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Shakespeare's Polonius offered this classic advice to his son: "neither a borrower nor a lender be." Many of our nation's Founding Fathers emphatically saw it otherwise. They often lived by the maxim: always a borrower, never a lender be. As tobacco and rice planters, slave traders, and merchants, as well as land and currency speculators, they depended upon long lines of credit to finance their livelihoods and splendid ways of life. So, too, in those days, did shopkeepers, tradesmen, artisans, and farmers, as well as casual laborers and sailors. Without debt, the seedlings of a commercial economy could never have grown to maturity.
Ben Franklin, however, was wary on the subject. "Rather go to bed supperless than rise in debt" was his warning, and even now his cautionary words carry great moral weight. We worry about debt, yet we can't live without it.
Debt remains, as it long has been, the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of capitalism. For a small minority, it's a blessing; for others a curse. For some the moral burden of carrying debt is a heavy one, and no one lets them forget it. For privileged others, debt bears no moral baggage at all, presents itself as an opportunity to prosper, and if things go wrong can be dumped without a qualm.
Those who view debt with a smiley face as the royal road to wealth accumulation and tend to be forgiven if their default is large enough almost invariably come from the top rungs of the economic hierarchy. Then there are the rest of us, who get scolded for our impecunious ways, foreclosed upon and dispossessed, leaving behind scars that never fade away and wounds that disable our futures.
Think of this upstairs-downstairs class calculus as the politics of debt. British economist John Maynard Keynes put it like this: "If I owe you a pound, I have a problem; but if I owe you a million, the problem is yours."
After months of an impending "debtpocalypse," the dreaded "debt ceiling," and the "fiscal cliff," Americans remain preoccupied with debt, public and private. Austerity is what we're promised for our sins. Millions are drowning, or have already drowned, in a sea of debt -- mortgages gone bad, student loans that may never be paid off, spiraling credit card bills, car loans, payday loans, and a menagerie of new-fangled financial mechanisms cooked up by the country's "financial engineers" to milk what's left of the American standard of living.
The world economy almost came apart in 2007-2008, and still may do so under the whale-sized carcass of debt left behind by financial plunderers who found in debt the leverage to get ever richer. Most of them still live in their mansions and McMansions, while other debtors live outdoors, or in cars or shelters, or doubled-up with relatives and friends -- or even in debtor's prison. Believe it or not, a version of debtor's prison, that relic of early American commercial barbarism, is back.
In 2013, you can't actually be jailed for not paying your bills, but ingenious corporations, collection agencies, cops, courts, and lawyers have devised ways to insure that debt "delinquents" will end up in jail anyway. With one-third of the states now allowing the jailing of debtors (without necessarily calling it that), it looks ever more like a trend in the making.
Will Americans tolerate this, or might there emerge a politics of resistance to debt, as has happened more than once in a past that shouldn't be forgotten?
The World of Debtor's Prisons
Imprisonment for debt was a commonplace in colonial America and the early republic, and wasn't abolished in most states until the 1830s or 1840s, in some cases not until after the Civil War. Today, we think of it as a peculiar and heartless way of punishing the poor -- and it was. But it was more than that.
Some of the richest, most esteemed members of society also ended up there, men like Robert Morris, who helped finance the American Revolution and ran the Treasury under the Articles of Confederation; John Pintard, a stock-broker, state legislator, and founder of the New York Historical Society; William Duer, graduate of Eton, powerful merchant and speculator, assistant secretary in the Treasury Department of the new federal government, and master of a Hudson River manse; a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge; army generals; and other notables.
Whether rich or poor, you were there for a long stretch, even for life, unless you could figure out some way of discharging your debts. That, however, is where the similarity between wealthy and impoverished debtors ended.
Whether in the famous Marshalsea in London where Charles Dickens had Little Dorritt's father incarcerated (and where Dickens's father had actually languished when the author was 12), or in the New Gaol in New York City, where men like Duer and Morris did their time, debtors prisons were segregated by class. If your debts were large enough and your social connections weighty enough (the two tended to go together) you lived comfortably. You were supplied with good food and well-appointed living quarters, as well as books and other pleasures, including on occasion manicurists and prostitutes.
Robert Morris entertained George Washington for dinner in his "cell." Once released, he resumed his career as the new nation's richest man. Before John Pintard moved to New Gaol, he redecorated his cell, had it repainted and upholstered, and shipped in two mahogany writing desks.
Meanwhile, the mass of petty debtors housed in the same institution survived, if at all, amid squalor, filth, and disease. They were often shackled, and lacked heat, clean water, adequate food, or often food of any kind. (You usually had to have the money to buy your own food, clothing, and fuel.) Debtors in these prisons frequently found themselves quite literally dying of debt. And you could end up in such circumstances for trivial sums. Of the 1,162 jailed debtors in New York City in 1787, 716 owed less than twenty shillings or one pound. A third of Philadelphia's inmates in 1817 were there for owing less than $5, and debtors in the city's prisons outnumbered violent criminals by 5:1. In Boston, 15% of them were women. Shaming was more the point of punishment than anything else.
Scenes of public pathos were commonplace. Inmates at the New Gaol, if housed on its upper floors, would lower shoes out the window on strings to collect alms for their release. Other prisons installed "beggar gates" through which those jailed in cellar dungeons could stretch out their palms for the odd coins from passersby.
Poor and rich alike wanted out. Pamphleteering against the institution of debtor's prison began in the 1750s. An Anglican minister in South Carolina denounced the jails, noting that "a person would be in a better situation in the French King's Gallies, or the Prisons of Turkey or Barbary than in this dismal place." Discontent grew. A mass escape from New Gaol of 40 prisoners armed with pistols and clubs was prompted by extreme hunger.
In the 1820s and 1830s, as artisans, journeymen, sailors, longshoremen, and other workers organized the early trade union movement as well as workingmen's political parties, one principal demand was for the abolition of imprisonment for debt. Inheritors of a radical political culture, their complaints echoed that Biblical tradition of Jubilee mentioned in Leviticus, which called for a cancellation of debts, the restoration of lost houses and land, and the freeing of slaves and bond servants every 50 years.
Falling into debt was a particularly ruinous affliction for those who aspired to modest independence as shopkeepers, handicraftsmen, or farmers. As markets for their goods expanded but became ever less predictable, they found themselves taking out credit to survive and sometimes going into arrears, often followed by a stint in debtor's prison that ended their dreams forever.
However much the poor organized and protested, it was the rich who got debt relief first. Today, we assume that debts can be discharged through bankruptcy (although even now that option is either severely restricted or denied to certain classes of less favored debt delinquents like college students). Although the newly adopted U.S. Constitution opened the door to a national bankruptcy law, Congress didn't walk through it until 1800, even though many, including the well-off, had been lobbying for it.
Enough of the old moral faith that frowned on debt as sinful lingered. The United States has always been an uncharitable place when it comes to debt, a curious attitude for a society largely settled by absconding debtors and indentured servants (a form of time-bound debt peonage). Indeed, the state of Georgia was founded as a debtor's haven at a time when England's jails were overflowing with debtors.
When Congress finally passed the Bankruptcy Act, those in the privileged quarters at New Gaol threw a party. Down below, however, life continued in its squalid way, since the new law only applied to people who had sizable debts. If you owed too little, you stayed in jail.
Debt and the Birth of a Nation
Nowadays, the conservative media inundate us with warnings about debt from the Founding Fathers, and it's true that some of them like Jefferson -- himself an inveterate, often near-bankrupt debtor -- did moralize on the subject. However, Alexander Hamilton, an idol of the conservative movement, was the architect of the country's first national debt, insisting that "if it is not excessive, [it] will be to us a national blessing."
As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton's goal was to transform the former 13 colonies, which today we would call an underdeveloped land, into a country that someday would rival Great Britain. This, he knew, required liquid capital (resources not tied up in land or other less mobile forms of wealth), which could then be invested in sometimes highly speculative and risky enterprises. Floating a national debt, he felt sure, would attract capital from well-positioned merchants at home and abroad, especially in England.
However, for most ordinary people living under the new government, debt aroused anger. To begin with, there were all those veterans of the Revolutionary War and all the farmers who had supplied the revolutionary army with food and been paid in notoriously worthless "continentals" -- the currency issued by the Continental Congress -- or equally valueless state currencies.
As rumors of the formation of a new national government spread, speculators roamed the countryside buying up this paper money at a penny on the dollar, on the assumption that the debts they represented would be redeemed at face value. In fact, that is just what Hamilton's national debt would do, making these "sunshine patriots" quite rich, while leaving the yeomanry impoverished.
Outrage echoed across the country even before Hamilton's plan got adopted. Jefferson denounced the currency speculators as loathsome creatures and had this to say about debt in general: "The modern theory of the perpetuation of debt has drenched the earth with blood and crushed its inhabitants under burdens ever accumulating." He and others denounced the speculators as squadrons of counter-revolutionary "moneycrats" who would use their power and wealth to undo the democratic accomplishments of the revolution.
In contrast, Hamilton saw them as a disinterested monied elite upon whom the country's economic well-being depended, while dismissing the criticisms of the Jeffersonians as the ravings of Jacobin levelers. Soon enough, political warfare over the debt turned founding fathers into fratricidal brothers.
Hamilton's plan worked -- sometimes too well. Wealthy speculators in land like Robert Morris, or in the building of docks, wharves, and other projects tied to trade, or in the national debt itself -- something William Duer and grandees like him specialized in -- seized the moment. Often enough, however, they over-reached and found themselves, like the yeomen farmers and soldiers, in default to their creditors.
Duer's attempts to corner the market in the bonds issued by the new federal government and in the stock of the country's first National Bank represented one of the earliest instances of insider trading. They also proved a lurid example of how speculation could go disastrously wrong. When the scheme collapsed, it caused the country's first Wall Street panic and a local depression that spread through New England, ruining "shopkeepers, widows, orphans, butchers... gardeners, market women, and even the noted Bawd Mrs. McCarty."
A mob chased Duer through the streets of New York and might have hanged or disemboweled him had he not been rescued by the city sheriff, who sent him to the safety of debtor's prison. John Pintard, part of the same scheme, fled to Newark, New Jersey, before being caught and jailed as well.
Sending the Duers and Pintards of the new republic off to debtors' prison was not, however, quite what Hamilton had in mind. And leaving them rotting there was hardly going to foster the "enterprising spirit" that would, in the treasury secretary's estimation, turn the country into the Great Britain of the next century. Bankruptcy, on the other hand, ensured that the overextended could start again and keep the machinery of commercial transactions lubricated. Hence, the Bankruptcy Act of 1800.
If, however, you were not a major player, debt functioned differently. Shouldered by the hoi polloi, it functioned as a mechanism for funneling wealth into the mercantile-financial hothouses where American capitalism was being incubated.
No wonder debt excited such violent political emotions. Even before the Constitution was adopted, farmers in western Massachusetts, indebted to Boston bankers and merchants and in danger of losing their ancestral homes in the economic hard times of the 1780s, rose in armed rebellion. In those years, the number of lawsuits for unpaid debt doubled and tripled, farms were seized, and their owners sent off to jail. Incensed, farmers led by a former revolutionary soldier, Daniel Shays, closed local courts by force and liberated debtors from prisons. Similar but smaller uprisings erupted in Maine, Connecticut, New York, and Pennsylvania, while in New Hampshire and Vermont irate farmers surrounded government offices.
Shays' Rebellion of 1786 alarmed the country's elites. They depicted the unruly yeomen as "brutes" and their houses as "sties." They were frightened as well by state governments like Rhode Island's that were more open to popular influence, declared debt moratoria, and issued paper currencies to help farmers and others pay off their debts. These developments signaled the need for a stronger central government fully capable of suppressing future debtor insurgencies.
Federal authority established at the Constitutional Convention allowed for that, but the unrest continued. Shays' Rebellion was but part one of a trilogy of uprisings that continued into the 1790s. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 was the most serious. An excise tax ("whiskey tax") meant to generate revenue to back up the national debt threatened the livelihoods of farmers in western Pennsylvania who used whiskey as a "currency" in a barter economy. President Washington sent in troops, many of them Revolutionary War veterans, with Hamilton at their head to put down the rebels.
Debt Servitude and Primitive Accumulation
Debt would continue to play a vital role in national and local political affairs throughout the nineteenth century, functioning as a form of capital accumulation in the financial sector, and often sinking pre-capitalist forms of life in the process.
Before and during the time that capitalists were fully assuming the prerogatives of running the production process in field and factory, finance was building up its own resources from the outside. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of public and private debt made the lives of farmers, craftsmen, shopkeepers, and others increasingly insupportable.
This parasitic economic metabolism helped account for the riotous nature of Gilded Age politics. Much of the high drama of late nineteenth-century political life circled around "greenbacks," "free silver," and "the gold standard." These issues may strike us as arcane today, but they were incendiary then, threatening what some called a "second Civil War." In one way or another, they were centrally about debt, especially a system of indebtedness that was driving the independent farmer to extinction.
All the highways of global capitalism found their way into the trackless vastness of rural America. Farmers there were not in dire straits because of their backwoods isolation. On the contrary, it was because they turned out to be living at Ground Zero, where the explosive energies of financial and commercial modernity detonated. A toxic combination of railroads, grain-elevator operators, farm-machinery manufacturers, commodity-exchange speculators, local merchants, and above all the banking establishment had the farmer at their mercy. His helplessness was only aggravated when the nineteenth-century version of globalization left his crops in desperate competition with those from the steppes of Canada and Russia, as well as the outbacks of Australia and South America.
To survive this mercantile onslaught, farmers hooked themselves up to long lines of credit that stretched back to the financial centers of the East. These lifelines allowed them to buy the seed, fertilizer, and machines needed to farm, pay the storage and freight charges that went with selling their crops, and keep house and home together while the plants ripened and the hogs fattened. When market day finally arrived, the farmer found out just what all his backbreaking work was really worth. If the news was bad, then those credit lines were shut off and he found himself dispossessed.
The family farm and the network of small town life that went with it were being washed into the rivers of capital heading for metropolitan America. On the "sod house" frontier, poverty was a "badge of honor which decorated all." In hisDevil's Dictionary, the acid-tongued humorist Ambrose Bierce defined the dilemma this way: "Debt. n. An ingenious substitute for the chain and whip of the slave-driver."
Across the Great Plains and the cotton South, discontented farmers spread the blame for their predicament far and wide. Anger, however, tended to pool around the strangulating system of currency and credit run out of the banking centers of the northeast. Beginning in the 1870s with the emergence of the Greenback Party and Greenback-Labor Party and culminating in the 1890s with the People's or Populist Party, independent farmers, tenant farmers, sharecroppers, small businessmen, and skilled workers directed ever more intense hostility at "the money power."
That "power" might appear locally in the homeliest of disguises. At coal mines and other industrial sites, among "coolies" working to build the railroads or imported immigrant gang laborers and convicts leased to private concerns, workers were typically compelled to buy what they needed in company scrip at company stores at prices that left them perpetually in debt. Proletarians were so precariously positioned that going into debt -- whether to pawnshops or employers, landlords or loan sharks -- was unavoidable. Often they were paid in kind: wood chips, thread, hemp, scraps of canvas, cordage: nothing, that is, that was of any use in paying off accumulated debts. In effect, they were, as they called themselves, "debt slaves."
In the South, hard-pressed growers found themselves embroiled in a crop-lien system, dependent on the local "furnishing agent" to supply everything needed, from seed to clothing to machinery, to get through the growing season. In such situations, no money changed hands, just a note scribbled in the merchant's ledger, with payment due at "settling up" time. This granted the lender a lien, or title, to the crop, a lien that never went away.
In this fashion, the South became "a great pawn shop," with farmers perpetually in debt at interest rates exceeding 100% per year. In Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, 90% of farmers lived on credit. The first lien you signed was essentially a life sentence. Either that or you became a tenant farmer, or you simply left your land, something so commonplace that everyone knew what the letters "G.T.T." on an abandoned farmhouse meant: "Gone to Texas." (One hundred thousand people a year were doing that in the 1870s.)
The merchant's exaction was so steep that African-Americans and immigrants in particular were regularly reduced to peonage -- forced, that is, to work to pay off their debt, an illegal but not uncommon practice. And that neighborhood furnishing agent was often tied to the banks up north for his own lines of credit. In this way, the sucking sound of money leaving for the great metropolises reverberated from region to region.
Facing dispossession, farmers formed alliances to set up cooperatives to extend credit to one another and market crops themselves. As one Populist editorialist remarked, this was the way "mortgage-burdened farmers can assert their freedom from the tyranny of organized capital." But when they found that these groupings couldn't survive the competitive pressure of the banking establishment, politics beckoned.
From one presidential election to the next and in state contests throughout the South and West, irate grain and cotton growers demanded that the government expand the paper currency supply, those "greenbacks," also known as "the people's money," or that it monetize silver, again to enlarge the money supply, or that it set up public institutions to finance farmers during the growing season. With a passion hard for us to imagine, they railed against the "gold standard" which, in Democratic Party presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan's famous cry, should no longer be allowed to "crucify mankind on a cross of gold."
Should that cross of gold stay fixed in place, one Alabama physician prophesied, it would "reduce the American yeomanry to menials and paupers, to be driven by monopolies like cattle and swine." As Election Day approached, populist editors and speakers warned of an approaching war with "the money power," and they meant it. "The fight will come and let it come!"
The idea was to force the government to deliberately inflate the currency and so raise farm prices. And the reason for doing that? To get out from under the sea of debt in which they were submerged. It was a cry from the heart and it echoed and re-echoed across the heartland, coming nearer to upsetting the established order than any American political upheaval before or since.
The passion of those populist farmers and laborers was matched by that of their enemies, men at the top of the economy and government for whom debt had long been a road to riches rather than destitution. They dismissed their foes as "cranks" and "calamity howlers." And in the election of 1896, they won. Bryan went down to defeat, gold continued its pitiless process of crucifixion, and a whole human ecology was set on a path to extinction.
The Return of Debt Servitude
When populism died, debt -- as a spark for national political confrontation -- died, too. The great reform eras that followed -- Progessivism, the New Deal, and the Great Society -- were preoccupied with inequality, economic collapse, exploitation in the workplace, and the outsized nature of corporate power in a consolidated industrial capitalist system.
Rumblings about debt servitude could certainly still be heard. Foreclosed farmers during the Great Depression mobilized, held "penny auctions" to restore farms to families, hanged judges in effigy, and forced Prudential Insurance Company, the largest land creditor in Iowa, to suspend foreclosures on 37,000 farms (which persuaded Metropolitan Life Insurance Company to do likewise). A Kansas City realtor was shot in the act of foreclosing on a family farm, a country sheriff kidnapped while trying to evict a farm widow and dumped 10 miles out of town, and so on.
Urban renters and homeowners facing eviction formed neighborhood groups to stop the local sheriff or police from throwing families out of their houses or apartments. Furniture tossed into the street in eviction proceedings would be restored by neighbors, who would also turn the gas and electricity back on. New Deal farm and housing finance legislation bailed out banks and homeowners alike. Right-wing populists like the Catholic priest Father Charles Coughlin carried on the war against the gold standard in tirades tinged with anti-Semitism. Signs like one in Nebraska -- "The Jew System of Banking" (illustrated with a giant rattlesnake) -- showed up too often.
But the age of primitive accumulation in which debt and the financial sector had played such a strategic role was drawing to a close.
Today, we have entered a new phase. What might be called capitalist underdevelopment and once again debt has emerged as both the central mode of capital accumulation and a principal mechanism of servitude. Warren Buffett (of all people) has predicted that, in the coming decades, the United States is more likely to turn into a "sharecropper society" than an "ownership society."
In our time, the financial sector has enriched itself by devouring the productive wherewithal of industrial America through debt, starving the public sector of resources, and saddling ordinary working people with every conceivable form of consumer debt.
Household debt, which in 1952 was at 36% of total personal income, had by 2006 hit 127%. Even financing poverty became a lucrative enterprise. Taking advantage of the low credit ratings of poor people and their need for cash to pay monthly bills or simply feed themselves, some check-cashing outlets, payday lenders, tax preparers, and others levy interest of 200% to 300% and more. As recently as the 1970s, a good part of this would have been considered illegal under usury laws that no longer exist. And these poverty creditors are often tied to the largest financiers, including Citibank, Bank of America, and American Express.
Credit has come to function as a "plastic safety net" in a world of job insecurity, declining state support, and slow-motion economic growth, especially among the elderly, young adults, and low-income families. More than half the pre-tax income of these three groups goes to servicing debt. Nowadays, however, the "company store" is headquartered on Wall Street.
Debt is driving this system of auto-cannibalism which, by every measure of social wellbeing, is relentlessly turning a developed country into an underdeveloped one.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are back. Is a political resistance to debt servitude once again imaginable?


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Correspondences from Team Engadget out into the Twitterverse.
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When the temperature falls it can be relaxing to sit in a steaming hot tub. Make sure you use these tips if using an outdoor hot tub during the winter months.
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i read sam's essay, "lying", last night and thoroughly enjoyed it. i found myself agreeing with almost all that he had to say. there is one example in my own life, though, that i can't see any better way to deal with than by lying - so i'd like to share it and see if anyone has any thoughts or comments.
i'm a 25 year old male and i work in a very social environment where i see about the same 30-40 faces per day of varying ages (from early 20s to mid 60s). we all do the same job and have much in common and like to socialise together regularly. (i don't intend to give too much away as to the job itself or my location but i can clarify any specific questions about this if deemed necessary)
by the way, if you're a prude then you might not find this scenario particularly to your taste, but if you can set that objection to one side and consider the actual dilemma (or polylemma) for what it's worth then proceed:
recently, on one particular social occasion, a group of us went to a local bar after work on a friday and i met a new young female employee that i had not met before. one thing led to another and we spent the night together. in the morning she told me that she has a boyfriend so i'm not to tell anyone about what we did as it would undermine her professional integrity if anyone at work found out, and potentially jeopardise her relationship (the boyfriend does not work with us). this was a surprise to me, but i wasn't heart-broken, and we haven't done anything like this again since.
gossip and rumour-mongering is rife in our place of work, and the first question on peoples' lips on the monday following this was, "what happened after we saw you leave together?". i decided to lie and say that we happened to leave at the same time but each went to our separate homes.
now i know one way of answering that question without lying or dropping her in it would be to say, "that's none of your business", but that would only leave people assuming that either we obviously did sleep together, or that i'm not an interesting person to spend time chatting to. obviously i don't want to former outcome, and unfortunately being a good socialiser is an important aspect of the job so it would not be in my interests to have the latter outcome.
interestingly, if i told everyone that asked exactly what happened, my station would probably go up in this social microcosm, although hers would be lowered and she would be practically forced to confront her own relationship problems against her will. but i don't want to disrupt her life over this one-off incident, and who am i to decide for her that she should fix her relationship in this way anyway?
isn't the lie the solution which causes the least misery for everyone? to simply kill the rumour-mill before it starts, therefore not being labelled a bore myself (as would happen if i told people to mind their own business) or having her labelled a whore (as would happen if i told people what did happen)?
obviously i've left out the boyfriend in my calculations, but in this situation i don't know anyone else that he knows apart from the girl in question - no matter what i do it is still up to the girl to sort it out herself. in the real world, i see it as none of my business how the girl wishes to treat her boyfriend. i don't know how that figures exactly in the context of the "lying" essay but that is my opinion based on personal experience.
having read and enjoyed sam's essay, "lying", i can see two ways in which he might describe the best solution to this scenario.
firstly, this may be characterised as lying in self-defence. in this particular microcosm it is essential to maintain a fun and sociable persona so the whole "none of your business" answer would only be to shoot myself in the foot in the long run. to admit what happened would be to her detriment, so it is essential to lie in defence of both of us.
secondly, it could easily be pointed out that the gossip- and rumour-culture of this microcosm is negative by its very nature and the only way to change that would be to start a trend of answering "none of your business" to personal questions that we don't want to answer. overall, the microcosm would be better off if people would learn to respect others privacy a bit more, so that should be the best answer. after all, if we continue to lie to maintain this culture then when will it ever change?
on this occasion i prefer to see it as lying in self-defence for the reasons stated above. on another occasion, eg. if i were starting to go out with someone i really did like and with whom i wanted to start a proper relationship, then i probably would answer "none of your business" - but then that's a different kettle of fish, isn't it?
leaving aside the smuttiness of the particular subject at hand, i would welcome any comments or thoughts anyone would like to share.


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Discussions about eggcorns and related topics
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Thanks for your understanding.
Chris -- 2011-03-08
An "opening gambit" is a chess move in which one gives up something early in the game that is of minor worth (a pawn, say) to achieve a strategical advantage. For many English speakers "gambit" has lost its association with chess and simply means a ploy, a maneuver. So an "opening gambit" would be a initial action, perhaps a risky one, that expects some response.
There are a couple of dozen pages on the web that have "opening gamble" in a context that does not include actual gambling and on which the phrase appears to be used in the same sense as the metaphorical extensions of "opening gambit." Three examples:
Book review on Barnes and Noble: "This paranormal romance grips the audience from the opening gamble until the final confrontation with Ar's former boss." (http://search.barnesandnoble.com/The-Ho … 451220790/)
Blog entry: "For Nietzsche, this is the divine dice throw: the opening gamble that is our world, and we in it," (http://eriktrips.livejournal.com/977216.html)
Web fiction: "'An impressive opening gamble,' he said as he set his cup
down. 'I assume you have some evidence to back up this hunch
of yours.'" (http://www.omniscribe.com/baitandswitch10.txt)
Last edited by kem (2008-11-08 01:35:11)
There's also "running the gambit"—a hazardous undertaking.
(Usually doing duty for "running the gamut" in which case it's typically less hazardous, but occasionally for "running the gantlet/gauntlet". Of course, you can also run a/your gambit when you let a hazardous game plan play itself out. 34+12+4+.7k rgh.)
Last edited by DavidTuggy (2008-08-27 22:37:13)
*If the human mind were simple enough for us to understand,
we would be too simple-minded to understand it* .
"Running the gambit" is in the database. http://eggcorns.lascribe.net/english/174/gambit/ Shoulda mentioned that.
Last edited by kem (2008-08-27 22:15:25)
Shoulda checked.
*If the human mind were simple enough for us to understand,
we would be too simple-minded to understand it* .
kem wrote:
"Running the gambit" is in the database. http://eggcorns.lascribe.net/english/174/gambit/
Yeah, here's an example I just encountered of a similar construction (from the website of the great Nash the Slash): "This CD, initially released in 1997, finds Nash the Slash covering the gambit of his artistic landscape – free jazz, avant-garde, classical, rock-n-roll…"
Dixon, "covering the gambit" makes one wonder whether ambit, one of , is within the ambit of gambit and gamut. And limit. "Outside the gambit" is very common. "Very common" these days means more than five hits.
Coins are outside the gambit of the limit. ... Then comes the dreaded referral to Directorate of Enforcement (DoE). Best to stay within its gambit.
Gamut, ambit, gamble, limit. We might also add "amid" to this big fuzzy spot. Some of the examples of are probably catalyzed by "ambit." This one, for example:
: " such solicitation falls in the amid of the definition"


text:
At a Glance
Why Get Tested?
To help determine whether you have had a recent strep infection with the bacteria group A Streptococcus; to help diagnose complications resulting from a strep infection such as rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis, a form of kidney disease
When to Get Tested?
When you have symptoms such as fever, chest pain, fatigue and shortness of breath that suggest rheumatic fever or symptoms such as edema and dark urine that are associated with glomerulonephritis, especially when you recently may have had a group A streptococcal infection that was not diagnosed and treated appropriately
Sample Required?
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm
Test Preparation Needed?
The Test Sample
What is being tested?
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) is an antibody targeted against streptolysin O, a toxic enzyme produced by group A Streptococcus bacteria. ASO and anti-DNase B are the most common of several antibodies that are produced by the body's immune system in response to a strep infection with group A Streptococcus. This test measures the amount of ASO in the blood.
Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) is the bacterium responsible for causing strep throat and a variety of other infections, including skin infections (pyoderma, impetigo, cellulitis). In most cases, strep infections are identified and treated with antibiotics, and the infections resolve.
When a strep infection does not cause identifiable symptoms, goes untreated, or is treated ineffectively, however, complications (sequelae), namely rheumatic fever and a type of kidney disease (glomerulonephritis), can sometimes develop, especially in young children. These secondary conditions have become much less prevalent in the U.S. because of routine strep testing, but they still do occur. These conditions can cause serious complications such as damage the heart, acute kidney dysfunction, tissue swelling (edema), and high blood pressure (hypertension). The ASO test can be used to help determine if these are due to a recent group A strep infection.
How is the sample collected for testing?
A blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm.
NOTE: If undergoing medical tests makes you or someone you care for anxious, embarrassed, or even difficult to manage, you might consider reading one or more of the following articles: Coping with Test Pain, Discomfort, and Anxiety, Tips on Blood Testing, Tips to Help Children through Their Medical Tests, and Tips to Help the Elderly through Their Medical Tests.
Another article, Follow That Sample, provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of a blood sample and throat culture.
Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample?
No test preparation is needed.
The Test
Common Questions
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Article Sources
NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.
Sources Used in Current Review
Hammad, T. (Updated 2012 June 4). Antistreptolysin O Titer. Medscape Reference [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2113540-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed January 2014.
Delgado, J. and Fisher, M. (Updated 2013 September). Streptococcal Disease, Group A - Group A, Strep. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/StrepA.html?client_ID=LTD through http://www.arupconsult.com. Accessed January 2014.
Robert J Meador, R. and Russell, I. J. (Updated 2013 December 13). Acute Rheumatic Fever. Medscape Reference [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333103-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed January 2014.
Parmar, M. (Updated 2013 April 3). Acute Glomerulonephritis. Medscape Reference [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239278-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed January 2014.
(© 1995–2014). Antistrep-O Titer, Serum. Mayo Clinic Mayo Medical Laboratories [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/80205 through http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com. Accessed January 2014.
Vorvick, L. (Updated 2012 May 15). Antistreptolysin O titer. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003522.htm through http://www.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed January 2014.
Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2011). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 10th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 916-918.
Wu, A. (© 2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 4th Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Pg 1528.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 98-99.
Greco, F. (2005 April 29). ASO titer. MedlinePlus Medical Encylopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003522.htm.
(2001 October). Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Reagent Set, A Latex Slide Test. Teco Diagnostics [On-line package insert]. Available online through http://www.tecodiag.com.
(2000 April). Trutest ASO. True-Medix Diagnostics, Inc. [On-line package insert]. Available online through http://www.truemedix.com.
Mylonakis, E. (2005 June 10, Updated). Rheumatic fever. MedlinePlus Medical Encylopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003940.htm.
Agha, I. (2004 January 19, Updated). Post-streptococcal GN. MedlinePlus Medical Encylopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000503.htm.
Cunningham, M. (2000 July). Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections. American Society for Microbiology [On-line journal]. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 July; 13(3): 470-511. Available online at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=10885988 through http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov.
Vorvick, L. (Updated 2008 August 12). Antistreptolysin O titer. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003522.htm. Accessed January 2010.
Chin, T. and Li, D. (Updated 2009 November 20). Rheumatic Fever. eMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1007946-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed January 2010.
Delgado, J. et. al. (Updated 2009 November). Streptococcal Disease, Group A - Group A, Strep. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/StrepA.html# through http://www.arupconsult.com. Accessed January 2010.
Mayo Clinic Staff (2009 January 23). Rheumatic fever. MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/rheumatic-fever/DS00250/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print through http://www.mayoclinic.com. Accessed January 2010.
Bhimma, R. (Updated 2010 January 7). Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis. eMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/980685-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed January 2010.
Nainggolan, L. (2009 March 6). AHA Updates Advice on Strep Throat, Preventing Rheumatic Fever. Medscape Today from Heartwire [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/589223 through http://www.medscape.com. Accessed January 2010.
Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2007). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 102-103.
Forbes, B. et. al. (© 2007). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, 12th Edition: Mosby Elsevier Press, St. Louis, MO. Pp 277.
(April 21, 2008) University of Virginia Health System: Rheumatic fever. Available online at http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_arthritis/rheumat.cfm through http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu. Accessed February 2010.
(Updated April 13, 2009) Wallace, MR. Rheumatic Fever. Medscape eMedicine. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236582-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed April 2010.


text:
Here is the situation:
You are working on your complex, hi-tech code, and your boss keeps on asking if it's finished.
But the project started just yesterday and you have two weeks to go.
What can I do? Shall I keep on answering "I'm on it!"? :)
Here is the situation:
You are working on your complex, hi-tech code, and your boss keeps on asking if it's finished.
But the project started just yesterday and you have two weeks to go.
What can I do? Shall I keep on answering "I'm on it!"? :)
closed as primarily opinion-based by gnat, GlenH7, MichaelT, Kilian Foth, jwenting Aug 26 '14 at 10:45
Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
You plan to work on this for two weeks. So do you actually have a plan? For example "I am going to put together the ui, connect the event handlers using mocks/stubs for the data part, test all that, write the data part, ...". Or if you're TDD, which tests you're going to write and which pieces of the puzzle will stay mocked the longest. I think your boss will be happy to see a plan and see where you are in it. If there are 10 steps in your plan and after 1 day you have 1 done, it's a pretty good guess you need two weeks.
I think you and your boss have a communication issue. Either your boss doesn't think it needs two weeks, and is asking "Why isn't it done yet?", or your boss is really saying "show me a plan so I know it will be done on time", or some completely different thing. So it might also be a good idea to say "I am not sure why you are asking me if it is finished yet. Is there anything else you need to know besides yes/no is it finished?"
Suggest that you have daily update meetings first thing in the morning. In these you will tell him what you did yesterday, what you hope to achieve and what (if anything) is causing a hold up.
He can tell you the latest sales/marketing news and if there are any changes to the plan.
This is basically an agile/scrum meeting.
If he knows this is happening he might leave you alone for the rest of the day.
First understand that "I'm on it" is the worst thing you can say. It indicates that you don't want to tell him what you have done and to his mind that means you haven't done anything. Often managers have good reason to feel this way as that is exactly the phrase that bad employees use when they are trying to avoid telling the boss they are stuck or don't know what to do or are in over their head. "I'm on it" means to a manager that the project is trouble and you might be quitting the day before the deadline to avoid facing the music. The more you say, "I'm on it" the more he is going to pester you as that doesn't give him any information.
Your boss has every right to know what you are doing and what progress you have made. This is not an interruption of your work, it is part of your work. Now how to handle it so he isn't so annoying about it? I'd give him what he wants, information. Do it at the beginning of the day or the end of the day on a schedule. Discuss it with him if he would like a meeting, or just an email with a progress report. Give him an action plan and then tell him when you are deviating from the plan. Once he has built up a trust that you wil give him the information he needs and that you won't hide problems until it's too late to deal with them, he will probably back off. But until you take actions to build that trust, he won't.
It is likely that he too has bosses who are pestering him daily for progress reports. If he can give them and sound knowledgeable to his management, that's what he really wants most of the time.
However, there are some people who are just bullies and won't be satisfied no matter what you tell them, they indulge in magical thinking and think things can be done by when they want them just because that is when they want them. They think of how much better they will look to their managers if they bring things in early, not if it is even possible. If the boss won't accept a simple daily meeting or email of progress, then he may be one of these people. If he is, then this is the kind of person you want to avoid and finding a different position in the company or outside the company may be your best bet in the long run. Life is too short to waste with dealing with toxic people.
Your boss is probably anxious about the progress. Ask him/her if it would be OK for you to send him/her a progress report at the end of each day explaining what you've done.
That's probably more effective, and less career-limiting than telling your boss that the constant interruptions are ruining your ability to work effectively, and he/she is really annoying you.
If he is so keen then he would probably like a 15 minute status report every morning. Do that every day for the coming two weeks, and he will be happy.
Put a kanban chart outside your cube.
your manager can look at it, and you will update it after every step you have taken.
And you'll all live happily ever after.
send a daily status update mail, even before he asks about it. indicate the small things you have done,blocking issues if any, the percentage completion, and the estimated time needed.
after it's become a habit, it gives the boss a feeling of 'things are going well and in control'. this works well, i have tried and succeeded doing the same.
You need to persuade him to bother you rather less often.
I agree with all the suggestions above of a daily status report. I would also refer you and your boss to point 8 in Joel's article here: http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000043.html
If you are autonomous person, just tell him that you don't need so much supervision.
I have the luck to work for a university teacher and basically he's too busy doing other stuff to be always looking at what I'm doing (I don't need him to look after me to work, thank you, I love my work and that motivate me enough).
I would say tell him to find other stuff to do but bothering you but that's obviously a big NO. So, try to get him to trust you that you can do a good job even when he's not looking and he might get the hint.
Why does he not trust you anyway? Did you just get on the job? Proved him that you needed supervision? or is he just a poor manager?
how did this person become a manager of programmers while demonstrating such a poor grasp of the fundamentals of project engineering? i don't see this ending well, i doubt anything you could recommend will make much of a difference. if your manager is responsive to suggestions, i would recommend an approach that conveys data in a minimally invasive way...for example, an email sent at the end of the day that provides a three-line summary of what you accomplished. i can't imagine any amount of work accomplished over an eight hour period that can't be summarized in thirty words or less


text:
Scouting Report-Asamoah is a tough guy to scout, because he plays at Illinois. They play a funky offense, and to be quite honest aren't very good at it sometimes. So a player like Asamoah gets sort of lost in the shuffle. But if you look close enough you can see that what you get with him is an athletic player for his size, quick and full of finesse, and does an excellent job not only in pass protection stepping outside picking up the edge but the underrated part of his game is his run blocking. No, he's not a powerhouse like Iupati, and he's not going to physically dominate players like he does, but in today's NFL when more teams run zone blocking schemes and need more athletic offensive linemen, a guy like Asamoah could be a great player. He is strong in his lower body and can get low and slow down the bull rush, but the one big shortcoming to his game is his lack of power. I'm not sure he can hold up against some of the big oversized tackles in the league and while I do think he could make the switch to center if he needs to, I am not sure if he has the power or leverage to battle some of the big nose tackles in the 3-4 defenses around the league.
Draft Status-I think Asamoah is a bit underrated right now, because it's tough to get a good look at him. He's not the player Mike Iupati is, but teams need great guards, and I think Asamoah has the chance to be a ten year starter in the NFL. As the 2nd best guard in the draft, I can see him coming off somewere toward the end of the 2nd, start of the third round. He'll be hurt by some of these hybrid type players who will probably end up pushing him down some.
Final Analysis-If Asamoah played for a team like USC or Oklahoma, he'd be all over the map in terms of hype, but being stuck in Illnois means no one has heard of you. This means he'll be a nice steal for some team. There are certainly some shortcomings to his game including short arms, and a lack of dominant power, but his quickness and athleticism, matched up with experience and intelligence is a winning combination for him. If you look through the league at the starting guards in the NFL you see a lot of guys who were overlooked in the draft, and just came in and worked hard and improved and Asamoah is definitely that kind of player. Great teammate, great player.
Reminds me of: Chris Kuper, Denver Broncos-Both guys are a little undersized and rely more on quicknes, athletic ability, and effort over brute force.
Red Flags:
Scouting Report written by Curt Popejoy
© 2004-2009 DBI Media, LLC (Photos by AP) | Terms of Use and Disclaimer | Privacy Policy


text:
I searched and searched and searched yesterday for an answer to the question "Does altitude affect AFUE?" but did not come up with any definitive answers. Hopefully this discussion will answer that question more easily for folks in the future.
Derating combustion appliances typically applies the equation of about 2% per 1000 ft above sea level (from most manufacturer's specifications). So here in Santa Fe (at 7000 ft ASL), the derate would be 14%. Applying this to a 100 MBTUH input capacity appliance, the "natural" derating would make the appliance's input capacity actually 86 MBTUH. In all of the documentation I could find I could not determine if this derating ever affected the advertised AFUE or SSE rating, only the actual input/output in direct relation to the AFUE.
So my first question is, after an appliance has been naturally derated for altitude, can it be assumed to still function at the manufacturer's AFUE?
And then my second question is, assuming the above is true, and from what I have read here (http://hvac-talk.com/vbb/attachment.php?attachmentid=219042&d=1..., see appendix E), it would seem that Steady State Efficiency (and consequently, AFUE) actually improves with altitude. I know, right? Does anyone know at which rate the SSE (or AFUE) might improve with each 1000 ft increment above sea level?
Views: 301
Do I hear crickets? Nobody has any response to this? Was it something I said? :p...
Hi Rod, I'm certainly not an expert on this topic, but wanted to let you know someone is following to see if an answer pops up. And yes I hear the crickets as well.
The paper in the link was a bit too long for me to read it all so I'll take your word for SEE and AFUE both showing some improvement with altitude. Even though the total BTUs being produced decreases, it seems logical that the combustion process can be adjusted for the lower air pressure. If a furnace were tuned up at sea level and then installed at 7,000 feet I would expect it to perform poorly. But re-tuned, it should be close to "as manufactured"" in performance. A little better or a little worse I can't guess.
Interesting. Since we have air time I'll ask you another altitude question. If you transport a window from sea level to 7,000' do you allow the pressure to equalize during the trip and then seal the vent?
Hey Bud, thanks for interrupting the sound of crickets! ;)
In reading that paper, just jump right to the appendix E as that paper has an immense amount of information. I generally read the whole thing and it took me a good hour and a half to assimilate. Good info there though, if you've got time.
To answer your question (or rather, to pose yet another one), do windows need to equalize to the outside pressure? I think all that will happen is that the windows will bulge outwards a bit from the pressure difference, but I don't see how it would affect R-value or functionality any. Do you?
So... is anyone else going to jump on this topic?
I'm not positive that I have an answer for this as well but I am interested in the topic and would guess that the answer lie in the ASHRAE Standard 103 Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers. I have not read this Standard and do not have it in my library of ASHRAE Standards but I suspect that there maybe some information in that. Anyone familiar with this Standard?
So.... seriously? No one can answer this question about altitude affecting AFUE? Sheesh! Alrighty then, seems I'm going to have to bust out a can of triple dog dare for all you HVAC experts to jump on. Or can it be that folks really don't know? Seems unlikely...
First, it is the wrong question. AFUE is a comparative consumer number whereby the layman is presumably assisted in choosing an appliance by its advertised efficiency.
If we are addressing condensing appliances, all others being a waste of time and money, then we assume sealed combustion, direct vent and a negative pressure gas valve. Unless the appliance has a Lamda control it will have to be tuned to the application i.e. available gas pressure and to your question the gas/air ratio.
The significance of combustion efficiency at altitudes above sea level are nothing compared to temperature differential and heat coefficient mentioned in Appendix E.
When designing systems in Sante Fe we rarely see a furnace but spec. many condensing boilers derated for output but enhanced by low operating temperatures giving us steady state combustion efficiency well into to upper 90's.
Well, I don't really think I asked the wrong question, "Does altitude affect AFUE?" Because that's what I wanted to know. That's the number I use in many calculations, to present to the layman (my customers) accordingly.
About 50% of the homes I audit in the Albuquerque/Santa Fe area have furnaces, not boilers. And of those furnaces, about 90% are 80% AFUE, non-condensing units, 40% of which run on propane. The diversity here runs the gamut. My question stems from often seeing 80% efficiency units (boilers or furnaces) without any evidence of altitude adjustments, whether in the form of orifice sizing, pressure regulating, or via Lamda controls. I just don't see any labels indicating so. So I have to assume that the unit has not been adjusted for altitude, thus my need to know if the efficiency is affected. Does that make sense?
I think that my question has been answered offline, with much more of my research coming to the conclusion that altitude does not "significantly" affect efficiency. And at this altitude (7000 ft), it's about a wash, so, no need to adjust the AFUE.
Thanks for the input Morgan, and welcome to this forum!
© 2015 Created by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.


text:
From my old 82 ... I might even have the passenger side somewhere.
location: Baltimore, MD
IM or email me if interested
From my old 82 ... I might even have the passenger side somewhere.
location: Baltimore, MD
IM or email me if interested
Sciroccos forever!
Get on the list: http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/scirocco-l
LOCAL SO CAL PICK UP: Scirocco 2 front US bumper / US headlights, free
lol is anything still available? i need parts and lots of em haha
damn economy :/
RIP/Sold- '88 Scirocco 16v, '87 Scirocco 16v, '84 Scirocco 8v, '88 Scirocco 16v, '06 GTI, '04 R32, '92 Jetta 8v
Does anyone have the screw that mounts the inside door handle to the door? It's long and thin and threaded all the way up, has a large-ish head...
I really need one. My driver's side door is handle-less! Or the measurements would work too.
Does your door handle have the spacers? If so I think i have 2 of them.
Do you still have the strut combos or the grille ?
i could use a driver door... or the center piece for the tail lights... or seatbelts lol [IMG]http://**********************/smile/emgift.gif[/IMG]
So Cal Peeps:
-Pair of shave-handled MK1 doors with glass---take 'em, or they're targets
Modified by My Old Roc at 9:38 PM 1-10-2010
Paul is the best! He lets us do this!
Vintage Rubber ...you know you need some new seals.
"It's fine, my Scrotum is nomex" - Polov8 2011
Quote, originally posted by My Old Roc » So Cal Peeps:
-Pair of shave-handled MK1 doors with glass---take 'em, or they're targets
Modified by My Old Roc at 9:38 PM 1-10-2010
thats pretty sick.
my hatch is free for the taking if anyone wants it. noone is even interested in it. [IMG]http://**********************/smile/emthdown.gif[/IMG]
still have the:
H&R spring and Bilstein strut combo complete with strut bearing plates Mk2.
im assuming they are gone, its been awhile.
your email is hidden.
Sorry, long gone.
Lots of VW stuff|Rare Scirocco parts!
The family: '55 Ford 351C, '70 TR6 262Olds, '80 Rabbit AAZ, '84 C30 350, '88 Scirocco 9A, '97 Hardbody KA24E, '01 TJ 150AMC.
I figured as much, didn't think that would stick around long.
I'm still in search of a decent stock suspension setup and stock exhaust (header to tips). All of the Scirocco's I've come upon in the junk yards locally have had the suspensions ravaged and the exhaust systems torn and mangled in the process of other parts being removed.
2008 Pontiac G8 GT
2004 Triumph Speed Triple
1987 VW Scirocco
Quote, originally posted by Iroczgirl » I like good karma so I'm giving away a few of my Mk1 and Mk2 bits!
- Mk1 Manual steering column with key.
- Mk1 Grille
If there's anything else I see around I'll post it up.
There are also a couple of items I need if you wanted to trade, all Mk2.
- Plastic trim piece that covers the inboard passenger seat slide.
- Drivers side manual window regulator.
Modified by Iroczgirl at 11:18 PM 1-16-2010
Is the MK1 Grille all black or black/chrome? -thanks-
Modified by 0dd_j0b at 1:18 PM 2-23-2010
Insert witty comment here.
free parts All from an SII
front seats, both sides. Passenger side does not have a tear.
headlights and US turns. Headlights work but retained water when the first snow thawed. I have lights for both sides
Inside and outside door sills
various under-dash trim. Changed to a mk2
single wiper motor. Still works, but very slow. Might be bad or might just need cleaned.
mk2 or 3 (I don't really know) dual outlet manifold and down pipe.
short-rod mk3 shift weight. Doesn't work with long-arm shifters
Modified by Pat @ Pitt Soundworks at 4:11 PM 2-6-2010
Modified by Pat @ Pitt Soundworks at 4:12 PM 2-6-2010
Quote, originally posted by PoVolks » Now have a 81' 1.7L engine. It was pulled from the car for a new JH/ABA swap. everything included except for various parts needed to run the new engine (coolant flanges, valve cover, intake mani, fueling are all staying with my car). FF trans runs but has stripped 5th and needs p/s output shaft seal.
The engine has poor compression in cylinder 2, but has since come back after sitting for weeks for some reason or another. Not sure, not my problem anymore. In Atlanta.
hey there. i'm local and can pick up that FF and whatever else you have for mk1 scirocco/rabbits
dang! I posted that in August. The scrap ppls picked up whats left...
...what other items are you looking for?
Quote, originally posted by jrgrinder » my hatch is free for the taking if anyone wants it. noone is even interested in it. [IMG]http://**********************/smile/emthdown.gif[/IMG]
I'll take that hatch if you still have it! PM sent
On a side note...does anyone have a funtioning passenger side power mirror? Mine is really busted
Modified by Tag-Along at 9:02 AM 3-1-2010
East Coast's Tag-Along Tottie
Yes, you heard me right...I'm a girl and I LOVE cars
Visit kdicustoms.com for all your interior needs and visit mk1dubz.com for a friendly free speech MK1 site!
If you don't need the lock assembly from the rear hatch i will take it.....mine currently has none, it is screwdriver operated.
Modified by Mr-X at 8:50 PM 3-2-2010
If I get it and it has one, it's yours
East Coast's Tag-Along Tottie
Yes, you heard me right...I'm a girl and I LOVE cars
Visit kdicustoms.com for all your interior needs and visit mk1dubz.com for a friendly free speech MK1 site!
Hey Pat, you still have those outter sills that sit up on the roof? I got mine stolen off my 84 wolfsburg when it was at the auto shop last. The guy says it was sitting outside when they got jacked so I dunno who took 'em. It would be awesome if I could have them I can pay shipping and handling and such. Those turning lights would be awesome too I have signal tape covering the front ones but it's such an eye sore I really just want them replaced. My back taillights are crap too but I'll just have to wait on those.
Modified by Ska-Head at 12:53 PM 3-26-2010
Modified by Ska-Head at 12:55 PM 3-26-2010
Scirocco 2 headlights (stock from a 16v), nothing special, some rust but can be cleaned up, and corner marker, driver's side. Might have the passenger side around somewhere.
Also have the two rear bulb holders from the 16v, no outer lights, just the inner bulb holders.
Also have an early Scirocco 1 corner marker (not wrap around style, left side only).
I could actually use the left front Mk2 marker if it's crack free.
re: lf marker for mk2: If you look closely it has a stress crack in it. Nothing that would leak or be an issue.
Free for the taking:
Large wing off of an '87.
Minor waves and bumps but overall in great shape.
New owner pays for packaging and shipping.
Rear bumper sounds good, my bro in law ruined the rear with a 2" trailer ball setup. Ruined the skin. To 44109
i need a BIG spoiler!!! the little one looks kinda funky lol
i'll get shipping to 85208
where you located? im realy interisted in them
where are you lacated?
Just pay for shipping or pick them up in NOVA
anyone have a pair of US turns?
I have cis-e ecu's, knock boxes, complete fuel distributor and lines, and the rest was running well when pulled, good condition air box to tb boot.
I need strut housings and an interior light between the sunvisors
Last edited by weeblebiker; 07-31-2010 at 11:06 PM.
'87 rocco ,ABA16VitbT, dual exhaust cams, megasquirt 2-extra v2.2 box
volvo TD04h-14T turbo, celica intercooler, corolla manifold, gsxr itbs,beer can, staged injection, maf, COPs
I really don't trust myself and have a tendency to catastrophize, but I don't even trust that I screw things up, so I'm pretty damn good at making and fixing stuff!
i have the side rubber trim and some door seals. rear rubber wing 16v one. and a few rear wiper assm. all work. and some sprayer resoviors.
lancaster pa come get them.


text: This goes to show that Chinese phones can sometimes deliver and that they can be more than clones of great handsets. Enter QiJi i6, one of the few handsets that supports Android and Windows Mobile, albeit without the possibility of using dual-boot. You just pick one of the operating systems, run it and then install the other.


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Starting from
Augustus Tower Luxury
What Makes This Room Different
Nestled in Caesars Palace's private corridor, the opulent Forbes Four Star Augustus Tower offers guests supreme comfort and personalized attention. Adorned in neutral tones, light green accents and ornate furnishings, the comfortable 650-square-foot Las Vegas suite includes an ample separate living space. As part of The Laurel Collection, guests have direct access to the Garden of the Gods pool oasis, the spa, private valet entrance and exclusive hotel registration. Extravagant service, all just steps away. With a view, and available with 1 King or 2 Queen beds.
Room Features
Room Amenities
Sheets : White Duvets
Mattress : Plush Pillow Tops
Workspace : Yes
Furniture : Sitting Area with Sofa
Square Footage : 650
View : None
Decor : Delicate Elegance
Smoking/Non-Smoking : Both
Window Treatments : Yes
Bath Products : Gilchrest & Soames
Makeup Mirror : Yes
Tub/Shower : Shower Only
Shower Head : Standard
Phone : Wall Mounted Phone
In-Mirror TV : No
Iron w/ Board : Yes
Coffee Maker : Yes
Television : One
Telephone : Yes
DVD Player : No
iPod Stereo : No
CD Player : Yes
Alarm Clock : Bedside CD Player and Clock


text:
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. -- The prospective owner of the Phoenix Coyotes is unable to complete his purchase of the team before a lease agreement deal with the City of Glendale expires, a league official told The Associated Press on Thursday.
Former San Jose Sharks CEO Greg Jamison will issue a statement saying he can't meet the deadline, but still hopes to buy the team, the official said on condition of anonymity because he wasn't authorized to discuss the situation.
Jamison had until midnight Thursday to complete his purchase of the Coyotes from the NHL under terms of a 20-year, $308 million lease agreement with Glendale for Jobing.com Arena.
New Glendale Mayor Jerry Weiers has said he will not extend the lease deal, opening up the possibility of other potential bidders to compete with Jamison to buy the team.
Jamison was not able to pull together the funds and investors he needed in time to meet the deadline and will likely have to renegotiate with Glendale if he is able to purchase the team from the NHL, continuing a saga that has lasted more than three years.
Obviously, it's a frustrating time, but we have no control over it, Coyotes goalie Mike Smith said. It's something we can't really solve, otherwise we'd buy the team if we could. We've just got to worry about winning hockey games and playing to the best of our abilities, and hopefully it'll work itself out.
The ownership dilemma started in 2009, when former owner Jerry Moyes took the team into bankruptcy in a bid to sell to Canadian billionaire Jim Balsillie, who would move the franchise to Hamilton, Ontario. The NHL vehemently opposed that plan and a U.S. Bankruptcy Court judge later refused to allow the sale to go through.
With no one else stepping forward, the NHL bought the team and started running it with the intention of finding a buyer who would keep the team in Arizona. It's been a drawn-out process filled with false starts and dashed hopes.
The league thought it had an owner in place when Chicago businessman Matthew Hulsizer stepped forward, but his bid fell through when the conservative watchdog group Goldwater Institute inserted itself into the process and warned potential bond buyers to stay away from the Glendale offering because of a looming lawsuit.
Amid speculation that the Coyotes would return to Winnipeg, where the franchise relocated from in 1996, Jamison came forward as a potential buyer last year.
The NHL announced during last year's playoffs that it had a preliminary agreement to sell the team to Jamison and he later worked out a lease agreement with Glendale for Jobing.com Arena despite opposition from Goldwater.
Jamison's bid to buy the team cleared a big hurdle when Glendale voters in November's election upheld a 0.7 percent sales tax increase designed to help the city's finances. He also reworked the lease agreement with the city, setting a Jan. 31 deadline for Jamison to purchase the team from the NHL.
But Jamison may have been hurt by the 113-day NHL lockout and was unable to secure the finances he needed to finish off the deal in time.
And so the wait for an owner continues.
We'll just kind of move on with what we need to do on the ice, Coyotes forward Raffi Torres said. We're not really worried with what's going on off the ice right now.
They've had plenty of practice at it by now.
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Jamison misses deadline to purchase Coyotes
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. -- The prospective owner of the Phoenix Coyotes is unable to complete his purchase of the team before a lease agreement deal with the City of Glendale expires, a league official told The Associated Press on Thursday.


text:
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Complete the Look!
Gross out friends and family with this lifelike pumping bleeding intestines device. Use it as part of a costume or the decor - you squeeze the hand pump and watch the body fluids churn about. Yuck!
- The bleeding intestines are made of PVC
- Item Dimensions in Packaging- 10"x10"
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[1 of 1 customers found this review helpful]
Cool zombie guts...
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worked great with a cut out shirt and the pump in the pants pockets. Looks great when pumping the blood through while eating or drinking....
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The Food and Nutrition Thematic Unit is based on the following pieces of literature: Growing Vegetable Soup; Bread Bread Bread; and Gregory the Terrible Eater. This reproducible resource is filled with ready-to-use lessons and cross-curricular activities. Also included are management ideas, creative suggestions for the classroom, and a bibliography.
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text:
In Swedish some scientific theories are called law, and some simply theory. For instance the theory of gravity is called the law of gravity but theory of evolution is called, as in English, a theory.
How about changing the name from theory of evolution to the "law of evolution"? It sounds more powerful, unquestionable and I think that we have for a long time reached a level of certainty about the validity of the theory so that it is justifiable to call it a law of science.
I thought of this when watching a couple of years old lecture by Professor Dawkins where he speaks about consciousness raising and the importance of the correct use of language when speaking about a catholic child vs child of catholic parents where the latter would be the correct term since the child does not know what he/she prefers and thus is being labeled.
Although this move will not by any means win the battle I think when new people would come across the term it would give evolution a higher stature.
I think that psychologically it is easy to dismiss something like "just a theory" but to dismiss a law, at least in my mind seems a bit harder.
What do you think?


text:
It was the final game for the Lady Wave in the Immanuel Christmas Tournament as West Point took on a very tough Heritage Academy. It was the third game in a three day span that maybe left the Lady Wave with little in the gas tank.
West Point was held to only one Qiayon Bailey basket during the first quarter and failed to ever return into contention with the Lady Patriots. Heritage Academy went on to have full control of the contest and never let the Lady Wave ever get close. The Lady Patriots defeated West Point 44-33.
The Green Wave ended their two week hiatus Saturday December 29 in Booneville on the campus of Northeast Mississippi Community College. West Point took on the Blue Devils of Booneville High School. The Blue Devils are the current 3-A runner-up and one of the favorites to win the 3-A state championship.
The Lady Raiders have been absolutely dominant this season and it is only the end of December. Once again Oak Hill put on commanding performances at the Immanuel Christmas Tournament as the Lady Raiders defeated both of their opponents and very easily to say the least.
The Raiders, over the holiday break, participated in the Immanuel Christmas Tournament. Oak Hill split their two games at the tournament with one loss to Columbus High School on Thursday and a tight victory over single-A Winona Christian 64-60 on Friday.
Stan Hughey's squad managed to get a few easy practices against East Webster and Winona Christian in Immanuel's Christmas tournament in Columbus. Winning both games by a convincing margin, Oak Hill comes out of the first half of the season with a 16-3 record.
The Oak Hill Raiders made a brief return to the hardwood on Thursday and Friday to participate in Immanuel's Christmas tournament in Columbus to stay in game shape for critical games coming up in early January. The Raiders faced off early Thursday afternoon against Columbus High and lost 64-42 before rebounding against Winona the following night in a 60-56 barn burner.
Though scheduled to face Winston Academy, the Lady Wave opened up the Immanuel Christmas tournament against the host Lady Rams of Immanuel Christian School in the early morning game that tipped off at 9:45 a.m. Thursday.
West Point opened the first quarter with great controlled defense and outstanding half-court offense, allowing for the Lady Wave to open up an early 7 point lead. The Lady Wave never looked back after the first quarter, and absolutely dominated Immanuel with their largest lead at 24 points during the fourth quarter. West Point cruised to an easy victory 52-29.
As Christmas has passed and the Holiday season is still in full swing, many high schools are hosting tournaments during the coming week. Three West Point teams will make the trip over to Columbus to play in the Immanuel Christmas Tournament hosted by Immanuel Christian School.
The Immanuel Christmas Tournament boasts strong teams from the MAIS and MHSAA and should be a very entertaining and challenging event for all West Point three teams participating.
West Point Lady Wave
How sweet revenge can be. 10 days after a tough road loss at Indianola, the Raiders got their chance to take it to the Colonels, and boy, did they take advantage. Oak Hill played fearless and smart the whole night, never scoring less than 14 points in every quarter while holding Indianola to only 11 points in the second half on route to a 65-38 statement win for the 10-5 Raiders heading into the holiday break.
Thursday night, Oak Hill played their second contest against Indianola within a 10-day span. After a close contest between the Lady Raiders and Lady Colonels, this matchup on Oak Hill's home court was expected to be another barn burner. The fans certainly did not go home disappointed after the Lady Raiders' 34-31 defensive battle. In the lowest scoring game of the season thus far, Oak Hill showed its grit and toughness and secured the win through tenacious defense and adjusting to the slow pace of the game.


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Has the new issue of Open Anthropology, The Social Life of Health, Illness, Medicine and Health Care, piqued your interest in anthropological understandings of health, illness, medicine, and health care? Are you interested in building the conversation on your campus or in your community? Throughout March and April, AAA is encouraging anthropology clubs and discussion groups to explore, debate and analyze contemporary issues of health, illness, medicine and health care based on the material included in the March issue of Open Anthropology.
We'd then like to hear from you! Send us stories, videos, and/or photographs that highlight and illustrate the depth, liveliness and creativity of your discussion. Two submissions will be selected to be featured on the AAA blog in May.
Jump start your conversations using these questions:
- In what ways does the idea of the "social life of" health, illness, medicine and health care that frames the specific articles in this issue of Open Anthropology, offer a way to shift public conversations on these issues?
- How can anthropology help identify omissions in policy and public conversations regarding health and health care?
- In current public conversations and contemporary policy debates on health, illness, medicine and health care, how are inequality and violence engaged with- or ignored? Using these articles, how can anthropologists use ethnography to shed light on inequality and violence?
- How have these articles intersected with your own research and/or research interests?
- How are anthropologists across the four fields of anthropology writing about the social life of health, illness, medicine and health care? Beyond the articles presented in this issue of Open Anthropology, what additional research, theories and concepts will help us illuminate our views of health, illness, medicine and health care?
Please submit your stories and/or photographs to Jennie at email@example.com by April 30th. We look forward to your submissions!
Filed under: Commentary, Publications | Tagged: Alisse Waterston, anthropology clubs, discussion groups, global health care policy and practice, Illness, National Association of Student Anthropologists, Open Anthropology, public health, Society for Medical Anthropology | Comments Off on Calling all Discussion Groups and Anthropology Clubs: Let's Talk About the March Issue of Open Anthropology!


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Big mountains, world class skiing and an exceptional all round ski holiday experience is awaiting you at Catedral Alta Patagonia, Bariloche's world famous ski resort.
The massive expansion program at Catedral Alta Patagonia outside Bariloche has tripled the lift capacity, with a new gondola, express quad, quad, triple and 2 double chairs the highlights. New terrain for all levels has been opened up, including spectacular chutes and powder bowls in the La Laguna area. The resort now has more lift capacity than the rest of Argentina put together, so you can avoid queues all season when you stay on mountain.All this adds up to by far the best lift network in South America with;
Buenos Aires - 1600km
Bariloche - 35km
2 hours - flight
1 hour
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Looking for value for money - here is the place. Fantastic snow and wide open terrain. Plenty of lifts but normal crowds. Consider ski-ing in Argentina. You will have a ball without the high price of Australian ski resorts and North American. Travelplan organised a great ski package and we were met and greeted with a local representative of Travelplan. Thank you to Leah Scott for a wonderful holiday. Weather was fantastic while we were there in late August/early September. Almost tee shirt weather.
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Enjoy all this with Travelplan's Patagonia Powder hosted ski weeks, with weekly departures from July to September.
Travelplan Ski Holidays offer an extensive range of Specials & Ski Holiday Packages to suit anyone's budget, including:
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Buenos Aires - 1,600km
July to August
Speak to a friendly snow travel specialist now.Phone: (Australia Toll Free)1300 SKI SKI1300 754 754
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text:
Akribos XXIV
Men's Round Brown & Gold Watch
- Color:
- brown
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
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- Round gold tone metal alloy case with clear partial skeleton dial
- Brown leather strap with buckle closure
- Mechanical movement
- Water resistance tested at 10M
- Case measures 42mm (1.65 inches) wide
- Strap measures 22mm (0.86 inches) wide
- 2 year limited manufacturer warranty
Material: Metal alloy and leather
Brand: Akribos XXIV
Origin: Imported


text:
Telemark Gear
CategoriesAlpine Touring/Telemark Skis
Alpine Touring/Telemark Poles
Climbing Skins
Snowsport Helmets
BrandsBlack Diamond
Line Skis
TwentyTwo Designs
Priceless than $25
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$500 and above
Recent Telemark Product Reviews
Scott Voodoo
Great looking boot, but the toe buckle went on day 2 after purchasing. Great looking boot, and it seemed that the stiffness is a great advantage, but I blew the toe buckle wires off in the first two days on the hill. Had to improvise with bent lengths of coat hanger. It seems that the buckle is not built for the strain put on the bellow area. The wires off of both feet were sacrifices to Ullr. Full review
G3 Targa
Not the binding you want if you are an aggressive telemarker. Was a good binding to learn on, if only because it was hard to ski! This was my first telemark binding, and I used it for about half a season, probably 50 days. It was used at the time I bought it. I was impressed that they held up, given that I had heard a lot of horror stories of these breaking. First off, let's start with the pros: These are super light, super easy to mount and switch out parts as necessary, and they work. The… Full review
TwentyTwo Designs Axl
Absolute best binding for touring and performance. Easy switching between modes and resistance levels. Sturdy. This is the perfect backcountry binding for the true telemarker. First off, we have to start with the performance. The free release touring mode makes going up a cinch because you have zero resistance on your heel. It's very easy to switch between modes, you just use your pole and the ski can stay on. Once in ski mode, it skis like an aggressive alpine Tele binding. It is not quite as… Full review
Black Diamond Compactor Poles
Love the trekking poles. I use to hike a lot, but with aging my pace has really slowed down. These poles are so much better than using a cane for any walking you do. Because of the perfect balance they create you can move easily wherever you use them. However, I have lost my manual and I need advice about how to put on the powder baskets. Help??? Full review
Armada JJ
Bottom Line: The Armada JJ is a really fun ski. It floats well at 115 underfoot, but with such early taper and rocker it has a really surfy feeling. It really can handle anything you toss at it. I highly recommend this ski to ANYONE who is looking at getting into rocker, who rides powder/crud at least 70% of the time, or who wants a sick backcountry jib ski! Pros: "If you have the means, I highly recommend picking one up." Seriously, they are probably the best 1 ski quiver ski that I have ever handled… Full review
Armada Magic J
This is hands down one of the best big mountain powder slayers on the market. It is extremely versatile given its width, and Armada nailed the flex profile in the 190cm length. For years I was begging Armada to make a super JJ (fatter, longer, stiffer, modified rocker, etc.)...They finally came out with the AK JJ, but it was just longer and only slightly stiffer. I was bummed... until they released the Magic J.... and it was everything I ever wanted and more! I always felt that the regular Armada… Full review
Salomon Rocker2 108
Awesome lightweight, extremely versatile, stiff touring ski that you can use all day inbounds. These are an awesome touring ski for someone that is looking for a ski that can charge inbouds as well as out of bounds. I use this ski about 40% of the time as an inbounds crud crusher, and 60% of the time as a backcountry powder ski. Extremely stable at speed, stomp landings hard and easily, but extremely versatile. I used to spend about 90% of my days on the Armada JJ, which has to be one of the most… Full review
POC Lobes
These are the best goggles. They don't fog up easily. The lens is easily removable. The frameless design has inspired a lot of copy cats. The peripheral vision on them is HUGE. They are very durable. I had a pair with a defective lens and POC sent me a new lens for free. Great customer service. Very unique, most people don't have these and they look awesome!! I used to be an Oakley snob. I owned five pairs of Crowbars. But I just like these so much better. The optics seem on-par, but these offer… Full review
Atomic Blog
I was using these as my touring ski for a while. They would have been cool 6 years ago, but now they are just kind of... lame. I was using these as my touring ski for a while. They would have been cool 6 years ago, but now they are just kind of... lame. Don't get me wrong.. they are very easy to ski. If this is going to be your first powder ski, you will probably love them. If you weigh under 150 lbs you will probably love them. If you don't ski very fast, you will probably love them. If you will… Full review
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text:
Crescent Decorative Matboard offers excellent protection for the majority of framing jobs and provides unlimited matting combinations to enhance artwork and complement interior decor. It can also be used for posters, decorative art, and craft projects.
These classic boards have a fine-quality surface paper that is highly fade and bleed resistant. The cream core is made of unprinted, reclaimed wood pulp fibers and, along with the backing paper, is buffered and acid free. Individual boards are 4-ply, .052"–.060" (1.3 to 1.5 mm) thick.
View by color group ...
Popular Beiges — Antique Buff is a creamy, yellowish beige. Mist is cooler and more bluish than Antique Buff. Porcelain is brighter and more reddish.
Popular Browns — Light Umbria is a cool, grayish brown tint of the famous Italian pigment it is named for. Fudge is a rich, warm, chocolate brown. Sepia is a classic, earthy, reddish brown, like the famous pigment it is named for.
Popular Tans — Saddle Tan and Suntan are brownish tans, with Saddle Tan being brighter while Suntan is deeper and richer. Sandstone is lightest and reddest of the Crescent tans, approaching beige.
Note — Use the color charts for Crescent matboard as a rough guideline for color, but keep in mind that exact color matching is not possible with a computer monitor. If you require exact color matching for Crescent matboard, use actual samples of the materials.
Minimum Order — If our price on a board is $6.99 or less, a minimum order of 10 boards is required. Your selection may be assorted to meet this requirement. If our price is $7.00 or more, boards may be ordered individually.
® Crescent is a registered trademark.
Crescent Decorative Matboard is suitable for the vast majority of matting and framing applications.
Where archival quality is needed, for fine art originals, valuable documents, limited edition prints and photos, and so forth, we recommend an archival grade such as Crescent Museum Grade Matboard.


text:
Free Domestic shipping on Jewelry orders of $125. Non-jewelry orders over $125 will be invoiced separately for actual shipping costs which must be paid prior to shipping.
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