudyHvelplund, Kristian Tangsgaard (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This study is an empirical investigation of translators' allocation of cognitive resources, and its specific aim is to identify predictable behaviours and patterns of uniformity in translators' allocation of cognitive resources in translation. The study falls within the process-oriented translation paradigm and within the more general field of cognitive psychology. Based on models of working memory, attentional control, language comprehension and language production, a theoretical framework was developed on which hypotheses were formulated and evaluated. The study's empirical investigation fell into three major analyses, which each dealt with one aspect of translators' allocation of cognitive resources: distribution of cognitive resources, management of cognitive resources and cognitive load. Three indicators were identified: total attention duration (TA duration measured in seconds) indicates the distribution of cognitive resources; attention unit duration (AU duration measured in milliseconds) indicates the amount of time allocated between two attention shifts; and pupil size (measured in millimetres) indicates cognitive load, i.e. workload on working memory.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8314
Files in this item: 1Kristian_T_Hvelplund_SL.pdf (4.820Mb)
Self-formed Groups versus Automatically-formed GroupsRazmerita, Liana; Brun, Armelle (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Group work has been adopted as an important tool to support collaborative work in order to enhance learning processes. There is a wealth of literature related to group performance and the impact of group composition on group and individual performance. However, very few studies address the issue on how to automatically form groups. This article proposes a methodology that could be used by professors to form groups automatically taking into account different criteria as well as the students' profile. This methodology is based on a pilot study that analyzes group composition of self-formed student groups. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8553
Files in this item: 1Razmerita_2011.pdf (323.9Kb)
Nistrup Madsen, Bodil; Erdman Thomsen, Hanne; Halskov, Jakob; Lassen, Tine (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In our paper we present a project, the aim of which is to develop innovative and advanced methods for dynamic and automatic extraction of knowledge about concepts from texts and for automatic construction of ontologies. The project builds on and further develops the results of the CAOS project - Computer-Aided Ontology Structuring - which was carried out at Copenhagen Business School in the period 1998-2007. Terminological ontologies differ from other types of ontologies by comprising feature specifications and subdivision criteria. We have formalised subdivision criteria that have been used for many years in terminology work, by introducing dimensions and dimension specifications. In the CAOS prototype, facilities for semiautomatic checking of inconsistencies were developed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8283
Files in this item: 1TKE-2010-HET_BNM_JH_TL.pdf (370.7Kb)
Juel Henrichsen, Peter (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This working paper presents the CBS text-to-speech tool colloquially known as the TtT (Tekst-til-Tale). The tool is intended for training of university-level students, especially linguists training for a degree in speech technology, and visiting foreign students wanting to improve their spoken Danish. The TtT is operated through a simple wwwbased user-interface. Using the TtT requires basic skills in formal grammar-writing, but no knowledge on other aspects of artificial voice development such as phonetic-acoustic quantification, prosodic modelling, and signal generation. The paper includes a user manual. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7763
Files in this item: 12009-1.pdf (363.0Kb)
Towards a Group Formation MethodologyRazmerita, Liana; Brun, Armelle (Nordwijkerhout, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Group work has been adopted as an important tool to support collaborative work in order to enhance learning processes. There is a wealth of literature related to group performance and the impact of group composition on group and individual performance. However, very few studies address the issue on how to automatically form groups. This article proposes a methodology that could be used by professors to form groups automatically taking into account different criteria as well as the students' profile. This methodology is based on a pilot study that analyzes group composition of self-formed student groups. The pilot study findings suggest that students tend to form homogeneous group in terms of level of the knowledge. Furthermore, students report that working on common topics of interests was a decisive factor in forming the groups. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8335
Files in this item: 1RazmeritaCSEDU2011.pdf (126.5Kb)
Christiansen, Thomas U. (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Nonsense syllable speech materials are often used when investigating speech perception in quiet and under adverse conditions. The main advantage of using nonsense syllables over words and sentences is that the acoustic as well as linguistic context is minimal. This paper describes the considerations involved in producing three anechoic recordings of 14 male and 14 female native talkers of Danish each speaking 65 nonsense syllables repeated three times with falling F0 (total of 16380 syllables). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8218
Files in this item: 1
Haulrich, Martin (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Parallel treebanks have received increasing attention in the past few years, primarily due to their potential use in statistical machine translation. Creating parallel treebanks manually is a time-consuming and expensive task and for this reason there is considerable interest in creating treebanks automatically. This task can be solved using standard tools such as parsers and aligners. However, because parallel treebanks are based on parallel corpora, we are in a special situation where the same meaning is represented in two different ways. This thesis is about how we can exploit this information to create better parallel treebanks than we can by using standard tools.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8385
Files in this item: 1Martin_Haulrich.pdf (1.932Mb)
Dependency-based machine translation and parallel parsing without the projectivity and edge-factoring assumptionsA white paperBuch-Kromann, Matthias (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this white paper, we review the theoretical evidence about the computational efficiency of dependency parsing and machine translation without the widely used, but linguistically questionable assumptions about projectivity and edge-factoring. On the basis of the heuristic local optimality parser proposed by (Buch-Kromann, 2006), we propose a common architecture for monolingual parsing, parallel parsing, and translation that does not make these assumptions. Finally, we describe the elementary repair operations in the model, and argue that the model is potentially interesting as a model of human translation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6846
Files in this item: 12007-1.pdf (355.9Kb)
Buch-Kromann, Matthias (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: DTAG is a versatile annotation tool that supports manual and semi-automatic annotation of a wide range of linguistic phenomena, including the annotation of syntax, discourse, coreference, morphology, and word alignments. It includes commands for editing general labeled graphs and graph alignments, comparing annotations, managing annotation tasks, and interfacing with a revision control system. Its visualization component can display graphs and alignments for entire texts in a compact format, with a highly flexible and configurable formatting scheme. It also provides a powerful search-replace mechanism with queries based on full first-order logic, which can be used to search for linguistic constructions and automatically apply graph transformations to collections of annotated graphs. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8222
Files in this item: 12010-wp-dtag (2).pdf (137.0Kb)
Uneson, Marcus; Juel Henrichsen, Peter (Jachranka, 2011)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8413
Files in this item: 1Peter_Juel_Henrichsen_3.pdf (217.6Kb)
Carl, Michael; Doherty, Stephen; O'Brien, Sharon (Preprint, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Eye tracking has been used successfully as a technique for measuring cognitive load in reading, psycholinguistics, writing, language acquisition etc for some time now. Its application as a technique for automatically measuring the reading ease of MT output has not yet, to our knowledge, been tested. We report here on a preliminary study testing the use and validity of an eye tracking methodology as a means of semi- and/or automatically evaluating machine translation output. 50 French machine translated sentences, 25 rated as excellent and 25 rated as poor in an earlier human evaluation, were selected. 10 native speakers of French were instructed to read the MT sentences for comprehensibility. Their eye gaze data were recorded non-invasively using a Tobii 1750 eye tracker. The average gaze time and fixation count were found to be higher for the "bad" sentences, while average fixation duration and pupil dilations were not found to be substantially different between output rated as good or bad. Comparisons between BLEU scores and eye gaze data were also made and found to correlate well with gaze time and fixation count, and to a lesser extent with pupil dilation and fixation duration. We conclude that the eye tracking data, in particular gaze time and fixation count, correlate reasonably well with human evaluation of MT output but fixation duration and pupil dilation may be less reliable indicators of reading difficulty for MT output. We also conclude that eye tracking has promise as an automatic MT Evaluation technique. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8045
Files in this item: 1SubmissionforMT_dohertyobriencarl.pdf (226.2Kb)
Carl, Michael (, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: One of the aims of the Eye-to-IT project is to investigate the possibility of using eye-tracking devices for detecting situations of targeted help for human translators. A prerequisite for automated assistance in human translation is the understanding and modelling of reading behaviour, the ability to follow human eye movements and to map gaze sample points — the output of eyetracking devices — onto words and symbols fixated. Within the Eye-to-IT project we currently use a so-called "Gaze-to- Word Mapping" (GWM) device (ˇSpakov 2008) that first computes possible fixations from sequences of gaze sample coordinates and then maps the fixations on the words which are likely to be fixated. This paper suggests an alternative framework of a probabilistic gaze mapping model for reading, in which fixations on textual objects are directly computed from the gaze sample points. The framework integrates various knowledge sources with the aim to compute the most likely fixations on words and symbols on the basis of the available data. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8043
Files in this item: 1CLS.pdf (186.2Kb)
Franske adjektivisk afledte adverbier, der tager præpositionssyntagmer indledt med præpositionen à som argumenterEn valensgrammatisk undersøgelseSkot-Hansen, Annemette (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to map the valency structure of a subset of the French adverbs. More specifically, the dissertation seeks to answer the following questions: What valency structure follows from the lexical content of the adverbs investigated? What is the nature of the semantic relation established? What is the status of the valents relative to the adverb and relative to other valents? The empirical object of investigation is focused on adverbs derived from adjectives which take prepositional phrases headed by the preposition à as their complement. In addition, the delimitation chosen for this dissertation is a class of adverbs which share the feature that they carry the suffix -ment, which developed from the Latin noun mens, meaning "spirit/thought/mood/tenor". It is argued that the fusion of an adverb and mens establishes the general meaning [in an adjective spirit/thought/mood/tenor], i.e. the adverb retains the general quality denoted by the adjective, but the meaning targets the verb situation (at clause level) or the quality (at phrasal level) which saturates the argument of the adverb. Following tradition, the analysis adopted here, takes the verb situation to be realised by the predicate, and the quality to be realised by an adjective phrase, which may be realised by a past participle or, in rare cases, by another adverb. Since the valent is required by the lexical content of the adverb, it is assumed, following Herslund and Sørensen, that the valent is a fundamental valent. Another important feature of the adverbs which are analysed in this dissertation is that they establish a relation between two entities. This means that in addition to its fundamental valent, the adverb takes a further valent which it links with the fundamental valent. This second valent is referred to as the second valent of the adverb. The two valents are analysed as two relata in a relation. Unlike the fundamental valent, the second valent is always at phrasal level. When the adverb functions at clausal level, the second valent is realised as the prepositional object of the preposition phrase headed by à. This realisation is, however, not possible when the adverb functions at phrasal level. It is argued that this is a consequence of the fact that it is impossible to insert other constituents between the adverb and the adjective, adverb or participle which is modified by the adverb. The result is that where the second valent is realised, the adverb moves from preposition to postposition relative to its fundamental valent. In the data investigated the second valent denotes very different entities such as situations denoted by verbs and qualities, but also objects and abstract entities. The individual adverbs which are investigated here each determine their valency. In general there are different sources that allow us to uncover the core meaning of a word. The sources chosen in this dissertation are: the semantic roles assigned by the adverbs, their symmetry, elements of shared semantics or partial synonymy, their morphology and etymological roots. In order to bring together these different sources, the dissertation postulates a denotation design for each adverb. The etymology of the adverbs has been a particularly helpful in determining the relation and valency they establish. In addition to adverb and adjective suffixes, the majority of the adverbs investigated have a preposition in their synchronic morphological make-up which denotes a relation between two entities: some adverbs contain both a preposition and a morpheme from another word class, e.g. comparativement and subséquemment, while others contain only a preposition, e.g. antérieurement and postérieurement. A very small subset does not contain a preposition, but only a single adverb morpheme which denotes the relation in question, so, for instance, the adjectives par and similis, which have formed pareillement and semblablement, denote a relation between two relata. From an etymological perspective, a few adverbs, such as latéralement, do not denote a relation – so it is only through the formal realisation of the preposition phrase that the relation is established. The dissertation maps the etymological and morphological structure of the adverb and the range of functions that the adverb and its valents can have at clausal and phrasal level. The function of the adverb is relevant to the extent that the function affects its semantics and its valency structure. The effect of function is seen in some adverbs when they operate on clausal or on phrasal level and in other adverbs when they modify entire clauses or just the verb. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7944
Files in this item: 1Annemette_Skot-Hansen.pdf (2.974Mb)
Nistrup Madsen, Bodil; Odgaard, Anna Elisabeth (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In order to develop a harmonised and efficient IT system, such as a database, it is important to be familiar with the underlying concept model (concept systems) for the relevant domain which the IT system should be designed to accommodate, as this forms the necessary firm foundation for designing the conceptual data model. Although there is no one-to-one correlation between concept and characteristic features in the concept model and classes and attributes in the conceptual data model, there are many similarities between concept modelling and conceptual data modelling, and by closely examining the relationship between the two models, we have strived to construct an algorithm for creating conceptual data models in Unified Modelling Language (UML) on the basis of concept models that adhere to the traditional principles and methods of terminology work. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8284
Files in this item: 1bnm-aeo-TKE-2010-NEW.pdf (166.2Kb)
A Study of CWA Raters' Decision-Making BehavioursLindhardsen, Vivian (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The present maps study maps the decision-making behaviors of experienced raters in a well-established Communal Writing Assessment (CWA) context, tracing their behaviors all the way from the independent rating sessions, where the initial images and judgments are formed, to the communal rating sessions, where the final scores are assigned on the basis of collaboration between two rates. Results from think-aloud protocols, recorded discussions, retrespective reports and reported scores from 20 raters rating 15 ESL essays show that when moving from the independent ratings to the communal ratings, there is little, if any, increase in rater agreement levels and the raters' attention to the textual features corresponding to the official criteria become more evenly distributed. However, rather than consulting the scale descriptors directly in resolving insecurities about score assignment, the raters seemed to rely heavily on each others' expertise, thereby reducing the importance of the scale and emphasizing the value of the community of raters. In validating their scores in the communal rating discussions the raters appeared to be critically and equally engaged in the discussions, and through deliberating and refining their assessments the raters believed that CWA practices produce more accurate scores than in independent ratings and lead to professional development. These interpretations support a hermeneutic rather than a psychometric approach to establishing the validity of the present CWA practices. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7743
Files in this item: 1Vivian_Lindhardsen.pdf (8.523Mb)
Buch-Kromann, Matthias; Haulrich, Martin (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We propose a novel machine learning technique that can be used to estimate probability distributions for categorical random variables that are equipped with a natural set of classification hierarchies, such as words equipped with word class hierarchies, wordnet hierarchies, and suffix and affix hierarchies. We evaluate the estimator on bigram language modelling with a hierarchy based on word suffixes, using English, Danish, and Finnish data from the Europarl corpus with training sets of up to 1–1.5 million words. The results show that the proposed estimator outperforms modified Kneser-Ney smoothing in terms of perplexity on unseen data. This suggests that important information is hidden in the classification hierarchies that we routinely use in computational linguistics, but that we are unable to utilize this information fully because our current statistical techniques are either based on simple counting models or designed for sample spaces with a distance metric, rather than sample spaces with a non-metric topology given by a classification hierarchy. Keywords: machine learning; categorical variables; classification hierarchies; language modelling; statistical estimation URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8221
Files in this item: 12010-wp-buch-kromann-haulrich.pdf (216.6Kb)
The Case of the Pre-nominal Genitive in EnglishAnker Jensen, Per (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8237
Files in this item: 1gengram_Dokumentation final+code.pdf (341.5Kb)
Hardt, Daniel; Elming, Jakob (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A method is presented for incremental retraining of an SMT system, in which a local phrase table is created and incrementally updated as a file is translated and post-edited. It is shown that translation data from within the same file has higher value than other domain-specific data. In two technical domains, within-file data increases BLEU score by several full points. Furthermore, a strong recency effect is documented; nearby data within the file has greater value than more distant data. It is also shown that the value of translation data is strongly correlated with a metric defined over new occurrences of ngrams. Finally, it is argued that the incremental re-training prototype could serve as the basis for a practical system which could be interactively updated in real time in a post-editing setting. Based on the results here, such an interactive system has the potential to dramatically improve translation quality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8272
Files in this item: 1Hardt_Elming.pdf (201.1Kb)
Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a Lexico-typological PerspectiveMüller, Henrik Høeg (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The title of my talk is "Informational balance. Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a lexico-typological perspective". What I basically mean by informational balance is that semantic content is distributed systematically differently between nouns and verbs in the Romance and Germanic languages, and that this distribution is complementary. I shall explain that in detail in a minute, but first I shall introduce you to the problem, which I believe can be explained on the basis of this idea about "informational balance". URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8281
Files in this item: 1Full Paper Berlin (sep 2010).pdf (110.5Kb)
Juel Henrichsen, Peter (, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Modern hearing aids use a variety of advanced digital signal processing methods in order to improve speech intelligibility. These methods are based on knowledge about the acoustics outside the ear as well as psychoacoustics. We present a novel observation based on the fact that acoustic prominence is not equal to information prominence for time intervals at the syllabic and sub-syllabic levels. The idea is that speech elements with a high degree of information can be robustly identified based on basic acoustic properties. We evaluated the correlation of (information rich) content words in the DanPASS corpus with fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral tilt across four frequency bands. Our results show a correlation of certain band-level differences and the presence of content words. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, a correlation between F0 and the presence of content words was found. The principle described here has the potential to improve the "information-to-noise" ratio in hearing aids. In addition, this concept may also be applicable in automatic speech recognition systems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8411
Files in this item: 1Peter_Juel_Henrichsen_ISAAR2011.pdf (296.9Kb)
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Non-dreadful bridesmaid dresses? We promise, they do exist. Here are our picks for the best bridesmaid dresses that you'll actually want to wear -- even after the wedding is over
Being a bridesmaid kinda sucks. Let's evaluate: Hours of standing around in painful shoes; holding the bride's massively long dress as she uses the toilet; constantly being on watch for bridal party lipstick teeth; walking down the aisle arm and arm with an awkward younger cousin; and the biggest headache of them all -- wearing an awful-looking and ill-fitting bridesmaid dress.
Click here to see our bridesmaid dress picks.
To be fair, finding a cute bridesmaid dress that pleases an entire group of girls isn't exactly a piece of (wedding) cake. But there is hope. Bridesmaid dresses aren't what they used to be. Gone are the days of purple taffeta gowns with puffed sleeves. Things have gotten much, much cuter. To show you just how cute, we rounded-up the best bridesmaid dresses that you'll actually want to wear.
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Sonar Eclipse provides a comprehension Sonar integration for Eclipse. With this Eclipse plugin, java developers don't need anymore to leave their favorite IDE in order to get valuable information about the source code quality. Most of the information displayed in the Sonar Web interface is now available in Eclipse. Sonar Eclipse takes care to automatically collect information from the Sonar Web server and decorates the source code on-the-fly.
Installing Sonar Eclipse is straightforward, for instructions, prerequisites, and a demonstration video, go to Installing Sonar Eclipse.
- Get all quality measures on project, package and file ressources
- Find quality hotspots according to selectable metric : files with most duplicated lines, most complex files, files with most uncovered lines by unit tests, ...
- On-the-fly decoration of the source code with violation to quality rules
- List of all known violations to quality rule on selected ressources (project, package, file)
- Bridge with the Sonar Web ressource viewer to display additional information not yet fully integrated into the Eclipse GUI like the lines and branches uncovered by unit tests.
Configure Sonar Eclipse
Sonar Eclipse is pre-configured to work with local Sonar server listening on http://localhost:900/. If you want to use your corporate Sonar server(s), you must first define this server by using the Eclipse global Preferences window :
Once your Sonar server has been defined, the next step is to "link" your eclipse projects with projects defined and analysed in your corporate Sonar server(s). This linkage operation can be done by right-clicking on the the project into the "Package explorer", and then by choosing "Configure -> Associate with Sonar..." :
You can now start to use Sonar Eclipse and fix quality flaws.
Use Sonar Eclipse
Sonar Eclipse provides one eclipse perspective and four eclipse views. Those eclipse views can of course be used outside the "Sonar" eclipse perspective, but in the following tutorial we are going to work with the provided perspective.
To activate the "Sonar" eclipse perspective, click on "Windows -> Open Perspective -> Other ..." and select "Sonar" :
Measures view
The Measure view allows to get all available measures on the selected ressources. Most of the time, developers focus their attention on only few important metrics like complexity, uncovered lines of code by unit tests, duplicated lines, ... and want to get a quick overview on those metrics. That's why favourite metrics are displayed on the top of the Measures view. Adding or Removing a metric from the favourites list is made possible by right clicking on the metric name :
Violations view
The Violations view displayed the list of all violations to quality rules for the selected ressources (project, package, file) :
A double-click on a violation open the source code editor and highlight the violation :


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Description / Features
The .NET ReSharper plugin supports using the free JetBrains ReSharper command line code inspection tool "InspectCode" as a source for .NET-based static analysis issues. ReSharper is an extremely popular commercial plugin to the Visual Studio IDE for .NET development and this plugin allows users to have a parallel experience in the IDE and in SonarQube when it comes to code analysis results.
What You Can Expect To See
Something like this in Visual Studio using ReSharper:
Will turn into this in SonarQube:
- The .Net Ecosystem plugins (C# Ecosystem and/or the VB.NET plugin), version 2.1 or greater
- The JetBrains ReSharper command line tools
- There are consistency issues in versions of the tools before 8.1, so it is recommended not using versions before 8.1
- Install the .NET and C# plugins following their installation instructions
- Install the sonar-dotnet-resharper-plugin from the Update Center or download them (link at top of this page) into the SONARQUBE_HOME/extensions/plugins directory
- Restart the SonarQube server
- Modify Your Project's Quality Profile (see below)
Modify Your Project's Quality Profile
If you install the sonar-dotnet-resharper-plugin on a clean system where you have not modified the "Sonar way" Quality Profile, then all of the new ReSharper-based rules will be included and enabled immediately. However, if you have modified that profile or have your own custom profile(s), you will need to enable the ReSharper rules for that profile after installing the plugin. To do this, go into the SonarQube web UI, click the "Quality Profiles" link in the header bar, and choose the profile you wish to include ReSharper results.
In the filter boxes, choose "ReSharper" in the Repository field and "Any" from the Activation field and click "Search". I expect you'll see a list of approx 650 rules, all disabled. In the upper right corner of the results list is a "Bulk Change" option. Choose "Activate all". This will (immediately) activate all of the ReSharper rules for this profile.
Running an Analysis
The SonarQube Runner is recommended for analyzing .NET solutions, but Maven can also be used.
Now, add the following properties to your sonar-project.properties file(s) based on which scenario you wish to follow.
Where the value of
sonar.resharper.reports.path is the path to the ReSharper results file relative to each project file, as an absolute path, or utilize any of the Path Patterns supported by the .Net ecosystem plugins. This has the current limitation (same as the FxCop and other sonar-dotnet plugins) of requiring the same relative path be used for all projects. As such, if your filesystem layout has project files at different depths relative to the results file, you should consider using an absolute path or one of the Path Patterns.
Where the value of sonar.resharper.dotSettings.path (optional) is the path to your ReSharper settings customization file (created by the ReSharper "Options" dialog in Visual Studio). Note: If the DotSettings file exists in the same folder as the .sln file and has the same base name as the solution (ex: MySolution.sln and MySolution.DotSettings), ReSharper will automattically use the file without having to provide it in this property. Providing a value here will override the name-based DotSettings file, which will then not be used.
And the value of sonar.reshaper.additionalArguments is added to the inspectcode command line. Values can be determined using the /help parameter to inspectcode and here: http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/Introducing+InspectCode. The /properties argument can be used to provide MSBuild values and the undocumented /plugin can be used to include a local ReSharper plugin.
A Note About Rule Severity
ReSharper user a four-tier severity, while SonarQube uses a five-tier system. The plugin has mapped the ReSharper values like this in the initial rules profile loading:
|Do Not Show
While some of the ReSharper rules are marked as "Do Not Show" by default, the plugin maps them to "Info" so that you can modify their visibility via the Quality Profile. If you want them to not show, disable the rules in the Quality Profile. You can, of course, change any of these levels for any rule using the Quality Profile, and I fully expect most people will want to downgrade a lot of the 'Critical' rules to 'Major' and a lot of 'Info' to be turned off.
Adding Additional ReSharper Rules
"Sonar.UnknownIssueType" Violation
SonarQube requires that the rule database be populated up front, at server start. ReSharper provides a list of possible violation types for their tool via the "/dumpIssuesTypes" argument, and the plugin will populate the SonarQube rule repository using these values (as of the plugin's build). However, as new versions come out, or you add your own ReSharper plugins to generate new IssueTypes, it's possible that you will have violations in your code that the plugin did not know about when the server started, so cannot import into SonarQube appropriately. When the plugin comes across one of these, it will write a log statement (to the runner's log) and generate a "Sonar.UnknownIssueType" violation with instructions on how to add the rule information to the 'ReSharper custom rules' property in the Settings UI. After adding that setting and restarting SonarQube, future analysis runs will support those IssueTypes.
Other File Types
While the ReSharper tools support the full .Net stack, including .xaml and other file types, the sonar-dotnet API does not currently support more than one language (C# or VB.net) for a given project. For .xaml and other files, the plugin attempts to report the violations against every file ReSharper reports, but they will show up in SonarQube without source code. Additionally, there are a handful of situations where they may end up attached to the project instead.
You can configure the plugin to only report violations against files that are supported by the dotnet plugins using the 'sonar.resharper.includeAllFiles' property.


text:
Every year, SEID fosters productive collaborations between MIT Sloan students and new ventures in emerging markets as part of our action learning projects. Teams of 3-4 MBA students spend the fall semester working with these organizations to solve important str
ategic challenges they are facing. In the spirit of the MIT motto, Mens et Manus, MBA students get an amazing opportunity to apply the theories from the classroom to have real impact on the ground.
This year, SEID has organized 8 projects for MBA students to immerse themselves in. Each project is an entrepreneurial venture with operations on the ground in a developing country. Our projects are spread throughout the world in Tanzania, Iraq, Ghana, India, Liberia and Nicaragua and cut across a whole range of industries.


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Choosing Webster for your education is one of the best choices you can make to advance personally and professionally.
Established in 1997, the Rolla Metropolitan Campus offers a Master of Arts in Counseling (with emphasis in Professional Mental Health counseling, Marriage Family & Child counseling, and Community Counseling) and a new Master of Health Administration (MHA). Classes for both programs are taught by instructors who work in the fields they teach. Their real-life experience is brought into the classroom.
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text: ArticleRelated DiseasesImages & Quizzes smallermediumlarger 1 2 3 Next Electromyogram(EMG) Dementia Slideshow Pictures Take the ADHD Quiz Brain Foods Slideshow Pictures Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology. View Full Profile Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. View Full Profile What is an electromyogram? Why is an EMG test done? How is an intramuscular EMG done? How do you prepare for an intramuscular EMG? Does an EMG hurt? What other test is done during an intramuscular EMG? Patient Comments: Electromyogram - ExperiencePatient Comments: Electromyogram - Diagnosis What is an electromyogram? Reader Stories Read 70 Stories Share Your Story An electromyogram (EMG) is a test that is used to record the electrical activity of muscles. When muscles are active, they produce an electrical current. This current is usually proportional to the level of the muscle activity. An EMG is also referred to as a myogram. EMGs can be used to detect abnormal electrical activity of muscle that can occur in many diseases and conditions, including muscular dystrophy, inflammation of muscles, pinched nerves, peripheral nerve damage (damage to nerves in the arms and legs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), myasthenia gravis, disc herniation, and others.Why is an EMG test done? Reader Stories Read 6 Stories Share Your Story An EMG is often performed when patients have unexplained muscle weakness. The EMG helps to distinguish between muscle conditions in which the problem begins in the muscle and muscle weakness due to nerve disorders. The EMG can also be used to detect true weakness, as opposed to weakness from reduced use because of pain or lack of motivation. EMGs can also be used to isolate the level of nerve irritation or injury.How is an intramuscular EMG done? A needle is inserted through the skin into the muscle. The electrical activity is detected by this needle (which serves as an electrode). The activity is displayed visually on an oscilloscope and may also be detected audibly with a speaker. Since skeletal muscles are often large, several needle electrodes may need to be placed at various locations to obtain an informative EMG. After placement of the electrode(s), the patient may be asked to contract the muscle (for example, to bend the leg). The presence, size, and shape of the wave form (the action potential) produced on the oscilloscope provide information about the ability of the muscle to respond to nervous stimulation. Each muscle fiber that contracts produces an action potential. The size of the muscle fiber affects the rate (how frequently an action potential occurs) and the size (the amplitude) of the action potential. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 5/14/2015Next: How do you prepare for an intramuscular EMG?1 2 3 Next Electromyogram Index Patient Comments Viewers share their comments Electromyogram - Experience Question: Please describe your experience receiving an electromyogram. View 70 Comments • Submit » Electromyogram - Diagnosis Question: Have you received an electromyogram? Did it diagnose your condition, and if so, what was causing your muscle weakness? View 6 Comments • Submit » Share this Article: Facebook Twitter Email Print Article Suggested Reading on Electromyogram (EMG) by Our Doctors Related Diseases & Conditions 24 articles Sciatica Sciatica pain, caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve, typically radiates from the low back to behind the thigh to below the knee. Disc herniation is Muscle Spasms Muscle spasms are involuntary muscle contractions that come on suddenly and are usually quite painful. Dehydration, doing strenuous exercise in a hot environment, Pinched Nerve A pinched nerve causes pain, numbness, or tingling in the affected area due to pressure on a nerve. Caral tunnel and sciatica are two examples of conditions Lower Back Pain There are many causes of back pain. Pain in the low back can relate to the bony lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition where symptoms are produced from compression of nerves or blood vessels because the passageway through the neck Neck Pain (Cervical Pain) Neck pain (cervical pain) may be caused by any number of disorders and diseases. Tenderness is another symptom of neck pain. Though treatment for neck Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy is a problem with the functioning of the nerves outside of the spinal cord. Symptoms may include numbness, weakness, burning pain Carpal Tunnel Syndrome And Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which irritation of the wrist's median nerve causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the middle Radiculopathy Radiculopathy, a condition in which a nerve or nerves along the spine are compressed causing pain, numbness, weakenss, and tingling along the nerve(s). Polymyositis Polymyositis is a disease of the muscle featuring inflammation of the muscle fibers. It results in weakness of the muscles which can be severe and when Sleep Apnea Sleep apnea is defined as a reduction or cessation of breathing during sleep. The three types of sleep apnea are central apnea, obstructive apnea (OSA), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease) is a neurological disease that progresses rapidly. The disease attacks the nerve cells responsible Degenerative Disc Disease & Sciatica Degenerative disc disease makes the disc more susceptible to herniation (rupture) which can lead to localized or radiating pain. The pain from degenerative Myasthenia Gravis Myasthenia gravis, a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Varying degrees of weakness of the voluntary muscles of the body are the main characteristics. Herniated Disc A herniated disc may be caused by injury or degeneration from age. Symptoms depend on the location of the herniation and whether nerve tissue is being Botulism Botulism is an illness caused by a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are three types of botulism: food-borne, wound, Dysphagia Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing, swallowing problems. Dysphagia is due to problems in nerve or muscle control. It is common, for example, after a Cauda Equina Syndrome Cauda equina syndrome is a medical emergency condition that is caused by the uncommon compression of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord. Symptoms Dystonia Dystonia disorders cause involuntary movements and prolonged muscle contraction, resulting in twisting body motions, tremor, and abnormal posture. There Urinary Incontinence There are many types of urinary incontinence (UI), which is the accidental leakage of urine. These types include stress incontinence, urge incontinence, Nerve Disease and Bladder Control A nerve problem might affect your bladder control if the nerves that are supposed to carry messages between the brain and the bladder do not work properly. Post-Polio Syndrome Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a group of signs and symptoms that show up two to four decades after the initial polio infection. Symptoms of PPS include Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease affects the peripheral nerves. Symptoms Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a degenerative, fatal brain disorder in humans. Symptoms are initially psychiatric or sensory and include neurological Medications 0 articles Procedures & Tests 3 articles Pictures, Images & Quizzes 2 articles Doctor's & Expert's Views 1 articles Health News 0 articles Health Features 0 articles STAY INFORMED Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox!


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Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 07:20 PM #1
The Grand Druid (Lvl 20)
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ø Ignore RangerWickett
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Healing and combat tension between 4e and Next
By late-era 4e, combats (at least in my group) tended to go like this:
Round 1. PCs and monsters engage. Each side gets chipped away a bit.
Round 2. Monsters bloody a PC.
Round 3. A PC nearly goes down, another PC is bloodied, and the party has only just bloodied one monster.
Things are looking bad for the party. But then the PCs start using their healing words and similar powers. Minor action healing lets them keep dealing damage while pulling the team back from the brink.
Round 4. Resurgent PCs take down two enemies. Enemies bloody another PC, keeping the pressure on.
Round 5. A PC who's gotten into a bad spot uses a daily power and mops up the enemies. The party is left beaten and bloodied, and feeling like they narrowly pulled out a win.
Now, I don't want every fight in 5e to feel like that. In fact, I rather enjoyed "Crap, 6 kobolds. Get 'em! . . . Oh, wait, they're already all dead? Hm, okay."
But for boss fights, Next doesn't have the "pull back from the brink" options 4e did. Should it?Ryan "RangerWickett" Nock
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Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 07:29 PM #2
Acolyte (Lvl 2)
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ø Ignore VinylTap
I just don't believe you can't compare a polished, published and heavily errata system to an early play test of a completely different game and hope to get anything really meaningful out of it. Its apples and oranges.
I think the direction you're asking questions is fine, but there are better ways to look at/phrase the problem.
There's a new playtest right around the corner, as well.
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 08:47 PM #3
Magsman (Lvl 14)
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ø Ignore JamesonCourage
I'd rather the "pulled back from the brink" actually be pulled back from the brink, not just engineered. I know that my group has pulled out a victory from a losing situation a few times, and that while they absolutely love that feeling, it would be greatly diminished if it was part of the system. Maybe its just me, but I'm guessing plenty of fights in 5e can go from "looks like we're going to lose" to "we won!" From where I'm standing, that's perfect. As always, play what you like
As always, play what you like
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 09:01 PM #4
Grandfather of Assassins (Lvl 19)
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ø Ignore billd91
Bill D
"There's a fine line between a superpower and a chronic medical condition."
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Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 09:48 PM #5
Lama (Lvl 13)
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ø Ignore BobTheNob
Excellent question.
I love "pull em back from the brinks", but they have to be designed right.
Ultimately it comes down to the nature of "dailies" (or other limited use mechanic) and how they are designed. You see, I hate "IWIN" dailies that you pop at the start of combat. Deplore them. So some dailies have left a bad taste in my mouth. But when they have the attribute of being potent, yet circumstantial, they start to get a bit more flavor.
Im going to come up with a hypothetical example here...its a bit 4e, but its to illustrate a point
(Kinda paladin-ish really)
Power : "My life for his"
Effect : An unconscious ally regains consciousness and recover half of his max hit points. In addition, that ally has +2 to hit and damage till end of round. Your hit points instantly drop to zero and cannot be revived for at least 10 minutes
Now consider this. Your in a fight, you down to 1 hit point and have little left to contribute. The enemy is looking beat up, but ultimately looks like a TPK is in the works. The parties moderately durable yet hard hitting fighter is down. You pop this power, lose the 1 hp you had left, the fighter gets up at half max hp and a good attack bonus, in a much better position to help finish the fight than you are.
This is what I like.
* It has a price that makes it a judgement when to use it
* Its not a "start the fight, I WIN" button
* Its daily, so it aint every fight. You have to time it.
Im summary : I like it because its only effective if used well, meaning half of the potency of it lies with the character and the other half lies with the player. It smacks of something only a desperate person would do, and to me, thats what "back from the brink" powers should be all about.
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 11:06 PM #6
Myrmidon (Lvl 10)
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ø Ignore ZombieRoboNinja
What in 5e seems not brinky enough? Couldn't a well-placed Cure X Wounds spell work just as well as a Healing Word?
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 11:31 PM #7
Waghalter (Lvl 7)
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ø Ignore Warbringer
@ bobtheknob
While I appreciate the Sentiment of the power, it's too gamist for me.... Trade off a fighter at close to full power for a hp... Nah ...
What I want is what happened in my 1e game back in college in 87 .... Ranger with frost blade vs. lich with fire shield .... Sure , killed the lich, and himself in the act ! .... If there are trade offs , let's make them real.
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 11:31 PM #8
Grandfather of Assassins (Lvl 19)
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ø Ignore FireLance
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Healing, when it takes place, tends to occur outside of combat, through the use of Hit Dice or the cure X wounds spells, which also seem (again, at least to me) to be a more efficient use of a daily healing resource, so healing word would hardly ever get used. Either the PCs are winning, in which case there is no point spending a daily healing resource, or the PCs are losing, in which case more healing seems to be a better option than a small amount of healing and a basic attack. (If healing word allowed the target to spend a Hit Dice in addition to the 1d6 hit points healed, I might want to use it more.)
Hence, I find that most fights tend to fall into the following categories:
1. The PCs beat the monsters easily, occasionally without taking any damage.
2. One PC is seriously injured or goes down, but it isn't worth spending any healing resources because the PCs are winning and the fight will be over soon.
The number of fights in which the PCs need to use healing resources to win are quite rare, which I suppose suits those who like that playstyle. However, for me, those fights don't happen often enough and, due to the daily nature of in-combat healing resources, probably cannot happen often enough in an adventuring day.
Last edited by FireLance; Thursday, 4th October, 2012 at 11:43 PM.
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 11:43 PM #9
Thaumaturgist (Lvl 9)
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ø Ignore GreyICE
Theory and play have constantly shown that in-combat healing, except to stabilize dying people, is almost always a terrible idea if it costs a standard action.
The problem is that you COULD be doing something useful, but instead you're healing. If you're healing and they're hurting, you're not winning.
Thursday, 4th October, 2012, 11:48 PM #10
Waghalter (Lvl 7)
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ø Ignore Ferghis
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I have to admit, I really like OP's combat dynamic. I understand that simplifying things is a big part of Next, but I see the fights becoming boring for me, not just because of the dynamic, but also tactically.
The biggest complexity I think was adding a variety of durations to different effects. If the durations were simply "until the end of target's next turn" "save ends" (the two are almost the same thing) and "encounter" and keep effects standardized, I think it would be much easier to deal with a little complexity.


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Major Brand 3/4" x 2-1/4" Cinnamon Maple
3/4" x 2-1/4" Cinnamon Maple Prefinished Solid Flooring- 5 Yr Warranty
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We caught up with real Lumber Liquidators' customers who volunteered to discuss their floor shopping, buying and installation experiences. In no way did these customers receive compensation for their kind words. (They're speaking straight from the heart.)
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my husband and i installed this flooring in an outbuilding i will use as a workout/ dance studio. the product was not labeled utility grade in its online description, but was labeled utility directly on the wood and therefore had many more smaller pieces and several mismilled faulty finished pieces. some waste is to be expected, though and we had plenty to complete the job. i do love the beautiful color, and i enjoy the more rustic nature of this flooring. overall, considering the thrifty price of this flooring, i am quite satisfied with the result.
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The floors turned out absolutely beautiful and the price could not be beat. There were a lot of short pieces of wood, which made it cumbersome to do the installation, but for the price that is to be expected. We couldn't be happier with our new floors.
Service and delivery comments:
We ordered this wood flooring online. We were disappointed when we were originally told it would take several weeks to be delivered to our local store, and no other store within hours had it in stock. However, it turned out it only took about 10 days to be delivered to our local store. Lumber Liquidators called us at every step of the way to keep us updated on our order.
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Blends well with historic flooring in industrial loft.
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We put this down in a craft room. I purchased 380 Ft2 (19 boxes) for 340 ft2 room. I ended up 2 boxes short.
On a positive note, once I told my local distribute he pointed me to Customer Care. They took care of the issue once pointed out. The two boxes were just enough to finish it up. Wife is pleased over all. So no problem....
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This is a beautiful product if you want quality floors with character and color variance. Being complete novices, we installed the floor in our living room and hallway (about 240 sq ft) over a 3 day period. Very tedious, hard work but the floor is beautiful. We ordered 10% more product and used every single usable board.
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Q:Would I be able to sand and refinish this wood with a dark stain? Would a dark stain take well despite the wood seeming to have a reddish color?
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A:Sanding & refinishing is possible but Maple is difficult to stain dark colors.
Q:Would this product be suitable for installation in a hunting cabin heated by a wood stove ? Cabin is located in Maine.
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A:All of our flooring products are designed to be installed in climate controlled environment.
Q:what is the average board length on this product
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A:The purpose of Rustic grade flooring is to produce a floor suitable for homes, general utility use, or where character marks and contrasting appearance is desired. Rustic grade flooring has a lower average plank length than Natural grade flooring.When purchasing this grade be sure to add 10% -20% to complete the project. This is a random length wood product that comes 1' to 4' in length, the average length is about 2'. Thank you for your inquiry.
Q:I recently bought a 1000 feet of this product I am very happy with the appearance but it has a very uneven height if you rub your hand or foot across it the edge of one board will be a few thousands higher than the next. Will this cause the finish to ware off of the higher edge very quickly and if so will the warranty cover this? At first I thought it was my sub floor until I checked the lumber still in the box and it is the same.
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A:Height differences are common with prefinished flooring unlike unfinished which will be the same until it is sanded smoothly. This may be especially true with this product as it is Utility Grade.
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A:Please call our Tech and Installation Dept. @ (800) 366-4204 for a detailed answer to your question. Thank you for your inquiry.
Q:Is this really maple? The species listed (quercus rubra) is oak even though the "trade name" and "marketing name" are maple.
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A:Please call our Tech and Installation Dept. @ (800) 366-4204 for a detailed answer to your question. Thank you for your inquiry.
Q:Could this be used for a ceiling application in an outdoor room? We live in Wisconsin, so it would be exposed to heat, extreme cold, humidity, etc; but will be protected from contact with rain or snow (assuming it is used on the ceiling.)
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A:Prefinished flooring needs installed indoors with climate control. Urethane finish can't handle the dimensional changes that take place with extreme environmental shifts, HOWEVER you can use an unfinished hardwood (preferably quarter/rift sawn) finished with tung or other natural oils as with covered porch flooring. These site finished penetrating sealers expand and contract with the flooring without cracking.
Q:Is this flooring cabin grade? sku 10025076
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A:Rustic grade. Also referred to as Third Grade or #2 Common
Q:It's stated in the specifications to get 10% extra for waste. Does that mean this is Rustic grade?
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A:The solid is cabin grade with pieces under 12in.


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Woodland plants blanket cotton-linen fabric in a forest of embroidered silhouettes, taking shape in a range of soft neutrals on ivory. Duvet has a hidden button closure and interior fabric ties to hold the insert in place. Reverses to solid ivory. Duvet inserts also available.
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